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[By W. L. George.]
September 18. The Horae Rule controversy has at hist come to a comparative settlement, which ougjht, I suppose, to be looked upon as satisfactory, as both sides seem rather discontented with it. That was to bo expected after these three years of struggling for more or less illusory advantages when a settlement is offered in a hurry in the midst of a European war. As I suggested in my last letter, a settlement m the shape of a bad amending Bill would have been worse than none, and this much can be said for the Government: that they have done well not to exclude in a haphazard way certain sections of Ireland from the scope of the Bill. They have preferred to pass the Home Rule Bill into law at once, and to suspend its operation for a period of not less than a year, which I is to be extended by Order in Council i until the end of the war. In addition, .Mr Asquith has pledged himself to introduce an amending Bill in the next session to exclude the Protestant sections of Ireland from Home Rule. On the whole, this seems fair enough, though at first sight it seems to place Unionists at a disadvantage. The Unionist contention is j that Mr Asquith pledged himself early m the summer not to place the Homo Rule Bill on the Statute Book unless accompanied by an amending Bill on the lines suggested above. To meet the difficulty Lord Lansdowne laid down a Bill in the House of Lords to suspend the Home Rule Bill sine die, and to extend the provisions of the Parliament Act. His intention was clear enough : to preserve for the Government the benefits they had gained by passI ing the Bill three times, and bringing it within the scope of the Parliament Act. 1 This, as you know, means that the Bill can be given the Royal assent without the consent of the House of Lords. Lord Lansdowne's proposal was perfectly fair, hut the difficulties of sheer procedure which involve usages as to the prorogation of the House, the continuity of sessions, the General Election (which must under the law take place before the end of next year), made it almost impossible to frame an adequate Bill. Besides, the Home ; Rule question cannot, indefinitely be alj lowed to hang in the air. Thirty years } of suspense, ending in four years of active i debate, should really make an end of (he | trouble. Given the relations between the ! Liberals and the Irish party. it seems j that Mr Asquith is compelled to pass the Home Rule Bill, and if is really a>t act of grace that ho should promise another amending Bill, given the treatment that has been afforded (ho amending Bill he j offered the Opposition three months ago. I In that Bill he was willing to exclude any ' ■ Ulster county that voted itself out. That | was a- very fair proposal, and the reply of . | the House of Lords was to ask for the I 1 " clean cut" of the whole of Ulster,; which ha-s a population of seven Catho- \ j lies out of every 16 men. Well. . there really are limits. We have had a great deal of talk about the iniquity of the • Government's forcing Mr Redmond's will i upon a reluctant minority, but even if we j ignore the fact that Mr Asquith was i willing to exclude, wherever possible, the \ I minorities that wanted to ho exelnded i , from Mr Redmond's power, we must still I 1 agree that in th' end minorities must j i suffer. Tiie Liberal Coalition has a majo- j I rity of 95. Even if we knock out the , Il'ich, it still has a majority of 11. That j majority is not. for nothing, and theie is ' many a Government in Australia and ' New Zealand that lias carried on its bnsi--1 ness with a .smaller one. In these, eir- ■ cumstances, as the offer has been refused, i 1 think .Mr Asquith is being generous in | promicing any conccsfioiis at all. and j adhere to my old position that if be has sinned at all it has not been by bnuahty ! I but by weakness. The most elementary j theory of government gave him the right | '■ to incorporate Ulster by force. If, how- | ever, the Government- have dectd-H itu f to say, with Lord Milner. "Hatty the . consequencesit has probably been f< r tiie- following good reason :- -As t-.ion as 1 the war broke out a truce was call - d. and ; volunteers for the Army were app-ah d i for by l.oid Kitchener. Ireland was •■vn j death - it, much better Held than El eland just then. liecanse there were | ■ ; naps j 200.000 men. Ulster or Nationalist vuhuitects, who had received a <-:Tabt amount of military training, and would 1 hcid'ore ■ ; make good stuff' for t'i ' new force. T h-' ■ recruit ina among the Ultstn men was go- -1. i but niti eg the National, si... it was bud- - worse than at ordinary times. That was evidently because the Nat ona! sis v.e.c anxious ah.ut Home Rnie. and in a g.moral way f'lt injured That h.vl to he settled, for In's man enlist in rneeh laim r proportions than Eitgiisnm-n —tn cerium districts as rail' ll as 40 p< r • ■'in. It was ■ neieesary to reassure th in. ami tint; is to a .''rta.ilt extent, I b.d'eve, why Home Utile Iris been passed into law. What form the Amend.ng Bill w il tab- n<\l year no.ioilv can 'ell, but it feme hatdl. likely tli.it the Unionists will g-'t i.nc ;i more Hum they would have Cot thine months ago wit hout so mnen hj ! tei no' and so much agitation. I should say that Mr Asquith intends to apply yhe same i suspending treeHncnt to the Vt cl.-h IBs1 osLiW'-hivniit. Rill, and that an Amendin' ; Bill to mitigate the disemlowmrnt clause will also be. iinroduerd in I he tfxt scsr.ion. j | * * «• *■ * * * I | An intercfitiog suggestion was made b> j ; Mi Bonar Law'" in tne bitter .speech lie ■ delivered ayamst -Mr Asquith's proposal. ( I He suggested that if Home Rub' was to | j he adjourned until alter the war. ni view | I of the heroic loyally of the Dumm.pits, we . I might settle the whole Irish qu.t-ii.m hv | i Imperial t-deration. We have lu .ud qt ; i Pi,at. sort, of i hing before, and nothing ifi j mere pleasant in theory, but 1 lia.:<b' | I lielicve that it can be eatried out. I | interests of -be various parts of tne. Empire are .on varied and divergent to make federation workable. Certainly an j Imlserial Anny and Nu\y are as manage- | able a-s Imperial diplomacy, but questions i j of trade and industry create already so much trouble inside the Dominions, wli.oe the farmers clamor for Krectrade and t.i? , voiuirg manufacturers for f'roloi lion, l.rd j ]f we had to conciliate in one tno ; monetary rivalries of New Zealand. Great j Britain, Canada, and the row, we s.imdd j end onlv in confusion and bitterness. If - i bo,rally,* I feel that federation, of which we have heard a good (leal during the last two or three years, has Wn slain and buried in the last six weeks bv the attitude of the Dominions in the European war. If you had been sulky and said, more or less: "This is a British war, and not a New Zealand war, and we'll have no hand in it," there might have been good reason to induce the Dominions to tighten up their links, and a little persuasion— shall we say financial pressure —would perhaps have been applied in time from London; this would have had bad results, created bitterness, and paved the way for separation, as in the case of Great Britain's American es- ; tablishments in 1776. But this did not i happen; New Zealand is offering for service more men in relation to its popula- j tion than Groat Britain herself; Canada, j though not endowed with a conscript ays- i tern, is doing almost as well; while the , navies of all the Dominions have been j offered to Great Britain to be used anywhere. And if we add to this -picture ; the gifts of corn, oats, meat, that have j been offeree! the Mother Country, I think ! there is good cause for saying that- we need no closer link * —that an Empire, standing like this, foot cumue. in times i
of emergency, does not. want its loyalty hampered by agreements. It has coin© out in a spontaneous way, infinitely more effective than a legal way, because generosity docs more than agreements ever can do. I hesitate to prophesy, but somehow I doubt that we shall ever hear anything positive again about federation : the English are sensible, and now that they have seen that, we have federation in fact., i c :i hardly credit that they will trouble alwu its outer forma. * * * * * * * I am not giving yon any war new;- <-r forecasts, been use the news wonM ustale in a month, while tho toreea*)« might injure my reputation. But there are diplomatic movements, slower in their action, which are worthy of record. Italy still remains the X. of the iniermitionH situation, for her intervention at 1 h;s stage might, compass the downfall *>t Germany, or seriously interfere with lho chances of the Allies. If she wetv to attack France in the south-east 1 d-> not suppose the effects would be > ni#'ur:r. ■but we should certainly be in extra three or four months of c.ar; on the other hand, she were to march through Tyrol into Germany, i ..el.eve it would be the last, straw for (be lioii-m----zoJJerns. People here are himmng HaJy a little unfairly for not taking tic h.vcr course, but the position of that >tate most difficult. Here is a Power winch L 30 years has formed a pan of the Trite 1 ■ 1 Alliance. Injured as it may bo by not j having been taken into the confidence of i its-Allies, it is ftiil thejr Ally, end if hj ■ docs not stand by their side it i- -indy a | little too much to ask that it should ini' terrene against them. There .arc very j good reasons why Italy should attack Austria. sordid reasons. 1 mean, for m international politics those are the hc-t, and there arc very good fiordiii roa-ons. t",i. why she should not. If Italy docs mi step in, but kc.'w: ready her good modern army of 800,000 men until after the- war. she may play the role of th" ec tin try tbit j has amiably been nicknamed KV-pto-I Ro'.imunia when the day for the treaty j comes. That is to say. when everybody | cle is exhausted and rutin .1. Italy will be I the only Greed Power ihal ;s m jo fleet i condition. She may ih.n conceivably help j iiensc'f t;> Trieste and tin- Trentinn whhI out liriiVa n shot, thv-c af a.- being dee to 'her as the price of her nent r.iliiy. 'lhat ! is exactly what I? hj mam a did after the i Balkan War. when the _ Balkan States. after a year of hand fighiing, had nobody I to put ut) against h' r f r.'v.''i In L ■ that is Halve plan 1 <G not t ionic sh" i should lie blamed, fur. nit or ail nations do ' not go to war f-r jun. but t«-r pronto. j They never get them, even i: t hey w:.-.. hut that is another and :: Norman Vngei! 1 stray, into which I will not, eater ter j- vr jo; becoming mipopu'.av among y; nr pa ( -_ 1 viotic rentiers. Piwr.tbly t;w alt unde "i Italy is dependent upon that of Bulgaria. ; Rumania, and Greece, who arc said to j have made an agreement again'' Tor- ; key. The latter rr-c-ms to Iw t termany's I onlv friend, us if. indeed, the Hoivn- j znlferns had established with -thou! : Hamid, "the bloody Sultan." a bond of j amity. This, ol course, meat s that Tu r - j kf v fens in the struggle t-ltM'.o" <'f recover- j it.g a lost province or nw. la l '- tie- LG : knit Stales nil! not n!h w. and they arc i probably incbiK-d to lake t! <•>••, Inr key tuvr | what they had to leave her y- and | that is where Laly comes in. Italy, if* j inoic than Austria, wish*- !•/ Greece j extending into Albania, and ebg'rg up the ! Adriatic.' There bos been no -Vy b to;. 1 i" sparring so frr. Go i .mould not. be al all surpri-.ed If Italy stood out of tin's struggle lor that unite subsidiary reason that site considers hj< j r roh- in the struggle as being to keep th- Balkans qtif l. It that, id K<\ we own Italy apologics, hj r. aeverybody know-.-, in the Balkans more than anywhere e!.—■ in tin; world a pohe ■ man's lot id not a. happy one. j ] J. n. !id to r-v urt t ha' G■■ I ondit hm lof ur -mphiyiruv.l in ht gland r iter :->x | weeks of «cr is n u o I ,d. TVtt to entrh.vineiii o ; dc W ■ r.t. !-.g; v th-', in the ordinary Au/v Tv,t hv of v'ly' m'Gi , ''iot'-e"' A ' v'e';. t; ' aVm- . titm ■ i nii'ii an- midi r ihj 'I. i iativelv t" fol vigil '''VV,f '' V. we j :] a iviiu'i 11 ! <d. 1 i'd y c:• ■: .1 a ' | n..ijdli ago that. i'y ■i.■v ,-t , IW' id.: he ii.iieb lie re ; v s.a -. hi • ,■ t.. v > ' did • .ui 1 1 'ai l 'l. ha* w: yd m i'v Lt s ■ i lo alt r Hmi; nv v o; hj b'. y , ! trade _ route.- • r ■ l ■ '■ i]■•b ■' - iv. - . of hc'itaHo'i p■G '■ ••• A i; I, i j 'II»1 i o .-p. lid ill" c ■ : ■ 1 a ' d- .. 1 ! I ami ;il(|Ut, :<'S I > avc I Vroea Ay a" !is jn.= '.-bout •uai Vi \e-.p ih. 11l ••oil g. ■ and that is a af.-at ;/ a! wi. " "'itG-r j tine Ul I'a ti - a 1 1<! 11 vie tin •'I •v " ' I wc have r m-d a v ■f ■■ : thia.'trr-. '! Iv y ;o' d v ' ■ i I theatre niien th'-. tvivi, j things that me h..j ; V, ' : tint il hti?. lev lem,, • diet |if i imy do •go• o:. ■ • v ■ : j (Oline.-t'd wiljl llm a: au-y tty ' j namely. ,ti v v.i. n. :i ; •. -r . • " getting a-. omed lit' ■ v.ai, aim i . io' i:mi iv n i o'liv fr.iio :if c v ■ : hr.: it r.v:y ■ ing some ir.oi .■ -i • . Hade and geiieraily makvig *y : ■ more miseralil 1 t van v d.
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OUR LONDON LETTER, Evening Star, Issue 15645, 9 November 1914
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OUR LONDON LETTER Evening Star, Issue 15645, 9 November 1914
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5 Simple Techniques For Taking On a Scar
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Showing results for tags 'efficient'.
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How Energy Use Can Be Environmentally Responsible
HannahWhittenly posted a blog entry in HannahWhittenly's BlogLiving a green existence can make you feel like you're doing something positive for the planet. It can actually lead to positive outcomes, too. If you want your consumption of energy to be as kind to the environment as possible, you should adopt any or of all of these strategies at your place of work or in your household right away. Switch Your HVAC Filters out on a Frequent Basis Heating and cooling a home can eat up a considerable amount of energy. If you want to minimize your energy use in a big way, you should switch out your heating and air conditioning system filters on a frequent basis. This will do more than conserve energy as well. That's because it will also make your monthly energy bills a lot lower. Invest in LED Lighting The use of LED (Light Emitting Diode) lights calls for markedly lower levels of energy. If you want to minimize your energy consumption greatly, you should switch all of your existing lightbulbs out with fresh LED ones. This may require an upfront investment of money. If you wait a little bit, however, you'll save a lot on your energy bills each month. Reuse Energy-Efficient Industrial Transformers over and Over You can decrease your energy use by going for industrial transformers that are classified as being energy efficient. People who want to keep waste to a minimum should think about reusing any tools, like an industrial transformer, whenever possible. If you use industrial transformers in the workplace, you shouldn't forget about them once they're no longer brand new. Using them over and over can minimize waste greatly. Use Ceiling Fans Any Time You Can You should never assume that turning your air conditioning unit on is the only way to cool your property down well. If you want to cool an interior space without employing a lot of energy, you should try ceiling fans. Ceiling fan installation can be terrific for people who want to lower energy consumption. It can be fantastic for those who want to lower their energy bills as well. If you care deeply about the environment, the world and a brighter tomorrow, you need to take the appropriate actions day in and day out. This means that you should do whatever you can to restrict your use of energy. This is crucial regardless of your location. It can help to decrease energy use at home, at work and beyond.
Green Electricity: How to Purchase Renewable Electrical Components
HannahWhittenly posted a blog entry in HannahWhittenly's BlogPeople are constantly searching for ways to be sustainable and eco-friendly in the modern world. Their reasons for that are completely understandable as well. If you want to invest in electricity that can benefit the environment, you should put your focus on components that are renewable. Buying them doesn't have to be a hassle. Take Your Search to the Internet Many companies that sell renewable electrical parts have a presence on the Internet. That's good news for people who are conscious about maintaining the environment. That's because it gives them the ability to complete their purchases online. If you're keen on green power and its potential, you can use online retailers to shop for carbon offsets, lighting, and many other things that can help. Look for Businesses in Your Area People do not necessarily have to go online to manage renewable electrical product purchases. There are actually many brick-and-mortar businesses that sell items that are part of this category. Getting your hands on these products in person can help save you effort. It can give you the option to look at things with your own eyes as well. If you're all about minimizing your carbon footprint, you should look for nearby stores that can accommodate your wishes. Do Sufficient Research If you want to have a well-rounded and logical eco-friendly electricity arrangement, then you need to take care and do research in advance. Figure out exactly what you need and don't need. This can save you from a lot of frustration when searching for individual items. You may want to buy an AC current switch as well. These are popular items among many individuals these days who are passionate about renewable energy. Get Good Recommendations You probably know a few people who are just as committed to helping the environment as you are. Feel free to get renewable electrical component product suggestions from them. They may be able to point you to businesses that have large and varied product selections. They may be able to introduce you to books and magazines that can help you pick out the most trustworthy manufacturers out there as well. Don't be afraid to reach out to people who have experience and insight regarding renewable electrical components. You should never be lazy about sustainability. If you can't find the renewable products you need, take your search somewhere else. You're bound to find what you need somewhere. You should always be devoted to doing positive things for this magnificent planet.
Go Green: How to Incorporate Energy Efficient Ideas to the Rest of Your Family
Meghan Belnap posted a blog entry in Green Living BlogA "green" lifestyle is one which, once it grabs hold of you, doesn't let go easily. At the same time, unfortunately, getting your family on board with the idea of making major changes can be a bit more challenging. To get them interested, it's important to take baby steps so they can fully realize the benefits of a "green" lifestyle. Here are a few steps you can take when you have a family member who's resistant to making eco-friendly changes. Provide a Few LED Bulbs Led bulbs have advanced tremendously in technology and dropped significantly in price since their invention in 1962. Still, many people are hesitant to change over to them, worried about the quality of light or the upfront cost of the bulbs. If the people in your life who you're trying to convince don't live with you, you may want to provide them with a few LED bulbs as a gift. Once they see the instant-on, cool-to-the-touch, and energy-sipping capabilities of LED bulbs in their own home, they'll be hooked. Make Recycling Easy One complaint that some people have about recycling is that it's time-consuming to take the recyclable materials to a recycling center, which may be quite far away. By providing eco-friendly skip bins, recycling suddenly becomes a lot more convenient. Depending on an individual's usage, you can select from a variety of sizes to ensure they can recycle to their heart's content. Stay Clean It may seem odd, but one of the best ways to encourage family members toward energy efficiency is to keep yourself clean. A common hesitation that people have with low-flow shower heads and faucets is that they think they don't clean as well as their traditional counterparts. By regularly successfully utilizing a low-flow shower head, you can show that these devices truly do work and truly do help protect the environment. Let Them Eat Composting is a great way to create rich soil that is great for growing a vibrant and beautiful vegetable garden. By utilizing various ingredients that you obtain from your garden in your cooking, you'll quickly assuage any concerns your family members may have about the cost and effort involved in successful composting. Since there are so many ways to do composting, it's also a good idea to have plans ready for your family members to follow once they start asking how you're able to do it. Give Them Time As with any major change in another person's life, the change to a "green" lifestyle is bound to take time. Though it may seem like progress is coming at a snail's pace, over time you'll be able to look back and see just how far your family has come, with the added satisfaction of having played a role in that transformation.
Energy Saver: 5 Ways You Can be More Efficient and Save Money on Your Monthly Bills
Meghan Belnap posted a blog entry in Green Living BlogThe rising cost of energy is a big concern for many people. While energy usage is continuing to be more expensive, there are now many ways that the average person could cut back on the amount of energy that they use. There are five tips in particular that all people could follow to cut their energy usage. Home Automation One of the best things that you could do to save on energy costs would be to use a home automation system. Home automation systems will turn electronics on and off when they are not in use, will automatically change the temperature in your home when you are away and will provide you with certain controls remotely. All of these can help to reduce your energy usage. Use Vents Strategically Another great way to reduce your energy costs is to avoid heating and cooling rooms that you do not use. If you have extra bedrooms or living space that are rarely in use, keeping these rooms at a comfortable temperature can be very expensive. One of the best things that you could do would be to close the vents to these rooms and seal the windows as this will prevent air flow into these rooms and will reduce your energy costs. Change Temperature One of the biggest ways that people waste their energy dollars is by cooling or heating their home too much. While all people have a desired temperature in their home, those that are willing to raise their thermostat a few degrees during the summer or lower it during the winter could reduce their energy bills by a significant margin. New Window Treatments Installing new window treatments can also help you to reduce your energy bills. Window shutters, such as those from companies like Litemaster Blinds & Awnings can help to keep your home cool in the summer months and warm in the winter months by retaining the current temperature in your home. Unplug Electronics Finally, simply unplugging certain appliances will be able to cut your costs. Minor appliances and electronics including microwaves, coffee machines, phone chargers, and other small items all use a little bit of energy even when they are not in use. By unplugging them you could cut your energy bills. While cutting your home energy usage could help to reduce your bills on a monthly basis, there are other benefits as well. Reductions in energy usage could also extend the life of your furnace and air conditioner and is much better for the environment.
Save Energy: 4 Ways You Can be More Cost-Effective and Efficient with Your Utilities
Meghan Belnap posted a blog entry in Green Living BlogSaving money on your energy bills may be a year-round goal. Many homeowners try to curb consumption through an adjustment of their own behaviors. For example, you may try to turn out the lights when you are not in a specific room. However, these types of actions have minimal impact on your energy bill, and you may be frustrated by the lack of results that you are generating. If you want to see a major improvement in your energy bill, consider making these important changes. Upgrade Your Old HVAC System If your HVAC system is more than 10 or 15 years old, it may be consuming much more energy than it needs to. Newer HVAC systems installed by a company like Logan A/C & Heat Services Inc. may have enhanced energy-saving capabilities, and you may notice the difference in your energy bill the first month after it is installed. A side benefit associated with upgrading your HVAC system is that your repair bills may decrease as well. In fact, many HVAC systems are sold with a warranty that lasts for at least the first few years. Use Smart Home Technology Smart home technology is mostly considered to be a convenience feature, but it can save you money in several ways. For example, you can link automatic blinds to it, and you can close the blinds during the peak of the day in the summer to keep heating to a minimum. You can also adjust your thermostat through this technology to minimize HVAC system use. Install New Windows A considerable amount of energy loss can take place through your windows. Very old windows may only have a single pane of glass that is not energy efficient. Older double-pane windows may have had cracks in the gas seals, and this can decrease energy efficiency as well. New windows may have a solar reduction glaze or film, and some have a triple-pane feature that adds another layer to buffer the temperature differential between the interior and exterior of the home. Closing blinds during extreme weather conditions can also reduce energy loss. Replace Your Insulation Another excellent idea is to remove old fiberglass insulation and install spray-in foam insulation. Fiberglass insulation is not as energy efficient as foam insulation. Furthermore, old fiberglass insulation may slouch down in the wall or may even be eaten by pests. Making an upgrade to your insulation can trap more of your climate-controlled air inside your home. While these projects are rather significant, they can each help you to drastically reduce energy consumption. In some cases, you may find rebates or special offers to help you save money on these upgrades and improvements.
5 Things You Didn't Think Of Adding to Your Energy-Efficient Home
RachelleW posted a blog entry in Shades of an Apple Green HomeYou may be surprised to hear that private homes account for over 40 percent of all energy consumed within the United States. If you are ready to cut back on your family's energy consumption and start saving on monthly bills, then take a look at these five affordable upgrades with an excellent return on investment. Tankless Water Heaters An older water heater can be one of the biggest energy consumers in a home because they keep an entire tank of water hot at all times. Tankless water heaters (on-demand water heaters) only heat water as it is needed, and this means lower gas or electricity bills and a home that never runs out of hot water. Light Tubes Everyone should upgrade to compact fluorescent lights at some point, but another simple way to save on lighting is to have light tubes installed. These simple tubes can fit around important structural components of a home and provide light to any room. Window Treatments Anyone with windows that are more than a decade old should consider upgrading their treatments to improve the insulation of their home. Studies show that older residential window treatments cost the American public $35 billion a year. Newer treatments will provide a home with additional layers of insulation to keep UV rays out during the summer and warm air in during the winter. Foam Roofing Older roofs are another major problem when it comes to energy efficiency. Foam roofing, available from places like Armstrong Installation Service, is nearly 500 percent more efficient than traditional roofs and provides much better protection from moisture. This relatively new technology works on a variety of roof types including flat and sloped roofs. This foam can also be sprayed around solar panels and other structural components. Trees Planting a few perennial trees will not only improve the appearance of your property, but it could also cut down on your HVAC bills during the summer. Placing these trees near windows will allow them to act as a windbreak as well as shade those areas from the sun. Having an energy efficient home no longer means that you and your family must do without modern amenities. Often all it takes is a few simple upgrades to make serious improvements with your home's carbon footprint. This includes utilizing new technology such as tankless water heaters, wall insulation, and new window treatments.
How to Create a More Energy Efficient Home
Eileen O'Shanassy posted a blog entry in Eileen O'Shanassy's BlogIn today's world, keeping costs down is important and this is especially crucial for new homeowners. If the utility payments get out of hand, it is very easy to fall behind on all your bills. To alleviate some of the utility costs, consider what you can do and what tools can be used to make your home more energy efficient. Here are some tips for cutting back on energy use and how to make life at home a lot easier. Energy Audit Every homeowner who wants a more energy efficient home should consider a professional energy audit. While you can conduct one yourself, the professional may hit on areas you have overlooked. They start by checking your home for air leaks and making sure you have the proper insulation installed. While doing this, they will be certain that the home is ventilated properly to prevent harmful toxins from getting back into your home. Further study will be done on all systems in the home, including appliances, the heating and cooling system, and lighting. Energy Star Appliances Should you choose to not have an energy audit done, the first step in using less energy is to install Energy Star certified appliances in your home. This includes the refrigerator, freezer, washer, dryer, stove, and dishwasher. Many homeowners tend to forget about the hot water tank as they often do not think of it as an appliance. Appliances with the Energy Star certification will operate on the lowest energy possible. Appliances on receive this label if they pass the government standards for energy use. Heating and Cooling System Outdated systems or systems that are not properly maintained will use more energy. Anything over 15 years old, you may want to consider replacing. However, even a new system must be properly maintained in order to be at its most efficient. Filters should be cleaned or replaced regularly and ductwork cleaned prior to using at the beginning of a season. This can be done by scheduling an inspection of your system by a professional. The above steps are a great start in making sure your home is energy efficient. You may also wish to replace lightbulbs with Energy Star certified ones and after putting all the time and effort into making it efficient, protect your home and investment with an ADT security system. Your home should be considered like a business. Keeping the costs low will put more money in your pocket and allow you and your family to spend it on the things you enjoy. Make sure the investments you put into yours are worth it.
Can Your Office Go Green? 5 Ways to Make It Happen
RachelleW posted a blog entry in Shades of an Apple Green HomeThe desire to create a greener office space is driving business owners to re-think office organization and to institute protocols that make the most of materials and energy usage. A number of systems can be integrated into the average office to use less energy, lower the amount of emissions, improve work efficiency and provide a healthier environment for workers. Recycle Paper Even in the computer age, the amount of paper that is generated creates a problem for disposable and a waste of previous resources. Systems should be put in place to recycle paper products of all types. Paper and boxes can be re-used within the office system and ultimately placed in containers that can be picked up by local recycling companies. Go Energy-Efficient Take a close look at how the office uses energy throughout the day. Using energy efficient light bulbs can save hundreds of dollars. Make sure areas that are not used throughout the day, such as storage rooms, have motion-sensitive lighting that turns off automatically. Choose the Right Office Furniture Office furniture that utilizes materials responsibly and does not add to the accumulation of volatile organic compounds in interior spaces can be an important step in making your office space greener. Emissions coming from synthetically-produced parts should be minimized to prevent reactions to the chemicals and long-term health problems. Some companies, like Affordable Business Interiors, know that furniture should also be recyclable, that is, it should break down easily into component parts that can be re-used in other ways. In this way, your office can comply with the highest standards of creating a green interior environment. Turn Off Computers and Equipment Computers are often left on, even when people have left the office. This habit results in a waste of electricity that adds hundreds of bills to utility bills each year. Workers should be encouraged to use "sleep" settings on the computer for daytime use and shut them down completely during the night hours. Add Natural Plants Natural plants create a more natural atmosphere that improves working conditions. Not only are plants visually pleasing and remind workers of outdoor spaces and recreational activities, but they also add oxygen to the air, which increases healthy breathing and neutralizes some of the toxic gases that build up in offices from synthetic materials. Hardy plants only require a minimum of care, yet they provide many benefits for those who work in the areas where they are located. Going green is a growing trend in today's offices that not only makes sense for the bottom line but can also improve work environments for employees to achieve greater productivity and worker satisfaction.
Tips to Get More Winter Energy Savings at Home
HannahWhittenly posted a blog entry in HannahWhittenly's BlogAll families should be interested in saving on their energy costs, but it can be difficult for some to achieve these savings during the winter. Energy costs are going to naturally go up as the temperatures cool down, but there are still several ways you can save some money. If you follow these four tips, then you should be able to live comfortably in your home, while still saving a few dollars each month this winter. Lower Water Heater Temperature Most people have their water heater temperature set higher than they actually need. Setting your water heater around 120 degrees Fahrenheit has the potential to save you a lot this winter. It may take slightly longer to get hotter water in the sink and shower, but the savings makes the wait well worth it. Open Curtains during the Day The sun may not come out every day during the winter months, so you need to take advantage of it when it does appear. Opening the curtains to let the sun in is a great way to naturally heat your home without have to spend any money. Make sure to close the curtains and blinds when the sun goes down so you keep all of this extra heat in your home. Turn down Thermostat The cold weather outside may compel you to turn up your thermostat a few degrees, but you need to resist this urge if you want to save money. Keeping your home a few degrees cooler than normal has the potential to save you hundreds of dollars during the winter season. You should have no problem staying comfortably warm in your home if you wear a sweater or bundle up with an extra blanket. Properly Insulate Your energy costs are going to be high enough this winter, so don't add to your own costs with poor insulation. If you do not have the proper insulation, then the warm air from the furnace will escape your home at a faster rate. This requires your furnace to run longer than it should to make up for the escaping warm air. A local heating company like Cape Fear Air Conditioning & Heating Co., Inc. should be able to direct you to problem areas you might have, and keep your heat pumps running smoothly. There is no reason to be intimidated by the potentially high energy costs this winter. When you implement these four changes into your normal routine it will help your house run a little less energy, and keep you toasty and warm.
Greening Up Your Home: 5 Decoration Ideas You Should Consider
RachelleW posted a blog entry in Shades of an Apple Green HomeIn the recent past, doing your part to save the environment meant recycling plastic containers, buying organic vegetables and using canvas tote bags. Today, there are more ways to live green than ever before. In fact, a few simple changes can help you create a greener, healthier home. Here are five decorating ideas to consider. Marry Your Interior and Exterior Home One of the easiest ways to green up your home is to blur the lines between the interior and exterior living spaces. Opening your doors and windows is one way to bring the outdoors inside. If you are planning a home renovation, consider installing a window wall that opens an entire room to the outdoors. Screens allow you to let in fresh air while keeping the bugs and other pests outside. Install Energy-Efficient Lighting Fixtures The right lighting fixtures can give your home an aesthetic appeal that is eco-friendly and functional. Old fixtures use a lot of energy, which can drive up your electricity bills. Replace them with energy-saving fixtures, such as those with Energy Star certification, or even solar-powered models. Replace your standard, incandescent bulbs with energy-saving alternatives such as light-emitting diodes (LED) or compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulbs. Decorate With Indoor and Outdoor Plants Nothing says green living like live plants. Besides adding beauty to your home, plants from places like Green Smart Decor provide a relaxing outdoor hobby and help reduce indoor air pollution. Choose low-light, low-water houseplants for indoor decorating, and water them with rainwater or water you would otherwise discard. Outdoors, use the right soil and appropriate fertilizers, and water your plants frequently to keep the soil from drying out. Beautify Your Home With Reclaimed Water While luscious greenery is a great way to green your home and lawn, it comes at the price of high energy bills. If you are renovating your home or designing a new one, consider installing reclaimed water solutions. For example, try drainage systems that use rainwater to feed your lawn and outdoor landscaping. Save Water With Artificial Leaf Panels Artificial leaf panels are a good way to green your home without adding to your water bills. In addition to their easy installation and natural appearance, polyurethane panels provide ultraviolet (UV) protection and noise insulation. They are also weather-resistant, pest-free and unattractive to pets. Green Smart Décor offers a variety of panel options including ficus and ivy. "Going green" does not have to mean "going expensive" with solar panels or bamboo flooring. Simple changes like the ones above can make your home a greener, safer, healthier place to live. Begin with small steps and make a commitment to change your habits over time.
5 Advantages to Energy-Efficient Vehicles You Didn't Know
RachelleW posted a blog entry in Shades of an Apple Green HomeWith energy costs on the rise along with pollution and traffic congestion, energy-efficient vehicles are excellent investments. Most of us own vehicles and depend on them for daily transportation. It makes sense to get one that can save money while also helping to keep the environment clean. The benefits like environmental friendliness and savings on fuel are well known; however, there are a few other benefits that you may not know about. Lower Costs The cost of gas is not the only expense with which vehicle owners have to contend. Insurance is another significant cost that comes with owning all types of vehicles. Many car insurance companies provide their customers with discounts for owning an energy-efficient vehicle. Some insurance companies even have divisions that are dedicated to policies for eco-friendly vehicles and which provide discounts. Hybrid drivers may also be eligible for good driver and other discounts as well. All major insurance providers offer some sort of discount for drivers of hybrids and electrical cars. Aside from replacing parts like tires and wiper blades, there is not a lot of maintenance needed for electric cars. For one thing, the brake pads last longer since these vehicles use regenerative braking to slow the vehicle down. Regenerative braking converts the energy used in slowing the vehicle into electricity, which is stored in the battery. They Are Safe Hybrid and electric vehicles are as safe as cars that are fueled by gasoline. In the past, concerns have been raised regarding the potential for accidents to cause chemical spills because of the batteries; however, such accidents have not occurred in the decade since these cars first became widely available. Still, it is necessary to take precautions when driving any vehicle, regardless of the fuel source. Eric Harron, a car accident lawyer in Austin, advises all motorists to avoid aggressive driving and to minimize distractions regardless of what vehicle is being driven. They Are Just as Comfortable as Conventional Vehicles When it comes to comfort and ease of driving, there is no difference between an all-gas vehicle and an energy-efficient. Hybrids are able to accelerate and to cruise just as fast on the highway. Most hybrids come with the luxury features expected of modern vehicles. These include navigation systems, keyless start and automatic climate control. Most hybrids are able to move at least four adults in reasonable comfort and some can transport as many as eight. They are a Good Investment The economic aspects of buying an energy efficient vehicle can be tricky. Many experts have deemed hybrids and other fuel-efficient vehicles to be poor investments based on the fuel savings. It is true that the value of a hybrid can fluctuate depending on gas prices. However, one area that many calculations fail to take into consideration is resale value. One 2011 study by Carnegie Mellon University used auction data to show that two energy efficient vehicles (the Toyota Prius and the Volkswagen Jetta TDI) retained thousands of dollars of their value in comparison to gas-only vehicles. More people are turning to hybrids in order to save on fuel and to help protect the environment, which means that there is a greater demand. That demand leads to above-average resale value. The Technology is Not New Even though hybrids and electrical vehicles have been on the market for a while now, many motorists may be concerned about investing in what may be perceived as relatively new technology. The truth is that electric cars were around as far back as the early 20th century. They were among the earliest American-made vehicles. The technology has evolved considerably since then and modern electrical cars are even more efficient and powerful. The benefits above are some of the reasons that hybrids and electrical vehicles are among the fastest growing segments of the auto industry. Furthermore, the popularity of energy efficient vehicles means that there is a wide variety from which to choose. Shop around to find something that meets your needs and those of your family.
Every Penny Counts: How Your Home Can Be More Energy Efficient
RachelleW posted a blog entry in Shades of an Apple Green HomeEnergy waste and misuse is at an all-time high. This poorly coincides with the current state of the economy and job market. Home owners need to carefully conserve both resources and their hard earned money through being energy efficient. Below explains four tips to make your home more energy efficient. Energy Conservation One of the appliances that consumes the most energy is the water heater. Ensure that the water heater temperature is below 120 degrees. This will save energy and avoid potential overheating of plumbing pipes. Make sure that the dishwasher, clothes washer and dryer are energy efficient models. A recent USA Today report revealed that Americans waste 4 billion dollars every year through inefficient clothes dryers. A standard dryer will consume as much as an energy efficient refrigerator, dishwasher and clothes washer. Research by McKinsey & Company in 2009 found that American homes and businesses spend over $130 billion dollars to power standby appliances. If an appliance is not in use, unplug it. Schedule Regular Air Conditioner Tune-ups Most homes need an AC to regulate temperatures and maintain indoor air quality. However, air conditioners consume an enormous amount of energy. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Energy Star certified AC's are 15 percent more efficient than conventional models and can be installed by companies like Spokane Air Conditioning Installation. If an upgrade isn't necessary, regularly scheduled AC maintenance will ensure that the unit runs smoothly and will save money in the long run. Most people don't realize that indoor air pollution can be worse than the outside air. A recent study by the National Institute of Health has shown that cardiovascular health can be improved through air conditioning. Windows According to the National Resources Defense Council, over 30 percent of a home's total heat loss occurs through windows and doors. Replace older single-pane windows with double-pane windows. Check for drafts and seal all window edges and cracks with caulk. Consider using shades or drapes to keep out the heat during the summer and keeping them open on sunny winter days. Light Pollution Light pollution isn't something to take lightly. According to the U.S. Dept. of Energy, over 30 percent of lighting is wasted. Incandescent lights are very inefficient and over 90 percent of the energy is wasted as heat. Fluorescent lights conserve more energy the longer they are turned on. Most importantly, turn off lights when nobody is in the room. Home owners can conserve energy and save money through upgrading appliances, scheduling AC tune-ups, upgrading windows and reducing light pollution. Through these steps, you will be well on your way to running a more energy efficient home while also saving some cash along the way.
The Main Features of a Green Home
Patrick Gibson posted a blog entry in Nature's Breath BlogGreen, sustainable building is conquering the world of architecture. It's no wonder - building homes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient is rewarding on many levels. By building homes that are "green" you're minimizing impact on both people's health and the natural environment. Image Credit: GJ Gardner What are the main characteristics of a green home? To begin with, it is a building that efficiently uses natural resources and alternative sources of energy. It is a home that preserves the health of its occupants and helps in reducing pollution, waste and environmental degradation. Let's see what every green home must include in order to be a true, eco-friendly building. Materials used in green building Whenever we build, there has to be some sort of environmental cost. We often use natural materials and expendable energy resources uncontrollably. People think that using only wood, for example, will immediately make their house or lodge sustainable, but this is far from the truth. The first and the most important rule when it comes to materials is: always use sustainable, local materials that are recycled or recyclable. This often means reusing existing materials and reducing waste. Timber can be used in green building too, if it's locally and sustainably sourced and FSC-certified. Also, the more processed the material is, the more energy was spent (embodied) to produce it. Therefore, green homes should be constructed from materials that have low embodied energy. Alternative forms of concrete are always a better option than conventional concrete, the production of which is responsible for high carbon emissions. Sometimes, even materials we consider "junk" can be used in the construction of a green home: tires, bottles, cans, materials left over from the pre-existing building, etc. Wood from fast growing trees (instead of hardwood), recycled stone, rammed earth, straw bale and mud brick are the traditional materials that most builders turn to nowadays. Clever design for an energy efficient home The design is another important factor in making a building "green". Sustainable homes are smartly built – which means they are designed to last long, to fit the climate and use all the benefits their environment provides. Passive design almost always involves positioning homes in relation to the sun and shade to reduce the use of electricity. This can be done is several ways: by spatial zoning, orientation, ventilation, insulation, shading, glazing and using thermal mass. The house should be placed on a ground that receives a lot of sunlight in the winter, with large windows facing the sun and collecting "passive" solar power. Prevention of heat accumulation in the summer can be obtained by strategically placing trees, roof overhangs and horizontal slats. A well-designed floor plan can only help in achieving energy efficiency. Also, adding solar panels can save energy even more and make a building truly eco-friendly. Insulation Adding good insulation is a crucial thing in the building process - it is the most effective addition you can make to your home. Insulation, shading and waterproofing can save up to an amazing 45 percent on monthly energy bills.There are lots of insulation options. However, the top sustainable insulation materials are sheep wool, cotton, aerogel, polystyrene and icynene. We know that polystyrene doesn't sound very "green", but it's an outstanding insulator that can be recycled. It brings structural integrity to walls and provides excellent thermal resistance. Wool fibers are perhaps the healthiest and most fire resistant insulation option. Water management A sustainable building must include water saving in addition to energy saving. An excellent way of saving water is rainwater harvesting – collection, filtration and use of rainwater. This reduces the need for main water supplies and can lead to significant economic and environmental benefits. Rainwater is collected in leak-proof tanks and can be used for many purposes. Image Credit: Wikimedia Swimming pools are big energy spenders and a real luxury in water scarce areas. Therefore, modern green homes feature increasingly popular natural pools and ponds. Water in such pools and ponds is cleaned with the help of plants and bacteria and no chemicals are used in the process. One of the steps in being a responsible water consumer includes using products and appliances that save water significantly. Your home must be equipped with adequate plumbing products, sanitary ware and white goods that use less water than others.
How Effective are 'Mandatory Renewable Energy Targets'?
chloehashemi posted a blog entry in chloehashemi's BlogNo one can dispute that Germany is the world's leading advocate of solar energy. However, countries like Australia are rapidly progressing in their mission to adopt sustainable energy, as they are beginning to wholeheartedly embrace solar energy. With the Australian government's decisively enforced 'Renewable Energy Target (RET)', a 13 year period has caused 1.2 million homes with solar panels installed on their roofs. In addition to this, development in research has led to an eventual reverse in Australia's reliance on fossil fuels, if the technology can be sustained. The ultimate goal of this scheme is to guarantee that 20% of the country's electricity is produced from renewable sources by the year 2020. What is great is that solar power magnitude is said to develop even further in the next decade. Australia and Asia aim to increase their rooftop solar panels usage by up to six times in quantity in the next ten years. Similar to the aforementioned scheme, a majority of other mandatory renewable energy targets aim to reach their objective by 2020. These legally binding objectives (in which 67 countries worldwide are a part of), include large scale and small scale schemes which strive to reach the national objective steadily, while simultaneously targeting a range of small and large regions and by applying first, second and third generation technology in these areas. In 2009, the European Commission initiated a renewable energy policy which enforced all member states of the European Union to abide to the '20-20-20' targets, which represent 3 main goals, including a 20% decrease in EU greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels, raising the share of EU energy consumption produced from renewable resources to 20% and an expected 20% increase in the EU's energy efficiency; all by 2020. The Green Deal is an initiative supported by the government in the UK, which helps people comprehend the energy saving improvements they can personally make on their home, which can be beneficial for a more wide-ranging understanding of the situation on a local and global level. The Green Deal finance loan aims to fund a percentage of the installation costs of micro generation systems at home but is not that productive because costs still remain beyond for the average Brit's budget. However, times are changing. On a more local scale, to steadily achieve greater results, solar panels have become much easier to maintain in the United Kingdom. Especially with affordable apparatus such as electrical test equipment, which means you can now maintain your micro generation energy system at home with minimal additional assistance. Communities across the country are also making an effort to adopt more sustainable schemes of energy production, such as The Lancaster Cohousing Project based in Forgebank. At a glance, it seems that a mandatory renewable energy target can be a beneficial approach for UK to adopt in various ways, both environmentally and financially. In 2013, British Gas raised gas prices by 8.4% and electricity prices by 10.4%, which on average is a 9.2% rise. With the pressure on the nation in terms of household bills, the prospect of renewable energy has become more appealing to all; not just environmentalists. Countries which have proven the potential for substantial progress over a relatively short period of time are Sweden, Estonia and Bulgaria, which have already exceeded their 2020 goal, 6 years ahead of schedule. This progress is due to a substantial growth in production of wind power. Only time will tell if renewable energy systems in the local community are as reasonable as the promising outcome. The UK still has 6 years to pull something out of the bag, and at the rate technology is developing, who knows what the future holds for everyone.


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New Emoshape's Office in Manhattan
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Emoshape's new corporate headquarters in New York City with futuristic office's glass and metal design.
Emoshape Unveil The First Scentient AI
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Emoshape Creates the World's First Sentient AI Device in Partnership with Moodo Emoshape, the creator of the world first ever Emotion Processing Unit, is back in the headlines once again with the development of the world's first ever sentient AI device....
Emoshape Demonstrates First Sentient Actress
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Emoshape's AI, Rachel. First Sentient Actress Powered by an Emotion Chip (EPU). Rachel First Sentient Actress is capable of emotional reasoning and synthesis by wave computing. *** WORK IN PROGRESS @ EMOSHAPE *** The groundbreaking EPU algorithms...
Gartner Research Feature Emoshape
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Gartner Research Speak out about Emoshape: "We are still at the early stage of what will be an emotional system… However, New York-based startup Emoshape has developed its own CPU optimized to handle emotional data. The technology has the potential...
Emoshape In The News
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Click Image Below Google News – Emoshape
當機械人擁有情感 – Bloomberg
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當機械人擁有情感 ● Emoshape創辦人兼行政總裁Patrick Levy-Rosenthal在2018消費電子展中 接受本刊訪問,分享研發過程。
Meet Emoshape at the CES 2018
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Emoshape @ CES 2018 Ray Kurzweil once said Computers will possess emotions and personality, Emoshape is making that happen, meet us at CES 2018. View on Floor Plan: Sands, Hall G – 53064 To Book an Appointment Click Here and select a day
Eureka Park Preview: Emoshape Can Bring Machines To Life
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There Will Be A Time When EPU's Are As Common Place As CPU's and GPU's, Emoshape Is At The Forefront. Robert Morris for Nibletz Many believe there will come a time when humans interact with machines more often than they do other humans. Some...
First Dream Ever Constructed In Real-time – Exolife – NYVR 2017
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NYVR 2017 – Dream First Demo to the public. First game ever created around the ExoLife dongle for the Gaming industry. Each time you enter the DREAM the ExoLife will convert your emotions into 64 trillion possible emotional states creating...
Emoshape Emotion Processing Unit II Successfully Passes Beta Testing in Chinese
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Welcome folks! It is my great pleasure to inform all of you that our EPUII has recently gone through the beta testing phase in Chinese with flying colors. I would also like to take this opportunity to let you know that we are all set to enter the...


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It all starts with traveling. The world of luggage has evolved so much in the past decade. Gradual as well as extreme changes were made. All these boil down to traveling. The luggage industry has carefully changed and adapted in order to make traveling easy, convenient and stress-free. Although there are other factors that contribute to its development, these three are the main influences that shaped and molded the present-day luggage industry.
You and your Luggage
What is the first thing you consider when you travel? Well, aside from your travel documents, itinerary and money, the next thing to carefully deliberate is your luggage. Your bag is your partner during travel. It is the item that makes sure all your travel needs, personal items and whatnot are secure and protected.
With this in mind, it just follows how you should be wise in your luggage selection. Not only does it have to be durable and functional, it has to fit your personality and needs most of all.
Tortuga Backpacks: How it all started
They say that experience is the best teacher. In the case of Tortuga Backpacks, it is indeed. It was back in 2009 that the founders of Tortuga Backpacks, Fred and Jeremy, went on a backpacking trip around Europe (specifically eastern Europe from Germany to Croatia). Fred and Jeremy at that time were in their early twenties. They were short in cash so a lot of time was spent to save up for the entire trip and to look for cheap deals for their entire travel. They carefully planned for their Euro trip from budgeting to their itineraries in each destination.
When everything was settled, the next obstacle they had to overcome was finding the right luggage. Both guys knew right away that they wanted to use backpacks. I mean, it wouldn't be a backpacking trip without a backpack right? The problem was; which backpack is best to use?
Both understood the significance finding the right backpack would make for their trip. They did a lot of research online, asking feedback from friends, as well as scouting at bag shops. But they couldn't find a bag that they absolutely deemed perfect. Fred and Jeremy ended up with different bags. Both bags were a disaster. Luckily, the guys had a blast on their travel despite the backpacks being a huge catastrophe.
Thanks to their trip, they learned a lot. They converted their experience into a great opportunity to create a useful product not just for their own use but for other travelers too. This is the start of Tortuga Backpacks.
Tortuga Backpacks
Tortuga Backpacks was born because of travel. The company came to existence to create a backpack that is able to fully satisfy every traveler's needs in all aspects. The company founders experienced firsthand how difficult it is to find the most ideal backpack for their travel. They did extensive research. They gave it their best shot. But in the end, they concluded that the perfect travel backpack did not exist. What then? They decided to make one on their own. Then Tortuga Backpacks was created.
The flagship product of the company is the Tortuga Travel Backpack. It was designed and intended for urban travelers who seek to make travel convenient and fun. The backpack is perfect as a carry-on, comfortable to use and has a great pocket system. For people who opt to travel light, Tortuga Backpacks made Tortuga Air.
The founders of the company proudly and exclusively travel with their creations. They aspire for more people to do too. Why? Tortuga Backpacks exists in order to make travel easy and enjoyable. These core principles direct the company to do what they do best. Because of their own experiences in travel, they were able to realize how vital our luggage portrays in creating or converting our travel into the best travel experience of our lives. This is what Tortuga Backpacks stand for.
Tortuga Backpacks gives back
Aside from creating such a great travel packs, Tortuga Backpacks knows how great an opportunity it is to travel the world and experience other cultures. The company understands how costly it could be.
With this, choosing Tortuga means supporting their cause in helping the youth to live and travel in another country. If you buy a bag from Tortuga, you aren't just getting a great travel companion; you are giving somebody a chance to travel.


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Department of Neurology, Taihe Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P. R. China
Received date: January 18, 2016 Accepted date: March 09, 2016 Published date: March 16, 2016
Citation: Zou L, Karim RM, Wang YF (2016) The Research Progress of Long Noncoding RNAs in Autoimmune Diseases. J Neurol Neurophysiol 7:359. doi:10.4172/2155-9562.1000359
Copyright: © 2016 Karim RM, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Long Noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcribed RNAs molecules greater than 200 nucleotides in length. Nowadays, lncRNAs are found to have lots of functions including regulating transcription, post-transcriptional RNA processing, translation, gene rearrangement and chromatin modification. Abnormal expressions and functional abnormity of lncRNAs may play an important role in the development and progress of autoimmune diseases. Thus a systematic and comprehensive profiling of lncRNA will help us to have a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of the diseases. This article will focus on the latest research progress of lncRNA in autoimmune diseases, which will contribute to clinical applications for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Long Noncoding RNAs; Autoimmune diseases; Research strategy; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Rheumatoid arthritis; Multiple sclerosis; Psoriasis; Sjogren's syndrome
Over the past few decades research has generally focused on the protein encoding gene. However in recent years, through genome-wide transcriptional analysis research shows that transcription without choice of mammalian genomes may be common. There are a variety of codes of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) [1,2]. Prior to a period of time within noncoding transcription has been considered junk DNA and transcription of "noises" [3]. However recent studies indicate that, these ncRNA are also involved in the maintenance of tissue homeostasis and other physiological processes of nucleus [4-6]. According to its size ncRNAs can be roughly divided into two main categories: small ncRNAs (<200 nt), such as micro RNA (miRNAs); long chain ncRNA (≥ 200 nt). In the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, miRNA has been shown to be an important regulatory factor of numerous genes and signaling pathways, such as Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Psoriasis (Systemic sclerosis, SSc), Primary Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and Multiple sclerosis (MS) [7,8]. Recently ncRNAs in another major category, long noncoding RNA (lncRNAs) has been widespread concern in the field of molecular biology. A growing body of evidence suggests that this type of RNA can be processed protein coding mRNA and participate in a variety of physiological and biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and immune response [9-13]. Previous studies have found that, lncRNAs focused on exploring the relationship between genomic imprinting, cancer and cell differentiation. On the other hand, current studies have found lncRNAs in innate and acquired immune system, differentiation and activation of immune cells, which play an important regulatory role. This suggests that, lncRNA play a key role in the autoimmune process and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we will briefly introduce the biological effects of lncRNA and summarizes its development in pathogenesis, representing several autoimmune diseases in the current research progress.
Overview of long noncoding RNA
Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) is longer than the RNA molecule 200 nt; itself does not encode proteins with a specific secondary structure, expression of tissue specificity and temporal specificity, often located in the nucleus or inside cytoplasm in the form of RNA in gene transcription regulation, epigenetic level, chromatin modification, post-transcriptional regulation and other multi-level, multiparticipatory biological processes. Recent studies have found, lncRNA general transcription, mutation and regulatory function abnormalities can cause a variety of human diseases [14]. Brief description of the classification and functions LncRNAs are following.
According to lncRNA relative position in the genome encodes protein is mainly divided into five categories: (1) justice lncRNA (2) an antisense lncRNA, both separately are protein-coding sequence of one or more exons encoding forward, reverse overlap (3) two-way lncRNA, refers to this lncRNA expression and protein-coding sequence adjacent to a promoter sequence and is located on the antisense strand, both opposite direction of transcription (4) gene lncRNA, it refers to its sequence entirely by another transcript intron derived lncRNA (5) between gene lncRNA, is located between two genes means independent, not associated with any protein-coding gene sequences transcribed from neighboring lncRNA [15,16]. Most characteristic lncRNA are not exactly accurate classification within the genome. According to their characteristics, these lncRNA are: activated lncRNA (lncRNA-a) gene, ultra-conserved elements gene (pseudogene), telomere associated noncoding RNA (TERRAs), transcription (TUCRs), enhancer RNAs (eRNAs), ring-type RNA [17-20]. These noncoding transcripts often associated with the coding region of the corresponding mRNA or minimal overlap, whether or not it may encode proteins, but these mRNA has its inherent function. LncRNAs has been involved in a variety of ways by a wide range of biological functions, but there is still little known about the molecular mechanism. We understand, LncRNAs major genetic influences can output within genes almost every stage of the life cycle, from remodeling and epigenetic regulation of chromatin, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation to protein metabolism [21,22]. Part lncRNAs involved in chromatin remodeling complex formation and mediated gene silencing [23]. However lncRNAs recycling is achieved within more binding regulatory proteins, RNA and DNA interactions probably by modularity [24]. It also can be used as noncoding DNA which is inherited evolutionary conservation of the transcript, this effect may be related to regulation of cell differentiation [25], genomic rearrangements and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes [4]. LncRNAs has been confirmed, it can adjust the adjacent (cis-acting) within a large number of genomes or remote (trans-acting) of the gene product, or trans-acting transcription-dependent transcription lncRNA called cis-acting lncRNA dependence [26]. Recently, Marques and Ponting nucleus by the appropriate organizations LncRNA genomic features were set target screening and found that most low Shunyi LncRNA characteristic variation while antisense LncRNA characteristic variability may be higher [27]. In addition, a variety of molecular mechanisms and biological functions LncRNA is relevant [28], but research is still limiting its precise understanding of specific mechanisms. Therefore, LncRNAs dysfunctional performance and a variety of human polygenic diseases from cancers of different organs [29] to non-cancerous diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease [30], coronary heart disease [31], myocardial infarction [32] and X chromosome inactivation transcribed (Xist) membranous nephropathy [33]. Meanwhile, LncRNA congenital or acquired immune system are affected alternately, their further research may help us better understand infectious and inflammatory diseases [34,35].
Long noncoding RNA and autoimmune diseases
Over time, autoimmune disease progressed by interaction of genetics and environmental factors, arising from a complex disease. Although significantly progressed the new treatments but for many patients, the long-term effect is still not ideal [36-38]. Therefore, we need a better understanding of the etiology of autoimmune diseases. There are many types of autoimmune diseases, such as: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Multiple sclerosis (MS), Psoriasis and Sjogren's syndrome (SS) etc. Although autoimmune diseases have significant clinical differences, but there are many clinical features and pathogenesis those are substantially the same. For example: SLE, RA, SS and Psoriasis have a chronic inflammatory joint symptoms [39], SLE and SSc exist within the cycle of anti-intracellular antigens autoantibodies; such as antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) [40]. Currently, LncRNAs regulate normal immune function in a variety of evidence that is quite more. However it is not yet in-depth understanding that, lncRNAs disorder is associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. But new evidence has shown that, LncRNAs dysfunction may in autoimmune diseases such as SLE, RA, MS, SS etc., which play a key role [41,42].
Long noncoding RNA and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a typical which is involving in congenital and acquired sophisticated interactivity between systemic autoimmune disease of the immune system, which is lost since nuclear antigen immune tolerance and produce autoantibodies [43]. The main feature of this disease is to produce anti double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) autoantibodies and anti-nuclear autoantigens, other autoantibodies. Despite a lot of research, but there are still many mysteries cause of SLE is now recognized: genetic and epigenetic predisposition; as well as familiar and unfamiliar environmental factors play a pivotal role in the development of SLE [44]. Recently, Genome-wide association studies (GWAS), has identified chromosome 1q25 region which are associated with SLE. A Long noncoding RNA called GAS5 may be a prime candidate for chromosome 1q25 locus associated with SLE. Thus, genetic evidence suggests that: GAS5 is remainder of SLE susceptibility [23,45]. In addition, in a mouse model, GAS5 increased SLE susceptibility, suggesting that the results may influence the effect of glucocorticoids as immunosuppressive agents [23]. The loss of GAS5 promoter Sp1 binding sites can result in low expression of GAS5. So, author guess GAS5 may inhibit cell cycle and apoptosis, which may be exposed and autoantibody production by promoting antigen, involving the incidence of autoimmune diseases [46]. In a recent study, Shi and others in their small sample study, nine cases of female SLE patients monocytes were purified whole transcriptome analysis, gene expression and by comparison with eight healthy control group; they have found that the presence of specific selectivity SLE splicing, alternative polyadenylation, transcription of new sites and reproducible effect on the control monocytes LPS treatment [47]. In addition, the study confirmed that, the carrier in a mouse model of type I interferons, the non-coding RNA expression Aicardi Goutieres syndrome is reduced. Primary miRNA (Pri-miRNA) is clearly induced in the pathogenesis of SLE; these small non-coding RNA is processed to inhibit transcription and regulation of several specific Messenger RNA. Compared with the healthy control group; there are two specific pri-miRNA in SLE monocytes which is significantly increased and the two of miRNA message level is declining, suggesting that pri-miRNA in SLE monocytes are functionally -related. LncRNAs compared additionally to other types of RNA - is unlikely to change in SLE, while those with a significant change in the position of suggesting that, LncRNA involved in the pathogenesis of SLE development. For example, Human immunodeficiency virus type I enhancer binding protein-2 (HIVEP2) itself and an LncRNA (about 800-1500 base) are in the Transcription start site (TSS) upstream of expression in SLE were significantly upregulated. In SLE monocytes, located in LncRNAs on chromosome 6q25.3 has generally offset [41].
Long noncoding RNA and Psoriasis
Psoriasis is a chronic skin and joint manifestations of hyperproliferative diseases, currently affecting the normal life about 2-3% of the total population [48]. Thickening of the skin of patients in psoriasis is mainly due to abnormal basal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation of cells [49]. Changes in gene expression of Psoriasis have been well documented. In addition to protein-coding gene has its own characteristic features, Long non-coding RNA a newly discovered - PRNS (under stress-induced psoriasis-related non-protein-coding RNA), has been demonstrated in patients with psoriasis is not exists in the epidermis, and psoriasis in contrast skin lesions and normal skin are highly expressed; this indicates that PRINS may play an important role in psoriasis susceptibility rather than in psoriatic lesions from the skin to maintain the role [50]. Moreover, some studies have shown that, PRINS play a protective role [50-52] in cellular stress reactions. In addition, Szegedi [53], who found that, PRINS over expressed in psoriasis and adjust G1P3. G1P3 is an anti-apoptotic gene in cancer cells. High expression of G1P3 may help to maintain the development of psoriatic lesions keratinocyte hyperplasia cells, which assist the progress of psoriatic lesions [53]. Therefore, these studies show that, in the epidermis, elevated expression levels of PRINS may play an important role in psoriasis. In addition, RNA interference can reduces RNA PRINS after serum starvation level, but not in normal serum conditions on cell viability. It is proven that, PRINS can also act as "riboregulator" to manage the expression of other genes involved in cell display stress proliferation and survival. Another lncRNA gene, was named PSORS1C3 (psoriasis susceptibility 1 candidate 3); its closer HLA-C, and is located within the PSORS1 sites may also be psoriasis susceptibility gene [54]. To 178 Chinese people with psoriasis vulgaris patients PSORS1C3 correlation analysis of whole genome, we can confirm PSORS1C3 patients with psoriasis vulgaris gene is an important psoriasis susceptibility genes [55].
Long noncoding RNA and Sjogren's syndrome
Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by major exocrine glands, such as salivary, lacrimal gland invasion by inflammation, leading to dry mouth, dry eyes and other symptoms [56]. Age of onset is usually 40-50 years old and mostly is women. SS logo is the performance of B-cell function hyperthyroidism, such as hypergammaglobulinemia, circulating immune complexes and anti- Ro / SSA, anti-La / SSB autoantibodies [57]. In the minor salivary glands (MSG) RNA in a sample study, primary SS may be made Coxsackie B4 virus (CVB4) p2A gene 94bp fragment length; this study may clarify that, CVB4 may induce and maintain effects of primary Sjogren's syndrome [58]. However, in PubMed and MeSH database, Sjogren's syndrome research lncRNA cannot be retrieved; research shows there is still a great prospect.
Long noncoding RNA and Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by chronic inflammatory demyelinating, oligodendrocytes apoptosis and axonal degeneration. Burfoot [59], who demonstrated that, HLA-A*2 and A*3 multiple sclerosis plays an important role in sensitivity, and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) regulate gene HLA-DRB1 complete after two encoded multi-normality which also have an important influence on multiple sclerosis susceptibility. Often due to infection TMEV, an important means of experimental mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Therefore, the role of T cell regulation IFNG-AS1 (Tmevpg1) is considered to be involved in another important means in lncRNA multiple sclerosis disease development [60]. However, lncRNA research in multiple sclerosis more or less, the only research is still at the primary level.
All in all, LncRNA is longer than 200 nt RNA and RNA does not encode proteins, plays an important role in autoimmune diseases such as: Systemic lupus erythematosus, Rheumatoid arthritis, Psoriasis, etc., and a variety of multiple genes in human diseases. Immune cell activation, differentiation and unbalanced expression, T cells, B cells and NK cells in autoimmunity can change is directly linked with lncRNA [41]. However in autoimmune diseases, identification of functional performance of lncRNA still needs to study furthermore. For example, why lncRNA expression in autoimmune diseases is exceptions and what is the specific mechanism? How in the etiology and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases distinguish lncRNAs and other non-coding RNA, or other association epigenetic factor? In addition, it is unclear whether the change lncRNAs plays a causal role in disease progression, whether manipulation of lncRNAs can play a beneficial effect in the treatment of autoimmune diseases? Most of the transcribed noncoding DNA can encode RNA. The relative proportions of noncoding genomic DNA increases the complexity of the development, which indicates that more ncRNA may have their important biological functions as well as in autoimmune diseases like cancer in different organs. In near future, further research will be both in vitro and in vivo application of advanced molecular biology techniques, such as: gene chips and next generation gene sequencing. This will reveal the mysteries disease regulation of lncRNA. Overall, studies of functional lncRNA biology and autoimmune diseases can further deepen the development of autoimmune diseases and understanding of the pathogenesis [41]. In near future, further studies of lncRNAs may contribute to the clinical diagnosis of autoimmune diseases [42]; as well as its clinical application may open up a whole new range of opportunities for treatment [61].