A tree full of enormous spiders; curtains like a dead man's hair; an old man with no heart - these are some of the things that readers will discover in these terrifying short stories. "Penguin Readers" is a series of simplified novels, film novelizations and original titles that introduce students at all levels to the pleasures of reading in English. Originally designed for teaching English as a foreign language, the series' combination of high interest level and low reading age makes it suitable for both English-speaking teenagers with limited reading skills and students of English as a second language. Many titles in the series also provide access to the pre-20th century literature strands of the National Curriculum English Orders. "Penguin Readers" are graded at seven levels of difficulty, from "Easystarts" with a 200-word vocabulary, to Level 6 (Advanced) with a 3000-word vocabulary. In addition, titles fall into one of three sub-categories: "Contemporary", "Classics" or "Originals". At the end of each book there is a section of enjoyable exercises focusing on vocabulary building, comprehension, discussion and writing. Some titles in the series are available with an accompanying audio cassette, or in a book and cassette pack. Additionally, selected titles have free accompanying "Penguin Readers Factsheets" which provide stimulating exercise material for students, as well as suggestions for teachers on how to exploit the Readers in class.


BACKGROUND
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) consists of a heterogeneous group of particles of varying size and electrophoretic mobility. A predominance of small, more mobile particles is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease.

AIM
To investigate the hypothesis that untreated patients with essential hypertension in the absence of vascular disease may exhibit abnormalities of LDL subfractions.

SETTING
Specialist hypertension clinic.

DESIGN
Cross-sectional study.

METHODS
Following disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the mean (LDL locus) and heterogeneity (LDL spread) of mobility was recorded in 41 patients (mean age 52.6 years, 24 men) presenting with untreated essential hypertension (in the absence of vascular disease or diabetes mellitus) and in 45 healthy controls (age 56.9 years, 22 men) recruited from primary-care lists.

RESULTS
Although there were no significant differences in total, low- or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations, LDL locus was significantly greater in the hypertensive group: mean (95%CI) 36.7 (35.7-37.6) vs. 34.8 (34.1-35.5), p=0.002. LDL locus was significantly elevated even in hypertensives with triglyceride concentrations below the median (<1.25 mmol/l). LDL spread was also greater in the hypertensive group, but not significantly: 5.6 (5.2-6.0) vs. 5.5 (5.3-5.8), p=0.10.

DISCUSSION
Hypertensive patients have a preponderance of smaller LDL subfractions. This dyslipidaemia is not readily detected by conventional lipid assays.


The "mirror image" theory of cooperative state enforcement of federal immigration law is a phenomenon, one of the most wildly successful legal movements and ideas in decades. The mirror-image theory proposes that states can enact and enforce criminal immigration laws based on federal statutes. The theory that it is unobjectionable for a state to carry out federal policy is the basis of Arizona's SB1070, similar immigration laws already in force in seven states, and copycat bills pending in dozens more. The mirror-image theory has succeeded not only in legislatures, but also as an idea in the larger political culture: it has been embraced by dozens of U.S. Senators and Representatives, by policy groups, private citizens, and commentators including George Will, Sarah Palin, and the editors of the New York Post and Washington Times. The mirror image theory is indeed appealing. But it is also fundamentally flawed. This article, the first to subject the mirror image theory to sustained scholarly scrutiny, demonstrates that the mirror image theory fails to identify a legitimate source of state power to legislate on immigration matters. No one denies that Congress and the Federal executive have exclusive authority over the substance and procedure of admission, exclusion and removal of non-citizens, documented and undocumented. To the extent there has ever been any question, this proposition was firmly established by a pair of Supreme Court decisions from 1876. The mirror image theory does not challenge this deep-rooted idea head-on, but instead proposes that state legislative authority over immigration flows from cases and provisions of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) authorizing states to assist in the enforcement of federal immigration law. However, those authorities contemplated state assistance with enforcement only through arrests. Arrest authority does not imply the power to legislate or prosecute. To the contrary, other provisions of the INA make clear that federal agencies have exclusive power to make prosecutorial and administrative decisions after arrest, and to create supplementary regulations. The mirror image theory rests on the erroneous premise that Congress has implicitly authorized state enforcement of federal immigration law. This article argues that state enforcement would be unconstitutional even if it were explicitly authorized by Congress. First, the federal immigration power is exclusive and non-delegable. Second, criminal prosecution and immigration enforcement is an executive power which Congress cannot remove from the President and share with non-Executive branch officials. Finally, the Supreme Court has held that states cannot prosecute crimes which affect only the sovereign interests of the United States. Accordingly, state immigration prosecutions are irremediably unconstitutional.


The world first publication of a previously unknown work by J.R.R. Tolkien, which tells the extraordinary story of the final days of England's legendary hero, King Arthur. The Fall of Arthur, the only venture by J.R.R. Tolkien into the legends of Arthur King of Britain, may well be regarded as his finest and most skilful achievement in the use of the Old English alliterative metre, in which he brought to his transforming perceptions of the old narratives a pervasive sense of the grave and fateful nature of all that is told: of Arthur's expedition overseas into distant heathen lands, of Guinevere's flight from Camelot, of the great sea-battle on Arthur's return to Britain, in the portrait of the traitor Mordred, in the tormented doubts of Lancelot in his French castle. Unhappily, The Fall of Arthur was one of several long narrative poems that he abandoned in that period. In this case he evidently began it in the earlier nineteen-thirties, and it was sufficiently advanced for him to send it to a very perceptive friend who read it with great enthusiasm at the end of 1934 and urgently pressed him 'You simply must finish it!' But in vain: he abandoned it, at some date unknown, though there is some evidence that it may have been in 1937, the year of the publication of The Hobbit and the first stirrings of The Lord of the Rings. Years later, in a letter of 1955, he said that 'he hoped to finish a long poem on The Fall of Arthur'; but that day never came. Associated with the text of the poem, however, are many manuscript pages: a great quantity of drafting and experimentation in verse, in which the strange evolution of the poem's structure is revealed, together with narrative synopses and very significant if tantalising notes. In these latter can be discerned clear if mysterious associations of the Arthurian conclusion with The Silmarillion, and the bitter ending of the love of Lancelot and Guinevere, which was never written.


Some of the most controversial topics in immigration and citizenship law involve granting lawful immigration status - or citizenship itself - to persons who might otherwise be in the United States unlawfully. In this Article, I examine arguments for and against three ways to confer lawful status: (1) the DREAM Act, which would grant status to many unauthorized migrants who were brought to the United States as children; (2) the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, under which almost all children born on U.S. soil are U.S. citizens; and (3) broad-scale proposals to grant lawful immigration status to a substantial percentage of the current unauthorized population. I first explain how arguments both for and against the DREAM Act reflect some mix of fairness and pragmatism. Though birthright citizenship seems different from the DREAM Act, the arguments are similar. I next show that although children figure much more prominently in the DREAM Act and birthright citizenship, similar patterns of argument apply to broad–scale legalization, and the arguments in favor are just as strong. Finally, I explain that the "rule of law" is a highly malleable concept that provides no persuasive case against any of these ways to confer lawful immigration or citizenship status. Rule of law arguments in favor of conferring status are stronger than rule of law arguments against doing so.


Maximum depth of flooding surface (in cm) in the region landward of the present day shoreline that is inundated for the storm condition and sea-level rise (SLR) scenario indicated. Note: Duration datasets may have occasional gaps in open-coast sections. The Coastal Storm Modeling System (CoSMoS) makes detailed predictions (meter-scale) over large geographic scales (100s of kilometers) of storm-induced coastal flooding and erosion for both current and future sea-level rise (SLR) scenarios. CoSMoS v3.0 for Southern California shows projections for future climate scenarios (sea-level rise and storms) to provide emergency responders and coastal planners with critical storm-hazards information that can be used to increase public safety, mitigate physical damages, and more effectively manage and allocate resources within complex coastal settings. Model details and data sources are outlined in CoSMoS_3.0_Phase_2_Southern_California_Bight:_Summary_of_data_and_methods (available at https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/file/get/57f1d4f3e4b0bc0bebfee139?name=CoSMoS_SoCalv3_Phase2_summary_of_methods.pdf). Phase 2 data for Southern California include flood-hazard information for the coast from the border of Mexico to Pt. Conception. Several changes from Phase 1 projections are reflected in many areas; please read the Summary of methods and inspect output carefully. Data are complete for the information presented.


From Santa Claus to Buffy the Vampire Slayer, from Uncle Sam to Uncle Tom, here is a compelling, eye-opening, and endlessly entertaining compendium of fictional trendsetters and world-shakers who have helped shape our culture and our lives. The 101 Most Influential People Who Never Lived offers fascinating histories of our most beloved, hated, feared, and revered invented icons and the indelible marks they made on civilization, including: # 28: Rosie the Riveter, the buff, blue-collar factory worker who helped jump-start the Women's Liberation movement # 7: Siegfried, the legendary warrior-hero of Teutonic nationalism responsible for propelling Germany into two world wars # 80: Icarus, the headstrong high-flyer who inspired the Wright brothers and humankind's dreams of defying gravity ...while demonstrating the pressing need for flight insurance # 58: Saint Valentine, the hapless, de-canonized loser who lost his heart and head at about the same time # 43: Barbie, the bodacious plastic babe who became a role model for millions of little girls, setting an impossible standard for beauty and style


Introduction. Part I: Solving the World's Problems from Your Front Porch. Chapter 1: Defining Efficiency. Chapter 2: Energy Sources and Sinks. Chapter 3: Eliminating the Guesswork with Home Energy Audits. Chapter 4: Financing Efficiency Improvements. Chapter 5: Making Tradeoffs That Work for You. Part II: Reducing Inefficiencies throughout Your Home. Chapter 6: Keeping Your Home Free from Contaminants. Chapter 7: Sealing and Insulating Your Home. Chapter 8: Getting the Most Out of Your Heating and Air-Conditioning System. Chapter 9: Lighting Your Home More Efficiently. Chapter 10: Watering Down Your Water Consumption. Chapter 11: Pigging Out on Power with Appliances. Chapter 12: Controlling Solar Exposures in Your Home. Chapter 13: Breathing Homes: Ventilation, Fans, and Air Filters. Chapter 14: Reusing and Recycling: Play It Again, Sam. Part III: Putting Alternative Energy Sources to Work for You. Chapter 15: Burning Desires: Wood and Gas Stoves. Chapter 16: Shining a Light on Solar Power for Your Home. Chapter 17: Radiant Heating Systems. Chapter 18: Heating with Biomass Stoves. Chapter 19: Geothermal Energy: Straight from Mother Nature. Part IV: Considering Efficiency When You Buy, Build, or Sell a Home. Chapter 20: Looking at Community Solutions to Energy Efficiency. Chapter 21: Building an Energy-Efficient Home from the Ground Up. Chapter 22: Buying and Selling an Energy-Efficient Home. Part V: The Part of Tens. Chapter 23: Ten Best Energy-Efficient Investments. Chapter 24: Ten Ridiculously Easy Energy-Saving Tips. Chapter 25: Ten Best Solar Investments. Index.


The recent legal education reform movement originated with academics but has been wholly embraced by concerned leaders in the bar, clients, legal employers, and judges. The movement became increasingly relevant because of the changing demands placed on the legal profession itself, and the concomitant need for new skills and strengths in graduating law students. Since 2007 the ABA has considered outcomes reform and through the work of the Standards Review Committee, it has undertaken a comprehensive review of the "ABA Standards and Rules of Procedure for the Approval of Law Schools". In July 2011, the SRC finalized proposals to require accredited law schools to "identify, define, and disseminate" anticipated student learning outcomes and to assess student learning and institutional effectiveness. I have heard many a criticism, fear, and concern raised by legal educators in response to the call for outcomes assessment. Some warn that the legal education reform movement is a form of "over-correction", while others fear that the redirection of energy and resources will undermine the legal academy's scholarly and theoretical underpinnings. Some clinical faculty worry that outcomes will be used to steer resources towards simulation-based opportunities or to conflate the learning involved in direct client experience with the objectives of field placement opportunities. Still others caution that the outcomes movement is being used as a foil for efforts to deregulate legal education, eliminate tenure, and deprive educators of academic freedom. Relying on the expertise of higher education experts, such as Professor Barbara Walvoord, this article examines some of the realities and misconceptions surrounding the use of student learning outcomes. It identifies the likely consequences of institutionalizing an outcomes model, acknowledges the pitfalls, and attempts to allay fears that are based more on antagonism to change than on likely risks. Moving to a process by which we identify and assess outcomes while integrating theory, practice, and professional identity is not a simple matter, but it is an important one. Those who work on legal education reform need to be aware of the benefits, risks, pitfalls, and choices involved in institutionalizing an outcomes approach.


Do collective experiences that prime sentiments of national unity reduce interethnic tensions and conflict? We examine this question by looking at the impact of national football teamsi?½ victories in sub-Saharan Africa. Combining individual survey data with information on official matches played between 2000 and 2015, we find that individuals interviewed in the days after a victory of their countryi?½s national team are less likely to report a strong sense of ethnic identity and more likely to trust people of other ethnicities than those interviewed just before. The effect is sizable and robust and is not explained by generic euphoria or optimism. Crucially, national victories do not only affect attitudes but also reduce violence. Indeed, using plausibly exogenous variation from close qualifications to the Africa Cup of Nations, we find that countries that (barely) qualified experience significantly less conflict in the following six months than countries that (barely) did not. Our findings indicate that, even where ethnic cleavages have deep historical roots, patriotic shocks can reduce inter-ethnic tensions and have a tangible impact on conflict.


We argue that the scale-free spectrum that is observed in the cosmic microwave background is the result of a phase transition in the early universe. The observed tilt of the spectrum, which has been measured to be 0.04, is shown to be equal to the anomalous scaling dimension of the correlation function. The phase transition replaces inflation as the mechanism that produces this spectrum. The tilt further indicates that there is a fundamental small length scale in nature that we have not yet observed in any other way.


The simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics is applied to the numerical computation of the magnetic fields of a three-phase transformer. A three-dimensional model of the geometrical configuration is created with the help of the CAD tools of COMSOL Multiphysics. There, all dimensions of the transformer are defined by parameters. The creation of an optimal finite element mesh is improved by some modifications of the geometrical model. The magnetic field formulation of the AC/DC module of COMSOL Multiphysics is chosen for a static analysis of the transformer. Eddy currents in the iron core are neglected. Nevertheless, a complete period of the timeharmonic currents in the coils is taken into account by a parameter sweep. Finally, the finite element model along with the computed magnetic fields is exported via LiveLink for MATLAB to the visualization software HLRS COVISE for a vivid post-processing within a virtual reality environment.


The primary objective of this research was to explore the experiences of undergraduate distance education students using sample audio versions (provided on compact disc) of the learning guides for their courses. The results of this study indicated that students responded positively to the opportunity to have word-for-word audio versions of their printed learning guides. Students found the audio guides functioned as a way to review course content. After careful review of the comments, the researchers found students want access to additional learning tools that elaborate on the written course content and connect them to traditional classroom lectures and discussions. Additional statistical analysis of the data collected in this study demonstrated a difference between traditional-age students (up to 25 years) and mature-age students (older than 25 years) in their response to the audio versions of the learning guides. More of the mature-age students found the audio version of their study guide to be helpful to their learning. The implications for the findings are numerous, including the need to review existing distance course offerings and incorporate additional audio and visual learning tools for undergraduate university students who are studying through distance education.


This project is designed to fulfill my senior project graduation requirement for the Esther G. Maynor Honors College at the University of North Carolina at Pembroke. This service opportunity consisted of teaching fifth grade science for two days at Washington Park Elementary School in Laurinburg, NC. The steps involved are as follows: planning lectures, creating power point presentations, checking out books from the library, online and text literature research, selecting and gathering materials for experiments, practicing experiments and presentations, evaluating my time at the school, and writing a written component detailing my activities surrounding the project. The topic involved was the weather, and experiments were based on (a) clouds and pollution, and (b) thunder and lightning storms. The service opportunity was extremely successful. I was able to teach the students, and I learned many things from them as well. Future connections have been made at Washington Park Elementary, opening the door for future Honors College students to provide community service there.


Copyright and reuse: The Warwick Research Archive Portal (WRAP) makes this work by researchers of the University of Warwick available open access under the following conditions. Copyright © and all moral rights to the version of the paper presented here belong to the individual author(s) and/or other copyright owners. To the extent reasonable and practicable the material made available in WRAP has been checked for eligibility before being made available.


This paper intends to describe a variety of the problems Blizzard Entertainment has encountered from a practical standpoint through their implementation of the large-scale online game matchmaking and chat service, Battle.net. The paper provides some background historical information into the design and purpose of Battle.net and continues on to discuss a variety of flaws that have been observed in the implementation of the system. Readers should come away with a better understanding of problems that can be easily introduced in designing a matchmaking/chat system to operate on such a large scale in addition to some of the serious security-related consequences of not performing proper parameter validation of untrusted clients.


Although focus groups are adaptable to unique situations, experts warn that the physical environment in which discussions take place should (a) be free from distractions, (b) be neutral, and (c) permit participants to face each other. In 2004 and 2005 the authors experimented with roving focus groups in the rural landscape of Michigan (USA). As they moved along in a vehicle, participants discussed features that contributed to and detracted from rural landscape character. Results from a follow-up survey supported focus group themes. Such a congruence of results provides confidence in the procedure and expands interpretation of the concept, rural character. Qualitative procedures are rarely used to evaluate landscapes. In this study roving focus group results provided reliable and valid policy-relevant criteria at sufficient detail for planning purposes. The authors demonstrate the technology used to record the focus groups and discuss the pros and cons and ways of improving this procedure.


Orientation: Burnout seems to be particularly common amongst professionals who help and enable people to cope with the demands of their daily lives. Motivation for the study: The study focused on the magnitude and nature of burnout amongst Namibian teachers as well as the influence of biographical factors on their levels of burnout. Another aim was to determine the extent to which the results of this study correlate with research findings in other countries. Research design, approach and method: The researchers used a non-experimental research method. The study involved more than 300 secondary school teachers from the Windhoek region of Namibia. They administered the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and a biographical questionnaire to achieve the goals of the study. Main findings: The main findings of the study were that the participants experienced similar levels of burnout compared to teachers in other countries. This was especially true for emotional exhaustion. Teaching experience was the biographical variable that yielded the most significant positive correlation with burnout. Practical/managerial implications: The education authorities should address the emotional needs of secondary school teachers in Namibia urgently. They should introduce effective burnout intervention and prevention programmes. These programmes could result in higher levels of job satisfaction and educational effectiveness. They could also lead to increased general fulfilment and better teacher retention.


What is that makes urban myths so persistent but many everyday truths so eminently forgettable? How do newspapers set about ensuring that their headlines make you want to read on? And why do we remember complicated stories but not complicated facts? In the course of over ten years of study, Chip and Dan Heath have established what it is that determines whether particular ideas or stories stick in our minds or not, and "Made to Stick" is the fascinating outcome of their painstaking research.Packed full of case histories and thought-provoking anecdotes, it shows, among other things, how one Australian scientist convinced the world he'd discovered the cause of stomach ulcers by drinking a glass filled with bacteria, how a gifted sports reporter got people to watch a football match by showing them the outside of the stadium, and how high-concept pitches such as 'Jaws on a spaceship' ("Alien") and 'Die Hard on a bus' ("Speed") convince movie executives to invest vast sums of money in a project on the basis of almost no information. Entertaining and informative by turns, this is a fascinating and multi-faceted account of a key area of human behaviour. At the same time, by showing how we can all use such cleverly devised strategies as the 'Velcro Theory of Memory' and 'curiosity gaps', it offers superbly practical insights, setting out principles we all can adopt to make sure that we get our ideas across effectively.


This report adds new insights to an ongoing debate about the extent of social isolation in America. A widely-reported 2006 study argued that since 1985 Americans have become more socially isolated, the size of their discussion networks has declined, and the diversity of those people with whom they discuss important matters has decreased. In particular, the study found that Americans have fewer close ties to those from their neighborhoods and from voluntary associations. Sociologists Miller McPherson, Lynn Smith-Lovin and Matthew Brashears suggest that new technologies, such as the internet and mobile phone, may play a role in advancing this trend. Specifically, they argue that the type of social ties supported by these technologies are relatively weak and geographically dispersed, not the strong, often locally-based ties that tend to be a part of peoples' core discussion network. They depicted the rise of internet and mobile phones as one of the major trends that pulls people away from traditional social settings, neighborhoods, voluntary associations, and public spaces that have been associated with large and diverse core networks. The survey results reported here were undertaken to explore issues that have not been probed directly in that study and other related research on social isolation: the role of the internet and mobile phone in people's core social networks. This Pew Internet Personal Networks and Community survey finds that Americans are not as isolated as has been previously reported. People's use of the mobile phone and the internet is associated with larger and more diverse discussion networks. And, when we examine people's full personal network – their strong and weak ties – internet use in general and use of social networking services such as Facebook in particular are associated with more diverse social networks. Image: PhOtOnQuAnTiQuE / Flickr


This dissertation focusses on the numerical modelling of resonant destabilization of Alfven eigenmodes by fast ions in fusion plasmas. It especially addresses non-linear simulations of stellarator plasmas in which particle collisions are retained. It is shown that collisions are required for a realistic description of Alfven waves in plasmas relevant to nuclear fusion.

We start by carefully verifying the implementation of the collision operators into the electromagnetic version of the gyro-kinetic delta-f particle-in-cell code EUTERPE. After these initial benchmarks are completed successfully, the code is in a position to be applied to realistic tokamak and stellarator scenarios.

Since every collision operator needs to fulfil conservation laws, a momentum-conserving version of the pitch-angle scattering operator is implemented. This is in particular important for neoclassical transport simulations aimed at computing flux-surface variations of the electrostatic potential in stellarators.

Using the simplified CKA-EUTERPE model (employing a fixed-mode-structure approximation), we perform non-linear simulations in tokamaks and stellarators. We show that the non-linear dynamics of fast-ion-driven Alfven eigenmodes is significantly influenced by collisions. They have the potential to enhance the saturation level and to affect the frequency chirping of the modes.

It is thus concluded that collisions play an essential role in determining Alfven-eigenmode-induced fast-ion transport - an important issue for future fusion devices. In order to address this issue the CKA-EUTERPE model is extended to evolve multiple modes at the same time. First results of this multi-mode version (which enhances the level of realism of the simulations) are shown in the Appendix of the thesis.


Leading innovation expert Alec Ross explains whats next for the world: the advances and stumbling blocks that will emerge in the next ten years, and how we can navigate them. While Alec Ross was working as Senior Advisor for Innovation to the Secretary of State, he traveled to forty-one countries, exploring the latest advances coming out of every continent. From startup hubs in Kenya to R&D labs in South Korea, Ross has seen what the future holds. In The Industries of the Future, Ross shows us what changes are coming in the next ten years, highlighting the best opportunities for progress and explaining why countries thrive or sputter. He examines the specific fields that will most shape our economic future, including robotics, cybersecurity, the commercialization of genomics, the next step for big data, and the coming impact of digital technology on money and markets. In each of these realms, Ross addresses the toughest questions: How will we adapt to the changing nature of work? Is the prospect of cyberwar sparking the next arms race? How can the worlds rising nations hope to match Silicon Valley in creating their own innovation hotspots? And what can todays parents do to prepare their children for tomorrow? Ross blends storytelling and economic analysis to give a vivid and informed perspective on how sweeping global trends are affecting the ways we live. Incorporating the insights of leaders ranging from tech moguls to defense experts, The Industries of the Future takes the intimidating, complex topics that many of us know to be important and boils them down into clear, plainspoken language. This is an essential book for understanding how the world worksnow and tomorrowand a must-read for businesspeople in every sector, from every country.


This book offers full, comprehensive coverage of Microsoft Access. Beyond point-and-click The goal of the Exploring series is to move students beyond the point-and-click, to understanding the why and how behind each skill. And because so much learning takes place outside of the classroom, this series provides learning tools that students can access anywhere, anytime. Students go to college now with a different set of skills than they did years ago. With this in mind, the Exploring series seeks to move students beyond the basics of the software at a faster pace, without sacrificing coverage of the fundamental skills that everyone needs to know. Also available with MyITLab MyITLab is an online homework, tutorial, and assessment program designed for Information Technology (IT) courses, which engages students and improves results. HTML5 Simulation exercises and Live-in-Application Grader projects come with the convenience of auto-grading and instant feedback, helping students learn more quickly and effectively. Digital badges lets students showcase their Microsoft Office or Computer Concepts competencies, keeping them motivated and focused on their future careers. MyITLab builds the critical skills needed for college and career success. Note: You are purchasing a standalone product; MyITLab does not come packaged with this content. Students, if interested in purchasing this title with MyITLab, ask your instructor for the correct package ISBN and Course ID. Instructors, contact your Pearson representative for more information.


Over the last few years, many studies were carried out on the use of legume-based ingredients to supplement cereal-based matrices and produce nutritionally enhanced products. However, little is known about the influence of supplementation on the mixing properties of the enriched cereal-based matrices. The objective of this work was to study the impact of supplementing cereal-based matrices with commercial pea protein isolate or pea protein isolate produced by ultrafiltration/diafiltration using a 50 kDa membrane on the dough mixing properties. Studies were performed using a PertenO Glutomatic to estimate gluten yield, namely in terms of gluten index, wet gluten, dry gluten and water binding capacity, and using a BrabenderO Farinograph to estimate water absorption, dough development time, stability, mixing tolerance index and minimum and maximum water content for dough formation. Four levels of pea protein isolate enrichment were considered: 0, 5, 10 and 15%. Results indicated that level of enrichment has little effect on measured mixing properties compared to the pea protein isolates considered. Isolate processed by membrane technologies takes part to the dough formation which does not seem to be the case with commercial isolate. Higher amount of water is required for dough formation with matrices enriched with commercial pea isolate compared to membrane processed isolate, while stronger dough properties are observed for matrices enriched with membrane processed isolate. This is attributable to the properties of the isolate, namely solubility and state of the proteins (native or denatured), which could impact how they interact with wheat proteins.


Despite a recent surge in the number of studies attempting to measure inequality of opportunity in various countries, methodological differences have so far prevented meaningful international comparisons. This paper presents a comparison of ex-ante measures of inequality of economic opportunity (IEO) across 41 countries, and of the Human Opportunity Index (HOI) for 39 countries. It also examines international correlations between these indices and output per capita, income inequality, and intergenerational mobility. The analysis finds evidence of a "Kuznets curve" for inequality of opportunity, and finds that the IEO index is positively correlated with overall income inequality, and negatively with measures of intergenerational mobility, both in incomes and in years of schooling. The HOI is highly correlated with the Human Development Index, and its internal measure of inequality of opportunity yields very different country rankings from the IEO measure.


This paper presents a multicarrier code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system architecture that is based on complete complementary orthogonal spreading codes. The architecture has several advantages as compared to conventional CDMA systems. Specifically, it offers multiple-access interference-free operation in additive white Gaussian noise channels, reduces cochannel interference significantly, and has the potential of higher capacity and spectral efficiency than conventional CDMA systems. This is accomplished by using an ldquooffset stackedrdquo spreading modulation technique. To maintain good performance in the presence of fading, the offset stacked modulator is followed by a quadrature-amplitude modulation map, which is designed to optimize performance in a fading environment. This new modulation scheme also simplifies the rate-matching algorithms that are relevant for multimedia services and Internet Protocol-based applications.


Mastering Online Marketing is the most comprehensive and up-to-date book available on advanced web marketing. It reveals the secrets that can help take your Internet marketing to a new level. Hundreds of books have been published on online marketing, so what makes this one special? Whether you are new to the subject and looking for a comprehensive overview, or are familiar with the concepts but want to get more from your marketing efforts, with this book, you will learn state-of-the-art techniques and get actionable and practical knowledge to set up an efficient online marketing system to support and improve your business. This book describes the latest developments in Internet marketing and provides detailed and practical knowledge that can help you improve your campaigns to get more visitors, leads, and customers. By using these tools and techniques, you can quickly outperform your competition. Mastering Online Marketing will turn you into an online marketing expert and teach you everything you need to know. Learn more about current trends in Internet marketing, including inbound marketing Create success by attracting more visitors, improving your leads generation, and using refined leads nurturing with effective email marketing Understand what marketing automation is and how new integrated marketing automation systems are changing the game with visitor tracking, progressive lead profiling, and hyper-personalized content Get details on search engine optimization (SEO), search engine marketing, display advertisements, retargeting, remarketing, and search keyword analysis Learn best practices in key areas such as blogging, calls-to-action, landing pages and registration forms, and leads nurturing and marketing emails Leverage content marketing and learn how to create effective marketing assets like blog articles, eBooks, infographics, white papers, checklists, video tutorials, templates, podcasts, webinars, and more Use social media marketing on popular social media and content publishing channels such as Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, YouTube, and SlideShare Measure website user behavior, online and offline campaign results, and goals and key performance indicators (KPIs) with web analytics using Google Analytics Learn more about other tools for Internet marketing, including how to run web surveys and questionnaires, virtual web meetings, and more Get an insight into the future of online marketing, where technologies like adaptive media, big data, and the Internet of Things (IoT) may enable new ways to profile your audience and send more personalized marketing messages Mastering Online Marketing covers everything you need to know about advanced web marketing. This is the book to read if you want to quickly learn state-of-the-art techniques and best practices. Build your online marketing success and improve your business right away! Buy this book now to become an Internet marketing expert and take your web marketing to the next level!


A qualitative model of the spatio-temporal behaviour of distributed parameter systems based on physical fields is presented. Field-based models differ from the object-based models normally used in qualitative physics by treating parameters as continuous entities instead of as attributes of discrete objects. This is especially suitable for natural physical systems, e.g. in ecology. The model is divided into a static and a dynamic part. The static model describes the distribution of each parameter as a qualitative physical field. Composite fields are constructed from intersection models of pairs of fields. The dynamic model describes processes acting on the fields, and qualitative relationships between parameters. Spatio-temporal behaviour is modelIed by interacting temporal processes, influencing single points in space, and spatial processes that gradually spread temporal processes over space. We give an example of a qualitative model of a natural physical system and discuss the ambiguities that arise during simulation.


The introduction of information and communication technology (ICT) to education creates new learning paradigms. We are dwelling in a world which technology has reduced to a global village and the breakthrough in technology is underpinning pedagogical submissions. It may become imperative therefore to have a rethinking on how to ameliorate the constraints of second language users through the applications of modern technologies. The interactions between new technology and pedagogical submissions have been found to an extent to be addressing the heterogeneous needs of second language learners and any global discovery which aims at minimizing learners' constraints is a welcome development in a rapidly changing world of technology. This paper therefore is an overview presentation of how modern technologies can be of assistance to both teachers and students of a second language setting. The rapid growth in ICT experienced by the technologically advanced nations of the world has helped them to overcome some of the barriers in teaching and learning. Applications of modern day's technologies in the field of teaching and learning can make it possible for teachers, students and others to join communities of people well beyond their immediate environment to critically review, analyze, contribute, criticize and organize issues logically and contextually having professionalism and the transformations of the entire society in view. Now, new technologies such as the reported computer enhancements with new software and networking make it much easier for educators to conquer space and time, with the motive of ameliorating constraints and academic conflicting issues. We can now bring learning to virtually any place on earth anytime for the purpose of achieving the desirable learning outcomes.


Congress is considering pension reform in the wake of the tremendous loss in market value of retirement plans during the current recession. This article suggests that this is a historic moment to remedy a previously unidentified, unintended but profound gender disparity embedded in the federal law governing retirement plans in this country. It explores the common perception that while contemporary law and policy aim to facilitate equality within marriage, including in the area of property ownership, embracing equitable distribution in reallocating property upon divorce, the Employment Retirement Income Security Act's (ERISA) structuring of retirement asset accumulation runs counter to this trend and in fact incentivizes the concentration of wealth in the hands of husbands rather than wives within intact marriages. It suggests that in order to remedy this inconsistency and facilitate equality within intact marriages, Congress should amend ERISA to confer an immediate ownership interest in one-half of the assets in each spouse as they are earned and contributed by one spouse, akin to a community property theory of ownership. Each half should then be allocated to a separate account, one in each spouses's name. While this second step may be somewhat inconsistent with the view of marriage as a partnership, it minimizes the risk that one spouse will dominate investment decisions with regard to the assets. In the alternative, ERISA should at least provide that each spouse's defined contribution plan be held in a joint account as a default rule. A less fundamental but equally important additional reform would be to allow married couples to equalize ownership by transferring unlimited amounts between their accounts without triggering income taxation and the 10% early withdrawal penalty. This would be akin to the existing unlimited marital deduction as applied to transfers under the current federal gift tax. The article concludes that, with these amendments, Congress could align federal pension law with the overall movement toward gender equality in marital property law.


Although a country with a relatively small area, Romania has a variety of natural resources, which in time were favourable prerequisites to the development of processing activities. Most of these resources are not able to provide entirely the requisite, but cover parts of it in certain proportions. The territorial distribution of natural resources and the different cultural influences have fostered the development of certain regions or industrial centres of the country. The dynamics of the industrial exploitation of these centres has grown continuously, reaching a paroxysm in the centralised regime, when some of the resources have been largely exhausted. Rapid and often risky industrialisation, relying mainly on the basis of propaganda and not of economic efficiency has led to a falsely balanced development. New industrial structure, both territorial as well as sectorial has proven ineffective in the very first year of transition from the centralised system to the market economy.


This focus of this research was to gain insight into environmental perception as it relates to the connection between ecological and human health. Methodology for this task involved a photo elicitation process, which asked cyclists to photograph certain environments that they experience on a regular basis and discuss them during a formal interview. Findings supported the literature related to traditional ideas of nature as well the scenic aesthetic as popular environmental views. Appearance played a dominant role in perception of environmental quality, although sense of place, visual literacy, and other personal connections were highly important as well. Subjects displayed traits of anthropocentric, biocentric, or ecocentric viewpoints, with the majority of the participants falling into the biocentric category.


Aggregator websites typically present documents in the form of representative clusters. In order for users to get a broader perspective, it is important to deliver a diversified set of representative documents in those clusters. One approach to diversification is to maximize the average dissimilarity among documents. Another way to capture diversity is to avoid showing several documents from the same category (e.g. from the same news channel). We combine the above two diversification concepts by modeling the latter approach as a (partition) matroid constraint, and study diversity maximization problems under matroid constraints. We present the first constant-factor approximation algorithm for this problem, using a new technique. Our local search 0.5-approximation algorithm is also the first constant-factor approximation for the max-dispersion problem under matroid constraints. Our combinatorial proof technique for maximizing diversity under matroid constraints uses the existence of a family of Latin squares which may also be of independent interest. In order to apply these diversity maximization algorithms in the context of aggregator websites and as a preprocessing step for our diversity maximization tool, we develop greedy clustering algorithms that maximize weighted coverage of a predefined set of topics. Our algorithms are based on computing a set of cluster centers, where clusters are formed around them. We show the better performance of our algorithms for diversity and coverage maximization by running experiments on real (Twitter) and synthetic data in the context of real-time search over micro-posts. Finally we perform a user study validating our algorithms and diversity metrics.


BACKGROUND
A positive Hutchinson's sign indicates an increased risk of ocular involvement in herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO). We examined the sensitivity of Hutchinson's sign as an indicator of ocular involvement in a consecutive series of patients presenting with HZO.

METHODS
We conducted a descriptive observational prospective study of patients > or =18 years old presenting with HZO and consenting to pre-and post-test counselling and HIV and CD4 testing. A full ophthalmological examination focused on the extent of ocular involvement, and the presence of Hutchinson's sign was confirmed by two clinicians.

RESULTS
Thirty-three patients were enrolled; 29 were HIV positive, of whom 18 (62%) had not been diagnosed with HIV prior to enrollment. Of the 29 HIV-positive patients, 21 (72%) were Hutchinson's sign positive (HSP), all of whom had intra-ocular involvement (95% confidence interval 88 - 100%). Of the 8 HIV-positive, Hutchinson's sign-negative (HSN) patients, 4 did and 4 did not display intra-ocular involvement. Neither the mean CD4 count nor the average age in the HSP group differed significantly from the HSN group.

CONCLUSION
We confirmed that a Hutchinson's sign- and HIV-positive patient with HZO has a very high positive predictive value for intra-ocular involvement. Neither age nor CD4 count had predictive value for ocular involvement. Young adults presenting with HZO should be suspected of having HIV, and HIV-positive patients with HZO but HSN may still have ocular involvement. All patients with HZO should be seen by an ophthalmologist.


This paper describes eight selected 'best practices' cases of the acceleration of technical progress in climate policy. These are cases in which the diffusion of low-carbon technologies has been accelerated by policies, involving not only renewable energies, but also energy efficiency policies (the latter being considered more difficult). The author's objective is to describe the phenomenon and its variants, as well as offering a theoretical interpretation, which focuses on the principle of co-evolution and ecosystem dynamics. This leads to an interplay of three feedback mechanisms subject to demanding targets. Conclusions are then drawn from these sections for an ambitious climate policy that addresses both the acceleration in climate change and the competition for low-carbon technologies in industrial policies.


The present study provides updated information on the occurrence, abundance and biomass distribution patterns and length frequencies of Merluccius merluccius in the Mediterranean Sea, by analysing a time series of data from the Mediterranean International Trawl Surveys (MEDITS) from 1994 to 2015. The highest values of abundance and biomass were observed in the Sardinian Seas. The use of a generalized additive model, in which standardized biomass indices (kg km–2) were analysed as a function of environmental variables, explained how ecological factors could affect the spatio-temporal distribution of European hake biomass in the basin. High biomass levels predicted by the model were observed especially at 200 m depth and between 14°C and 18°C, highlighting the preference of the species for colder waters. A strong reduction of biomass was observed since the year 2009, probably due to the strengthening of the seasonal thermocline that had greatly reduced the availability of food. The general decrease in biomass of several stocks of anchovy and sardine, preys of European hake, might be indirectly connected to the decreasing biomass detected in the present study. The length analysis shows median values lower than 200 mm total length of most of the investigated areas.


The HTML file that contains all the text for this article is about 25,000 bytes. That's less than one of the image files that was also downloaded when you selected this page. Since image files typically are larger than text files and since web pages often contain many images that are transmitted across connections that can be slow, it's helpful to have a way to represent images in a compact format. In this article, we'll see how a JPEG file represents an image using a fraction of the computer storage that might be expected. We'll also look at some of the mathematics behind the newer JPEG 2000 standard.


Abstract This paper presents, the investigation of tunable components based on LTCC technology, implementing ferroelectric tunable thick-film dielectric. The tunable loaded line phase shifters are fabricated with metal-insulator-metal (MIM) varactors to demonstrate the capabilities of this method for packaging of the tunable components. The MIM varactors consist of one tunable dielectric paste layer that is printed between two silver layers. The tunable ferroelectric paste is optimized for LTCC sintering temperature around 850°C. The phase shifters are fabricated in two different process. They were achieved a figure of merit of 24°/dB (phase shift 192°) at 3 GHz and 18°/dB (phase shift 98°) at 4.4 GHz by using seven unit cells that each unit cell consisting of two MIM varactors.


Synthesis Alerts is a monthly feature to help readers of Synthesis keep abreast of new reagents, catalysts, ligands, chiral auxiliaries, and protecting groups which have appeared in the recent literature. Emphasis is placed on new developments but established reagents, catalysts etc are also covered if they are used in novel and useful reactions. In each abstract, a specific example of a transformation is given in a concise format designed to aid visual retrieval of information.


Much of the health education literature in recent years has extolled the virtue of developing comprehensive corporate health enhancement programs. Various authors1-5 have identified the benefits of such programs to in-clude improved productivity, reduction of benefit costs, reduction of human resource development costs and the improved image of a corporation. Improved production can be manifested in reduced absenteeism, improved morale, improved ability to perform and the development of a higher quality staff. The reduction of benefit costs can be measured by a reduction of health care costs (or reduction in the rate of increase), lowered life insurance costs, and reduced worker's compensation claims. Cost benefits related to the reduction of human resource development costs can be seen in a decrease in costs for recruiting new employees and the monies saved by not having to train those new employees. The image of the corporate organization can be enhanced by the general visibility that a comprehensive health enhancement program provides and through the increased sense of concern for the employees.
Although it is possible to reap all the aforementioned benefits from a comprehensive health enhancement program, the program must be properly planned, implemented and evaluated. Those responsible for the development of such programs must use a systematic approach. To this end, this manuscript will outline a model which will help to increase the likelihood of success for comprehensive corporate health enhancement programs.


This article examines the deleterious impact of copyright law on music creation. It highlights hip hop music as an example of a genre significantly and negatively impacted by 1) the per se infringement rule applied in some instances to cases involving unauthorized sampling of sound recordings; and 2) traditional (and arguably erroneous) assumptions in copyright law and policy of independent creation and Romantic authorship. For decades hip hop producers have relied on the innovative use of existing recordings (most of which are protected by copyright), to create completely new works. Specifically, cuttin' and scratchin', digital sampling, looping and (most recently) mashing are all methods of creating music and are all integral parts of the hip hop music aesthetic. Collectively these creative processes are the hallmark of the type of innovation and creativity born out of the hip hop music tradition. And hip hop artists and producers from Chuck D, Queen Latifah, A Tribe Called Quest and M.C. Lyte to The RZA, Missy Elliott, Dangermouse and Jay Z have employed the sampler more as a musical instrument or palette than a tool of expediency or theft. But when done without the permission of the borrowed work's copyright holder, sampling is at odds with copyright law. Unfortunately, copyright fails to acknowledge the historical role, informal norms and value of borrowing, cumulative creation and citation in music. Additionally, different copyright infringement standards are applied to the two types of music copyright (the musical composition and sound recording). Further, and arguably more troubling, different infringement standards are being applied by the circuits to sound recording infringement cases resulting in a split in the circuits. The per se infringement rule articulated in the leading digital sampling case, Bridgeport v. Dimension Films (410 F.3d 792), as compared to a recent decision with analogous facts but an opposite outcome under a traditional infringement analysis in Saregama India Ltd. v.Mosley (687 F. Supp. 2d 1325), is but one poignant example. Courts in the Sixth Circuit apply a per se infringement standard when a defendant copies any part of a sound recording. By contrast, courts in the Eleventh Circuit consider substantial similarity and the de minimis defense traditionally applied in all infringement cases. These differences, in turn, have lead to unclear judicial definitions, distinctions and interpretations for the role of substantial similarity and what constitutes a de minimis use, a fair use, and a derivative work. The resulting incongruent decisions reflect an inconsistent application of federal law. This inconsistency threatens to diminish both the quality and quantity of second-generation cumulative musical works. Accordingly, copyright law's fragmented application is proving troublesome for the music industry, generally, and for music genres like hip hop in particular. Ultimately, this article suggests that music copyright reform is needed and, perhaps, inevitable as technology continues to outpace and stress the law just as the law continues to stress and under-perform in balancing the rights/access continuum. To that end, this article posits that any fix should sample patent to remix copyright. By this I mean music copyright reform should consider and incorporate policies supporting reverse engineering in the patent context, which encourages and values cumulative creation to bolster innovation. Intellectual property should be most narrowly tailored when innovation in the field tends to be highly cumulative. Such is the case in the creation of music. The need for narrowly-tailored intellectual property laws is especially valid in light of the essential role to both of access to first-generation works and a firmly established custom of borrowing in the creative process. Therefore, copyright law must be remixed to achieve an optimal balance between a copyright holder's exclusive rights and the legal space a second generation innovator needs to build upon existing works in order to create new ones in cumulative creative genres like music.


Entrepreneurs and freelancers, the self-employed, commonly are characterized as not only to be relatively rich in income but also as to be rich in time because of their time-sovereignty in principle. Our introducing study scrutinises these results and notions about the well-being situation of self-employed persons not only by asking about traditional single income poverty but also by considering time poverty within the framework of a new interdependent multidimensional (IMD) poverty concept. The German Socio-economic panel with satisfaction data serves as the data base for the population wide evaluation of the substitution/compensation between genuine, personal leisure time and income. The available detailed Time Use Surveys of 1991/92 and 2001/2 of the Federal Statistics Office provide the data to quantify the multidimensional poverty in all the IMD poverty regimes. Important result: self-employed with regard to single income poverty, single time poverty and interdependent multidimensional time and income poverty in both years are much more affected by time and income poverty than all other active persons defining the working poor. A significant proportion of non-income-poor but time poor of the active population are not able to compensate their time deficit even by an above poverty income. These people are neglected so far within the poverty and well-being discussion, the discussion about the "working poor" and in the discussion about time squeeze and time pressure in general and in particular for the self-employed as entrepreneurs and freelancers.


Kenneth Burke has been widely praised as one of the sharpest readers of Shakespeare, Freud, and Marx, among others. He was also well known for turning his many book reviews into essays and excursions of his own, in the interest of tracking down the implications of terminologies and concepts, all the while grappling with some of the greatest minds of the twentieth century. Equipment for Living: The Literary Reviews of Kenneth Burke collects the bulk of his literary reviews, many of them reprinted here for the first time and positioning them as scholarship in their own right. In over 150 reviews, Burke explores poetic, fictional, and critical works to discern the nature of aesthetics, rhetoric, communication, literary theory, sociology, and literature as equipment for living. Along the way, he encounters some of the finest literary and critical minds of his day, including writers such as William Carlos Williams, e. e. cummings, T. S. Eliot, Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein, Thomas Mann, Virginia Woolf, Ernest Hemingway, Shirley Jackson, Henry Miller, and Marianne Moore; and critics and philosophers such as John Dewey, J. L. Austin, Marshall McLuhan, Edmund Wilson, I. A. Richards, Denis Donoghue, Wayne Booth, Harold Bloom, Van Wyck Brooks, Waldo Frank, and Alfred North Whitehead. This collection organizes reviews across the wide range of fields that Burke engages, including literature, literary criticism, history, politics, philosophy, sociology, and biography.


This is the final collaboration between Rodgers & Hammerstein that was destined to become the world's most beloved musical. When a postulant proves too high-spirited for the religious life, she is dispatched to serve as governess for the seven children of a widowed naval Captain. Her growing rapport with the youngsters, coupled with her generosity of spirit, gradually captures the heart of the stern Captain, and they marry. Upon returning from their honeymoon they discover that Austria has been invaded by the Nazis, who demand the Captain's immediate service in their navy. The family's narrow escape over the mountains to Switzerland on the eve of World War II provides one of the most thrilling and inspirational finales ever presented in the theatre. The motion picture version remains the most popular movie musical of all time.


Rhetorically charged debates over theory have divided scholars of the humanities for decades. In "Elegy for Theory," D. N. Rodowick steps back from well-rehearsed arguments pro and con to assess why theory has become such a deeply contested concept. Far from lobbying for a return to the "high theory" of the 1970s and 1980s, he calls for a vigorous dialogue on what should constitute a new, ethically inflected philosophy of the humanities.Rodowick develops an ambitiously cross-disciplinary critique of theory as an academic discourse, tracing its historical displacements from ancient concepts of theoria through late modern concepts of the aesthetic and into the twentieth century. The genealogy of theory, he argues, is constituted by two main lines of descent--one that goes back to philosophy and the other rooted instead in the history of positivism and the rise of the empirical sciences. Giving literature, philosophy, and aesthetics their due, Rodowick asserts that the mid-twentieth-century rise of theory within the academy cannot be understood apart from the emergence of cinema and visual studies. To ask the question, "What is cinema?" is to also open up in new ways the broader question of what is art.At a moment when university curriculums are everywhere being driven by scientism and market forces, "Elegy for Theory" advances a rigorous argument for the importance of the arts and humanities as transformative, self-renewing cultural legacies.


Abstract. We estimate the overall CO2, CH4, and CO
flux from the South Coast Air Basin using an inversion that couples Total
Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) and Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2
(OCO-2) observations, with the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated
Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model and the Open-source Data Inventory for
Anthropogenic CO2 (ODIAC). Using TCCON data we estimate the direct
net CO2 flux from the SoCAB to be
104 ± 26 Tg CO2 yr−1 for the study period of
July 2013–August 2016. We obtain a slightly higher estimate of
120 ± 30 Tg CO2 yr−1 using OCO-2 data. These
CO2 emission estimates are on the low end of previous work. Our net
CH4 (360 ± 90 Gg CH4 yr−1) flux estimate is
in agreement with central values from previous top-down studies going back to
2010 (342–440 Gg CH4 yr−1). CO emissions are estimated at
487 ± 122 Gg CO yr−1, much lower than previous top-down
estimates (1440 Gg CO yr−1). Given the decreasing emissions of CO,
this finding is not unexpected. We perform sensitivity tests to estimate how
much errors in the prior, errors in the covariance, different inversion
schemes, or a coarser dynamical model influence the emission estimates.
Overall, the uncertainty is estimated to be 25 %, with the largest
contribution from the dynamical model. Lessons learned here may help in
future inversions of satellite data over urban areas.


Chromophoric dissolved organic matter (DOM) was measured in 37 rain events in
Wilmington, NC, between September 15, 2005 to September 6, 2006. Each rain event was
analyzed via 3D fluorescence, UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance
(NMR) spectroscopy, and dissolved organic carbon measurements were acquired. All rain
events had measurable CDOM, although there was much variability between events.
Chromophoric DOM was found in both the C18 extract (hydrophobic) and the C18 filtrate
(hydrophilic) fraction, but surprisingly a large fraction of the chromophoric DOM is relatively
hydrophilic (~50%). Using NMR, it was determined that in all rain events the majority of the
protons were alkyl. A strong positive correlation was found between the fluorescence and the
overall integration of the NMR spectra. A correlation was also found between fluorescence and
the various integral regions of the NMR with the greatest contribution to fluorescence coming
from the aromatic region.
The abundance and characteristics of rainwater DOM was affected by season and storm
origin. Marine storms contained a larger percentage of aromatic protons relative to the terrestrial
storms. This coupled with lower spectral slopes and a higher percentage fluorescence in the C18
extract samples from marine storms suggests that while the dissolved organic carbon (DOC)
concentrations in these storms are low, the DOM in marine storms likely contains recalcitrant
DOM which is globally distributed. The composition of DOM in rainwater is also influenced by
season. Samples collected during the warm season had lower spectral slopes and lower percent
DOC in the reconstituted fraction which suggests that warm season storms contain smaller
molecular weight DOM. This is a result of photodegredation during the warm season.


It all started with a small crew of bicycle-obsessed hippies bombing the downhill trails of Mount Tamalpais, in Marin County, California. As the friendly competition intensified on the steep dirt trail they called Repack, history's first mountain bikers began craving an upgrade from the old Schwinn cruisers they had rescued from the junkyard. With the single-minded focus found only among the truly obsessed, this rag-tag group sparked a rapid evolution that transformed the castoff Repack bomber into the modern mountain bike, a refined and elegant machine that quickly became the top-selling bicycle in the world.Charlie Kelly co-founder of the MountainBikes company with Gary Fisher, organizer of the Repack races, and chronicler of the sport now delivers the true, complete, and often unbelievable history of the rise of mountain biking and its lasting culture. Rich with first-hand descriptions and bursting with original photographs, drawings, and memorabilia, "Fat Tire Flyer" is the definitive history of one of the most significant inventions of the 20th century. "


Since its creation in 1980, the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA), a part of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), has become a well-established institution within the Executive Office of the President. This essay, based on public documents and the author's experience as OIRA Administrator from 2009-2012, attempts to correct some pervasive misunderstandings and to describe OIRA's actual role. Perhaps above all, OIRA operates as an information-aggregator. One of OIRA's chief functions is to collect widely dispersed information – information that is held by those within the Executive Office of the President, relevant agencies and departments, state and local governments, and the public as a whole. Costs and benefits are important, and OIRA does focus on them (as do others within the Executive Branch, particularly the National Economic Council and the Council of Economic Advisers), above all in the case of economically significant rules. But for most rules, the analysis of costs and benefits is not the dominant issue in the OIRA process. Much of OIRA's day-to-day work is devoted to helping agencies to work through interagency concerns, promoting the receipt of public comments on a wide range of issues and options (for proposed rules), ensuring discussion and consideration of relevant alternatives, promoting consideration of public comments (for final rules), and helping to ensure resolution of questions of law, including questions of administrative procedure, by engaging relevant lawyers in the executive branch. OIRA seeks to operate as a guardian of a well-functioning administrative process, and much of what it does is closely connected to that role.


This collection of original essays reflects the breadth of current research in computer science. Robin Milner, a major figure in the field, has made many fundamental contributions, particularly in theoretical computer science, the theory of programming languages, and functional programming languages.Following a brief biography of Milner, the book contains five sections: Semantic Foundations, Programming Logic, Programming Languages, Concurrency, and Mobility. Together the pieces convey a seamless whole, ranging from highly abstract concepts to systems of great utility.Contributors : Samson Abramsky, J. C. M. Baeten, Sergey Berezin, J. A. Bergstra, Gerard Berry, Lars Birkedal, Gerard Boudol, Edmund Clarke, Pierre Collette, Robert L. Constable, Pierre-Louis Curien, Jaco de Bakker, Uffe H. Engberg, William Ferreira, Fabio Gadducci, Mike Gordon, Robert Harper, Matthew Hennessy, Yoram Hirshfeld, C. A. R. Hoare, Gerard Huet, Paul B. Jackson, Alan S. A. Jeffrey, Somesh Jha, He Jifeng, Cliff B. Jones, Cosimo Laneve, Xinxin Liu, Will Marrero, Faron Moller, Ugo Montanari, Pavel Naumov, Mogens Nielsen, Joachim Parrow, Lawrence C. Paulson, Benjamin C. Pierce, Gordon Plotkin, M. A. Reniers, Amokrane Saibi, Augusto Sampaio, Davide Sangiorgi, Scott A. Smolka, Eugene W. Stark, Christopher Stone, Mads Tofte, David N. Turner, Juan Uribe, Franck van Breugel, David Walker, Glynn Winskel.


Comparative evaluations of seven soil nail wall design computer programs are described and analyzed. The performance evaluations of the available programs (SNAIL, NAIL-SOLVER, STARS, NAILM, GOLDNAIL, TALREN, and COLDUIM) were accomplished by conducting a number of example analyses. Ten hypothetical cases and five case studies used in the analyses represented common design scenarios. Also examined were the magnitude and distribution of loads on the nails under normal working conditions. This was accomplished by observing the response of soil nails for a number of walls instrumented with strain gages. From this a general approach for estimating nail loads from strain history data was developed.


The principal investigator (PI)-IN-A-BOX knowledge based system helps astronauts perform science experiments in space. These experiments are typically costly to devise and build and often are difficult to perform. Further, the space laboratory environment is unique; ever changing; hectic; and, therefore, stressful. The environment requires quick, correct reactions to events over a wide range of experiments and disciplines, including ones distant from an astronaut's main science specialty. This environment suggests the use of advanced techniques for data collection, analysis, and decision making to maximize the value of the research performed. PI-IN-A-BOX aids astronauts with quick-look data collection, reduction, and analysis as well as equipment diagnosis and troubleshooting, procedural reminders, and suggestions for high-value departures from the preplanned experiment protocol. The astronauts have direct access to the system, which is hosted on a portable computer in the Space Lab module. The system is in use on the ground for mission training and was used in flight during the October 1993 space life sciences 2 (SLS-2) shuttle mission.


Projections of U.S. ethanol production and its impacts on planted acreage, crop prices, livestock production and prices, trade, and retail food costs are presented under the assumption that current tax credits and trade policies are maintained. The projections were made using a multi-product, multi-country deterministic partial equilibrium model. The impacts of higher oil prices, a drought combined with an ethanol mandate, and removal of land from the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) relative to baseline projections are also presented. The results indicate that expanded U.S. ethanol production will cause long-run crop prices to increase. In response to higher feed costs, livestock farmgate prices will increase enough to cover the feed cost increases. Retail meat, egg, and dairy prices will also increase. If oil prices are permanently $10-per-barrel higher than assumed in the baseline projections, U.S. ethanol will expand significantly. The magnitude of the expansion will depend on the future makeup of the U.S. automobile fleet. If sufficient demand for E-85 from flex-fuel vehicles is available, corn-based ethanol production is projected to increase to over 30 billion gallons per year with the higher oil prices. The direct effect of higher feed costs is that U.S. food prices would increase by a minimum of 1.1% over baseline levels. Results of a model of a 1988-type drought combined with a large mandate for continued ethanol production show sharply higher crop prices, a drop in livestock production, and higher food prices. Corn exports would drop significantly, and feed costs would rise. Wheat feed use would rise sharply. Taking additional land out of the CRP would lower crop prices in the short run. But because long-run corn prices are determined by ethanol prices and not by corn acreage, the long-run impacts on commodity prices and food prices of a smaller CRP are modest. Cellulosic ethanol from switchgrass and biodiesel from soybeans do not become economically viable in the Corn Belt under any of the scenarios. This is so because high energy costs that increase the prices of biodiesel and switchgrass ethanol also increase the price of corn-based ethanol. So long as producers can choose between soybeans for biodiesel, switchgrass for ethanol, and corn for ethanol, they will choose to grow corn. Cellulosic ethanol from corn stover does not enter into any scenario because of the high cost of collecting and transporting corn stover over the large distances required to supply a commercial-sized ethanol facility.


Event synopsis: The Colloquium will be an opportunity to construct multiple bridges between different ways of understanding contemporary organizations and of doing, communicating and publishing organizational research. The bridge metaphor conveys the idea of connection, of unity, of meeting half way.
Yet, in the words of Simmel ("Bridge and Door", Theory, Culture & Society, 1994: 5):
"It would be meaningless to connect that which is not separated."
Thus, there is a dialectic tension underlying the notion of bridging that offers multiple possibilities for imaginative interpretation and critical reflection.
The emphasis on Continents, Cultures and Worldviews suggests three axes for exploration.
The idea of Bridging Continents is an important one for an academic organization whose name identifies it as intra-continental, but whose geographic reach and appeal has expanded rapidly in recent years. The theme of bridging continents echoes a longstanding preoccupation of organizational scholars with the challenges of managing across national and continental boundaries. It raises societal and political questions about the formation and functioning of transcontinental and transnational institutions at a time when economic, environmental, and technological issues are increasingly planetary in scope. The theme offers opportunities to consider bridging across the classic continental divides between north and south and between east and west. There are also critical questions about who benefits and who loses from bridging, and about what valued specificities may be destroyed or undermined through bridge-building.

The idea of Bridging Cultures underlines the importance of examining organizational topics and issues in a multicultural context, inclusive of marginal voices. Cultural diversity includes but goes beyond an interest in the influence of national cultures on management and organizations. Organizations can be seen as a nexus of multiple logics, circuits of power and divergent identities oriented around professions, occupational groups and generations. From a more macro perspective, the impact of immigration policies on workforce diversity and mobility has implications for organizational development and society. Living with a more diverse society requires competencies and strategies to deal with the inherent tensions of increased pluralism. The notion of Bridging Cultures suggests a need to consider ways to build organizations and societies that recognize diversity rather than suppressing it.

The idea of Bridging Worldviews refers to the desire to make the 29th Colloquium an arena for researchers from diverse horizons and
theoretical frames to exchange ideas and develop new ways of understanding. There is room for considering potential connections between problem-centered, theoretical and critical research paradigms. Bridging Worldviews invites organizational researchers to debate the advantages and risks of bridging disciplines, theories and methods in organizational knowledge production, transfer and diffusion.

It suggests reflection on paradox, dialectics and pluralism. It calls for consideration of how dialogue between research and practice might expand the scope and range of management and organization theory. Bridging worldviews might also lead to a discussion of who or what may be playing the role of bridge (e.g., universities, conferences, journals, social networks on line and so on), and how these bridges may influence patterns of collaboration and the shape of emerging scholarship for better or worse.

We expect that proposed sub-themes for this Colloquium will take seriously the metaphor of bridging but with permission to stretch the envelope in multiple ways (wrapping the bridge? burning bridges? living under the bridge?). Under the bridging metaphor, we propose to examine organizational topics and ideas through the lenses of connection, dialogue, interplay, synthesis and hybridization, in dynamic tension with separation, distance, boundaries, diversity and pluralism. Colloquium participants will be invited to address different ways through which bridging might occur, whether and why bridging might be desirable, and how research in organizations might contribute to bridging diversity while enabling and rejoicing in it.


The current study extends the work of Barrett, Rapee, Dadds, and Ryan (1996) by attempting to further parse apart the FEAR effect with a continuous approach that examines degree differences within a response category, as well as examining both social and general anxiety. A community sample was obtained that consisted of 86 youngsters grades four through eight. There were 45 girls and 41 boys and the age range was from nine years old to fourteen years old. Youngsters were administered measures of social anxiety and general anxiety and a vignette measure developed by Barrett, Rapee, Dadds, and Fox (1996) that assesses children's responses to potentially anxiety provoking situations. Children's responses were solicited before and after discussion with one of their parents to examine potential parental influences. A new coding procedure was developed to be more sensitive to changes that may occur following the family discussion. In addition, it was hypothesized that children's social and general anxiety scores would predict response changes for social and general situations, respectively. Although there were no significant findings for these hypotheses, the current study was able to extend the current literature on the FEAR effect by examining social anxiety, using a community sample, and attempting to develop a more sensitive approach to examining the FEAR effect.


Our 2006 monograph Tom Kundig: Houses was an instant critical and commercial success. Over the past five years, Seattle-based Kundig has continued his meteoric rise, collecting numerous awards, including the 2008 Cooper-Hewitt National Design Award for Architecture Design. Tom Kundig: Houses 2 features seventeen residential projects, ranging from a five hundred-square-foot cabin in the woods to a house carved into and built out of solid rock. In his new work, Kundig continues to strike a balance between raw and refined and modern and warm, creating inviting spaces with a strong sense of place. The houses seamlessly incorporate his signature inventive details, rich materials, and stunning sites from the majestic Northwestern forest to the severe high desert.


The purpose of this Annual Policy Brief is to increase public awareness of the nature and prevalence of property crime in the Commonwealth by analyzing data over a 25-year period from 1987 to 2011. The state data presented in this report is also examined within the context of national trends during the same timeframe. The three major offense classifications that are used to measure property crime are burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft. These classifications are based upon the Massachusetts Department of State Police Crime Reporting Unit's (CRU) Massachusetts Part I Offense Data Uniform Crime Report Codebook, modeled after the Federal Bureau of Investigation's (FBI) Uniform Crime Reporting Handbook.


INTRODUCTION: Over the last century, people have become less active, adopting more sedentary habits. This scenario has increased the incidence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. The practice of physical activities can influence healthiness by altering the metabolic state and also the immune system. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature for studies that address the effects promoted by physical exercise on the development of immune responses and the possible signal transduction pathways. METHODS: The SciELO and PubMed data bases were consulted. RESULTS: The available literature shows that during the practice of exercise, various subpopulations of leukocytes are altered in accordance with the intensity and duration of the activity performed. Exercise of moderate intensity stimulates a pro-inflammatory response, while those of high intensity tend to promote anti-inflammatory responses with the purpose to decrease damage to skeletal muscle. Such alterations are observed in cells that present antigens (such as macrophages and dendritic cells), neutrophils, natural killer cells (NK) and in surface molecules like Toll-like receptors (TLR) and major histocompatibility complex class II, as well as the entire repertoire of cytokines. CONCLUSION: The current state of knowledge suggests that the alterations in the immune system are dependent on parameters inherent to exercise and that in order to have all these alterations occurring, some cell signaling cascades are activated, giving rise to a complex process of phosphorylation/dephosphorylation that culminates in the activation of transcription factors, translation of mRNA's, protein synthesis and cell proliferation.


This article describes a new method for assessing the effect of a given film on viewers' brain activity. Brain activity was measured using func- tional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during free viewing of films, and inter-subject correlation analysis (ISC) was used to assess similarities in the spatiotemporal responses across viewers' brains during movie watching. Our results demonstrate that some films can exert considerable control over brain activity and eye movements. However, this was not the case for all types of motion picture sequences, and the level of control over viewers' brain activity differed as a function of movie content, editing, and directing style. We pro- pose that ISC may be useful to film studies by providing a quantitative neuro- scientific assessment of the impact of different styles of filmmaking on viewers' brains, and a valuable method for the film industry to better assess its prod- ucts. Finally, we suggest that this method brings together two separate and largely unrelated disciplines, cognitive neuroscience and film studies, and may open the way for a new interdisciplinary field of "neurocinematic" studies.


An easy, fun reference for learning Spanish at home or in school Verbs in Spanish can be conjugated in six different ways, depending on the speaker and audience. In addition, there are fifteen different tenses in which verbs are used, making a total of 80 different conjugations for each verb. This knowledge can make anyone's head spin - but fear not! Dummies has it covered. 500 Spanish Verbs For Dummies is the ultimate guide to learning and conjugating verbs in the Spanish language. Beginners to the language will find quick reference for verbs in the basic present tenses, and advanced speakers will learn the more complex tenses of verbs as well as memorize advanced verbs with irregular endings. * 500 of the most commonly used Spanish verbs are presented alphabetically and tabbed for easy reference * An additional index of 2,000+ Spanish verbs with the English translation of the infinitive * Includes a summary of basic Spanish grammar, including verb tenses and moods * Accompanying CD features memorization drills and exercises Complete with English translations, pronunciation guides, and examples of common verb use in everyday conversation, 500 Spanish Verbs For Dummies is an essential reference tool for any level of Spanish speaker.


Preface. Contributors. 1. Qualitative Knowledge Models in Functional Genomics and Proteomics (Mor Peleg, Irene S. Gabashvili, and Russ B. Altman). 1.1. Introduction. 1.2. Methods and Tools. 1.3. Modeling Approach and Results. 1.4. Discussion. 1.5. Conclusion. References. 2. Interpreting Microarray Data and Related Applications Using Nonlinear System Identification (Michael Korenberg). 2.1. Introduction. 2.2. Background. 2.3. Parallel Cascade Identification. 2.4. Constructing Class Predictors. 2.5. Prediction Based on Gene Expression Profiling. 2.6. Comparing Different Predictors Over the Same Data Set. 2.7. Concluding Remarks. References. 3. Gene Regulation Bioinformatics of Microarray Data (Gert Thijs, Frank De Smet, Yves Moreau, Kathleen Marchal, and Bart De Moor). 3.1. Introduction. 3.2. Introduction to Transcriptional Regulation. 3.3. Measuring Gene Expression Profiles. 3.4. Preprocessing of Data. 3.5. Clustering of Gene Expression Profiles. 3.6. Cluster Validation. 3.7. Searching for Common Binding Sites of Coregulated Genes. 3.8. Inclusive: Online Integrated Analysis of Microarray Data. 3.9. Further Integrative Steps. 3.10. Conclusion. References. 4. Robust Methods for Microarray Analysis (George S. Davidson, Shawn Martin, Kevin W. Boyack, Brian N. Wylie, Juanita Martinez, Anthony Aragon, Margaret Werner-Washburne, Mo'nica Mosquera-Caro, and Cheryl Willman). 4.1. Introduction. 4.2. Microarray Experiments and Analysis Methods. 4.3. Unsupervised Methods. 4.4. Supervised Methods. 4.5. Conclusion. References. 5. In Silico Radiation Oncology: A Platform for Understanding Cancer Behavior and Optimizing Radiation Therapy Treatment (G. Stamatakos, D. Dionysiou, and N. Uzunoglu). 5.1. Philosophiae Tumoralis Principia Algorithmica: Algorithmic Principles of Simulating Cancer on Computer. 5.2. Brief Literature Review. 5.3. Paradigm of Four-Dimensional Simulation of Tumor Growth and Response to Radiation Therapy In Vivo. 5.4. Discussion. 5.5. Future Trends. References. 6. Genomewide Motif Identification Using a Dictionary Model (Chiara Sabatti and Kenneth Lange). 6.1. Introduction. 6.2. Unified Model. 6.3. Algorithms for Likelihood Evaluation. 6.4. Parameter Estimation via Minorization-Maximization Algorithm. 6.5. Examples. 6.6. Discussion and Conclusion. References. 7. Error Control Codes and the Genome (Elebeoba E. May). 7.1. Error Control and Communication: A Review. 7.3. Reverse Engineering the Genetic Error Control System. 7.4. Applications of Biological Coding Theory. References. 8. Complex Life Science Multidatabase Queries (Zina Ben Miled, Nianhua Li, Yue He, Malika Mahoui, and Omran Bukhres). 8.1. Introduction. 8.2. Architecture. 8.3. Query Execution Plans. 8.4. Related Work. 8.5. Future Trends. References. 9. Computational Analysis of Proteins (Dimitrios I. Fotiadis, Yorgos Goletsis, Christos Lampros, and Costas Papaloukas). 9.1. Introduction: Definitions. 9.2. Databases. 9.3. Sequence Motifs and Domains. 9.4. Sequence Alignment. 9.5. Modeling. 9.6. Classification and Prediction. 9.7. Natural Language Processing. 9.8. Future Trends. References. 10. Computational Analysis of Interactions Between Tumor and Tumor Suppressor Proteins (E. Pirogova, M. Akay, and I. Cosic). 10.1. Introduction. 10.2. Methodology: Resonant Recognition Model. 10.3. Results and Discussions. 10.4. Conclusion. References. Index. About the Editor.


NOW A NETFLIX ORIGINAL SERIES Lemony Snicket returns with the last book before the last book of his bestselling A Series of Unfortunate Events. Scream and run away before the secrets of the series are revealed! Very little is known about Lemony Snicket and A Series of Unfortunate Events. What we do know is contained in the following brief list: The books have inexplicably sold millions and millions of copies worldwide People in more than 40 countries are consumed by consuming Snicket The movie was as sad as the books, if not more so Like unrefrigerated butter and fungus, the popularity of these books keeps spreading Even less is known about book the twelfth in this alarming phenomenon. What we do know is contained in the following brief list: In this book, things only get worse Count Olaf is still evil The Baudelaire orphans do not win a contest The title begins with the word 'The' Sometimes, ignorance is bliss.


As organizational communication scholars, we routinely orient ourselves to organizations as places of work while often ignoring the diverse forms of communicative work and communication about our working lives that underpin such locales. In this essay, we consider how the study of meaningful work problematizes the boundaries of organizational communication. Specifically, we reflect on how definitions of meaningful work are very much caught up in our contemporary milieu. Organizational communication scholars, then, must be willing and able to work within and across traditional boundaries, perhaps redefining them in the process. We illustrate these claims in three parts. In the first part, we consider the rise of communication work and how it calls into question common notions of meaningful work. In our second section, we argue that what counts as meaningful work often stems from the raced, classed, and gendered assumptions guiding our practice. Finally, in part three, and with these elements of our milieu in mind, we describe ways in which scholars can begin to investigate meaningful work by examining tensions between description and prescription and microlevels and macrolevels of discourse and experience to uncover the strategies and tactics available to individuals as they craft meaningful working lives.


Ten years ago, the United States stood at the forefront of the Internet revolution. With some of the fastest speeds and lowest prices in the world for high-speed Internet access, the nation was poised to be the global leader in the new knowledge-based economy. Today that global competitive advantage has all but vanished because of a series of government decisions and resulting monopolies that have allowed dozens of countries, including Japan and South Korea, to pass us in both speed and price of broadband. This steady slide backward not only deprives consumers of vital services needed in a competitive employment and business market - it also threatens the economic future of America. This important book by leading telecommunications policy expert Susan Crawford explores why Americans are now paying much more but getting much less when it comes to high-speed Internet access. Using the 2011 merger between Comcast and NBC Universal as a lens, Crawford examines how we have created the biggest monopoly since the breakup of Standard Oil a century ago. In the clearest terms, this book explores how telecommunications monopolies have affected the daily lives of consumers and America's global economic standing.


Get up to speed on the newest technologies, tools, and possibilities in web design Have a great idea for a web site but don't know where or how to begin? Web Design For Dummies, 3rd Edition is an ideal starting point! Fully updated to cover the latest and the greatest in the world of web design, this fun-but-straightforward guide gets you caught up with everything you need to know to organize your ideas, create a template, start development, test to make sure everything is working properly, and launch your finished site. Packed with invaluable advice on incorporating social media aspects, linking content with social sites, and designing for mobile devices, this book will have you web designing like a pro in no time. Highlights the many significant changes in the world of web design since the previous edition, including the introduction of HTML5, new technologies for sharing media, mobile web design, and more Zeroes in on effectively using color, text, and navigation Reveals helpful advice for avoiding common pitfalls Details ways to connect with social sites like Twitter and Facebook Web Design For Dummies, 3rd Edition goes beyond just making a basic web site and instead encourages you to create a site that is appealing, practical, and useful.


Seasonal (Apr-Jun) average maximum sea surface height (meters) above reference spheroid, i.e., sea surface topography, derived from the HYCOM model, HYCOM + NCODA Global 1/12degree Analysis, all experiments aggregated. The climatology was built using tools in the Marine Geospatial Ecology Tools (http://code.env.duke.edu/projects/mget) and ArcGIS geoprocessing tools. For more information about HYCOM, see http://hycom.org/dataserver/glb-analysis/. Spatial Extent = Pacific Range, Min X = 110 E, Max X = 70 W, Min Y = 70 S, Max Y = 60 N; Temporal extent = 2004-2011; Spatial resolution =~1/12th degree; Temporal resolution = monthly; Spatial persistence = dynamic, km2; Temporal persistence = months, seasons, interannual, decades


A magisterial history of the greatest and most terrible event in history, from one of the finest historians of the Second World War. A book which shows the impact of war upon hundreds of millions of people around the world- soldiers, sailors and airmen; housewives, farm workers and children. Reflecting Max Hastings's thirty-five years of research on World War II, All Hell Let Loose describes the course of events, but focuses chiefly upon human experience, which varied immensely from campaign to campaign, continent to continent. The author emphasises the Russian front, where more than 90% of all German soldiers who perished met their fate. He argues that, while Hitler's army often fought its battles brilliantly well, the Nazis conducted their war effort with 'stunning incompetence'. He suggests that the Royal Navy and US Navy were their countries' outstanding fighting services, while the industrial contribution of the United States was much more important to allied victory than that of the US Army. The book ranges across a vast canvas, from the agony of Poland amid the September 1939 Nazi invasion, to the 1943 Bengal famine, in which at least a million people died under British rule- and British neglect. Among many vignettes, there are the RAF's legendary raid on the Ruhr dams, the horrors of Arctic convoys, desert tank combat, jungle clashes. Some of Hastings's insights and judgements will surprise students of the conflict, while there are vivid descriptions of the tragedies and triumphs of a host of ordinary people, in uniform and out of it. 'The cliche is profoundly true', he says. 'The world between 1939 and 1945 saw some human beings plumb the depths of baseness, while others scaled the heights of courage and nobility'. This is 'everyman's story', an attempt to answer the question: 'What was the Second World War like ?', and also an overview of the big picture. Max Hastings employs the technique which has made many of his previous books best-sellers, combining top-down analysis and bottom-up testimony to explore the meaning of this vast conflict both for its participants and for posterity.