If you want to make a great presentation fast but don't want to get bogged down in the details, then you need a Visual QuickProject Guide! You don't need to know every feature-you just want to know how to get your project done. Full-color illustrations show you how to perform each step of your project from start to finish. Low priced-why pay for more than you need? Microsoft PowerPoint is nearly ubiquitous in today's world--from business to schools to clubs to organizations, PowerPoint presentations are everywhere you turn. To learn to create the best-looking presentations--the ones that stand out in terms of content and visual appeal--fast, readers need Creating a Presentation in Microsoft Office PowerPoint 2007: Visual QuickProject Guide. PowerPoint presenter extraordinaire Tom Negrino steps readers through a single, basic presentation. He begins with an overview of the redesigned Office interface and highlights the tools readers will use as they create their project. From there, readers begin writing their presentation, gathering images and sound files, choosing a design, working with text, and adding graphics and slide effects and transitions. From there they learn about presenting and sharing their presentations with the world. Readers will learn how to use the attractive new themes in PowerPoint and so much more. In the end, they will have a professional-looking and visually appealing presentation they can use anywhere! Each book in the Visual QuickProject Guide series now has a companion website featuring sample project files--making it even easier for users to work through each project as they read through the book.


The epic autobiography of a manga master Acclaimed for his visionary short-story collections "The Push Man and Other Stories," "Abandon the Old in Tokyo," and "Good-Bye" originally created nearly forty years ago, but just as resonant now as ever the legendary Japanese cartoonist Yoshihiro Tatsumi has come to be recognized in North America as a precursor of today's graphic novel movement. "A Drifting Life" is his monumental memoir eleven years in the making, beginning with his experiences as a child in Osaka, growing up as part of a country burdened by the shadows of World War II.Spanning fifteen years from August 1945 to June 1960, Tatsumi's stand-in protagonist, Hiroshi, faces his father's financial burdens and his parents' failing marriage, his jealous brother's deteriorating health, and the innumerable pitfalls that await him in the competitive manga market of mid-twentieth-century Japan. He dreams of following in the considerable footsteps of his idol, the manga artist Osamu Tezuka ("Astro Boy," "Apollo's Song," "Ode to Kirihito," "Buddha") with whom Tatsumi eventually became a peer and, at times, a stylistic rival. As with his short-story collection, "A Drifting Life" is designed by Adrian Tomine."


Based on the award-winning article in Harvard Business Review, from global leadership expert John Kotter. It's a familiar scene in organizations today: a new competitive threat or a big opportunity emerges. You quickly create a strategic initiative in response and appoint your best people to make change happen. And it does--but not fast enough. Or effectively enough. Real value gets lost and, ultimately, things drift back to the default status. Why is this scenario so frequently repeated in industries and organizations across the world? In the groundbreaking new book Accelerate (XLR8), leadership and change management expert, and best-selling author, John Kotter provides a fascinating answer--and a powerful new framework for competing and winning in a world of constant turbulence and disruption. Kotter explains how traditional organizational hierarchies evolved to meet the daily demands of running an enterprise. For most companies, the hierarchy is the singular operating system at the heart of the firm. But the reality is, this system simply is not built for an environment where change has become the norm. Kotter advocates a new system--a second, more agile, network-like structure that operates in concert with the hierarchy to create what he calls a "dual operating system"--one that allows companies to capitalize on rapid-fire strategic challenges and still make their numbers. Accelerate (XLR8) vividly illustrates the five core principles underlying the new network system, the eight Accelerators that drive it, and how leaders must create urgency in others through role modeling. And perhaps most crucial, the book reveals how the best companies focus and align their people's energy and urgency around what Kotter calls the big opportunity. If you're a pioneer, a leader who knows that bold change is necessary to survive and thrive in an ever-changing world, this book will help you accelerate into a better, more profitable future.


The relationship between urban form and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions has been studied extensively during the last two decades. The prevailing paradigm arising from these studies is that a dense or compact urban form would best enable low-carbon living. However, the vast majority of these studies have actually concentrated on transportation and/or housing energy, whereas a growing number of studies argue that the GHG implications of other consumption should be taken into account and the relationships evaluated. With this two-part study of four different area types in Finland we illustrate the importance of including all the consumption activities into the GHG assessment. Furthermore, we add to the discussion the idea that consumption choices, or lifestyles, and the resulting GHGs are not just a product of the values of individuals but actually tied to the form of the surrounding urbanization: that is, lifestyles are situated. In part I (Heinonen et al 2013 Environ. Res. Lett. 8 025003) we looked into this situation in Finland, showing how the residents of the most urbanized areas bring about the highest GHG emissions due to their higher consumption volumes and the economies-of-scale advantages in the less urbanized areas. In part II here, we concentrate only on the middle-income segment and look for differences in the lifestyles when the budget constraints are equal. Here we also add the variables housing type and motorization into the assessment. The same time-use and private expenditure data as in part I and the same GHG assessment method are used here to maintain high transparency and comparability between the two parts. The results of the study imply that larger family sizes and economies-of-scale effects in the less dense areas offset the advantages of more dense living when the emissions are assessed on per capita basis. Also, at equal income levels the carbon footprints vary surprisingly little due to complementary effects of the majority of low-carbon lifestyle choices. Motorization was still found to increase the emissions, but a similar pattern regarding housing type was not found.


Battle, Craig and Ramon Perez. Max Finder Mystery Collected Casebook, Vol. 6 , 2012. Toronto: Owlkids Books. Series created by Liam O'Donnell. Print. Max Finder comics will be familiar to readers of OWL magazine, where the comic strip has been a regular feature. The strip, originally created by Liam O'Donnell, is anthologized in the series Max Finder Mystery: Collected Casebook . The sixth volume in this series features the work of writer, Craig Battle and illustrator, Ramon Perez, and includes ten illustrated stories, two textual stories, tips for holding a Max Finder mystery party and advice for teachers. Each strip sets up a perplexing mystery that youngster Max Finder and his friends unravel with keen observations and intricate deductions. Readers must study the details in the story and illustrations in order to match wits with the sleuths. It's a bit like Encyclopedia Brown meets Where's Waldo. The puzzles are not easy to figure out, and it takes discipline not to flip ahead to the answer. The dedicated reader, though, learns to exercise powers of careful reading (and seeing) not normally required for tweets and texts. The stories feature: a diverse cast of heroes and villains that seems designed to appeal to girls and boys; memorable situations (e.g., two competing house parties on the same night); and elements of contemporary culture (e.g., gaming tournaments). Readers are led to consider motive and opportunity, and look for logical inconsistencies. The collection is a convenient format for Max Finder fans who really want to dig in and flex their brains. It could also be an introduction to OWL magazine for some. Recommended: 3 out of 4 stars Reviewer: John Huck John Huck is a Metadata and Cataloguing Librarian at the University of Alberta. He holds an undergraduate degree in English literature and maintains a special interest in the spoken word. He is also a classical musician and has sung semi-professionally for many years.


Drawing upon the expertise of more than twenty leaders of their fields, this is a comprehensive and practical guide to psychological concepts and theories as well as to strategies and techniques designed to help future coaches and sport psychologists cultivate peak performance and personal growth through recent advances in sport psychology. The text's four-part organization focuses on motivation and leadership, social interactions, mental training, program implementation, and issues that go beyond performance enhancement. Contributing authors are experts in their topic, and each chapter has been written specifically for this collection.


The Supreme Court has recently decided to hear argument in the largest private-employer civil rights case in American history, Dukes v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. This historic case involves up to 1.5 million women suing Wal-Mart, one of the largest companies in the world, for alleged gender discrimination in pay and promotions, in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Like many employees who challenge companywide employment discrimination, the plaintiffs in Dukes brought their case as a class action pursuant to Rule 23(b)(2) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and sought injunctive and declaratory relief, and monetary relief in the form of back pay and punitive damages. After several appeals, class certification was largely upheld by the Ninth Circuit in a sharply divided en banc opinion. The Ninth Circuit affirmed the district court's Rule 23(b)(2) certification of a class of current employees with respect to their claims for injunctive and declaratory relief and back pay.This ruling set the stage for review by the nation's highest court because of the ruling's potential impact on class actions all over the country, involving areas as varied as employment discrimination, securities, antitrust, and products liability. The potential impact of the case stems not so much from the size of the Dukes class as from how the case will influence the very survival of certain types of class actions. At issue is whether it will become more difficult for plaintiffs who seek monetary relief for systemic misconduct to meet the class action criteria. This is important because for many employees and others, a class action is their only meaningful access to the courts. Moreover, class actions are important to the civil justice system because of the substantial time and cost savings they provide the courts and parties. The Dukes case has the potential to redefine the terms on which this critical procedural device is available.While the case involves numerous complex procedural and substantive issues, this article examines the discrete yet critical question presented in the Dukes litigation of whether any monetary relief is permitted in a (b)(2) class, and if so, under what circumstances. The answer to this question will have significant implications for the future of class action law.As an initial matter, there are two primary modes of statutory construction - textualism and intentionalism - the Supreme Court may use in interpreting Rule 23(b)(2)'s silence on the issue of whether monetary relief is permitted. Under either mode of construction, the Supreme Court should consult the Advisory Committee's notes, to clarify an ambiguous text or to avoid an absurd result involving an unambiguous text. The Advisory Committee notes make clear that the Rule's drafters did not intend to ban all forms of monetary relief, but only a small subset - exclusive or predominant monetary damages. Thus, the answer to the threshold question of whether any monetary relief is allowed by the Rule's text is yes.Wal-Mart's contention that there are no circumstances under which monetary relief is justified under (b)(2) contradicts well-established law and conflates the separate approaches courts have used for permitting back pay, on the one hand, and monetary damages, on the other. Because of its equitable nature and susceptibility to common proof, back pay has long been permitted in Rule 23(b)(2) class actions. As a partner to injunctive and declaratory relief, back pay has played a central role in eradicating discriminatory practices and making victims whole under Title VII's broad remedial scheme. Without exception, all of the courts of appeals to have ruled on the issue have recognized the compatibility of back pay and Rule 23(b)(2) in the Title VII context.In contrast, courts have permitted (b)(2) certification of claims for monetary damages (compensatory and punitive) so long as they are not the exclusive or predominant form of relief sought. Because damages may not lend themselves to common proof, predominance ensures that the class remains sufficiently cohesive to provide due process, while sufficiently flexible to provide the efficiency of aggregate litigation. Predominance has been the linchpin to certification of claims involving monetary damages under Rule 23(b)(2). Thus, what is at issue is how courts should determine when damages predominate over injunctive or declaratory relief, not whether they should be permitted at all.Although there is no disagreement over the propriety of using a predominance test, the courts of appeals disagree over how predominance should be defined. There are three major predominance approaches: the Fifth Circuit's incidental test established in Allison v. Citgo Petroleum Corp., the Second Circuit's ad hoc balancing test established in Robinson v. Metro-North Railroad Co., and the Ninth Circuit's objective effects test established in Dukes v. Wal-Mart.The predominance tests set forth in the Allison, Robinson, and Dukes trio may aid the Supreme Court in its determination of what circumstances justify inclusion of monetary damages in a Rule 23(b)(2) class action. Comparing each of the predominance tests using principles such as judicial discretion, judicial economy, due process and civil rights enforcement, reveal that although Dukes is youngest of the trio, it may turn out to be the wisest. Dukes takes the best from its sister circuits by including non-incidental damages - contrary to Allison - while retreating from a plaintiff-centered and subjective analysis - contrary to Robinson and Molski v. Gleich. The Ninth Circuit resurrects the broad judicial discretion required for a rigorous class certification analysis, and yet introduces practical factors that address manageability and due process concerns, thereby advancing judicial economy. Finally, the Dukes test offers promise, as contemplated by the Advisory Committee and Title VII's drafters, that Rule 23(b)(2) will continue to aid those fighting to rid society of systemic discrimination and repair those ravaged by its consequences.


The aim in this paper is to present a discussion of the participatory research methods employed to explore intersectionality between sexuality, rurality and age through consideration of a research project investigating how older lesbian and gay citizens in rural southwest England and Wales interact with their local community. The aim of the project is to explore how older lesbian and gay citizens adjust to and connect with their rural environment, exploring the notion of a "rural idyll" for groups who may be seen as different. Discussion of the different methods used to explore themes surrounding connectivity, place, space and identity will be offered. These include a core biographic narrative interpretive method (BNIM), a visual ethnographic method, and an overarching participatory methodology. This methodological approach is reviewed using the six principles for working with disempowered groups identified by Whitmore and McGee (2001).


The patent system is broken and in dire need of reform; so says the popular press, scholars, lawyers, judges, congresspersons, and even the President. One common complaint is that patents are now failing as property rights because their boundaries are not as clear as the fences that demarcate real estate — patent infringement is neither as determinate nor as efficient as trespass is for land. This Essay explains that this is a fallacious argument, suffering both empirical and logical failings. Empirically, there are no formal studies of trespass litigation rates; thus, complaints about the patent system's indeterminacy are based solely on an idealized theory of how trespass should function, which economists identify as the "nirvana fallacy." Furthermore, anecdotal evidence and other studies suggest that boundary disputes between landowners are neither as clear nor as determinate as patent scholars assume them to be. Logically, the comparison of patent boundaries to trespass commits what philosophers call a "category mistake." It conflates the boundaries of an entire legal right (a patent), not with the boundaries of its conceptual counterpart (real estate), but with a single doctrine (trespass) that secures real estate only in a single dimension (physical fences). As all law students learn in their first-year Property courses, estate boundaries are defined along the dimensions of time, use, and space, as represented in doctrines like future interests, easements, nuisance, and restrictive covenants, among others. The proper conceptual analog for patent boundaries is "estate boundaries," not fences. In sum, the trespass fallacy is driving widely accepted critiques of today's patent system that are empirically unverified and conceptually misleading.


The dominant model of regulation in the United States for consumer credit, insurance, and investment products is disclosure and unfettered choice. As these products have become increasingly complex, consumers' inability to understand them has become increasingly apparent, and the consequences of this inability more dire. In response, policymakers have embraced financial literacy education as a necessary corollary to the disclosure model of regulation. This education is widely believed to turn consumers into "responsible" and "empowered" market players, motivated and competent to make financial decisions that increase their own welfare. The vision is of educated consumers handling their own credit, insurance, and retirement planning matters by confidently navigating the bountiful unrestricted marketplace. Although the vision is seductive, promising both a free market and increased consumer welfare, the predicate belief in the effectiveness of financial literacy education lacks empirical support. Moreover, the belief is implausible, given the velocity of change in the financial marketplace, the gulf between current consumer skills and those needed to understand today's complex non-standardized financial products, the persistence of biases in financial decisionmaking, and the disparity between educators and financial services firms in resources with which to reach consumers. Harboring this belief may be innocent, but it is not harmless; the pursuit of financial literacy poses costs that almost certainly swamp any benefits. For some consumers, financial education appears to increase confidence without improving ability, leading to worse decisions. When consumers find themselves in dire financial straits, the regulation through education model blames them for their plight, shaming them and deflecting calls for effective market regulation. Consumers generally do not serve as their own doctors and lawyers and for reasons of efficient division of labor alone, generally should not serve as their own financial experts. The search for effective financial literacy education should be replaced by a search for policies more conducive to good consumer financial outcomes.


This Symposium Essay compares current patterns and practices surrounding IRS utilization of IRB guidance (revenue rulings, revenue procedures, and notices) with administrative law doctrine concerning informal agency guidance documents. In administrative law jurisprudence, the distinction between legislative and interpretative rules (and thus whether the Administrative Procedure Act requires public notice and comment procedures) and the determination of whether Chevron or Skidmore provides the appropriate evaluative standard on judicial review both ultimately turn on whether the agency legal interpretation at issue carries the force and effect of law. The precise contours of the force of law concept are unclear, as is whether the force of law means the same thing for APA procedural challenges as it does for judicial deference. Although there seems to be an emerging consensus in the tax community that IRB guidance documents contain interpretative rules eligible only for Skidmore deference, this consensus seems premised on longstanding assumptions about IRB guidance that are not entirely consistent with the contemporary reality of IRB guidance. Current IRS practices, government litigating positions in tax cases, Code provisions and regulations imposing penalties for noncompliance, and retroactive application of regulations based on IRS notice publication individually and collectively situate IRB guidance squarely in the gray area of the force of law concept, raising important issues of whether IRB guidance is entitled to Chevron deference but also subject to APA notice-and-comment rulemaking requirements.


Genetic disorders in children can have highly variable effects. Even relatively common disorders may go undiagnosed and untreated by clinicians who are not familiar with the range of "atypical" cognitive or behavioral symptoms possible in an affected child. Recent research in genetics and brain development has altered the phenotypic description of various disorders, but this new knowledge is not readily available to practitioners. This collection provides a single resource that will help clinicians, pediatricians, neuropsychologists, educators, and others use the latest research to identify and treat a variety of genetic disorders as early as possible. The chapter authors report on the full range of phenotypes, including "subtle" or atypical variants, for each disorder. They describe disorders that have wide-ranging cognitive phenotypes and a well-understood genetic etiology (including Fragile X, Turner, and Klinefelter syndromes), discussing the genotype that leads to the syndrome, the medical implications, and the behavioral or psychological consequences. The chapter authors also report on more complex categories of etiologies, including congenital hypothyroidism and metabolic disorders, the genetic components of which are not completely understood. Finally, they go beyond diagnosis, discussing genetic counseling, family adaptation, and early intervention options for the preschool- and school-age years.


Abstract Several sources of information suggest that human beings evolved on a diet with a ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 essential fatty acids (EFA) of ∼1 whereas in Western diets the ratio is 15/1–16.7/1. Western diets are deficient in omega-3 fatty acids, and have excessive amounts of omega-6 fatty acids compared with the diet on which human beings evolved and their genetic patterns were established. Excessive amounts of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and a very high omega-6/omega-3 ratio, as is found in today's Western diets, promote the pathogenesis of many diseases, including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, whereas increased levels of omega-3 PUFA (a lower omega-6/omega-3 ratio), exert suppressive effects. In the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease, a ratio of 4/1 was associated with a 70% decrease in total mortality. A ratio of 2.5/1 reduced rectal cell proliferation in patients with colorectal cancer, whereas a ratio of 4/1 with the same amount of omega-3 PUFA had no effect. The lower omega-6/omega-3 ratio in women with breast cancer was associated with decreased risk. A ratio of 2-3/1 suppressed inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and a ratio of 5/1 had a beneficial effect on patients with asthma, whereas a ratio of 10/1 had adverse consequences. These studies indicate that the optimal ratio may vary with the disease under consideration. This is consistent with the fact that chronic diseases are multigenic and multifactorial. Therefore, it is quite possible that the therapeutic dose of omega-3 fatty acids will depend on the degree of severity of disease resulting from the genetic predisposition. A lower ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids is more desirable in reducing the risk of many of the chronic diseases of high prevalence in Western societies, as well as in the developing countries, that are being exported to the rest of the world


As Jesus entered a village, ten lepers approached him. Keeping their distance, they called out, saying, "Jesus, Master, have mercy on us!" When he saw them, he said to them, "Go and show yourselves to the priests." And as they went, they were made clean. Then one of them, when he saw that he was healed, turned back, praising God with a loud voice. He prostrated himself at Jesus' feet and thanked him. And he was a Samaritan. Then Jesus asked, "Were not ten made clean? But the other nine, where are they? Was none of them found to return and give praise to God except this foreigner?" Then he said to him, "Get up and go on your way; your faith has made you well." — Luke 17: 11 – 16


This is an Elementary Level story in a series of ELT readers comprising a wide range of titles - some original and some simplified - from modern and classic novels, and designed to appeal to all age-groups, tastes and cultures. The books are divided into five levels: Starter Level, with about 300 basic words; Beginner Level (600 basic words); Elementary Level (1100); Intermediate Level (1600); and Upper Level (2200). Some of the titles are also available on cassette.


Undernutrition and food insecurity are critical problems among under-five children in many developing countries. This study was carried out for eight months between 2009 and 2011. It combined quantitative data (N=156) and qualitative data to explore nutritional status among under-five children in Jibondo and Chole villages within Mafia Island Marine Park in Tanzania. Weight-for-age analysis was performed according to World Health Organization standards to determine the proportion of underweight children among the samples. The prevalence of underweight children was high in both villages, and in Jibondo village it was even higher (69%) than in Chole village (40%). Interviewees attributed the exceptionally high underweight problems in Jibondo to a substantial reduction in breast-feeding frequency. This was because mothers resumed seaweed farming and octopus fishing soon after delivery. Consequently, infants were fed poor-quality nutritional substitute foods at a tender age. Decreased family income, food insecurity, changes in gender roles and increased responsibilities for women were also perceived to be key underlying problems contributing to higher levels of undernutrition among children in the study areas. If healthy generations and sustainable social-ecological systems are to be achieved within the Park in the future, policies that review fishing restrictions, improve fish trading, increase household food security and liberate mother's time for breastfeeding and child-caring activities would be essential to address the current undernutrition among the under-fives.


Over the past sixty years, powerful methods of model-based control engineering have been responsible for such dramatic advances in engineering systems as autolanding aircraft, autonomous vehicles, and even weather forecasting. Over those same decades, our models of the nervous system have evolved from single-cell membranes to neuronal networks to large-scale models of the human brain. Yet until recently control theory was completely inapplicable to the types of nonlinear models being developed in neuroscience. The revolution in nonlinear control engineering in the late 1990s has made the intersection of control theory and neuroscience possible. In Neural Control Engineering, Steven Schiff seeks to bridge the two fields, examining the application of new methods in nonlinear control engineering to neuroscience. After presenting extensive material on formulating computational neuroscience models in a control environment -- including some fundamentals of the algorithms helpful in crossing the divide from intuition to effective application -- Schiff examines a range of applications, including brain-machine interfaces and neural stimulation. He reports on research that he and his colleagues have undertaken showing that nonlinear control theory methods can be applied to models of single cells, small neuronal networks, and large-scale networks in disease states of Parkinson's disease and epilepsy. With Neural Control Engineering the reader acquires a working knowledge of the fundamentals of control theory and computational neuroscience sufficient not only to understand the literature in this trandisciplinary area but also to begin working to advance the field. The book will serve as an essential guide for scientists in either biology or engineering and for physicians who wish to gain expertise in these areas.


"In my vision at night I looked, and there before me was one like a son of man, coming with the clouds of heaven. He approached the Ancient of Days and was led into his presence. He was given authority, glory and sovereign power; all peoples, nations and men of every language worshiped him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will never be destroyed." DANIEL 7:13-14


[1] Daily ozonesondes were launched from 14 North American sites during August 2006, providing the best set of free tropospheric ozone measurements ever gathered across the continent in a single season. The data reveal a distinct upper tropospheric ozone maximum above eastern North America and centered over the southeastern USA. Recurring each year, the location and strength of the ozone maximum is influenced by the summertime upper tropospheric anticyclone that traps convectively lofted ozone, ozone precursors and lightning NOx above the southeastern USA. The North American summer monsoon that flows northward along the Rocky Mountains is embedded within the western side of the anticyclone and also marks the westernmost extent of the ozone maximum. Removing the influence from stratospheric intrusions, median ozone mixing ratios (78 ppbv) in the upper troposphere (>6 km) above Alabama, near the center of the anticyclone, were nearly twice the level above the U.S. west coast. Simulations by an atmospheric chemistry general circulation model indicate lightning NOx emissions led to the production of 25–30 ppbv of ozone at 250 hPa above the southern United States during the study period. On the regional scale the ozone enhancement above the southeastern United States produced a positive all-sky adjusted radiative forcing up to 0.50 W m−2.


Spanning the years of 1940-1965, THE LAST LION picks up shortly after Winston Churchill became Prime Minister-when his tiny island nation stood alone against the overwhelming might of Nazi Germany. The Churchill conjured up by William Manchester and Paul Reid is a man of indomitable courage, lightning fast intellect, and an irresistible will to action. THE LAST LION brilliantly recounts how Churchill organized his nation's military response and defense; compelled FDR into supporting America's beleaguered cousins, and personified the "never surrender" ethos that helped the Allies win the war, while at the same time adapting himself and his country to the inevitable shift of world power from the British Empire to the United States. More than twenty years in the making, THE LAST LION presents a revelatory and unparalleled portrait of this brilliant, flawed, and dynamic leader. This is popular history at its most stirring.


Researchers at the Burnham Institute for Medical Research (Burnham) have discovered that reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, play a key role in forming invadopodia, cellular protrusions implicated in cancer cell migration and tumor metastasis. Sara Courtneidge, Ph.D., professor and director of the Tumor Microenvironment Program at Burnham's NCI-designated Cancer Center, and colleagues have found that inhibiting reactive oxygen reduces invadopodia formation and limits cancer cell invasion. The study was published on September 15, 2009 in the journal Science Signaling. In a companion paper, published in the same issue of Science Signaling, Gary Bokoch, Ph.D., of The Scripps Research Institute, in collaboration with Dr. Courtneidge, found that the proteins Tks4 and Tks5, commonly expressed in cancer cells, are functionally related to p47phox, a protein found in phagocytes that is part of a complex that is instrumental in producing reactive oxygen to mount an immune response. "Reactive oxygen has a complex cellular role," said Dr. Courtneidge. "Normal cells use reactive oxygen to signal, grow and move. Immune cells, such as neutrophils, produce reactive oxygen to destroy bacteria. Now we find that reactive oxygen is necessary for invadopodia formation, which allows cancer cells to become metastatic." Invadopodia facilitate cancer cell migration by breaking down the extracellular matrix that normally keeps cells in place. In previous research, Dr. Courtneidge discovered that Tks5 is crucial for invadopodia formation. The structural similarities between Tks5 and p47phox, which is part of the NADPH oxidase (Nox) system, led Dr. Courtneidge to consider the role reactive oxygen plays in invadopodia formation. Using invadopodia-rich mouse fibrosarcoma cells, the Courtneidge laboratory tested a number of antioxidants and found both a marked reduction in invadopodia formation and invasive behavior. In addition, the team inhibited expression of Nox family enzymes with siRNA and had similar results, demonstrating that NADPH oxidases are involved in invadopodia formation. The scientists repeated these experiments with human melanoma, head and neck and breast cancer cell lines and also saw a marked reduction in invadopodia formation. With the discovery of reactive oxygen's role in invadopodia formation, researchers have additional possibilities for drug intervention. Future research and drug development may focus on inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity and limiting invadopodia formation to prevent cancer cell migration.


Abstract. Remote sensing of cloud effective particle size with passive sensors like the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is an important tool for cloud microphysical studies. As a measure of the radiatively relevant droplet size, effective radius can be retrieved with different combinations of visible through shortwave and midwave infrared channels. In practice, retrieved effective radii from these combinations can be quite different. This difference is perhaps indicative of different penetration depths and path lengths for the spectral reflectances used. In addition, operational liquid water cloud retrievals are based on the assumption of a relatively narrow distribution of droplet sizes; the role of larger precipitation particles in these distributions is neglected. Therefore, possible explanations for the discrepancy in some MODIS spectral size retrievals could include 3-D radiative transport effects, including sub-pixel cloud inhomogeneity, and/or the impact of drizzle formation. For three cloud cases the possible factors of influence are isolated and investigated in detail by the use of simulated cloud scenes and synthetic satellite data: marine boundary layer cloud scenes from large eddy simulations (LES) with detailed microphysics are combined with Monte Carlo radiative transfer calculations that explicitly account for the detailed droplet size distributions as well as 3-D radiative transfer to simulate MODIS observations. The operational MODIS optical thickness and effective radius retrieval algorithm is applied to these and the results are compared to the given LES microphysics. We investigate two types of marine cloud situations each with and without drizzle from LES simulations: (1) a typical daytime stratocumulus deck at two times in the diurnal cycle and (2) one scene with scattered cumulus. Only small impact of drizzle formation on the retrieved domain average and on the differences between the three effective radius retrievals is noticed for both cloud scene types for different reasons. For our, presumably typical, overcast stratocumulus scenes with an optical thickness of 8 to 9 and rain rates at cloud bottom up to 0.05 mm/h clear drizzle impact on the retrievals can be excluded. The cumulus scene does not show much drizzle sensitivity either despite extended drizzle areas being directly visible from above (locally >1 mm/h), which is mainly due to technical characteristics of the standard retrieval approach. 3-D effects, on the other hand, produce large discrepancies between the 1.6 and 2.1 μm channel observations compared to 3.7 μm retrievals in the latter case. A general sensitivity of MODIS particle size data to drizzle formation is not corroborated by our case studies.


Introduction: Recent studies demonstrated that chronic pain leads
to possible structural brain changes in diseases such as lower back
pain, migraine and fibromyalgia. We used two automated methods
to investigate whether morphometric changes occur in patients
with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
Methods: We recruited 28 patients with severe RA, and 25 age- and
sex-matched healthy controls. High-resolution MP-RAGE images
were acquired on a 3T scanner Tim Trio (Siemens, Erlangen).
Data were analyzed using FSL_VBM, a voxel-based morphometry
style analysis and FreeSurfer, a surface-based morphometry. To
investigate the effect of disease duration, a model with disease
duration as a regressor of interest was used in the patients group.
Results: There were no local structural grey-matter differences
between patients and controls in the FSL_VBM. The FreeSurfer
analysis however revealed decrease in grey-matter thickness in
both parahippocampal gyri. Moreover, RA patients had significantly
smaller brains compared to controls, estimated using intracranial
volume (ICV). In the patient group, disease duration,
when controlled for age, significantly correlated with ICV (r = 0.44
p = 0.019) and there was a trend for ASF (r = −0.36 p = 0.055).
Furthermore, in the patients group the disease duration regressor
negatively correlated with grey matter density in the thalamus.
Conclusions: These results suggest that there are global brain
differences associated with RA. However, it is not clear whether
these changes represent an accelerated rate of atrophy as
observed in fibromyalgia, the effect of systemic inflammation and
vasculopathy similar to lupus erythrematosus or rathe


In this paper, we present a novel decentralised management technique that allows electricity micro-storage devices, deployed within individual homes as part of a smart electricity grid, to converge to profitable and efficient behaviours. Specifically, we propose the use of software agents, residing on the users' smart meters, to automate and optimise the charging cycle of micro-storage devices in the home to minimise its costs, and we present a study of both the theoretical underpinnings and the implications of a practical solution, of using software agents for such micro-storage management. First, by formalising the strategic choice each agent makes in deciding when to charge its battery, we develop a game-theoretic framework within which we can analyse the competitive equilibria of an electricity grid populated by such agents and hence predict the best consumption profile for that population given their battery properties and individual load profiles. Our framework also allows us to compute theoretical bounds on the amount of storage that will be adopted by the population. Second, to analyse the practical implications of micro-storage deployments in the grid, we present a novel algorithm that each agent can use to optimise its battery storage profile in order to minimise its owner's costs. This algorithm uses a learning strategy that allows it to adapt as the price of electricity changes in real-time, and we show that the adoption of these strategies results in the system converging to the theoretical equilibria. Finally, we empirically evaluate the adoption of our micro-storage management technique within a complex setting, based on the UK electricity market, where agents may have widely varying load profiles, battery types, and learning rates. In this case, our approach yields savings of up to 14% in energy cost for an average consumer using a storage device with a capacity of less than 4.5 kWh and up to a 7% reduction in carbon emissions resulting from electricity generation (with only domestic consumers adopting micro-storage and, commercial and industrial consumers not changing their demand). Moreover, corroborating our theoretical bound, an equilibrium is shown to exist where no more than 48% of households would wish to own storage devices and where social welfare would also be improved (yielding overall annual savings of nearly £1.5B).


This definitive survey of one of the most popular, collectable and dynamic periods of international design offers a rich overview of all aspects of the subject. It covers furniture, lighting, glass, ceramics, textiles, product design, industrial design, graphics and posters, as well as architecture and interior design. Nearly 100 major and influential creators of the mid-century period are highlighted, including icons such as Saul Bass, Robin Day, Charles and Ray Eames, Marimekko, Isamu Noguchi, Dieter Rams, Lucie Rie and Paolo Venini, as well as architects Alvar Aalto, Philip Johnson, Richard Neutra and Oscar Niemeyer. An additional illustrated dictionary features hundreds more key mid-century designers and manufacturers as well as important organizations, schools and movements. Complete with thirteen specially commissioned essays by renowned experts and over 1,000 mainly colour illustrations, it is a must-have acquisition for any design aficionado, collector or reader seeking inspiration for their home.


1. Why Social Workers Need Research? Research as a Source of Knowledge What is Research? The Distinctiveness of Scientific Research Development of theory Importance of diversity in theories Systematic and rigorous methods Empirical evidence Commitment to neutrality Obligation to an ethical code Consumer and Producer Roles Consumer Role Producer Role Using Critical Thinking Skills as Consumers and Producers Why Do Social Work Researchers Conduct Studies? The Research Topics of Interest to Social Workers The Book's Perspective about the People Who are Studied Summary Discussion Questions 2. The Philosophies and Purposes of Research Inductive and Deductive Philosophies Inductive Research Deductive Research Assessment of Your Philosophical Tendencies Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methodologies Quantitative Methods Qualitative Methods Mixed Methods Some Specialized Areas in Social Work Research Participatory Action Research Feminist Research Afrocentric Research Critical Thinking and Social Work Research Summary Discussion Questions 3. Research Ethics and Social Work's Mandates Ethical Problems in Research Physical harm Psychological harm Invasion of privacy Deception of participants Misrepresentation of findings Balancing risks and gains Ethical Safeguards of Research Confidentiality Informed Consent Monitoring the effects of a study and offering any needed assistance Involving research participants in decision-making Selecting researchers without a conflict of interest Mandates of Social Work Adhering to the values and ethics of social work Promoting a Commitment to Diversity Promoting Social and Economic Justice and Special Attention to At-Risk Populations Attending to Social Work Mandates throughout the Book Summary Discussion Questions 4. Understanding the Research Topic What Issues Affect Problem Selection? Political Perspective Socio-Cultural Views Professional Discipline Specializations within social work Personal Life Experiences Employer Expectations, Funding Sources, and Other External Influences Research Topics and Social Work The Producer Role and the Research Topic The Consumer Role and the Research Topic The Literature Review Tips on Completing Literature Searches Purposes in completing a literature review Strategies for Gathering Information Writing up a Literature Review Summary Discussion Questions 5. Defining and Measuring Concepts Concepts, Variables, Values, and Constants Constructing and Measuring Variables Understanding Measurement How Knowledge is Generated Quantitative and Qualitative Measurements Numbers Words from Forced-Response Questions Word from Open-Ended Questions Levels of Measurement Validity and Reliability How Is Validity Measured? How Is Reliability Measured? Standardized Scales Diversity Issues Likert Scales Thurstone and Guttman Scales Goal Attainment Scales for Evaluating Social Work Practice Summary Discussion Questions 6. Focusing a Research Study Descriptive Studies Exploratory Studie Explanatory Studies Descriptive and Exploratory Studies Ask General Research Questions Explanatory Studies Test Hypotheses Constructing Hypotheses Types of Variables Three Conditions of Causal Relationships Practical Uses of Hypotheses Hypothesizing to Evaluate Social Work Practice Generating Hypotheses Focusing a Research Study and the Consumer Role Summary Discussion Questions 7. Designing the Study Review of Prior Steps Considering Secondary Research and Existing Data What is the Intention of the Study? Descriptive research Designs Exploratory Research Designs Explanatory Research Designs Three Key Questions Illustration 1 Illustration 2 Designing a Study and the Consumer Role Summary Discussion Questions 8. Considering Sampling Techniques Important Sampling Concepts Selecting a Sample Probability and Non-Probability Sampling Types of Probability Sampling Types of Non-Probability Sampling Diversity, Social Justice Issues, and Samples Using Combinations of Sampling Approaches Sample Size Summary Discussion Questions 9. Constructing Surveys Using Interviews in Research Types of Interviews Varying Ways to Conduct Interviews Using Questionnaires in Research Types of Questionnaires Varying Ways to Administer Questionnaires Similarities Between Data Collection in Research and Social Work Importance of High Response Rates Validity and Reliability Issues Diversity and Social Justice Comparing Interviews and Questionnaires Interviews Questionnaires How to Construct a Survey Constructing Qualitative Surveys Summary Discussion Questions 10. Constructing Observational Studies Conducting Structured Observations Conducting Unstructured Observations Participant Observation Non-Participatory Unstructured Observation The Ethical Problems of Observing Covertly Incorporating Diversity and Social Justice Advantages of Observational Research Validity and Reliability Issues How to Construct an Observational Data Collection Instrument Observing Social Artifacts and Other Non-Human Entities Examples of Observations in Social Work Settings Summary Discussion Questions 11. Exploring Causal Relationships: Quasi-Experimental, Experimental and Single System Designs The Relevance of Causal Relationships in Social Work Practice Claiming that the Intervention Makes a Difference Documenting the Impact of Social Work Interventions Group Designs for Exploring Causal Relationships Research Designs for Exploring Causal Relationships One-Group Posttest-Only Design Pretest/Posttest Design Pretest/Posttest Design with a Comparison Group Time Series Design Pretest/Posttest Design with a Control Group Validity and Group Designs Using Single System Designs for Practice Evaluations Different Types of Single System Designs Implementing a Single System Design Options for Analyzing Progress for Single System Designs Summary Discussion Questions 12. Collecting the Data Differences between Quantitative and Qualitative Data Collection Training for Data Collection Preparation for Collecting Data Preparation for Quantitative Methods Preparation for Qualitative Methods Preparation for Leading Focus Groups Considering the Influence of the Personal Characteristics of the Researcher Collecting the Data and the Consumer Role Summary Discussion Questions 13. Quantitative Data Analysis Coding the Data Coding Questions that Directly Elicit a Numerical Response Coding Forced-response Questions Coding Forced-response Questions with Multiple Options A Code Book Ethics and Data Analysis Descriptive Statistics for Data Analysis Frequency Distributions Measures of Central Tendencies Measures of Variability or Dispersion Bi-Variate Statistics for Data Analysis Significance, Statistical Significance, and Statistical Tests Measuring the Association Between Two Variables Chi-Square Test Correlation Test Comparing Two or More Groups t-test ANOVA Test Multivariate Statistics for Data Analysis Mixed Methods Working with a Data Set Analyzing Quantitative Data and the Consumer Role Summary Discussion Questions 14. Qualitative Data Analysis Qualitative Versus Quantitative Data Analysis Varied Types of Qualitative Data How is Qualitative Data Analyzed? Strategy 1: Case Studies Strategy 2: Summarizing Responses for Open-Ended Questions How to Summarize Responses for Open-Ended Questions Strategy 3: Theme Analysis How to Conduct a Theme Analysis Data Collection Approaches and the Three Strategies Other Types of Qualitative Data Analysis Content Analysis Ethnographic Analysis Observational Analysis of Social Situations Validating Data Mixed Methods Analyzing Qualitative Data and the Consumer Role Summary Discussion Questions 15. Preparing a Report Task A. Highlighting Background Material on the Study Task B: Focusing the Findings Organization of Findings Accuracy and Clarity Use of Graphics Task C. Developing Recommendations Task D: Writing or Presenting the Report Considering Potential Readers of the Report Contents of a Traditional Research Report Reporting on Qualitative Studies Reporting on the Research and the Consumer Role Summary Discussion Questions 16. Program and Practice Evaluation Accountability to Stakeholders A Political Process Defining Evaluation Purposes of Evaluations Steps in Conducting an Evaluation Planning, Implementation, and Outcome Stages Logic Model Evaluations during the Planning Stage A Needs Assessment Other Evaluation Strategies When Planning Evaluations during the Implementation Stage Is the Intervention Implemented as Intended? Is the Quality of the Intervention High? How Accessible is the Intervention to All Client Groups? How Satisfied are the Clients with the Intervention? Evaluations during the Outcome Stage Group Designs Cost/Benefit Analysis Studies Outcomes in Practice Evaluations Summary Discussion Questions


The perennial bestseller shows you how share your files and Internet connection across a wireless network Fully updated for Windows 7 and Mac OS X Snow Leopard, this new edition of this bestseller returns with all the latest in wireless standards and security. This fun and friendly guide shows you how to integrate your iPhone, iPod touch, smartphone, or gaming system into your home network. Veteran authors escort you through the various financial and logisitical considerations that you need to take into account before building a wireless network at home. Covers the basics of planning, installing, and using wireless LANs Reviews essential information on the latest security issues Delivers valuable tips on how to stay current with fast-moving technology Discusses how to share resources such as printers, scanners, an Internet connection, files, and more with multiple computers on one network Wireless Home Networking For Dummies, 4th Edition skips the technical jargon and gets you connected with need-to-know information on building a wireless home network.


Stress and failure in the earth have long been observed to couple to hydrogeology. Poroelastic models, introduced by soil scientists, can account for strong two-way coupling between porous crustal rock formations and their pore fluids. Current efforts to provide new energy resources (water injection in EGS, enhanced oil recovery) and to reduce pollution (CO2 sequestration, deepwell disposal) have sparked interest in more accurately modeling these interactions. Here we focus on how fluid injection can re-activate pre-existing fractures, a scenario commonly examined by regulatory agencies. The onset of seismicity due to fluid injection is frequently expressed in terms of a critical injection pressure, Pc. Traditional methods for estimating Pc are semi-empirical and often overly conservative; moreover, they frequently have failed to match historical data. Nowadays, however, poroelastic models enable more accurate estimates of how stresses due to fluid injection propagate into and affect the surrounding rock mass. We have used COMSOL Multiphysics to calculate the pressure history in typical deepwell injection scenarios. We show that the poroelastic response of the rock mass leads, in many scenarios, to a higher critical injection pressure Pc, as compared to the traditional methods. Our proposed model-assisted method provides the benefit of a more accurate criterion for predicting the onset of failure. This method thus helps maximize injection productivity while still assuring that operations are conducted in a manner protective of human health and the environment.


Importance Risk of stroke and brain atrophy in later life relate to levels of cardiovascular risk in early adulthood. However, it is unknown whether cerebrovascular changes are present in young adults. Objective To examine relationships between modifiable cardiovascular risk factors and cerebrovascular structure, function, and white matter integrity in young adults. Design, Setting, and Participants A cross-sectional observational study of 125 young adults (aged 18-40 years) without clinical evidence of cerebrovascular disease. Data collection was completed between August 2014 and May 2016 at the University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Final data collection was completed on May 31, 2016. Exposures The number of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors at recommended levels, based on the following criteria: body mass index (BMI) <25; highest tertile of cardiovascular fitness and/or physical activity; alcohol consumption <8 drinks/week; nonsmoker for >6 months; blood pressure on awake ambulatory monitoring <130/80 mm Hg; a nonhypertensive diastolic response to exercise (peak diastolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg); total cholesterol <200 mg/dL; and fasting glucose <100mg/dL. Each risk factor at the recommended level was assigned a value of 1, and participants were categorized from 0-8, according to the number of risk factors at recommended levels, with higher numbers indicating healthier risk categories. Main Outcomes and Measures Cerebral vessel density, caliber and tortuosity, brain white matter hyperintensity lesion count. In a subgroup (n = 52), brain blood arrival time and cerebral blood flow assessed by brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results A total of 125 participants, mean (SD) age 25 (5) years, 49% women, with a mean (SD) score of 6.0 (1.4) modifiable cardiovascular risk factors at recommended levels, completed the cardiovascular risk assessment and brain MRI protocol. Cardiovascular risk factors were correlated with cerebrovascular morphology and white matter hyperintensity count in multivariable models. For each additional modifiable risk factor categorized as healthy, vessel density was greater by 0.3 vessels/cm3 (95% CI, 0.1-0.5; P = .003), vessel caliber was greater by 8 &mgr;m (95% CI, 3-13; P = .01), and white matter hyperintensity lesions were fewer by 1.6 lesions (95% CI, −3.0 to −0.5; P = .006). Among the 52 participants with available data, cerebral blood flow varied with vessel density and was 2.5 mL/100 g/min higher for each healthier category of a modifiable risk factor (95% CI, 0.16-4.89; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance In this preliminary study involving young adults without clinical evidence of cerebrovascular disease, a greater number of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors at recommended levels was associated with higher cerebral vessel density and caliber, higher cerebral blood flow, and fewer white matter hyperintensities. Further research is needed to verify these findings and determine their clinical importance.


The European Union began with efforts in the Cold War era to foster economic integration among a few Western European countries. Today's EU constitutes an upper tier of government that affects almost every level of policymaking in each of its twenty-seven member states. The recent financial and economic crises have tested this still-evolving institutional framework, and this book surveys key economic challenges faced by the EU. Prominent European economists examine such topics as the stability of the financial markets and possible policy options to reduce future vulnerability to crises, including Glass-Steagall-style narrow banking; the effect of emerging economies such as China and India on Europe's economic position; the protection of national interests in industrial policy; reforming and preserving the welfare state in the face of unemployment, population aging, and worker mobility within the EU; and improving the EU's institutional framework by reassigning responsibilities among supranational, national, and local governments. Among the conclusions that emerge from these analyses are the necessity for banking regulation as well as budgetary discipline; the need to consider global as well as European integration; and the idea that an environment that fosters internal competition will increase Europe's competitiveness internationally.


The original edition of this book summarized more than a decade of work on communications flow in science and engineering organizations, showing how human and organizational systems could be restructured to bring about improved productivity and better person-to-person contact. While many studies have been done since then, few of them invalidate the general conclusions and recommendations Allen offers. In a new preface he points out - new developments, noting areas that need some modification, elaboration, or extension, and directing readers to the appropriate journal articles where the findings, are reported. The first three chapters provide an overview of the communication system in technology, present the author's research methods, and describe differences in the career paths and goals of engineers and scientists that cause special problems for organizations. The book then discusses how technological information is acquired by the R & D organization, shows how critical technical communication within the laboratory is for R & D performance, and originates the idea of the "gatekeeper," the person who links his or her organization to the world at large. Concluding chapters take up the influence of formal and informal organization and of architecture and office layouts on communication. Many of these ideas have been successfully incorporated by architects and managers in the design of new R & D facilities and complexes.


Property rights were central to the political ideology of the founding era. The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 shows how the concept of property was part of both the liberal and the republican narratives of the revolutionary and constitutional eras. Conventional wisdom holds that property rights were key to the liberal argument, but that they must yield to the common good in the civic republican view. This Article shows that property was a key concept to both the liberal and republican ideologies at the founding by analyzing a critically important, but relatively neglected, founding document: the Northwest Ordinance.The Northwest Ordinance -- one of the four most important American founding documents -- established governance in the unorganized territories of the new nation, and provided the blueprint for admitting new states to the union. A close reading of the Ordinance shows that it is fundamentally concerned with property rights, but is also thoroughly republican in character. It provides numerous rules about property ownership, in terms of inheritance, transactions, and political participation. It contains individual-rights precursors to the Constitution's property clauses, including direct historical links to the Contracts Clause and the Takings Clause. It also envisions the role of property in an expanding republic. The property rights provisions in the Northwest Ordinance reflect a concern for not only individual liberty, but also for the promotion of the common good, through a virtuous society of individual property owners. The Northwest Ordinance shows that both the liberal and the republican narrative of the founding era rely on a fundamental consideration for individual property rights.


In order to improve on the curriculum and participation rate of adult learners in the current Adult Basic Education (ABE) program in Nigeria, this explorative study investigated the entrepreneurial (or vocational) training needs of illiterate women in Cross River State (CRS). Three research questions were posed to elicit from the participants their demographic characteristics, perception of the ABE program and perceived entrepreneurial training needs. The descriptive-survey design was adopted for the study. The focus group discussion along with probing interview sessions were held with a sample of 240 women learners drawn from the urban and rural ABE centers. Frequencies, percentages and bar charts were used to report the data. The study shows that majority of the women are young, single, unemployed and dropped out of school and perceived the current ABE as not meeting their needs. Majority of the subjects desire training in home management, clothing and textiles. Those in the rural areas prefer training in agricultural production. A few of those in the urban centers prefer training in computer/secretarial related skills. The major conclusion of the study is that the learners (women) should be involved in identifying their learning needs that would at the end of the program empower them to improve on their livelihoods.


Although the number of commercial Java games is still small compared to those written in C or C++, the market is expanding rapidly. Recent updates to Java make it faster and easier to create powerful gaming applications-particularly Java 3D-is fueling an explosive growth in Java games. Java games like Puzzle Pirates, Chrome, Star Wars Galaxies, Runescape, Alien Flux, Kingdom of Wars, Law and Order II, Roboforge, Tom Clancy's Politika, and scores of others have earned awards and become bestsellers. Java developers new to graphics and game programming, as well as game developers new to Java 3D, will find Killer Game Programming in Java invaluable. This new book is a practical introduction to the latest Java graphics and game programming technologies and techniques. It is the first book to thoroughly cover Java's 3D capabilities for all types of graphics and game development projects. Killer Game Programming in Java is a comprehensive guide to everything you need to know to program cool, testosterone-drenched Java games. It will give you reusable techniques to create everything from fast, full-screen action games to multiplayer 3D games. In addition to the most thorough coverage of Java 3D available, Killer Game Programming in Java also clearly details the older, better-known 2D APIs, 3D sprites, animated 3D sprites, first-person shooter programming, sound, fractals, and networked games. Killer Game Programming in Java is a must-have for anyone who wants to create adrenaline-fueled games in Java.


Introducing Java EE 7: A Look at Whats New guides you through the new features and enhancements in each of the technologies comprising the Java EE platform. Readers of this book will not have to wade through introductory material or information covering features that have been part of the EE platform for years. Instead, developers can pick this book up and read it to brush up on those features that have changed or have been added for the EE 7 release. This handy reference helps you move forward from Java EE 6 to the new EE 7 platform quickly and easily. Java is a mature programming language that has been refined over the years into a productive language widely used in enterprise application development. Although the language contains frameworks and methodologies that have been used for years, it is important to make use of the most current features available in the language in order to achieve the best results. Introducing Java EE 7: A Look at Whats New covers the solutions using the most current Java Enterprise technologies, including EJB 3.2, JSF 2.2, and JAX-RS 2.0. Build a streamlined and reliable application that uses the latest in Java technologies, and develop it much faster than you did with the older technologies. Rejuvenate your Java expertise to use the freshest capabilities, or perhaps learn Java Enterprise development for the first time and discover one of the most widely used and most powerful technologies available for application development today. Get up and running quickly with the new features of EE 7! Designed to get you up and running quickly with the newly released Java EE 7 Includes real world examples of how to use new and updated features. Demonstrates the latest productivity enhancements in the platform What youll learn Develop using the latest in Java EE 7 technologies Deploy the most current features in Java Servlets Make use of HTML5 in your Java Enterprise applications Create enterprise database applications using the latest features in EJB Improve application code through Context Dependency Injection (CDI) Exploit the power of RESTful web services Who this book is for IntroducingJava EE 7: A Look at Whats New is intended for developers already familiar with the basic concepts of Java Enterprise Edition development. The book jumps right into covering new features in Java EE 7, and gets down into code from the very beginning. The book is organized to be a handy reference for those who need information quickly on a particular topic while transitioning from Java EE 6 to Java EE 7, but it can also be read front to back. Table of Contents Part I: Java Web Tier - New Servlet Features Part I: Java Web Tier - JavaServer Faces and Facelets Part I: Java Web Tier - Expression Language Part II: Business Logic and Data - Object-Relational Mapping using JPA Part II: Business Logic and Data -Business Logic using EJB Part II: Business Logic and Data - Validating Data Part II: Business Logic and Data - Contexts and Dependency Injection Part III: Web Services and HTML - Building RESTful Web Services Part III: Web Services and HTML - WebSockets and JSON Part IV: Under the Covers - New Java Message Service Features Part IV: Under the Covers - Batch Applications, Caching, and Concurrency Part IV: Under the Covers - Developing Java EE 7 Applications Using Netbeans


The biggest challenge for sex equality in the 21st Century is to dismantle inequality between women and men's family care responsibilities. American law has largely accomplished formal equality in parenting by doing away with explicit gender classifications, along with many of the assumptions that fostered them. In a dramatic change from the mid-20th Century, law relating to family, work, civic participation and their various intersections is now virtually all sex-neutral. As the Supreme Court's 2003 decision in Nevada Department of Social Services v. Hibbs demonstrates, both Congress and the Court have accepted the feminist critique of sex roles and stereotyping as engines of discrimination and inequality. But the resultant legal reforms address only formal inequality; the challenge of lived inequality remains. Changes in legal norms must be embraced throughout the culture before their promise will be made real. The most influential and resistant obstacle to actualizing gender equality is the continuing cultural practice of romanticizing the mother as the best possible caretaker. As the Court has recognized, we cannot simply accept existing gendered family patterns as results of freely made individual choices. Persistently gendered family care becomes self-fulfilling, and solidifies the very inequalities — economic, political and social — that the law strives to dislodge. Given that mothers' unequal burden in the home is a fulcrum of broader sex discrimination, it is particularly disturbing that one of the most persistent strains in contemporary culture is a celebration of mothers' domesticity and their role as the default parent, and that women's rights organizations are buying in. The "new maternalism," as we call it, is evident along the political spectrum and across popular culture, from Sarah Palin's Mama Grizzlies to the internet advocacy group Moms Rising, and from movies, television and advertising to countless "mommy blogs." This phenomenon amounts to a distinctive, post-feminist understanding of motherhood that studiously avoids engaging with the gendered division of parenting and refuses to make any demands on men. By appealing to mothers, and not fathers, new maternalism risks reinforcing mothers' second shift and the countless inequalities that flow from it. The sophisticated policy advocates who participate in the promotion of new maternalism have made a strategic choice to tap a culturally potent, contemporary form of gender identity politics. But they jeopardize their own advocacy goals when parenting and care work are cast in exclusively female terms, as a new—but fundamentally retro and feminine — maternalism. Our analysis of the culture of new maternalism and its legal consequences comes from a deep appreciation of the enormous value and satisfactions of parenting; new maternalism has such appeal precisely because it correctly embraces what is meaningful about family care. Its error, we contend, lies in the tacit exclusion of men, whether willing or reluctant, from engaged parenting's benefits and responsibilities. We conclude that equality outside the home requires equality inside it, which is why we come out against the new maternalism.


Already a classic of war reporting and now reissued as a Grove Press paperback, "Black Hawk Down" is Mark Bowden s brilliant account of the longest sustained firefight involving American troops since the Vietnam War. On October 3, 1993, about a hundred elite U.S. soldiers were dropped by helicopter into the teeming market in the heart of Mogadishu, Somalia. Their mission was to abduct two top lieutenants of a Somali warlord and return to base. It was supposed to take an hour. Instead, they found themselves pinned down through a long and terrible night fighting against thousands of heavily armed Somalis. The following morning, eighteen Americans were dead and more than seventy had been badly wounded.Drawing on interviews from both sides, army records, audiotapes, and videos (some of the material is still classified), Bowden s minute-by-minute narrative is one of the most exciting accounts of modern combat ever writtena riveting story that captures the heroism, courage, and brutality of battle."


Elizabeth I came to the throne at a time of insecurity and unrest. Rivals threatened her reign; England was a Protestant island, isolated in a sea of Catholic countries. Spain plotted an invasion, but Elizabeth's Secretary, Francis Walsingham, was prepared to do whatever it took to protect her. He ran a network of agents in England and Europe who provided him with information about invasions or assassination plots. He recruited likely young men and 'turned' others. He encouraged Elizabeth to make war against the Catholic Irish rebels, with extreme brutality and oversaw the execution of Mary Queen of Scots. "The Queen's Agent" is a story of secret agents, cryptic codes and ingenious plots, set in a turbulent period of England's history. It is also the story of a man devoted to his queen, sacrificing his every waking hour to save the threatened English state.


Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
at the
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
and the
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
September 2018


A potent and original examination of how the Supreme Court subverted justice and empowered the Jim Crow era.In the following years following the Civil War, the 13th Amendment abolished slavery; the 14th conferred citizenship and equal protection under the law to white and black; and the 15th gave black American males the right to vote. In 1875, the most comprehensive civil rights legislation in the nation's history granted all Americans "the full and equal enjoyment" of public accomodations. Just eight years later, the Supreme Court, by an 8-1 vote, overturned the Civil Rights Act as unconstitutional and, in the process, disemboweled the equal protection provisions of the 14th Amendment. Using court records and accounts of the period, Lawrence Goldstone chronicles how "by the dawn of the 20th century the U.S. had become the nation of Jim Crow laws, quasi-slavery, and precisely the same two-tiered system of justice that had existed in the slave era."The very human story of how and why this happened make Inherently Unequal as important as it is provocative. Examining both celebrated decisions like Plessy v. Ferguson and those often overlooked, Goldstone demonstrates how the Supreme Court turned a blind eye to the obvious reality of racism, defending instead the business establishment and status quo--thereby legalizing the brutal prejudice that came to definite the Jim Crow era.


This Article explores the religious origins of the right to alter or abolish government. I show in Part I that the right was widely accepted among the American colonies as expressed through their constitutions and, later, the federal constitution. In Part II, I usher the reader back in time and across the continent to seventeenth century England. There, I introduce two men who would have abhorred everything about American constitutional democracy - King James I and the philosopher Sir Robert Filmer. Both men, prominent in their respective domains of authority, devoted themselves to the governing axiom that kings were bequeathed a right by God to absolute rule. Part III sketches the seventeenth century arguments of two other Englishmen, also prominent--the philosophers John Locke and Algernon Sidney - who challenged James and Filmer. Locke and Sidney argued that God had never sanctioned the divine right of kings and instead had justified the people's right to overthrow tyrants. The arguments of Locke and Sidney will, as I show in subsequent sections, influence the American clergy who supported war against Britain and the right of revolution in general. Indeed, the development of this connection will occupy me for the remainder of the Article, but, in Part IV, I take a brief respite to summarize the historical circumstances that severely hampered governmental control over religion in colonial America and thus provided partially autonomous spaces for people to reflect on religion, including in ways that would inform their right to alter or abolish government. I illustrate in Part V how several prominent American clergymen, following Locke and Sidney, rejected as impossible the divine and supposedly infallible status of rulers. God, the clergy insisted, was the only one who could claim such infallibility; the clergy warned that rulers would do well to devote themselves to the people's well being, not the former's aggrandizement. In Part VI, I argue that, again echoing Locke and Sidney, a prominent group of American clergymen insisted that, contrary to the anti-democratic jeers of monarchists, God had given people the capacity for reason which enabled them to make meaningful decisions about their political future. I conclude in Part VII by illustrating how the federal and state constitutions following the American Revolution sought to protect conditions for the faithful to contemplate the religious meaning of the right to alter or abolish government.


Computer-based simulation and visualization of acoustics of a virtual scene can aid during the design process of concert halls, lecture rooms, theaters, or living rooms. Because, not only the visual aspect of the room is important, but also its acoustics. In factory floors noise reduction is important since noise is hazardous to health. Despite the obvious dissimilarity between our aural and visual senses, many techniques required for the visualization of photo-realistic images and for the auralization of acoustic environments are quite similar. Both applications can be served by geometric methods such as particle- and ray tracing if we neglect a number of less important effects. By means of the simulation of room acoustics we want to predict the acoustic properties of a virtual model. For auralization, a pulse response filter needs to be assembled for each pair of source and listener positions. The convolution of this filter with an anechoic source signal provides the signal received at the listener position. Hence, the pulse response filter must contain all reverberations (echos) of a unit pulse, including their frequency decompositions due to absorption at different surface materials. For the room acoustic simulation a method named phonon tracing, since it is based on particles, is developed. The approach computes the energy or pressure decomposition for each particle (phonon) sent out from a sound source and uses this in a second pass (phonon collection) to construct the response filters for different listeners. This step can be performed in different precision levels. During the tracing step particle paths and additional information are stored in a so called phonon map. Using this map several sound visualization approaches were developed. From the visualization, the effect of different materials on the spectral energy / pressure distribution can be observed. The first few reflections already show whether certain frequency bands are rapidly absorbed. The absorbing materials can be identified and replaced in the virtual model, improving the overall acoustic quality of the simulated room. Furthermore an insight into the pressure / energy received at the listener position is possible. The phonon tracing algorithm as well as several sound visualization approaches are integrated into a common system utilizing Virtual Reality technologies in order to facilitate the immersion into the virtual scene. The system is a prototype developed within a project at the University of Kaiserslautern and is still a subject of further improvements. It consists of a stereoscopic back-projection system for visual rendering as well as professional audio equipment for auralization purposes.


Book synopsis: Compiled by an expert team of contributors, this dictionary covers all the major figures in world politics of the twentieth century. Authoritative and wide-ranging, it describes and assesses the lives of more than 1,000 men and women who have shaped political events across the world.

Each entry includes an account of the background, career, and achievements of the individual concerned, balancing fact with critical appraisal.


The problem of police interrogation contamination (disclosing or leaking of non-public facts) is pervasive in documented false confessions leading to wrongful conviction. The presence of unique and detailed crime facts in a false confession creates the illusion that the defendant volunteered inside information about the crime that "only the true perpetrator could have known," thus seemingly corroborating a false confession as verifiably true. This article argues that confession contamination occurs because (1) the guilt-presumptive psychology of American police interrogation is designed to trigger and perpetuate confirmation biases that (2) lead investigators - seemingly inadvertently - to provide detailed case information to suspects as part of their pre- and post-admission accusatory interrogation strategies, but (3) has no internal corrective mechanism to catch or reverse investigators' misclassification errors or their confirmatory interrogation techniques. American investigators presume not only the guilt of the suspects they interrogate, but also their guilty knowledge of the crime facts. Interrogators almost invariably disclose detailed case information to presumed guilty suspects through the use a variety of information-conveying techniques - accusations, attacks on denials, evidence ploys, feigned omniscience, inducements and scenarios. In the pre-admission stage, investigators convey and disclose detailed case information as part of their interrogation strategies to move the suspect from denial to admission, whereas in the post-admission stage, interrogators do so as part of their strategies to elicit a complete and persuasive narrative of his guilt. Interrogation contamination corrupts the truth-seeking process and increases the risk that a false confession will lead to a wrongful conviction. In order to eliminate it, investigators must dispense with the presumption of guilt that currently underlies interrogations, seek to better understand the multiple sources of their misclassification errors, and create internal corrective mechanisms that help them identify the confirmation biases and tendency toward tunnel vision that lie at the heart of American-style police interrogation.


If anything, this volume's premise--that the business of Web design is one of constant change-has only proven truer over time. So much so, in fact, that the 12-month design cycles cited in the last edition have shrunk to 6 or even 3 months today. Which is why, more than ever, you need a smart, practical guide that demonstrates how to plan, budget, organize, and manage your Web redesign - or even you initial design - projects from conceptualization to launch. This volume delivers! In these pages Web designer extraordinaire Kelly Goto and coauthor Emily Cotler have distilled their real-world experience into a sound approach to Web redesign workflow that is as much about business priorities as it is about good design. By focusing on where these priorities intersect, Kelly and Emily get straight to the heart of the matter. Each chapter includes a case study that illustrates a key step in the process, and you'll find a plethora of forms, checklists, and worksheets that help you put knowledge into action.


This is a book about traders in financial markets: what they do, the kind of people they are, how they perceive the world they inhabit, how they make decisions and take risks. This is also a book about how traders are managed - the best and the worst examples - and about the institutions they inhabit: firms, markets, cultures, and theories of how the world works. How these institutions function, how traders are managed, and how traders view the world, all have profound effects on the wider financial environment. This book explores these relationships and their implications theoretically and empirically.

The data discussed in this book draw on a three-year project researching the psychological and social influences on the behaviour and performance of traders in investment banks. 118 traders and managers in four leading organizations participated. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews supplemented by questionnaires, measures of personality, risk propensity and a novel computer based measure designed to assess illusion of control and other cognitive biases.

The authors' approach to writing this book is explicitly interdisciplinary. They draw on sociology, psychology and economics in order to illuminate the work of traders and the world they inhabit.

The book is a significant contribution to the growing body of research and literature which suggests that if we are to effectively understand financial markets and the actors who inhabit them, the insights of neo-classical financial economics need supplementing with a broader range of social science approaches.

The book will be of value to researchers interested in the functioning of financial institutions and markets, to those with an interest in market regulation and to practitioners wishing to benefit from an analytical perspective on the challenges facing traders and their managers.


The first edition of The Practice of System and Network Administration introduced a generation of system and network administrators to a modern IT methodology. Whether you use Linux, Unix, or Windows, this newly revised edition describes the essential practices previously handed down only from mentor to protege. This wonderfully lucid, often funny cornucopia of information introduces beginners to advanced frameworks valuable for their entire career, yet is structured to help even the most advanced experts through difficult projects.The book's four major sections build your knowledge with the foundational elements of system administration. These sections guide you through better techniques for upgrades and change management, catalog best practices for IT services, and explore various management topics. Chapters are divided into The Basics and The Icing. When you get the Basics right it makes every other aspect of the job easier--such as automating the right things first. The Icing sections contain all the powerful things that can be done on top of the basics to wow customers and managers.Inside, you'll find advice on topics such as The key elements your networks and systems need in order to make all other services run better Building and running reliable, scalable services, including web, storage, email, printing, and remote access Creating and enforcing security policies Upgrading multiple hosts at one time without creating havoc Planning for and performing flawless scheduled maintenance windows Managing superior helpdesks and customer care Avoiding the "temporary fix" trap Building data centers that improve server uptime Designing networks for speed and reliability Web scaling and security issues Why building a backup system isn't about backups Monitoring what you have and predicting what you will need How technically oriented workers can maintain their job's technical focus (and avoid an unwanted management role) Technical management issues, including morale, organization building, coaching, and maintaining positive visibility Personal skill techniques, including secrets for getting more done each day, ethical dilemmas, managing your boss, and loving your job System administration salary negotiation It's no wonder the first edition received Usenix SAGE's 2005 Outstanding Achievement Award!This eagerly anticipated second edition updates this time-proven classic: Chapters reordered for easier navigation Thousands of updates and clarifications based on reader feedback Plus three entirely new chapters: Web Services, Data Storage, and Documentation


Borden, Louise . Big Brothers Don't Take Naps . Illus.Emma Dodd. New York: Margaret K. McElderry Books, 2011. Print. A sweet, playful look at what older siblings do for their adoring youngers. The book is large-format, and Dodd often draws the children actual-size, which can make for an immersive feel of being in the page. The drawings are fairly simple ink drawings, which emphasize the emotions of the characters well, and they use much colour. The design also plays with fonts and text layout, making space for the adult reader to be a bit more playful in the reading – for example, the rocket ship countdown. As well as naming all the things big brothers can do, the story hints at a family secret: a new baby sister is coming, so Nicholas can himself now be a big brother. The book is a warm, positive story that children up to Kindergarten age will love. Recommended: 3 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Allison Sivak Allison Sivak is the Assessment Librarian at the University of Alberta Libraries. She is currently pursuing her PhD in Library and Information Studies and Elementary Education, focusing on how the aesthetics of information design influence young people's trust in the credibility of information content.


Unstable environments and habitats changing due to climate change force individuals to either respond by genetic adaptation, phenotypic plasticity or by dispersal to suitable environments. Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linneaus, 1758) is a good study organisms when researching phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation as it naturally appears in freshwater (FW) as well as brackish water (BW) and thus inhabits a wide range of environmental salinities (0-18‰). It is a euryhaline snail that can be found in shallow waters with stony ground or on Fucus spp. and has formed regional subgroups. The brackish water and the freshwater subgroups are spatially separated and the species cannot be found in areas inbetween, e.g. estuaries.
The species shows great variability in shell patterning and shell size and there is still debate whether the subgroups are distinguishable by these traits or not. The mitochdrial RNA marker cytochrome c subunit I did not show differences between the subgroups indicating that they must be closely related, but salinity tolerance has been observed to be higher in BW snails. This might be caused by the different protein expression patterns and osmolyte accumulation (measured as ninhydrin-positive substances) observed in this species in previous studies. The exact mechanisms regulating protein expression and osmolyte accumulation, however, are not fully understood yet.
Data collected for this thesis shows differences in shell size and suggests a less strict grouping of FW and BW individuals as shell sizes of one FW site are more similar to BW individuals than the other FW ones. A better salinity tolerance towards high salinities and a higher physiological salinity limit of BW snails was confirmed and extended by demonstrating an expanded tolerance range through slow acclimation to challenging salinities in snails from both subgroups. This was achieved by a shift in the slope of their reaction norms that was much more pronounced in BW snails than FW ones. S3 individuals showed a shift similar to that of BW individuals. The data for the salinity tolerance indicates that the underlying mechanism for these tolerances are a combination of phenotypic plasticity and genetic adaptation. Despite an acclimation and shift in the slope of the reaction norms and therefore an increased tolerance towards high salinities (plasticity) FW individuals from two collection sites were not able to cope with salinities as high as BW individuals (local adaptation). The general ability to mobilise free amino acids (FAA) as organic osmolytes was not the reason for this tolerance difference. Individuals from BW and FW sites were capable of accumulating quantities of FAAs equally well. Proline, alanine and urea were the most important components of the accumulated cocktail of organic osmolytes. Even though the total amount of FAAs accumulated under hyperosmotic conditions was the same in both subgroups, there were differences in the metabolic pathways involved in osmolyte accumulation in the foot muscle. The data indicates that the hydrolysis of storage proteins and the synthesis of proline and alanine are the main processes to avoid detrimental body volume shrinkage in T. fluviatilis. While FW individuals seemed to rely on the degradation of proteins and synthesis of alanine, BW individuals depended on newly synthesising proline and alanine and accumulating urea as a side product of transamination. The accumulation of urea is a new finding in aquatic living snails and has not been reported as a mechanism to avoid cell volume shrinkage in these animals.
Differing protein expression patterns were observed under control conditions across all collection sites. 9 spots showed volume changes in BW snails opposite to those of FW snails from collection sites S1 and S2. For 6 of those spots, S3 individuals showed patterns similar to those of BW individuals and for the remaining 3 they showed patterns similar to those of FW animals. The patterns observed when exposing snails to hypo- or hyperosmotic stress were not conclusive in relation to pinpointing individual spots that show the same pattern in all collection sites, but revealed the heterogeneity of protein expression in snails from the different collection sites and in the process of osmoregulation. It also showed the general tendency of protein reduction when snails where under osmotic stress of either kind (hypo- or hyperosmotic), which supports the hypothesis of storage protein degradation.
The investigation of an ANP-receptor showed two variations of the encoding sequence expressed in T. fluviatilis. S3 individuals as well as BW individuals were found to express one type, while FW individuals, with the exception of one sample expressed the other type. This showed that the FW subgroup of T. fluviatilis seems to be more heterogeneous than the BW subgroup, but also raises the question of the dispersal history of this species. The collected data indicates that T. fluviatilis individuals are firstly capable of surviving the acidity of a duck's gizzard and secondly can tolerate acute salinity changes to 16‰ when introduced into a new environment. Hence, if snails from the FW were to be transported to waters with a salinity of up to 16‰ by man, bird, drifting plants or some other means of transport, they would most likely survive and possibly be able to thrive and spread.


Hailed by Henry James as "the finest piece of imaginative writing yet put forth in the country, " Nathaniel Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter" reaches to our nation's historical and moral roots for the material of great tragedy. Set in an early New England colony, the novel shows the terrible impact a single, passionate act has on the lives of three members of the community: the defiant Hester Prynne; the fiery, tortured Reverend Dimmesdale; and the obsessed, vengeful Chillingworth. With "The Scarlet Letter," Hawthorne became the first American novelist to forge from our Puritan heritage a universal classic, a masterful exploration of humanity's unending struggle with sin, guilt and pride.


We present an effort for the development of multilingual named entity grammars in a unification-based finite-state formalism (SProUT). Following an extended version of the MUC7 standard, we have developed Named Entity Recognition grammars for German, Chinese, Japanese, French, Spanish, English, and Czech. The grammars recognize person names, organizations, geographical locations, currency, time and date expressions. Subgrammars and gazetteers are shared as much as possible for the grammars of the different languages. Multilingual corpora from the business domain are used for grammar development and evaluation. The annotation format (named entity and other linguistic information) is described. We present an evaluation tool which provides detailed statistics and diagnostics, allows for partial matching of annotations, and supports user-defined mappings between different annotation and grammar output formats.


The Upper Triassic to Middle Jurassic Wilhelmoya Subgroup forms one of the more suitable reservoir units on the Norwegian Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. The target siliciclastic storage unit, which is encountered at approx. 670 m depth at the potential injection site in Adventdalen, central Spitsbergen, is a severely under-pressured (at least 35 bar), tight and compartmentalised reservoir with significant contribution of natural fractures to permeability. In this contribution, we characterise the 15–24 m-thick Wilhelmoya Subgroup storage unit using both borehole and outcrop data and present water-injection test results that indicate the presence of fluid-flow barriers and the generation of new, and propagation of pre-existing natural fractures during injection. Whole core samples from drillcores and outcrops were sampled for pore network characterisation and analysed using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (Micro-CT). We demonstrate that heterogeneities such as structural discontinuities, igneous bodies and lateral facies variations, as examined in well core and equivalent outcrops, will strongly influence fluid flow in the target reservoir, both by steering and baffling fluid migration. Many of these heterogeneities are considered to be subseismic, and their detailed characterisation is important to predict subsurface CO2 storage potential and optimise injection strategy.