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Hi just a quick sugestion, would it be possible to obtain a current almanac in a PDF format so i could read it on my smart phone or pad. As PDF are not easly messed with but easly sent over email you could have a subscription list that thoughs that have payed in advance could find each month in their in box.
this would also printing costs down for you as you would not need as many down the caves. Not to mention any relevant changes would apear in the next issue or could be sent as a revision.
Im sure someone has already thought of it, but it just seemed a good idear.
yours wayne.

subset: commoncrawl


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Barrio Fiesta: A Filipino Food Fest in the Land of Smiles
In the same way that thousands of islands are scattered in the Orient seas, local festivities are celebrated in various parts of the Philippines. Some are commemorated after a patron saint; some, in honor of a significant individual or a revered family in the community. Some people have created their own festivals to attract tourists, locals and foreigners alike. Regardless of the reason behind its origin, it is generally called a "fiesta".
Fiesta is actually a Spanish word meaning "a religious festivity". But as time went by, the word was gradually attached to any event that calls for a celebration. For Pinoys, a fiesta isn't complete without feasting of foods!
If you've been working overseas for a period of time, this event is something you truly miss. You may sometimes disregard entertaining activities such as amateur singing contests, dance contests, coconut peeling contests and many other games but who will not crave for a table of Filipino delicacies where the rule is "eat all you can"? Oh wait! That's just in one house! Remember the whole neighborhood is waiting for you. Indeed, it is a fiesta element to die for.
To bring OFWs closer to home, 'Barrio Fiesta' was held recently at the Philippine Embassy in Bangkok to commemorate the 117th Anniversary of the PHL Independence Day. With all the elements of a fiesta, Pinoys in Thailand was able to feel the revelry and joys of being home on this season. Along with this gathering are a variety of booths showcasing products and services to Filipinos. And of course, food sale!
Filipino foods extravaganza abound like it's fiesta! You may eat all you can but it is not free. Among the array of mouth-watering cuisines that I tried are:
- Puto at kutsinta – 50 baht per half dozen box.
- Palitaw – 20 baht per 4 pieces
Biko/Sinukmani – 20 baht per small slice
- Halo-halo – 50 baht per medium-sized cup
- Lumpiang Shanghai – 10 baht per small roll
- Paksiw na bangus – 50 baht per serving
- Beef caldereta – 70-180 baht per serving
More popular dishes that are served on that day include:
- tortang talong
- pancit
pinoy-style spaghetti
- pork sinigang
- bopis
- laing
- pininyahang manok
- barbecued hotdogs
- turon
It was truly one of the happiest days for my buds and belly! I was satisfied and filled. If ever one comes without any penny, the freebies will save the day.
Click here for more Barrio Fiesta 2015 photos.
Photos: Jess Tura & Rj Protacio


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My College Essay Wikipedia Shqip
For other uses, see Essay (disambiguation).
For a description of essays as used by Wikipedia editors, see Wikipedia:Essays.
"Essai" redirects here. For other uses, see Essai (disambiguation).
An essay is, generally, a piece of writing that gives the author's own argument — but the definition is vague, overlapping with those of a paper, an article, a pamphlet, and a short story. Essays have traditionally been sub-classified as formal and informal. Formal essays are characterized by "serious purpose, dignity, logical organization, length," whereas the informal essay is characterized by "the personal element (self-revelation, individual tastes and experiences, confidential manner), humor, graceful style, rambling structure, unconventionality or novelty of theme," etc.[1]
Essays are commonly used as literary criticism, political manifestos, learned arguments, observations of daily life, recollections, and reflections of the author. Almost all modern essays are written in prose, but works in verse have been dubbed essays (e.g., Alexander Pope's An Essay on Criticism and An Essay on Man). While brevity usually defines an essay, voluminous works like John Locke's An Essay Concerning Human Understanding and Thomas Malthus's An Essay on the Principle of Population are counterexamples. In some countries (e.g., the United States and Canada), essays have become a major part of formal education. Secondary students are taught structured essay formats to improve their writing skills; admission essays are often used by universities in selecting applicants, and in the humanities and social sciences essays are often used as a way of assessing the performance of students during final exams.
The concept of an "essay" has been extended to other mediums beyond writing. A film essay is a movie that often incorporates documentary filmmaking styles and focuses more on the evolution of a theme or idea. A photographic essay covers a topic with a linked series of photographs that may have accompanying text or captions.
An essay has been defined in a variety of ways. One definition is a "prose composition with a focused subject of discussion" or a "long, systematic discourse".[2] It is difficult to define the genre into which essays fall. Aldous Huxley, a leading essayist, gives guidance on the subject.[3] He notes that "the essay is a literary device for saying almost everything about almost anything", and adds that "by tradition, almost by definition, the essay is a short piece". Furthermore, Huxley argues that "essays belong to a literary species whose extreme variability can be studied most effectively within a three-poled frame of reference". These three poles (or worlds in which the essay may exist) are:
- The personal and the autobiographical: The essayists that feel most comfortable in this pole "write fragments of reflective autobiography and look at the world through the keyhole of anecdote and description".
- The objective, the factual, and the concrete particular: The essayists that write from this pole "do not speak directly of themselves, but turn their attention outward to some literary or scientific or political theme. Their art consists of setting forth, passing judgment upon, and drawing general conclusions from the relevant data".
- The abstract-universal: In this pole "we find those essayists who do their work in the world of high abstractions", who are never personal and who seldom mention the particular facts of experience.
Huxley adds that the most satisfying essays "...make the best not of one, not of two, but of all the three worlds in which it is possible for the essay to exist."
The word essay derives from the French infinitive essayer, "to try" or "to attempt". In English essay first meant "a trial" or "an attempt", and this is still an alternative meaning. The Frenchman Michel de Montaigne (1533–1592) was the first author to describe his work as essays; he used the term to characterize these as "attempts" to put his thoughts into writing, and his essays grew out of his commonplacing.[4] Inspired in particular by the works of Plutarch, a translation of whose Œuvres Morales (Moral works) into French had just been published by Jacques Amyot, Montaigne began to compose his essays in 1572; the first edition, entitled Essais, was published in two volumes in 1580. For the rest of his life, he continued revising previously published essays and composing new ones. Francis Bacon's essays, published in book form in 1597, 1612, and 1625, were the first works in English that described themselves as essays. Ben Jonson first used the word essayist in English in 1609, according to the Oxford English Dictionary.
English essayists included Robert Burton (1577–1641) and Sir Thomas Browne (1605–1682). In France, Michel de Montaigne's three volume Essais in the mid 1500s contain over 100 examples widely regarded as the predecessor of the modern essay. In Italy, Baldassare Castiglione wrote about courtly manners in his essay Il Cortigiano. In the 17th century, the JesuitBaltasar Gracián wrote about the theme of wisdom.[5] During the Age of Enlightenment, essays were a favored tool of polemicists who aimed at convincing readers of their position; they also featured heavily in the rise of periodical literature, as seen in the works of Joseph Addison, Richard Steele and Samuel Johnson. In the 18th and 19th centuries, Edmund Burke and Samuel Taylor Coleridge wrote essays for the general public. The early 19th century, in particular, saw a proliferation of great essayists in English – William Hazlitt, Charles Lamb, Leigh Hunt and Thomas de Quincey all penned numerous essays on diverse subjects. In the 20th century, a number of essayists tried to explain the new movements in art and culture by using essays (e.g., T.S. Eliot). Whereas some essayists used essays for strident political themes, Robert Louis Stevenson and Willa Cather wrote lighter essays. Virginia Woolf, Edmund Wilson, and Charles du Bos wrote literary criticism essays.[5]
Main article: Zuihitsu
As with the novel, essays existed in Japan several centuries before they developed in Europe with a genre of essays known as zuihitsu — loosely connected essays and fragmented ideas. Zuihitsu have existed since almost the beginnings of Japanese literature. Many of the most noted early works of Japanese literature are in this genre. Notable examples include The Pillow Book (c. 1000), by court lady Sei Shōnagon, and Tsurezuregusa (1330), by particularly renowned Japanese Buddhist monk Yoshida Kenkō. Kenkō described his short writings similarly to Montaigne, referring to them as "nonsensical thoughts" written in "idle hours". Another noteworthy difference from Europe is that women have traditionally written in Japan, though the more formal, Chinese-influenced writings of male writers were more prized at the time.
Forms and styles
This section describes the different forms and styles of essay writing. These forms and styles are used by an array of authors, including university students and professional essayists.
Cause and effect
The defining features of a "cause and effect" essay are causal chains that connect from a cause to an effect, careful language, and chronological or emphatic order. A writer using this rhetorical method must consider the subject, determine the purpose, consider the audience, think critically about different causes or consequences, consider a thesis statement, arrange the parts, consider the language, and decide on a conclusion.[6]
Classification and division
Classification is the categorization of objects into a larger whole while division is the breaking of a larger whole into smaller parts.[7]
Compare and contrast
Compare and contrast essays are characterized by a basis for comparison, points of comparison, and analogies. It is grouped by the object (chunking) or by point (sequential). The comparison highlights the similarities between two or more similar objects while contrasting highlights the differences between two or more objects. When writing a compare/contrast essay, writers need to determine their purpose, consider their audience, consider the basis and points of comparison, consider their thesis statement, arrange and develop the comparison, and reach a conclusion. Compare and contrast is arranged emphatically.[8]
Descriptive writing is characterized by sensory details, which appeal to the physical senses, and details that appeal to a reader's emotional, physical, or intellectual sensibilities. Determining the purpose, considering the audience, creating a dominant impression, using descriptive language, and organizing the description are the rhetorical choices to consider when using a description. A description is usually arranged spatially but can also be chronological or emphatic. The focus of a description is the scene. Description uses tools such as denotative language, connotative language, figurative language, metaphor, and simile to arrive at a dominant impression.[9] One university essay guide states that "descriptive writing says what happened or what another author has discussed; it provides an account of the topic".[10]Lyric essays are an important form of descriptive essays.
In the dialectic form of the essay, which is commonly used in philosophy, the writer makes a thesis and argument, then objects to their own argument (with a counterargument), but then counters the counterargument with a final and novel argument. This form benefits from presenting a broader perspective while countering a possible flaw that some may present. This type is sometimes called an ethics paper.[11]
An exemplification essay is characterized by a generalization and relevant, representative, and believable examples including anecdotes. Writers need to consider their subject, determine their purpose, consider their audience, decide on specific examples, and arrange all the parts together when writing an exemplification essay.[12]
An essayist writes a familiar essay if speaking to a single reader, writing about both themselves, and about particular subjects. Anne Fadiman notes that "the genre's heyday was the early nineteenth century," and that its greatest exponent was Charles Lamb.[13] She also suggests that while critical essays have more brain than the heart, and personal essays have more heart than brain, familiar essays have equal measures of both.[14]
History (thesis)
A history essay sometimes referred to as a thesis essay describes an argument or claim about one or more historical events and supports that claim with evidence, arguments, and references. The text makes it clear to the reader why the argument or claim is as such.[15]
A narrative uses tools such as flashbacks, flash-forwards, and transitions that often build to a climax. The focus of a narrative is the plot. When creating a narrative, authors must determine their purpose, consider their audience, establish their point of view, use dialogue, and organize the narrative. A narrative is usually arranged chronologically.[16]
An argumentative essay is a critical piece of writing, aimed at presenting objective analysis of the subject matter, narrowed down to a single topic. The main idea of all the criticism is to provide an opinion either of positive or negative implication. As such, a critical essay requires research and analysis, strong internal logic and sharp structure. Its structure normally builds around introduction with a topic's relevance and a thesis statement, body paragraphs with arguments linking back to the main thesis, and conclusion. In addition, an argumentative essay may include a refutation section where conflicting ideas are acknowledged, described, and criticized. Each argument of argumentative essay should be supported with sufficient evidence, relevant to the point.
An economic essay can start with a thesis, or it can start with a theme. It can take a narrative course and a descriptive course. It can even become an argumentative essay if the author feels the need. After the introduction, the author has to do his/her best to expose the economic matter at hand, to analyze it, evaluate it, and draw a conclusion. If the essay takes more of a narrative form then the author has to expose each aspect of the economic puzzle in a way that makes it clear and understandable for the reader
A reflective essay is an analytical piece of writing in which the writer describes a real or imaginary scene, event, interaction, passing thought, memory, or form — adding a personal reflection on the meaning of the topic in the author's life. Thus, the focus is not merely descriptive. The writer doesn't just describe the situation, but revisits the scene with more detail and emotion to examine what went well, or reveal a need for additional learning — and may relate what transpired to the rest of the author's life.
Other logical structures
The logical progression and organizational structure of an essay can take many forms. Understanding how the movement of thought is managed through an essay has a profound impact on its overall cogency and ability to impress. A number of alternative logical structures for essays have been visualized as diagrams, making them easy to implement or adapt in the construction of an argument.[17]
Main article: Free response
In countries like the United States and the United Kingdom, essays have become a major part of a formal education in the form of free response questions. Secondary students in these countries are taught structured essay formats to improve their writing skills, and essays are often used by universities in these countries in selecting applicants (seeadmissions essay). In both secondary and tertiary education, essays are used to judge the mastery and comprehension of the material. Students are asked to explain, comment on, or assess a topic of study in the form of an essay. In some courses, university students must complete one or more essays over several weeks or months. In addition, in fields such as the humanities and social sciences,[citation needed] mid-term and end of term examinations often require students to write a short essay in two or three hours.
In these countries, so-called academic essays also called papers, are usually more formal than literary ones.[citation needed] They may still allow the presentation of the writer's own views, but this is done in a logical and factual manner, with the use of the first person often discouraged. Longer academic essays (often with a word limit of between 2,000 and 5,000 words)[citation needed] are often more discursive. They sometimes begin with a short summary analysis of what has previously been written on a topic, which is often called a literature review.[citation needed]
Longer essays may also contain an introductory page that defines words and phrases of the essay's topic. Most academic institutions require that all substantial facts, quotations, and other supporting material in an essay be referenced in a bibliography or works cited page at the end of the text. This scholarly convention helps others (whether teachers or fellow scholars) to understand the basis of facts and quotations the author uses to support the essay's argument and helps readers evaluate to what extent the argument is supported by evidence, and to evaluate the quality of that evidence. The academic essay tests the student's ability to present their thoughts in an organized way and is designed to test their intellectual capabilities.
One of the challenges facing universities is that in some cases, students may submit essays purchased from an essay mill (or "paper mill") as their own work. An "essay mill" is a ghostwriting service that sells pre-written essays to university and college students. Since plagiarism is a form of academic dishonesty or academic fraud, universities and colleges may investigate papers they suspect are from an essay mill by using plagiarism detection software, which compares essays against a database of known mill essays and by orally testing students on the contents of their papers.[18]
Magazine or newspaper
Main article: Long-form journalism
Essays often appear in magazines, especially magazines with an intellectual bent, such as The Atlantic and Harpers. Magazine and newspaper essays use many of the essay types described in the section on forms and styles (e.g., descriptive essays, narrative essays, etc.). Some newspapers also print essays in the op-ed section.
Employment essays detailing experience in a certain occupational field are required when applying for some jobs, especially government jobs in the United States. Essays known as Knowledge Skills and Executive Core Qualifications are required when applying to certain US federal government positions.
A KSA, or "Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities," is a series of narrative statements that are required when applying to Federal government job openings in the United States. KSAs are used along with resumes to determine who the best applicants are when several candidates qualify for a job. The knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for the successful performance of a position are contained on each job vacancy announcement. KSAs are brief and focused essays about one's career and educational background that presumably qualify one to perform the duties of the position being applied for.
An Executive Core Qualification, or ECQ, is a narrative statement that is required when applying to Senior Executive Service positions within the US Federal government. Like the KSAs, ECQs are used along with resumes to determine who the best applicants are when several candidates qualify for a job. The Office of Personnel Management has established five executive core qualifications that all applicants seeking to enter the Senior Executive Service must demonstrate.
Non-literary types
A film essay (or "cinematic essay") consists of the evolution of a theme or an idea rather than a plot per se, or the film literally being a cinematic accompaniment to a narrator reading an essay.[citation needed] From another perspective, an essay film could be defined as a documentary film visual basis combined with a form of commentary that contains elements of self-portrait (rather than autobiography), where the signature (rather than the life story) of the filmmaker is apparent. The cinematic essay often blends documentary, fiction, and experimental film making using tones and editing styles.[19]
The genre is not well-defined but might include propaganda works of early Soviet parliamentarians like Dziga Vertov, present-day filmmakers including Chris Marker,[20]Michael Moore (Roger & Me (1989), Bowling for Columbine (2002) and Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004)), Errol Morris (The Thin Blue Line (1988)), Morgan Spurlock (Supersize Me: A Film of Epic Portions) and Agnès Varda. Jean-Luc Godard describes his recent work as "film-essays".[21] Two filmmakers whose work was the antecedent to the cinematic essay include Georges Méliès and Bertolt Brecht. Méliès made a short film (The Coronation of Edward VII (1902)) about the 1902 coronation of King Edward VII, which mixes actual footage with shots of a recreation of the event. Brecht was a playwright who experimented with film and incorporated film projections into some of his plays.[19]Orson Welles made an essay film in his own pioneering style, released in 1974, called F for Fake, which dealt specifically with art forger Elmyr de Hory and with the themes of deception, "fakery," and authenticity in general. These are often published online on video hosting services.[22][23]
David Winks Gray's article "The essay film in action" states that the "essay film became an identifiable form of filmmaking in the 1950s and '60s". He states that since that time, essay films have tended to be "on the margins" of the filmmaking the world. Essay films have a "peculiar searching, questioning tone ... between documentary and fiction" but without "fitting comfortably" into either genre. Gray notes that just like written essays, essay films "tend to marry the personal voice of a guiding narrator (often the director) with a wide swath of other voices".[24] The University of Wisconsin Cinematheque website echoes some of Gray's comments; it calls a film essay an "intimate and allusive" genre that "catches filmmakers in a pensive mood, ruminating on the margins between fiction and documentary" in a manner that is "refreshingly inventive, playful, and idiosyncratic".[25]
In the realm of music, composer Samuel Barber wrote a set of "Essays for Orchestra," relying on the form and content of the music to guide the listener's ear, rather than any extra-musical plot or story.
A photographic essay strives to cover a topic with a linked series of photographs. Photo essays range from purely photographic works to photographs with captions or small notes to full-text essays with a few or many accompanying photographs. Photo essays can be sequential in nature, intended to be viewed in a particular order — or they may consist of non-ordered photographs viewed all at once or in an order that the viewer chooses. All photo essays are collections of photographs, but not all collections of photographs are photo essays. Photo essays often address a certain issue or attempt to capture the character of places and events.
Visual arts
In the visual arts, an essay is a preliminary drawing or sketch that forms a basis for a final painting or sculpture, made as a test of the work's composition (this meaning of the term, like several of those following, comes from the word essayJA's meaning of "attempt" or "trial").
See also
- ^Holman, William (2003). A Handbook to Literature (9 ed.). New Jersey: Prentice Hall. p. 193.
- ^Gale – Free Resources – Glossary – DEArchived 2010-04-25 at the Wayback Machine.. Gale.cengage.com. Retrieved March 23, 2011.
- ^Aldous Huxley, Collected Essays, "Preface".
- ^"Book Use Book Theory: 1500–1700: Commonplace Thinking". Lib.uchicago.edu. Archived from the original on 2013-08-01. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
- ^ abessay (literature) – Britannica Online EncyclopediaArchived 2009-12-04 at the Wayback Machine.. Britannica.com. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
- ^Chapter 7: Cause and Effect in Glenn, Cheryl. Making Sense: A Real-World Rhetorical Reader. Ed. Denise B. Wydra, et al. Second ed. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2005.
- ^Chapter 5: Classification and Division in Glenn, Cheryl. Making Sense: A Real-World Rhetorical Reader. Ed. Denise B. Wydra, et al. Second ed. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2005.
- ^Chapter 6: Comparison and Contrast in Glenn, Cheryl. Making Sense: A Real-World Rhetorical Reader. Ed. Denise B. Wydra, et al. Second ed. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2005.
- ^Chapter 2: Description in Glenn, Cheryl. Making Sense: A Real-World Rhetorical Reader. Ed. Denise B. Wydra, et al. Second ed. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2005.
- ^Section 2.1 of the Simon Fraser University CNS Essay Handbook. Available online at: sfu.ca
- ^"How to Write an Ethics Paper (with Pictures) - wikiHow". Archived from the original on 2016-08-28. Retrieved 2016-07-01.
- ^Chapter 4: Exemplification in Glenn, Cheryl. Making Sense: A Real-World Rhetorical Reader. Ed. Denise B. Wydra, et al. Second ed. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2005.
- ^Fadiman, Anne. At Large and At Small: Familiar Essays. p. x.
- ^Fadiman, At Large and At Small, xi.
- ^History Essay Format & Thesis Statement, (February 2010)
- ^Chapter 3 Narration in Glenn, Cheryl. Making Sense: A Real-World Rhetorical Reader. Ed. Denise B. Wydra, et al. Second ed. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2005.
- ^"'Mission Possible' by Dr. Mario Petrucci"(PDF). Archived from the original on 2014-10-26. Retrieved 2014-10-25.
- ^Khomami, Nadia (20 February 2017). "Plan to crack down on websites selling essays to students announced". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 27 April 2017.
- ^ abCinematic Essay Film GenreArchived 2007-08-08 at the Wayback Machine.. chicagomediaworks.com. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
- ^(registration required) Lim, Dennis (July 31, 2012). "Chris Marker, 91, Pioneer of the Essay Film"Archived 2012-08-03 at the Wayback Machine.. The New York Times. Retrieved July 31, 2012.
- ^Discussion of film essaysArchived 2007-08-08 at the Wayback Machine.. Chicago Media Works.
- ^Kaye, Jeremy (2016-01-17). "5 filmmakers that have mastered the art of the Video Essay". Medium. Archived from the original on 2017-08-30. Retrieved 2017-07-05.
- ^Liptak, Andrew (2016-08-01). "This filmmaker deep-dives into what makes your favorite cartoons tick". The Verge. Archived from the original on 2017-08-30. Retrieved 2017-07-05.
- ^Gray, David Winks (January 30, 2009). "The essay film in action". San Francisco Film Society. Archived from the original on March 15, 2009.
- ^"Talking Pictures: The Art of the Essay Film". Cinema.wisc.edu. Retrieved March 22, 2011.
Further reading
- Theodor W. Adorno, "The Essay as Form" in: Theodor W. Adorno, The Adorno Reader, Blackwell Publishers 2000.
- Beaujour, Michel. Miroirs d'encre: Rhétorique de l'autoportrait'. Paris: Seuil, 1980. [Poetics of the Literary Self-Portrait. Trans. Yara Milos. New York: NYU Press, 1991].
- Bensmaïa, Reda. The Barthes Effect: The Essay as Reflective Text. Trans. Pat Fedkiew. Minneapolis: Univ. of Minnesota Press, 1987.
- D'Agata, John (Editor), The Lost Origins of the Essay. St Paul: Graywolf Press, 2009.
- Giamatti, Louis. "The Cinematic Essay", in Godard and the Others: Essays in Cinematic Form. London, Tantivy Press, 1975.
- Lopate, Phillip. "In Search of the Centaur: The Essay-Film", in Beyond Document: Essays on Nonfiction Film. Edited by Charles Warren, Wesleyan University Press, 1998. pp. 243–270.
- Warburton, Nigel. The basics of essay writing. Routledge, 2006. ISBN 0-415-24000-X, ISBN 978-0-415-24000-0
External links
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Essays.
A classroom is a learning space, a room in which both children and adults learn. Classrooms are found in educational institutions of all kinds, from preschools to universities, and may also be found in other places where education or training is provided, such as corporations and religious and humanitarian organizations. The classroom attempts to provide a space where learning can take place uninterrupted by outside distractions.
Types of classroom[edit]
For lessons that require specific resources or a vocational approach, different types of classrooms both indoors and outdoors are used. This allows for learning in an authentic context that fosters the natural development of the particular vocational skill.[1] This is known as situated learning. Classrooms can range from small groups of five or six to big classrooms with hundreds of students. A large class room is also called a lecture hall. A few examples of classrooms are computer labs which are used for IT lessons in schools, gymnasiums for sports, and science laboratories for biology, chemistry and physics. There are also small group classrooms where students learn in groups of about 7 or less.
Most classrooms have a large writing surface where the instructor or students can share notes with other members of the class. Traditionally, this was in the form of a blackboard but these are becoming less common in well-equipped schools because of new alternatives like flipcharts, whiteboards and interactive whiteboards. Many classrooms also have TVs, maps, charts, pencils, books, monographs and LCD projectors for presenting information and images from a computer.
In the past, schools and institutions would often have one computer lab that served the entire school only at certain times of the week. Computers in the classroom itself increase interest in learning and awareness of the importance of what is being taught. Children are less likely to feel that a subject is archaic if the teacher uses new technological instructional techniques, increasing the students' interest in learning something new. A study shows that children taught with the integration of technology improved in testing significantly over those who did not.[2]
The Classroom of the Future is an education project in the United Kingdom. Twelve local education authorities sharing about £13 million to develop around 30 pilot projects. The buildings have roughly three classrooms in them, which contain enough laptops or tablet computers for each person. The classrooms are designed to be environmentally friendly. The buildings contain toilets which use rainwater, and use windturbines and solar panels for electricity and heating.
Both the facilities and the curriculum of educational institutions can be organized in different models, including the configuration of individual classrooms, clusters, and entire institutions. These include departmental, academies, integrated, learning communities, and school-within-a-school models.
Decor and design[edit]
The layout, design and decor of the classroom has a significant effect upon the quality of the educational experience.[3] Attention to the acoustics and colour scheme may reduce distractions and aid concentration. The lighting and furniture likewise influence factors such as student attention span.[4]
Historically, relatively few pupil-centric design principles were used in the construction of classrooms. In 19th century Britain, one of the few common considerations was to try and orient new buildings so the class windows faced north as much as possible, while avoiding west or southern facing windows, as in Britain northern light causes less glare.[5] Desks were often arranged in columns and rows, with a teacher's desk at the front, where he or she would stand and lecture the class. Little color was used for fear of distracting the children. In the 1950s and 60s cheap and harsh fluorescent lights were sometimes used, which could cause eyestrain. Research has suggested that optimal use of daylight, acoustics, color selection and even the arrangement of the furniture in the classroom can affect pupils academic success.[citation needed]Georgetown University found that test scores increased by 11% through the improvement of a classroom's physical environment.[6]
In the design of a classroom, desk arrangements are essential to the decor and design of the classroom followed by seating arrangements for the students. Usually classroom desks are arranged in rows or columns, but there are many more ways to arrange the desks, for example making a circle with the desks so that it's more of a group discussion or having the desks in a "U" shape for group discussions and easy access for the teacher. Color is also a big asset to the classroom by realating the colors to the subjects learned in the classroom to help the students learn. Also color helps the atmosphere be fun and exciting and help visual stimulation for the students.
The acoustics of the classroom are very often overlooked, but are an important part of the success of a child. Choosing only materials that cause sound to reverberate, such as tile floors and hard wall surfaces, greatly increases noise levels and can prove detrimental to learning. One study of hyperactive versus control groups of children found that white noise has no impact on either group, but that auditory stimulation such as distant conversations or music has a negative effect on both groups of students. Children with attention deficit disorder scored higher on tests when white noise was being pumped into the classroom than when music was played. The control group of children as well as the hyperactive group of children averaged the same test scores when there was no sound as when white noise was being played.[7]
By utilizing soft surfaces, especially on the floor, the sounds within and outside of the classroom will be diminished, taking away from the distractions facing students and improving not just the test scores of hyperactive children, but those without attention deficit disorder as well. Although carpet is an obvious choice for sound absorption, it may not be suitable for high traffic areas like hallways. In such cases, other sound absorbing materials, such as cork, can be used. The use of sound absorbing ceiling tiles may also be a wise choice for areas where carpet cannot be used for practical purposes.
Color selection[edit]
Color theory refers to the psychological effects color has on the human body. Red is said to increase both aggression and appetite, a poor combination for a school's interior. Yellow increases adrenaline levels and is also undesirable for a school setting. Blue, green, and brown create a relaxing and calming environment, which is a positive for the classroom.[8] However, blue also is associated with cold and sadness and elongates the sense of time, which would make a blue classroom tortuous for students (Vodvarka, 1999). Warm colors are often favored by students, making them more alert and increasing brain activity, which helps in increasing test scores. Cool colors had the opposite effect.[9] By balancing warm and cool colors, bright and subdued, a pleasing effect can be achieved that will reduce absenteeism in schools and keep the students focused on what the teacher is saying. Test scores go up when children are not in a stark white environment, which can feel sterile and cold.[10][11]
Furniture arrangement[edit]
Furniture is an important aspect because students spend most of their time seated in the classroom. The furniture should be able to move and easy to arrange to allow students to sit in places that are best suited for their learning styles.[12]
Traditionally, classrooms have had one setup: straight rows of desks facing the front of the classroom. The row style allows teachers ample amount of space to walk around.[13] This makes it easier for teachers to supervise the students work and catch any students that may be misbehaving, insuring that students stay focused. Studies have found that the row style also fosters less off topic talking causing the atmosphere to be more conducive to learning.[14] While the row style sounds ideal from a teacher's stand point it can be damaging to the student's well being. The row style of desk arrangement has been found to cause the students to withdraw.[15]
An alternative to the traditional row style desk pavement is to arrange the desks in groups. Phil Beadle, a UK Secondary Teacher of the Year, believes that it is best to arrange the desks in groups of six desks if at all possible. This allows for the most use out of the desk arrangement as you have the ability to utilize groups of two, three, or six students without moving a single chair.[16] Beadle isn't the only teacher to swear by group desk arrangement; studies have shown that the group desk placement setup produces a greater number of on task actions than any other form of desk placement.[15] The group setup does have one potentially serious negative side effect. Students sitting in group desk placements are more likely to misbehave when the teacher isn't looking, like using iPads that are provided by the school, such as in the Cupertino Union School District.[13] To avoid this the groups of desks should be arranged around the outside of the room giving the teacher plenty of room to walk around and supervise as well as providing room for kinesthetic activities that can be beneficial to the students learning.[16]
The final popular desk arrangement is the circle/semicircle placement. This particular desk setup is growing in popularity due to the numerous positive outcomes it provides. The circle desk arrangement facilitates the flow of ideas by fostering positive group dynamics.[13] When sitting in a circle it is easier for students to not only see who is talking, but to make eye contact with the speaker. Students sitting in a circle arrangement tend to feel more comfortable speaking up and asking questions.[14] This style of desk placement also makes it easier for teachers to control the class, preventing misbehaving and off task comments as it allows them to e asily see all the students, and allows all the students to see the teacher.[13]
Challenges to the classroom[edit]
Online learning technologies make it possible for learning to take place at any time, at any place, and at any pace that the learner desires. This is particularly important for adult students who may need to schedule their learning around work and parenting responsibilities.[17] According to the American Society for Training and Development, as of 2014, approximately 25% of employee training hours take place online rather than in a classroom.[18] However, critics argue that even the classroom space is full of distractions in the 21st century since even though access to the online world may be restricted by some institutions, students may find distractions in their physical vicinity and so tend to multitask and divide their attention without focusing on any one task at a time.[19]
The traditional classroom has also been attacked by advocates of various forms of alternative education. Italian educator Maria Montessori wrote that "Stationary desks and chairs [are] proof that the principle of slavery still informs the school".[20]
See also[edit]
Further reading[edit]
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to Classrooms.
- ^Situated Learning Theory, archived from the original on 2013-06-26
- ^Hopson, M. H.; Simms, R. L. & Knezek, G. A. (2002), "Using a technology-enriched environment to improve higher-order thinking skills", Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 34 (2): 109–119, doi:10.1080/15391523.2001.10782338
- ^Woolner, Pamela (2010). The Design of Learning Spaces. p. 35. ISBN 1855397749.
- ^Mira, Ricardo García; Camaselle, José M; Martinez, José R (2003). Culture, Environmental Action, and Sustainability. p. 326. ISBN 1616762829.
- ^DFE (1994), Passive Solar Schools - A Design Guide, HMSO, pp. 7–8, ISBN 0-11-270876-5
- ^"The Value of Good Design"(PDF). Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment. 2002. B2.
- ^Zentall, Sydney S.; Shaw, Jandira H.; Shaw (December 1980), "Effects of classroom noise on performance and activity of second-grade hyperactive and control children", Journal of Educational Psychology, 72 (6): 830–840, doi:10.1037/0022-0622.214.171.1240, PMID 7204739
- ^Dyck, James (2002), "The Built Environment's Effect on Learning: Applying Current Research", Montessori Life, 14 (1): 53
- ^Jago, Elizabeth, Comp.; Tanner, Ken, Comp. (April 1999), Influence of the School Facility on Student Achievement: Lighting; Color, archived from the original on 2012-07-16
- ^Fielding, Randall (March 2006), "What They See Is What They Get: Ten Myths about Lighting and Color in Schools", Edutopia, 2 (2): 28–30
- ^Color Theory for Classrooms and Schools, National Institute of Building Sciences
- ^Rosenfeld, Lawrence (5 November 2009). "Setting the Stage for Learning". Theory Into Practice. 16 (3): 167–173. doi:10.1080/00405847709542693. Retrieved 4 March 2015.
- ^ abcd"Do Seating Arrangements have an Impact on Student Learning?". Professional Learning Board. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ^ abWannarka, Rachel; Ruhl, Kathy (May 2008). "Seating arrangements that promote positive academic and behavioural outcomes: a review of empirical research". Support for Learning. 23 (2): 89–93. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9604.2008.00375.x. Retrieved 17 September 2014.
- ^ abRosenfield; Lambert; Black (1985). "Desk Arrangement Effects On Pupil Classroom Behavior". ournal of Educational Psychology.
- ^ abBeadle, P. (2010). . How to Teach: The ultimate (and ultimately irreverent) look at what you should be doing in your classroom if you want to be the best teacher you can possibly be. Crown House Publishing.
- ^Chute, Eleanor (16 October 2007), Online courses increase in popularity, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, retrieved 7 May 2013
- ^Miller, Laurie (2014-11-08). "2014 State of the Industry Report: Spending on Employee Training Remains a Priority". Retrieved 2015-01-17.
- ^"Attention, and Other 21st-Century Social Media Literacies". er.educause.edu. Retrieved 2015-12-16.
- ^Maria Montessori (1 September 2006), The Montessori Method, Cosimo, Inc., p. ix, ISBN 978-1-59605-943-6, retrieved 8 June 2013


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The Carpal Detachment Syndrome
We investigated the distal attachments of the TFCC to the ulnar carpal bones. It was found that in 7 % of cases, the triquetrum is covered by capsular tissue and not exposed into the joint. Detachment of that tissue causes impingement and ulnar pain. Arthroscopic debridement is curative. In our experience, up to 25 % of patients have this condition.
KeywordsArticular Surface Cartilage Defect Triamcinolone Acetonide Carpal Bone Ulnar Collateral Ligament
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- 1.Garcia-Elias M (1998) Soft-tissue anatomy and relationships about the ulna. Hand Clin 14:165–176PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 2.Hogikyan JV, Louis DS (1992) Embryologic development and variations in the anatomy of the ulnocarpal ligamentous complex. J Hand Surg 17A:719–723Google Scholar
- 3.Lewis OJ, Hamshere RJ, Bucknill TM (1970) Anatomy of the wrist joint. J Anat 106:539–552PubMedGoogle Scholar
- 4.Nishikawa S, Toh S (2002) Anatomical study of carpal attachment of triangular fibrocartilage complex. J Bone Joint Surg 84B:1062–1065CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- 5.Nishikawa S, Toh S, Miura H et al (2002) The carpal detachment injury of the triangular fibrocartilage complex. J Hand Surg 27B:86–89Google Scholar
- 6.Ono H, Gilula LA, Marzke MW et al (1996) Bicompartmentalization of the radiocarpal joint. J Hand Surg 21A:789–793Google Scholar
- 7.Palmer AK, Werner FW, Eng MM (1981) The triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist. Anatomy and function. J Hand Surg 6:153–162Google Scholar
- 8.Watson HK, Weinzweig J (1999) Triquetral impingement ligament tear (TILT). J Hand Surg 24-B:321–324Google Scholar
Copyright information
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012


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At least if money market derivatives are to be believed.
Traders, who have consistently been better at projecting the path of interest rates than the Fed itself, are now pricing in a greater probability that policy makers will cut rates in upcoming meetings than raise them. They don't assign more than a 50 percent chance of an increase until the beginning of 2018, and don't price in a full rate hike until the final quarter of the year.
The sea change in outlook for central bank policy comes after global equities and commodities plunged while government bonds and the dollar surged following Britain's vote to quit the European Union. That's tightened financial conditions in the world's largest economy, driven down inflation expectations and dimmed the outlook for global growth.
"The market is pricing in a non-trivial probability of a Fed rate cut over the next couple of months," said Aaron Kohli, a fixed-income strategist in New York at BMO Capital Markets, one of the 23 primary dealers that trade with the central bank. "The Fed is really boxed in now, so the market doesn't even begin to price in any real chance of hikes until mid-2017."
For more on the...


text: Hi, I have a iPhone4 Jailbreaked running iOS 5.1.1 I was Trying to connect it with Speakers using 3.5mm Splitter Jack. My iPhone does not had any screw at bottom, so the back part opened and the battery came out but it was still connected to the terminal. At this time the iPhone Shut off immediately, i Tried putting battery inside the place and it wont turn on... I tried connecting it with Power Outlet using charger, It turned on and Showed Apple Logo and started Flashing.. It shows Apple logo for few seconds, then restarts.. I am stucked at loop as well as iPhone4 not turning on with battery connected. At very first time turned it on while connected to charger, and On Settings i saw No WiFi Available.. This option was transparent and was not clickable.. I did factory reset but after that it start flashing apple logo and infinite boot loop. 1. Pressing Home + Power button for 10 or 25 seconds not working. 2. I removed battery from terminal, and put it back and tried to turn on, Not worked!! 3. I unplugged the small diode near battery terminal, and put it back, but it did not work!! 4. I cant restore, because i know if i restore the only option i will have is to go to repair shop.. It does not support battery and on Restoring sometime iTunes disconnect and connects multiple time.. Without Battery it will stuck and may permanently bricked. 5. battery was working fine,, Given 48 hours of backup since yesterday.. I dont think it can be dead instantly.. 6. I am totally depend on your valuable advise on macrumour forum, please help I dont have any warranty. I dont have any Apple Store, and i dont have any money to get it repaired going away to this city. I am seeking help to send me any suggestions (tricks) that will work and help me get it fixed.


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Questions? Find answers to the most frequently asked questions below.
After purchasing tickets, you will be shown a link to download your ticket(s). You will also be emailed a receipt that contains a download link for each ticket purchased.
Each ticket contains a unique barcode that will be scanned in upon arrival.
Tickets can be scanned in by showing the PDF on your phone, but we recommend printing your ticket(s) to ensure readability by our scanners.
Doors open at 8pm on New Year's Eve – December 31st, 2017.
Entry to the Niagara Room NYE party will be the Delaware Ave entrance of Statler City.
107 Delaware Ave. Buffalo, NY 14202
Early bird tickets are $60. The ticket price will be increased closer to the event, so we recommend getting your tickets early to ensure the best price!
Yes, there will be 3 hours of open bar lasting from 10pm – 1am. There will be cash bars outside of these times.
Absolutely. Access to the event is restricted to persons ages 21+ only, no exceptions. Proper ID will be required for entry.
Free parking for guests will be available at the nearby Turner Ramp
Access to the Statler City Ice Ball not included with Niagara Room ticket.
Ice Ball tickets sold separately, here.
Please email us at firstname.lastname@example.com with any questions or concerns you may have.


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Skookum Festival to allow in-and-out privileges, announces single-day tickets, daily lineup
Due to an outpouring of demand, Skookum Festival organizers have announced in-and-out privileges will be allowed at the three-day event.
The update comes just one day before the release of the festival's daily lineup and the same week single-day tickets were set to go on sale.
"SKOOKUM pass update! We've heard your feedback on festival ins-and-outs and are pleased to announce that we will allow for festival re-entry privileges across all weekend and single day passes," organizers said in a Facebook post on Tuesday afternoon.
The update also noted that the daily schedule – which details which day each performer would take the stage – would be released Wednesday, with single-day tickets going on sale Friday at 10 a.m.
No pricing has been released for the single-day tickets at this time though those subscribed to the Skookum mailing list will receive priority pre-sale information before Friday's on-sale date. Tier 2 weekend passes are still available currently for $319 plus services charges and taxes, while tier 1 passes sold out last month.
The Sept. 7 to 9 festival will take place on Brockton Field in downtown Vancouver's Stanley Park. Whereas other music festivals include camping, Skookum will not.
The lineup for the festival was announced last month and will include The Killers, Florence + The Machine, Metric, Mother Mother and Blue Radio as headliners, as well as a number of others as support acts.
BrandLive, which previously produced the Squamish Valley Music Festival, will present the in-town event. The company had previously produced a 2012 fundraiser concert in Stanley Park for the Sarah McLachlan School of Music.


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Reprinted from yesterday's late editions.
True to the title of one of his albums, Joe Pass is a virtuoso - a master who until a few years ago was a Hollywood studio guitarist known only to musicians and a relatively small number of fans. Now, though prolific recordings for Norman Granz's Pablo label, Pass has become one of the best-known jazz artists on his instrument.
For his engagement this week at Blues Alley, Pass is playing solo, by far the most challenging setting for a guitarist. Assuredly, he has the necessary technical gifts: a glowing electric sound, extensive knowledge of chords, rhythmic sureness and the facility to play just about any idea he chooses.
Pass also has a kaleidoscopic repertoire, including standards ("Summertime" and "The Song is you"), jazz pieces ("L'il Darlin'" and "500 Miles High") and current favorites ("You Are the Sunshine of My Life'" and "This Masquerade").
Combining these assets with a witty banstand manner, Pass is well-equipped to meet his self-imposed challenge. The only fault one can find with his playing is his occasional stiffness on tunes with Latin or rock underpinings. This is a minor criticism, though, and certainly does not detract form Pass's formidable reputation.


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Job seekers, do you know your rights when applying to jobs and attending interviews? Knowing your rights can help you protect yourself from discrimination during your job search and assist you to make informed decisions about potentially discriminatory situations.
Employers, do you know what questions to avoid asking potential employees? Not knowing can land you in a lot of hot water! Much of the time, such discrimination is unintentional, but taking the time to educate yourself on what questions are inappropriate to ask and why could save you a lot of trouble down the line.
Check out this handy downloadable tip sheet for job seekers preparing for interviews, created by our own Employment Specialist at Lifetime Networks.


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- Iasi, RO
- £10 /hr
- Available now
I have competencies in (8 yrs work experience):
> Sales manager: involved in all sales phases according to Customer Engagement Lifecycle model (used in IT industry) for sellingmore...I have competencies in (8 yrs work experience):
> Sales manager: involved in all sales phases according to Customer Engagement Lifecycle model (used in IT industry) for selling industrial goods
> Business Consultant in IT industry for the leader of the ERP applications SAP
> Business Consulting: project design, budgeting, business plans for EU programmes
> Marketing (brand manager): marketing plans, BTL projects from concept to implementation and measuring results, website advertising, customer relationship & loyalty developing, PR, networking
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Iasi, Romania
>Human Resources Management Master Degree (2 yrs)
>Management and Business Administration University Graduate (4 yrs)
Area Covered: Romania, East Europe
Work Experience Summary: Job Sales Manager
Period 2009-08 <> present
Name and address of the employer Point Investment SRL
Department Sales/Administrative
Job description
Key Accounts management, closing deals, supervising and customer care activities in industrial goods selling area of safety and protection equipment and materials.
Job SAP Consultant
Period 2007-10 <> 2009-08
Name and address of the employer NESS Romania SRL
Department Software/Technologies
The company has 100-250 employees.
Job description
SAP Production Planning - Controlling Consultant (customer support for industrial goods manufacturing industry) - customizing, unitary and integrated scenario testing, maintaining material master data, product costing, cost center, internal orders, costs periodic reposting.
SAP Device Management (customer support for electricity industry)
- Economical Analysis of device management processes, classical meter reading, devices installation, remove and replacement, meters certification
- System customizing
- Data migration from legacy systems (using EMIGALL)
- Support after Go Live
- Analysis and technical specifications for developments, their testing and users training
- Reports with Query utilitary
Production planning (manufacturing strategies, Bill of Materials, routings, work centers, plan orders, production order and confirmation)
- Customizing and presales activities
Project System and Human Resources SAP modules � key user skills
Level 1 SAP All-in-One Certificate
SAP A1 Level 1 Sales Professional Qualification Acknowledgement
Job Sales & Marketing Manager
Period 2006-12 <> 2007-10
Name and address of the employer S.C. MONDO S.R.L., Iasi
Department Sales
Job description The company has less than 10 employees.
- Conceiving and putting in practice marketing and sales strategies on different commercial channels
- Forecasting and controlling sales and marketing budgets
- Managing Key Accounts clients and distributors relationships
- Analyzing competition and developing new programs to build clients loyalty
Job Brand Coordinator
Period 2005-04 <> 2006-11
Name and address of the employer S.C. ACCORDING GROUP S.R.L.
Department Marketing
Job description The company has 50-100 employees.
- Conceiving promotional activities and implementing them with efficiency in different channels of the market (in the last year we registered an increasing of annual turnover with no less than 65%)
- Creating and building a new brand identity for retail market, conceiving marketing plans and budgeting
- Developing internal and external brand communication materials according to brand architecture
- Organizing special events and specialty seminars
Education Summary: Education and training
Obtained diploma Postuniversitary degree
Period 2002 - 2004
Institution Alexandru Ioan Cuza University Master Degree
City Iasi
Description (specialization) Human Resources Management Master Programme
Obtained diploma University (graduate)
Period 1998 - 2002
Institution Alexandru Ioan Cuza University
City Iasi
Description (specialization) Management and business administration, Business Management Specialization
Personal skills and competences
Foreign Languages German - Beginner; French - Medium; English - Advanced; Norwegian - Beginner;
Driving license Yes
Skills Communication skills, results oriented, team player
Other activities Training courses
AC410 Cost Center Accounting
AC415 Internal Orders
AC010 Business Processes in Financial Accounting
AC040 Business Processes in Management Accounting
SCM500 Processes in Procurement
SCM600 Processes in Sales and Distribution
SAP Technical Supplements
Point I.


text:
Aquino tells Duterte: Dissent is not destabilization
Opposition Sen. Paolo Aquino on Monday assured that they were not in any way involved in any destabilization plot against the government.
"While we disagree with some policies of the administration, ayaw naming magkagulo ang Pilipinas. Destabilization and political uncertainty are not good for anyone," he said.
Aquino urged President Duterte to not equate dissent with destabilization.
Aquino said dissent does not signify an intent to destabilize.
Despite differences in opinion and political color, government officials must work together as political uncertainty will not benefit the country, he said.
At the same time, the senator called on the government to respect the various voices and opinions on contentious policies like the war on drugs.
"Hayaan nating maglabas ng saloobin ang taumbayan sa mga nakikita nilang tama o mali sa pamahalaan. Ito'y bahagi ng demokrasya na ating tinatamasa ngayon at hindi dapat ituring ng pamahalaan bilang destabilisasyon," he said.
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Photo 1 of 4Next
Build Cabinets have 4 photos it's including Kitchen Cabinet Plans, An Error Occurred., Building Cabinets Utility Room Or Garage With These Free Woodworking Plans Building Instead Of Buying Cabinets, WOOD Magazine. Here are the photos:
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Meaning of Build Cabinets
Buildbuild (bild),USA pronunciation v., built or (Archaic) build•ed;
- to construct (esp. something complex) by assembling and joining parts or materials: to build a house.
- to establish, increase, or strengthen (often fol. by up): to build a business; to build up one's hopes.
- to mold, form, or create: to build boys into men.
- to base;
found: a relationship built on trust.
- to make (words) from letters.
- to assemble (cards) according to number, suit, etc., as in melding.
- to engage in the art, practice, or business of building.
- to form or construct a plan, system of thought, etc. (usually fol. by on or upon): He built on the philosophies of the past.
- to increase or develop toward a maximum, as of intensity, tempo, or magnitude (often fol. by up): The drama builds steadily toward a climax.
- build in or into, to build or incorporate as part of something else: to build in bookcases between the windows; an allowance for travel expenses built into the budget.
- build up:
- to develop or increase: to build up a bank account.
- to strengthen.
- to prepare in stages.
- to fill in with houses;
develop into an urban area.
- to praise or flatter.
build′a•ble, adj.
- the physical structure, esp. of a person;
figure: He had a strong build.
- the manner or form of construction: The house was of modern build.
- [Masonry.]
- a vertical joint.
- the vertical dimension of a stone laid on its bed.
Cabinetscab•i•net (kab′ə nit),USA pronunciation n.
- a piece of furniture with shelves, drawers, etc., for holding or displaying items: a curio cabinet; a file cabinet.
- a wall cupboard used for storage, as of kitchen utensils or toilet articles: a kitchen cabinet; a medicine cabinet.
- a piece of furniture containing a radio or television set, usually standing on the floor and often having a record player or a place for phonograph records.
- (often cap.) a council advising a president, sovereign, etc., esp. the group of ministers or executives responsible for the government of a nation.
- (often cap.) (in the U.S.) an advisory body to the president, consisting of the heads of the 13 executive departments of the federal government.
- a small case with compartments for valuables or other small objects.
- a small chamber or booth for special use, esp. a shower stall.
- a private room.
- a room set aside for the exhibition of small works of art or objets d'art.
- Also called cabinet wine. a dry white wine produced in Germany from fully matured grapes without the addition of extra sugar.
- [New Eng.](chiefly Rhode Island and Southern Massachusetts). a milk shake made with ice cream.
- [Archaic.]a small room.
- [Obs.]a small cabin.
- pertaining to a political cabinet: a cabinet meeting.
- private;
- pertaining to a private room.
- of suitable value, beauty, or size for a private room, small display case, etc.: a cabinet edition of Milton.
- of, pertaining to, or used by a cabinetmaker or in cabinetmaking.
- [Drafting.]designating a method of projection(cab′inet projec′tion) in which a three-dimensional object is represented by a drawing(cab′inet draw′ing) having all vertical and horizontal lines drawn to exact scale, with oblique lines reduced to about half scale so as to offset the appearance of distortion. Cf. axonometric, isometric (def. 5), oblique (def. 13). See illus. under isometric.