Morphine and other analgesics bind to and activate the µ-opioid receptor (MOR). The opioid receptors belong to the Class A subfamily of G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs). These are transmembrane proteins with seven helices arranged to form a closed bundle with loops that extend both extracellularly and intracellularly. Activation of this family of GPCRs has been shown to involve the change of the ?1 dihedral of a
tryptophan residue on TMH6, W6.48, from g+ to trans. The purpose of this project was to design a computational model of the MOR and to dock both morphine an agonist, and naloxone an antagonist, into the model such that their positions were consistent with their pharmacologies.
A MOR model was created using the Beta-2-Adrenergic (s 2-AR) crystal structure as a template with two major modifications. First, the Conformational Memories (CM) program was used to study the conformations of three transmembrane
helices (TMH); TMH2, TMH4 and TMH6. Second, the TMH7/elbow/Hx8 region of the s 2-AR was replaced with that of the adenosine A2A crystal structure because the adenosine A2A receptor has the same number of residues in the elbow region as is found
in the MOR. Energy minimizations were performed on the MOR bundle in a three step process and the ligand binding pocket was identified. Docking studies suggested that naloxone binds in the TMH2-3-6-7 region of the MOR such that the N-allyl group sterically prohibits the movement of the ?1 of W6.48, thereby preventing activation of the receptor. Morphine was also found to bind in the TMH2-3-6-7 region of the MOR; however no portion of the morphine structure could block the movement of the ?1 of W6.48, thereby producing no impediment for activation. These results are consistent with the pharmacology of naloxone (MOR antagonist) and morphine (MOR agonist).
Models created will be used for future mutation studies.


In this paper results were reported of an accidental sampling survey of more than 1600 respondents from eight typical cities representing different developmental levels in China. The main aim of this survey was to measure respondents' assessment of the life satisfaction, which reflected part of the people's quality of life as a whole in China. Generally speaking, the evaluations were quite favorable. Most of the respondents owned high assessments for their life satisfaction as a whole. Life satisfaction had district variance. People from different cities had dissimilar evaluations. But the difference was not caused by developmental levels. The relevant statistical analysis also indicated some individual characteristics (such as income) had influence on residents' satisfaction with QOL, while some others (such as gender, age, education and marriage) had no significant influence. As far as the specific domains were concerned, health, working status and family life were the most important factors.


This class examines the relationship between a number of mind-altering substances and cultural processes. We look at the relationship between drugs and such phenomena as poverty, religion, technology, inter-generational conflict, colonialism, and global capitalism. We read about the physiological and psychological effects of these substances -- ranging from alcohol to LSD, cocaine and ecstasy -- and ask why different societies prohibit and sanction different drugs. We examine the use of mind-altering substances in a number of "traditional" societies, and follow the development of a global trade in such substances as sugar, coffee, tea, nicotine, cocaine, and marijuana concurrent with the evolution of global capitalism. We look at the use of LSD as a mind-control substance by the CIA and as a mind-altering substance in the 1960's counter-culture, and we look at the rise of Prozac® and Viagra® as popular, if controversial, pharmaceutical products in recent years. Finally, we evaluate America's current drug laws.


The emerging war on sex offenders, as typical of wartime mentality, has been marked by substantial deviations from established legal doctrine, constitutional protections, and the rule of law. Because of a high level of panic among the general population about sex offenders the use of preventative detention for sex offenders has received little attention or scrutiny. While the population of the detention facility at Guantanamo Bay has slowly decreased, the number of persons in state and federal detention centers dedicated to sex offenders has continued to climb. With the courts largely rubber stamping the federal civil commitment of sex offenders allowed under the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act (AWA) in 2006, the path has been cleared for an enormous expansion of sex offender detention.Because of the limited attention given to these detentions, they represent a particularly dire threat to American liberties. The normal societal and institutional checks against government abuse embodied in the media, public, Constitution, and courts have essentially been removed. We authorize government to detain indefinitely those who are deemed "sexually dangerous" at our peril. Instead of waiting for someone to commit a wrong, the government acts to restrict liberty of persons who have yet to commit a wrong (but the government believes will likely do so in the future). The criminal justice system offers plenty of opportunities for the government to prosecute someone before harm is done using inchoate and conspiracy crimes. To go beyond those already broad tools, the circumstances should be highly exceptional, the danger should be real and imminent, and the net should be cast narrowly. In the case of sex offender civil commitment, the circumstances are no more dangerous than for other serious crimes, the risk is speculative based upon pseudo-science, and the net is far too broad. Because of these aspects of sex offender civil commitment laws, America should fundamentally reconsider its approach to fighting sexual violence. Laws like AWA, premised on myths that allocate substantial resources in a never ending war, do not create a just or better society.


Snow cover is represented as a natural community of the shapes of growing crystals interacting with each other and exposed to environmental influences. It is worked out the empirical deterministic models describing the sublimation-metamorphic cycle of seasonal snow cover and the polymorphic variants of this cycle. The main driving force of processes yielding an evolutionary row of crystals are internal interactions within a snow pack. For all that the factor of time (the age of genetic player) plays a crucial role in sublimation metamorphism. Stadiality of the forms of crystal growth and self-development snow layers are revealed. They are a result of successive process of superposition of ice crystal-chemical symmetry and dissymmetry of the whole system soil–snow–atmosphere, according to the known P. Curie principle. Crystal-morphological classification for season snow is worked out by author on the base of the given an account evolutionary model. Two categories of crystal shapes have been picked out: classes and types of forms. The first category reflects the invariant aspect of snow sublimation metamorphism and the second one – the hydrothermal conditions of this process in each layer of the snow pack. Evolution of snow pack structure is conditioned to a marked degree by probabilistic conformity to natural laws, manifesting themselves in the processes of auto-regulation of metamorphism. These processes include the two types of regulation: the self-regulation of snow layers, on the one hand, and their regulation from outside – under the influence of atmospheric perturbations, on the other hand. An analysis of the processes of auto-regulation of metamorphism is capable of rendering a substantial service in the development of methods of short- and long-term forecasting of the avalanches. Crystal-morphological structure of snow cover may be considered also as a "quickly running" model of many evolutionary biosphere processes.


Through action research the question "What nourishes the spirit of the adolescent in the classroom" was subjected to an inventive strategy. The inquiry centered around student-driven questions inserted into a holistic intrapersonal curriculum. Recognition of the penury of literature in adolescent self and spirituality led the researcher to formulate the question, to organize and implement sessions with engaged students in a fluid way, to create an appropriate environment, to collect the data, and to analyze the data along thematic lines. Ultimately, the concept that interconnected components such as competence, encouragement, confidence, and self-esteem allow holistic teaching to flourish when creativity, choice, imagination, and constructivism nourish the adolescent spirit in the classroom. A theory clearly rises from the research. Teaching from a holistic perspective, a teacher can offset the solely outcome-based curriculum directives. The teacher and the adolescents committed to learning can continue to regard outcomes while focusing our commitment to process. To nourish the spirit is key. It is an ongoing process of infinite proportions capable of unleashing the energies of all stakeholders in education: teachers, students, parents, officials. The process, if pursued in a determined and mindful way, will witness the establishment of a civil society, one that endures in a renewable way at all levels: home, school, and community.


The immiscible lattice BGK method for solving the two-phase incompressible Navier-Stokes equations is analysed in great detail. Equivalent moment analysis and local differential geometry are applied to examine how interface motion is determined and how surface tension effects can be included such that consistency to the two-phase incompressible Navier-Stokes equations can be expected. The results obtained from theoretical analysis are verified by numerical experiments. Since the intrinsic interface tracking scheme of immiscible lattice BGK is found to produce unsatisfactory results in two-dimensional simulations several approaches to improving it are discussed but all of them turn out to yield no substantial improvement. Furthermore, the intrinsic interface tracking scheme of immiscible lattice BGK is found to be closely connected to the well-known conservative volume tracking method. This result suggests to couple the conservative volume tracking method for determining interface motion with the Navier-Stokes solver of immiscible lattice BGK. Applied to simple flow fields, this coupled method yields much better results than plain immiscible lattice BGK.


By applying a few of the concepts and transformative tools presenting in many of Deleuze?s texts, Barnett Newman?s paintings receive a much-needed re-interpretation. In many of Newman?s paintings, the fields of colors and the pulsating zips that sear through these vast landscapes can be seen as intensive sensations pushing away from philosophical and artistic domains that cling to images of thought rooted in recognition and binarism. The function of such a Deleuzian reading of Barnett Newman is to evoke the potentiality for destabilization so that one is able to create new sensations, new ways of conceiving of painting and life that are never able to be captured by a single system of signification. Rather than the desire to imitate, represent, or capture, Newman is able to mark an intensive threshold of becoming. Beneath a representational regime is a plane of imperceptible forces that traverse the face of the painting and extend beyond the canvas infinitely in every direction.


Praise for Accounting Best Practices, Fifth Edition "For a comprehensive, yet easy-to-read guide to fixing those all-too-common shortcomings in your accounting department, look no further than this excellent book. Steve Bragg provides hundreds of fixes, many of them requiring surprisingly little time or cost while providing a handy guide to common implementation pitfalls . . . I would recommend this invaluable book to anyone who is looking to enhance their existing processes, whether due to growth in their business, compliance with Sarbanes-Oxley, or just as part of their ongoing improvement process." —Martyn Webster, CPA, Director of FinanceXenoPort, Inc. "This book is critical to running an efficient and accurate accounting department. The use of RFID technology to track documents is one of many valuable tools in this latest edition. A required read for the demanding accounting manager's role." —Jason Charet, CPA "I've used Steve Bragg's Accounting Best Practices books for years as a source of ideas for improvement. Like the previous editions, the Fifth Edition has a number of new, actionable best practices as well as refinements of those ideas reported in previous editions. The books are broad enough in their perspective so that nearly any organization could find ideas that could pay back the cost of the book many times over." —John Temmerman, Controller Evangelical Lutheran Church in America "What a great resource! I have been in the accounting field for over twenty years, and I was still able to gain insight into improving processes within my office. Thanks for putting it all in one book!" —Tina M. Thomas, CPA, CTP, Controller Goodman & Company, LLP


A leading Cochrane researcher has suggested that European governments should sue the drug firm Roche and that doctors and others boycott the company's products until it published all its data on oseltamivir (Tamiflu).

Peter Gotzsche, head of the Nordic Cochrane Centre in Copenhagen, was responding to an open letter to Roche from the BMJ 's editor in chief, Fiona Godlee.

His plea came the same week as Godlee and other campaigners met with the health minster Lord Howe to discuss missing data, European Union clinical trial regulation, and the role of regulators.

Afterwards Sarah Wollaston, the Conservative MP who last month asked in parliament for a meeting on the issue,1 said she hoped to have a full day's event to discuss further what could be done.

She told the BMJ , "Few would buy a car without comparing fuel economy and safety, yet the NHS pays for drugs without insisting on seeing all the data. We have many levers to insist on sharing this …


Android Wireless Application Development Second Edition Lauren Darcey Shane Conder The start-to-finish guide to Android application development: massively updated for the newest SDKs and developer techniques! This book delivers all the up-to-date information, tested code, and best practices you need to create and market successful mobile apps with the latest versions of Android. Drawing on their extensive experience with mobile and wireless development, Lauren Darcey and Shane Conder cover every step: concept, design, coding, testing, packaging, and delivery. The authors introduce the Android platform, explain the principles of effective Android application design, and present todays best practices for crafting effective user interfaces. Next, they offer detailed coverage of each key Android API, including data storage, networking, telephony, location-based services, multimedia, 3D graphics, and hardware. Every chapter of this edition has been updated for the newest Android SDKs, tools, utilities, and hardware. All sample code has been overhauled and tested on leading devices from multiple companies, including HTC, Motorola, and ARCHOS. Many new examples have been added, including complete new applications. This new edition also adds Nine new chapters covering web APIs, the Android NDK, extending application reach, managing users, data synchronization, backups, advanced user input, and more Greatly expanded coverage of Android manifest files, content providers, app design, and testing New coverage of hot topics like Bluetooth, gestures, voice recognition, App Widgets, live folders, live wallpapers, and global search Updated 3D graphics programming coverage reflecting OpenGL ES 2.0 An all-new chapter on tackling cross-device compatibility issues, from designing for the smallest phones to the big new tablets hitting the market Even more tips and tricks to help you design, develop, and test applications for different devices A new appendix full of Eclipse tips and tricks This book is an indispensable resource for every member of the Android development team: software developers with all levels of mobile experience, team leaders and project managers, testers and QA specialists, software architects, and even marketers. Programming/Java


In 1925-26, the late Max Born gave two sets of lectures at M.I.T., one on the structure of the atom, the other on the lattice theory of rigid bodies. Problems of Atomic Dynamics contains the text of both sets.What gives this volume its remarkable interest is just those dates: 1925-26. This must have been, by all accounts, the headiest period in twentieth-century physics, and Max Born was one of the leaders of the ferment. As Norbert Wiener remembers, "When Professor Born came to the United States [for these lectures in 1925] he was enormously excited about the new basis Heisenberg had just given for the quantum theory of the atom."These lectures represent perhaps the most vivid written record of the transition between the "old" quantum theory of Bohr, and the "new" theory. "At the time I began this course of lectures," Born writes, "Heisenberg's first paper on the new quantum theory had just appeared. Here his masterly treatment gave the quantum theory an entirely new turn. The paper of Jordan and myself, in which we recognized the matrix calculus as the proper formulation of Heisenberg's ideas, was in press, and the manuscript of a third paper by the three of us was almost completed."Even as the lecture series progressed, Born became familiar with new results, which he introduced into his presentation: Pauli's fourth quantum number, Dirac's formalism, his own work on a general operational calculus. And yet, in spite of the conditions of revolutionary changes in physics that year -- in which established ancien regime principles were collapsing almost monthly -- the theory is developed with a cool elegance and with a formal completeness which may be regarded as a "limiting case" of its current state. These lectures represent the foundations of quantum theory, and they have withstood the tests of time -- the tests of more than forty years of experimental evidence.


The information you need to avoid security threats on corporate mobile devicesMobile devices have essentially replaced computers for corporate users who are on the go and there are millions of networks that have little to no security. This essential guide walks you through the steps for securing a network and building a bulletproof framework that will protect and support mobile devices in the enterprise. Featuring real-world case scenarios, this straightforward guide shares invaluable advice for protecting mobile devices from the loss of sensitive and confidential corporate information. Provides a practical, fast-track approach to protecting a mobile device from security threatsDiscusses important topics such as specific hacker protection, loss/theft protection, backing up and restoring data, and moreOffers critical advice for deploying enterprise network protection for mobile devicesWalks you through the advantages of granular application access control and enforcement with VPNBusiness can be mobile without being vulnerable?and Mobile Device Security For Dummies shows you how.


This study examines the influence of conscious and unconscious processes on trust and choice within an attribute framing task. Trust-choice incompatibility exists when a decision maker shows preference for one option, but trusts another option. For instance, a decision maker might prefer Butcher A, who advertises ground beef as 75% lean yet trust Butcher B, who advertises ground beef as 25% fat. McElroy and Conrad (2009) suggest that unconscious processing plays an important role in choice. A vigilance task was used to investigate unconscious processing and trust-choice incompatibility. Participants were primed with words to induce trust or doubt and then given the ground beef attribute framing task along with 7-point scales to indicate which butcher they prefer and trust.


Get quickly up to speed with the latest Android SDKAimed at object oriented programmers, this straightforward-but-fun book serves as the most efficient way to understand Android, update an existing Android application, port a mobile application from another environment, or simply learn the ins and outs of the latest Android SDK. Packed with all the code and modules featured throughout, this guide also includes tutorials, tests, and project ideas.The authors forego the unnecessary repetition of material you already know and instead cut straight to the essentials such as interacting with hardware, getting familiar with the operating system, and networking. You'll walk through the process of designing, building, running, and debugging the application while you also learn Android best practices.Demonstrates a wide variety of Android features, including user interface design, application management, data and content management, and incorporating external servicesOrganizes the many packages of the Android SDK by functionality and details which standards and features are appropriate for each level of the Android SDKExplains the new features of the latest Android SDK with examples and snippets that demonstrate how to effectively incorporate the features into new or existing applicationsFeatures all programming examples, including the sample application, on the companion web siteAndroid 3 SDK Programming For Dummies is written in clear, plain English to help you quickly understand and program the latest Android SDK.


It is often suggested that economics is a good major for individuals interested in being business leaders. Despite this widespread assertion, little research has been conducted on this topic. Using the Standard and Poor (S&P) 500 companies, this paper examines the validity of such a claim. We find evidence that economics is a good choice of major for those aspiring to become a CEO. Economics ranked third with 9% of the CEOs of the S&P 500 companies in 2004 being undergraduate economics majors, behind business administration and engineering majors, each of which accounted for 20% of the CEOs. When adjusting for size of the pool of graduates, those with undergraduate degrees in economics are shown to have had a greater likelihood of being an S&P 500 CEO than any other major. That is, the share of graduates who were economics majors who were CEOs in 2004 was greater than that for any other major, including business administration and engineering. The findings also show that a higher percentage of CEOs who were economics majors subsequently completed a graduate degree – often an MBA – than did their counterparts with business administration and engineering degrees. The paper demonstrates that while women now comprise over half of all bachelor's and master's degrees awarded, they remain a minority in terms of undergraduate degrees awarded in economics and in MBA degrees conferred. Economics programs may try to appeal to more women students as a stepping stone to becoming a CEO, especially as women continue to account for less than 2 percent of the S&P 500 CEOs.


Early Pregnancy Loss (EPL), a loss occurring before 14 weeks gestation, is a relatively common event, occurring in about 20% of pregnancies. Although many women and their partners do not experience psychological difficulties associated with this loss, a significant minority experience intense and sustained grief, depression and anxiety symptoms. Reliable prevalence rates of serious psychological consequences for women are not well established, and those of partners are largely unknown. Furthermore, it is unclear what factors increase the risk for developing serious psychological symptoms. A range of potential risk factors have been identified, but remain under-researched and have not been rigorously studied. According to Cognitive Behavioural Theory, it is possible that cognitions surrounding the loss may be a particularly relevant risk factor. Yet this topic has rarely been examined and the studies that have are characterised by major methodological shortcomings. Importantly, partners are rarely included in these studies.

This study aimed to determine prevalence rates for grief depression and anxiety over the first three and a half months after EPL. It also investigated cognitions after EPL through the Common-Sense Model of Illness Representation, and their link with grief, depression and anxiety symptoms. This study included 28 male partners and 68 women diagnosed with EPL who attended the Early Pregnancy Assessment Service at the Royal Women's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Participants completed self-report measures two weeks (T1), and three months (T2) post-loss. These included the Perinatal Grief Scale, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale, the State Trait Anxiety Inventory, and the Illness Perception Questionnaire-Revised.

Results showed that the prevalence of grief, depression and anxiety symptoms for women at T1 were 20.6%, 54.4%, and 52.9%, respectively. For partners, the prevalence rates were 0% for grief, 32.1% for depression, and 25% for anxiety. These rates decreased by T2. Illness perceptions were found to significantly predict grief, depression and anxiety. Unexpectedly, it was often better perceptions of the loss that predicted worse psychological outcomes. These findings provide new information about the experience of EPL and suggest that critical timing for assessment and treatment would be within the first 3 months after EPL. Treatment options, particularly in terms of grief theories presented in the introduction, are discussed. Considering the surprising results and that this is the first study to examine illness perceptions among this sample, replication of these results is needed.


This paper provides new estimates of depreciation rates for personal computers (PCs) using an extensive database on prices of used PCs. Our results show that PCs lose roughly half their remaining value, on average, with each additional year of use. We decompose that decline into age-related depreciation and a revaluation effect driven by the steep ongoing drop in the constant-quality prices of newly introduced PCs. Our results are directly applicable for measuring the depreciation of PCs in the National Income and Product Accounts (NIPAs) and were incorporated into the December 2003 comprehensive NIPA revision. Regarding tax policy, our estimates suggest that the current tax depreciation schedule for PCs closely tracks their actual loss of value in a zero-inflation environment. However, because the tax code is not indexed for inflation, the tax allowances would be too small in present value for inflation rates above the very low level now prevailing.


Taking the growing use of deportation by many states, including the UK and the USA, as its point of departure, this article examines the implications of deportation for how citizenship is understood and conceptualised in liberal states. We follow scholars such as Walters (2002, Citizenship studies, 6 (2), 265–292) and Nicholas De Genova (2010, The deportation regime: sovereignty, space and freedom of movement. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 33–65) in seeing deportation as a practice that is 'constitutive of citizenship', one that reaffirms the formal and normative boundaries of membership in an international system of nominally independent states. However, we draw on the UK to show that, as a particularly definitive and symbolically resonant way of dividing citizens from (putative) strangers, deportation is liable to generate conflicts amongst citizens and between citizens and the state over the question of who is part of the normative community of members. Such conflict is, we show, a key and everyday feature of the many local anti-deportation campaigns that currently operate in support of individuals and families facing expulsion in liberal states. Although often used by governmental elites as a way to reaffirm the shared significance of citizenship, deportation, we suggest, may serve to highlight just how divided and confused modern societies are in how they conceptualise both who is a member and who has the right to judge who belongs.


Abstract. Advanced satellite sensors are tasked with improving global-scale measurements of the Earth's atmosphere, clouds, and surface to enable enhancements in weather prediction, climate monitoring, and environmental change detection. Measurement system validation is crucial to achieving this goal and maximizing research and operational utility of resultant data. Field campaigns employing satellite under-flights with well-calibrated Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) sensors aboard high-altitude aircraft are an essential part of this validation task. The National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) Airborne Sounder Testbed-Interferometer (NAST-I) has been a fundamental contributor in this area by providing coincident high spectral and spatial resolution observations of infrared spectral radiances along with independently-retrieved geophysical products for comparison with like products from satellite sensors being validated. This manuscript focuses on validating infrared spectral radiance from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) through a case study analysis using data obtained during the recent Joint Airborne IASI Validation Experiment (JAIVEx) field campaign. Emphasis is placed upon the benefits achievable from employing airborne interferometers such as the NAST-I since, in addition to IASI radiance calibration performance assessments, cross-validation with other advanced sounders such as the AQUA Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder (AIRS) is enabled.


What is this book about? The Extreme Programming (XP) methodology enables you to build and test enterprise systems quickly without sacrificing quality. In the last few years, open source developers have created or significantly improved a host of Java XP tools, from XDoclet, Maven, AntHill, and Eclipse to Ant, JUnit, and Cactus. This practical, code-intensive guide shows you how to put these tools to workand capitalize on the benefits of Extreme Programming. Using an example pet store application, our expert Java developers demonstrate how to harness the latest versions of Ant and XDoclet for automated building and continuous integration. They then explain how to automate the testing process using JUnit, Cactus, and other tools, and to enhance project management and continuous integration through Maven and AntHill. Finally, they show you how to work with XP tools in the new Eclipse IDE. Complete with real-world advice on how to implement the principles and practices of effective developers, this book delivers everything you need to harness the power of Extreme Programming in your own projects. What does this book cover? Here are some of the things you'll find out about in this book: How to automate the building of J2EEapps and components with Ant and XDoclet Techniques for automating Java testing using JUnit Procedures for automating servlet, JSP, and other J2EE testing using Cactus Ways to automate Swing testing with Jemmy, JFCUnit, and Abbot How to manage projects using Maven Techniques for automating continuous integration with AntHill and Cruise Control How to harness plugins for JUnit, Cactus, and Ant in the Eclipse IDE Ways to implement Extreme Programming best practices Who is this book for? This book is for enterprise Java developers who have a general familiarity with the XP methodology and want to put leading Java XP tools to work in the development process.


In this thesis we present the implementation of libraries center.lib and perron.lib for the non-commutative extension Plural of the Computer Algebra System Singular. The library center.lib was designed for the computation of elements of the centralizer of a set of elements and the center of a non-commutative polynomial algebra. It also provides solutions to related problems. The library perron.lib contains a procedure for the computation of relations between a set of pairwise commuting polynomials. The thesis comprises the theory behind the libraries, aspects of the implementation and some applications of the developed algorithms. Moreover, we provide extensive benchmarks for the computation of elements of the center. Some of our examples were never computed before.


A riveting history of America's most beautiful natural resources, The Quiet World documents the heroic fight waged by the U.S. federal government from 1879 to 1960 to save wild Alaska--Mount McKinley, the Tongass and Chugach national forests, Gates of the Arctic, Glacier Bay, Lake Clark, and the Coastal Plain of the Beaufort Sea, among other treasured landscapes--from the extraction industries. Award-winning historian Douglas Brinkley traces the wilderness movement in Alaska, from John Muir to Theodore Roosevelt to Aldo Leopold to Dwight D. Eisenhower, with narrative verve. Basing his research on extensive new archival material, Brinkley shows how a colorful band of determined environmentalists created the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge just before John F. Kennedy became president. Brinkley introduces a lively gallery of characters influential in preserving Alaska's wilderness resources: the indomitable U.S. Supreme Court justice William O. Douglas, who championed the Brooks Range; charming Ivy League explorer Charles Sheldon, who led the campaign to create Denali National Park; intrepid Bob Marshall, who cofounded The Wilderness Society; hermit illustrator Rockwell Kent, who lived in isolation on Fox Island like a modern Thoreau; nature photographer Ansel Adams, whose image Mount McKinley and Wonder Lake set off a tsunami of public interest in America's tallest peak; and U.S. Fish and Wildlife biologist Rachel Carson, who promoted proper ocean stewardship; among many more. Wildlife fervently comes to life in The Quiet World Brinkley tells incredible stories about the sea otters in the Aleutians, moose in the Kenai Peninsula, and birdlife across the Yukon Delta expanse while exploring the devastating effects that reckless overfishing, seal slaughter, and aerial wolf hunting have wrought on Alaska's once-abundant fauna. While taking into account Exxon Valdez-like oil spills, The Quiet World mainly celebrates how the U.S. government has preserved many of Alaska's great wonders for future generations to enjoy.


Background: Blood is scarce; its demand far outweighs the supply. In addition to limited supply, the issue of safety especially with regard to the risk of transfusion transmissible infection is also an issue of utmost concern especially in the developing countries. Blood transfusion services in India have gained special significance in recent years and forms a vital part of national health care system. Voluntary Non-Remunerated Blood Donation (VNRBD) is the safest of all types of blood donations. One of the potential sources that can be tapped for blood donation is the young and physically fit students from educational institutions across India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among students from Mumbai University, India during May–June 2017. Two hundred and fifty students were approached to participate in the study of which 201 agreed to participate (males: 104; females: 97). Pretested questionnaire was distributed and collected data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 23. Results: High number of participants agreed about encouraging general public about voluntary blood donation (96%; 193/201), lack of awareness about VBD in general public (82%; 164/201). But not a single participant was able to respond to the knowledge part of the questionnaire with 100% accuracy. Almost all the participants had correct knowledge about blood groups (98%; 196/201) and blood matching need (195/201; 97%). Conclusions: Participants showed good attitude but demonstrated poor knowledge about voluntary blood donation. Details about blood donation should be incorporated in the undergraduate curriculum and periodic awareness programs should be organized for students.


Stigmas and incivility are common across all facets of sport, yet empirical examination is lacking, especially when it comes to women in leadership positions. In intercollegiate athletics, the senior woman administrator position is designated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association as the highest ranking woman serving the athletic department, so this study examined the extent to which stigma consciousness and workplace incivility impact the work outcomes of 234 senior woman administrators. Structural equation modeling and open-ended responses demonstrated that stigma consciousness is associated with higher perceived incivility, which is associated with lower job satisfaction and perceived organizational opportunity. Thus, stigma consciousness and workplace incivility not only operate as influential independent factors within the workplace setting, but stigma consciousness also serves as an antecedent to workplace incivility. Managerial strategies empowering professionals may help reduce stigmas, prevent uncivil behaviors in the workplace, and ultimately, improve outcomes.


We have developed a method for evaluating the fidelity of the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) retrieval algorithms by mimicking atmospheric extinction and radiance measurements in a laboratory experiment. This enables radiometric retrievals that use the same sampling volumes, relative humidities, and particle size ranges as observed by other in situ instrumentation in the experiment. We use three Cavity Attenuated Phase Shift (CAPS) monitors for extinction and University of Maryland Baltimore County's (UMBC) three-wavelength Polarized Imaging Nephelometer (PI-Neph) for angular scattering measurements. We subsample the PI-Neph radiance measurements to angles that correspond to AERONET almucantar scans, with simulated solar zenith angles ranging from 50 ∘ to 77 ∘ . These measurements are then used as input to the Generalized Retrieval of Aerosol and Surface Properties (GRASP) algorithm, which retrieves size distributions, complex refractive indices, single-scatter albedos, and bistatic LiDAR ratios for the in situ samples. We obtained retrievals with residuals less than 8% for about 90 samples. Samples were alternately dried or humidified, and size distributions were limited to diameters of less than 1.0 or 2.5 μ m by using a cyclone. The single-scatter albedo at 532 nm for these samples ranged from 0.59 to 1.00 when computed with CAPS extinction and Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) absorption measurements. The GRASP retrieval provided single-scatter albedos that are highly correlated with the in situ single-scatter albedos, and the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.916 to 0.976, depending upon the simulated solar zenith angle. The GRASP single-scatter albedos exhibited an average absolute bias of +0.023–0.026 with respect to the extinction and absorption measurements for the entire dataset. We also compared the GRASP size distributions to aerodynamic particle size measurements, using densities and aerodynamic shape factors that produce extinctions consistent with our CAPS measurements. The GRASP effective radii are highly correlated (R = 0.80) and biased under the corrected aerodynamic effective radii by 1.3% (for a simulated solar zenith angle of θ ∘ = 50 ∘ ); the effective variance indicated a correlation of R = 0.51 and a relative bias of 280%. Finally, our apparatus was not capable of measuring backscatter LiDAR ratios, so we measured bistatic LiDAR ratios at a scattering angle of 173 degrees. The GRASP bistatic LiDAR ratios had correlations of 0.71 to 0.86 (depending upon simulated θ ∘ ) with respect to in situ measurements, positive relative biases of 2–10%, and average absolute biases of 1.8–7.9 sr.


RSIS Commentary is a platform to provide timely and, where appropriate, policy-relevant commentary and analysis of topical and contemporary issues. The authors' views are their own and do not represent the official position of the S. Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU. These commentaries may be reproduced with prior permission from RSIS and due recognition to the author(s) and RSIS. Please email to Mr Yang Razali Kassim, Editor RSIS Commentary at email@example.com.


An Introduction to Statistical Learning provides an accessible overview of the field of statistical learning, an essential toolset for making sense of the vast and complex data sets that have emerged in fields ranging from biology to finance to marketing to astrophysics in the past twenty years. This book presents some of the most important modeling and prediction techniques, along with relevant applications. Topics include linear regression, classification, resampling methods, shrinkage approaches, tree-based methods, support vector machines, clustering, and more. Color graphics and real-world examples are used to illustrate the methods presented. Since the goal of this textbook is to facilitate the use of these statistical learning techniques by practitioners in science, industry, and other fields, each chapter contains a tutorial on implementing the analyses and methods presented in R, an extremely popular open source statistical software platform. Two of the authors co-wrote The Elements of Statistical Learning (Hastie, Tibshirani and Friedman, 2nd edition 2009), a popular reference book for statistics and machine learning researchers. An Introduction to Statistical Learning covers many of the same topics, but at a level accessible to a much broader audience. This book is targeted at statisticians and non-statisticians alike who wish to use cutting-edge statistical learning techniques to analyze their data. The text assumes only a previous course in linear regression and no knowledge of matrix algebra.


Physical education in recent years has undergone modifications in order to meet the changing demands of students. The traditional paradigm has been to teach physical education from a sport- and skill-based approach, whereby traditional teams and individual sports are emphasized (e.g., basketball, volleyball, flag football). However, this curriculum may be less impactful on student learning than alternatives and is not viewed favorably by administrators because it is perceived as lacking relevance to broader educational goals. The purpose of this paper was to reintroduce a curriculum that has the potential to address student learning in physical education and broader educational goals. The outdoor/adventure education curriculum, while neglected in recent years, is demonstrating promising gains as a viable model.


In this research acute malnutrition (AM) and household income (HI) are investigated. Historically, governorates of Iraq suffered inequality in AM and HI for several reasons, such as government's focus on heart of city in specific governorates; like Baghdad, Basra, and Nineveh. Question is raised whether the spatial patterns of AM and HI are existed in Iraq? If so, can the pattern of HI explain the pattern of AM? The present paper investigates the spatial structure of AM across different governorates in Iraq and its spatial correlation to HI. This investigation will provide implications for policy makers, finding local clusters and showing visual picture for each of AM and HI. The study utilizes a cross-sectional survey data collected in 2004 for 18 governorates. Mapping is used as the first step to conduct visual inspection for AM and HI using quartiles. Several spatial econometric techniques are available in the literature, which deal with the spatial autocorrelation in geographically referenced data. Two statistics of spatial autocorrelation, based on sharing boundary neighbours, known as global and local Moran's \textit{I}, are carried out. Wartenberg's measure is used to detect bivariate spatial correlation. In conclusion, based on visual inspection of mapping, global clustering in high level of AM and low level of HI were in general concentrated in western-southern governorates. This global clustering for AM was confirmed by significant global Moran's\textit{ I }statistic, but was not confirmed for HI\textit{.} Out of 18 governorates, three and one governorates were found as local clusters in AM and HI respectively based on local Moran's \textit{I${}_{i}$}. Bivariate spatial correlation between AM and HI was not found significant.


This special bibliography lists 462 reports, articles, and other documents introduced into the NASA scientific and technical information system in July 1973.


Congress over the tax treatment of electronic commerce and the Internet Tax Freedom Act of 1997. The ITFA imposed a moratorium on state and local taxes on Internet access and banned "multiple or discriminatory" taxes on electronic commerce. That moratorium was intended to last only three years but was extended by Congress in 2001 for another two years. It will lapse on November 1, 2003. The ITFA has been a remarkably misunderstood or misinterpreted statute and has very little to do with what really lies at the heart of this debate—the effort by state and local governments to collect sales and use taxes on remote vendors in interstate commerce (mail order, catalog, and e-commerce companies). Contrary to press reports and statements made by some members of Congress, the ITFA moratorium does not directly affect the ability of states and localities to impose sales and use taxes on purchases made over the Internet. What state and local officials are really at war with is not the ITFA but 30 years of Supreme Court jurisprudence that has not come down in their favor. Their ultimate goal is to overturn those precedents, which held that states could require only firms with a physical presence—or "nexus"—in their jurisdictions to collect taxes on their behalf. State and local tax officials have worked to eliminate or water down these restrictions on their tax reach but thus far have not been able to get around them or convince Congress to authorize the imposition of collection obligations on interstate vendors. Although extending the existing ITFA moratorium and continuing to uphold the Supreme Court's nexus jurisprudence makes good sense, Congress must also take an affirmative stand against efforts by state and local governments to create a collusive multistate tax compact to tax interstate sales. Other options exist that state and local governments can pursue before looking to impose unconstitutional tax burdens on interstate commerce. Of course, getting runaway state spending under control would go a long way toward solving many of their supposed problems. Merely extending sales tax collection responsibilities to electronic commerce—which constitutes less than 2 percent of all retail activity in the United States—will not solve the fiscal crisis that state and local governments have created through their profligate spending habits. The Internet Tax Solution Tax Competition, Not Tax Collusion


PLEASE NOTE: Contracts exclude from coverage, among other things, services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers may bill members for services or procedures that are considered investigational or cosmetic. Providers are encouraged to inform members before rendering such services that the members are likely to be financially responsible for the cost of these services.


Measurements of dijet pT correlations in both Pb+Pb and pp collisions at a nucleon–nucleon centre-of-mass energy of sNN = 2.76 TeV are presented. The measurements were performed with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) using Pb+Pb and pp data samples with integrated luminosities of 0.14 nb−1 and 4.0 pb−1, respectively. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with R = 0.4. A background subtraction procedure was applied to correct the jets for the large underlying event present in Pb+Pb collisions. The leading and subleading jet transverse momenta are denoted pT1 and pT2. An unfolding procedure is applied to the two-dimensional pT1-pT2 distributions to account for experimental effects in the measurement of both jets. Distributions of 1NdNdxJ, where xJ=pT2pT1, are presented as a function of pT1 and collision centrality. The distributions are found to be similar in peripheral Pb+Pb collisions and pp collisions, but highly modified in central Pb+Pb collisions. The results are qualitatively consistent with expectations from partonic energy loss.


In early 2009, the incoming Obama administration's Council of Economic Advisers predicted real GDP would rebound strongly from recession levels. In a blog post, Greg Mankiw expressed skepticism. In their blogs, Brad DeLong and Paul Krugman sighed. Of course there would be strong growth, they maintained, because the recovery of employment would mandate it via Okun's Law. Mankiw challenged Krugman to a bet on the issue, but there was no response. Of course we now have a good idea of the likely outcome, but I posit a hypothetical time series econometrician who, at the time of the blog entries, applies some standard forecasting methods to see whether DeLong and Krugman's confidence was justified. The econometrician's conclusion is that Mankiw would likely win the bet and furthermore that a rebound of any significance is unlikely. The econometrician has no idea how DeLong and Krugman could have been so confident in the CEA's rebound forecast.


Microsoft Outlook 2010 is a powerful Information management application that can be used for e-mailing, but as well as a calendar. This ebook is the second part of a series of three ebooks. In the first part you have learned more about folders in Outlook 2010 and Message options. In this ebook you will learn more about Outlook 2010 mail, contacts and the address book.

In Outlook 2010 there are several options which you can use to organize your mail. In the first chapter of this ebook you will learn how to delete and filter messages, how you can sort and find items. Furthermore you learn how to clean up your mailbox, how to use out of office, recall a message and print messages.

The second chapter of this ebook focuses on Outlook 2010 contacts and the Outlook 2010 address book. You can use the address book to look up and select names, e-mail addresses, and distribution lists when you address messages. When you type a name in the To, Cc, or Bcc box of an e-mail message, Outlook automatically checks to see if the name you typed matches a name in the address book. In this ebook you will learn to identify different address books and create a personal address book. Furthermore you learn how to create a distribution list, create contacts and find and edit a contact.


A hybrid electric vehicle simulation tool (HE-VESIM) has been developed at the Automotive Research Center of the University of Michigan to study the fuel economy potential of hybrid military/civilian trucks. In this paper, the fundamental architecture of the feed-forward parallel hybrid-electric vehicle system is described, together with dynamic equations and basic features of sub-system modules. Two vehicle-level power management control algorithms are assessed, a rule-based algorithm, which mainly explores engine efficiency in an intuitive manner, and a dynamic-programming optimization algorithm. Simulation results over the urban driving cycle demonstrate the potential of the selected hybrid system to significantly improve vehicle fuel economy, the improvement being greater when the dynamicprogramming power management algorithm is applied.


With this book, web developers can build engaging and interactive sites and applications using Microsoft's latest web development tools -- ASP.NET 2.0 and the new ASP.NET AJAX framework. You learn to create applications that have all the great tricks you see on popular commercial web sites, such as order forms and the ability to interact with a database. And you can build pages that display information interactively without a page refresh. This straightforward tutorial explains how. Learning ASP.NET 2.0 with AJAX helps you master the concepts and techniques of Microsoft's tools with plenty of annotated examples, review quizzes, web construction exercises and chapter summaries, so you can practice new skills and test your understanding as you go. With it, you'll learn to: Master the fundamental skills of ASP.NET 2.0 to build professional quality web applications Integrate new Ajax tools and CSS with ASP.NET 2.0 for flashier and more interactive sites Build applications with minimal coding using Visual Studio or its free counterpart, Visual Web Developer Connect your site with a database so that users can retrieve, interact and save data Debug your application, deal with unexpected problems, and protect your site from malicious users Use the community-maintained ASP.NET AJAX Control Toolkit to extend the controls that come with ASP.NET AJAX Use personalization tools to give your site a customized look for each user Ideal for beginning web developers, or those who are new to ASP.NET, this book gets you involved with your own learning through hands-on lessons that are clear and to the point. You get the chance to try out new techniques on the spot. Want to join the world of modern web development? This book will get you started.


Arachidonylethanolamide, an arachidonic acid derivative in porcine brain, was identified in a screen for endogenous ligands for the cannabinoid receptor. The structure of this compound, which has been named "anandamide," was determined by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and was confirmed by synthesis. Anandamide inhibited the specific binding of a radiolabeled cannabinoid probe to synaptosomal membranes in a manner typical of competitive ligands and produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of the electrically evoked twitch response to the mouse vas deferens, a characteristic effect of psychotropic cannabinoids. These properties suggest that anandamide may function as a natural ligand for the cannabinoid receptor.


This paper identifies some common errors that occur in comparative law, offers some guidelines to help avoid such errors, and provides a framework for entering into studies of the company laws of three major jurisdictions. The first section illustrates why a conscious approach to comparative company law is useful. Part I discusses some of the problems that can arise in comparative law and offers a few points of caution that can be useful for practical, theoretical and legislative comparative law. Part II discusses some relatively famous examples of comparative analysis gone astray in order to demonstrate the utility of heeding the outlined points of caution. The second section offers a framework for approaching comparative company law. Part III provides an example of using functional definition to demarcate the topic "company law", offering an "effects" test to determine whether a given provision of law should be considered as functionally part of the rules that govern the core characteristics of companies. It does this by presenting the relevant company law statutes and related topical laws of Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States, using Delaware as a proxy for the 50 states. On the basis of this definition, Part IV analyzes the system of legal functions that comprises "company law" in the United States and the European Union. It selects as the predominant factor for consideration the jurisdictions, sub-jurisdictions and rule-making entities that have legislative or rule-making competence in the relevant territorial unit, analyzes the extent of their power, presents the type of law (rules) they enact (issue), and discusses the concrete manner in which the laws and rules of the jurisdictions and sub-jurisdictions can legally interact. Part V looks at the way these jurisdictions do interact on the temporal axis of history, that is, their actual influence on each other, which in the relevant jurisdictions currently takes the form of regulatory competition and legislative harmonization. The method of the approach outlined in this paper borrows much from system theory. The analysis attempts to be detailed without losing track of the overall jurisdictional framework in the countries studied.


This important and exciting book makes a major contribution to methodology in psychology and the social sciences generally. Its main purpose is to show how psychology can be done differently'. From a standpoint which views knowledge as produced and reproduced within specific historical conditions and power relations, Wendy Hollway criticizes the almost intentional blindness of psychology to its own conditions of production'. She describes her own method in her research on subjectivity and gender difference as well as the subjective, cultural and theoretical conditions within which it was developed. She outlines a theory of how meaning is achieved within discourses and discusses how the theory can be used to understand and analyse accounts and their production. She explains how her theory helped her to understand the production and reproduction of gender difference in adult relations. Then, using a framework which connects psychodynamic processes, power relations and gender-differentiated positions, she analyses the production of a range of mainstream psychologies. Central to the book is a radical reappraisal of the concept of subjectivity and its use as a tool for psychological understanding. The author concludes with an analysis of the way in which gender difference and subjectivity are involved in dominant conceptions of psychology as a science. She explores the implications of this analysis for feminist psychology and other psychologies with emancipatory goals. About the Author Wendy Hollway is a lecturer in the Development Studies and Project Planning Centre, University of Bradford. Previously, she taught in the Department of Occupational Psychology atBirkbeck College, University of London. She is currently preparing a book on the history of industrial//organizational psychology from the point of view of the conditions of its production. She is co-author (with J Henriques and others) of "Changing the Subject: Psychology, Social Regulation and Subjectivity "(1984).


INVELOX is an innovative wind power generation system as shown in Figure 1. It is comprised of a wind capturing system that accelerates and delivers high kinetic energy wind to a power conversion system placed in the Venturi section of the INVELOX. The objective of this project is to build a full scale model to verify laboratory and field our test data and to utilize the validated model as an effective design tool for future development. Multiphysics simulation involving Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has progressed significantly in the recent years so that predictions of flow around and inside complex geometries are now possible. In the present work, we will demonstrate how simulations can be used to evaluate a highly acclaimed innovative wind power generation system known as INVELOX. The model was developed using COMSOL package. The fluid dynamic modules were employed. The objective was to validate that this patented technology significantly outperforms traditional wind turbines and it delivers superior power output at reduced cost, and in the process, solves all the major issues that have so far undermined the wind industry, such as low turbine reliability, intermittency issues, and adverse environmental and radar impact. The fundamental innovation of the INVELOX system is that it eliminates the need for tower-mounted turbines while it capturers wind flow through an omnidirectional intake. Simulating the performance of this wind power generation system is quite challenging because it requires acceptable computational results that are used to design the INVELOX system with model predicted performance. The goals is to better model and understand the flow field inside the INVELOX where the actual wind turbine is located as well the external flow field which not only provides the intake flow but also has to match the exhaust flow of the system. The present computations involved cases with different incoming wind directions and changes in the intake geometry. The results also compared with those obtained by using another commercially available CFD package. Sample results are shown here. Velocity and pressure fields are compared in this analysis using the two models. It is shown (Figure 2) that it is possible to capture, accelerate, and concentrate wind in order to maximize the power output. Increased wind velocities result in significant improvement in the power output.


Eleven cDNAs from a family of genes were cloned from the calcified exoskeleton of the
decapod crustacean Callinectes sapidus. Multiple, variant copies of a conserved 18-residue
motif (xLxGPSGffxxDGxxxQf), unique to calcified crustacean exoskeleton, accounts for
~70% of the total amino acid residues. The proteins appear to be post-translationally cleaved by
a trypsin-like serine protease at conserved recognition sites (RxKR). Two to six peptides, each
containing either two or four copies of the 18-residue motif, are expected, depending on which
pro-protein is cleaved.
Expression of the CsproCP gene family begins at the onset of calcification in the
hypodermis of post-ecdysial, calcified cuticle, as shown by Northern analysis. The genes are
never expressed in the hypodermis of the noncalcified arthrodial membrane. Western analysis,
using an antibody against the 18-residue motif, shows that accumulation of peptides with this
motif begins in the calcified cuticle several hours post-ecdysis and continues to anecdysis. The
size of the detected peptides agrees with the presumed post-translational cleavage. The strong
antibody binding to calcified cuticle proteins and the lack of binding to arthrodial membrane
proteins from anecdysial crabs is consistent with immunohistochemical staining performed by
Hequembourg (2002). Interestingly, the antibody also weakly binds to proteins from the tendon,
another calcified structure in the crab. These results confirm that the proteins encoded by the
CsproCP gene family are associated with calcification in Callinectes sapidus.


Community engagement is commonly imbedded in the ethos of institutions of higher education and has been identified as a High Impact Practice for student learning and retention. The Sustained Engagement Experiences in Kinesiology (SEEK) program at the University of La Verne is a curriculum-wide approach that moves students through four stages of community engagement: Respect, Participating with Effort, Self-Directions, and Leadership. The stages are developmentally sequenced across the curriculum and provide opportunities for learners to move from passive participants to active engagement scholars. The engagement experiences serve to enhance students' abilities to transfer what they learn in the classroom to real-life problems, foster an asset-based approach to community engagement, and facilitate a transition from surface-to deep-learning.


Globally, higher education is facing the challenges of a growing and diverse student body and the potential of digital technologies to transform their learning. How digitally fluent educators work to harness technology enhanced learning (TEL) is a defining factor in this. This paper presents an analysis of the power and possibilities of digital fluency. It draws on innovation theory (relating to diffusion of innovations and to acceptance and use of technology), and also on understandings of institutional culture – conceptualised as communities and landscapes of professional practice. It is set against recent doctoral work, comprising a thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with key, digitally fluent academics in Ireland and of a national (Ireland) policy document; the Digital Roadmap. This analysis led to some rather unexpected conclusions about educators' professional identity and institutional cultures whose alignment (or lack thereof) can profoundly influence practice in online and technology-enhanced learning. Essentially, this research suggests that enthusiasm, educational qualifications, and prior experience of digital technologies are major influences in the development of digital fluency and related professional identity, but that there has been little consistency or predictability in how this happens. Major similarities emerged among participants around how fluency was pursued, but marked variations emerged between those whose career focused on TEL and those who mainly used TEL as part of their instructional practices. Similarly, the research identified differing practices at institutional level regarding the prioritising and fostering of this digital fluency and related professional identity. It also identified very mixed levels of understanding relating to institutional and national policy in the area. The paper presents a discussion of both individual and institutional aspects of identity development under headings relating to career focus; the interrelations of formal and informal learning; the institutional promotion of cultures of development; and reward systems and structures. In this way the paper foregrounds the importance of meaningful alignment of professional identity and institutional culture in harnessing the potential of online learning in higher education. By examining in particular the factors that influence the development of digital fluency among academics and the role of sustainable, supportive institutional cultures in this, it contributes to understandings of the ongoing transformation of online learning both globally and glocally, suggesting some measures for better facilitating and fostering that alignment. This paper aligns with the conference sub-themes of New Skills for Living and Working in New Times and Global Challenges and Glocal Solutions


A much-needed guide that shows you how to leverage SharePoint tools without writing a line of code!The great news about SharePoint isyou don't need to be a seasoned .NET developer to develop custom functions for it. This book shows you how to use SharePoint Designer, Report Builder, Dashboard Designer, InfoPath, Excel, Word, Visio, and the SharePoint web-based UI to design and developwithout ever writing a line of code! Learn how to customize your site, build SharePoint apps, start social networking, or add Web parts. This straightforward guide makes everything easier.Introduces you to SharePoint 2010 components and features, and how you can use them in developmentExplains useful development tools, including document libraries, lists, basic workflows, Excel, Visio, Visual Studio, InfoPath, and WordShows how to tap the tools of business users and analysts, such as SharePoint Designer, Report Builder, and Dashboard DesignerAlso covers topics for more experienced programmers, including SharePoint Object Model (OM), SharePoint Web Services, SharePoint Software Developer Kit (SDK), Silverlight, JavaScript, the .NET Framework, and Web Part developmentLearn how to extend the functionality of the top enterprise portal and collaboration technology on the market with SharePoint 2010 Development For Dummies.


And he causeth all, both small and great, rich and poor, free and bond, to receive a mark in their right hand, or in their foreheads: And that no man might buy or sell, save he that had the mark, or the name of the beast, or the number of his name. Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six hundred threescore and six. (Bible, Revelation 13: 16–18)


This Article approaches the topic of same-sex marriage from a novel perspective by scrutinizing the historical accuracy of primary defense proffered by same-sex marriage opponents – "responsible procreation." In the context of challenges to Section 3 of DOMA, responsible procreation posits that the federal government's historic purpose in extending marital benefits is to single out and specially support families with biologically-related children. Because same-sex couples cannot fulfill this long-standing purpose, it is permissible to deny them all federal marital rights and obligations. While advocates disagree about whether and to what extent DOMA furthers this alleged federal interest, to date, all sides have accepted this historical account.This Article is the first to interrogate the accuracy of this account. To do so, the Article examines two of the largest and most important federal benefits programs – Social Security benefits and benefits for active and retired members of the U.S. military. This analysis demonstrates that Congress has not and does not condition the receipt of federal family-based benefits on biological parent-child relationships. To the contrary, Congress long has implicitly and explicitly extended such benefits to families with children known to be biologically unrelated to one or both of their parents. This Article thus reveals that responsible procreation is based on myth, not history and tradition.


Let $G$ be the intersection graph of a finite family of convex sets obtained by translations of a fixed convex set in the plane. We show that every such graph with clique number $k$ is $(3k-3)$-degenerate. This bound is sharp. As a consequence, we derive that $G$ is $(3k-2)$-colorable. We show also that the chromatic number of every intersection graph $H$ of a family of homothetic copies of a fixed convex set in the plane with clique number $k$ is at most $6k-6$.


I describe a planning methodology for domains with uncertainty in the form of external events that are not completely predictable. Under certain conditions, these events can be modelled as continuous-time Markov chains whose states are characterised by the planner's domain predicates. Planning is goal-directed, but the subgoals are suggested by analysing the utility of the partial plan rather than being simply the open conditions of the operators in the plan, a technique I call "decision-theoretic subgoaling'. Other planners for uncertain domains can be viewed as performing decision-theoretic subgoaling, which I argue is a useful way to combine AI-based planning and decision theory 1.


This article wrestles with whether charitable organizations' international activities can or should impact such organizations' domestic tax exemption. It addresses the issues raised by such international activities — if those activities contravene current U.S. foreign policy or international law is a charity's tax-exempt status adversely affected? Does such contravention implicate the public policy doctrine? On one hand, this article agrees with other legal scholars that the public policy doctrine needs congressional attention, including some codification of the doctrine to provide legislative boundaries and ensure against arbitrary and capricious application by the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS"). On the other hand, this article contends that the automatic inclusion of U.S. foreign policy and international law as components of "established public policy" would be administratively impracticable and onerous and would result in significant compliance difficulties for charitable organizations. Considering all these challenges, this article nevertheless proposes that some codification of the public policy doctrine accompanied by a listed transaction scheme, similar to those employed in other areas of the Internal Revenue Code ("Code"), could provide Congress and ultimately the IRS with the ability to target certain international activities as inherently in conflict with tax-exempt status. In addition, this article proposes that the codification of the public policy doctrine should include an excise tax regime, as an alternative to revocation, to address isolated or small violations of the public policy doctrine in relation to a charitable organization's overall tax-exempt activities. Although these proposals are not without pitfalls and criticisms, they will nevertheless provide practical guidance to charitable organizations, thereby aiding compliance and ensuring uniform treatment of charitable organizations with international activities or operations.


(ABSTRACT) Broadband wireless access (BWA) is a promising emerging technology. In the past, most BWA systems were based on proprietary implementations. The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.16 task group recently standardized the physical (PHY) and medium-access control (MAC) layers for BWA systems. To operate in a wide range of physical channel conditions, the standard defines a robust and flexible PHY. A wide range of modulation and coding schemes are defined. While the standard provides a framework for implementing link adaptation, it does not define how exactly adaptation algorithms should be developed. This thesis develops a link adaptation algorithm for the IEEE 802.16 standard's WirelessMAN air interface. This algorithm attempts to minimize the end-to-end delay in the system by selecting the optimal PHY burst profile on the air interface. The IEEE 802.16 standard recommends measuring C/(N+I) at the receiver to initiate a change in the burst profile, based on the comparison of the instantaneous the C/(N+I) with preset C/(N+I) thresholds. This research determines the C/(N+I) thresholds for the standard specified channel Type 1. To determine the precise C/(N+I) thresholds, the end-to-end (ETE) delay performance of IEEE 802.16 is studied for different PHY burst profiles at varying signal-to-noise ratio values. Based on these performance results, we demonstrate that link layer ETE delay does not reflect the physical channel condition and is therefore not suitable for use as the criterion for the determination of the C/(N+I) thresholds. The IEEE 802.16 standard specifies that ARQ should not be implemented at the MAC layer. Our results demonstrate that this design decision renders the link layer metrics incapable of use in the link adaptation algorithm. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) delay is identified as a suitable metric to serve as the link quality indicator. Our results show that buffering and retransmissions at the transport layer cause ETE TCP delay to rise exponentially below certain SNR values. We use TCP delay as the criterion to determine the SNR entry and exit thresholds for each of the PHY burst profiles. We present a simple link adaptation algorithm that attempts to minimize the end-to-end TCP delay based on the measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The effects of Internet latency, TCP's performance enhancement features and network traffic on the adaptation algorithm are also studied. Our results show that delay in the Internet can considerably affect the C/(N+I) thresholds used in the LA algorithm. We also show that the load …


Abstract. In this study, the influence of radiative cooling and small eddies on cirrus formation is investigated. For this purpose the non-hydrostatic, anelastic model EULAG is used with a recently developed and validated ice microphysics scheme (Spichtinger and Gierens, 2009a). Additionally, we implemented a fast radiative transfer code (Fu et al., 1998). Using idealized profiles with high ice supersaturations up to 144% and weakly stable stratifications with Brunt-Vaisala frequencies down to 0.0018 s−1 within a supersaturated layer, the influence of radiation on the formation of cirrus clouds is remarkable. Due to the radiative cooling at the top of the ice supersaturated layer with cooling rates down to −3.5 K/d, the stability inside the ice supersaturated layer decreases with time. During destabilization, small eddies induced by Gaussian temperature fluctuations start to grow and trigger first nucleation. These first nucleation events then induce the growth of convective cells due to the radiative destabilization. The effects of increasing the local relative humidity by cooling due to radiation and adiabatic lifting lead to the formation of a cirrus cloud with IWC up to 33 mg/m3 and mean optical depths up to 0.36. In a more stable environment, radiative cooling is not strong enough to destabilize the supersaturated layer within 8 h; no nucleation occurs in this case. Overall triggering of cirrus clouds via radiation works only if the supersaturated layer is destabilized by radiative cooling such that small eddies can grow in amplitude and finally initialize ice nucleation. Both processes on different scales, small-scale eddies and large-scale radiative cooling are necessary.


The principal author surveyed all Harvard University Press titles published (in first edition) between 2000 and well into 2010, making 10+ years of publication, in the subject areas of Business & Economics, History, Philosophy, Political Science, and Sociology, as well as a residual of Law titles. A large number of titles were initially removed from the survey because the book title suggested little connection or platform for political ideology. After making these removals, 494 titles remained, and the ideological outlook of each was assessed. The results show that Harvard University Press leans heavily to the left. In fact, over the 10+ years surveyed only eight of the 494 titles, or 2 percent, had an outlook that was conspicuously either classical liberal or conservative. The results are important for debates about whether academic standards—"Has the candidate published a book with a leading university press?"--are themselves ideologically biased. Linked Excel files provide all the data.


In World Order, Henry Kissinger - one of the leading practitioners of world diplomacy and author of On China - makes his monumental investigation into the 'tectonic plates' of global history and state relations. World Order is the summation of Henry Kissinger's thinking about history, strategy and statecraft. As if taking a perspective from far above the globe, it examines the great tectonic plates of history and the motivations of nations, explaining the attitudes that states and empires have taken to the rest of the world from the formation of Europe to our own times. Kissinger identifies four great 'world orders' in history - the European, Islamic, Chinese and American. Since the end of Charlemagne's empire, and especially since the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, Europeans have striven for balance in international affairs, first in their own continent and then globally. Islamic states have looked to their destined expansion over regions populated by unbelievers, a position exemplified today by Iran under the ayatollahs. For over 2000 years the Chinese have seen 'all under Heaven' as being tributary to the Chinese Emperor. America views itself as a 'city on a hill', a beacon to the world, whose values have universal validity. How have these attitudes evolved and how have they shaped the histories of their nations, regions, and the rest of the world? What has happened when they have come into contact with each other? How have they balanced legitimacy and power at different times? What is the condition of each in our contemporary world, and how are they shaping relations between states now? To answer these questions Henry Kissinger draws upon a lifetime's historical study and unmatched experience as a world statesman. His account is shot through with observations about how historical change takes place, how some leaders shape their times and others fail to do so, and how far states can stray from the ideas which define them. World Order is a masterpiece of narrative, analysis and portraits of great historical actors that only Henry Kissinger could have written.


The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as authors. In accordance with Article 36 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, this task has been carried out exclusively by the authors in the context of a grant agreement between the European Food Safety Authority and the authors. The present document is published complying with the transparency principle to which the European Food Safety Authority is subject. It may not be considered as an output adopted by EFSA. EFSA reserves its rights, view and position as regards the issues addressed and the conclusions reached in the present document, without prejudice to the rights of the authors.


A widely used diabetes drug dramatically boosted the potency of platinum-based cancer drugs when administered together to a variety of cancer cell lines and to mice with tumors, scientists from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute reported. Combining a platinum chemotherapy agent and the diabetes drug rosiglitazone halted or shrank mouse tumors as much as three times more effectively than either of the drugs given alone, according to the article in the May, 2007 issue of Cancer Cell. If pairing the drugs has the same synergistic effect in humans, the researchers say, it could improve control of ovarian, lung and other cancers routinely treated with platinum-based chemotherapy, to which tumors eventually become resistant. Moreover, the experiments suggest the combination might extend the use of platinum drugs to other cancers where they haven't previously been shown to be effective. "There's still a huge gulf between these experiments and human cancers," said Bruce Spiegelman, PhD, senior author of the report. "But it's worked in every animal model of cancer we've looked at, and I think there's a fair chance it will help people." Dana-Farber researchers are already drawing up plans for initial clinical trials, which could begin sometime this year. "We really see a way forward here to improve the chemotherapy's effectiveness for multiple forms of cancer," said George Demetri, MD, a Dana-Farber researcher who is preparing a proposal for a pilot study of rosizitaglone and platinum chemotherapy drugs in lung and ovarian cancer and sarcomas. If a pilot study shows promising activity, the combination would need to be compared with standard chemotherapy in larger phase 2 and phase 3 trials involving many hundreds of patients. Rosizitaglone, sold under the name Avandia, enhances insulin receptors' sensitivity in diabetics whose pancreas secretes too little insulin. It was approved in 1999 for use by patients with type 2 diabetes to help control blood sugar levels. An estimated 5 million people in the U.S. take Avandia or a similar drug, piozitaglone, which is sold as Actos. Both drugs work by activating PPAR-gamma, a transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of fat development in the body, a function discovered in the Spiegelman lab in 1994. Spiegelman and others observed that certain PPAR-gamma-activating compounds, called PPAR-gamma ligands, caused cancer cells to stop growing and become more mature, or differentiated. Therefore, Spiegelman and others felt it was a logical step to try PPAR-gamma ligands as cancer treatment, but several small clinical trials found rosiglitazone alone was ineffective against several cancer types. Despite this setback, and because rosizitaglone was well-tolerated by patients compared to standard cancer drugs, Dana-Farber researchers believed it was worthwhile to try it and similar PPAR-gamma ligands in a different context, said Geoffrey Girnun, PhD, a researcher in Spiegelman's laboratory and lead author of the Cancer Cell report. "After discussing it with other Dana-Farber researchers, we decided to try these agents in combination with platinum-based drugs, and in several different cell lines, we saw positive results," said Girnun. In addition to rosizitaglone, the scientists tested pioglitazone and an experimental compound made by Glaxo Smith Kline, combining each of them with cisplatin, carboplatin and oxalyplatin - all commonly used chemotherapy drugs that destroy cancer cells by damaging their DNA. When non small-cell lung cancer cell lines were treated with rosizitaglone alone, there was no effect on growth. Carboplatin alone reduced growth of the cancer cells by about 60 percent. But when both drugs were administered, cell growth was reduced by 80 percent. The drugs were also tested individually and together on ovarian cancer cell lines that normally are resistant to chemotherapy - and proved capable of reducing growth of the cancer cells by 90 percent. Even when applied to colon cancer cells, a type of cancer not usually treated with platinum drugs, rosiglitazone and carboplatin lowered the growth rate by 70 percent. (Rosizitaglone did not show the same positive effect when paired with oxalyplatin.) The drug combination also had striking growth-suppressing results when given to mice with human lung and ovarian tumors implanted under their skin and in mice that had received a chemical that causes them to develop colon cancer, explained Spiegelman, who is also a professor of cell biology at Harvard Medical School. The experiments showed that the PPAR-gamma ligands suppressed the activity of metallothioneine genes, which are believed to trigger the development of cancer cells' resistance to platinum chemotherapy. "Our finding that PPAR-gamma activation dramatically increases the efficacy of carboplatin, potentially causing tumor stasis or even tumor shrinkage could represent a significant advance in chemotherapy," the researchers wrote. The work was supported by the National Institutes of Health and the Madeline Franchi Ovarian Cancer Award. Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (www.dana-farber.org) is a principal teaching affiliate of the Harvard Medical School and is among the leading cancer research and care centers in the United States. It is a founding member of the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center (DF/HCC), designated a comprehensive cancer center by the National Cancer Institute. For more information contact: Bill Schaller or Richard Saltus; Tel.: 617.632.4090


"It is an axiom of American life that advantage should be earned through ability and effort. Even as the country divides itself at every turn, the meritocratic ideal – that social and economic rewards should follow achievement rather than breeding – reigns supreme. Both Democrats and Republicans insistently repeat meritocratic notions. Meritocracy cuts to the heart of who we are. It sustains the American dream. But what if, both up and down the social ladder, meritocracy is a sham? Today, meritocracy has become exactly what it was conceived to resist: a mechanism for the concentration and dynastic transmission of wealth and privilege across generations. Upward mobility has become a fantasy, and the embattled middle classes are now more likely to sink into the working poor than to rise into the professional elite. At the same time, meritocracy now ensnares even those who manage to claw their way to the top, requiring rich adults to work with crushing intensity, exploiting their expensive educations in order to extract a return. All this is not the result of deviations or retreats from meritocracy but rather stems directly from meritocracy's successes. This is the radical argument that Daniel Markovits prosecutes with rare force. Markovits is well placed to expose the sham of meritocracy. Having spent his life at elite universities, he knows from the inside the corrosive system we are trapped within. Markovits also knows that, if we understand that meritocratic inequality produces near-universal harm, we can cure it. When The Meritocracy Trap reveals the inner workings of the meritocratic machine, it also illuminates the first steps outward, towards a new world that might once again afford dignity and prosperity to the American people."


As educators attempt to incorporate the use of educational technologies in course curricula, the lack of appropriate and accessible digital content resources acts as a barrier to adoption. Quality educational digital resources can prove expensive to develop and have traditionally been restricted to use in the environment in which they were authored. As a result, educators who wish to adopt these approaches are compelled to produce large quantities of high quality educational content. This can lead to excessive workloads being placed upon the educator, whose efforts are better exerted on the pedagogical aspects of eLearning design. The accessibility, portability, repurposing and reuse of digital resources thus became, and remain, major challenges. The key motivation of this research is to enable the utilisation of the vast amounts of accumulated knowledge and educational content accessible via the World Wide Web in Technology Enhanced Learning (TEL). This thesis proposes an innovative approach to the targeted sourcing of open corpus content from the WWW and the resource-level reuse of such content in pedagogically beneficial TEL offerings. The thesis describes the requirements, both educational and technical, for a tool-chain that enables the discovery, classification, harvesting and delivery of content from the WWW, and a novel TEL application which demonstrates the resource-level reuse of open corpus content in the execution of a pedagogically meaningful educational offering. Presented in this work are the theoretical foundations, design and implementation of two applications: the Open Corpus Content Service (OCCS); and the User-driven Content Retrieval, Exploration and Assembly Toolkit for eLearning (U-CREATe). To evaluate and validate this research, a detailed analysis of the different aspects of the research is presented, outlining and addressing the discovery, classification and harvesting of open corpus content from the WWW and open corpus content utilisation in TEL. This analysis provides confidence in the ability of the OCCS to generate collections of highly relevant open corpus content in defined subject areas. The analysis also provides confidence that the resource-level reuse of such content in educational offerings is possible, and that these educational offerings can be pedagogically beneficial to the learner. A novel approach to the sourcing of open corpus educational content for integration and reuse in TEL is the primary contribution to the State of the Art made by this thesis and the research described therein. This approach differs significantly from those used by current TEL systems in the creation of learning offerings and provides a service which is considerably different to that offered by general purpose web search engines.


Margin squeeze in the telecommunications sector has become a central concern among national regulatory authorities, national competition authorities, national courts, and the European Commission. In recent months, competition law proceedings have been launched in several Member States, including Denmark, France, Italy, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. Most recently, on 16 November 2004, the Italian competition authority imposed a 152 million euros fine on Telecom Italia on the ground that it had engaged, inter alia, in a margin squeeze abuse. The need to prevent margin squeeze has also become a leitmotiv for NRAs in their capacity as regulators of wholesale and/or retail telecommunications prices. Thus, from an obscure issue that belonged to the realms of academic discussion, margin squeeze has become an intensely-debated practical issue in the area of telecommunications. Margin squeeze cases are the product of increased competition in the post-liberalization telecommunications sector. They also represent an important and necessary tool in the commercial strategies of new entrants that seek to compete with incumbent operators. While new entrants have made significant inroads in several telecommunications markets, many still claim that their growth is constrained by exclusionary practices carried out by the incumbents. Margin squeeze allegations feature prominently in this regard. Simply expressed, a margin squeeze amounts to a reduction by a dominant operator of the margin between wholesale and retail prices so as to make entry difficult or to encourage exit. This can be done by raising wholesale prices, lowering retail prices, or doing both. While margin squeeze has been frequently alleged in recent years, findings of abuse have thus far been rare. This may be partly due to the difficulty of demonstrating a margin squeeze abuse, but doubtless also reflects the fact that incumbents have dramatically reduced wholesale and retail prices in recent years, for entirely legitimate reasons. This paper looks at two instruments that can be used to prevent and/or sanction abuses of market power in telecommunications: sector-specific regulation, which is usually based on national regulatory frameworks transposing EC legislation, and national and/or EC competition law. While each instrument has advantages and disadvantages, their interaction often raises fundamental issues, which we seek to address in this paper.


The purpose of this study was to identify the planned adaptations of three upper-grades elementary teachers after participating in professional development on how to administer and analyze an Informal Reading Inventory (IRI). The rationale behind this study is that lower grade teachers throughout the state use formative assessments to identify their students' strengths and weaknesses in reading. However, upper-grades teachers are neither required and are rarely offered professional development on how to use such assessments to inform instruction. Little research has explored how upper-grades elementary teachers adapt their instruction after receiving professional development on administering and analyzing a formative assessment. The research question that guided this study was: After administering and analyzing an Informal Reading Inventory, what instructional adaptations, which are stimulated by IRI results, are made by three upper-elementary teachers? During this study teachers administered an IRI in September and December. The participants' literacy instruction was observed for two consecutive days each month. Following these observations, teachers were interviewed to identify how they had adapted their instruction after analyzing their students' IRI results. Participants reported more adaptations during the first month of the study, September, immediately following the first administration of the IRI. Participants' adaptations also increased after the second administration in January. However, during the two months between the IRI administrations, participants reported that their planned adaptations were increasingly based on their everyday observations of their students' reading.


The purpose of this study is to develop an in-depth understanding of the female experience of shopping for home furnishings and the role of the Internet in this process. The three primary objectives guiding the current study were: (a) to examine the concept of "home" within the female home furnishings shopping experience; (b) to explore the use of multiple channels within the home furnishings shopping process; and (c) to investigate the meanings that home furnishings have for female consumers. Six female home furnishings consumers representing different lifestyles and life stages comprised the sample. A phenomenological research approach was used to gain insight into the home furnishings shopping process. A combination of interview and journal responses formed the basis of data collection. Data were analyzed for commonalities and differences across participants' experiences. Three levels of interpretation were developed through the data, including personal narratives, thematic interpretation, and consideration of theoretical contributions. Findings indicate that the home reflects each participant's personality, personal values, and what is important about time spent at home, whether alone or with family and friends. Shopping for home furnishings is a complex experience that reflected the participants' lifestyles and life stages, the similarities and differences in their decision-making considerations, and the role that the retailer plays in taking the final step of the decision-making process and purchasing furnishings for the home. Findings reveal what home furnishings objects mean to the participants, and how the process of acquiring them reveals common issues faced by consumers seeking to create their own concept of home. Although this study provides an in-depth understanding of women's experiences with an overlooked product category - home furnishings - it also points to several areas of potential future study.


What are the roots that clutch what branches grow Out of this stony rubbish? Son of man, You cannot say, or guess, for you h o w only A heap of broken images, where the sun beats, And the dead tree gives no shelter, the cricket no relief, And the dry stone no sound of water. Only There is shadow under this red rock, (Come in under the shadow of this red rock), And I will show you something different from either Your shadow at morning striding behind you Or shadow at evening rising to meet you; I will show you fear in a handful of dust. T.S. Eliot The Waste Land