Dermal dendrocytes and photochemotherapy.
We studied the fate of dermal dendrocytes in patients treated with psoralens and ultraviolet light by combining immunohistochemistry and computerized image analysis. Factor-XIIIa-positive dermal dendrocytes were found to be altered in these patients. When compared with controls, dermal dendrocytes were often increased in number and had an uneven size and tissue distribution. Their cytoplasm was occasionally fragmented. These changes were more pronounced when early photosclerosis was present. The alterations described probably reflect vascular changes, and may be responsible for immunomodulating actions and disorder of the connective tissue structure induced by ultraviolet light.


MicroRNA-378 promotes hepatic inflammation and fibrosis via modulation of the NF-κB-TNFα pathway.
The progression of hepatosteatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a critical step in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular cancer. However, the underlying mechanism(s) for this progression is essentially unknown. This study was designed to determine the role of miR-378 in regulating NASH progression. We used immunohistochemistry, luciferase assays and immunoblotting to study the role of miR-378 in modulating an inflammatory pathway. Wild-type mice kept on a high-fat diet (HFD) were injected with miR-378 inhibitors or a mini-circle expression system containing miR-378, to study loss and gain-of functions of miR-378. MiR-378 expression is increased in livers of dietary obese mice and patients with NASH. Further studies revealed that miR-378 directly targeted Prkag2 that encodes AMP-activated protein kinase γ 2 (AMPKγ2). AMPK signaling negatively regulates the NF-κB-TNFα inflammatory axis by increasing deacetylase activity of sirtuin 1. By targeting Prkag2, miR-378 reduced sirtuin 1 activity and facilitated an inflammatory pathway involving NF-κB-TNFα. In contrast, miR-378 knockdown induced expression of Prkag2, increased sirtuin 1 activity and blocked the NF-κB-TNFα axis. Additionally, knockdown of increased Prkag2 offset the inhibitory effects of miR-378 inhibitor on the NF-κB-TNFα axis, suggesting that AMPK signaling mediates the role of miR-378 in facilitating this inflammatory pathway. Liver-specific expression of miR-378 triggered the development of NASH and fibrosis by activating TNFα signaling. Ablation of TNFα in miR-378-treated mice impaired the ability of miR-378 to facilitate hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, suggesting that TNFα signaling is required for miR-378 to promote NASH. MiR-378 plays a key role in the development of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis by positively regulating the NF-κB-TNFα axis. MiR-378 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NASH. The recent epidemic of obesity has been associated with a sharp rise in the incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying mechanism(s) remains poorly described and effective therapeutic approaches against NAFLD are lacking. The results establish that microRNA-378 facilitates the development of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis and suggests the therapeutic potential of microRNA-378 inhibitor for the treatment of NAFLD.


The surgical manifestations of the intestinal tract in Kawasaki disease.
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an inflammatory condition of unknown etiology. It involves mainly the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and myocardium. It may involve the gastrointestinal tract; however, it rarely presents as a surgical abdomen. We present a case of a young child with suspected small bowel obstruction who was subsequently diagnosed with KD. We review the surgical presentations of the intestinal tract in KD.


[Comparative study of the biocompatibility of the porcine intestinal submucosa and bovine pericardium used as grafts in the inferior cava vein of dogs].
To compare the biocompatibility of the bovine pericardium and the small intestine submucosa (SIS) when used to repair a created defect in the inferior vena cava of dogs. Sixteen male mongrel dogs were submitted to a midline laparotomy incision. An elliptical segment (1.5 x 3.0 cm) of the inferior vena cava, below the renal veins, was excised. In 8 dogs, the A group, a patch of porcine small bowel submucosa was used to repair the defect. In the 8 remaining dogs, the B group, a bovine pericardium was implanted in the vena cava. On the 30th post-operative day an ultrasound was performed in order to identify stenosis. The euthanasia was accomplished in the 40th post-operative day. Stenosis of the vein was observed in 1 dog of A group and in 2 of the B group. Partial thrombosis with collateral circulation was evidenced in 1 dog of the bovine pericardium group. A moderated chronic inflammatory process was evidenced in both groups. Microscopic evaluation, regarding endothelization of the implant, collagen deposition, smooth muscle growth, was similar in both groups. SIS proved to be a functional graft patch for possessing local vena cava remodeling and its biocompatibility was similar to bovine pericardium.


Balance comparisons between female dancers and active nondancers.
Female dancers have lower anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates compared with physically active women. Enhanced balance can decrease musculoskeletal injury risk. Dancers are proposed to have superior balance compared with physically active nondancers, and this may reduce their risk for ACL injury. However, whether female dancers actually have better balance than active nondancers is unclear. Thirty-three women (15 dancers, 18 nondancers) performed the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS; error scores), the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT; percent leg length), and the Modified Bass Test of Dynamic Balance (BASS; maximum score = 100). Dancers had fewer errors on the BESS than did nondancers (p < .001, 12.0 +/- 6.9 vs. 25.3 +/- 9.1). Dancers also had greater SEBT reach distances in the medial (right, p = .03, 90.4 +/- 4.2% vs. 86.5 +/- 5.5%; left, p = .04, 90.7 +/- 4.5% vs. 86.7 +/- 5.9%) and posteromedial directions (right, p = .01, 92.6 +/- 5.6% vs. 87.0 +/- 6.4%; left, p = .01, 93.9 +/- 6.3% vs. 87.9 +/- 6.3%), but not in the anteromedial direction (right, p = .23, 84.5 +/- 4.4% vs. 86.2 +/- 3.5%; left, p = .51, 86.4 +/- 3.5% vs. 85.5 +/- 4.0%). BASS scores were similar between groups (p = .58, 90.6 +/- 5.5 vs. 91.7 +/- 56). The novel findings of the study are that dancers had greater balance than did nondancers in some but not all tests. Although dancing may improve balance as compared with not dancing, it is not better than physical activity in improving balance. Thus, balance comparisons between dancers and nondancers may not fully explain why female dancers exhibit low ACL injury rates compared with physically active women. Other factors (e.g., anticipated/unanticipated movement demands) should be examined to understand the ACL injury disparity between dancers and physically active women.


Right colectomy with simultaneous vascular reconstruction for celiac and superior mesenteric arterial occlusion.
Identification of the primary feeding vessel and its removal with corresponding lymphatics is crucial for oncologic bowel resection for colon cancer. However, this notion would be challenged if we encountered abnormal mesenteric vascular anatomy. We report a case of colon cancer with abnormal mesenteric circulation, for whom we performed oncologic colectomy with vascular reconstruction. A 61-year-old man presented with obstructing transverse colon cancer. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed complete occlusion at the root of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and the celiac artery (CA), with evidently dilated marginal artery (MA). An X-ray angiography revealed retrograde arterial blood flow originating from the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) via the MA, the SMA, and to the CA. At laparotomy, we found remarkably dilated MA with the mid-transverse colon cancer. There were no other communicating vessels between the IMA and the SMA. Right colectomy with proper lymph node dissection was completed, following vascular anastomosis between the MA to the SMA. His postoperative course was uneventful. A postoperative CT angiography showed revascularization of the areas where the SMA and the CA supplied. In this patient, if the abberant mesenteric circulation remained unrecognized at the time of surgery, and the MA were divided without vascular reconstruction, severe ischemia and subsequent gangrene of large part of the visceral organs would have occurred. This case illustrates the fundamental importance of assessment for vascular anatomy in patients undergoing oncologic abdominal surgery which associates with division of major mesenteric arteries.


Biomarkers Associated with Aortic Stenosis and Structural Bioprosthesis Dysfunction.
Prediction of patients at risk of aortic valve stenosis (AS), AS progression rate, and aortic bioprosthesis dysfunction are of major importance for clinical management and/or prevention. Many imaging modalities may be used; however, they may not be conclusive or available for all patients. Circulating biomarkers are easily available and may be related to a disease or process such as aortic valve calcification or associated with a risk factor of the disease. This article reviews current blood biomarkers associated with aortic valve stenosis/calcification and bioprosthesis dysfunction.


Insight from the draft genome of Dietzia cinnamea P4 reveals mechanisms of survival in complex tropical soil habitats and biotechnology potential.
The draft genome of Dietzia cinnamea strain P4 was determined using pyrosequencing. In total, 428 supercontigs were obtained and analyzed. We here describe and interpret the main features of the draft genome. The genome contained a total of 3,555,295 bp, arranged in a single replicon with an average G+C percentage of 70.9%. It revealed the presence of complete pathways for basically all central metabolic routes. Also present were complete sets of genes for the glyoxalate and reductive carboxylate cycles. Autotrophic growth was suggested to occur by the presence of genes for aerobic CO oxidation, formate/formaldehyde oxidation, the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle and the 3-hydropropionate cycle for CO(2) fixation. Secondary metabolism was evidenced by the presence of genes for the biosynthesis of terpene compounds, frenolicin, nanaomycin and avilamycin A antibiotics. Furthermore, a probable role in azinomycin B synthesis, an important product with antitumor activity, was indicated. The complete alk operon for the degradation of n-alkanes was found to be present, as were clusters of genes for biphenyl ring dihydroxylation. This study brings new insights in the genetics and physiology of D. cinnamea P4, which is useful in biotechnology and bioremediation.


Development of tolerance to effects of morphine on cardiac sympathetic response.
1. In isolated guinea-pig atria, morphine potentiated the response to sympathetic stimulation in a naloxone-insensitive, but calcium-sensitive way. The potentiating effect of morphine disappeared in the presence of desmethylimipramine; moreover morphine enhanced the dose-effect curve for exogenous noradrenaline. 2. Morphine was ineffective in guinea-pig atria obtained from animals implanted with morphine pellets for 4 days; on the other hand DADLE and dynorphin-(1-13) maintained their usual inhibitory effect on cardiac sympathetic response in the same kind of preparation. 3. In atria obtained from morphine-tolerant animals and maintained in vitro in the presence of morphine, removal of morphine from the bathing solution caused a new potentiating effect.


Purification and properties of citrate lyase from Streptococcus diacetilactis.
Citrate lyase from Streptococcus diacetilactis has been purified to yield a protein that was homogeneous as judged by sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium experiments. The enzyme's sedimentation coefficient is 16.8 S and its molecular weight is around 585,000. It contains three nonidentical subunits of about 53,000, 34,000, and 10,000 daltons. The enzyme in its active form contains an acetyl group which turns over during the citrate cleavage reaction. Removal of the acetyl group inactivates the enzyme. The deacetyl enzyme can be partially reactivated by acetylation with acetic anhydride. The enzyme undergoes slow "reaction-inactivation." The rate of inactivation is first order and the rate constant of inactivation is much lower than that for a similar inactivation process of the citrate lyase from Klebsiella aerogenes. Like the latter enzyme it contains stoichiometric amounts of phosphopantothenate. The enzyme is inactivated at pH greater than 8.1 and the presence of citrate provides protection against this inactivation. Sedimentation studies of the enzyme at pH 8.7 indicate that the enzyme is dissociated, which may account for the inactivation. The enzyme is immunologically different from citrate lyases of K. aerogenes and Escherichia coli.


Pelliolatifolias A-D, Four Undescribed Compounds from Pellionia latifolia Boerl. and Their Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activity.
Four undescribed compounds (1-4) named pelliolatifolias A-D together with seven known compounds trans-clovamide (5), N-trans-caffeoyl-4-hydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester (6), N-trans-caffeoyl-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester (7), luteolin 4'-O-β-D-glucopyrannoside (8), cis-syringin (9), trans-syringin (10), and citroside A (11) have been isolated from the methanol extract of the Pellionia latifolia leaves. Their chemical structures were elucidated based on extensive analyses of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and CD spectra. Compounds 1-7, 9 and 10 showed moderate inhibition of NO production in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells with their IC50 values ranging from 39.27 to 75.42 μM, compared to that of the positive control compound, dexamethasone, IC50 value of 14.20 μM.


Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus toyonensis Strain HA0190, Isolated from a Commercial Hydroxyapatite Product Extensively Used as a Synthetic Bone Graft Substitute.
Bacillus toyonensis is a member of the Bacillus cereus group and is used as a probiotic in animal feeds and biological applications. We report the 5.8-Mbp genome sequence of strain HA0190, an isolate from a commercial hydroxyapatite nanoparticle product. The genome contains a circular chromosome and two plasmids, pBT001 and pBT002.


Endogenous prostaglandin E2 modulates calcium-induced differentiation in human skin keratinocytes.
The concentration of extracellular calcium appears critical to the initiation of keratinocyte differentiation. Prostaglandins (PGs) have also been implicated in cell differentiation. Consequently, the participation of endogenous eicosanoids in calcium-induced differentiation of human keratinocytes was evaluated in vitro. Our results demonstrate that: (1) exogenously introduced PGE2, the major keratinocyte-derived eicosanoid, but not prostaglandin I2 (PGI2) or its stable metabolite 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, enhances calcium-induced cornified envelope formation, an established marker of keratinocyte differentiation; (2) increasing extracellular calcium increased endogenous PGE2 synthesis by cultured keratinocytes; (3) blocking endogenous PGE2 synthesis with indomethacin significantly suppresses calcium-induced formation of the cornified envelope; and (4) adding back PGE2 to indomethacin-treated keratinocytes is able to re-establish the control level of cornified envelope formation following stimulation by calcium. These data document the participation of endogenously generated PGE2 in the modulation of calcium-induced differentiation by human keratinocytes.


Postsynthetic Photochemical Modification and 2D Structuring of Zr-MOF Thin Films Containing Benzophenone Linker Molecules.
For the fabrication of next-generation MOF-based devices the availability of highly adaptable materials in suitable shapes is crucial. Here, we present thin films of a metal-organic framework (MOF) containing photoreactive benzophenone units. Crystalline, oriented and porous films of the zirconium-based bzpdc-MOF (bzpdc=benzophenone-4-4'-dicarboxylate) are prepared by direct growth on silicon or glass substrates. Via a subsequent photochemical modification of the Zr-bzpdc-MOF films, various properties can be tuned postsynthetically by covalent attachment of modifying agents. Apart from the modification with small molecules, also grafting-from polymerization reactions are possible. In a further extension, 2D structuring and photo-writing of defined structures is also possible, for example by using a photolithographic approach, paving the way towards micro-patterned MOF surfaces.


HLA, anti-DNA, and complement in myasthenia gravis.
Twenty-seven patients (18 females and 9 males) with myasthenia gravis were HLA-A, -B, -C, and -D typed, and the results were analyzed with relation to evidence of immunodeficiency, thymic disease, and associated autoimmune processes. An association of A1, B8, and DRW3 appeared to identify a group of 8 females with higher mean anti-DNA, lower mean C4, and lower mean E. coli antibody titer than other females in whom CW4 (with or without BW35) was common (6 of the remaining 10 females were in this category). Antiacetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) autoantibody and reduced serum IgM and isohemagglutinin titers were not clearly related to particular HLA specificities. These results suggest that HLA-A1, -B8, -DRW3, and -CW4 may be related to associated phenomena rather than playing a major role in the development of anti-AChR and myasthenia gravis.


Pseudotumor cerebri.
Pseudotumor cerebri (PTC) is a syndrome of increased intracranial pressure without hydrocephalus or mass lesion and with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) composition. Although often considered to be "idiopathic," detailed investigation has revealed a high incidence of venous outflow abnormalities in PTC syndrome patients. The thought that elevated intracranial venous sinus pressure is a "universal mechanism" for PTC syndrome of varying etiologies has been called into question by a study indicating that the increased venous pressure in idiopathic PTC patients is caused by the elevated intracranial pressure and not the reverse, suggesting that "the chicken is the CSF pressure elevation and the egg is the venous sinus pressure elevation." Vitamin A toxicity may play a role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic PTC. The treatment of PTC has two major goals: the alleviation of symptoms and preservation of visual function. When medical therapy fails or when visual dysfunction deteriorates, surgical therapies for PTC should be considered. The two main procedures performed include lumboperitoneal shunt and optic nerve sheath fenestration. Because of the association of PTC with venous sinus hypertension, some authors are considering venous sinus stenting for refractory cases of PTC. It is still unclear if primary treatment of the observed venous stenosis benefits patients with idiopathic PTC. This should be no surprise, as it is not certain whether the stenoses are the cause or the result of idiopathic PTC.


Influence of the initial foot contact strategy on knee joint moments during stair and ramp descent.
Gait modification strategies are effective in reducing knee joint loads, which are associated with the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the effect of modification of the initial foot contact method in high-loading descending task was not investigated. Here, we show that the initial foot contact strategy significantly alters knee joint moments during descending tasks. We found that the second peak flexion moment was lower for the forefoot strike (FFS) than for the rearfoot strike (RFS) in both stair and ramp descent. As for the peak adduction moment, the second peak was lower for the FFS in stair descent, but two peaks were inconsistent in ramp descent. Our results demonstrate that the knee joint loads can be reduced by simple modification of the initial foot contact strategy. In both descending modalities, the FFS may benefit people with early OA in the patellofemoral joint, whose progression is associated with the peak flexion moment. Likewise, the FFS during stair descent may benefit people with early OA in the medial knee, whose progression is associated with the peak adduction moment. The results would be helpful for prevention and rehabilitation programmes of knee OA.


Development of hydroxy-based sphingosine kinase inhibitors and anti-inflammation in dextran sodium sulfate induced colitis in mice.
Sphingosine kinase (SphK)-catalyzed production of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) regulates cell growth, survival and proliferation as well as inflammatory status in animals. In recent study we reported the N'-(3-(benzyloxy)benzylidene)-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzohydrazide scaffold as a potent SphK inhibitor. As a continuation of these efforts, 51 derivatives were synthesized and evaluated by SphK1/2 inhibitory activities for structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. Among them, 33 was identified as the most potent SphK inhibitor. Potency of 33 was also observed to efficiently decrease SphK1/2 expression in human colorectal cancer cells (HCT116) and significantly inhibit dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis as well as the decreased expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in mouse models. Collectively, 33 was validated as an effective SphK inhibitor, which can be served as anti-inflammatory agent to probably treat inflammatory bowel diseases in human.


[A biocompatibility study and the effects of slow-release antibiotic materials in the treatment of periodontal disease. II. The biocompatibility and behavior of polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) as a slow-release material for tetracycline of metronidazole. A study of 2 cases].
The study analyses the possibility of using polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate as a material for the slow release of antibiotic in periodontal pockets. The antibiotics examined were tetracycline and metronidazole. The aim of the study was to evaluate the biocompatibility of the material with periodontal tissue and the efficacy of the 2 prepared systems. Two sites were selected in 2 periodontopathic patients who after non-surgical treatment presented pockets measuring 8 and 7 mm. A sheet of pHEMA containing tetracycline was inserted in one and in the other a sheet containing metronidazole: both were left for 8 days in the chosen pockets. At the start and end of treatment PD and GI clinical indices were measured and the DMDx microbiological test was performed to identify Aa of Pg and Pi. The tissue reaction to pHEMA was evaluated using SEM analysis of two samples collected after 8 days of treatment. The microscopic results showed the optimal biocompatibility of both samples. Differences were noted with regard to clinical and microbiological efficacy. It was observed that the sheet of pHEMA containing tetracycline resulted in the disappearance of bleeding and a reduced depth of survey. Moreover, microbiological results showed a significant reduction in Porphyromonas gingivalis. The sheet of pHEMA containing metronidazole showed a lower level of therapeutic efficacy. Although reduced depth was noted, gingival bleeding was persistent and the reduction of bacteria analysed was not significant. In conclusion, the authors confirm the optimal biocompatibility of the material and its easy application, although further research, especially for pHEMA with metronidazole, must be carried out to improve drug kinetics, trying to maintain an effective local concentration throughout treatment.


Direct effects of dexamethasone on human podocytes.
Glucocorticoids are widely used in the treatment of human glomerular diseases, but their mode of action is poorly understood particularly in steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome, which is most common in childhood and is characterized by a lack of inflammation in the kidney. The podocyte is a key cell in the glomerulus in health and disease: until recently, human podocytes have been difficult to study in vitro. We have developed a conditionally immortalized human podocyte cell line transfected with a temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 transgene: when the transgene is inactivated in vitro, these cells adopt the phenotype of differentiated podocytes. We have used these cells to evaluate, using immunocytochemistry, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting, direct effects of the glucocorticoid dexamethasone at concentrations designed to mimic in vivo therapeutic corticosteroid levels. Dexamethasone upregulated expression of nephrin and tubulin-alpha, and downregulated vascular endothelial growth factor. Effects on cell cycle were complex with downregulation of cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 and augmentation of podocyte survival, without any effect on apoptosis. We report cytokine production by human podocytes, especially interleukin (IL)-6 and -8; IL-6 expression was suppressed by dexamethasone. These potent direct effects on podocytes illustrate a novel mode of action of glucocorticoids and suggest potential new therapeutic strategies for glomerular disease.


Computed tomography of the ethmoid sinuses.
CT scanning of the ethmoid sinuses is a significant advancement in the diagnostic evaluation of patients with pathology in this region. It allows for simultaneous and accurate evaluation of fine bony detail as well as subtle soft tissue abnormalities.


Validity and reliability of 2-dimensional trunk, hip, and knee frontal plane kinematics during single-leg squat, drop jump, and single-leg hop in females with patellofemoral pain.
To investigate validity and between-session reliability of frontal plane trunk, hip, and knee kinematics during three functional tasks in females with patellofemoral pain (PFP). Observational. Research Laboratory. 20 females with PFP (22.7 ± 3.2 years, 69.9 ± 9.2 kg, 167.7 ± 9.6 cm). Trunk, hip, and knee frontal plane peak angles during the single leg squat (SLS), drop vertical jump (DVJ), and single leg hop (SLH) kinematics were evaluated using 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) motion capture. Participants returned to the lab one week later and competed a second 2D analysis of the functional tasks. Concurrent validity was assessed by evaluating relationship between 2D and 3D frontal plane kinematics with Pearson correlations. Between-session reliability was assessed by evaluating 2D kinematics with intraclass correlation coefficients by a single assessor. Moderate to strong correlations (r = 0.55-0.76, p < .05) were found for frontal plane hip kinematics during all three tasks and the trunk during the SLH. Frontal plane kinematics demonstrated good to excellent test-retest reliability for each of the three tasks, (ICC (2,1) = 0.70-0.90). 2D hip joint angles during the three functional tasks were the only valid frontal plane angles. Trunk, hip, and knee 2D frontal plane kinematics ranged between good-excellent reliability.


A variant of the alpha 2 subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase contains an insert homologous to a region within adenylyl cyclases and functions as a dominant negative protein.
A variant of the alpha 2 subunit of soluble guanylyl cyclase (alpha 2i) containing 31 additional amino acids was identified in a number of cell lines and tissues. The in-frame sequence of the insert was within the proposed catalytic domain of guanylyl cyclases and was homologous to a region within the putative catalytic domain of adenylyl cyclases. Messenger RNA for the new variant was detected in some but not all cell lines and tissues expressing the alpha 2 subunit. The novel form, as well as the alpha 2 subunit lacking the insert, were coexpressed with the beta 1 subunit in Sf9 and COS-7 cells; alpha 2/beta 1 coexpression yielded a NO-sensitive recombinant protein, whereas the coexpressed alpha 2i/beta 1 subunits exhibited no guanylyl or adenylyl cyclase activities. Because both subunits (alpha 2i/beta 1) copurified, the novel variant retains its ability to heterodimerize. In coexpression experiments, the alpha 2i subunit competed with the alpha 2 subunit for dimerization with the beta 1 subunit, thereby reducing alpha 2/beta 1-catalyzed guanylyl cyclase activity. These data show that the novel variant functions as a dominant negative protein and that post-transcriptional mRNA processing represents a potential mechanism for regulation of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase activity.


Intrinsic control of rhabdom size and rhodopsin content in the crab compound eye by a circadian biological clock.
Under conditions of constant darkness, rhabdom volume and the amount of visual pigment chromophore show circadian changes in the compound eye of the crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus. The present results indicate that an intrinsic circadian biological clock is involved in the control of the changes.


Quarantine Hotels: Integration between Hospitality and Healthcare Services to Promote Health Behavior and Quality of Life.
COVID-19 has spread globally and infected millions of people, thereby restricting their movement. Quarantine hotels play an important role in protecting people from COVID-19 and contribute to a better quality of life. The objective of this study was to examine the role of quarantine hotels in providing improved quality of life through both medical and hospitality services under one roof to address the COVID-19 situation in Saudi Arabia. This study used a quantitative, cross-sectional research design. Data were collected from quarantine hotels in Saudi Arabia using a survey, and analyzed through Partial Least Square (PLS)-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Medical service quality, financial savings and convenience had a positive effect on people's attitudes and intention to use quarantine hotels. Similarly, attitude, intention, and hospitality products had a positive effect on health behavior, which favorably affected quality of life. Medical service quality, financial savings, and convenience, as well as hospitality provided by quarantine hotels, have a positive role in promoting health behavior and quality of life.


Supporting informed decision-making about vaccination: an analysis of two official websites.
To analyze the content of two official French-speaking websites that are used to inform the general public about recommended vaccines in France and Quebec. Qualitative content analysis. All pages that inform and educate parents regarding childhood vaccination were downloaded and analyzed according to evidence-informed risk communication metrics. A total of 32 webpages, 14 videos, and two infographics were included in the analysis. The following were the most frequent risk communication approaches: 'debunking common misconceptions about vaccination' or 'answering common questions about vaccines.' Harm and benefit information focused primarily on the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases and the risks of adverse events after immunization. Most materials used qualitative terminology to describe the risk (e.g., vaccines are among the safest tools, adverse events are rare). Very few materials provided numeric likelihood of harms and benefits. When numeric information was stated, they were only presenting the risks of the diseases or number of cases in an outbreak. The approaches used to debunk misconceptions generally focused on the myth itself rather than the correct information. Few materials used visual aids (e.g., graphics, pictures, icons arrays, etc.) to convey important information. It is often assumed that misinformation and rumors about vaccination found online is a leading cause of the increase in vaccine hesitancy. Existing communication materials could be improved to better align with best practices in risk communication. Given the availability of confusing and conflicting vaccine narratives, it is crucial that authoritative communication materials aim to build trust and support informed choices about vaccination.


Preserving Surgical Professionalism in Social Media; Long Live the Media, But Let Live the Surgeon.
The positive impact of social media in surgery is ever increasing, although they present some challenging aspects, as preservation of medical professionalism. Physicians should respect patient privacy and integrity through their online presence. However, their personal expression also deserves respect, not being labeled "unprofessional" just for conveying private attitudes and beliefs.


Evaluation of an educational program to improve communication with patients about early-phase trial participation.
Discussing early-phase cancer trials is challenging; most offer little personal benefit to patients with life-limiting illnesses who frequently have a poor understanding of and misconceptions about the therapeutic aims. We evaluated an evidence-based training program aimed at enhancing communication. Prior to and after the intervention, 47 health care professionals (HCPs) experienced in early-phase trial recruitment were audio taped discussing trials with patient simulators who completed postinterview evaluations. Coders rated the interviews for the presence of information areas required to elicit ethical consent. HCPs reported their self-confidence on 15 different aspects of trial discussion. Significant objective and subjective improvements in communication were found after the workshop. Analyses of audio tapes showed positive shifts in: establishing the patient's knowledge of their prognosis (odds ratio [OR], 2.7; p = .002), discussing symptomatic care (OR, 3.8; p < .001), the aims of the trial (OR, 2.6; p =.002), and the unlikelihood of medical benefit (OR, 3.0; p = .021). Patient simulator ratings showed improvements in: the awareness of palliative care and symptom control (OR, 2.1; p = .004), the voluntariness of participation (OR, 3.7; p = .015), the opportunity to ask questions (OR, 2.9; p = .044), and the time to consider participation (OR, 6.1; p = .009). HCPs' self-confidence increased significantly for all 15 items (OR range, 1.5-2.9; p ≤ .001). This short, intensive workshop changed communication skills competency and self-efficacy in ways likely to promote valid, ethically informed consent from patients contemplating trial entry.


Three Medicolegal Cases of Searching for the Stone: Lessons Learned Along the Journey.
We present three medicolegal cases of medical negligence settled out of court. These cases all involved patients who presented to the emergency department (ED) with a suspected diagnosis of kidney stone. Highlighted are the importance of patient communication, addressing incidental findings found during a patient's ED visit, anticipating complications, and the need for thorough documentation.


Helical Polariton Lasing from Topological Valleys in an Organic Crystalline Microcavity.
Topological photonics provides an important platform for the development of photonic devices with robust disorder-immune light transport and controllable helicity. Mixing photons with excitons (or polaritons) gives rise to nontrivial polaritonic bands with chiral modes, allowing the manipulation of helical lasers in strongly coupled light-matter systems. In this work, helical polariton lasing from topological valleys of an organic anisotropic microcrystalline cavity based on tailored local nontrivial band geometry is demonstrated. This polariton laser emits light of different helicity along different angular directions. The significantly enhanced chiral characteristics are achieved by the nonlinear relaxation process. Helical topological polariton lasers may provide a perfect platform for the exploration of novel topological phenomena that involve light-matter interaction and the development of polariton-based spintronic devices.


Molecular cloning of a phospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferase from Aeromonas hydrophila. Sequence homologies with lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and other lipases.
We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding Aeromonas hydrophila phospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferase, an enzyme which shares many properties with mammalian lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase. The derived amino acid sequence of the protein contains two regions which are homologous to the proposed active sites and binding sites of the plasma acyltransferase and to similar sequences in other interfacially acting lipolytic enzymes. The amino terminus is preceded by a typical 18 amino acid signal sequence. The protein, which is released into the culture supernatant by Aeromonas hydrophila, is confined to the periplasm of Escherichia coli.


Non-coding RNAs deregulation in oral squamous cell carcinoma: advances and challenges.
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common cause of cancer death. Despite decades of improvements in exploring new treatments and considerable advance in multimodality treatment, satisfactory curative rates have not yet been reached. The difficulty of early diagnosis and the high prevalence of metastasis associated with OSCC contribute to its dismal prognosis. In the last few decades the emerging data from both tumor biology and clinical trials led to growing interest in the research for predictive biomarkers. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are promising biomarkers. Among numerous kinds of ncRNAs, short ncRNAs, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), have been extensively investigated with regard to their biogenesis, function, and importance in carcinogenesis. In contrast to miRNAs, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are much less known concerning their functions in human cancers especially in OSCC. The present review highlighted the roles of miRNAs and newly discovered lncRNAs in oral tumorigenesis, metastasis, and their clinical implication.


Does vitamin D3 have negative effects on serum levels of lipids? A follow-up study with a sequential combination of estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate and/or vitamin D3.
The effects of four different treatment schedules on serum lipid concentrations were studied for 1 year in 402 postmenopausal women in the Kuopio Osteoporosis Study. The women were randomized to four treatment groups: A, Sequential combination of estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate (Climen); B, Vitamin D3, 300 IU/day; C, Climen+Vitamin D3, D, placebo. In group A, serum concentrations of total cholesterol (Chol) decreased by 4.8% in 6 months and by 6.2% in 12 months (P < 0.001), but in group C the decrease was only 2.9% in 6 months (P < 0.05) and 3.4% in 12 months (P < 0.01). The decline of total-Chol in group A was accounted for by the 6.8% to 7.5% decrease in LDL-Chol levels (P < 0.001). The decrease of LDL-Chol in group C was statistically non-significant. Use of vitamin D3 (group B), increased serum Chol by 2.7% (6 months), P < 0.05 and by 2.1% (12 months) and the increases were the result of the 6.0% to 6.2% increase in LDL-Chol levels in 6 and 12 months, respectively (P < 0.001). Serum concentrations of HDL-Chol and TG remained relatively stable in all groups. No correlations were found between LDL-Chol, 25-OH-D3 and 1,25(OH)2-D3 levels in group B. Our results confirm the beneficial effect of estradiol valerate and cyproterone acetate on the lipid profile. In contrast, vitamin D3 had a negative influence on this profile by increasing serum concentrations of LDL-Chol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Intestinal propulsive action of oxetoron.
In a double blind placebo controlled study of 40 patients, oxetoron was shown significantly to shorten the time required for movement of a small intestinal biopsy capsule up to the angle of Treitz.


Transvaginal 3-d power Doppler ultrasound evaluation of the fetal brain at 10-13 weeks' gestation.
The objective of this study was to measure the fetal brain volume (FBV) and vascularization and blood flow using transvaginal 3-D power Doppler (3DPD) ultrasound late in the first trimester of pregnancy. 3DPD ultrasound examinations with the VOCAL imaging analysis program were performed on 36 normal fetuses from 10-13 weeks' gestation. FBV and 3DPD indices related to the fetal brain vascularization (vascularization index [VI], flow index [FI] and vascularization flow index [VFI]) were calculated in each fetus. Intra- and interclass correlation coefficients and intra- and interobserver agreements of measurements were assessed. FBV was curvilinearly correlated well with the gestational age (R2 = 0.861, p < 0.0001). All 3-D power Doppler indices (VI, FI and VFI) showed no change at 10-13 weeks' gestation. FBV and all 3-D power Doppler indices (VI, FI and VFI) showed a correlation > 0.82, with good intra- and interobserver agreement. Our findings suggest that 3-D ultrasound is a superior means of evaluating the FBV in utero, and that 3-D power Doppler ultrasound histogram analysis may provide new information on the assessment of fetal brain perfusion.


Anatomic distribution of cancers and colorectal adenomas according to age and sex and relationship between proximal and distal neoplasms in an i-FOBT-positive average-risk Italian screening cohort.
Subsite-specific incidence rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) and adenomas may vary considerably by race, sex and age as well as due to different screening strategies. We assessed variations in the anatomical distribution of adenomas according to age and sex in an average-risk screening cohort testing positive at immunological faecal occult blood test (i-FOBT) in northern Italy. Data from 2,281 consecutive asymptomatic i-FOBT-positive subjects ageing 50-70 years undergone colonoscopy were reviewed. Size, number, macroscopic and histological features of all adenomas found as well as their proximal or distal location in relation to the splenic flexure were examined. Odds ratios (OR) of proximal neoplasms, according to the presence of distal neoplasms and other selected covariates were assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis. A total of 2,599 neoplasms were found in 1,396 patients. Of these, 116 (5 %) were colorectal cancers, diagnosed in 106 patients. Out of 2,483 adenomas found, 1,564 (63 %) were sessile, 795 (32 %) were peduncolated and 124 (5 %) were flat-type; 54 % of all adenomas were tubular, 36 % were tubulovillous or villous, and 10 % were serrated adenomas. The majority of neoplasms (66 %) were located in the distal colon. Tumour subsite distribution was consistent in both sexes, whereas significant proximal migration of neoplasms occurred in the older age cohort. Indeed, the rate of proximal neoplasms in patients aged ≥60 years was 37 % as compared with 29 % in those ageing 50-59 years. Male gender (OR 1.84), age of 60 years or older (OR 1.44), having a family history of colorectal neoplasms (OR 1.47) and presence of at least 1 distal advanced adenoma (OR 1.63) were all significant predictors of advanced proximal neoplasms. A left to right shift of colorectal adenomas with increasing age is evident in northern Italian asymptomatic i-FOBT-positive population. Advanced proximal neoplasms are not uncommon in subjects with or without distal adenomas, especially after 60 years of age. This should be carefully considered when implementing public screening strategies for CRC since the use of flexible sigmoidoscopy as a screening tool, particularly in older age groups, appears to be less effective.


Possible Sources of the Difference in the Severity of the Prior Information Effect on Polygraph Scoring Found in Three Published Studies.
The present article compares three CQT polygraph studies (Elaad et al., 1994; Ginton, 2019; Krapohl & Dutton, 2018), each indicating a different degree of the prior information effect in triggering confirmation bias while scoring polygraph examinations. The comparison led to the conclusion that the sample of the examiners who did the scoring in Krapohl and Dutton's study (2018) was a better representative of the examiners' population; however, the robust effect found in it is somewhat questionable since an unspecified part of it could be attributed to uncontrolled contamination of a conformity factor. So, we are left with the findings of the other two studies, which indicate a smaller effect. The comparison between the studies also raised the option that using the conservative inconclusive zone of +/-5 in the numerical scoring might mitigate the prior information impact by reducing the possibility that it may change results from Deception Indicated (DI) to No Deception Indicated (NDI) and vice versa. With such cut scores, at most, the effect would be shown in entering or leaving the Inconclusive zone, which is less problematic in increasing the number of potential errors. The danger of being affected by prior information is still there and should be paid attention to; however, as for now, research evidence indicates that it affects only a small percentage of the total volume of field CQT tests. That is compatible with Ginton's (2019) findings that the adverse effect in practice may concern less than 5% of the specific event-related CQT examinations.


Summary of best evidence for enhanced recovery after surgery for patients undergoing lung cancer operations.
According to the cancer burden report released by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in 2020, the mortality rate of lung cancer is 18%, ranking first in the world, and its morbidity and mortality rates are highest in China. Pneumonectomy is the preferred treatment for lung cancer patients, but surgery carries a significant risk of perioperative complications, which may affect the patient's functional recovery and quality of life. So, the rehabilitation of the large number of lung cancer patients in China requires greater attention. A number of studies have shown that the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol can reduce the risk of death, readmission rate, adjuvant chemotherapy time, postoperative pain level, anesthesia medication amount, length of stay, and hospitalization expenses. Foreign literature has successively issued guidelines to improve recovery among lung cancer patients, but Chinese-specific literature for patients undergoing lung cancer surgery or thoracic surgery remains inadequate. Some Chinese expert consensus have only considered part of the content of ERAS in thoracic surgery. To summary the evidence of the ERAS program for lung cancer surgery patients at home and abroad basing on evidence-based medicine is necessary. Therefore, this study used evidence-based practical thinking as a guide to (1) evaluate, integrate, and summarize relevant evidence guidelines and data resources at home and abroad so as to construct an enhanced recovery program for lung cancer patients suitable for Chinese national conditions and (2) provide a scientific basis for future research and practice in related fields.


[Arginine]vasopressin hydrolyses phosphoinositides in the medullary thick ascending limb of mouse nephron.
NaCl reabsorption across the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (TAL) is stimulated by several hormones, in particular vasopressin acting through V2 receptors and cyclic AMP production. This study used suspensions of medullary TAL (mTAL) tubules from the mouse nephron to investigate the possibility that, besides activating adenylyl cyclase, vasopressin also stimulates phospholipase C via V1 receptor occupancy. Two different methods, phosphoinositide labelling and inositol trisphosphate (InsP3) radioimmunoassay, were used to show that [arginine]vasopressin (AVP) rapidly stimulated the formation of InsP3, which peaked at 200%-250% of control within the first minute of incubation with 10 nmol/l vasopressin at 37 degrees C, and declined to basal level after 5-10 min. Dose/response curves for InsP3, established at 30 degrees C and 37 degrees C using radioimmunoassay, showed a half-maximal stimulation of InsP3 production at about 1 nmol/l AVP and a maximal response at 10 nmol/l. Similar values were obtained for the response to AVP in terms of cAMP accumulation. InsP3 content in the presence of higher concentrations of AVP (1 mumol/l) was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than in the presence of 10 nmol/l AVP, giving a bell-shaped appearance to the dose/response curve at 37 degrees C but not at 30 degrees C. The V2 receptor agonist, 1-deamino-[8-D-Arg]vasopressin (dAVP) did not stimulate the formation of InsP3, and the V1 receptor antagonist d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2]AVP inhibited AVP-induced InsP3 formation, which therefore appeared to be mediated by V1 receptor occupancy. Under the same conditions, AVP also induced the formation of diradylglycerol via V1 receptor activation, with an analogous dose/response curve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


Furosemide-induced glucose intolerance in mice is associated with reduced insulin secretion.
The effect of furosemide on carbohydrate metabolism was studied in ob/ob mice. Intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of furosemide (200 mg/kg body weight) into fasted mice resulted in acute hyperglycaemia and two days after such a single dose, the mice showed fasting hyperglycaemia and glucose intolerance. Pancreatic islets from mice that had been injected with furosemide (200 mg/kg body weight) two days prior to the in vitro experiments showed increased basal (3 mmol/1 D-glucose) and decreased glucose-stimulated (20 mmol/1) insulin release. Islets from furosemide- or saline-injected animals showed no difference in islet insulin content. The results show that furosemide has both acute and long-term effects on carbohydrate metabolism in ob/ob mice. It is suggested that this, at least in part, is due to an effect on the pancreatic beta-cells.


The utility of lockout valve reservoirs in preventing autoinflation in penile prostheses.
Autoinflation is a troublesome complication following penile prosthesis placement that may be potentiated by prevesical scarring following radical prostatectomy. We evaluated the frequency of autoinflation and other complications following penile prosthesis placement in radical prostatectomy patients and controls as a surrogate to establishing the utility of lockout reservoirs in preventing autoinflation. 139 prostheses (including 14 with lockout reservoirs) were placed in 132 men (including 35 post-prostatectomy patients) over a 5(1/2) year period at our institution. Outcomes assessed include postoperative complications and the need for revision or replacement of the prosthesis. Multivariable regression analysis was used to determine the association of patient, device-specific, and perioperative characteristics with these outcomes. There was no difference in the postoperative complication and re-operation rates between post-prostatectomy patients and controls (both p > 0.77). The incidence of autoinflation in post-prostatectomy patients and controls was 3% and 5%, respectively (p > 0.99). Patients with prior prostheses were 3 times as likely to develop a postoperative complication or require prosthesis revision (p = 0.02). Penile prostheses are well tolerated in post-prostatectomy patients with comparable outcomes to those men with organic erectile dysfunction. The frequency of autoinflation does not appear to be increased in post-prostatectomy patients. Initial results with the lockout valve reservoir in preventing autoinflation are encouraging though additional study is warranted to justify their routine use.


Suicide rates across income levels: Retrospective cohort data on 1 million participants collected between 2003 and 2013 in South Korea.
The relation of income and socioeconomic status with suicide rates remains unclear. Most previous studies have focused on the relationship between suicide rates and macroeconomic factors (e.g., economic growth rate). Therefore, we aimed to identify the relationship between individuals' socioeconomic position and suicide risk. We analyzed suicide mortality rates across socioeconomic positions to identify potential trends using observational data on suicide mortality collected between January 2003 and December 2013 from 1,025,340 national health insurance enrollees. We followed the subjects for 123.5 months on average. Socioeconomic position was estimated using insurance premium levels. To examine the hazard ratios of suicide mortality in various socioeconomic positions, we used Cox proportional hazard models. We found that the hazard ratios of suicide showed an increasing trend as socioeconomic position decreased. After adjusting for gender, age, geographic location, and disability level, Medicaid recipients had the highest suicide hazard ratio (2.28; 95% CI, 1.87-2.77). Among the Medicaid recipients, men had higher hazard ratios than women (2.79; 95% CI, 2.17-3.59 vs. 1.71; 95% CI, 1.25-2.34). Hazard ratios also varied across age groups. The highest hazard ratio was found in the 40-59-year-old group (3.19; 95% CI, 2.31-4.43), whereas the lowest ratio was found in those 60 years and older (1.44; 95% CI, 1.09-1.87). Our results illuminate the relationship between socioeconomic position and suicide rates and can be used to design and implement future policies on suicide prevention.


Sensitive response of glaciers to changing climate in the Yankti Kuti valley, Kumaon Himalaya, India, between 1990 and 2021.
This study provides the first comprehensive account of the glaciation of the Yankti Kuti valley of the upper Kali Ganga catchment of the Kumaon Himalaya, Uttarakhand. Employing multi-year satellite images from 1990 to 2021, the study investigated the loss of glacial area, ice volume, snout recession, and the changes in the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) in the Yankti Kuti Valley. The investigation showed an overall reduction of ~ 21 km2 (~ 21%) of the total glacier area of the basin. The basin witnesses an ice volume loss of ~ 23% and ~ 41 m upward shifting of the equilibrium line altitude (ELA) between 1990 and 2021. The retreat rate of the four studied glaciers shows ranges from ~ 18 to 41 m/year. The glaciers in the valley are melting at a significant rate due to global warming, giving rise to the increasing number of pro-glacial lakes in the study area from 04 in 1990 to 10 in 2021 and making them vulnerable to glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in the future. The study, therefore, calls for continued glacier monitoring in the upper Kali Ganga catchment in order to assess the future response of the Himalayan cryosphere and to make robust quantitative assessments about the sustainable mitigation and adaptation strategies in the lower valleys.


Fatty acid transport in multiple carboxylase deficiency fibroblasts.
Holocarboxylase synthetase (HS) and biotinidase deficiencies have been identified as causes of biotin-responsive multiple carboxylase deficiency. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) deficiency has been shown to occur in multiple carboxylase deficiency, and HS(-) fibroblasts are being employed to investigate compensatory regulatory responses in cells deficient in ACC. In previous studies, biotin starved HS(-) fibroblasts showed a reduced fatty acid content, an abnormal percentage composition of fatty acids, and a preservation of longer-chain fatty acid contents of cells. We herein ask whether the mutant cells show compensatory increases in the transport of longer-chain fatty acids from the medium into fibroblasts. In the present experiments there was no change in the uptake of arachidonate, palmitate or oleate following growth of mutant and control fibroblasts in (+) or (-) biotin conditions. Differential fatty acid uptake from the medium is therefore not a compensatory mechanism in HS(-) cells, and cannot account for the specific changes in fatty acid composition produced by biotin restriction.


Regulatory effects of different anionic surfactants on the transformation of heavy metal fractions and reduction of heavy metal resistance genes in chicken manure compost.
Surfactants are widely used as a passivating agent in heavy metal passivation process, but their effect on transformation of heavy metal fraction and reduction of heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) in composting process is still unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two anionic surfactants (rhamnolipid and sodium dodecyl sulfate) on heavy metal passivation and resistance gene reduction in chicken manure composting. The results showed that the addition of surfactant can effectively enhance degradation of organic matter (OM). Both surfactants could effectively reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals (HMs) and the relative abundance of resistance genes, especially rhamnolipids. The potential functional bacteria affecting heavy metal passivation were identified by the changes of microbial community. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that protease (PRT) activity was the key factor affecting the fractions of the second group of HMs including ZnF1, CuF1, CuF2, PbF1 and PbF3. These findings indicate that addition of anionic surfactants can reduce the bioavailability of HMs and the abundance of resistance genes in compost products, which is of guiding significance for the reduction of health risks in the harmless utilization of livestock and poultry manure.


A specious relevance between theory and practice: Insights into temperature parameter and multi-phase strategy of anaerobic digestion of straw.
Anaerobic digestion (AD) of straw is a highly complex and dynamic process. The temperature range of mesophilic (30-40 °C) and thermophilic (50-65 °C) are usually recommended in textbook notion. The two-phase strategy is usually applied based on the classical theory, including acidification-phase and methanation-phase. However, both the optimized temperature parameter and the enhanced multi-phase strategy solely focus on the local AD process. A specious relevance between theory and practice during AD process of straw has always been argued. Classical AD theory was not necessarily the sufficient approach to guide the anaerobic biological transformation of straw. More profound investigations of optimum temperature are still needed, uniquely synergistic mechanisms of functional microorganisms, as well as process stability, should be taken into account. Besides, additional research should focus on the matching between the physicochemical properties and process parameters/strategies choosing. A multi-stage operation strategy based on straw material composition is a potential operation approach to improve its efficiency. Furthermore, more comprehensive attention should be paid to the collaborative response mechanism by coupling substrate, temperature, and microbial in complex AD systems for straws.


Incidental late diagnosis of cystic fibrosis following AH1N1 influenza virus pneumonia: a case report.
Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by chronic progressive multisystem involvement. AH1N1 virus infections caused classic influenza symptoms in the majority of cystic fibrosis patients while others experienced severe outcomes. We report a case of late incidental cystic fibrosis diagnosis in a young Caucasian man suffering from respiratory failure following infection due to AH1N1 influenza virus. The patient was admitted to our department with fever, cough, and dyspnea at rest unresponsive to antibiotics CONCLUSIONS: Late diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in uncommon. This report highlights the importance of early cystic fibrosis diagnosis to minimize risk of occurrence of potential life-threatening complications.


Arthroscopic Subscapularis Repair With Preserved Biceps Anatomy.
Arthroscopic subscapularis repair continues to improve with the advancement of surgical technique and critical focus on careful intraoperative evaluation. As identification of these tears increases, there is an expected increase in repair rates as well. Anatomically, the upper border of the subscapularis and the long head of the biceps (LHB) tendon are in close relation. Many surgeons have advocated concomitant LHB tenotomy versus tenodesis in conjunction with operative subscapularis tears. We hypothesized that in the setting of a preserved anatomic biceps pulley and no LHB pathology, isolated subscapularis repair would result in excellent clinical outcomes when compared with subscapularis repair and biceps tenotomy or tenodesis.


An assessment of variables affecting transition readiness in pediatric rheumatology patients.
We sought to identify which adolescent patient characteristics might lead to subjective reported independence in accessing medical care when patients transition from pediatric to adult medicine. Pediatric and adult rheumatologists were asked which pediatric patient characteristics they believed would improve transition to adult medical care. Based on these responses, a questionnaire was created and administered to 76 teenage/young adult patients in a pediatric rheumatology clinic. The first set of questions included demographic, disease features, and life skills questions. The second set of questions pertained to self-reported independence in managing medical care. Data was analyzed to see if there were any significant associations between an individual's response to demographic, disease feature, or life skills questions and the independence outcome questions. In our study, older age correlated with self-reported independence in almost all questions asked regarding accessing medical care. Other patient characteristics that were associated with increased self-perceived autonomy included having a younger parent, having a family member with a similar disease, longer disease duration, having a comorbid non-rheumatic diagnosis, and having had a summer job. The patient characteristics that we found associated with self-reported independence in obtaining medical care should be considered when determining which patients might be more likely to make a successful transition.


LiQD Cornea: Pro-regeneration collagen mimetics as patches and alternatives to corneal transplantation.
Transplantation with donor corneas is the mainstay for treating corneal blindness, but a severe worldwide shortage necessitates the development of other treatment options. Corneal perforation from infection or inflammation is sealed with cyanoacrylate glue. However, the resulting cytotoxicity requires transplantation. LiQD Cornea is an alternative to conventional corneal transplantation and sealants. It is a cell-free, liquid hydrogel matrix for corneal regeneration, comprising short collagen-like peptides conjugated with polyethylene glycol and mixed with fibrinogen to promote adhesion within tissue defects. Gelation occurs spontaneously at body temperature within 5 min. Light exposure is not required-particularly advantageous because patients with corneal inflammation are typically photophobic. The self-assembling, fully defined, synthetic collagen analog is much less costly than human recombinant collagen and reduces the risk of immune rejection associated with xenogeneic materials. In situ gelation potentially allows for clinical application in outpatient clinics instead of operating theaters, maximizing practicality, and minimizing health care costs.


[Experiences with HD-Ara C treatment in leukemia patients].
Experience with HD-Ara C in combination with AMSA was gained in 13 patients suffering from ANLL in various stages of their disease. They are incorporated in 3 large co-operative, mulicenter studies of the E.O.R.T.C. dealing with cyclic-alternating "maintenance", relapse patients and refractory ANLL.


Scent marking and the maintenance of dominant/subordinate status in male golden hamsters.
Since it is thought that flank marking communicates dominance status, experiments were designed to look at changes in aggression and flank marking behaviors in pairs of male hamsters with intact flank glands (Experiment One) or when one (Experiment Two) or both (Experiment Three) members of a pair had their flank glands surgically removed. In Experiment One the dominant members of twelve pairs of hamsters had a mean daily frequency of flank marks that was over two-fold greater than their subordinate partners, F(1,11) = 17.59, p less than 0.001. Over the course of five consecutive daily tests there was a significant decrease in the aggression index of both the dominant, t(44) = 4.49, p less than 0.01, and subordinate, t(44) = 3.33, p less than 0.01, hamsters. Accompanying the decrease in aggression was a significant increase in the flank marking of both dominant, t(44) = 7.8, p less than 0.01, and subordinate, t(44) = 3.59, p less than 0.01, hamsters. In Experiment Two, six out of eleven flank glandectomized hamsters were dominant over their sham operated partners while the remaining five were subordinate. Unlike Experiment One there was no significant difference in the flank marking between dominant and subordinate hamsters, in fact, in seven pairs the subordinate hamsters flank marked more than their dominant partners. In Experiment Three both hamsters had their flank glands removed, and as in Experiment Two, there was no significant difference in flank marking between dominant and subordinate hamsters, neither was there any significant change in their aggression and flank marking behaviors over the course of the five test periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


The saturation effect of 25(OH)D level on sleep duration for older people:The NHANES 2011-2018.
This study aimed to investigate the potential relationship between vitamin D and sleep duration in older adults. The study utilized multivariate linear regression models to estimate the associations between serum 25(OH)D and sleep duration. In addition, a smooth curve fitting approach was used to identify any non-linear trends between the two variables. The study included 15,749 participants over the age of 60. The results showed a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and sleep duration in the fully-adjusted model. This correlation was observed in both males and females, as well as in non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black participants. No significant interactions were found between serum 25(OH)D levels and the stratifying variables. The curve fitting analysis revealed a non-linear relationship between 25(OH)D and sleep duration, with a saturation point observed at a serum 25(OH)D level of 40.6 ng/mL. In conclusion, the findings suggest that there is a positive correlation between serum 25(OH)D levels and sleep duration, with a saturation effect observed. A positive correlation is evident when serum 25(OH)D falls below 40.6 ng/mL.


Early transient suppression of c-myb mRNA levels and induction of differentiation in Friend erythroleukemia cells by the [Ca2+]i-increasing agents cyclopiazonic acid and thapsigargin.
Cyclopiazonic acid and thapsigargin, inhibitors of the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump were shown to elevate [Ca2+]i in Friend erythroleukemia cells, line F4-6, at concentrations of 1-5 microM and 0.5-2 nM, respectively. At the same concentrations, these agents induced a strong suppression of c-myb mRNA levels within 3 h, whereas c-myc expression remained unaffected. The c-myb expression recovered and approached pretreatment levels at 9-12 h of incubation. The decrease in c-myb mRNA was prevented in Ca(2+)-free medium. Treatment of F4-6 cells with EGTA led to a transient increase in c-myb mRNA with the same kinetics as the Ca2+ pump inhibitor-induced suppression, indicating that c-myb expression is bidirectionally regulated by changes in [Ca2+]i. Studies on the differentiation status of F4-6 cells following cyclopiazonic acid or thapsigargin exposure demonstrated a marked increase in beta-globin mRNA synthesis at 60h and in hemoglobin production at 96 h. These results provide further evidence that a rise in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration is capable, in Friend erythroleukemia cells, of inducing an early transient suppression of c-myb mRNA levels, which is followed by terminal erythroid differentiation.


Effects of recombinant leukocyte interferon (rIFN-alpha A) on tumour growth and immune responses in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Studies were initiated to assess the response of patients with disseminated melanoma to recombinant alpha interferon (rIFN-alpha A) and to monitor effects of rIFN-alpha A on several tests of immune function. Twenty patients were treated with rIFN-alpha A given by i.m. injection in escalating doses from 15 to 50 X 10(6) um-2. The responses of two patients were considered unevaluable. Of the remainder there was complete remission of tumour in two and stable disease in two. Subsequent progression of tumour in one of the latter patients coincided with development of antibodies to IFN. Side effects (usually fatigue) were dose rate limiting in 11 patients. Laboratory tests on samples taken 6 hours after rIFN-alpha A indicated a marked lymphopenia and a reduction in natural killer (NK) cell activity particularly against K562 target cells. Longer term changes measured in samples taken 2 days after the previous rIFN-alpha A injections consisted of neutropenia and an increase in the T4/T8 ratio due mainly to a relative increase in OKT4 positive T cells compared to OKT8 positive T cells. NK activity against the K562 target cell increased in most patients during the first week of treatment and then returned to below or near pretreatment levels thereafter against the K562 target cell. This contrasted with NK activity against the melanoma target cell which showed a more gradual increase over the duration of the treatment in 6 patients. The latter correlated with an increase in mitogen stimulated IL 2 production from their blood lymphocytes and may indicate that the cytotoxic activity resulted from lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells. These results confirm the activity of rIFN-alpha A against melanoma in certain patients. They suggest that further studies are needed to select patients who may respond to rIFN-alpha A and to optimize treatment regimens. Tests of IL 2 production and LAK activity may assisted in achieving these objectives.


Electrocardiographic changes during and after isoflurane-induced hypotension for neurovascular surgery.
We evaluated the effects of isoflurane anaesthesia and induced hypotension in 33 neurosurgical patients by electrocardiographic monitoring and serial cardiac enzyme measurements. An electrocardiogram (ECG) and serum enzymes were obtained preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively in the recovery room and for three consecutive days. ECG leads II, V1 and V5 were monitored continuously during anaesthesia. Patients who had had a subarachnoid haemorrhage and a high incidence of abnormal preoperative ECG (42 per cent). Ten patients developed ECG changes intraoperatively, but these changes were unrelated to isoflurane-induced hypotension. Fifty-three per cent of patients developed an abnormal postoperative ECG. These abnormalities consisted mostly of nonspecific ST segment or T wave changes. At no time was there an elevation in cardiac enzyme activity. We found that nonspecific ECG changes are relatively common in patients undergoing vascular neurosurgical procedures. There was no enzymatic evidence of myocardial infarction and we can only speculate that these ECG changes are related to intracranial surgical manipulation.


A prospective randomized trial of percutaneous marrow injection in a series of closed fresh tibial fractures.
We performed a prospective, randomized study on 40 patients with fresh closed fractures of the tibial shaft to determine the effect of autologous bone marrow injection on the union rate. Forty patients were randomized to two injections with 15 ml of autologous bone marrow injections at the fracture site and casting or conventional casting. Fracture union measured by absence of localized tenderness and mobility and bridging of three out of four cortices at the fracture site on plain roentgenograms was assessed at 3, 4, and 5 months of treatment. All fractures receiving bone marrow injections united in 3.65+/-0.49 months; 19/20 fractures treated conventionally united in 4.31+/-0.48 months ( p=0.0004). Other possible determinants of union, complication rates, and cost incurred in the treatment were similar in the two groups.


Bony morphology of the knee and non-traumatic meniscal tears: is there a role for meniscal impingement?
Meniscal tears are an important cause of morbidity. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between non-traumatic meniscal tears and the intrinsic bony morphology of the knee. A retrospective analysis of 160 knee MRI scans in 150 patients was carried out who met the following criteria: (a) age between 20 and 45 years, (b) no history of knee trauma, surgery, infection, metabolic bone disease, and (c) no collateral or cruciate ligamentous injury. The medial tibial slope (MTS), lateral tibial slope (LTS), medial tibial plateau depth (MTPD), and medial and lateral femoral condylar offset ratios were calculated. The anterior horn, body, and posterior horn of the menisci were graded as 0 (no tear), 1 and 2 (degenerative changes), or 3 (definitive tear). One-way ANOVA and linear regression was used for statistical analysis. In patients with grade 3 tears of the posterior horn of the medial meniscus, there was a significant association with shallower MTS (p < 0.05), smaller medial femoral offset ratio (p < 0.05) and smaller lateral femoral offset ratio (p < 0.05). Patients with grade 3 tears of anterior horn of the lateral meniscus had a significant association with shallower LTS (p < 0.05). No significant association was seen between MTPD and meniscal tears. Our results suggest an association between bony morphology of the knee and non-traumatic meniscal tears. Shallower MTS and LTS may result in impingement of posterior horn of medial meniscus and anterior horn of lateral meniscus, respectively. Future kinematic studies will be needed to help confirm our findings.


Promising effect of rapamycin on multiple sclerosis.
The routine therapies for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) are common disease-modifying medications, yet are not effective in all patients. The aim of the present clinical trial was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of rapamycin on the clinical and radiological aspects, regulatory T cells proliferation and FOXP3 and GARP gene expression in the patients with RRMS. In this study, eight patients with RRMS were chosen and included in the trial. Patients received rapamycin (Rapacan, Biocon, India) for six months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the patients' brain was taken before and after the therapy. Patients' expanded disability status scale (EDSS), and FoxP3 and GARP gene expression, and Treg cell proliferation were also been evaluated. All the patients had some degrees of significant reduction in mean plaque area size (P = 0.012, Z = -2.520), and minimum and maximum size of the plaques (P = 0.012, Z = -2.521). EDSS of 50% of patients was decreased after the treatment, yet it was not significant (P = 0.059, Z = -1.89). The expression rate of FOXP3 (P = 0.003) and GARP genes in Tregs increased after the therapy. We found a promising response to rapamycin among our cases with minor side effects and it may be considered as a therapeutic option of this disease.


DNAJB1-PRKACA-positive metastatic fibrolamellar carcinoma with unknown primary in a pediatric patient.
Fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC) is a rare variant of hepatocellular carcinoma, occurring in children and young adults without underlying liver disease. The diagnosis is based on morphological characteristics of the tumor, supplemented by immunohistochemistry and/or genetic testing. Recently, the presence of a characteristic DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion gene has been associated with FLC. Herein, we report a case of FLC presenting as peritoneal carcinomatosis in a 14-year-old female. Interestingly, no liver tumor was seen on imaging, and an alternative possibility is that the tumor arose outside the liver as a hepatoid carcinoma with fibrolamellar features.


Direct brain interventions to "treat" disfavored human behaviors: ethical and social issues.
As neuroscience learns more about the causes of human behaviors, it will give us new ways to change those behaviors. When behaviors are caused by "brain diseases," effective actions that intervene directly in the brain will be readily accepted, but what about direct brain interventions that treat brain-based causes of socially disfavored behaviors that are not generally viewed as diseases?


Ego deficiencies in the areas of pleasure, intimacy, and cooperation: guidelines in the diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunctions.
Psychopathology, in the form of a deficiency in the ego functions of pleasure, intimacy, or cooperation, is usually associated with sexual dysfunctions that prove refractory to sex therapy techniques alone. Each of these deficiencies forms a distinct clinical syndrome with specific treatment requirements, necessitating further diagnostic subcategorization of sexual disorders.


The subtle cavus foot and association with ankle instability and lateral foot overload.
The subtle cavus foot alignment is associated with many injuries occurring in the athletic population, most commonly ankle instability and lateral foot overload. Although correction of the primary injury may address the manifestations of the subtle cavus foot, it does not change the alignment. Without recognition of this alignment, the injury likely will recur. The goal is to recognize the posture of the subtle cavus, treat the cavus and the injury, and prevent future recurrence.


Phylogeny of 16S rRNA and nifH genes and regulation of nitrogenase activity by oxygen and ammonium in the genus Paenibacillus.
All Paenibacillus 16S rDNA sequences, except for that of Paenibacillus massiliensis T7, formed a coherent cluster, distinct from Gram-positive nitrogen-fixing Clostridium pasteurianum and Heliobacterium chlorum. All Paenibacillus NifH sequences formed two main clusters. Cluster I encompassing the NifH sequences from most of members of Paenibacillus spp., such as Paenibacillus azotofixans NifH1 and NifH2, Paenibacillus polymyxa and Paenibacillus macerans. Cluster II including only P. azotofixans NifH3. Curiously, three copies of nifH genes of Paenibacillus sabine T27 clustered within P. azotofixans cluster I (NifH1 and NifH2). The effect of O2 and ammonium on nitrogenase activity was studied with 14 different nitrogen-fixing Paenibacillus strains. The optimal oxygen concentration level for all Paenibacillus strains is in the 0 to 0.05% range, similar to that for Klebsiella pneumoniae. In all Paenibacillus strains, the highest nitrogenase activity is obtained in the condition of 0-0.1 mM NH4Cl and the increase of NH4CI from 0.1 to 5 mM caused a rapid inhibition of nitrogenase activity. However, the inhibition was reversible in the presence of 200 mM NH4Cl in some Paenibacillus strains. It is the first time to use almost all of the recognized nitrogen-fixing Paenibacilus spp. to investigate the phylogeny of 16S rRNA and nifH genes. The data that the inhibition of O2 and ammonium on nitrogenase acitivity will provide a base for studying the molecular regulatory mechanism of nitrogen fixation in the genus Paenibacillus.


Clinicopathological features of radiological early malignant pleural mesothelioma with no apparent tumor or pleural thickening.
We occasionally encounter malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) of no apparent tumor or pleural thickening that is radiological early MPM. This study aimed to examine the clinicopathological outcomes of radiological early MPM. Patients with MPM treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and planned surgery at the time of diagnosis between July 2004 and December 2019 were retrospectively examined. Pretreatment maximal pleural thickness of all patients was measured on chest computed tomography. We extracted and investigated the patients who exhibited a lack of pleural thickening or visible tumor, which was defined as radiological early MPM. Survival was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Of 296treated patients, 16 (5.4%) exhibited radiological early MPM. Fourteen (87.5%) of these patients underwent pleurectomy/decortication and 2 (12.5%) underwent extrapleural pneumonectomy. Pathological stage T1 disease was diagnosed in 14 (87.5%) patients; 2 (12.5%) exhibited pulmonary parenchymal invasion (pathological stage T2). Lymphatic invasion was detected in only 1 patient. Lymph node metastases and vascular invasion were not detected. Median follow-up was 42 months. Median progression-free survival and median overall survival were 40.7 and 56.1 months, respectively. The 3-year progression-free survival and overall survival rates were 84.8% and 83.6%, respectively. Radiological early MPM occurs in approximately 1 of every 20 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery planned at the time of diagnosis in an experienced center. Radiological early MPM was associated with early pathological stage and long-term survival.


Two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins: a simple procedure for casting of narrow-bore, first dimension (isoelectric focusing) polyacrylamide tube gels.
A convenient and rapid method for casting of narrow-bore (1.5-2.5 mm, i.d.) first dimension isoelectric focusing gel tubes is described. The procedure utilizes a peristaltic pump and a 2-inch, 23 gauge blunt needle for dispensing the gel into fixed tubes on a 1.1 degree incline. The method is simple to perform, precludes the formation of air bubbles and little or no manual dexterity is required.


Induction of trimeric [Mg3(OH)(CO2)6] in a porous framework by a desymmetrized tritopic ligand.
The use of a desymmetrized tritopic ligand with both carboxyl and pyridyl functionalities leads to the first occurrence of the [Mg(3)(μ(3)-OH)(CO(2))(6)] trimer as the 3-D framework building block in a porous crystal that shows relatively high H(2) uptake (1.37% at 77 K and 1 atm).


Sonography-guided recording for superficial peroneal sensory nerve conduction study.
We sought to establish the optimal recording position for antidromic conduction of the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) by using ultrasonography (USG). The sensory nerve action potentials (SNAPs) of the intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (IDCN) and medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (MDCN) in 64 limbs of 32 healthy participants were recorded (nerve conduction study [NCS]-1). Both nerves were identified by using USG, and the SNAPs were obtained from the USG-guided repositioned electrodes (NCS-2). The IDCN and MDCN were located at 29.3% ± 5.1% and 43.9% ± 4.9% of the intermalleolar distance from the lateral malleolus, respectively. Significantly greater amplitude was shown for SNAPs of both nerves in NCS-2 versus NCS-1. The optimal recording position is likely to be lateral, one-third from the lateral malleolus for the IDCN, and just lateral to the midpoint of the intermalleolar line for the MDCN. When the SPN response is unexpectedly attenuated, USG-guided repositioning of the electrodes should be considered. Muscle Nerve 57: 628-633, 2018.


Type 3 deiodinase in hypoxia: to cool or to kill?
Type 3 deiodinase (D3) inactivates thyroid hormones. Simonides et al. (2008) now report that hypoxia-induced D3 activation leads to reduction of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) and oxygen consumption, suggesting that D3 activation is a component of cellular responses to hypoxia and supporting the idea of cell-specific regulation of thyroid hormone levels by deiodinases.


The first experimental research on the pathogenicity of Arcobacter butzleri in zebrafish.
This experimental study was conducted to investigate the pathogenicity and histopathology of Arcobacter butzleri in zebrafish model organism. Firstly, mean infective dose (ID50) of A. butzleri was calculated in zebrafish as 1.3×10(8)CFU/mL and 1×10(5)CFU/mL by immersion and intraperitoneal injection, respectively. For histopathological trials, the ID50 of A. butzleri were given to zebrafish by both immersion and intraperitoneal routes and then, clinical and pathological findings were evaluated on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 21 of the experiment. During the experimental period, no clinical signs or gross lesions of disease were observed in the zebrafish groups infected with the ID50 of A. butzleri by either method. In the histopathological examination, acute inflammation characterized by neutrophil and plasma cells and local necrosis or congestion were determined in liver, kidney, spleen, gaster and other visceral organs. In addition peritonitis, leukocyte infiltration, villous atrophy and septicemia were observed in the experimental groups. Neither gross nor microscopic lesions were detected in the control groups. This study presented the first report of experimental A. butzleri infection in wild zebrafish. In the light of the findings obtained here, it was concluded that zebrafish could be used as a model organism to investigate pathogenicity and histopathology of arcobacters.


The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on eating disorders: A systematic review.
A growing body of evidence suggests that individuals with eating disorders (EDs) have experienced deteriorating symptoms, increased isolation, and an increase in hospital admissions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, no systematic reviews have been conducted examining the COVID-19 and ED peer-reviewed literature. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to synthesize the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with EDs. Database searches of the peer-reviewed literature were completed in the subsequent databases: CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO (from November 2019 to October 20, 2021). All research reporting on the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic on individuals with EDs were included. Fifty-three studies met the inclusion criteria, including 36,485 individuals with EDs. The pooled hospital admissions across the studies demonstrated on average a 48% (pre = 591, post = 876, n = 10 studies) increase in admissions during the pandemic compared to previous pre-pandemic timepoints. In this review, 36% of studies (n = 19) documented increases in eating disorder symptoms during the pandemic, this increase in eating disorder symptoms were documented in AN, BED, BN, and OFSED patients. Studies also demonstrated increases in anxiety (n = 9) and depression (n = 8), however patterns of change appeared to be diagnostic and timing specific (e.g., lockdowns). We found a large increase in the number of hospitalizations and an increase in ED symptoms, anxiety, depression, and changes to BMI in ED patients during the pandemic. However, these changes appeared to be diagnostic and timing specific. Many qualitative studies described deterioration in ED symptomatology due to decreased access to care and treatment, changes to routine and loss of structure, negative influence of the media, and social isolation. Future studies are needed to focus on pediatric populations, new ED diagnoses, and severity of illness at presentation. The scientific literature suggests that individuals with eating disorders have experienced deteriorating symptoms, increased isolation, and an increase in hospital admissions as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study synthesized 53 articles and explored the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with eating disorders. We found increases in eating disorder symptoms during the pandemic; this increase in eating disorder symptoms was documented in patients with common eating disorders including anorexia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and other specified feeding and eating disorders. This review also demonstrated changes in body mass index (an index used to classify underweight, overweight, and obesity in adults) and increases in anxiety and depression during the pandemic compared to previous timepoints; patterns of change appeared to be related to timing of lockdowns. This review provides important information on the impact of COVID-19 on the physical and mental health of individuals with eating disorders.


Dataset on aerosol loading, size and statistics over Nzerekore.
Inadequate ground measuring equipment is becoming a global challenge. Most communities in West Africa rely only on satellite measurements. However, the volume of missing dataset in satellite measure over coastal communities is alarming. In this research, fifteen years primary (aerosol optical depth) dataset was obtained from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR). The dataset presented in this research will serve as a research background for scientists working on the research site.


A holistic assessment of the use of emerging recycled concrete aggregates after a destructive earthquake: Mechanical, economic and environmental.
This study aims to examine the mechanical, environmental, and economic properties of recycled aggregate concretes produced using emerged recycled concrete aggregates from the buildings that were demolished in a controlled way after the 24 January 2020, Elazig-Sivrice earthquake. For this purpose, 24 series of recycled aggregate concretes were produced, water-to-cement ratios of 0.30-0.35-0.40-0.45-0.50, and cement dosages were chosen as 320-370-420 kg/m3. 100% recycled concrete aggregate was used in the prepared concrete mixtures. Analyses were made on the response surface method using the mixture ratios and test results of 24 series. The effectiveness of the developed models was examined on 6 Control recycled aggregate concrete. Then, Energy Consumption, Global Warming Potential, Waste Generation, and Abiotic Depletion were considered to assess the environmental impacts of recycled aggregate concretes. In order to make environmental and economic comparisons of recycled aggregate concretes and natural aggregate concretes according to these impact categories, 4 different scenarios were developed. Then, a detailed feasibility analysis was made for 4 different scenarios, and the economic results of recycled aggregate concretes and natural aggregate concretes were evaluated. Regarding the arisen millions of tons of waste materials and newly constructed buildings after the earthquake, recycling waste materials is considered crucial. Therefore, a holistic assessment was taken with this study, and the usability of recycled concrete aggregates was examined in detail.


Impedance spectroscopy--an outstanding method for label-free and real-time discrimination between brain and tumor tissue in vivo.
Until today, brain tumors especially glioblastoma are difficult to treat and therefore, results in a poor survival rate of 0-14% over five years. To overcome this problem, the development of novel therapeutics as well as optimization of neurosurgical procedures to remove the tumor tissue are subject of intensive research. The main problem of the tumor excision, as the primary clinical intervention is the diffuse infiltration of the tumor cells in unaltered brain tissue that complicates the complete removal of residual tumor cells. In this context, we are developing novel approaches for the label-free discrimination between tumor tissue and unaltered brain tissue in real-time during the surgical process. Using our impedance spectroscopy-based measurement system in combination with flexible microelectrode arrays we could successfully demonstrate the discrimination between a C6-glioma and unaltered brain tissue in an in vivo rat model. The analysis of the impedance spectra revealed specific impedance spectrum shape characteristics of physiologic neuronal tissue in the frequency range of 10-500 kHz that were significantly different from the tumor tissue. Moreover, we used an adapted equivalent circuit model to get a deeper understanding for the nature of the observed effects. The impedimetric label-free and real-time discrimination of tumor from unaltered brain tissue offers the possibility for the implementation in surgical instruments to support surgeons to decide, which tissue areas should be removed and which should be remained.


[Cytophotometric evaluation of the transition of cells from the G0 phase to the G1 phase of the cell cycle].
Feulgen stained nuclei of PHA-stimulated human blood lymphocytes were used for cytophotometric chromatin pattern analysis. Similar distributions of low optical density values indicating the predominance of diffuse chromatin were obtained for G1, S and G2 cells. Condensed chromatin was predominant in G0 and M nuclei. Integral versus average optical densities scatter plots analyses permitted one to distinguish cells undergoing different phases of cell cycle including G0 and G1.


Self-fertilization sweeps up variation in the worm genome.
A new study reports a comprehensive survey of genetic diversity in natural populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Their analyses suggest that recent chromosome-scale selective sweeps have reduced C. elegans genetic diversity worldwide and strongly structured genetic variation across its genome.


Cytomorphology of male breast lesions: diagnostic pitfalls and clinical implications.
Because lesions of the male breast have been exceeded in number by those of the female breast, marginal attention was given to these lesions in the past. Fortunately, this has changed over the years leading to an increased awareness about male breast cancer. Although male breast cancer constitutes only about 1% of all diagnosed breast cancer cases, an increased mortality is seen in this patient population. This is probably caused by late diagnosis as a consequence of low level of concern about breast cancer among male patients. However, the vast majority of lesions of the male breast are benign, gynecomastia being the number one cause of unilateral or bilateral breast mass. Since it is important to avoid unnecessary surgical treatment without missing malignancy, accurate diagnostic tools are necessary in order to triage these patients. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy has demonstrated excellent accuracy in the diagnosis and management of breast lesions in female patients. In addition, several authors have proven the value of this technique in the evaluation of lesions of the male breast. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy permits accurate diagnosis in many lesions arising in the male breast. It also allows gathering cytological material that can be used for ancillary studies which enhances the diagnostic value of this technique.


A Case Report of Metachronous Multiple Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Colon Over-expressing PD-L1 and a Literature Review.
Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer in both men and women, and one of the more widely recognized preventable cancers. Adenosquamous carcinoma (ASC) of the colon/rectum is an uncommon disease that consists of both glandular and squamous components, and the most common site of ACS is the right and transverse colon. Here, we present the case of a 78-year-old woman, who complained of abdominal pain. Colonoscopy revealed a circumscribed tumor in the ascending colon, and no specific lesion was detected in the other areas of the colon or rectum. ASC (pT3N0M0) was diagnosed from right hemicolectomy specimens. Three months after the first surgery, the serum levels of tumor markers had gradually increased, and a new tumor was subsequently detected in the sigmoid colon 2 months later. The sigmoid lesion was surgically resected and diagnosed as ASC (pT3N3M0). Strong PD-L1 expression was also found in the squamous component. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a recurrent sigmoid colon ASC that likely originated from the ascending colon, and PD-L1/PD-1 signaling was likely involved in the immune escape mechanism.


A high-performance TPGDA/PETEA composite gel polymer electrolyte for lithium metal batteries.
A gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) supported by a polyimide (PI) nanofiber membrane with Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO) nanoparticles (PI/LLZTO/GPE) shows excellent flexibility and electrochemical properties, the ionic conductivity is 1.87 mS cm-1 and the Li+ transfer number is 0.64 at room temperature. The assembled Li metal battery with a LiFePO4 (LFP) cathode retains a 56.4 mA h g-1 discharge capacity at 10C.


Tetrahydronorharmane (tetrahydro-beta-carboline), a physiologically occurring compound of indole metabolism.
In the present paper a sensitive method is described to measure tetrahydronorharmane (THN) in the urine of man and rats as well as in the forebrain of rats. The compound is extracted into diethyl ether, separated by thin layer chromatography (TLC), acetylated with radiolabelled acetic anhydride and further isolated by two-dimensional TLC development. The existence of THN in urine of man was proven by using chromatography with different solvent systems, cocristallisation, isotope dilution technique as well as mass-spectrometry. The amount of THN in the urine varied over a wide range. With the same method it was demonstrated that THN occurs also in the forebrain of rats. The concentration increases after loading with tryptamine. The findings are discussed in view of the hypothesis that THN acts as a compound modulating neuronal mechanism.


[Brain stem auditory evoked potentials. Risk of error in infants under 6 months].
Auditory tests employing brain stem evoked potentials may reveal deafness with a normal tympanogram in very young infants which improves after several months. A possible etiological factor is persistence in the middle ear of partial mesenchymatous remnants which have already freed the drum but persist in certain regions of the tympanic cavity.


Prognostic value of p16 expression and alcohol consumption in Japanese patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
The prevalence and prognostic value of human papillomavirus-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) in Japan has not been evaluated. Over a 12-year period, the authors used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the expression of p16 (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and tumor suppressor) in samples from 173 patients with OPSCC at a single institution and to determine its prevalence and influence on disease prognosis. The prevalence of p16-positive OPSCC was 33.7% in tonsillar carcinoma, 28.6% in tongue base carcinoma, 0% in posterior wall carcinoma, and 18.8% in soft palate carcinoma. The prevalence of p16-positive OPSCC tumors increased from 15.2% during 2000 to 2003 up to 33.3% during 2008 to 2011; during the same periods, among nonsmokers, the prevalence of p16-positive OPSCC tumors increased from 21.2% to 27.8%; and, among nondrinkers, prevalence increased from 6.1% to 25%. Multivariate analysis identified p16 expression and alcohol consumption as significant, independent prognostic markers of OPSCC. The current results suggest that the incidence of human papillomavirus-related OPSCC in Japan is increasing and indicate that p16 expression and alcohol consumption may be significant prognostic markers of survival for patients with OPSCC in Japan.