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Peggy G. Lemaux, Ph.D.
University of California, Berkeley
SLIDE 1 Claims are often repeated by those opposed to biotechnology that the products produced commercially are "Untested" for food and environmental safety. The focus of my talk will be to explore some of these claims by looking at these products and discussing some of the issues that have surfaced relating to their safety.
European Attitudes
SLIDE 2 First it might be instructive to look at the differences in attitudes between U.S. and European consumers and why these differences occurred. There is no simple explanation.
The differences began to surface in the late 1990's. Why did it happen then? At about that time there were several food safety scares in the E.U., e.g., mad cow disease and dioxin-contaminated foods. The credibility and effectiveness of the regulatory agencies during and after these events was, I believe, an important factor in consumer decisions made about GE foods. People were nervous about food safety. U.S. consumers recently had a glimpse into such a frenzy by watching what happened when a cow with BSE, or mad cow disease, was identified here. SLIDE 3
In Europe in the late 1990's consumer confidence in the ability of the federal agencies to insure food safety was not strong. At that time decisions by officials were perceived by many as being based on politics, not public safety. There were, of course, other factors that contributed to the controversy. SLIDE 4
But the outcome was that many European consumers were nervous and questioned whether government officials would adequately judge GE food safety.
How Do U.S. Consumers Feel about the New GE Foods?
These factors in Europe certainly influenced attitudes of E.U. consumers. But how do U.S. consumers feel about these foods - then and now? SLIDE 5 First it is important to know that even as late as April 2003, when asked if there "are any foods produced through biotechnology in the supermarket now?" 34% of U.S. consumers said "no". This number differs little from that seen in a survey done in 1997 in which 37% said "no" (IFIC, 2003). This lack of awareness may be because of a lack of interest or to the fact that Americans have too many other issues on their "radar screens".
Another indication of Americans' attitudes toward GE foods is revealed in surveys that ask consumers to identify food safety concerns. SLIDE 6 In 2003 one such survey (and there are many) only 1% of those polled expressed concern about the safety of genetically engineered foods, down from 2% who expressed that concern in Jan. 2001. Of more concern were safety concerns related to food handling and preparation, where 41% of respondents expressed concern.
Another possibility for the difference in opinion between what European and U.S. consumers consider an important food safety issue relates to the fact that the majority (not all) of U.S. consumers maintain trust in federal agencies to assure food and environmental safety. SLIDE 7 Again consumer polls indicate that respondents have confidence in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, the regulatory arm responsible for food safety and which monitors the safety of the new GE foods. In a Gallup poll, 75% of Americans had either a great deal or a fair amount of confidence in the federal government to ensure food safety; only 5% had none.
What Are the Issues?
So what are some of the issues surrounding the application of genetic engineering technologies to agricultural crops? SLIDE 8 In general they fall into three broad categories, food safety, environmental safety and socioeconomic/ethical issues. I will try to touch on the major topics in two of these three areas.
Before discussing this, I have to admit that, as a scientist, I was not aware of the distinction between "risk" and "safety" and it is important to understand this when discussing safety issues. Risk per se can be determined quantitatively by testing foods in various different ways. SLIDE 9 "Safety" is only partly quantitative since it is defined as acceptable risk. Based on an individual's values and perceptions, they will decide if they feel that something is safe. The corollary is that most products of technology are not black and white safety issues; there are plusses and minuses.
What are some of the food safety issues?
1) Introducing Allergens. SLIDE 10 An often cited example of the potential for this risk is work conducted at Pioneer Hi-Bred in the 90's to improve protein quality of soybean. They used a naturally occurring Brazil nut protein, which improved the amino acid imbalance in the soy nut. During development, however, Pioneer scientists discovered that some individuals had allergies to this protein based on blood serum assays and it never entered the marketplace. But this issue is still raised. In fact in a recent letter to the editor in Mendocino County California, a resident speaking in favor of Measure H, which will ban the growth and propagation of GE plants and animals in the county, raised this issue. SLIDE 11 It was stated that 10 people died from eating this GE food - even though it never left the laboratory!
Does this example show it is possible to move an allergen from one food to another? Yes. Was this a surprising finding? No. This example also shows that the development process for a GE food involves steps that allow the identification of a food safety problem before the food is marketed.
Since we are talking about risks and benefits, it should also be noted that genetic engineering could be used to eliminate allergens. This approach has not yet been fully explored but, for example, in China, where rice allergies are common, researchers identified a major allergen and worked to create rice varieties with reduced levels of the protein that were less allergenic for consumers. SLIDE 12 In the U.S. work is focused on removing allergens from for example wheat, peanut and milk.
What U.S. governmental agencies are responsible for overseeing the potential for allergenicity in GE foods? SLIDE 13 First, if a piece of genetic information is introduced into a GE food from a source known to cause allergies, e.g., peanuts, wheat, fish, milk, the product must be labeled as such under current FDA statutes. Second, companies under FDA scrutiny do extensive, although nonmandatory, testing of GE foods to assure safety. This testing involves assessing potential allergenicity using predictive models and, if necessary, animal testing. Such testing does not result in zero risk, but it reduces the probability of adverse consumer reactions. SLIDE 14
Another example of an allergenicity problem related to GE foods containing Starlink corn, which had a protein designed to protect against insect damage. SLIDE 15 Because of questions regarding some of its characteristics, federal regulatory agencies approved it only for animal feed, not for human consumption. Some grain got into certain corn products, which were recalled because agencies were not convinced that this new protein would not cause allergies.
Was this a danger to consumers at the time of its market withdrawal? No, allergists know that a person has to eat a lot of a protein over a period of time to develop allergies and this product was removed from the market before that could happen. Later studies showed that this protein had only a moderate chance of causing an allergic response. Did the presence of Starlink corn in food products show that there were weaknesses in the ability to segregate grains during their movement to market? SLIDE 16 Yes, this showed that grain intended for animal feed could not be segregated properly from grain intended for human consumption. This was critical to learn before plants making pharmaceuticals or plastics enter the market.
2) Inadvertent Creation of Allergens or Toxins. SLIDE 17 Can we predict or assess this type of situation with 100% accuracy. No. But, is this a situation that would only occur with GE foods? No. For example, the development of both new celery and potato varieties by classical breeding has led to foods with high levels of phytotoxins (psoralen and glycoalkaloids, respectively). When this was discovered during routine testing prior to market release, development of these varieties was stopped, just as in the case of the GE soy with the Brazil nut protein.
That inadvertent development of allergens in foods is not limited to GE foods is also shown by the kiwi, which was introduced into the U.S. in the late 1960's. SLIDE 18 Although not obvious when first introduced, this fruit was later found to cause allergies in certain individuals. In some cases this proved fatal to patients with kiwi allergies because of unexpected cross-reactions with latex rubber. Should foods like the kiwi undergo a decade or more of testing to insure that such allergenicity problems do not occur? A difficult question.
One might then ask if the probability that an unexpected allergen will occur in a new GE food is higher than it would be with a food created by, for example, classical breeding between wild and commercial species? In my opinion, no. It is no more likely that the insertion of a new gene at a random location in the plant genome would activate some previously unforeseen compound than that it would be to occur during the random rearrangements and movement of genes during a classical breeding cross. So although the risk is not zero, it is no greater than with conventional breeding techniques, such as occurred with celery and potato.
3) Horizontal Gene Transfer and Spread of Antibiotic Resistance Genes. SLIDE 19 Horizontal gene transfer means the transfer of genetic information from foods to other organisms, like bacteria and humans. Consideration of these issues requires generation of sufficient scientific data and some data have been published in the scientific literature. First, during the process of digestion most proteins and DNA from foods are broken down. Analysis of experiments in which rats are fed large quantities of DNA indicate that, although the genes can reside transiently in the outermost cells of certain organs like the liver, their retention is not stable and has no observable consequences. Such processes have happened during the entire time humans have eaten foods - and their DNA - and few of us have taken on characteristics of the foods we eat!
Second is the concern over transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in GE plants to gut bacteria. While this has been shown to occur at very low rates under certain unusual circumstances, this is not likely to result in significant problems. Most antibiotic resistance genes are not effective against antibiotics in current clinical use and, besides, the use of resistance genes in generating GE plants is being phased out. Does this mean that eating foods with antibiotic resistance genes is zero risk? No, but it is likely not a significant problem. That antibiotic resistance in gut bacteria is a worldwide problem is irrefutable, but the most significant causes of this problem are not GE foods. They are due to animal husbandry practices and indiscriminate use of antibiotics in human health. SLIDE 20 The likely impact of the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in the new GE foods, if it occurs, will be negligible. This does not mean we should ignore the issue, but we should not lose focus on issues that are more critical to addressing the problem.
Environmental Issues
With regard to environmental issues, numerous questions have been raised regarding GE crops. SLIDE 21
1) Unintended effects on insect or pest populations. SLIDE 22 This issue first arose with the well-publicized Nature paper by John Losey on the effects of certain Bt
corn pollen on Monarch butterflies. In this paper, laboratory studies were conducted where the fate of Monarch larvae was determined after they were fed leaves dusted with pollen from control, Bt- or non-Bt-containing corn. In this study the insects were not offered a choice of diet. Analysis of data showed that larvae consuming Bt pollen were more adversely affected than those that did not.
This result was not surprising to most scientists since the particular Bt used is known to affect this type of insect (lepidopteran) larvae. In fact it was likely not surprising to the company who created it since they conduct studies prior to release of effects on unintended pests. SLIDE 23 Extensive testing does occur that includes six unintended pests, including the lacewing; however, Monarch larvae were not among those tested. But most knowledgeable scientists in the field would have predicted Monarch larvae would be affected. But testing done by companies is not available for most scientists to see so this paper brought this issue to the fore.
But just how significant a problem might this be? Several pieces of information are pertinent to this question. First, the single GE event used in the Losey study contained Bt in the pollen; other events did not. A large-scale study was conducted after the Losey publication to assess how significant the problem was. SLIDE 24 In those experiments, researchers found that pollen shed in most (not all) areas of the country does not occur simultaneous with larval feeding. Second, Monarch butterflies prefer to lay eggs on milkweed (their preferred host) in the open, not plants located in the middle of a cornfield. Also, the density of pollen needed to kill larvae occurs only within ~ 9 ft of the edge of the field.
Does this mean that Monarch butterfly larvae would not be affected by Bt corn pollen? No. Does this mean that this is not likely to be a major threat to Monarch butterfly populations? Yes. Does it mean that we should not be concerned about secondary effects of pesticidal strategies? No, just as we should be concerned with environmental effects of other strategies, like pesticides, used to control pests.
An interesting contrast to the Monarch butterfly story, that once again emphasizes the need for risk/benefit analysis, is another less well-reported study also published in Nature that demonstrated a positive effect of Bt on beneficial insects. In this case they looked at the effects of Bt canola on a parasitic wasp that infects a major canola pest, the diamondback moth. SLIDE 25 This study found that the populations of beneficial parasitic wasps rose in areas with Bt canola, probably due to the decrease in pesticide use that otherwise reduced the wasp populations.
The question for many is the relative effect of Bt on Monarchs and other unintended pests vs. agricultural practices. SLIDE 26 One of the problems in interpreting such data is the issue of to what these impacts are to be compared. Should the Bt corn be held up against a zero-risk paradigm where agriculture has no effects on the environment, to the methods used by production agriculture or to the practices of organic agriculture? Much of the debate, I believe, revolves around this issue.
2) Creation of Weeds Resistant to Herbicides. SLIDE 27 Is there a possibility of creating weeds that are resistant to the herbicides being used for the herbicide tolerant (HT) crops? It is not a question of whether it will happen; it already has in several places in the U.S. and Australia. This proves once again that overuse of a particular pesticide can, if not carefully monitored, render a new chemical or technology useless? Will this create an ecological disaster? In my opinion, no. Other, perhaps less environmentally friendly herbicides, can be used instead to control the weeds. But it will be a problem for companies developing the crops and for farmers who want to use them!
3) Movement of Genes to Other Plants. SLIDE 28 Could the passage of genes from GE crops to weed species lead to the development of a "superweed"? It depends on how you define the term. Certainly the passage of genes from plant to plant will happen. In the U.S. the major crops like soy, corn and cotton do not have wild relatives, but in some cases they have wild relatives with which they could outcross. And in some cases, like canola, sugarbeet, sunflower, rice and oats, these relatives are control problems.
So is it possible that a gene could escape to one of these wild relatives? Yes, it is likely. Will this be a problem? It depends on the trait, what characteristic it confers and what the crop and weed species are. Let's look at rice as an example. So-called red rice is a problem for rice growers and it can outcross with cultivated rice. SLIDE 29 The movement of herbicide tolerance to these varieties would make it impossible to control red rice with the herbicide used against the commercial variety with the resistance gene. But returning to practices used before the introduction of these varieties could control the problem.
So is the movement of herbicide resistance to red rice likely to create a "superweed" that cannot be controlled with herbicides? No. But it would be a problem for farmers and for the companies developing these varieties because the original herbicide used on the HT crop could not be used. For this reason it is something we should attempt to control if we want to continue using them.
The potential impact of the movement of a particular gene should be judged on a case-by-case basis. For example if the genes that moved into red rice were responsible for increased vitamin content or reduced allergenicity, this would not raise the same environmental safety issues as the herbicide tolerance gene.
The area in which the gene movement occurs is also an issue. In areas of genetic diversity, crops with certain traits should not be released. Or the plants should be engineered so they don't pass the trait on to wild relatives, by creating male sterile plants or putting the trait in the chloroplast genome, which slows the rate of movement to other plants. An example of genes escaping in an area of genetic diversity was raised by a study published again in Nature. SLIDE 30 Here an engineered gene was reported to have escaped into the landraces of corn in Mexico, an area of cultural diversity for this important crop. Again an issue to be considered is the impact of the particular gene on the landrace.
Another possible impact of gene movement involves the passage of genes to organically grown crops. In the U.S. federal policy, developed by organic farmers themselves and now overseen by the USDA, states that GE crops cannot be designated as "organic". Therefore, although genes have moved from conventional crops to organic crops for years, movement of engineered genes from conventionally grown farms to organic farms can cause problems depending on the situation. SLIDE 31 Like pesticide drift, this is an issue that can and will have to be addressed.
In summary, farmers have found GE crops, in general, to improve their bottom line. For farmers, the environmental issues raised by GE crops are not markedly different from issues with which they had to deal with conventional crops. Given consumer support, farmers will likely embrace these products if they deliver benefits. SLIDE 32 If either does not materialize, farmers will return to methods used in the past. Many of the products currently in the fields and laboratories will not achieve the potential necessary for user or consumer acceptance. But the strategies will likely be improved and refined, just as the computer moved from a machine that took up city blocks to one that fits on your wrist. And consumer perspectives on the issue may also change with time. So some products of the technology may find favor with users and consumers; some will not. Some will be a commercial success; some will not.
For a copy of the talk and slides, scientific references and more information, visit ucbiotech.org in the Resources, Scientific Database and Biotechnology Information sections, respectively. SLIDE 33


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This and That 4-H Club held its last meeting on March 11 at the Super 8. The major upcoming event will be the annual 4-H party to be held April 18 at the Cottonwood Community Hall. Setup begins at 9:30 a.m. with games starting at 10 a.m. Lunch will be served at noon. All members are strongly encouraged to attend. Helper sign-ups will occur at the next meeting. Members are also invited to bring two dozen cookies to the next meeting on April 8 (6 p.m. at the Super 8 conference room). These cookies will be distributed to the generous donors of This and That 4-H Club. It is also that time of year that projects are getting into full swing. Candace Johnston and her cooking group held a cooking day on March 29. Peg Gehring also gave a project report for ceramics members and handed out a schedule of days to work on projects. The first day for ceramics members to meet is immediately after the 4-H party on April 18.
— Ava Forsyth
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CBD water can have varying amounts of CBD in it, and unfortunately the amount isn't always made clear. However, one example with lab tests available only has 2.5 mg of CBD per bottle, which really isn't enough to make it worth .
For CBD, it's a little more complicated. It affects the body's cannabinoid system indirectly. It activates other receptors (including serotonin receptors), but also reduces the action of an enzyme that works on the cannabinoid system. The result of this last effect is complex, but essentially CBD boosts some of the therapeutic effects of THC while also reducing its psychoactive effects. This means it's a pretty useful cannabinoid for people using THC medically.
There are several factors to consider when purchasing a CBD vape pen. First, what is your primary method of consumption? Do you prefer vaporizing CBD through concentrates or flower? Pens can be designed and marketed as used for either or both methods. Concentrate pens tend to be smaller and more narrow since the tank size only needs to hold a little bit of a highly concentrated oil. Vape pens for flower tend to be bigger in size with larger chambers since flower has more volume than oil. However, vaporizing flower means frequently changing the tank. The entire chamber will heat up and the flower will become darker brown in color and look more wilted as the cannabinoids are vaped off the top of the plant material. The flower will not disintegrate and instead needs to be thrown out and replaced when finished. One of the benefits of vaporizing oil is that the oil burns itself off as it gets used. You can fill your tank with oil and slowly vape until you run out and need to refill. Often there will be old residue leftover, but you can go much longer without touching the tank than you can with flower vaporizers.
Because CBD doesn't interact with the CB1 receptors in the way that THC does, it doesn't get you high. CBD oil and other forms of CBD aren't used recreationally, but their effect on the levels of anandamide in your body means they still can help to lift your mood and promote relaxation.
This formula can also be taken sublingually or vaped by itself, but is ideal for mixing with existing e-liquid. In addition to having a strict internal quality assurance system, they use third-party testing for cannabinoid potency, heavy metals, bacteria, mycotoxins and pesticides.
I have been using cbd's for several months.The last two months I have been using Bluebirds product which I find to be superior to other distributors oils. I feel better than I have in years. I highly recommend Bluebird Botanicals products.
Studies show that CBD oil is good for anxiety treatment, it is best recommended as it shows effectiveness towards people who have brain disorders. Some take CBD oil orally, a few drops a day or depending on the patient needs. But, you are given some option, it could be taken through vaping form, as it has e-liquid that is known as CBD vape oil.
If you are wondering why cbd oil became so popular, the reason is that cbd oil is a form of alternative medicine that is claimed to be effective and efficient in resolving bad conditions of the body. Just like any other medicine or therapy that became popular over the years, the popularity of these things can be attributed to the effectiveness of its use. This is what you can get from the use of cbd oil. The popularity of cbd oil also spurred the production of the best cbd vape oil for anxiety and stress. Not only that, there are also cbd oil manufactured specifically to make the body feel relaxed.
Another way to consume CBD is to use a vape. If you decide to use a vape, it is important to ask the CBD oil company if its products are suitable for vaping, because not all oils are alike and not all CBD products are good for vaping. Some are better for standard oral consumption, and some are good for both. If you recall, we mentioned that CBD Vape Oil should be mixed with vegetable glycerine (VG) so that the vape pen or e-cigarette is viscous (liquidy) enough to be able to function with vape pen e-coils. Vape pens will heat the cannabis oil at a low temperature which creates a smooth vapor stream, rather than a harsh smoke. CBD Oil that's made to be administered under the tongue is generally not good for vaping, as it's much too thick to work with the vape pen e-coils (and in fact, it can actually be really dangerous to use oral CBD oils with vape pens as you might end up inhaling cuticle wax and "residue" chemicals rather than the actual CBD).
Another recent study that was presented at a conference looked at the effect of a mix of CBD and THC on migraine headaches. The researchers found that migraine pain reduced by 55% when people were treated with over 200 mg of a CBD-THC combination.
The coolest thing about this company is that they sell pre-filled disposable vape pens. So if you don't already own a vape or if you just like the convenience of something that you can vape and toss, their cost-effective CBD pens are an amazing option.


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2012 Chrysler 200 in Laval, Québec, $7,450
General Information
- Engine4 cyl.
- TransmissionAutomatic
- Body StyleSedan
- DrivetrainFront wheel drive
- Doors4
- Exterior ColourBlack
- Interior ColourBlack
Stop by our dealership and discover our great offers at Auto Shelby. Check out this amazing used Chrysler 200 2012 near Laval. Inspected and certified by our experienced technicians, the Black model has logged 157788 km. You can buy this pre-owned Chrysler 200 2012 at a great price of $7450. It's a Sedan with 4 doors, Automatic transmission and Front wheel drive. This Chrysler 200 2012 is powered by a 2400cc engine that runs on Unleaded fuel. If you'd like to learn more about this used Chrysler 200 2012 for sale in Laval, don't hesitate to contact us by phone at 1 877 524-3167 or on our web site at http://www.autoshelby.com.
Make the most of your visit at Auto Shelby and discover our entire lineup of new and used vehicles. Our expert sales consultants will provide clear and precise answers to all your questions. Don't miss the opportunity to test drive the vehicle you're interested in. We offer financing solutions for all budgets. At Auto Shelby near Laval you will find a vehicle that meets your needs at a great price. And remember that our after-sales service is impeccable.
(English not available; displaying notes in french.)
2012 Chrysler 200 LX-Automatic-2.4L-Groupe Electrique-Tres Economique-Jamais Accidenter 2012 Chrysler 200 LX -Automatic -2.4L -Groupe Electrique -Tres Economique -Jamais Accidenter Mecanique A1,Nous Sommes Ouvert 7 Jours Sur 7,Echange Accepter,Financement Approuve À 99% Du Temps,1er-2em-3em Chance Au Credit,Financement Maison Aussi Disponible Garantie 4 ans/80000 km Disponible Pare Choc A Pare Choc,Garantie De Remplacement Disponible,Tous Nos Vehicules Sont Inspecter,Carproof Disponible, Prise De Possession Du Vehicule Le Jour Meme Disponible Auto Shelby Est A Votre Service Depuis 2005.... Auto Shelby 344 Boulevard Cure-Labelle,Laval,QC,H7V-2S1 Tel:450-736-1273 Email: email@example.com Site: Www.Autoshelby.com Aussi Notre Deuxieme Emplacement Ce Situe Au 4455 Boulevard St-Martin Ouest
- AM/FM Radio
- CD Player
- Power Windows
- Power Doors
- Power Steering
- Air Conditioning
- Cruise Control
- Electric Mirrors
- ABS Brakes
- Alarm System
- Heated Seats
- Tilt Steering
- Bucket Seats
- Wheel Covers
- Intermittent Wipers
- Remote Entry
- Traction Control
- Heated mirrors
- Stability control
- Rear window defroster
- MP3 player
- Bluetooth Wireless Technology
CARPROOF is Canada's most trusted vehicle history report.
A CARPROOF report gives you full details about a vehicle's past when you buy or sell a used car.
Model Information
1Minimum MSRP (2012) $19,995
2Average Price (used) $12,067
3Maximum MSRP (2012) $39,695
4Seller's Price (used) $7,450


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Home|New Hampshire Banks|Lebanon
First NH Bank of Lebanon Information
Sponsored Links
20 West Park Street Lebanon, New Hampshire 3766
Established in 10-05-1829, First NH Bank of Lebanon has 5 convenient branch locations to serve the Concord market. First NH Bank of Lebanon in Lebanon, New Hampshire is a commercial bank, state charter and Fed nonmember, supervised by the FDIC with assets of $135,000 as of June 30, 2008. (The sum of all assets owned by First NH Bank of Lebanon including cash, loans, securities, bank premises and other assets. This total does not include off-balance-sheet accounts.)
First NH Bank of Lebanon Lebanon, New HampshireBank Location, Map and Driving Direction. Find other banks in 3766
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OPPO to Launch A83 aiming to take on 2018 smartphone market with a unique body structure
After launching theF5 late last year, OPPO is back announcing a New Year deviceOPPO A83, that takes a winning formulaRead more
After launching theF5 late last year, OPPO is back announcing a New Year deviceOPPO A83, that takes a winning formulaRead more
Since most African companies and Brands pages are lowly ranked on facebook, These companies will experience the biggest impact whenRead more
As A Kenyan Social media Marketer and an online Entrepreneur I feel Happy and ready for the new Facebook Algorithm!Read more
It's vital that you understand social media marketing fundamentals. From maximizing quality to increasing your online entry points, abiding byRead more
Never lose sight of the fact that social media is meant to be a discussion. How can we discuss aboutRead more
Have you noticed that your Twitter followers are dropping each and every day, and people have started refusing to retweet your stuff?Read more
Following the grand launch of OPPO F5 series last month, OPPO is now unveiling its latest premium device in theRead more
The holiday season has begun on a high as the Apple iPhone X last Friday launched in Kenya. The world'sRead more
Twitter's expansion to 280 characters is rolling out publicly today to all users in supported languages, including English. The companyRead more
Boomplay Music, Africa's fastest growing music streaming and download platform, reinforced its continued contribution to the African content distribution ecosystem,Read more


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Rainbow clouds – take a funny animal along the road made of colorful clouds. Tap the buttons of corresponding color so as the character doesn\'t fall down. Start a merry journey on the clouds together with the heroes of this Android game. Road made of square clouds will appear just in front of your eyes. To make the hero jump onto the next cloud you must tap the button the color of which corresponds to the color of a cloud. In case you make a mistake, the hero will fall down and the game will be over. Hurry up, colorful road gradually falls behind the character.
Game features:
Minimalistic graphics
Simple system of controls
12 cute characters
High score
To Download Rainbow clouds For PC,users need to install an Android Emulator like Xeplayer.With Xeplayer,you can Download Rainbow clouds for PC version on your Windows 7,8,10 and Laptop.
Guide for Play & Download Rainbow clouds on PC,Laptop.
1.Download and Install XePlayer Android Emulator.Click "Download XePlayer" to download.
2.Run XePlayer Android Emulator and login Google Play Store.
3.Open Google Play Store and search Rainbow clouds and download,
or import the apk file from your PC Into XePlayer to install it.
4.Install Rainbow clouds for PC.Now you can play Rainbow clouds on PC.Have Fun!


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Buying a luxury apartment in Paris can be a daunting task. Paris is a large world-class city and the options may seem overwhelming to those new to this type of undertaking. Below are some considerations to help assist you in buying the perfect property in an amazing city.
Those looking to buy in Paris should first consider which neighborhood they prefer and what type of dwelling would be best for them. As many buildings in Paris are older elevators are not a common commodity available. Additionally parking is a difficult accommodation to find but will help with resale value of the apartment.
Buyers should also consider which type of apartment they desire, meaning would they be comfortable in an older architecturally classical type of building or a new build with all of the amenities.
Read the full article here:
6 Things to Consider When Buying a Luxury Apartment in Paris
Rory Ramsden is a French property finder and buyer's agent working for high net worth private clients wishing to buy a chateau, manor or vineyard in the south west of France. He has lived in France for 8 years after spending time travelling the world on business.
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Buying Property in France – Case Study
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Learn the tips and tricks recommended by a top buyer's agent in south west France
SW France Prime Property Buyer's Guide
Download our in-depth FREE SW France Prime Property Buyer's Guide .


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The "Featured Photo" in the October 2017 Birding, arriving soon in ABA members' mailboxes, prompts three questions:
1. What the heck is this?
2. If you have a general idea, why is it this one and not that one?
3. Even if you know exactly which one it is (it's this one, not that one), why does the bird look this way?
The usual request: Please let us know your reasoning. If you think it's a Thayer's Gull, please let us know how you got to "gull" in the first place.
Answers forthcoming, but, first, let's have some fun together with this one!
The following two tabs change content below.
Ted Floyd
Editor, Birding magazine at American Birding Association
Ted Floyd is the Editor of Birding magazine, and he is broadly involved in other programs and initiatives of the ABA. He is the author of more than 100 magazine and journal articles, and has written four recent books, including an ABA title, the ABA Guide to Birds of Colorado. Floyd is a frequent speaker at birding festivals and state ornithological society meetings, and he has served on the boards of several nonprofit organizations. Mainly, he listens to birds at night.
Latest posts by Ted Floyd (see all)
- The Tie That Binds - September 17, 2018 8:54
- Happening NOW: The midsummer nocturnal molt migration of eastbound Chipping Sparrows - July 17, 2018 8:00
- HAPPENING NOW: Upslope Sparrows - May 16, 2018 8:00
- Birding magazine's "Year of Hawaii" - May 7, 2018 8:43
- The Ultimate eBird Stationary Count - April 30, 2018 8:00


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The contrast was telling. In 1974 when the House of Representatives approved an impeachment inquiry of President Richard Nixon, the vote was an overwhelming 410-4. Just four lonely Republicans supported Nixon.
This week a similar vote regarding President Bill Clinton was 258-176, a startling difference. Although 31 Democrats joined the Republican majority in voting for an open-ended inquiry, it's still largely a partisan fight.
Every Republican House member, all 227 of them, followed the dictates of party leaders and voted for their version of an impeachment inquiry. In an earlier vote, one lone Republican, Jay Dickey of Arkansas, voted with Democrats who were trying to limit the inquiry's scope and set a time limit.
It's hard to imagine that only one Republican has doubts about whether Clinton's gross sexual behavior and lying about it constitute an impeachable offense.
The vote illustrates not only a sharp and continuing partisan division within the House on this issue, but the House's separation from the American people.
Polls still show the majority of Americans oppose impeachment and removal of the president from office. Americans also, however, are repelled by Clinton's tawdry affair with Monica Lewinsky.
At least on the surface, Clinton seems now to accept that the impeachment process will continue, and he can do little to influence its outcome. Some of his aides expressed satisfaction that ``only'' 31 Democrats joined the Republicans on the final vote, but that's the hollowest of victories.
Every House member who voted cast a ballot, on the first or second vote, to start an impeachment inquiry. That means there was no formal support at all for stopping the process, although of course many Democrats tried to head off the open-ended Republican version by backing a less onerous Democratic plan they may not have believed in.


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July 30, 2009 19:18 ET
HOUSTON, TEXAS--(Marketwire - July 30, 2009) - EnerGulf Resources Inc. (TSX VENTURE:ENG)(FRANKFURT:EKS) (EnerGulf or the Company): EnerGulf is pleased to report Dr. Joseph Davis has re-joined Digital Prospectors, Inc. ("Digital") to manage EnerGulf's geoservices. Digital has been consulting to EnerGulf for the past 4 years on Block 1711 in Namibia and the Lotshi Block in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Dr. Davis, will be coordinating the upcoming seismic program on the Lotshi Block and related geology requirements. He will also be responsible for the geophysics/geology work program concerning Block 1711.
Dr. Davis has more than twenty years of experience in oil and gas exploration, with significant involvement and success in new ventures around the world including deepwater plays in the Gulf of Mexico and West Africa. His specialties include seismic stratigraphy, regional studies and play analysis. He has worked for the U.S. Geological Survey (1974-1980), Arco Oil and Gas (1980-1987), Strategic Petroleum (1987-1989), Maxus Energy (1990-1992), Davis Exploration Consulting and Hyperion Resources. Dr. Davis has consulted with Digital Prospectors since 2001. He was team leader for the exploration work program, offshore West Africa, which resulted in the United Meridian/Mobil discoveries in Equatorial Guinea. Dr. Davis has earned an A.B. in Earth Sciences from Dartmouth University, a M.S. in Geology from Southern Methodist University, and a Ph.D. in Geology from the University of Texas.
EnerGulf is also pleased to report that Dr. Albert Ongendangenda has joined the Company as Director General of EnerGulf Congo SARL, a subsidiary of the Company located in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo ("DRC"). Dr. Ongendangenda will manage EnerGulf's upcoming seismic program on the Lotshi Block and general operations in the DRC.
Dr. Ongendangenda served as the Advisor to the President of the Democratic Republic of Congo for Mines, Energy and Infrastructure from 2002 until recently. He is currently also a Professor at the University of Kinshasa, Faculty of Science, Department of Earth Sciences.
Dr. Ongendangenda has a Ph. D. with honors in Geology from the University of Aix-Marseille III, France, a Diploma of Advanced Studies Geochemistry-Petrology from the Universite des Sciences et Techniques de Montpellier II (France), a Masters de Geologie Fondamentale et Appliquee, and Bachelor of General Geology from the University Paul Sabatier Toulouse (France). He also has a degree in business management from the University of Aix-Marseille I.
Jeff Greenblum, EnerGulf Chairman of the Board and CEO states, "We are very pleased that Dr. Albert Ongendangenda and Dr. Joseph Davis, highly skilled and experienced oil and gas exploration professionals, are working with EnerGulf. We anticipate they will add extraordinary value to the success of our exploration programs."
EnerGulf Resources Inc. is a publicly traded international oil and gas exploration company focused on maximizing shareholder value by targeting high impact opportunities in the world's most prospective hydrocarbon regions.
On Behalf of the Board of Directors of EnerGulf Resources Inc.
Jeff Greenblum, Chairman and CEO
Certain disclosure in this release constitute forward-looking statements that are subject to numerous risks, uncertainties and other factors relating to EnerGulf's operations as an oil and gas exploration company that may cause future results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by those forward-looking statements and readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these statements. EnerGulf disclaims any intentions or obligations to update or revise any forward looking statements whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.
Neither TSX Venture Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the TSX Venture Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Progressive Investor RelationsBen Curry(604) firstname.lastname@example.com
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