Hekaton is a new database engine optimized for memory resident data and OLTP workloads. Hekaton is fully integrated into SQL Server; it is not a separate system. To take advantage of Hekaton, a user simply declares a table memory optimized. Hekaton tables are fully transactional and durable and accessed using T-SQL in the same way as regular SQL Server tables. A query can reference both Hekaton tables and regular tables and a transaction can update data in both types of tables. T-SQL stored procedures that reference only Hekaton tables can be compiled into machine code for further performance improvements. The engine is designed for high con-currency. To achieve this it uses only latch-free data structures and a new optimistic, multiversion concurrency control technique. This paper gives an overview of the design of the Hekaton engine and reports some experimental results.


This breakthrough book provides a detailed reconstruction of Stalin's leadership from the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939 to his death in 1953. Making use of a wealth of new material from Russian archives, Geoffrey Roberts challenges a long list of standard perceptions of Stalin: his qualities as a leader; his relationships with his own generals and with other great world leaders; his foreign policy; and his role in instigating the Cold War. While frankly exploring the full extent of Stalin's brutalities and their impact on the Soviet people, Roberts also uncovers evidence leading to the stunning conclusion that Stalin was both the greatest military leader of the twentieth century and a remarkable politician who sought to avoid the Cold War and establish a long-term detente with the capitalist world. By means of an integrated military, political, and diplomatic narrative, the author draws a sustained and compelling personal portrait of the Soviet leader. The resulting picture is fascinating and contradictory, and it will inevitably change the way we understand Stalin and his place in history. Roberts depicts a despot who helped save the world for democracy, a personal charmer who disciplined mercilessly, a utopian ideologue who could be a practical realist, and a warlord who undertook the role of architect of post-war peace.


— identified a scenario in which a charged particle falling toward a near-extreme Reissner-Nordstrom black hole can penetrate the black hole and drive it beyond the extremal limit, thereby giving rise to an apparent violation of cosmic censorship. A version of this scenario, relevant to a Kerr black hole and involving a particle with orbital and/or spin angular momentum, was recently examined by Jacobson and Sotiriou (following up on earlier work by Hod); here also the black hole is driven beyond the extremal limit. The Hubeny analysis was inconclusive, however, because in her scenario the particle crosses the horizon with a near-vanishing acceleration; the test-body acceleration is of the same order of magnitude as the acceleration pro-duced by the particle's own electromagnetic self-force, which was not incorporated in the analysis. In this talk we report on our computation of the electromagnetic self-force acting on a charged particle falling radially toward a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole, and we reveal whether the self-force acts as a cosmic censor by preventing the particle from reaching the event horizon.


Cicero was a prodigious letter writer, and happily a splendid treasury of his letters has come down to us: collected and in part published not long after his death, over 800 of them were rediscovered by Petrarch and other humanists in the fourteenth century. Among classical texts this correspondence is unparalleled; nowhere else do we get such an intimate look at the life of a prominent Roman and his social world, or such a vivid sense of a momentous period in Roman history. The 435 letters collected here represent Cicero's correspondence with friends and acquaintances over a period of 20 years, from 62 B.C., when Cicero's political career was at its peak, to 43 B.C., the year he was put to death by the victorious Triumvirs. They range widely in substance and style, from official dispatches and semi-public letters of political importance to casual notes that chat with close friends about travels and projects, domestic pleasures and books, and questions currently debated. This new Loeb Classical Library edition of the Letters to Friends, in three volumes, brings together D. R. Shackleton Bailey's standard Latin text, now updated, and a revised version of his much admired translation first published by Penguin. This authoritative edition complements the new Loeb edition of Cicero's Letters to Atticus, also translated by Shackleton Bailey.


Larsen, Andrew, Dusan Petricic, and Yvette Ghione. In the Tree House . Toronto, ON: Kids Can Press, 2013. Print. Inspired in part by the author's childhood dreams of building a treehouse, Andrew Larsen relates the story of a young boy who designs and builds a treehouse with his older brother and father. He and his brother spend an idyllic summer playing games, reading comics, and hanging out. But the next summer is different. The boy discovers that it's not much fun to have the treehouse to himself when his brother is busy spending time with friends. As he sits disconsolately in the treehouse, an unexpected blackout provides a different perspective on the neighbourhood and the boy's older sibling joins him in the treehouse, where they recapture some of the previous summer, sipping lemonade, reading comics by flashlight, and playing card games. This connection persists even after the power comes back on. Larsen's spare writing skillfully conveys the heaviness of the summer heat and evokes the feelings of excitement, of dreaming and fulfilling a dream, of exclusion and loneliness as siblings grow apart, the disappointment of having something but no one to share it with, and a longing for the past. Dusan Petricic's pen and ink illustrations complement the text beautifully. This book is aimed at children 3-6 years of age, but the content will strike a chord for older readers and reminiscing adults alike. The story reminded me of John Rocco's Blackout , in which a power outage is an event that brings busy family members and their neighbourhood closer together. Recommended: 3 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Maria Tan Maria is a Public Services Librarian at the University of Alberta's H. T. Coutts Education Library. She enjoys travelling and visiting unique and far-flung libraries. An avid foodie, Maria's motto is, "There's really no good reason to stop the flow of snacks".


In this article, the chief editor of the recently published book Maturing Usability: Quality in Software, Interaction and Value reports her experiences, from the very beginning when the book project was conceived to the time when the book was delivered. The two-year process was marked with different problems. It required trust, optimism, patience, and commitment of the contributors to overcome these challenges.

The book aims to provide an understanding of how current research and practice have contributed to improving quality from the perspectives of software features, interaction experiences, and achieved value. Specifically, the Q-SIV framework addresses quality in software by looking at how using development tools can enhance usability and other qualities, and how methods and models can be integrated into the development process.

The book addresses quality in interaction by applying theoretical frameworks on the nature of interactions and methodologies to evaluate qualities, such as usability, reliability, and pleasure; It addresses quality in value by assessing the impact that a system has in the real world, focusing on both increasing value for software development and on increasing value for users and other stakeholders. While the voyage to Maturing Usability has been anchored, other voyages to matured usability are envisioned and will likely be set sail in the near future.


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Abstract Objective: to know the prevalence of depression in patients with moderate-severe acne vulgaris. Hypothesis: the incidence of depression increases in patients with moderate-severe acne vulgaris and will therefore decrease the quality of life. Background: acne is a very frequent dermatosis in the outpatient clinic, it is not considered a life-threatening disease. It has been associated with negative emotional status. Also, suffering from it for a long time has been associated with depression, anxiety and frustration. The complications of acne in the psychosocial aspect are related to academic or vocational performance, self-esteem and adolescents' quality of life. Materials and Methods: the type of study was retrospective cross-sectional descriptive observational study. The sampling was carried out at the facilities of the Popular Autonomous University of the State of Puebla, taking into account any person within the institutional organisation within the range of 12-20 years of age, with a total of 50 participants. The Hamilton assessment scale of depression and the Cardiff Acne disability index were applied to all patients with dermatological diagnosis of moderate-severe vulgar acne in a period between February-October 2019. Results: a total of 50patients were analysed, of which 28 were women aged 12 to 20 years and 22 men (28 women and 13 men) and severe acne in 9 patients, all over 17 years of age and male. According to the degree of depression, 28% (n = 14) of the patients were obtained without some degree of depression; 60% (n = 30) with minor depression; 12% (n = 6) with moderate depression. Regarding the quality of life: 40% (n = 20) of the patients showed good quality of life, 46% (n = 23) regular quality of life and 14% (n = 7) showed poor quality of life. Conclusion: orderly study of the psychic impact of acne and other skin diseases on people suffering them is recent and is carried out through questionnaires that try to measure the impact the diseases have on the patients' quality of life.


The sky is falling on legal education say the pundits, and preparing "practice ready" graduates is one of the best strategies for surviving the fallout. This is a millennialist version of the argument for clinical legal education that dominated discussion in the law schools in the 1960s and 1970s. The circumstances are different now, as are the people calling for reform, but the two movements are alike in one respect: both view skills training as legal education's primary purpose. Everything else is a frolic and detour, and a fatal frolic and detour in hard times such as the present. No one would dispute that the United States legal system has a labor market problem, but law schools cannot revive the labor market, or improve the employment prospects of their graduates, by providing a different type of instruction. Placing students in jobs is a function of a school's academic reputation, not its curriculum, and the legal labor market will rebound only after the market as a whole has rebounded (and perhaps not then). The cause of the present troubles is a lack of jobs, not a lack of graduates (of any kind), and producing more "practice ready" graduates will have no effect on the supply of jobs. The proposal is a spectacular non sequitur to the present troubles.Were the proposal relevant to the present troubles, it has other problems. For one, the concept of "practice ready" is unintelligible. There are as many different types of practice as there are levels of readiness for it, and proponents of the proposal do not say which of these various possibilities (and combinations of possibilities), they have in mind. If the expression had a single meaning law schools still could not act on it because practice skill depends upon dispositions (i.e., habits informed by reflection), and dispositions take longer than a law school course to develop. Diverting resources to "practice ready" programs also would undermine a law school's ability to provide the body of knowledge and teach the critical thinking skills that underlie all law practice tasks. The ability to think from an informed perspective is the ultimate practice skill. The movement for "practice ready" instruction is a stealth move by the bar to transfer the costs of new lawyer training more than a program for improving the education of law students, and like a lot of blog commentary, it is more slogan than idea. Perhaps that is why it is so popular.


Ownership is determined by firm specific factors and the environment. Firms change over their lifecycle. The governance cycle – here defined as changes in identity of the dominant owner and ownership concentration is marked by key phases including start-up, growth, and possibly a restructuring or exit stage. During transition the cycle reflects: privatization often with a high proportion of employee ownership like in Russia and in Slovenia; strong pressures for restructuring and ownership changes; limited possibility for external finance because of embryonic development of the financial system. To provide simple hypothesis tests, we use Russian enterprise data for 1995-2003 and Slovenian data covering 1998-2003. In spite of differences in institutional development, concerning privatization and development of corporate governance institutions, we find that governance cycles are broadly similar in the two countries. Employee ownership is rapidly fading, but while change to manager and non-financial domestic outsider ownership is typical for Russia, manager ownership is not widespread in Slovenia. Instead change to financial outsiders in the form of Privatization Investment Funds is frequent. Foreign ownership, which is rare especially in Russia, is quite stable. The ownership diversification to employees and diversified external owners during privatization did not fit well to the low development of institutions. As expected we observe in both countries a subsequent concentration of ownership on managers, external domestic and foreign owners. JEL-codes: G3, J5, P2, P3


The dynamical and microphysical processes that influence water vapor concentrations in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) are investigated in simulations of ice clouds along backward trajectories of air parcels sampled during three flights of the Airborne Tropical Tropopause Experiment over the central to eastern tropical Pacific in boreal fall 2011. ERA‐Interim reanalysis temperatures interpolated onto the flight tracks have a negligible (−0.09 K) cold bias compared to aircraft measurements of tropical cold point temperature thus permitting case study simulations of TTL dehydration. When the effects of subgrid‐scale waves, cloud microphysical processes, and convection are considered, the simulated water vapor mixing ratios on the final day of 40 day backward trajectories exhibit a mean profile that is within 20–30% of the mean of the aircraft measurements collected during vertical profiling maneuvers between the 350 and 410 K potential temperature levels. Averaged over the three flights, temperature variability driven by subgrid‐scale waves dehydrated the 360–390 K layer by approximately −0.5 ppmv, whereas including homogeneous freezing of aqueous aerosols and subsequent sublimation and rehydration of ice crystals increased water vapor below the 380 K level by about +1 ppmv. The predominant impact of convection was to moisten the TTL, resulting in an average enhancement below the 370 K level by +1 to 5 ppmv. Accurate (to within 0.5–1 ppmv) predictions of TTL water vapor using trajectory models require proper representations of waves, in situ ice cloud formation, and convective influence, which together determine the saturation history of air parcels.


I argue that under a wide range of conditions it will be difficult for the state to justify non-enforcement of contracts on grounds of unconscionability without making itself vulnerable either to the charge of paternalism or the charge of hypocrisy. On the one hand, the state might take the view that there is something morally wrong with the agreement because it didn't make sense for the weaker party to enter into it in the first place. But this kind of justification seems to be premised upon a paternalistic judgment about the weaker party's rational capacities. On the other hand, the state might take the view that although the agreement was entered into freely and rationally by both parties, it nonetheless involves a morally problematic form of exploitation, because the stronger party has secured terms that take unfair advantage of the impoverished circumstances of the weaker party. But then it is difficult to see what could be morally wrong with the contract unless the conditions under which it was made were unjust. And if the injustice of the initial conditions contributes to the state's view that the agreement is morally problematic, then it will often be awkward for the state to invoke these moral problems to justify non-enforcement of the agreement, because the state will usually be deeply implicated in creating and preserving those unjust conditions of contract. The state's justification thus makes it vulnerable to the charge of hypocrisy: it appears to be subjecting contracting parties to a kind of critical scrutiny to which it does not subject its own actions. I consider two ways in which a defender of the unconscionability doctrine might respond to the hypocrisy charge. First, he might attempt to diffuse the objection by rejecting the key premise that drives it — that the state is in fact subjecting contracting parties to a form of critical scrutiny to which it does not subject its own actions. He might do so by arguing that the state has good reasons to preserve background injustices at least in the short-run. Second, he might deny that hypocrisy has any bearing on permissibility in this context. If this objection succeeds, then the state can continue to decline to enforce exploitative contracts notwithstanding the charge of hypocrisy. I argue that the diffusion strategy succeeds in some but not all circumstances, while the second objection fails in general because the state has a pro tanto reason not to act hypocritically.


By extending Cyc's ontology and KB approximately 2%, Cycorp and Cleveland Clinic Foundation (CCF) have built a system to answer clinical researchers' ad hoc queries. The query may be long and complex, hence only partially understood at first, parsed into a set of CycL (higher-order logic) fragments with open variables. But, surprisingly often, after applying various constraints (medical domain knowledge, common sense, discourse pragmatics, syntax), there is only one single way to fit those fragments together, one semantically meaningful formal query P. The system, SRA (for Semantic Research Assistant), dispatches a series of database calls and then combines, logically and arithmetically, their results into answers to P. Seeing the first few answers stream back, the user may realize that they need to abort, modify, and re-ask their query. Even before they push ASK, just knowing approximately how many answers would be returned can spark such editing. Besides real-time ad hoc query-answering, queries can be bundled and persist over time. One bundle of 275 queries is rerun quarterly by CCF to produce the procedures and outcomes data it needs to report to STS (Society of Thoracic Surgeons, an external hospital accreditation and ranking body); another bundle covers ACC (American College of Cardiology) reporting. Until full articulation/answering of precise, analytical queries becomes as straight-forward and ubiquitous as text search, even partial understanding of a query empowers semantic search over semi-structured data (ontology-tagged text), avoiding many of the false positives and false negatives that standard text searching suffers from.


This paper uncovers a new phenomenon in web search that we call domain bias --- a user's propensity to believe that a page is more relevant just because it comes from a particular domain. We provide evidence of the existence of domain bias in click activity as well as in human judgments via a comprehensive collection of experiments. We begin by studying the difference between domains that a search engine surfaces and that users click. Surprisingly, we find that despite changes in the overall distribution of surfaced domains, there has not been a comparable shift in the distribution of clicked domains. Users seem to have learned the landscape of the internet and their click behavior has thus become more predictable over time. Next, we run a blind domain test, akin to a Pepsi/Coke taste test, to determine whether domains can shift a user's opinion of which page is more relevant. We find that domains can actually flip a user's preference about 25% of the time. Finally, we demonstrate the existence of systematic domain preferences, even after factoring out confounding issues such as position bias and relevance, two factors that have been used extensively in past work to explain user behavior. The existence of domain bias has numerous consequences including, for example, the importance of discounting click activity from reputable domains.


Front:
Text describes action on various war fronts: Tunisia, Russia, Southwest Pacific, Air offensive, Aleutians.

Large world map is keyed to text and illustrates time zones around the world.

Inset map shows Tunisia.

Includes photographs: troops receiving daily news summaries, bombers in flight, M-10 tank destroyers, and a German Mark VI.

Back:
British Aircraft. 19 aircraft are identified by sketch or photograph. Text provides description of each.


During the last one and a half decades, wireless sensor networks have witnessed significant growth and tremendous development in both academia and industry. A large number of researchers, including computer scientists and engineers, have been interested in solving challenging problems that span all the layers of the protocol stack of sensor networking systems. Several venues, such as journals, conferences, and workshops, have been launched to cover innovative research and practice in this promising and rapidly advancing field. Because of these trends, I thought it would be beneficial to provide our sensor networks community with a comprehensive reference on as much of the findings as possible on a variety of topics in wireless sensor networks. As this area of research is in continuous progress, it does not seem to be a reasonable solution to keep delaying the publication of such reference any more.This book relates to the second volume and focuses on the advanced topics and applications of wireless sensor networks. Our rationale is that the second volume has all application-specific and non-conventional sensor networks, emerging techniques and advanced topics that are not as matured as what is covered in the first volume. Thus, the second volume deals with three-dimensional, underground, underwater, body-mounted, and societal networks. Following Donald E. Knuths above-quoted elegant strategy to focus on several important fields (The Art of Computer Programming: Fundamental Algorithms, 1997), all the book chapters in this volume include up-to-date research work spanning various topics, such as stochastic modeling, barrier and spatiotemporal coverage, tracking, estimation, counting, coverage and localization in three-dimensional sensor networks, topology control and routing in three-dimensional sensor networks, underground and underwater sensor networks, multimedia and body sensor networks, and social sensing. Most of these major topics can be covered in an advanced course on wireless sensor networks. This book will be an excellent source of information for graduate students majoring in computer science, computer engineering, electrical engineering, or any related discipline. Furthermore, computer scientists, researchers, and practitioners in both academia and industry will find this book useful and interesting.


Chapter 1 Present Time 1-1 Simple present and present progressive 1-2 Forms of the simple present and present progressive 1-3 Frequency adverbs 1-4 Singular/plural 1-5 Spelling of final --s/-es 1-6 Non-action verbs 1-7 Present verbs: short answers to yes/no questions Chapter 2 Past Time 2-1 Expressing past rime: the simple past 2-2 Spelling of --ing and --ed forms 2-3 The principal parts of a verb 2-4 Common irregular verbs: a reference list 2-5 Regular verbs: pronunciation of --ed endings 2-6 Simple past and past progressive 2-7 Expressing past time: using time clauses 2-8 Expressing past habit: used to Chapter 3 Future Time 3-1 Expressing future time: be going to and will 3-2 Forms with be going to 3-3 Forms with will 3-4 Certainty about the future 3-5 Be going to vs. will 3-6 Expressing the future in time clauses and if-clauses 3-7 Using the present progressive to express future time 3-8 Using the simple present to express future time 3-9 Immediate future: using be about to 3-10 Parallel verbs Chapter 4 Present Perfect and the Past Perfect 4-1 Past participle 4-2 Present perfect with since and for 4-3 Negative, question, and short-answer forms 4-4 Present perfect with unspecified time 4-5 Simple past vs. present perfect 4-6 Present perfect progressive 4-7 Present perfect progressive vs. present perfect 4-8 Past perfect Chapter 5 Asking Questions 5-1 Yes/no questions and short answers 5-2 Yes/no and information questions 5-3 Where, why, when, what time, how come, what!for 5-4 Questions with who, who(m), and what 5-5 Using what + a form of do 5-6 Using which and what kind of 5-7 Using whose 5-8 Using how 5-9 Using how often 5-10 Using how far 5-11 Length of time: it + take and how long 5-12 Spoken and written contractions with question words 5-13 More questions with how 5-14 Using how about and what about 5-15 Tag questions Chapter 6 Nouns and Pronouns 6-1 Plural forms of nouns 6-2 Pronunciation of final --s/-es 6-3 Subjects, verbs, and objects 6-4 Objects of prepositions 6-5 Prepositions of time 6-6 Word order: place and time 6-7 Subject-verb agreement 6-8 Using adjectives to describe nouns 6-9 Using nouns as adjectives 6-10 Personal pronouns: subjects and objects 6-11 Possessive nouns 6-12 Possessive pronouns and adjectives 6-13 Reflexive nouns 6-14 Singular forms of other: another vs. the other 6-15 Plural forms of other: other(s) vs. the other(s) 6-16 Summary of forms of other Chapter 7 Modal Auxiliaries 7-1 The form of modal auxiliaires 7-2 Expressing ability: can and could 7-3 Expressing possibility: may, might, and maybe Expressing permission: may and can 7-4 Using could to express possibility 7-5 Polite questions: may I, could I, can I 7-6 Polite questions: would you, could you, will you, can you 7-7 Expressing advice: should and ought to 7-8 Expressing advice: had better 7-9 Expressing necessity: have to, have got to, must 7-10 Expressing lack of necessity: do not have to Expressing prohibition: must not 7-11 Making logical conclusions: must 7-12 Tag questions with modal auxiliaries 7-13 Giving instructions: imperative questions 7-14 Making suggestions: let's and why don't 7-15 Stating preferences: prefer, like ! better, would rather Chapter 8 Connecting Ideas 8-1 Connecting ideas with and 8-2 Connecting ideas with but and or 8-3 Connecting ideas with so 8-4 Using auxiliary verbs with but 8-5 Using and + too, so, either, neither 8-6 Connecting ideas with because 8-7 Connecting ideas with even though/although Chapter 9 Comparisons 9-1 Making comparisons with as ! as 9-2 Comparative and superlative 9-3 Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs 9-4 Completing a comparative 9-5 Modifying a comparative 9-6 Comparisons with less ! than and not as ! as 9-7 Using more with nouns 9-8 Repeating a comparative 9-9 Using double comparatives 9-10 Using superlatives 9-11 Using the same, similar, different, like, alike Chapter 10 The Passive 10-1 Active sentences and passive sentences 10-2 Forms of the passive 10-3 Transitive and intransitive verbs 10-4 Using the by-phrase 10-5 Passive modal auxiliaries 10-6 Using past participles as adjectives (non-progressive passive) 10-7 Participial adjectives: -ed vs. -ing 10-8 Get + adjective get + past participle 10-9 Usingbe used/accustomed to and get used/accustomed to 10-10 Used to vs. be used to 10-11 Using be supposed to Chapter 11 Count/Noncount Nouns and Articles 11-1 A vs. an 11-2 Count and noncount nouns 11-3 Noncount nouns 11-4 More noncount nouns 11-5 Using several, a lot of, many/much, and a few/a little 11-6 Nouns that can be count or noncount 11-7 Using units of measure with noncount nouns 11-8 Guidelines for article usage 11-9 Using the or A with names 11-10 Capitalization Chapter 12 Adjective Clauses 12-1 Adjective clauses: introduction 12-2 Using who or that in adjective clauses to describe people 12-3 Using object pronouns in adjective clauses to describe people 12-4 Using pronouns in adjective clauses to describe things 12-5 Singular and plural verbs in adjective clauses 12-6 Using prepositions in adjective clauses 12-7 Using whose in adjective clauses Chapter 13 Gerunds and Infinitives 13-1 Verb + gerund 13-2 Go + -ing 13-3 Verb + infinitive 13-4 Verb + gerund or infinitive 13-5 Preposition + gerund 13-6 Using by and with to express how something is done 13-7 Using gerunds as subjects using it + infinitive 13-8 It + infinitive: using for (someone) 13-9 Expressing purpose with in order to and for 13-10 Using infinitives with too and enough Chapter 14 Noun Clauses 14-1 Noun clauses: introduction 14-2 Noun clauses that begin with a question word 14-3 Noun clauses that begin with if or whether 14-4 Noun clauses that begin with that 14-5 Other uses of that-clauses 14-6 Substituting so for a that-clause in conversational responses 14-7 Quoted speech 14-8 Quote speech vs. reported speech 14-9 Verb forms in reported speech 14-10 Common reporting verbs: tell, ask, answer/reply Appendix Supplementary Grammar Charts Unit A: A-1 The present perfect vs. the past perfect A-2 The past progressive vs. the past perfect A-3 Still vs. anymore A-4 Additional verbs followed by that-clauses A-5 Additional expressions with be + that-clauses Unit B: B-1 Phrasal verbs B-2 Phrasal verbs: a reference list Unit C: C-1 Preposition combinations: introduction C-2 Preposition combinations: a reference list Listening Script Trivia Answers Answer Key Index Audio CD Tracking List


Soar! is a musical composition written for wind ensemble and computer music. The total duration of the work is approximately 10 minutes. Flocking behavior of migratory birds serves as the most prominent influence on the imagery and local structure of the composition. The cyclical nature of the birds' journey inspires palindromic designs in the temporal domain. Aesthetically, Soar! portrays the fluid shapes of the flocks with numerous grains in the sounds. This effect is achieved by giving individual parts high degree of independence, especially in regards to rhythm. Technically, Soar! explores various interactions among instrumental lines in a wind ensemble, constructs overarching symmetrical structures, and integrates a large ensemble with computer music. The conductor acts as the leader at several improvisational moments in Soar! The use of conductor-initiated musical events in the piece can be traced back through the historic lineage of aleatoric compositions since the middle of the twentieth century. [Score is on p. 54-92.]


The increased interest in community engagement within higher education provides new opportunities for examining the role of university continuing education (UCE) units in relation to their participation in community university partnerships. This article is based on findings from a qualitative study that used a social theory lens to examine the perspectives and ideas of representatives from the university and the community relating to their experiences and interests in participating in collaborations in support of the social good. While the respondents from community-based research and community organizations identified few constraints affecting their involvement in these kinds of partnerships, the UCE study participants described a number of issues that affected their participation, such as an emphasis on revenue generation and the lack of organizational support for engagement. Considerations for supporting a common space for engagement involving UCE professionals include the development of a partnership model, the adoption of an asset-based approach, affiliations with national organizations and networks, seeking external visibility and recognition, and using social theories to guide the development of community engagement practices.


Growing up in the suburbs in post-war Japan, it seemed to Hajime that everyone but him had brothers and sisters. His sole companion was Shimamoto, also an only child. Together they spent long afternoons listening to her father's record collection. But when his family moved away, the two lost touch. Now Hajime is in his thirties. After a decade of drifting he has found happiness with his loving wife and two daughters, and success running a jazz bar. Then Shimamoto reappears. She is beautiful, intense, enveloped in mystery. Hajime is catapulted into the past, putting at risk all he has in the present.


The first Justice John Marshall Harlan has long been recognized as a defender of Black civil rights. Yet some scholars challenge Harlan's egalitarian reputation by arguing that he was anti-Chinese. In this Article, the Author discusses the evidence which has been offered to support the claim that Harlan was anti-Chinese and offers additional evidence never before presented to argue against this hypothesis. Harlan's critics have assembled some evidence in a way that suggests Harlan had an anti-Chinese bias. The Author suggests that the evidence is ambiguous and that it can be assembled to produce a different picture from the one Harlan's critics create. The Author also argues that Harlan's critics give insufficient weight to the fact that, sitting as a judge, Harlan was often constrained in his decision-making by stare decisis and his conception of the judicial role. The issues presented by the Chinese cases should be viewed in the context of their time and understood not as abstract statements of the Justices' personal beliefs but as a series of discrete judicial problems presented to the Court for decision. When one examines both the context and the details of the cases, the picture of Harlan that emerges is more nuanced than his critics have suggested.


Deep learning systems have dramatically improved the accuracy of speech recognition, and various deep architectures and learning methods have been developed with distinct strengths and weaknesses in recent years. How can ensemble learning be applied to these varying deep learning systems to achieve greater recognition accuracy is the focus of this paper. We develop and report linear and log-linear stacking methods for ensemble learning with applications specifically to speechclass posterior probabilities as computed by the convolutional, recurrent, and fully-connected deep neural networks. Convex optimization problems are formulated and solved, with analytical formulas derived for training the ensemble-learning parameters. Experimental results demonstrate a significant increase in phone recognition accuracy after stacking the deep learning subsystems that use different mechanisms for computing high-level, hierarchical features from the raw acoustic signals in speech.


Should qualitative researchers be members of the population they are studying, or should they not? Although this issue has been explored within the context of qualitative research, it has generally been reserved for discussions of observation, field research, and ethnography. The authors expand that discussion and explore membership roles by illustrating the insider status of one author and the outsider status of the other when conducting research with specific parent groups. The strengths and challenges of conducting qualitative research from each membership status are examined. Rather than consider this issue from a dichotomous perspective, the authors explore the notion of the space between that allows researchers to occupy the position of both insider and outsider rather than insider or outsider.


Written by Neil Gaiman; Art by Yoshitaka Amano Featuring striking painted artwork, this love story, set in ancient Japan, tells the story of a humble young monk and a magical, shape-changing fox who find themselves romantically drawn together. As their love blooms, the fox learns of a devilish plot by a group of demons to steal the monk's life. With the aid of Morpheus, the King of All Night's Dreamings, the fox must use all of her cunning and creative thinking to foil this evil scheme and save the man that she loves. This book also boasts an eight page section highlighting Yoshitaka Amano's amazing painted art.


Crystals for Beginners makes it easy to learn about crystals and how to use their positive energy in a variety of practical ways. This friendly introductory guide explores crystal magic, folklore, and wisdom. It features an alphabetical guide to crystals, along with advice on collecting, cleansing, and charging them. Handy reference charts help you quickly find information on birthstones, zodiac stones, precious metals, and more. You can empower, clarify, and illuminate your life with the help of these beautiful gems. Balance body, mind, and spirit Calm and center emotions Tap into inner wisdom Amplify and focus energy Experience richer dreams Develop intuition and creativity


The title compound, C14H20O5S·0.5H2O, crystallizes with two organic molecules and a solvent water molecule in the asymmetric unit. In both molecules, the hexapyranosyl rings adopt a slightly distorted chair conformation (5 C 2) with four substituents in equatorial positions and one substituent in an axial position. The main difference between the organic molecules is the dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the best plane defined by the O—C1—C2—C3 atoms (r.m.s deviations = 0.003 and 0.043 Å) of the hexapyranosyl rings [47.4 (4) and 86.5 (4)°]. In the asymmetric unit, molecules are linked by two strong O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, the components are linked by a total of 10 distinct O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, resulting in the formation of a two-dimensional network parallel to the ab plane.


MegaM@Rt2 project is a collaborative initiative of the ECSEL Joint Undertaking under Horizon 2020 EU programme. The project regroups 26 partners from 6 different European countries who jointly address challenges of engineering modern cyber-physical systems by using model-based engineering methods. Since it is a model-based project, we adopted a similar approach for dealing with requirements analysis, architecture, design, roadmap planning and development status checking. In these tasks, document generation methods were particularly useful to create a set of "live" reference specifications and contractual reports. We believe that these methods perfectly demonstrate relevant benefits of the model-based approach and are applicable to many other contexts. Document generation has several challenges, since the produced documents should address several goals and target different audience. Hence, we describe this approach in detail in this paper in the form of an experience report.
 In essence, the MegaM@Rt2 project had a rather trivial task to document inception phase of the project. The challenge arises from the scale of the project, we had to deal with hundreds of requirements from completely different users, hundreds of features of 29 tools, which had to be mapped to those requirements in order to analyze a gap and devise a roadmap for a consistent tool chain. With limited resource on technical coordination we had to be extremely efficient and thus we adopted a model-based approach that we describe in this paper. The paper should be helpful to project managers and architects who wish to discuss on model-based approaches from a practical side.


Paul Auster's meta-fictional detective story, City of Glass, involves a complex
linguistic investigation into the nature, function, and meaning of language. Using a
highly conventional literary genre, detective fiction, Auster, using deconstructionist
principles, carefully structures the collapse of these conventions, ultimately a signifying
structure, and with them the collapse of language.
Paul Karasik and David Mazzucchelli adapted from City of Glass a graphic novel,
Paul Auster's City of Glass, extending Auster's interrogation of signifying structures to
the signification of pictorial images. The novel offers a deliberate challenge to comics
theorists such as Scott McCloud and Will Eisner who have made claims to the
universality and culturally transcendent meanings of pictorial images. This thesis argues
Karasik and Mazzucchelli establish the ambiguity of signification and the concept of
deferral and difference in pictorial images thus employing the conventions of comics to
collapse the signifying conventions of the comics genre and with it the collapse of comics
pictorial-based language.
Paul Auster's City of Glass, I would like to suggest, creates an independently
viable text that brings Auster's crisis of meaning full circle by indicating the ambiguity of
signification on multiple levels of representation whether spoken written or drawn.
Borrowing from Linda Hutcheon's Theory of Adaptation, this thesis explores the
relationship of the graphic adaptation to its source text in order to propose that, rather
than merely illustrating Auster's text, Karasik and Mazzucchelli add resonance to
Auster's work, creating a new text that can be interpreted and understood with no prior
knowledge of the source. At the same time, the adaptation lends validity and value to
iv
alternate cultural forms such as graphic novels and adaptations, both of which have been
historically marginalized in English studies.


Squid is the most popular Web caching software in use today, and it works on a variety of platforms including Linux, FreeBSD, and Windows. Squid improves network performance by reducing the amount of bandwidth used when surfing the Web. It makes web pages load faster and can even reduce the load on your web server. By caching and reusing popular web content, Squid allows you to get by with smaller network connections. It also protects the host on your internal network by acting as a firewall and proxying your internal web traffic. You can use Squid to collect statistics about the traffic on your network, prevent users from visiting inappropriate web sites at work or school, ensure that only authorized users can surf the Internet, and enhance your privacy by filtering sensitive information from web requests. Companies, schools, libraries, and organizations that use web-caching proxies can look forward to a multitude of benefits. Written by Duane Wessels, the creator of Squid, Squid: The Definitive Guide will help you configure and tune Squid for your particular situation. Newcomers to Squid will learn how to download, compile, and install code. Seasoned users of Squid will be interested in the later chapters, which tackle advanced topics such as high-performance storage options, rewriting requests, HTTP server acceleration, monitoring, debugging, and troubleshooting Squid. Topics covered include: Compiling and installing Squid Running Squid Using Squid's sophisticated access controls Tuning disk storage for optimal performance Configuring your operating system for HTTP interception Forwarding Requests to other web caches Using redirectors to rewrite user requests Monitoring Squid with the cache manager and SNMP Using Squid to accelerate and protect HTTP servers Managing bandwidth consumption with Delay Pools


We define the hive ring , which has a basis indexed by dominant weights for $GL_n({\Bbb C})$, and structure constants given by counting hives [Knutson-Tao, "The honeycomb model of $GL_n$ tensor products"] (or equivalently honeycombs, or BZ patterns [Berenstein-Zelevinsky, "Involutions on Gel$'$fand-Tsetlin schemes$\dots$ "]). We use the octahedron rule from [Robbins-Rumsey, "Determinants$\dots$"] to prove bijectively that this "ring" is indeed associative. This, and the Pieri rule, give a self-contained proof that the hive ring is isomorphic as a ring-with-basis to the representation ring of $GL_n({\Bbb C})$. In the honeycomb interpretation, the octahedron rule becomes "scattering" of the honeycombs. This recovers some of the "crosses and wrenches" diagrams from Speyer's very recent preprint ["Perfect matchings$\dots$"], whose results we use to give a closed form for the associativity bijection.


Viscous flow around the self-propelled hull is investigated at model scale with RANSE (Reynolds Averaged Navier stokes Equations) solver using realizable k-e turbulence model by coupling the flow around the model hull with the flow generated by the rotating propeller in time domain. The challenges involved in coupling of flow past ship hull with the propeller flow, have been brought out and addressed. The technique used is based on a sliding model method where the numerical tank is divided into two regions which are modeled separately. They are the propeller domain and the tank domain respectively. The latter includes the bulk of the liquid, the hull and the boundary regions of the domain. The grid in the propeller region rotates with the propeller. The grid in the tank remains stationary. The two grids slide past each other at a cylindrical interface. In the tank region the standard conservation equations for mass and momentum are solved. In the sliding mesh model motions of the propeller region is accounted for by a grid motion of the propeller domain, and the flow variables are interpolated across a sliding interface. Comparisons were made between the simulated results and corresponding experimental results for the hull-propeller interaction effects. It is shown that the flow field in the self-propelling condition is well reproduced in the simulation.


. The present article proposes an alternative way to compute the torsional stiffness based on three-dimensional continuum mechanics instead of applying a specific theory of torsion. A thin, representative beam slice is discretized by solid finite elements. Adequate boundary conditions and coupling conditions are integrated into the numerical model to obtain a proper answer on the torsion behaviour, thus on shear center, shear stress and torsional stiffness. This finite element approach only includes general assumptions of beam torsion which are independent of cross-section geometry. These assumptions essentially are: no in-plane deformation, constant torsion and free warping. Thus it is possible to achieve numerical solutions of high accuracy for arbitrary cross-sections. Due to the direct link to three-dimensional continuum mechanics, it is possible to extend the range of torsion analysis to sections which are composed of different materials or even to heterogeneous beams on a high scale of resolution. A brief study follows to validate the implementation and results are compared to analytical solutions.


Over the past decade, online shopping appears to have been a common activity in this technological world where consumers have the ability to engage in all stages of decision making related to products and/or services. However, researchers have contended that the Internet may present a paradoxical situation in today's socio-technological environment for online consumers who have engaged in different online activities. On the one hand, the Internet may help one to improve relationships with inter-groups, create social recognition of an individual, and enhance quality of life. On the other hand, the Internet may also cause one to experience unregulated online consumption behavior, which may create harmful consequences. Virtual communities or online groups are a group of people who share common interests and practices, and these people tend to communicate with each other on a regular basis over the Internet via a common location (e.g., social networking websites). The interaction among virtual communities' members may cause some form of addictive behaviors among the users. Given the scarcity of empirical work related to this phenomenon, the current study attempts to develop and empirically test the conceptual model of E-compulsive buying tendencies within the context of understanding its antecedents (i.e., characteristics of virtual community participants) and consequences (i.e., one's well-being and internet addiction). In addition, the study investigates the moderating effects of psychological factors on the relationships between characteristics of virtual community participants and E-compulsive buying tendencies. Data were collected from a convenience sample of college students attending the University of North Carolina at Greensboro during the spring 2011 semester. The final sample was comprised of 192 college students. Of these, 175 were female and 115 were Caucasian. Approximately 90% were in the traditional student age category of 17 to 25 years old. A series of multiple regressions and simple regressions were performed to test all hypotheses. Results revealed that three characteristics of virtual communities' participants (i.e., normative conformity, online participation level, and perceived internet expertise) are the major drivers of E-compulsive buying tendencies, which in turn positively affected internet addiction. Results further revealed that the interaction between self-regulation and informative conformity is likely to reduce the tendency to be an E-compulsive buyer. Also, the interaction between emotional and mood enhancement and online participation level is likely to enhance the possibility of the participant to be an E-compulsive buyer. Implications for academics and virtual community policy makers are offered. Limitations and future research directions are identified.


It has been proposed that strain-related phenotypic plasticity may be a major confounding factor in attributing hominin fossils to species. The study reported here tested this hypothesis with craniometric data from the great apes and Colobus guereza. We divided the measurements into three groups: measurements of features subject to high masticatory strain, measurements of features subject to low-to-moderate masticatory strain, and measurements of features that do not remodel and therefore are not prone to strain-related phenotypic plasticity. Next, we used the coefficient of variation and ANOVA to investigate whether masticatory strain is a cause of variability. These analyses partially supported the hypothesis. The predicted differences between the high-strain measurements and the other measurements were found in the majority of the species. However, the coefficient of variation values for the low-to-moderate strain and non-phenotypically plastic measurements were indistinguishable. Thereafter, we used discriminant function analysis to compare the ability of the three groups of measurements to assign specimens to species. This analysis did not support the hypothesis. The high-strain measurements were less effective than the other measurements, but the low-to-moderate strain measurements were more effective than the non-phenotypically plastic measurements. In addition, better discrimination was achieved when all the measurements were employed than when just the non-phenotypically plastic measurements were utilised. We conclude from this that strain-related phenotypic plasticity is unlikely to impede hominin alpha taxonomic research.


The conventional view of innovation is that it is something that just takes place idiosyncratically in "Silicon Valley garages" and R&D laboratories. But in fact, innovation in any nation is best understood as being embedded in a national innovation system (NIS). Just as innovation is more than science and technology, an innovation system is more than those elements directly related to the promotion of science and technology. Rather, it also includes all economic, political and other social institutions affecting innovation (e.g., a nation's financial system; organization of private firms; the pre-university educational system; labor markets; culture, regulatory policies and institutions, etc.). Indeed, as Christopher Freeman defined it, a national innovation system is "the network of institutions in the public and private sectors whose activities and interactions initiate, import, modify and diffuse new technologies." This report identifies the broad elements that make up a national innovation system, including a description of the innovation success triangle, which measures the business environment, regulatory environment, and innovation environment of a nation, and is used to predict the success of an innovation system in promoting technological development and economic growth. It then uses this framework to analyze the U.S. national innovation system and assess the strengths and weaknesses of individual components and whether those components are improving, stable or deteriorating relative to our competitors. Unfortunately, in many areas the U.S. national innovation system falls behind our global competitors, hampering our ability to foster the innovation that is imperative for success in the 21st century economy. As nations compete to win the global innovation race, the effectiveness of their national innovation systems will be a key factor in deciding the winners and the losers. Thus, the challenge for the United States going forward is whether it can make the needed changes to its innovation system to keep up with the international innovation leaders and remain a key player in the innovation economy. The future health of our nation will depend on the answer.


Robots generate large amounts of data which need to be stored in a meaningful way such that they can be used and interpreted later. Such data can be written into log files, but these files lack the querying features and scaling capabilities of modern databases - especially when dealing with multi-robot systems, where the trade-off between availability and consistency has to be resolved. However, there is a plethora of existing databases, each with its own set of features, but none designed with robotic use cases in mind. This work presents three main contributions: (a) structures for benchmarking scenarios with a focus on networked multi-robot architectures, (b) an extensible workbench for benchmarking databases for different scenarios that makes use of Docker containers and (c) a comparison of existing databases given a set of multi-robot use cases to showcase the usage of the framework. The comparison gives indications for choosing an appropriate database.


Prosecutors often express mistrust of professional regulators, their rules and their processes. This may have been more understandable twenty years ago, when prosecutors perceived that the organized bar had been captured by defense lawyers seeking to use professional regulation as a means of imposing limits on criminal investigative authority that the law did not otherwise recognize. Although that criticism no longer has much basis in reality, it has persisted in the rhetoric prosecutors employ in advocacy regarding their professional conduct. This article explores prosecutors' public attitude toward professional regulation, beginning with a brief account of their responses two decades ago, then considering three recent examples: the NDAA's opposition to a broad reading of Model Rule 3.8(d)'s disclosure obligation; some prosecutors' opposition to states' adoption of the post-conviction obligations of Model Rules 3.8(g) and (h); and the Queens County, NY, district attorney's opposition to a trial court's consideration of the ethical propriety of his office's post-arrest interrogation practices. The article argues that prosecutors' anti-regulatory rhetoric undermines the culture of prosecutors' offices and is contrary to the public interest in other ways.


The MITRE Corporation is a scientific and technical organization engaged in systems engineering activities, principally in support of the United States Air Force and other government agencies, and primarily in the field of information systems. MITRE is a special kind of engineering organizations. The corporation is a Federal Contract Research Center, a designation covering the handful of independent institutions that perform government sponsored research. It is an independent, nonprofit corporation designed and managed to provide long-term assistance to government agencies in planning, design, procurement, and testing of their information systems.


The paper presents a simulation approach to Li-Ion batteries based on geometrically resolved electrodes. This means that solid particles and the space occupied by electrolyte are not overlapping but are represented by contiguous, arbitrarily shaped volumes. The solidelectrolyte interface is explicitly resolved and thus allows detailed modeling of electrochemical processes that are essential for studying performance of the battery cell. Finite volume method is used to solve the equations governing the mass and thermal energy conservation in solid and electrolyte, as well as the distribution of electric potential. The solution domain is discretized in contiguous control volumes of arbitrary polyhedral shape, with conformal interface between solid and fluid regions. Butler-Volmer equation is used to describe the kinetics of solidelectrolyte interface. For the time being, representative geometries of electrodes are manufactured using CAD-tools, but real geometries obtained using scanning methods will be used in future. One example application is presented and the results are compared to those obtained using a widely accepted one-dimensional method. Publisher: SAE International Dat : Monday, January 2, 2012


Starting with a critique of existing methodologies and histories of the period, this book examines the production of women artists, looking at different areas and aspects of their activities, and particularly contrasting the lives of different generations of women artists. Many of these women's names or their works are not familiar in art histories of the twentieth century.

The book analyses how women artists' presence which was consistently one third of the artists in many major exhibiting groups became less than 10% of the museum purchases and in art historical texts for this period. Comparisons are made between the opportunities presented to women artists and those of their male peers in the light of considerable change and restructuring within the art world in Britain during this period, principally due to the growing influence of modernism in the art market.


In experiments with mice, a team of scientists from the United States, Sweden and Japan has discovered that having a double dose of one protein is sufficient to change the normal balance of cells within the lining of the colon, thereby doubling the risk that a cancer-causing genetic mutation will trigger a tumor there. Roughly 10 percent of people have this double protein dose as well. In the Feb. 24 online version of Science, the researchers reported that mice engineered to have a double dose of insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) develop more so-called precursor cells within the lining of the colon than normal mice. When these mice also carried a colon-cancer-causing genetic mutation, they developed twice as many tumors as those with normal IGF2 levels, the researchers report. "Both clinically and scientifically, this discovery should expand attention in colon cancer research to earlier events, situations present well before tumors appear," says the study's leader, Andrew Feinberg, M.D., M.P.H., professor of medicine and director of the Center for Epigenetics in Common Human Disease at Johns Hopkins. "In the mice with a double dose of IGF2, everything is pretty normal except for the extra precursor cells," says Christine Iacobuzio-Donahue, M.D., assistant professor of pathology and oncology. "But when the genetic mutation is present, too, we found a clear cost for what otherwise appears to be a benign effect of extra IGF2." The team's analysis of colon tissue samples from a dozen or so Johns Hopkins patients with suspected colon cancer suggests that IGF2's effect in people may be similar, the researchers report. A larger study of samples from patients with and without suspected colon cancer is under way, Feinberg notes. In the mice -- as well as in about 30 percent of colon cancer patients and 10 percent of the general population -- the extra IGF2 stems not from a genetic problem, or mutation, but an "epigenetic" problem that improperly turns on the copy of the IGF2 gene that should remain off. Unlike most genes, the copy of IGF2 that should be silent depends only on which parent it came from, a situation called genomic imprinting. For IGF2, the copy inherited from the mother is always supposed to be turned off. In the mice and in some people, however, cells lack the epigenetic "marks" that sit on the DNA and keep the maternally inherited copy turned off. As a result, cells make a double dose of the IGF2 protein and are said to have "loss of imprinting" of IGF2. Although Feinberg and others have already noted an association between loss of imprinting of IGF2 and colon cancer in people, the current experiments were designed to find out whether the loss of imprinting is involved in cancer's development or just in its progression. "Most researchers, including me, expect epigenetic differences to influence progression -- whether a tumor would grow slowly or quickly, or whether it would spread," says Feinberg. "But, in this case, our results show that loss of imprinting of IGF2 contributes to colon cancer's development in the mice. It doesn't cause tumors directly, but it creates an environment that is ripe for cancer to start." Because precursor cells in the colon's lining had been identified as a likely starting point for tumors, Feinberg and his team tossed a cancer-causing genetic mutation into the mix. The IGF2 mice were crossed with mice carrying a mutation in a gene called APC, which had been tied to colon cancer by researchers studying families with excessive growths, or polyps, in the colon. Mice with extra IGF2 and the APC mutation developed twice the number of tumors as mice with the mutation but whose IGF2 levels were normal. The tumors grew at the same rate in both sets of mice, suggesting that more tumors get started in the mice with extra IGF2, notes Feinberg. "In the mice, loss of imprinting of IGF2 roughly doubles the risk that the genetic mutation will cause a tumor," says postdoctoral fellow Atsushi Kaneda, M.D., Ph.D. "Double the risk may not seem like much, but this loss of imprinting is common." The researchers' mice mirror two situations in people because the double dose of IGF2 was accomplished in two ways. One set of mice, obtained from Shirley Tilghman at Princeton, have a double dose of IGF2 because they are missing another gene, H19, whose sequence overlaps the region that usually shuts off one copy of IGF2. As a result, these mice lack H19 and have double IGF2. To isolate the effect of the extra IGF2, Rolf Ohlsson at the Uppsala University, Sweden, developed a set of mice missing only the control region for IGF2; their H19 gene was intact. These mice likely mimic the 30 percent of colon cancer patients and 10 percent or so of the human population who have loss of imprinting of IGF2. Only the Princeton mice have been crossed with the APC mice. Both the Princeton and the Swedish mice have the extra precursor cells in the lining of the colon, suggesting the effect on cancer development would be similar. Co-author Dan Longo, M.D., of the National Institute on Aging, notes that the mice with both double IGF2 and the APC mutation should be a useful animal model to evaluate the impact of colon cancer prevention strategies, including dietary interventions and targeted drugs. The researchers were funded by the National Cancer Institute, the National Institute on Aging, The Uehara Memorial Foundation and the Swedish Cancer Research Foundation. Authors on the paper are Kaneda, Feinberg, Iacobuzio-Donahue, Takashi Sakatani and Sten de Boom Witzel of Johns Hopkins; Mark Carter, Minoru Ko and Dan Longo of the National Institute on Aging; Hideyuki Okano of Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; and Ohlsson of Uppsala University. For more information, contact Joanna Downer; Johns Hopkins Medicine; Office of Corporate Communications; Tel: 410-614-5105; Email: email@example.com


Using an Observing System Simulation Experiment (OSSE), we investigate the impact of JAXA Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite 'IBUKI' (GOSAT) sampling on the estimation of terrestrial biospheric flux with the NASA Carbon Monitoring System Flux (CMS-Flux) estimation and attribution strategy. The simulated observations in the OSSE use the actual column carbon dioxide (XCO2 ) b2.9 retrieval sensitivity and quality control for the year 2010 processed through the Atmospheric CO2 Observations from Space algorithm. CMS-Flux is a variational inversion system that uses the GEOS-Chem forward and adjoint model forced by a suite of observationally constrained fluxes from ocean, land and anthropogenic models. We investigate the impact of GOSAT sampling on flux estimation in two aspects: 1) random error uncertainty reduction and 2) the global and regional bias in posterior flux resulted from the spatiotemporally biased GOSAT sampling. Based on Monte Carlo calculations, we find that global average flux uncertainty reduction ranges from 25% in September to 60% in July. When aggregated to the 11 land regions designated by the phase 3 of the Atmospheric Tracer Transport Model Intercomparison Project, the annual mean uncertainty reduction ranges from 10% over North American boreal to 38% over South American temperate, which is driven by observational coverage and the magnitude of prior flux uncertainty. The uncertainty reduction over the South American tropical region is 30%, even with sparse observation coverage. We show that this reduction results from the large prior flux uncertainty and the impact of non-local observations. Given the assumed prior error statistics, the degree of freedom for signal is ~1132 for 1-yr of the 74 055 GOSAT XCO2 observations, which indicates that GOSAT provides ~1132 independent pieces of information about surface fluxes. We quantify the impact of GOSAT's spatiotemporally sampling on the posterior flux, and find that a 0.7 gigatons of carbon bias in the global annual posterior flux resulted from the seasonally and diurnally biased sampling when using a diagonal prior flux error covariance.


Copyright requires us to distinguish between two different ways of transforming a "work of authorship": "derivative works" and "transformative fair uses." The absence of a clear line results in a tendency to assign all value arising proximately from a work to copyright owners. Many people blame this expansionist tendency on a "propertarian" understanding of copyright, and argue that the solution is to abandon any notion of copyright as property. I agree that current copyright doctrine often gives excessively broad scope to the exclusive rights of copyright owners, but argue that this may be a result of copyright not being "propertarian" enough. Property is an attempt to coordinate resource use through a system of in rem rights whose content can be understood by third parties without reference to the subjective use preferences of others. Traditional property law dealing with the transformation of mundane objects uses objective, socially intelligible tests of identity to determine when an owner's rights in a thing have been extinguished, thus preventing owners from asserting subjective use preferences as a means of extracting value from transformed objects created by others.Far from implying "absolutist" authorial rights, an in rem approach to copyright requires that we place clear boundaries around the identity of the "work of authorship." This means moving away from the notion that disembodied fragments of "protected expression" can be owned separately from the "work of authorship" of which they are a part. I show how this might be done, proposing to define a "work of authorship" in terms of a coherent expressive experience designed by an author. Putative "copies" that are not tailored to facilitate beneficial use of the work as conceived by the author, but rather to communicate second-order information, or to give rise to expressive experiences radically discontinuous from the ones the author designed, therefore fall outside the author's right to exclude altogether. Such a "propertarian" approach could be both clearer and more protective of free speech than current doctrine, because limits on the scope of the author's rights would be defined intrinsically, obviating the need to resort to fair use doctrine with its value-laden weighing of social worth.


Why military commissions? Given the United States's track record of success in trying terrorists in civilian criminal courts, and the availability of courts-martial to try war crimes, why has the United States government, under both the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations alike, insisted on proceeding through untested military commissions instead? In May 2009, President Obama defended military commissions with the following claims: Military commissions have a history in the United States dating back to George Washington and the Revolutionary War. They are an appropriate venue for trying detainees for violations of the laws of war. They allow for the protection of sensitive sources and methods of intelligence-gathering; they allow for the safety and security of participants; and for the presentation of evidence gathered from the battlefield that cannot always be effectively presented in federal courts. Do these justifications warrant the use of military commissions? In this essay, I maintain that they do not. In the end, the impetus behind the military commissions is the hope – in my view, unsupported – that the commissions may permit easier convictions of individuals, and may allow prosecutors to avoid confronting the consequences of the United States' systemic reliance on torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading tactics in its interrogations of detainees. In this respect, the commissions are best understood not as a legitimate forum for trying war crimes, but as an avenue for short-circuiting legal processes that might hold us accountable for our wrongs. The military commissions are a by-product of the "paradigm of prevention," a term coined by then Attorney General John Ashcroft for the post-9/11 emphasis on aggressively preventing future terrorism, rather than responding to crime after the fact. That approach stressed early intervention and aggressive gathering of intelligence about future threats, and therefore led government officials to sweep broadly, presume guilt without substantial evidence, detain innocents, and adopt "enhanced interrogation techniques" to coerce detainees into talking. Those choices, in turn, have greatly complicated and compromised the task of holding terrorists accountable, because such illegal shortcuts on investigatory rules taint any evidence obtained therefrom, and make it inadmissible in a criminal trial. The military commissions reflect an ill-advised effort to avoid paying the price for the "paradigm of prevention." That goal is an illegitimate one, and will in the end leave the commissions – and any convictions obtained in them – fundamentally tainted. Absent a willingness both to reckon candidly with the United States' own past wrongs, and to proceed in the future under fundamentally fair trial procedures, the military commissions are likely to disserve our security interests and undermine our constitutional principles.


With the drive to remove serum and products of animal origin from cell-culture media during manufacture of protein-based biologics, plant hydrolysates have become popular as feeds in fed-batch cell culture to boost productivity. However, plant hydrolysates often contain undefined levels of nutrients, which can result in lot-to-lot variation in fed-batch performance and inefficiency. These are disadvantages when consistent protein yields are required from recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines. To achieve a more controlled process, one approach is to use chemically defined formulations as feeds containing only a carbon source, amino acids, vitamins, and trace elements. As a test of this approach, we compared cell growth and protein production characteristics of CHO cell lines grown in chemically defined media supplemented with either chemically defined nutrient feed supplements or plant hydrolysates alone, or with nutrient feed supplements.


In the State of Lower Austria, rainfall-runoff models it is an acknowledged method used when estimating flood peak discharges for small catchments where there are no direct gauging observations. An important input parameter for these models is the volumetric runoff coefficient, which was estimated by rather simple methods until now (for instance the CN-method of the U.S.G.S), which did not provide very reliable results. The project HYDROBOD intends to provide a solid and homogeneous database of some basic soil hydraulic parameters over the whole state area (over 19.000 km2) and contains a hydrological model for estimation of these runoff coefficients which takes into account some relevant input variables. In a first step (HYDROBOD I), hydraulic soil parameters are calculated by regionalization methods and assembled for the whole area of Lower Austria, using a GIS-database (ESRI ArcGIS 10.2; at a 50 x 50 m grid). They include soil layer depth, storage capacity, saturated vertical conductivity, plus a classification of the soil reaction types referring to storm events. These data are now available for three soil layers, from top soil down to 1 m below surface. In a second step (HYDROBOD II), a vertical onedimensional event model was set up which allows to calculate storm event runoff coefficients on a cell-by-cell basis for any given area in Lower Austria. This model uses the hydraulic soil parameters obtained from HYDROBOD I, plus an estimation of unsaturated vertical pore flux and a soil water storage model with several modules. This model needs the following input parameters: a shape-file with the catchment area, and pairs of rainfall data (duration + rainfall depth). Results of a calculation process are: runoff coefficients (as an average over the catchment area) for each pair of rainfall data, and for different initial wetness scenarios (from "dry" to "saturated"). Validation of the model is promising.


"...Through a study of seven public works programs implemented in Western Cape province, this report examines the benefits and challenges of pursuing community participation, together with the effects of participation on meeting the other objectives of the programs. Although aspects of South Africa's experience are unique to its political economy, the study's findings reveal insights, dilemmas, and possibilities of considerable relevance in the wider context of participatory or "community-driven" development programs, which have increasingly become integral to the development agenda throughout the world.and were not trained...Politics, conflicts of interest, struggles over resources, and processes of consultation and consensus-building are part of the landscape of community-driven development. If participatory development is to remain on South Africa's development agenda, all actors must commit to realizing this objective, including generating sufficient resources, creativity, and patience to see the process through." from Authors' Summary


This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. Please check back later for the full article.

 Herein the term Action Research is addressed by reflecting upon two words, action and research, united within this century to create something quite useful and commonplace. The word research, which has a long and traceable evolution, has been linked to seeking and to action, which is certainly the opposite of inaction. Upon closer examination, it is the action that can be either covert or overt, since thinking can be an action. When used together Action Research presents an opportunity to seek, pursue, and track one's actions to arrive at a target. Yet how a person decides to seek provides context. Regardless of the path taken, Action Research involves certain steps, such as reflection, that are focused, strategic, and seeking within a social context to move forward.

 Action Research is malleable, flexible, and therefore can be many things depending upon how the terms are demarcated. However, herein Action Research is both a strategy and orderly process that supports those who may seek to examine, to change, and/or to improve. Action Research is a commitment and an approach from within that provides a structure that can simplify and guide an inquiry. Action Research (AR) can meet the needs of the individual or a group as it supports self-inquiry and group-inquiry equally, while unfolding in a series of steps and phases. The action step may include either cognitive and/or psycho-motor acts; the reflection step includes efforts to look back and within, whereas the third step, revision, demands that an action researcher plan for their next step. This AR process may include additional steps; however, AR remains cyclical and recursive and at times piecemeal as steps may overlap, accelerate, and challenge the action researcher over time, since theory and practice can be quite disparate.


Pro JSF and HTML5 shows you how to leverage the full potential of JavaServer Faces (JSF) and HTML5. This book is for Java developers who aspire to build sophisticated, enterprise-grade web experiences with HTML5-enabled JSF. Written by JSF experts and verified by established community figures, this book will serve as your primary resource, helping you build or integrate well-designed HTML5-enabled JSF components into your rich internet applications. Pro JSF and HTML5 starts by giving you a firm grounding in the design principles of component-based frameworks and the basics of JSF. It then details recent advancements in JSF 2.2 that make it friendlier, faster, and more productive than ever before. And it covers HTML5-enabled components, integration with Java EE7 standards, 3rd party component libraries, security, and performance. The book concludes with a real-world application that puts everything you learned into practice. In this book you'll learn Foundational JSF topics such as the component life cycle, framework architecture, managed beans and CDI, expression language, conversion and validation, JSF events and view parameters. Leveraging new features in JSF 2.2 such as Faces Flow, Resource Library Contracts, and Ajax file uploading. Developing Advanced HTML5 enabled components in JSF 2.2. Creating JSF 2.2 applications that utilize Java EE 7 technologies (CDI, JPA 2.1 and EJB 3.2) for bean management, transaction management and persistence. Building advanced real-world JSF applications with considerations for security, performance, and usability. If you're a Java developer interested in the world of component-based frameworks, Pro JSF and HTML5 is for you. What you'll learn Foundational JSF topics such as the component life cycle, framework architecture, managed beans and CDI (Context and Dependency Injection), expression language, exception handling, conversion and validation, JSF events (faces events, phase events and system events), and view parameters. Utilizing new features in JSF 2.2 such as Faces Flow, Resource Library Contracts, and Ajax file uploading. Developing Advanced HTML5 enabled components in JSF 2.2. Developing PrimeFaces and RichFaces applications. Developing JSF 2.2 applications that utilize Java EE 7 technologies (CDI, JPA 2.1 and EJB 3.2) in order to facilitate bean management, transaction management and persistence. Unit testing JSF applications. Stateless JSF views. Implementing Security in JSF applications. Tuning the performance of JSF applications. Translating application requirements into a model and then implementing the model using JSF 2.2 and Java EE 7 technologies. Who this book is for This is a tutorial and reference is for both intermediate and experienced Java enterprise and web application developers.


We consider a volume maximization problem arising in gemstone cutting industry. The problem is formulated as a general semi-infinite program (GSIP ) and solved using an interiorpoint method developed by Stein. It is shown, that the convexity assumption needed for the convergence of the algorithm can be satisfied by appropriate modelling. Clustering techniques are used to reduce the number of container constraints, which is necessary to make the subproblems practically tractable. An iterative process consisting of GSIP optimization and adaptive refinement steps is then employed to obtain an optimal solution which is also feasible for the original problem. Some numerical results based on realworld data are also presented.


Abstract. We analyze an extensive record of aerosol smoke plume heights derived from observations over North America for the fire seasons of 2002 and 2004–2007 made by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument on board the NASA Earth Observing System Terra satellite. We characterize the magnitude and variability of smoke plume heights for various biomes, and assess the contribution of local atmospheric and fire conditions to this variability. Plume heights are highly variable, ranging from a few hundred meters up to 5000 m above the terrain at the Terra overpass time (11:00–14:00 local time). The largest plumes are found over the boreal region (median values of ~850 m height, 24 km length and 940 m thickness), whereas the smallest plumes are found over cropland and grassland fires in the contiguous US (median values of ~530 m height, 12 km length and 550–640 m thickness). The analysis of plume heights in combination with assimilated meteorological observations from the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System indicates that a significant fraction (4–12%) of plumes from fires are injected above the boundary layer (BL), consistent with earlier results for Alaska and the Yukon Territories during summer 2004. Most of the plumes located above the BL (>83%) are trapped within stable atmospheric layers. We find a correlation between plume height and the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) fire radiative power (FRP) thermal anomalies associated with each plume. Smoke plumes located in the free troposphere (FT) exhibit larger FRP values (1620–1640 MW) than those remaining within the BL (174–465 MW). Plumes located in the FT without a stable layer reach higher altitudes and are more spread-out vertically than those associated with distinct stable layers (2490 m height and 2790 m thickness versus 1880 m height and 1800 m thickness). The MISR plume climatology exhibits a well-defined seasonal cycle of plume heights in boreal and temperate biomes, with greater heights during June–July. MODIS FRP measurements indicate that larger summertime heights are the result of higher fire intensity, likely due to more severe fire weather during these months. This work demonstrates the significant effect of fire intensity and atmospheric structure on the ultimate rise of fire emissions, and underlines the importance of considering such physical processes in modeling smoke dispersion.


COMIX (configuration of mixing machines) is a system that assists members of the EKATO Sales Department in designing a mixing machine that fulfills the requirements of a customer. It is used to help the engineer design the requested machine and prepare an offer that's to be submitted to the customer. comix integrates more traditional software techniques with explicit knowledge representation and constraint propagation. During the process of routine design, some design decisions have to be made with uncertainty. By including knowledge from process technology and company experience in the mechanical design, a sufficiently high degree of flexibility is achieved that the system can even assist in difficult design situations. The success of the system can be measured by the increase in the quantity and the quality of the submitted offers.


Tough Test Questions? Missed Lectures? Not Enough Time? Fortunately, there's Schaum's. This all-in-one-package includes more than 500 fully solved problems, examples, and practice exercises to sharpen your problem-solving skills. Plus, you will have access to 25 detailed videos featuring math instructors who explain how to solve the most commonly tested problems - it's just like having your own virtual tutor! You'll find everything you need to build confidence, skills, and knowledge for the highest score possible. More than 40 million students have trusted Schaum's to help them succeed in the classroom and on exams. Schaum's is the key to faster learning and higher grades in every subject. Each Outline presents all the essential course information in an easy-to-follow, topic-by-topic format. Helpful tables and illustrations increase your understanding of the subject at hand. This Schaum's Outline gives you: 508 fully solved problems; information on frequency distribution, elementary probability theory, elementary sampling theory, statistical decision theory, and analysis of variance; and concise explanation of all course concepts. Fully compatible with your classroom text, Schaum's highlights all the important facts you need to know. Use Schaum's to shorten your study time - and get your best test scores! Schaum's Outlines - Problem Solved.


American student-athletes (SAs) are at heightened risk for hazardous alcohol consumption compared with their nonathlete peers. However, little is known about this risk or the influence of psychosocial predictors on drinking behavior among Canadian SAs. This study compared rates of alcohol use across Canadian SAs and nonathletes and investigated whether the use of athlete-specific psychosocial predictors can improve the prediction of alcohol use outcomes in SAs. Participants (179 varsity athletes and 366 nonathletes) completed anonymous self-report questionnaires. Results suggest that Canadian athletes are at a heightened risk for experiencing alcohol-related problems compared with nonathletes, with general psychosocial predictors explaining the majority of variance in SA alcohol use. However, and quite notably, athlete-specific positive reinforcement motives predicted SA binge drinking. This research provides some of the first evidence of drinking-related problems among Canadian SAs and supports the potential use of preventative efforts to help SAs develop safe strategies for alcohol use.


The U.S. administrative state has been involved in a decades-long regulatory reform project encompassing both a shift away from what have been characterized as "command-and-control" approaches to regulation and toward approaches that are more market-oriented, managerial, participatory and self-regulatory in their orientation. Through a content analysis of the nearly 1,400 law review articles that comprise the legal critique of regulation between 1980 and 2005, I show that the most salient critiques of regulation concern neither its cost nor its inefficiency, as many have assumed. Instead, they express a deep-seated anxiety about the fundamentally coercive nature of administrative government. In addition, I demonstrate that "voluntary" or "self-regulation" approaches that enlist regulated entities and citizens to perform core governmental functions like standard-setting, monitoring and enforcement emerged from the reform debate with particular prominence. Using both statistical and interpretive inference, I argue that framing regulation as a problem of coercive state power created a logic of governance uniquely suited to self-regulatory solutions that promised non-coercive ways of governing. After presenting my empirical analysis, I situate the coercive state rhetoric of late-twentieth-century regulatory reform in broader historical context, highlighting its continuities and discontinuities with the coercive state rhetoric that has infused debates about expanded federal governance throughout U.S. history: at the founding, during the New Deal, and in the postwar period. I argue that proponents of government regulation must recognize and engage this deep-seated anxiety about state coercion. Before a convincing and durable case can be made for any particular regulatory policy, a case must be made for the state.


In support of the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat)-II mission, this paper studies the bias in surface-elevation measurements caused by undetected thin clouds. The ICESat-II satellite may only have a 1064-nm single-channel lidar onboard. Less sensitive to clouds than the 532-nm channel, the 1064-nm channel tends to miss thin clouds. Previous studies have demonstrated that scattering by cloud particles increases the photon-path length, thus resulting in biases in ice-sheet-elevation measurements from spaceborne lidars. This effect is referred to as atmospheric path delay. This paper complements previous studies in the following ways: First, atmospheric path delay is estimated over the ice sheets based on cloud statistics from the Geoscience Laser Altimeter System onboard ICESat and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard Terra and Aqua. Second, the effect of cloud particle size and shape is studied with the state-of-the-art phase functions developed for MODIS cirrus-cloud microphysical model. Third, the contribution of various orders of scattering events to the path delay is studied, and an analytical model of the first-order scattering contribution is developed. This paper focuses on the path delay as a function of telescope field of view (FOV). The results show that reducing telescope FOV can significantly reduce the expected path delay. As an example, the average path delays for FOV = 167 ¿rad (a 100-m-diameter circle on the surface) caused by thin undetected clouds by the 1064-nm channel over Greenland and East Antarctica are illustrated.


Background: Positive associations between asthma and a range of mental disorders have been increasingly reported
in cross-sectional studies. It is important to determine whether the association between asthma and mental disorders may be
causal. Objectives: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data
collected from the 2007 Australia Mental Health and Wellbeing survey (MHW) to examine
whether preexisting asthma may predict the likelihood of various types of
anxiety disorders and affective disorders. Design, Settings and Subjects: The
2007 MHW survey was a nationally representative
household survey. Its data included 8841 Australian adults aged 18 - 85
yrs. Age at first onset of asthma and mental disorders were used to reveal the
order of occurrence of asthma and mental disorders, and to define time at risk
and asthma exposure. Kaplan-Meier failure function and multivariate Poisson regression
models were employed in analysis. Results: Participants who had a history of
asthma that lasted six months or more were at higher risk of panic disorder,
obsessive compulsive disorder, posttraumatic
stress disorder, bipolar disorder, mania and hypomania. The
association between asthma history and risk of mental disorder subtypes
differed by gender. Conclusion: The findings of this study support the
hypothesis that pre-existing asthma increases the risk of a number of anxiety
disorders and affective disorders. Predisposition
to carbon dioxide hypersensitivity and corticosteroid therapy may
partly explain the observed associations.


Criminal defense systems are in a state of perpetual crisis, routinely described as "scandalous." Public defender offices around the country face crushing caseloads that necessarily compromise the quality of the legal representation they provide. The inadequacy of existing methods for serving the indigent is widely acknowledged, and President Obama has recently taken steps to give the problem a higher priority on the national agenda.Proposals for improvement commonly stress the need for more resources and, somewhat less often, the importance of giving indigent defense providers legal independence from the government that funds them. Yet virtually every suggestion for reform takes for granted the feature of the current American system that is most problematic and least defensible — the fact that the indigent defendant is never permitted to select the attorney who will represent him.The uniform refusal of American jurisdictions to allow freedom of choice in indigent defense creates the conditions for a double disaster. In violation of free-market principles that are honored almost everywhere else, the person who has the most at stake is allowed no say in choosing the professional who will provide him one of the most important services he will ever need. The situation is comparable to what would occur if senior citizens suffering from serious illness could receive treatment under Medicare only if they accepted a particular doctor designated by a government bureaucrat. In fact, the situation of the indigent defendant is far worse, because the government's refusal to honor the defendant's own preferences is compounded by an acute conflict of interest: the official who selects his defense attorney is tied, directly or indirectly, to the same authority that is seeking to convict the defendant.We see this situation as the source of grave problems. As a corrective, we propose a free market for defense services, one that would, so far as possible, function in the same way that the existing market functions for affluent defendants who are able to retain their own counsel. Though we do not doubt the importance of resource levels, we see budgetary vulnerability and implicit conflicts of interest as inherent in any system where the defendant's attorney is chosen for him by the state. We seek to show that at any level of resources, freedom of choice for the indigent defendant can produce gains for both himself and for the public at large. We also discuss in detail how such a system could be implemented and why it can be expected to provide a practical and effective cure for many of the major ills of indigent defense organization.


Learn to write apps for some of today's hottest technologies, including the iPhone and iPad (using iOS), as well as the Mac (using OS X). It starts with Objective-C, the base language on which the native iOS software development kit (SDK) and the OS X are based. Learn Objective-C on the Mac:For OS X and iOS, Second Edition updates a best selling book andis an extensive, newly updated guide to Objective-C. Objective-C is a powerful, object-oriented extension of C, making this update the perfect follow-up to Dave Marks bestselling Learn C on the Mac. Whether youre an experienced C programmer or youre coming from a different language such as C++ or Java, leading Mac experts Scott Knaster and Waqar Malik show how to harness the power of Objective-C in your apps! A complete course on the basics of Objective-C using Apples newest Xcode tools An introduction to object-oriented programming Comprehensive coverage of new topics like blocks, GCD, ARC, class extensions, as well as inheritance, composition, object initialization, categories, protocols, memory management, and organizing source files An introduction to building user interfaces using what is called the UIKit A primer for non-C programmers to get off the ground even faster What youll learn Learn Objective-C programming, the gateway to programming your iPhone, iPad or Mac Write apps for the iOS and/or OS X interfaces, the cleanest user-interfaces around Understand variables and how to design your own data structures Work with the new Objective-C features now available in this update like blocks, automated reference counting (ARC) and class extensions Work with new tools available like Clang static analyzer and Grand Central Dispatch (GCD) Undertand UIKit and how to build simple user interfaces easily and effectively Explore using the latest Xcode Who this book is for For anyone wanting to learn to program native apps in iOS and/orOS X, including developers new to the iOS-based iPhone and iPad as well as OS X-based Mac computers. This book is for developers new to Objective-C, but who have some programming experience.


The primary goal of this study was to investigate the mediating role of mind
wandering in the relationship between working memory capacity (WMC) and reading
comprehension as predicted by the executive-attention theory of WMC (e.g., Kane &
Engle, 2003). I used a latent-variable, structural-equation-model approach with three
WMC span tasks, seven reading comprehension tasks, and three attention-restraint tasks.
Mind wandering was assessed using experimenter-scheduled thought probes during four
different tasks. The results support the executive-attention theory of WMC. Mind
wandering is a significant mediator in the relationship between WMC and reading
comprehension, suggesting that the relationship is driven, in part, by attention control
over intruding thoughts. I discuss implications for theories of WMC, attention control,
and reading comprehension.