This thesis is about the quality of food product which is written as the first step in making the thesis which examine: The food quality with the emphasis on Selected Indonesian Restaurant Spandershoeve Qualitative research has been used. Divided in to three parts, the first parts is the literature review which contains quality of the food production which is very important to maintain the reputation of the restaurant and to increase the income by meeting the need of the costumer with the ability of the restaurant in order to get satisfaction for the customers, the reason why the measurement of ability important is to measure the price of the product with the product it self .The study also includes the connection between menu as a marketing tools in the restaurant and quality, type of quality, foundations and some aspects involved in quality, error or failure, and process to avoid the failure that might be started from the supplier or failure in producing the meaI, that is the reason why quality must be managed and involve every one in the process and be applied throughout the organization. Managing the quality in food production can not use the old way such as checking, testing, inspecting or measure at the end of the process because it will cost more time and money and this will make the guest feel unhappy The Second part, understanding quality of food product in Selected Indonesian Restaurant Spandershove, the kind of quality that suits the costumer (value for money), process to maintain the food quality, the ability of the personnel and equipment in meeting the costumer satisfaction, and standard This makes the restaurant aware about the product they are going to sell, that meet the customers? satisfaction even though it is difficult because service industry deals with people which are different to other industries. The third part of the research concern case study .The case study is based on literature review, interviews with the manpower to know their ability including the questionnaires to meet the costumer satisfaction, The case study gives the impression about the quality awareness in the Selected Indonesian Restaurant Spandershove and how the restaurant overcome the failure that might happened during the process of purchasing storing, and producing the food. The Spandershove restaurant in this research is seen as reasonable representative Selected Indonesian Restaurant This Indonesian Restaurant is the first Indonesian restaurant that achieve Michellin Star. Therefore the information gained through this research can give a valuable indication about the industry awareness. It can be concluded from The Spandershove that the restaurant is aware of the quality of the food they produce, influence their reputation and income of the restaurant. However the industry awareness of the quality of the food product can still be improved. Some recommendations for the restaurant company would be: 1. Meet the costumer satisfaction with the ability of the equipment because the right equipment can increase the speed of working and minimize the cost, the right way of cooking that help the manpower, and must meet the ability of the manpower because the difficulty to change the manpower with the machine power in fine dining restaurant industry. 2. Develop a working condition W e every employee feel responsible to produce a good quality, such as bonus and recognition for the good employee 3. Create clear and specific contract with the distributor to get the exact product. Because this is a relative new field of research, Mer researchis recommended to give more detailed information about this subject. For these following researches this study can be used as a starting point.


Results of a local survey in late 2008 show that e-books have not yet reached a tipping point at University College Dublin (UCD) Library, with only about a quarter of those surveyed saying that they have used any. There is therefore everything to play for in this developing area.We describe briefly the stages of e-book development at UCD Library, and then focus upon the main themes that have emerged and our experience in each case. These themes are: collection development and acquisition; resource discovery; statistics and promotion; then future challenges and plans. There is discussion of the real challenges that we have seen over the three years that we have had a specific focus on e-books, in terms of the inter-team nature of the enterprise, the rapid transition to new working methods, and the threat presented to future e-book developments by the current financial situation.


A number of studies have identified differences between males and females in academic performance across the areas of reading, writing, and mathematics (Below, Skinner, Fearrington, & Sorrell, 2010; Camarata & Woodcock, 2006; Duckworth & Seligman, 2006; Gibb, Fergusson, & Horwood, 2008; Pomerantz, Altermatt, & Saxon, 2002). The current study is preliminary, examining whether or not gender differences exist when Mathematics Curriculum-Based Measurement (M-CBM) probes are used to assess basic math computation skills in a sample of third through eighth grade students. Participants included 1,627 general and special education students (813 males and 814 females) from five schools in a rural southeastern school district in the United States. AIMSweb M-CBM probes were administered to each student three times (at fall, winter, and spring benchmarks) during the 2006-2007 school year. M-CBM probes were scored for Correct Digits. A mixed model linear regression was used to identify significant differences between genders in grades three through eight. The development of advanced math skills requires knowledge of basic math concepts, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division that are included on M-CBM probes. School psychologists and other educators will benefit from understanding gender gaps that exist between students in early mathematical ability.


The following sequences have been submitted to the Nomenclature Committee since the September 2011 nomenclature update and, following agreed policy, have been assigned official allele designations Marsh et al. (2010). Full details of all sequences will be published in a forthcoming report. Below are listed the newly assigned sequences (Table 1) and confirmations of previously reported sequences (Table 2). The accession number of each sequence is given, and these can be used to retrieve the sequence files from the EMBL, GenBank or DDBJ data libraries. Although accession numbers have been assigned by the data libraries and most sequences are already available, there is still the possibility that an


We find a generating function expressed as a continued fraction that enumerates ordered trees by the number of vertices at different levels. Several Catalan problems are mapped to an ordered-tree problem and their generating functions also expressed as a continued fraction. Among these problems is the enumeration of $(132)$-pattern avoiding permutations that have a given number of increasing patterns of length $k$. This extends and illuminates a result of Robertson, Wilf and Zeilberger for the case $k=3$.


Supply chain formation is the process of determining the structure and terms of exchange relationships to enable a multilevel, multiagent production activity. We present a simple model of supply chains, highlighting two characteristic features: hierarchical subtask decomposition, and resource contention. To decentralize the formation process, we introduce a market price system over the resources produced along the chain. In a competitive equilibrium for this system, agents choose locally optimal allocations with respect to prices, and outcomes are optimal overall. To determine prices, we define a market protocol based on distributed, progressive auctions, and myopic, non-strategic agent bidding policies. In the presence of resource contention, this protocol produces better solutions than the greedy protocols common in the artificial intelligence and multiagent systems literature. The protocol often converges to high-value supply chains, and when competitive equilibria exist, typically to approximate competitive equilibria. However, complementarities in agent production technologies can cause the protocol to wastefully allocate inputs to agents that do not produce their outputs. A subsequent decommitment phase recovers a significant fraction of the lost surplus.


In January 2015, qualified employers must provide health care coverage under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 or face a fine. As employers actively attempt to minimize the costs that they will incur, the possibility emerges that employers will retaliate against or harass employees who seek coverage. This Essay discusses the protections for employees under the law and the possible deficiencies in the law. It shows that employers and employees often have contrasting incentives – employers to avoid coverage, and employees to take coverage – and these incentives may result in employer harassment and retaliation of employees. Presently, in an analogous context, employees often raise retaliation claims after they have complained of discrimination, and these claims have had significant success. Because of similarities between these situations, comparable retaliation under the ACA is likely, and perhaps it will occur even more due to the significant specific costs that employers face under the ACA.


CUDA Fortran for Scientists and Engineers shows how high-performance application developers can leverage the power of GPUs using Fortran, the familiar language of scientific computing and supercomputer performance benchmarking. The authors presume no prior parallel computing experience, and cover the basics along with best practices for efficient GPU computing using CUDA Fortran. To help you add CUDA Fortran to existing Fortran codes, the book explains how to understand the target GPU architecture, identify computationally intensive parts of the code, and modify the code to manage the data and parallelism and optimize performance. All of this is done in Fortran, without having to rewrite in another language. Each concept is illustrated with actual examples so you can immediately evaluate the performance of your code in comparison.Leverage the power of GPU computing with PGI's CUDA Fortran compilerGain insights from members of the CUDA Fortran language development teamIncludes multi-GPU programming in CUDA Fortran, covering both peer-to-peer and message passing interface (MPI) approachesIncludes full source code for all the examples and several case studies Download source code and slides from the book's companion website


Achieving greater energy security by reducing dependence on foreign petroleum is a goal of U.S. energy policy. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) calls for a Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS-2), which mandates that the United States increase the volume of biofuel that is blended into transportation fuel from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons by 2022. Long-term technological advances are needed to meet this mandate. This report examines how meeting the RFS-2 would affect various key components of the U.S. economy. If biofuel production advances with cost-reducing technology and petroleum prices continue to rise as projected, the RFS-2 could provide economywide benefits. However, the actual level of benefits (or costs) to the U.S. economy depends importantly on future oil prices and whether tax credits are retained in 2022. If oil prices stabilize or decline from current levels and tax credits are retained, then benefits to the economy would diminish.


Although the Journal Impact Factor (JIF) is widely acknowledged to be a poor indicator of the quality of individual papers, it is used routinely to evaluate research and researchers. Here, we present a simple method for generating the citation distributions that underlie JIFs. Application of this straightforward protocol reveals the full extent of the skew of these distributions and the variation in citations received by published papers that is characteristic of all scientific journals. Although there are differences among journals across the spectrum of JIFs, the citation distributions overlap extensively, demonstrating that the citation performance of individual papers cannot be inferred from the JIF. We propose that this methodology be adopted by all journals as a move to greater transparency, one that should help to refocus attention on individual pieces of work and counter the inappropriate usage of JIFs during the process of research assessment.


Librarians at universities in North Carolina are beginning to consider whether to establish electronic repositories where faculty and students can deposit copies of their scholarship for preservation and world-wide access. This article addresses a number of questions and concerns that arise, especially for librarians at smaller institutions, as they consider implementing an institutional repository (IR) program. Does a given institution have enough scholarly content to warrant building an IR? What does an IR provide that is not already available from publishers and database providers? Why would anyone search an IR? Is an IR too costly for a small institution with a limited budget to set up and maintain? The author argues that while building an IR collection requires a significant commitment in staff resources, the outcome of making the collective scholarship of North Carolina open access through IRs will be immensely beneficial to scholars, hosting institutions, students, and citizens of North Carolina and beyond.


All eyes are turned towards genomic data and models as the source of knowledge about whether human races exist or not. Will genomic science make the final decision about whether racial realism (e.g. racial population naturalism) or anti-realism (e.g. racial scepticism) is correct? We think not. The results of even our best and most impressive genomic technologies underdetermine whether biogenomic races exist, or not. First, different sub-disciplines of biology interested in population structure employ distinct concepts, aims, measures and models, producing cross-cutting categorisations of population subdivisions rather than a single, universal biogenomic concept of 'race.' Second, within each sub-discipline (e.g. phylogenetics, conservation biology), genomic results are consistent with, and map multiply to, racial realism and anti-realism. Indeed, racial ontologies are constructed conventionally, rather than discovered. We thus defend a constructivist conventionalism about biogenomic racial ontology. Choices and conventions must always be made in identifying particular kinds of groups. Political agendas, social programmes, and moral questions premised on the existence of naturalistic race should accept that no scientifically grounded racial ontology is forthcoming, and adjust presumptions, practices and projects accordingly.


There was a time, not too long ago, when the typewriter and notebook ruled, and the computer as an everyday tool was simply a vision. Revolution in the Valley traces this vision back to its earliest roots: the hallways and backrooms of Apple, where the groundbreaking Macintosh computer was born. The book traces the development of the Macintosh, from its inception as an underground skunkworks project in 1979 to its triumphant introduction in 1984 and beyond. The stories in Revolution in the Valley come on extremely good authority. That's because author Andy Hertzfeld was a core member of the team that built the Macintosh system software, and a key creator of the Mac's radically new user interface software. One of the chosen few who worked with the mercurial Steve Jobs, you might call him the ultimate insider. When Revolution in the Valley begins, Hertzfeld is working on Apple's first attempt at a low-cost, consumer-oriented computer: the Apple II. He sees that Steve Jobs is luring some of the company's most brilliant innovators to work on a tiny research effort the Macintosh. Hertzfeld manages to make his way onto the Macintosh research team, and the rest is history. Through lavish illustrations, period photos (many never before published), and Hertzfeld's vivid first-hand accounts, Revolution in the Valley reveals what it was like to be there at the birth of the personal computer revolution. The story comes to life through the book's portrait of the talented and often eccentric characters who made up the Macintosh team. Now, over 20 years later, millions of people are benefiting from the technical achievements of this determined and brilliant group of people.


In this forthcoming article, the author uses the protracted legal battles over the right of publicity stemming from the lasting celebrity created by the so-called "crime of the century" to propose a legal test for applying the right of publicity generally. These legal battles were fought during the 1960s over the right of celebrity slayer Nathan Leopold to control the use of his name and personality in a novel, movie, and stage play. After conflicting lower court decisions that had a chilling effect on writers and publishers, the case was eventually decided against Leopold. The author agrees with this result but argues that, because there has been a tendency to decide such disputes on a case-by-case basis, similar uncertainty continues to arise in analogous cases. He proposes a clear test, easily understood by both creators and users of celebrity personality, which would balance the interests of the parties and bring added predictability to this area of the law.


Founded in 1540, the Society of Jesus was viewed for centuries as an impediment to the development of modern science. The Jesuit educational system was deemed conservative and antithetical to creative thought, while the Order and its members were blamed by Galileo, Descartes, and their disciples for virtually every proceeding against the new science. No wonder a consensus emerged that little reason existed for historians to take Jesuit science seriously.Only during the past two decades have scholars begun to question this received view of the Jesuit role in the Scientific Revolution, and this book contributes significantly to that reassessment. Focusing on the institutional setting of Jesuit science, the contributors take a new and broader look at the overall intellectual environment of the Collegio Romano and other Jesuit colleges to see how Jesuit scholars taught and worked, to examine the context of the Jesuit response to the new philosophies, and to chart the Jesuits' scientific contributions. Their conclusions indicate that Jesuit practitioners were indeed instrumental in elevating the status of mathematics and in stressing the importance of experimental science; yet, at the same time, the Jesuits were members of a religious order with a clearly defined apostolic mission. Understanding both the contributions of Jesuit practitioners and the constraints under which they worked helps us to gain a clearer and more complete perspective on the emergence of the scientific worldview.


This thesis develops a legal theory reflecting the insights of feminism and environmental philosophy. I argue that human beings are not ontologically separate, but embedded in webs of relationality with natural others. My primary purposes are to 1) delineate ways in which institutions of modernity (such as law and science) have precipitated ecosocial crisis through the attempt to dialectically enforce mastery and control over nature and women; and 2) explore alternate political forms and ontologies which challenge the classical liberalist view of the (human) individual as a radically isolated, discrete, autonomous being. My overarching theme is that law functions as a narrative that can both hinder and enhance the promotion of ecological ideas, and how ecofeminism can contribute to transformative projects of environmental philosophy and feminist law.


Abstract. The domain-filling, forward trajectory calculation model developed by Schoeberl and Dessler (2011) is used to further investigate processes that produce upper tropospheric and lower stratospheric water vapor anomalies. We examine the pathways parcels take from the base of the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) to the lower stratosphere. Most parcels found in the lower stratosphere arise from East Asia, the Tropical West Pacific (TWP) and Central/South America. The belt of TTL parcel origins is very wide compared to the final dehydration zones near the top of the TTL. This is due to the convergence of rising air due to the stronger diabatic heating near the tropopause relative to levels above and below. The observed water vapor anomalies – both wet and dry – correspond to regions where parcels have minimal displacement from their initialization. These minimum displacement regions include the winter TWP and the Asian and American monsoons. To better understand the stratospheric water vapor concentration we introduce the water vapor spectrum and investigate the source of the wettest and driest components of the spectrum. We find that the driest air parcels originate below the TWP, moving upward to dehydrate in the TWP cold upper troposphere. The wettest air parcels originate at the edges of the TWP as well as in the summer American and Asian monsoons. The wet air parcels are important since they skew the mean stratospheric water vapor distribution toward higher values. Both TWP cold temperatures that produce dry parcels as well as extra-TWP processes that control the wet parcels determine stratospheric water vapor.


Students of regulation have known for decades that the burden of regulation on the U.S. economy is sizable, with the latest figures suggesting this cost may approach $1 trillion in 2004. Surprisingly, given that the health industry is often viewed as among the most heavily regulated sectors of the U.S. economy, previous estimates generally have ignored the cost of regulating health care services. Using a "top-down" approach, one can arrive at a "back-of-the-envelope" estimate that health services regulation imposes an annual cost of $256 billion per year (with a range of $28 billion to $657 billion), suggesting that health services regulations could increase estimates of overall regulatory costs by more than 25 percent. A far more accurate "bottom-up" approach suggests that the total cost of health services regulation exceeds $339.2 billion. This figure takes into account regulation of health facilities, health professionals, health insurance, drugs and medical devices, and the medical tort system, including the costs of defensive medicine. Moreover, this approach allows for a calculation of some important tangible benefits of regulation. Yet even after subtracting $170.1 billion in benefits, the net burden of health services regulation is considerable, amounting to $169.1 billion annually. In other words, the costs of health services regulation outweigh benefits by two-to-one and cost the average household over $1,500 per year. The high cost of health services regulation is responsible for more than seven million Americans lacking health insurance, or one in six of the average daily uninsured. Moreover, 4,000 more Americans die every year from costs associated with health services regulation (22,000) than from lack of health insurance (18,000). The annual net cost of health services regulation dwarfs other costs imposed by government intervention in the health care sector. This cost exceeds annual consumer expenditures on gasoline and oil in the United States and is twice the size of the annual output of the motion picture and sound recording industries. Finding ways to reduce or eliminate this excess cost should be an urgent priority for policymakers. It would appear from this preliminary assessment that medical tort reform offers the most promising target for regulatory cost savings, followed by FDA reform, selected access-oriented health insurance regulations (e.g., mandated health benefits), and quality-oriented health facilities regulations (e.g., accreditation and licensure). Health Care Regulation A $169 Billion Hidden Tax


Cryogenic solid-state targets of rare gases as well as nitrogen and deuterium have been developed for the measurements of the energy loss of heavy ions in dense, laser produced plasmas. Free-standing targets with a thickness of 1 cm to 1 mm and planar foil-supported targets with a thickness of few hundred of microns have been produced using interchangeable, remotely controlled target growing chambers. The geometry of the targets is determined by the geometry of the growing chamber. In addition to this, work has been contributed to the
construction of the portable cryogenic system used for growing the rare gas, nitrogen and deuterium crystals.

The first laser plasma experiments were performed by irradiating free standing cubic nitrogen targets with the nhelix laser. Interferometric measurements revealed the electron density of the order of 10^{19} cm^-3. Additional experiments have been performed with thin foil-supported deuterium targets. The target foil was irradiated from both sides using the nhelix and PHELIX laser systems while the ion beam from UNILAC was used to study the interaction. The electron density values obtained for deuterium plasmas are similar to those for nitrogen plasmas. The outcome of these experiments paves the way to realize beam-plasma interaction experiments at Z6, employing cryogenic targets.

The projectiles of an ion beam transfer momentum and energy to the target particles by Coulomb interactions. The energy loss of the projectiles is therefore also dependent on the ionization energy of the targets. In plasmas the ionization energy of the target particles is determined by its temperature and density. With increasing plasma temperatures and pressures, one obtains a lowering of the ionization energy. This fact has already been established by several authors, however up to now the resulting approximations were too rough. Thus in the present work it is attempted to contribute to a more careful recalculation of the lowering of the ionization energy of dense hydrogen-like bound states.

For this purpose the Jacobi-Pade approximation of relative energy level shifts is applied. There the relative energy level shift of the five-fold ionized carbon is determined by the difference between Coulomb and Debye potential and by the kinetic energy of the particles. The shift caused by the kinetic energy has to be found considering the momentum space of the particles, so that nine-fold integrals in phase space have to be calculated. Quantum physically, former numerical calculations for the energy shift were only performed for particle states with zero angular momentum quantum numbers. Presently, a detailed, to a large extent analytical analysis of the shift caused by kinetic energy is given for any angular momentum quantum number enabling also an improved analysis of in future developed Jacobi-Pade formulae. The relative energy shifts of the bound-states of the five-fold ionized carbon are numerically obtained as function of the Mott parameter of the plasma. Dependencies of the shifts on main quantum numbers and orbital angular momentum quantum numbers are also discussed.


This paper argues that the violation of justice in Palestine began in 1948 and was deepened in 1967 with the further occupation and de-development of Palestine which continues to this day.  For forty two years, international law has been defied by Israel with one excuse after another that few people accept.  Israel has persistently built more and more settlements and separations that make the basic human right to education and health near impossible for the Palestinians.  Whilst international aid has been necessary, it has been politically ineffective in halting the capture and annexing of more and more Palestinian land.  More Palestinians are removed from Jerusalem every day as violence upon violence is piled on the people of Palestine.  This paper argues that this is unacceptable for the international family of higher education.  It argues that universities around the world should take a political lead in response to the call from Palestinian and other peace workers to build the Boycott, Disinvestment and Sanctions movement in global civil society.  This paper moves the position that history has built up to a point where justice for Palestine is now an undeniable global issue for people of conscience everywhere.  The situation is such that universities cannot step back and leave it to politicians.  Academics and students must speak out and take a lead in ending the day to day abuse of basic Palestinian rights.


This special issue explores to what extent policies and institutions of the European Union spread across different contexts. Are the EU's attempts to transfer its policies and institutions to accession and neighbourhood countries sustainable and effective? To what degree do other regions of the world emulate the EU's institutional features; what are the mechanisms of, and scope conditions for, their diffusion? This introduction provides the conceptual framework of the special issue. First, it specifies EU-related institutional change as the 'dependent variable'. Second, it discusses how Europeanisation research and diffusion studies relate to each other and can be fruitfully combined to identify processes and mechanisms by which ideas and institutions of the EU spread. Third, we introduce scope conditions which are likely to affect domestic (or regional) change in response to the promotion or emulation of EU ideas and institutions.


High performance micro sensors are important to detecting special nuclear materials radiations in different fields to save the globe. This paper is mainly focused on to develop a MEMS based bolometer for detecting the nuclear radiation to provide the high security in Nuclear power Plants. A thermally sensitive micro metal plate is designed and placed on a substrate through micro thermal link. The material selected for thermal link provides mechanical support, thermally conducting path, and an electrically conducting path. The energy of the incident radiation is converted into heat in the micro plate and transferred to the substrate through the thermal link. The temperature rise is subsequently sensed and it is directly proportional to the incident nuclear radiations. The materials used to design the micro plate and micro thermal links has given satisfied results over conventional detectors. It can be also used for detecting hazardous radiation from Base Transceiver Stations. The micro plate and micro thermal links are designed and simulated using the Heat transfer and Structural Mechanics physics in COMSOL Multiphysics 4.2.


As racially diverse, early-career sport psychology consultants (SPCs), we reflect on our experiences working with collegiate athletes and coaches whose racial/ethnic status were different from our own. Our reflections cover (a) the external effects of stereotypes, presence (and pernicious effects) of microaggressions, and strategies for effectively coping with such transgressions; (b) stereotype threat and how Jeremy Lin's entry into the NBA affected our self-perceptions; and (c) a call to action to further promote a multicultural approach to sport psychology training, research, and practice. In sharing these thoughts, we hope to promote further dialogue in the emerging field of cultural sport psychology.


Providing passenger internet on board trains with continuous connectivity at high speeds and over large rural distances is a challenging issue. A frequently used solution to the problem is to use an on board WiFi network connected to the 3G or 4G networks deployed outside the train. In order to be able to provide the capacity and the data rates that tomorrow's business travelers are expecting it has been suggested to use a combination of MIMO and carrier aggregation in the LTE-Advance standard. In this study, we practically investigate the plausibility of using MIMO functionality in an 900 LTE system when the receive antennas are mounted at a train roof about 4m above ground and the base stations antennas are on average placed 2.3km away from the track in towers with an average height of 45m and, hence, most of the time in line of site. It is found that along our test route MIMO is in practice supported by the radio channel at around 70% of the time when the train is travelling with an average speed of 185km/h and the MIMO antennas are mounted 10.5m apart.


The present study addresses diagnostic competence of English language teachers at the end of lower secondary education. The 56 teachers assigned each of their respective students (N = 1 363) to a proficiency level of foreign language use according to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). The teachers' judgements were compared to CEFR proficiency level assignments estimated using data from a reading comprehension assessment of English as a foreign language. The consistency of proficiency level allocations was evaluated using level, differentiation, and ranking components. Beyond providing a description of diagnostic competence, the present study focuses on the influence of classroom halo effects on teachers' CEFR proficiency level judgements by comparing teacher judgments and students' English marks. A multilevel model of diagnostic competence is presented to assess to what extent the rank and level components are influenced by teachers' familiarity with and use of the CEFR guidelines when judging student proficiency.


According to Park visitor statistics Gatlinburg, Tennessee rates as the most heavily visited national park in the United States; as a gateway community and the official entrance to the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, its downtown landscape remains cemented in the minds of many across the nation. Through a context based visual
analysis utilizing Maxwell's two-way stretch theory, the researcher traced the origins and
defining characteristics of this Gatlinburg aesthetic – the Tourist Vernacular – that evolved primarily through the work of one architect: Hubert Bebb. Through visual analysis, Bebb emerged as the key architect who, over the course of fifty years, not only created hybrids informed by the existing built environment of Gatlinburg, but inserted a new prototype and subsequent hybrids that came to define much of the downtown
landscape. Bebb's early work sits as a response to the buildings of the settlement school era, established in 1912. With precedents from this development, he augmented materials and forms to buildings in a time when government officials conceptualized and developed the Great Smoky Mountain National Park, authorized in 1926 and formally dedicated in 1940, an era characterized by a boom in construction as a result of increased
tourism. His work is most particularly influential in the third quarter of the twentieth
century when businesses and community leaders, including Bebb himself, shaped a place image consistent with visitor expectations. Utilizing Bebb's Tourist Vernacular, designers and business leaders have transformed the built environment in the last several decades. Correspondingly, the
aesthetic forms serve as the basis for such visionary changes as "The Greening of Gatlinburg" and the Gatlinburg Vision Statement, alongside the completion of studies and guidelines that affect the physical characteristics and visual aspects of the downtown, calling for authenticity in the evolved Tourist Vernacular. Touching on historical influences, this analysis speaks to a series of stylistic genre in Gatlinburg's mid-twentieth century commercial buildings, while also linking to work that continues the aesthetics
and philosophies of Bebb's architectural endeavors. The study shows readers glimpses of
one community's evolving architectural lexicon shaped largely by tourist needs and expectations, thus providing a useful approach to other recreational landscapes throughout the nation.


The Model-View-View-Model (MVVM) pattern is held in high regard by many developers as an excellent way of creating sophisticated modern applications. It's clear seperation of presentation and business logic produces a clean implementation that promotes speed, scalability and code reuse in applications with a complex UI. These strengths have found it favor with WPF and Silverlight developers. It is now increasingly being employed for Windows 8 apps, a purpose to which it is ideally suited as this book will show. In this brief, information-rich, guide we will show you how MVVM works with both XAML (C#) and HTML5 (JavaScript) flavors of Windows 8. Beginning with a brief recap of MVVM concepts under .NET - to provide a common frame of reference - we will then delve into the details of how MVVM can best be implemented in Metro-style apps for Windows 8 and show a working application framework in each case. What youll learn How the MVVM pattern can bring elegance, power, speed and reusability to your Windows 8 apps. That MVVM implementations under Windows 8 differ from MVVM implementations under .NET. Produce fully working Metro-style applications using XAML and HTML5 How you can use the popular KnockoutJS Framework to speed the development of your HTML5 Metro apps. Essential tips, tricks and cautions that will allow you to bring your existing .NET skills to bear quickly in the Windows 8 world. Who this book is for This is a fast-paced guide for developers comfortable with both .NET programming and the fundamentals of Windows 8 development. Table of Contents Setting up Windows 8 Application Project Implementing the View Implementing the Model Implementing the ViewModel HTML5, JavaScript, and Windows 8 Applications View, Model and ViewModel Structures in HTML5 and JavaScript


I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear, Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it should be blithe and strong, The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam, The mason singing his as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work, The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, the deckhand singing on the steamboat deck, The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands, The wood-cutter's song, the ploughboy's on his way in the morning, or at noon intermission or at sundown, The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the girl sewing or washing, Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else, The day what belongs to the day--at night the party of young fellows, robust, friendly, Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs.


Touché proposes a novel Swept Frequency Capacitive Sensing technique that can not only detect a touch event, but also recognize complex configurations of the human hands and body. Such contextual information significantly enhances touch interaction in a broad range of applications, from conventional touchscreens to unique contexts and materials. For example, in our explorations we add touch and gesture sensitivity to the human body and liquids. We demonstrate the rich capabilities of Touché with five example setups from different application domains and conduct experimental studies that show gesture classification accuracies of 99% are achievable with our technology.


In idea creation and assessment processes, the accruement and the description of an idea are mostly allocated to a fixed point in time, defined as the end of the generating process and the start of the idea assessment. This static approach does not fit the reality in industrial idea processes. A dynamic approach for idea assessment is therefore introduced. An idea is not seen as a static but as a dynamic state, characterized by different degrees of maturity. Maturity is understood as a measure of the assessability of the individual evaluation characteristics. Based on Crosby's maturity model and classical capability maturity models, a new idea maturity model (IMM) has been developed and is introduced for the first time. The five idea maturity levels (IML) are named Initial, Awareness, Appraisability, Valuation and Realizability and harmonize well with other maturity models. The levels are described by general characteristics, although the development of the maturity model focussed on new product or service development. The compatibility of the IMM with idea assessment processes and conditions in organizations and companies has been checked.


In this thesis, I have studied magnetic dipolar interactions between paramagnetic and nonmagnetic colloidal particles immersed in a magnetic fluid under the influence of an external time dependent magnetic field. These interactions play an important role in colloidal self-assembly. As a result, of these interactions different forms of anisotropic superstructures evolve in 2-Dimension and 3-Dimension during the self-assembly process. The time dependent external magnetic field is an important controlling parameter for the self-assembly process. The interactions leads to a specific equilibrium positions of the paramagnetic and nonmagnetic particles with specific orientations of the magnetic moments. Three different colloidal systems immersed in ferrofluid with external time dependent magnetic field have been investigated. In each of them the effect of inter dipolar interactions on the particles is discussed. Three systems are arranged and discussed in three separate chapters. In chapter 3, an attempt has been made to study the diffusion of particles in a colloidal flower system and compare the diffusion of the petals of the flower with other single file diffusion in 1-dimension. Beside the long-range interactions, in chapter 4, we have studied the strength of the systems and order of phase transition taking place due to core size effects of self-assembled flower shaped magnetic colloidal clusters and diamagnetic clusters in a precessing magnetic field. In chapter 5, different anisotropic assemblies and colloidal phases are studies as a function of the composition mixture of paramagnetic and diamagnetic particles in an external time dependent magnetic field. self-assembly, precessing magnetic field, ferrofluid, paramagnetic and nonmagnetic particles, diamagnets


The important role of adrenergic system in psychiatric disorder
such as depression and schizophrenia has been proved.
Alpha-2-adrenergic receptor plays a key role in regulation of
neurotransmitter releasing from sympathetic nerves and
adrenergic neurons and have been implicated in mediating
antipsychotic response. Further the role of alpha-2-adrenergic
receptor in pathophysiology of schizophrenia is supported by
the fact that many of the successful antipsychotics demonstrate
affinity to these receptors. In this study we investigated
-1291 C/G polymorphism in the promoter region of
alpha-2-adrenergic receptor candidate gene. We focused to
regulatory region of candidate gene because schizophrenia might
be a chronic disease and there is a suggestion that regulatory
regions of genes may be particularly relevant to chronic
diseases. The patients (n= 170) were diagnosed by clinicians
according to DSM-IV criteria and control subjects (n = 190)
comprised individuals with no prior history of mental or
neurological illness. All subjects in the present study were
Czech origin. DNA was isolated from blood or bucal swabs
samples and SNP -1291 C/G in alpha-2-adrenergic receptor gene
was analysed by SNaPshot method on genetic analyzer 3130.
Association study on -1291 C/G polymorphism was performed in
relation to schizophrenia. The genotype distribution was found
to be without deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A
statistically significant difference was found when the allelic
frequencies between the two groups were compared (p<0.003),
with OR=1.73 for allele frequencies relative to schizophrenia.
Our results presented a clearly positive correlation


The concept of analogy is of central concern to modern cognitive scientists, whereas it has been largely neglected in linguistics in the past four decades. The goal of this thought-provoking book is (1) to introduce a cognitively and linguistically viable notion of analogy; and (2) to re-establish and build on traditional linguistic analogy-based research. As a starting point, a general definition of analogy is offered that makes the distinction between analogy-as-structure and analogy-as-process. Chapter 2 deals with analogy as used in traditional linguistics. It demonstrates how phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and diachronic linguistics make use of analogy and discusses linguistic domains in which analogy does or did not work. The appendix gives a description of a computer program, which performs such instances of analogy-based syntactic analysis as have long been claimed impossible. Chapter 3 supports the ultimate (non-modular) 'unity of the mind' and discusses the existence of pervasive analogies between language and such cognitive domains as vision, music, and logic. The final chapter presents evidence for the view that the cosmology of every culture is based on analogy. At a more abstract level, the role of analogy in scientific change is scrutinized, resulting in a meta-analogy between myth and science.


The current labour market has many forms of employment relations that differ from full-time employment. "Atypical," "non-standard," or even "marginal" are terms used to describe these new workers and include, amongst others, parttime work, contract work, self-employment, temporary, fixed-term, seasonal, casual, piece-rate work, employees supplied by employment agencies, home workers and those employed in the informal economy. These workers are often paid for results rather than time. Their vulnerability is linked in many instances to the absence of an employment relationship or the existence of a flimsy one. Most of these workers are unskilled or work in sectors with limited trade union organisation and limited coverage by collective bargaining, leaving them vulnerable to exploitation. They should, in theory, have the protection of current South African labour legislation, but in practice the unusual circumstances of their employment render the enforcement of their rights problematic. The majority of non-standard workers in South Africa are those previously disadvantaged by the apartheid regime, compromising women and unskilled black workers. The exclusion of these workers from labour legislation can be seen as discrimination, which is prohibited by almost all labour legislation in South Africa. This contribution illustrates how the concept of indirect discrimination can be an important tool used to provide labour protection to these workers. The purpose of this article is to explore the scope of the extension of labour rights to non-standard workers in the context of South African labour laws and the international framework.


This paper describes efforts to develop a pedagogical environment that seeks to influence the learning experiences of students as mobile applications end users, developers, and decision makers. Specifically, via a collaborative effort involving industry sponsors, university technology services, and multiple academic units engaged in information technology education, a graduate-level course called Mobile Applications Development (MAD) was created. The core innovativeness of MAD lies in its delivery structure as a problem-based learning course-centered on emerging technologies like mobile technology-that brings together students with diverse backgrounds from different academic units across the campus. MAD culminates in an industry-sponsored competition, where student teams present their mobile solution to a panel of expert judges from industry and higher education. Via MAD and the associated competitions, students, faculty, and institutional partners can explore the opportunities and challenges associated with mobile technologies. This paper discusses how problem-based learning principles guided the design and implementation of MAD. A multiperspective assessment of the success of MAD is offered. Finally, key lessons learned and guidance to assist other educators are also offered


Drawing from the formal setting of the optimal tax theory (Mirrlees 1971), the paper identifies the level of Rawlsianism of some European social planners starting from the observation of real data and redistribution systems and uses it to build a metric that allows measuring the degree of (dis)similarity of the redistribution systems analyzed. It must be considered as a contribution to the comparative research on the structure and typology of the Welfare State. In particular we consider the optimal taxation model that combines both intensive and extensive margins of labor supply, as suggested by Saez (2002) in order to assess the degree of decommodification of seven European welfare systems. We recover the shape of the social welfare function implicit in tax-benefit systems by inverting the model on actual effective tax rates, as if existing systems were optimal according to some Mirrleesian social planner. Actual distributions of incomes before and after redistribution are obtained using a pan-European tax-benefit microsimulation model. Results are discussed in the light of standard classifications of welfare regimes in Europe. There appears to be a clear coincidence of high decommodification willingness and high Rawlsianism in the Scandinavian, social-democratically influenced welfare states (Denmark). There is an equally clear coincidence of low decommodification willingness and utilitarianism in the Anglo-Saxon liberal model (UK) and in the Southern European welfare states (Italy and Spain). Finally, the Continental European countries (Finland, Germany and France) group closely together in the middle of the scale, as corporatist and etatist.


Background Loss of function in either breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (BRCA1) or breast cancer type 2 susceptibility protein (BRCA2) is a major risk factor for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) development. BRCA1 or BRCA2 deficiencies are associated with short-term prognosis and might have importance for the treatment of women with the disease. However, the screening of all possible mechanisms of dysfunction is expensive, time-consuming and difficult to apply in clinical practice. On the other hand, immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a simple and reliable method to access the expression of several proteins in tumour tissues. Materials and methods This systematic review aims to evaluate the current usage of IHC to detect BRCA1 and BRCA2 deficiencies in EOC. We searched and evaluated all primary literature on the use of IHC for evaluating BRCA1 and BRCA2 proteins expression in EOC. The main concepts for the search were: ovarian neoplasms, IHC, BRCA1 and BRCA2. Results Forty-four studies from 925 unique titles were included. A total of 4206 tumour samples were evaluated for BRCA1 and 1041 for BRCA2 expression. Twelve BRCA1 primary antibodies were used in 41 studies, and the most common was the MS110 clone (75.6%). Seven BRCA2 primary antibodies were used in ten studies. Using the cut-off of 10%, 47.0% of EOCs are associated with loss of BRCA1 and 34.5% with the loss of BRCA2 expression. Conclusion IHC was effective to detect loss of BRCA1 protein expression in EOC; however, data on BRCA2 expression were heterogeneous and difficult to interpret.


A Brief Guide to Getting the Most from This Book Preface To The Student About the Author 1. Algebra, Mathematical Models, and Problem Solving 1.1 Algebraic Expressions and Real Numbers 1.2 Operations with Real Numbers and Simplifying Algebraic Expressions 1.3 Graphing Equations 1.4 Solving Linear Equations Mid-Chapter Check Point Section 1.1--Section 1.4 1.5 Problem Solving and Using Formulas 1.6 Properties of Integral Exponents 1.7 Scientific Notation Chapter 1 Group Project Chapter 1 Summary Chapter 1 Review Exercises Chapter 1 Test 2. Functions and Linear Functions 2.1 Introduction to Functions 2.2 Graphs of Functions 2.3 The Algebra of Functions Mid-Chapter Check Point Section 2.1--Section 2.3 2.4 Linear Functions and Slope 2.5 The Point-Slope Form of the Equation of a Line Chapter 2 Group Project Chapter 2 Summary Chapter 2 Review Exercises Chapter 2 Test Cumulative Review Exercises (Chapters 1--2) 3. Systems of Linear Equations 3.1 Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables 3.2 Problem Solving and Business Applications Using Systems of Equations 3.3 Systems of Linear Equations in Three Variables Mid-Chapter Check Point Section 3.1--Section 3.3 3.4 Matrix Solutions to Linear Systems 3.5 Determinants and Cramer's Rule Chapter 3 Group Project Chapter 3 Summary Chapter 3 Review Exercises Chapter 3 Test Cumulative Review Exercises (Chapters 1--3) 4. Inequalities and Problem Solving 4.1 Solving Linear Inequalities 4.2 Compound Inequalities 4.3 Equations and Inequalities Involving Absolute Value Mid-Chapter Check Point Section 4.1--Section 4.3 4.4 Linear Inequalities in Two Variables 4.5 Linear Programming Chapter 4 Group Project Chapter 4 Summary Chapter 4 Review Exercises Chapter 4 Test Cumulative Review Exercises (Chapters 1--4) 5. Polynomials, Polynomial Functions, and Factoring 5.1 Introduction to Polynomials and Polynomial Functions 5.2 Multiplication of Polynomials 5.3 Greatest Common Factors and Factoring By Grouping 5.4 Factoring Trinomials Mid-Chapter Check Point Section 5.1--Section 5.4 5.5 Factoring Special Forms 5.6 A General Factoring Strategy 5.7 Polynomial Equations and Their Applications Chapter 5 Group Project Chapter 5 Summary Chapter 5 Review Exercises Chapter 5 Test Cumulative Review Exercises (Chapters 1--5) 6. Rational Expressions, Functions, and Equations 6.1 Rational Expressions and Functions: Multiplying and Dividing 6.2 Adding and Subtracting Rational Expressions 6.3 Complex Rational Expressions 6.4 Division of Polynomials Mid-Chapter Check Point Section 6.1--Section 6.4 6.5 Synthetic Division and the Remainder Theorem 6.6 Rational Equations 6.7 Formulas and Applications of Rational Equations 6.8 Modeling Using Variation Chapter 6 Group Project Chapter 6 Summary Chapter 6 Review Exercises Chapter 6 Test Cumulative Review Exercises (Chapters 1--6) 7. Radicals, Radical Functions, and Rational Exponents 7.1 Radical Expressions and Functions 7.2 Rational Exponents 7.3 Multiplying and Simplifying Radical Expressions 7.4 Adding, Subtracting, and Dividing Radical Expressions Mid-Chapter Check Point Section 7.1--Section 7.4 7.5 Multiplying with More Than One Term and Rationalizing Denominators 7.6 Radical Equations 7.7 Complex Numbers Chapter 7 Group Project Chapter 7 Summary Chapter 7 Review Exercises Chapter 7 Test Cumulative Review Exercises (Chapters 1--7) 8. Quadratic Equations and Functions 8.1 The Square Root Property and Completing the Square 8.2 The Quadratic Formula 8.3 Quadratic Functions and Their Graphs Mid-Chapter Check Point Section 8.1--Section 8.3 8.4 Equations Quadratic in Form 8.5 Polynomial and Rational Inequalities Chapter 8 Group Project Chapter 8 Summary Chapter 8 Review Exercises Chapter 8 Test Cumulative Review Exercises (Chapters 1--8) 9. Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 9.1 Exponential Functions 9.2 Composite and Inverse Functions 9.3 Logarithmic Functions 9.4 Properties of Logarithms Mid-Chapter Check Point Section 9.1--Section 9.4 9.5 Exponential and Logarithmic Equations 9.6 Exponential Growth and Decay Modeling Data Chapter 9 Group Project Chapter 9 Summary Chapter 9 Review Exercises Chapter 9 Test Cumulative Review Exercises (Chapters 1--9) 10. Conic Sections and Systems of Nonlinear Equations 10.1 Distance and Midpoint Formulas Circles 10.2 The Ellipse 10.3 The Hyperbola Mid-Chapter Check Point Section 10.1--Section 10.3 10.4 The Parabola Identifying Conic Sections 10.5 Systems of Nonlinear Equations in Two Variables Chapter 10 Group Project Chapter 10 Summary Chapter 10 Review Exercises Chapter 10 Test Cumulative Review Exercises (Chapters 1--10) 11. More on Polynomial and Rational Functions 11.1 Polynomial Functions and Their Graphs 11.2 Zeros of Polynomial Functions Mid-Chapter Check Point Section 11.1--Section 11.2 11.3 Rational Functions and Their Graphs Chapter 11 Group Project Chapter 11 Summary Chapter 11 Review Exercises Chapter 11 Test Cumulative Review Exercises (Chapters 1--11) 12. Sequences, Induction, and Probability 12.1 Sequences and Summation Notation 12.2 Arithmetic Sequences 12.3 Geometric Sequences and Series Mid-Chapter Check Point Section 12.1--Section 12.3 12.4 The Binomial Theorem 12.5 Mathematical Induction 12.6 Counting Principles, Permutations, and Combinations 12.7 Probability Chapter 12 Group Project Chapter 12 Summary Chapter 12 Review Exercises Chapter 12 Test Cumulative Review Exercises (Chapters 1--12) Appendix Where Did That Come From? Selected Proofs Answers to Selected Exercises Graphing Answer Section Applications Index Subject Index Photo Credits


The transformation processes towards a sustainable development are complex. How can science contribute towards new solutions and ideas leading to change in practice? The authors of this book discuss these questions along the energy transition in the building sector.
A transformative research that leaves the neutral observer position needs appropriate concepts and methods: how can knowledge from different disciplines and from practice be integrated in order to be able to explain and understand complex circumstances and interrelations? What role do complex (agent-based) models and experiments play in this respect? Which mix of methods is required in transformative science in order to actively support the actors in transformation processes?
Theses questions are illustrated by the example of the BMBF funded project "EnerTransRuhr".


With the older adult population of the United States growing at a rapid pace, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) is concerned with highway safety issues affecting this age group. NHTSA initiated a three-stage research study in order to gain a better understanding of the factors that contribute to seat belt use or nonuse among people 65 and older. The first stage included a literature review; discussions with experts in the fields of aging, vehicle design, law enforcement, physical mobility and human factors; and analyses of several national databases. This background research was followed by a series of 15 focus groups with older adults in four States. Participants discussed experiences and difficulties associated with seat belt use. Relevant topics included issues with comfort and convenience, effects of physiological conditions, trip and vehicle characteristics, presence of other passengers, types of media and communication tools to increase belt use among their peers, and a discussion of various seat-belt-related aftermarket devices. These focus groups pointed to a series of common seat-belt-related concerns and complaints among this select population. The final stage of the project was a human factors field study that provided detailed observation and measurement of seat belt use and acceptability among older occupants targeting comfort, convenience, and usability issues. Fifty-four older adults were exposed to six different seat belt systems and provided ratings regarding comfort, convenience, and likelihood of use. Participants also gave detailed descriptions of their experiences with the different systems, pointing out specific problems with usability and comfort. Conclusions include information to support the development of strategies to increase seat belt use among older adults and ideas for future related research on this topic.


The purpose of this article is to articulate the need for a strong commitment to transgender inclusion in sport and physical activity, including in locker rooms and team spaces. The authors begin by defining key constructs and offering a theoretical overview of stigma toward transgender individuals. The focus then shifts to the changing opportunities for transgender athletes at all participation levels, case law and rulings germane to the topic, and the psychological, physical, and social outcomes associated with inclusion and exclusion. Next, the authors present frequently voiced concerns about transgender inclusion, with an emphasis on safety and privacy. Given the review, the authors present the case for inclusive locker rooms, which permit access by transgender athletes to facilities that correspond to their gender identity. The authors conclude with the official AKA position statement—"The American Kinesiology Association endorses inclusive locker rooms, by which we mean sex-segregated facilities that are open to transgender athletes on the basis of their gender identity"—and implications for sport and physical activity.


Modern financial economics assumes that we behave with extreme rationality but we do not. Furthermore, our deviations from rationality are often systematic. Behavioral finance relaxes the traditional assumptions of financial economics by incorporating these observable, systematic, and very human departures from rationality into standard models of financial markets. This paper describes empirical tests of two predictions of behavioral finance: that investors tend to sell their winning stocks and to hold on to their losers and that, as a result of overconfidence, investors trade too much. Statman and Shefrin (1985) predict that investors will sell their winning investments too soon and hold on to their losers too long. They dub this tendency the disposition effect. Using account data from a large discount broker, we document that individual investors are 50 percent more likely to sell a winning investment than a losing investment (relative to their opportunities to do so). The analysis also indicates that many investors engage in tax-motivated selling, especially in December. Alternative explanations have been proposed for why investors might realize their profitable investments while retaining their losing investments. Investors may rationally, or irrationally, believe that their current losers will in the future outperform their current winners. They may sell winners to rebalance their portfolios. Or they may refrain from selling losers due to the higher transactions costs of trading at lower prices. When the data are controlled for rebalancing and for share price, the disposition effect is still observed. And the winning investments that investors choose to sell continue in subsequent months to outperform the losers they keep. This investment behavior is difficult to justify rationally; it is pure folly in an investor?s taxable account. It is difficult to reconcile the volume of trading observed in equity markets with the trading needs of rational investors. Rational investors make periodic contributions and withdrawals from their investment portfolios, rebalance their portfolios, and trade to minimize their taxes. Those possessed of superior information may trade speculatively, though rational speculative traders will generally not choose to trade with each other. It is unlikely that rational trading needs account for a turnover rate of 76 percent on the New York Stock Exchange in 1998. We believe there is a simple and powerful explanation for high levels of trading on financial markets: overconfidence. Human beings are overconfident about their abilities, their knowledge, and their future prospects. Odean (1998b) shows that overconfident investors trade more than rational investors and that doing so lowers their expected utilities. Greater overconfidence leads to greater trading and to lower expected utility. We present evidence that the average individual investor pays an extremely large performance penalty for trading. Those investors who trade most actively earn, on average, the lowest returns. And the stocks individual investors purchase do not outperform those they sell by enough to even cover the costs of trading. In fact, the stocks individual investors purchase, on average, subsequently underperform those they sell. This is the case even when trading is not apparently motivated by liquidity demands, tax-loss selling, portfolio rebalancing, or a move to lower-risk stocks. Our common psychological heritage insures that we systematically share decision biases that can lead to suboptimal investment behavior. Overconfidence provides the will to act on these biases. It gives us the courage of our misguided convictions.


The precision of the two-layer cloud height fields derived from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is explored and quantified for a five-day set of observations. Coincident profiles of vertical cloud structure by CloudSat, a 94 GHz profiling radar, and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), are compared to AIRS for a wide range of cloud types. Bias and variability in cloud height differences are shown to have dependence on cloud type, height, and amount, as well as whether CloudSat or CALIPSO is used as the comparison standard. The CloudSat-AIRS biases and variability range from −4.3 to 0.5±1.2–3.6 km for all cloud types. Likewise, the CALIPSO-AIRS biases range from 0.6–3.0±1.2–3.6 km (−5.8 to −0.2±0.5–2.7 km) for clouds ≥7 km (<7 km). The upper layer of AIRS has the greatest sensitivity to Altocumulus, Altostratus, Cirrus, Cumulonimbus, and Nimbostratus, whereas the lower layer has the greatest sensitivity to Cumulus and Stratocumulus. Although the bias and variability generally decrease with increasing cloud amount, the ability of AIRS to constrain cloud occurrence, height, and amount is demonstrated across all cloud types for many geophysical conditions. In particular, skill is demonstrated for thin Cirrus, as well as some Cumulus and Stratocumulus, cloud types infrared sounders typically struggle to quantify. Furthermore, some improvements in the AIRS Version 5 operational retrieval algorithm are demonstrated. However, limitations in AIRS cloud retrievals are also revealed, including the existence of spurious Cirrus near the tropopause and low cloud layers within Cumulonimbus and Nimbostratus clouds. Likely causes of spurious clouds are identified and the potential for further improvement is discussed.


Interview with Gilberto S. Trevino, a U. S. Marine during World War II. He attended Texas A&M before serving in the Marine Corps. He was in the 28th Replacement Battalion when he was assigned to the 3d Marine Division and deployed to Iwo Jima. He discusses his first impressions of landing on the island. He describes the constructed Japanese defenses on the island and the use of Japanese Nisei interpreters to convince defenders to surrender. He returned to Texas A&M where he was in the Corps of Cadets (ROTC) and accepted his commission in the Army in time to serve in Korea. He eventually earned his Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from Texas A&M and a doctorate degree in pathology from Michigan State University. He retired from service in 1976 with the rank of colonel.


Unlock your mind From the bestselling authors of Thinking, Fast and Slow; The Black Swan; and Stumbling on Happiness comes a cutting-edge exploration of the mysteries of rational thought, decision-making, intuition, morality, willpower, problem-solving, prediction, forecasting, unconscious behavior, and beyond. Edited by John Brockman, publisher of Edge.org ("The world's smartest website"-The Guardian), Thinking presents original ideas by today's leading psychologists, neuroscientists, and philosophers who are radically expanding our understanding of human thought. Daniel Kahneman on the power (and pitfalls) of human intuition and "unconscious" thinking * Daniel Gilbert on desire, prediction, and why getting what we want doesn't always make us happy * Nassim Nicholas Taleb on the limitations of statistics in guiding decision-making * Vilayanur Ramachandran on the scientific underpinnings of human nature * Simon Baron-Cohen on the startling effects of testosterone on the brain * Daniel C. Dennett on decoding the architecture of the "normal" human mind * Sarah-Jayne Blakemore on mental disorders and the crucial developmental phase of adolescence * Jonathan Haidt, Sam Harris, and Roy Baumeister on the science of morality, ethics, and the emerging synthesis of evolutionary and biological thinking * Gerd Gigerenzer on rationality and what informs our choices


A really wearable input device "FingeRing" is developed for coming wearable PDAs. By attaching ring shaped sensors on each finger, many commands or characters can be input by finger-tip typing action. "FingeRing" can be used on any typing surface such as a knee or desk, so quick operation is realized in any situation while standing or walking. To improve wearability, a very small, ultra low power wireless transmitter is developed that uses the human body ss part of an electric circuit. "Direct Cou-pling" method enables stable communication even when body contacts any grounded surface. A new symbol coding method that combines order and chord typing is also proposed, and useful typing patterns are chosen by typing speed evaluations. Expert users of musical keyboards can input 52 different symbols at speeds of over 200 symbols per minute by using the combination of FingeRing and the new coding method.


This article assesses the impact of public investment in supportive housing for homeless persons with severe mental disabilities. Data on 4,679 people placed in such housing in New York City between 1989 and 1997 were merged with data on the utilization of public shelters, public and private hospitals, and correctional facilities. A series of matched controls who were homeless but not placed in housing were similarly tracked. Regression results reveal that persons placed in supportive housing experience marked reductions in shelter use, hospitalizations, length of stay per hospitalization, and time incarcerated. Before placement, homeless people with severe mental illness used about $40,449 per person per year in services (1999 dollars). Placement was associated with a reduction in services use of $16,282 per housing unit per year. Annual unit costs are estimated at $17,277, for a net cost of $995 per unit per year over the first two years.


Background: This article examines the subjective impact of medical cannabis on the use of both licit and illicit substances via self-report from 404 medical cannabis patients recruited from four dispensaries in British Columbia, Canada. The aim of this study is to examine a phenomenon called substitution effect, in which the use of one product or substance is influenced by the use or availability of another. Methods: Researchers teamed with staff representatives from four medical cannabis dispensaries located in British Columbia, Canada to gather demographic data of patient-participants as well as information on past and present cannabis, alcohol and substance use. A 44-question survey was used to anonymously gather data on the self-reported impact of medical cannabis on the use of other substances. Results: Over 41% state that they use cannabis as a substitute for alcohol (n = 158), 36.1% use cannabis as a substitute for illicit substances (n = 137), and 67.8% use cannabis as a substitute for prescription drugs (n = 259). The three main reasons cited for cannabis-related substitution are "less withdrawal" (67.7%), "fewer side-effects" (60.4%), and "better symptom management" suggesting that many patients may have already identified cannabis as an effective and potentially safer adjunct or alternative to their prescription drug regimen. Discussion: With 75.5% (n = 305) of respondents citing that they substitute cannabis for at least one other substance, and in consideration of the growing number of studies with similar findings and the credible biological mechanisms behind these results, randomized clinical trials on cannabis substitution for problematic substance use appear justified.


Disputes, disagreement, ambiguity, and ambivalence have marked the law of affirmative action since it came to prominence in the Civil Rights Era, nearly 50 years ago. These current controversies might be attributed to modern attitudes, and in particular, the need to delay enforcement of a strict colorblind conception of prohibitions against discrimination until the continuing effects of racial and ethnic discrimination have been eliminated. But a look at the origins of the civil rights law in Reconstruction belies this modernist perspective, which foreshortens debates to the aftermath of Brown v. Board of Education rather than rediscovering their origins in Reconstruction. This article attempts to rediscover those origins by re-examining the legislative history and immediate reception of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 as it bears upon race-conscious remedies for racial discrimination. The argument proceeds in three parts. The first concerns the 1866 Act itself and the congressional debates over it, which featured charges of special treatment despite the neutral terms of the act. The second compares the act to the legislation authorizing the Freedmen's Bureau, where arguments of special treatment carried more force, so much so that the authorization for the bureau had to remain temporary and it lapsed well before Reconstruction ended. The third part briefly considers the implications of this comparison for modern civil rights law, and in particular, for constitutional arguments over affirmative action. No one-to-one correspondence exists between the legislative debates in 1866 and constitutional arguments today, but the debates then have left their traces now in concerns over special remedies for discrimination, and in particular, over how long they last.


Suggestions for topics suitable for these Point/Counterpoint debates should be addressed to Colin G. Orton, Professor Emeritus, Wayne State University, Detroit: firstname.lastname@example.com. Persons participating in Point/Counterpoint discussions are selected for their knowledge and communicative skill. Their positions for or against a proposition may or may not reflect their personal opinions or the positions of their employers.


It is tempting to attribute variations in support for nuclear power to prominent accidents such as Three Mile Island in the United States or Fukushima in Japan. To illuminate how such attribution can be problematic, the authors discuss the historical context of the Three Mile Island accident in the United States. They point out that the US nuclear industry faced major challenges even before the 1979 accident: Forty percent of all US reactor cancellations between 1960 and 2010, they write, occurred before the accident in Pennsylvania. While safety concerns were undoubtedly a driver of public aversion to new nuclear construction in the United States, the nuclear industry already faced substantial economic and competitiveness obstacles, much like the nuclear industry worldwide before Fukushima.


Using Moodle is a complete, hands-on guide for instructors learning how to use Moodle, the popular course management system (CMS) that enables remote web-based learning and supplements traditional classroom learning. Updated for the latest version, this new edition explains exactly how Moodle works by offering plenty of examples, screenshots and best practices for its many features and plug-in modules. Moodle gives teachers and trainers a powerful set of web-based tools for a flexible array of activities, including assignments, forums, journals, quizzes, surveys, chat rooms, and workshops. This book is not just a how-to manual. Every chapter includes suggestions and case studies for using Moodle effectively. By itself, Moodle won't make your course better. Only by applying effective educational practices can you truly leverage its power. With this book, you will: Get a complete overview CMS in general and Moodle in particular. Review Moodle's basic interface and learn to start a course. Learn to add Moodle tools to your course, and how different tools allow you to give quizzes and assignments, write journals, create pathed lessons, collaboratively develop documents, and record student grades. Discover some of the creative ways teachers have used Moodle. There are plenty of ideas for effectively using each tool. Effectively manage your Moodle course, such as adding and removing users, and creating user groups. Learn to use Moodle's built-in survey functions for assessing your class. Find out how to administer an entire Moodle site. A system administrator usually handles these functions, but if you're on your own, there's a lot of power behind the curtain. Using Moodle is both a guide and a reference manual for this incredibly powerful and flexible CMS. Authored by the Moodle community, this authoritative book also exposes little known but powerful hacks for more technically savvy users, and includes coverage of blogs, RSS, databases, and more. For anyone who is using, or thinking of using, this CMS, Using Moodle is required reading.


In "The New Rules of Lifting for Women", authors Lou Schuler, Cassandra Forsythe and Alwyn Cosgrove present a comprehensive strength, conditioning and nutrition plan destined to revolutionize the way women work out. All the latest studies prove that strength training, not aerobics, provides the key to losing fat and building a fit, strong body. This book refutes the misconception that women will 'bulk up' if they lift heavy weights. Nonsense! It's tough enough for men to pack on muscle, and they have much more of the hormone necessary to build muscle: natural testosterone. Muscles need to be strengthened to achieve a lean, healthy look. Properly conditioned muscles increase metabolism and promote weight loss - it's that simple. The program demands that women put down the 'Barbie' weights, step away from the treadmill and begin a strength and conditioning regime for the natural athlete in every woman. "The New Rules of Lifting for Women" will change the way women see fitness, nutrition and their own bodies.


The purpose of the research is to study the evolving role of the school library and information centre (SLIC) in primary and secondary education in digital Europe, not
only in countries where schools have reached an advanced stage of usage of digital technology in education, but also in less advanced schools. This international research
provides a bridge between two different disciplines – Comparative Education (Sociology) and Library and Information Science (LIS) – and attempts to provide
information to both the educational and library communities throughout Europe regarding the role which SLICs play in the emerging educational global landscape and to determine whether or not these traditional, digital or virtual SLICs, and the work of the school librarian and information specialist, influence the quality of education and improve children's learning outcomes at different levels.
First of all, the study examines a sub-matrix known as the KILM (Kalsbeek Information Literacy Matrix), which was developed as part of an educational matrix between 1997 and 2008 at the Kalsbeek College in Woerden, the Netherlands. The educational matrix attempts to introduce and implement educational reforms, ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) usage, educational technology and new forms of learning throughout the school in a orderly fashion while maintaining a high level of educational quality. This sub-matrix (KILM) identifies the role of the SLIC during the application of the educational matrix.
The study then looks at success criteria which became apparent during the application of the sub-matrix and asks whether or not it would be possible to apply similar strategies to other schools libraries and information centres, firstly at Dutch national level and then in school libraries throughout Europe. The staffing, facilities
and conditions in school libraries and information centres which were studied vary greatly, however, thanks to the willingness of teachers, school librarians and (school)
library associations to share information and data, it has become possible to identify common problems and present some solutions.


In recent years, several high temperature low sag conductors (HTLS) have been developed and are now commercially available. Very few utilities have long-term experience with all the technologies. Moreover, most of the operational experience is at low temperatures. An independent testing program at maximum operational temperatures comparing most of the available technologies would provide useful guidance to utilities considering using such conductors.
This paper describes the approach and results of an international research project assessing the long-term reliability of a wide range of commercially available high temperature conductor systems. Each system was exposed to 4,400 hours of simultaneous mechanical and electrical stresses. A set of standard mechanical and electrical tests were carried out to determine any changes. A conventional ACSR conductor was also tested and provided a validation that the testing program was realistic.
The majority of the conductor systems performed satisfactorily. However the ACSS system joint resistance and the grease on the TACSR performed poorly.


Behind the bitter rivalry between Apple and Google—and how it's reshaping the way we think about technology The rise of smartphones and tablets has altered the industry of making computers. At the center of this change are Apple and Google, two companies whose philosophies, leaders, and commercial acumen have steamrolled the competition. In the age of Android and the iPad, these corporations are locked in a feud that will play out not just in the mobile marketplace but in the courts and on screens around the world. Fred Vogelstein has reported on this rivalry for more than a decade and has rare access to its major players. In Dogfight, he takes us into the offices and board rooms where company dogma translates into ruthless business; behind outsize personalities like Steve Jobs, Apple's now-lionized CEO, and Eric Schmidt, Google's executive chairman; and inside the deals, lawsuits, and allegations that mold the way we communicate. Apple and Google are poaching each other's employees. They bid up the price of each other's acquisitions for spite, and they forge alliances with major players like Facebook and Microsoft in pursuit of market dominance. Dogfight reads like a novel: vivid nonfiction with never-before-heard details. This is more than a story about what devices will replace our cell phones and laptops. It's about who will control the content on those devices and where that content will come from—about the future of media and the Internet in Silicon Valley, New York, and Hollywood.


This research explores one avenue for achieving sustainability within the fashion industry; which as it exists today is unsustainable. The Slow Fashion movement has an existing foundation in the larger fashion industry and is already making strides towards sustainability. The authors used this opportunity to examine a strategic approach, as its current approach is ad hoc. First, the authors assessed the Slow Fashion movement using the 5 level Framework for Strategic Sustainable Development. To analyze the Slow Fashion movement further, the concept of Leverage Points was used to provide a focused lens to assist the author's in navigating through the fashion industry's complex system. Findings were synthesized into thirty strategic recommendations that target various players in the Slow Fashion movement. Three key recommendations will provide the most leverage in strengthening the Slow Fashion movement: 1) Co-create Slow Fashion Principles to represent the values of the movement and a shared definition of sustainability 2) Establish an overarching global network and local chapters for the Slow Fashion movement 3) Harmonize global garment and textile labelling initiatives under a Slow Fashion label.


Antitrust law promotes competition in the service of economic efficiency. Government regulation may or may not promote either competition or efficiency, depending on both the goals of the agency and the effects of industry "capture." Antitrust courts have long included regulated industries within their purview, working to ensure that regulated industries could not use the limits that regulation imposes on the normal competitive process to achieve anticompetitive ends. Doing so makes sense; an antitrust law that ignored anticompetitive behavior in any regulated industry would be a law full of holes. The role of antitrust in policing regulated industries appears to be changing, however. A cluster of Supreme Court decisions in the past decade have fundamentally altered the relationship between antitrust and regulation, placing antitrust law in a subordinate relationship that, some have argued, requires it to defer not just to regulatory decisions but perhaps even to the silence of regulatory agencies in their areas of expertise. Absolute antitrust deference to regulatory agencies makes little sense as a matter either of economics or experience. Economic theory teaches that antitrust courts are better equipped than regulators to assure efficient outcomes in many circumstances. Public choice theory - and long experience - suggests that agencies that start out trying to limit problematic behavior by industries often end up condoning that behavior and even insulating those industries from market forces. And as history has shown, relying on regulatory oversight alone without the backdrop of antitrust law would leave both temporal and substantive gaps in enforcement, which unscrupulous competitors could exploit to the clear detriment of consumers. The mere existence of a competition-conscious regulatory structure cannot guarantee against abuses of that structure, or against exclusionary behavior that falls just beyond its jurisdiction. Indeed - and perhaps ironically - the very regulatory structure that exists to promote competition can create gaming opportunities for competitors bent on achieving anti-competitive goals. Such "regulatory gaming" undermines both the regulatory system itself and the longstanding complementary relationship between regulatory and antitrust law. We argue that the risk of regulatory gaming provides an important example of the need for ongoing antitrust oversight of regulated industries. We define regulatory gaming as private behavior that harnesses pro-competitive or neutral regulations and uses them for exclusionary purposes. We identify three possible instances of regulatory gaming: (1) product-hopping, in which the branded company makes repeated changes in drug formulation to prevent generic substitution, rather than to improve the efficacy of the drug product; (2) manipulation of government standard-setting organizations; and (3) claims of price squeezes by partially regulated industries. Our goal in this paper is not to persuade the reader that these particular examples of regulatory gaming do or do not violate the antitrust laws. Rather, our point is that whether or not particular acts of regulatory gaming harm competition is and should be an antitrust question, not merely one that involves interpreting statutes or agency regulations. Some level of antitrust enforcement - with appropriate deference to firm decisions about product design and affirmative regulatory decisions that affect market conditions - provides a necessary check on behavior, such as product hopping, that has no purpose but to exclude competition.


In a letter to the editor (AI Magazine, Winter 1989), Benjamin Kuipers criticizes various points made in an earlier paper of ours (Akman and ten Hagen 1989). First, a side (nonetheless important) remark: Although Kuipers asserts that he distributes QSIM to interested researchers, our experience has been otherwise. Akman has tried twice to obtain QSIM, without success. Although Kuipers promised to deliver a copy -- QSIM was under revision at the time of Akman's request (this being as early as winter 1988) -- the program was never sent. So much for the availability of QSIM. . . . Kuipers' letter is full of sweeping generalizations that are so much against the nature of scientific enterprise. We should also add that we are disappointed to see Kuipers employing universal truths and unarguable facts such as ". . . if you build the wrong model, the predictions derived from that model are likely to be wrong" or ". . . guarantees of mathematical validity [are] necessary for any science" as his main cheval de bataille. In the following we'll point out, one by one, the weaknesses of QSIM. Our task will be easy since we shall merely reproduce, almost verbatim, Kuipers' own sentences (Kuipers 1986) and, additionally, Janowski's (1987) views. (The latter reference gives an excellent review of QSIM's disadvantages.) Then, we'll let the reader judge.


The traditional view that male revues are liberating to women is challenged. This study suggests that the show is created to feel liberating while working to reinforce current gender norms. Turner's theory of liminality is paired with Goffman's theory of action and Simmel's ideas about flirtation as social form to investigate the simultaneity of the customary and its opposite in adult play. Observations were made at six male revues, four of which were in the Triad region of North Carolina. The remaining observations were located in a well-known tourist destination in Nevada. The results indicate that the male revue is a liminal setting in which gender norms are rigidly upheld and abandoned to create the feeling of liberation among the women. There is no evidence to substantiate that this liberation is more than a feeling.


This contribution to a symposium on the morality of preventive restriction on liberty begins by describing the positive law of preventive detention, which I term "desert/disease jurisprudence." Then it provides a brief excursus about risk prediction (estimation), which is at the heart of all preventive detention practices. Part IV considers whether proposed expansions of desert jurisprudence are consistent with retributive theories of justice, which ground desert jurisprudence. I conclude that this is a circle that cannot be squared. The following Part canvasses expansions of disease jurisprudence, especially the involuntary civil commitment of mentally abnormal, sexually violent predators, and the use of post-insanity acquittal involuntary commitment. This Part also considers whether disease jurisprudence might justifiably be extended to problematic classes of agents such as psychopaths. I argue that sexual predator commitments are blatantly punishment by other means despite the Supreme Court's approval of them as forms of civil commitment and that other attempts to expand disease jurisprudence are artificial or unworkable. Next, I consider frankly consequentialist approaches to preventive detention. I suggest that they are conceptually coherent but politically and practically unacceptable. A brief conclusion suggests that the respect for liberty and autonomy is best guaranteed by genuine desert and disease limitations on detention, although there will be a cost to public safety.


Singleton, Debbie. The King Who Wouldn't Sleep . Illus. Holly Swain. London: Anderson Press, 2012. Print. The King featured in this fairytale picture book is a man on a mission. He refuses to nod off until he finds the perfect mate for his lovely daughter, so he interviews a long line of princes, but of course "not one of them was quite perfect". The illustrations of princes in all shapes and sizes are highly amusing, and the prince with the "extraordinary mustache" is especially charming. Despite the King's indifference to this motley crew, the princes refuse to give up, so they decide that the only way to talk to the princess is to make the King fall asleep. They present him with sleeping potions, stuffed animals, blankets, bedtime stories, and every imaginable soporific gift, but the King will not be deceived; indeed, he gives everything to his servants, who immediately fall asleep, leaving no one in the palace to cook his dinner.  Princes continue to come and go but no one makes the cut. A young farmer witnesses all the comings and goings and decides to approach the King with successive gifts of farm animals, but the King shoos him away at every turn. That is, until the farmer returns with an entire flock of sheep and encourages the King to count them to ensure that all one hundred are present and accounted for. Presto! The King finally falls asleep. Everyone is impressed with the clever farmer, especially the princess, and so they get married, have a magnificent wedding, and live happily ever after. The comical story, complemented by cheerful illustrations, provides plenty of entertainment for young readers. Recommended: 3 out of 4 stars Reviewer: Robert Desmarais Robert Desmarais is Head of Special Collections at the University of Alberta and Managing Editor of  The Deakin Review of Children's Literature . A graduate of the University of Toronto's Faculty of Information Studies, with a Book History and Print Culture designation, he also has university degrees in English literature and publishing. He has been collecting and enjoying children's books for as long as he can remember.


An inside look at whos watching you, what they know and why it matters. We are being watched. We see online ads from websites weve visited, long after weve moved on to other interests. Our smartphones and cars transmit our location, enabling us to know whats in the neighborhood but also enabling others to track us. And the federal government, we recently learned, has been conducting a massive data-gathering surveillance operation across the Internet and on our phone lines. In Dragnet Nation, award-winning investigative journalist Julia Angwin reports from the front lines of Americas surveillance economy, offering a revelatory and unsettling look at how the government, private companies, and even criminals use technology to indiscriminately sweep up vast amounts of our personal data. In a world where we can be watched in our own homes, where we can no longer keep secrets, and where we can be impersonated, financially manipulated, or even placed in a police lineup, Angwin argues that the greatest long-term danger is that we start to internalize the surveillance and censor our words and thoughts, until we lose the very freedom that makes us unique individuals. Appalled at such a prospect, Angwin conducts a series of experiments to try to protect herself, ranging from quitting Google to carrying a burner phone, showing how difficult it is for an average citizen to resist the dragnets reach. Her book is a cautionary tale for all of us, with profound implications for our values, our society, and our very selves.


The following study presents two articles written to explore the scope of resident attitudes toward the impacts of tourism, the conceptual frameworks, and associated theories that provide the foundation of resident attitude studies. Particular emphasis is placed on research regarding sociocultural impacts, and more specifically, the impact of tourism on changing social roles and the role of women. The first article of this study presents a detailed examination of existing literature related to the above topics and makes suggestions for future research. The second article presents findings from research conducted during the summer of 2010. The goal of this research was to explore resident attitudes toward women-owned and operated tourism businesses in an emerging destination. In line with the research goal, three research questions were developed. A measurement scale was created using a combination of appropriate items modified from previous resident attitude studies and new items derived from literature on women's role in tourism development. Using non-parametric tests of group differences, little variation in attitudes existed among demographic groups and residents' opinions of the costs and benefits had a minor influence on attitudes.


American criminal justice is experiencing a perfect storm of budget-cut criminal justice reform and the awakening of courts to the role of checking penal severity. A wave of reforms is sweeping the states as budgetary shortfalls are leading to measures once virtually impossible or very difficult to enact such as expanded early release, conversion of felonies to misdemeanors and scaling down sentences. On the judicial front, the Supreme Court has resuscitated Eighth Amendment proportionality review and reinvigorated judicial intervention in penal management. The Article argues that these shifts in the social meaning of criminal justice reform from being soft on crime to being fiscally responsible in curbing destructive spending provide political cover for reform and potential for garnering bipartisan support. At this important historical juncture, the Article explores how to transition from emergency-response to sustainable penal law and policy reform. Recent cases such as Brown v. Pena and Graham v. Florida demonstrate the utility and wisdom of judicial nudges when penal politics are mired in incapacitation stagnation. For long-term sustainable change, however, we need guides for the political branches. The Article analyzes the potential of what it terms "rehabilitation pragmatism" to anchor reforms. Rehabilitation pragmatism is cautious and selective in choosing beneficiaries and attentive to the need for evidence of efficacy, cost-effectiveness and success. The Article argues that as we turn to such data-driven approaches in decisionmaking, the distribution of benefits and burdens across historically disadvantaged groups should be an important component of efficacy assessments. Performance measures should take into account human and community as well as fiscal costs. The Article also advocates penal impact analysis to curb the tendency to enact a thicket of criminal laws without consideration of systemic costs. Penal impact analysis provides for front-end examination of the fiscal consequences of criminal legislation, curbing the pathological politics of crime.