The United States has a strong tradition of state regulation that stretches back to the Commonwealth ideal of Revolutionary times and grew steadily throughout the nineteenth century. But regulation also had more than its share of critics. A core principle of Jacksonian democracy was that too much regulation was for the benefit of special interests, mainly wealthier and propertied classes. The ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment after the Civil War provided the lever that laissez faire legal writers used to make a more coherent Constitutional case against increasing regulation. How much they actually succeeded has always been subject to dispute. Only a small portion of regulations were actually struck down by the courts on substantive due process grounds. But looking at sheer numbers hardly tells the story. The provisions that were struck down went to the heart of emerging class conflicts, particularly capitalist-employee relationships, including laws that established minimum wages or regulated working conditions. In general, if the courts saw a regulation as legitimately addressing a subject of "health, safety or morals" they let it stand. However, if they viewed it as an attempt to alter the balance between social classes, they were much more likely to strike it down. The ideology of regulation's critics shifted 180 degrees over the course of the nineteenth century. In the 1820s and 1830s the principal beneficiaries of regulation were thought to be the established classes who stood to gain from regulation that protected their investment. The loose affiliation of diverse outsiders that constituted Jacksonian democracy largely saw freedom from economic regulation as a device for opening up markets. By contrast, regulation of health, safety and morals remained relatively uncontroversial. Increasingly after the Gilded Age the rhetoric of regulation began to point at American business as the culprit in need of regulation, and laborers and to a lesser extent consumers as its beneficiaries. As a result the task of defending greater regulation fell to the Progressive coalition, while the more propertied classes tended to oppose it. Once again, however, Progressives as a group remained quite willing and even enthusiastic to regulate health, safety, and morals. The great legal treatise writers of the Gilded Age – Thomas M. Cooley, John Dillon, and Christopher Tiedeman – perpetuated these views. While they favored severe restrictions on government control of the economy generally, they consistently made exceptions for economic regulations that legitimately supported the state's oversight of health, safety and morals. For example, they approved of decisions that permitted distilleries that were lawful when erected to be shut down without compensation, the regulation to oblivion of lotteries that were lawful when created, or laws that reduced the hours of labor by forcing businesses to close on Sunday even as the courts were striking down more general ten hours laws. In their famous "Brandeis Brief" in Muller v. Oregon (1908), which upheld a ten-hour law for women, Louis Brandeis and Josephine Goldmark were able to take advantage of this bifurcation by organizing their brief's concerns around the classical exceptions for health, safety and morals.


Preface vii Contributors xi 1 Dynamics of Guest Binding to Supramolecular Assemblies 1 Cornelia Bohne 2 Templating Photoreactions in Solution 53 Dario M. Bassani 3 Complexation of Fluorescent Dyes by Macrocyclic Hosts 87 Roy N. Dsouza, Uwe Pischel, and Werner M. Nau 4 Supramolecular Photochirogenesis 115 Cheng Yang and Yoshihisa Inoue 5 Real-Time Crystallography of Photoinduced Processes in Supramolecular Framework Solids 155 Philip Coppens and Shao-Liang Zheng 6 Bimolecular Photoreactions in the Crystalline State 175 Arunkumar Natarajan and Balakrishna R. Bhogala 7 Structural Aspects and Templation of Photochemistry in Solid-State Supramolecular Systems 229 Menahem Kaftory 8 Photochromism of Multicomponent Diarylethene Crystals 267 Masakazu Morimoto and Masahiro Irie 9 Manipulation of Energy Transfer Processes Within the Channels of L-Zeolite 285 Gion Calzaferri and Andre Devaux 10 Controlling Photoreactions Through Noncovalent Interactions Within Zeolite Nanocages 389 V. Ramamurthy and Jayaraman Sivaguru 11 Photochemical and Photophysical Studies of and in Bulk Polymers 443 Shibu Abraham and Richard G. Weiss 12 Delocalization and Migration of Excitation Energy and Charge in Supramolecular Systems 517 Mamoru Fujitsuka and Tetsuro Majima 13 Supramolecular Effects on Mechanisms of Photoisomerization: Hula Twist, Bicycle Pedal, and One-Bond-Flip 547 Robert S.H. Liu, Lan-Ying Yang, Yao-Peng Zhao, Akira Kawanabe, and Hideki Kandori 14 Protein-Controlled Ultrafast Photoisomerization in Rhodopsin and Bacteriorhodopsin 571 Hideki Kandori Index 597


Population expansion and water shortfalls have placed the Texas Lower Rio Grande Valley (Valley) center stage in water publicity. The unique characteristics and lack of public knowledge on how irrigation districts divert and convey water from the Rio Grande to municipal, industrial, and agriculture consumers have precipitated questions regarding the operations and makeup of these districts. Differences between and similarities across irrigation districts can be partially attributed to the topography, water-delivery infrastructure system, past financial decisions, and each irrigation district's population demographics and clientele base. The Brownsville Irrigation District (BID), with its unusual use of a natural resaca system and advanced technology directing flow-control mechanisms, is one of the 29 distinct irrigation districts in the Valley. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of BID that includes a brief historical background, a description of the District, and discussion of the District's current operations. Specific information in the report details not only the use of technology within the District, but also how the District diverts and delivers its allocated water from the Rio Grande, how it is used (i.e., municipal, industry, and agriculture), and mechanisms for allocation within and outside the District. The uniqueness of the Lower Rio Grande Valley irrigation districts requires an understanding of their origins and operating mannerisms in order to explain their overall institutional effects. Through unlocking some of the conundrum associated with these individual irrigation districts, policymakers and other interested stakeholders should have a better perception of the culture and evolution that surround these unique districts, thereby facilitating improved policy-making decisions affecting the region's water supply and usage.


Objective To determine the types of adverse events associated with the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) that come to the attention of Australian paediatricians. Design Monthly active surveillance study of CAM-associated adverse events as reported to the Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit between January 2001 and December 2003. Results There were 39 reports of adverse events associated with CAM use, including four reported deaths. Reports highlighted several areas of concern, including the risks associated with failure to use conventional medicine, the risks related to medication changes made by CAM practitioners and the significant dangers of dietary restriction. The reported deaths were associated with a failure to use conventional medicine in favour of a CAM therapy. Conclusion CAM use has the potential to cause significant morbidity and fatal adverse outcomes. The diversity of CAM therapies and their associated adverse events demonstrate the difficulty addressing this area and the importance of establishing mechanisms by which adverse effects may be reported or monitored.


A rapidly growing literature promises that a massive program of government mandates, subsidies, and forced technological interventions will reward the nation with an economy brimming with green jobs. Not only will these jobs improve the environment, but they will be high paying, interesting, and provide collective rights. This literature is built on mythologies about economics, forecasting, and technology. Myth: Everyone understands what a green job is. Reality: No standard definition of a green job exists. Myth: Creating green jobs will boost productive employment. Reality: Green jobs estimates include huge numbers of clerical, bureaucratic, and administrative positions that do not produce goods and services for consumption. Myth: Green jobs forecasts are reliable. Reality: The green jobs studies made estimates using poor economic models based on dubious assumptions. Myth: Green jobs promote employment growth. Reality: By promoting more jobs instead of more productivity, the green jobs described in the literature encourage low-paying jobs in less desirable conditions. Economic growth cannot be ordered by Congress or by the United Nations. Government interference - such as restricting successful technologies in favor of speculative technologies favored by special interests - will generate stagnation. Myth: The world economy can be remade by reducing trade and relying on local production and reduced consumption without dramatically decreasing our standard of living. Reality: History shows that nations cannot produce everything their citizens need or desire. People and firms have talents that allow specialization that make goods and services ever more efficient and lower-cost, thereby enriching society. Myth: Government mandates are a substitute for free markets. Reality: Companies react more swiftly and efficiently to the demands of their customers and markets, than to cumbersome government mandates. Myth: Imposing technological progress by regulation is desirable. Reality: Some technologies preferred by the green jobs studies are not capable of efficiently reaching the scale necessary to meet today's demands and could be counterproductive to environmental quality. In this Article, we survey the green jobs literature, analyze its assumptions, and show how the special interest groups promoting the idea of green jobs have embedded dubious assumptions and techniques within their analyses. Before undertaking efforts to restructure and possibly impoverish our society, careful analysis and informed public debate about these assumptions and prescriptions are necessary.


Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink, here called the papaya mealybug, was first detected in the United States in Hollywood, Florida in 1998. By the end of 1998 it was found in four localities in the state and has since spread to nine localities in five counties. This mealybug appears to have moved through the Caribbean area since its 1994 detection in the Dominican Republic. The pest is reported to cause serious damage to tropical fruit, especially papaya, and has been detected most frequently, in Florida, on hibiscus. It is now known from Antigua, Belize, the British Virgin Islands, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Nevis, Puerto Rico, St. Barthelemy, St. Kitts, St. Martin, and the US Virgin Islands. Hosts include: Acacia sp.(Luguminosae), Acalypha sp.(Euphorbiaceae), Ambrosia cumanensis (Compositae), Annona squamosa (Annonaceae), Carica papaya (Caricaceae), Guazuma ulmifolia (Sterculiaccea), Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Euphorbiaceae), Hibiscus sp. (Euphorbiaceae), Ipomoea sp. (Convolvulaceae), Manihot chloristica (Euphorbiaceae), Manihot eseulenta (Euphorbiaceae), Mimosa pigra (Lugiminosae), Parthenium hysterophorus (Compositae), Persea americana (Lauraceae), Plumeria sp. (Apocynaceae), Sida sp. (Malvaceae), Solanum melongena (Solanaceae). The species is believed to be native to Mexico and/or Central America.


Injury severity of e.g. pedestrians or bikers after crashes with cars that are reversing is almost unknown. However, crash victims of these injuries can frequently be seen in emergency departments and account for a large amount of patients every year. The objective of this study is to analyze injury severity of patients that were crashed into by reversing cars. The Hannover Medical School local accident research unit prospectively documented 43,000 road traffic accidents including 234 crashes involving reversing cars. Injury severity including the abbreviated injury scale (AIS) and the maximum abbreviated injury scale (MAIS) was analyzed as well as the location of the accident. As a result 234 accidents were included into this study. Pedestrians were injured in 141 crashes followed by 70 accidents involving bikers. The mean age of all crash victims was 57 ± 23 years. Most injuries took place on straight stretches (n = 81) as well as parking areas (n = 59), entries (n = 36) or crossroads (n = 24). The AIS of the lower extremities was highest followed by the upper extremities. The AIS of the neck was lowest. The mean MAIS was 1.3 ± 0.6. The paper concludes that the lower extremities show the highest risk to become injured during accidents with reversing cars. However, the risk of severe injuries is likely low. (A)


Abstract Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are nanomaterials obtained by nanotechnology and due to their antimicrobial properties have a major importance in the control of various species of bacteria, fungi and viruses, with applications in medicine, cosmetics or food industry. The goal of the paper was to present the results of the research carried out on rapid extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles mediated by culture filtrate of lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus sp. strain LCM5 and to assess the antimicrobial activity. Analysis of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs evidenced that the size of AgNPs synthesized using culture filtrates of lactic acid bacteria strain LCM5 ranged between 3 and 35 nm diameter, with an average particle size of 13.84±4.56 nm. AgNPs presented a good dispersion, approximately spherical shape, with parallel stripes certifying crystal structure. Frequency distribution revealed that preponderant dimensions of biosynthesized AgNPs were below 20 nm (94%). Antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was variable depending on both species and group of test microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) involved. Diameter of growth inhibition zone of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceus caused by silver nanoparticles synthesized by lactic acid bacteria strain LCM5 were similar (12.39 ± 0.61mm and 12.86 ± 0.78 mm) but significant stronger inhibition was registered against Penicillium expansum (15.87 ± 1.01mm). The effectiveness of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was more pronounced against Gram-negative bacteria Chromobacterium violaceum with larger zone of inhibition (18 ± 0.69 mm diameter) when compared to those from fungi. Results recommend the silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using culture filtrate of the lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus sp. strain LCM5 for biotechnological purposes, as promising antimicrobial agents.


The purpose of this research was to measure perceptions of emotionally intelligent leadership behaviors of nurse administrators. Goleman defines EI as how leaders manage themselves and their relationships and it is a key attribute of exceptional leaders (Goleman, Boyatzis, & McKee, 2002). Morrison (2008) concluded that it is necessary for nurse leaders to develop EI competencies in order to decrease stress in the workplace and enhance teamwork. In a qualitative study, Vesterinen and colleagues found that resonant leadership styles, those with strong EI components, had a positive impact on nurse manager job satisfaction, professional development, and retention (Vesterinen, Isola, & Paasivaara, 2009).
This study was a non-experimental, quantitative, descriptive survey using a convenience sample of nurse administrators. Upper level nurse administrators at a tertiary care hospital were requested to complete the Emotional and Social Competency Inventory, ESCI 360o. The ESCI 360o was administered with permission of The Hay Group, http://www.haygroup.com/leadershipandtalentondemand/index.aspx. Reliability analysis of the ESCI 360o with large samples has shown very high internal consistency. The tool is supported by robust reliability and validity evidence from research in a variety of organizational contexts worldwide (Boyatzis & Goleman, 2007, The Hay Group, 2005). The surveys were provided to participants through Outlook™ e-mail utilizing SurveyMonkey™ links. Completed surveys were graded per instructions from The Hay Group. The anonymous survey results were retrieved from SurveyMonkey and graded according to instructions in 4 groups; self reports, supervisor reports, peer reports, and direct reports. Survey results had no participant identifiers. Results relating to the 12 specific competencies were reported in aggregate among those groups.
None of the participants were provided their individual ESCI reports. The data was aggregate and not associated with individual nurse administrators.
There are 12 specific competencies listed below which are the constructs of the personal and social competencies which reflect emotionally intelligent behavior measured in this study. Self-awareness: Emotional self-awareness. Self-management: Emotional self control, Adaptability, Achievement orientation, Optimism. Social awareness: Organizational awareness, Empathy. Relationship management: Coaching and mentoring, Inspirational leadership, Influence, Conflict management, Teamwork and collaboration.
Though the ESCI 360° provides supervisor report, self report, peer report, and direct report information, the focus of this study was the direct report results. The results provided insight into how direct reports perceive emotionally intelligent (EI) behaviors of nurse administrators at the facility. Previous studies have provided information on manager EI behaviors with direct reports being staff nurses. This study is unique in that rather than staff nurses, the direct reports were nurse managers, nurse educators, performance improvement specialists, program coordinators, and other nurses working in advanced practice roles. The study provided insight related to leadership strengths and leadership development needs for current and future nurse administrators.


The objective of this study was to generate information on the environmental profile of the life cycle of water, including treatment, distribution and collection and disposal (including recycling), in an urban context. As a case study the eThekwini Municipality (with its main city Durban) in South Africa was used. Another aim of the study was to compare the environmental consequences for the provision of normal, virgin potable water vs. recycled water to industry in Durban. Therefore, a series of environmental life cycle assessments (LCAs) were performed and environmental scores were calculated for the processes involved in the treatment, recycling and disposal of water and wastewater. In order to enable the addition of these scores the same approach was adopted and the same methodology was used and a final environmental profile was produced. This study shows that a system approach as well as a process approach is needed for the integral assessment of the environmental performance in the provision of water and wastewater services. From the LCAs of individual processes involved in the provision of water and wastewater in the eThekwini Municipality, it emerged that the process with the highest contribution is the activated sludge process - used in the treatment of wastewater. However, when considering the entire system and including the losses in the distribution network for potable water, the process with the highest contribution became the distribution itself. An improvement analysis was performed and is presented. It takes into account a series of possible interventions and their consequences. Most notably, one conclusion of this study is that recycling as currently undertaken in Durban, has positive environmental impacts.


The bestselling bible for social media is now completely revised and updated! The Social Media Bible, Second Edition (www.TSMB2.com) is the most comprehensive resource that transforms the way corporate, small business, and non-profit companies use social media to reach their desired audiences with power messages and efficiency. In this Second Edition, each of the three parts - Tactics, Tools, and Strategies - have been updated to reflect the most current social media trends. Covers all major new software applications, including features and benefits, in detail Lists more than 120 companies integral to the social media industry with updated data, products, services, and links Includes advanced topics like measuring social media return on investment (ROI) and how to develop and implement the Five Steps to Social Media Success strategy plan Includes dozens of social media ROI case studies Author is a widely acknowledged social media authority with numerous media appearances and speaking engagements The Social Media Bible, Second Edition gives you a fully up-to-date toolbox to revamp your marketing strategy and create new opportunities for growth.


Dr. Ralph J. Bunche was a remarkable American whose legacy is becoming all too distant to our collective memory. During the mid-20th century, he had an illustrious career working to better the conditions of life for the oppressed in America and throughout the world. He was a distinguished scholar, activist and statesman, evidenced by a list of highlights of his achievements. In 1949, he received the Spingarn Medal presented by the NAACP, an award given annually to an African-American for noble achievement. Credited with many accomplishments in diplomacy and political science, he reached a pinnacle in his career in 1950 when he won the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating the armistice between Israel and four separate Arab nations: Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria. In the 1960s, Dr. Bunche received the Medal of Freedom from President Lyndon Baines Johnson, participated in Dr. Martin Luther King's protest march on Washington, and marched alongside Dr. Martin Luther King in Selma, Alabama. Dr. Bunche dedicated his life and career to the achievement of the noble goals he believed in: a "peaceful and just world," and a "fully democratic America."Though his career was marked with internationally recognized achievements, Dr. Bunche was an unpretentious man who did not seek accolades or desire to be cast into the limelight. His close friend, Sir Brian Urquhart, recalled that when Dr. Bunche was told he was to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, he wrote to the committee explaining that he would not be able to accept the award. In Bunche's view, he did not work in the United Nations Secretariat to win personal honors, and he only accepted the award after he was convinced it would be beneficial to the United Nations. He sought recognition, not for himself, but for the injustice that exists in the world. Although Dr. Bunche did not seek praise, he is a man deserving of it. The accomplishments of Dr. Bunche's life and career as a scholar, activist and statesman are the result of a fluid integration throughout his life of intellectual development and practical determination. His triumphs in these various areas cannot be divided on a timeline into categorical periods of allegiance. He saw each as intertwined, and remained dedicated to each throughout his life. This essay highlights the major achievements in his remarkable career by focusing on three major categories, solely as an organizational tool for the reader: academics, international statesmanship, and racial equality activism.


Department Website: http://humdev.uchicago.edu Program of Study The program in Comparative Human Development (CHDV) focuses on the study of persons over the course of life; on the social, cultural, biological, and psychological processes that jointly influence development; and on growth over time in different social and cultural settings. The study of human development also offers a unique lens through which we consider broad questions of the social sciences, like the processes and impacts of social change, and the interactions of biology and culture. Faculty members in Comparative Human Development with diverse backgrounds in anthropology, biology, psychology, and sociology conduct research on topics that include (but are not limited to): the social and phenomenological experience of mental illness; comparative education; the impact of socioeconomic context on growth and development; the influence of social interaction on biological functioning; the tensions inherent in living in multicultural societies; the experience and development of psychotherapists in Western and non-Western countries; and the ways in which youth in developing countries are forging new conceptions of adulthood. Given this interdisciplinary scope, the program in Comparative Human Development provides an excellent preparation for students interested in advanced postgraduate study at the frontiers of several social science disciplines, or in careers and professions that require a broad and integrated understanding of human experience and behavior—e.g., mental health, education, social work, health care, or human resource and organizational work in community or corporate settings.


In this essay I argue that the suppression and discouragement of teaching and discussion relating to the Israel-Palestine conflict can and should be countered by a pedagogy rooted in the most robust traditions of academic freedom and inspired by the most challenging practices and products of artistic freedom. Freedom of inquiry, imagination, and exchange are essential to the analysis of current realities and the capacity to envisage them otherwise.  This is especially true in the current chilly climate where the asymmetries of power, resources, and communicative clout are most pronounced--or, to put it more colloquially, in situations where the playing field is least level and where academic and artistic freedom are most needed and most at risk.  Such asymmetrical power relations are especially evident (as well as subtly coded) in the playing out and playing off of the Israel-Palestine conflict in the United States and Canada, thanks to the intimidation, amnesia, and gross simplifications that have strengthened their hold on public discourse in both countries since 9/11 2001. The unconditional support extended to Israel by the George W. Bush administration as a key part of the so-called "war on terror" has been eagerly imitated by Stephen Harper's government and disappointingly reinforced in November 2010 in the so-called Ottawa Protocol on Combating Anti-Semitism (O'Malley, 2010).


Link, Kelly, and Gavin J. Grant, eds. Steampunk! An Anthology of Fantastically Rich and Strange Stories . Somerville: Candlewick Press, 2011. Print. It's interesting to consider the steampunk trend in contrast with the steampunk genre. If one defines steampunk strictly as a trend then it would be easy to assume that it has reached and surpassed its pinnacle as a popular trend (and certainly a hipster one) after having reached a plateau of modest public awareness. All the gears, brass and buckles associated with its afficionados have been lightly mocked and the world has moved on. It might be easy to forget that, as a literary genre, steampunk has a genuine durability. Steampunk been around sparking writers' and artists' creative imaginations for some time and it seems probable that it will continue to do so as the more cliched charms of the trend's most recent manifestations fade. The diversity and quality of the stories included in Steampunk! are an indication of the rich and entertaining possibilities inherent in the genre. The stories range in subject from post-feminist-western-train-heist-with-time-travel ( Last Ride of the Glory Girls, by Libba Bray) to Edwardian-romance-with-robots ( Everything Amiable and Obliging, by Holly Black) and mechanical-Dickensian-doppelgangers ( Clockwork Fagin, by Cory Doctorow). All these stories are mischievous and riveting action-packed fun. Co-editor, Kelly Link ( The Summer People ) and M.T. Anderson's ( The Oracle Engine ) contributions - utterly different from the previously mentioned stories and from each other - adeptly employ calculated pacing and succeed in being subtly sinister and thought-provoking. There are even two compelling, and again, completely different, graphic novels thrown into the mix ( Seven Days Beset by Demons, by Shawn Cheng and Finishing School , by Kathleen Jennings). Steampunk is a genre infatuated with the novelty of conflating ideas and aesthetics from different periods of history, curiosity about technology and a precocious desire to upend conventional narrative and characterization. Steampunk! An Anthology of Fantastically Rich and Strange Stories benefits from the astute and mindful curation by its editors, avoids seeming over-thought and stilted, and succeeds in illustrating how steampunk as a genre is very amendable to imaginative and (mildly) transgressive literature for young adults. I'm at great pains to avoid the word "mash-up" but that is a bit of what steampunk is; a unconstrained, tart and pulpy mash of genres. Steampunk! is an exuberant and convincing sampling and a reminder not to dismiss the genre along with the fashion aviator's goggles. Highly Recommended:  4 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Matilda Roche Matilda spends her days lavishing attention on the University of Alberta's metadata but children's illustrated books, literature for young adults and graphic novels also make her heart sing. Her reviews benefit from the critical influence of a four year old daughter and a one year old son – both geniuses. Matilda's super power is the ability to read comic books aloud.


Licensing agreement is one of the mechanisms to secure the interest of database producers. A breach of any contractual term in the agreement will entitle a database producer to a contractual remedy. As regards to contractual protection, there are two important issues to be addressed. First, the clauses in the licensing agreement, and secondly, the issue of enforceability of certain database agreement, such as shrink wrap or click wrap license. The second issue must be resolved before a database producer is able to implement the terms and conditions provided in the database licensing agreement. This is because it determines the validity of the contract. With a valid contract, the contractual terms may be used to protect the interest of the database producers. The unconscionability of the terms in the database licensing seems to be a major issue. This issue arises due to the fact that the contractual terms are not read by licensee upon the conclusion of agreement and the inequality of bargaining power exists. Asymmetrical or unfair terms will cause unfairness to database users who will be prevented through the principle of undue influence or the common law doctrine of unconscionability. Although no clear statutory provision has provided a solution to the problem, there are two ways of dealing with it. First, the database producer must ensure that he does not use his dominant position to exercise unconscionable dealings. Secondly, it is advisable to incorporate a term providing that the buyer or user has the opportunity to reject the contract if he disagrees with the terms. To ensure the interest of the database producers the agreement should provide notice as to the database's terms of usage. This may form the basis of a breach of contract in the event that the stipulated terms are violated. A good contractual agreement is an agreement which protects the interest of both parties; i.e., the database producers and the users. To achieve that, both parties should come to a mutual agreement on the terms in the contract. The license should incorporate necessary provisions such as restrictions on use to protect the legitimate interest of the database producer. However licensees should also be given sufficient freedom to use the database content to meet their legitimate needs and should be prohibited from using the information in ways that would diminish the value of the database producer's investment in the database.


From Alexander von Humboldt to Charles and Anne Lindbergh, these are stories of people of great vision and daring whose achievements continue to inspire us today, brilliantly told by master historian David McCullough. The bestselling author of "Truman" and "John Adams, " David McCullough has written profiles of exceptional men and women past and present who have not only shaped the course of history or changed how we see the world but whose stories express much that is timeless about the human condition. Here are Alexander von Humboldt, whose epic explorations of South America surpassed the Lewis and Clark expedition; Harriet Beecher Stowe, the little woman who made the big war; Frederic Remington; the extraordinary Louis Agassiz of Harvard; Charles and Anne Lindbergh, and their fellow long-distance pilots Antoine de Saint-Exupery and Beryl Markham; Harry Caudill, the Kentucky lawyer who awakened the nation to the tragedy of Appalachia; and David Plowden, a present-day photographer of vanishing America. Different as they are from each other, McCullough s subjects have in common a rare vitality and sense of purpose. These are brave companions: to each other, to David McCullough, and to the reader, for with rare storytelling ability McCullough brings us into the times they knew and their very uncommon lives."


This is the fourth edition of Society at a Glance Asia/Pacific, the OECD's overview of social indicators for the region. The report addresses the growing demand for quantitative evidence on social well-being and its trends across countries in Asia and the Pacific. Chapter 1 introduces this volume and provides readers with a guide to help them interpret OECD social indicators. Chapter 2 focuses on issues around extending coverage and the future of social protection in Asia and the Pacific. Already, there are many workers in Asia and the Pacific whose job does not entitle them to social and health supports. Digitalisation and changes in the nature of work may lead to further job-loss, but also increase economic labour market and economic inequalities between highand low-skilled workers; workers with and without access to social benefits. These rising inequalities will further challenge social policy development in its quest to get support to those who need it most. The chapter includes some country programme examples to illustrate possible policy responses. Chapter 3 to 7 each present five indicators on general context, self-sufficiency, equity, health and social cohesion.


Many hold that ordinary race-thinking in the USA is committed to the 'one-drop rule', that race is ordinarily represented in terms of essences, and that race is ordinarily represented as a biological (phenotype- and/or ancestry-based, non-social) kind. This study investigated the extent to which ordinary race-thinking subscribes to these commitments. It also investigated the relationship between different conceptions of race and racial attitudes. Participants included 449 USA adults who completed an Internet survey. Unlike previous research, conceptions of race were assessed using concrete vignettes. Results indicate widespread rejection of the one-drop rule, as well as the use of a complex combination of ancestral, phenotypic, and social (and, therefore, non-essentialist) criteria for racial classification. No relationship was found between racial attitudes and essentialism, the one-drop rule, or social race-thinking; however, ancestry-based and phenotype-based classification criteria were associated with racial attitudes. These results suggest a complicated relationship between conceptions of race and racial attitudes.


Although 'continually and bitterly ashamed' that the Arabs had risen in revolt against the Turks as a result of fraudulent British promises of self-rule, Lawrence led them in a triumphant campaign which revolutionized the art of war. "Seven Pillars of Wisdom" recreates epic events with extraordinary vividness. In the words of E. M. Forster, 'Round this tent-pole of a military chronicle, T. E. has hung an unexampled fabric of portraits, descriptions, philosophies, emotions, adventures, dreams'. However flawed, Lawrence is one of the twentieth century's most fascinating figures. This is the greatest monument to his character and achievements.


Pileus clouds form where humid, vertically stratified air is mechanically displaced ahead of rising convection. This paper describes convective formation of pileus cloud in the tropopause transition layer (TTL), and explores a possible link to the formation of long-lasting cirrus at cold temperatures. The study examines in detail in-situ measurements from off the coast of Honduras during the July 2002 CRYSTAL-FACE experiment that showed an example of TTL cirrus associated with, and penetrated by, deep convection. The TTL cirrus was enriched with total water compared to its surroundings, but was composed of extremely small ice crystals with effective radii between 2 and 4 μm. Through gravity wave analysis, and intercomparison of measured and simulated cloud microphysics, it is argued that the TTL cirrus originated neither from convectively-forced gravity wave motions nor environmental mixing alone. Rather, it is hypothesized that a combination of these two processes was involved in which, first, a pulse of convection forced pileus cloud to form from TTL air; second, the pileus layer was punctured by the convective pulse and received larger ice crystals through interfacial mixing; third, the addition of this condensate inhibited evaporation of the original pileus ice crystals where a convectively forced gravity wave entered its warm phase; fourth, through successive pulses of convection, a sheet of TTL cirrus formed. While the general incidence and longevity of pileus cloud remains unknown, in-situ measurements, and satellite-based Microwave Limb Sounder retrievals, suggest that much of the tropical TTL is sufficiently humid to be susceptible to its formation. Where these clouds form and persist, there is potential for an irreversible repartition from water vapor to ice at cold temperatures.


The Editor is Pamela S. Chasek, Ph.D. <firstname.lastname@example.com> and the Director of IISD Reporting Services is Langston James "Kimo" Goree VI <firstname.lastname@example.com>. The Sustaining Donors of the Bulletin are the Government of the United States of America (through the Department of State Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs), the Government of Canada (through CIDA), the Swiss Agency for Environment, Forests and Landscape (SAEFL), the United Kingdom (through the Department for International Development DFID), the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Government of Germany (through the German Federal Ministry of Environment BMU, and the German Federal Ministry of Development Cooperation BMZ), and the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. General Support for the Bulletin during 2004 is provided by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), the Government of Australia, Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management, the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Sweden, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Norway, Swan International, the Japanese Ministry of Environment (through the Institute for Global Environmental Strategies IGES) and the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (through the Global Industrial and Social Progress Research Institute GISPRI). Funding for translation of the Earth Negotiations Bulletin in French has been provided by the International Organization of the Francophonie (IOF) and the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The opinions expressed in the Earth Negotiations Bulletin are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of IISD or other donors. Excerpts from the Earth Negotiations Bulletin may be used in non-commercial publications with appropriate academic citation. For information on the Bulletin, including requests to provide reporting services, contact the Director of IISD Reporting Services at <firstname.lastname@example.com>, +1-212-644-0217 or 212 East 47th St. #21F, New York, NY 10017, USA. Earth Negotiations Bulletin


Despite their significance in soil ecosystems and their use for investigations of soil ecosystem functioning and in bioindication elsewhere, springtails (Collembola) have not been well investigated in South Africa. Early recognition of their role in soil systems and sporadic systematic work has essentially characterised knowledge of the southern African fauna for some time. The situation is now changing as a consequence of systematic and ecological work on springtails. To date this research has focused mostly on the Cape Floristic Region and has revealed a much more diverse springtail fauna than previously known (136 identifiable species and an estimated 300 species for the Cape Floristic Region in total), including radiations in genera such as the isotomid Cryptopygus. Quantitative ecological work has shown that alpha diversity can be estimated readily and that the group may be useful for demonstrating land use impacts on soil biodiversity. Moreover, this ecological work has revealed that some disturbed sites, such as those dominated by Galenia africana, may be dominated by invasive springtail species. Investigation of the soil fauna involved in decomposition in Renosterveld and Fynbos has also revealed that biological decomposition has likely been underestimated in these vegetation types, and that the role of fire as the presumed predominant source of nutrient return to the soil may have to be re-examined. Ongoing research on the springtails will provide the information necessary for understanding and conserving soils: one of southern Africa's major natural assets.


This paper analyses shareholders' economic value creation using two major banks; HSBC and Barclays plc of UK within a five-year period (2003-2007). We use both internal and external information such as auditors' annual financial reports, designed control variables, stock market data, etc to analyse business activities and practices of the banks and how they influence shareholders value on the stock market. We applied both the innovative (EVA) and traditional accounting (ROA and ROE) methods to measure their respective performances, regress it against stock market returns and other control values to understand their explanatory power especially to shareholders' economic value. Our empirical results were mix: Though both innovative and traditional accounting methods do explain the variations of the stock returns for both HSBC and Barclays, the information content of EVA per equity is superior to the variations of Barclays' stock market returns whiles return on asset (ROA) provides more explanation power to variations in the stock market returns for HSBC. At the comparative level both banks are creating values but Barclays provides higher average EVA per equity compare to HSBC. However Barclays operates under higher internal volatility which affects it performances measurements including stock market reactions and returns hence HSBC prove to be superior when shareholders measure them on risk-adjusted level.


The Taking Sides Collection on McGraw-Hill Create includes current controversial issues in a debate-style format designed to stimulate student interest and develop critical thinking skills. This Collection contains a multitude of current and classic issues to enhance and customize your course. You can browse the entire Taking Sides Collection on Create, or you can search by topic, author, or keywords. Each Taking Sides issues is thoughtfully framed with "Learning Outcomes, " an "Issue Summary, " an "Introduction, " and an "Exploring the Issue" section featuring "Critical Thinking and Reflection, Is There Common Ground?, " and "Additional Resources" and "Internet References." Go to McGraw-Hill Create at www.mcgrawhillcreate.com, click on the "Collections" tab, and select The Taking Sides Collection to browse the entire Collection. Select individual Taking Sides issues to enhance your course, or access and select the entire Goodfriend: Taking Sides: Clashing Views in Social Psychology, 5/e ExpressBook for an easy, pre-built teaching resource by clicking here. An online Instructor's Resource Guide with testing material is available for each Taking Sides volume. "Using Taking Sides in the Classroom" is also an excellent instructor resource. Visit the Create Central Online Learning Center at www.mhhe.com/createcentral for more details."


The Eurosystem collateral framework ESCF) has played a key role in the ECB monetary policy implementation since 1999. Moreover, the financial and sovereign debt crisis and with it the increased reliance of banks on central bank credit have underlined the importance of central bank collateral frameworks. Broad collateral frameworks have helped prevent large-scale liquidity-driven defaults of financial institutions in all major advanced economies. More recently, they have allowed central banks to provide a large amount of – at times targeted – longer-term credit. Nevertheless, a number of authors have argued that the ESCF is too forthcoming or broad and that it does not afford the central bank sufficient protection. This paper first explains and justifies the logic of collateral frameworks in general and that of the ESCF in particular. It then reviews the main critical comments. It concludes that the ESCF has been effective (i) in providing an adequate level of elasticity for Eurosystem credit, and (ii) in protecting the Eurosystem from financial losses despite the severity of the financial and sovereign debt crisis and the large amounts of longer-term credit provided by the Eurosystem. JEL Classification: E58


Case control: an observational study that begins with patients (cases) who have the health problem, and control participants who do not have the health problem and then looks backward to identify possible causal factors (eg, comparing patients with and without lung cancer for past exposure to tobacco). Cohort: a group of people with a common characteristic or set of characteristics is followed up for a specified period of time to determine the incidence of some outcome; there is no comparison group. Cohort analytic study: at least 2 groups of people (cohorts) are assembled who do not have the condition of interest; one group is exposed to a particular factor or set of factors (a potential causative agent for a particular disease or an intervention) and then all groups are followed up for a specified period of time to compare the incidence of the outcome of interest. Confidence interval (CI): quantifies the uncertainty in measurement; usually reported as 95% CI, which is the range of values within which we can be 95% sure that the true value for the whole population lies. Confounder: a variable that affects the observed relation between 2 other variables (eg, alcohol is related to lung cancer, but does not cause the disease; instead, both alcohol and lung cancer are related to smoking, and it is the smoking that causes lung cancer). Constant comparison: a procedure used in qualitative research wherein newly collected data are compared in an ongoing fashion with data obtained earlier, to refine theoretically relevant categories. Cross-sectional study: an observational study that examines a characteristic (or set of characteristics) and a health outcome in a sample of people at 1 point in time. Data saturation (saturation, redundancy): process of collecting data in a qualitative research study to the point where no new themes are generated. Double blind: occurs in an experimental study in which neither the patient nor the study staff (responsible for patient care and data collection) is aware of the group to which the patient has been assigned. Effectiveness: extent to which an intervention does more good than harm for participants who receive the intervention under usual conditions. It answers the question does it work? Efficacy: extent to which an intervention does more good than harm for participants who receive the intervention under optimal conditions (eg, complete compliance with treatment). It answers the question can it work? Fixed effects model: gives a summary estimate of the magnitude of effect in meta-analysis. It takes into account withinstudy variation but not between-study variation and hence is usually not used if there is significant heterogeneity. Grounded theory: an approach to collecting and analysing qualitative data with the aim of developing theories grounded in real world observations. Heterogeneity: the degree to which the effect estimates of individual studies in a meta-analysis differ significantly. Intention to treat analysis (ITT): all patients are analysed in the groups to which they were randomised, even if they fail to complete the intervention or receive the wrong intervention. Multivariate analysis: analysis involving multiple independent or dependent variables. Number needed to treat (NNT): number of patients who need to be treated in order to prevent 1 additional negative event; calculated as 1/absolute risk reduction (rounded to the next whole number), accompanied by 95% confidence interval. Odds ratio (OR): describes the odds of a patient in the experimental group having an event divided by the odds of a patient in the control group having the event or the odds that a patient was exposed to a given risk factor divided by the odds that a control patient was exposed to the risk factor. Phenomenology: an approach to inquiry that emphasises the complexity of human experience and the need to understand that experience holistically as it is actually lived. Quasi-randomised study: participants are not randomly allocated to groups, but some other form of allocation is used (eg, day of the week, month of birth). Random effects model: gives a summary estimate of the magnitude of effect in meta-analysis. It takes into account both within-study and between-study variance and gives a wider confidence interval to the estimate than a fixed effects model if there is significant between-study variation. Randomised controlled trial (randomised clinical trial, randomised trial) (RCT): study in which individuals are randomly allocated to receive alternative preventive, therapeutic, or diagnostic interventions and then followed up to determine the effect of the interventions (one of the alternatives might be no intervention). Relative risk (RR): risk of adverse effects with a treatment relative to risks for those who do not receive treatment. Relative risk reduction (RRR): the proportional reduction in outcome rates between control and experimental participants; reported as a percentage (%). Sensitivity: a measure of a diagnostic test's ability to correctly detect a disorder when it is present in a sample of people. Specificity: a measure of a diagnostic test's ability to correctly identify the absence of a disorder in a sample of people who do not have the disorder. Stratified randomisation: used in trials to ensure that equal numbers of participants with a particular characteristic (eg age) are allocated to each comparison group. Triangulation: use of multiple methods or perspectives to collect and interpret data about some phenomenon, to converge on an accurate representation of reality.


Normal 0 In the future, a scholar or researcher will want to know that a digital object is trusted - that it is authentic and reliable.  Digital objects can be surrogates, resulting from a digitization process, or they can be objects whose only form is digital.  Much has been accomplished in existing open source digital library platforms to provide capabilities for preserving digital objects including now ubiquitous features such as persistent identifiers, integrity checks, audit trails, and versioning.  However, achieving a level of digital object authenticity will require a multi-dimensional approach involving policies, processes, and continued technological innovation.  This paper proposes steps that the institution can take to insure the availability of authentic digital objects in the future.  In this proposal, authenticity is based on definitions from archival diplomatics and relies on methods from public key cryptography for digitally signing an object with a secure time stamp. Trustworthy processes, re-definition of traditional roles, and the implementation of technologies to support authenticity are all required to meet the needs of digital scholarship.  Implementation and policy issues are discussed with specific attention to transformations required of the archival institution and the professional archivist.


This study focused on the Contributions of Humanitarian agencies among refugees and host communities in Handeni District, Tanzania. A sample of 420 respondents was taken for study using simple random and purposive sampling, while data was analyzed using the SPSS computer package. The findings considered the following as critical for resolution, promotion of dialogue between refugees and the host communities and change of perception and attitude towards refugees considered naturally violent.  This has been reduced through peace campaigns by humanitarian agencies to ensure co-existence between refugees and host community. Issues on resource sharing, capacity building extension workers, ensuring basic services of equality as those available for host authority populations are provided to the refugees, developing a range of options with levels of self-help and related costs and loans relative to sanitation as they explore opportunities brought about by refugees. Keywords: Refugee, humanitarian agencies, host communities, Tanzania


ABSTRACT Uranium from Africa was, and remains, a major source of fuel for atomic weapons and power plants throughout the world. Uranium for the Hiroshima bomb, for example, came from the Belgian Congo. During any given year of the Cold War, between 20 percent and 50 percent of the Western world's uranium came from African places: Congo, Niger, South Africa, Gabon, Madagascar, and Namibia. Today, there is a renewed uranium boom throughout the continent. The author writes on the ambiguities of the nuclear state, and the state of being nuclear, and why the nuclear designation matters. She looks at two countries to uncover different dimensions of nuclearity: Niger, which has long struggled with France over the price of its uranium; and Gabon, where cancer and other illnesses related to four decades of uranium production remain invisible.


Apocalyptic AI, the hope that we might one day upload our minds into machines or cyberspace and live forever, is a surprisingly wide-spread and influential idea, affecting everything from the world view of online gamers to government research funding and philosophical thought. In Apocalyptic AI, Robert Geraci offers the first serious account of this "cyber-theology" and the people who promote it. Drawing on interviews with roboticists and AI researchers and with devotees of the online game Second Life, among others, Geraci illuminates the ideas of such advocates of Apocalyptic AI as Hans Moravec and Ray Kurzweil. He reveals that the rhetoric of Apocalyptic AI is strikingly similar to that of the apocalyptic traditions of Judaism and Christianity. In both systems, the believer is trapped in a dualistic universe and expects a resolution in which he or she will be translated to a transcendent new world and live forever in a glorified new body. Equally important, Geraci shows how this worldview shapes our culture. For instance, Apocalyptic AI has influenced funding agencies such as the National Science Foundation, helping to prioritize robotics and AI research. It has become the ideology of choice for online gamers, such as those involved in Second Life; it has had a profound impact on the study of the mind; and it has inspired scientists and theologians alike to wonder about the super robots of the future. Should we think of robots as persons? What kind of morality would intelligent robots espouse?Apocalyptic AI has become a powerful force in modern culture. In this superb volume, Robert Geraci shines a light on this belief system, revealing what it is and how it is changing society.


Industrial analog circuits are usually designed using numerical simulation tools. To obtain a deeper circuit understanding, symbolic analysis techniques can additionally be applied. Approximation methods which reduce the complexity of symbolic expressions are needed in order to handle industrial-sized problems. This paper will give an overview to the field of symbolic analog circuit analysis. Starting with a motivation, the state-of-the-art simplification algorithms for linear as well as for nonlinear circuits are presented. The basic ideas behind the different techniques are described, whereas the technical details can be found in the cited references. Finally, the application of linear and nonlinear symbolic analysis will be shown on two example circuits.


We identify four stages in the Miocene magmatic activity on Rebun Island, northern Hokkaido, Japan: Stage I (18 Ma), Stage II (13 Ma), Stage III (10 Ma), and Stage IV (<10 Ma). Stages I and II produced small intrusions of dolerite and dacite, respectively. During Stage III, basalt to andesite lavas erupted, while the magmatism of Stage IV formed large intrusions of dolerite, porphyrite, and andesite with dacitic veins. The large variations of major and trace element compositions of Stage III and IV rocks can be explained by considering the fractional crystallization of a basaltic melt; however, the proportion of phases fractionating is different for the two stages. Further, in comparison to Stage IV rocks, Stage III rocks have lower concentrations of incompatible elements and higher Zr/Y ratios with similar Zr/Nb ratios, suggesting higher degree of partial melting of the source material. The initial values of 87Sr/86Sr (SrI) and 143Nd/144Nd (NdI) indicate that the rocks of all stages were derived from a common source material, although Stage IV andesites were apparently formed by assimilation fractional crystallization (AFC) during their intrusion into sedimentary rock.     Most of the rocks have SrI and NdI values similar to those of basaltic rocks derived from the upwelling of depleted asthenospheric mantle during the spreading of the Japan Sea back-arc basin. In addition, incompatible element signatures obtained for Stage I rock are similar to those obtained for the basalts in the Japan Sea back-arc basin. In contrast, Stage II-IV rocks are similar to the basaltic rocks that originated from subduction-related magmatism in northern Hokkaido.


Abstract. Vertical profiles of submicron aerosol from in situ aircraft-based measurements were used to construct aggregate profiles of chemical, microphysical, and optical properties. These vertical profiles were collected over the southeastern United States (SEUS) during the summer of 2013 as part of two separate field studies: the Southeast Nexus (SENEX) study and the Study of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds, and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC4RS). Shallow cumulus convection was observed during many profiles. These conditions enhance vertical transport of trace gases and aerosol and create a cloudy transition layer on top of the sub-cloud mixed layer. The trace gas and aerosol concentrations in the transition layer were modeled as a mixture with contributions from the mixed layer below and the free troposphere above. The amount of vertical mixing, or entrainment of air from the free troposphere, was quantified using the observed mixing ratio of carbon monoxide (CO). Although the median aerosol mass, extinction, and volume decreased with altitude in the transition layer, they were ~10 % larger than expected from vertical mixing alone. This enhancement was likely due to secondary aerosol formation in the transition layer. Although the transition layer enhancements of the particulate sulfate and organic aerosol (OA) were both similar in magnitude, only the enhancement of sulfate was statistically significant. The column integrated extinction, or aerosol optical depth (AOD), was calculated for each individual profile, and the transition layer enhancement of extinction typically contributed less than 10 % to the total AOD. Our measurements and analysis were motivated by two recent studies that have hypothesized an enhanced layer of secondary aerosol aloft to explain the summertime enhancement of AOD (2–3 times greater than winter) over the southeastern United States. The first study attributes the layer aloft to secondary organic aerosol (SOA) while the second study speculates that the layer aloft could be SOA or secondary particulate sulfate. In contrast to these hypotheses, the modest enhancement we observed in the transition layer was not dominated by OA and was not a large fraction of the summertime AOD.


Using novel statistical data, the paper analyzes the geographical distribution of Richard Florida's creative class among 445 European cities. The paper demonstrates that size matters, i.e. cities with a high proportion of creative class tend to get more creative through attraction of still more creative labor. More specifically, the distribution of the European creative class falls into three phases, each approximating a rank-size rule, with different exponents (i.e., inequality). The exponent for the smallest cities is profoundly more negative than for the middle-sized cities, and this tendency is stronger for the creative class than for the general population. Furthermore, the exponent of the largest cities is slightly less negative than the middle-sized cities, and this tendency is also stronger for the creative class. In order to explain this, the paper presents four propositions about how effects of large and small population sizes of cities may be more detrimental to attracting the creative class than attracting the population in general. Below a population size of approximately 70,000 inhabitants, there is a rapid drop of attractiveness to the creative class with decreasing city size. We propose that this may be because below this size, cities begin to drop below minimum efficient market sizes for particular creative services, below minimum labor market sizes for particular creative job types, and below minimum levels of political representation by the creative class. Above a European city population size of approximately 1,2 million inhabitants, the attractiveness of increasing city size for the creative class drops, and we propose that the creative class may respond particularly adversely to urban congestion.


Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding the tissue factor pathway inhibitor, TFPI, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. TFPI mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of TFPI in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal B subtype cancers, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. TFPI may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.


The focus of this paper is to further understand the sociological tradition of language through the analysis of language alternation behaviors among bilingual speakers, namely Korean-Eng lish conversational code-switching. The paper investigates how and in what ways the code-s witches are used as a linguistic resource to accomplish particular social and communicative f unctions as well as how and in what ways cultural-social meanings, such as social hierarchy, are both conditions for and reproduced in code-switches. The goal of this study is to look bey ond the boundaries of a particular communicative event and study the affordances that bring t he particular code-choices to the present moment. The paper also explores, through the analys is of particular micro-events, that within the constraints and prefabrications in which each par ticipant operate, the possibility that people have of re-fabricating and re-synthesizing the preconditions that they are socialized into as they engage in an active and creative process of lan guage practices production.


Architecture is a strange mixture of persistence and flux, an amalgamation of elements -- some that have been around for over 5,000 years and others that were (re)invented yesterday. The fact that these elements change independently of each other, according to different cycles and economies, and for different reasons, turns each building into a complex collage of the archaic and the current, the site-specific and the standard, mechanical smoothness and the spontaneous. Only by looking at the elements under a wide lens can we recognize thecultural preferences, forgotten symbolism, technological advances, mutations triggered by intensifying global exchange, climatic adaptions, political calculations, regulatory requirements, new digital regimes, and, somewhere in the mix -- the ideas of the architect that constitute the practice of architecture today. A collection of these essential elements into 15 books in a package launched at the 2014 Venice Biennale that allows us to look through a microscope at the real fundamentals of our buildings and see again the essential design techniques used by any architect, anywhere, anytime.


Do economists reach a conclusion on household and municipal recycling? I explore the policy judgments of published economists on recycling and find that there is no broad consensus. The mainstream recycling literature is dominated by a guided-market approach; taxes and subsidies are advocated to correct for market failures. There are two less popular but still significant approaches: a minimal government laissez faire approach and a command and control regulatory approach. Laissez faire economists advocate little or no government intervention in recycling and waste management markets. Command and control economists usually advocate mandatory recycling and regulation. The paper concludes with a brief critique of the interventionist policies.


This Article analyzes how federal courts should resolve disputes implicating both federalism and foreign affairs concerns when no textual source of law provides dispositive direction. This challenge, which arises in what Justice Jackson once called the "zone of twilight," occurs with surprising frequency. Most recently, it can be discerned in Justices Kennedy's and Scalia's dueling opinions in Arizona v. United States. Analysis of the Arizona opinions suggests that federal judges tend to resolve such zone of twilight disputes by invoking a default presumption either in favor of state or federal control. Scholarship on the appropriate choice of presumption divides methodologically, yielding what can be usefully labeled formalist and functionalist approaches. Neither is satisfactory as presently formulated. Formalist approaches yield incoherent and unsatisfactory responses. Existing functionalist analyses, while sound in general approach, omit crucial considerations. To remedy the ensuing gap in the literature, this Article develops a second-generation functionalist approach for resolving foreign affairs federalism cases in the zone of twilight. Cataloging both the costs and advantages of centralization, we posit that the appropriate judicial presumption should vary over time. Our central thesis is that, while both the states and the federal government have legitimate regulatory interests, the relative strength of their interests depends on geopolitical conditions. To operationalize that insight, the Article offers a parsimonious doctrinal tool, based on the international relations concept of polarity, to determine when the presumption should switch from favoring the states to favoring the federal government.


Governments around the world are deeply divided about the proper role of industrial policy, with some politicians arguing for hands-off governance and others supporting government intervention to promote "national champions"-- firms that receive government support for both political and economic reasons. In this volume, prominent economists present the pros and cons of government support for national champions. The contributors use the rigor of economic models in their studies, offering a quantitative perspective that complements and extends existing qualitative studies, and focus on issues emerging from the European Union's substantial degree of market integration. Many arguments in favor of champions-promoting policies are made in a dynamic context, so the book first presents chapters that take a dynamic economy view, then presents chapters that examine the political economy of the decision process, and finally, offers "classical" static equilibrium arguments. The richness of the different models provides a deeper understanding of industrial policy than could any model alone. What becomes clear from these different perspectives nevertheless is that it is difficult to make a general case in favor of policies promoting national champions on purely economic grounds and that these policies are best understood in political terms.


We consider the problem of eliminating redundant Boolean features for a given data set, where a feature is redundant if it separates the classes less well than another feature or set of features. Lavrač et al. proposed the algorithm REDUCE that works by pairwise comparison of features, i.e., it eliminates a feature if it is redundant with respect to another feature. Their algorithm operates in an ILP setting and is restricted to two-class problems. In this paper we improve their method and extend it to multiple classes. Central to our approach is the notion of a neighbourhood of examples: a set of examples of the same class where the number of different features between examples is relatively small. Redundant features are eliminated by applying a revised version of the REDUCE method to each pair of neighbourhoods of different class. We analyse the performance of our method on a range of data sets.


A Wall Street Journal and Businessweek bestseller. Named by Fast Company as one of the most influential leadership books in its Leadership Hall of Fame. An innovation classic. From Steve Jobs to Jeff Bezos, Clay Christensens work continues to underpin todays most innovative leaders and organizations. The bestselling classic on disruptive innovation, by renowned author Clayton M. Christensen. His work is cited by the worlds best-known thought leaders, from Steve Jobs to Malcolm Gladwell. In this classic bestsellerone of the most influential business books of all timeinnovation expert Clayton Christensen shows how even the most outstanding companies can do everything rightyet still lose market leadership. Christensen explains why most companies miss out on new waves of innovation. No matter the industry, he says, a successful company with established products will get pushed aside unless managers know how and when to abandon traditional business practices. Offering both successes and failures from leading companies as a guide, The Innovators Dilemma gives you a set of rules for capitalizing on the phenomenon of disruptive innovation. Sharp, cogent, and provocativeand consistently noted as one of the most valuable business ideas of all time The Innovators Dilemma is the book no manager, leader, or entrepreneur should be without.


The aim of this thesis is to investigate the ability of cardiovascular biomarkers calculated from peripheral pulse waveforms to estimate central properties of the cardiovascular system (e.g. aortic stiffness) using nonlinear one-dimensional (1-D) modelling of pulse wave propagation in the arterial network. To test these biomarkers, I have produced novel 1-D models of pulse wave propagation under normal and pathological conditions. In the first part of my thesis, I extended the modelling capabilities of the existing 1-D/0-D code to represent arterial blood flow under diabetes, hypertension, and combined diabetes and hypertension. Cardiac and vascular parameters of the 1-D model were tailored to best match data available in the literature to produce generalised hypertensive, diabetic, and combined diabetic and hypertensive population models. Using these models, I have shown that the pulse waveform at the finger is strongly affected by the aortic flow wave and the muscular artery stiffness and diameter. Furthermore the peak to peak time measured from the pulse waveform at the finger can identify hypertensive from diabetic patients. In the second part, I developed a new methodology for optimising the number of arterial segments in 1-D modelling required to simulate precisely the blood pressure and flow waveforms at an arbitrary arterial location. This is achieved by systematically lumping peripheral 1-D model branches into 0-D models that preserve the net resistance and total compliance of the original model. The methodology is important to simplify the computational domain while maintaining the precision of the numerical predictions – an important step to translate 1-D modelling to the clinic. This thesis provides novel computational tools of blood flow modelling and waveform analysis for the design, development and testing of pulse wave biomarkers. These tools may help bridge the gap between clinical and computational approaches.


**THE NUMBER ONE BESTSELLER** In twenty-one bite-sized lessons, Yuval Noah Harari explores what it means to be human in an age of bewilderment. '21 Lessons is, simply put, a crucial book' Adam Kay How can we protect ourselves from nuclear war, ecological cataclysms and technological disruptions? What can we do about the epidemic of fake news or the threat of terrorism? What should we teach our children? Yuval Noah Harari takes us on a thrilling journey through today's most urgent issues. The golden thread running through his exhilarating new book is the challenge of maintaining our collective and individual focus in the face of constant and disorienting change. Are we still capable of understanding the world we have created? 'Fascinating... compelling... [Harari] has teed up a crucial global conversation about how to take on the problems of the 21st century' Bill Gates, New York Times 'Truly mind-expanding... Ultra-topical' Guardian


Responding to recent scholarship which discounts apparent traces of an alphabetic acrostic in Nahum 1 as purely coincidental, this essay argues that earlier scholarship was right to detect a tendency towards an alphabetic acrostic in Nahum 1. But while previously the disruptions to the alphabetic sequence were considered an imperfection caused by lack of concern on the part of the poet or a later redactor or as the result of copying mistakes in the transmission of the text, I suggest that the tendency towards an acrostic and the irregularities belong to a single purposeful design. This design communicates a message of disrupted order and fits well with the remainder of the book of Nahum.


The idea of climbing a tree for shelter, or just to see the earth from another perspective, is surely as old as humanity. Tree houses are chronicled in ancient civilizations and their lore crosses through the history of every part of the world where trees grow. This stunningly-illustrated study offers a tour of the best tree houses in the world, some designed by architects, others the work of unknown craftsmen. A teahouse, a restaurant, a hotel, a playhouse for children, or a perch from which to contemplate life--the tree house can take as many forms as the imagination can offer. In times of concern for sustainability and ecological responsibility, the tree house may also be the ultimate symbol of life in symbiosis with nature. Whether rustic or contemporary in style, tree houses make the most of space. Climb into this trove of tree houses and enjoy a new perspective on the world. 50 tree houses from around the world Covers all different styles, from romantic to modern Every house is depicted in several photos as well as one illustration by artist Patrick Hruby from Los Angeles (who also created the book's cover artwork) Helpful short biographies of all archite


Modern implantable cardiologic devices communicate via radio frequency techniques and nearby gateways to a backend server on the internet. Those implanted devices, gateways, and servers form an ecosystem of proprietary hardware and protocols that process sensitive medical data and is often vital for patients' health. This paper analyzes the security of this Ecosystem, from technical gateway aspects, via the programmer, to configure the implanted device, up to the processing of personal medical data from large cardiological device producers. Based on a real-world attacker model, we evaluated different devices and found several severe vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we could purchase a fully functional programmer for implantable cardiological devices, allowing us to re-program such devices or even induce electric shocks on untampered implanted devices. Additionally, we sent several Art. 15 and Art. 20 GDPR inquiries to manufacturers of implantable cardiologic devices, revealing non-conforming processes and a lack of awareness about patients' rights and companies' obligations. This, and the fact that many vulnerabilities are still to be found after many vulnerability disclosures in recent years, present a worrying security state of the whole ecosystem.


Human Resource (HR) divisions of multi national companies (MNCs) are under tremendous pressure globally with the challenges and opportunities with the outsourcing business models to maintain competitive position in the marketplace. Attracting the mobile talent with multi dimensional skill set to address effective, efficient and controllable business needs is becoming complex, hence expatriate management and training has gained much attention. Successful Expatriate assignments drive revenue, value and growth to the organization. The expatriation process requires huge amount of effort for analysis, planning, selection and training before the departure of the associate to the host country from the home country. The authors would like to bring the practical approaches that needs to be considered in global business outsourcing model considering 3 dimensions - Associate delight, Customer delight and Investor delight with expatriate benchmarking. The research study also brings the expatriate management strategies in 3 categories - Onsite (foreign location / host country), Offshore (home country) and Near-shore (country close to host country, but with lesser delivery cost). To substantiate the research, the data is collected from several Human resource leaders and managers at various levels - HR Executives, HR Analysts, HR Managers, Senior Managers from IT organizations in different geographies through interviews and web based surveys. Statistical analyses are conducted on the data collected through multiple channels and these analysis reveal that a) the organizations with good global management strategy had larger number of associates with better expatriate experience, steadier focus on leadership, resulted in better financials b) The training is more focused on technology and job related skill set, but often ignored the level of depth in imparting the behavioural and cultural skills. The main contributions of the paper are we have proposed expatriate transformation canonical model for expatriate resource requirements fulfilment requests originating across the globe for IT services organizations. Following the IT services industry, we have followed the benchmarking methodology and used a template to understand the expatriate management practices, in the past and present, as a part of the human resource management function and extrapolated the data for the future expatriate operations by strategically building a manageable operational model by utilizing and tuning the organization culture


Wall Street legend and bestselling author Jim Rogers offers investing insights and economic, political, and social analysis, drawing on lessons and observations from his lifetime in the markets. Jim Rogers, whose entertaining accounts of his travels around the world -- studying the markets from Russia to Singapore from the ground up-- has enthralled readers, investors and Wall Street aficionados for two decades in such books as "Investment Biker," "Adventure Capitalist," "Hot Commodities" and "A Bull In China" . In his engaging memoir "Street Smarts," Rogers offers pithy commentary from a lifetime of adventure, from his early years growing up a naive kid in Demopolis, Alabama, to his fledgling career on Wall Street, to his cofounding the wildly successful Quantum Fund. Rogers always had a restless curiosity to experience and understand the world around him. In "Street Smarts," he takes us through the highlights of his life in the financial markets, from his school days at Yale and Oxford -- where despite the fact that he didn't have enough money to afford the appropriate pair of shoes, he coxed the crew and helped to win the Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race as well as the Thames Cup, the first of his three Guiness World Records -- to his first heady taste of Wall Street in the mid - 1960s, and his years helping to run the most successful hedge fund on Wall Street. As a result of his extraordinary success with the Quantum Fund, Rogers was able to retire at the age of thirty-seven. Since then he has taught classes in finance at Columbia University, hosted television programs, and traveled the world seeing firsthand how revolutions in Chile affect coffee prices in Seattle, and how shortages of copper in Africa affect electricity brownouts in Ohio. In the course of his new book, Rogers offers often surprising observations on how the world works - and what trends he sees in the future. He explains why Asia will be the dominant economic force in the twenty-first century - and how he and his wife and two daughters moved to Singapore to prepare his family for the coming changes.. He discusses why America and the European Union are in decline, and what we need to do to right our economy and society. The age of Wall Street, Rogers claims, when the finance industry drove 25% of America's growth, is over. Tomorrow's economy will be driven by those who make things - food, energy, goods and consumables. Regarded as one of the most astute investors Wall Street has ever known, Jim Rogers once again is at his acerbic and storytelling best.


We employ the effective field theory approach for multi-field inflation which is a generalization of Weinberg's work. In this method the first correction terms in addition to standard terms in the Lagrangian have been considered. These terms contain up to the fourth derivative of the fields including the scalar field and the metric. The results show the possible shapes of the interaction terms resulting eventually in non-Gaussianity in a general formalism. In addition generally the speed of sound is different but almost unity. Since in this method the adiabatic mode is not discriminated initially so we define the adiabatic as well as entropy modes for a specific two-field model. It has been shown that the non-Gaussianity of the adiabatic mode and the entropy mode are correlated in shape and amplitude. It is shown that even for speed close to unity large non-Gaussianities are possible in multi-field case. The amount of the non-Gaussianity depends on the curvature of the classical path in the phase-space in the Hubble unit such that it is large for the large curvature. In addition it is emphasized that the time derivative of adiabatic and entropy perturbations do not transform due to the shift symmetry as well as the original perturbations. Though two specific combinations of them are invariant under such a symmetry and these combinations should be employed to construct an effective field theory of multi-field inflation.


Williams, Ann-Marie. Learn to Speak Dance: A Guide to Creating, Performing & Promoting Your Moves . Toronto: Owlkids Books, 2011. Print. Following on the success of Learn to Speak Music by John Crossingham, dancer and dance teacher Ann-Marie Williams has compiled a second volume in the Learn to Speak series that explores the many and varied aspects of dance. The book begins with an explanation of what dance is and why we do it, then takes the reader through the stages of starting out in dance, setting up your own dance group, developing choreography, performing, and promoting your work. It ends with a brief description of a small sampling of dance styles including belly dance, Bollywood, and Broadway. Scattered throughout are quotes from current professional dancers and dance judges (mainly Canadians!) representing a wide range of styles, as well as recommendations for movies and dance videos to watch that each provide excellent examples of different elements of the dance world. The book is packed full with fun illustrations with simple, rotating colour schemes. Jeff Kulak's drawings are sometimes abstract, sometimes cartoonlike, but unfortunately sometimes display very awkward-looking body positions and odd-looking faces. If readers are expecting a how-to guide about how to dance, they will be disappointed. Books are not the best format for learning how to move anyway. Instead, they will find more of a focus on the business side of things such as how to work well in a group, what happens backstage with lighting and sound, tips on developing a website and putting together a press release. The target age range of 9 to 13 might therefore be a bit young for this type of information. The content might be better suited for those in their upper teens who are setting up dance crews after school and are more likely to want to start organizing their own dance programs. The book aims to make dance accessible, and encourages kids with or without any experience to explore the various facets of dance. It takes a very supportive tone, and includes good suggestions for building confidence and finding your personal style. The author is definitely knowledgeable about dance and has a lot of excellent and informative advice to share. Young readers will likely require adult help, though, if trying to follow many of the recommendations. Recommended: 3 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Trish Chatterley Trish is a Public Services Librarian for the John W. Scott Health Sciences Library at the University of Alberta. In her free time she enjoys dancing, gardening, and reading books of all types.


We applied a modified version of the Miami isopycnic coordinate ocean general circulation model (MICOM) to the ocean cavity beneath the Ross Ice Shelf to investigate the circulation of ocean waters in the sub-ice shelf cavity, along with the melting and freezing regimes at the base of the ice shelf. Model passive tracers are utilized to highlight the pathways of waters entering and exiting the cavity, and output is compared with data taken in the cavity and along the ice shelf front. High Salinity Shelf Water on the western Ross Sea continental shelf flows into the cavity along the sea floor and is transformed into Ice Shelf Water upon contact with the ice shelf base. Ice Shelf Water flows out of the cavity mainly around 180°, but also further east and on the western side of McMurdo Sound, as observed. Active ventilation of the region near the ice shelf front is forced by seasonal variations in the density structure of the water column to the north, driving rapid melting. Circulation in the more isolated interior is weaker, leading to melting at deeper ice and refreezing beneath shallower ice. Net melting over the whole ice shelf base is lower than other estimates, but is likely to increase as additional forcings are added to the model.


Prudentius (Aurelius Prudentius Clemens) was born in 348 CE probably at Caesaraugusta (Saragossa) and lived mostly in northeastern Spain, but visited Rome between 400 and 405. His parents, presumably Christian, had him educated in literature and rhetoric. He became a barrister and at least once later on an administrator; he afterwards received some high honour from Emperor Theodosius. Prudentius was a strong Christian who admired the old pagan literature and art, especially the great Latin poets whose forms he used. He looked on the Roman achievement in history as a preparation for the coming of Christ and the triumph of a spiritual empire. The Loeb Classical Library edition of the poems of Prudentius is in two volumes. Volume I presents: Preface (Praefatio); The Daily Round (Liber Cathemerinon); 12 literary and attractive hymns, parts of which have been included in the Breviary and in modern hymnals; The Divinity of Christ (Apotheosis), which maintains the Trinity and attacks those who denied the distinct personal being of Christ; The Origin of Sin (Hamartigenia) attacking the separation of the 'strict' God of the Old Testament from the 'good' God revealed by Christ; Fight for Mansoul (Psychomachia), which describes the struggle between (Christian) Virtues and (Pagan) Vices; and the first book of Against the Address of Symmachus (Contra Orationem Symmachi), in which pagan gods are assailed. The second volume contains the second book of Against the Address of Symmachus, opposing a petition for the replacement of an altar and statue of Victory; Crowns of Martyrdom (Peristephanon Liber), 14 hymns to martyrs mostly of Spain; Lines To Be Inscribed under Scenes from History (Tituli Historiarum), 49 four-line stanzas which are inscriptions for scenes from the Bible depicted on the walls of a church; and an Epilogue.


The M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), a typical G protein-coupled receptor, expressed in HEK-293 cells stimulates phospholipase D in a pertussis toxin (PTX)-insensitive manner and the PLD response to the M3 mAChR requires ARF and Rho GTPases and the Rho-activated Rho-kinase. However, Rho-kinase did not phosphorylate PLD enzymes directly, suggesting additional components mediate the PLD regulation by Rho/Rho-kinase. In this thesis, first, by transient expression of a-subunits of the PTX-resistant G proteins, Gq, G12 and G13 (wild-type, constitutively active and dominant-negative mutants), evidence is provided that the M3 mAChR specifically couples to PLC via Gaq and to PLD via the G12-type G proteins, Ga12 and Ga13, which are apparently both required for full PLD stimulation. These data were confirmed by expression (transient or by infection with recombinant adenoviruses) of RGS4 or Lsc-RGS, which act as specific GTPase-activating proteins for Gaq- and Ga12-type G proteins, respectively. Second, the expression of catalytically inactive PLD1 reduced specifically PLD stimulation by M3 mAChR, whereas its counterpart of PLD2 inhibited only PLD stimulation by PKC and EGF, suggesting that the G protein-coupled receptors signals primarily to PLD1, whereas the tyrosine kinase receptors signal via PKC to PLD2. Third, expression of wild-type and constitutively active LIM-kinase, a Rho-kinase effector, potentiated PLD stimulation by the M3 mAChR, whereas kinase-deficient LIM-kinase had the opposite effect. Purified recombinant LIM-kinase stimulated PLD activity in cell membranes, similar as but not additive with activated RhoA or Rho-kinase. In addition, PLD stimulation by constitutively active LIM-kinase, but not by wild-type LIM-kinase, was resistant to inactivation of Rho and Rho-kinase, whereas PLD stimulation by constitutively active Rho-kinase was fully abolished by kinase-deficient LIM-kinase. Furthermore, LIM-kinase neither directly interacts with nor phosphorylates PLD enzymes, suggesting that some undefined component is involved in PLD regulation by Rho-kinase/LIM-kinase. We found that expression of wild-type cofilin, an actin depolymerization factor (LIM-kinase substrate) potentiated PLD stimulation by the M3 mAChR, whereas the nonphosphorylatable cofilin mutant, S3A cofilin, reduced the receptor response. And this PLD stimulation by cofilin was suppressed by inactivation of Rho or Rho-kinase. In vitro, cofilin protein, but not its S3A mutant, specifically interacts with PLD1 and strongly increases the activity of PLD1 upon phosphorylation by LIM-kinase. In addition, expression of wild-type cofilin, but not S3A cofilin, specifically redistributed PLD1 to the plasma membrane. Taken together, we demonstrated that stimulation of PLD by G protein-coupled receptors, known to involve ARF and Rho GTPases and the Rho-activated Rho-kinase, is mediated specifically by heterotrimeric G proteins of the G12-subtype (Ga12 and Ga13), the Rho-kinase effector, LIM-kinase, and the LIM-kinase substrate, cofilin, which apparently in its phosphorylated form interacts with and stimulates PLD1 activity.


In this diploma thesis a skeleton-based matching technique for 2D shapes is introduced. First, current approaches for the matching of shapes will be presented. The basics of skeleton-based matchings will be introduced. In the context of this thesis, a skeleton-based matching approach was implemented as presented in the original paper. This implementation is evaluated by performing a similarity search in three shape databases. Strengths and limitations of the approach are pointed out. In addition, the introduced algorithm will be examined with respect to extending it towards matching of 3D objects. In particular, the approach is applied to medical data sets: Pre- and postoperative CT images of the abdominal aorta of one patient will be compared. Problems and approaches for matching of 3D objects in general and blood vessels in particular will be presented.


Summary The European Union has reached a critical juncture in dealing with the fallout from the 2008 financial meltdown that started in the USA and spread to engulf banks and the financial markets of Europe. The ensuing recession or stagnation in many member countries was compounded by austerity programs undertaken by national governments, in some cases as a pre-condition for rescue from potential bankruptcy. Europe's leaders took initiatives to strengthen financial systems but have been unable to secure a significant recovery of the European economy or avert growing divergences between member states in GDP per capita, unemployment rates and external-account balances. This memorandum written by participants of a 3-year research project on Europe and the world's socio-economic future to 2030 (the AUGUR project) discusses possible ways out of prolonged stagnation and low growth. The current trajectory can trigger renewed crises of political-economic sclerosis in Europe and progressively undermine social standards and well-being. Such an outcome would strengthen the forces that aim to dismantle European integration. An overriding priority must be given to rebalancing the distribution of growth between different parts of Europe. Policies in R&D, competition and external trade must be reassessed with these objectives in view. EU finance for social programmes in lower-income countries is needed to support improvements in education, health and other public services that benefit social cohesion thereby securing the foundation for higher productivity and competitiveness.


Satellite domains are becoming a fashionable area of research within the AI community due to the complexity of the problems that satellite domains need to solve. With the current U.S. and European focus on launching satellites for communication, broadcasting, or localization tasks, among others, the automatic control of these machines becomes an important problem. Many new techniques in both the planning and scheduling fields have been applied successfully, but still much work is left to be done for reliable autonomous architectures. The purpose of this article is to present CONSAT, a real application that plans and schedules the performance of nominal operations in four satellites during the course of a year for a commercial Spanish satellite company, HISPASAT. For this task, we have used an AI domain-independent planner that solves the planning and scheduling problems in the HISPASAT domain thanks to its capability of representing and handling continuous variables, coding functions to obtain the operators' variable values, and the use of control rules to prune the search. We also abstract the approach in order to generalize it to other domains that need an integrated approach to planning and scheduling.