This article forms part of my research participation at the University of South Africa in the project Religion, health and well-being in Southern Africa: Practical theological perspectives . All the themes we are addressing in this project are public issues. Therefore the basic question in this project pertains to where and how religion, in this case Christian religion, is involved in public discourses and actions regarding problems in public life in South Africa. The specific research question in this article is: what effects do congregational projects by church members, directed to the poor, have on their experience of well-being ? Congregational projects by church members directed to the poor are public actions by people with religious motivation addressing a public problem in South Africa. Therefore, these projects and their effects on the experience of well-being by the poor are religious actions in the public sphere. Firstly, I have conceptualised religion as well as the well-being of the poor in South Africa. The relationship between religion and well-being amongst the poor is then addressed. The conceptualisation has directed the formulation of half-structured interview questions in a qualitative empirical research in a sample from a population of pastors and their congregations who are practicing congregational projects directed at the poor in their vicinities. From the analysis of the contents of the interview, data categories have been formulated, which could then be phrased into a conceptual framework of the effects of these projects on the well-being of the poor. This research is an exercise in public practical theological research.


Preparing the books to read every day is enjoyable for many people. However, there are still many people who also don't like reading. This is a problem. But, when you can support others to start reading, it will be better. One of the books that can be recommended for new readers is metastatic tumors of the central nervous system. This book is not kind of difficult book to read. It can be read and understand by the new readers.


The study of calling patterns is a useful non-invasive method for determining population densities and the taxonomic relationships of rare or cryptic animal species. The Western purple-faced langur Trachypithecus vetulus nestor, endemic to Sri Lanka's lowland rainforests, is severely impacted by forest fragmentation, with most remaining populations living almost completely in home gardens. Due to their shy nature, little is known about the behaviour of this subspecies; analysing the regular loud calls emitted by these langurs could allow for improvement of census techniques, clarification of their taxonomy, and an understanding of the impact of forest destruction on their behaviour. In 2007, we recorded the calling patterns of five male T. v. nestor at Talangama Wetlands. Time, duration, weather conditions, and stimulant of 253 calls were noted. Loud calls comprised three structural units: harsh barks, whoops and residuals. The average call contained 4 phrases and 3.8 residuals, was 38 seconds in length, had an average maximum frequency of 3.5 kHz, a formant frequency of 0.36 kHz, and a fundamental frequency of 0.2 kHz. Significant differences were found between individuals for the number of phrases and residuals within a call, two different phrase lengths, the formant frequency and the fundamental frequency. The earliest call occurred at 05:27 hrs, while the latest was made at 17:57 hrs. The greatest percentage of calls (73.5%) was heard in the morning (05:00-09:59 hrs), mostly stimulated by territorial battles with neighbouring troops. These results show that vocalisations can be used to distinguish individual males; as langurs are more often heard than seen, and most troops contain only a single adult male, vocalisations may be used to determine the number of troops in an area. Calls of this taxon also differed from the other subspecies, suggesting that they may be used to distinguish subspecies and their boundaries. Finally, calling behaviour differed from other subspecies. Deforestation may be a direct cause of different calling patterns. These baseline data form a valuable starting point for further studies of this Critically Endangered primate.


Abstract What is the explanation for vigorous variation between was and were in plural existential constructions, and what is the optimal tool for analyzing it? Previous studies of this phenomenon have used the variable rule program, a generalized linear model; however, recent developments in statistics have introduced new tools, including mixed-effects models, random forests, and conditional inference trees that may open additional possibilities for data exploration, analysis, and interpretation. In a step-by-step demonstration, we show how this well-known variable benefits from these complementary techniques. Mixed-effects models provide a principled way of assessing the importance of random-effect factors such as the individuals in the sample. Random forests provide information about the importance of predictors, whether factorial or continuous, and do so also for unbalanced designs with high multicollinearity, cases for which the family of linear models is less appropriate. Conditional inference trees straightforwardly visualize how multiple predictors operate in tandem. Taken together, the results confirm that polarity, distance from verb to plural element, and the nature of the DP are significant predictors. Ongoing linguistic change and social reallocation via morphologization are operational. Furthermore, the results make predictions that can be tested in future research. We conclude that variationist research can be substantially enriched by an expanded tool kit.


A 2014 Caldecott Honor Book In this innovative wordless picture book with interactive flaps, Flora and her graceful flamingo friend explore the trials and joys of friendship through an elaborate synchronized dance. With a twist, a turn, and even a flop, these unlikely friends learn at last how to dance together in perfect harmony. Full of humor and heart, this stunning performance (and splashy ending!) will have readers clapping for more! And coming soon! Dance, leap, and soar with Flora and the Peacocks.


While many available texts cover some aspect of simulation, this book is unique in that it brings all the tools required to write a flight simulation mathematical model together in one reference. As one reviewer of the text stated, the breadth of material in this book will make it valuable for a wide range of engineering applications, not simply simulation. The organization of the book makes it the perfect reference guide, as chapter after chapter follows a logical build-up to a complete aircraft model. The book begins with a discussion that focuses the reader on the types of flight simulation that are possible. From there, chapters are dedicated to vectors, vector resolution and the many axis systems used in helicopter analysis. A brief chapter on atmospheric modeling precedes a critical section devoted to the importance of establishing the distinction between inertial velocity, wash velocity and aerodynamic velocity. After these chapters have built the foundation for aerodynamics and dynamics, the rotorcraft is modeled from simple components up to more complex systems with chapters dedicated to each of the following: fuselage, wings, propellers, rotors, engines, drive systems, landing gear, controls and aerodynamic coupling. The final chapters describe overall organization and informational flow, and methods to trim the aircraft to initial states. In all, the book holds 18 chapters and 12 appendices along with accompanying problem sets, a solutions manual, and demonstration programs on a CD-ROM. The demonstration programs, written in Visual Basic, serve as a tie-in between chapters and offer a real asset to the reader. One reviewer of the text put it this way, they bring the equations to life. Finally, the text offers an appendix of humorous axioms and observations about flight. As the author explains, Some of the wisdom of the flying ages is presented here, partly for amusement, partly because pilots that will fly your simulators all know the pearls, and partly because you'll need to learn them the easy way if you intend to learn to fly. Dreier goes on to explain the inclusion of these fun notes by saying...It is my belief that one will get more from one's job if the job is enjoyable. If you are a student or currently working in the field or rotorcraft analysis, this is an essential addition to your reference library.


Stars form from clouds of gas and dust in the interstellar medium. How the tenuous interstellar gas becomes a relatively dense star, and how a new star interacts with its environment, are currently lively and active fields of astronomical research. Since the ubiquitous cosmic dust makes the gas in denser clouds opaque to visual radiation, the main way that we can probe regions of star formation is by detecting radio emissions from molecules that are formed in the gas during the collapse. About 130 different molecular species have been detected in interstellar clouds. Most of these molecular species are formed in a variety of gas phase reactions, but some species depend on surface reactions for their formation. Understanding these chemical routes helps us to describe in detail the physical conditions in the gas during the collapse that leads to star formation and in the interaction of the new star with the cloud in which it was formed. We give three examples of such interactions: We describe how the interaction of a newly-formed hot star interacts with the material close to the star but which was not incorporated in it. We show that the molecules that can be seen in such situations were until recently frozen-out as ices on the surfaces of dust grains. Many young stars have outflows in the form of well-collimated high-velocity jets that impact on nearby interstellar gas to create shocked regions. We show that these shocked regions illuminate and modify the chemistry of those regions. The characteristic chemistry arising enables us to describe the nature of the jet/cloud interaction in detail. Stellar jets widen into general outflows that encounter clumps of denser gas. The outflow from a massive star usually ionised. The interaction between such an outflow and a pre-existing clump creates a characteristic interface chemistry. We describe recent observations that appear to be the first detection of such an interface in a region in which massive stars are forming.


Description In the fall of 1938, Alfred Winslow Jones, a Columbia University graduate student, interviewed 1,705 Akron, Ohio, residents in order to gauge attitudes toward large corporations. Jones selected Akron because it was "crucial," a hotbed of labor unrest and conflict between large manufacturing firms and their employees, where the sit-down strike in particular had polarized the community. If rigid class lines existed anywhere, they ought to be evident in Akron. Jones discovered, however, that the polarization so evident in the workplace and in local politics had had only a minimal effect on underlying attitudes and values, even on controversial subjects such as the rights of corporations. One reviewer described his findings as "a most heartening testimonial to the vitality of our democracy." Life, Liberty, and Property reports the actual comments of a broad range of Akron interviewees. Their statements provide a compelling and often colorful commentary on life in a divided and anxious midwestern city. By 1938, the worst of the Depression was over, but jobs remained uncertain. The international turmoil that would lead to World War II was beginning to be a source of concern. Most of all, the appropriate roles for government and big business in a democratic society troubled Akron residents. Jones's interviews illuminate the whole range of public issues at a critical juncture in American history. Life, Liberty, and Propertyis an invaluable source on Akron, on Ohio, and on American society.


Written largely through the lens of rich nations, scholars have developed theories about how digital technology affects democracy. However, largely due to a paucity of evidence, these theories have excluded the experience of Sub-Saharan Africa, where meaningful access to digital tools is only beginning to emerge, but where the struggles between failed state and functioning democracy are profound. Using the lens of the 2007-2008 Kenyan Presidential Election Crisis, this case study illustrates how digitally networked technologies, specifically mobile phones and the Internet, were a catalyst to both predatory behavior such as ethnic-based mob violence and to civic behaviors such as citizen journalism and human rights campaigns. The paper concludes with the notion that while digital tools can help promote transparency and keep perpetrators from facing impunity, they can also increase the ease of promoting hate speech and ethnic divisions.


Many combinatorial problems deal with preferences and violations, the goal of which is to find solutions with the minimum cost. Weighted constraint satisfaction is a framework for modeling such problems, which consists of a set of cost functions to measure the degree of violation or preferences of different combinations of variable assignments. Typical solution methods for weighted constraint satisfaction problems (WCSPs) are based on branch-and-bound search, which are made practical through the use of powerful consistency techniques such as AC*, FDAC*, EDAC* to deduce hidden cost information and value pruning during search. These techniques, however, are designed to be efficient only on binary and ternary cost functions which are represented in table form. In tackling many real-life problems, high arity (or global) cost functions are required. We investigate efficient representation scheme and algorithms to bring the benefits of the consistency techniques to also high arity cost functions, which are often derived from hard global constraints from classical constraint satisfaction.

The literature suggests some global cost functions can be represented as flow networks, and the minimum cost flow algorithm can be used to compute the minimum costs of such networks in polynomial time. We show that naive adoption of this flow-based algorithmic method for global cost functions can result in a stronger form of ?-inverse consistency. We further show how the method can be modified to handle cost projections and extensions to maintain generalized versions of AC* and FDAC* for cost functions with more than two variables. Similar generalization for the stronger EDAC* is less straightforward. We reveal the oscillation problem when enforcing EDAC* on cost functions sharing more than one variable. To avoid oscillation, we propose a weak version of EDAC* and generalize it to weak EDGAC* for non-binary cost functions. Using various benchmarks involving the soft variants of hard global constraints ALLDIFFERENT, GCC, SAME, and REGULAR, empirical results demonstrate that our proposal gives improvements of up to an order of magnitude when compared with the traditional constraint optimization approach, both in terms of time and pruning.


As is well-known, the Court of King's Bench in Marshall v. Rutton (1800), under Chief Justice Lloyd Kenyon, overruled earlier King's Bench decisions by Lord Mansfield that had allowed creditors to prevail in suits against married women in an expanding set of factual circumstances. As Kenyon confessed in Marshall, he had never been satisfied with the Mansfield decisions, and had wished that a case "should come to take away all the difficulties." The Marshall case fulfilled his wish. Kenyon, however, was not the powerful leader of King's Bench that Mansfield had been, and but for fortuities of judicial turnover, the turnabout in Marshall might not have been effected. The Marshall case was argued twice before eleven of the twelve common law judges, first on May 9, 1798 (absent Baron Perryn), and again on May 10, 1780 (absent Justice Buller). The printed report of the case (8 Term Reports 545) is relatively brief, containing only Chief Justice Kenyon's judgment. The Paper Book belonging to junior King's Bench justice Soulden Lawrence, however, survives at Lincoln's Inn Library, and it contains extensive notes by Lawrence of the two arguments before all the judges. The notes reveal that by the time of the second argument, a sea change in judicial attitudes had occurred. When the case was first argued in 1798, two of the justices who had voted with Lord Mansfield in earlier cases were still serving – Justice Ashhurst on King's Bench, and Justice Buller, formerly Mansfield's protege on King's Bench, who had transferred to Common Pleas in 1794. By the time the second argument arrived in 1800, Justice Ashhurst had resigned and Justice Buller was in failing health (he died a month after the second argument, which he did not attend). Also, Chief Justice Eyre of the Court of Common Pleas, who attended the first argument, died in July 1799 and was replaced by former Attorney General Sir John Scott, newly-created Lord Eldon. Further, plaintiff's counsel at the second argument was Edward Law (who in 1802 became Lord Ellenborough and succeeded Kenyon as Chief Justice of King's Bench), and it is clear from colloquies between Law and the judges that Law did not have his heart in the case. The fact that newly appointed judges find ways to effect change while pretending to honor stare decisis is hardly surprising. It is nonetheless important where possible to make the historical record transparent. Justice Lawrence's manuscripts allow us to see behind the curtain in the influential case of Marshall v. Rutton. Further, it is interesting in light of Chief Justice Kenyon's views as expressed in Marshall to consider who was held liable for the wife's "necessaries" in cases decided in the years that followed, especially when the husband's behavior toward the wife was violent, brutish, or shockingly dismissive.


Is your application or Web site ready for prime time? A major revision of a classic reference, GUI Bloopers 2.0 looks at user interface design bloopers from commercial software, Web sites, Web applications, and information appliances, explaining how intelligent, well-intentioned professionals make these mistakes--and how you can avoid them. While equipping you with the minimum of theory, GUI expert Jeff Johnson presents the reality of interface design in an entertaining, anecdotal, and instructive way. * Updated to reflect the bloopers that are common today, incorporating many comments and suggestions from first edition readers. * Takes a learn-by-example approach that teaches how to avoid common errors.* Covers bloopers in a wide range of categories: GUI controls, graphic design and layout, text messages, interaction strategies, Web site design -- including search, link, and navigation, responsiveness issues, and management decision-making. * Organized and formatted so information needed is quickly found, the new edition features call-outs for the examples and informative captions to enhance quick knowledge building. * Hundreds of illustrations: both the DOs and the DON'Ts for each topic covered, with checklists and additional bloopers on www.gui-bloopers.com.


Practitioners and theorists have given attention recently to the role and status of research activities in Canadian university continuing education units. For individuals in units that are increasing the proportion of their organizational activities devoted to research, there will be an ongoing process of cognitive change and development as a new organizational culture emerges. Sensemaking is used in this article as a heuristic for exploring the process of incorporating and developing research activities in university continuing education units. Sensemaking is the cognitive process of justifying or legitimating a decision or outcome after the decision or outcome is already known. It is associated with organizational models that reject an exclusively rational decision-making paradigm of organizational action. Sensemaking recognizes the centrality of the following elements in the interpretation of research activities and their relationship to organizational life: time, identity construction, and the ongoing creation of context. The authors provide an extended reflection on the process of meaning-making that may be experienced by individuals as conventional research becomes a more important part of organizational life. Such a reflection may support and inform the change process as it occurs in university continuing education units.


The Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) has completed construction of twenty-four hot-mix recycle projects as of January, 1985. At the beginning of this study there were sixteen completed projects that were to be examined. Evaluation of the laboratory and pavement performance data shows that WSDOT's initial two projects, Renslow to Ryegrass (1977) and Yakima River to West Ellensburg Interchange (1978), are still performing very well. Although the other fourteen projects have been constructed only within the last two and a half years, the early data indicate equally promising results. Because of the impressive pavement performance exhibited by the recycled pavements, together with hot-mix recycle benefits such as conservation of natural resources, feasibility of construction, and its cost advantage over new ACP, hot-mix recycling has become an attractive addition to the WSDOT paving program.


The following books have been received from publishers and are under consideration for review in the Journal of Psychology and Theology. Listing of a volume does not necessarily imply that it will be reviewed. Readers with appropriate academic and professional background who are interested in joining the panel of book reviewers are encouraged to correspond with the editor, enclosing a copy of their current professional curriculum vitae.


Survival and quality efficiency of Lactobacillus casei microencapsulated by spray drying using different vegetable extracts (asparagus, artichoke, orange or grapefruit peel) were evaluated. Aqueous suspensions of the vegetable extracts with or without maltodextrin (adjusting to 25% w/w) were prepared for the microencapsulation of L. casei . The evaluated spray drying conditions were at a fixed air inlet temperature (Tin) of 145 °C and varying the aqueous suspensions flux (Q) of 10 or 15 g/min. Survival of L. casei was evaluated after the spray drying process and after 60 days of storage at 25 °C. The quality efficiency of the microencapsulated L. casei was evaluated by measuring in the product, physicochemical properties (moisture content, a w ), determining moisture gain and modeling adsorption isotherms, besides analyzing micrographs. Results demonstrated that moisture content of the different spray drying powders was less than 2% wb and less than 0.30 of a w . It was evidently that the use of maltodextrin reduced 50% the powders moisture gain (hygroscopicity) therefore reducing stickiness problems during storage. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) confirmed individual particles formation with a homogeneous coat when using vegetable extracts+maltodextrin and hence better powder quality than without it. The microbial reduction of L. casei after the spray drying process was of one log cycle and significantly different (p < 0.05) with the presence of maltodextrin when using orange or grapefruit peel. A microbial population over 10 7 cfu/g of L. casei microencapsulated was maintained after 60 days of storage which guarantees its use to develop functional food.


Home Health Care (HHC) services are becoming increasingly important in Europe's aging societies. Elderly people have varying degrees of need for assistance and medical treatment. It is advantageous to allow them to live in their own homes as long as possible, since a long-term stay in a nursing home can be much more costly for the social insurance system than a treatment at home providing assistance to the required level. Therefore, HHC services are a cost-effective and flexible instrument in the social system. In Germany, organizations providing HHC services are generally either larger charities with countrywide operations or small private companies offering services only in a city or a rural area. While the former have a hierarchical organizational structure and a large number of employees, the latter typically only have some ten to twenty nurses under contract. The relationship to the patients ("customers") is often long-term and can last for several years. Therefore acquiring and keeping satisfied customers is crucial for HHC service providers and intensive competition among them is observed.


In this thesis, the enhanced Galerkin (eG) finite element method in time is presented. The eG method leads to higher order accurate energy and momentum conserving time integrators for the underlying finite-dimensional Hamiltonian systems. This thesis is concerned with particle dynamics and semi-discrete nonlinear elastodynamics. The conservation is generally related to the collocation property of the eG method. The momentum conservation renders the Gaussian quadrature and the energy conservation is obtained by using a new projection technique. An objective time discretisation of the used strain measures avoids artificial strains for large superimposed rigid body motions. The numerical examples show the well long term performance in the presence of stiffness as well as for calculating large-strain motions.


Study 1 (Chapter 2) is an empirical case study that concerns the nature of teaching–learning transactions that facilitate self-directed learning in vocational education and training of young adults in England. It addresses in part the concern that fostering the skills necessary for self-directed learning is an important endeavor of vocational education and training in many contexts internationally. However, there is a distinct lack of studies that investigate the extent to which facilitation of self-directed learning is present within vocational education and training in different contexts. An exploratory thematic qualitative analysis of inspectors' comments within general Further Education college Ofsted inspection reports was conducted to investigate the balance of control of the learning process between teacher and learner within vocational education and training of young adults in England. A clear difference between outstanding and inadequate provision is reported. Inadequate provision was overwhelmingly teacher-directed. Outstanding provision reflected a collaborative relationship between teacher and learner in directing the learning process, despite the Ofsted framework not explicitly identifying the need for learner involvement in directing the learning process. The chapter offers insight into the understanding of how an effective balance of control of learning between teacher and learner may be realized in vocational education and training settings and highlights the need to consider the modulating role of contextual factors.

Following the further research directions outlined in Chapter 2, study 2 (Chapter 3) is a theoretical chapter that addresses the issue that fostering adult learners' competence to adapt appropriately to our ever-changing world is a primary concern of adult education. The purpose of the chapter is novel and examines whether the consideration of modes of learning (instruction, performance, and inquiry) could assist in the design of adult education that facilitates self-directed learning and enables learners to think and perform adaptively. The concept of modes of learning originated from the typology of Houle (1980). However, to date, no study has reached beyond this typology, especially concerning the potential of using modes of learning in the design of adult education. Specifically, an apparent oversight in adult learning theory is the foremost importance of the consideration of whether inquiry is included in the learning process: its inclusion potentially differentiates the purpose of instruction, the nature of learners' performance, and the underlying epistemological positioning. To redress this concern, two models of modes of learning are proposed and contrasted. The reinforcing model of modes of learning (instruction, performance, without inquiry) promotes teacher-directed learning. A key consequence of employing this model in adult education is that learners may become accustomed to habitually reinforcing patterns of perceiving, thinking, judging, feeling, and acting—performance that may be rather inflexible and represented by a distinct lack of a perceived need to adapt to social contextual changes: a lack of motivation for self-directed learning. Rather, the adapting model of modes of learning (instruction, performance, with inquiry) may facilitate learners to be adaptive in their performance—by encouraging an enhanced learner sensitivity toward changing social contextual conditions: potentially enhancing learners' motivation for self-directed learning.

In line with the further research directions highlighted in Chapter 3, concerning the need to consider the nature and treatment of educational experiences that are conductive to learner growth and development, study 3 (Chapter 4) presents a systematic review of the experiential learning theory; a theory that perhaps cannot be uncoupled from self-directed learning theory, especially in regard to understanding the cognitive aspect of self-directed learning, which represents an important direction for further research on self-directed learning. D. A. Kolb's (1984) experiential learning cycle is perhaps the most scholarly influential and cited model regarding experiential learning theory. However, a key issue in interpreting Kolb's model concerns a lack of clarity regarding what constitutes a concrete experience, exactly. A systematic literature review was conducted in order to examine: what constitutes a concrete experience and what is the nature of treatment of a concrete experience in experiential learning? The analysis revealed five themes: learners are involved, active, participants; knowledge is situated in place and time; learners are exposed to novel experiences, which involves risk; learning demands inquiry to specific real-world problems; and critical reflection acts as a mediator of meaningful learning. Accordingly, a revision to Kolb's model is proposed: experiential learning consists of contextually rich concrete experience, critical reflective observation, contextual-specific abstract conceptualization, and pragmatic active experimentation. Further empirical studies are required to test the model proposed. Finally, in Chapter 5 key findings of the studies are summarized, including that the models proposed in Chapters 3 and 4 (Figures 2 and 4, respectively) may be important considerations for further research on self-directed learning.


SUMMARY Pesticides are important agricultural tools often used in combination to avoid resistance in target pest species, but there is growing concern that their widespread use contributes to the decline of pollinator populations. Pollinators perform sophisticated behaviours while foraging that require them to learn and remember floral traits associated with food, but we know relatively little about the way that combined exposure to multiple pesticides affects neural function and behaviour. The experiments reported here show that prolonged exposure to field-realistic concentrations of the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and the organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor coumaphos and their combination impairs olfactory learning and memory formation in the honeybee. Using a method for classical conditioning of proboscis extension, honeybees were trained in either a massed or spaced conditioning protocol to examine how these pesticides affected performance during learning and short- and long-term memory tasks. We found that bees exposed to imidacloprid, coumaphos, or a combination of these compounds, were less likely to express conditioned proboscis extension towards an odor associated with reward. Bees exposed to imidacloprid were less likely to form a long-term memory, whereas bees exposed to coumaphos were only less likely to respond during the short-term memory test after massed conditioning. Imidacloprid, coumaphos and a combination of the two compounds impaired the bees' ability to differentiate the conditioned odour from a novel odour during the memory test. Our results demonstrate that exposure to sublethal doses of combined cholinergic pesticides significantly impairs important behaviours involved in foraging, implying that pollinator population decline could be the result of a failure of neural function of bees exposed to pesticides in agricultural landscapes.


Given the general lack of empirical data for evaluating green infrastructure (GI) in housing development projects, this study analyzed the costs and anticipated benefits of a GI housing project development in the City of Vaudreuil-Dorion, Quebec, Canada, including roads, drainage, water supply, and wastewater. The concept of managing storm water, wastewater, and water supply connected to a constructed lake within a closed loop has not been evaluated in detail previously. This study evaluated the economic costs and benefits of the investment in dollar terms using three methods of calculation: (1) the Center for Neighborhood Technology National Green ValuesTM Calculator, (2) the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation's Life Cycle Costing Tool, and (3) cost-benefit analysis. The findings of this study indicate that a GI project can provide significant economic and environmental benefits to cities.


We describe how inflation, the act of mapping a 2D silhouette to a 3D region, can be applied in two disparate problems to offer insight and improvement: silhouette part segmentation and image-based material transfer. To demonstrate this, we introduce Puffball, a novel inflation technique, which achieves similar results to existing inflation approaches -- including smoothness, robustness, and scale and shift-invariance -- through an exceedingly simple and accessible formulation. The part segmentation algorithm avoids many of the pitfalls of previous approaches by finding part boundaries on a canonical 3-D shape rather than in the contour of the 2-D shape; the algorithm gives reliable and intuitive boundaries, even in cases where traditional approaches based on the 2D Minima Rule are misled. To demonstrate its effectiveness, we present data in which subjects prefer Puffball's segmentations to more traditional Minima Rule-based segmentations across several categories of silhouettes. The texture transfer algorithm utilizes Puffball's estimated shape information to produce visually pleasing and realistically synthesized surface textures with no explicit knowledge of either underlying shape.


Groundwater is not being perceived as an important water resource and therefore has been given limited attention in South Africa. This is reflected in general statistics showing that only 13% of the nation's total water supply originates from groundwater. In contrast, most towns in arid areas depend on groundwater either as a sole supply or as an essential supply for drought management. The perception remains that groundwater is not a sustainable resource for bulk domestic supply and cannot be managed properly. Despite this, a growing number of municipalities utilise groundwater on a regular basis, and provide examples of successful management of this resource. Various guidelines for groundwater management in South Africa have been developed. These are valuable sources of information in terms of requirements and steps to protect and manage aquifers. However, an overarching groundwater management framework was still lacking. Hence, the Water Research Commission (WRC) has commissioned a project to develop a Groundwater Management Framework that incorporates all aspects of groundwater management at municipal level. The proposed Groundwater Management Framework aims to improve on the management of groundwater resources by equipping the responsible authorities with the required tools and capacity. This goes beyond data collection and monitoring, and requires human and capital resources. The framework includes a detailed description of the different functions and the relevant responsibilities, the required skills, the optimal position within the municipal structure and required communication lines. Hence, the assigned responsibilities and available tools to achieve sustainable groundwater management reflect the local level of water institutions, i.e. Water Services Authority (WSA), Water Services Provider (WSP) and Water User Associations (WUAs). However, the principles of the framework can be applied at all levels and all scales. It is recommended that this framework be rolled out and promoted at the local government level, in combination with requisite skills development at operational level, and training of municipal officials, as well as providing incentives for successful implementation and integration of groundwater management in municipal planning.


This report presents the results of laboratory testing to validate the use of Fine Aggregate Angularity (FAA) measurements with the Superpave method of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) design. A search of literature and Minnesota FAA data was conducted in preparation for FAA testing of aggregates and HMA design. Laboratory tests of aggregates included sieve analysis, specific gravity and FAA. Additional work was also performed by acquiring digital imaging data for the aggregates. Testing of asphalt mixtures included dynamic modulus tests and asphalt pavement analyzer tests. Testing was performed on four asphalt mixtures representing a range of Minnesota FAA values. Dynamic modulus testing was performed at three temperatures and five frequencies. Data from the dynamic modulus tests were processed using nonlinear regression. The resulting master curves of dynamic modulus vs. frequency were referenced to test temperature 54C. Asphalt pavement analyzer data at 54C was analyzed with respect to rutting curve. Laboratory test results for aggregates and mixtures were analyzed together using statistical methods to develop correlation coefficients and linear trends. It was found that dynamic modulus and rut resistance values are strongly related to aggregate blend FAA. Some additional parameters from digital imaging also predicted modulus and rut resistance very well and should be included in future reference.


This volume collects the lecture notes of an introductory course on the theory of many-body systems, held at the Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa. It is mainly addressed to fourth and fifth-year undergraduates and to first-year graduates in physics and chemistry. The book is also suitable for researchers in the field wanting to gain a general introductory overview on its modern focal points. Starting from a set of notes first prepared in 1994, which were mainly focused on conduction electrons in metals and semiconductors, these lecture notes are now being reprinted with some major changes and additions in order to provide the reader with an overview of recent developments in the understanding of low-dimensional electron fluids and of confined quantum gases made from bosonic and fermionic atoms and molecules.The book is divided into seven chapters and includes 18 appendices on specialized topics. The introductory chapter illustrates some of the longstanding problems in many-body physics. Chapters 2, 3 and 4 are mainly devoted to topics concerning electron fluids. A formal presentation of the theory of Green's functions and linear response functions for fermions in chapter 2 is followed by a chapter on electron liquids in the normal state and by a further chapter on the magnetism of conduction electrons and strongly correlated electron fluids. Chapter 5 turns to the formal theory of Green's functions and linear response functions for bosons. And finally, Chapters 6 and 7 are on trapped boson gases and on confined fermion gases and gaseous boson-fermion mixtures.


Some groups use endemic social norms rather than formal law to regulate their intellectual property (IP). This qualitative empirical study extends and critiques existing work on this topic by examining how roller derby skaters guarantee exclusive use of the pseudonyms under which they compete. Roller derby names are a central part of this countercultural, all-girl sport, adding to its distinctive combination of punk and camp. Skaters have developed an elaborate rule structure, registration system, and governance regime to protect the uniqueness of their pseudonyms. The emergence of this extra-legal governance scheme despite the ready availability of IP theories (e.g., trademark, rights of publicity) to protect derby names challenges a central tenet of the prevailing literature that such norms emerge only where IP law has no subject-matter application. This analysis of derby names shows that IP norms emerge independently of law's substantive (un)availability, so long as the relevant group is close-knit and the norms are welfare-maximizing. These groups are especially likely to craft formal regulation and registration schemes to buttress informal norms where the relevant community is identity-constitutive, and where the intangible goods arise from nonmarket production. In addition to this critique of existing explanations for IP norm emergence, this study suggests a counter-theory for the emergence of user-generated IP governance systems, casts (further) doubt on the coherence of the prevailing neoclassical economic assumptions underlying IP law, and calls into question what it means for rules to be law.


Do injured persons whose injuries are potentially eligible for compensation under social insurance schemes experience worse health outcomes and slower recoveries in the medium-to long-term than persons with similar injuries that are not covered by compensation schemes? Epidemiologists and health services researchers have probed that question since the 1970s, but interest in it has accelerated sharply in the last decade. A substantial empirical literature now exists to support the existence of a link between compensation status and health outcomes. A strand of that literature specifically implicates the role of compensation processes, lawyers and adversarialism in producing or perpetuating ill health among claimants. This article critically reviews research into the compensation-health relationship. Systematic methodological weaknesses are identified – in particular, an inability to come to grips with the legal contours and realities of compensation processes. We conclude that, although there are important gaps in the evidence, profound questions about the impact of compensation processes on claimants' health have been placed on the table. Legal professionals and policymakers must take these questions seriously. The involvement of legal scholars in multidisciplinary research may improve the quality of the evidence base and facilitate appropriate policy interventions.


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Feminism has long been concerned with privacy. Second-wave feminists assailed the divide between the public and the private spheres that trapped women in the home, excluded them from the workforce, and subjected them to domestic abuse. Second-wave feminists also argued in favor of a sphere of privacy that would allow women to make reproductive choices without state interference. These were powerful critiques of existing power structures, but they tended to overlook the experiences of poor women. As a condition of receiving welfare benefits, poor women have been subjected to drug tests, and they continue to face unannounced home inspections by government officials, fingerprinting, and restrictions on their reproductive choices. These formal welfare requirements overlay routinized surveillance of poor women, who must comply with extreme verification requirements to establish eligibility, travel to scattered offices to procure needed approvals, reappear in person at welfare offices at regular intervals to prove their ongoing eligibility, and answer intrusive questions about their child rearing and intimate relationships. Thus, while many Americans are uneasy about their privacy in a time of technological transformation, the harms poor women face from privacy deprivations go far beyond unease. This essay describes the privacy invasions experienced by welfare mothers and how the law has shaped their rights to privacy. It then explores how second-wave feminism considered privacy as experienced by poor women, and it analyzes whether third-wave feminism is up to the task of better securing privacy rights for poor women. The conclusion suggests a feminist advocacy strategy that would include the voices of poor women within a new conception of privacy.


Up to 40% of methane produced in aquatic systems is oxidized before it is released into the atmosphere. Microbial oxidation of methane is an important sink and potentially an important pathway for the incorporation of detrital carbon into aquatic food webs. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that methane-derived carbon was an important carbon source for Chironomus larvae in a small arctic lake, but that utilization of methane-derived carbon by larvae differed with depth. We found that an order of magnitude more methane was produced at 5m than at 2m. PCR analysis of sediments, found a greater quantity of methanogen DNA at 5m than at 2m, while methanotroph DNA was less common in sediments except for surface sediments. Larval tubes showed a unique composition of methanogen and methanotroph communities when compared to surrounding sediments. A surprisingly larger abundance of methanogens was found in larval hindguts than larval foreguts of Chironomus from deeper sediments. The presence of methanogens and methanotrophs within the larval guts in addition to their depleted d13C signature is consistent with our hypothesis that methane-derived carbon is an important basal food resource in this small lake. Furthermore, the combination of biogeochemical and microbial approaches provides insight into functional differences among habitats for a ubiquitous benthic consumer.


The present thesis explores factors and processes associated with the artistic profession and development of opera singers. The profession of opera singers has a long story deriving its origin in early 1600s in Italy. What is performed on opera stages today is written in the musical scores in the 18th and 19th century. The question arises how the modern opera singers live, learn and excel in their contemporary pursuit in order to meet the high demands on performance. The initial study identified health issues related to the professional activity of opera singers. Qualitative and quantitative measurements indicated that psychological problems were associated with a distinct worry for possible negative evaluation from significant others and a fear of vocal indisposition. A range of health-promoting activities was demonstrated aiming at preventing the occurrence of somatic problems that could cause vocal indisposition. Psychosocial problems concerned difficulties to maintain a family life and relations due to irregular working hours. In Study II, the psychological and physiological effects of singing lessons were investigated with respect to amateur and professional levels of singing experiences. Amateur singers experienced more well-being measured by self-reports of emotional states and by lower levels of stress hormones than professionals. In Study III, narrative accounts were collected to identify factors and processes in the artistic development during higher opera education. A descriptive model was created that embraced the development of various skills such as singing technique, means of expressiveness and interpersonal skills. Outcome variables from the education were artistic autonomy, artistic competence and change in self-concept. In Study IV, personality characteristics were assessed among elite students in opera and business education representing an artistic versus a traditional educational streaming. Female opera students, female business and male business students shared the personality characteristic of extraversion indicating a disposition towards sensation seeking. Male opera singers exhibited a profile of elevated levels of emotionality. In general, the findings across the studies demonstrate that the individual development of operatic artistry is a complex process where health-related issues, personality characteristics, skills acquisition and sociocultural values are critical constituents. A major result was the marked focus on the instrument per se, the voice. Vocal functioning in singing was described as a means of enabling operatic singing, a mode for artistic expression and indicator of health.


The use of technological resources in education has lead to positive changes in the elaboration of new methodologies, in this context technologies such as the Digital Interactive Whiteboard (DIW) can act by facilitating Learning. The mere presence of the DIW does not guarantee benefits for the student's learning process, that raises doubts about whether or not the resources available are used in a satisfactory manner. In this research it was possible to verify that there are few tools available for the DIW context, and many of them have problems of usability and content quality. Thus, a form of facilitate the content elaboration for the DIW is the use of Authoring Tools (ATs). In order to verify whether or not the use of ATs promotes better use of the DIW, an AT (entitled AtauDIW) was developed to assist the use of DIWs.


Keys, diagnoses and lists of species are presented for the marine families and genera of Gammaridea except those marinegammaroids treated by Barrtard& Barnard (1983). This work is a handbook for the identification of gammaridean amphipods to generic level through the use of artificial (non-phylogenetic) keys at the family-group level which lead to subsidiary keys to the genera of families or family groups. Genera in polytypic families are diagnosed and described sufficiently to fit the taxonomic complications within each group. Diagnoses of families are limited to those characters departing from a·gammaridean model which is diagnosed in words and illustrations; hence some families may have identical diagnoses. Therefore, cross-comparisons to similar families are made an organic part of each diagnosis. Family descriptions amplify the generalities of family characters. Relationships are identified not at phylogenetic level but in terms.of possible confusion in making identifications. The reader must cross-compare relationships among the several families that might be mentioned as part of the diagnoses because, to save space, all possible combinations are not replicated at every possible node. The same comparative method is generally but not exclusively used for the genera of each family. Multiple keys are provided for some of the more difficult families; taxa are often cited more tha, once in a key. A pictorial key to families operates with the same proviso that only the deviations from the model gammaridean are depicted. The pictorial key is arranged in reverse order so that the most anomalous taxa appear first and those closest to the model diagnosis are placed· at the end. This progression follows the idea that the most deviant taxa are the easiest to identify to family. level. The master key to families has the endpoints necessary to identify marine gammaroids by reference to Barnard & Barnard (1983); the two works are constructed .inparallel·fashion~·Families,andgenefawithin~families,areOfganisedalphabetically~ ·An index provides the principal reference for each genus and species. Where necessary, each taxon is supplied with notes on removals or major changes since 1965 which have not become common 2 Records of the Australian Museum (1991) Supplement 13 (Part 1) knowledge, or which are implemented herein. Each genus is supplied with a list of species and selected references. A geographic code, applied to each species, can be identified in the lists and maps of Bamard & Bamard (1983). A bibliography includes many publications not cited in the text but omits the marine gammaroids except for items published since 1980 which were not included in Bamard & Bamard (1983). Effective use of this handbook requires memorisation of a gammaridean model, skill in dissection following directions supplied herein, familiarity with the glossary, and acceptance of the idea that keys and diagnoses are only aids, not absolute endpoints.


Since the 1990s, Taiwan has achieved an impressive democratisation that has made it one of the most vibrant democratic societies in Asia. Most of the existing research about Taiwan's foreign policy and cross-strait relations neglects how Taiwan's identity and role as a democratic and pluralistic state influences the island's external relations. This article analyses how Taiwan's achievements in the field of democracy and human rights affect Taiwan's foreign policy and its identity in world politics, and why democracy and human rights are important for it and its external relations. The analysis uses role theory and the three roles of normative power, civilian power, and Global Good Samaritan.


As a result of the tourism industry's growth and receipts many communities have embraced the industry as an economic development tool. It is less clear if tourism can be a panacea. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide a better understanding of the economic geography of the tourism industry across the geographically complex Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC) study area. Using NAICS-based County Business Patterns data from the 2005 U.S. Census Bureau, this research endeavors to examine some of the economic impacts of tourism agglomeration by analyzing the industry's establishments, employment and average wages while utilizing a core-periphery theoretical framework. The empirical and spatial analysis revealed that while core counties had more tourism establishments and employment in absolute terms, there was a greater dependence on the tourism industry in the peripheral counties. These clusters of greater tourism dependence were found in the Smoky Mountains and the Poconos. Correlation analysis indicated that a positive and significant relationship was found between both accommodation establishment and employment location quotients versus accommodation average wages for the ARC as a whole. Conversely, the specialized periphery saw accommodation average wage levels driven down with the clustering of accommodation establishments. The implication here is that while tourism agglomeration can benefit the industry in economically robust counties, it can actually have a negative impact on accommodation wages in remote, less diversified counties were alternative economic opportunities are limited. Additionally, remoteness as measured by the percent of National Forest and National Park land acreage by county was positively correlated to accommodation agglomeration indicating that tourism clusters in the ARC are often associated with natural amenities and wilderness.


Abstract. A set of seasonal drought forecast models was assessed and verified for the
Jaguaribe River in semiarid northeastern Brazil. Meteorological seasonal
forecasts were provided by the operational forecasting system used at FUNCEME
(Ceará's research foundation for meteorology) and by the European Centre
for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Three downscaling approaches
(empirical quantile mapping, extended downscaling and weather pattern
classification) were tested and combined with the models in hindcast mode for
the period 1981 to 2014. The forecast issue time was January and the forecast
period was January to June. Hydrological drought indices were obtained by
fitting a multivariate linear regression to observations. In short, it was
possible to obtain forecasts for (a) monthly precipitation,
(b) meteorological drought indices, and (c) hydrological drought indices. The skill of the forecasting systems was evaluated with regard to root mean
square error (RMSE), the Brier skill score (BSS) and the relative operating
characteristic skill score (ROCSS). The tested forecasting products showed
similar performance in the analyzed metrics. Forecasts of monthly
precipitation had little or no skill considering RMSE and mostly no skill
with BSS. A similar picture was seen when forecasting meteorological drought
indices: low skill regarding RMSE and BSS and significant skill when
discriminating hit rate and false alarm rate given by the ROCSS (forecasting
drought events of, e.g., SPEI1 showed a ROCSS of around 0.5). Regarding
the temporal variation of the forecast skill of the meteorological indices,
it was greatest for April, when compared to the remaining months of the rainy
season, while the skill of reservoir volume forecasts decreased with lead
time. This work showed that a multi-model ensemble can forecast drought events of
timescales relevant to water managers in northeastern Brazil with skill. But
no or little skill could be found in the forecasts of monthly precipitation
or drought indices of lower scales, like SPI1. Both this work and those
here revisited showed that major steps forward are needed in forecasting the
rainy season in northeastern Brazil.


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The tiny Amp 1L packs a 45 lumen LED. With a large carabiner loop, this handheld light can hang off of a gear loop on your pack or the inside of your tent. Amp 1 L comes with a snap on cone to convert your flashlight into a marker light or to provide area lighting. When the adventure is over, this light still comes in handy with its built-in bottle opener. Amp 1L is waterproof to 100M (330ft). Color cones (red, blue or green) are sold separately.


This lecture script examines the nature and role of standards for the emerging 21st century library. Given the dynamic character of the networked environment, when are standards appropriate and how can they be developed in a manner consistent with the volatility of information technologies and changing library services? What are the roles and responsibilities of standards developing organizations, technology vendors, content creators, and librarians for standards? Do local practices of libraries threaten standards-based resource sharing and resource access technologies? Can local needs be balanced with broader library community responsibilities, and how do standards affect this balance? The speaker's assumption is that adherence to standards has never been more critical, yet his implementation experience with Z39.50 and MARC suggests that the commitment to national and international standards by librarians, technology vendors, and content creators are often an example of good intentions rather than actual practice. This standards disconnect threatens the emerging 21st century library's ability to deliver fundamental services in appropriate ways to their users.


The early Christian Church was a chaos of contending beliefs. Some groups of Christians claimed that there was not one God but two or twelve or thirty. Some believed that the world had not been created by God but by a lesser, ignorant deity. Certain sects maintained that Jesus was human but not divine, while others said he was divine but not human. In Lost Christianities, Bart D. Ehrman offers a fascinating look at these early forms of Christianity and shows how they came to be suppressed, reformed, or forgotten. All of these groups insisted that they upheld the teachings of Jesus and his apostles, and they all possessed writings that bore out their claims, books reputedly produced by Jesus's own followers. Modern archaeological work has recovered a number of key texts, and as Ehrman shows, these spectacular discoveries reveal religious diversity that says much about the ways in which history gets written by the winners. Ehrman's discussion ranges from considerations of various "lost scriptures"--including forged gospels supposedly written by Simon Peter, Jesus's closest disciple, and Judas Thomas, Jesus's alleged twin brother--to the disparate beliefs of such groups as the Jewish-Christian Ebionites, the anti-Jewish Marcionites, and various "Gnostic" sects. Ehrman examines in depth the battles that raged between "proto-orthodox Christians"-- those who eventually compiled the canonical books of the New Testament and standardized Christian belief--and the groups they denounced as heretics and ultimately overcame. Scrupulously researched and lucidly written, Lost Christianities is an eye-opening account of politics, power, and the clash of ideas among Christians in the decades before one group came to see its views prevail.


Will reading habit influence your life? Many say yes. Reading malaysias economic vision issues challenges is a good habit; you can develop this habit to be such interesting way. Yeah, reading habit will not only make you have any favourite activity. It will be one of guidance of your life. When reading has become a habit, you will not make it as disturbing activities or as boring activity. You can gain many benefits and importances of reading.


Based on the notion of excedances of type B introduced by Brenti, we give a type B analogue of the derangement polynomials. The connection between the derangement polynomials and Eulerian polynomials naturally extends to the type B case. Using this relation, we derive some basic properties of the derangement polynomials of type B, including the generating function formula, the Sturm sequence property, and the asymptotic normal distribution. We also show that the derangement polynomials are almost symmetric in the sense that the coefficients possess the spiral property.


Today, society is driven by capitalist discourse, which profoundly affects our way of life. In this article we discuss how, from an analytic viewpoint, we can respond to this. According to Lacan, the psychoanalyst will offer a way out of the capitalist discourse by taking the position of lathouse from the analytical discourse. This means that the analyst should incarnate the object a, and personify the lost cause or object: "he acts as trash." However, there seems to be some caution required, for which Lacan referred to the position of the Saint and Balthasar Gracian. We will discuss the tricks put to the fore by Gracian: silence, absence and appearance, which will all revolve around the question of desire. Next, we turn to the position of the Saint in Seminar XXIII, introducing three new tricks from Joyce: silence, exile and cunning. We end by discussing the concept of the 'scabeaustration'. There can only be 'a saint' when one no longer wants to be 'a saint, castrating the 'desire-to-know,' the 'desire-to-interpret,' and the 'desire-to-die.' The saint will have localized his symptom, recognized it, beyond the therapeutic changes, as a specific modality of jouissance.


In this paper we deal with the problem of fitting an autoregression of order p to given data coming from a stationary autoregressive process with infinite order. The paper is mainly concerned with the selection of an appropriate order of the autoregressive model. Based on the so–called final prediction error (FPE) a bootstrap order selection can be proposed, because it turns out that one relevant expression occurring in the FPE is ready for the application of the bootstrap principle. Some asymptotic properties of the bootstrap order selection are proved. To carry through the bootstrap procedure an autoregression with increasing but non–stochastic order is fitted to the given data. The paper is concluded by some simulations.


Damage diagnosis based on a bank of Kalman filters, each one conditioned on a specific hypothesized system condition, is a well recognized and powerful diagnostic tool. This multi-hypothesis approach can be applied to a wide range of damage conditions. In this paper, we will focus on the diagnosis of cracks in rotating machinery. The question we address is: how to optimize the multi-hypothesis algorithm with respect to the uncertainty of the spatial form and location of cracks and their resulting dynamic effects. First, we formulate a measure of the reliability of the diagnostic algorithm, and then we discuss modifications of the diagnostic algorithm for the maximization of the reliability. The reliability of a diagnostic algorithm is measured by the amount of uncertainty consistent with no-failure of the diagnosis. Uncertainty is quantitatively represented with convex models.


We investigate permutations in terms of their cycle structure and descent set. To do this, we generalize the classical bijection of Gessel and Reutenauer to deal with permutations that have some ascending and some descending blocks. We then provide the first bijective proofs of some known results. We also extend the work of Eriksen, Freij, and Wastlund, who study derangements that descend in blocks of prescribed lengths. In particular, we solve some problems they posed and also obtain a new combinatorial sum for counting derangements with ascending and descending blocks.


Using the ten-year (2000–2009) DataAssimilation (DA) quality Terra MODIS and MISR aerosol products, as well as 7 years of Aqua MODIS, we studied both regional and global aerosol trends over oceans. This included both operational and data assimilation grade versions of the products. After correcting for what appears to be aerosol signal drift from the radiometric calibration of both MODIS instruments, we found MODIS and MISR agreed on a statistically negligible global trend of ±0.003/per decade. Our study also suggests that AODs over the Indian Bay of Bengal, east coast of Asia, and Arabian Sea show increasing trends of 0.07, 0.06, and 0.06 per decade for MODIS, respectively. These regional trends are considered as significant with a confidence level above 95%. Similar increasing trends were found from MISR, but with less relative magnitude. These trends reflect respective increases in the optical intensity of aerosol events in each region: anthropogenic aerosols over the east coast of China and Indian Bay of Bengal; and a stronger influence from dust events over the Arabian Sea. Negative AOD trends, low in confidence levels, are found off Central America, the east coast of North America, and the west coast of Africa, which indicate that longer periods of observation are necessary to be conclusive. Correspondence to: J. Zhang (email@example.com)


In this short essay, written for a symposium in the San Diego Law Review, Professor Daniel Solove examines the nothing to hide argument. When asked about government surveillance and data mining, many people respond by declaring: "I've got nothing to hide." According to the nothing to hide argument, there is no threat to privacy unless the government uncovers unlawful activity, in which case a person has no legitimate justification to claim that it remain private. The nothing to hide argument and its variants are quite prevalent, and thus are worth addressing. In this essay, Solove critiques the nothing to hide argument and exposes its faulty underpinnings.


Let $R$, $S$ and $T$ be finite sets with $|R|=r$, $|S|=s$ and $|T|=t$. A code $C\subset R\times S\times T$ with covering radius $1$ and minimum distance $2$ is closely connected to a certain generalized partial Latin rectangle. We present various constructions of such codes and some lower bounds on their minimal cardinality $K(r,s,t;2)$. These bounds turn out to be best possible in many instances. Focussing on the special case $t=s$ we determine $K(r,s,s;2)$ when $r$ divides $s$, when $r=s-1$, when $s$ is large, relative to $r$, when $r$ is large, relative to $s$, as well as $K(3r,2r,2r;2)$. Some open problems are posed. Finally, a table with bounds on $K(r,s,s;2)$ is given.


Ha-Joon Chang's "23 Things They Don't Tell You About Capitalism" turns received economic wisdom on its head to show you how the world really works. In this revelatory book, Ha-Joon Chang destroys the biggest myths of our times and shows us an alternative view of the world, including: there's no such thing as a 'free' market Globalization isn't making the world richer; we don't live in a digital world - the washing machine has changed lives more than the internet; poor countries are more entrepreneurial than rich ones; higher paid managers don't produce better results; and we don't have to accept things as they are any longer. Ha-Joon Chang is here to show us there's a better way. "Lively, accessible and provocative ...read this book". (Sunday Times). "A witty and timely debunking of some of the biggest myths surrounding the global economy".("Observer"). "The new kid on the economics block...Chang's iconoclastic attitude has won him fans". (Independent on Sunday). "Lucid ...audacious ...increasingly influential ...will provoke physical symptoms of revulsion if you are in any way involved in high finance". ("Guardian"). "Important ...persuasive ...an engaging case for a more caring era of globalization". ("Financial Times"). "A must-read ...incisive and entertaining". ("New Statesman Books of the Year"). Ha-Joon Chang is a Reader in the Political Economy of Development at the University of Cambridge. He is author of "Kicking Away the Ladder: Development Strategy in Historical Perspective", which won the 2003 Gunnar Myrdal Prize, and "Bad Samaritans: Rich Nations", "Poor Policies" and the "Threat to the Developing World". Since the beginning of the 2008 economic crisis, he has been a regular contributor to the "Guardian", and a vocal critic of the failures of our economic system.


31 "Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah, 32 not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, my covenant that they broke, though I was their husband, declares the Lord. 33 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 34 And no longer shall each one teach his neighbor and each his brother, saying, 'Know the Lord,' for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest, declares the Lord. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more."


Rodman, Sean. Dead Run . Victoria, BC: Orca Book Publishers, 2012. Print. I have no fear. I'm tensed and ready, like a coiled spring. I know that the stakes in this race are high. But I am not afraid. I'm totally focused. Nothing exists except the starting signal. And the bike beneath me. This is how Sean Rodman introduces us to his seventeen-year old protagonist, Sam. The first-person, present-tense narration locates the reader right there, right now, sharing Sam's excitement, his tension, his hopes and dreams. The trip through this fast and furious 120-page book keeps you on the edge of your seat, always wondering what's around the next corner. Sam hasn't had a lot of breaks. His Mom took off a few years ago, and his dad works the night shift at a warehouse. He knows his only ride out of a dead-end life will be on the back of his racing bike. So when he lands a job as a bicycle courier, and his boss Viktor just happens to be a former gold-medal-winning Olympic cyclist, Sam thinks he's hit pay dirt. Viktor agrees to coach him, but in exchange, Sam has to deliver strange packages to empty warehouses, after hours. He suspects he's involved in something illegal, but his drive to cross the finish line first blinds him to other choices. Even when his girlfriend Robin assures him that he always has a choice, he just can't seem to navigate a clear path through the obstacles.  Will the choices he makes lead him to the finish line? Or will he just be finished? Dead Run, one of the Orca Soundings series for reluctant teen readers, was written specifically for struggling, reluctant teen readers. But you'd never know it! Sean Rodman has worked in schools around the world and his understanding of teen readers is evident. Rodman's succinct sentences and short, snappy paragraphs perfectly capture the fast-paced action and sense of urgency that drive the plot forward. Although flawed, Sam's character is both convincing and likable. I found myself cheering for him right to the bitter end. Sam's plight is one most teen readers can relate to, and the book's resolution is both fair and fitting. This book has definite appeal for male readers, especially if they are into cycling.  An excellent selection for a public or school library collection. Highly Recommended: 4 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Terri Hayes Terri Hayes is a teacher and student, currently completing a Master of Education in Teacher-Librarianship at the University of Alberta. Terri has been a voracious reader ever since her introduction to Dick & Jane at the age of six. Luckily, the quality of books for children has improved tremendously since those days, and now, one of her primary goals is to instill that same love of reading in her students. When she's not scouring the local library for her next great read, Terri can usually be found reading to her grandchildren or hopping a plane to some destination she's read about in a book.


A signed graph  is a graph where each edge is labeled as either positive or negative. A circle is positive if the product of edge labels is positive. The frustration index  is the least number of edges that need to be removed so that every remaining circle is positive. The maximum frustration  of a graph is the maximum frustration index over all possible sign labellings. We prove two results about the maximum frustration of a complete bipartite graph $K_{l,r}$, with $l$ left vertices and $r$ right vertices. First, it is bounded above by\[ \frac{lr}{2}\left(1-\frac{1}{2^{l-1}}\binom{l-1}{\lfloor \frac{l-1}{2}\rfloor}\right).\] Second, there is a unique family of signed $K_{l,r}$ that reach this bound. Using this fact, exact formulas for the maximum frustration of $K_{l,r}$ are found for $l \leq 7$.


In this paper, we discuss the problem of testing for a changepoint in the structure
of an integer-valued time series. In particular, we consider a test statistic
of cumulative sum (CUSUM) type for general Poisson autoregressions of order
1. We investigate the asymptotic behaviour of conditional least-squares estimates
of the parameters in the presence of a changepoint. Then, we derive the
asymptotic distribution of the test statistic under the hypothesis of no change,
allowing for the calculation of critical values. We prove consistency of the test,
i.e. asymptotic power 1, and consistency of the corresponding changepoint estimate.
As an application, we have a look at changepoint detection in daily
epileptic seizure counts from a clinical study.


This book provides the first clear, comprehensive, and accessible account of complex adaptive social systems, by two of the field's leading authorities. Such systems--whether political parties, stock markets, or ant colonies--present some of the most intriguing theoretical and practical challenges confronting the social sciences. Engagingly written, and balancing technical detail with intuitive explanations, Complex Adaptive Systems focuses on the key tools and ideas that have emerged in the field since the mid-1990s, as well as the techniques needed to investigate such systems. It provides a detailed introduction to concepts such as emergence, self-organized criticality, automata, networks, diversity, adaptation, and feedback. It also demonstrates how complex adaptive systems can be explored using methods ranging from mathematics to computational models of adaptive agents. John Miller and Scott Page show how to combine ideas from economics, political science, biology, physics, and computer science to illuminate topics in organization, adaptation, decentralization, and robustness. They also demonstrate how the usual extremes used in modeling can be fruitfully transcended.


Form 990 Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax 2021 Under section 501(c), 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (except private foundations) Open to Public G Do not enter social security numbers on this form as it may be made public. Department of the Treasury Inspection Internal Revenue Service G Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information. A For the 2021 calendar year, or tax year beginning , 2021, and ending , 20


Nothing in the city is experienced by itself for a city's perspicacity is the sum of its surroundings. To paraphrase Lynch (1960), at every instant, there is more than we can see and hear. This is the reality of the physical city, and thus in order to replicate the visual experience of the city within digital space, the space itself must convey to the user a sense of place. This is what we term the "Visual City", a visually recognisable city built out of the digital equivalent of bricks and mortar, polygons, textures, and most importantly data. Recently there has been a revolution in the production and distribution of digital artefacts which represent the visual city. Digital city software that was once in the domain of high powered personal computers, research labs and professional software are now in the domain of the public-at-large through both the web and low-end home computing. These developments have gone hand in hand with the re-emergence of geography and geographic location as a way of tagging information to non-proprietary web-based software such as Google Maps, Google Earth, Microsoft's Virtual Earth, ESRI's ArcExplorer, and NASA's World Wind, amongst others. The move towards 'digital earths' for the distribution of geographic information has, without doubt, opened up a widespread demand for the visualization of our environment where the emphasis is now on the third dimension. While the third dimension is central to the development of the digital or visual city, this is not the only way the city can be visualized for a number of emerging tools and 'mashups' are enabling visual data to be tagged geographically using a cornucopia of multimedia systems. We explore these social, textual, geographical, and visual technologies throughout this chapter.


This report examines the current U.S. poverty measure and finds that it has failed to keep up with public consensus on the minimum amount of income needed to "get along" in the United States in the 21st Century. The author then examines a potential approach to revising the measure, based on recommendations made by a National Academy of Sciences panel in 1995, that improves in some ways on the current measure, but has serious limitations of its own that require further research before it is adopted. Moreover, the NAS approach results in a poverty measure that would remain far below the public's get-along level. This report concludes by suggesting a truly new approach that the incoming Administration should adopt- a "tiered" poverty and economic-inclusion measure that is modeled on the child poverty measure adopted in 2003 by the United Kingdom.


This paper deals with communication patterns and conflict in agricultural extension. A strong assumption is that, extension could be expected to enhance agricultural and rural development, but an appropriate communication pattern and conflict in extension remains unsolved. Therefore, the objectives of this paper are three-folds, namely (a) to identify the social processes among actors in implementation of social engineering-based extension and social learning-based extension, (b) to map the communication patterns in agricultural extension, and (iii) to analyze the conflicting functions in agricultural extension. This study uses a Comparative Case Studies Method by focusing on social engineering and social learning in agricultural extension, using a Purposive Sampling Technique. The sample consists of government oficial (including extension officer), private sector, researcher and farmer groups. The results show that (i) social process among actors in agricultural extension based on social engineering is more project-oriented (dissociative), while social process in social learning-based extension tends to be cooperation-oriented due to the same interest in achieving goal of programs, especially skill and knowledge improvement (associative), (ii) communication in social engineering-based extension is a linier pattern (top down), while communication in social learning-based extension is using a convergent (participatory) pattern, (iii) conflict in agricultural extension based on social engineering is generally latent (hidden) and will eventually explode and impede extension, impacting group unsolidarity, while in extension based on social learning, conflict generally are on the surface (manifest), and the accommodation is one way to solve. A major implication of these findings is the stepping up of agricultural extension (based on social learning process) which becomes a push factor towards independency group in finding new innovation. The research suggests that social learning-based extension should be developed as a potential way to sustain an important role of extension in agricultural and rural development.


We construct a family of time-independent nearest-neighbor Hamiltonians coupling eight-state systems on a 1D ring that enables universal quantum computation. Hamiltonians in this family can achieve universality either by driving a continuous-time quantum walk or by terminating an adiabatic algorithm. In either case, the universality property can be understood as arising from an efficient simulation of a programmable quantum circuit. Using gadget perturbation theory, one can demonstrate the same kind of universality for related Hamiltonian families acting on qubits in 2D. Our results demonstrate that simulating 1D chains of spin-7/2 particles is BQP-hard, and indeed BQP-complete because the outputs of decision problems can be encoded in the outputs of such simulations.


From the Publisher:
Cynthia Breazeal here presents her vision of the sociable robot of the future, a synthetic creature and not merely a sophisticated tool. A sociable robot will be able to understand us, to communicate and interact with us, to learn from us and grow with us. It will be socially intelligent in a humanlike way. Eventually sociable robots will assist us in our daily lives, as collaborators and companions. Because the most successful sociable robots will share our social characteristics, the effort to make sociable robots is also a means for exploring human social intelligence and even what it means to be human.
Breazeal defines the key components of social intelligence for these machines and offers a framework and set of design issues for their realization. Much of the book focuses on a nascent sociable robot she designed named Kismet. Breazeal offers a concrete implementation for Kismet, incorporating insights from the scientific study of animals and people, as well as from artistic disciplines such as classical animation. This blending of science, engineering, and art creates a lifelike quality that encourages people to treat Kismet as a social creature rather than just a machine. The book includes a CD-ROM that shows Kismet in action.


Abstract. Subseasonal variability of cloud radiative properties in the persistent southeast Pacific stratocumulus deck is investigated using MODIS satellite observations and NCEP reanalysis data. A once-daily albedo proxy is derived based on the fractional coverage of low cloud (a macrophysical field) and the cloud albedo, with the latter broken down into contributions from microphysics (cloud droplet concentration) and macrophysics (liquid water path). Subseasonal albedo variability is dominated by the contribution of low cloud fraction variability, except within 10–15° of the South American coast, where cloud albedo variability contributes significantly. Covariance between cloud fraction and cloud albedo also contributes significantly and positively to the variance in albedo, which highlights how complex and inseparable the factors controlling albedo are. Droplet concentration variability contributes only weakly to the subseasonal variability of albedo, which emphasizes that attributing albedo variability to the indirect effects of aerosols against the backdrop of natural meteorological variability is extremely challenging. The dominant large scale meteorological variability is associated with the subtropical high pressure system. Two indices representing changes in the subtropical high strength and extent explain 80–90% of this variability, and significantly modulate the cloud microphysical, macrophysical, and radiative cloud properties. Variations in droplet concentration of up to 50% of the mean are associated with the meteorological driving. We hypothesize that these fluctuations in droplet concentration are a result of the large scale meteorology and their correlation with cloud macrophysical properties should not be used as evidence of aerosol effects. Mechanisms by which large scale meteorology affects cloud properties are explored. Our results support existing hypotheses linking cloud cover variability to changes in cold advection, subsidence, and lower tropospheric stability. Within 10° of the coast interactions between variability in the surface high pressure system and the orography appear to modulate both cloud macrophysical properties and aerosol transport through suppression of the marine boundary layer depth near the coast. This suggests one possible way in which cloud macrophysical properties and droplet concentration may be correlated independently of the second aerosol indirect effect. The results provide variability constraints for models that strive to represent both meteorological and aerosol impacts on stratocumulus clouds.


The gCube System - My VREs Portlet
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gCube My VREs Portlet shows only the VO and VREs a user is member of, divided by category.
This software is part of the gCube Framework (https://www.gcube-system.org/): an
open-source software toolkit used for building and operating Hybrid Data
Infrastructures enabling the dynamic deployment of Virtual Research Environments
by favouring the realisation of reuse oriented policies.
The projects leading to this software have received funding from a series of
European Union programmes including:
* the Sixth Framework Programme for Research and Technological Development -
DILIGENT (grant no. 004260);
* the Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and
demonstration - D4Science (grant no. 212488), D4Science-II (grant no.
239019),ENVRI (grant no. 283465), EUBrazilOpenBio (grant no. 288754), iMarine
(grant no. 283644);
* the H2020 research and innovation programme - BlueBRIDGE (grant no. 675680),
EGIEngage (grant no. 654142), ENVRIplus (grant no. 654182), Parthenos (grant
no. 654119), SoBigData (grant no. 654024);
Version
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2.3.0-4.6.0-142278 (2017-08-01)
Please see the file named "changelog.xml" in this directory for the release notes.
Authors
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* Massimiliano Assante (firstname.lastname@example.com), Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione "A. Faedo" - CNR, Pisa (Italy).
Maintainers
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* Massimiliano Assante (email@example.com), Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione "A. Faedo" - CNR, Pisa (Italy).
Download information
--------------------------------------------------
Source code is available from SVN: http://svn.research-infrastructures.eu/public/d4science/gcube/trunk/portlets/user/my-vres
Binaries can be downloaded from the gCube website: https://www.gcube-system.org/
Installation
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Installation documentation is available on-line in the gCube Wiki: https://wiki.gcube-system.org/gcube/index.php
Documentation
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Documentation is available on-line in the gCube Wiki: https://wiki.gcube-system.org/gcube/index.php
Support
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Bugs and support requests can be reported in the gCube issue tracking tool: https://support.d4science.org/projects/gcube/
Licensing
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This software is licensed under the terms you may find in the file named "LICENSE" in this directory.


This musical composition was created from data of microbes (bacteria, algae and other microorganisms) sampled in the English Channel. Argonne National Laboratory biologist Peter Larsen created the songs as a unique way to present and comprehend large datasets. More details: All of the data in this composition derives from twelve observed time points collected at monthly intervals at the L4 Station during 2007. The composition is composed of seven choruses. Each chorus has the same chord progression of 12 measures each in which chords are derived from monthly measures of temperature and chlorophyll A concentrations. The first and last chorus melodies are environmental parameter data as in 'Blues for Elle'. The melody in each of the second through sixth chorus is generated from the relative abundances of one of the five most common microbial taxa: Rickettsiales, Rhodobacteriales, Flavobacteriales, Cyanobactera, and Pseudomondales. A different 'instrument' is used to represent each microbial taxon. Melodies for microbial taxa were generated as in 'Far and Wide'. More information at http://www.anl.gov/articles/songs-key... Image: Cyanobacteria, probably genus Gloeotrichia, taken in darkfield. Credit Specious Reasons via Flickr Creative Commons (http://www.flickr.com/photos/28594931...)


This workshop is intended as a forum for discussion, exchange of points of view, assessment of results and methods, and as a source of dissemination and promotion of the newest advances in the area of spatial and temporal reasoning. Recent years have witnessed remarkable advances in some of the longstanding problems of the field (for instance, new results about tractability for spatial calculi, explicit construction of models, characterization of important subclasses of relations), as well as in the development of new areas (the appearance of new integrated spatio-temporal calculi is one example, as well as the development of multi-dimensional spatial calculi). Likewise, proposals have been made to remedy some of the weak points of the symbolic approach, by introducing fuzzy versions of classical calculi, or importing non-monotonic techniques for dealing with incomplete information. At the same time, leaders in AI have sounded the need for solving real problems and making the work on representation and reasoning relevant to the real world.


Retaining employees is an important goal of every organization. This thesis explores the factors that can significantly impact employee retention in an organisation. It attempts to relate some of the factors discovered to major theories such as the Employee Equity Model, Herzberg's (Two-Factor) Theory and the Job Embeddedness Theory. The literature surveyed by this study mention employee motivation, job satisfaction and job embeddedness as the main factors that influence employee retention rates. The study proposes that job embeddedness is a superior model that significantly explains employee retention. The population for the study were 53 respondents out of 75 taken from a patent firm in Australia, a representation of the rapidly growing knowledge industry. The participants of the survey were contacted through private email and selected for the study by simple random sampling done via the listing of the employee names in a spreadsheet program. The survey questions were categorized under six major theories of employee retention with each category having an average of five questions. Four most significant theories emerging were compared and the theory best explaining employee retention was chosen. The four most significant theories were Employee Equity Model, Herzberg's (Two-Factor) Theory and the Job Embeddedness Theory, and the one that most explains employee retention was Herzberg's (Two-Factor) Theory. This implies that notwithstanding the age of the Two-Factor theory, it is still significant for managing employee retention in today's rapidly expanding service- and knowledge-based organizations.


Burks, James. Bird & Squirrel On The Run! New York: Scholastic Graphix, 2012. Print. After years as an artist in the hallways of the animation industry, author/illustrator James Burks takes an unlikely duo on an adventure of discovered friendship. Timid Squirrel, complete with winter food preparations and a fear of almost everything ("Don't you know that cats are responsible for 47 percent of all squirrel deaths each year?"), suddenly loses his winter safety net in dramatic fashion, catching the hungry eye of a determined and ferocious cat.  Squirrel has no choice but to grudgingly pair himself with the animal responsible for his loss, an adventurous Bird who brazenly lives in the moment ("The world is our oyster!") but who attracts trouble with every swoop of his wing.  Together they venture south to find warmth and food, dodging their persistently predatory cat and other natural hazards but find help along the way from a kind family of moles.  A few shared life and death adventures later, Bird and Squirrel begin to appreciate and learn from each other's ways, discovering new aspects of their own personalities while becoming true friends in the process.  Burks uses clean lines and brightly coloured characters against more neutral backgrounds to frame clear and simple facial expressions that will appeal to younger readers. The fast paced story is presented with minimal change in perspective and timeline which makes this an ideal introduction to graphic novels for younger readers.  Recommended: 3 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Annabelle Pendry Annabelle Pendry loves her job as Teacher Librarian at Mount Pleasant Elementary in Vancouver, BC.


The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a conserved ligand-activated transcription factor required for proper vertebrate development and homeostasis. The inappropriate activation of AHR by ubiquitous pollutants can lead to adverse effects on wildlife and human health. The zebrafish is a powerful model system that provides a vertebrate data stream that anchors hypothesis at the genetic and cellular levels to observations at the morphological and behavioral level, in a high-throughput format. In order to investigate the endogenous functions of AHR, we generated an AHR2 (homolog of human AHR)-null zebrafish line (ahr2osu1) using the clustered, regulatory interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 precision genome editing method. In zebrafish, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) mediated toxicity requires AHR2. The AHR2-null line was resistant to TCDD-induced toxicity, indicating the line can be used to investigate the biological and toxicological functions of AHR2. The AHR2-null zebrafish exhibited decreased survival and fecundity compared to the wild type line. At 36 weeks, histological evaluations of the AHR2-null ovaries revealed a reduction of mature follicles when compared to wild type ovaries, suggesting AHR2 regulates follicle growth in zebrafish. AHR2-null adults had malformed cranial skeletal bones and severely damaged fins. Our data suggests AHR2 regulates some aspect(s) of neuromuscular and/or sensory system development, with impaired behavioral responses observed in larval and adult AHR2-null zebrafish. This study increases our understanding of the endogenous functions of AHR, which may help foster a better understanding of the target organs and molecular mechanisms involved in AHR-mediated toxicities.


The first New Testament Library volume to focus on a Gospel, this commentary offers a careful reading of the book of Mark. Internationally respected interpreter M. Eugene Boring brings a lifetime of research into the Gospels and Jesus into this lively discussion of the first Gospel.The New Testament Library offers authoritative commentary on every book and major aspect of the New Testament, as well as classic volumes of scholarship. The commentaries in this series provide fresh translations based on the best available ancient manuscripts, offer critical portrayals of the historical world in which the books were created, pay careful attention to their literary design, and present a theologically perceptive exposition of the text.


In this volume Martin Heidegger confronts the philosophical problems of language and begins to unfold the meaning begind his famous and little understood phrase "Language is the House of Being." The "Dialogue on Language," between Heidegger and a Japanese friend, together with the four lectures that follow, present Heidegger's central ideas on the origin, nature, and significance of language. These essays reveal how one of the most profound philosophers of our century relates language to his earlier and continuing preoccupation with the nature of Being and himan being. One the Way to Language enable readers to understand how central language became to Heidegger's analysis of the nature of Being. On the Way to Language demonstrates that an interest in the meaning of language is one of the strongest bonds between analytic philosophy and Heidegger. It is an ideal source for studying his sustained interest in the problems and possibilities of human language and brilliantly underscores the originality and range of his thinking.