In this paper, a field survey and analysis about the fertility of cultivated layer soil for various usage in Wen Jiang District was carried out. The main results were as follows: the content of organic matter in the cultivated layer of sodded soil has a slight increase. The content of soil alkaline hydrolysis N was positively correlated with the content of soil organic matter. The content of available P and available K decreased after forestation or sodding. After paddy soil was transformed to garden, the soil fertility was affected in some extent. If the soil was fertilized properly, especially when prescription fertilization was adopted, the variety of soil properties was small and there was no evident obstacle in resuming rice planting, especially for the soil that was used to replant deciduous shrubbery. So far as retaining soil fertility was paid attention to, most of the transformed soil could be resumed as before. So this land utilization mode was worth to be encouraged and extended at present stage.


Understanding the surface O-3 response over a "receptor" region to emission changes over a foreign "source" region is key to evaluating the potential gains from an international approach to abate ozone (O-3) pollution. We apply an ensemble of 21 global and hemispheric chemical transport models to estimate the spatial average surface O-3 response over east Asia (EA), Europe (EU), North America (NA), and south Asia (SA) to 20% decreases in anthropogenic emissions of the O-3 precursors, NOx, NMVOC, and CO (individually and combined), from each of these regions. We find that the ensemble mean surface O-3 concentrations in the base case (year 2001) simulation matches available observations throughout the year over EU but overestimates them by > 10 ppb during summer and early fall over the eastern United States and Japan. The sum of the O-3 responses to NOx, CO, and NMVOC decreases separately is approximately equal to that from a simultaneous reduction of all precursors. We define a continental-scale "import sensitivity" as the ratio of the O-3 response to the 20% reductions in foreign versus "domestic" (i.e., over the source region itself) emissions. For example, the combined reduction of emissions from the three foreign regions produces an ensemble spatial mean decrease of 0.6 ppb over EU (0.4 ppb from NA), less than the 0.8 ppb from the reduction of EU emissions, leading to an import sensitivity ratio of 0.7. The ensemble mean surface O-3 response to foreign emissions is largest in spring and late fall (0.7-0.9 ppb decrease in all regions from the combined precursor reductions in the three foreign regions), with import sensitivities ranging from 0.5 to 1.1 (responses to domestic emission reductions are 0.8-1.6 ppb). High O-3 values are much more sensitive to domestic emissions than to foreign emissions, as indicated by lower import sensitivities of 0.2 to 0.3 during July in EA, EU, and NA when O-3 levels are typically highest and by the weaker relative response of annual incidences of daily maximum 8-h average O-3 above 60 ppb to emission reductions in a foreign region(< 10-20% of that to domestic) as compared to the annual mean response (up to 50% of that to domestic). Applying the ensemble annual mean results to changes in anthropogenic emissions from 1996 to 2002, we estimate a Northern Hemispheric increase in background surface O-3 of about 0.1 ppb a(-1), at the low end of the 0.1-0.5 ppb a(-1) derived from observations. From an additional simulation in which global atmospheric methane was reduced, we infer that 20% reductions in anthropogenic methane emissions from a foreign source region would yield an O-3 response in a receptor region that roughly equals that produced by combined 20% reductions of anthropogenic NOx, NMVOC, and CO emissions from the foreign source


Joint action by a team does not consist merely of simultaneous and coordinated individual actions; to act together, a team must be aware of and care about the status of the group effort as a whole. We present a formal definition of what it could mean for a group to jointly commit to a common goal, and explore how these joint commitments relate to the individual commitments of the team members. We then consider the case of joint intention, where the goal in question involves the team performing some action. In both cases, the theory is formulated in a logical language of belief, action, and time previously used to characterize individual commitment and intention. An important consequence of the theory is the types of communication among the team members that it predicts will often be necessary.


This paper attempts to examine the extent of influence of the three components of fertility, age at marriage, extent of modern contraceptive use and the level of abortion on fertility in the Republic of Yemen and to explore the impact of a selected set of demographic and socioeconomic variables on the three fertility components. This study uses data from Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) conducted in Yemen in 1991/1992 and 1997. The results from this study present empirical evidence of an onset of fertility decline in the Republic of Yemen. An important component of this decline is delayed age at marriage. There has been an increase in modem contraceptive use during the last decade. However, these methods are not widely used at early stages of family formation. The most common method of family limitation among women with large families is abortion. There has been very little change if any in the widespread occurrence of abortion during the last decade. There exist significant urban-rural differences in the levels of contraceptive use and abortion. Improvements in women's education and modern sector labor participation are crucial for increasing age at marriage, and level of contraceptive use and for reducing the prevailing level of abortion.


In this study, 27 marine bacteria were screened for production of bioactive metabolites. Two strains from the surface of the soft coral Sinularia polydactyla, collected from the Red Sea, and three strains from different habitats in the North Sea were selected as a promising candidates for isolation of antimicrobial substances. A total of 50 compounds were isolated from the selected bacterial strains. From these metabolites 25 substances were known from natural sources, 10 substances were known as synthetic chemical and herein are reported as new natural products, and 13 metabolites are new. Two substances are still under elucidation. All new compounds were chemically and biologically characterized. Pseudoalteromonas sp. T268 produced simple phenol and oxindole derivatives. Production of homogentisic acid and WZ 268S-6 from this bacteria was affected by the salinity stress. WZ 268S-6 shows antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Its target is still unclear. Isolation of isatin from this strain points out for the possibility of using this substance as a chemotaxonomical marker for Alteromonas-like bacteria. A large number of nitro-substituted aromatic compounds were isolated from both Salegentibacter sp. T436 and Vibrio sp. WMBA1-4. They may be derived from metabolism of phenylalanine or tyrosine. From Salegentibacter sp. T436, 24 compounds were isolated, of which four compounds are new and six compounds were known as synthetic chemicals. WZ 436S-16 (dinitro-β-styrene) is the most potent antimicrobial and cytotoxic compound. It inhibits the oxygen uptake by N. coryli and causes apoptosis in the human promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60 cells). From Vibrio sp. WMBA1-4, 13 new alkaloids were isolated, of which four were known as synthetic products and herein are reported as new substances from natural sources. The majority of these compounds show antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The cytotoxic activity of WMB4S-11 against the mouse lymphocytic leukaemia (L1210 cells) is due to the inhibition in the protein biosynthesis, while the remaining cytotoxic alkaloids have no effect on the synthesis of macromolecules in this cell line. The antibacterial activity of WMB4S-2, -11, -12, -13 and the antifungal activity of WMB4S-9 are not due to the inhibition in the macromolecules biosynthesis or in the oxygen uptake by the microorganisms. The biological activity of these nitro-aromatic compounds from Salegentibacter sp. T436 and Vibrio sp. WMBA1-4 is influenced by the presence of a nitro group and its position in respect to the hydroxyl group, number of the nitro groups, and the type of substitutions on the side chain. In diaryl-maleimide derivatives, types and position of substitution on the aryl rings, on the maleimide moity, and the hydrophobicity of the aryl ring itself lead to variations in the extent of the bioactivity of these derivatives. This is the first time that vibrindole (WMB4S-14) and turbomycin B or its noncationic form (WMB4S-15), isolated from Vibrio sp., are reported as cytotoxic compounds. WMB4S-15 inhibits the biosynthesis of macromolecules in L1210 cells. The structural similarity between some of the metabolites in this study and previously reported compounds from sponges, ascidians, and bryozoan indicates that the microbial origin of these compounds must be considered.


The Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission has announced its intention to recommend to the Commission that enforcement proceedings alleging a violation of Regulation FD be instituted against Netflix, Inc. and its CEO, Reed Hastings, because of a posting on Mr. Hastings' personal Facebook page. Mr. Hastings' webpage had more than 200,00 followers, including reporters who covered the posting in the traditional press. The posting was also the subject of a tweet by TechCrunch, which has approximately 2.5 million followers on Twitter. This article is in the form of an amicus Wells Submission suggesting that the Commission would, for nine distinct reasons, be prudent not to initiate an action on the facts of the Netflix posting. In particular, the public record suggests that the posting did not contain material information, was not a selective disclosure, and because of its spread through social media constituted a "broad non-exclusionary distribution" that did not violate Regulation FD. A prosecution would also diverge dramatically from all prior Regulation FD enforcement proceedings, and would violate the Commission's prior representations not to "second guess" good faith efforts to comply with Regulation FD. In addition, the posting is not inconsistent with the Commission's 2008 Guidance on the Use of Company Webpages -- guidance that is seriously outdated because of the emergence of social media. The enforcement action on the facts of the Netflix posting would, moreover, raise serious constitutional questions. Regulation FD is a restraint on truthful speech and, as applied on the facts of a Netflix prosecution, would involve discrimination against social media and in favor of more traditional media channels. There is also doubt that Regulation FD would pass muster as a restraint on commercial speech, particularly in light of the Supreme Court's recent decision in Sorrell and the Second Circuit's decision in Caronia. A loss on constitutional grounds would also call into question a large panoply of Commission regulations that act as restraints on truthful speech, including, without limitation, quiet period restrictions and restriction on communications with analysts. Further, the issuance of the Wells Notice has already chilled the use of social media as a form of corporate communication absent the filing of a Form 8-K with the Commission. It also constitutes a questionable allocation of scarce Commission resources and raises questions that should be addressed through rulemaking and not through prosecution. The submission closes with suggestion for a reformulated Regulation FD that should be better able to pass constitutional muster and that would embrace social media technology rather than confront it.


Java / J2EE Interview Questions You'll Most Likely Be Asked is a perfect companion to stand ahead above the rest in today's competitive job market. Rather than going through comprehensive, textbook-sized reference guides, this book includes only the information required immediately for job search to build an IT career. This book puts the interviewee in the driver's seat and helps them steer their way to impress the interviewer. Includes: a) 200 Java and J2EE Interview Questions, Answers and Proven Strategies for getting hired as an IT professional b) Dozens of examples to respond to interview questions c) 51 HR Questions with Answers and Proven strategies to give specific, impressive, answers that help nail the interviews d) 2 Aptitude Tests download available


This paper reviews research into social tagging and folksonomy (as reflected in about 180 sources published through December 2007). Methods of researching the contribution of social tagging and folksonomy are described, and outstanding research questions are presented. This is a new area of research, where theoretical perspectives and relevant research methods are only now being defined. This paper provides a framework for the study of folksonomy, tagging and social tagging systems. Three broad approaches are identified, focusing first, on the folksonomy itself (and the role of tags in indexing and retrieval); secondly, on tagging (and the behaviour of users); and thirdly, on the nature of social tagging systems (as socio-technical frameworks).


In the January 2010 issue of this journal, we called, by name, 305 health economists to answer, without anonymity, an online interactive questionnaire about the pre-market approval of drugs and devices, and about the existence of a market-failure rationale for the policy. Of those called, 44 individuals participated. Here we summarize their answers to the closed-end questions and provide full transcripts of all the virtual conversations. We do not respond to or evaluate the responses. The 44 respondents come from 12 countries. Most of the respondents hold academic positions, but others are in government, industry, the non-profit health sector, and private research/consultancy. Link to this report's appendix which contains the 44 transcripts


Book of the 18 International Conference on Heavy Metals in the Environment, 12 to 15 September 2016, Ghent, Belgium This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. – 531 – 18th International Conference on avy Metals in the Environment 12 to 15 September 2016, Ghent, Belgium ICHMET 2016 Proceedings of the 18 International Confer nce on Heavy Metals in the Environment, 12 to 15 September 2016, Ghent, Belgium


In this ambitious book, acclaimed writer Marilynne Robinson applies her astute intellect to some of the most vexing topics in the history of human thought-science, religion, and consciousness. Crafted with the same care and insight as her award-winning novels, Absence of Mind challenges postmodern atheists who crusade against religion under the banner of science. In Robinson's view, scientific reasoning does not denote a sense of logical infallibility, as thinkers like Richard Dawkins might suggest. Instead, in its purest form, science represents a search for answers. It engages the problem of knowledge, an aspect of the mystery of consciousness, rather than providing a simple and final model of reality. By defending the importance of individual reflection, Robinson celebrates the power and variety of human consciousness in the tradition of William James. She explores the nature of subjectivity and considers the culture in which Sigmund Freud was situated and its influence on his model of self and civilization. Through keen interpretations of language, emotion, science, and poetry, Absence of Mind restores human consciousness to its central place in the religion-science debate.


"This study investigated the effects of team building activities on group climate and cohesion. Eleven undergraduate university students comprised the sample. Pre- and post-questionnaires were administered to examine group climate and cohesion. The control group volunteered for two hours over a five week period and the experimental group participated in team building activities and volunteered for two hours over a five week period. The subscales of engagement, avoidance, and conflict were explored with regards to group climate. The results suggest that team building activities are effective in increasing group climate, cohesion, and development of newly formed groups. More specifically, the results showed a significant increase in group engagement, a significant decrease in group conflict, and a significant increase in group cohesion when team building activities were used. Group climate and cohesion also affect group development, which was further examined in this study through focus groups and individual interviews after completion of the program. The positive group climate and high level of cohesion of the experimental group allowed them to reach a higher level of group development than the control group."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.


Mining is exposed to geological uncertainty as well as to economic forces beyond its control, such as commodity prices and exchange rates that govern profitability. Predictions of future scenarios in mining areas are thus inherently difficult and unreliable. This uncertainty is exacerbated by the long time periods required for pro-active planning of post-mining developments often spanning several decades. This paper presents examples from a gold mining area in the Far West Rand (South Africa) illustrating the variance between predicted scenarios and reality. The facts are embedded in a historical recount of events crucial for the design and approval of mine-closure plans, as well as post-mining development. It is argued that historical arrangements and data need to be understood and preserved in order to avoid the repetition of (costly) mistakes made in the Far West Rand. Owing to the pivotal role of water in the semi-arid area and the fact that some of the most important groundwater resources of South Africa were impacted on by deep-level mining, this paper in 3 parts adopted a largely hydraulic perspective. The loss of 'institutional memory' and local expertise has been identified as the main threat to planning. Part 3 presents an attempt to counteract such loss by providing an account of the events of 5 decades, as witnessed by the first author.


Pro-government militias are a prominent feature of civil wars. Governments in Colombia, Syria, and Sudan recruit irregular forces in their armed struggle against insurgents. The United States collaborated with Awakening groups to counter the insurgency in Iraq, just as colonizers used local armed groups to fight rebellions in their colonies. An emerging cross-disciplinary literature on pro-government non-state armed groups generates a variety of research questions for scholars interested in conflict, political violence, and political stability: Does the presence of such groups indicate a new type of conflict? What are the dynamics that drive governments to align with informal armed groups and that make armed groups choose to side with the government? Given the risks entailed in surrendering a monopoly of violence, is there a turning point in a conflict when governments enlist these groups? How successful are these groups? Why do governments use these non-state armed actors to shape foreign conflicts whether as insurgents or counterinsurgents abroad? Are these non-state armed actors always useful to governments or perhaps even an indicator for state failure?

We examine the demand for and supply of pro-government armed groups and the legacies that shape their role in civil wars. The enduring pattern of collaboration between governments and these armed non-state actors challenges conventional theory and the idea of an evolutionary process of the modern state consolidating the means of violence. Research on these groups and their consequences began with case studies, and these continue to yield valuable insights. More recently, survey work and cross-national quantitative research contribute to our knowledge. This mix of methods is opening new lines of inquiry for research on insurgencies and the delivery of the core public good of effective security.


Aboriginal communities in Canada are typically marginalized, have very low employment participation rates, and have limited economic infrastructure. The downturn in global economies further marginalized these communities. The University of Northern British Columbia's (UNBC) Continuing Studies department piloted an Aboriginal and Small Business Leadership Certificate program in the central interior of British Columbia (BC) between November 2008 and May 2009. The aim of the program was to address some of the issues faced by Aboriginal communities affected by the mountain pine beetle infestation in central BC. The success of the pilot project led UNBC Continuing Studies to collaborate with some communities in the central interior of BC to access funds through the federal government's Community Adjustment Funds initiative in order to develop and deliver a business capacity building project. The project consisted of a certificate program with enhanced Aboriginal content and an internship program to provide workplace experience for students. This paper reports on the practice of community engagement and learning as a result of this project.


In 2012, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights handed down Sarayaku v. Ecuador, a crucial decision on indigenous rights. This Article considers how the Sarayaku judgment impacts the Court's case law on indigenous lands and resources, and evaluates that jurisprudence as a whole. Examining the cases, it becomes evident that the Tribunal now connects a number of key indigenous rights to the right to property, Article 21 of the American Convention on Human Rights. When traditional lands are involved, the right to property has become the Court's structural basis for indigenous rights. For significant reasons, however, the right to property cannot serve as the conceptual stronghold for indigenous peoples' survival and development. First, the Court's approach limits the autonomy of indigenous peoples and their capacity for change. Second, the right to property inherently has difficulty providing even basic protection for ancestral lands because domestic and international law grants states wide latitude to interfere with property. Though the Court has attempted to create special 'safeguards' for indigenous lands and resources, they have proven inadequate. In response, I urge a distinct way for the Court to conceptualize indigenous rights. The right to property must be subsumed by, and anchored to, a stronger configurative principle to defend indigenous peoples' livelihood. Other human rights regimes offer the right to self-determination or specific minority protections that can safeguard indigenous rights. The relevant Inter-American legal instruments fail to establish such principles. As a result, I propose that a broad right-to-life concept, known as vida digna in the Court's case law, serve as the new structural basis for an array of essential indigenous norms — including cultural integrity, nondiscrimination, lands and resources, social development, and self-government.


Permission to make digital or hard copies of part or all of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies are not made or distributed for profit or commercial advantage and that copies bear this notice and the full citation on the first page. Copyrights for third-party components of this work must be honored. For all other uses, contact the owner/author(s). Copyright is held by the author/owner(s). CSCW'14 Companion, February 15–19, 2014, Baltimore, MD, USA. ACM 978-1-4503-2541-7/14/02.


Richard A. Posner is probably the leading scholar in the rapidly growing field of the economics of law; he is also an extremely lucid writer. In this book, he applies economic theory to four areas of interest to students of social and legal institutions: the theory of justice, primitive and ancient social and legal institutions, the law and economics of privacy and reputation, and the law and economics of racial discrimination. The book is designed to display the power of economics to organize and illuminate diverse fields in the study of nonmarket behavior and institutions. A central theme is the importance of uncertainty to an understanding of social and legal institutions. Another major theme is that the logic of the law, in many ways but not all, appears to be an economic one: that judges, for example, in interpreting the common law, act as if they were trying to maximize economic welfare. Part I examines the deficiencies of utilitarianism as both a positive and a normative basis of understanding law, ethics, and social institutions, and suggests in its place the economist's concept of "wealth maximization." Part II, an examination of the social and legal institutions of archaic societies, notably that of ancient Greece and primitive societies, argues that economic analysis holds the key to understanding such diverse features of these societies as reciprocal gift-giving, blood guilt, marriage customs, liability rules, and the prestige accorded to generosity. Many topics relevant to modern social and philosophical debate, including the origin of the state and the retributive theory of punishment, are addressed. Parts III and IV deal with more contemporary social andjurisprudential questions. Part III is an economic analysis of privacy and the statutory and common law rules that protect privacy and related interests-rules that include the tort law of privacy, assault and battery, and defamation. Finally, Part IV examines, again from an economic standpoint, the controversial areas of racial and sexual discrimination, with special reference to affirmative action. Both Part III and Part IV develop as a subtheme the issue of proper standards of constitutional adjudication by the Supreme Court.


The Second World War gripped Poland as it did no other country in Europe. Invaded by both Germany and the Soviet Union, it remained under occupation by foreign armies from the first day of the war to the last. The conflict was brutal, as Polish armies battled the enemy on four different fronts. It was on Polish soil that the architects of the Final Solution assembled their most elaborate network of extermination camps, culminating in the deliberate destruction of millions of lives, including three million Polish Jews. In The Eagle Unbowed, Halik Kochanski tells, for the first time, the story of Poland's war in its entirety, a story that captures both the diversity and the depth of the lives of those who endured its horrors. Most histories of the European war focus on the Allies' determination to liberate the continent from the fascist onslaught. Yet the "good war" looks quite different when viewed from Lodz or Krakow than from London or Washington, D.C. Poland emerged from the war trapped behind the Iron Curtain, and it would be nearly a half-century until Poland gained the freedom that its partners had secured with the defeat of Hitler. Rescuing the stories of those who died and those who vanished, those who fought and those who escaped, Kochanski deftly reconstructs the world of wartime Poland in all its complexity--from collaboration to resistance, from expulsion to exile, from Warsaw to Treblinka. The Eagle Unbowed provides in a single volume the first truly comprehensive account of one of the most harrowing periods in modern history.


Do judicial decisions affect the securities markets in discernible and perhaps predictable ways? In other words, is there "law on the market" (LOTM)? This is a question that has been raised by commentators, but answered by very few in a systematic and financially rigorous manner. Using intraday data and a multiday event window, this large scale event study seeks to determine the existence, frequency and magnitude of equity market impacts flowing from Supreme Court decisions. We demonstrate that, while certainly not present in every case, "law on the market" events are fairly common. Across all cases decided by the Supreme Court of the United States between the 1999-2013 terms, we identify 79 cases where the share price of one or more publicly traded company moved in direct response to a Supreme Court decision. In the aggregate, over fifteen years, Supreme Court decisions were responsible for more than 140 billion dollars in absolute changes in wealth. Our analysis not only contributes to our understanding of the political economy of judicial decision making, but also links to the broader set of research exploring the performance in financial markets using event study methods. We conclude by exploring the informational efficiency of law as a market by highlighting the speed at which information from Supreme Court decisions is assimilated by the market. Relatively speaking, LOTM events have historically exhibited slow rates of information incorporation for affected securities. This implies a market ripe for arbitrage where an event-based trading strategy could be successful.


This piece is the Prologue to an _Econ Journal Watch_ symposium entitled, _Property: A Bundle of Rights?_ This Prologue was written to prompt the invited scholars to expound their own criticisms of the bundle-of-rights view, or, as the case may be, to address criticisms out there. The Prologue is written from a staunch yet pragmatic classical liberal perspective. It frames a number of issues, provides a series of quotations, and asks a number of questions intended to prompt the symposium participants. The symposium participants include leading critics of the bundle formulation James E. Penner, Thomas W. Merrill, and Henry E. Smith; younger critics Larissa Katz, Eric R. Claeys, and Adam Mossoff; eminent defenders of the bundle formulation Stephen R. Munzer and Richard A. Epstein; and the renowned property scholar Robert C. Ellickson, who takes a middle position.


Sammandrag In this report we analyze the climate change signal for Sweden in scenarios for the 21 century in a large number of coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs), used in the fourth assessment report by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). We focus on near-surface temperature and precipitation. The analysis includes six emission scenarios as well as multi-member runs with the AOGCMs. At the Rossby Centre, SMHI, regional climate models have been run under different emission scenarios and driven by a few AOGCMs. The results of those runs have been used as a basis in climate change, impact and adaptation assessments. Here, we evaluate results from these regional climate model runs in relation to the climate change signal of the IPCC AOGCMs. First, simulated conditions for the recent past (1961-1990) are evaluated. Generally, most AOGCMs tend to have a cold bias for Sweden, especially in winter that can be as large as 10°C. Also, the coarse resolution of the AOGCMs leads to biases in simulated precipitation, both in averages, extremes and often also in the phase of the seasonal cycle. Generally, AOGCMs overestimate precipitation in winter; biases reach 30-40% or even more. In summer, some AOGCMs overestimate precipitation while others underestimate it. Projected responses depend on season and geographical region. Largest signals are seen in winter and in northern Sweden, where the mean simulated temperature increase among the AOGCMs (and across the emissions scenarios B1, A1B and A2) is nearly 6°C by the end of the century, and precipitation increases by around 25%. In southern Sweden, corresponding values are around +4°C and +11%. In summer, the temperature increase is more moderate, which is also the case for precipitation. The regional climate signals are usually within the ranges given by the AOGCM runs, however, the regional models tends to show larger increases in winter, and smaller increases in summertime precipitation. Key words/sök-, nyckelord Climate change, transient climate scenario, regional climate modelling, Europe, ENSEMBLES Supplementary notes/Tillägg This work has been a part of the MistraSWECIA programme and the EU-project ENSEMBLES (GOCE-CT-2003-505539) Number of pages/Antal sidor


Simulation of turbulent flows in complex geometries is nowadays usually performed by application of grid-based algorithms on parallel computers. In this approach it is not only important to have a clever discretisation and an appropriate grid. One must also use (or develop) algorithms that are convergent and numerically stable. As a final ingredient to success the different work packages of the simulation must be distributed over the set of available processors. This distribution must be performed so as to optimally exploit the computational resources provided by processors, thereby minimising simulation time. Our work will focus on this last optimisation problem and develop models as well solution algorithms for it. To this end we assume that a block structured as well as a suitable simulation algorithm are fixed and look for an optimal mapping of blocks to processors. We restrict ourselves to block structured grids for two reasons: one the one hand, this class of grids is most widely used in simulation of turbulent flows in complex geometries. On the other hand block structured grids can be partitioned into a relatively small number of blocks and the mapping problem can be restricted to the set of blocks. This last aspect allows application of integer programming methods to find optimal mappings. As opposed to standard approaches in the literature, we not only aim at balancing computational load over the processors, but also consider communication overhead induced by data dependencies between blocks mapped to different processors. The communication model we apply is an exact representation of the restrictions our hardware imposes on inter-processor communication. Seeking to minimise simulation time leads to a highly complex combinatorial optimisation problem the solution of which is the aim of our work. To this end we formulate the problem as integer program. Since it is a new problem that has – to the best of our knowledge – not been investigated in the literature we do not stick with a single optimisation model. Instead, we propose different formulations and consider tradeoffs between them. Finally, we investigate the polyhedra defined by the various integer programs in order to implement the valid and facet-defining inequalities found in Branch-and-Cut algorithms. As we cannot expect to solve large problem instances by integer programming methods in an acceptable amount of time, we also develop several local-search heuristics that produce good solutions in a reasonable amount of time. Computational results show that our models and solution algorithms – both of which are dedicated to a certain hardware model – are highly superior to generic approaches described in the literature. We were thus able to improve the usage of CPU resources during simulation of turbulent flows in complex geometries. Let us finally remark that our approach is not limited to this concrete application of finite-element or finite-volume procedures. Instead it can be applied in any situations where small or block structured grids arise and the hardware model is at least similar to the one assumed in our work.


On August 5, 2014, the Federal Reserve Board and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation criticized shortcomings in the Resolution Plans of the first Systematically Important Financial Institution (SIFI) filers. In his public statement, FDIC Vice Chairman Thomas M. Hoenig said "each plan [submitted by the first 11 filers] is deficient and fails to convincingly demonstrate how, in failure, any one of these firms could overcome obstacles to entering bankruptcy without precipitating a financial crisis."The first eleven SIFIs — Bank of America, Bank of New York Mellon, Barclays, Citigroup, Credit Suisse, Deutsche Bank, Goldman Sachs, JPMorgan Chase, Morgan Stanley, State Street Corp. and UBS — include some of the largest organizations in the world, with sophisticated internal and external teams of professional advisors. According to Jamie Dimon of JPMorgan Chase in 2013, it took 500 professionals over 1 million hours per year to produce JPMorgan Chase's annual Resolution plan. With regulatory pressure increasing, that number is likely to be consistent or increasing across first-wave filers, and suggests significant spending by all filers.So why were the plans criticized despite heavy compliance investment?The Fed and FDIC identified two common shortcomings across the first 11 SIFI filers: "(i) assumptions that the agencies regard as unrealistic or inadequately supported, such as assumptions about the likely behavior of customers, counterparties, investors, central clearing facilities, and regulators, and (ii) the failure to make, or even to identify, the kinds of changes in firm structure and practices that would be necessary to enhance the prospects for orderly resolution." We believe this regulatory response highlights, in part, the need for lawyers (and other advisors) to develop approaches that can better manage complexity, encompassing modern notions of design, use of technology, and management of complex systems. In this paper, we will describe the information mapping aspects of the Resolution Planning challenge as an exemplary "Manhattan Project" of law: a critical enterprise that will require — and trigger — the development of new tools and methods for lawyers to apply in their work handling complex problems without resort to unsustainably swelling workforce, and wasteful diversion of resources. Fortunately, much of this approach has already been developed in innovative Silicon Valley legal departments and has been applied by leading banks. Although much of the focus of the Dodd-Frank Act is on re-organizing and simplifying banks, we will focus here on the information architecture issues which underlie much of what should — and will — change about how law is delivered, not just for Resolution Planning, but more broadly.


Various studies reveal the paradox of farmers' local knowledge. Farmers are equipped with traditional cosmology and detailed empirical knowledge of their agricultural habitats. However, these same knowledge frameworks seem to contribute to entrapping farmers in a mind-set that prevents them from understanding the diverse unintended consequences of changes in their environment. To avoid this, we utilize the learning arena of science field shops (SFSs) to help farmers better understand the relationships at work from the "clouds to the roots and in between", and to address ongoing changes and vulnerabilities in the environment. This article seeks to explain the changes that occurred to farmers following the learning they acquired from SFSs and its impact on their anticipation and decision making.


Organization's size is determined by number of its employees, the largeness of its operation, and its market reach and share. It also poses a very different challenge for the organization's leaders, while small organizations are build for innovation, large are meant for operational efficiency. The skills necessary for entrepreneurship are quite different from that of running a large and diverse organization, large organizations requires more concern for people, controlling specialized departments and a talent for sensing issues buried deep in the organization.


Java Enterprise Applications (JEAs) are complex software systems written using multiple technologies. Moreover they are usually distributed systems and use a database to deal with persistence. A particular problem that appears in the design of these systems is the lack of a rich business model. In this paper we propose a technique to support the recovery of such rich business objects starting from anemic Data Transfer Objects (DTOs). Exposing the code duplications in the application's elements using the DTOs we suggest which business logic can be moved into the DTOs from the other classes.


Armstrong, Kelley.  The Rising . Toronto: HarperTeen, 2013. Print. Ontario-based award-winning writer Kelley Armstrong, author of the  New York Times and  Globe and Mail bestselling Darkest Powers young adult urban fantasy trilogy, brings us the third and final title of her  Darkness Rising trilogy.  The first in the trilogy, 2011's  The Gathering , was  previously reviewed in the inaugural issue of Deakin, Vol. 1 No 1 and the second, The Calling , was reviewed in Vol. 2 No. 4 . As with the previous book in the trilogy, this book is not meant to be read on its own, as again the author's recap on events and characters is minimal. I felt the need to revisit the second book and familiarize myself with the plot before I started in on The Rising as it had been a year between books , the price of being a fan of series fiction. Sixteen-year-old supernatural, Maya Delaney, and her fellow supe friends are assumed dead after an apparent helicopter rescue-turned-crash leaves them running for their lives.  With no one they can trust to turn to, the teens are truly in harm's way as their supernatural abilities start careening out of control. Corey's headaches are increasing, Nicole's mental state is fragile at best and even Maya is concerned that she herself may be regressing. Like it or not, the friends need assistance from the rival networks that seek to exploit their abilities. Maya's biological father, Calvin Antone, plays a larger role in this book and again, his intentions are often unclear. The intensifying romance of the previous book does indeed lead to the expected supernatural YA love triangle, but it feels forced and formulaic, as if the author's fans would expect it and so it was hastily written in. There is a continued lack of storyline that seems to centre around the characters' need to run and hide, which is echoed in Armstrong's other works. I am giving this book three stars out of four because true Armstrong fans will enjoy the series as a whole as well as the tie-in to well-loved characters in her Darkest Powers trilogy and devour it regardless of its limitations.  The epilogue will be particularly satisfying. I would not be surprised to learn of yet another spin-off series with Maya or some of the new characters introduced in the series. Recommended: 3 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Debbie Feisst Debbie is a Public Services Librarian at the H.T. Coutts Education Library at the University of Alberta.  When not renovating, she enjoys travel, fitness and young adult fiction.


A central goal of the Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine is the development of clinical protocols for managing common medical problems that may impact breastfeeding success. These protocols serve only as guidelines for the care of breastfeeding mothers and infants and do not delineate an exclusive course of treatment or serve as standards of medical care. Variations in treatment may be appropriate according to the needs of an individual patient.


This study intends to contribute to the ongoing discussion on whether land use and land cover changes (LULC) or climate trends have the major influence on the observed increase of flood magnitudes in the Sahel. A simulation-based approach is used for attributing the observed trends to the postulated drivers. For this purpose, the ecohydrological model SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model) with a new, dynamic LULC module was set up for the Sahelian part of the Niger River until Niamey, including the main tributaries Sirba and Goroul. The model was driven with observed, reanalyzed climate and LULC data for the years 1950–2009. In order to quantify the shares of influence, one simulation was carried out with constant land cover as of 1950, and one including LULC. As quantitative measure, the gradients of the simulated trends were compared to the observed trend. The modeling studies showed that for the Sirba River only the simulation which included LULC was able to reproduce the observed trend. The simulation without LULC showed a positive trend for flood magnitudes, but underestimated the trend significantly. For the Goroul River and the local flood of the Niger River at Niamey, the simulations were only partly able to reproduce the observed trend. In conclusion, the new LULC module enabled some first quantitative insights into the relative influence of LULC and climatic changes. For the Sirba catchment, the results imply that LULC and climatic changes contribute in roughly equal shares to the observed increase in flooding. For the other parts of the subcatchment, the results are less clear but show, that climatic changes and LULC are drivers for the flood increase; however their shares cannot be quantified. Based on these modeling results, we argue for a two-pillar adaptation strategy to reduce current and future flood risk: Flood mitigation for reducing LULC-induced flood increase, and flood adaptation for a general reduction of flood vulnerability.


We present a new type of 3D printer that can form precise, but soft and deformable 3D objects from layers of off-the-shelf fabric. Our printer employs an approach where a sheet of fabric forms each layer of a 3D object. The printer cuts this sheet along the 2D contour of the layer using a laser cutter and then bonds it to previously printed layers using a heat sensitive adhesive. Surrounding fabric in each layer is temporarily retained to provide a removable support structure for layers printed above it. This process is repeated to build up a 3D object layer by layer. Our printer is capable of automatically feeding two separate fabric types into a single print. This allows specially cut layers of conductive fabric to be embedded in our soft prints. Using this capability we demonstrate 3D models with touch sensing capability built into a soft print in one complete printing process, and a simple LED display making use of a conductive fabric coil for wireless power reception.


The Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) onboard Deep Space Climate Observatory provides 10 narrowband spectral images of the sunlit side of the Earth. The blue (443 nm), green (551 nm), and red (680 nm) channels are used to derive EPIC broadband radiances based upon narrowband‐to‐broadband regressions developed using collocated MODIS equivalent channels and Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) broadband measurements. The pixel‐level EPIC broadband radiances are averaged to provide global daytime means at all applicable EPIC times. They are converted to global daytime mean shortwave (SW) fluxes by accounting for the anisotropy characteristics using a cloud property composite based on lower Earth orbiting satellite imager retrievals and the CERES angular distribution models (ADMs). Global daytime mean SW fluxes show strong diurnal variations with daily maximum‐minimum differences as great as 20 W/m2 depending on the conditions of the sunlit portion of the Earth. The EPIC SW fluxes are compared against the CERES SYN1deg hourly SW fluxes. The global monthly mean differences (EPIC‐SYN) between them range from 0.1 W/m2 in July to −4.1 W/m2 in January, and the RMS errors range from 3.2 to 5.2 W/m2. Daily mean EPIC and SYN fluxes calculated using concurrent hours agree with each other to within 2% and both show a strong annual cycle. The SW flux agreement is within the calibration and algorithm uncertainties, which indicates that the method developed to calculate the global anisotropic factors from the CERES ADMs is robust and that the CERES ADMs accurately account for the Earth's anisotropy in the near‐backscatter direction.


Abstract In the last months, the world's economies were confronted with the largest economic recession since the Great Depression. The occurrence of a worldwide financial market meltdown as a consequence originally stemming from of the crisis in the US subprime housing sector was only prevented by extraordinary monetary and fiscal policy measures implemented at the international level. Although the world economy seems now to be slowing recovering, it is worthwhile exploring the fragility and potentially destabilizing feedbacks of advanced macroeconomies in the context of Keynesian macro models. Fragilities and destabilizing feedback mechanisms are known to be potential features of all markets—the product markets, the labor market, and the financial markets. In this paper we focus in particular on the financial market. We use a Tobin-like macroeconomic portfolio approach, and the interaction of heterogeneous agents on the financial market to characterize the potential instability of the financial markets. Though the study of the latter has been undertaken in many partial models, we focus here on the interconnectedness of all three markets. Furthermore, we also study how labor market, fiscal and monetary policies can stabilize unstable macroeconomies. Besides other stabilizing policies we in particular propose a countercyclical monetary policy that sells assets in the boom and purchases assets in recessions. Modern stability analysis is brought to bear to demonstrate the stabilizing effects of those suggested policies.


Pregnancy related pelvic pain (PRPP) refers to musculoskeletal type of persistent posterior pelvic pain during and after pregnancy with feature of reduced endurance capacity for standing, walking and sitting which leads to severe discomfort and considerable impairment of daily activities. Objective: To test the effect of pressure biofeedback stabilizer training, on the pain and dysfunction of a thirty year old subject who presented with PRPP. Study design: Single case design. Outcome variables: Oswestry pain and disability index, TrA efficacy. Methodology: An initial assessment was followed by treatment sessions which consist of 2 phases (Phase A & Phase B). The baseline phase (A) consists of conventional therapeutic exercises while the intervention phase (B) consists of pressure biofeedback training in conjunction with the conventional therapeutic exercises. Result: The study data demonstrated that the subject showed minimal improvement in pain, disability and TrA efficacy during the baseline phase and shown a steady improvement in all these variables during the intervention phase. Conclusion: Core muscle performance (TrA) can be retrained with pressure biofeedback stabilization training program in subject with PRPP thereby reducing pain and disability.


BACKGROUND
Quit and Win contests were developed in the 1980s by the Minnesota Heart Health Program, and have been widely used since then as a population-based smoking cessation intervention at local, national and international level. Since 1994 an international contest has been held every two years in as many as 80 countries (2002).

OBJECTIVES
To determine whether quit and win contests can deliver higher long-term quit rates than baseline community quit rates. To assess the impact of such programmes, we considered both the quit rates achieved by participants, and the population impact, which takes into account the proportion of the target population entering the contest.

SEARCH STRATEGY
We searched the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register, with additional searches of MEDLINE (January 1966 to September 2004), EMBASE (180 to 2004/8), CINAHL (1982 to 2004/8) and PsycINFO (1872 to 2004/6). Search terms included competition*, quit and win, quit to win, contest*, prize*.

SELECTION CRITERIA
We considered randomized controlled trials, allocating individuals or communities to experimental or control conditions. We also considered controlled studies with baseline and post-intervention measures.

DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data were extracted by one author and checked by the second. We contacted study authors for additional data where necessary. The main outcome measure was abstinence from smoking for at least six months from the start of the intervention. We used the most rigorous definition of abstinence in each trial, and biochemically validated rates where available. We decided against performing a meta-analysis, because of the heterogeneity of the included studies, and the small number of scientifically valid studies.

MAIN RESULTS
Four studies met our inclusion criteria. Three demonstrated significantly higher quit rates (8% to 20%) for the quit and win group than for the control group at the 12-month assessment. However, the population impact measure, where available, suggests that the effect of contests on community prevalence of smoking is small, with fewer than one in 500 smokers quitting because of the contest. Levels of deception, where they could be quantified, were high. Although surveys suggest that international quit and win contests may be effective, especially in developing countries, the lack of controlled studies precludes any firm conclusions from this review.

AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Quit and win contests at local and regional level appear to deliver quit rates above baseline community rates, although the population impact of the contests seems to be relatively low. Contests may be subject to levels of deception which could compromise the validity of the intervention. International contests may prove to be an effective mechanism, particularly in developing countries, but a lack of well-designed comparative studies precludes any firm conclusions.


The digital era has generated a huge amount of data on the identities (profiles) of people, organizations and other entities in a digital format, largely consisting of textual documents such as news articles, encyclopedias, personal websites, books, and social media. Identity has thus been transformed from a philosophical to a societal issue, one requiring robust computational tools to determine entity identity in text. Computational systems developed to establish identity in text often struggle with long-tail cases. This book investigates how Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques for establishing the identity of long-tail entities – which are all infrequent in communication, hardly represented in knowledge bases, and potentially very ambiguous – can be improved through the use of background knowledge. Topics covered include: distinguishing tail entities from head entities; assessing whether current evaluation datasets and metrics are representative for long-tail cases; improving evaluation of long-tail cases; accessing and enriching knowledge on long-tail entities in the Linked Open Data cloud; and investigating the added value of background knowledge ("profiling") models for establishing the identity of NIL entities. Providing novel insights into an under-explored and difficult NLP challenge, the book will be of interest to all those working in the field of entity identification in text.


In this paper, a prototype of a new generation of Raman spectrometers, based on the use of a monochromator, a digital micromirror device as light modulator, and a photomultiplier tube as detector of the Raman light, is described. This spectrometer, containing no moving parts, is inexpensive, robust, and very precise. New in concept, this spectrometer makes it possible to record, in addition to classical Raman spectra, the intensity at several selected points of the spectrum and/or the total intensity in several selected intervals at the same time with great accuracy, thus giving new possibilities for analytical applications. Also, the work presented demonstrates the possibilities of this very simple prototype for rapid on-line industrial analysis, with an example of quantitative analysis of binary and ternary mixtures of xylene isomers. The precision obtained is satisfactory (errors of prediction ∼3% in 5–6 seconds per sample).


Derivatives are commonly defined as some variation of the following: a financial instrument whose value is derived from the performance of a secondary source such as an underlying bond, commodity or index. But this definition is both over-inclusive and under-inclusive. Thus, not surprisingly, derivatives are largely misunderstood, including by many policy makers, regulators and legal analysts. It is important for interested parties such as policy makers to understand derivatives, because the types and uses of derivatives have exploded in the last few decades, and because these financial instruments can provide both social benefits and cause social harms. This Article presents a framework for understanding modern derivatives by identifying the characteristics all derivatives share.All derivatives are contracts between two counterparties in which the payoffs to and from each counterparty depend on the outcome of one or more extrinsic, future, uncertain event or metric and in which each counterparty expects such outcome to be opposite to that expected by the other counterparty. The framework presented in this Article will facilitate the development of more rational and comprehensive derivatives regulations, including (i) those required under the recently enacted Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010 (the Dodd-Frank Act) and (ii) those addressing the particular risks associated with "purely speculative derivatives," (those in which neither party is hedging a pre-existing risk).


The last couple of years have marked the entire field of information technology with the introduction of a new global resource, called data. Certainly, one can argue that large amounts of information and highly interconnected and complex datasets were available since the dawn of the computer and even centuries before. However, it has been only a few years since digital data has exponentially expended, diversified and interconnected into an overwhelming range of domains, generating an entire universe of zeros and ones. This universe represents a source of information with the potential of advancing a multitude of fields and sparking valuable insights. In order to obtain this information, this data needs to be explored, analyzed and interpreted.

While a large set of problems can be addressed through automatic techniques from fields like artificial intelligence, machine learning or computer vision, there are various datasets and domains that still rely on the human intuition and experience in order to parse and discover hidden information. In such instances, the data is usually structured and represented in the form of an interactive visual representation that allows users to efficiently explore the data space and reach valuable insights. However, the experience, knowledge and intuition of a single person also has its limits. To address this, collaborative visualizations allow multiple users to communicate, interact and explore a visual representation by building on the different views and knowledge blocks contributed by each person.

In this dissertation, we explore the potential of subjective measurements and user emotional awareness in collaborative scenarios as well as support flexible and user- centered collaboration in information visualization systems running on tabletop displays. We commence by introducing the concept of user-centered collaborative visualization (UCCV) and highlighting the context in which it applies. We continue with a thorough overview of the state-of-the-art in the areas of collaborative information visualization, subjectivity measurement and emotion visualization, combinable tabletop tangibles, as well as browsing history visualizations. Based on a new web browser history visualization for exploring user parallel browsing behavior, we introduce two novel user-centered techniques for supporting collaboration in co-located visualization systems. To begin with, we inspect the particularities of detecting user subjectivity through brain-computer interfaces, and present two emotion visualization techniques for touch and desktop interfaces. These visualizations offer real-time or post-task feedback about the users' affective states, both in single-user and collaborative settings, thus increasing the emotional self-awareness and the awareness of other users' emotions. For supporting collaborative interaction, a novel design for tabletop tangibles is described together with a set of specifically developed interactions for supporting tabletop collaboration. These ring-shaped tangibles minimize occlusion, support touch interaction, can act as interaction lenses, and describe logical operations through nesting operations. The visualization and the two UCCV techniques are each evaluated individually capturing a set of advantages and limitations of each approach. Additionally, the collaborative visualization supported by the two UCCV techniques is also collectively evaluated in three user studies that offer insight into the specifics of interpersonal interaction and task transition in collaborative visualization. The results show that the proposed collaboration support techniques do not only improve the efficiency of the visualization, but also help maintain the collaboration process and aid a balanced social interaction.


Since the advent of the computer, terminology management can be carried out by almost anyone who has learnt to use a computer. Terminology management has proved to be an efficient tool in international communications in industry, education and international organisations. Software packages are readily available and international corporations often have their own terminology database. Following these developments, translators and terminologists are confronted with a specialised form of information management involving compilation and standardisation of vocabulary, storage, retrieval and updating. A Practical Course in Terminology Processing provides the key to methods of terminology management for the English language, for general and specific purposes. This unique course has been developed on the basis of years of teaching experience and research at the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST, UK) and is particularly suitable for translation courses, freelance translators, technical writers, as well as for non-linguists who are confronted with terminology processing as part of their profession. The 1996 reprint of the paperback edition includes an index.


Metastudy introduces a systematically aggregated interpretive portrayal of a body of literature, based on saturation and the synthesis of findings. In this metastudy, the authors examined qualitative studies addressing psychosocial adaptation to childhood chronic health conditions, published over a 30-year period (1970–2000). They describe metastudy processes, including study identification, strategies for study search and retrieval, adjudication of difference in study design and rigor, and analysis of findings. They also illustrate metastudy components through examples drawn from this project and discuss implications for practice and recommendations.


Developing entrepreneurship spirit between students is one of the most important planning goals in every university. In order to developing entrepreneurial spirit and skills between students, every university has to possess appropriate organizational climate. Organizational climate reflects the employees' perceptions and perspectives of university as organization and shows the values, the beliefs and the attitudes that help the university work to positive changes. Based on the importance of relationship between organizational climate and developing entrepreneurial spirit especially between students, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between organizational climate of the university and students' entrepreneurial spirit. The correlational research was designed to determine the degree of relationship between variables. The statistical population of this study was all postgraduate students of Isfahan of University. Total of students participated in survey included 120 female and 100 male students in 2011. Two  instruments- organizational climate questionnaire which was adopted from Halpin and Craft's and the researcher-developed questionnaire regarding entrepreneurial spiritweredistributed between participants. Reliability coefficient for questionnaire of the organizational climate was 83% and for questionnaire of entrepreneurial spirit was 89%. Inferential statistics were used to answer the research questions. The findings indicated that there is a significant relationship between organizational climate and students' entrepreneurship spirit. According to the results of multiple regression analysis held between sub-dimensions of organizational climate and students' entrepreneurship spirit, the findings proved the fact that organizational climate have a significant relationship with creativity, internal control and the achievement; however, it did not relate significantly with risk-taking and autonomy.


'I was born in a sprawling house by the Yamuna River in Delhi. When I was a few minutes old, Grandmother welcomed me into the world by writing 'Om', which means 'I am' in Sanskrit, on my tongue with a little finger dipped in honey. When the family priest arrived to draw up my horoscope, he scribbled astrological symbols on a long scroll and set down a name for me, Indrani, or 'queen of the heavens'. My father ignored him completely and proclaimed my name was to be Madhur ('sweet as honey').' So begins Madhur Jaffrey's enchanting memoir of her childhood in India. Her description of growing up in a very large, wealthy family (half a train was booked to transport the family from Delhi to the mountains for the summer) conjures up the spirit of a long-lost age. Whether climbing the mango trees in her grandparents' orchard, armed with a mixture of salt, pepper, red chillies and roasted cumin, or enjoying picnics in the foothills of the Himalayas, reached by foot, rickshaw, palanquin or horse, where meatballs stuffed with sultanas and mint leaves, cauliflowers flavoured with ginger and coriander, and spiced pooris with hot green mango pickle were devoured, food forms a major leitmotiv of this beautifully written memoir. With recipes drawn from memories of dinners, lunches, breakfasts, weddings and picnics, moving effortlessly from the lamb meatballs of Moghul emperors to the tamarind chutneys of the streets, this book will appeal to keen armchair cooks, as well as fans of Madhur, the world over.


"In Vogue" is a fascinating look at the history of the world's most influential magazine. The complete compendium is illustrated with hundreds of covers and archival interiors of past "Vogue" editions, featuring the work of some of the twentieth century's most respected artists, cover illustrators, and photographers from Edward Steichen, Toni Frissell, and Erwin Blumenfeld to Irving Penn, Richard Avedon, David Bailey, Helmut Newton, Annie Leibovitz, Mario Testino, Steven Klein, Bruce Webber, and Herb Ritts. In 1909, an entrepreneurial New Yorker named Conde Nast took charge of a struggling society journal and transformed it into the most glamorous fashion magazine of the twentieth century. "In Vogue" traces the history, development and influence of this media colossus from its beginning as a social gazette in the late nineteenth century, to the exploration of modern fashion photography and new visuals in the mid-twentieth century, to its status as the top style magazine today. The book explains the makings of the magazine from runways, to editorial meetings, to the pages of "Vogue."The thoroughly researched story incorporates first-person accounts, interviews with editors and photographers, and excerpts from stories written in the magazine by many world-renowned writers, including Truman Capote, Aldous Huxley, Richard Burton, Federico Fellini, and Marcello Mastroianni. Unparalleled in its scope and exceptionally illustrated, "In Vogue" is sure to be among the most important publications on the subjects of culture, art, fashion, photography, and media."


Description: Analysis of The Coca-Cola Company' is a complete and comprehensive analysis of The Coca-Cola Company, which includes an overview of the industry the company operates in, a PEST Framework Analysis of the industry, and then moves on to analyzing the company itself. This company analysis includes a history of The Coca-Cola Company, a business segment analysis of the segments The Coca-Cola Company operates through, a look at the organization structure of the company, a geographical operating segments analysis, and an analysis of the company's major competitors. A financial analysis of The Coca-Cola Company is presented in the report which includes a ratio analysis, basic profit and loss analysis, presentation of the company balance sheet, and much more.


As known, to finish this book, you may not need to get it at once in a day. Doing the activities along the day may make you feel so bored. If you try to force reading, you may prefer to do other entertaining activities. But, one of concepts we want you to have this book is that it will not make you feel bored. Feeling bored when reading will be only unless you don't like the book. imaging science really offers what everybody wants.


Hobbie, Holly. Gem .  New York: Little, Brown, 2012. Print. When we are stuck in a long, cold winter, the beauty of spring seems almost like another world. The story of Gem is told wordlessly, although it is set between two letters shared between Hobbie and her granddaughter Hope.  The pictures convey the beauty and possibilities of spring, as well as the curiosity and compassion of a young girl, but the letters are key to understanding the heart behind the story. We are introduced to Gem in a letter from Hobbie to her granddaughter Hope, explaining that the long winter had inspired her to think about spring and the toad that Hope had discovered the previous year.  Hobby has spent the winter painting the journey that Gem, the toad, may have experienced on his way to Hobbie's garden.  We then meet Gem, as he emerges in the spring and experiences a world full of danger, beauty, mating, and humans.  Hobbie's expressive toad hops through the pages, at times surrounded by the radiance of spring and at times highlighted on a clean, white background.  Her use of watercolour, pen, and ink allows for lively paintings with detailed images of main characters.  We cheer as Gem escapes run-ins with a vehicle and a hawk, and smile as he finds himself surrounded by his lively offspring.  We eventually witness as Hope finds Gem in the garden, releasing him after an inquisitive encounter.  The closing images show us the toad enjoying his freedom in the evening light, reaffirming that Hope has made a kind decision.  The book closes with a letter from Hope to her grandmother, thanking her for the book and thoughtfully concluding that "Toads are not pets.  They want to be free, like everything does". Hobbie, author of the popular Toot & Puddle series, showcases her ability to tell a moving story through her vivid artwork.  Although Gem is targeted at the two-to-five age range, it could also be used with older children when discussing topics such as spring, nature, and the environment. Gem transports readers to a world of beauty and compassion, perhaps a place in which we all need to spend a little more time. Recommended:  3 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Hali Hamel Hali Hamel is a teacher-librarian at Perdue School in Prairie Spirit School Division and is also a graduate student in the University of Alberta's TLDL program.  She lives in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, where she is enjoying the thrill of rediscovering the world with her young daughter.


College years can be very stressful, as they are uncertain times. Sense of coherence and physical activity are known to reduce levels of stress. A sample of 1185 college students revealed that sense of coherence and perceived stress were related to overall health, fewer unhealthy days, as well as fewer days of limited activity, and lower levels of perceived stress. Physical activity was related to overall general health and mental health days. Implications for higher education administration are discussed.


Agrobiont spider species are well adapted to arable systems, which have fairly uniform vegetation structure and pest assemblages over continent-wide areas. We wanted to study, whether agrobiont spider sub- assemblages and the life history of the most prominent agrobiont, Pardosa agrestis, show any regional variation within Hungary, where only modest climatic differences exist between the NW and SE parts of the country. We studied agrobiont species of spider assemblages in 27 alfalfa and 21 cereal fields with suction sampling and pitfalls. The similarity structure of these agrobiont sub-assemblages (Sorensen distance measure) was congruent with the geographic distance matrices (Eucledian distance), as tested by Mantel tests. However, if we considered sub-assemblages consisting of the non-agrobiont species, this congruency was always higher. Thus, agrobionts responded only moderately to geographical variation if we compare them to non-agrobiont species. We studied the generation numbers and the occurrence of the first adult individuals in P. agrestis; the most common agrobiont spider in Hungary. This comparison involved comparing fields along a NW - SE gradient during 6 sampling years in pairwise comparisons, where in each year a northern and a southern population was compared with a minimum distance of 126 km in between. In generation numbers there was no difference; we found two generations across Hungary. In contrast, the first occurrence of adult individuals was on average 15 days earlier in both generations in the more southern populations. Thus, it can be concluded that agrobionts show a fairly stable and relatively low magnitude response over country-sized geographical ranges.


The sessile nature of plants determines that they tolerate rather than escape from
environmental changes. Therefore, studying plant responses to ultraviolet radiation (UV) is
important for understanding how plants respond to environmental challenges. Although
numerous UV responses have been reported, little is known about the genetics controlling
quantitative natural variation in those UV responses. To address this question, I examined
morphological UV responses in maize (Zea mays). First, dose-response and reciprocity
experiments were conducted to find a standard experimental UV dose of six hours per day for
four days. Second, a 84 subset of 94 mapping lines from the recombinant inbred of maize (IBM)
population was planted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design. Maize UV responses
including ratio of leaf rolling, plant height, dry weight of second and third leaf, and dry weight of
root, were compared for "control" and "UV" environments. A composite interval mapping
(CIM) analysis detected 12 significant quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting at least one of five
traits. A total of 8 significant QTL were identified by multitrait composite interval mapping
(MCIM). Only two QTL were detected by both CIM and MCIM. The allelic sensitivity model
was supported most often. Genome-wide QTL mapping is an efficient way to generate a more
complete understanding of the genetic basis of plant responses to UV irradiation.


Statistical methods have provided insight into the post-1860 fertility decline, but the deeper explanations lie in the choices of individuals, shaped by the cultures of local communities. This thesis combines the use of statistical and qualitative information, each form of enquiry guiding the other. It gains analytical strength by comparing three differing towns, Bradford, Leeds and Middlesbrough. Relationships between culture, employment, and fertility are examined by studying differences in local cultures and local labour markets, including female and child employment. The main argument of the thesis is for the impact of rising expectations about how a working-class family should live, underestimated by existing accounts. Working-class parents pursued higher living standards, not to emulate the better-off but, for example, to give their children better lives than they had experienced. To make these goals achievable, they chose to have fewer children, allowing more resources and attention for each family member. Such an explanation places a new stress on the nature of rising working-class consumption.

In all three towns, evidence is put forward for a strong growth in expectations about standards. This is demonstrated in relation to diet, housing, clothing, and leisure: the impacts of compulsory education and changing views of family life are also shown. The thesis shows that mothers and fathers came to see family limitation as a necessary part of pursuing these standards. Differences between the towns mainly reflect the varying frequency of female full-time work. Expectations of rising living standards placed the greatest pressures on working mothers, who had to pursue them by both wage labour and domestic labour. This made them the most susceptible to the appeal of family limitation. The study also shows, however, that fathers too had incentives to family limitation, which previous studies have underestimated.

For sources, qualitative evidence comes from cheap local newspapers with a substantial working-class readership. These new sources make evidence available which has never previously been used in research into the fertility decline. This is also true of the Bradford and Middlesbrough oral history collections used here. Materials in the Burnett Archive of Working-Class Autobiographies at Brunel University are also utilised. Use is made, too, of advice literature directed at the working class of the three towns, and reports of social conditions by, for example, doctors and social reformers. These materials are combined with quantitative evidence from the registration of births, Census Reports, Parliamentary Papers, and the Census Enumerators' Books.

This thesis is significant because it is one of a surprisingly small number of studies which investigate the cultural causes of the fertility decline, a need identified by leading researchers. By placing attention, as it should, on the behaviour of the majority rather than better-researched elites, the thesis brings new sources such as cheap newspapers into the study of the fertility decline. Above all, its description of rising expectations about consumption and their impact sheds new light on the causes of the fertility decline, drawing attention to the adoption by working-class people of more demanding goals for the quality of family life, which they met with a shift to smaller families.


When readers read, it is all too easy to sink back into the comfort zone of
suspended disbelief and uncritical thought. Readers may find that they are
outraged or reassured over what they read, without taking the time to reflect on
why the text is affecting them the way that it does or to discover if the text is even
accurately portraying a situation.
This thesis will review and discuss how scotosis, defined by Paula
Mathieu as a "rationalized [act] of selective blindness that [occurs] by allowing
information to be discounted or unexamined" (114-115), operates within the
framework of the novel by Kaye Gibbons, Ellen Foster. In this novel, Ellen
repeatedly denigrates the character, Aunt Nadine. Readers are led to condemn
Nadine as a bad character, based solely on the way Ellen presents her. The
reality is that Nadine tries to assist Ellen on several different occasions.
Selective blindness can be discerned when the following questions are
asked of the text: What is problematic about Ellen as a narrator? How are the
characters framed? What assumptions are we asked to make? What facts are
we asked to ignore? What are we expected to dismiss? At the end of this thesis,
the story of Ellen Foster will be told from Aunt Nadine's point of view, to show
how radically perspective can change the tone of a story and how pertinent
information can be dismissed by a reader.


American universities today serve as economic engines, performing the scientific research that will create new industries, drive economic growth, and keep the United States globally competitive. But only a few decades ago, these same universities self-consciously held themselves apart from the world of commerce. Creating the Market University is the first book to systematically examine why academic science made such a dramatic move toward the market. Drawing on extensive historical research, Elizabeth Popp Berman shows how the government--influenced by the argument that innovation drives the economy--brought about this transformation. Americans have a long tradition of making heroes out of their inventors. But before the 1960s and '70s neither policymakers nor economists paid much attention to the critical economic role played by innovation. However, during the late 1970s, a confluence of events--industry concern with the perceived deterioration of innovation in the United States, a growing body of economic research on innovation's importance, and the stagnation of the larger economy--led to a broad political interest in fostering invention. The policy decisions shaped by this change were diverse, influencing arenas from patents and taxes to pensions and science policy, and encouraged practices that would focus specifically on the economic value of academic science. By the early 1980s, universities were nurturing the rapid growth of areas such as biotech entrepreneurship, patenting, and university-industry research centers. Contributing to debates about the relationship between universities, government, and industry, Creating the Market University sheds light on how knowledge and politics intersect to structure the economy


Book Kings Cross Studios London at Discounted Rates. Check Availability, View Photos, Reviews and Facilities. Enjoy free Wi-Fi, Maid service, Kitchens and more.


ABSTRACT This paper presents a framework to assess the cultural sustainability of Aboriginal tourism in British Columbia, which meets must take into account the protection of human rights, good self-governance, identity, control of land, the tourism product's authenticity, and a market-ready tourism product. These criteria are specified by two indicators each. The cultural sustainability framework was generated by triangulating qualitative research methods like experts' interviews, secondary research, and participant and non-participant observations. This paper is thus conceptual in nature and inductive in its approach. It partly leverages a collaborative approach, as it includes interviewees in an iterative research loop. Furthermore, the paper shows why cultural sustainability is a determinant of the success of Aboriginal tourism.


Why is Memphis home to hundreds of motor carrier terminals and distribution centers? Why does the tiny island-nation of Singapore handle a fifth of the world's maritime containers and half the world's annual supply of crude oil? Which jobs can replace lost manufacturing jobs in advanced economies? Some of the answers to these questions are rooted in the phenomenon of logistics clusters--geographically concentrated sets of logistics-related business activities. In this book, supply chain management expert Yossi Sheffi explains why Memphis, Singapore, Chicago, Rotterdam, Los Angeles, and scores of other locations have been successful in developing such clusters while others have not. Sheffi outlines the characteristic "positive feedback loop" of logistics clusters development and what differentiates them from other industrial clusters; how logistics clusters "add value" by generating other industrial activities; why firms should locate their distribution and value-added activities in logistics clusters; and the proper role of government support, in the form of investment, regulation, and trade policy. Sheffi also argues for the most important advantage offered by logistics clusters in today's recession-plagued economy: jobs, many of them open to low-skilled workers, that are concentrated locally and not "offshorable." These logistics clusters offer what is rare in today's economy: authentic success stories. For this reason, numerous regional and central governments as well as scores of real estate developers are investing in the development of such clusters.


Discover WTP, the New End-to-End Toolset for Java-Based Web DevelopmentThe Eclipse Web Tools Platform (WTP) seamlessly integrates all the tools today's Java Web developer needs. WTP is both an unprecedented Open Source resource for working developers and a powerful foundation for state-of-the-art commercial products.Eclipse Web Tools Platform offers in-depth descriptions of every tool included in WTP, introducing powerful capabilities never before available in Eclipse. The authors cover the entire Web development processi??from defining Web application architectures and development processes through testing and beyond. And if you're seeking to extend WTP, this book provides an introduction to the platform's rich APIs. The book also Presents step-by-step coverage of developing persistence, business logic, and presentation tiers with WTP and Java Introduces best practices for multiple styles of Web and Java EE development Demonstrates JDBC database access and configuration Shows how to configure application servers for use with WTP Walks through creating Web service application interfaces Covers automated testing with JUnit and Cactus, and automated builds utilizing Ant, Maven, and CruiseControl Introduces testing and profiling Web applications with the Eclipse Test and Performance Tools Platform (TPTP) project Describes how to extend WTP with new servers, file types, and WSDL extensions Foreword Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors Part I: Getting Started Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: About the Eclipse Web Tools Platform Project Chapter 3: Quick Tour Chapter 4: Setting Up Your Workspace Part II: Java Web Application Development Chapter 5: Web Application Architecture and Design Chapter 6: Organizing Your Development Project Chapter 7: The Presentation Tier Chapter 8: The Business Logic Tier Chapter 9: The Persistence Tier Chapter 10: Web Services Chapter 11: Testing Part III: Extending WTP Chapter 12: Adding New Servers Chapter 13: Supporting New File Types Chapter 14: Creating WSDL Extensions Chapter 15: Customizing Resource Resolution Part IV: Products and Plans Chapter 16: Other Web Tools Based on Eclipse Chapter 17: The Road Ahead Glossaryi? References Index This book is an invaluable resource for every Eclipse and enterprise Java Web developer: both those who use Eclipse to build other Web applications, and those who build Eclipse technologies into their own products.Complete source code examples are available at www.eclipsewtp.org.


Objective – To assess medical graduates' use of evidence based medicine (EBM) in residency, self-perception of EBM skills, attitudes toward EBM, and the impact of a formal EBM curriculum in their third undergraduate year.

Design – A longitudinal follow-up study by self-administered questionnaire.

Setting – Internal medicine residency programs in US hospitals.

Subjects – A convenience sample of 2001 and 2002 graduates of the University of Illinois College of Medicine at Peoria (UICOM-P) (n=78), and their respective residency program directors (n=72).

Methods – A student graduate questionnaire (SGQ) was sent to all members of UICOM-P's 2001 and 2002 graduating classes who had completed the EBM course during their M-3 Internal Medicine clerkship. A program director questionnaire (PDQ), similar to the SGQ, was sent to the graduates' residency program directors. The research instrument was tested with a pilot group prior to use, but not validated. The questionnaires consisted of 4 main sections. The first section examined formal and informal EBM programs in the graduates' residency curriculum. The second section consisted of a self-assessment of EBM skills by the residents and an assessment of those skills by their program directors. The third section asked graduates to compare their EBM skills to those of their fellow residents who had not been students at UICOM-P. Similarly, in the third section of the PDQ, program directors were asked to compare the EBM skills of UICOM-P graduates and non-UICOM-P graduates participating in the residency program. The last section concerned professional and demographic characteristics. Copies of the surveys were mailed out to non-responders after 6 weeks. Results were collated but statistical analysis was not applied.

Main results – The response rate was 32% for residents and 35% for program directors. The number of incomplete surveys was not reported. Forty-four percent of all respondents reported having a formal EBM curriculum for residents, and 76% reported an informal curriculum. For both formal and informal programs, the most common teaching formats were journal clubs, followed by lectures, teaching rounds, morning reports, bedside consultations, ambulatory clinics and seminars. In section two of the questionnaires, both residents and program directors rated the residents' EBM skills similarly. However, the residents rated their skills in searching the literature and application of findings to clinical practice higher than the program directors. Program directors also rated the residents' skills in understanding statistics and tests higher than the residents themselves. Twenty-four percent of both residents and program directors rated the UICOM-P graduates as "very competent" or "extremely competent" in EBM skills (50). Only 35% of program directors and 27% of residents rated the UICOM-P graduates' EBM skills as "usually better" or "always better" than their peers who were not UICOM-P graduates (50).

Conclusion - The authors of this study conclude that, for UICOM-P graduates, "it might be implied from these results that the EBM skills gained during medical school were retained through their medical school graduation and into their residency training" (51). However, this study has methodological weaknesses which make it difficult to draw any definite conclusions from the results.


We explore the role of large banks in propagating economic shocks across the U.S. economy. We show that in 2007 and 2008, large banks operating in U.S. counties most affected by the decline in real estate prices contracted their credit to small businesses in counties that were not affected by falling real estate prices. These exposed banks were also more likely to completely cease operations in unaffected counties. By contrast, healthy banks — those not exposed to real estate price shocks — were more likely to expand operations and even to enter new banking markets, capturing market share in both loans and deposits. On average, the market share gain of healthy banks relative to exposed banks was a standard deviation above the long-run historic average market share growth. This offsetting effect was stronger for counties with a larger presence of exposed banks, and it resulted in changes in market share composition that had lasting effects. However, the net effect was negative and counties with a larger presence of exposed banks experienced slower overall growth in deposits, loans, employment, and number of small business establishments. These effects persist for several years after the initial shock.


Founded early in 1983, the center for the Study of Language and Information (CSLI) at Stanford University grew out of a long-standing collaboration between scientists at research laboratories in the Palo Alto area and the faculty and students of several Stanford University departments and out of a need for an institutional focus for this work on natural and computer languages. At present, CSLI has 17 senior members and about as many associate members, from SRI International, Xerox PARC, Fairchild, and the Department of Computer Science, Linguistics, and Philosophy at Stanford. Since the Center's research will overlap with the work of other researchers around the world, an important goal of CSLI is to initiate a major outreach, whereby members of CSLI both inform themselves of work done elsewhere and share their own results with others.


For software developers of all experience levels looking to improve their results, and design and implement domain-driven enterprise applications consistently with the best current state of professional practice, Implementing Domain-Driven Design will impart a treasure trove of knowledge hard won within the DDD and enterprise application architecture communities over the last couple decades. Randy Stafford, Architect At-Large, Oracle Coherence Product Development This book is a must-read for anybody looking to put DDD into practice. Udi Dahan, Founder of NServiceBus Implementing Domain-Driven Design presents a top-down approach to understanding domain-driven design (DDD) in a way that fluently connects strategic patterns to fundamental tactical programming tools. Vaughn Vernon couples guided approaches to implementation with modern architectures, highlighting the importance and value of focusing on the business domain while balancing technical considerations. Building on Eric Evans seminal book, Domain-Driven Design, the author presents practical DDD techniques through examples from familiar domains. Each principle is backed up by realistic Java examplesall applicable to C# developersand all content is tied together by a single case study: the delivery of a large-scale Scrum-based SaaS system for a multitenant environment. The author takes you far beyond DDD-lite approaches that embrace DDD solely as a technical toolset, and shows you how to fully leverage DDDs strategic design patterns using Bounded Context, Context Maps, and the Ubiquitous Language. Using these techniques and examples, you can reduce time to market and improve quality, as you build software that is more flexible, more scalable, and more tightly aligned to business goals. Coverage includes Getting started the right way with DDD, so you can rapidly gain value from it Using DDD within diverse architectures, including Hexagonal, SOA, REST, CQRS, Event-Driven, and Fabric/Grid-Based Appropriately designing and applying Entitiesand learning when to use Value Objects instead Mastering DDDs powerful new Domain Events technique Designing Repositories for ORM, NoSQL, and other databases


In this article the authors outline five types of debriefing and introduce a new type of debriefing, namely, that of debriefing the interpretive researcher. Next they present eight main areas accompanied by example questions to guide the interviewer when debriefing the researcher. They also present five authenticity criteria developed by Guba and Lincoln (1989) and include possible interview questions to document the degree to which the researcher has met these criteria. Finally, using Miles and Huberman's (1994) framework, they illustrate how displays such as matrices can be used to collect, analyze, and interpret debriefing interview data as well as leave an audit trail.


The Folgar-Tucker equation (FTE) is the model most frequently used for the prediction of fiber orientation (FO) in simulations of the injection molding process for short-fiber reinforced thermoplasts. In contrast to its widespread use in injection molding simulations, little is known about the mathematical properties of the FTE: an investigation of e.g. its phase spaceMFT has been presented only recently. The restriction of the dependent variable of the FTE to the setMFT turns the FTE into a differential algebraic system (DAS), a fact which is commonly neglected when devising numerical schemes for the integration of the FTE. In this article1 we present some recent results on the problem of trace stability as well as some introductory material which complements our recent paper.


Recently, the quality of life studies have drawn the attention of environmental designers, urban planners, and policy makers, due to its usefulness in assessing the overall satisfaction of citizens with life, and monitoring public policies. Even so, the importance of the neighborhood environment remains the most fundamental base of life. People spend the majority of their lives in the neighborhood that influences their economic and social life. Consequently, satisfaction with the neighborhood features is an imperative indicator of the neighborhood quality, which affects residents' quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate an urban neighborhood attributes in Kuala Lumpur city center, Malaysia. A questionnaire survey was used in this study in order to measure residents' satisfaction based on the six factors, namely social life, good condition for children, security and safety, greenery and quietness, transport, and community facilities and services. The findings of the study indicated that, the residents were extremely satisfied with their quality of life in the city center area. On the satisfaction level, neighborhood physical features particularly proximity to the facilities pertained to the most satisfied aspects, while safety was considered the least one. In conclusion, this study has an implication for the policy makers and urban planners to construct and develop sustainable neighborhoods through residents' own assessment in order to enhance their quality of life.