Go Beyond The Ordinary With Your Next Presentation... ...provide a well-designed and rich multimedia experience!Wouldn't it be great if you could have two of the most sought-after graphic design professionals sitting next to you at your computer as you navigate through the infinite possibilities of your next important presentation? How to Wow with PowerPoint is the next best thing. It's the brainchild of Richard Harrington and Scott Rekdal, who have developed an incredible way to help you reach your full creative potential. A book for non-designers, Richard and Scott guide you step by step through realworld projects with an emphasis on cutting through the clutter and focusing on good design principles as a more effective way to build presentations. You'll receive tips and techniques on everything from selecting and preparing images to integrating sound and motion. Whether it's adding effective transitions to your slides or making the presentation technically sound and mobile, you'll be given the tools at every stage of the creative process in order to learn How to Wow! We begin with the important essentials of typography, layout, and design, and move on to creating tables, charts, graphs, and custom templates. Next comes the fun stuff, with projects focusing on audio and video files and integrating Flash. Finally, there is a chapter devoted to exporting and publishing, including how to create handouts, upload to the Web, and other ways to share your presentation. On the How to Wow CD-ROM is everything you'll need to complete the projects. The How to Wow CD-ROM Makes it a Snap! The How to Wow with PowerPoint companion CD at the back of this book contains all the files you'll need, including: Easy to use PowerPoint templates for each chapter to help you navigate through these projects and learn essential techniques. And you can modify the templates later for your own presentations. PLUS all the photographs, video and audio files used in the projects! Follow along with the lessons to dramatically increase your understanding of how these features are used and how they can be applied to your work, everyday! Extra presentation goodies that are ready to use such as stock photos, fonts, backgrounds, extra templates, and checklists to help you wow your audience.


A milestone in modern thought, "Space, Time and Architecture" has been reissued many times since its first publication in 1941 and translated into half a dozen languages. In this revised edition of Mr. Giedion's classic work, major sections have been added and there are 81 new illustrations. The chapters on leading contemporary architects have been greatly expanded. There is new material on the later development of Frank Lloyd Wright and the more recent buildings of Walter Gropius, particularly his American Embassy in Athens. In his discussion of Le Corbusier, Mr. Giedion provides detailed analyses of the Carpenter Center at Harvard University, Le Corbusier's only building in the United States, and his Priory of La Tourette near Lyons. There is a section on his relations with his clients and an assessment of his influence on contemporary architecture, including a description of the Le Corbusier Center in Zurich (designed just before his death], which houses his works of art. The chapters on Mies van der Rohe and Alvar Aalto have been brought up to date with examples of their buildings in the sixties. There is an entirely new chapter on the Danish architect Jorn Utzon, whose work, as exemplified in his design for the Sydney Opera House, Mr. Giedion considers representative of post-World War II architectural concepts. A new essay, "Changing Notions of the City," traces the evolution of the structure of the city throughout history and examines current attempts to deal with urban growth, as shown in the work of such architects as Jose Luis Sert, Kenzo Tange, and Fumihiko Maki. Mr. Sert's Peabody Terrace is discussed as an example of the interlocking of the collective and individual spheres. Finally, the conclusion has been enlarged to include a survey of the limits of the organic in architecture.


The practice of divorce in classical Athens sheds light on relationships which are fundamental to our understanding of Athenian society: between husband and wife, between separate households, and between household and state. The power which informs these relationships, as illuminated by divorce, can be measured not only in juridical terms, but in social and economic terms as well. The main primary sources for the study of divorce in classical Athens are the forensic speeches of the Attic orators. These speeches show that whereas it was easy, legally, to obtain a divorce, it was often complicated in actual practice. Divorce, in fact, was often avoided—even when the state intervened to mandate the dissolution of a marriage—and I argue that the practice of divorce, as opposed to the laws governing it, reveals an unexpected balance of power between the constituents to an Athenian marriage.


This article updates the traditional discussion of privacy and technology, focused since the days of Warren and Brandeis on the capacity of technology to manipulate information. It includes a novel dimension around the impact to privacy of anthropomorphic or social design. Technologies designed to emulate people - through voice, animation, and natural language - are increasingly commonplace, showing up in our cars, computers, phones, and homes. A rich literature in communications and psychology suggests that we are hardwired to react to such technology as though a person were actually present. Social interfaces accordingly capture our attention and improve interactivity, and can free up our hands for other tasks. At the same time, technologies that emulate people have the potential to implicate long-standing privacy values. One of the well-documented effects of interfaces and devices that emulate people is the sensation of being observed and evaluated. Their presence can alter our attitude, behavior, and physiological state. Widespread adoption of such technology may accordingly lessen opportunities for solitude and chill curiosity and self-development. These effects are all the more dangerous in that they cannot be addressed through traditional privacy protections such as encryption or anonymization. The unique properties of social technology also present an opportunity to improve privacy, particularly online. Careful use of anthropomorphic design might one day replace today's ineffective privacy policies with a direct, visceral notice that lines up our experience with actual information practice.


In missing data analysis, there is often a need to assess the sensitivity of key inferences to departures from untestable assumptions regarding the missing data process. Such sensitivity analysis often requires specifying a missing data model which commonly assumes parametric functional forms for the predictors of missingness. In this paper, we relax the parametric assumption and investigate the use of a generalized additive missing data model. We also consider the possibility of a non-linear relationship between missingness and the potentially missing outcome, whereas the existing literature commonly assumes a more restricted linear relationship. To avoid the computational complexity, we adopt an index approach for local sensitivity. We derive explicit formulas for the resulting semiparametric sensitivity index. The computation of the index is simple and completely avoids the need to repeatedly fit the semiparametric nonignorable model. Only estimates from the standard software analysis are required with a moderate amount of additional computation. Thus, the semiparametric index provides a fast and robust method to adjust the standard estimates for nonignorable missingness. An extensive simulation study is conducted to evaluate the effects of misspecifying the missing data model and to compare the performance of the proposed approach with the commonly used parametric approaches. The simulation study shows that the proposed method helps reduce bias that might arise from the misspecification of the functional forms of predictors in the missing data model. We illustrate the method in a Wage Offer dataset.


The financial crisis has prompted a number of fundamental questions, not least of which is the relationship between financial institutions and regulators. In particular, the reputation of principles based regulation (PBR), lauded as a key example of 'new governance' techniques of regulation prior to the crisis, has taken a severe battering. Detailed rules did not fare much better, but advocates of 'new governance' techniques would not have expected them to: their failure was to be expected. It is the fate of PBR that should therefore cause us to look long and hard at what has become increasingly accepted wisdom amongst regulatory scholars and 'better regulation' practitioners over the last decade or so. This paper asks what lessons can be learned from the crisis as to the effectiveness and appropriate role of principles based regulation, and what future it may have. It sets out four 'ideal types' of PBR in the Weberian sense: analytical constructs that are rationalised abstractions of particular practices: formal, substantive, dyadic and polycentric PBR. It then charts the rise and fall of PBR in financial regulation over the last few years and offers some tentative predictions for its future.


Better analysis for more accurate international financial valuation
International Financial Statement Analysis provides the most up-to-date detail for the successful assessment of company performance and financial position regardless of country of origin. The seasoned experts at the CFA Institute offer readers a rich, clear reference, covering all aspects from financial reporting mechanics and standards to understanding income and balance sheets. Comprehensive guidance toward effective analysis techniques helps readers make real-world use of the knowledge presented, with this new third edition containing the most current standards and methods for the post-crisis world. Coverage includes the complete statement analysis process, plus information on income tax accounting, employee compensation, and the impact of foreign exchange rates on the statements of multinational corporations.
Financial statement analysis gives investment professionals important insights into the true financial condition of a company. With it, realistic valuations can be made for investment, lending, or merger and acquisition purposes. The process is becoming increasingly complex, but this book helps readers deal with the practical challenges that arise at the international level.

Understand the accounting mechanics behind financial reporting
Discover the differences between statements from around the world
Learn how each financial statement element affects securities valuation
Master analysis for clues into operations and risk characteristics

Amid an uncertain global economic climate, in today's volatile international markets, the ability to effectively evaluate financial statements is a critical skill. Standards and conditions are continuously evolving, and investment professionals need a strong, up-to-date resource for the latest rules and best practices. International Financial Statement Analysis provides this and more, with clarity and expert advice.


The "Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds," since its inception, has been recognized as a cornerstone of heterocyclic chemistry. Each volume attempts to discuss all aspects - properties, synthesis, reactions, physiological and industrial significance - of a specific ring system. To keep the series up-to-date, supplementary volumes covering the recent literature on each individual ring system have been published. Many ring systems (such as pyridines and oxazoles) are treated in distinct books, each consisting of separate volumes or parts dealing with different individual topics. With all authors are recognized authorities, the "Chemistry of Heterocyclic Chemistry" is considered worldwide as the indispensable resource for organic, bioorganic, and medicinal chemists.


Coordination of distributed agents is required for problems arising in many areas, including multi-robot systems, networking and e-commerce. As a formal framework for such problems, we use the decentralized partially observable Markov decision process (DEC-POMDP). Though much work has been done on optimal dynamic programming algorithms for the single-agent version of the problem, optimal algorithms for the multiagent case have been elusive. The main contribution of this paper is an optimal policy iteration algorithm for solving DEC-POMDPs. The algorithm uses stochastic finite-state controllers to represent policies. The solution can include a correlation device, which allows agents to correlate their actions without communicating. This approach alternates between expanding the controller and performing value-preserving transformations, which modify the controller without sacrificing value. We present two efficient value-preserving transformations: one can reduce the size of the controller and the other can improve its value while keeping the size fixed. Empirical results demonstrate the usefulness of value-preserving transformations in increasing value while keeping controller size to a minimum. To broaden the applicability of the approach, we also present a heuristic version of the policy iteration algorithm, which sacrifices convergence to optimality. This algorithm further reduces the size of the controllers at each step by assuming that probability distributions over the other agents' actions are known. While this assumption may not hold in general, it helps produce higher quality solutions in our test problems.


−− In this paper, design and manufacturing of a manipulator with joint elasticity is described while different base positions are considered. First, the kinematics and dynamic equations of the mechanism with flexible joints for the three major axis of the mobile robot are derived and simulated. Next, computational technique for obtaining maximum load carrying capacity of robotic manipulators with joint elasticity is described while different base positions are considered. The maximum load carrying capacity that can be achieved by a robotic manipulator during a given trajectory is limited by number of factors. Probably the most important factors are the actuator limitations, joint elasticity (transmissions, reducers and servo drive system) and relative configuration of robot with respect to its base. Finally, the manipulator is tested for a given trajectory in order to find the characteristics of the designed manipulator. While the manipulator is designed to carry the maximum load, end-effector's speed, robot's compatibility with the operator's condition, and accuracy are the most important applicable points of the manipulator. Therefore, the manipulator in different trajectories with various speeds and loads are tested, and then the results are analyzed. Keywords−− Modeling and Simulation, Manipulator, Flexible Joints.


Protein degradation in bovine milk affects the quality of dairy products. Alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT) can protect vulnerable elastic tissues from degradation by neutrophil elastase. The aim of this study was to assess the association of polymorphisms in bovine AAT gene with milk yield and milk composition in Chinese Holstein. Traits analyzed were fat percentage, protein percentage, 305-day milk yield and somatic cell score (SCS). Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), created restriction site-polymerase chain reaction (CRS-PCR) and allele specific-polymerase chain reaction (AS-PCR) methods were used to genotype five loci in coding regions of the sequence, including position 5504, 5609, 5624, 5747 and 8178 in Chinese Holstein. The five mutations were all silent mutation that caused no alteration in the amino acid sequence. In order to determine the relationship between the polymorphisms of the AAT gene and milk production traits and SCS, the General Linear Model (GLM) procedure from the Statistical Analysis Software was used. SNP5504 affected milk fat percentage, SNP8178 affected milk protein percentage and SNP5609 and SNP5624 affected 305-day milk yield. These results suggest that AAT is a candidate gene that influences milk production traits and it could be implemented in breeding programmes to improve the production performance of Chinese Holstein cattle. Keywords : Dairy cattle, α1-protease inhibitor, SNPs, milk traits, somatic cell score


This paper examines certain theoretical constructs in law, legal theory, and communications theory that relate to secondary liability and its applicability to regulating online behavior. The central thesis of this paper is that a theoretical basis for ascribing legal responsibility to third parties can be based on that party's constitutive role in enabling illegal acts of others to produce social harm. Specifically, that the provision by an Internet service provider (ISP) of access to the enabling technical infrastructure - the network medium - in itself creates a responsibility base for mitigating social harm arising from the use of that infrastructure based on the effects of the mediation in furthering or contributing to the harm. The purpose of this paper is to explore certain theoretical constructs in order to develop an analytic framework that is potentially useful in delineating the appropriate scope, and under what circumstances and rationale, legal responsibility can be ascribed to ISPs for the actions of their users. Thus, in Part I we examine the theoretical basis for legal responsibility; in Part II, we review the existing doctrines of secondary liability as applied in particular contexts, (copyright, defamation, respondeat superior) in Part III, we suggest a performative standard for assessing ISP liability; in Part IV, we develop a preliminary approach for applying a constitutive standard for third party liability to ISPs; and, in Part V, we set out areas for further development. Applying the constitutive paradigm for legal responsibility, ISPs can be ascribed liability for providing access to the network and for their user's misconduct in so far as network access (or other services) give the conduct its effect. ISPs acquire subject-responsibility by virtue of their role in enabling the condition for user misconduct and object-responsibility for the online status of their user itself. These dual responsibility relationships provide a responsibility base for the harmful affects of the user's behavior. Additionally, the possession and exercise of the power to control harmful online conduct is itself a basis for assigning responsibility for mitigating the social harm. This paper explores third party liability under various theoretical constructs, including a constitutive paradigm for responsibility, existing legal doctrines of secondary liability, and a performative evaluation of effect. In Part IV we put forward a tentative framework for applying a performative standard for constitutive responsibility on ISPs for user misconduct based on negligence. However, this paper is not intended to be a definitive statement of these issues, but rather a preliminary research agenda delineating certain areas for further exploration. Finding or developing legal theories under which to impose responsibility on third parties without creating unwanted incentives for overdeterrence of desirable conduct is a difficult task. It is our position articulated here that constitutive liability for such third parties can be imposed directly based on an understanding of the performative affect of providing services that enable user misconduct to result in social harm.


How should international treaties be interpreted over time? This book offers fresh insights on this age-old question. The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties (VCLT) sets out the rules for interpretation, stipulating that treaties should be interpreted inter alia according to the 'ordinary meaning' of the text. Evolutive interpretation has been considered since the times of Gentili and Grotius, but this is the first book to systematically address what evolutive interpretation looks like in reality. It sets out to address how and under what circumstances it can be said that the interpretation of a treaty evolves, and under what circumstances it remains static. With the VCLT as its point of departure, this study develops a functional reconstruction of the rules of treaty interpretation, and explores and analyses how the International Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights have approached the issue.


The Great Recession had a large impact on unemployment rates and growth in wealthy industrial countries. When the recession began most rich countries were experiencing an increase in labor force participation rates after age 60. This paper examines whether the downturn slowed or reversed the trend toward higher old-age participation rates. We use straightforward time series analysis to test for a break in labor force trends after 2007. Our results indicate that the average rate of increase in labor force participation slowed in only a handful of countries. Averaging across all 20 countries in our sample, we find that the average pace of labor force participation increase was faster after 2007 than before. Countries that experienced unusually severe downturns represent exceptions to this generalization. In most countries, however, the trend toward later retirement not only continued, it accelerated.


Purpose The purpose of this study was to encourage Sport & Exercise Level 1 students to use the discussion board facility in the Blackboard Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) in order to engage them in online collaborative learning of This was achieved by using notions of scaffolding, reflection and situated learning in delivering the information literacy (IL) elements of the programme. Delivery of the programme was carried out in a blended fashion (a mix of face-to-face and online interventions). The study is part of a PhD pilot study and a Learning & Teaching Fellowship project undertaken by the main author. information literacy. Methodology This was a quasi-experimental design using both qualitative and quantitative strategies. Qualitative data was gathered via: capturing student postings and examining their content; a questionnaire administered at the end of the module and from Focus Group responses. Quantitative data was gathered via pre and post delivery tests and by calculating numbers of postings and time taken by students to make initial postings. Findings This paper indicates that it is possible to engage students in even the most detailed aspects of IL (for example, breaking down a URL as a criterion for evaluating a web site or where to place commas in a reference) if the appropriate tasks (involving active hands on, collaborative working), settings (within a subject based module during a timetabled session) and assessments (task based with some form of evaluation and reflection) are used. Discussion board output captured via VLE provides a rich insight into what students learn as they tackle IL online activities. From the tutors' perspective the process of iteration used in the evaluation activities was successful and was an unanticipated outcome of the delivery. It can be seen that by seeding online discussions with student comments 'moments of iteration' were provided which enabled IL learning to be articulated in increasing detail. Practical implications We feel that the study shows that IL programmes underpinned with a productive collaborative relationship between support services and faculty is central to successful delivery. Scaffolded learning has two benefits: as a successful pedagogical technique within online collaborative learning (OCL) and as a mechanism for realising the iterative process within IL itself. A new process map showing how to structure this within the Blackboard discussion board facility is put forward for the purposes of improving future delivery and providing the basis for further research. However, the research also revealed that more work is required both in terms of courseware development and in articulating more robust techniques for analysing discussion content. Originality Providing learning opportunities via means of online collaborative learning to level 1 Sport & Exercise students is a novel approach to the delivery of IL in the university sector.


This is a one-of-a-kind reference for anyone with a serious interest in mathematics. Edited by Timothy Gowers, a recipient of the Fields Medal, it presents nearly two hundred entries, written especially for this book by some of the world's leading mathematicians, that introduce basic mathematical tools and vocabulary; trace the development of modern mathematics; explain essential terms and concepts; examine core ideas in major areas of mathematics; describe the achievements of scores of famous mathematicians; explore the impact of mathematics on other disciplines such as biology, finance, and music--and much, much more. Unparalleled in its depth of coverage, The Princeton Companion to Mathematics surveys the most active and exciting branches of pure mathematics, providing the context and broad perspective that are vital at a time of increasing specialization in the field. Packed with information and presented in an accessible style, this is an indispensable resource for undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics as well as for researchers and scholars seeking to understand areas outside their specialties. Features nearly 200 entries, organized thematically and written by an international team of distinguished contributors Presents major ideas and branches of pure mathematics in a clear, accessible style Defines and explains important mathematical concepts, methods, theorems, and open problems Introduces the language of mathematics and the goals of mathematical research Covers number theory, algebra, analysis, geometry, logic, probability, and more Traces the history and development of modern mathematics Profiles more than ninety-five mathematicians who influenced those working today Explores the influence of mathematics on other disciplines Includes bibliographies, cross-references, and a comprehensive index Contributors incude: Graham Allan, Noga Alon, George Andrews, Tom Archibald, Sir Michael Atiyah, David Aubin, Joan Bagaria, Keith Ball, June Barrow-Green, Alan Beardon, David D. Ben-Zvi, Vitaly Bergelson, Nicholas Bingham, Bla Bollobs, Henk Bos, Bodil Branner, Martin R. Bridson, John P. Burgess, Kevin Buzzard, Peter J. Cameron, Jean-Luc Chabert, Eugenia Cheng, Clifford C. Cocks, Alain Connes, Leo Corry, Wolfgang Coy, Tony Crilly, Serafina Cuomo, Mihalis Dafermos, Partha Dasgupta, Ingrid Daubechies, Joseph W. Dauben, John W. Dawson Jr., Francois de Gandt, Persi Diaconis, Jordan S. Ellenberg, Lawrence C. Evans, Florence Fasanelli, Anita Burdman Feferman, Solomon Feferman, Charles Fefferman, Della Fenster, Jos Ferreirs, David Fisher, Terry Gannon, A. Gardiner, Charles C. Gillispie, Oded Goldreich, Catherine Goldstein, Fernando Q. Gouva, Timothy Gowers, Andrew Granville, Ivor Grattan-Guinness, Jeremy Gray, Ben Green, Ian Grojnowski, Niccol Guicciardini, Michael Harris, Ulf Hashagen, Nigel Higson, Andrew Hodges, F. E. A. Johnson, Mark Joshi, Kiran S. Kedlaya, Frank Kelly, Sergiu Klainerman, Jon Kleinberg, Israel Kleiner, Jacek Klinowski, Eberhard Knobloch, Jnos Kollr, T. W. Krner, Michael Krivelevich, Peter D. Lax, Imre Leader, Jean-Franois Le Gall, W. B. R. Lickorish, Martin W. Liebeck, Jesper Ltzen, Des MacHale, Alan L. Mackay, Shahn Majid, Lech Maligranda, David Marker, Jean Mawhin, Barry Mazur, Dusa McDuff, Colin McLarty, Bojan Mohar, Peter M. Neumann, Catherine Nolan, James Norris, Brian Osserman, Richard S. Palais, Marco Panza, Karen Hunger Parshall, Gabriel P. Paternain, Jeanne Peiffer, Carl Pomerance, Helmut Pulte, Bruce Reed, Michael C. Reed, Adrian Rice, Eleanor Robson, Igor Rodnianski, John Roe, Mark Ronan, Edward Sandifer, Tilman Sauer, Norbert Schappacher, Andrzej Schinzel, Erhard Scholz, Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze, Gordon Slade, David J. Spiegelhalter, Jacqueline Stedall, Arild Stubhaug, Madhu Sudan, Terence Tao, Jamie Tappenden, C. H. Taubes, Rdiger Thiele, Burt Totaro, Lloyd N. Trefethen, Dirk van Dalen, Richard Weber, Dominic Welsh, Avi Wigderson, Herbert Wilf, David Wilkins, B. Yandell, Eric Zaslow, Doron Zeilberger


This is a startlingly original book about creating and maintaining happiness, written by a top Google executive with an engineer's training and fondness for thoroughly analyzing a problem.

In 2001, Mo Gawdat, a remarkable thinker whose gifts had landed him top positions in half a dozen companies and who – in his spare time – had created significant wealth, realized that he was desperately unhappy. A lifelong learner, he attacked the problem as an engineer would, examining all the provable facts and scrupulously following logic. When he was finished, he had discovered the equation for enduring happiness.

Ten years later, that research saved him from despair when his college-aged son, Ali – also intellectually gifted – died during routine surgery. In dealing with the loss, Mo found his mission: he would pull off the type of 'moonshot' that he and his Google [X] colleagues were always aiming for: he would help ten million people become happier by pouring his happiness principles into a book and spreading its message around the world.

One of Solve for Happy's key premises is that happiness is a default state. If we shape expectations to acknowledge the full range of possible events, unhappiness is on its way to being defeated. To steer clear of unhappiness traps, we must dispel the six illusions that cloud our thinking (e.g., the illusion of time, of control, and of fear); overcome the brain's seven deadly defects (e.g., the tendency to exaggerate, label, and filter), and embrace five ultimate truths (e.g., change is real, now is real, unconditional love is real).

By means of several highly original thought experiments, Mo helps readers find enduring contentment by questioning some of the most fundamental aspects of their existence.


Ray Bradbury, the undisputed Dean of American storytelling, dips his accomplished pen into the cryptic inkwell of noir and creates a stylish and slightly fantastical tale of mayhem and murder set among the shadows and the murky canals of Venice, California, in the early 1950s. Toiling away amid the looming palm trees and decaying bungalows, a struggling young writer (who bears a resemblance to the author) spins fantastic stories from his fertile imagination upon his clacking typewriter. Trying not to miss his girlfriend (away studying in Mexico), the nameless writer steadily crafts his literary effort--until strange things begin happening around him. Starting with a series of peculiar phone calls, the writer then finds clumps of seaweed on his doorstep. But as the incidents escalate, his friends fall victim to a series of mysterious "accidents"--some of them fatal. Aided by Elmo Crumley, a savvy, street-smart detective, and a reclusive actress of yesteryear with an intense hunger for life, the wordsmith sets out to find the connection between the bizarre events, and in doing so, uncovers the truth about his own creative abilities.


The fast and easy way to get up and running with Windows 10 Windows 10 For Dummies covers the latest version of Windows and gets you up and running with the changes and new features you'll find in this updated operating system. Packed with time-saving tips to help you get the most out of the software, this helpful Windows 10 guide shows you how to manage Windows tasks like navigating the interface with a mouse or touchscreen, connecting to the web, and troubleshooting problems and making quick fixes. Assuming no prior knowledge of the software, Windows 10 For Dummies addresses the updates to Windows and shows you how to get things accomplished. Focusing on the features you'll go to again and again, this new edition of this bestselling tech book will have you quickly finding files, connecting to the Web, gathering your email and social accounts in one spot, managing apps, creating and managing accounts, using online tools, customizing your settings, and so much moremaking you a Windows whiz in no time. Helps you navigate the twists and turns of the updated Windows interface Provides easy-to-follow answers to all of your Windows questions Illustrates the new features of Windows 10 Quickly gets you up to speed on figuring out the changes to the latest version of Windows Whether you're new to Windows or just looking to get up to speed on what's changed in its latest release, this is the only resource you'll need.


This article reports the conclusions of an empirical study of every murder conviction in Colorado between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2010. Our goal was to determine: 1) What percentage of first degree murderers in Colorado were eligible for the death penalty; and 2) How often the death penalty was sought against these killers. More importantly, our broader purpose was to determine whether Colorado's statutory aggravating factors meaningfully narrow the class of death eligible offenders as required by the Constitution. We discovered that while the death penalty was an option in approximately ninety two percent of all first degree murders, it was sought by the prosecution initially in only three percent of those killings, pursued all the way through sentencing in only one percent of those killings, and obtained in only 0.6 percent of all cases. These numbers compel the conclusion that Colorado's capital sentencing system fails to satisfy the constitutional imperative of creating clear, statutory standards for distinguishing between the few who are executed and the many who commit murder. The Eighth Amendment requires that these determinations of life and death be made at the level of reasoned legislative judgment, and not on an ad hoc basis by prosecutors. The Supreme Court has emphasized that a State's capital sentencing statute must serve the "constitutionally necessary function . . . [of] circumscrib[ing] the class of persons eligible for the death penalty" such that only the very worst killers are eligible for the law's ultimate punishment. Colorado's system is unconstitutional under this standard because nearly all first degree murderers are statutorily eligible to be executed.


In this new and substantially revised edition of H. J. Rose's classic survey and analysis of the evolution and tradition of Greek myth, Robin Hard adds various features which bring the work up-to-date with contemporary scholarship and address the needs of students. * a new preface analysing and contextualising H. J. Rose's attitude to myth * a new chapter devoted to the epic and other poetic sources of the myths, narrative prose mythography and the various forms of rationalisation * a new chapter examining the relationship between the different myths of Gods and heroes, with genealogical tables. Robin Hard shows how the myths of individual families and distinct locations hold together to form a coherent pseudo-historical pattern * extensively revises and simplifies notes * a new annotated bibliography. A Handbook of Greek Mythology presents a invaluable and user-friendly guide to the myths and legends of ancient Greece - their genesis, sources, development and significance.


This sourcebook documents and analyzes a range of government-led school meals programs to provide decision-makers and practitioners worldwide with the knowledge, evidence and good practice they need to strengthen their national school feeding efforts. The sourcebook includes a compilation of concise and comprehensive country case-studies. It highlights the trade-offs associated with alternative school feeding models and analyzes the overarching themes, trends and challenges which run across them.


Computing is a domain of knowledge. Knowledge is truthful information that embedded into the right network of conceptual interrelations can be used to understand a subject or solve a problem. According to this definition, Physics, Biology but also Mathematics, Engineering, Social Sciences and Cooking are all domains of knowledge.
 This definition encompasses both, scientific knowledge about physical phenomena and engineering knowledge applied to design and build artefacts. For all domains of knowledge, Mathematics and Logic provide the models and their underlying laws; they formalize a priori knowledge which is independent of experience.Computing with Physics and Biology is a basic domain of knowledge. In contrast to the other basic domains, it is rooted in a priori knowledge and deals with the study of information processing - both what can be computed and how to compute it.
 To understand and master the world, domains of knowledge share two common methodological principles. They use abstraction hierarchies to cope with scale problems. To cope with complexity, they use modularity. We point out similarities and differences in the application of these two methodological principles and discuss inherent limitations common to all domains.
 In particular, we attempt a comparison between natural systems and computing systems by addressing two issues: 1) Linking physicality and computation; 2) Linking natural and artificial intelligence.
 Computing and Physical Sciences share a common objective: the study of dynamic systems. A big difference is that physical systems are inherently synchronous. They cannot be studied without reference to time-space while models of computation ignore physical time and resources. Physical systems are driven by uniform laws while computing systems are driven by laws enforced by their designers. Another important difference lies in the discrete nature of Computing that limits its ability to fully capture physical phenomena. Linking physicality and computation is at the core of the emerging Cyber physical systems discipline. We discuss limitations in bridging the gap between physical and discrete computational phenomena, stemming from the identified differences.
 Living organisms intimately combine intertwined physical and computational phenomena that have a deep impact on their development and evolution. They share common characteristics with computing systems such as the use of memory and languages. Compared to conscious thinking, computers are much faster and more precise. This confers computers the ability to successfully compete with humans in solving problems that involve the exploration of large spaces of solutions or the combination of predefined knowledge e.g. AlphaGo's winning performance. We consider that Intelligence is the ability to formalize human knowledge and create knowledge by applying rules of reasoning. Under this definition, a first limitation stems from our apparent inability to formalize natural languages and create models for reasoning about the world. A second limitation comes from the fact that computers cannot discover induction hypotheses as a consequence of Gödel's incompleteness theorems.
 We conclude by arguing that Computing drastically contributes to the development of knowledge through cross-fertilization with other domains as well as enhanced predictability and designability. In particular, it complements and enriches our understanding of the world with a constructive and computational view different from the declarative and analytic adopted by physical sciences.


In the thesis the author presents a mathematical model which describes the behaviour of the acoustical pressure (sound), produced by a bass loudspeaker. The underlying physical propagation of sound is described by the non--linear isentropic Euler system in a Lagrangian description. This system is expanded via asymptotical analysis up to third order in the displacement of the membrane of the loudspeaker. The differential equations which describe the behaviour of the key note and the first order harmonic are compared to classical results. The boundary conditions, which are derived up to third order, are based on the principle that the small control volume sticks to the boundary and is allowed to move only along it. Using classical results of the theory of elliptic partial differential equations, the author shows that under appropriate conditions on the input data the appropriate mathematical problems admit, by the Fredholm alternative, unique solutions. Moreover, certain regularity results are shown. Further, a novel Wave Based Method is applied to solve appropriate mathematical problems. However, the known theory of the Wave Based Method, which can be found in the literature, so far, allowed to apply WBM only in the cases of convex domains. The author finds the criterion which allows to apply the WBM in the cases of non--convex domains. In the case of 2D problems we represent this criterion as a small proposition. With the aid of this proposition one is able to subdivide arbitrary 2D domains such that the number of subdomains is minimal, WBM may be applied in each subdomain and the geometry is not altered, e.g. via polygonal approximation. Further, the same principles are used in the case of 3D problem. However, the formulation of a similar proposition in cases of 3D problems has still to be done. Next, we show a simple procedure to solve an inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation using WBM. This procedure, however, is rather computationally expensive and can probably be improved. Several examples are also presented. We present the possibility to apply the Wave Based Technique to solve steady--state acoustic problems in the case of an unbounded 3D domain. The main principle of the classical WBM is extended to the case of an external domain. Two numerical examples are also presented. In order to apply the WBM to our problems we subdivide the computational domain into three subdomains. Therefore, on the interfaces certain coupling conditions are defined. The description of the optimization procedure, based on the principles of the shape gradient method and level set method, and the results of the optimization finalize the thesis.


The contributors to Adam, the Fall, and Original Sin rightly maintain the traditional view of the historicity of Adam and the entry of sin into the world through him. However, the account displays three weaknesses. First, the inerrant authority of Scripture is sometimes interpreted as entailing that the Ancient Near Eastern context of Genesis sheds no light on how it should be read. Second, the question of why humans are justly condemned for the sin of Adam is never answered. Third, no ground for dialogue with science is provided. It is more successful in indicating what we should affirm than in grappling with the difficulties of affirming it.


The Utility Theory, which forms the fundamental framework of a significant area of economic science devoted to the study of consumer behaviour, has always been met with objection and criticism from many economists and it continues to do so. The inability to quantify utility and the dubiousness of the comparative evaluation of different consumer combinations of goods continue to give rise to attempts to supplement, amend or improve the existing theory of supply and demand. Such attempts should be recognized as reasonable and necessary, as many people reading the extensive literature on the utility theory are certain that they are reading a psychology textbook. One of the possible alternatives of the utility theory is an attempt to view consumer behaviour in the same way as producer behaviour. In my opinion, dividing economic agents into consumers and producers is a grave error. This division is not only capable of raising a number of questions among students and specialists, but it could also give rise to such a psychological phenomenon as split personality. During working hours an entrepreneur attempts to obtain the maximum profit possible and in the evening in the shopping centre, he or she attempts to maximize utility. Furthermore, he or she will have to continuously solve a rather difficult task capable of putting many people in a dead-end situation: is the purchased item a normal consumer item or a means of production? What should be maximized: profit or utility? It is evident that the consumer behaviour theory continues to remain open to criticism and requires considerable amendments, which is the reason for this essay.


The traditional Christian belief in the Trinity states that God exists in three persons: Father, Son, and Spirit, and that people were created in " the image of God. " This is understood to mean that humans reflect the nature of God and His ability to communicate. This ancient Christian concept has implications not only for theology, but also for communication within Christian communities. The goal of this paper is to explore the ability of a modern information theory to shed light on this doctrine and improve communication within the Church. This paper seeks to bridge the gap between ancient theology and modern theory by asking the following question: " Can Gordon Pask's conversation theory serve as a framework for information transfer within the Trinity and within Christian religious communities? " The author's perspective is that conversation theory can be used as a framework for exploring knowledge creation and sharing within the Trinity and subsequently within the Christian community. These new insights are based on Pask's conceptualization of psychological and mechanical individuals, entailment meshes, and consciousness. As these concepts create new perspectives, they have significance for communities who model their communicating on Trinitarian theology. This discussion will be based on theoretical, theological, and biblical evidence which demonstrates that conversation theory can be applied to Trinitarian theology. Conclusions include implications for the process of creating and sharing religious knowledge from the individual and the corporate perspective.


The patent statute creates a general set of legal rules that govern a wide variety of technologies. With only a few exceptions, the statute does not distinguish between different technologies in setting and applying legal standards. In theory, then, we have a uniform patent system that provides technology-neutral protection to all kinds of innovation. Technology, however, is anything but uniform, and displays highly diverse characteristics across different sectors. A wealth of empirical evidence demonstrates deep structural differences in how industries innovate. Industries vary in the speed and cost of Research and Development ("R&D"), in the ease with which inventions can be imitated by others, in the need for cumulative or interoperative innovation rather than stand-alone development, and in the extent to which patents cover entire products or merely components of products. We show that there is no reason to assume that a unitary patent system will optimally encourage innovation in the wide range of diverse industries that it is expected to cover.Despite the appearance of uniformity, however, patent law is actually as varied as the industries it seeks to foster. Closer examination of patent law demonstrates that it is unified only in concept. In practice the rules actually applied to different industries have shown increasing divergence. As a practical matter, it appears that although patent law is technology-neutral in theory, it is technology-specific in application. The differential application of patent standards to different industries correlates with a larger theoretical confusion in patent law. While most theorists agree on the general utilitarian framework of patent law - that is, they agree on the goals the patent statute is intended to achieve - they have offered radically different ideas regarding how patent law should be interpreted to achieve those goals. We examine the various different theoretical approaches to patent law. We suggest that none of these theories is entirely correct. Neither are they entirely wrong. We show how various different theories of patent law succeed in explaining the application of patent law to particular industries, but fail when taken outside the narrow context of those industries.The fact that economic evidence, patent doctrine, and legal theory all vary by industry leads us to question whether patent law should explicitly attempt to tailor protection to the needs of specific industries. We point out a number of risks inherent in such a technology-specific approach, particularly one administered by Congress. In particular, concerns about rent seeking and the inability of industry-specific statutes to respond to changing circumstances lead us to conclude that we should not jettison our nominally uniform patent system in favor of specific statutes that protect particular industries. Nonetheless, there are other ways the law can take account of the needs of different industries. We argue that it makes sense to take economic policy and industry-specific variation explicitly into account in applying general patent rules to specific cases. Patent law gives the courts substantial freedom to do this by means of flexible legal standards we call "policy levers." We identify ten sets of policy levers that already exist in patent law, and the ways in which they implicitly or explicitly permit the courts to take account of different types of innovation in different industries. We also identify a variety of other places where the statute grants the courts substantial discretion, and suggest ways that those discretionary standards could serve as policy levers. Finally, having identified certain policy levers and the method of their employment, we consider the economic characteristics of innovation in five different industries that appear to be likely candidates for industry-specific rules: chemistry, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, semiconductors, and software. We offer concrete suggestions as to how the court can and should apply particular policy levers to help encourage innovation in these very different industries.


Testing is one of the critical processes in software development life cycle. It plays key role in the success of software product by improving its quality. Web-based applications are emerging and evolving rapidly; their importance and complexity is also increasing. Heterogeneous and diverse nature of distributed components, applications; along with their multi-platform support and cooperativeness make these applications more complex and swiftly increasing in their size. Quality assurance of these applications is becoming more crucial and important; testing is one of the key processes to achieve and ensure the quality of these software or Web-based products. There are many testing challenges involved in Web-based applications. But most importantly interoperability and integration are the most critical testing challenges associated with Web-based applications. There are number of challenging factors involved in both integration and interoperability testing efforts. These integration and interoperability factors have almost 70 percent to 80 percent impact on overall quality of Web-based applications. In software industry different kind of testing approaches are used by practitioners to solve the issues associated with integration and interoperability, which are due to ever increasing complexities of Web-based applications. It is fact that both integration and interoperability are inter-related and it is very helpful to cover all the possible issues of interoperability testing that will reduce the integration testing effort. It will be more beneficial if a dedicated testing team is placed to perform the both integration and interoperability testing.


During 2005 the existence of a strong labour market and relatively weak economic growth generated significant interest and debate among economic commentators and policy makers. While there is a general understanding of a lagged relationship between economic growth, as measured by GDP volumes, and growth in the labour market, as measured by employment, the nature of the relationship between these variables during 2005 seemed unusual. As part of efforts to ensure the quality of the statistical information, Mark Zhang, Stuart Gourley and Franklin Soriano at the ABS undertook some modelling work aimed at better understanding the relationship between GDP and employment. The results from this work suggest that the recent strength in the terms of trade and historically low real unit labour costs may have been two factors that led the relationship between GDP and employment seen in 2005 to be different from past experience.


Freedom of expression is looking less and less like a settled issue. Challenges to it have lately arisen from the right, from the left, from Muslim perspectives, and even in the name of protecting children online. These challenges seem to share an underlying concern, namely that we must balance free expression against the psychic hurt that some expressions will provoke. Often these critiques are couched in language that draws or appears to draw, on the law and economics movement. Yet the cost-benefit analyses advanced to support restrictions on expression are incomplete, subjective, and self-contradictory. Several examples help to illustrate this point, including flag-desecration laws, hate-speech laws in the United Kingdom and Canada, U.S. college and university speech codes, the Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, and the Megan Meier Cyberbullying Prevention Act, currently before the House Judiciary Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security. Although seemingly unrelated, these measures rely on a common assumption, namely that governments should provide emotional well-being to their citizens, even at the expense of free expression. This assumption discounts the emotional well being of other citizens, neglects countervailing social considerations, and hands arbitrary power to governments. The result is not more happiness, but a race to the bottom, in which aggrieved groups compete endlessly with one another for a slice of government power. Philosopher Robert Nozick once observed that utilitarianism is hard-pressed to banish what he termed utility monsters — that is, individuals who take inordinate satisfaction from acts that displease others. Arguing about who hurt whose feelings worse, and about who needs more soothing than whom, seems designed to discover — or create — utility monsters. We must not allow this to happen. Instead, liberal governments have traditionally relied on a particular bargain, in which freedom of expression is maintained for all, and in which emotional satisfaction is a private pursuit, not a public guarantee. This bargain can extend equally to all people, and it forms the basis for an enduring and diverse society, one in which differences may be aired without fear of reprisal. Although world cultures increasingly mix with one another, and although our powers of expression are greater than ever before, these are not sound reasons to abandon the liberal bargain. Restrictions on free expression do not make societies happier or more tolerant, but instead make them more fractious and censorious.


Document clustering is traditionally tackled from the perspective of grouping documents that are topically similar. However, many other criteria for clustering documents can be considered: for example, documents' genre or the author's mood. We propose an interactive scheme for clustering document collections, based on any criterion of the user's preference. The user holds an active position in the clustering process: first, she chooses the types of features suitable to the underlying task, leading to a task-specific document representation. She can then provide examples of features-- if such examples are emerging, e.g., when clustering by the author's sentiment, words like 'perfect', 'mediocre', 'awful' are intuitively good features. The algorithm proceeds iteratively, and the user can fix errors made by the clustering system at the end of each iteration. Such an interactive clustering method demonstrates excellent results on clustering by sentiment, substantially outperforming an SVM trained on a large amount of labeled data. Even if features are not provided because they are not intuitively obvious to the user--e.g., what would be good features for clustering by genre using part-of-speech trigrams?--our multi-modal clustering method performs significantly better than k-means and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA).


Since the earliest geographical explorations of criminal phenomena, scientists have come to the realization that crime occurrences can often be best explained by analysis at local scales. For example, the works of Guerry and Quetelet—which are often credited as being the first spatial studies of crime—analyzed data that had been aggregated to regions approximately similar to US states. The next major seminal work on spatial crime patterns was from the Chicago School in the 20th century and increased the spatial resolution of analysis to the census tract (an American administrative area that is designed to contain approximately 4,000 individual inhabitants). With the availability of higher-quality spatial data, as well as improvements in the computing infrastructure (particularly with respect to spatial analysis and mapping), more recent empirical spatial criminology work can operate at even higher resolutions; the "crime at places" literature regularly highlights the importance of analyzing crime at the street segment or at even finer scales. These empirical realizations—that crime patterns vary substantially at micro places—are well grounded in the core environmental criminology theories of routine activity theory, the geometric theory of crime, and the rational choice perspective. Each theory focuses on the individual-level nature of crime, the behavior and motivations of individual people, and the importance of the immediate surroundings. For example, routine activities theory stipulates that a crime is possible when an offender and a potential victim meet at the same time and place in the absence of a capable guardian. The geometric theory of crime suggests that individuals build up an awareness of their surroundings as they undertake their routine activities, and it is where these areas overlap with crime opportunities that crimes are most likely to occur. Finally, the rational choice perspective suggests that the decision to commit a crime is partially a cost-benefit analysis of the risks and rewards. To properly understand or model these three decisions it is important to capture the motivations, awareness, rationality, immediate surroundings, etc., of the individual and include a highly disaggregate representation of space (i.e. "micro-places"). Unfortunately one of the most common methods for modeling crime, regression, is somewhat poorly suited capturing these dynamics. As with most traditional modeling approaches, regression models represent the underlying system through mathematical aggregations. The resulting models are therefore well suited to systems that behave in a linear fashion (e.g., where a change in model input leads to a predictable change in the model output) and where low-level heterogeneity is not important (i.e., we can assume that everyone in a particular group of people will behave in the same way). However, as alluded to earlier, the crime system does not necessarily meet these assumptions. To really understand the dynamics of crime patterns, and to be able to properly represent the underlying theories, it is necessary to represent the behavior of the individual system components (i.e. people) directly. For this reason, many scientists from a variety of different disciplines are turning to individual-level modeling techniques such as agent-based modeling.


Long, Mark & Jim Demonakos. The Silence of Our Friends. New York: First Second, 2012.  Print. This story is told from the perspective of a boy whose father was a reporter in the city of Houston, Texas. In the year 1967, in the midst of the Civil Rights movement many families struggled to find freedom in their racist communities.  During a police riot that had been started after banning an organizational committee from Texas Southern University, an undercover officer was shot.  Out of the 489 students that were attested, all but 5 students were released the next day.  Those five black college students were accused of killing a policeman. Set in a time of racism and segregation, two families struggle with the events of the riot. With the support of these understanding neighbours, a white family took a risk in trying to win back the freedom of the accused students. The artwork by Nate Powell has created powerful imagery that allows readers to place themselves within the setting and events of that period in history. The combination of historical story elements and graphic images may hook reluctant readers.  The graphic nature of the story is engaging and will educate students of a period in history often presented in more traditional formats. Recommended: 3 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Pamela Wenger Pamela Wenger is a 4th year teacher-librarian working between two schools in Regina.  She is planning to complete a Masters of Education in Teacher-Librarianship in April 2013.


Monitoring environment changes has become a necessity as a result of current environment deteriorating due to human activities and climate change. However, in most developing countries like Ghana, acquiring information concerning the current condition and the dynamic changes of the environment for a rapid monitoring is difficult. A method to monitor the environmental condition in Northern Ghana by the way of the vegetation cover using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is proposed. The method involves the use of remotely sensed data based on the absorption, transmittance and reflectance of energy by the vegetation which is significantly correlated with the amount of green leaf biomass on ground. The accuracy of this indicator is assessed with other in-situ geographic data. The main aim was to assess whether the NDVI-time series extracted from SPOT-5 images may give reliable information to assess the environment herein vegetation or land cover in Northern Ghana where there is a current rapid environmental change. It is shown that the NDVI data gives some valuable information about the vegetation hence land cover in these areas. The measurement of the amount of greenness in different areas in Northern Ghana would be simple but an objective method to assist in regular evaluation of the environmental situation of an area. The study demonstrated that NDVI technique can be employed to evaluate the vegetation cover and hence monitor the environment. Consequently, this method can be applied for other areas in the country and will be useful as an effective tool for regularly monitoring to support and create environmental awareness about the vegetative changes.


This article seeks to help law schools develop their skills programs by highlighting the research medical schools have conducted in discovering the most effective methods of turning incoming students into practicing physicians. It also cautions that existing status inequalities at law schools between faculty who possess and can teach legal skills and those without such skills will make the task difficult and that these inequalities need to be appreciated in order to achieve effective results. On 10 December of 2010 the American Society of Law Teachers ("SALT") held its biannual conference in Honolulu, Hawaii. The title of the conference was Teaching in a Transformative Era: The Law School of the Future It was my honor to give a presentation on a panel devoted to teaching skills within the legal curriculum. My co-panelists ably and expertly presented information on how skills training was currently marginalized in law schools in that it was taught through the low status legal, writing, and research faculty rather than the more prestigious and scholarly doctrinal or casebook faculty. Through citation to literature and independent research they themselves had conducted they showed how the task of teaching skills had been delegated to primarily female faculty members who held non-tenured positions and were almost always paid considerably less. My talk presented the steps medical schools have taken over the past ten years when faced with similar pressure to teach skills directly in the undergraduate portion of medical training, while they are in medical school, rather than rely on students picking-them up through observation when during the last two years of medical school when they are doing clinical rotations or after they begin their residencies. This article contributes to the conversation by expanding on how medical schools faced the curricular challenge of moving direct skills training into the undergraduate years and what they are doing now to meet that challenge. In so doing, it builds and expands on observations I made in a 2008 column for the Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics based on my experience as a full time faculty member at the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston's medical school and as an adjunct faculty member at Texas Tech University's Medical School. Its goal is to provide a useful framework for legal educators as they work to integrate direct skills training throughout the law school curriculum. In so doing it not only gives examples of what medical schools are doing to teach skills but also how they developed these programs and what about their efforts are useful in the context of legal academe. Before embarking on this project, however, it is important for those advocating change in the legal curriculum to understand that while the task facing medical educators was, and is, strikingly similar to that now faced by legal academe, there are important differences which must be understood before making effective use of their experiences. Medical training has substantial subsidization by the Federal Government through the Medicare program which allows it the luxury of time not available in legal education. Also, it has always designed the curriculum around one core value: patient care. Any addition to or subtraction from the medical school curriculum is judged by the standard of whether it will make a student a better or worse doctor. It is my contention, and not necessarily criticism, that the main difference between medical and legal education is that law schools do not embrace client service as their core value and instead see themselves as places where students come to learn the law - not represent clients. Compare the mission statements of Yale Law School, my alma mater, with that of Yale Medical School. The Law School does not find room for the word "client" in 170 words of text. The primary educational purpose of Yale Law School is to train lawyers and to prepare its students for leadership positions in the public and private sectors both in the U.S. and globally. The primary scholarly role of Yale Law School is to encourage research in law and in interdisciplinary approaches to law and public policy. Throughout the school's history, its teachers, students, and deans have taken a broad view of the role of law and lawyers in society. The school long has trained lawyers for public service and teaching as well as for private practice. Our students are expected to advance our knowledge and understanding of the law, to expand the reach of the law, and to inculcate knowledge about the central role that the rule of law plays in a free society. The professional orientation of the Law School is deeply enriched by an intellectual environment that embraces a wide variety of intellectual currents and is designed to produce lawyers who are creative, sensitive, and open to new ideas. While the Medical School does not put patient care first, they are at least present. "The primary educational purpose of Yale Law School is to train lawyers and to prepare its students for leadership positions in the public and private sectors both in the U.S. and globally. The primary scholarly role of Yale Law School is to encourage research in law and in interdisciplinary approaches to law and public policy" with that of Yale Medical School, "As a preeminent academic medical center that supports the highest-quality education, research, and patient care, the Yale School of Medicine will (1) educate and inspire scholars and future leaders who will advance the practice of medicine and the biomedical sciences; (2) advance medical knowledge to sustain and improve health and to alleviate suffering caused by illness and disease; and (3) provide outstanding care and service for patients in a compassionate and respectful manner." These fundamental differences make it much harder for law schools to fully integrate skills training with the existing curriculum and it is not this article's intent to minimize or evade the difficult of this task. The article will start with a brief overview of why it is necessary for law schools to integrate skills training and then, after a brief overview of the structure of medical education, will discuss how medical schools came to the decision of moving schools training into the undergraduate curriculum and what actions they have taken to do so. It will then compare the effort in medical schools to that of law schools with the intent of making it easier for those interested in using the experience of medical schools to integrate skills training into the law school curriculum. The purpose of this article was to provide resources for law school faculty members who want to integrate the skills of the practicing lawyer into today's law school classroom by providing information about how medical schools have approached a similar task. In the last ten years, medical schools have been working to change a culture where skills were learned by observation and modeling into one where skills are taught intentionally and consistently starting in the first two years of medical school. This represents a significant change because even as medical school curriculum has evolved and changed over the past twenty-five years these pre-clinical years had focused on the acquisition of knowledge about the human body, not clinical skills. It has tried to present this information in the context of some significant differences between the resources available to medical schools which make the task of teaching skills earlier in the curriculum easier than the task will be for law schools. These advantages include a faculty which possesses current clinical skills and an extended period of subsidized apprenticeship.


One of the most important books on the modern movement in architecture, The New Architecture and the Bauhaus poses some of the fundamental problems presented by the relations of art and industry and considers their possible, practical solution. Gropius traces the rise of the New Architecture and the work of the now famous Bauhaus and, with splendid clarity, calls for a new artist and architect educated to new materials and techniques and directly confronting the requirements of the age.


This paper develops a life-cycle model of labour supply that captures endogenous human capital formation allowing for individual's heterogeneous responses to stochastic labour market shocks. The shocks determines conditions in the labour market and sort individuals into three labour market regimes; employment, unemployment with and unemployment without participation in labour market programmes. The structural model entails time independent stochastic shocks that have transitory effects on monetary returns while the effect on human capital formation may be permanent. The permanent effect may justify the existence of active labour market programmes if these programmes imply non-depreciating human capital and human capital depreciation is detected for the non-participant unemployed. Using several years of the Swiss Labour Force Survey (SAKE, 1991 – 2004) the empirical section compares the dynamic formation of human capital between labour market regimes. The results are consistent with the assumptions of the structural model and suggest human capital depreciation for unemployment without programme participation. They further show that labour programmes may act as a buffer to reduce human capital loss while unemployed.


"This book is a must have resource guide for anyone who wants to... implement TXT within their environments. I wish we had this guide when our engineering teams were implementing TXT on our solution platforms! John McAuley,EMC Corporation"This book details innovative technology that provides significant benefit to both the cloud consumer and the cloud provider when working to meet the ever increasing requirements of trust and control in the cloud. Alex Rodriguez, Expedient Data Centers"This book is an invaluable reference for understanding enhanced server security, and how to deploy and leverage computing environment trust to reduce supply chain risk. Pete Nicoletti. VirtustreamInc.Intel Trusted Execution Technology (Intel TXT) is a new security technology that started appearing on Intel server platforms in 2010. This book explains Intel Trusted Execution Technology for Servers, its purpose, application, advantages, and limitations. This book guides the server administrator / datacenter manager in enabling the technology as well as establishing a launch control policy that he can use to customize the servers boot process to fit the datacenters requirements. This book explains how the OS (typically a Virtual Machine Monitor or Hypervisor) and supporting software can build on the secure facilities afforded by Intel TXT to provide additional security features and functions. It provides examples how the datacenter can create and use trusted pools. With a foreword from Albert Caballero, the CTO at Trapezoid. What youll learn It explains why TXT is important and the underlying principles (why it is effective). How to enable and provision TXT How to create a Launch Control Policy. It discusses trade-offs in determining the right policy for the datacenter, and walks the reader through the process for establishing the policy. Demonstrates how to set up and use trusted pools and other advanced concepts such as geo-tagging. Itwalks the reader through the process of making Intel TXT work for them and understand that TXT is a building block for current and future enhanced security concepts. Who this book is for The primary audience is the Datacenter Manager and members of an IT organization. It will be valuable to executives that need to understand enhanced server security and will provide a guide to OSVs and ISVs not only to understand the application of TXT but also the new opportunities that TXT enables and ways that the OS and applications can take advantage of those new capabilities. This book applies to cloud computing since TXT can be used to provide additional security for both public and private clouds. Table of Contents Introduction Principals of TXT TXT Provisioning Launch Control Policy Opportunities for the OSV and ISVs Creating a More Secure Data Center Trusted Pools and Cloud Compliance Support Appendix


Opening with David Mancuso's seminal "Love Saves the Day" Valentine's party, Tim Lawrence tells the definitive story of American dance music culture in the 1970s—from its subterranean roots in NoHo and Hell's Kitchen to its gaudy blossoming in midtown Manhattan to its wildfire transmission through America's suburbs and urban hotspots such as Chicago, Boston, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Newark, and Miami.

Tales of nocturnal journeys, radical music making, and polymorphous sexuality flow through the arteries of Love Saves the Day like hot liquid vinyl. They are interspersed with a detailed examination of the era's most powerful djs, the venues in which they played, and the records they loved to spin—as well as the labels, musicians, vocalists, producers, remixers, party promoters, journalists, and dance crowds that fueled dance music's tireless engine.

Love Saves the Day includes material from over three hundred original interviews with the scene's most influential players, including David Mancuso, Nicky Siano, Tom Moulton, Loleatta Holloway, Giorgio Moroder, Francis Grasso, Frankie Knuckles, and Earl Young. It incorporates more than twenty special dj discographies—listing the favorite records of the most important spinners of the disco decade—and a more general discography cataloging some six hundred releases. Love Saves the Day also contains a unique collection of more than seventy rare photos.


Federal Evidence Rule 606(b) and similar state rules prohibit post-verdict admission of juror statements, including racist or biased remarks, made during deliberations. The roots of the evidentiary prohibition are historically deep and the interests underlying the Rule implicate the very existence of the jury system. Constitutionality of the post-verdict evidentiary exclusion is based upon the presumption that pre-trial and trial mechanisms exist to discern juror bias prior to deliberations. Empirical studies and recent cases indicate, however, that these mechanisms do not currently operate to adequately expose or remove juror biases. This article argues that the expansion of these mechanisms, including more diverse jury venires, more robust and effective juror voir dire, less discretion for parties to remove jurors on the basis of race, and the development of jury admonitions directly addressing bias, will reduce juror expressions of bias during deliberations. Even with these reforms, however, not all juror bias will be disclosed and, whether for reasons of embarrassment, inattention or intent, some jurors will misrepresent material biases during voir dire. To address juror misrepresentations during voir dire, the article proposes a narrow exception to Rule 606(b) permitting inquiry into juror bias for the purpose of showing juror misrepresentation. The article's unique approach of combining enhanced pre-trial and trial mechanisms with a narrow exception to the rule to address juror misrepresentations strikes a balance between upholding the goals underlying Rule 606(b) and the right to a fair trial by an impartial jury.


This article offers an overview of the development of Romanian theology through the 20th century, especially after 1989, which constituted a new era for the evolution of Romanian theology. The author believes that the greatest challenge for the Romanian Orthodox Church after 1989 is the one that aims at the reconfiguration of the mission of the Christian martyria within the new forms of religious and social freedom. The author states the necessity for Romanian theology for its own katharsis (purification) as well as the necessity for eliminating the idea that between theology and the other sciences there is a relationship of antinomy. The author firmly states his credo as a theologian, namely the theological theme of deification / theosis, understood either in the way of Saint Paul as 'gods through grace' or in the way of Saint Peter as 'partakers of the divine nature': homo-Deus.


In Summers v. Earth Island Institute, the Supreme Court recently rejected Justice Breyer's dissenting opinion's proposed test for organizational standing based upon the statistical probability that some of an organization's members will likely be harmed in the near future by a defendant's allegedly illegal actions. Implicitly, however, the Court had recognized some form of probabilistic standing in Friends of the Earth v. Laidlaw, which found standing where plaintiffs avoid recreational activities because of "reasonable concerns" about future health injuries from pollution; Summers did not overrule Laidlaw. There is an inherent tension between the Summers and Laidlaw decisions. This Article applies the Summers and Laidlaw frameworks to the facts in Natural Resources Defense Council v. EPA (NRDC II), where the D.C. Circuit found standing because the government's exemption from regulation of certain uses of methyl bromide, an ozone destroying chemical, would causes 2 to 4 lifetime skin cancer cases among the NRDC's members. Both Summers and Laidlaw produce questionable results when applied to NRDC II's facts. The "realistic threat" test in Justice Breyer's dissenting opinion in Summers offers a better approach to standing than either Summers' unrealistic demand that plaintiffs precisely predict the future or Laidlaw's focus on whether a plaintiff avoided recreational activities rather than whether the defendant's activities caused actual harm. There was a more realistic threat of harm in Summers than Laidlaw, but the Court found standing in the latter case but not the former case. The Court's current approach to standing for organizational plaintiffs and probabilistic risks is seriously flawed and the realistic threat test offers a more rational approach to assess which injuries are sufficiently serious for standing in Article III federal courts. Furthermore, a realistic threat test for standing is more consistent with congressional intent in enacting several citizen suit statutes that are involved in the vast majority of cases in which constitutional standing is at issue. In light of NRDC II, the Court should abandon both the Summers and Laidlaw approaches to standing and instead adopt Justice Breyer's proposed "realistic threat" test to achieve reach more equitable and uniform standing determinations.


Description of a system for the production of a book catalog for an undergraduate library, using an IBM 1401 Computer (12K storage, 4 tape drives), an expanded print chain on the 1403 Printer, and an 029 Card Punch for input. Described are the conversion of cataloging information into machine readable form, the machine record produced, the computer programs employed, and printing of the catalog. The catalog, issued annually, is in three parts: an author & title catalog, a subject catalog, and a shelf list. Cumulative supplements are issued quarterly. A central idea in the depiction of entries in the catalog is the abandonment of the main entry concept. The alphabetical arrangement of entries is discuessed: sort keys employed, filing order observed, symbols employed to alter this order, and problems encountered. Cost factors involved in the preparation of the catalog are summarized.


Abstract. Measuring water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is difficult due to the low mixing ratios found there, typically only a few parts per million. Here we examine near-infrared spectra acquired with the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR) during the first science phase of the NASA Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX). From the 1400 and 1900 nm absorption bands we infer water vapor amounts in the tropical tropopause layer and adjacent regions between altitudes of 14 and 18 km. We compare these measurements to solar transmittance spectra produced with the MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission (MODTRAN) radiative transfer model, using in situ water vapor, temperature, and pressure profiles acquired concurrently with the SSFR spectra. Measured and modeled transmittance values agree within 0.002, with some larger differences in the 1900 nm band (up to 0.004). Integrated water vapor amounts along the absorption path lengths of 3 to 6 km varied from 1.26 × 10−4 to 4.59 × 10−4 g cm−2. A 0.002 difference in absorptance at 1367 nm results in a 3.35 × 10−5 g cm−2 change of integrated water vapor amounts; 0.004 absorptance change at 1870 nm results in 5.50 × 10−5 g cm−2 of water vapor. These are 27% (1367 nm) and 44% (1870 nm) differences at the lowest measured value of water vapor (1.26 × 10−4 g cm−2) and 7% (1367 nm) and 12% (1870 nm) differences at the highest measured value of water vapor (4.59 × 10−4 g cm−2). A potential method for extending this type of measurement from aircraft flight altitude to the top of the atmosphere is discussed.


Robert McKee's screenwriting workshops have earned him an international reputation for inspiring novices, refining works in progress and putting major screenwriting careers back on track. Quincy Jones, Diane Keaton, Gloria Steinem, Julia Roberts, John Cleese and David Bowie are just a few of his celebrity alumni. Writers, producers, development executives and agents all flock to his lecture series, praising it as a mesmerizing and intense learning experience. In "Story", McKee expands on the concepts he teaches in his $450 seminars (considered a must by industry insiders), providing readers with the most comprehensive, integrated explanation of the craft of writing for the screen. No one better understands how all the elements of a screenplay fit together, and no one is better qualified to explain the "magic" of story construction and the relationship between structure and character than Robert McKee.


In today's hypermedia landscape, youth and young adults are increasingly using social media platforms, online aggregators and mobile applications for daily information use. Communication educators, armed with a host of free, easy-to-use online tools, have the ability to create dynamic approaches to teaching and learning about information and communication flow online. In this paper we explore the concept of curation as a student- and creation-driven pedagogical tool to enhance digital and media literacy education. We present a theoretical justification for curation and present six key ways that curation can be used to teach about critical thinking, analysis and expression online. We utilize a case study of the digital curation platform Storify to explore how curation works in the classroom, and present a framework that integrates curation pedagogy into core media literacy education learning outcomes.


The Eurozone official sector has declared that the belated restructuring of Greek bonds held by private sector creditors in 2012 was a "unique and exceptional" event, never, ever to be repeated in any other Eurozone country. Maybe so. But if this assurance proves in time to be as fragile as the official sector's prior pronouncements on the subject of "private sector involvement" in Eurozone sovereign debt problems, any future Eurozone debt restructuring will be surely plagued by the problem of non-participating creditors -- holdouts. Indeed, it is the undisguised fear of holdouts and the prospect of a messy, Argentine-style debt restructuring in the belly of Europe that has been one of the principal motivations for the official sector's willingness to use its taxpayer money to repay, in full and on time, all of the private sector creditors of Eurozone countries receiving bailouts (the belated Greek restructuring being the sole exception).This article argues that a simple amendment of the Treaty Establishing the European Stability Mechanism (the Eurozone's new bailout facility) could immunize within the confines of the Eurozone the assets of a Eurozone country receiving ESM bailout assistance from attachment by litigious holdout creditors. By thus increasing the difficulties that holdouts would face in enforcing court judgments against a debtor country, the objective of the amendment is to deflate creditor expectations that staying out of an ESM-supported sovereign debt restructuring will lead to a preferential recovery for the holdouts.This measure would also, when taken together with the other steps that the Eurozone has already implemented, substantially replicate the important features of the Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism proposed by the IMF in 2002.


This is how the birth of Jesus Christ came about: His mother Mary was pledged to be married to Joseph, but before they came together, she was found to be with child through the Holy Spirit. Because Joseph her husband was a righteous man and did not want to expose her to public disgrace, he had in mind to divorce her quietly. But after he had considered this, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in a dream and said, "Joseph son of David, do not be afraid to take Mary home as your wife, because what is conceived in her is from the Holy Spirit. She will give birth to a son, and you are to give him the name Jesus, because he will save his people from their sins. All this took place to fulfill what the Lord had said through the prophet: "The virgin will be with child and will give birth to a son, and they will call him Immanuel" – which means, "God with us." When Joseph woke up, he did what the angel of the Lord had commanded him and took Mary home as his wife. But he had no union with her until she gave birth to a son. And he gave him the name Jesus. Matthew 1:18-25 (NIV)


The underlying mechanisms that lead to dramatic differences between closely related pathogens are not always readily apparent. For example, the genomes of Yersinia pestis (YP) the causative agent of plague with a high mortality rate and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YPT) an enteric pathogen with a modest mortality rate are highly similar with some species specific differences; however the molecular causes of their distinct clinical outcomes remain poorly understood. In this study, a temporal multi-omic analysis of YP and YPT at physiologically relevant temperatures was performed to gain insights into how an acute and highly lethal bacterial pathogen, YP, differs from its less virulent progenitor, YPT. This analysis revealed higher gene and protein expression levels of conserved major virulence factors in YP relative to YPT, including the Yop virulon and the pH6 antigen. This suggests that adaptation in the regulatory architecture, in addition to the presence of unique genetic material, may contribute to the increased pathogenecity of YP relative to YPT. Additionally, global transcriptome and proteome responses of YP and YPT revealed conserved post-transcriptional control of metabolism and the translational machinery including the modulation of glutamate levels in Yersiniae. Finally, the omics data was coupled with a computational network analysis, allowing an efficient prediction of novel Yersinia virulence factors based on gene and protein expression patterns.


A reliable motion estimation algorithm must function under a wide range of conditions. One regime, which we consider here, is the case of moving objects with contours but no visible texture. Tracking distinctive features such as corners can disambiguate the motion of contours, but spurious features such as T-junctions can be badly misleading. It is difficult to determine the reliability of motion from local measurements, since a full rank covariance matrix can result from both real and spurious features. We propose a novel approach that avoids these points altogether, and derives global motion estimates by utilizing information from three levels of contour analysis: edgelets, boundary fragments and contours. Boundary fragment are chains of orientated edgelets, for which we derive motion estimates from local evidence. The uncertainties of the local estimates are disambiguated after the boundary fragments are properly grouped into contours. The grouping is done by constructing a graphical model and marginalizing it using importance sampling. We propose two equivalent representations in this graphical model, reversible switch variables attached to the ends of fragments and fragment chains, to capture both local and global statistics of boundaries. Our system is successfully applied to both synthetic and real video sequences containing high-contrast boundaries and textureless regions. The system produces good motion estimates along with properly grouped and completed contours.


This paper considers a transmission boundary-value problem for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations neglecting displacement currents which is frequently used for the numerical computation of eddy-currents. Across material boundaries the tangential components of the magnetic field H and the normal component of the magnetization muH are assumed to be continuous. this problem admits a hyperplane of solutions if the domains under consideration are multiply connected. Using integral equation methods and singular perturbation theory it is shown that this hyperplane contains a unique point which is the limit of the classical electromagnetic transmission boundary-value problem for vanishing displacement currents. Considering the convergence proof, a simple contructive criterion how to select this solution is immediately derived.


Praise for the Third Edition "This book provides in-depth coverage of modelling techniques used throughout many branches of actuarial science...The exceptional high standard of this book has made it a pleasure to read." --Annals of Actuarial Science Newly organized to focus exclusively on material tested in the Society of Actuaries' Exam C and the Casualty Actuarial Society's Exam 4, Loss Models: From Data to Decisions, Fourth Edition continues to supply actuaries with a practical approach to the key concepts and techniques needed on the job. With updated material and extensive examples, the book successfully provides the essential methods for using available data to construct models for the frequency and severity of future adverse outcomes. The book continues to equip readers with the tools needed for the construction and analysis of mathematical models that describe the process by which funds flow into and out of an insurance system. Focusing on the loss process, the authors explore key quantitative techniques including random variables, basic distributional quantities, and the recursive method, and discuss techniques for classifying and creating distributions. Parametric, non-parametric, and Bayesian estimation methods are thoroughly covered along with advice for choosing an appropriate model. New features of this Fourth Edition include: Expanded discussion of working with large data sets, now including more practical elements of constructing decrement tables Added coverage of methods for simulating several special situations An updated presentation of Bayesian estimation, outlining conjugate prior distributions and the linear exponential family as well as related computational issues Throughout the book, numerous examples showcase the real-world applications of the presented concepts, with an emphasis on calculations and spreadsheet implementation. A wealth of new exercises taken from previous Exam C/4 exams allows readers to test their comprehension of the material, and a related FTP site features the book's data sets. Loss Models, Fourth Edition is an indispensable resource for students and aspiring actuaries who are preparing to take the SOA and CAS examinations. The book is also a valuable reference for professional actuaries, actuarial students, and anyone who works with loss and risk models. To explore our additional offerings in actuarial exam preparation visit www.wiley.com/go/c4actuarial .


Division of labor in wedding planning varies for first-time marriages, with three types of couples—traditional, transitional, and egalitarian—identified, but nothing is known about wedding planning for remarrying individuals. Using semistructured interviews, the author interviewed 14 couples in which at least one person had remarried and used directed content analysis to investigate the extent to which the aforementioned typology could be transferred to this different context. In this paper she describes how a triangulation of analytic techniques provided validation for couple classifications and also helped with moving beyond "blind spots" in data analysis. Analytic approaches were the constant comparative technique, rank order comparison, and visual representation of coding, using MAXQDA 2007's tool called TextPortraits.


This report discusses the background of the G-20 (an international forum for discussing and coordinating economic policies) and some of the issues that it has addressed. It includes historic background on the work of the G-20, information about how the group operates, overviews of G-20 summits, major issues that the group is likely to address and the likely effectiveness of the G-20 in the near future. The members of the G-20 include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union.


Measurements have been done in order to obtain information concerning the effect of EGR for the smoke and NOx emissions of a heavy-duty diesel engine. Measured smoke number and NOx emissions are explained using detailed chemical kinetic calculations and CFD simulations. The local conditions in the research engine are analyzed by creating equivalence ratio temperature (Phi-T) maps and analyzing the CFD results within these maps. The study uses different amount of EGR and the standard EN590 diesel fuel. The detailed chemical kinetic calculations take into account the different EGR rates. The CFD calculations are made with a flamelet based combustion model together with detailed chemistry. The results are compared to a previous study where a hybrid local flame area evolution model combined with an eddy breakup type model was used in the CFD simulations. It was observed that NOx emission trends can be well captured with the Phi-T maps but the situation is more difficult with the engine soot. Hence, the conclusion is the same as in the previous study with the hybrid combustion model. However, the local reaction zone is qualitatively very different with the flamelet model as compared to the hybrid model. Phi-T maps were also constructed for the total fixed nitrogen, using a detailed description of the nitrogen chemistry. EGR is typically used as an NOx abatement technique, having the purpose to lower the temperature and thus the formation of thermal-NO. However, these maps revealed a new functionality of EGR as a NOx abatement method.


This article presents an analytical framework tracing the birth of Quebec Solidaire (QS), a self-proclaimed left political party founded in February 2006. We explore the issue by taking into account the internal dynamics of organizations as well as the global political dynamics that have coursed through Quebec in the last 10 years. We propose a sociological reading emphasizing the changes in the balance of power among the main political and social actors. At each of the poles of political representation (electoral democracy pole, participative democracy pole, social democracy pole and protest democracy pole), a disruption in the balance of power between the actors concerned is at the origin of the emergence of Quebec Solidaire. Thus, the history of QS is a strong indicator of social and political transformations of Quebec society since the mid nineties.