For years experts have been telling us what to eat and what not to eat. Fat, they told us, was the enemy. Then it was salt, then sugar, then cholesterol...and on it goes. People listened and they lost - but not their excess fat. What they lost was their health and waistlines. In this scientific and revolutionary book, based on Nobel Prize-winning research, medical visionary and former Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher Dr. Barry Sears makes peak physical and mental performance, as well as permanent fat loss, simple for you to understand and achieve. With lists of good and bad carbohydrates, easy-to-follow food blocks and delicious recipes, "The Zone" provides all you need to begin your journey toward permanent fat loss, great health and all-round peak performance. In balance, your body will not only burn fat, but you'll fight heart disease, diabetes, PMS, chronic fatigue, depression and cancer, as well as alleviate the painful symptoms of diseases such as multiple sclerosis and HIV. This Zone state of exceptional health is well-known to champion athletes. Your own journey toward it can begin with your next meal. You will no longer think of food as merely an item of pleasure or a means to appease hunger. Food is your medicine and your ticket to that state of ultimate body balance, strength and great health: the Zone.


Introduction

This book encapsulates 10 years of my work with each project laid out in the manner in which it was originally conceived and then developed. The book title is a noun already loaded with ambiguity. With a standard definition of "foolish or silly behaviour", tomfoolery is also a term in Cockney rhyming slang, meaning "jewellery". For the purposes of my retrospective I wanted to create a playful tension between the two existing definitions and for me tomfoolery is redefined here as a less precious approach, implying a light touch. I see it as serious play: in other words Tomfoolery is at the heart of my objects and jewellery.

The projects are mostly without commentary but include instead some of my own previously unseen and unedited letters, e-mails, administrative communications and jottings. The intention is to provide a less structured insight into my process and to summarise my ideas at the time of writing. The act of rediscovering and rereading these texts has shaped the final outcome with a layout that visually maps my original thought patterns with as little text as possible. I have also included other people's descriptions and interpretative writing that offer an alternative voice.

Both public and personal works are presented and provide an overview of my concerns and preoccupations as a contemporary maker. Projects such as Papaver Argentum and Room Temperature highlight particular observations and points of interest within the sphere of material practice while Process Works and Thinking Tools present unedited thoughts on my creative methods and the dilemmas of making. Addressing the notion that the sharing of knowledge through teaching might be a method of investigation and experimentation within jewellery making, the subject is freely explored far away from formal academia in workshops such as The Social Life of Jewellery. Moving from the classroom to the community group, the importance of collaborative working in exploring the wider issues of craft commissioning, craft collections and social engagement is presented through the project Pas de Deux. As in most of my work the narrative structure/auto-narrative is pervasive and the personal and emotional investment in projects such as Pinpoint and Handwriting contrasts sharply with high profile, public commissions such as designing the medals for the London 2012 Paralympic Games. However, these seemingly oppositional landscapes direct me towards exploring new themes for jewellery involving a constant re-evaluation of the role of self-identity and the mechanisms by which authenticity is sought by both groups and individuals.

I see objects and jewellery not only as things to possess and use but also as subjects to explore and research and a medium through which ideas and concepts can be presented. By exposing my methods in reaching the outcomes featured here I hope to expand the scope of jewellery as a subject of study, an approach to making and as a philosophical lens through which we can view the world we live in.


"Different minds learn differently," writes Dr. Mel Levine, one of the best-known education experts and pediatricians in America today. And that's a problem for many children, because most schools still cling to a one-size-fits-all education philosophy. As a result, these children struggle because their learning patterns don't fit the schools they are in. In "A Mind at a Time, " Dr. Levine shows parents and others who care for children how to identify these individual learning patterns. He explains how parents and teachers can encourage a child's strengths and bypass the child's weaknesses. This type of teaching produces satisfaction and achievement instead of frustration and failure. Different brains are differently wired, Dr. Levine explains. There are eight fundamental systems, or components, of learning that draw on a variety of neurodevelopmental capacities. Some students are strong in certain areas and some are strong in others, but no one is equally capable in all eight. Using examples drawn from his own extensive experience, Dr. Levine shows how parents and children can identify their strengths and weaknesses to determine their individual learning styles. For example, some students are creative and write imaginatively but do poorly in history because weak memory skills prevent them from retaining facts. Some students are weak in sequential ordering and can't follow directions. They may test poorly and often don't do well in mathematics. In these cases, Dr. Levine observes, the problem is not a lack of intelligence but a learning style that doesn't fit the assignment. Drawing on his pioneering research and his work with thousands of students, Dr. Levine shows how parents and teachers can develop effective strategies to work through or around these weaknesses. "It's taken for granted in adult society that we cannot all be 'generalists' skilled in every area of learning and mastery. Nevertheless, we apply tremendous pressure to our children to be good at "everything." They are expected to shine in math, reading, writing, speaking, spelling, memorization, comprehension, problem solving...and none of us adults can" do all this, observes Dr. Levine. Learning begins in school but it doesn't end there. Frustrating a child's desire to learn will have lifelong repercussions. This frustration can be avoided if we understand that not every child can do equally well in every type of learning. We must begin to pay more attention to individual learning styles, to individual minds, urges Dr. Levine, so that we can maximize children's learning potential. In "A Mind at a Time" he shows us how.


Artistic creativity forms the basis of music culture and music industry. Composing, improvising and arranging music are complex creative functions of the human brain, which biological value remains unknown. We hypothesized that practicing music is social communication that needs musical aptitude and even creativity in music. In order to understand the neurobiological basis of music in human evolution and communication we analyzed polymorphisms of the arginine vasopressin receptor 1A (AVPR1A), serotonin transporter (SLC6A4), catecol-O-methyltranferase (COMT), dopamin receptor D2 (DRD2) and tyrosine hydroxylase 1 (TPH1), genes associated with social bonding and cognitive functions in 19 Finnish families (n = 343 members) with professional musicians and/or active amateurs. All family members were tested for musical aptitude using the auditory structuring ability test (Karma Music test; KMT) and Carl Seashores tests for pitch (SP) and for time (ST). Data on creativity in music (composing, improvising and/or arranging music) was surveyed using a web-based questionnaire. Here we show for the first time that creative functions in music have a strong genetic component (h2 = .84; composing h2 = .40; arranging h2 = .46; improvising h2 = .62) in Finnish multigenerational families. We also show that high music test scores are significantly associated with creative functions in music (p<.0001). We discovered an overall haplotype association with AVPR1A gene (markers RS1 and RS3) and KMT (p = 0.0008; corrected p = 0.00002), SP (p = 0.0261; corrected p = 0.0072) and combined music test scores (COMB) (p = 0.0056; corrected p = 0.0006). AVPR1A haplotype AVR+RS1 further suggested a positive association with ST (p = 0.0038; corrected p = 0.00184) and COMB (p = 0.0083; corrected p = 0.0040) using haplotype-based association test HBAT. The results suggest that the neurobiology of music perception and production is likely to be related to the pathways affecting intrinsic attachment behavior.


Volume 33 Number 4 (November 1977) issue of the World's Poultry Science Journal carried the announcement that Dr Gordon Rosen was the Journal's first sponsor. The very positive idea (Dr Rosen's) of having companies and individuals provide financial support to defray journal production costs was described as the 'Sponsorship Scheme' by Editor R.F. Gordon. The initial idea was that sponsors could opt for levels of support based on 'units,' one unit being one hundred British pounds. Although Dr Wade Brant had yet to be elected Treasurer of WPSA, that would happen the following summer, I believe plans were under way for Dr Brant to be nominated. Dr George Jaap would be retiring as Treasurer in 1978 after 20 years of service. As your current Treasurer, I had the pleasure of learning much about the inner WPSA workings of this period from the late Drs Brant and A.W. Jasper. Dr Brant told me many times that Dr Rosen approached him about the sponsorship idea. He told Dr Brant that with a sponsorship in hand, Dr Brant could approach the large poultry companies. He advised Dr Brant, 'You tell them that if little Gordon Rosen can provide a sponsorship, surely your big company can as well.' And it worked. Today's Journal has so much of its production costs defrayed through the support of individuals, poultry companies, and companies that make up the allied poultry industries. Through the years, Dr Brant, in collaboration with fellow WPSA officers, created the system of Journal sponsorship and advertising. The number of sponsors grew significantly and advertisers were slowly added. This was achieved through the tireless efforts of our former Secretary, Dr Piet Simons, and current Secretary, Dr Roel Mulder. Dr Rosen is best known in his working life as the key person regarding anti-biotic (a term he has always tried to improve) applications in animal feed in the 1970's. For nearly 40 years Dr Rosen has remained the Journal's most dedicated supporter. He has always been a champion of WPSA and made annual donations toward increasing the membership of WPSA. At the recent WPSA Board meeting in Bergamo, Italy it was unanimously agreed to honour Dr Rosen as Founding Journal Sponsor. This title will appear in every issue of the Journal as a lasting tribute to this great poultry nutritionist and stalwart supporter of WPSA. This special "thank you" is arguable overdue, but nevertheless richly deserved.


Stewart, Elizabeth. (2012). The Lynching of Louie Sam . Toronto: Annick Press. Print. In 1884, Louis Sam, a 14-year-old from the Sto:lō nation, was lynched on Canadian soil by American vigilantes. The teen was taken from police custody, where he was being held on suspicion of murder of a Washington Territory settler named James Bell. In this fictionalized account, Elizabeth Stewart tells the story of the lynching of Louie Sam through the eyes of 15-year-old George Gillies, a witness to the event. At first, George fervently believes that Louie Sam is guilty of the crime. But after he and his best friend Pete Harkness follow the vigilantes north into Canada and witness the hanging of Louie Sam, George's certainty waivers. Louie Sam is so young, and doesn't seem like a killer. Could the lynch-mob have killed an innocent boy? Was this murder rather than an act of justice? As George begins to piece together the puzzle of James Bell's death, his uncertainty grows. Stewart's prose is clear and concise, the characters believable, and the plot well-paced. The mystery of James Bell's death develops in such a way that observant readers will pick up the clues. The novel's sense of time and place also rings true. Some of the novel's racist dialogue is upsetting, but as Stewart notes in her foreword, it is reflective of the attitudes of the time, and integral to the plot and theme. The lynching of Louie Sam occurs within the first 90 pages of the novel, and we never hear Louie Sam speak. This is an interesting choice, and a fitting one. In the novel, as in life, Louie Sam is silenced. Instead, the tragedy of his short life and violent death is reflected in George's coming of age; George matures emotionally and morally with his growing awareness of the prejudice and injustice within his community. Elizabeth Stewart has crafted a compelling young adult novel centred on important themes of racism, justice and personal responsibility. These important themes are deftly developed; the tone never becomes preachy or pedantic. Strong curricular ties to both English and social studies programmes will appeal to teachers. The Lynching of Louie Sam is perfect for the senior high school library. Recommended: 3 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Nancy Prentice Nancy Prentice is a teacher-librarian, and the learning leader of the Learning Commons at Forest Lawn High School in Calgary.


This article presents the following model of two regulatory classes of financial institutions interacting in financial and political markets to spur deregulation and riskier lending and investment, which in turn contributes to the severity of a financial crisis: 1) Regulation creates two categories of financial institutions. The first class faces greater restrictions in lending or investment activities but enjoys regulatory subsidies, such as an explicit or implicit government guarantee, while the second class is more loosely regulated and can make riskier loans or investments and earn additional profits. 2) These additional profits leads to calls for deregulation to enable the first class to participate in lucrative lending or investment markets. 3) Deregulation allows the first class of institution either to compete with the second class in formerly restricted markets or to invest in the second class, in either case, while retaining its regulatory subsidy. 4) Deregulation spurs additional lending in two ways: i) subsidy leakage, which occurs when the first class can use subsidized funds to make riskier investments (including investments in the second class) without regulation compensating for moral hazard; and ii) displacement, which occurs when subsidized competition pushes the second class into riskier market segments. 5) Additional lending increases leverage in the financial system and fuels a boom in an asset market. 6) Asset prices collapse and threaten the solvency of financial institutions. This model explains financial deregulation in Sweden in the 1980s, which led to a 1990 bank crisis. The model also provides a framework for scholars to examine whether deregulation in the United States involving the following dual classes of institutions contributed to the current crisis: GSEs (Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae) and sponsors of "private label" mortgage-backed securities; Commercial and investment banks with respect to the Glass-Steagall repeal; and Banks and hedge funds with respect to OTC derivatives. The model would support the premises of the proposed Volcker Rule, which would restrict investment activities of banks, but suggests that imposing those restrictions may not be sustainable in the long run.


Our goal for this paper is to address changes in motor patterns that occur early in life. To do this, we begin by sharing first a brief set of exemplar patterns of movement that emerge prenatally and during the first year postnatally. We couch these descriptions in the hypotheses proposed to explain what has been observed, and emphasize, as well, the context in which they appear. We follow with some experimental studies developmental scientists have used to test these explanations. Subsequently, we address the brain-behavior collaboration that unfolds and supports skill acquisition across early development. We provide data to show that recent advances in brain-imaging technology enable researchers to monitor cortical activity as infants explore and learn functional skills in real time and over developmental time. This opens a new frontier to the scientific study of the early development of neuromotor control and can enhance both our basic science knowledge and our efforts to optimize positive clinical out...


What links conscious experience of pain, joy, color, and smell to bioelectrical activity in the brain? How can anything physical give rise to nonphysical, subjective, conscious states? Christof Koch has devoted much of his career to bridging the seemingly unbridgeable gap between the physics of the brain and phenomenal experience. This engaging book -- part scientific overview, part memoir, part futurist speculation -- describes Koch's search for an empirical explanation for consciousness. Koch recounts not only the birth of the modern science of consciousness but also the subterranean motivation for his quest -- his instinctual (if "romantic") belief that life is meaningful. Koch describes his own groundbreaking work with Francis Crick in the 1990s and 2000s and the gradual emergence of consciousness (once considered a "fringy" subject) as a legitimate topic for scientific investigation. Present at this paradigm shift were Koch and a handful of colleagues, including Ned Block, David Chalmers, Stanislas Dehaene, Giulio Tononi, Wolf Singer, and others. Aiding and abetting it were new techniques to listen in on the activity of individual nerve cells, clinical studies, and brain-imaging technologies that allowed safe and noninvasive study of the human brain in action. Koch gives us stories from the front lines of modern research into the neurobiology of consciousness as well as his own reflections on a variety of topics, including the distinction between attention and awareness, the unconscious, how neurons respond to Homer Simpson, the physics and biology of free will, dogs, Der Ring des Nibelungen, sentient machines, the loss of his belief in a personal God, and sadness. All of them are signposts in the pursuit of his life's work -- to uncover the roots of consciousness.


Bring your design vision to life with this full-color guide to AutoCAD 2013!Used by everyone from engineers and architects to interior designers and draftspeople, AutoCAD 2013 is the worlds leading 2D and 3D technical drawing program. But, with so many options and features available, finding your way around AutoCAD can be a challenge, even for experienced CAD professionals. AutoCAD 2013 For Dummies is here to help. Youll learn to build a solid foundation for all your projects, use standard CAD techniques, get familiar with new tools and features, and start sharing your models and designs in no time with this easy-to-follow guide.Covers the latest AutoCAD features and techniques, including creating a basic layout, navigating the AutoCAD Ribbon, drawing and editing, working with dimensions, adding text, creating 3D models, and more Walks readers through setting up a drawing environment, applying visual styles, managing data across several drawings, and showcasing your designs to potential clients and customersFeatures full-color illustrations that mirror what youll see on your AutoCAD 2013 screens plus a companion website with downloadable drawing files so you can put your CAD skills to the testWhether youre an AutoCAD amateur or a modeling master, AutoCAD 2013 For Dummies has something for you.


Faced with a number of research methods, astute researchers carefully choose the method of research most appropriate for their inquiry. Even when there is a goodness of fit between the research design selected to conduct the study and the topic of interest, all designs pose challenges for investigators that need to be considered and addressed. This paper represents the reflections of a novice researcher regarding the issues and decisions made in the course of selecting a phenomenological approach to conduct research examining family caregivers' experiences caring for tube feeding–dependent patients with advanced head and neck cancer. As such, the article is aimed at sensitizing other novice investigators about things to consider in selecting a phenomenological perspective to answer their own research questions.


This thesis examines the process by which Virginian migrants to the frontiers of Georgia fashioned their particular identity as a planter elite in the post-revolutionary South. Study of this migrant community, is a point of access not only to the culture of the southern backcountry, but the difficult question of how elites mediated the upheavals of Virginian society during the latter half of the eighteenth-century. This work is structured around the interrogation of artifacts, particularly houses and furnishings, for the ideas that shaped them. While the material culture of the Chesapeake gentry has been extensively explored, the domestic landscape of the Tidewater's backcountry periphery has received little attention. The interweaving of material and documentary sources makes it possible to access the complicated public identities they authored in response to the challenge posed by the encounter with by Evangelical ideology, and their efforts at maintaining clear cultural boundaries as a migrant community.


Abstract Some conservation finance strategies feature taxes on nature's benign, and arguably educational, uses. This applies to a recent proposal to extract payment from producers of nature films and also to past efforts to raise entrance fees to protected areas. We argue that, as they are currently formulated, it is misleading to label these proposals as payments for environmental service schemes, as they lack voluntary and conditional payments. Rather, they are a form of taxation. Such revenue-seeking measures may prove to be short-sighted. They will raise prices and curtail the demand for those environmental services that embody some element of education, thus reducing public exposure to nature. This could diminish public awareness, curb people's biophilia and devalue Nature's 'existence values'. This drive for more conservation cash income in the short term could undermine a broad, long-term societal basis for conservation and its future financing.


The symmetric $q,t$-Catalan polynomial $C_n(q,t)$, which specializes to the Catalan polynomial $C_n(q)$ when $t=1$, was defined by Garsia and Haiman in 1994. In 2000, Garsia and Haglund described statistics $a(\pi)$ and $b(\pi)$ on Dyck paths such that $C_n(q,t) = \sum_{\pi} q^{a(\pi)}t^{b(\pi)}$ where the sum is over all $n \times n$ Dyck paths. Specializing $t=1$ gives the Catalan polynomial $C_n(q)$ defined by Carlitz and Riordan and further studied by Carlitz. Specializing both $t=1$ and $q=1$ gives the usual Catalan number $C_n$. The Catalan number $C_n$ is known to count the number of $n \times n$ Dyck paths and the number of $312$-avoiding permutations in $S_n$, as well as at least 64 other combinatorial objects. In this paper, we define a bijection between Dyck paths and $312$-avoiding permutations which takes the area statistic $a(\pi)$ on Dyck paths to the inversion statistic on $312$-avoiding permutations. The inversion statistic can be thought of as the number of $(21)$ patterns in a permutation $\sigma$. We give a characterization for the number of $(321)$, $(4321)$, $\dots$, $(k\cdots21)$ patterns that occur in $\sigma$ in terms of the corresponding Dyck path.


Change your company. Change the lives of others. Change the world. An influencer leads change. An influencer replaces bad behaviors with powerful new skills. An influencer makes things happen. This is what it takes to be an influencer. Whether you're a CEO, a parent, or merely a person who wants to make a difference, you probably wish you had more influence with the people in your life. But most of us stop trying to make change happen because we believe it is too difficult, if not impossible. We learn to cope rather than learning to influence. From the bestselling authors who taught the world how to have Crucial Conversations comes the new edition of Influencer, a thought-provoking book that combines the remarkable insights of behavioral scientists and business leaders with the astonishing stories of high-powered influencers from all walks of life. You'll be taugh teach and every step of the influence process - including robust strategies for making change inevitable in your personal life, your business, and your world. You'll learn how to: identify high-leverage behaviors that lead to rapid and profound change; apply strategies for changing both thoughts and actions; and marshal six sources of influence to make change inevitable. Influencer takes you on a fascinating journey from San Francisco to Thailand to South Africa, where you'll see how seemingly "insignificant" people are making incredibly significant improvements in solving problems others would think impossible. You'll learn how savvy folks make change not only achievable and sustainable, but inevitable. You'll discover breakthrough ways of changing the key behaviors that lead to greater safety, productivity, quality, and customer service. No matter who you are or what you do, you'll never learn a more valuable or important set of principles and skills. Once you tap into the power of influence, you can reach out and help others work smarter, grow faster, live, look, and feel better - and even save lives. The sky is the limit ...for an Influencer. Praise for influencer: "An instant classic! Whether you're leading change or changing your life, this book delivers." (Stephen R. Covey, author of The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People). "Ideas can change the world - but only when coupled with influence - the ability to change hearts, minds, and behavior. This book provides a practical approach to lead change and empower us all to make a difference." (Muhammad Yunus, Nobel Peace Prize Winner). "Influencing human behavior is one of the most difficult challenges faced by leaders. This book provides powerful insight into how to make behavior change that will last." (Sidney Taurel, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Eli Lilly and Company). "If you are truly motivated to make productive changes in your life, don't put down this book until you reach the last page. Whether dealing with a recalcitrant teen, doggedly resistant coworkers, or a personal frustration that 'no one ever wants to hear my view,' Influencer can help guide you in making the changes that put you in the driver's seat." (Deborah Norville, anchor of Inside Edition and bestselling author).


This integral investigation explored phenomenological and neurophysiologic, individual and collective dimensions of Christian Trinitarian meditation experiences in a volunteer, convenience sample of 10 practicing Christians, 6 men and 4 women, with a mean age of 48 years and an age range from 21 to 85 years. Participants meditated for a minimum period of 15 minutes, during which neurophysiologic data in the form of electroencephalographic (EEG), electromyographic (EMG), blood volume pulse (BVP) and respiratory activity were recorded. A phenomenological analysis indicated that the meditation process generally involved a movement from body to mind to spirit as evident in reports of an increasingly relaxed, contented and focused state of consciousness characterised by Christian Trinitarian imagery, wonder, surrender, peace, bliss, openness and formlessness. The neuropsychological findings indicated significant increases, from baseline to meditation recordings, in the alpha and beta range, accompanied by increasing mean trends in the theta and gamma range, and decreasing mean trends in the delta range, EMG, BVP and respiration. Integrative findings indicated the practical theological value of small doses of Christian Trinity meditation to enhance spiritual life for those forms of waking, thinking, conscious behaviour needed in everyday world involvement and healing. Findings were discussed in relation to further integrative investigations and interventions with practical theological implications.


Economics studies the institutions and arrangements that are used to create, protect, and allocate scarce resources that have alternative uses. It advances our understanding of the behavior of individuals, firms, governments and other organizations. Economics' deep intellectual roots, rigorous analytic methods, and powerful ability to explain and evaluate social phenomena make it an exceptionally rewarding field of study.


Throughout history, some books have changed the world. They have transformed the way we see ourselves and each other. They have inspired debate, dissent, war and revolution. They have enlightened, outraged, provoked and comforted. They have enriched lives and destroyed them. Now Penguin brings you the works of the great thinkers, pioneers, radicals and visionaries whose ideas shook civilization, and helped make us who we are.


The hill people and the Mexicans arrived on the same day. It was a Wednesday, early in September 1952. The Cardinals were five games behind the Dodgers with two weeks to go, and the season looked hopeless. The cotton, however, was waist high to my father, almost over my head, and he and my grandfather could be heard before supper whispering words that were seldom heard. It could be a "good crop." Thus begins the new novel from John Grisham, a story inspired by his own childhood in rural Arkansas. The narrator is a seven year old farm boy named Luke Chandler, who lives in the cotton fields with his parents and grandparents in a little house that's never been painted. The Chandlers farm eighty acres that they rent, not own, and when the cotton is ready they hire a truckload of Mexicans and a family from the Ozarks to help harvest it. For six weeks they pick cotton, battling the heat, the rain, the fatigue, and sometimes, each other. As the weeks pass Luke sees and hears things no seven year old could possibly be prepared for, and finds himself keeping secrets that not only threaten the crop but will change the lives of the Chandlers forever. A Painted House is a moving story of one boy's journey from innocence to experience.


A third memoir from the author of the huge international bestsellers Angela's Ashes and 'Tis. In Teacher Man, Frank McCourt details his illustrious, amusing, and sometimes rather bumpy long years as an English teacher in the public high schools of New York City...Frank McCourt arrived in New York as a young, impoverished and idealistic Irish boy - but one who crucially had an American passport, having been born in Brooklyn. He didn't know what he wanted except to stop being hungry and to better himself. On the subway he watched students carrying books. He saw how they read and underlined and wrote things in the margin and he liked the look of this very much. He joined the New York Public Library and every night when he came back from his hotel work he would sit up reading the great novels. Building his confidence and his determination, he talked his way into NYU and gained a literature degree and so began a teaching career that was to last 30 years, working in New York's public high schools. Frank estimates that he probably taught 12,000 children during this time and it is on this relationship between teacher and student that he reflects in 'Teacher Man', the third in his series of memoirs. The New York high school is a restless, noisy and unpredictable place and Frank believes that it was his attempts to control and cajole these thousands of children into learning and achieving something for themselves that turned him into a writer. At least once a day someone would put up their hand and shout 'Mr. McCourt, Mr. McCourt, tell us about Ireland, tell us about how poor you were ...' Through sharing his own life with these kids he learnt the power of narrative storytelling, and out of the invaluable experience of holding 12,000 people's attention came 'Angela's Ashes'. Frank McCourt was a legend in such schools as Stuyvesant High School - long before he became the figure he is now he would receive letters from former students telling him how much his teaching influenced and inspired them - and now in 'Teacher Man' he shares his reminiscences of those 30 years and reveals how they led to his own success with 'Angela's Ashes' and "Tis'.


The Fall 2014 issue of Ploughshares, edited by Percival Everett. Ploughshares, a journal of new writing, is guest-edited serially by prominent writers who explore different personal visions, aesthetics, and literary circles.Acclaimed novelist and short-story writer Percival Everett (Erasure, I Am Not Sidney Poitier) guest-edits this all-fiction issue. As Everett writes in his introduction, the stories "range from so-called mimetic to so-called meta. I do not like such labels and I hope to undermine their use by putting these fine works together." Authors experiment with everything from extensive footnotes to shifting points of view, and narratives run from a husband who can't stop crying (Nick Arvin's "The Crying Man") to a super-sophisticated domestic robot learning the ways of a Japanese family ("I, Kitty," by Karen Tei Yamashita). Featuring stories by Aimee Bender, Richard Bausch, and Edith Pearlman, this issue is an illustration of the adventurousness and variety of the short story in English today.The issue also features Jay Baron Nicorvo's Plan B essay about surfing, and an appreciation of the early work of the poet Robert Duncan.


In this paper, we describe the outreach and engagement movement in the United States and explore the implications of this movement for university continuing education units in Canada. Across the United States, major universities have adopted the vocabulary of "outreach and engagement" to foster a shift in the relationships of those universities with communities and organizations beyond the traditional boundaries of the institution. This vocabulary has its roots in the work of Ernest Boyer (1990, 1996) and the Kellogg Commission on the Future of State and Land-Grant Universities (1999, 2000). In the past decade, many American universities have adopted new leadership and organizational structures to make an operational commitment to outreach and engagement. In Canada, university continuing education units have traditionally been involved in activities that fit within the concept of outreach and engagement, and leaders of such units should consider the implications of the outreach and engagement movement.


This paper introduces a low cost, fast and accessible technology to support the rapid prototyping of functional electronic devices. Central to this approach of 'instant inkjet circuits' is the ability to print highly conductive traces and patterns onto flexible substrates such as paper and plastic films cheaply and quickly. In addition to providing an alternative to breadboarding and conventional printed circuits, we demonstrate how this technique readily supports large area sensors and high frequency applications such as antennas. Unlike existing methods for printing conductive patterns, conductivity emerges within a few seconds without the need for special equipment. We demonstrate that this technique is feasible using commodity inkjet printers and commercially available ink, for an initial investment of around US$300. Having presented this exciting new technology, we explain the tools and techniques we have found useful for the first time. Our main research contribution is to characterize the performance of instant inkjet circuits and illustrate a range of possibilities that are enabled by way of several example applications which we have built. We believe that this technology will be of immediate appeal to researchers in the ubiquitous computing domain, since it supports the fabrication of a variety of functional electronic device prototypes.


With the rapid advancement of technologies, software is gaining its popularity in assisting our daily activities in the last decades. This circumstance causes a rising concerns about a software product with high quality which lead to a question about the justification whether a software product has high quality. Therefore, a numerous of researches and studies had spent a lot of effort in software product quality assessment in order to justify whether the software product(s) under study have satisfactory quality. One of the foremost approaches to assess software product quality is the application of the quality models. For example, quality model ISO 9126. However, the quality models do not provide an explicit way to aggregate the performance of different quality aspects nor handling the various interests raised from different perspective or stakeholders. Although many studies have been conducted to aggregate the different measures of quality attributes, they are still not capable to include the various interests raised by different software product stakeholders. Therefore, some studies have attempted to apply MCDA methods in order to aggregate the measure of quality attributes as the ultimate software product quality and handling the various quality interests. However, they do not provide any rational about their particular choice of MCDA methods. Most of them justify their choice by referring to high popularity of the selected MCDA method. Without studying the suitability of MCDA methods in the application domain of the software product, it is difficult to conclude whether the chosen MCDA methods fit in the intended software engineering discipline. Furthermore, there is no systematic approach available to help other software practitioners in selecting the MCDA method that will be suitable for their needs and constraints in software product quality assessment. This thesis aims to provide the key concepts for an effective selection of suitable MCDA method for the purpose of software product quality assessment. A foremost part of this thesis presents two systematic reviews. The first review illustrates the evaluation of the characteristics of MCDA methods. The second review identifies the major needs and constraints of the software quality assessment potential MCDA method has to consider in order to be used for assessing quality of software products. Based on the results from both systematic reviews, a selection framework named MCDA-SQA framework is formulated. This framework is intended to assist the software practitioners to systematically select and adapt appropriate MCDA method(s) in order to fulfil their quality assessment needs and the respective environmental concerns.


Last year saw the biggest increase in billionaires in history, one more every two days. This huge increase could have ended global extreme poverty seven times over. 82% of all wealth created in the last year went to the top 1%, and nothing went to the bottom 50%. Dangerous, poorly paid work for the many is supporting extreme wealth for the few. Women are in the worst work, and almost all the super-rich are men. Governments must create a more equal society by prioritizing ordinary workers and small-scale food producers instead of the rich and powerful.


The project on Personalisation of Self-service Solutions across On-line Platforms (POSS ON-LINE) focuses on users, clients, and self-service solutions. It is based on the understanding that clients and users are different and have different goals, and that self-service takes place in different contexts, on different platforms, and within different applications and this requires development of complementary approaches and solutions. Traditionally the tools used to predict user behaviour build on users leaving traces of their actions. However, new application and developments for existing applications do not gather traces, and new ways of profiling the user is needed. To digitalise e.g. public services such as TOLD & SKAT to meet citizen's needs is a huge challenge because the user's context has to be taken into account. As the tracking tools are not sufficiently refined (1,4,14) pushing of information to users with the aim of increasing sales, e.g. AMAZON, still leaves much to be wished for. Despite the fact that the user profile, which the system generates, is continuously updated through user's interaction with the system (15), e.g. myyahoo.com. Personalised application may both service the client and the user. The system gathers data about the user, which enables the client to push information to the user. Personalisation enables graphic user interface design that is personalised and relevant to the individual user and invites the user to get access to information with less strain. Personalisation of self-service solutions is promising and IT companies are experiencing an increase in the clients' demands. At the same time the development of solutions moves within a shorter and shorter time span. Hence the process of innovations is paced and there is an increasing need of new ways of looking at the process of development. However, we lack methods to predict user behaviour without having to deal with huge amounts of data and data from both quantitativ data as well as life world observations are required.


This article presents a case study of how the University of Saskatchewan Extension Division developed an action plan to strengthen its research capacity. Its Action Plan outlines 20 actions, organized into five strategic categories: cultivating a productive research climate; promoting faculty development and faculty renewal; engaging in graduate-level teaching and learning; developing research infrastructure and supportive administrative processes; and encouraging and celebrating research excellence. The body of the article contains an abridged version of the Action Plan, with details such as timelines and lines of responsibility removed. Although written for the University of Saskatchewan Extension Division, this plan is pertinent to many university continuing education units across Canada.


The fixed-dose combination of elbasvir (50 mg)/grazoprevir (100 mg) is recommended based on data from the phase 3 CEDGE trial, which assessed the efficacy and safety of this regimen for 12 weeks in treatment-naive adults (genotypes 1, 4, and 6) (Zeuzem, 2015f). Patients were enrolled from 60 centers in 9 countries on 4 continents. Three hundred eighty-two patients (91% of the study cohort) were infected with genotype 1 (50% genotype 1a, 41% genotype 1b). The SVR12 was 92% (144/157) in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1a and 99% (129/131) in those with genotype 1b. Findings from this phase 3 study support earlier phase 2 findings from the C-WORTHY trial in which SVR12 rates of 92% (48/52) and 95% (21/22) were demonstrated among genotype 1a and genotype 1b treatment-naive non-cirrhotic patients, respectively, who received 12 weeks of elbasvir/grazoprevir without ribavirin (Sulkowski, 2015b). The C-WORTHY trial enrolled both HCV-monoinfected and HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.


Despite its substantial theoretical flaws, Dual Federalism - the model of American federalism according to which the field of federal regulation is separated from the field of state regulation in a mutually exclusive (or close thereto) fashion - continues to attract sophisticated adherents, some for instrumental reasons and others on historical grounds. This article debunks the myth that the U.S. Supreme Court was ever committed to a Dual Federalist interpretation of the Commerce Clause from which it subsequently departed. As I argue, prior to the Civil War, the Supreme Court expressly embraced overlapping federal and state regulatory authority with respect to interstate commerce. And, even with respect to the Gilded Age between the Civil War and New Deal, the Court's commitment to Dual Federalism was only nominal. The Court deployed the same terminology in reviewing federal and state commercial regulations and taxes, but its application of the doctrinal rules and its understanding of the underlying theoretical basis for the rules differed substantially depending upon whether it was federal or state action at issue. Understanding the Court's rejection of Dual Federalism and the underlying reasons for it fatally undermines the historical argument for a return to Dual Federalism. At the same time, appreciating the full, nuanced-filled history of the Court's Commerce Clause jurisprudence provides some much needed historical context for assessing the current Court's preoccupation with federalism.


As part of a 3-wk intersession workshop funded by a National Science Foundation Expeditions in Computing award, 15 undergraduate students from the City University of New York(1) collaborated on a study aimed at characterizing the voltage dynamics and arrhythmogenic behavior of cardiac cells for a broad range of physiologically relevant conditions using an in silico model. The primary goal of the workshop was to cultivate student interest in computational modeling and analysis of complex systems by introducing them through lectures and laboratory activities to current research in cardiac modeling and by engaging them in a hands-on research experience. The success of the workshop lay in the exposure of the students to active researchers and experts in their fields, the use of hands-on activities to communicate important concepts, active engagement of the students in research, and explanations of the significance of results as the students generated them. The workshop content addressed how spiral waves of electrical activity are initiated in the heart and how different parameter values affect the dynamics of these reentrant waves. Spiral waves are clinically associated with tachycardia, when the waves remain stable, and with fibrillation, when the waves exhibit breakup. All in silico experiments were conducted by simulating a mathematical model of cardiac cells on graphics processing units instead of the standard central processing units of desktop computers. This approach decreased the run time for each simulation to almost real time, thereby allowing the students to quickly analyze and characterize the simulated arrhythmias. Results from these simulations, as well as some of the background and methodology taught during the workshop, is presented in this article along with the programming code and the explanations of simulation results in an effort to allow other teachers and students to perform their own demonstrations, simulations, and studies.


Objective The assessment of response to lithium maintenance treatment in bipolar disorder (BD) is complicated by variable length of treatment, unpredictable clinical course, and often inconsistent compliance. Prospective and retrospective methods of assessment of lithium response have been proposed in the literature. In this study we report the key phenotypic measures of the "Retrospective Criteria of Long-Term Treatment Response in Research Subjects with Bipolar Disorder" scale currently used in the Consortium on Lithium Genetics (ConLiGen) study. Materials and Methods Twenty-nine ConLiGen sites took part in a two-stage case-vignette rating procedure to examine inter-rater agreement [Kappa (κ)] and reliability [intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC)] of lithium response. Annotated first-round vignettes and rating guidelines were circulated to expert research clinicians for training purposes between the two stages. Further, we analyzed the distributional properties of the treatment response scores available for 1,308 patients using mixture modeling. Results Substantial and moderate agreement was shown across sites in the first and second sets of vignettes (κ = 0.66 and κ = 0.54, respectively), without significant improvement from training. However, definition of response using the A score as a quantitative trait and selecting cases with B criteria of 4 or less showed an improvement between the two stages (ICC1 = 0.71 and ICC2 = 0.75, respectively). Mixture modeling of score distribution indicated three subpopulations (full responders, partial responders, non responders). Conclusions We identified two definitions of lithium response, one dichotomous and the other continuous, with moderate to substantial inter-rater agreement and reliability. Accurate phenotypic measurement of lithium response is crucial for the ongoing ConLiGen pharmacogenomic study.


Abstract This note considers the treatment of risk and uncertainty in the recently established 'social cost of carbon' (SCC) for analysis of federal regulations in the United States. It argues that the analysis of the US Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon did not go far enough into the tail of low-probability, high-impact scenarios, and, via its approach to discounting, it mis-estimated climate risk, possibly hugely. Given the uncertainty about estimating the SCC, the note concludes by arguing that there is in fact much to commend an approach whereby a quantitative, long-term emissions target is chosen, and the price of carbon for regulatory impact analysis is then based on estimates of the marginal cost of abatement to achieve that very target.


Intent. The intent of Learned Discourses is to provide a forum for open discussion. These articles reflect the professional opinions of the authors regarding scientific issues. They do not represent SETAC positions or policies. And, although they are subject to editorial review for clarity, consistency, and brevity, these articles are not peer reviewed. The Learned Discourses date from 1996 in the North America SETAC News and, when that publication was replaced by the SETAC Globe, continued there through 2005. The continued success of Learned Discourses depends on our contributors. We encourage timely submissions that will inform and stimulate discussion. We expect that many of the articles will address controversial topics, and promise to give dissenting opinions a chance to be heard. Rules. All submissions must be succinct: no longer than 1000 words, no more than 6 references, and at most one table or figure. Reference format must follow the journal requirement found on the Internet at http:\\www. setacjournals.org. Topics must fall within IEAM's sphere of interest. Submissions. All manuscripts should be sent via email as Word attachments to Peter M Chapman (email@example.com). e: im ly Sien tfic O p in io Learned Discourses Editor Peter M. Chapman Chapema Environmental Strategies Ltd. 1324 West 22nd Avenue North Vancouver, BC V7P2G4 firstname.lastname@example.com


The Caledonian Sunnhordland batholith is composite, ranging in composition from gabbro to granite. The batholith constitutes the main part of the Tysnes Nappe, but granitic rocks which are thought to belong to the same magmatic event also intrude rocks which are at the same tectono-stratigraphic leve) as the Major Bergen Are. The batholith was emplaced in middle/Iate Ordovician-early Silurian times as shown by intrusive relationships with the envelope, and the Rb-Sr whole-rock isochron age of the Håkre Monzogranite at 430 ± 10 Ma. The batholith comprises a number of major granitoid plutons which post date the gabbroic rocks, the latter only superficially treated in the present study. The granitoids have been grouped in two units; the first represented by the Reksteren Granodiorite and the second by the Drøni and Håkre Monzogranites and the Rolvsnes Granodiorite. The Reksteren Granodiorite was emplaced forcefully, gi ving rise to an in tema) compositional banding and mineral fabric. The later granitoids were permitted intrusions, and are little deformed and recrystallized. Mineralogical and limited geochemical data show that the batholith is an I-type complex, and belongs to a cafemic or alumino cafemic association. It was emplaced through continental crust in a tectonic environment of ocean continent convergence. Primary epidote in the granites suggests crystallization at a pressure of 6 kbars, and emplacement was associated with rapid uplift as debris from the granites is abundant in Silurian conglomerates in the area.


The South African government, as part of its efforts to mitigate the effects of the ongoing energy crisis, has proposed that biofuels should form an important part of the country's energy supply. The contribution of liquid biofuels to the national fuel supply is expected to be at least 2% by 2013. The Biofuels Industrial Strategy of the Republic of South Africa of 2007 outlines key incentives for reaching this target and promoting the development of a sustainable biofuels industry. This paper discusses issues relating to this strategy as well as key drivers in biofuel processing with reference to potential impacts on South Africa's rich biological heritage. Our understanding of many of the broader aspects of biofuels needs to be enhanced. We identify key areas where challenges exist, such as the link between technology, conversion processes and feedstock selection. The available and proposed processing technologies have important implications for land use and the use of different non-native plant species as desired feedstocks. South Africa has a long history of planting non-native plant species for commercial purposes, notably for commercial forestry. Valuable lessons can be drawn from this experience on mitigation against potential impacts by considering plausible scenarios and the appropriate management framework and policies. We conceptualise key issues embodied in the biofuels strategy, adapting a framework developed for assessing and quantifying impacts of invasive alien species. In so doing, we provide guidelines for minimising the potential impacts of biofuel projects on biodiversity.


This volume covers current issues, cutting-edge debates and new knowledge on women and sport. The range of topics extends from female coaches and women in sport to sexual harassment, from snowboarders to schoolgirls, and from physical education to football. The aim of this book is to provide an overview of the current debates on gender and sport from a women's perspective, to share new knowledge about important issues, in particular about gender (in)equalities, and to present insights into the causes and effects of the debates and developments in the arena of women's sport. A special focus in all chapters will be on the perspective of change, and backgrounds, reasons and effects of gender arrangements will be analyzed by scholars who made major contributions to the development of a new gender order in sport and society. Other authors are younger scholars with new perspectives and approaches – who represent the new generation of gender researchers.


This thesis aims to analyze the extent to which the concept of cross-border polycentric metropolitan regions (CBPMR) can be applied to the cross-border region "the Greater Region". The concept of CBPMR is rather new since metropolitan regions have not been suspected of existing in cross-border locations until recently, due to the separating function of national borders. This analysis is based on a theoretical discussion of the concepts of cross-border regions, polycentricity and metropolitan regions. The application of the concepts to the Greater Region leads to the result that the core of the region can be defined as a small scale CBPMR. The elaboration of strengths and weaknesses of this regions helps to identify opportunities to develop the small-scale CBPMR as an internationally well known region.


Murielle and Mounir love each other passionately. Ever since he was a boy, the young man has been living with Doctor Pinget who provides him with a comfortable life. When Mounir and Murielle decide to marry and have children, the couple?s dependence on the doctor becomes excessive. Murielle finds herself caught up in an unhealthy emotional climate that insidiously leads the family towards a tragic outcome.


Contrary to the Citizens United validation of a firm's speech rights, and disregarding the possibility that government speech/press regulation could conceivably facilitate the outright regulation of the press, the NLRB recent opinion in Ampersand shrinks a newspaper's First Amendment rights. Although it is possible that press activity plays an important role in public affairs as an antidote to government overreach and abuses of power, the NLRB deploys its power in a way that may threaten the free press. The NLRB's decision in Ampersand fits conveniently, accidentally, or consciously within an arrangement illuminated by the dissent in Citizens United. This arrangement implies that when rights-bearing individuals pool their economic and ideological resources to form a firm that enters into commerce, their constitutional rights do not necessarily remain intact for a variety of public welfare reasons. Whether the latter claim is correct or not, the NLRB's Ampersand opinion materializes as part of a wide-ranging labor movement effort to resuscitate unionization, premised on the thesis that workers' yearning for an effective voice in the governance of their workplace has not waned in the face of union decline.Opposing the NLRB's decision-making in Ampersand, this Article defends Ampersand as a "person" within the meaning of the Constitution; a "person" that is, and ought to be entitled to control the editorial content of its newspaper despite the counterclaims of reporters seeking to organize within the meaning of the NLRA. Lastly, this Article concedes that any defense of speech/press rights for employers must contend with the persistent efforts of labor advocates to diminish what the Constitution appears to protect. This maneuver suggests that speech/press rights are likely to remain contingently unstable in our postmodern world, which teeters between freedom and government coercion.


Last June, the headlines said that the Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Windsor struck down the Defense of Marriage Act. But that is only half true. The Defense of Marriage Act had two important provisions. Section Three defined "marriage" for purposes of federal law as being limited to the union of one man and one woman. It was invalidated in Windsor. But the Act's other section, Section Two, says that states are not required to recognize one another's same-sex marriages. Section Two was not invalidated. But it may be soon. Indeed, the validity of Section Two is a natural question after Windsor. Putting it more generally, the question is whether states are constitutionally required to recognize same-sex marriages that were celebrated elsewhere. One federal court has already answered "yes," relying on Windsor to hold that interstate recognition is constitutionally required: In Obergefell v. Kasich, a federal district judge granted a temporary restraining order requiring the state of Ohio to recognize a marriage between two Ohio men who had briefly traveled to Maryland to marry. (The recognition was for the sad occasion of issuing a death certificate.) And there is more to come. It seems likely that the court will issue a final decision soon enough, and another plaintiff has already been added to the Obergefell suit. Many other courts will soon confront the same question. Windsor does not address this question directly. But the decision contains two different strands of reasoning, one of which supports interstate recognition, and one of which does not. It is not obvious which of these strands is supposed to control. I offer one theory for reconciling them, under which many same-sex couples would have a right to have their marriages recognized, but which argues that the district court's order in Obergefell nonetheless went too far.


Relying on the existing estimates for the production cross sections of mini black holes in models with large extra dimensions, we review strategies for identifying those objects at collider experiments. We further consider a possible stable final state of such black holes and discuss their characteristic signatures.


Journalist, presenter, broadcaster, husband, father, vigorous all-rounder -- Alan Partridge -- a man with a fascinating past and an amazing future. Gregarious and popular, yet Alan's never happier than when relaxing in his own five-bedroom, south-built house with three acres of land and access to a private stream. But who is this mysterious enigma? Alan Gordon Partridge is the best -- and best-loved -- radio presenter in the region. Born into a changing world of rationing, Teddy Boys, apes in space and the launch of ITV, Alan's broadcasting career began as chief DJ of Radio Smile at St. Luke's Hospital in Norwich. After replacing Peter Flint as the presenter of Scout About, he entered the top 8 of BBC sports presenters. But Alan's big break came with his primetime BBC chat show Knowing Me, Knowing You. Sadly, the show battled against poor scheduling, having been put up against News at Ten, then in its heyday. Due to declining ratings, a single catastrophic hitch (the killing of a guest on air) and the dumbing down of network TV, Alan's show was cancelled. Not to be dissuaded, he embraced this opportunity to wind up his production company, leave London and fulfil a lifelong ambition to return to his roots in local radio. Now single, Alan is an intensely private man but he opens up, for the second time, in this candid, entertaining, often deeply emotional -- and of course compelling -- memoir, written entirely in his own words. (Alan quickly dispelled the idea of using a ghost writer. With a grade B English Language O-Level, he knew he was up to the task.) He speaks touchingly about his tragic Toblerone addiction, and the painful moment when unsold copies of his first autobiography, Bouncing Back, were pulped like 'word porridge'. He reveals all about his relationship with his ex-Ukrainian girlfriend, Sonja, with whom he had sex at least twice a day, and the truth about the thick people who make key decisions at the BBC. A literary tour de force, I, Partridge: We Need to Talk About Alan charts the incredible journey of one of our greatest broadcasters.


Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have recently produced record setting performance in language modeling and word-labeling tasks. In the word-labeling task, the RNN is used analogously to the more traditional conditional random field (CRF) to assign a label to each word in an input sequence, and has been shown to significantly outperform CRFs. In contrast to CRFs, RNNs operate in an online fashion to assign labels as soon as a word is seen, rather than after seeing the whole word sequence. In this paper, we show that the performance of an RNN tagger can be significantly improved by incorporating elements of the CRF model; specifically, the explicit modeling of output-label dependencies with transition features, its global sequence-level objective function, and offline decoding. We term the resulting model a "recurrent conditional random field" and demonstrate its effectiveness on the ATIS travel domain dataset and a variety of web-search language understanding datasets.


In many service design projects, co-design is seen as critical to success and a range of benefits are attributed to co-design. In this paper, we present an overview of benefits of co-design in service design projects, in order to help the people involved to articulate more precisely and realistically which benefits to aim for. Based on a literature review and a discussion of three service design projects, we identified three types of benefits: for the service design project; for the service's customers or users; and for the organization(s) involved. These benefits are related to improving the creative process, the service, project management, or longer-term effects. We propose that the people involved in co-design first identify the goals of the service design project and then align their co-design activities, and the associated benefits, to these goals. The paper closes with a brief discussion on the need for developing ways to monitor and evaluate whether the intended benefits are indeed realized, and the need to assess and take into account the costs and risks of co-design.


There are substantial learning gaps across countries on standardized international assessments. In this paper, I use unique child-level panel data from Ethiopia, India, Peru and Vietnam with identical tests administered across these countries to children at 5, 8, 12 and 15 years of age to ask at what ages do gaps between different populations emerge, how they increase or decline over time, and what the proximate determinants of this divergence are. I document that a clear pattern of stochastic dominance is evident at the age of 5 years, prior to school enrolment, with children in Vietnam at the upper end, children in Ethiopia at the lower, and with Peru and India in between. Differences between country samples grow in magnitude at later ages, preserving the country rankings noted at 5 years of age over the entire age range studied. This divergence is only partly explained by home investments and child-specific endowments in a value-added production function approach. The divergence in achievement between Vietnam and the other countries at primary school age is largely explained by the differential productivity of a year of schooling. These findings are confirmed also using an IV approach, using discontinuities in grade completion arising between children born in adjacent months due to country-specific enrolment guidelines.


Soaking up the rays forges a new path for exploring Britain's fickle love of the light by investigating the beginnings of light therapy in the country, from c.1890–1940. Despite rapidly becoming a leading treatment for tuberculosis, rickets and other infections and skin diseases, light therapy was a contentious medical practice. Bodily exposure to light, whether for therapeutic or aesthetic ends, persists as a contested subject to this day: recommended to counter psoriasis and other skin conditions as well as Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) and depression; closely linked to notions of beauty, happiness and well-being, fuelling tourism to sunny locales abroad and the tanning industry at home; and yet with repeated health warnings that it is a dangerous carcinogen. By analysing archival photographs, illustrated medical texts, advertisements, lamps, and goggles and their visual representation of how light acted upon the body, Woloshyn assesses their complicated contribution to the founding of light therapy. Soaking up the rays will appeal to those intrigued by medicine's visual culture, especially academics and students of the histories of art and visual culture, material cultures, medicine, science and technology, and popular culture.


It is my pleasure to introduce this electronic newsletter of the Tulane University School of Science and Engineering. In this quarterly communication, we will highlight the extraordinary accomplishments of the school's students and faculty and will update you on school activities and events. In addition, each issue will include feature articles about Tulane science and engineering alumni, benefactors, and members of the school's faculty and staff.


Discussing the key issues of modern warfare, Hew Strachan's work examines the theory and practice of land warfare in Europe since 1700. Looking at warfare in the context of social and political change, Dr. Strachan interprets his subject matter as widely as possible, and European Armies and the Conduct of War considers the roles of air power and the impact of the United States on European military developments. Through the eyes of the major theorists of the day, European Armies examines: * how the social and political influences which shape armies, also mould the attitude of those armies to warfare * the story of techicnal innovation * the mounting pace of industrialization and its impact of warfare. Recent military history has tended to focus on the relationship between armies and society and there has been much original research on the subject of the conduct of war. This book brings these approaches together, providing information and insight vital to the study of this fascinating era.


Transformation entails meaningful change. In South Africa (as is increasingly the case in Europe and elsewhere), such change hinges on interaction and communication between citizens of different cultures, ethnicities and languages. Where the inability to speak the others' language(s) can inhibit real interaction and genuine communication, choral singing proffers unique opportunities for shared communicative experiences. In 2005, Dr Steve Booysen, then Group Chief Executive of the Absa Group, initiated an internal choir festival as a platform for social interaction and teambuilding for staff across all cultures, age groups and post levels in the bank. Booysen envisaged the choir project as a means of moral support during the Absa–Barclays merger. This article reports on the results of a Doctoral investigation into the extramusical benefits of this project for Absa, such as transformation and teambuilding. Choral singing as social capital is discussed. The Absa choir project can serve as a microcosm of larger multicultural, multilingual macrocosms. The benefits attained through communal singing in this project may also hold possibilities for attaining unity in diversity in South Africa.


BACKGROUND
Amplification and activating mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) oncogene are molecular hallmarks of glioblastomas. We hypothesized that deletion of NFKBIA (encoding nuclear factor of κ-light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor-α), an inhibitor of the EGFR-signaling pathway, promotes tumorigenesis in glioblastomas that do not have alterations of EGFR.

METHODS
We analyzed 790 human glioblastomas for deletions, mutations, or expression of NFKBIA and EGFR. We studied the tumor-suppressor activity of NFKBIA in tumor-cell culture. We compared the molecular results with the outcome of glioblastoma in 570 affected persons.

RESULTS
NFKBIA is often deleted but not mutated in glioblastomas; most deletions occur in nonclassical subtypes of the disease. Deletion of NFKBIA and amplification of EGFR show a pattern of mutual exclusivity. Restoration of the expression of NFKBIA attenuated the malignant phenotype and increased the vulnerability to chemotherapy of cells cultured from tumors with NFKBIA deletion; it also reduced the viability of cells with EGFR amplification but not of cells with normal gene dosages of both NFKBIA and EGFR. Deletion and low expression of NFKBIA were associated with unfavorable outcomes. Patients who had tumors with NFKBIA deletion had outcomes that were similar to those in patients with tumors harboring EGFR amplification. These outcomes were poor as compared with the outcomes in patients with tumors that had normal gene dosages of NFKBIA and EGFR. A two-gene model that was based on expression of NFKBIA and O(6)-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase was strongly associated with the clinical course of the disease.

CONCLUSIONS
Deletion of NFKBIA has an effect that is similar to the effect of EGFR amplification in the pathogenesis of glioblastoma and is associated with comparatively short survival.


Admissible heuristics are critical for effective domain-independent planning when optimal solutions must be guaranteed. Two useful heuristics are the hm heuristics, which generalize the reachability heuristic underlying the planning graph, and pattern database heuristics. These heuristics, however, have serious limitations: reachability heuristics capture only the cost of critical paths in a relaxed problem, ignoring the cost of other relevant paths, while PDB heuristics, additive or not, cannot accommodate too many variables in patterns, and methods for automatically selecting patterns that produce good estimates are not known.

We introduce two refinements of these heuristics: First, the additive hm heuristic which yields an admissible sum of hm heuristics using a partitioning of the set of actions. Second, the constrained PDB heuristic which uses constraints from the original problem to strengthen the lower bounds obtained from abstractions.

The new heuristics depend on the way the actions or problem variables are partitioned. We advance methods for automatically deriving additive hm and PDB heuristics from STRIPS encodings. Evaluation shows improvement over existing heuristics in several domains, although, not surprisingly, no heuristic dominates all the others over all domains.


In our contribution to this special issue focusing on advances in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research since the centennial, we will briefly review some of our own studies applying magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of function and connectivity for characterization of genetic contributions to the neuropathology of AD and as candidate biomarkers. We review how functional MRI during both memory encoding and at rest is able to define APOE4 genotype-dependent physiological changes decades before potential development of AD and demonstrate changes distinct from those with healthy aging. More generally, imaging provides a powerful quantitative measure of phenotype for understanding associations arising from whole genome studies in AD. Structural connectivity measures derived from diffusion tensor MRI (DTI) methods offer additional markers of neuropathology arising from the secondary changes in axonal caliber and myelination that accompany decreased neuronal activity and neurodegeneration. We illustrate applications of DTI for more finely mapping neurodegenerative changes with AD in the thalamus in vivo and for defining neuropathological changes in the white matter itself. The latter efforts have highlighted how sensitivity to the neuropathology can be enhanced by using more specific DTI measures and interpreting them relative to knowledge of local white matter anatomy in the healthy brain. Together, our studies and related work are helping to establish the exciting potential of a new range of MRI methods as neuropathological measures and as biomarkers of disease progression.


The legal literature on the subject of originalism and affirmative action asserts two propositions: that originalism strongly supports the constitutionality of affirmative action and that the two originalist justices – Justices Scalia and Thomas – appear to be hypocrites for holding that the Constitution forbids government affirmative action. These claims are made by various leading scholars, including Cass Sunstein and Jed Rubenfeld. This Article challenges these claims. First, I argue that the Constitution's original meaning does not plainly establish that state affirmative action is constitutional. Instead, there is, at the least, a reasonable argument to be made that such affirmative action is unconstitutional. In fact, based on the available evidence, I believe that the case for concluding that the 14th Amendment's original meaning prohibits affirmative action as to laws within its scope is stronger than the case for concluding that it allows affirmative action. Second, because there is at least a reasonable argument for their position, I argue that the originalist justices are not being inconsistent or hypocritical by supporting a colorblind Constitution. I do argue, however, that the originalist justices should have explained how an originalist methodology could yield the colorblind constitution. The claim that the original meaning supports affirmative action is based on a set of federal statutes passed at the time of the 14th Amendment that are thought to provide race based benefits to blacks. I argue, however, that these statutes do not provide strong evidence that the 14th Amendment allows such race based benefits. These were federal statutes that were not governed by the 14th Amendment and therefore were not directly informative of its meaning. Moreover, most of these statutes, and perhaps virtually all of them, are not necessarily best interpreted as providing race based benefits. In addition to arguing that the evidence for the constitutionality of affirmative action under the 14th Amendment's original meaning is weak, the Article also contends that there is relatively substantial originalist evidence in favor of the colorblind Constitution. The Article explores two leading and representative theories of the original meaning of the equality component of the 14th Amendment – John Harrison's interpretation of the Privileges or Immunities Clause and Michelle Saunders's interpretation of the Equal Protection Clause – to show that they are reasonably interpreted to support the colorblind Constitution.


This comprehensive research report has been developed as a fundamental resource for providing Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) managers with a better understanding of the current wireless environment that can guide future decisions on mobile communications. The background histories and conclusions developed as a result of this research should prove valuable in helping the WSDOT to make wise choices when investing in wireless technologies. This research project has consisted primarily of a comprehensive literature review of wireless communications technologies to establish an historical backdrop outlining the growth of today's mobile communications systems, while also describing the current state of the art. This extensive literature review has been supplemented by personal interviews with industry representatives and WSDOT officials.


Job satisfaction is one of the most widely discussed issues in organizational behavior, personnel and human resource management and organizational management. As teaching does require a great deal of thoroughness and commitment, so in teaching it is more important to have mental commitment and loyalty than physical presence. In this study the researchers investigated the present level of job satisfaction among the faculty members of private universities of tertiary level in Bangladesh. Based on a survey, it attempts to gain insights into the satisfaction levels from the perspective of the private university teachers. The study concluded with the facts that faculty members are overall satisfied with their present condition, except the factors like- training facilities, and some physical facilities and distribution of courses. Further it has been found that there is no significant difference between male and female faculty members regarding job satisfaction. As the job itself is not gender bias by nature so it does not play a crucial role for female faculty members while working under masculine culture. The researchers summed up with view that universities may give more attention to motivate and maintain these human resources to make them more contented and to make the most of their effort by ensuring overall excellence of organization.


Chamber-based estimates ofsoil-to-atmosphere nitrous oxide (N 2 O) gas flux tend to underestimate actual emission rates due to inherently nonlinear time series data. In theory, this limitation can be minimized by adjusting measurement conditions to reduce nonlinearity and/or by using flux-calculation (FC) schemes that account for the so-called "chamber effect." The current study utilizes gas transport theory and stochastic analysis to evaluate accuracy and precision of N 2 O flux determinations under specific soil and chamber conditions. The analysis demonstrates that measures taken to increase the absolute accuracy of flux estimates, including shorter deployment times, larger chamber heights, and nonlinear FC schemes, will also increase the variance in flux estimates to an extent that depends on errors associated with sampling techniques and analytical instrument performance. These effects, in the absence of any actual variation in fluxes, can generate coefficients of variation ranging from 3 to 70% depending on measurement conditions. It is also shown that nonlinear FC schemes are prone to generating positively skewed distributions. These effects decrease confidence in N 2 O flux estimates and inhibit the detection of differences arising from experimental factors. In general, a linear FC scheme will be more likely to detect relative differences in fluxes, although less accurate in absolute terms than nonlinear schemes. The techniques described here have been codified into an accessible spreadsheet-based tool for evaluating accuracy and precision trade-offs under specific measurement conditions.


Since Dont Make Me Think was first published in 2000, hundreds of thousands of Web designers and developers have relied on usability guru Steve Krugs guide to help them understand the principles of intuitive navigation and information design. Witty, commonsensical, and eminently practical, its one of the best-loved and most recommended books on the subject. Now Steve returns with fresh perspective to reexamine the principles that made Dont Make Me Think a classicwith updated examples and a new chapter on mobile usability. And its still short, profusely illustratedand best of allfun to read. If youve read it before, youll rediscover what made Dont Make Me Think so essential to Web designers and developers around the world. If youve never read it, youll see why so many people have said it should be required reading for anyone working on Web sites. After reading it over a couple of hours and putting its ideas to work for the past five years, I can say it has done more to improve my abilities as a Web designer than any other book.Jeffrey Zeldman, author of Designing with Web Standards


With our society moving towards Industry 4.0, an increasing number of tasks and procedures in manual workplaces are augmented with a digital component. While the research area of Internet-of-Things focuses on combining physical objects with their digital counterpart, the question arises how the interface to human workers should be designed in such Industry 4.0 environments. The project motionEAP focuses on using Augmented Reality for creating an interface between workers and digital products in interactive workplace scenarios. In this paper, we summarize the work that has been done in the motionEAP project over the run-time of 4 years. Further, we provide guidelines for creating interactive workplaces using Augmented Reality, based on the experience we gained. ACM Classification


Foreword by Kent Beck "The authors of this book have led a revolution in the craft of programming by controlling the environment in which software grows. --Ward Cunningham At last, a book suffused with code that exposes the deep symbiosis between TDD and OOD. This one's a keeper. --Robert C. Martin If you want to be an expert in the state of the art in TDD, you need to understand the ideas in this book.--Michael Feathers Test-Driven Development (TDD) is now an established technique for delivering better software faster. TDD is based on a simple idea: Write tests for your code before you write the code itself. However, this "simple" idea takes skill and judgment to do well. Now there's a practical guide to TDD that takes you beyond the basic concepts. Drawing on a decade of experience building real-world systems, two TDD pioneers show how to let tests guide your development and grow software that is coherent, reliable, and maintainable. Steve Freeman and Nat Pryce describe the processes they use, the design principles they strive to achieve, and some of the tools that help them get the job done. Through an extended worked example, youll learn how TDD works at multiple levels, using tests to drive the features and the object-oriented structure of the code, and using Mock Objects to discover and then describe relationships between objects. Along the way, the book systematically addresses challenges that development teams encounter with TDD--from integrating TDD into your processes to testing your most difficult features. Coverage includes Implementing TDD effectively: getting started, and maintaining your momentum throughout the project Creating cleaner, more expressive, more sustainable code Using tests to stay relentlessly focused on sustaining quality Understanding how TDD, Mock Objects, and Object-Oriented Design come together in the context of a real software development project Using Mock Objects to guide object-oriented designs Succeeding where TDD is difficult: managing complex test data, and testing persistence and concurrency


Understanding principles of the emergence of drug-resistant viruses is critical when using targeted antiviral therapies. The best example of these principles can be gleaned from the study of HIV. Like HIV, HCV is an approximately 9.5 kilobase RNA virus that replicates very rapidly (billions of viruses daily). The production of each new virus is performed by an enzyme that results in 1 to 3 errors per replication cycle, on average. Many of these errors either have no effect on the progeny virus product or result in progeny viruses that are nonreplication competent (ie, dead viruses). For some newly produced viruses, however, the transcription errors result in changes in critical coding regions that may, by chance, change the susceptibility of the virus to 1 or more drugs used to treat the virus. The emergence of such drug-resistant viruses most often occurs when drug levels are subtherapeutic, thereby creating selective pressure for the resistant viruses to emerge as the dominant species. These newly formed resistant viruses have a selective growth advantage that allows them to replicate in the presence of antiviral drugs. In a subset of patients with chronic HCV infection, viral variants harboring substitutions associated with resistance to HCV directing-acting antivirals (DAAs) are detectable prior to antiviral therapy and, particularly in the case of NS5A inhibitor-containing regimens, may negatively impact treatment response. These substitutions often are referred to as baseline resistance-associated substitutions (RASs).


Photograph of a group of young girls posing for the camera in front of a curtain backdrop. They are wearing traditional Danish costumes, which consists of a pointed hat with ribbon attachments, a vest-like bodice tied across their bust, and a tied apron over a full skirt with horizontal stripes running across the bottom of the skirt. On the back row, from left to right, the girls have been identified as Jane Laustrup, Neva Bram, Peggy Bram, Sharon Krag, and Annette Waldman. On the front row, from left to right, they have been identified as Carolyn Lauritsen, Sharon Roberts, Beverly Waldman, and Eleanor Berndt. Hand-written text on the back of the photograph lists their names again, and a secondary, upside down blue line of text reads, "Danish Dancers, Return to Lillian Roberts".


Essential reading to understand patterns for parallel programming Software patterns have revolutionized the way we think about how software is designed, built, and documented, and the design of parallel software requires you to consider other particular design aspects and special skills. From clusters to supercomputers, success heavily depends on the design skills of software developers. Patterns for Parallel Software Design presents a pattern-oriented software architecture approach to parallel software design. This approach is not a design method in the classic sense, but a new way of managing and exploiting existing design knowledge for designing parallel programs. Moreover, such approaches enhance not only build-time properties of parallel systems, but also, and particularly, their run-time properties. Features known solutions in concurrent and distributed programming, applied to the development of parallel programs Provides architectural patterns that describe how to divide an algorithm and/or data to find a suitable partition and link it with a programming structure that allows for such a division Presents an architectural point of view and explains the development of parallel software Patterns for Parallel Software Design will give you the skills you need to develop parallel software.


This inquiry into the technical advances that shaped the 20th century follows the evolutions of all the principal innovations introduced before 1913 (as detailed in the first volume) as well as the origins and elaborations of all fundamental 20th century advances. The history of the 20th century is rooted in amazing technical advances of 1871-1913, but the century differs so remarkably from the preceding 100 years because of several unprecedented combinations. The 20th century had followed on the path defined during the half century preceding the beginning of World War I, but it has traveled along that path at a very different pace, with different ambitions and intents. The new century's developments elevated both the magnitudes of output and the spatial distribution of mass industrial production and to new and, in many ways, virtually incomparable levels. Twentieth century science and engineering conquered and perfected a number of fundamental challenges which remained unresolved before 1913, and which to many critics appeared insoluble. This book is organized in topical chapters dealing with electricity, engines, materials and syntheses, and information techniques. It concludes with an extended examination of contradictory consequences of our admirable technical progress by confronting the accomplishments and perils of systems that brought liberating simplicity as well as overwhelming complexity, that created unprecedented affluence and equally unprecedented economic gaps, that greatly increased both our security and fears as well as our understanding and ignorance, and that provided the means for greater protection of the biosphere while concurrently undermining some of the key biophysical foundations of life on Earth. Transforming the Twentieth Century will offer a wide-ranging interdisciplinary appreciation of the undeniable technical foundations of the modern world as well as a multitude of welcome and worrisome consequences of these developments. It will combine scientific rigor with accessible writing, thoroughly illustrated by a large number of appropriate images that will include historical photographs and revealing charts of long-term trends.


Graduate students in Canadian universities who conduct research with human subjects as part of the requirements for their degree must submit a research proposal to the University Research Ethics Board and receive approval on the basis of compliance with the Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans (1998). This reflexive account of teaching and learning research literacies is based on a participatory research activity that the author has used during graduate students' introduction to a research-based, self-directed graduate program in adult education delivered at a distance. For the purposes of this paper, "research literacies" refers to any research practices that culminate in the writing of a research thesis, taking into account the procedures for compliance with the Tri-Council Policy. The focus of the reflexive account is an experiential classroom innovation with multiple cohorts of graduate students (8-12 students each) in which the faculty advisor as the principal investigator involves the graduate students as research participants in appreciative inquiry into practitioners' ways of writing. This participatory research into practitioner and researcher literacies offers some implications for teaching and learning the ethics of representation throughout the research process up to and including publication.


There is ample literature documenting that, for many decades, high school students view algebra as difficult and do not demonstrate understanding of algebraic concepts. Algebraic reasoning in elementary school aims at meaningfully introducing algebra to elementary school students in preparation for higher-level mathematics. While there is research on elementary school students' algebraic reasoning, there is a scarcity of research on how elementary school teachers implement algebraic reasoning curriculum and how their practices support algebraic reasoning. The purpose of this study therefore was to discover practices that promote algebraic reasoning in elementary classrooms by studying elementary school teachers' practices and algebraic reasoning that the practices co-constructed. Specifically, the questions that guided the study included (a) what were the teachers' routines of practice, and (b) in what ways did the routines of practice support algebraic reasoning. I sampled On Track Learn Math project and worked with six teachers to explore their routines of practice and students' algebraic reasoning. As a participant observer, I analyzed video data of the classroom activities, memos, field notes, students' written transcripts and interview data using constructivist grounded theory approach and descriptive statistics. Member checking, data triangulation, and data coding by multiple raters ensured consistency and trustworthiness of the results. Descriptive analysis of students' written generalizations showed that about 74% of the generalizations were explicit and about 55% of the generalizations included names of variables indicating that students were learning how to reason algebraically. Data analysis also revealed five routines of practice. These routines are; (a) maintaining open-endedness of the tasks, (b) nurturing co-construction of ideas, (c) fostering understanding of variable, (d) creating a context for mathematical connections and (e) promoting understanding of generalizations. Teachers maintained open-endedness by giving minimal instructions when launching the tasks and providing students with workspaces. They nurtured co-construction of ideas by creating opportunities for students to collaborate, fostering collaboration, and balancing the support of discourse and content. They fostered understanding of variable as a changing quantity and as a relationship. Teachers created a context for mathematical connections between On Track tasks and students' everyday experiences, between student strategies, between different tasks, between On Track tasks and other curriculum ideas, and between different representations. Teachers promoted understanding of generalizations by encouraging students to justify their conjectures, to apply and evaluate peers' generalizations among other practices. These practices were dependent and informed each other.


Bowers, Vivien. Hey Canada! . Toronto: Tundra Books, 2012. Print. Born in Vancouver, Canada, Vivien Bowers received her Bachelor of Arts from the University of British Columbia (BC). She has taught at the elementary school level and currently works as a freelance writer in BC and has written for children and adult audiences alike. She has authored elementary and secondary school materials, non-fiction books and magazine articles. Hey Canada! follows Alice, her grandmother, her cousin Cal, and his hamster, simply named 'Hampster', on a car trip across Canada. As the family travels through each province and territory, the reader is introduced to geographic, historical, and culturally significant locations, activities, and foods. As a nod to current technology, the content is narrated from the perspective of seven-year-old Alice, in the form of blog posts with highlight boxes featuring her cousin's tweets sprinkled throughout the book. A map of Canada shows readers the path travelled by Alice, Cal, Grandma and Hampster as they journey from east to west. Hey Canada! presents colourful, cartoon-style illustrations interspersed with photos. The addition of comic strip styled interludes depicting historical events and fun facts make the content engaging and fun to read. Each province and territory is introduced with an illustration of the provincial flower, bird, and an outline of the province with the capital city highlighted. Unfortunately, the provincial flower for Alberta is incorrectly listed as White Trillium instead of Wild Rose, and the Museum of Civilization is described as being located in Ottawa instead of in Hull, Quebec. Hopefully, these errors will be corrected in the next edition. Readers who enjoy Hey Canada! and who are not familiar with the author's earlier books may want to check out Wow Canada! and That's Very Canadian for equally entertaining and informative reading about this country. Recommended: 3 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Maria Tan Maria is a Public Services Librarian at the University of Alberta's H. T. Coutts Education Library. She enjoys travelling and visiting unique and far-flung libraries. An avid foodie, Maria's motto is, "There's really no good reason to stop the flow of snacks".


We study the non-abelian statistics characterizing systems where counter-propagating gapless modes on the edges of fractional quantum Hall states are gapped by proximity-coupling to superconductors and ferromagnets. The most transparent example is that of a fractional quantum spin Hall state, in which electrons of one spin direction occupy a fractional quantum Hall state of $\nu= 1/m$, while electrons of the opposite spin occupy a similar state with $\nu = -1/m$. However, we also propose other examples of such systems, which are easier to realize experimentally. We find that each interface between a region on the edge coupled to a superconductor and a region coupled to a ferromagnet corresponds to a non-abelian anyon of quantum dimension $\sqrt{2m}$. We calculate the unitary transformations that are associated with braiding of these anyons, and show that they are able to realize a richer set of non-abelian representations of the braid group than the set realized by non-abelian anyons based on Majorana fermions. We carry out this calculation both explicitly and by applying general considerations. Finally, we show that topological manipulations with these anyons cannot realize universal quantum computation.