Storage deduplication has received recent interest in the research community. In scenarios where the backup process has to complete within short time windows, inline deduplication can help to achieve higher backup throughput. In such systems, the method of identifying duplicate data, using disk-based indexes on chunk hashes, can create throughput bottlenecks due to disk I/Os involved in index lookups. RAM prefetching and bloom-filter based techniques used by Zhu et al. [42] can avoid disk I/Os on close to 99% of the index lookups. Even at this reduced rate, an index lookup going to disk contributes about 0.1msec to the average lookup time - this is about 1000 times slower than a lookup hitting in RAM. We propose to reduce the penalty of index lookup misses in RAM by orders of magnitude by serving such lookups from a flash-based index, thereby, increasing inline deduplication throughput. Flash memory can reduce the huge gap between RAM and hard disk in terms of both cost and access times and is a suitable choice for this application.

To this end, we design a flash-assisted inline deduplication system using ChunkStash, a chunk metadata store on flash. ChunkStash uses one flash read per chunk lookup and works in concert with RAM prefetching strategies. It organizes chunk metadata in a log-structure on flash to exploit fast sequential writes. It uses an inmemory hash table to index them, with hash collisions resolved by a variant of cuckoo hashing. The in-memory hash table stores (2-byte) compact key signatures instead of full chunk-ids (20-byte SHA-1 hashes) so as to strike tradeoffs between RAM usage and false flash reads. Further, by indexing a small fraction of chunks per container, ChunkStash can reduce RAM usage significantly with negligible loss in deduplication quality. Evaluations using real-world enterprise backup datasets show that ChunkStash outperforms a hard disk index based inline deduplication system by 7x-60x on the metric of backup throughput (MB/sec).


A New York Times bestseller The Great Deformation is a searing look at Washington's craven response to the recent myriad of financial crises and fiscal cliffs. It counters conventional wisdom with an eighty-year revisionist history of how the American state--especially the Federal Reserve--has fallen prey to the politics of crony capitalism and the ideologies of fiscal stimulus, monetary central planning, and financial bailouts. These forces have left the public sector teetering on the edge of political dysfunction and fiscal collapse and have caused America's private enterprise foundation to morph into a speculative casino that swindles the masses and enriches the few. Defying right- and left-wing boxes, David Stockman provides a catalogue of corrupters and defenders of sound money, fiscal rectitude, and free markets. The former includes Franklin Roosevelt, who fathered crony capitalism; Richard Nixon, who destroyed national financial discipline and the Bretton Woods gold-backed dollar; Fed chairmen Greenspan and Bernanke, who fostered our present scourge of bubble finance and addiction to debt and speculation; George W. Bush, who repudiated fiscal rectitude and ballooned the warfare state via senseless wars; and Barack Obama, who revived failed Keynesian "borrow and spend" policies that have driven the national debt to perilous heights. By contrast, the book also traces a parade of statesmen who championed balanced budgets and financial market discipline including Carter Glass, Harry Truman, Dwight Eisenhower, Bill Simon, Paul Volcker, Bill Clinton, and Sheila Bair. Stockman's analysis skewers Keynesian spenders and GOP tax-cutters alike, showing how they converged to bloat the welfare state, perpetuate the military-industrial complex, and deplete the revenue base--even as the Fed's massive money printing allowed politicians to enjoy "deficits without tears." But these policies have also fueled new financial bubbles and favored Wall Street with cheap money and rigged stock and bond markets, while crushing Main Street savers and punishing family budgets with soaring food and energy costs. The Great Deformation explains how we got here and why these warped, crony capitalist policies are an epochal threat to free market prosperity and American political democracy.


Abstract The provision of quality transport services is a prerequisite for the creation of an efficient organization that can meet the expectations and requirements of both the enterprise itself and its customers. From the railway enterprise's point of view, it is necessary to pay attention to the increasingly demanding requirements of its customers in railway passenger transport. This article focuses on identifying defects in rail transport processes that negatively affect ordinary operations. One of the most serious bottlenecks affecting railway transport reliability is the train delay, which fundamentally affects the perception of railway transport. At the same time, it emphasizes the need to apply individual tools according to the DMAIC cycle in order to achieve continuous improvement. The aim of the implemented Six Sigma methodology in railway enterprise is disciplined application of statistical problem-solving tools to recognize the gaps in the transport process and set out individual steps for their gradual removal.


We investigate the Laplacian eigenvalues of a random graph $G(n,\vec d)$ with a given expected degree distribution $\vec d$. The main result is that w.h.p. $G(n,\vec d)$ has a large subgraph core$(G(n,\vec d))$ such that the spectral gap of the normalized Laplacian of core$(G(n,\vec d))$ is $\geq1-c_0\bar d_{\min}^{-1/2}$ with high probability; here $c_0>0$ is a constant, and $\bar d_{\min}$ signifies the minimum expected degree. The result in particular applies to sparse graphs with $\bar d_{\min}=O(1)$ as $n\rightarrow\infty$. The present paper complements the work of Chung, Lu, and Vu [Internet Mathematics 1 , 2003].


When Jefferson acquired the Louisiana Territory, he envisioned an "empire for liberty" populated by self-sufficient white farmers. Cleared of Native Americans and the remnants of European empires by Andrew Jackson, the Mississippi Valley was transformed instead into a booming capitalist economy commanded by wealthy planters, powered by steam engines, and dependent on the coerced labor of slaves. River of Dark Dreams places the Cotton Kingdom at the center of worldwide webs of exchange and exploitation that extended across oceans and drove an insatiable hunger for new lands. This bold reaccounting dramatically alters our understanding of American slavery and its role in U.S. expansionism, global capitalism, and the upcoming Civil War. Walter Johnson deftly traces the connections between the planters' pro-slavery ideology, Atlantic commodity markets, and Southern schemes for global ascendency. Using slave narratives, popular literature, legal records, and personal correspondence, he recreates the harrowing details of daily life under cotton's dark dominion. We meet the confidence men and gamblers who made the Valley shimmer with promise, the slave dealers, steamboat captains, and merchants who supplied the markets, the planters who wrung their civilization out of the minds and bodies of their human property, and the true believers who threatened the Union by trying to expand the Cotton Kingdom on a global scale. But at the center of the story Johnson tells are the enslaved people who pulled down the forests, planted the fields, picked the cotton--who labored, suffered, and resisted on the dark underside of the American dream.


"Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) has been viewed to be a potential precursor for further behavior problems, particularly Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Because not every child with AD/HD develops this condition, factors may be present that protect these individuals who are at risk. The role of protective factors in the AD/HD population has largely been overlooked by prior research. The current study explored risk and protective factors that influence an ODD outcome within an AD/HD population. An ethnically mixed clinical sample of 60 boys (mean age = 9.3 years) and their mothers served as participants. As expected, both risk and protective factors emerged as significant predictors of oppositional-defiant behavior. Consistent with prior research on parenting style, a higher level of corporal punishment was associated with higher levels oppositional-defiant behaviors, whereas higher levels of child adaptability, intrapersonal skills, and involvement in family/community were associated with low levels of these behaviors. Categorical analysis found that impulsive symptoms served as a risk factor and child adaptability and intrapersonal skills served as protective factors, predicting with 85% accuracy which children had a co-occurring diagnosis of ODD and which did not. This study provides evidence for the importance of examining both risk and protective factors in a clinical AD/HD population with respect to comorbid disruptive behavior disorders. Implications for the assessment and treatment of children with AD/HD were discussed."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.


In this paper we introduce an efficient and stable implicit SPH method for the physically-based simulation of incompressible fluids. In the area of computer graphics the most efficient SPH approaches focus solely on the correction of the density error to prevent volume compression. However, the continuity equation for incompressible flow also demands a divergence-free velocity field which is neglected by most methods. Although a few methods consider velocity divergence, they are either slow or have a perceivable density fluctuation. Our novel method uses an efficient combination of two pressure solvers which enforce low volume compression (below 0.01%) and a divergence-free velocity field. This can be seen as enforcing incompressibility both on position level and velocity level. The first part is essential for realistic physical behavior while the divergence-free state increases the stability significantly and reduces the number of solver iterations. Moreover, it allows larger time steps which yields a considerable performance gain since particle neighborhoods have to be updated less frequently. Therefore, our divergence-free SPH (DFSPH) approach is significantly faster and more stable than current state-of-the-art SPH methods for incompressible fluids. We demonstrate this in simulations with millions of fast moving particles.


Though the Bible is a product of West Asia, its influence on Europe and the Americas has received far more attention than its complex career in the East. R. S. Sugirtharajah corrects this imbalance with an expansive new study of Asia's subversive and idiosyncratic relationship with the Bible. This is the story of missionaries, imperialists, exegetes, reformers, and nationalists who molded Biblical texts according to their own needs in order to influence religion, politics, and daily life from India to China. When the Bible reached east and south Asia in the third century CE, its Christian scriptures already bore traces of Asian commodities and Indian moral stories. In China, the Bible merged with the teachings of Buddha and Lao Tzu to produce the Jesus Sutras. As he recounts the history of how Christianity was influenced by other Asian religions, Sugirtharajah deftly highlights the controversial issue of Buddhist and Vedic influence on Biblical religion. Once used to justify European rule in Asia, the Bible has also served to promote the spiritual salvation of women, outcasts, and untouchables. The Bible has left a literary mark on Asia in two ways: through its influence on Asian writers and through the reinvigoration of modern Asian vernaculars when proselytizing missionaries introduced Western print culture to the East.


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While many transnational histories of the nuclear arms race have been written, Kate Brown provides the first definitive account of the great plutonium disasters of the United States and the Soviet Union. In Plutopia, Brown draws on official records and dozens of interviews to tell the extraordinary stories of Richland, Washington and Ozersk, Russia-the first two cities in the world to produce plutonium. To contain secrets, American and Soviet leaders created plutopias--communities of nuclear families living in highly-subsidized, limited-access atomic cities. Fully employed and medically monitored, the residents of Richland and Ozersk enjoyed all the pleasures of consumer society, while nearby, migrants, prisoners, and soldiers were banned from plutopia--they lived in temporary "staging grounds" and often performed the most dangerous work at the plant. Brown shows that the plants' segregation of permanent and temporary workers and of nuclear and non-nuclear zones created a bubble of immunity, where dumps and accidents were glossed over and plant managers freely embezzled and polluted. In four decades, the Hanford plant near Richland and the Maiak plant near Ozersk each issued at least 200 million curies of radioactive isotopes into the surrounding environment--equaling four Chernobyls--laying waste to hundreds of square miles and contaminating rivers, fields, forests, and food supplies. Because of the decades of secrecy, downwind and downriver neighbors of the plutonium plants had difficulty proving what they suspected, that the rash of illnesses, cancers, and birth defects in their communities were caused by the plants' radioactive emissions. Plutopia was successful because in its zoned-off isolation it appeared to deliver the promises of the American dream and Soviet communism; in reality, it concealed disasters that remain highly unstable and threatening today. An untold and profoundly important piece of Cold War history, Plutopia invites readers to consider the nuclear footprint left by the arms race and the enormous price of paying for it.


The book covers a wide range of topics, yet essential, in Computational Finance (CF), understood as a mix of Finance, Computational Statistics, and Mathematics of Finance. In that regard it is unique in its kind, for it touches upon the basic principles of all three main components of CF, with hands-on examples for programming models in R. Thus, the first chapter gives an introduction to the Principles of Corporate Finance: the markets of stock and options, valuation and economic theory, framed within Computation and Information Theory (e.g. the famous Efficient Market Hypothesis is stated in terms of computational complexity, a new perspective). Chapters 2 and 3 give the necessary tools of Statistics for analyzing financial time series, it also goes in depth into the concepts of correlation, causality and clustering. Chapters 4 and 5 review the most important discrete and continuous models for financial time series. Each model is provided with an example program in R. Chapter 6 covers the essentials of Technical Analysis (TA) and Fundamental Analysis. This chapter is suitable for people outside academics and into the world of financial investments, as a primer in the methods of charting and analysis of value for stocks, as it is done in the financial industry. Moreover, a mathematical foundation to the seemly ad-hoc methods of TA is given, and this is new in a presentation of TA. Chapter 7 reviews the most important heuristics for optimization: simulated annealing, genetic programming, and ant colonies (swarm intelligence) which is material to feed the computer savvy readers. Chapter 8 gives the basic principles of portfolio management, through the mean-variance model, and optimization under different constraints which is a topic of current research in computation, due to its complexity. One important aspect of this chapter is that it teaches how to use the powerful tools for portfolio analysis from the RMetrics R-package. Chapter 9 is a natural continuation of chapter 8 into the new area of research of online portfolio selection. The basic model of the universal portfolio of Cover and approximate methods to computeare alsodescribed.


Iowa State University Extension and Outreach publications in the Iowa State University Digital Repository are made available for historical purposes only. Users are hereby notified that the content may be inaccurate, out of date, incomplete and/or may not meet the needs and requirements of the user. Users should make their own assessment of the information and whether it is suitable for their intended purpose. For current publications and information from Iowa State University Extension and Outreach, please visit http://www.extension.iastate.edu. Recommended Citation


Hailed as the most masterful story ever told of the American civil rights movement, "Parting the Waters" is destined to endure for generations. Moving from the fiery political baptism of Martin Luther King, Jr., to the corridors of Camelot where the Kennedy brothers weighed demands for justice against the deceptions of J. Edgar Hoover, here is a vivid tapestry of America, torn and finally transformed by a revolutionary struggle unequaled since the Civil War. Taylor Branch provides an unsurpassed portrait of King's rise to greatness and illuminates the stunning courage and private conflict, the deals, maneuvers, betrayals, and rivalries that determined history behind closed doors, at boycotts and sit-ins, on bloody freedom rides, and through siege and murder. Epic in scope and impact, Branch's chronicle definitively captures one of the nation's most crucial passages.


For nearly four decades now, t he institutional response to fulfilling the goals of Indigenous cultural revitalization, and addressing the education gap between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal learners, has relied heavily on a theory of cultural discontinuity. While the enacting of Indigenous culture in educational realms is promoted as a solution to uneven outcomes, and as socially just in general, in-depth examinations of the effects of this emphasis tend to be sparse. This paper elucidates one such analysis, in the process offering a representation of a more or less typical group of urban Native youth; in this case, a group desirous of belonging in an Indigenous sense and highly contemplative about what that has meant for them on an everyday basis. The analysis offered here argues for further consideration of existing solutions in the complicated, complex terrain that is Indigenous education. Rather than proceed along a trajectory whereby Indigenous students are understood as 'the problem', resulting in the application of a highly problematic focus on culture, needed at this time is a serious examination of the troublesome realities of cultural fundamentalism and authenticity in Indigenous education, and the manner in which these serve to cover over critical matters concerning race and power.


Any analysis of the syntax of time is based on a paradox: it must include a syntax-based theory of both tense construal and event construal. Yet while time is undimensional, events have a complex spatiotemporal structure that reflects their human participants. How can an event be flattened to fit into the linear time axis? Chomsky's The Minimalist Program, published in 1995, offers a way to address this problem. The studies collected in The Syntax of Time investigate whether problems concerning the construal of tense and aspect can be reduced to syntactic problems for which the basic mechanism and principles of generative grammar already provide solutions.These studies, recent work by leading international scholars in the field, offer varied perspectives on the syntax of tense and the temporal construal of events: models of tense interpretation, construal of verbal forms, temporal aspect versus lexical aspect, the relation between the event and its argument structure, and the interaction of case with aktionsart or tense construal. Advances in the theory of temporal interpretation in the sentence are also applied to the temporal interpretation of nominals.


The mineralogical and chemical characteristics of fulgurites (= natural glasses formed by lightning strikes to the ground) from the southern Central Sahara (Niger) are presented. The fulgurites are indicators of thunderstorms. The northernmost important fulgurite formation in the study area reached up to about 18°N, with decreasing fulgurite concentration from south to north. Their distribution pattern and the relative dating of their formation in relation to landscape history from the Late Pleistocene onwards (e.g., palaeolakes, palaeosols), and to Neolithic settlement reveals their value as palaeoenvironmental indicators. They indicate: (1) local palaeoenvironmental conditions depending on the topographical situation in a complex dune relief; (2) climatic change during the mid-Holocene from northerly rains to southerly rains; and (3) the northernmost limit of important thunderstorms and rainfall activity since this time in the southern Central Sahara.


Independent agencies have long dominated the institutional structure of financial regulation. But after the 2007-08 crisis, this Article argues, the independent agency paradigm is under attack. To monitor financial institutions more thoroughly and address future failures more effectively, the U.S. and other industrialized nations redesigned the framework of financial regulation. Post-2008 laws allocate new powers not to independent bureaucrats, but to elected politicians and their direct appointees. To document this global paradigm shift, the Article examines the laws of fifteen key jurisdictions for international banking: the U.S., the U.K., France, Germany, Japan, Spain, Switzerland, Belgium, Ireland, Italy, Denmark, Canada, Australia, Mexico, and South Korea. This analysis points to a marked increase in the influence of elected politicians over banking. Politicians' new powers extend not only over emergencies, but also over financial institutions' regular operations. Politicians are now at the helm of innovative institutional arrangements, typically in the form of regulatory councils that encompass pre-existing independent agencies. In these councils, supermajority requirements and veto rights designate politicians as the ultimate decision-makers.The Article shows how this paradigm shift resulted from the interplay of factors unique to the 2008 crisis and long run trends. The collapse of institutions in diverse areas of financial activity, including investment banks, insurance companies, and thrifts, created a sense that independent regulators as a class had failed. Concerns about regulatory capture, combined with disillusionment with the markets' potential to self-correct, further undermined confidence in past paradigms. Developments in financial markets attracted great interest from ordinary Americans, who over the last two decades have increasingly relied on the financial system for their pension savings, housing credit, and other investments. Politicians could not remain as distant from financial regulation as in the past. From a normative standpoint, politicians' greater involvement in financial regulation is in line with calls for enhanced presidential control over independent agencies. Scholars have argued that the President's stamp of approval will increase accountability and boost the legitimacy of hard choices, such as bank bailouts. However, greater political involvement might endanger financial stability, this Article argues. Electoral strategizing can influence politicians' bailout choices, as incumbents might be particularly sensitive to upheavals as elections approach. Politicians are also under pressure from groups at ideological extremes, which often express a deep distrust to the financial system. In this climate, financial institutions are likely to lobby politicians more intensely. Thus, the risk of a financial catastrophe may now hinge upon considerations that have little to do with the health of the financial system.


The importance of the "Argentine events" for the weekly March, and especially to the country they hailed from, Uruguay, has been sufficiently recognized (Vior, 2003; Rocca, 2006). Here I am interested in stopping, in a first move in what the end of Peronism have opened for some contributors of the publication. That is, the recovery of relations between Argentina and Uruguay as well as among intellectuals, especially regarding to the possibilities of regional economic integration first and then American. Clearly, what he opened was a paradox defined around what I call here the "question rioplatense": the idea that the Peronism fall would allow recover a historical links with Argentina at the same time served as principal distinction between the cultural characterizations between both countries, especially among intellectuals. In a second move, I'm interested to check if March can be thought as part of the circuit of publications contributed to the reshaping of Argentine intellectual field after the Liberating Revolution.


In this paper, we describe the Barrel Allocator, a scheduling tool developed for day-to-day allocation and management of airlift and tanker resources at the USAF Air Mobility Command (AMC). The system utilizes an incremental and configurable constraint-based search framework to provide a range of automated and semi-automated scheduling capabilities, including generating an initial solution to the fleet assignment problem, selective re-optimization of resource allocations to incorporate new higher priority missions while minimizing solution change, merging of previously planned missions to reduce non-productive flying time, and generation and synchronization of tanker missions to satisfy air refueling requirements. In situations where all mission requirements cannot be met, the system can generate and compare alternative constraint relaxation options. The current, version of Barrel Allocator will go into operational use at AMC as a module of Release 2.0 of AMC's Consolidated Air Mobility Planning System (CAMPS) in early 2000.


Now that harvest of this year's crops is nearly complete in Iowa, it's time to begin planning for the next growing season. For soybeans, that means taking soil samples to determine SCN population densities. Fall is a perfect time to do this.


1. Charity in truth, to which Jesus Christ bore wit ness by his earthly life and especially by his death and resurrection, is the principal driving fo rce behind the authentic development of every person and of all humanity. Love — caritas — is an extraordinary force which leads people to opt for courageous and generous engagemen t in the field of justice and peace. It is a force that has its origin in God, Eternal Love and Absolute Truth. Each person finds his good by adherence to God's plan for him, in order to rea liz it fully: in this plan, he finds his truth, and through adherence to this truth he becomes free (cf. Jn 8:32). To defend the truth, to articulate it with humility and conviction, and to bear witness to it in life are therefore exacting and indispensable forms of charity. Charit y, in fact, "rejoices in the truth" (1 Cor 13:6). All people feel the interior impulse to love authentically: love and truth never abandon them completely, because these are the vocation pla nted by God in the heart and mind of every human person. The search for love and truth i s purified and liberated by Jesus Christ from the impoverishment that our humanity brings to it, and he reveals to us in all its fullness the initiative of love and the plan for true life t hat God has prepared for us. In Christ, charity in truth becomes the Face of his Person, a vocation for us to love our brothers and sisters in the truth of his plan. Indeed, he himself is the Tr uth (cf. Jn 14:6).


UNISA's policy documents state clearly that the Open Distance Learning (ODL) concept aims to bridge the time, geographical, economic, social, educational and communication distance between student and institution, student and academics, student and courseware as well as student and peers. Blended learning and student-centredness remove barriers to effective learning, provide flexibility, and construct learning programmes with the expectation that students can succeed. Student-centredness and blended learning are the main drivers behind the intense evaluation and planned upgrading of the courses taught within the Department of Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology. The student profile showed that our students are indeed a unique group with diverse interests and expectations from the theological courses for which they enrolled. By adjusting the values of the four components of blended learning and using both active and passive learning tools, students can learn course content and develop a core of applicable, transferable skills needed to succeed in the Open Distance Learning environment.


Cybercrime and Espionage provides a wealth of knowledge related to the realities seen in the execution of advanced attacks, their success from the perspective of exploitation and their presence within all industry. This book will educate you on realities of advanced, next generation threats, which take form in a variety ways. The authors, working in conjunction with strategic technology partners have key insights into the realm of what these new threats, dubbed "Subversive Multi-Vector Threats" or 'SMT's. Whether the goal is to acquire and subsequently sell intellectual property from one organization to a competitor or the international black markets, to compromise financial data and systems, or undermine the security posture of a nation state by another nation state or sub-national entity, these threats are real and growing at an alarming pace. Includes detailed analysis and examples of the threats in addition to related anecdotal information Authors' combined backgrounds of security, military, and intelligence, give you distinct and timely insights Presents never-before-published information: identification and analysis of cybercrime and the psychological profiles that accompany them


The present study describes the application of Fischer Tropsch biowaxes as a feedstock in a pilot-scale hydroprocessing unit at operating conditions very similar to industrial size hydrotreating plants of traditional refineries. The project focus on a future coprocessing of biowax/gasoil blends due to produce bio-products derived from lignocellulosic biomass: crack gases, naphtha, kerosene, diesel and a residual product. Hydro-processing plants operating at mild cracking conditions support the production of high amounts in middle distillates at reduced coke formation. Premium bio-diesel and bio-kerosene with excellent cold flow properties are the main objective of the investigations. Various test runs with different hydrotreating catalysts have been conducted due to determine the influence of waxy feedstock on catalyst behavior and product distribution. Depending on the catalyst selected, the fixed bed reactor streamed by hydrogen operates under specified cracking condition defined by the following parameters: reactor temperature, hydrogen pressure and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV). Test runs with selected catalysts - isodewaxing (IDW), hydro-desulphurization (HDS) and the catalytic deparaffination (CDP) catalyst - have been executed at constant process conditions in order to compare the product spectrum and properties of product groups. Highest amounts of bio-diesel and bio-kerosene with excellent cold flow properties can be obtained with the IDW catalyst. This NiW- based catalyst with special additives generates cleaved and reshaped molecular fragments via skeletal isomerisation increasing the isoparaffin content of naphtha and middle distillates. Further investigations with this catalyst type have been executed due to determine the catalyst aging effect in a separate long term test run. The loss of cracking severity during operation of the catalyst can be observed by a steady decline in conversion. Unsaturated hydrocarbons such as olefins and diolefines in the bio-feedstock support the formation of a coke layer on the catalyst surface resulting in reinforced deactivation. As the consequence naphtha and finally the crack gases and the kerosene fraction are shifted to higher molecular fragments increasing the diesel and residue yield. Physicochemical properties of the product groups obtained during the test run vary and especially the cold flow properties from the diesel and kerosene fraction degrade significant. Balancing the conversion decline of the catalyst in operation can be realized by increasing the reactor temperature and the hydrogen pressure, but the effect is time limited.


This report discusses the contested November 28, 2010, presidential election runoff election in Cote d'Ivoire. Laurent Gbagbo and his rival, former Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara, both continue to claim to have won the runoff and to exercise exclusive national executive authority, and to attempt to consolidate their control over state institutions. An increase in armed conflicts in late February 2011, among other indicators, signals the possible outbreak of a renewed civil war. This report discusses these events, as well as U.S. and international efforts to support a peaceful transition in Cote d'Ivoire, which has remained largely divided since the civil war that began in 2002.


IN A CRITIQUE OF MY PAPER ON "GOLD STANDARDS AND THE Real Bills Doctrine in U.S. Monetary Policy†that appeared in Econ Journal Watch (August 2005), Per Hortlund has raised several interesting issues about the Real Bills Doctrine (RBD). As Hortlund observes, my article had two major themes, first, the innocence of the gold standard for the monetary infelicities that caused the Great Contraction of 1929-1933, and, second, the culpability of the RBD for the debacle. Hortlund accepts my defense of the gold standard. However, he finds some arguments to support a case for the RBD, and he raises an important issue concerning the substance of the RBD and its implementation as policy during 1929-1933, part of which I thoroughly accept.


Multi-agent systems (i.e. systems comprising many agents) have been proposed for many Internet and distributed applications. The proposed systems have little or no consideration of the effects of this multi-agent approach on network resources. In this paper, we presented a simulation assessment of the effect of multi-agent systems on network resources. The routing scheme of the agents was formulated based on the travelling salesman problem. Lightweight agent (LWA) controller was modelled using a fuzzy logic toolbox in the MATLAB environment. The performance metrics of bandwidth usage, response time and throughput were used to compare the network resources usage by different groups of LWAs (10 LWAs, 40 LWAs, 100 LWAs, 150 LWAs) during their computational task on the network. Java programs were written for the implementation of lightweight agents in the simulation. The inputs to the system were realised by multiplicative pseudorandom number generation during the simulation. The simulation result analysis was carried out based on the performance metrics stated above for the four groups of agents. Increasing the number of LWAs in a simulated multi-agent system decreased the response time but increased the throughput and the bandwidth usage. All these performance measures should be considered for developing countries with bandwidth shortages, because having too many agents in a multi-agent system could result in bandwidth wastages.


Wildlife feeding has become an integral part of the range of activities offered to protected area visitors. In marine protected areas (MPAs), fish feeding may cause changes in the behavior, and thus the density and distribution, of coastal fish species. We evaluated spatial variability in human-positive fish behavior around the Ustica Island MPA (Italy) and the potential indirect effects of behavioral change on other species. Two mensurative experiments demonstrated that ca. 1/3 of the species present in fish-feeding areas exhibited human-positive behavior, losing instinctive fear in the presence of humans and encircling people in the water even when food was not provided. A manipulative experiment demonstrated that this behavioral response was learned rapidly. Damselfishes were negatively affected by the unnatural aggregation of a labrid species, as these aggregations frequently attacked and destroyed the benthic nests of the damselfish. Thus, fish feeding can have both direct and indirect effects. Therefore the MPA management goals need to be explicitly stated on a case-by-case basis. If the aim of a reserve is only to promote awareness of marine life and the benefits of conservation to the public, activities such as fish feeding may be regarded as desirable, since the human-positive behavior brought about by this activity guarantees a visual spectacle for visitors. Fish-feeding locations, however, cannot be regarded as natural and may reduce the effectiveness of a reserve for scientific research.


The Nature and Destiny of Man issues a vigorous challenge to Western civilization to understand its roots in the faith of the Bible, particularly the Hebraic tradition. The growth, corruption, and purification of the important Western emphases on individuality are insightfully chronicled here. This book is arguably Reinhold Niebuhr's most important work. It offers a sustained articulation of Niebuhr's theological ethics and is considered a landmark in twentieth-century thought. The Library of Theological Ethics series focuses on what it means to think theologically and ethically. It presents a selection of important and otherwise unavailable texts in easily accessible form. Volumes in this series will enable sustained dialogue with predecessors though reflection on classic works in the field.


The focus of this paper is to integrate various perspectives on product architecture modularity into a general framework, and also to propose a way to measure the degree of modularization embedded in product architectures. Various trade-offs between modular and integral product architectures and how components and interfaces influence the degree of modularization are considered. In order to gain a better understanding of product architecture modularity as a strategy, a theoretical framework and propositions are drawn from various academic literature sources. Based on the literature review, the following key elements of product architecture are identified: components (standard and new-to-the-firm), interfaces (standardization and specification), degree of coupling, and substitutability. A mathematical function, termed modularization function, is introduced to measure the degree of modularization embedded in product architectures, by taking the key elements as the main variables. Various managerial and theoretical implications of the modularization function are drawn. For instance, the function can be used as a framework to aid to examine various leveraging forces behind new product development, manufacturing, and supply chain management policies of a firm. The modularization function also allows us to study the implications of modularization from different theoretical perspectives, such as resource-based view of the firm and transaction cost economics. Finally, the application of the modularization function and its limitations are discussed.


A mechanism for locally density-dependent dynamic parton rearrangement and fusion has been implemented into the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) approach. The same mechanism has been previously built in the Quark Gluon String Model (QGSM). This rearrangement and fusion approach based on parton coalescence ideas enables the description of multi-particle interactions, namely 3 ! 3 and 3 ! 2, between (pre)hadronic states in addition to standard binary interactions. The UrQMD model (v2.3) extended by these additional processes allows to investigate implications of multi-particle interactions on the reaction dynamics of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions. The mechanism, its implementation and first results of this investigation are presented and discussed.


While you are at Yale, you will be expected to abide by University policies, including the policies of your school, as well as local, state, and federal laws [1]. Familiarize yourself with these policies, as well as the student code of conduct in your school, to avoid academic, and potentially legal, repercussions. Even innocent violations could have serious consequences for your immigration status.


In the past 30 years, philosophers of tort have performed invaluable work in restoring the concept of a "wrong" to prominence in tort scholarship, and in building a persuasive case that no adequate account of tort can replace the idea of a "wrong" with the idea of a "cost". The structure of tort adjudication, which pits an injured victim against the party allegedly responsible for injuring her, is powerfully explained and justified by the thesis that the plaintiff has a claim for redress against the defendant when and because the defendant has wronged the plaintiff. The competing claim that tort adjudication is a forward looking instrument for minimizing the combined costs of paying for and preventing accidental harms is much more forced and difficult to sustain.Less persuasively, however, modern philosophers of tort have spelled out the general claim that tort is a law of wrongs – and their reciprocal, rights – in the more particular thesis that tort is about the rectification of wrongs. Influential legal philosophers have argued, for example, that "tort law is best explained by corrective justice" because "at its core tort law seeks to repair wrongful losses". Other theorists, marching under the banner of "civil recourse" have argued that the normative essence of tort law lies in the plaintiff's right to demand redress from the defendant. The claim that remedial responsibilities are the core of tort law ought to give us pause. Calling responsibilities of redress the heart of tort law makes tort a remedial institution, an institution whose raison d'etre is repair. Yet in tort law itself remedial responsibilities to repair wrongful losses arise out of failures to discharge antecedent responsibilities not to inflict wrongful injury in the first instance.This paper argues that remedialist accounts of tort are right to place the concept of a wrong – and its reciprocal, a right – at the heart of tort law, but wrong to give those concepts an essentially remedial interpretation. Remedial responsibilities in tort are subordinate, not fundamental. They are logically subordinate because they are conditioned on and arise out of antecedent wrongs. These wrongs are not themselves corrective injustices, but failures to respect rights. Remedial responsibilities are normatively subordinate because the reason why tortfeasors are obligated to undo the harms wrought by their torts is that they have failed to discharge their primary responsibilities to avoid committing those torts in the first place. Breaching those responsibilities leaves them undischarged, and precludes full compliance with those responsibilities. Repairing harm wrongly done is a second-best way of discharging an obligation not to do harm wrongly in the first place.Remedialist theories thus put the cart before the horse. Rights and remedies form a unity but it is a unity in which rights govern remedies: the role of remedies is to enforce and restore rights. We need to reorient tort theory in a way which does justice to remedialist insights about the centrality of rights and wrongs to tort law, but which places primary rights and responsibilities at the center of the subject.


This analysis evaluates CSP with TES in a scenario where California derives 33% of its electricity from renewable energy sources. It uses a commercial grid simulation tool to examine the avoided operational and capacity costs associated with CSP and compares this value to PV and a baseload generation with constant output. Overall, the analysis demonstrates several properties of dispatchable CSP, including the flexibility to generate during periods of high value and avoid generation during periods of lower value. Of note in this analysis is the fact that significant amount of operational value is derived from the provision of reserves in the case where CSP is allowed to provide these services. This analysis also indicates that the 'optimal' configuration of CSP could vary as a function of renewable penetration, and each configuration will need to be evaluated in terms of its ability to provide dispatchable energy, reserves, and firm capacity. The model can be used to investigate additional scenarios involving alternative technology options and generation mixes, applying these scenarios within California or in other regions of interest.


This paper (originally presented as the Harvard Review of Philosophy Annual Guest Lecture in April 2011) explores the challenges involved in stating, characterizing and defending moral absolutes. The first part of the paper looks at the formulation of moral absolutes: must we assume that they are simple, directly prescriptive or prohibitive, not loaded with thick moral terms (as in "Do not kill the innocent"), etc? The paper compares the formulation of moral absolutes with the formulation of legal absolutes. And it considers some philosophical work on the subject, by Anscombe, Hare, Kant, and Finnis. The second part of the paper examines the ways in which moral absolutes – such as the rule against torture – deal with the burden of the humanitarian considerations arrayed against them in e.g. "ticking bomb" hypotheticals. Anxious to confront the best case that can be made against moral absolutes, the author insists that the most powerful challenge is that posed by Jeremy Bentham. Bentham's version of a ticking bomb hypothetical imagined that torturing one person may be the only way to save hundreds of people from being tortured. The challenge of this hypothetical is that each characterization of the awfulness of torture intensifies the stakes on BOTH sides of the dispute. This is the challenge that must be responded to, and the author argues that opponents of torture have made things too easy for themselves in just focusing on how bad (depraved, brutal, violative, etc.) torture really is. In responding to the challenge, the paper indicates a number of possible lines of inquiry – one in particular involving the idea of "tainted goods," i.e. the idea that the goods secured by a forbidden act (such as torture) may have some or part of their value compromised or tainted by the means used to achieve them. This and a number of other lines are explored. Along the way, the paper takes a couple of sly kicks at something called "threshold deontology." But at the end, the discussion is left open and inconclusive, with much more work to be done.


THE CURRENT STUDY ATTEMPTS TO RECOGNISE AN ADEQUATE CLASSIFICATION FOR A SEMI-RIGID BEAM-TO-COLUMN CONNECTION BY INVESTIGATING STRENGTH, STIFFNESS AND DUCTILITY. FOR THIS PURPOSE, AN EXPERIMENTAL TEST WAS CARRIED OUT TO INVESTIGATE THE MOMENT-ROTATION (M-I¸) FEATURES OF FLUSH END-PLATE (FEP) CONNECTIONS INCLUDING VARIABLE PARAMETERS LIKE SIZE AND NUMBER OF BOLTS, THICKNESS OF END-PLATE, AND FINALLY, SIZE OF BEAMS AND COLUMNS. THE INITIAL ELASTIC STIFFNESS AND ULTIMATE MOMENT CAPACITY OF CONNECTIONS WERE DETERMINED BY AN EXTENSIVE ANALYTICAL PROCEDURE FROM THE PROPOSED METHOD PRESCRIBED BY ANSI/AISC 360-10, AND EUROCODE 3 PART 1-8 SPECIFICATIONS. THE BEHAVIOUR OF BEAMS WITH PARTIALLY RESTRAINED OR SEMI-RIGID CONNECTIONS WERE ALSO STUDIED BY INCORPORATING CLASSICAL ANALYSIS METHODS. THE RESULTS CONFIRMED THAT THICKNESS OF THE COLUMN FLANGE AND END-PLATE SUBSTANTIALLY GOVERN OVER THE INITIAL ROTATIONAL STIFFNESS OF OF FLUSH END-PLATE CONNECTIONS. THE RESULTS ALSO CLEARLY SHOWED THAT EC3 PROVIDED A MORE RELIABLE CLASSIFICATION INDEX FOR FLUSH END-PLATE (FEP) CONNECTIONS. THE FINDINGS FROM THIS STUDY MAKE SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE CURRENT LITERATURE AS THE ACTUAL RESPONSE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCH CONNECTIONS ARE NON-LINEAR. THEREFORE, SUCH SEMI-RIGID BEHAVIOUR SHOULD BE USED TO FOR AN ANALYSIS AND DESIGN METHOD.


When a savage creature known only as the Adversary conquered the fabled lands of legends and fairy tales, all of the infamous inhabitants of folklore were forced into exile. Disguised among the normal citizens of modern-day New York, these magical characters have created their own peaceful and secret society within an exclusive luxury apartment building called Fabletown. But when Snow White's party-girl sister, Rose Red, is apparently murdered, it is up to Fabletown's sheriff, a reformed and pardoned Big Bad Wolf, to determine if the killer is Bluebeard, Rose's ex-lover and notorious wife killer, or Jack, her current live-in boyfriend and former beanstalk-climber.


In this paper we consider the location of stops along the edges of an already existing public transportation network, as introduced in [SHLW02]. This can be the introduction of bus stops along some given bus routes, or of railway stations along the tracks in a railway network. The goal is to achieve a maximal covering of given demand points with a minimal number of stops. This bicriterial problem is in general NPhard. We present a finite dominating set yielding an IP-formulation as a bicriterial set covering problem. We use this formulation to observe that along one single straight line the bicriterial stop location problem can be solved in polynomial time and present an efficient solution approach for this case. It can be used as the basis of an algorithm tackling real-world instances.


Doctor | Living With OCD | Resource Guide Screening for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) by Amy Scholten, MPH En Espanol (Spanish Version) The purpose of screening is early diagnosis and treatment. Screening tests are usually administered to people without current symptoms, but who may be at high risk for certain diseases or conditions. There are no screening tests or screening guidelines for obsessive-compulsive disorder. There are some research tools, though, that doctors use when studying OCD symptoms. The Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale, for people aged 14 and older, is commonly used. There is also a version of this scale to be used with children. REFERENCES: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Anxiety Disorders Association of America website. Available at: http://www.adaa.org/ . Accessed September 8, 2008. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). National Institute of Mental Health website. Available at: http://www.nimh.ni... . April 2008. Accessed September 8, 2008. Table of all screening tools and rating scales: obsessive-compulsive disorder detail. Massachusetts General Hospital: School of Psychiatry Program website. Available at: http://www.nimh.ni... . Accessed September 8, 2008. Previous | Next


Are you still the person who lived fifteen, ten or five years ago? Fifteen, ten or five minutes ago? Can you plan for your retirement if the you of thirty years hence is in some sense a different person? What and who is the real you? Does it remain constant over time and place, or is it something much more fragmented and fluid? Is it known to you, or are you as much a mystery to yourself as others are to you?With his usual wit, infectious curiosity and bracing scepticism, Julian Baggini sets out to answer these fundamental and unsettling questions. His fascinating quest draws on the history of philosophy, but also anthropology, sociology, psychology and neurology; he talks to theologians, priests, allegedly reincarnated Lamas, and delves into real-life cases of lost memory, personality disorders and personal transformation; and, candidly and engagingly, he describes his own experiences. After reading The Ego Trick, you will never see yourself in the same way again.


"The Rough Guide to Italy" is the ultimate handbook to one of Europe's most appealing countries. You'll find all the detailed information you need from vaporetto routes in Venice to hole-in-the-wall pizza joints in Naples or the best spot to watch the sunset on the Amalfi coast. From the top draws of Rome and Florence to hidden corners of Friuli or Liguria, this guide will help you make the most of your trip to Italy. Be inspired to go diving in Sardinia, climbing on Mount Etna, windsurfing on Lake Garda or trekking in the Alps or to lie on beaches in Puglia, wine taste in Piemonte or explore ruins in Sicily. Clear detailed listings sections will lead you to great accommodation from swish boutique hotels and quirky B&Bs to idyllic agriturismos and slick city apartments as well as to atmospheric osterie, gourmet restaurants and melt-in-your-mouth ice cream. A full colour introduction helps you plan your trip while readable accounts of Italy's history, art and groundbreaking film industry will help you get the most from your trip. Full colour and with crystal clear maps, "The Rough Guide to Italy" is your essential travel companion. Make the most of your time with "The Rough Guide to Italy".


We model an environment where e-retailers sell similar products and endogenously engage in both brand advertising (to create loyal customers) and price advertising (to attract "shoppers"). In contrast to models where loyalty is exogenous, endogenizing the creation of loyal customers by allowing firms to engage in brand advertising leads to a continuum of symmetric equilibria; however, there is a unique equilibrium in secure strategies, and the set of equilibria converges to this unique equilibrium as the number of potential e-retailers grows arbitrarily large. Price dispersion is a key feature of all of these equilibria, including the limit equilibrium. Branding tightens the range of prices and reduces the value of the price information provided by a comparison site, and this reduces profits for platforms (such as an Internet price comparison site) where firms advertise prices. Data from a leading price comparison site are shown to be consistent with several predictions of the model.


In 1989 Jennifer Johnson was convicted of delivering a controlled substance to a minor. That the minor happened to be Johnson's unborn child made her case all the more complex, controversial, and ultimately, historical. Stephen R. Kandall, a neonatologist and pediatrician, testified as an expert witness on Johnson's behalf. The experience caused him to wonder how one disadvantaged black woman's case became a prosecutorial battlefield in the war on drugs. This book is the product of Kandall's search through the annals of medicine and history to learn how women have fared in this conflict and how drug-dependent women have been treated for the past century and a half.

Kandall's sleuthing uncovers an intriguing and troubling story. Opium, laudanum, and morphine were primary ingredients in the curative "powders" and strengthening "tonics" that physicians freely prescribed and pharmacists dispensed to women a hundred and fifty years ago. Or a woman could easily dose herself with narcotics and alcohol in the readily available form of "patent" medicines sold in every town and touted in popular magazines ("Over a million bottles sold and in every one a cure!"). For the most part unaware of their dangers, women turned to these remedies for "female complaints," such as "womb disease" and "congestion of the ovaries," as well as for "neurasthenia," a widespread but vague nervous malady attributed to women's weaker, more sensitive natures. Not surprisingly, by the latter half of the nineteenth century the majority of America's opiate addicts were women.

The more things change, the more they remain the same: Substance and Shadow shows how, though attitudes and drugs may vary over time--from the laudanum of yesteryear to the heroin of the thirties and forties, the tranquilizers of the fifties, the consciousness-raising or prescription drugs of the sixties, and the ascendance of crack use in the eighties--dependency remains an issue for women. Kandall traces the history of questionable treatment that has followed this trend. From the maintenance clinics of the early twenties to the "federal farms" of mid-century to the detoxification efforts and methadone maintenance that flourished in the wake of the Women's Movement, attempts to treat drug-dependent women have been far from adequate. As he describes current policies that put money into drug interdiction and prisons, but offer little in the way of treatment or hope for women like Jennifer Johnson, Kandall calls our attention to the social and personal costs of demonizing and punishing women addicts rather than trying to improve their circumstances and give them genuine help.


As the world's synchrotrons and X-FELs endeavour to meet the need to analyse ever-smaller protein crystals, there grows a requirement for a new technique to present nano-dimensional samples to the beam for X-ray diffraction experiments.The work presented here details developmental work to reconfigure the nano tweezer technology developed by Optofluidics (PA, USA) for the trapping of nano dimensional protein crystals for X-ray crystallography experiments. The system in its standard configuration is used to trap nano particles for optical microscopy. It uses silicon nitride laser waveguides that bridge a micro fluidic channel. These waveguides contain 180 nm apertures of enabling the system to use biologically compatible 1.6 micron wavelength laser light to trap nano dimensional biological samples. Using conventional laser tweezers, the wavelength required to trap such nano dimensional samples would destroy them. The system in its optical configuration has trapped protein molecules as small as 10 nanometres.


After finding the Court had jurisdiction, Justice Kennedy's majority opinion in United States v. Windsor reached the merits and concluded that the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) was in violation of the Fifth Amendment. In his dissent, Justice Scalia attacked the majority's doctrinal reasoning on the merits as "nonspecific handwaving" that invalidated DOMA "maybe on equal-protection grounds, maybe on substantive due process grounds, and perhaps with some amorphous federalism component playing a role." This Visual Guide is a "doctrinal map" that responds to Scalia's accusation by charting the doctrinal origins of Justice Kennedy's majority opinion. Specifically, the map shows how both equal protection and substantive due process doctrine have contributed to a constitutional jurisprudence that affirms the rights of same-sex couples. Moreover, the map also takes the sting from Justice Scalia's complaints in Windsor that the majority failed to ask under substantive due process whether same-sex marriage was a right "deeply rooted in this Nation's history and tradition" and also failed to clearly articulate a "tier of scrutiny" when considering whether DOMA violated equal protection. As analysis of the opinions represented in the map demonstrates, the Court has long applied tests other than Scalia's when conducting both substantive due process and equal protection review. Indeed, Kennedy's doctrinal approach is consistent with precedent and the particular doctrinal traditions advanced by Justices Douglas, Brennan, and Blackmun. This Visual Guide is a single-page PDF "poster" designed to serve as quick reference and teaching tool.


Over the last two decades, macroecology – the analysis of large-scale, multi-species ecological patterns and processes – has established itself as a major line of biological research. Analyses of statistical links between environmental variables and biotic responses have long and successfully been employed as a main approach, but new developments are due to be utilized. Scanning the horizon of macroecology, we identifi ed four challenges that will probably play a major role in the future. We support our claims by examples and bibliographic analyses. 1) Integrating the past into macroecological analyses, e.g. by using paleontological or phylogenetic information or by applying methods from historical biogeography, will sharpen our understanding of the underlying reasons for contemporary patterns. 2) Explicit consideration of the local processes that lead to the observed larger-scale patterns is necessary to understand the fi ne-grain variability found in nature, and will enable better prediction of future patterns (e.g. under environmental change conditions). 3) Macroecology is dependent on large-scale, high quality data from a broad spectrum of taxa and regions. More available data sources need to be tapped and new, small-grain large-extent data need to be collected. 4) Although macroecology already lead to mainstreaming cuttingedge statistical analysis techniques, we fi nd that more sophisticated methods are needed to account for the biases inherent to sampling at large scale. Bayesian methods may be particularly suitable to address these challenges. To continue the vigorous development of the macroecological research agenda, it is time to address these challenges and to avoid becoming too complacent with current achievements.


Background: Nurses and health care professionals who practice in the global health arena must develop the leadership skills to lead interprofessional teams that direct individual and population-based healthcare, shape health policy, and develop responses to a changing environmental, socioeconomic, and technological landscape. Programs aimed at developing these skills including nurses and health professionals from low and middle resource nations are limited.  Since 2008, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Center on International Nursing at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) has offered a biennial International Nursing and Healthcare Leadership Development Program composed of: a) didactic classes; b) mentorship/coaching; c) health/service organization site visits; and d) cultural enrichment. This paper presents program evaluation data from international participants from South America and Africa (n = 69), UAB students (n = 13), faculty (n = 32), and mentors/coaches (n = 45) from programs held from 2008-2012. Implications for future programs aimed at international nursing and healthcare leadership skill development are discussed. Methods: A mixed methods approach employing investigator-designed surveys at the end of each program was used to collect quantitative and qualitative evaluation data. Questions that guided the program evaluation were: 1) What were participants' perceptions about the extent to which objectives of the leadership classes and overall program were achieved?; 2) What were participants' and faculty mentor/coaches' evaluation of the mentoring/coaching component of the program?; and 3) What were participants' and faculty mentor/coaches' perceptions of program strengths, weaknesses, and need for change? Themes from narrative comments were identified using content analysis procedures and the NVivo9© qualitative data analysis software package. Results: Mean scores on all of the quantitative evaluation items ranged from 3.71-4.9 out of 5 possible points indicating very positive perceptions of the program and agreement that objectives had been achieved. Quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that participants were more satisfied with the mentoring/coaching component of the program than were faculty. The primary challenges identified were time limitations and communication difficulties that included both language and information technology barriers. Participants and faculty agreed that program strengths included program content and organization, the ability for cross-cultural interaction with peers, formulation of personal leadership development plans, and mentor/coach engagement. Suggestions for program improvement were aimed at providing unstructured time to allow participants to explore their host surroundings, providing sufficient breaks between classes and activities, inclusion of problem-based learning such as case study analysis, and more time allotted to mentor/coach engagement. Conclusion: The program has been successful in preparing future leaders in nursing and other health-related disciplines to better meet global health needs. The desire of program participants for more time to engage in a mentoring/coaching relationship and free time to experience the host country surroundings suggests that program length is an important influence in participant satisfaction. Even when increased costs are taken into consideration, a 3-week program duration may be more desirable than a 2-week duration. Because communication barriers contributed to participant and faculty dissatisfaction, care should be taken to ensure a basic level of English fluency for all participants if simultaneous translations services aren't offered is recommended.


Abstract. There is considerable interest in retrieving profiles of aerosol effective radius, total number concentration, and complex refractive index from lidar measurements of extinction and backscatter at several wavelengths. The combination of three backscatter channels plus two extinction channels (3β + 2α) is particularly important since it is believed to be the minimum configuration necessary for the retrieval of aerosol microphysical properties and because the technological readiness of lidar systems permits this configuration on both an airborne and future spaceborne instrument. The second-generation NASA Langley airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-2) has been making 3β + 2α measurements since 2012. The planned NASA Aerosol/Clouds/Ecosystems (ACE) satellite mission also recommends the 3β + 2α combination. Here we develop a deeper understanding of the information content and sensitivities of the 3β + 2α system in terms of aerosol microphysical parameters of interest. We use a retrieval-free methodology to determine the basic sensitivities of the measurements independent of retrieval assumptions and constraints. We calculate information content and uncertainty metrics using tools borrowed from the optimal estimation methodology based on Bayes' theorem, using a simplified forward model look-up table, with no explicit inversion. The forward model is simplified to represent spherical particles, monomodal log-normal size distributions, and wavelength-independent refractive indices. Since we only use the forward model with no retrieval, the given simplified aerosol scenario is applicable as a best case for all existing retrievals in the absence of additional constraints. Retrieval-dependent errors due to mismatch between retrieval assumptions and true atmospheric aerosols are not included in this sensitivity study, and neither are retrieval errors that may be introduced in the inversion process. The choice of a simplified model adds clarity to the understanding of the uncertainties in such retrievals, since it allows for separately assessing the sensitivities and uncertainties of the measurements alone that cannot be corrected by any potential or theoretical improvements to retrieval methodology but must instead be addressed by adding information content. The sensitivity metrics allow for identifying (1) information content of the measurements vs. a priori information; (2) error bars on the retrieved parameters; and (3) potential sources of cross-talk or "compensating" errors wherein different retrieval parameters are not independently captured by the measurements. The results suggest that the 3β + 2α measurement system is underdetermined with respect to the full suite of microphysical parameters considered in this study and that additional information is required, in the form of additional coincident measurements (e.g., sun-photometer or polarimeter) or a priori retrieval constraints. A specific recommendation is given for addressing cross-talk between effective radius and total number concentration.


Fifty years ago the United States Supreme Court issued three landmark decisions recognizing local pretrial publicity and community hostility in a charging venue as extraneous forces that can impact jurors' ability to be constitutionally impartial. It later held that local prejudice can be so incompatible with a defendant's impartial jury rights that a trial in that community violates due process and may require a change in venue. Paradoxically, successful venue challenges under this federal constitutional pretrial publicity standard have become increasingly rare even as the volume, sensationalism, and pervasiveness of media coverage of criminal trials have increased with near-universal television and internet access in the United States. This article tracks the Supreme Court's effort and ultimate failure to develop a coherent jurisprudence addressing the effects of pretrial publicity on juror impartiality in a media-saturated society; an effort that has culminated in a systematic dismantling of the pretrial publicity standard and resulted in a fragmented and highly malleable change of venue jurisprudence under a "totality of the circumstances" test that rarely results in a change of venue, even in the most notorious and highly-publicized of contemporary cases like the prosecution of Jeffrey Skilling for his Enron-related offenses. A few courts and commentators have argued that the extent of the harm caused by a crime in a venue should be an additional factor (along with pretrial publicity) that informs a federal trial court's change of venue analysis under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 21 and/or the constitutional totality of the circumstances inquiry. This article agrees that the pretrial publicity standard does not adequately address the effect of widespread community harm on juror bias. However, it disagrees with the assumption that the Rule 21 inquiry is co-extensive with the constitutional inquiry and that grafting one more normative factor onto an already highly subjective multi-factor test will provide any more protection to the impartial jury rights of high-profile defendants or result in a more coherent change of venue jurisprudence. Rather, this article argues that a deeper problem with the current change of venue standard is that it has displaced common law principles of jury bias that should lead to a different analysis in cases involving contemporary crimes that bear little resemblance to the cases that gave rise to the constitutional change of venue standard. Specifically, crimes that cause or threaten catastrophic harm in the charging venue and create a large victim class in the community of people with a direct interest – pecuniary, emotional, or otherwise – in the outcome of the case. In those cases, this article argues, a natural extension of the common law doctrine of implied juror bias to the community requires a conclusive presumption of community-wide bias warranting a change of venue. Part I of this article discusses common law principles of jury bias. Part II tracks the evolution of the Court's pretrial publicity standard, with a particular focus on the impartial jury/free press concerns that initially drove this jurisprudence, up to its most recent consideration of this area of law in United States v. Skilling. Part III explains why common law principles of implied bias warrant recognizing a conclusive presumption of community-wide bias in a discrete class of modern high-impact cases to fully protect the Sixth Amendment constitutional impartial jury guarantee.


How can America's information technology (IT) industry predict serious labor shortages while at the same time laying off tens of thousands of employees annually? The answer is the industry's flexible labor management system--a flexibility widely regarded as the modus operandi of global capitalism today. Global "Body Shopping" explores how flexibility and uncertainty in the IT labor market are constructed and sustained through concrete human actions.

 Drawing on in-depth field research in southern India and in Australia, and folding an ethnography into a political economy examination, Xiang Biao offers a richly detailed analysis of the India-based global labor management practice known as "body shopping." In this practice, a group of consultants--body shops--in different countries works together to recruit IT workers. Body shops then farm out workers to clients as project-based labor; and upon a project's completion they either place the workers with a different client or "bench" them to await the next placement. Thus, labor is managed globally to serve volatile capital movement.

 Underpinning this practice are unequal socioeconomic relations on multiple levels. While wealth in the New Economy is created in an increasingly abstract manner, everyday realities--stock markets in New York, benched IT workers in Sydney, dowries in Hyderabad, and women and children in Indian villages--sustain this flexibility.


Social contract theory imagines political societies as resting on a fundamental agreement, adopted at a discrete moment in hypothetical time, that binds individual persons together into a polity and sets fundamental rules regarding that polity's structure and powers. Written constitutions, adopted at real moments in historical time, dictating governmental structures, bounding governmental powers, and entrenching individual rights, look temptingly like social contracts reified. Yet something essential is lost in this slippage between social contract theory and the practice of constitutionalism. Contractarian blinders lead us to look for greater individualism, social unity, and coherence of principles than should be expected. Real constitutional orders appropriate, incorporate, and channel the histories and divisions of the societies they govern. Treating them as social contracts flattens and distorts them, making those engagements with the past or with social plurality appear anomalous and encouraging their minimization. Accordingly this article redirects attention to non-contractarian strands within constitutionalism's intellectual inheritance and lived practice.


The current scenario in the education sector of developing countries such as Malaysia is also experiencing the beginning of participation in the exploration and exploitation of e-learning initiatives. Like in many other trends, be it social, economic or political, put forth, particularly from the propagation of ideas of the western countries, developing countries take on to these like wild bush fire. This is also observed in the education sector.  With the advent of cyber technology, one aspect of teaching is starting to take root in the institution of higher education and that is e-learning. This paper attempts to address some of the challenges that have cropped up as far as learning with technology is concerned. The borderless realm of knowledge warrants behavior that may lead to academic dishonesty. To maintain the universal noble values, some actions on the part of the students may precariously endanger the credibility of their assignments, projects and evaluation. To sustain these values for the good of their future, we need to address these challenges and to make known to these students the implications that these behavior create on their study and their future.  The next part of the paper discusses considerations to help curb academic misbehavior in the university. The role taken by the institutions of higher education has to be comprehensive, if not total. It is particularly important that the management of student affairs, the faculty and several other parties be able to see these issues as very serious before the undesirable elements of technology usage sits deeply enrooted in the teaching-learning process. After all, the future of a nation depends on the stewardship of these students when they graduate one day and work in the government or private sectors of the country.


On January 20, 1984, Earl Washington--defended for all of forty minutes by a lawyer who had never tried a death penalty case--was found guilty of rape and murder in the state of Virginia and sentenced to death. After nine years on death row, DNA testing cast doubt on his conviction and saved his life. However, he spent another eight years in prison before more sophisticated DNA technology proved his innocence and convicted the guilty man. DNA exonerations have shattered confidence in the criminal justice system by exposing how often we have convicted the innocent and let the guilty walk free. In this unsettling in-depth analysis, Brandon Garrett examines what went wrong in the cases of the first 250 wrongfully convicted people to be exonerated by DNA testing. Based on trial transcripts, Garrett's investigation into the causes of wrongful convictions reveals larger patterns of incompetence, abuse, and error. Evidence corrupted by suggestive eyewitness procedures, coercive interrogations, unsound and unreliable forensics, shoddy investigative practices, cognitive bias, and poor lawyering illustrates the weaknesses built into our current criminal justice system. Garrett proposes practical reforms that rely more on documented, recorded, and audited evidence, and less on fallible human memory. Very few crimes committed in the United States involve biological evidence that can be tested using DNA. How many unjust convictions are there that we will never discover? Convicting the Innocent makes a powerful case for systemic reforms to improve the accuracy of all criminal cases.


Introduction. Part I: Getting Started with Macrobiotics. Chapter 1: Choosing the Macrobiotic Path to Healthy Living. Chapter 2: Applying Macrobiotic Principles to Your Daily Life. Chapter 3: Applying Macrobiotic Food Principles to Your Daily Diet. Chapter 4: Macro Boot Camp: Basic Training. Chapter 5: Macro Boot Camp: Nutrition in a Nutshell. Chapter 6: Whole Food Templates: Customizing Your Food Plan. Part II: Healing the Macrobiotic Way. Chapter 7: Laying the Groundwork for Macrobiotic Healing. Chapter 8: Macrobiotic Healing from the Inside Out. Chapter 9: Healing Common Diseases and Conditions Macrobiotically. Chapter 10: The Ultimate Recipe for Self-Healing. Part III: Planning and Preparing Your Macrobiotic Adventure. Chapter 11: Transforming Your Current Lifestyle into a Macrobiotic One. Chapter 12: Setting up and Stocking Your Macro-Friendly Kitchen. Chapter 13: Cooking Tips for Macrobiotic Newbies. Part IV: Morning to Evening Recipes: Your Dietary Path to Wellness. Chapter 14: Best Breakfasts and Lip-Smacking Lunches. Chapter 15: Appealing Appetizers to Divine Dinner Recipes. Chapter 16: Delectable Desserts and Beverages. Chapter 17: Making Healthy Restaurant Choices. Part V: The Part of Tens. Chapter 18: Ten Sure-Fire Ways to Handle Your Sweet Tooth. Chapter 19: Ten Tips for Prompt and Permanent Weight Loss. Part VI: Appendixes. Appendix A: Sample Menu for One Week. Appendix B: Macrobiotic Pioneers. Index.


Vertigo and dizziness are conscious symptoms and the disturbances are not disequilibrium or nystagmus but the consciousness of disequilibrium and nystagmus. Thus physical rehabilitation must not only be pointed to resolution of objective disorder but it must be aimed to resolution of subjective consciousness of the disorder itself.
MCS is the achronimus of mechanic , cybernetics and synergetics. We said that to prepare a particular protocol of treatment is necessary to have in mind a particular model of the Equilibrium system.
Under a mechanic point of view we can consider the Equilibrium function as the result of the sum of these reflexes, the contemporary but distinct activation of some or all of these reflexes, according to the need: gaze, standing, walking.
Under a cybernetics point view all the structures, peripheral and central, that contribute to the BOR and BSR constitute a system. A System is a network of different structures interconnected , interacting to reach a common goal. In this case the goal is human balance. The structures that provide the BOR and the BSR consitute the so-called Equilibrium System. Lackner remembered that the so-called vestibular nuclei are real polisensorial relays and that they are not only correlated to the activity of the vestibule. Thus it is uncorrected to define those nuclei as vestibular nuclei. They are true Balance nuclei that act together cerebellum and reticular formations to provide the sub-cortical component of human Equilibrium. Under the neurophysiological point of view the Equilibrium system (ES) is the Vestibular system. In order to reduce misinterpretation we prepose to refer to the Equilibrium System comprehending also the vestibular part of informations and reflexes.
Synergetics model is based on the papers of Haken. He proposed his model to simplify complex functions such as macroeconomics processes, some physics phenomena such as clouds formation
and many other complex phenomena. He proposed that every phenomenon, every function, is the macroscopic result of microscopic arrangements of the components that acts together to produce the phenomenon itself (that is to perform the function). By this point of view a system can be subdivided into different functional levels. Each lower, microscopic, level is directly communicating and interconnected with the upper, macroscopic, level.


This article is a set of reflections on how a modern linguistic ideology of communication produces a fundamental misrecognition of the formation of the modern liberal subject as a naturally communicating subject. I explore the complex features of this misrecognition as a legacy of Cold War procedures of knowledge production about communication and technology to suggest that ethnographies of new technologies of communication unwittingly proliferate presumptions about the ontological integrity of the human prior to communication and prior to the advent of technologies of communication. This dilemma offers an alternative point of departure for the study of new technologies of communication in pursuit of a renewed, critical investigation into the circulation of modern cultural forms of intelligibility.


Abstract. Volatile organic compound (VOC) mixing ratios were measured with two different instruments at the T1 ground site in Mexico City during the Megacity Initiative: Local and Global Research Observations (MILAGRO) campaign in March of 2006. A gas chromatograph with flame ionization detector (GC-FID) quantified 18 light alkanes, alkenes and acetylene while a proton-transfer-reaction ion-trap mass spectrometer (PIT-MS) quantified 12 VOC species including oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and aromatics. A GC separation system was used in conjunction with the PIT-MS (GC-PIT-MS) to evaluate PIT-MS measurements and to aid in the identification of unknown VOCs. The VOC measurements are also compared to simultaneous canister samples and to two independent proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometers (PTR-MS) deployed on a mobile and an airborne platform during MILAGRO. VOC diurnal cycles demonstrate the large influence of vehicle traffic and liquid propane gas (LPG) emissions during the night and photochemical processing during the afternoon. Emission ratios for VOCs and OVOCs relative to CO are derived from early-morning measurements. Average emission ratios for non-oxygenated species relative to CO are on average a factor of ~2 higher than measured for US cities. Emission ratios for OVOCs are estimated and compared to literature values the northeastern US and to tunnel studies in California. Positive matrix factorization analysis (PMF) is used to provide insight into VOC sources and processing. Three PMF factors were distinguished by the analysis including the emissions from vehicles, the use of liquid propane gas and the production of secondary VOCs + long-lived species. Emission ratios to CO calculated from the results of PMF analysis are compared to emission ratios calculated directly from measurements. The total PIT-MS signal is summed to estimate the fraction of identified versus unidentified VOC species.


David Sedaris plays in the snow with his sisters. He goes on vacation with his family. He gets a job selling drinks. He attends his brother's wedding. He mops his sister's floor. He gives directions to a lost traveler. He eats a hamburger. He has his blood sugar tested. It all sounds so normal, doesn't it? In his newest collection of essays, David Sedaris lifts the corner of ordinary life, revealing the absurdity teeming below its surface. His world is alive with obscure desires and hidden motives -- a world where forgiveness is automatic and an argument can be the highest form of love. Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim is another unforgettable collection from one of the wittiest and most original writers at work today.


Primary data is an important source ofinformation for Competitive Intelligence. Traditionally, it has been collected from interviews with stakeholders, talks at conferences and other means of direct interpersonal communication. The role of the Internet in the data collection – if it was used at all – was that of a provider of supplementary secondary data. Here, this approach is challenged and, using three examples of Social Media, it is shown that the Internet can and does provide valuable primary information to the Competitive Intelligence professional. Accordingly, a case is made for a shift of focus in the data collection process.


Abstract This study was designed to examine the effects of using KWL charts strategy on EFL learners' comprehension of culturally unfamiliar texts. For this purpose, forty two intermediate EFL learners were participated in the present study; all participants were female and native speakers of Persian in Bahar Laguage School in Shiraz. The participants were divided into two groups: Group 1 as the experimental group and Group 2 as the control group. Group 1 learned reading sections through using KWL charts and group 2 learned reading in a traditional way (e.g., through questioning and summarizing, etc.). The participants were given a pretest in order to check their reading comprehension before the treatments. After the pretest, group one learned reading sections in their instructional book (Summit 1 A) through employing KWL charts as a prereading strategy. Moreover, group two did not receive any treatment. Then, the posttest was given to the participants to see whether the application of KWL charts had any effect(s) on EFL learners' comprehension. The result of study showed that there was no significant improvement on EFL learners' performances on reading quizzes while using KWL charts and KWL charts did not have any positive effect on Iranian EFL learners' comprehension. The findings of this study can be useful for English teachers, researchers, and learners. The results of this study refer to the importance of reading strategies and their impacts on students' performances in reading classes. Reading strategies can be considered as a means of helping instruction, enhancing students' reading skill, and facilitating collaboration and interaction within class through making beneficial class discussion and sharing new information. Nowadays, reading skill is instructed through outdated tactics in Iran. So, the results of this study offer new and novel tactics for improving teaching method in educational settings such as schools and institutes.


The most common question we get from Shaving 101 readers has always been, "Where do I start?" Having published many reviews of various brushes, razors, blades, and accessories, we easily see how someone taking his first steps in traditional shaving can quickly get overwhelmed with the choice of products on the market today. On the other hand, with the recent resurgence of interest in traditional shaving, many high-quality and economically priced products have appeared. There are more traditional shaving products available today than since the use of the double edge razor tapered off in the 1970s. Rather than focusing on one particular piece of the equation, this article presents an overview of what goes into your first shaving setup and what you need to take into consideration for your own needs.


From the Publisher:
Foreword by Bjarne Stroustrup

Software is generally acknowledged to be the single greatest obstacle preventing mainstream adoption of massively-parallel computing. While sequential applications are routinely ported to platforms ranging from PCs to mainframes, most parallel programs only ever run on one type of machine. One reason for this is that most parallel programming systems have failed to insulate their users from the architectures of the machines on which they have run. Those that have been platform-independent have usually also had poor performance.
Many researchers now believe that object-oriented languages may offer a solution. By hiding the architecture-specific constructs required for high performance inside platform-independent abstractions, parallel object-oriented programming systems may be able to combine the speed of massively-parallel computing with the comfort of sequential programming.
Parallel Programming Using C++ describes fifteen parallel programming systems based on C++, the most popular object-oriented language of today. These systems cover the whole spectrum of parallel programming paradigms, from data parallelism through dataflow and distributed shared memory to message-passing control parallelism.
For the parallel programming community, a common parallel application is discussed in each chapter, as part of the description of the system itself. By comparing the implementations of the polygon overlay problem in each system, the reader can get a better sense of their expressiveness and functionality for a common problem. For the systems community, the chapters contain a discussion of the implementation of the various compilers and runtime systems. In addition to discussing the performance of polygon overlay, several of the contributors also discuss the performance of other, more substantial, applications.
For the research community, the contributors discuss the motivations for and philosophy of their systems. As well, many of the chapters include critiques that complete the research arc by pointing out possible future research directions. Finally, for the object-oriented community, there are many examples of how encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism can be used to control the complexity of developing, debugging, and tuning parallel software.
Scientific and Engineering Computation series


A temporarily occluded object is perceived as persisting through occlusion, emerging as the same unitary object. In the real world, an object's features are also often changing as they become occluded. However, it is unknown how the brain continues to keep track of such dynamic, invisible features, binding them to the correct objects. In a first case study of this question, we found that such featural information (dynamic orientation change) was mentally extrapolated forwards in time (E1). This effect scaled with the speed of the object (E2), occurred for both moving and stationary objects (E3), occurred only during free eye movements (E4), and is an effect of mental transformation (E5). These results demonstrate how the brain tracks a dynamic feature through 'gaps' of visual input. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2015.


Abstract This paper examines the association between the outcome of business incubation and the resources used by incubators, by using a small panel of science and technology business incubators (STBIs) in China. We find that while the number of firms graduating from an STBI is closely correlated with the infrastructure as well as the human and financial resources at the STBI's disposal, the graduates' firm sizes, in terms of employment and value added, as well as their labor productivity are unrelated to such resource inputs. We also find that the educational levels of incubator managers and the financial support given to their clients have significant impacts on the number of graduates. However, the number of graduates does not increase with the scale and diversity of the cities in which their STBIs are located or with the presence of foreign ventures and universities in the locality. We do not find that universitybased and government-established STBIs differ significantly in their incubation performance.


In this thesis the researcher documents the research, design, and evaluation process undertaken to answer the question - how does one balance interaction with and preservation of artifacts within the museum setting? Topics researched in pursuit of the answer to this question include material culture, theories of learning, and preservation. Material culture focuses on the interpretation of artifacts and aided the designer in developing the story each of Dolley Madison's artifacts told within the exhibit. The four theories of learning explored by the designer included stimulus-response, expository-didactic, discovery, and constructivist. These theories served as inspirations for developing an exhibit layout, with a focus on discovery and constructivist theories for the interactive experiences. Preservation theory coupled with knowledge of preservation needs of artifacts within museums assisted the researcher in developing safe environments to ensure the longevity of the artifacts. An evaluation process provided significant information to help assess the success of balancing interpretation and preservation needs. The compilation of this information provides a resource for those interested in learning about interactivity and preservation in the museum environment.


Julian Muller, in his advocacy of a narrative theology, has called for an autobiographical theology. In addition to Julian Muller's plea, the author turned to what may be seen as the liturgical and ritual variant of this method, namely autoethnography. Thus he would honour Julian Muller and his tireless commitment to Practical Theology. Autobiographical and autoethnographical theology do not start from well-ordered and systematically arranged knowledge, but from a life as it has developed and as it is developing in its connections with others. Difference is therefore a keyword in the method. Others and other worlds evoke the consciousness of differences, incite reflections on the cracks, fractures and fissures that show themselves to the self and provoke negotiations with the otherness of the other. Never in his existence as a theologian had the author experienced this process more intensely than in his contacts with colleagues and religious practices in South Africa. It was described in the article how the author became acquainted with South Africa and, more particularly, with its liturgical rituals and visual arts since 2001. The different experiences of successive visits to Church Square in Pretoria functioned as a point of reference in the article. It was shown how the self re-negotiated its position in the world through the confrontation with a totally 'other' – in this case, South African liturgical rituals and visual arts. This re-negotiation focused on the Western academic position of the self when confronted with African epistemologies and ontologies.


If in the year 1411 you had been able to circumnavigate the globe, you would have been most impressed by the dazzling civilizations of the Orient. The Forbidden City was under construction in Ming Beijing; in the Near East, the Ottomans were closing in on Constantinople. By contrast, England would have struck you as a miserable backwater ravaged by plague, bad sanitation and incessant war. The other quarrelsome kingdoms of Western Europe - Aragon, Castile, France, Portugal and Scotland - would have seemed little better. As for fifteenth-century North America, it was an anarchic wilderness compared with the realms of the Aztecs and Incas. The idea that the West would come to dominate the Rest for most of the next half millennium would have struck you as wildly fanciful. And yet it happened. What was it about the civilization of Western Europe that allowed it to trump the outwardly superior empires of the Orient? The answer, Niall Ferguson argues, was that the West developed six 'killer applications' that the Rest lacked: competition, science, democracy, medicine, consumerism and the work ethic. The key question today is whether or not the West has lost its monopoly on these six things. If so, Ferguson warns, we may be living through the end of Western ascendancy. "Civilization" takes readers on their own extraordinary journey around the world - from the Grand Canal at Nanjing to the Topkapi Palace in Istanbul; from Machu Picchu in the Andes to Shark Island, Namibia; from the proud towers of Prague to the secret churches of Wenzhou. It is the story of sailboats, missiles, land deeds, vaccines, blue jeans and Chinese Bibles. It is the defining narrative of modern world history.


The most dynamic, comprehensive, and student-friendly text on the nature of microorganisms and the fascinating processes they employ in producing infections diseaseA Doody's Core Title for 2015!For more than a quarter-of-a-century, no other text has explained the link between microbiology and human disease states better than "Sherris Medical Microbiology." Through a vibrant, engaging approach, this classic gives you a solid grasp of the significance of etiologic agents, the pathogenic processes, epidemiology, and the basis of therapy for infectious diseases.Part I of "Sherris Medical Microbiology" opens with a non-technical chapter that explains the nature of infection and the infection agents. The following four chapters provide more detail about the immune response to infection and the prevention, epidemiology, and diagnosis of infectious disease. Parts II through V form the core of the text with chapters on the major viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases. Each of these sections opens with chapters on basic biology, pathogenesis, and antimicrobial agents.Features and Learning Aids: 57 chapters that simply and clearly describe the strains of viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites that can bring about infectious diseases Explanations of host-parasite relationship, dynamics of infection, and host response A clinical cases with USMLE-style questions concludes each chapter on the major viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic diseases All tables, photographs, and illustrations are in full color Clinical Capsules cover the essence of the disease(s) caused by major pathogens Margin Notes highlight key points within a paragraph to facilitate review In addition to the chapter-ending case questions, a collection of 100 practice questions is also included Sometime in the future, an improved understanding of current worldwide infectious disease scourges will lead to their control. Hopefully, you will find the basis for that understanding presented in the pages of this book.