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Corruption, Types of Corruption and Firm Financial Performance: New Evidence from a Transitional Economy
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Using a nationwide survey of provincial institutional quality and a sample of private manufacturing small and medium scale enterprises (the SMEs), this paper contributes to the literature by considering for the first time the effects of corruption on the financial performance of Vietnamese private SMEs. Interestingly, contrary to previous findings, we find that corruption when measured by a dummy variable, does not affect firms' financial performance after controlling for heterogeneity, simultaneity and dynamic endogeneity. However, the intensity of bribery and the majority of the forms of corruption were found to have negative impacts on firms' financial performance. Hence, a typical approach using only a dummy variable for bribery might not adequately evaluate the impact of bribe intensity or even ignores the negative impacts of some types of bribes on firms' financial performance. The findings suggest that anti-corruption measures are vital for the development of the Vietnamese private SMEs.
KeywordsCorruption Financial performance SMEs Institutional quality Vietnam
The authors thank editors and referees for their helpful comments and the research is funded by Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU) under project number QG.15.40.
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As defined by the American Nurses Credentialing Center's (ANCC) Commission on Accreditation, continuing nursing education "builds upon the educational and experiential bases of the Registered Nurse for the enhancement of practice, education, administration, research, or theory development, to the end of improving the health of the public."
The purpose of continuing education is to ensure that nurses stay abreast of current industry practices, enhance their professional competence, learn about new technology and treatment regimens, and update their clinical skills. According to the Texas Board of Nursing (BON), continuing nursing education included "programs beyond basic nursing preparation which are designed to promote and enrich knowledge, improve skills and develop attitudes for the enhancement of nursing practice, thus improving health care to the public."
Registered nurses in the State of Texas are required to acquire 20 contact hours (not CEUs) every two years for relicensure. The acquisition of the contact hours must coincide with the nurse's license renewal. Contact hours are based on the 60-minute hour.
Activities NOT acceptable as continuing nursing education (CNE) are in-service education or those activities intended to assist the nurse in fulfilling the assigned responsibilities specific to the expectations of their employer. Also, on-the-job training, remedial and self-improvement type programs and orientation are NOT accepted for CNE contact hours for re-licensure in the State of Texas. Additionally, refresher courses and economic courses for financial gain are NOT acceptable for CNE.
For more information on what the Texas Board of Nursing (BON) defines as "unacceptable" CNE for re-licensure, visit www.bon.state.tx.us/nursingeducation/ceu.html.
Providers of continuing nursing education (CNE) can be individuals or organizations that present education activities that meet the definition of and criteria for CNE for the State of Texas. Texas Nurses Association is an accredited approver of CNE through the accreditation process of the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). Whether or not an individual activity or an organization/individual is recognized through TNA as an Approved Provider is determined by processes defined by the ANCC.
Approval of an individual activity requires the submission of an application that goes through the review process and is then approved to award contact hours. Applications are submitted 45 or 60 days prior to the date of the first presentation.
Approved Provider status requires that a minimum of three (3) individual activities have been planned and presented within the preceding 12 months prior to submission of an application for Approved Provider status. The three (3) activities must meet the criteria established by the ANCC/TNA. Applications for Approved Provider status must be received by the 15th of January or the 15th of July during a calendar year.
Eligibility Requirements: Based on the ANCC "2015 ANCC Primary Accreditation Approver Application Manual" (2015), the following criteria continue in effect:
Approved Provider Units: The following two (2) types of organizations are ineligible for approval as an Approved Provider:
Individual Activity Applicants: A commercial interest as defined above is not eligible to submit an individual activity application to TNA. However, a multi-regional provider may submit an individual activity for approval.
If you have questions regarding your eligibility status, please contact the TNA CNE Department
Approval of an activity requires submission of three (3) single-sided, hard copies of the appropriate application form with the appropriate review fee at least 45 days in advance of the desired date of first presentation of the activity. When the application is received, several items are considered before it is sent out for review:
If the application meets these criteria, it is then sent out for review. The original is kept in the TNA Office. The two (2) additional copies are sent out to the assigned two (2) member Nurse Peer Review team.
The two (2) member Nurse Peer Review team reviews the activity application. They are reviewing to ensure that the activity meets ANCC/TNA criteria and standards; good, sound educational design principles; and the definition and criteria the BON has established for continuing nursing education. Once the Nurse Peer Reviewers have come to consensus regarding the application, one of the Nurse Peer Reviewers will emerge as a lead reviewer for that application and will contact the identified Nurse Planner for the activity regarding any revisions that need to be made to the application to ensure it meets the required 100% of criteria. After all the "i's" are dotted and the "t's" are crossed, the Nurse Peer Reviewer will notify the TNA CNE Department regarding approval of the activity. The TNA CNE Department will then issue the CNE Unique ID# for the activity.
Approved Provider Application
Fee schedule
If the Primary Nurse Planner and/or an appropriate designee attended the Approved Provider Workshop within the past 10 months, there is a $500 discount policy against the $2,600 or $3,600 effectively making the fee $2,100 or $3,100.
There will be a processing fee of $100 that is non-refundable should your application be withdrawn.
Review fees are non-refundable for all applicants unless they withdraw prior to review by the CNE Committee.
Please contact the TNA CNE Program Coordinator to establish the appropriate application fee.
Individual Activity Applications
Updated March 2016
Number of Hours
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39.1and over **
Review fees are non-refundable.
Upon receipt of Individual Activity application you will be invoiced by TNA.
TNA reserves the right to revise the fee structure when and as needed.
Every week, applications are sent for review to two (2) members of the TNA Continuing Nursing Education (CNE) Committee, the Nurse Peer Review team. They use a standardized assessment/evaluation tool to review the application to make sure the application meets the definition of and criteria for continuing nursing education in the State of Texas, sound educational design principles and ANCC/TNA criteria. Nurse Peer Reviewers are volunteers who currently work or have experience in continuing nursing education.
The Nurse Peer Review team may approve an activity outright, defer the application back to TNA, or deny approval of the application. Deferred applications must be corrected within 30 days or risk being denied.
Any further action requires submission of a new application with a new review fee. Applicants with denied applications who wish to re-apply must submit a new application with the appropriate review fee.
Each application and form was created in a Word application. This application allows anyone to change/integrate your own information where necessary. We suggest that you go through the forms and/or applications and put your organizational name in the appropriate locations, most of which are highlighted in yellow. In other words, make the forms your own and then download them to your system. To make things easier, choose a naming convention that incorporates the header date so you know if this is the most recent form.
Some of you may wish to change them to other applications and work with them. This is fine. We want you to be able to work and use the forms in the most comfortable format for you and your office.
We do ask that you NOT remove the header information that gives the date the form was created or change the formatting of the document(s). (i.e. you may not put the purpose statement in a different location, etc.) This helps us ensure that you are using a timely form for your work. You may add to the header if you wish but leave the original information alone.
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If you find that it is difficult to work with, contact the office at email@example.com or call 512452-0645 extension 139 and we will assist you through the process.
A presenter/author is a person with content expertise in the topic to be presented by virtue of education, experience, expertise, professional achievement, credentials, honors, awards, publications, etc. The presenter/author should be comfortable with the teaching methodologies they are using and should have some level of familiarity with the target audience.
The presenter/author is not required to be a Registered Nurse. However, portions of a presentation that address the role of a nurse, nursing practice or specific nursing implications or interventions related to the presented contact/topic do require a nurse (RN) presenter/author. Many qualified presenters can teach nurses, by only a nurse can teach nursing.
Both individual activity applications and the demographic section of the Approved Provider Application request the "organization name." The organization name is unique to the applicant.
Once an organization's name has been listed either on the individual activity's title page or in the demographics section of an Approved Provider Application that is – verbatim – the organization name that must be used consistently throughout the application. For Approved Providers, the organization name – verbatim – is part of their approval statement that is used in promotional materials and on the certificate of successful completion.
Once established, changes in the organizational name must be reported to the TNA CNE Program Manager so appropriate action(s) can be taken.
When a Registered Nurse attends a continuing nursing education (CNE) activity, the only tangible "thing" he or she walks away with is their certificate of successful completion. The certificate of successful completion contains a lot of information – the activity's provider; date of the activity; number of awarded contact hours – and the activity's title. The activity's title must reflect to entities outside of the activitiy's planning committee – like the Texas Board of Nursing or a certifying/re-certifying body like ANCC – that the activity truly was CNE.
When developing a title for a CNE activity:
Additionally, whatever you decide the title of the activity is, it must be used consistently – verbatim – throughout the application. From title page through the certificate of successful completion, the wording of the title, wherever it is used, must remain the same.
Over the past several years, we have seen an evolution in the healthcare industry from a focus on measuring quantity to measuring quality. Is what we are ding making a difference? We are seeing this trend in continuing nursing education (CNE) also. With the amount of time and money – and blood, sweat, and tears – that goes into developing, implementing, and evaluating a CNE activity and then attending said CNE activity – are we making a difference? Is professional continuing education improving professional practice and patient/client outcomes? As continuing professional education, in all sectors – nursing, medicine, and pharmacy – transitions to a focused emphasis on outcomes, it becomes imperative for the CNE activity Nurse Planner to be able to identify and measure outcomes and to be able to reflect those outcomes in a learning outcome statement.
There is no formula for writing a learning outcome statement. Writing a learning outcome statement requires an ability to analyze a problem in practice or an opportunity for improvement and then critically thinking the process through from the current state of nursing practice to the desired state of nursing practice. Developing a learning outcome statement is part of CNE activity development process.
A learning outcome statement should:
The learning outcome statement helps to keep the CNE activity on track to narrow or close the professional practice gap(s) it is addressing. The learning outcome in the statement may be assessed either in short or long term. And, depending on the complexity of your professional practice gap(s), there may be more than one learning outcome statement for the CNE activity.
As you critically think the process through to the learning outcome statement, consider the following:
A learning outcome statement is the product of a well thought out and purposeful process designed to set the foundation of an educational activity that will measurably improve nursing practice.
The American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) defines joint providing as the "planning, developing, and implementing of an educational activity by two or more organizations" (Approver Application Manual, 2015, p. 56).
Joint providing an education activity is an excellent opportunity for organizations to share both expertise and workload. However, it is imperative that TNA Approved Providers and individual activity applicants (CNE providers) understand the requirements for establishing joint providerships in order to adhere to ANCC/TNA criteria.
What is joint providing and how is it done? Here is some additional information.
When two or more organizations joint-provide an education activity and one of the organizations is a TNA Approved Provider Unit, the TNA Approved Provider Unit is responsible for ensuring adherence to all criteria as outlined in their Approved Provider "Operational Requirements Attestation" – "Joint Providing Activities for Continuing Nursing Education." The TNA Approved Provider Unit is termed the "provider" and the other organization(s) is termed the "joint-provider."
When two or more organizations enter into a joint provider relationship and all are TNA Approved Provider Units, one (1) organization is designated as the "provider" and is responsible for adhering to all criteria as outlined in their Approved Provider "Operational Requirements Attestation" – "Joint Providing Activities for Continuing Nursing Education." The other organization(s) assume the "joint provider" role.
When two or more organizations enter into a joint provided relationship under the auspices of an individual activity, the applying organization would be the "provider" and is responsible for adherence to the ANCC/TNA criteria as outlined in the "Individual Activity Guidelines and Criteria." The other organization(s) would be the joint provider(s).
The "provider" in a joint provider relationship is responsible for the following:
The "provider" is responsible for ensuring "Joint Provider Agreements" are completed with each joint providing organization and are filed appropriately. (Sample agreement forms can be found on the TNA website, http://texasnurses.site-ym.com/page/FormPage3.)
All documentation and communication, including promotional materials (flyers, brochures, save-the-date cards, websites etc.) must clearly demonstrate the provider/joint provider relationship. The name of the "provider" organization must be loud and proud on all communications related to the education activity.
"Provider Organization Name
In conjunction with
Joint-provider Organization Name
Proudly Presents ---"
When applying as a first-time applicant to become an Approved Provider, none of the three (3) individual activity applications may be joint provided. When re-applying for Approved Provider status, if your Approved Provider Unit has joint provided an activity within 12 months of your application date (January 15th or July 15th) at least one of your sample activities must be a joint provided activity.
When Continuing Nursing Education (CNE) and Continuing Medical Education (CME) work together:
According to US law, and "electronic signature" is "an electronic sound, symbol, or process, attached to or logically associated with a contact or other record and executed or adopted by a person with the intent to sign the record.". It is a fairly broad, generic term encompassing any electronic process used to signify an agreement to or approval of terms.
Electronic signatures can include a broad range of technologies and methodologies including but not limited to use of faxes, e-signatures, and encrypted digital signatures. Electronic signatures are a natural progression in the movement toward electronic documents.
A common concern with any form of electronic signature is its authenticity. How does one actually know who "signed" the document? The responsibility for ensuring that electronic signatures are valid and reliable rests with the activity's Nurse Planner.
Please consider the following when using electronic signatures:
An electronic signature is considered to be a legal signature with all that entails.
The bottom line answer to the question is "yes." However, the process for developing a CNE activity must be followed.
The role of the Nurse Planner remains pivotal in the assessing, planning, implementing, and evaluating of the education activity. The purpose of the following guidelines, adopted from the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), is to provide the Nurse Planner flexibility in incorporating previously developed content while adhering to ANCC/TNA criteria and guidelines.
The Nurse Planner and activity planning committee have:
Compliance with these guidelines by individual activity applicants will be monitored throughout the activity application's review process.
Nurse Planners and planning committees affiliated with TNA designated Approved Provider Units may not "approve" a previously developed activity and award contact hours without complying with these guidelines.
Approved Provider Units are reminded that they have guidelines addressing this issue – "Provide Not Approve Activities." Failure to comply with these guidelines could result in loss of Approved Provider status.
A poster is a communication tool that combines a visual display with a verbal presentation. Posters provide an opportunity to engage colleagues in conversation while displaying focused information on a specific topic. When you gather several posters together to be viewed at the same place and the same time, you have a poster session. Both ANCC and TNA allow the awarding of contact hours for poster sessions. The following must be addressed:
Calculating Contact Hours:
Poster Presenters:
Student Posters:
Awarding of Contact Hours:
Poster Development Guidelines:
Posters can be used to disseminate information on current trends in research, best practice, leadership, and education. They are excellent conversation starters. And, with some advanced planning and consistent criteria, a source of contact hours.
The process to become an "Approved Provider" of continuing nursing education (CNE) takes at least six (6) months to complete.
An Approved Provider is an individual, institution, organization or agency that has an established process for assessing an educational need, and then planning, implementing, and evaluating continuing nursing education activities. First time applicants must have an operational CNE provider unit for at least six (6) months prior to submitting an Approved Provider Application. The six (6) month time frame is measured by the date on the first TNA activity application approval letter.
First time Approved Provider applicants must have planned, implemented, and evaluated at least three (3) different continuing nursing education activities which are at least 1.0 contact hours and were approved by TNA during the 12 months prior to submitting the Approved Provider Application. Submitting three (3) sessions from the same conference is not permitted. None of these three (3) activities may be joint provided.
Applicants must also meet certain eligibility requirements. In order to apply, applicants may not be a commercial interest or a multi-regional provider.
Commercial Interests: A commercial interest is any entity producing, marketing, reselling, or distributing healthcare goods or services consumed by, or used on, patients or is owned or controlled by an entity producing, marketing, reselling or distributing healthcare goods or services consumed by, or used on patients.
Multi-Regional Providers: An organization that targeted/marketed greater than 50% of their education activities provided during the previous calendar year to Registered Nurses in multiple regions based on the US Department of Health and Human Services (DHSS) regional map. TNA falls within region 6.
Additionally, prior to starting the journey to become an Approved Provider, the first time applicant may want to complete an organizational self-assessment to evaluate the organization's readiness to meet Approved Provider criteria and to identify potential gaps. T:\CNE Education\Website Forms and material\2014\2014B\Provider Application Only\OrgSelfAssessTool - Approved Provider Dec 2014.docx.
Approved Provider Applications are accepted twice a year – January 15th and July 15th. Therefore -
I. At least six (6) months prior to January 15th or July 15th , you must:
II. At least three (3) months prior to January 15th or July 15th:
III. By 5:00 p.m., on January 15th or July 15th:
IV. Within six (6) weeks after submission:
V. March for January submitted applications; September for July submitted applications:
VI. By the end of March or September:
Approved Provider status is awarded upon approval of an Approved Provider Application for three (3) years. An annual report and log of the previous year's activities is required every February 15th. Periodic audits of selected activities may be requested to ensure ongoing compliance with ANCC and TNA criteria.
In compliance with the 2015 American Nurses Credentialing Center's Commission on Accreditation (ANCC COA) guidelines and standards, Approved Provider applicants are required to address some elements of the Approved Provider Application through use of a narrative. A narrative is a clear and concise description of the element that should give the Nurse Peer Review team a clear picture of what the Approved Provider Unit does in relation to the criteria being addressed.
The Approved Provider applicant will be asked for a "process description" narrative and a "specific example" narrative.
Process Description: Describes the Approved Provider Unit's method for addressing the criteria.
Specific Example: Describes/illustrates how the criterion is operationalized/implemented within the Approved Provider Unit.
Tips for writing narrative responses:
The process description tells the story while the specific example describes the good work done by the Approved Provider Unit for Registered Nurses.
Joint providing and commercial support are very different from each other with different goals for the continuing nursing education (CNE) activity. Two (2) possible common threads are that they:
Are entities from outside of the CNE providing organization that will have an impact on the CNE activity, and
Can not use the CNE activity as a way to promote their products or services. Promotion and education must be kept separate.
As defined by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), joint providing (formerly "co-providing") is the "planning, developing, and implementing (of) an educational activity by two or more organizations" (Approver Application Manual, 2015, p. 56.) Joint providing an educational activity is an excellent opportunity for organizations to share both expertise and workload. However, it is imperative that the organizations coming together to plan, develop, and implement an education activity understand the requirements for establishing joint providerships in order to adhere to ANCC/TNA criteria. (See FAQ "What is Joint Providing and How is it Done?") Joint providing is a collaborative effort that focuses on the quality of the education activity.
Commercial support is a method that can be used to financially support your educational activity. Commercial support is defined as "financial or in-kind contributions . . . that are used to pay for all or part of the costs of a CNE activity" (Approver Application Manual, 2015, p. 54). The contributions are specifically earmarked for the provision of the CNE activity. Commercial support comes from the commercial interest – defined as "any entity producing, marketing, reselling, or distributing healthcare goods or services consumed by or used on patients, or an entity that is owned or controlled by an entity that produces, markets, resells, or distributes healthcare goods or services consumed by or used on patients (Approver Application Manual, 2015, p. 54). Financial support for the CNE activity is the sole purpose of commercial support. Commercial supporters may not have any input into the development of the CNE activity. They may not suggest topics, objectives, presenters, etc. They are simply there to provide financial or in-kind support.
Commercial support is handled as follows:
As defined by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC) – and thus, by the Texas Nurses Association (TNA) – a unique identifier is "something that is used to match an individual with a recordkeeping list for an individual educational activity." (Application Manual, 2011, p. 106)
A unique identifier can be used to distinguish between continuing nursing education (CNE) activity attendees with similar names or to verify that an attendee is who they say they are and did, indeed, attend the CNE activity.
Per ANCC, no part of the social security number can be used as a unique identifier. Per Texas, the Registered Nurse (RN) license number may not be used as a unique identifier. Examples of what can be used as a unique identifier are things like the attendee's birth month and day – not year as that has been determined to be discriminatory – or the attendee's employee ID number. However, if the CNE provider or Approved Provider Unit open their CNE activities to attendees outside of their organization, a unique identifier other than the employee ID number will need to be identified and used for those non-employees. The unique identifier needs to be easy to remember and something that won't change or be forgotten in the six (6) years CNE providers and Approved Provider Units are required to maintain the CNE Activity files. The unique identifier and its associated recordkeeping list should be kept with/in the CNE activity in a safe and secure manner.
The unique identifier is addressed in section N-1 of the CNE activity application/document. What is being used as the unique identifier needs to be reflected in Section N-1. How the unique identifier information is being collected needs to be reflected on whatever the CNE provider/Approved Provider Unit is using as a participation verification tool. The Accredited Provider – TNA – may audit CNE providers and Approved Provider Units for compliance with this criteria.
As continuing nursing education (CNE) providers and Approved Provider Units look for creative and innovative ways to provide CNE, the ability to award contact hours for "pre-work" and "blended education" has become imperative.
"Pre-work" is defined as self-directed activities that are done in preparation for attendance at a CNE activity. An example would be reading an article in preparation for a journal club.
"Blended education" is defined as combining both the elements of a Provider-Directed activity and a Learner-Paced activity into one (1) activity. An example would be completing online modules related to the topic (Learner-Paced) in preparation for a live, preceptor-monitored demonstration of a skill or process (Provider-Directed).
Pre-work can award contact hours independently through the development of a Learner-Paced activity application/document or by being included in the contact hour calculation of a Provider-Directed activity application/document. If included as part of a Provider-Directed activity application/document, the number of minutes to be included in the contact hour calculation for the pre-work must be determined either through a pilot study or a word count process. The minutes calculation – the actual math – should be reflected in section O-3 of the activity application/document.
Bottomline, contact hours must be determined in a logical, defensible, rationale manner. The process for calculating/determining contact hours must be clearly delineated in the activity application/document.
The 83rd session of the Texas Legislature produced some changes to the Texas Board of Nursing's (BON) rules and regulations, specifically rule 216 – "Continuing Competency." The changes now require both Registered Nurses (RN) and Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVN) to acquire – as appropriate – a minimum of 2.0 contact hours in nursing jurisprudence and ethics, geriatric care or older adult, and forensic evidence collection.
The purpose of this FAQ is to provide guidance to continuing nursing education (CNE) providers - be they Approved Provider Units or individual activity applicants - in the development of CNE activities that will meet the BON's requirements.
Nursing Jurisprudence and Ethics:
All Nurses are required to acquire information related to nursing jurisprudence and ethics prior to the end of every third licensure renewal cycle. In order to meet this requirement, the Nurse must complete at least 2.0 contact hours that cover the following content:
Geriatric Care or Older Adult:
All Nurses who provide nursing care to any patient or patients who are older adults are required to acquire information related to the older adult or geriatric care with every licensure renewal cycle. In order to meet this requirement, the Nurse must complete at least 2.0 contact hours that cover the following content:
Updated Forensic Evidence Collection:
All Nurses who perform a forensic examination on a sexual assault survivor in any practice setting must have basic forensic evidence collection training or its equivalent prior to performing said examination. This is a one-time requirement for Nurses who meet the criteria. In order to meet this requirement, the Nurse must complete at least 2.0 contact hours that cover the following content:
What does this mean for CNE Providers:
It is the Nurse's responsibility to make sure he/she meets all the mandatory requirements that pertain to him/her. However, CNE providers have responsibilities also. Nurses come to CNE activities in good faith that what is presented – and awards contact hours – meets both the BON's and the American Nurses Credentialing Center's (ANCC) requirements so that if audited, the certificate of successful completion that is awarded to the attendee will "fly below the radar of the Board of Nursing."
What that means for CNE providers is as follows:
As CNE providers, we need to be proactive in assisting the Nurses of Texas in meeting these CNE requirements.
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Formal charges have been filed against four students from the University of Central Arkansas who were allegedly involved in a home invasion and beating of another student in early October.
According to Cody Hiland, prosecuting attorney for the Twentieth Judicial District, James Holder, Jeffery Keith Bramlett, Tyler Nathan Slay and Jeremy Atkins have been charged with eight counts of various offenses, including: residential burglary, terroristic threatening, criminal mischief and battery.
An enhancement is listed under the felony information on the charges, which states that if the suspects are convicted of the crimes, "upon conviction, the classification and penalty range shall be increased by one classification" in pursuant to the Arkansas Code Annotated 5-74-108, which is engaging in violent criminal group activity.
Hiland said his office believes that the suspect's actions were more serious than just a simple prank and need to be handled as such.
"The alleged acts go far beyond any frat boy prank," he said. "We consider them to be criminal in nature and we will pursue it accordingly. Actions have consequences and in this case, the consequences result in the filing of criminal charges."
The charges stem from an incident that occurred Oct. 9, when the four suspects, who are members of the Sigma Tau Gamma fraternity, broke down the door to an off-campus residence of a member of the Sigma Phi Epsilon fraternity and assaulted him and his friend. As well as assaulting the two men, the suspects broke various items inside the home and also vandalized the victim's vehicle. A woman inside the residence told the officers she was not harmed but feared for her safety during the attack.
According to a police report from the incident, one of the victims stated that he believed that the home invasion was "retaliation from a fight that occurred between himself and a member of the Sigma Tau Gamma fraternity."
During that altercation, one of the victims from the home invasion hit a member of the Sigma Tau Gamma fraternity, but the victim in that incident is not one of the suspects in the home invasion.
Frank Shaw, who represents Holder and Slay said that tension has been growing between the two fraternities for some time.
"This has been going on for several years and it just slowly escalated," Shaw said. "Unfortunately, it has gotten to the point where these serious charges have been filed."
Jeff Pitchford, vice president of university and government relations at UCA, said Wednesday that disciplinary action regarding the fraternities or its members had not taken place.
"I spoke to Ronnie Williams, VP for student services, and we haven't seen police reports. We know warrants were issued today and once we get the reports we'll be able to evaluate the situation and look at our student handbook," Pitchford said. "We have to check with our rules and the processes we have in place to see what the next step would be for the university."
Pitchford said university police have not been involved in an investigation because incidents occurred off of the UCA campus.
"Because the prosecuting attorney felt like warrants were needed in this, we will be able to now get more information for ourselves to see what we'll do," Pitchford said.
When asked if violent acts have occurred in the past between fraternities at UCA, Pitchford said, "There have been incidents in the past, but they're getting few and far between. The message our greek services office has been sending out is that when this kind of stuff happens, we're going to take the appropriate action. If that means suspending fraternities, kicking them off campus, suspending students — we'll take whatever action needs to be taken."
The UCA student handbook states that student groups found to have committed physical harm to any persons are subject to disciplinary action 'in addition to any punishment imposed by the court...'.
When asked Wednesday if either fraternity had been suspended under the handbook's guideline which states that "groups involved in fairly serious policy violations are subject to immediate suspension of some or all activities while an investigation is being conducted," UCA's greek life office deferred questions to Pitchford.
(Candie Beck is a staff writer and can be reached at 505-1238 or at firstname.lastname@example.com. Staff writer Courtney Spradlin can be reached by e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com or by phone at 505-1236. To comment on this and other stories in the Log Cabin, log on to www.thecabin.net. Send us your news at www.thecabin.net/submit)


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The Seven Year Itch DVD|
When his family goes away for the summer, a so far faithful husband is tempted by a beautiful neighbor (Marilyn Monroe).from£3.99 | RRP:
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- 23 July 2012
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Please note this is a region 2 DVD and will require a region 2 (Europe) or region Free DVD Player in order to play It&39;s a steamy summer in New York City and this scandalous sexy comedy heats things up even more! A married man (Tom Ewell) whose wife and son are away for the summer has his fidelity put to the test when a seductive starlet (Marilyn Monroe) moves in upstairs Keeping his marriage vows in the face of her flirtations proves tough when challenged by the notorious "seven year itch" Faced with this provocative problem he&39;s victim to an outrageous mating dance filled with hilarious comedy! Actors Marilyn Monroe Tom Ewell Evelyn Keyes Sonny Tufts Robert Strauss Oskar Homolka Marguerite Chapman Victor Moore Dolores Rosedale Donald MacBride & Carolyn Jones Director Billy Wilder Certificate PG Year 1955 Screen 2551 Anamorphic Languages English - Dolby Digital (30) Subtitles English for the hearing impaired ; Croatian ; Czech ; Danish ; Finnish ; Hebrew ; Hungarian ; Icelandic ; Norwegian ; Polish ; Portuguese ; Swedish ; Turkish Closed Captions Yes Duration 1 hour and 40 minutes (approx)
Marilyn Monroe and Tom Ewell star in this classic drama written and directed by Billy Wilder. Happily-married Richard Sherman (Ewell) is left in New York City while his wife and child go on a summer vacation. His lively imaginings of what a summer of freedom has in store for him develop some validity when a beautiful young girl (Monroe) moves into the apartment upstairs...
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Date: 02-19-2018
Case Style:
Leesa Jacobson v. United States Department of Homeland Security, et al.
Arizona District Federal Courthouse - Tucson, Arizona
Case Number: 16-17199
Judge: Milan S. Smith, Jr.
Court: United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit on appeal from the District of Arizona (Pima County)
Plaintiff's Attorney: Winslow Tabu,
Defendant's Attorney: Patrick G. Nemeroff, Scott McIntosh, Elizabeth A. Strange, Chad A. Readler,
Description: Leesa Jacobson and Peter Ragan (collectively, Appellants) filed this suit to challenge their exclusion from an enforcement zone set up around a Border Patrol checkpoint area near their homes in rural Arizona. Before any discovery occurred, the district court granted summary judgment to the Defendants-Appellees (Appellees). We vacate and remand for further proceedings.
Outcome: For the foregoing reasons, we vacate the district courts grant of summary judgment and remand for further proceedings. Costs shall be taxed against Defendants-Appellees.
Plaintiff's Experts:
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Track and Field teams show off season-best performances at the Southern Mississippi Invitational
April 5, 2017
Filed under Showcase, Sports, Track & Field
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For the second meet in a row, the Loyola track and field team shined, recording program and personal bests.
Leah Banks took home first place in the long jump with 5.64 meters, a new program best.
Basketball star Meghan Temple made her track debut in the discus, landing seventh place with 39.19mm.
Jarret Richard recorded a personal best in the 100m dash, racking up ninth place with 10.89. Richard's time is also the second fastest in the SSAC this season.
Earl Coats notched a personal best in the 400m dash and Brain Davis took 15th overall and a personal best in the 800m run.


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- to open (a door, window, etc.) by or as if by removing a bolt; unlock; unfasten.
- to release, as by the removal of threaded bolts: He unscrewed the nuts and unbolted the inspection cover.
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- to become unbolted or unfastened.
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Origin of unbolt
Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, © Random House, Inc. 2018
Related Wordsreleasefreeexpanddecipherunravelundoslackenrelaxeaselooseunlockuntiealleviateunscrewdisclosejimmytappunctureburstvent
Examples from the Web for unbolt
Historical Examples
Eager as themselves, I hastened to unbolt the door and set them free.Confessions Of Con Cregan
Charles James Lever
You've got to go f'm there to the front an' unbolt the door.The Boy Scout Treasure Hunters
Charles Henry Lerrigo
He was angry that she should have dared to unbolt the door, or to withdraw the bars.The Vicar of Bullhampton
Anthony Trollope
This Scott—if he was out of the way, they could unbolt the doors and walk out.The Riddle of the Mysterious Light
Mary E. Hanshew
Can you get through one of these windows, Ito, and unbolt the door?The Mystery Girl
Carolyn Wells
- to unfasten a bolt of (a door)
- to undo (the nut) on a bolt
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Collins English Dictionary - Complete & Unabridged 2012 Digital Edition © William Collins Sons & Co. Ltd. 1979, 1986 © HarperCollins Publishers 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012


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FARNBOROUGH, United Kingdom — Support personnel for the 2010 Farnborough International Air Show arrived July 11 to set up for the week-long event that brings over 1300 exhibitors and 165 air frames from around the world into one arena to enjoy this global iconic event.
As thousands of people look to the skies at the aerial demonstrations and tour the various static displays, not many of them give thought to the key players who work behind-the-scenes to make this event possible.
According to Air Force Master Sgt. Brian Pfender, maintenance operations supervisor for the U.S. military assets at Farnborough, the planning involved to bring this show together is complex.
"There were a lot more hands involved in this than the 70 people here," said the sergeant whose home station is the 48th Maintenance Operations Squadron at RAF Lakenheath, UK. "Getting everything in and out of here takes a lot of work. The equipment arrived in eight trucks and two C-17 Globemasters this weekend, which meant a lot of people sacrificed their weekend off to make this event happen."
Pfender's position requires a certain amount of technical expertise when dealing with the variety of airframes, each with its distinct requirements. Other qualities beyond technical expertise are essential.
"Each branch of service has their own lingo," said Pfender. "You better be able to talk. A cart to the Navy may be called one thing and the Air Force may use a different name for the same thing. Maintenance procedures are handled differently too."
Coordination to meet the needs of each crew and ensure availability of equipment needed for each aircraft is a detailed process. The maintenance team acts as a liaison, serving as a single point of contact for acquiring services from contractors to meet military needs.
According to Pfender, it is a challenge but a rewarding experience that every enlisted member needs to experience.
"The support from Farnborough is great," said Pfender. "The whole team really came together. Everyone had a responsibility and did their part."
"It is incredible the people that come together and make this happen," said Pfender. "Some aren't even here. A special thanks to everyone who put this show together."
At the end of the day, the crowd diminishes, the parking lots empty and the lines at the bus que fade, but there are still many personnel working around the clock who make the 2010 Farnborough International Air Show a success.


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|Published Thursday, September 6, 2012
Born in the USA singer, Bruce Springsteen is a rock star that loves to play live. For his lighting designer Jeff Ravitz, keeping the visual excitement real can be quite a challenge. Although Springsteen has sold more than 120 million albums worldwide, he is notorious for his unofficially extended concerts and its Ravitzs job to stay one step ahead of his, sometimes unpredictable, program.
For example, just this summer an over run in Hyde Park, London saw Springsteen unceremoniously switched off. This however did not deter him from concluding his 2012 European leg in Helsinki in true Springsteen style playing a personal record-breaking four hours and six minutes. Such capricious behavior means Ravitz has to be quick thinking, focused and have a lighting design and system that offers maximum flexibility, power, and of course subtlety.
Forming the backbone of his lighting rig is a battalion of Philips Vari-Lite luminaires including 21 VL2500 Spots, 22 VL3000 Spots, 15 VL1100TSD luminaires and a VL3500 Spot. As Ravitz points out, I have to be ready for anything at any time. I endeavor to craft each and every song as a unique mini-design in itself, ensuring that the look responds directly to the emotions, rhythms, and melodies.
Fixtures are strategically positioned with each luminaires placement carefully calculated. I've always been a fan of the Vari-Lite optics, punch and overall quality of movement. The effective results of those features alone can make or break the design. In addition the Vari-Lite stock gobos are really useful, and we also add custom gobos as well, comments Ravitz.
Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Bands show is a slick well-oiled machine of musical energy and personal messages but like most live concerts, theres no theme that conveys a single idea throughout. Bruces show is 25-30 individual mini productions, explains Ravitz. Each has its own beginning, middle and end. I want to deliver a design that does justice to his performance - a mixture of introspection, love, lust, friends, politics, etc each with different tempos and volumes.
Ravitz uses a wide variety of fixtures each strategically positioned to cover all the musicians but also placed to fill the air with the color and composition that best visually expresses the voice of Springsteen's music. Sometimes I will sculpt the band members and Bruce with a single thin line of light, sometimes reveal them fully, he describes.
Each band member has VL1100TS keylight and VL2500 backlight, which I use to vary the color, intensity and sharpness of the look. The VL1100 is a great workhorse. We use the tungsten version because we favor the natural, warmer color temperature. However when we want to shift the color, it's easy. The shutters are important to me and we use them to the max to get the most out of the light and still keep it clean off of scenic elements.
Surrounding them are VL3000 Spot luminaires to set the environmental tone, while uplighting enables Ravitz to accentuate the drama and create theatrical effects on the band - especially Bruce.
Bruce reportedly watches DVDs of the video of the concert and regularly comments on everything from the cinematography to the camera and lighting approach.
Ravitz says he considers himself extremely lucky to be the designer for Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. Bruce is the ultimate performer, he says. He's rock, folk, a bit of metal, a great comic, and vaudeville all wrapped into one package. The music is fantastic, the lyrics are inspiring, and the show is off the charts. Literally, there are times when all our planning goes out the window, when Bruce and the band jump the tracks and just make it up. That gets my heart pumping, and even when I'm a bit frustrated and bewildered, I'm still smiling.
Morpheus Lights, based in Las Vegas, supplied all the equipment and crew for the UK and European legs, as well as in the ongoing US Tour. Ravitz concludes: The reports I get from the backstage tech department is that the lights take to the road well and don't require excessive maintenance, despite being bounced inside a truck and then being hung in some pretty unfriendly environments on a daily basis.


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Augmented and Digital Actuality are a few of the quickest rising sectors of our financial system. These applied sciences are spreading far past the gaming world and into enterprise and training, the place its getting used to coach staff and higher educate college students.
The VR Innovation Academy at College of Western Cape (UWC), teaches the talents wanted to create Digital Actuality and Augmented Actuality functions for enterprise and training. The curriculum covers many numerous fields, together with: structure, product visualization, sport creation, multimedia design, and broadcast media.
On this fast-track program, college students obtain 10 months of coaching, together with 6 months working instantly on real-life tasks in several market segments. Discover out how one can get began on an thrilling profession and earn an accredited certificates.
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The put up VR Innovation Academy at UWC Now Recruiting appeared first on EON Actuality.