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Method for texturizing virtual three-dimensional objects
Method for texturizing virtual three-dimensional objects
Patent Drawings:
Date Issued:
April 22, 2014
Primary Examiner:
Li; Ruiping
Assistant Examiner:
Attorney Or Agent:
Sunstein Kann Murphy & Timbers LLP
U.S. Class:
Field Of Search:
International Class:
U.S Patent Documents:
Foreign Patent Documents:
Other References:
Kada et al: "Facade Texturing for Rendering 3D City Models", ASPRS 2005 Annual Conference, Mar. 7-11, 2005. cited by examiner.
Frueh et al: "Automated Texture Mapping of 3D City Models With Oblique Aerial Imagery", Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization, and Transmission, 2004. cited by examiner.
Bekins, et al., Build-by-Number: Rearranging the Real World to Visualize Novel Architectural Spaces; Visualization, IEEE Minneapolis, MN, Oct. 23, 2005, pp. 143-150; XP010853156. cited by applicant.
Vande Velde Linde, "Tele Atlas 3d navigable maps"; Workshop on Next Generation Internet, XX, Jun. 21, 2005, pp. 47-50; XP002449676. cited by applicant.
Notification of Transmittal of Translation of the International Preliminary Report on Patentability; International Preliminary Report on Patentability; English translation of Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority. cited byapplicant.
The invention relates to a method for texturizing virtual three-dimensional objects, particularly virtual three-dimensional building objects and city models with a photographic image (1) of a real object, particularly of a picture of a facade. The method is characterized by the following steps: Projecting the photographic image (1) onto a virtual surface (2) of the virtual three-dimensional object to produce a raw texture; localizing a raw texture element (3) in the raw texture by using a classification method; computer-compatible description of the localized raw texture element by a formal feature set for the raw texture element, particularly a feature vector; comparing the formal feature set of the raw texture element with each feature set of predefined library elements (4), and determining degrees of similarity between the raw texture element and each library element; replacing the localized raw texture element with at least one library element when a predefined degree of similarity is present, and reshaping the raw texture into a generalized texture (5) of the virtual object by replacing all raw texture elements with library elements.
What is claimed is:
1. Method for texturing a virtual three-dimensional object with a photographic image of a real object, the method comprising: obtaining a photographic image; projecting thephotographic image onto a virtual surface of the virtual three-dimensional object to generate a raw texture; localizing a raw texture element within the raw texture by using a classification method; describing the localized raw texture element in acomputerized manner by a formal attribute set for the raw texture element; comparing the formal attribute set of the raw texture element with an attribute set of predetermined library elements and determining similarity measures between the raw textureelement and a library element; and replacing the localized raw texture element with at least one library element if a predefined similarity measure is present, wherein the raw texture is transformed into a generalized texture of the virtual object byreplacing all localized raw texture elements with library elements.
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein the projected photographic image for generating the raw texture is obtained from a georeferenced terrestrial digital photograph.
3. Method according to claim 1, wherein the projected photographic image is obtained from one of a nadir aerial photograph and an oblique aerial photograph.
4. Method according to claim 1, further comprising image processing to improve the image by removing faults in the raw texture, specifically a reduction and/or elimination of disadvantageous shadow edges and blurrings by means of suitedmethods.
5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the classification method for localizing the raw texture element includes a detection of position, shape, color, surface and/or edge according to previously defined search parameters, whereby thelocalized raw texture element is selected at least in view of its position, shape, color, surface and/or edge structure and the like attributes.
6. Method according to claim 1, wherein if the attributes of the raw texture element, particularly a height and width and/or a picture element number, are scaling-dependent, the raw texture element is rescaled to a normalized reference quantityand the normalized reference quantity forms a part of the formal attribute set of the raw texture element.
7. Method according to claim 1, wherein scaling-independent attributes of the raw texture element, particularly color values, define an absolute reference quantity in the formal attribute set of the raw texture element.
8. Method according to claim 6, wherein the comparison of the formal attribute set of the raw texture element with the attribute set of a library element includes a comparison of the normalized reference quantities, wherein similarity isdetermined when a ratio between two attributes of the formal attribute set is invariant relative to a ratio between the corresponding two attributes of the attribute set of the library element.
9. Method according to claim 7, wherein the comparison of the formal attribute set of the raw texture element with the attribute set of a library element includes a comparison of the absolute reference quantities, whereby a test for a greatestpossible correspondence of the absolute reference quantities is carried out.
10. Method according to claim 8, wherein in the determination of the similarity measure a degree of correspondence of the absolute reference quantities and a stability of the invariant ratio is evaluated.
11. Method according to claim 1, wherein the similarity measure is defined in advance, with all library elements being outputted as selection alternatives for the raw texture element with a similarity measure lying within a tolerance range.
12. Method according to claim 1, wherein the replacement of the localized raw texture element with the library element is accomplished by cutting the point set of the raw texture element out of the raw texture and inserting the point set of theat least one library element into the raw texture.
13. Method according to claim 12, wherein the replacement includes a manual postprocessing step.
14. Method according to claim 1, wherein non-classified sections of the raw texture are inserted into the generalized texture as pixel groups, particularly bitmaps.
15. Method according to claim 1, wherein during the transformation of the raw texture into the generalized texture a tiling of the virtual object is carried out at least partially by a repeated insertion of an adapted library element.
16. Method according to claim 2, wherein image processing steps are carried out to improve the image by removing faults in the raw texture, specifically a reduction and/or elimination of disadvantageous shadow edges and blurrings by means ofsuited methods.
17. Method according to claim 3, wherein image processing steps are carried out to improve the image by removing faults in the raw texture, specifically a reduction and/or elimination of disadvantageous shadow edges and blurrings by means ofsuited methods.
18. Method according to claim 5, wherein for attributes of the raw texture element that are scaling-dependent, the raw texture element is rescaled to a normalized reference quantity and the normalized reference quantity forms a part of theformal attribute set of the raw texture element.
19. Method according to claim 5, wherein color value attributes of the raw texture element define an absolute reference quantity in the formal attribute set of the raw texture element.
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(1) Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method for texturing virtual three-dimensional objects, particularly virtual three-dimensional building objects and city models.
(2) Description of Related Art
With respect to a graphical representation of a virtual three-dimensional object generated by a computer, the texture or texturing, respectively, is the image displayed on the surface of the three-dimensional object. In a digital textured 3Dmodeling used for the planning of buildings or cities, for example, facade surfaces are displayed on the surface of the objects, which represent views of the facades of real objects, i.e. real houses or other buildings, with a certain recognition value.
For texturings of this type, two methods are currently available. In a first method, a photorealistic texturing is performed. A photographic image of the surface of the real object is projected onto the surface of the virtual object. As arule, picture editing methods are used for this purpose. In such a method, many details of the real object are reproduced due to the use of real image data, so that the virtual three-dimensional object allows a high informative content.
However, this method requires a high image quality of the photographic source material, which may not be guaranteed from the beginning and, depending on the image material, may be difficult to correct subsequently. In general, such a texturingalso requires a high degree of manual processing work, during which the textures of the virtual objects are checked for correctness one by one and the real photographic image data have to be adapted to the virtual object, especially scaled and, ifnecessary, freed from faults. Due to the use of real image data the generated virtual objects require a great data volume, and even if the representation of the object is scaled down, all image information of the original image material have to bestored together with the virtual object.
As an alternative, also a generic texturing may be applied. The graphical elements are positioned on the surface of the virtual object in the form of a schematic representation of the real object, so that the entire surface of the virtual modelis generated artificially. Such a representation reproduces fewer details of the real object. The so achieved informative content is much smaller than that of a photorealistic representation. It is, however, an advantage of such a method that alreadyprefabricated graphical elements are used according to the modular design principle, so that a high degree of automation can be achieved. Also, the generated virtual objects are significantly smaller as far as their data volumes are concerned ascompared to the photorealistically textured 3D objects.
In the practical use of virtual 3D objects, where it should, on the one hand, be possible to reproduce and process the three-dimensional model with as many details as possible while keeping the storage capacity low, it shows very frequently thatthere is no practicable method to ensure a great richness of details for the 3D objects on the one hand, and a low data volume on the other hand. In many cases, the optimum reproduction of a real object in the virtual model is exactly at a pointsomewhere between the photorealistic and the generic representation, a virtual object need not reproduce all details of the real object, but the purely generic representation of the object is too rough and short of details.
Also, both texturing methods require in many cases a very considerable manual expenditure. Depending on the complexity of the object in the specific case, the texturing may constitute up to 60% of the overall expenditure of a project. Intypical projects, where three-dimensional city models are generated on the computer, currently--despite highly effective individual solutions in some cases--a great amount of work has to be accomplished manually, so that thousands of man hours of highlyspecialized technical personnel may be necessary.
Therefore, it is the object to provide a method, by means of which the time expenditure needed for the texturing can be reduced significantly by an extensive automation, so that the cost efficiency and, last but not least, also thecompetitiveness can be improved considerably. Specifically, the operator is to be relieved from the time-consuming and wearisome activity entailed by transforming the object views into the texture of the three-dimensional objects.
Moreover, it is the object to make the use of oblique aerial photographs, which are obtained as air photographs, available to large-scale projects by automated procedures, and to combine the effective acquisition of real object surfaces and realtextures with a possibly fast and effective transformation into textures for virtual three-dimensional objects.
Finally, it is the object to provide a method for texturing virtual three-dimensional objects, in which the texture of the virtual object corresponds with sufficient exactness to the photorealistic representation, while the storage capacity ofthe virtual object is reduced to a maximum and approximately corresponds to the generic texturing. Specifically, the texturing method is to guarantee that the characteristic properties of the represented objects, which are visible in the photorealisticrepresentation, are reproduced on the virtual object to a greatest possible extent or as completely as possible, although the virtual object has a substantially generic surface. Specifically, the method is to allow that the picture of the real objectcan be transferred into the generic representation as individually as possible and with a maximum of automation.
The objects are achieved with a method for texturing virtual three-dimensional objects, particularly virtual three-dimensional building objects and city objects, with a photographic image of a real object, particularly a picture of a facade. The method is characterized by the following inventive method steps:
In a first step, the photographic image is projected onto the corresponding surface of the virtual three-dimensional object to generate a raw texture.
Within the raw texture, a raw texture element is localized by using a classification method. The localized raw texture element is described in a computerized manner by a formal attribute set, particularly an attribute vector.
The formal attribute set of the raw texture element is compared with an attribute set of predetermined library elements, and similarity measures between the raw texture element and a library element are determined.
The localized raw texture element is now replaced by a library element, which has a similarity measure of a defined size and/or quantity. In connection therewith, finally the raw texture is transformed into a generalized texture of the virtualobject by replacing all raw texture elements by library elements.
Thus, the method according to the invention is based on the idea to collect at first possibly all structure-forming elements on a photorealistic texture, i.e. the raw texture elements which substantially define the appearance of the texture. This includes, for example, the shape and color of the facade and the plaster, especially decorative elements on the facade, windows and rows of windows, doors, balconies and the like shapes and structures, which are recognizable in a photorealisticimage of the real object. Thus, this step represents the detection and localization of the respective raw texture element.
This localization is combined with a classification method, whereby the characteristics of the raw texture element, e.g. color, shape, size, location and position are captured in the photograph image and are stored.
The so detected characteristics form a formal set of attributes or an attribute vector, respectively, by means of which a raw texture element can uniquely and comparably be defined, detected and edited for a subsequent data processing.
This formal set of attributes is now compared with attribute sets of predetermined library elements. It may also be used for the construction of library elements.
The library elements are picture components or picture elements, from which a generalized texture can be assembled. The comparison between the formal attribute set and the attribute set of the library element is intended to find a suitedlibrary element by which the raw texture element can be replaced. To this end, a similarity measure between the formal attribute set of the raw texture element and the attribute set of the library element is determined.
Provided that the similarity measure corresponds to a predefined value, e.g. a maximum, a threshold or a defined tolerance range, the raw texture element is now replaced by the respective library element. Now, the library element appears in thetexture at the place of the previous raw texture element.
By replacing additional raw texture elements by corresponding library elements, thus, a generalized texture is generated from the total original raw texture. This means that the generalized texture is built up on the basis of the identifieddetails of the raw texture. As a result of the comparison between the raw texture element and the library element it shows a greatest possible similarity to the raw texture, with a great and defined degree of detail. However, due to the generic basicstructure its data volume is minimal. The capturing of the raw texture elements, the attribute classification thereof and the comparison of their attributes with the attributes of the library elements is formalized and automated, the insertion of thelibrary elements is accomplished by image processing steps, which are likewise automated. Thus, the generation of the generalized texture is largely automatic.
The photographic image for generating the raw texture may derive from various sources. Particularly advantageous is the use of a georeferenced terrestrial digital photograph, where the location and the direction of the shot can be uniquelyidentified in the terrestrial coordinate system. Also, such a photograph is already available in a digital form.
Another advantageous source for the projected photographic image is an air photograph, particularly a nadir or an oblique aerial photograph.
Expediently, image processing steps are carried out to improve the image by removing faults in the raw texture, specifically a reduction and/or elimination of disadvantageous shadow edges and a deblurring and/or improving the definition. Thus,it is avoided that artefacts, which exclusively result, for example, from exposure conditions during the shooting of the image data, are treated as raw texture elements in the further course of the procedure.
The classification method for localizing the raw texture element includes a detection of position, shape, color, surfaces and/or edges according to previously defined search parameters, whereby the localized raw texture element is selected atleast in view of its position in the raw texture, its shape, color and/or edge structure and the like attributes.
Such a procedure entails, for example, that doors or windows on a facade are detected and are identified to be different from other facade elements, such as stucco strips or downpipes, due to their rectangular shape. Moreover, structures suchas window crosses and skylights are additionally identified. The so detected object is identified, for example, as a window, especially as a window with a skylight or window cross, respectively.
Usefully, scalable attributes of the raw texture element, particularly the height and width and/or picture element numbers of the raw texture element, are rescaled to a normalized reference quantity. This reference quantity then forms a part ofthe formal attribute set of the raw texture element. Such an approach reduces the library elements which might be necessary for the exchange of a raw texture element. Thus, it is particularly possible to provide substantially only one library elementfor a number of windows that have an invariable height/width ratio, even when being rescaled. The normalized reference quantity now makes it possible to perform a very simple comparison between the raw texture element and the library element and to testthe correspondence of both elements in an uncomplicated manner.
Scaling-independent attributes of the raw texture element, particularly color values, represent a predominantly absolute reference quantity in the formal attribute set of the raw texture element. However, a color scaling for differentlyilluminated parts of the facades is possible, for example, to represent effects of light and shadows. One example for this is a facade color tone which does not experience any change even if the size of the facade is scaled. Such an attribute can onlyadopt an absolute value and, therefore, can be compared in absolute terms only.
The comparison of the formal attribute set of the raw texture element with the attribute set of a library element includes a comparison of the normalized reference quantities, with a similarity test being carried out between a first normalizedreference quantity and a second normalized reference quantity.
In this test it is proceeded from the fact that ratios of sizes remain invariant in similarity representations. Accordingly, a raw texture element and a library element are similar if this test entails a positive result. The library elementcan, in this case, be transferred into the raw texture element by a similarity transformation, thereby overlapping with its shape the image area of the raw texture element.
The comparison of the formal attribute set of the raw texture element with the attribute set of the library element further includes a comparison of the absolute reference quantities, whereby a test for a greatest possible correspondence of theabsolute reference quantities is carried out.
This test substantially detects the degree of correspondence between absolute quantities, e.g. color values. It is a direct comparison between characteristics of the raw texture element and the library element, wherein an adaptation of the nextbest available variant of the library element to the raw texture element is, in principle, possible by correspondingly varying the respective absolute quantity of the library element.
In the determination of the similarity measure between the formal attribute set of the raw texture element and the attribute set of the library element a degree of correspondence of the absolute reference quantities and/or a stability of theinvariant ratios is determined. The greatest similarity measure between the raw texture element and the library element is obtained if the absolute reference quantities correspond to each other sufficiently well in an optionally narrow tolerance rangeand the ratios between the normalized reference quantities are as stable as possible.
In an expedient embodiment the similarity measure is defined in advance. All library elements are here outputted as selection alternatives with a similarity measure lying within a tolerance range to act as possible replacements for the rawtexture element, sorted according to the similarity value.
The replacement of the raw texture element by the library element is accomplished by cutting the point set of the raw texture element out of the raw texture and inserting the point set of the library element into the raw texture. Basically, acut-out/insert method known as cut and copy is carried out, where as many areas of the raw texture as possible are replaced by library elements so as to transfer the raw texture into the generalized texture as completely as possible.
This replacement procedure expediently includes a manual postprocessing, allowing possibly required corrections to be made.
In practice, this is accomplished by inserting sections, that are not classified in the raw texture, into the generalized texture, expediently as pixel groups, specifically bitmaps. These non-classified areas, e.g. ornaments having acomplicated shape, then represent an image component subsequently inserted into the generalized texture.
To achieve an economical use of process capacities, especially of storage resources and computation time, an at least partial tiling of the virtual object with a periodic sequence of a library element adapted to a raw texture element can beperformed when the raw texture is transformed into the generalized texture, whereby library elements are substantially adapted only for one location of the raw texture, with these adapted elements being joined in a tile-like manner and covering thevirtual object.
The method according to the invention shall be explained in more detail by means of an embodiment in connection with FIGS. 1 to 8. Like reference numbers shall be used for like or equally acting method steps and components.
In the figures:
FIG. 1 shows an exemplary terrestrial photograph of a house facade in a black and white coding,
FIG. 2 shows a virtual three-dimensional object generated for the house facade of FIG. 1, in a view corresponding to the photograph of FIG. 1,
FIG. 3 shows basic method steps in a general representation,
FIG. 4 shows exemplary raw texture elements on the previously shown facade picture,
FIG. 5 shows scalings and comparisons of attribute sets between the raw texture element and the library element by the example of a window and a window cross,
FIG. 6 shows an exemplary tree structure for some library elements,
FIG. 7 shows replacements of raw texture elements by library elements by the example of some window shapes,
FIG. 8 shows replacements of non-classified raw texture structures by the example of stucco elements of a doorway arch.
FIG. 1 shows a facade picture 1, and FIG. 2 shows the pertinent surface of the correspondingly generated virtual three-dimensional object 2 in a perspective corresponding to the picture of FIG. 1. The facade picture shown in FIG. 1 has beengenerated in the form of a terrestrial digital photograph. Expediently, the terrestrial image is georeferenced. This means that the location of the photographic device in the coordinate system of the earth and the orientation thereof with respect tothe coordinate axes at the shooting location is uniquely known.
Instead of the terrestrial photograph, also oblique or nadir aerial photographs can be used. The virtual three-dimensional object shown in FIG. 2 is a contour abstracted from the real object, i.e. the facade or the pertinent house, theboundaries of which reproduce the body boundaries of the real object at a reduced scale with sufficient exactness. Specifically, the virtual contour must be exact enough to allow the insertion of the captured facade picture on the corresponding rim ofthe virtual object true to size and free of distortion.
The comparison of the representations shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 shows that building shapes and contours, such as dormers or also continuous facade lines, may be used as references and reference points for the adaptation of the facade picture tothe rim of the virtual three-dimensional object.
FIG. 3 shows basic method steps of the method according to the invention. In a method step a, the facade picture 1 is applied as texture onto the virtual three-dimensional object, onto a surface provided therefor. This texture will be referredto as raw texture below. To generate the raw texture, software modules already provided for this purpose may by used, which are normally used for generating photorealistic textures. Thus, the generation of the raw texture is substantially accomplishedfully automatically.
Immediately after the generation of the raw texture, or already prior to the generation thereof, an image processing may be carried out on the set of the picture elements of the facade picture so as to improve the image quality and prepare thestructure recognitions. This concerns above all shadow shapes and disturbing edge structures caused by the same on the image data. To this end, above all a deblurring of the edges may be performed, or their definition may be improved.
It is particularly advantageous and, as a rule, necessary for a subsequent identification of raw texture elements to transform an originally colored facade picture into a facade picture in the form of a copy in a gray tone or black and whitemode. After such a color transformation, windows and window crosses stand out against a lighter facade background by very distinct black surfaces intersected by light lines, which can be seen in the figures. Such a transformation is also advantageousif the structure of facade designs with different colors is to be identified. In the example of FIG. 3, particularly the strip-shaped clinker elements are well identifiable as a result of transforming the image into the black and white mode.
However, during a reduction to a black and white image representation many information get lost because a great amount of different color values are mapped to only a few b/w values, whereby the thresholds for the allocation between the colorrange and the black and white range are chosen more or less arbitrarily. This problem can be avoided by using a classificator capable of analyzing colors. It allows the detectability of the raw texture elements in respect of their contour, with anallocation of library elements if different colors are concerned.
In a step b, the classification method is applied to the so generated raw texture, whereby special raw texture elements 3, e.g. window structures or other facade elements such as balconies, doors, stucco etc., are localized on the raw texture onthe one hand, and are compared with previously stored library elements 4 on the other hand. In the example shown, the raw texture elements are formed as windows, which have a typical rectangular shape with a certain ratio between height and width andtypical shapes of window crosses, and which moreover show a typical color or contrast effect. As library elements 4 image elements are available, to which the captured raw texture elements are compared in respect of their attributes. The localizationof the raw texture elements, the description thereof and the comparison thereof with the library elements forms the classification method step. The conclusion thereof is the selection of a library element which reproduces the characteristics of the rawtexture element with a particularly great similarity. A detailed explanation of the classification shall be given below.
By using the library elements, the entire raw texture is transformed to a generalized texture 5 in a final step c, whereby all classified raw texture elements, i.e. windows and other structures on the facade, are replaced by library elements andthe generic texture is assembled according to the modular design principle. In the example shown in FIG. 3, all windows from the raw structure and the clinker structures extending over the facade as vertical strips are replaced by the correspondinglibrary elements.
The classification of exemplary raw texture elements shall be explained in more detail below.
FIG. 4 shows some exemplary raw texture elements, especially windows and stucco elements. The exemplary facade picture comprises two different dormer windows 31 and 32. In this example, dormer window 31 consists of two single windows locatedclosely adjacent to each other. Dormer window 32 is a single window with a T-shaped window cross. Window 31 and window 32 both stand clearly out against the background with their white frames.
In this example, windows 33, 34 and 35 substantially have black shapes, broken by a white T-shaped window cross, which clearly stand out against the substantially white background of the facade. The shape of window 36 corresponds substantiallyto that of windows 33 to 35, but is influenced by an object located behind the panes, which affects the black pane surfaces and makes them appear inhomogeneous. This effect is more clearly shown in another window 36, where a curtain affects the blackstructure of the pane and nearly renders the design of the window cross irrecognizable.
Finally, stucco elements 37, 38 and 39 are provided, which may be considered as additional raw texture elements and the contour of which is indistinct against the background of the facade.
The raw texture elements 31 and 32 or 33 to 35, respectively, can be localized on the black-and-white-coded picture by a shape recognition. To this end, the picture elements of the raw texture are evaluated, wherein the areas of the black panesstanding out against the white surroundings and the shape of the window crosses are read out by a software. Above all, the rectangular shape of the black window contours and the regular arrangement thereof with respect to each other are identified. Inthis image recognition, the white window crosses form white sets of picture elements arranged in strips of a well-defined width and length, which are inserted between the rectangular black surfaces of the window panes. The picture element set formed ofwhite strips and black surfaces, together with the position thereof in the picture, is then identified as a raw texture element and read out.
To search for and identify windows, particularly window distributions assumed a priori are used on the facade surface. Thus, if the facade surface has a height of 15 m, it is assumed that the represented building has four floors each with aheight of 3.75 m. Based on these starting parameters a search for four rows of windows at a corresponding distance is proposed and possibly executed. It shows that such a proposal automatism shows surprisingly good results.
Inhomogeneities such as in connection with the window structure 36 can usually be removed or suppressed by an image processing, which precedes the localization of the raw texture elements. To this end, on principle several image processings arepossible. Specifically, inhomogeneities can be removed by color-coding the facade picture in an expedient manner. Regular structures such as window frames and window crosses thus stand out due to their uniform coloring and are then easier to identifyfor the structure recognition. The black and white coding shown in the figure is particularly advantageous if regular structures are to be localized on a light facade. As a rule, when processing the images in such a way, the correspondingly recodedimage is then used as a copy for the structure recognition.
The stucco elements 37 and 39 are characterized by irregular and complicated structures, which clearly stand out against the unstructured and white facade, however. Such areas can be read out either as surfaces with a certain average gray tone,or these image areas can be cut out in the form of a bitmap. Corresponding method steps shall be explained in more detail below.
FIG. 5 shows an example of the classification method used for a window cross. The figure shows a raw texture element obtained by the image recognition on the left. In order to classify the raw texture element, the set of picture elementsdetermined in the image recognition has to be compared with a library element 4. To this end, a structure comparison, a size comparison and a color comparison are substantially performed, for which purpose attribute sets between the raw texture elementand the library element are compared.
The size of the raw texture element plays a significant role in the attribute set thereof. Of importance is, in this case, not primarily the absolute size of the raw texture element, however, because it varies with each scaling action and can,therefore, not be compared with an absolute size of a library element. It is rather checked when comparing the size of the raw texture element with that of the library element whether the dimensions comply with the geometric laws for similaritytransformations.
FIG. 5 shows, for example, a raw texture element 3 with a width b and a height h.sub.1. Moreover, the raw texture element comprises a window cross, the transverse beam of which is located at a height h.sub.2, while the vertical beam of thewindow cross divides the width of the raw texture element at a foot ratio b.sub.1/b.sub.2. It may be assumed that a raw texture element and an optional library element correspond to each other with respect to their shapes if the ratio of sizes ofoptional sections in the raw texture element and the library element, respectively, coincide. On this condition, a library element can be scaled to the shape of the raw texture element by means of the similarity transformation.
Advantageously, ratios of sizes for an attribute set of the raw texture element are now determined. In the example of FIG. 5, above all, the ratio of sizes between width and height b/h.sub.1=v.sub.1, the ratio between the height of thetransverse beam and the total height h.sub.2/h.sub.1=v.sub.2 and the foot ratio b.sub.1/b.sub.2=v.sub.3 offer themselves.
Moreover, color information of individual image areas of the raw texture element are read out from the image data of the raw texture. In the example shown, especially the colors f.sub.1 and f.sub.2 of the window surfaces and the window cross orthe color f.sub.3 of the window frame are significant. The exemplary attribute set of the raw texture element can then be represented as a formal attribute vector, which completely describes the raw texture element. m=(v.sub.1;v.sub.2;v.sub.3;f.sub.1;f.sub.2;f.sub.3)
The values of the attribute vector m remain unchanged even if the raw texture element is scaled. In the raw texture element 3', for example, the ratios v.sub.1 to v.sub.3 and f.sub.1 to f.sub.3 remain constant, although the dimensions of theraw texture element now being smaller have adopted other values.
FIG. 5 shows in contrast thereto a library element 4 to which, in analogy to the characteristic values defined in relation to the raw texture element, a comparable attribute vector is allocated from the very beginning. The ratio of width andheight B/H.sub.1=V.sub.1, the ratio of the height of the transverse beam to the total height H.sub.2/H.sub.1=V.sub.2 and the foot ratio B.sub.1/B.sub.2=V.sub.3 of the library element as well as the color values F.sub.1, F.sub.2, F.sub.3 of the colorareas of the library element are defined in exactly the same manner and are combined to an attribute vector M of the library element: M=(V.sub.1;V.sub.2;V.sub.3;F.sub.1;F.sub.2;F.sub.3)
For the classification, the attribute vector m of the raw texture element is compared to the attribute vector of the library element component by component, whereby a similarity measure between both vectors is determined. The tolerances for thedeviations of the individual values in the comparison may be predefined and basically be varied as desired. Advantageously, the tolerance ranges for the deviations of the ratios v.sub.n and V.sub.n in both vectors are chosen to be tighter and thedeviation tolerances for the deviations of the color values are chosen to be greater. A correct reproduction of the size or the ratios of sizes of the raw texture element by the library element is, accordingly, more important than a correct colorreproduction. Of course, such preferences can be selected differently according to the requirement.
As to the color values f.sub.n and F.sub.n, the standard color systems for image processing programs, specifically the RGB or CMYK systems, may be used. In the example shown in FIG. 5, three library elements are available for selection, each ofwhich have color values F.sub.1a, F.sub.2a, F.sub.3a; F.sub.1b, F.sub.2b, F.sub.3b, and F.sub.1c, F.sub.2c, F.sub.3c. The finally chosen library element corresponds, in the example shown, to the library element with the colors F.sub.1b, F.sub.2b,F.sub.3b. Thus, the raw texture element is classified with respect to its color as well as its size.
FIG. 6 shows an exemplary and strongly simplified tree structure for the management of library elements. The library elements in this embodiment are primarily organized according to functional criteria. For example, library elements forwindows, doors, facade surfaces etc. are contained. Basically, it is also possible to organize library elements according to other criteria, particularly purely graphical ones. In this case, the tree would include a branch for rectangular, circular,elliptical and the like other library elements, regardless of their functional references. Such an alternative tree structure would insofar be more advantageous as the raw texture elements are localized by the image processing mainly by means of theshape.
Moreover, also two tree structures may be provided as a combination, with the library elements being simultaneously managed in both ways.
The classification of the library elements according to their function does have certain advantages, however. Specifically, a user can predefine in advance that raw texture elements, which are captured within a specific predetermined imagesection in the raw texture, are treated exclusively as a window or exclusively as a door or the like element, respectively. In a way, this allows a faster classification of the raw texture elements because, for example, a raw texture element having aT-shaped image structure, which is not in the proximity of the lower image edge, refers to a window. In this case, in order to find the correct library element, a search algorithm would not search among all rectangular shapes, but would switch to thedirectory "windows" right away.
In the example shown herein there are provided a directory A.sub.1 for high rectangular windows, a directory A.sub.2 for wide rectangular windows and a directory A.sub.3 for round or differently shaped windows. The directory A.sub.2 likewiseincludes additional subgroups A.sub.21 and A.sub.22, which are related to different divisions of the window surface.
The exact relationships between height and width of the library elements according to the description in connection with FIG. 5 need not be fixed from the beginning, however. They may be changed at any time by variations, by stretching orshrinking the height and width. The logical differentiation between high and wide rectangular windows is, however, sensible in so far as, according to experience, certain window cross shapes are only used for certain window types.
Thus, the directory A.sub.1 includes a subgroup A.sub.11 for windows with a skylight, a subgroup A.sub.12 for bipartite windows with a skylight, and a subgroup A.sub.13 for bipartite windows with a bipartite skylight. The library elements ofthe respective subgroup are linked with attribute vectors which are characterized by different sets of parameters. Thus, for example, the attribute vectors of the subgroup A.sub.11 do not comprise a parameter for the above-mentioned foot ratio becauseno window cross is provided.
The mathematical configuration of the attribute vector, i.e. the number of the parameters and components provided, accordingly represents the graphical construction of the library element. Expediently, the database for the library elementscontains primarily data vectors and data fields, which are dimensioned in correspondence with the attribute vectors, but substantially no graphic representations or images of the library elements themselves. Graphically, the library elements aregenerated by corresponding program routines only when the corresponding partial areas of the generalized texture are generated.
Thus, the volume of the database can be kept very compact. Moreover, predefining the structure of the attribute vectors and some boundary conditions permits, for example, to represent the aforementioned directories of type A.sub.1 and A.sub.2by one single configuration of the attribute vector, whereby the components of this attribute vector are varied in correspondence with the library elements contained in the directories or are assigned corresponding values, respectively.
It will be appreciated that according to the description of FIG. 5, a number of color models for the respective library elements are stored in any of the subdirectories, with an attribute vector with a corresponding set of parameters accordingto the preceding description being assigned to each individual library element. Moreover, also different library elements with different height/width ratios can be predefined in advance as fixed models with fixed characteristics. These fixed modelswith defined parameters in the attribute vectors may be used in a very rough and simple procedure for the standardized replacement of raw texture elements.
The directory T comprises library elements for doors. As per expedient definition, doors are all raw texture elements which are located in the area of a lower image edge or a lower edge of the three-dimensional virtual object or the rawtexture, respectively. Exemplary subdirectories are formed by a directory T.sub.1 for single doors and a directory T.sub.2 for double doors.
Moreover, a directory for facade surfaces is provided. This directory substantially comprises fill patterns or fill images with different colors and structures, which are dimensioned according to a pattern recognition executed on the rawtexture. Thus, for example, there is provided a directory P.sub.1 for rough plaster and a directory P.sub.2 for a clinker facade. The library elements stored in these directories are substantially bitmaps or other graphics files in which patterns arestored via defined brightness and color values, which are compared to given structures in the raw texture. In the simplest case, the area P contains a simple color palette with different color values, which are compared to colors on the raw texture.
The different subdirectories and the different library elements stored in the same, respectively, may also be combined. Thus, for example, a color surface of a library element A "window" can be filled with a color or a pattern from thesubdirectory P "pattern", whereby a first routine determines according to the above description the shape and type of the library element "window", while a second routine determines and classifies the exact color or pattern structures from the rawtexture. Therefore, it should be pointed out in this connection that the individual subdirectories and sections in the tree diagram of FIG. 6 may be assigned different classification routines.
Another domain of the library elements, which is not shown herein, is defined by simple decorative elements for facades, e.g. cornices, keystones, simple stucco elements etc., whose assignment to corresponding raw texture elements issubstantially accomplished by a combination of shape recognition and scaling, as was already described in connection with the example shown in FIG. 5.
The replacement of raw texture elements by the library elements is accomplished by cutting them out and replacing them. This means that the area of the classified raw texture element in the raw texture is cut out and replaced by the libraryelement. Here, it may be necessary that the library element has to be scaled in respect of its size.
FIG. 7 shows some exemplary replacements of raw texture elements by library elements by the example of windows with facade decorations. The examples shown in FIG. 7 are to illustrate above all how the generated; generalized texture 5 isassembled from modules. The figure shows the raw textures on the left side and the generalized texture generated therefor on the right side. Example a) shows a window with a triangular stucco element 40a, a rectangular section 41a underneath the sameand a window lintel 42a. Moreover, columnar flanks 43a are provided. The window surface 44a is formed of a window cross with a divided skylight.
In this example, the stucco element 40a in the generalized texture 5 is replaced by a triangle 40b, which is partly filled with a darker color so as to imitate the shadow structure of the stucco element 40a. Section 41a is replaced by arectangle 41b enclosed by darker sections on the left and right. The window lintel 42a and the flanks 43b are also replaced by rectangles. According to the preceding description, a corresponding library element is used for the window surface 44b. Theelements 40b, 41b, 42b, 43b and 44b now define the generalized texture 5 of the raw texture element in question, that is, of the window shown on the left.
In example b), the raw texture element comprises flanks 43a of a simpler design, and a window surface 44a only showing a transverse beam. In addition to these simple attributes, however, a decorative element 45a is provided, which shows arelatively complicated picture motif, in this example a lion's head.
This lion's head represents a non-classifiable element. This means that either its structure cannot be detected in an image recognition, or that no library element exists for its structure. In this case, the image area of the lion's head istransferred as bitmap 45b into the generalized texture illustrated on the right. Together with the library elements 43b and 44b the bitmap 45b forms the corresponding generalized texture in example b) of FIG. 7. This generalized texture simultaneouslyforms a mixture of one section of the raw texture element and multiple replacements by individual library elements. Thus, the raw texture element can be transferred into the generalized texture with sufficient exactness, with the attribute of the lion'shead being preserved.
Example c) shows a raw texture element in the form of a window with an undecorated frame and a wedge-shaped keystone 47a in connection with a clinker facade 46a. In the generalized texture on the right the keystone is formed by a libraryelement 47b in the form of a trapezoid. The clinker facade was classified in a pattern recognition and is replaced by a library element 46b with a corresponding fill structure "wall".
Specific combinations of individual library elements are combined and stored in special visualization libraries to allow a fast visualization/use of the textured models. A visualization library is here usable for one or more projects.
FIG. 8 shows a final example for a treatment of non-classifiable structures in the raw texture. In this example, a doorway arch is shown, which comprises a lion's head as a first raw texture 48a, various ornaments 49a and 50a. The comparisonwith the generalized texture 5 shows that, in this example, the raw textures 48a and 49a were transferred into the generalized texture as bitmaps, while the raw texture 50a is a picture section provided with a uniform color filling and now forms acomponent 50b of the generalized texture. Such a treatment of non-classifiable raw texture structures is above all useful if extensive areas with memory-intensive picture element structures are not classifiable and if the transfer of these structures asbitmaps would therefore result in relatively complicated generalized textures. In this case, for example, a mean color or brightness value of the area in question can be determined and used as filling for the respective area of the generalized texture.
Instead of replacing each single facade element by an elementary library element, the method can be simplified significantly by tiling the virtual object. This always offers itself if highly periodic facade structures have to be reproduced,which is specifically the case with panelized building structures and apartment houses.
One reason for this approach results from the formal operating principle of standard visualization software and from the necessity to increase the visualization speed of the textured virtual object, because the textured model objects to bedisplayed in real-time have to be assembled in a dynamic process from the vector data of the building body and the addressed elements of the supplied library during the visualization.
Instead of the replacement of individual elementary library elements described above, a tile structure is generated from repeated library elements, which covers the total surface of the textured object. This particularly means that instead ofthe individual attributes, such as a window of type A and a facade color of type B, an adapted wall element is generated, which contains combined attributes of types A/B. By a cyclic repetition this combined element completely fills the textured surface. This procedure has proved to be very effective.
Of course, with all generated generalized textures, or during the generation of the generalized textures, respectively, a "manual" image postprocessing is possible, i.e. by using an image processing program, so as to compensate certaininaccuracies. To this end, the generalized texture is outputted in the form of a known image data format, whereby vectorized data formats allowing scalings are particularly expedient. Especially scalable SVG vector graphics have proved to be verysuitable for this purpose.
The method was explained by means of embodiments. The person skilled in the art will appreciate that modifications to the illustrated embodiments may be made without departing from the fundamental idea of the invention. Other modifications andembodiments are particularly defined in the dependent claims.
1 facade picture 2 virtual three-dimensional object 3 raw texture element 4 library element 5 generalized texture 31 raw texture element first dormer window 32 raw texture element second dormer window 33 raw texture element first window 34 rawtexture element second window 35 raw texture element third window 36 raw texture element with inhomogeneous structure 37 raw texture element, stucco 38 raw texture element, stucco 39 raw texture element, stucco 40a raw texture element, stucco element,triangular 40b library element, triangle filled with color 41a raw texture element, rectangular window lintel 41b library element, rectangular shape 42a raw texture element, window lintel 42b library element, rectangle 43a raw texture element, flank 43blibrary element, rectangle 44a raw texture element, window surface with window cross 44b library element, window surface with cross 45a raw texture, lion's head 45b transferred bitmap, lion's head in generalized texture 46a raw texture, clinker facade46b library element, fill structure wall 48a raw texture lion 48b generalized texture, inserted bitmap 49a raw texture first ornament 49b generalized texture, inserted bitmap 50a raw texture second ornament 50b generalized texture, homogeneous colorfilling b raw texture element, width h.sub.1 raw texture element, height h.sub.2 raw texture element, height transverse beam window cross v.sub.1 raw texture element, width/height ratio v.sub.2 raw texture element, transverse beam/total height ratiov.sub.3 raw texture element, foot ratio f.sub.n raw texture element, color value different areas m raw texture element, formal attribute vector B library element, width H.sub.1 library element, height H.sub.2 library element, height transverse beamwindow cross V.sub.1 library element, width/height ratio V.sub.2 library element, transverse beam/total height ratio V.sub.3 library element, foot ratio F.sub.n library element, color value different sections M attribute vector, library element A.sub.1directory high rectangular windows A.sub.11 windows with skylight A.sub.12 windows, bipartite with skylight A.sub.13 windows, bipartite, bipartite skylight A.sub.2 directory broad rectangular windows A.sub.3 directory round windows T directory doorsT.sub.1 single doors T.sub.2 double doors P.sub.1 structure directory rough plaster P.sub.2 structure directory clinker facade
* * * * *
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text:
These are 2 great ideas I found for creative and diyable chandeliers :
The first is made out of cutlery !!!
The second is made out of a large number of BIC pens !!!
Very nice, easy and original idea !!!
Wednesday, January 2, 2008
DIY Chandeliers !!!
Posted by Anna_Carina at 9:23 AM
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
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text:
1 results for 'trees'
The War on Christmas
... with the word Christmas.
The problem for some of the intelligentsia is that many of the symbols and behaviours the west associates with Christmas predate the birth of Jesus and are therefore not necessarily directly associated with Christmas. Note, for example, Christmas carols, Christmas trees, mistletoe, holly wreaths and yule logs, all have pre-Christian origins.
Christmas Day is recognized as an official federal holiday by the United States government, yet many groups, such as the American Civil Liberties Union and Americans United for Separation of Church and State, argue... (more)
Tags: religion, islam, jesus, christmas, holidays, america, britain, canada, scotland, trees, hannukah, seasonal
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Days Until The First Oilers Game: 24 – Steve Staios
Today's Player: Steady Steve. We traded this eight year Oilers veteran to Calgary because our then GM was a fucking idiot.
Career Oilers Stats:
Why We Liked Him:
What was that old Canadian PSA? Nobody's good at everything, but everybody's good at something?
Steve's thing was blocking shots. He was the godfather of shot blocks. They started counting shots blocked (at even strength) in 2007, and during Steve's tenure with the Oilers he averaged 2.15 per game. Again, that's ONLY on even strength. Not even the PK. Over two times per game he would willingly step in front of a shot 5v5. What a psychopath. But my God he was good at it. The eight year Oilers vet wore a letter during the latter portion of his career with the Cop 'n Blue. And then Steve Stambellini did the unthinkable and traded him to Calgary for Aaron fucking Johnson (and a third round pick, steal). That was the first trade EVER between the two franchises. This was the human being responsible for rebuilding us.
Why We Didn't Like Him:
Steve's thing was blocking shots, which was great, because he didn't really have anything else. He scored 35 goals in 573 games. His last four years he went -43. And he had this really weird relationship with Ethan Moreau. They for sure swapped wives once or twice.
Where Is He Now?
He was an assistant coach with the Leafs, and actually survived their recent mutiny. However, instead of staying on the sinking ship, Steve elected to take the president position with the OHL's Hamilton Bulldogs. Every time I see somebody attempt a shot block, I think to myself: "Steady Steve would have done that better." Ex: Here's Pottsy missing a shot block, then subsequently punching it back into our own net.


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OMG! Bhojpuri actress Monalisa's hot pictures from her vacation
Bhojpuri actors and 'Bigg Boss' ex contestant Monalisa and Vikrant Singh Rajput are in Malaysia for there honeymoon. They were last seen together in the popular dance reality show 'Nach Baliye'.
The couple has been constantly sharing their hot pictures from their vacation on Instagram accounts.After completing their work the couple headed to Malaysia for their extended honeymoon. Since then they had been posting pictures and had been giving us some major vacation goals.
Monalisa also shared some bikini pictures in which she is chilling by the pool side and her husband Vikrant is also seen in pool.The couple got married to each other in January this year inside the 'Bigg Boss' house.


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PickpocketDVD - 2005 | French
Michel, an insignificant man who drifts into crime, is arrested and imprisoned. Upon release, he abandons an attempt at reform when a master pickpocket teaches him his art.
Publisher: United States : Criterion Collection, 2005.
Characteristics: 1 videodiscs (75 min.) : sd., b&w. ; 4 3/4 in.
Additional Contributors:
From the critics
Community Activity
CommentAdd a Comment
aAnnieoywong Jun 18, 2017
An interesting movie about the tricks of pickpocketing.
Ultimately inexplicable, this concentrated, elliptical, economical movie is an experience that never loses its strangeness.
Vincent T Lombardo Jan 27, 2016
A very interesting movie about a career criminal. (It is fascinating to see the methods used by the pickpockets.) However, the ending was disappointing.
Love Robert Bresson. This is a little gem of a movie of a man who finds his luck may be running out on his daily criminal ways. Recommend!
jjaqmartial1 Dec 16, 2011
Un film un peu noir et triste.
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text:
S8, Ep 3
No Thank You
S 4, Ep 9 3D Printer
A minister reminds us that church is an option. Art students makes anti-corporate paintings. Mr. Mayor unveils Portlandia's official 3D printer. Santa is concerned about the future of Christmas. A TV commercial director struggles with his own creativity. Lance and Nina's lizard dies. Guest starring Ed Begley Jr.
No Thank You
Shared Workspace
Riot Spray
Portland Secedes
Friend Replacement
First Feminist City
Family Emergency
Portlandia's solution to highway congestion.


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Understanding Fancy Yellow Diamonds
Posted on Monday, April 23rd, 2018 at 4:55 pm by Shelley's
In our estate jewelry collection, we have recently added a pleasing 1.51 ct fancy yellow diamond engagement ring. It is my philosophy that folks should buy based on beauty, and this ring is definitely beautiful. It is also wise to know some of the gemological and marketplace information about a piece of jewelry, especially diamond jewelry.
A few diamonds are colorless. The majority of diamonds have some degree of yellow and the rest of the diamonds, which is just a few, display other colors. The presence of nitrogen produces the yellow color.
Most diamonds have some degree of very, very light yellow. In the diamond grading system the letters D, E and F represent colorless grades. G through Z are grades for increasing amounts of yellow. G through J grades are so faint that it generally is not detectable unless the diamond is placed beside a colorless diamond. Grades like L, M all the way to Z show enough yellow to be seen to the naked eye. As color tends toward grade Z, prices go down. This is not because these lower grades are not pretty. It is because they are more common in nature.
Then something happens…
Beyond grade Z there gets to be so much yellow in the diamond that, 1) it is less common in nature, and 2) more people like the pastel yellow that is showing up. If you get a gem lab report for the color of a diamond it will have a letter D to Z or….it will have a grade like "FANCY," followed by a color, usually "YELLOW." As grades tend from D toward Z, prices decline, but when the grade hits the fancy grades the price zooms back up.
Fancy yellow diamonds come in nine grades. Here they are from lightest to most yellow: Faint, Very Light, Light, Fancy Light, Fancy, Fancy Dark, Fancy Intense, Fancy Deep, and Fancy Vivid. The diamond we have just added to our estate collection is "FANCY" so it is in the middle of the fancy yellow diamond world and distinctly yellow but not neon yellow.
The grading report will state the ORIGIN of the diamond. Everything I have said above applies to diamonds whose ORIGIN is NATURAL. In other words, they came out of the ground like that. If the ORIGIN says TREATED that means the yellow in the diamond comes from irradiation or some other manmade treatment. Treated diamonds are less pricey. If you do not care about natural versus treated, you can get a sharper yellow for less money in a treated diamond.
If you are in the Hendersonville, North Carolina area, please come in and see this diamond before it is sold, or check out our website and see if we have any other fancy yellow or color diamonds in now.


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Jaroslava Kopčáková
Mgr. Jaroslava Kopčáková (1986) received her Master degree in Psychology (Faculty of Arts, PJ Safarik University in Košice). During her university studies she was interested in field of family and developmental psychology, and she worked as a research assistant at KISH, Child Line of trust in Košice and she also participated in several courses in psychology and psychotherapy. At present time, she is PhD student at the University of Groningen and in the position of the researcher at the Department of Health Psychology, Medical Faculty of P.J. Safarik University in Kosice. During her doctoral studies, as well as in her ongoing work at the university, she is focused on research in health psychology and public health with particular focus on physical activity in the context of psychosocial determinants especially in adolescents.
She participated and still participates in several projects of national research agencies (APVV), international research projects (VIPPA2) and European projects (SOPHIE, International Visegrad Fund). In addition, she is a member of Health Behaviour of School-aged Children study (HBSC). Since 2012 she is a member of the European Health Psychology Society.
project management, data collection coordination, statistical analysis, methodological and statistical consulting, data presentation, teaching and lecturing, qualitative and quantitative research, data analysis, SPSS, research design, scientific writing, university teaching.
Scientific activities and projects:
2015- 2016
Psychosocial development of health disadvantaged school-aged children project is realised as a part of Health of Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study within grant VEGA 1/0895/14 of Scientific Grant Agency of the Ministry of Education, science, research and sport of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Science.
2011 – 2015
Project SOPHIE HEALTH-F3-2011-278173 - Evaluating the impact of structural policies on health inequalities and their social determinants and fostering change is realised within 7th Framework programme, HEALTH.2011.3.3-1 Developing methodologies to reduce inequities in the determinants of health.
2012 – 2015
Health and health-related behaviour within social context in adolescence project is realised as a part of Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study within grant APVV-0032-11 of Slovak Research and Development Agency under contract.
2012 – 2012
International Visegrad Fund: Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study: Supporting the Visegrad countries research network, No.21110275
2012 – 2015
ECOP project Strengthening scientific potential of the research teams in promoting physical activity at Palacky University, No. CZ.1.07/2.3.00/20.0171
|2012 – present
|Member of national team within Health Behaviour in School-aged children study
|2012 – present
|Member of European Health Psychology Society
|2012 – present
|Member of Focus Group Physical activity, Focus Group Family Culture, within Health Behaviour in School-aged children study
Kopcakova J., Dankulincova Veselska Z., Madarasova Geckova A., Kalman M., van Dijk JP, Reijneveld S.A. (2015): Do Motives to Undertake Physical Activity Relate to Physical Activity in Adolescent Boys and Girls? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12, 7656-7666.
Kalman M., Madarasova Geckova A., Hamrik Z., Kopcakova J., Iannotti, R.J.,Dankulincova Veselska Z. (2015): Motives for physical activity among adolescents in the Czech and Slovak Republics. Central European Journal of Public Health, Supplement 2015; 22: S78–S82.
Kopcakova, J. Voľnočasové aktivity. In Národná správa o zdraví a so zdravím súvisiacom správaní 11- , 13- a 15-ročných školákov; Madarasova Geckova, A., Dankulincova, Z.,Eds.; Kancelária svetovej zdravotníckej organizácie na Slovensku: Košice, Equilibria, s.r.o., 2015. ISBN 9788097199708, s. 100- 127.
Kopčáková, J., Brindová, D., Dankulincová Veselská, Z., Madarasová Gecková, A.: Aktuálny pohľad na prebiehajúci zber HBSC dát na Slovensku v oblasti majoritnej, sociálne a zdravotne znevýhodnenej mládeže. Sborník abstrakt sdělení z 21. konference Sekce psychologie zdraví ČMPS Vernířovice 16. 5. - 18. 5. 2014 [elektronický zdroj].-Hradec Králové: LF UK.- ISBN 978-80-7392-232-0.- str. 17.
Kopcakova, J., Dankulincova Veselska, Z., Madarasova Geckova, A., van Dijk, J.P, Reijneveld, S.A.(2014): Is Being a Boy and Feeling Fat a Barrier for Physical Activity? The Association between Body Image, Gender and Physical Activity among Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11, 11, 11167-11176.
Sigmundova, D., Sigmund, E., Vokacova, J., Kopcakova, J. (2014): Parent-Child Associations in Pedometer-Determined Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour on Weekdays and Weekends in Random Samples of Families in the Czech Republic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11, 7163-7181.
Kollárová, J., Madarasová Gecková, A., Ronďošová, J.: Školský dotazník. In: Sociálne determinanty zdravia školákov: HBSC- Slovensko- 2009/2010. Košice, Equilibria, s.r.o., 2011. ISBN 9788089284733, s. 91-107.
Kopcakova J., Dankulincova Veselska Z., Kalman, M., Bobakova,D., Sigmundova, D., Madarasova Geckova A., Klein, D., van Dijk JP, Reijneveld S.A.: Test-retest realibility of a questionnaire on motives for physical activity. Submitted in BMC Public Health.
Malinakova K., Kopcakova J., Kolarcik P., Madarasova Geckova A., van Dijk JP, Polackova Solcova I., Husek V., Kluzova Kracmarova L., Dubovska E., Kalman M., Puzova Z., Tavel P. :The Spiritual Well-Being Scale: Psychometric evaluation of the shortened version in Czech adolescents. Submitted in The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion.
Malinakova K., Kopcakova J., Madarasova Geckova A., Kalman M., van Dijk JP, Tavel P.: "I am spiritual, but not religious." Does this attitude protect adolescents from health-risk behaviour? Submitted in Social Science & Medicine.
Belak A., Bosakova L., Dankulincova Veselska Z., Kopcakova J., Konradyova N., Husivargova A., Ghorbani Saeedian A., Madarasova Geckova A., O'Campo P.: Operationalization of expectations from community-based participation (CBP) in health-research engaging migrant and ethnic minority communities: A scoping review. Submitted in International Journal of Public Health.
Kopcakova J., Dankulincova Veselska Z., Madarasova Geckova A., Kalman M., van Dijk JP, Reijneveld S.A. (2013):The association between motives for physical activity and the level of physical activity among adolescents. Psychology & Health, 28, suppl.1, p. 241.
Kopcakova J., Veselska Z., Madarasova Geckova A., van Dijk JP, Reijneveld S.A. (2012): The association between body image, gender and physical activity among adolescents. Psychology & Health, 27, suppl.1, p. 251.
Correspondence address:
Mgr. Jaroslava Kopčáková
Department of Health Psychology
Faculty of Medicine P.J. Safarik University
Trieda SNP 1
040 11 Košice, Slovakia
phone number: +421 55 234 3436
e-mail: email@example.com


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About Rebekka Franck: Vol 1-3 by Willow Rose:
SOLD MORE THAN 300.000 COPIES! The Queen of Scream channels Wes Craven in this 3-in-1 boxed setIt's the stuff of a living nightmare…Three bone-chilling tales from a bestselling author's popular mystery series about the journalist Rebekka Franck and her friends and family.
– One, Two…He is coming for you:Set in the Danish coastal town of Karrebaeksminde, journalist Rebekka Franck returns to her hometown with her six-year-old daughter. She is trying to escape her ex-husband and starting a new life for her and her daughter when the small sleepy town experiences a murder. One of the kingdom's wealthiest men is brutally murdered in his summer residence in Karrebaeksminde. While Rebekka Franck and her punk photographer Sune try to cover the story for the local newspaper another murder happens on a high society rich man. Now Rebekka Franck realizes that the drowsy little kingdom of Denmark has gotten its first serial killer and soon a series of dark secrets – long buried but not forgotten – will see the day of light. – Three, Four…Better lock your door: It was supposed to be a night of fun, pleasure, lust and pain for Susanne Larsen when she agreed to meet with a stranger from an S&M chatroom. She met him for dinner that later led to casual, anonymous sex at the hotel room at the local inn. But someone else showed up in the room and suddenly it was no longer a game. Zeeland Times star reporter Rebekka Franck and her photographer Sune are covering the case for the newspaper and soon they find themselves deeply involved in a story of terrifying horror and ugly secrets. – Five, Six…Grab your Crucifix:The Priest is a man with a mission from God. He is to help those possessed by evil to finally become free from their stronghold. He has expelled demons for years and had great success. But there is one demon he never managed to cast out. And that demon has now come back to get him. Rebekka Franck and Sune are on a vacation in Northern Zeeland when they suddenly find themselves involved in what turns out to be their most horrifying case to this date. Scroll up and grab a copy today.
Buy the book, Learn more about the writer and follow the author on social media:
Buy the Book On Amazon.
Author Bio:
*LATEST RELEASES*: ☞ – Witchcraft and War (The Vampires of Shadow Hills #7) – Just released☞ – War and Order (The Vampires of Shadow Hills #8) – Just released☞ – Ten Little Girls (Rebekka Franck #9) – Pre-order now!The Queen of Scream aka Willow Rose is a #1 Amazon Best-selling Author and an Amazon ALL-star Author of more than 50 novels. She writes Mystery, Paranormal, Romance, Suspense, Horror, Supernatural thrillers, and Fantasy. Willow's books are fast-paced, nail-biting pageturners with twists you won't see coming. Several of her books have reached the Kindle top 20 of ALL books in the US, UK, and Canada. She has sold more than two million books.Willow lives on Florida's Space Coast with her husband and two daughters. When she is not writing or reading, you will find her surfing and watch the dolphins play in the waves of the Atlantic Ocean. Sign up for Willow's VIP email list, and you'll automatically be notified as soon as her next book is released: www.willow-rose.netInbox already stuffed? Send the word: "ebooks" to 31996 to get a text alert with news about new releases, giveaways, and bargains from Willow.Willow's books: THE VAMPIRES OF SHADOW HILLS:- Flesh and Blood (Vampires of Shadow Hills #1)- Blood and Fire (Vampires of Shadow Hills #2)- Fire and Beauty (Vampires of Shadow Hills #3)- Beauty and Beasts (Vampires of Shadow Hills #4)- Beasts and Magic (The Vampires of Shadow Hills #5) – Magic and Witchcraft (The Vampires of Shadow Hills #6) – Witchcraft and War (The Vampires of Shadow Hills #7) – Just released- War and order (The Vampires of Shadow Hills #8) – Just released7th Street Crew:- What Hurts the Most (7th Street Crew #1)- You Can Run (7th Street Crew #2)- You Can't Hide (7th Street Crew #3)- Careful Little Eyes (7th Street Crew#4) Jack Ryder:- Hit the Road Jack (Jack Ryder #1)- Slip out the Back Jack (Jack Ryder #2)- The House that Jack Built (Jack Ryder #3)- Black Jack (Jack Ryder #4) Rebekka Franck:- One, two … He is coming for you (Rebekka Franck #1)- Three, Four … Better lock your door (Rebekka Franck #2)- Five, Six … Grab your crucifix (Rebekka Franck#3)- Seven, Eight … Gonna stay up late (Rebekka Franck #4)- Nine, Ten … Never sleep again (Rebekka Franck#5)- Eleven, Twelve … Dig and Delve (Rebekka Franck #6) – Thirteen, Fourteen … Little Boy Unseen (Rebekka Franck#7)- Better Not Cry (Rebekka Franck #8)- Ten Little Girls (Rebekka Franck #9) – preorder now!Emma Frost:- Itsy Bitsy Spider (Emma Frost #1)- Miss Polly had a Dolly (Emma Frost #2)- Run Run as Fast as You Can (Emma Frost #3) – Cross Your Heart and Hope to Die (Emma Frost #4)- Peek-A-Boo I See You (Emma Frost#5)- Tweedledum and Tweedledee (Emma Frost#6)- Easy as One Two Three (Emma Frost#7)- There's No Place like Home (Emma Frost #8)- Slenderman (Emma Frost#9)- Where the Wild Roses Grow (Emma Frost#10)- Waltzing Matilda (Emma Frost #11)Horror/Sci-fi/Post-apocalyptic fantasy:- The Surge- Girl Divided- In One Fell Swoop- Umbrella Man (umbrella man trilogy book 1)- Blackbird Fly (umbrella man trilogy book 2)- To Hell in a Handbasket- Rock-A-Bye Baby- Nibble, Nibble, Crunch- Eenie, Meenie- Humpty Dumpty- Edwina – Chain Letter – Better Watch Out – Mommy Dearest- The BirdFantasy/PNR-In Cold Blood (Forrest Albu, Vampire Hunter#1)- Beyond (Afterlife #1)- Serenity (Afterlife #2)- Endurance (Afterlife #3)- Courageous (Afterlife#4)- Savage (Daughters of the Jaguar #1)- Broken (Daughters of the Jaguar #2)- Song for a Gypsy (The Wolfboy Chronicles)- I am Wolf (The Wolfboy Chronicles)Connect with Willow online:http://www.willow-rose.nethttp://www.facebook.com/willowredrosehttps://twitter.com/madamwillowrosehttp://www.goodreads.com/author/show/4804769.Willow_Rosehttps://www.bookbub.com/authors/willow-rose


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Posted in Rhode Island February 12, 2018
This Secluded Waterfront Restaurant In Rhode Island Is One Of The Most Magical Places You'll Ever Eat
At the edge of Rhode Island is an enchanting restaurant where you can dine overlooking a moonlit river. Tucked away in Portsmouth's Island Park is 15 Point Road Restaurant, a place full of creative culinary delights and a magnificent view of the Sakonnet River.
15 Point Road Restaurant is located at 15 Point Road in Portsmouth, RI. They are open Tuesday through Saturday 5 PM until 9 PM and Sunday 4 PM until 9 PM.


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Mary Gay Woodruff Craig, 52, the choral director at West Springfield High School since earlier this year and a former choral director at George C. Marshall High School, was fatally injured Nov. 9 in a traffic accident at Old Court House Road and Aline Avenue, Vienna. She was pronounced dead at Fairfax Hospital.
Fairfax County police said a car driven by Mrs. Craig, who lived in the 8100 block of Timber Valley Court, Dunn Loring, was struck by a pickup truck driven by James Harris, 40, of the 400 block of Kramer Drive, Vienna. Police said their investigation was continuing.
Mrs. Craig was born in Maysville, Ky. She graduated from Central Missouri State University with a degree in music. She and her husband, Richard Stirling Craig, now a retired Army colonel, first moved to the Washington area in 1966.
Mrs. Craig was choral director at George C. Marshall from 1969 to 1975. She then accompanied her husband to Fort Lee, Va., for two years. They returned here in 1977 and Mrs. Craig went back to Marshall, where she remained until transferring to West Springfield.
Since 1979, she had been director of the Reston Chorale. She also was a member of St. Augustine's Episcopal Church in Washington.
In addition to her husband, of Dunn Loring, survivors include four children, Lucy Ann and Melissa Gay, both of New York City, Ben Richard of Stanford, Calif., and James Woodruff of Washington; her mother, Cordelia Berkshire Woodruff of Rockville; a sister, Lonnie Ann Woodruff Vanture of Alexandria, and a grandchild.


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Registry Cleanup Reviews
Once reported, our staff will be notified and the comment will be reviewed. Reply to this review Was this review helpful? (1) (0) Report this post Email this post Permalink to this post Results 1–10 of 868 1 2 3 ... 87 Makes me reevalutate my use of registry cleaners. We recently covered why PC cleaning software was a scam, noting that a big part of the cleaning process -- the registry cleaning -- wouldn't help speed up your PC. http://pubtz.com/registry-cleaner/registry-cleanup.php
Read More , and registry cleaning isn't involved. Image Credit: Man Selling Elixir via Shutterstock Previous PostSockso - Your Own Personal Music Server, No Third Party RequiredNext PostLooking For A That's it. CleanMyPC Registry Cleaner 12 0 0 150 Sec. Feature available under 'expert interface' TuneUp Utilities 2009 6 0 0 26 Sec. http://www.howtogeek.com/171633/why-using-a-registry-cleaner-wont-speed-up-your-pc-or-fix-crashes/
Best Registry Cleaner For Windows 10
Smart Defrag7. Deleting values from this key should be taken with care. In another case, you might have a ten-year-old computer with a very small amount of RAM and a Windows installation that's seen thousands of programs installed and uninstalled over the case
Reply The 24 June 17, 2012 at 4:50 am Deep Freeze sounds a useful preventative measure to take. I have used it on many computers without issue. Reply 4D Studios March 3, 2012 at 1:49 pm I agree cent percent with the post. I myself also haven't seen any performance enhancement after using any registry cleaner. Reply Chris Windows 7 Registry Cleaner Chily Registry Cleaner 34 0 0 79 Sec.
Reply Mark November 21, 2009 at 8:54 pm Here is a little secret. Microsoft Registry Cleaner it's the least unlikely to break your computer and won't run up your credit card bill. Rebooting required: That's not really bad, since a reboot is often needed to change system files in use, and the Registry Defrag requires a reboot, but be aware. http://download.cnet.com/Wise-Registry-Cleaner/3000-2086_4-10605508.html To make your computer run better, the right Microsoft registry cleaner will be able to scan your system for broken, obsolete or malicious keys and report or repair them accordingly.
I am using TunePRO360 Registry Cleaner. Free Registry Cleaner Windows 10 Far too often, program updates and installers leave unneeded pointers in the registry, so the registry becomes bloated with unnecessary entries, slowing down your system.Registry cleaners: Boon or boondoggle?The big question Turn off unneeded services. With only 297 found errors the user interface became so slow it was almost impossible to use it.
Microsoft Registry Cleaner
Now, if our computers only had a tiny amount of memory or an extremely slow hard disk, there could be some value to shrinking the registry a bit. If they do, however, system performance will suffer and a registry cleaner can fix these errors and as a result improve performance. Best Registry Cleaner For Windows 10 If you want the one that works with your registry for system optimization, look at the top-rated RegClean Pro. Registry Cleaner Free The installation didn't work even after using Task Manager to terminate all non-critical processes or in Windows Safe Mode.
All a registry cleaner does is scan your registry for entries that appear outdated and remove them. check my blog You can restore registry anytime. You can even open a particular path directly in the Windows Registry Editor to see exactly what you're looking at.One thing I didn't like about this program is that it's a There's nothing "unsafe" about not using a registry cleaner. Registry First Aid
Many times I have been using different programs and all of a sudden they stopped working like they were just a minute ago (i.e. Learn more about this here. That said, I'm not sure which freeware registry cleaner came first. this content I highly agree with CCleaner as an alternative.
MajorGeeks.Com » News » August 2015 » The Best Drive Cleaners and Registry Cleaners The Best Drive Cleaners and Registry Cleaners Posted by: Timothy Tibbetts on 08/07/2015 06:55 AM [ Comments Best Free Registry Cleaner 2016 You can double click the "backup" Ccleaner made and the changes will be reverted. I was pretty impressed with SlimCleaner Free.
All changes were temporary, so students couldn't do any lasting damage.
So indeed, a registry cleaner is not an everyday tool to maintain system performance. Ads by Google CCleaner is available for all Windows versions. People benchmark all sorts of software tweaks and hardware overclocks and create performance graphs that show adjusting one setting makes a certain game 1% faster. Clean Registry Windows 10 K-Lite Mega Codec Pack10.
Windows 7 and likely 8.x by default automatically de frags your system hdd** (if it's metal) Wed at 0100 so no need to do that! ConsI don't like the fact that Wise Registry Cleaner pushes for a download of Wise Disk Cleaner at the end of the installation but it's easy to skip. You can view/confirm or change that setting and see the last run in " task scheduler > microsoft > windows > defrag ".you can run disc clean up and delete temp have a peek at these guys I also liked how I wasn't asked to install a completely unrelated and useless browser toolbar during the install!Both installer and portable versions of this registry cleaner are available.EasyCleaner v220.127.116.110 Review
We no longer add stand-alone registry cleaners anymore and now you know why. Registry Cleaning Items When you run a registry scan, the registry cleaner searches for specific issues and errors. That of course is sufficient to revert damages caused by a bad fix. The virtualization system used was VirtualBox.
One: The number of cookies that JetClean considers keepable, by default, is a bit excessive. Read more. Defrag tools are also a great way of optimizing your registry by reorganizing fragmented data so that Windows can better access it. Reply Chris Hoffman March 3, 2012 at 2:28 pm You're welcome!
Reply Chris Hoffman June 24, 2012 at 10:58 pm Hm, sorry, which tool?