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|Faculty of Arts & Science
2011-2012 Calendar
The Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations is concerned with the interdisciplinary study of the civilizations and cultures of the Near and Middle East from Neolithic times until the present, including their archaeology, history, mythology, religion and thought, art and architecture, and languages and literatures (Akkadian, Babylonian, Sumerian, Aramaic, Syriac, ancient Egyptian, Hebrew, Arabic, Persian and Turkish). The Department's programs provide students with a unique opportunity to study non-Western complex societies and civilizations.
The Near East is generally understood to refer to the region at the eastern end of the Mediterranean and beyond, from ancient times up to the advent of Islam in the seventh century CE. The Middle East refers to a much broader geographical area whose predominant Islamic culture in medieval and modern times has stretched to North Africa and Spain in the west and to Central Asia, India, and Southeast Asia in the east.
The Department welcomes students of all academic backgrounds who wish to learn about the Near and Middle East. NMC101H1 and NMC102H1 introduce students to the ancient Near East, including ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, while NMC103H1 introduces students to the Islamic world. Students pursuing a Specialist or Major program are required to take two of these Gateway courses.
Many courses offered in the Department do not require any knowledge of the languages of the region. However, the Department strongly believes that a deeper understanding of the civilizations and cultures of the Near and Middle East can be achieved through the study of one or more of its languages. Students should consult the Department's web site www.utoronto.ca/nmc for more detailed information about programs and courses offered in a particular year.
Undergraduate Enquiries: 4 Bancroft Avenue, Room 200, 416-978-3306, firstname.lastname@example.com
Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations Specialist (Arts program)
Enrolment in this program requires the completion of 4.0 courses.
11 FCEs, including at least four 300+ FCEs, one of which must be at the 400-level.
At least 9 FCEs must be NMC and/or NML courses. Others may be taken only from a list of pre-approved courses offered by other departments.
First Year: One FCE from NMC101Y1/NMC101H1/NMC102H1/NMC103H1/NMC184H1. It is recommended that language instruction begin in first year if possible.
1. Four FCEs in one or two primary source languages (Akkadian, Ancient Egyptian, Biblical or Modern Hebrew, Aramaic, Syriac, Arabic, Persian, Turkish), with NML designator (i.e., not literature in translation).
2. Three FCEs in History and/or Religion and Philosophy.
3. Two FCEs in Archaeology and/or Art and Material Culture
4. One additional FCE.
Enrolment in this program requires the completion of 4.0 courses.
6 full FCEs or their equivalent, including at least two 300+ series FCEs, one of which must be at the 400-level.
At least five FCEs must be NMC and/or NML courses. One FCE may be taken from a list of pre-approved courses offered by other departments.
Students should choose between a Major with or without language(s). NML courses are language courses. NMC courses are courses in culture and civilization.
Major with language component:
First Year: One FCE from NMC101Y1/NMC101H1/NMC102H1/NMC103H1/NMC184H1.
Higher Years: Two to four full courses in one or two languages. At least two full courses must be NMC designator.
Major without language component:
First Year: One FCE from NMC101Y1/NMC101H1/NMC102H1/NMC103H1/NMC184H1.
Higher Years: at least three full courses from one of the NMC subject groupings below, one of which must be at the 400-level. Two full courses may be taken from the other groupings.
N.B. Admission to a Graduate Program in NMC requires the applicant to have acquired a background in languages.Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations Minor (Arts program)
Enrolment in this program requires the completion of 4.0 courses.
4 full courses or their equivalent, including at least one 300+ series course. All 4 must be NMC and/or NML courses
Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations Groupings:
Arabic Studies
Aramaic/Syriac Studies
Hebrew & Judaic Studies
History of the Islamic World and the Modern Middle East
Islamic Studies
Mesopotamian Studies & Assyriology
Persian Studies
Turkish Studies
The 199Y1 and 199H1 seminars are designed to provide the opportunity to work closely with an instructor in a class of no more than twenty-four students. These interactive seminars are intended to stimulate the students' curiosity and provide an opportunity to get to know a member of the professorial staff in a seminar environment during the first year of study. Details here.
These courses are designed to introduce students to the major civilizations and cultures of the Near and Middle East, ancient, medieval, and modern, and to present students with the range of possibilities for further study in their chosen areas of interest.
The course traces the history of ancient Egypt from the foundation of the Egyptian state around 3050 BCE to its incorporation into the Roman Empire. The focus is on various aspects of Egyptian culture, including the institution of kingship, the role of women, and the peculiarities of Egyptian art, literature, and religion. Emphasis is placed on the methods by which knowledge about this ancient civilization can be obtained.Exclusion: NMC101Y1. NMC343H1/NMC344H1 may not be taken in the same year.
The history of ancient Near Eastern peoples and empires, particularly those centered in Mesopotamia. The origins and role of writing systems in the development of civilization. The cultural contributions of the Sumerians, Assyrians, Babylonians, ancient Israelites, Persians, and others, in the areas of law, administration, science, art and architecture, religion, and literature.Exclusion: NMC101Y1. NMC346H1/NMC347H1/NMC370H1 may not be taken in the same year.
An introduction to the history, lands, peoples, religions, and cultures that came under the influence of Islam and that, in turn, contributed to the formation of Islamic civilization. Topics to be covered include an overview of the geographical and ethno-linguistic scope of the Islamic world, the role of the Qur'an and Arabic language, the major Islamic empires, the production and transmission of knowledge, law and society, and literary and artistic expressions.Exclusion: NMC184H1
A general introduction to the archaeology of the ancient Near East including prehistory, Syria-Palestine, and the high civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt. Organized chronologically to trace the historical development of agriculture, urbanism, and complex state-ordered societies in the region.Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
Participation for 4 - 7 weeks during the summer in an approved archaeological excavation in the eastern Mediterranean/Middle East. This experience is then critiqued in a previously assigned essay researched and written under guidance upon return. Departmental permission is required in December-February prior to the fieldwork.Exclusion: NMC261H1
The archaeology of Syria-Palestine from prehistoric times until the end of the Late Bronze Age (ca. 1200 BCE), with a special emphasis on the development of complex society, and inter-relations with the neighboring regions of Egypt and Syro-Mesopotamia. Attention will also be given to the history of archaeological research in the region, current field techniques and methods of archaeological analysis, and the relationship between archaeological evidence and contemporary written records, including the Hebrew Bible. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NMC260Y1
The archaeology of Syria-Palestine from the collapse of the Late Bronze Age until the Persian Period, with a special emphasis on the emergence of Israel and the small territorial nation-states of the eastern Mediterranean seaboard. Particular attention will be given to the relationship between the archaeological evidence and contemporary written records, including the Hebrew Bible. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NMC260Y1
Detailed examination of significant sites for the understanding of ancient Egyptian cultural development, encompassing the study of spatial organization, architecture, artifactual material, and archaeological evidence from each site. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NMC343H1 and NMC344H1
Comprehensive survey class on the origins of complex societies, urbanism and early states in Mesopotamia from the Neolithic period to the end of the Early Bronze Age. Covers the archaeology and material culture of Iraq and surrounding regions (western Iran, eastern Syria, southeastern Turkey).Prerequisite: NMC260Y1
Comprehensive survey class on the state societies of Babylon, Assur, and Elam during the second millennium BC and on the emergence and manifestation of world empires (Assyria, Persia) in the first millennium BC. Covers the archaeology and material culture of Iraq and surrounding regions (western Iran, eastern Syria, southeastern Turkey).Prerequisite: NMC260Y1
A survey of Islamic archaeology, covering the rise of Islam from 7th century to the end of the Fatimid period in 1171, examining sites in the Middle East, North Africa and Andalusia through the archaeological record, artifacts evidencing history, art history, urbanism and socio-ecology of early Muslim communities.Recommended Preparation: NMC103H1/NMC184H1/NMC260Y1/NMC273Y1
An overview of late antique Greek, Arab and Persian material culture, as seen through the archaeological record of Syria, Iraq, and Iran.Recommended Preparation: NMC260Y1 and/or an introductory course in archaeology
Underlines the role of some Egyptian monasteries as active institutions carrying out numerous economic activities, and reveals the forces that enabled their survival and changing function. Exploration of these rich sites of cultural exchange, as manifested in their architecture and religious art and written material.Recommended Preparation: NMC202H1/NMC260Y1/NMC342H1/NMC368H1
A survey of Coptic art, archaeology and architecture. The course will cover aspects of the religious, civil and daily life of the Copts: their houses, religious architecture, funerary monuments, art and artefactsRecommended Preparation: NMC202H1/NMC260Y1/NMC289H1
Materials and technology help define the cultures and civilizations that use them, especially for archaeologists. Focusing on the Near and Middle East, this course is aimed at promoting understanding of the nature of materials used by the peoples of the region from the earliest prehistory until recent times. This course has a hands-on emphasis. (Offered in alternate years)Exclusion: NMC369H1
Problems in the Archaeology of the Ancient Near EastPrerequisite: 1.5 courses from NMC360H1/NMC361H1/NMC361Y1/ NMC362Y1/NMC363H1/NMC364H/NMC363Y/NMC465H1/NMC466H1; two courses from NMC343H/NMC344H/NMC346H/NMC347H/NMC370H1
The use of polarized-light microscopy in the examination of ceramics, stone, other materials, and microstratigraphy. Lectures in elementary optical mineralogy and case-studies are followed by lab sessions in which typical thin-sections of pottery, rocks, soils and other materials are studied. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NMC369H1/NMC369Y1
A survey of methods of classification and analysis (form, fabric and style) involved in the study of archaeological ceramics, and the use of ceramics to infer patterns of production, distribution, and social organization; linking research questions with appropriate analytical techniques.Prerequisite: ARH312Y1/NMC360H1/NMC361H1/361Y1/ 369H1/NMC369Y1
An introduction to the basic corpus of Near Eastern ceramics, from the invention of pottery production in the Neolithic until the Persian period, utilizing existing collections at the University and in the Royal Ontario Museum.Prerequisite: NMC260Y1, NMC465H1
The archaeology and material culture of ancient Egypt, with emphasis on the theoretical and methodological issues inherent in interpreting the archaeological record. Students will also work directly with artifactual material from the Egyptian collection of the ROM.Prerequisite: NMC362Y1/NMC371Y1/NMC343H1 and NMC344H1
The archaeology and material culture of ancient Egypt, with emphasis on the theoretical and methodological issues inherent in interpreting the archaeological record. Students will also work directly with artifactual material from the Egyptian collection of the ROM.Prerequisite: NMC362Y1/NMC371Y1/NMC343H1 and NMC344H1
An introduction to the ceramics of the Middle or Near East from the time of Alexander until recent times. A particular emphasis will be the elite glazed wares of the mediaeval and Islamic periods. Apart from providing a history of the production of ceramics and their social and archaeological context, this course is intended to train archaeologists and art-historians in the fundamental field recognition and identification of the various types and their production origins, and the course will rely heavily on the collections of the ROM.Prerequisite: NMC260Y1 and at least one other upper-level course in archaeological materials
This course offers an introduction to the contemporary Middle East from an anthropological perspective. Topics will include gender, kinship, religion, modernity, popular culture, and the study of everyday life.Exclusion: RLG250H1, RLG355H1
The course will introduce students to the Christian communities living in the Middle East since the distant past, identified by ecclesiastical and or ethnic terms, including Armenian, Copt, Greek-Melkite, Maronite, and Syriac. The course will discuss the plurality of their cultural, literary, and theological traditions, the social and intellectual roles of their monasteries, the contributions of their top religious authorities in diplomacy between Byzantium and the Sassanians, their position in the Islamic world and contributions to Islamic culture, philosophy, sciences, and theology, interreligious dialogues and polemics with Islam. (Offered in alternate years)Recommended Preparation: NMC101Y1/NMC102H1
Features of the pre-Islamic Middle East inherited by Islamic civilization, birth of Islam, life and times of Muhammad, formation of Islamic empire and civilization, political disintegration of the caliphate, emergence of autonomous dynasties, the fall of Baghdad to Mongols in 1258 and the rise of the Mamluks.Recommended Preparation: NMC103H1/NMC184H1
This course will unfold around the eastern and northern frontiers of the Islamic world from Central Asia in the east, to the Black and Caspian Sea steppes in the north, and from these frontiers its focus will move into the lands of the Middle East. For centuries Altaic peoples (Turks and Mongols), originally nomads in the Eurasian steppes (and mountains), played varied and crucial roles in the lands of the Middle Eastas raiders, migrants, slave-soldiers, conquerors, and state-builders. Topics to be covered include pastoral nomadism, steppe warfare, clan, tribal and state structures, ethnicity, sedentarization, and the roles of physical geography and ecology. (Offered in alternate years)Recommended Preparation: NMC103H1/NMC184H1
An introduction to the encounter between Jews and Muslims in medieval times, when a majority of Jewish people subsisted under Muslim rule. An overview of religious/political/intellectual settings of the Judeo-Muslim experience is followed by exploring cultural cross-pollination, the Jews legal status under Islam, and interfaith politics. Source materials in translation.Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
Topics vary from year to year, depending on instructor.Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
Historical survey of the principal countries of the Middle East in the 19th and 20th centuries. Themes include the interplay of imperial and local interests, the emergence of national movements, and the formation of modern states.Exclusion: NMC278Y1
Presents an historical overview on the origins of Egyptian monasticism based on written sources. Comparison of written sources with archaeological artifacts reveals the relation between spiritual and material aspects of monastic life. Literary sources produced for different monastic orders -- such as sermons, canons and biographies -- will be studied.Recommended Preparation: NMC202H1/NMC289H1/NMC368H1
The political and cultural history of Egypt from the later predynastic period through the Middle Kingdom; the use of both archaeological and literary evidence.Exclusion: NMC101H1 may not be taken in the same year
The political and cultural history of Egypt from the Second Intermediate Period through the Middle Greco-Roman Period; the use of both archaeological and literary evidence.Exclusion: NMC101H1 may not be taken in the same year
The political and cultural history of the peoples of ancient South-Western Asia from 3000 BCE to the destruction of Babylon by the Hittites ca. 1600 BCE. (Offered in alternate years)Exclusion: NMC102H1 may not be taken in the same year
The political and cultural history of the peoples of ancient South-Western Asia from ca. 1600 BCE to the conquest of Babylon by Alexander the Great in 331 BCE (Offered in alternate years)Exclusion: NMC102H1 may not be taken in the same year
The political history and cultural legacy of the Sasanian empire before the Arab conquests of Iran in the 7th-8th centuries, with a focus on the transmission of Persian concepts of kingship, administration, and social organization into Islamic civilization. The rise of native Iranian dynasties in the eastern Islamic world and the creation of the Perso-Islamic cultural synthesis under the Samanids in the 10th century. The history of greater Iran (including Central Asia and Afghanistan) under the rule of Turkic and Turko-Mongolian dynasties, such as the Ghaznavids, Seljuqs, Ilkhanids, and Timurids, with special attention to the interaction between nomadic and sedentary cultures. The emergence of the Safavid state in the 16th century, a watershed in the political and religious history of Iran, to the early modern period in the 18th century.Recommended Preparation: NMC273Y1/NMC274Y1
The last phase of the Ottoman empire has long been viewed by Orientalists and Middle East nationalists as a period of inevitable decline. More recently, cultural historians of the Middle East have framed the long 19th. century as a period of grand reforms - or Tanzimat. This course seeks to critically examine the notions of reform of the state and reform of the individual between Sultan Mahmud IIs accession and the defeat of the Ottoman empire in World War I. Focusing largely on Istanbul and the Ottoman capitals political relations with the Arab provinces, we will relate economic, social and intellectual transformations to state laws and policies, Mediterranean capitalism and the rise of sectarianism and nationalism in the Middle East.Recommended Preparation: NMC276Y1/NMC278H1/NMC278Y1/NMC353H1/NMC377H1/NMC377Y1/NMC378H1/NMC378H1
The political and cultural history of ancient Israel from the origin of the Hebrews to the exile and restoration in the Persian period. (Offered in alternate years)Exclusion: NMC102H1 may not be taken in the same year
Situated within a world historical context, this course offers a critical history of modern Iran from the establishment of the Safavid Empire in 1501 to the Islamic Revolution of 1979. While focusing on institutional and political reforms and revolutions, it also explains the making of modern Iranian political, literary, and visual cultures.Exclusion: NMC373Y1. NMC451H1 may not be taken in the same year
A survey of the history of Egypt under Islamic rule from the Arab to the Ottoman conquest (1517 C.E.), including the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk dynasties. Issues treated thematically include conversion and inter-communal relations, relations with Syria, militarization of the political structure, including the military slave (mamluk) institution, religious currents, the impact of the Crusades and Mongol invasions, commercial and diplomatic relations, the emergence of Cairo as the centre of the later mediaeval western Islamic world. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NMC273Y1
Muslim conquest of North Africa and Spain, history of Spain under Muslim rule to 1492. Attention given to institutional and cultural development, Islamic Spains relations with the Islamic east and neighbours in Europe. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NMC273Y1
History of the emergence of the Ottoman state and its evolution from a border principality in Asia Minor into an empire. Ottoman expansion into Europe, Asia and Africa. The empire at its height under Sleyman the Lawgiver. The development of important administrative and military institutions. First military and diplomatic setbacks.Prerequisite: NMC273Y1
A thematic treatment of the Arab lands of the Middle East and North Africa from 1700 onward, focusing on the Ottoman and colonial periods.Prerequisite: NMC278H1/278Y1
Explores competing narratives of the Constitutional Revolution (19061911), particularly the transformation of public and private spheres and their corresponding modes of collective and personal self-presentation. Students explore revolutionary legacies, and the ways in which competing political, religious and ideological forces have attempted to shape the Revolutions memory. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NMC278H1/NMC278Y1/NMC348Y1/NMC373H1
A seminar organized around readings on a topic selected by the instructor. Possible topics might include authority and power in medieval Islamic society in the Middle East, slavery, women, taxation, landholding, iqta and payment of the military, waqf, etc. Intended for upper year students. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NMC273Y1
Examines current theoretical and methodological trends in the study of the Near/Middle East. A seminar course, it consists of presentations, discussions, lectures, guest speakers, and documentaries. No previous knowledge of methodology required. Special attention will be paid to the politics, culture, political economy, gender, and ethics of various research practices. Intended for 4th year students only.Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor
The course is designed to re-examine the role of intellectuals in the Arab world and political events that shaped their thinking. It introduces the life and thought of some leading thinkers of the Arab world and relates their thought to the lived experience of political, social, economic and cultural change in the Middle East. Intended for upper year students. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NML410Y1Y or fluency in Arabic and 1 FCE from NMC278H1/NMC377Y1/NMC378H1
This course probes the contemporaneous formation of modern Oriental Studies in Europe and the emergence of discourses on Europe (Ifranj/Farang) in the Middle East from the eighteenth century to the present. Special emphasis will be devoted to encounters between scholars in Western Europe, Iran, India, and the Ottoman Empire. This seminar-style course explains that Orientals gazed and returned the gaze, and in the process of cultural looking, they, like their Occidental counterparts, exoticized and eroticized the Farangi-Other. In the interplay of looks between Orientals and Occidentals, there was no steady position of spectatorship, no objective observer, and no aperspectival position. Intended for upper year students.Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor.
A seminar built around thematic readings of social and economic history of the modern Arab world. Offered every other year.Prerequisite: NMC378H1
A seminar organized around readings in selected topics. The topics are related to the instructors research interests. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NMC378H1
This course will examine the religious beliefs and practices of Muslims. The period of time covered by the course is from shortly before the birth of Islam in the 7th century to the present. Attention will focus on the central concerns of the religion: God, Prophethood, Holy Book, Community, the Individual. The sources and development of the Sharí'a, the teachings of the mystical tradition, the contributions to art and science, social institutions such as marriage and divorce, family life, the position of women in Islam, modern social changes and the more recent impact of the West on Muslim lands (and vice versa) will also be discussed. Lectures, assignments and workshops will be framed by the close identification between "religion" and "civilization" found in the Islamic sources, beginning with the Qur'an. Doubtless in part a reflection of the 7th century "view from the Hijaz," of the contemporary and competing civilizations of the Christian Eastern Roman Empire in the west and the Zoroastrian Iranian Sasanid Empire in the east, this identification may be seen as a presupposition of Islamic religious discourse, beginning with the two foundational opposites, the defining and characteristic Islamic religio-cultural categories: jahiliyya, "ignorance, barbarism" and islamiyya, "Islām". (Offered in alternate years.)Exclusion: NMC185H1/RLG204Y
Explores the interaction between Jewish religious and secular movements and feminism. Investigates Jewish law (halakha) and the Jewish legal (halakhic) process in terms of feminist critique. Marriage, divorce, Torah study, bat mitzvah, other ceremonies, female rabbinic ordination and womens prayer groups are some of the topics considered. (Offered in alternate years)Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
Concern is mainly with the sacred character of the Quran (koran), its preeminence in Islam. Topics include: the idea of the sacred book, the Quran and the Bible, the influence of the Quran on Islamic spirituality, literature, theology, law, philosophy, and the various apporaches taken in interpreting the Quran. Knowledge of Arabic is not required. (Offered in alternate years)Exclusion: NMC285Y1/RLG351H1
This course is a continuation of NMC285H1. Students will be required to engage directly with the text in English or French translation, to discuss and write on major and minor quranic topics and themes and to study the works of other astute readers of the text. Arabic is not required or expected.Exclusion: NMC285Y1/RLG351H1
Overview of the history of the Copts from political, religious, social and economic perspectives. Literary and documentary sources will illustrate these different aspects of Coptic Civilization. The focus on Coptic Monasticism will underline the role of monasteries as conservers of the Coptic Orthodox Church tradition.Exclusion: NMC202H1
The ancient religions of the ancient Near East are interesting for the profound insights their myths enshrine, and for the impact they had on Judaism, Christianity and Islam, as well as on Greek literature. This course will give equal attention to the religions of Mesopotamia (Sumerian, Assyro-Babylonian), and to those of Syria (especially Ugarit). (Offered in alternate years)Exclusion: NMC380H1
Survey of major intellectual trends in the Islamic tradition, particularly those identified with Middle Eastern Muslim thinkers, from the early 19th century to the present. Topics include reformism, modernism, hermeneutics, feminism, Islamism, and liberal and progressive trends in contemporary Muslim thought. Readings in English translation.Prerequisite: NMC185H1/NMC283Y1/RLG204Y1
Religious belief and practice in ancient Egypt. The course will focus on gods and mythology, which will be studied through primary sources in translation. (Offered in alternate years)Recommended Preparation: NMC101H1/NMC101Y1
Jewish attitudes to various personal status issues, such as the foetus, the minor, the pubescent child, and the mentally and physically challenged adult from biblical and rabbinic sources to modern Jewish positions. (Offered in alternate years)Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
Mysticism and spirituality in Islam: the Quran; doctrine; prayer; Sufism; Irfan (Shii mysticism). Themes include love, knowledge, authority, being, interpretation.Prerequisite: NMC185H1/NMC283Y/RLG204Y
Subjects covered include the rise and development of the Shii version of Islamic orthodoxy from the mid-7th to the mid-13th centuries CE. Distinctive Shii interpretations of the Quran will be examined.Prerequisite: NMC185H1/NMC283Y/RLG204Y
This course continues the study of Shiism from 1258 to the present day and will include the history and teachings of the various members of the Shii family of Islamic religion.Prerequisite: NMC185H1/NMC283Y1/RLG204Y1
This course will present for study a different prominent figure each year: Hallaj, Ghazali, Suhrawardi, Ibn Arabi, Rumi, Mulla Sadra, and so on. Attention will be given to their respective social and historical milieux, their modes of expression and experience, and the nature of their literary productions. There is no prerequisite, but students must be advanced undergraduates in the Humanities.Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
Abortion, rape, family violence and similar topics from the perspective of historical and legal development, scientific theory, socio-ethical attitudes and anthropological comparison in the Bible and other ancient Near Eastern sources, through Jewish legal texts to modern responses. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
Monumental architecture, whether for secular or religious purposes, played a special role in Muslim societies, particularly in major centres such as Isfahan, Samarkand and Delhi. Beginning with the Taj Mahal (1632) the best-known elements of Islamic architecture the double dome, the pointed arch, glazed tiles are traced retroactively in Iran, Central Asia, and India, and their social context is studied. (Offered every three years)Prerequisite: One full course in pre-modern history of the Muslim world or Islamic art/material culture; or one full course in pre-modern art history (FAH)
A survey of the arts of the Islamic world from the 7th century to the Mongol conquest in the mid-13th century. Studying objects in the ROM collections of Islamic art.Prerequisite: One full course from FAH or NMC in medieval art/history/culture
A continuation of NMC393H1, covering art and material culture in the eastern Islamic lands from the late 13th century CE to the modern period. Studying objects in the ROM collections of Islamic art..Prerequisite: One full course from FAH or NMC in medieval art/history/culture
Architectural studies, historical sources and archaeological research are used to examine the physical and social morphology of the pre-industrial Islamic city from Central Asia to North Africa and Spain, from the 7th to the 17th centuries.Prerequisite: One full course in Near Eastern/Islamic art and/or material culture
This course focuses on a comprehensive introduction and discussion of Mesopotamian artwork from the Neolithic to the Iron Age periods (ca. 6000 - 300 BCE). Following an introduction of major artifact classes (including sculpture, relief, and glyptics [seals and sealings]), students will learn to describe and catalogue works of Mesopotamian art, allowing them to critically use and evaluate primary and secondary publications. Systematic descriptions and labels for key characteristics such as the object materials, size, iconography, genre, style, and theme will be established to show how meaningful artifact typologies can be constructed. The potential as well as limitations of art-historical approaches for archaeological work, especially for the chronology and interpretation of archeological contexts, will be discussed and examined on selected cases. Several classes will be taught at the Royal Ontario Museum to demonstrate the handling and physical analysis of artifacts.Prerequisite: Permission of the instructor
Credit course for supervised participation in faculty research project. Details here.Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
An instructor-supervised group project in an off-campus setting. Details here.Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
Independent StudiesPrerequisite: Permission of Department
Independent StudiesPrerequisite: Permission of Department
Independent StudiesPrerequisite: Permission of Department
A course of study tailored to the individual needs or interests of advanced undergraduate students. A selection of readings chosen by the student, under the supervision of a faculty member on which the student may be examined serves as background preparation for the writing of a research paper.Prerequisite: Permission of Department
The Department reserves the right to place students in the course level best suited to their linguistic preparation.
Introduction to Old Babylonian. Grammar and the reading of selected texts. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: Arabic or Hebrew, normally NML155H1/NML156H1/NML110Y1/NML250Y1
(Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NML305Y1
Introduces students to the richness and breadth of modern Arabic literature in translation. The course starts with the age of translation in the nineteenth century, then it examines several literary schools and trends that emerged in the twentieth century, such as romanticism, the novel, modernism, free verse, symbolism, and postmodernism. The course covers a wide range of selected texts and genres, which may include travel accounts, novellas, fiction, prose, poetry, and drama. (Offered in alternate years)Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
This course is an introduction to the formal variety of Arabic used throughout the Arab world. It is designed for students with no prior knowledge of Arabic language and it follows a teaching approach that places equal emphasis on the development of all language skills: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. The fundamental learning philosophy underlying this approach is that proficiency in a foreign language is best achieved through consistent, deliberate, and systematic practice. From the outset, students are strongly encouraged to develop the habit of consistently and continuously practicing learned material.Prerequisite: Priority enrollment will be given to declared NMC majors/specialists
Students enrolled in this course are assumed to have active knowledge of the grammar and vocabulary covered in the introductory level. After a brief review, the course continues from where NML110Y1leaves off. Following the same teaching approach and learning philosophy, emphasis is placed on balanced development of all language skills. As the course progresses, students are introduced to the fundamentals of Arabic morphology and syntax. This is achieved through analysis of texts covering a wide range of topics. By the end of the course, students are expected to achieve upper intermediate level of proficiency.Prerequisite: NML110Y1 or permission of the instructor.
Students enrolled in this course are assumed to have active knowledge of the grammar and vocabulary covered in previous two levels. After a brief review, the course continues from where NML211Y1 leaves off. Following the same teaching approach and learning philosophy, emphasis is placed on balanced development of all language skills. Throughout the course, students are introduced to increasingly complex morphological and syntactic patterns of Arabic. This is achieved through analysis of texts covering a wide range of genres. By the end of the course, students are expected to achieve advanced level of proficiency.Prerequisite: NML211Y1 or permission of the instructor.
This course is an investigation of the formal properties of Modern Standard Arabic. Its primary goal is to provide the student with an in depth knowledge of the grammar of the language. To this end, the course makes use of concepts and tools of analysis common to contemporary generative linguistics.Prerequisite: NML211Y1 or permission of instructor
Students enrolled in this course are assumed to have active knowledge of the grammar and vocabulary covered in previous levels. After a brief review, the course continues from where NML310Y1leaves off. Following the same teaching approach and learning philosophy, the goal of this course is to enable the students to reach a superior level of proficiency in Arabic. To this end, the materials covered are designed to strengthen the students reading and writing skills, refine and expand their knowledge of sentence structure, morphological patterns, verb system, and enrich their cultural background. The primary method is analysis of sophisticated authentic texts covering a wide range of genres and drawn from different parts of the Arabic speaking world. Although the main focus remains to be on Modern Standard Arabic, texts from the Classical Arabic literary tradition will be introduced incrementally throughout the course.Prerequisite: NML310Y1 or permission of instructor.
The primary goal of this course is to familiarize advanced students of Arabic with structural properties, styles, and discourse features of the language used in the Arabic Press. To achieve this goal, class time is devoted to directed readings of authentic texts covering a wide range of topics and are drawn from various Arabic newspapers.
The newspaper articles assigned for reading are approached from a purely linguistic point of view. It is not the course objective to assess the factual accuracy of the content of the articles nor is it to evaluate the validity of the claims and assumptions made by their authors.
Systematic outline of the development, characteristics, and peculiarities of selected genres of classical Arabic literature such as historiography, belles-lettres (adab), philosophy, ethics - Quran, exegesis, Literature of Tradition - poetry. Complementary readings, analysis and translation of original text passages are given emphasis.Prerequisite: NML310Y1 or permission of the instructor.
Selected texts from Syriac literature written between the 3rd and 13th centuries C.E., including versions of the Bible and prominent authors of biblical commentaries, hymns, acts of martyrs, liturgical texts, historiography, grammatical and lexicographical works, as well as translations from Greek. (Offered in alternate years)Recommended Preparation: NMC101Y1/NMC102H1
Introduction to Aramaic grammar. Readings from biblical Aramaic. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NML250Y1
An intensive study of various Targumim to the Pentateuch: Onkelos, Pseudo-Jonathan, Neophyti, Samaritan and Fragment Targumim. Differences among them in vocabulary, syntax and verb usage are discussed, as well as their relationship to the Palestinian midrashim. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NML220Y1
The Talmud of the Land of Israel, also called Talmud Yerushalmi or Palestinian Talmud, is written in a mixture of Jewish Western Aramaic and Mishnaic Hebrew. It is the principal document of the Land of Israel in Late Antiquity. The course examines the legal argumentation, terminology and language which differ from those of the Babylonian Talmud. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
This course is primarily a reading course in Syriac literature with reference to specific points in grammar and syntax as contrasted with Aramaic. The texts are read with reference to the history of Syriac literature. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NML220Y1
Introduces the student to the last stage of the Egyptian language, written mostly in Greek characters. The course will first concentrate on the grammar of the language and go on to read short texts.Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
A continuation of NML230H1.Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
Explores a variety of different genres of ancient Egyptian literature, including wisdom literature, funerary texts, poetry, stories and other literary texts. Prior attendance of an introductory history and culture course such as NMC101H1 may be helpful, but is not required.Exclusion: NMC251Y1
Introduction to various genres of Egyptian texts, with a focus on those writings that provide information about aspects of funerary/religious beliefs and ritual, of history, politics and institutions, and of the Egyptian quest for knowledge of the world, as evinced in astronomical, medical, and mathematical sources. Literary texts will be treated in so far as they relate to the listed topics. No knowledge of the ancient Egyptian language(s) is required; all texts to be read in translation. Prior attendance in an introductory history and culture course such as NMC101H1 may be helpful, but is not required.Exclusion: NMC251Y1
Grammar and reading of selected hieroglyphic texts.Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
Middle Egyptian texts.Prerequisite: NML240Y1
Texts of significance for the reconstruction and understanding of Egyptian history will be read in the original, and analyzed for content, style, and grammar. The social and archaeological context of these texts will also receive attention.Prerequisite: NML340Y1 or permission of instructor
Readings, analysis, and comparisons of selections from the Pyramid Texts, the Coffin Texts, and the New Kingdom mortuary literature; study of cultic, magical, and mythological texts relating to funerary and cultic beliefs and practices. All texts to be read in the original.Prerequisite: NML340Y1 or permission of instructor
An introduction to the critical study of the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament and related literature of ancient Jewish communities (Apocrypha, Pseudepigrapha, Dead Sea Scrolls). No prior work in biblical studies or knowledge of Hebrew is required.Exclusion: NMC280H1/280Y1
This course provides an examination of the historical and cultural context in which the Dead Sea Scrolls were authored and copied, the types of writings included in the Scrolls, and the ancient Jewish groups behind these texts. It also discusses the significance of the Scrolls for understanding the textual development of the Hebrew Bible, ancient scriptural interpretation, and the thought world of the Jews during the period that gave birth to both Rabbinic Judaism and early Christianity. No knowledge of Hebrew or Aramaic is required.Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
See MHB155H1 in Religion.
See MHB156H1 in Religion.
An introduction to biblical Hebrew prose. Grammar and selected texts. For students with no previous knowledge of Hebrew.Exclusion: Those who have completed Grade 8 Hebrew (or Grade 6 in Israel)/NMC230Y1/NML150Y1
This course marks the transition from easy to regular Hebrew. Conversational skills developed by regular participation in class presentations and discussions of current events and cultural issues; reading unadapted texts, simple articles in regular Hebrew; beginning of practical writing on topics discussed in class, writing about personal experiences, writing of structured compositions; completion of syntactic study of main structures; study of the weak verb.Prerequisite: MHB156H1/NML156H1
This course offers practice in understanding both spoken and written Hebrew at a university level. Focuses on: (1) Comprehension: listening to the news, radio and television programs, and lectures in regular Hebrew; (2) Conversation: intensive practice in oral expression to improve proficiency; (3) Reading: texts from various academic fields, the press and literature; (4) Writing: practical writing and the expression of opinions; (5) Grammatical Skills: enhanced perception of the construction of the language; broadening of grammatical knowledge.Prerequisite: NML255H1/MHB255H1
An examination of wisdom literature and themes in the Hebrew Bible and later Second Temple writing; primary emphasis on Hebrew texts but including comparison with themes from non-Hebrew texts such as the Greek Ecclesiasticus, the Wisdom of Solomon, and some early Christian writings.Prerequisite: NML250Y1
This course examines ancient Israel's history writers, focusing on the Deuteronomistic History and the Chronicler's History. Attention will be given to linguistic forms, rhetorical style and goals, and comparison of national or ethnic self-perceptions.Prerequisite: NML250Y1
An investigation of two closely related types of ancient Hebrew narrative: myth and story. Focus will be equally on Hebrew language, rhetorical style and goals, and when appropriate, the comparative ancient near eastern backdrop for the Hebrew texts.Prerequisite: NML250Y1
This course provides an introduction to the study of the origin, form and function of ancient Jewish and related apocalyptic literature which flourished between 200 BCE and 200 CE, understood in its cultural and literary contexts.Prerequisite: NMC150H1/NML250Y1
Law reflects the way in which society understands and organizes itself through common agreements and forms of restraint. This course examines the different ways religious and ritual legislation was generated in ancient Jewish communities and the different functions such legislation served in these communities. All texts to be read in the original.Prerequisite: NML250Y1
The course is designed to deepen the student's knowledge of Hebrew in various fields. Areas of focus include: (1) Comprehension: listening to radio programs on an advanced level and viewing regular television programs; (2) Conversation: increasing the vocabulary used in conversations and discussions, while placing emphasis on different language styles; (3) Reading: Scientific articles, newspaper editorials, prose and poetry passages; (4) Writing: practical writing according to communicative functions, according to models of persuasion, explanation, etc; (5) Grammatical Skills: complementing the student's linguistic knowledge; the handling of irregular forms.Prerequisite: MHB256H/NML255Y1/NML256H1
This course is designed to enable the student to use Hebrew freely, incorporating all of the language skills – comprehension, conversation, reading and writing – with exposure to a wide range of vocabulary, language structures, and academic and scientific texts. Attention is paid to lexical collocations and semantic fields.Prerequisite: NML255Y1/NML355H1/MHB355H1
The themes of Eros and Thanatos will be explored in Aggadic texts from Song of Songs Rabbah. This Midrashic text stands halfway in the tradition, both making use of earlier texts and being used by editors of later compilations. These interrelations will be the focus of our study as well as the relationship of work to Scripture.Prerequisite: Intermediate Hebrew (Modern or Biblical)
Introduction to Mishnah and Tosefta, two of the three foundational documents of Middle Hebrew. In addition to studying specific features of this level of Hebrew, examining these compositions independently, and analyzing their interaction, students will examine current scholarly literature on these documents and their relationship to each other. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: Intermediate Hebrew (Modern or Biblical)
Selections from a tractate in Babylonian Talmud in order to gain facility in the understanding of the dialogic structure of the legal discussions. Practice in the use of classical commentaries and critical aids to allow independent study of the text. (Conducted in Hebrew) (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: Intermediate Hebrew (Modern or Biblical)
Advanced survey of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics of ancient Hebrew. Introduction to the various methods used to investigate ancient Hebrew.Prerequisite: NML250Y1, and one NML300-series course
Students will be introduced to the problems of text criticism involving variant readings and the redaction of Talmudic texts. Problems of transmission of the text, its relationship to the Palestinian Talmud, Tosefta and other texts will be explored. Use of Medieval Talmudic commentaries will be addressed.Prerequisite: Intermediate Hebrew (Modern or Biblical)
This course familiarizes students with the methodology and terminology of the two midrashic systems: Devei R. Akiba and Devei R. Ishmael. Sections of all the midrashic halakha (Mekhiltot, Sifra and Sifre) are studied and compared to other Tannaitic materials. (Conducted in Hebrew) (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: Intermediate Hebrew (Modern or Biblical)
A study of the poetic works of a major modern Hebrew poet. (Conducted in Hebrew) (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
A study of an important modern writer of Hebrew fiction. (Conducted in Hebrew) (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
Advanced language course placing ancient Hebrew within its geographic and typological context. Priority will be given to 1) methods used to reconstruct proto-Semitic and ancient Hebrew (versus the Tiberian Hebrew of the Hebrew Bible); 2) classifications of Semitic languages; 3) comparison of phoneme and lexical inventories, morphology and syntax; and 4) dialectal variation and dialect geography.Prerequisite: permission of instructor
The discovery at Qumran near the Dead Sea unearthed a library of an ancient Jewish community containing manuscripts of the Hebrew Scriptures, other Jewish literature now called apocrypha and pseudepigrapha, some of which were previously known, many unknown, and writings composed by the community: collections of rules, wisdom texts, scriptural commentaries, as well as liturgical and theological compositions. This course focuses on selected Scrolls with special attention to the language, form and content, and scribal characteristics of these texts.Prerequisite: NML250Y1, and one NML300-series course
This course provides an advanced investigation of selected issues in ancient Jewish texts stemming from the Second Temple Period (5th cent. BCE 1st cent. CE), and includes comparative study of biblical writings, apocrypha and pseudepigrapha, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and writings of ancient Jewish historians and philosophers. The specific topic for the course varies from one semester to another, and can deal with, e.g., language, scriptural interpretation, poetry and liturgy, theology, legal developments, and social and political history. The course has a strong research and writing component.Prerequisite: NML250Y1, and one NML350-series course. Depending on the specific topic of the semester, knowledge of Greek or Aramaic may be recommended.
Introduction to a millennium of Persian poetry and prose. Selected readings in translation from such classics of Persian literature as the Persian national epic (Shah-nameh), Attars Conference of the Birds, Rumis Masnavi, and Sadis Rose Garden.Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
The fundamentals of modern standard Persian grammar, with emphasis on attaining fluency in reading and writing simple texts. Also serves as a basis for classical Persian. (Offered in alternate years)Exclusion: Native users. Priority enrollment will be given to declared NMC majors/specialists
This course involves reading, grammatical analysis, and translation of representative samples of contemporary Persian prose of intermediate difficulty. The reading materials are selected from a wide range of sources in order to ensure balanced, yet comprehensive exposure to the different usage of the language. The course serves as preparation for courses on both classical and contemporary Persian literature.Recommended preparation: NML260Y1
Survey of Persian literature, chiefly poetry, from the 10th to the 15th centuries, based on selected readings at an advanced level from representative authors, including Rudaki, Nizami, Sadi, Rumi, and Hafiz, as well as from the Persian national epic, Shah-nameh. Introduction to the Persian prosodial system, and analysis of the rhetorical devices and imagery employed by the classical poets Intended for upper year students.Prerequisite: NML360Y1 or adequate knowledge of classical Persian
A survey of modern Persian poetry using connected passages of Persian texts.Prerequisite: NML360Y1 or adequate reading knowledge
A survey of modern Persian prose using connected passages of Persian texts.Prerequisite: NML360Y1 or adequate reading knowledge
Development of Old Persian (551 BC) to Middle Persian (331 BC) to Modern Persian (7th century) with emphasis on word formation and grammar. Discussion is based on texts written by historians, linguists and grammarians who see language as a system which is changed by internal and external factors like politics, religion, immigration, business, etc.Prerequisite: NML360Y1 or permission of instructor
The basic features of modern Turkish grammar. In the second term, Turkish prose and newspapers are studied, with some practice in writing simple Turkish. This course serves as a basis for the study of Ottoman Turkish. (Offered in alternate years)Exclusion: Native speakers
Modern texts literary, scholarly and journalistic. Turkish grammar and syntax; the nature of Turkish culture. (Offered in alternate years)Prerequisite: NML270Y1 or adequate reading knowledge of Turkish
Advanced Turkish language practice designed to enable students to pursue independent work in Turkish and Ottoman studies. Differences between modern Turkish and Ottoman grammar will be pointed out. Elements of Arabic and Persian grammar that occur in Ottoman will be presented.
NML370Y1 or adequate knowledge of Turkish
Distribution Requirement Status: This is a Humanities course
Breadth Requirement: Creative and Cultural Representations (1)
Faculty of Arts & Science Language Citation
The Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations participates in the Faculty of Arts & Science's Language Citation initiative for Arabic, Persian, ancient Egyptian, Biblical Hebrew, and modern Hebrew. The study of ancient languages is a demanding and intellectually rewarding experience that makes available to the modern student the rich resources of primary texts in the original languages. The many languages offered by NMC provide invaluable insights into the varieties of human culture and expression and offer many directions in which to take the study of a foreign language.
Students should note that, as explained on page 20 of this Calendar, the Language Citation is not equivalent to an academic program and that enrollment in a program is not necessary in order to earn the recognition bestowed by the Citation.
The Citation in Biblical Hebrew is available to students who complete NML250Y1 (or the equivalent prerequisite training) and earn a grade of at least B- in any 3 FCEs of the following additional Biblical Hebrew courses: NML350H1, NML351H1, NML352H1, NML353H1, NML354H1, NML450H1, NML458H1, or NML459H1.
The Citation in ancient Egyptian is available to students who complete NML240Y1 (or the equivalent prerequisite training) and earn a grade of at least B- in NML340Y1 NML440Y1, and NML441Y1.
The Citation in Arabic is available to students who complete NML110Y1 (or the equivalent prerequisite training) and earn a grade of at least B- in NML211Y1, NML310Y1 and any 2 FCEs of the following additional Arabic courses: NML315H1, NML410Y1, NML411H1, and NML412Y1
The Citation in Persian is available to students who complete NML260Y1 (or the equivalent prerequisite training) and earn a grade of at least B- in NML360Y1 and any 2 FCEs of the following additional Persian courses: NML460Y1, NML461H1, NML462H1, NML463H1.
The Citation in modern Hebrew is available to students who complete NML155H1 and NML156H1 (or the equivalent prerequisite training) and earn a grade of at least B- in NML255H1/256H1 and any 2 FCEs of the following additional Hebrew courses: NML355H1, NML356H1, NML357H1, NML358H1, NML359Y1, NML451H1, NML452H1, NML455H1, NML456H1.


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Yesterday morning we bundled up and got ready for the ymca. It's become a regular thing, this guaranteed Tuesday morning visit to the Y – why? Because we have a regular cleaner now, and it's nice to get out of the house and get out of their way. I'd rather spend time with the TinyHuman […]Read More
Somehow I've gotten a bit obsessed with the idea of a She Sheds. Or just, having a tiny shed in the garden to escape and read or craft or write in. It's part of a large effort to simplify things in the house, and make the house as safe as possible for our little one, […]Read More

subset: commoncrawl


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Dhaka University honors 1st year admission circular for session 2018-2019 has been published in 25 July and Application process on going. The admission test will be start from 28 September 2018 and ended on 12 October 2018.
University of Dhaka (DU) announced honours admission circular for the "Home Economics" unit of four Home Economics Colleges. The online application starts from 10 October and will be closed on 12 November. Only Female students can apply in this unit.
BBA Admission 2017-2018 Circular under the Institute of Business Administration (IBA) of Dhaka University has been published. Eligible interested students can apply online from Thursday, 28 September to Wednesday, October 18, 2017.
Read more...


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Reposted from NPRs Ideastream.
Last weekend, a group of Cleveland elementary school kids brought home the top prizes in the junior division at the International Lindy Hop Competition held in Washington DC ideastream's Mhari Saito reports.
The Lindy Hop has its roots in the 1930's when African Americans at iconic Harlem clubs like the Savoy made dance history with their upbeat and acrobatic moves. The Lindy Hop is also a dance students at Denison Elementary in Cleveland's Brooklyn Centre have been studying at a free afterschool program for the past seven years.
Valerie Salstrom: Five, six, five, six, here we go..
Thanks to a patchwork of grants, Valerie Salstrom of Get Hep Swing helps students like these through the intricate yet loose steps.
Valerie Salstrom: I want to spread the love of this dance form that I love to make sure people can speak that language so it doesn't die. But I also hope they will develop self-confidence and they'll learn how to be self-disciplined.
Over the years, Salstrom has taken some students to contests around the country. This year, the kids asked to go again this time to the International Lindy Hop Competition in late August. The project money was gone. So this summer, Salstrom coached the kids for free. They met nearly every day and managed to get everything – from entry fees to gas money – donated. The work paid off.
A youtube video shows 13-year-old Hannah Abel and 11-year-old Kevin Tucker dancing the routine that won them the junior championship. Their Cleveland teammates also won, bringing home second and third places. Many of the kids had never been out of state before. Twelve-year-old Alexandria Gross said the experience was unforgettable.
Alexandria Gross: It was fun because we got to dance with a lot of people that we didn't know and try new things.
Basking in their victories, the kids get a few weeks off before dance classes start up again.
Additional Information
Check out Hannah and Kevin's winning routine at the International Lindy Hop Competition 2011
Learn more about the Cleveland Junior Jitterbugs.


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Write an attention grabbing introduction for an instructional text of your choice. If you would like to write the full set of instructions please feel free. Please give encouraging feed-back to your friends blogs.
4 thoughts on "Instructional writing"
Are your mum or dad always tired? Do they need ten minutes to spend relaxing? Are the dirty pots festering away in the sink, just calling to be washed up? Or is the dishwasher standing empty, hungrily waiting to be filled? Well here is one way you can help them! This instruction manual is full of everything you need to know to give your parents that bit of extra time and help them with the washing up.
How to make slime.
Have you ever wondered about making slime; if so do not despair,help is at hand. Soon you to will be able to make this unique slime. Follow these step by step instructions, and soon you will be able to make your friends jealous.
By Laila S


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Posts: n/a
We are planning a tour and Nile cruise with our airfare included on Egyptair from JFK. Please let me know if you've flown Egyptair since I can't find much information. Is there smoking allowed? Is liquor served? Aircraft in good repair?
Thank you very much.
Posts: n/a
I flied EgyptAir more than three years ago. I can't remember anything about smoking, but alcohol they didn't serve then. Aircraft was American, in good order, the flight was pleasant, the staff attentive.
Posts: n/a
I flew Egyptair last summer (97) and
love the new Boeing 777 - awesome plane!
Attendants were nice, courteous, the only thing I remember was that you had to get up and ask for sodaa during the movies. Enjoy your trip!!
love the new Boeing 777 - awesome plane!
Attendants were nice, courteous, the only thing I remember was that you had to get up and ask for sodaa during the movies. Enjoy your trip!!
Posts: n/a
I fly Egypt air three times a year and request it! They are a great,safe airlines. Everytime you have alayover in Cairo they give you a FREE hotel room and tour to the Pyrmids or town market along with free buffet vouchers at the Movenpic hotel across from the airport. They do have a smoking section by request and No alcohol is served (As far as I know)
Posts: n/a
Hi Judy. We are going to Egypt this week on Egypt Air and I called to ask them about smoking on the plane. I don't know if you want to smoke or not (it makes me sick in a closed place like a plane) but you can smoke once they leave the United States. I'm flying from LA to NY and that leg of the flight is non-smoking. Normally smoke doesn't bother me but I'm dreading being on a flight that long with smoke. The only good news is the airlines said the flight wasn't very full. Good luck to you and have a great trip.
Posts: n/a
We've just returned from Egypt & Turkey. Egyptair has good aircraft and inflight service.No alcohol.The smoking didn't bother us since we had seats in the front.But all the flights were late - from 1/2 hr on domestic to 3 hrs on international sectors ! Also beware Cairo airport - the worst departure lounge , security area, duty-free shops I've seen anywhere .Luxor airport is miles betterin everyway. In fact , Luxor is the best city in Egypt .
Have a great time !
Have a great time !
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NEGA Powder Horn firstname.lastname@example.com
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A student at Providence's Juanita Sanchez Educational Complex was assaulted on Wednesday morning, after another student allowed intruders to enter the building through a side door, the district said.
Once they got into the building, the two intruders ran down a hallway and attempted to mug an 18-year-old student, who was getting a drink of water, according to a police report. One of the intruders hit the student in the back of the head with a pistol.
When the student refused to give up his cell phone and fought back, the intruders fled the scene.
The high school was placed on lockdown, briefly, about five minutes after the intruders entered the building, according to the district's spokeswoman, Laura Hart.
"Our school buildings are secure buildings, but they are only secure when you follow the rules of security," Hart said.
Those rules require visitors entering the building to check in at the front desk. The school also has security cameras, and footage from those cameras is being used by investigators and school staff, who are looking into the incident.
"If however, somebody in the building lets someone in a rear door, that's not following the protocol and that's making other people unsafe," Hart said, adding, "there are serious consequences that can happen for a student that does that, or an adult."
According to police, the student who was assaulted sustained a minor cut, and was treated by the school nurse.
The district is sending messages home to students and families, reminding them of the security rules.
"The most important piece is, for everybody's safety, don't open doors to people you don't know," said Hart. "Don't open doors to people who aren't supposed to be there."


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Paris Picnic Club : More Than 100 Recipes to Savor and Share Hardback
by Shaheen Peerbhai, Jennie Levitt
Every Friday for a year in a small town tucked into the hillsides south of Paris, Shaheen Peerbhai and Jennie Levitt made a delicious picnic-style meal for their friends, which grew into a clandestine pop-up restaurant, serving much-anticipated lunches to 80 hungry guests.
Soon they moved their picnic club to parks and hidden spots across Paris.
In this charmingly illustrated book, Shaheen and Jennie offer a collection of their delicious recipes, taking inspiration from the diverse cuisines of Paris.
You'll delight in eclectic small plates and sharing platters, abundant tartines, creative drinks, indulgent desserts and more - to savour and share in your favourite picnic spot or at your dinner table.
- Format: Hardback
- Pages: 224 pages
- Publisher: Sterling Publishing Co Inc
- Publication Date: 03/04/2018
- Category: National & regional cuisine
Free Home Delivery
on all orders
Pick up orders
from local bookshops


text:
Property Details for MLS® # CA0131680
Property Details for MLS® # CA0131680
106 - 25 Robinson Avenue, Penhold
Apartment Style Condominium for Sale
- Size: 768 sq ft
- Price: $89,500
- Bedrooms: 2
- Bathrooms: 1(full) 0(half)
- Status: Active
- Year Built: 1979
Clean 2 bedroom unit at a very affordable price! Newer flooring and all appliances are included and in good condition. There is a 4pc bath, 2 good sized bedrooms, a large living room plus storage. Laundry is at the end of the hall - this property will make a great first home or perfect investment! There is parking at the rear of the building plus plenty of street parking, all only minutes from Red Deer.
Contact Tim Maley About MLS® 0131680
Required Field
Tim Maley, (403) 550-3533 at RE/MAX real estate central alberta - Red Deer, 4440-49 Ave, Red Deer, Alberta, T4N 3W6
property information
- Property Type: Condominium
- Style: Condo - Apartment
- Year Built: 1979
- Total Floor Area: 768 sq.ft
Community Information
- Address: 106 - 25 Robinson Avenue
- Neighbourhood: PH Park Place
- City: Penhold
- Nearest Town: Penhold
- Postal Code: T0M 1R0
- Included: Dishwasher - Built-In, Refrigerator - 1, Stove
- Bedrooms: 2
- Bathrooms: Full: 1
- Basement: Concrete, Not Applicable
- Floor Finish: Carpet, Linoleum
- Exterior Features: Landscaped
- Exterior Finish: Frame - Wood
- Roof: Asphalt
services & amenities
- Features: Laundry Facilities, Window Coverings - Other, Landscaped
- Parking: Rear Parking, Parking Space(s), Visitor Parking
Registration Benefits
By Creating an Account You'll Access:
- More Penhold Listings Browse through every listing in the MLS® System and do as many different searches as you like!
- Days on Market & Financial Info See protected details including Days on Market, Taxes, Condo Fees, Possession Dates, and more!
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Listing Courtesy of
RE/MAX real estate central alberta
RE/MAX real estate central alberta
Disclaimer: The data included in this display is deemed to be reliable, but is not guaranteed to be accurate by the Central Alberta REALTORS® Association.


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Arthur asher miller massachusetts to research the witch trials of 1692 the crucible, arthur miller and mccarthyism interviews. The crucible is a 1953 play by the american playwright arthur miller it is a dramatization of the salem witch trials that took place in the province of. Arthur miller and mccarthyism the story is about the salem witch trials of the 1690s, the crucible by arthur miller. The crucible and the salem witch trials by arthur miller essay the salem witch trials and mccarthyism the salem witch trials: the crucible by arthur. Category: arthur miller mccarthyism title: the salem witch trials, the crucible, and mccarthyism.
Why did arthur miller write the crucible ink the crucible using the 'salem witch trials' of the early 1690s as a precinct, arthur miller wrote the crucible. The relation between arthur millers' the crucible and the crucible and mccarthyism were the salem witch trials and mccarthyism. Arthur millers 'the crucible' is an extended miller sets up the parallel between the crucible and mccarthyism by as with the salem witch trials,. 65 quotes from the crucible: ― arthur miller, the crucible tags: threat , religion, salem-witch-trials, the-crucible 40 likes like.
Similarities between mccarthyism and the crucible ~ the salem witch trials consisted of a series of hearings and prosecutions towards people accused of practicing. Before beginning reading arthur miller's the crucible, you need to know about: arthur miller salem witch trials mccarthyism the definition of crucible. Salem witch trials, mccarthyism: in 1947 feuchtwanger wrote a play about the salem witch trials, thus anticipating the theme of the crucible by arthur.Pre-registration required arthur miller's 1953 play on the salem witch trials, the crucible, was written as an allegory of mccarthyism and the anti-communist. It would probably never have occurred to me to write a play about the salem witch trials of 1692 had i not seen some crucible salem arthur miller is. During the tense era of mccarthyism, celebrated playwright arthur miller was why arthur miller wrote "the crucible to research the infamous salem witch.
Get an answer for 'i need a thesis statement for the crucible by arthur miller that compares the salem witch trials to mccarthyismi need a thesis statement for the. Arthur miller uses allegory in his play, the crucible, to show the similarities between the salem witch trials and the red scare during the mccarthy era, freedom was. Introduction to arthur miller: pulitzer prize winner mob mentality mccarthyism the crucible salem witch trials what can we learn from stains in our past.
The crucible written by arthur miller, is a historical fiction play about the famed salem mccarthyism and the salem witch trials in the writing of the crucible. How does the crucible relate to mccarthyism a: arthur miller's the crucible was his response to abuse of power in the salem witch trials. This powerful political drama set amidst the salem witch trials is commonly understood as the crucible - arthur arthur millers the crucible and the salem.Download
2018. Education database.


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Korean cosmetic brand Laneige has appointed Blugrapes as its regional social media agency of record to support its growth plan across Southeast Asia.
The appointment follows a closed-door pitch and will be for a period of a year with an option of renewal.
Tasked with strategic planning, process development and counsel, Blugrapes will also undertake content creation and deployment of social media solutions across the respective regional markets, namely Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia.
Launched in 1994 in Korea, Laneige is a cosmetic brand that promotes skin products with 'water science' technology. It targets consumers aged between 24 to 32 and is present in 13 countries globally.
"Social media is an important medium for any beauty brand. We look forward to leveraging on Blugrapes's expertise to help us build Laneige as a leading brand on social media" Violet Ho, deputy managing director, Amorepacific Corporation, ASEAN regional headquarters said.
Blugrapes' is also the social media agency for beauty brands such as Liese, Curel, St.Ives and Mod's.
Ryan Lim, founder & business director, Blugrapes said: "Our expertise in understanding and building women centric communities for brands will help build a stronger and deeper relationship between Laneige and its consumers."


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Viewing Parties Scheduled To Watch Alise Post Compete At Olympics
WAITE PARK - Viewing parties have been planned as St. Cloud's own Alise Post competes in the Olympics.
You can watch Post in the the BMX races at the Marcus Parkwood Cinema in Waite Park. The viewing parties are free and open to everyone.
The concession stands will be open.
Doors will open at 11:00 a.m. tomorrow (Wednesday) with the competition starting at 11:30 a.m. The doors will also open at 11:00 a.m. on Friday for the 11:30 a.m. semifinals and 1:00 p.m. finals.
Post is competing in her second Olympic games. She's looking for her first medal.
Post is a 2009 graduate of St. Cloud Tech high school.


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Boconcept Sofa Price #9 Sofa Bed / Contemporary / Leather / Fabric MADISON BoConcept .
Sofaso•fa (sō′fə),USA pronunciation n.
- a long, upholstered couch with a back and two arms or raised ends.
Priceprice (prīs),USA pronunciation n., v., priced, pric•ing.
- the sum or amount of money or its equivalent for which anything is bought, sold, or offered for sale.
- a sum offered for the capture of a person alive or dead: The authorities put a price on his head.
- the sum of money, or other consideration, for which a person's support, consent, etc., may be obtained, esp. in cases involving sacrifice of integrity: They claimed that every politician has a price.
- that which must be given, done, or undergone in order to obtain a thing: He gained the victory, but at a heavy price.
- odds (def. 2).
- [Archaic.]value or worth.
- [Archaic.]great value or worth (usually prec. by of ).
- at any price, at any cost, no matter how great: Their orders were to capture the town at any price.
- beyond or without price, of incalculable value;
priceless: The crown jewels are beyond price.
price′a•ble, adj.
- to fix the price of.
- to ask or determine the price of: We spent the day pricing furniture at various stores.
Sofaso•fa (sō′fə),USA pronunciation n.
- a long, upholstered couch with a back and two arms or raised ends.
Bedbed (bed),USA pronunciation n., v., bed•ded, bed•ding.
- a piece of furniture upon which or within which a person sleeps, rests, or stays when not well.
- the mattress and bedclothes together with the bedstead of a bed.
- the bedstead alone.
- the act of or time for sleeping: Now for a cup of cocoa and then bed.
- the use of a bed for the night;
lodging: I reserved a bed at the old inn.
- the marital relationship.
- any resting place: making his bed under a tree.
- something resembling a bed in form or position.
- a piece or area of ground in a garden or lawn in which plants are grown.
- an area in a greenhouse in which plants are grown.
- the plants in such areas.
- the bottom of a lake, river, sea, or other body of water.
- a piece or part forming a foundation or base.
- a layer of rock;
a stratum.
- a foundation surface of earth or rock supporting a track, pavement, or the like: a gravel bed for the roadway.
- the underside of a stone, brick, slate, tile, etc., laid in position.
- the upper side of a stone laid in position.
- the layer of mortar in which a brick, stone, etc., is laid.
- the natural stratification of a stone: a stone laid on bed.
- skirt (def. 6b).
- the flat surface in a printing press on which the form of type is laid.
- the body or, sometimes, the floor or bottom of a truck or trailer.
- a compact mass of a substance functioning in a reaction as a catalyst or reactant.
- the canvas surface of a trampoline.
- the smooth, wooden floor of a bowling alley.
- the slate surface of a billiard table to which the cloth is fastened.
- flesh enveloping the base of a claw, esp. the germinative layer beneath the claw.
- Also called mock, mock mold. [Shipbuilding.]a shaped steel pattern upon which furnaced plates for the hull of a vessel are hammered to shape.
- See bed and board.
- get up on the wrong side of the bed, to be irritable or bad-tempered from the start of a day: Never try to reason with him when he's gotten up on the wrong side of the bed.
- go to bed:
- to retire, esp. for the night.
- to engage in sexual relations.
- go to bed with, to have sexual intercourse with.
- in bed:
- beneath the covers of a bed.
- engaged in sexual intercourse.
- jump or get into bed with, to form a close, often temporary, alliance, usually with an unlikely ally: Industry was charged with jumping into bed with labor on the issue.
- make a bed, to fit a bed with sheets and blankets.
- make one's bed, to be responsible for one's own actions and their results: You've made your bed--now lie in it.
- put to bed:
- to help (a child, invalid, etc.) go to bed.
- to lock up (forms) in a press in preparation for printing.
- to work on the preparation of (an edition of a newspaper, periodical, etc.) up to the time of going to press.
- to provide with a bed.
- to put to bed.
- [Hort.]to plant in or as in a bed.
- to lay flat.
- to place in a bed or layer: to bed oysters.
- to embed, as in a substance: bedding the flagstones in concrete.
- to take or accompany to bed for purposes of sexual intercourse.
bed′less, adj.
- to have sleeping accommodations: He says we can bed there for the night.
- to form a compact layer or stratum.
- (of a metal structural part) to lie flat or close against another part.
- [Archaic.]to go to bed.
- bed down:
- to make a bed for (a person, animal, etc.).
- to retire to bed: They put out the fire and decided to bed down for the night.
bed′like′, adj.
Contemporarycon•tem•po•rar•y (kən tem′pə rer′ē),USA pronunciation adj., n., pl. -rar•ies.
- existing, occurring, or living at the same time;
belonging to the same time: Newton's discovery of the calculus was contemporary with that of Leibniz.
- of about the same age or date: a Georgian table with a contemporary wig stand.
- of the present time;
modern: a lecture on the contemporary novel.
con•tem′po•rar′i•ly, adv.
- a person belonging to the same time or period with another or others.
- a person of the same age as another.
con•tem′po•rar′i•ness, n.
Leatherleath•er (leᵺ′ər),USA pronunciation n.
- the skin of an animal, with the hair removed, prepared for use by tanning or a similar process designed to preserve it against decay and make it pliable or supple when dry.
- an article made of this material.
- See stirrup leather.
- pertaining to, made of, or resembling leather: leather processing; leather upholstery.
- catering to or patronized by customers who typically wear leather clothing, often as a means of signaling interest in or preference for sadomasochistic sexual activity.
- to cover or furnish with leather.
- [Informal.]to beat with a leather strap.
Fabricfab•ric (fab′rik),USA pronunciation n.
- a cloth made by weaving, knitting, or felting fibers: woolen fabrics.
- the texture of the woven, knitted, or felted material: cloth of a soft, pliant fabric.
- framework;
structure: the fabric of society.
- a building;
- the method of construction.
- the act of constructing, esp. of a church building.
- the maintenance of such a building.
- [Petrog.]the spatial arrangement and orientation of the constituents of a rock.
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You should utilize parenting rooms to precise milk, breastfeed, and care for your child. The anthropological literature is suffering from up to date examples of baby-rearing practices that will appal both Child Trainers and Natural Dad and mom: among the Hausa-Fulani of west Africa, for instance, there's a taboo in opposition to moms making eye contact with their children; the Swazi of southern Africa sometimes don't even identify a child until it's several months previous. But most youngsters raised that manner – presumably additionally like most of those infants smothered with butter or lard – end up high quality. It's laborious not to think of the seek for the precise methods as a fuss over nothing – or, extra to the point, the cause of added anxiousness we're vulnerable to transmitting to our youngsters.
The Searses, in any case, have one other agenda: they have described attachment parenting as the way God designed us to look after infantsâ€. Many critics have pointed out that strict adherence to their recommendation is essentially unimaginable for mothers with jobs – which sends an implicit message that a working mother isn't a good one. Recommendation literature is often learn by people seeking to assuage their worries – but it could be higher understood as an expression of an author's anxieties concerning the ways society is altering.
At present dominating the sensible-crib market is movie star sleep guru and pediatrician Harvey Karp's creation SNOO, self-proclaimed to be the "most secure and only baby mattress ever made." Just 5 years ago in his guide The Happiest Child Information to Nice Sleep, Karp was "thrilled to offer these easy – but surprising – steps to assist your infant sleep fantastically." Immediately, the $1,one hundred sixty (U.S.) SNOO senses a child's agitation stage and rocks, wiggles and soothes (with rain or womb white noise) accordingly. "Welcome to the twenty first century of parenting," its promo video says.
Certified employees in the Rainbow Kids Yoga and Power Vinyasa Yoga facilitate Mum or dad and Toddler Yoga, which gives fun, developmentally acceptable yoga with postures, games, rhymes and songs for toddlers to do with their parents or caregivers. Being physically lively and having a optimistic angle towards bodily exercise affects lifelong high quality of life: good physical health, constructive mental well being, and useful social relationships.
Relative to attachment parenting, father or mother-centered parenting represents emotional detachment from the child (as a result of tradition, work, delivery expertise). Typically the dad or mum-little one relationship is considered aggressive, a zero-sum recreation, where only one or the other can win. In conduct it means that the baby should minimally inconvenient the dad or mum, ought to comply with adult schedules as quickly as potential. In a piece-obsessed culture like ours, it typically seems to be the baseline view amongst journalists who publish on their opinions (e.g., The Case Towards Breastfeeding ); see right here for summaries of scientific information about breastfeeding).


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Muḥammad ibn Musallam ibn Dablān Mahirī
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al- Qiṣaṣ al-shaʻbī fī Ẓufār1 edition - first published in 2007
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Why Are Parents Bringing Their Children on Treacherous Treks to the U.S. Border?
"'Why would you undertake such a dangerous journey?' said Magdalena Escobedo, 32, who works at the migrant shelter here in Tucson, called Casa Alitas. 'When you've got a gun to your head, people threatening to rape your daughter, extort your business, force your son to work for the cartels. What would you do?''"
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USC defensive coordinator Travaris Robinson was back at Northwest Mississippi Junior College this week to meet with defensive back Kaleb Chalmers, the Greenwood native and former Clemson cornerback who is expected to sign next week with either the Gamecocks or Ole Miss.
"I talked to Kaleb and it looks like it's either Ole Miss or South Carolina," said Northwest Mississippi coach Benji Parker. "He's finishing up his finals and making sure that's squared away."
Chalmers made an official visit to South Carolina in November and is scheduled to visit Ole Miss this weekend. Parker said Chalmers has not indicated a favorite to him.
"He's home in South Carolina but I don't know what it's going to come down to," the coach said. "Kaleb has a great mom and dad and I would think he would want to be as close to them as possible. Now, that's my opinion, he didn't say that. But being able to be coached by Coach Muschamp, a pure defensive guy, that's pretty strong. I know he really likes Coach Robinson and Coach Muschamp, I've heard him say that."
Parker said Robinson spent much of his time on his visit this week checking on Chalmers' academics and he said as far as he knows Chalmers has done everything he is supposed to do to graduate and be eligible to transfer.
Chalmers will finish up with school at Northwest Friday and will return to Greenwood following his official visit to Ole Miss. The mid-year signing period for junior college recruits begins Dec. 14.


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Carreg offers private number plate owners the opportunity to sell their number plates through a new service that matches number plates to buyer on the Carreg database, if a match is found then the whole transfer procedure is handled by the Carreg team.
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