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Skip to comments.Spitzer Heckled, Asks Public For Forgiveness In Bid For NYC Comptroller
Posted on 07/09/2013 6:45:28 AM PDT by Fitzy_888
As WCBS 880′s Peter Haskell and CBS 2′s Marcia Kramer reported, the former governors return to the campaign trail was not without hecklers, shouting things such as the following:
Spitzer, you cheated on your wife!
You betrayed your constituents. You abandoned your wife. You betrayed everybody!
This is about power. You just want power, man. If you want public service go volunteer somewhere!
Did you leave your black socks on?
Spitzer appeared to take it in stride, as if he expected it.
This is what I look forward to dealing with the public, said Spitzer. This is New York. You know when we go to a ballpark we heckle the pitcher who throws one bad pitch. We have a little bit of the heckler in each one of us. At a certain point it passes the line of decorum, but this is New York. This is politics. Im game for it. I got skin as thick as a rhinoceros so Im ready for anything.
(Excerpt) Read more at newyork.cbslocal.com ...
"What's the going rate for prostitutes in midtown...?"
"Are you going to run with your Weiner buddy?"
Scumbag, slimy sleazeball.
"when we go to a ballpark we heckle the pitcher who throws one bad pitch."
Yeah, that's what you did ahole, you heckled a pitcher.............riiiiight.
The man makes some good points.
It's NYC. The majority of voters there will give him and Weiner a pass for their infedelities. For liberals it's all about keeping power and it doesn't matter who the Democrats put up for elective office they have to win at all costs.
Spitzer is certainly qualified.
See, Spitzer just threw a ball on a 3 - 2 count. What's the big deal?
I give him points for being selective. Other than the potential STD buffet, she is rather good looking for a prostitute.
The Weiner-Spitzer "Dream Ticket". Unbelievable!
If Spitzer gets his shot to send some EEEEEEEEEEEVIL Bankers to prison, he will quickly redeem himself with Democrat voters.
God, how I despise that term "public service". They're all so noble as they line their pockets.
Chuck Todd and the New York Times are having a nervous breakdown over this, lol. Why? They didn't give a damn when Weiner threw his...hat into the ring.
Loved the Drudge lead-in...
What's worse? An arrogant self-absorbed pr!ck or an a$$hole public that votes for him?
A john, a madam, and a dick all running for offices in NYC.
You can't make this stuff up unless you are a demorat.
And they accuse us of our moral hypocrisies.
He's out of wieners league
Pure shamelessness is his modus op. why he'll even get a MB operative in as first lady of nyc with it
Ironic that he would get heckled in the same town poised to elect Mayor Weiner. Have they no shame?
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June 11-15 · 9am-4pm M-TH, 9am-1pm F
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except the Overnight Camps are for boys & girls ages 7-17,
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Copyright 2012-2015 by The National Basketball Academy

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Handling changes to dimensional data across time is one of the trickiest aspects of designing a data warehouse. Dimensional attributes rarely remain static. An individual's address can change, sales reps come and go, and companies introduce new products and phase out old ones. Changing dimensional data can present far-ranging implications when you view the changes over time. For example, if a company reassigns a sales territory to a new sales representative, how can you record the change without making it appear as if the new sales rep had always held that territory? If a customer's name changes, how can you record the change and preserve the old version of the name? Designing a database that accurately and efficiently handles changes is a critical consideration when you're building a data warehouse. In this article, I'll define slowly changing dimensions, discuss the types of changes that a data warehouse needs to accommodate, and show you how to design and maintain a data warehouse that effectively handles change.
Slowly Changing Dimensions Defined
In a dimensional model, you're most interested in reporting on and analyzing facts and measures. However, facts and measures are relevant only when you define them in the context of their dimensions. Dimensions and their attributes, such as those in the examples above, are relatively constant, but they do change over time.
The term slowly changing dimensions is the variation in dimensional attributes over time. The word slowly in this context might seem incorrect. For example, a salesperson or store dimension, as Figure 1 shows, might change rapidly if a company reorganizes. But in general, when compared to a measure in a fact table, changes to dimensional data occur slowly.
The Types of Slowly Changing Dimensions
Within a data warehouse, you can handle slowly changing dimensions in several ways. These methods fall into various categories based on the company's need to preserve an accurate history of the dimensional changes. Ralph Kimball, author of The Data Warehouse Toolkit: Practical Techniques for Building Dimensional Data Warehouses (John Wiley & Sons, 1996), categorized dimensional changes into three types—changes that overwrite history (Type One), preserve history (Type Two), and preserve a version of history (Type Three). The method you use to handle change depends on your company's need to maintain an accurate history of the dimension and the frequency of changes you expect. Here are definitions for each dimensional change type.
Overwriting history (Type One). A Type One change overwrites an existing dimensional attribute with new information. In the customer name-change example, the new name overwrites the old name, and the value for the old version is lost. A Type One change updates only the attribute, doesn't insert new records, and affects no keys.
Preserving history (Type Two). A Type Two change writes a record with the new attribute information and preserves a record of the old dimensional data. Type Two changes let you preserve historical data. Implementing Type Two changes within a data warehouse might require significant analysis and development. Type Two changes accurately partition history across time more effectively than other types. However, because Type Two changes add records, they can significantly increase the database's size.
Preserving a version of history (Type Three). You usually implement Type Three changes only if you have a limited need to preserve and accurately describe history, such as when someone gets married and you need to retain the previous name. Instead of creating a new dimensional record to hold the attribute change, a Type Three change places a value for the change in the original dimensional record. You can create multiple fields to hold distinct values for separate points in time. In the case of a name change, you could create an OLD_NAME and NEW_NAME field and a NAME_CHANGE_EFF_DATE field to record when the change occurs. This method preserves the change. But how would you handle a second name change, or a third, and so on? The side effects of this method are increased table size and, more important, increased complexity of the queries that analyze historical values from these old fields. After more than a couple of iterations, queries become impossibly complex, and ultimately you're constrained by the maximum number of attributes allowed on a table.
Because most business requirements include tracking changes over time, data warehouse architects commonly implement Type Two changes. A data warehouse might use Type Two changes for all attributes in all tables. As an alternative, you can implement a mix of Type One and Type Two changes at an attribute level by implementing Type 2 changes for only attributes whose historical values are important when you're slicing and dicing. For example, users might not need to know an individual's previous name if a name change occurs, so a Type One change would suffice. Users might want the system to show only the person's current name. However, if the company reassigns sales territories, users might need to track who sold what, at what time, and in what territory, necessitating a Type Two change.
Although most data warehouses include Type Two changes, you need to seriously examine the business need to record historical data. Implementing Type Two changes might be necessary, but those changes will increase the database size, degrade performance, and lengthen the development time. You need to carefully evaluate using a Type Two implementation, a Type One implementation, or a hybrid implementation.
Implementing the Types of Slowly Changing Dimensions
Although the three slowly changing dimension types are simple in concept, implementing them isn't trivial. The key to successfully implementing the various types of slowly changing dimensions is in the database design. The design of dimensional models accommodates changes to dimensions. Figure 1 illustrates a basic dimensional model with a single fact table and multiple dimensional tables, including a time dimension. Implementing the various change types is relatively easy in this simple design. For a Type One change, you find and update the appropriate attributes on a specific dimensional record. For example, to update a record in the SALES_PERSON_ DIMENSION to show a change to an individual's SALES_PERSON_NAME field, you simply update one record in the SALES_PERSON_DIMENSION table. This action would update or correct that record for all fact records across time. In a dimensional model, facts have no meaning until you link them with their dimensions. If you change a dimensional attribute without appropriately accounting for the time dimension, the change becomes global across all fact records.
Updating the SALES_PERSON_NAME field once and seeing the change across all fact records is efficient and makes good business sense if the update corrects a misspelling, for example. But suppose a salesperson transfers to a new sales team. Updating the salesperson's dimensional record would update all previous facts so that the salesperson would appear to have always belonged to the new sales team. If you want to preserve an accurate history of who was on which sales team, a Type One change might work for the Sales Name field, but not for the Sales Team field.
To solve the sales team problem, let's look at it as a Type Three change (because of the complexity, I'll look at Type Two changes last in these examples). To implement the Type Three change, you need to alter the dimension structure slightly so it looks like Figure 2. In Figure 2, a Type Three change adds two new attributes—old and new Sales Team fields—and renames one attribute to record the date of the change. Although this method might solve the sales team problem, a Type Three implementation has three disadvantages:
- You can preserve only one change per attribute—old and new or first and last.
- Each Type Three change requires a minimum of one additional field per attribute and two additional fields if you want to record the date of the change.
- Although the dimension's structure contains all the data needed, the SQL code required to extract the information can be complex. Extracting a specific value isn't difficult, but if you want to obtain a value for a specific point in time or multiple attributes with separate old and new values, the SQL statements become long and have multiple conditions. Overall, Type Three changes can store the data of a change, but they can't accommodate multiple changes, nor can they adequately serve the need for summary reporting.
A Type Two change answers the sales team dilemma. With a Type Two change, you don't need to make structural changes to the Sales_Person_Dimension table, but you add a record. Suppose you have a record that looks like Table 1. After you have implemented the Type Two Change, two records appear, as Table 2 illustrates. Each record is related to appropriate facts, which are related to specific points in time in the Time Dimension. This capability illustrates a key benefit of the dimensional model. Although dimensional star schema models are denormalized by OLTP standards, they are partially normalized. One dimensional record may relate to thousands or even millions of fact records. Using a dimensional model drastically reduces—but doesn't eliminate—data redundancy, reduces the database size accordingly, and makes joins more efficient.
This example illustrates two ancillary but important design features. First, the primary key for the Sales_Person_Dimension table is meaningless or generalized, and is typically just a sequential number. You need to avoid designating a primary key that has business value, such as the SALES_PERSON_ID. When you design an OLTP database, you generally don't want to use a field that has meaning as a primary key. This rule is more important in a dimensional model, and even more important when you're implementing Type Two changes. If, for example, you use the SALES_PERSON_ID as the primary key and you assume this business key will always remain unique (which is a dangerous assumption), a Type Two implementation needs to accommodate multiple records per person. In the example of the Type Two change above, the SALES_PERSON_ID never changes. The person is still the same person, but his or her information changes over time. Attempting to use the SALES_PERSON_ID field would cause a primary key integrity violation when you try to insert the second row of data for that same person.
Suppose the source system for the database uses a meaningless key that is guaranteed to never change. Consider implementing the primary key as a composite key that comprises the primary key from the source system and a sequence key identifying the number of the change record in relation to the first record for that entity. Table 3 illustrates the use of a composite key.
Although this composite key can help you move data from the source, it increases the size of the key in the table and in its related fact tables. You need to weigh the efficiencies you'll gain from using the source system key against the related increase in key size. Again, you take a risk if you assume that the source system keys won't change or will always be unique. Assuming that the source system keys won't change forces the data warehouse to depend on the referential integrity of the source system. Any major change to the source system could significantly affect the data warehouse. If the data warehouse has a separate, meaningless key, the data warehouse will more likely be encapsulated well enough that a major source system change would affect the warehouse only internally and would not affect the interfaces to the warehouse.
The second design rule that this example illustrates is the lack of effective dates that identify exactly when the change in the SALES_PERSON_DIMENSION occurred. You don't need effective dates because the TIME_DIMENSION will effectively partition the data over time when it's related to the fact table. The effectiveness of this partitioning depends on the grain of the fact table. If a company slices the facts every day, the system will record the date of the change, but not the hour and minute of the change. The system will record the value the attribute had at the end of the time period.
Although Type Two changes add some complexity, they are manageable in the context of this simple dimensional model. You can design the simplest data marts with a single fact table and a few dimension tables. Multiple fact tables or a snowflake design can dramatically increase the complexity. However, before we look at these issues, let's address implementing slowly changing dimensions in a normalized model. The same issues that arise in multiple fact tables and snowflakes also arise in a normalized design.
Implementing the Change Types in a Normalized Model
In a normalized model (at the third normal form), fact tables and the time dimension might disappear, but the problems in implementing slowly changing dimensions are the same. You can implement any of the three change types, but their implementation becomes more difficult. At first, a normalized model might not seem worth considering in the context of a data warehouse. But normalized models have their place in data warehousing. You encounter dimensional models, especially ones with a single fact table, more often in departmental data marts because you can reduce a department's data requirements to a single set of facts. Enterprise data warehouses (which span the enterprise and have multiple subject areas and data sources), operational data stores (which offer realtime or near realtime data), and data staging areas often take on a more normalized style or hybrid implementation. The ultimate benefit of a dimensional model is the query efficiency for the end users. Enterprise data warehouses, operational data stores, and data staging areas need the capability to load in large amounts of data very fast. A relational design serves this need well.
You implement Type One and Type Three changes in a normalized model the same way you do in a dimensional model, but because a normalized model has no time dimension, implementing Type Two changes is different. Figure 3 illustrates the previous dimensional model translated into a normalized style. The database system uses effective start and end dates instead of the time dimension to store the period for which each record is valid. The previous sales team example before the Type Two change occurred would look like Table 4. After you implemented the Type Two Change, the example would contain two records, as Table 5 illustrates.
A Type Two change would cause an insert, as in the dimensional model, but also an update in the old record. In this normalized model, the SALES_PERSON table's primary key is a composite key of a sequential number and the record's effective start date. An update of the existing record doesn't update its primary key, but by adding a value to the effective end date, the update bounds the period for which this record is valid. The new record has a new effective start date and a NULL for the effective end date, showing that the record remains current.
For querying and reporting purposes, the most current record has an indicator flag set to Y, which means that for the given entity, this record is the most current one in the table. You'll find this marker useful when you query the system if it's an operational data store or when you load data into a dimensional data mart if the table is part of an enterprise data warehouse.
Detecting Changes When Loading Data
Determining which change types to implement is your first step in managing slowly changing dimensions. Detecting a change is the next step. How and whether you need to detect changes depends on the data from the source system. Describing the many variations of accessing the source data is beyond the scope of this article, but suffice it to say that the data load programs' complexity primarily depends on the format of the source data. An example of a complex process would be one in which the data warehouse receives a transactional feed from the source system or only a copy of the source system itself, meaning you have to do the compare snapshots of the source data. You need to compare how the incoming data currently looks to how it looked the last time the data was loaded. An example of a process that's easier to manage is one in which the extraction from the source is only a change file with an addition, update, or delete flag appended to each record.
Note that if you use a Type One and Type Two hybrid, the change you're implementing depends on the specific attributes you're changing. For example, in the Person Dimension in Figure 4, you might determine that the attribute Hobbies is worthy of only a Type One change, but an attribute such as City or State might warrant a Type Two change. An advantage of using this technique is that you can create Type Two (additional) records when you need them, which saves database space and helps query performance. A disadvantage of using this technique is that it requires an extra step to determine whether a Type Two attribute was changed. You can easily detect these changes by comparing the source attribute to the target attribute. But this comparison can become lengthy and unwieldy if you need to compare many attributes. Every attribute addition to the database would require a code change to this compare routine.
As an alternative, you can build an internal table to store the attributes that signal Type Two changes. This table requires only two fields, TABLE_NAME and ATTRIBUTE_NAME. You can then populate the table with all the attributes in the database that signal a Type Two change. The load program (bulk copy program—bcp—won't work here) then needs to query this table, find the appropriate attributes for the table it's loading, and use the result set to build a list of Type Two attributes to check for. This approach allows the designation of Type Two attributes to be dynamic, readily accommodating changes to the table structure.
Cascading Type Two Changes
In a normalized model or a snowflake dimensional model, a Type Two change to a primary key of one table can—and often does—cause the need for an update to the foreign keys of records in related tables. You need to deal with this consequence programmatically with stored procedures or triggers. In SQL Server 2000, look forward to cascading declarative referential integrity (DRI) to significantly ease this burden.
Figure 5 shows a dimensional model with a snowflake design. In this design, you can store more detailed information about the sales region without adding undue overhead to every SALES_PERSON_DIMENSION record. However, the snowflake design of the SALES_PERSON_DIMENSION and REGION table further complicates implementing Type Two changes that you need to resolve with programming logic. If you implement a Type Two change to a record in the SALES_PERSON_DIMENSION, you need to preserve only the SALES_PERSON_REGION_KEY attribute on the record. However, suppose you implement a Type Two change on the Region table. At minimum, you need to take every record in the SALES_PERSON_DIMENSION that includes the old foreign key and update it with the new foreign key for the Type Two change. And suppose a change to the SALES_PERSON_REGION_KEY is a Type Two change in the SALES_PERSON_DIMENSION table. Then for every SALES_PERSON_DIMENSION record, you need to create a Type Two change linking the record to the new Type Two change in the Region table.
Aggregations and Type One Changes
Implementing aggregate dimensions in a database can significantly improve performance for certain queries. However, the performance benefits come at a price. Because Type One changes can overwrite history, they can also change the aggregated history in any aggregated tables. Therefore, you need to implement a process to accurately and efficiently update the aggregate tables. In general, you can solve this problem in one of three ways:
Recalculate the aggregate tables. You can rebuild the entire physical aggregate dimension from scratch. This method doesn't require extra code, but the processing times might be long, depending on the data volumes.
Use virtual aggregates. With this method, you don't build an aggregate dimension. Instead, you implement the aggregated dimensions with views by using the GROUP BY parameter in your SELECT statement. This method doesn't require extra updating logic, but the query times might be long and it serves only the most basic aggregations.
Use corrected transactions. With this option, the aggregate table physically exists, and you need to write a custom program to detect changes in the detail dimension and create a transaction that updates the associated aggregate records.
Designing for Change
If you design or use a data warehouse, you can't avoid slowly changing dimensions and their considerable design and development overhead. The challenges of handling slowly changing dimensions go far beyond the examples in this article. For example, implementing slowly changing dimensions in OLAP Services presents complex challenges (for more information, see "Data Warehousing Step By Step," page 25). If you design a data warehouse with a clear understanding of the types of changes, the business need to preserve historical information, and how to properly implement history, the data warehouse will meet users' expectations well into the future.


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Power outage crashed HD, 'bootable' CD won't boot!
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Joined: 17 Apr 2012
Posts: 21
Posted: Tue 01 Jan 2013, 16:20
Post subject:
Power outage crashed HD, 'bootable' CD won't boot!
Last night, we had a power outage, which happens here from time to time. Usually, the computer reboots, runs a disk check, then reboots again. This time, not so much.
It ran a disk check, rebooted, and then upon attempting to load Linux (GRUB did come up), I get the following error repeating over and over:
EXT2-FS error (device sda1): ext2_lookup: deleted inode referenced: 5734623
Line after line, it fills the screen, and never proceeds to the xwin load screen.
I attempted to boot from the PuppyLinux 5.2 CD I used to install it in the first place, and for some reason, I cannot get the PC to boot from the CD. It is set to boot from the CD first, then the HD, then the USB, and it does spin up the CD drive, but now it won't boot! Instead, it goes right to the HD and loads GRUB again.
Am I totally hosed here?
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Joined: 08 Jun 2005
Posts: 5087
Location: Arizona, U.S.A.
Posted: Tue 01 Jan 2013, 17:10
Post subject:
Hi n9viw; You`re certainly running out of options.
It is odd that a known bootable CD isn`t recognized and it goes to the HD.
Do you have a Puppy USB drive to try?
And shouldn`t the boot order be: CD, USB, HD ?
Unless you have a bootable USB plugged in all the time.
The only other option I can think of is to try another CD.
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Joined: 08 Jan 2006
Posts: 484
Location: California
Posted: Tue 01 Jan 2013, 17:23
Post subject:
Have you checked the bios settings since this occurred? If it is not too difficult, remove the hdd and try again.
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Joined: 08 Jun 2005
Posts: 5087
Location: Arizona, U.S.A.
Posted: Tue 01 Jan 2013, 18:30
Post subject:
Or remove the HD from the boot sequence.
But I`m guessing that will just make it not boot up.
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Joined: 22 Nov 2010
Posts: 5056
Location: Everybody knows this is nowhere...
Posted: Tue 01 Jan 2013, 18:50
Post subject:
You likely have hardware damage. Was there a surge before or after the outage?
Crack the case and look for bad capacitors. Here's a guide -->
Note the images on the right-hand side of the page. That's what you're looking for
While bad capacitors do plague almost every (if not every) major manufacturer from time to time, I've heard that certain models of eMachines are particularly prone to cap replacement issues -- I've had two examples of one of their worse offenders, the T2596. One died in a power outage --a bit like yours-- and (unfortunately) I didn't perform an autopsy, but the other is just fine and waiting for a new owner. So it's a bit of a crapshoot as to whether that's a problem you get to worry about, or not.
While Puppy can and does run well on systems most "Windows people" have long since left for the bleary-eyed curb scouts and Men With Big Trucks, if yours is particularly elderly (Pentium 4 or older) then you might consider an upgrade.
...actually, a note on the Pentium 4: these are notorious power-hogs at best. They were designed for multimedia performance, and excel at playing high-def videos, but for anything else, you're better off with a Pentium 3 or Pentium M CPU, because computing power for anything OTHER than multimedia on a P4 is practically nil.
Oh, and by the way, a particularly common Pentium 4 -- specifically the Northwood-core (core = architecture variant) mdoel that's rated for 3.2Ghz -- runs at 125W. That's a touch more than two 60W light bulbs and a nightlight. (Nightlights are 4W.) So Pentium 4s aren't very green, either. (Mind you, a Pentium M pulls about 35W, regardless of speed, which works out to a bit less than 1/4 of the energy that Pentium 4 yanks out of your wall...)
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Joined: 17 Apr 2012
Posts: 21
Posted: Tue 01 Jan 2013, 19:53
Post subject: Well, poop!
Subject description: Not a very good diagnosis
Thanks for all your replies, I really appreciate it!
Yes, this is an eMachine, a 5048 in fact. I received it from a friend whose wife was fed up with it occasionally shutting itself off, especially when it finally would do nothing else. Rather than take it to a shop, they gave it to me... and bought another eMachine! (the CPU fan was toast, and the unit shut itself off in self-protection. New fan, happy machine!)
I wondered whether it was hardware-related myself, actually- I have the CDR on IDE2, mostly due to the availability of bus cables- I didn't have one long enough to go from the MB to the CDR and then down to the HD! I have another old machine, a home-built 'beige box' that dumped its IDE2 many years ago, and I limped it along until this machine came available. Could be the same issue, who knows.
I do not have a bootable Puppy USB; the USB is in the boot path simply because it's the third option. I could turn it off, but never bothered. I could download a bootable Pup to a thumb drive (if I have one large enough... LOL! Try doing that with Win7) using this lappy of my wife's I'm currently typing on, and see how that goes.
While I have you on the horn, anyone have a link to an idiot's tutorial to the use of fsck? Might be in order, if I can even get this install back up and running.
Thanks again! This place is great.
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Joined: 17 Apr 2012
Posts: 21
Posted: Tue 01 Jan 2013, 21:39
Post subject:
Delved a bit into the machine, and discovered a few things:
1) The CDR is toast. The machine recognizes it, but it will not spin up when told to by the hardware. I swapped in a CDRW from our old machine, and it works just fine.
2) I don't know if IDE2 is good; I decided I didn't want to know, I want to fix the drive/install! I managed to get the HD close enough to the CDRW by putting it in the unused floppy bay to use one IDE cable for both drives, being sure to set Master and Slave accordingly.
(for some reason, that always puts me in a Cherry Poppin' Daddies mood)
3) The machine does have a boot-from-USB mode, but I think it only works if you have no bootable media otherwise. The boot path only includes the HD, the CD, Ethernet, or Floppy. I have it set in order, CD, HD, Floppy, Ethernet.
I don't know if it works otherwise, because the memory stick I THOUGHT I had been bright enough to use as a bootable USB is either not the one, or I wasn't bright enough.
Nothing bootable on it, in any case.
Right now I'm running a HD verify program from UBCD, just to make sure the hardware is good. After this, I'm going to try to boot the Wary install CD I originally used, and see about checking the HD with it.
Any suggestions for checking the drive with the Puppy CD, or will it give me the option to check the install right away (as WinXP used to)?
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Joined: 17 Apr 2012
Posts: 21
Posted: Tue 01 Jan 2013, 22:06
Post subject:
Back on using the bootable Wary 5.2 CD. Going to fsck this drive (as soon as I can figure out how to do it safely, that is) and see what I see. Got a series of the same errors while the CD was loading into RAM, but it managed to get past it and load.
So, it should just be 'fsck /dev/sda1', correct? No options?
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Joined: 08 Jan 2006
Posts: 484
Location: California
Posted: Tue 01 Jan 2013, 22:41
Post subject:
I don't have any experience at installing Puppy to hdd. For a long time I have installed another os to a small boot partition and booted Puppy by cd with a save file on a larger data partition. I used a partition cd to partition the hdd.
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Joined: 22 Nov 2010
Posts: 5056
Location: Everybody knows this is nowhere...
Posted: Wed 02 Jan 2013, 00:05
Post subject:
If your CD drive is toast in that manner, you either will be very soon in the market for a new power supply -- or you are now and you don't know it.
Any standard supply of the same or higher wattage will work fine as long as it fits the case.
I would recommend replacing that part ASAP -- it will prevent other things from dying as well, and it may even fix some things (like your hard drive).
Just make sure that whatever you buy is quite heavy for its size. If you lift it and the lack of weight is enough to make you wonder "is it an empty metal case?" then it's too light
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Joined: 21 Sep 2010
Posts: 1020
Location: Oslo, Norway
Posted: Wed 02 Jan 2013, 02:14
Post subject:
Hi n9viw.
1) A new year mean new budgets. I suggest you visit some local companies, and ask if they are in the market for new computers this year, and can you have one of the old ones they are going to throw away, pleeeease?
2) I dare to suggest, that you in the future run from a live multisession CD/DVD, with savefile to the same disc, alternatively to a portable USB -HD or -stick. It works very well, and unless the disc player lites up and actually melts the disc, you'll be safe from all crashes.
I wish you all a Puppy New Year!
True freedom is a live Puppy on a multisession CD/DVD.
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Official Dog Handler
Joined: 04 May 2005
Posts: 13015
Location: Arizona USA
Posted: Wed 02 Jan 2013, 08:41
Post subject:
N9viw, I don't know the answer to your question about fsck usage. I used the forum
feature to look for posts with fsck in them and got a thousand hits. Apparently there is a boot option "pfix=fsck". It looks like it should be safe. Can you try that?
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Joined: 17 Apr 2012
Posts: 21
Posted: Wed 02 Jan 2013, 21:09
Post subject:
Thanks for the replies. Here's some feedback:
I, too, had searched Murga ad nauseum looking for something specifically related to the use of fsck as regards a crash and booting from a CD, and did not find anything that helped particularly well.
I, too, found the 'pfix=fsck' comment, but am at a loss as to how to add it to the boot string, considering that a) the CD from which I'm booting is 'closed', and b) it's already set to create a personal save-file on the HD, which renders the HD un-umount-able! BUGGER!
No companies like that around here. I live in the MOzarks, which, for finding technological companies willing to sell off or throw away old hardware, is pretty much nil. I'll keep my eyes peeled, though.
If I can't fsck this drive, I may indeed re-install, and will keep your suggestion re: a flash save file in mind.
I think my CD drive is toast because it's old. It was used when I bought it back in 1998. It was one of the first-gen CD/DVD-ROMs, a Hitachi GD-2000. Frankly, I'm surprised it lasted this long. I'll keep an eye on the PS voltages, in any case.
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Joined: 30 Jul 2005
Posts: 201
Posted: Wed 02 Jan 2013, 21:25
Post subject:
Hi n9viw, have you already tried booting the live cd from the option : puppy pfix=ram . When the live cd first appears on the screen, it should say how to enter boot options(you will have 5 seconds).
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Joined: 20 Jan 2006
Posts: 6749
Location: hobart
Posted: Thu 03 Jan 2013, 04:34
Post subject:
If you boot from the CD & the
hard disk partition is /dev/sda1, then try:
e2fsck -y /dev/sda1
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(Un)lucky UCLA student cops Paris's old mobile number
'Where's the party?' demands frantic caller
A UCLA student has had the good fortune (or the misfortune, depending on how you view it) to acquire Paris Hilton's old mobile phone number - and has accordingly received a flood of SMSes and calls directed at the highly-talented former jailbird.
San Francisco gal Shira Barlow got a new phone and number after dropping her old mobile down a toilet, Yahoo! explains. What she didn't know, though, was that she now had Ms Hilton's recycled number, but was soon set straight when she was besieged by "wrong-number calls" and text messages "mostly between 2 and 4am on weekends".
The action hotted up as Hilton's birthday on 17 February approached, with one caller demanding: "Oh my God. Where's the party?" A male admirer apparently "purred" in a foreign accent: "Baby girl, how are you?"
The mood changed as Hilton's spell in chokey began, when "messages about parties were replaced by dozens expressing condolences". Barlow explained: "People were scared for her."
While traffic understandably dropped while Hilton languished in the slammer, her release provoked renewed activity. One message improbably declared: "It's disgusting how they treated you in there, but once again you have showed the world that you can do anything."
Barlow said she had "resisted the temptation" to pose as Hilton to get into swanky jet-parties, indulge in drunk-driving, get jailed and appear in amateur grumble flicks, but says she'll plans to "keep the number because...it has been a greater source of amusement than a hassle". ®


text:
The Cooperstown Veterans Club has banned NFL broadcasts in its club, a decision made by a unanimous vote of its corporation board, according to president David Sanford.
The commander and members of the VFW post and American Legion had talked about NFL players taking a knee or sitting in protest during the national anthem last month and decided to have a vote on a ban, Sanford said.
"I think it's kind of obvious why, the NFL doesn't respect the American flag or the United States," Sanford said. He said he thought the players' demonstrations were particularly disrespectful to veterans.
NFL players on several teams across the league took a knee, linked arms or raised a fist for the third consecutive Sunday during the national anthem this week after President Donald Trump suggested in a Sept. 22 speech that NFL teams should fire players who protest during the anthem.
A CBS news poll this month suggested that most Americans think athletes shouldn't protest during the national anthem, but there is wide variation in attitudes. Views hinged on age, race, partisanship and the perceived intention of the players. Most Americans believed the players' intention is to call attention to racism, but Republicans also felt they were trying to disrespect the flag and military, too.
A Washington Post survey found that 54 percent of young people support protesting police brutality by taking a knee during the national anthem compared to 38 percent of Americans in general.
Six in ten Republicans feel the flag and anthem mean loyalty to the government, according to the CBS poll, while Democrats were less likely to say so.
Sanford said that no form of protest was appropriate during the national anthem.
"I was taught in elementary school that when the national anthem is played you stand up and put your hand over your heart, and you didn't have a choice in the matter," he said.
Sanford said the club will show NFL games again when players show respect for the flag and anthem.
Len Carson, president of the Oneonta Veterans Club and commander of the American Legion, declined to take a position on the issue.
"We did discuss what Cooperstown is doing and aren't taking a stance at this time," Carson said.
Erin Jerome, staff writer, may be reached at firstname.lastname@example.com or 441-7221. Follow her at @DS_ErinJ on Twitter.
Members of the community honor POW-MIAs
Riding for Veterans: Boots on the Ground Motorcycle Run raises money for recreational activities
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Germany backs resolution of Macedonia name row: Merkel
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Talk about the novels, new and used books that Prther has written!
Author Prther's Book Reviews
Coosa is a two-part story portraying the lives of several people in Coosa County, Alabama. PART I starts in 1775 telling about the trials and tribulations of American Natives living in one small area of Alabama. Black Cloud, a Cherokee lad with visions of the future, grows up to become leader of his tribe; but during an extremely cold winter in 1825, loses most of them to illness. He and his family with the help of their dear friends, the Pounds, the fir...


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Hey everyone,
I'm working on a project analyzing the different ways that 2 Peter 1:19 has been translated, and its ramifications on the doctrine of inspiration. I was hoping you might be able to share your thoughts and let me know if it seems like I'm on the right track.
Based on what I understand, the construction of the phrase in question (καὶ ἔχομεν βεβαιότερον τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον), it could be that βεβαιότερον is being used substantivally as the direct object of ἔχομεν, and τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον is functioning in apposition of the substantival adjective. The construction would also allow for the adjective to be functioning as a modifier of τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον, but the context leads me to lean towards the first option. Paul's explanation of the inspiration of the prophets seems like it fits this usage better than if he were saying that the prophetic word is strengthened by the eye witness accounts.
I have to question my decision though, because the ESV seems to be the only translation that has agreed with this construction, and that they have since changed their translations to align more closely with the others raises questions in my mind.
Does the direction I am leaning and the logic I am using make sense, or am I completely off base on this?


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NASA astronaut Kevin Ford (lower right), Expedition 34 commander; along with Russian cosmonauts Evgeny Tarelkin (left) and Oleg Novitskiy, both flight engineers, pose for a photo in the Cupola of the International Space Station. The Canadarm2 robotic arm's Latching End Effector (LEE) is visible through a window in the background. ISS034-E-010953 (27 Nov. 2012) - high res (2.1 M) low res (78 K)
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Acorn Squash
Its golden-hued flesh provides vitamin C as well as potassium, a mineral that helps maintain normal blood pressure. To save time, pierce and microwave squash first, then split, scoop out seeds, stuff with wild rice and dried fruit, and bake.
A source of beneficial antioxidants. Artichokes also supply fiber, folate, and vitamins C and K. Steam and serve with a dip of tangy vinaigrette dressing.
Spear this excellent source of folate, a B-vitamin essential for healthy red blood cells. Sprinkle asparagus with olive oil, salt and pepper, then roast until tender and brown.
Though used like a veggie, avocados are really a fruit. They're one of the few with monounsaturated fat, which may help promote normal blood cholesterol levels. They also supply antioxidants. 1/4 of a medium avocado provides 65 calories, so watch portion size. Mash and use as a sandwich spread.
Baby Spinach
Vitamins A and C are in the bag with baby spinach. Both vitamins are beneficial antioxidants. Pile spinach leaves onto sandwiches, use in salads, or chop and add to meatloaf mix.
Bell Peppers
Green, red, yellow or orange, bell peppers are plentiful in vitamin C and fiber. Fiber may help benefit heart health. Add peppers to fajitas and stir-fries, skewer on kabobs, or stuff with lean ground meat and rice. Roasted peppers are great layered on sandwiches.
Along with fiber and potassium, broccoli contains a "bunch" of unique antioxidant compounds that may help protect body cells from damage. Serve steamed florets with a squeeze of lemon, stir-fry with ginger, or add to pastas and soups.
Brussels Sprouts
Sprouting with vitamin C, fiber and folate. Folate is a B-vitamin that helps form healthy red blood cells. Brussels sprouts are delicious roasted plain or threaded on kabobs and grilled. For a kid-friendly dish, toss halves with olive oil, breadcrumbs, salt and pepper, then bake.
Butter Lettuce
Grab a head for vitamins A and C and folate. Use the broad leaves to make Asian lettuce wraps: pile chopped cooked chicken breast, cooked thin noodles, shredded carrots and chopped peanuts on leaves. Drizzle with Asian-style sauce, fold and enjoy!
Butternut Squash
Bountiful in vitamins A and C, fiber and magnesium. Magnesium helps nerves and muscles to function properly. Add peeled squash chunks to stews and curries, or roast with potatoes, parsnips and carrots for a nutritious side.
Red or green, cabbage offers vitamin C and fiber. Fiber helps promote a healthy digestive system. Mix shredded cabbage with fat-free yogurt and chopped cilantro to top fish tacos or stuff blanched leaves with cooked ground turkey, spices and tomato sauce, then bake.
Grab a bunch for vitamin A, which helps promote healthy vision and helps regulate the immune system. Glaze carrots with orange juice and honey or shred and add to salads, meat loaf and spaghetti sauce.
Along with folate, cauliflower contains vitamin C, which may help protect cells from damage and may contribute to healthy immune function. Try mashed cauliflower instead of mashed potatoes for a lower-carb side dish.
Chili Peppers
From chipotle to habañero and jalapeño to poblano, chili peppers' heat ranges from mild to hot. Capsaicin, the compound that provides their fiery taste, is being studied for several potential health benefits. Add chili peppers to salsa, chili and Asian-style curries and rice dishes.
A southern tradition, collards are full of fiber, vitamins A and C, calcium and folate. Folate is a B-vitamin that helps form red blood cells. Make a healthier "mess o' greens"—simmer chopped collards in reduced-sodium chicken broth and a sprinkle of red pepper flakes until tender.
A medium-size ear provides vitamin C, thiamin, folate and fiber, along with antioxidants that may help maintain healthy vision. Enjoy whole ears off the grill or mix kernels with black beans, canned diced tomatoes and Mexican spices for a Southwestern side.
Eggplant's deep purple skin color comes from antioxidants called "anthocyanidins," which may also help protect body cells from damage. Stack meaty grilled eggplant slices with other vegetables to make a delicious panini sandwich.
This "stinking rose" contains antioxidants that may help protect body cells from damage. The antioxidants are most potent when cloves are chopped or crushed. Add garlic to pasta sauce, marinades and rubs. Or roast a whole head, and pop out the soft cloves for a mellow bread spread.
Green and Red Leaf Lettuce
Supplies antioxidants and vitamin C, which help protect body cells. The delicate taste and mild crispness of leaf lettuce is ideal tucked into sandwiches or tossed in a salad with orange segments, sliced almonds and light citrus dressing.
Green Onions
Both the white bulb and green leaves are edible and delicate in flavor, and contain antioxidants and vitamin A. Vitamin A helps promote a healthy immune system. Slice thin to garnish soups and chili or add to stir-fries.
A top pick for vitamin K, and a source of antioxidants, vitamin C and calcium. Calcium helps build strong bones. Enjoy kale in stir-fries, mixed with hot pasta, or tossed in a salad with sliced beets, grated carrots, green onions and light dressing.
A leading source of selenium among produce. Selenium is an antioxidant that may help protect cells from damage. Mix and match mushroom varieties—add to stir fries, pastas, salads, soups or meat dishes.
Surprisingly high in vitamin C, with fiber to boot. Onions also contain an antioxidant that may help protect cells and benefit heart health. Use as an ingredient in casseroles, stews, salads and soups. Cooking onions caramelizes their natural sugars, lending sweetness to dishes.
This sweet root veggie offers folate, fiber and vitamin C. Vitamin C helps keep cells healthy. Try parsnips roasted, pureed into soup or mashed with celery root as an alternative to mashed potatoes.
You'll really dig potatoes for their vitamin C and potassium. Potassium helps maintain normal blood pressure. Mash with reduced-sodium chicken broth instead of butter to keep fat and calories in check. Or, toss small new potatoes with olive oil and rosemary for roasting.
Rich in vitamin A, which helps promote healthy vision, pumpkin also provides vitamin C. Scoop the cooked orange flesh into muffins and quick breads, dice and mix with grain dishes, or puree to make pumpkin soup served in its own hollowed shell.
Romaine Lettuce
This Caesar salad classic is loaded with vitamin A, which helps promote healthy vision. For a healthier twist, toss chopped romaine with pitted cherries, toasted almonds, grilled chicken breast and light Caesar dressing.
A smaller, milder member of the onion family that offers beneficial antioxidants. Dice fine and add to salad dressings and gravies, or work into hamburgers and meat loaf.
Sweet Potatoes
A super source of vitamin A, which may help keep eyes healthy. Sweet potatoes are chockfull of fiber, potassium and vitamin C, too. Enjoy them roasted in their jackets, cubed in casseroles and hash, or sliced and baked into oven fries.
Swiss Chard
Packed with vitamins A and C and magnesium. Magnesium is a mineral that helps keep nerves and muscles in working order. Sauté chopped chard, pine nuts, raisins and minced garlic in olive oil, stir torn leaves into soups, or mix with cooked shredded potatoes for a tasty hash.
Bursting with vitamin C and potassium, tomatoes are also a good source of vitamin A. Vitamin A is important for healthy vision. Dice tomatoes and marinate in olive oil, vinegar, oregano and basil.
Yellow Crookneck
Sweet and nutty, yellow crookneck offers vitamin C, which helps maintain a healthy immune system. Grill slices and layer with other veggies in sandwiches, or sauté rounds in olive oil with dried basil and Parmesan cheese.
Equally tasty in sweet and savory dishes, zucchini offers vitamin C, which helps keep cells healthy. Try raw zucchini sticks with low-fat dip or shredded in quick breads and pasta sauce. For a tasty ratatouille, stew with tomatoes, eggplant and onions.
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Superalloys are unique high-temperature materials used in gas turbine engines, which display excellent resistance to mechanical and chemical degradation. This book presents the underlying metallurgical principles which have guided their development and practical aspects of component design and fabrication from an engineering standpoint. The topics of alloy design, process development, component engineering, lifetime estimation and materials behaviour are described, with emphasis on critical components such as turbine blading and discs. The first introductory text on this class of materials, it will provide a strong grounding for those studying physical metallurgy at the advanced level, as well as practising engineers. Included at the end of each chapter are exercises designed to test the reader's understanding of the underlying principles presented. Solutions for instructors and additional resources are available at www.cambridge.org/9780521859042.On 22 August 1985, at Manchester Airport in the United Kingdom, a British Airways Boeing 737 carrying 131 passengers and 6 crew ... Schematic diagram of the arrangement of the combustor in the Pratt aamp; Whitney JT8D-15 engine [12].
|The Superalloys
|Roger C. Reed
|Cambridge University Press - 2008-07-31
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We think of Gwen Stefani as having amazingly original style — not to mention a doting husband and an adorable baby boy — but we just don't get this navy blue number that she wore out in London recently. Sure, it's by famed British designer Vivienne Westwood, but it's more matronly mom than super-cool rock star. (As always, we love the platinum hair and red lips on her.) Tell us: What do you think of Gwen's look? Is it a hit or a miss?
To vote on this look of Gwen's, plus more recent style triumphs by celebs like Kirsten Dunst and Zooey Deschanel, click here.
To see more of Gwen's looks click here
Photo: Richard Young/Rex USA


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Jim Rash Is Writing an Episode of Community
One step closer to EGOT.
Hard to believe this hasn't happened already: Vulture hears that Community regular (and Oscar-winner) Jim Rash is writing an upcoming episode of the NBC comedy. The Artist Also Known As Dean Pelton has already been in the Community writer's room to break the story, which our sources say revolves around an alumni weekend at Greendale. Rash took home the Adapted Screenplay Academy Award earlier this year for co-writing The Descendants with fellow TV thespian Nat Faxon (Ben and Kate) and Alexander Payne. No word yet on whether Rash will convince George Clooney to guest-star in his episode — but given Rash's track record with awards, maybe next year Community will finally get the Emmy it's heretofore been denied. The first episode of the show's post–Dan Harmon era is currently scheduled to debut Friday, October 19.


text:
In this article, we will use the terms "interoperability", "mutual aid", and "mutual assistance" interchangeably. Traditionally, interoperability meant operating a radio network with pre-defined procedures and parameters, such as frequency, power, modulation scheme, network management, etc., that were shared among all of the intended operators in the network. Perhaps the most difficult part of coordinating all of these operating parameters though is the management piece, or "governance" in the SAFECOM Interoperability Continuum. Recall also that interoperability is defined in Section 90.7 of the Commission's rules as "[a]n essential communications link within public safety and public service wireless communications systems which permits units from two or more different entities to interact with one another and to exchange information according to a prescribed method in order to achieve predictable results."
In order to encourage interoperability within the public safety community, the FCC has been proactive in predefining a set of non-Federal, or national, interoperability channels in designated public safety spectrum bands. These channels were designed to provide the public safety community with a set of channels with predetermined operational parameters that could serve as a basis for initial on-the-scene coordination and resolution of local interoperability issues. This article addresses the Federal Interoperability Channels and the non-Federal Nationwide Mutual Aid Channels and reiterates the importance of using these channels for resolving initial interoperability - getting the people to people issues resolved!
Beginning in 1996, the Commission began a series of proposed rule makings and eventual orders that gave guidance and direction for the establishment of a system for public safety coordination and use of designated PS channels across the nation.2This included allocations in the high frequency (HF), very high frequency (VHF), and ultra-high frequency (UHF) bands. Initial allocations were based on narrowband applications for voice-based services only. The proceedings eventually included assignments in the reallocated 700 MHz and 800 MHz bands and included wideband services. Based on narrowband applications, the process eventually led to further narrowbanding from analog 25 kHz voice channels to digital channels of 12.5 kHz and subsequently to 6.25 kHz channels. Project 25 was a follow-on effort on the part of the Association of Public Safety Communications Officials (APCO) to establish various protocols for the use of these redesignated digital narrowband channels.3
In the process, the Commission also established a series of national mutual aid channels. The national mutual aid channels were designed to provide multiple agencies with a common set of operating frequencies and parameters for specific uses in an incident location; for example, common frequencies for fire, police, or emergency medical services. The use of these frequencies is guided by the regulations of the National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) for frequencies designated for Federal users and the Federal Communications Commission for frequencies designated for non-Federal use.4These rules are intended to provide minimal constraints on the use of the mutual aid frequencies but do provide specific guidelines for the coordination and use of the frequencies. Federal users may use the non-Federal channels only for interoperability with (and at the invitation of) a non-federal entity; non-Federal users may use the Federal channels only for interoperability with (and at the invitation of) a Federal entity.
The Commission has designated interoperability channels in the following frequency bands:
- Below 512 MHz:
- 150-174 MHz: one calling channel and four tactical channels (0.25 megahertz total)
- 156-162 MHz Band: two channel pairs for interoperability in thirty-three Economic Areas (EA), where these channels are allocated for public safety (.0375 megahertz total)
- 220-222 MHz: ten channels for mutual aid. (.04 megahertz total)
- 450-512 MHz: one calling channel and three tactical channel pairs (0.2 megahertz total)
- 763-775/793-805 MHz Band:
- Narrowband Interoperability Channels: sixty-four paired narrowband channels designated for nationwide interoperable voice and data communications (0.8 megahertz total).
- Section 90.547 requires that mobile and portable transmitters operating on narrowband channels must be capable of operating on all of the designated nationwide narrowband interoperability channels.
- Narrowband State Channels: a single geographic license issued to each state (2.4 megahertz).
- Broadband: 10 megahertz allocated for a nationwide interoperable public safety broadband network to be provided via a public/private partnership.
- Narrowband Interoperability Channels: sixty-four paired narrowband channels designated for nationwide interoperable voice and data communications (0.8 megahertz total).
- 806-809/851-854 MHz Band: five channels for nationwide interoperable voice communications (0.125 megahertz total). See 47 C.F.R. § 90.617(a)(1).
- 4.9 GHz Band: eighteen channels designated "to foster interoperability by providing a regulatory framework in which traditional public safety entities can pursue strategic partnerships with both traditional public safety entities, such as the Federal Government, and non-traditional public safety entities, such as utilities and commercial entities, in support of their missions regarding homeland security and protection of life and property." (50 megahertz total)
In order to assist Federal and non-Federal agencies and potential users of the mutual aid channels, the Department of Homeland Security has published the National Interoperability Field Operations Guide (NIFOG).5 It contains an organized listing of the national mutual aid channels as well as additional information to assist users in the field. The general use of a frequency is provided along with the NPSTC Channel Identification, the frequency of operation and any other parameter specifications. 6 The NIFOG is available by contacting DHS's Office of Emergency Communications at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Several sections of the existing rules provide additional guidance and rules for interoperability.
- Section 2.103(a) permits Federal use of non-Federal frequencies in bands above 25 MHz (except the 700 MHz public safety bands) if the Commission finds that such use is "necessary for coordination of Federal and non-Federal activities."
- Section 2.103(b) permits Federal use of 700 MHz narrowband and 4.9 GHz channels with non-Federal entities if the Commission finds such use necessary; where: (i) "the stations are used for interoperability or part of a Federal/non-Federal shared or joint-use system;" (ii) the Federal entity obtains the approval of the non-Federal licensee; (iii) the Federal operation comports with the Commission's rules and conforms with any conditions agreed upon by the Commission and NTIA; and (iv) "Interoperability, shared or joint-use systems are the subject of a mutual agreement between the Federal and non-Federal entities."
- Section 1.203(c) permits Federal use of the 700 MHz broadband spectrum with non-Federal entities, where:
- "The Federal entity obtains the prior approval of the Public Safety Broadband Licensee (and such approval granted by the Public Safety Broadband Licensee is consistent with the terms and conditions of the Network Sharing Agreement under Section 90.1406);" and
- "Federal operation is in accordance with the Commission's Rules governing operation of this band and conforms to any conditions agreed upon by the Commission and NTIA."
- Section 90.203(i) requires equipment certified after February 16, 1988 and marketed for public safety operation in the 800 MHz band to be programmed on the mutual aid channels.
- Section 90.203(j)(1) provides that applications for certification received after January 1, 2005, for mobile and portable transmitters designed to transmit in the 150-174 MHz or 450-470 MHz bands, will be granted only if the equipment is capable of operating on the designated nationwide public safety interoperable calling channels.
- Section 90.203(i) requires equipment in the 800 MHz band to have the capability to be programmed for operation on the mutual aid channels.
- Sections 90.547(a) and 90.548 require mobile and portable narrowband radios to be capable of operating on the interoperability channels using the P25 standard to ensure that all public safety entities using 700 MHz narrowband radios will be able to communicate with each other.
- Section 337 of the Communications Act provides public safety entities with a means of obtaining a Commission rule waiver to permit public safety entities to use frequencies not allocated for public safety use.
- The Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 directed NTIA, in consultation with DHS, to establish and implement a $1 billion grant program to assist public safety agencies in the acquisition of, deployment of, or training for the use of interoperable communications systems that utilize, or enable interoperability with communications systems that can utilize, reallocated public safety spectrum for radio communications. The Digital Television Transition and Public Safety Act of 2005 authorized NTIA, in consultation with DHS, to make payments not to exceed $1 billion in the aggregate through fiscal year 2010 to carry out the Public Safety Interoperable Communications (PSIC) program. On September 30, 2007, the PSIC Grant Program awarded $968,385,000 to fund interoperable communications projects from the 56 States and Territories. Public safety organizations interested in PSIC funding were able to seek funding through their State Administrative Agency. The deadline for submission of each State and Territory's Investment Justification was December 3, 2007.
- The 9/11 Commission Act of 2007:
- Established a grant program for first responders based on specific risk-based evaluation criteria as administered by DHS.
- Established the "Improved Communications for Emergency Response Grant Program" to provide grants to states and regions to carry out initiatives to improve interoperable emergency communications, including initiatives to achieve solutions to statewide, regional, national, and, where appropriate, international interoperability.
- Required the Commission, in consultation with the Department of State, the Office of Emergency Communications of the DHS and the Office of Management and Budget to submit a report to Congress on the status of cross border interoperability issues between the U.S. and Mexico and the U.S. and Canada on November 2, 2007. The report was timely submitted.
It should be noted that these national mutual aid channels are pre-designated so all agencies and responders may prepare in advance for operations that may be out of their normal region of concern and with other agencies that are not in their normal sphere of operations. While these mutual aid channels may be preprogrammed in radios, the rules that govern mutual operation must be considered prior to any actual use.
These mutual aid channels are integral to the much larger topic of public safety frequency assignments. Coincident with these channel designations is the assistance to the public safety community that is authorized for the amateur radio community.
1 Much of the work presented in this topic is attributable to Mr. Jeff Cohen, Senior Legal Counsel in the Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau, Mr. Zenji Nakazawa from the Policy Division of the Bureau, Mr. Thomas Eng, from the Policy Division, and Mr. Tracy Simmons from the Licensing Branch of Policy Division. In addition, we wish to thank Mr. Ross Merlin, from the Office of the Chief Information Officer, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and the author of the DHS NIFOG, for his assistance. We are very grateful for their contributions.
2 See the list of references and proceedings under FCC WT Docket 96-86; "The Development of Operational, Technical, and Spectrum Requirements for Meeting Federal, State and Local Public Safety Agency Communication Requirements Through the Year 2010" at http://hraunfoss.fcc.gov/edocs_public/result.do?parm=all - enter "96-1492" in the box to the right of "DA/FCC Number" or "96-86" in the box marked "Docket Number". Initially the frequency coordination was done via the National Coordinating Committee (NCC) but was subsequently referred to each state under their State Interoperability Executive Committees (SIECs).
3 "Project 25 is a multi-phase, multi-year project to establish a standards profile for the operations and functionality of new digital narrowband private land mobile radio (LMR) systems needed to satisfy the service, feature, and capability requirements of the public safety communications community for procuring and operating interoperable LMR equipment." See the APCO P25 web site at http://www.apcointl.org/frequency/project25/.
4 See http://www.ntia.doc.gov/osmhome/redbook/redbook.html section 4.3.16 for Federal frequency use under the rules of the NTIA. See http://wireless.fcc.gov/index.htm?job=rules_and_regulations Part 90 for Non-Federal frequency use under the rules of the FCC.
5 See http://www.npstc.org/documents/NIFOG%20v1.2%204-14-2008.pdf.
6 The channel identifications were determined by the National Public Safety Telecommunications Council (NPSTC) as part of the FCC rulemaking process. The Report of the Committee can be viewed at http://www.oes.ca.gov/Operational/OESHome.nsf/PDF/Calsiec021907CNTGReport/$file/Calsiec021907CNTGReport.pdf. See also http://www.npstc.org/channelNaming.jsp. An alternative version of the mutual aid channel listing is also available on the NPSTC web page at http://tsiec.region49.org/ATT2126321.pdf.


text: Seller: academic_antiques (497) 100%, Location: Buffalo, New York, Ships to: Worldwide, Item: 191886683446 · Length: 5"· Width: 1-3/8"· Material: cast brass· Manufacturer: Russell & Erwin Mfg. Co. (New Britain, CT)· Year: c. 1888· Condition: Good condition. No bends. Please see pictures. ***Click here to visit my store and check out my other auctions. I will happily combine shipping to save you money!*** (If possible: please wait for combined shipping invoice before paying)· Auction Reference #: 030702 -Zack Boring Information · Payment: Paypal preferred. Contact me in advance if you are to use another form of payment. Buyer should pay within 5 days of winning the auction. If you need extra time please contact me! · Shipping: Item(s) will be shipped within 1 business day of receiving payment. If you win multiple auctions from me and pay for them at once I will naturally ship items together to save shipping costs (but please notify me if you plan on doing so). · Sales Tax: New York State residents must pay 8.75% sales tax unless you plan on reselling this item and can provide me with a valid NYS resale certificate · International Customers: I now ship to any country that is listed on eBay's Global Shipping Program. Please check to see if your country is eligible. *Authored by Leonard Blumin and the Antique Doorknob Collectors of America **Feel free to contact me for any questions, (more) pictures, tips, advice, or corrections! Stay safe and happy bidding, Zack Condition: Good condition. Please see pictures and read description., Maker: R&E, Material: Brass


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Guide your way without disturbing others
A reassuring friend at night, perfect bedtime companion of children. It produces a safe, comforting glow that turns itself on when there is a movement nearby, yet is soft enough to not dazzle sleepy young eyes. See all benefits
Unfortunately this product is no longer available
While having the light effect the product remains cool to touch because of the Philips LEDs.
A wide area is lighting up, due to wide angle and high brightness LEDs
LED Lights to create a romantic mood lighting effect with a constant glowing light output.
Easy recharging of the products with wireless induction charger
By using unduction charging and waterproof products the user is not confronted with open electricity.
They provide more than an evening of light per charge, and are easily recharged using the wireless induction charger.


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Police: Mother offered bribes to witnesses in home invasion case
Police: Mother offered bribes to witnesses in home invasion case
OCOEE, Fla. —
Police said the mother of one of the two men accused of an Ocoee home invasion has been charged with witness tampering.
The Ocoee home was hit twice and the second time all three of the people inside the home were shot a day before a man in the first incident was to go to trial.
Authorities said 52-year-old Catalina Cynthia Ruffin Sinclair visited the home before the second home invasion trying to convince the victims not to testify.
Valencia College student Alex Zaldivar was killed in the second home invasion.
Investigators said they believe Sinclair offered bribes to Zaldivar and the two other victims from the most recent home invasion.
Sinclair is charged with witness tampering, and posted $4,000 bail to leave jail.
Florida mug shots


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We will honor two Earthquake greats on Saturday during halftime of Quakes vs. Timbers.
Peter Bridgwater and "Gabbo" Gavric will join five others, general manager John Doyle, Ronald Cerritos, Troy Dayak, Milan Mandaric (Builder) and Paul Child, in the Quakes Hall of Fame.
Join us to celebrate their amazing contributions to the sport and the San Jose Earthquakes - limited number of tickets still available.


text:
This category lists the following articles on fictional in-game businesses in general. For a more specific search click on a sub-category.
For real-world companies, use Category:Companies.
Pages in category "Businesses"
" This is the list of businesses in San Andreas in Grand Theft Auto V. Some businesses hold stocks...
Businesses in GTA V


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This incisive text provides a basic undergraduate-level course in modern optics for students in physics, technology and engineering. The first half of the book deals with classical physical optics; the second principally with the quantum nature of light. Chapters 1 and 2 treat the propagation of light waves, including the concepts of phase and group velocities, and the vectorial nature of light. Chapter 3 applies the concepts of partial coherence and coherence length to the study of interference, and Chapter 4 takes up multiple-beam interference and includes Fabry-Perot interferometry and multilayer-film theory. Diffraction and holography are the subjects of Chapter 5, and the propagation of light in material media (including crystal and nonlinear optics) are central to Chapter 6. Chapters 7 and 8 introduce the quantum theory of light and elementary optical spectra, and Chapter 9 explores the theory of light amplification and lasers. Chapter 10 briefly outlines ray optics in order to introduce students to the matrix method for treating optical systems and to apply the ray matrix to the study of laser resonators. Many applications of the laser to the study of optics are integrated throughout the text. The author assumes students have had an intermediate course in electricity and magnetism and some advanced mathematics beyond calculus. For classroom use, a list of problems is included at the end of each chapter, with selected answers at the end of the book.Grant R. Fowles. function Vtx, y, z), the mathematical problem is that of finding the function {or functions) \ls which satisfy the equation. Not all mathematical solutions of the Schrodinger equation are physically meaningful. 1n order to represent aanbsp;...
|Introduction to Modern Optics
|Grant R. Fowles
|Courier Corporation - 2012-04-25
You must register with us as either a Registered User before you can Download this Book. You'll be greeted by a simple sign-up page.
Once you have finished the sign-up process, you will be redirected to your download Book page.How it works:


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Tips for preservation of your furniture
Dec 24, 2010 12:56:13 PM
For years of beautiful furniture, keep any pieces out of sunlight and away from heat sources. These can dry out wood, paint finishes, leather, and rot upholstery fibers.
Have you ever made the shocking discovery of a stain on the back of a favorite chair or a water mark on the top of the desk in your guest room? You really can't blame anyone. But you can fix it. We'll help you find how to clean any piece of furniture and keep it looking like new.
* Painted Furniture
Everyday Care
Painted furniture is almost the easiest to keep clean. On a weekly basis, dust or wipe clean with a cloth dampened with water. Be sure not to leave water spots on the surface, as they'll dry and could leave permanent marks.
Special Cleaning
If your piece of painted furniture has stains on visible surfaces or nicks and scratches on it, you'll want to make whatever repairs you can. Gently sand down any mars, taking care not to damage more painted finish than you have to. Carefully glue and clamp any loose joints. Match the paint as best you can or select a new color of paint and restore the piece to near-perfect condition. Add an oil finish for greatest protection. Read more about cleaning painted furniture in these tips from eHow.com.
Wood Furniture
Everyday Care
Before you decide how to clean your piece of furniture, you need to determine what type of finish it has on it. You can find information about cleaners and conditioners for wood furniture and information on getting built-up finishes off to expose the beautiful wood underneath. Check these tips on caring for hardwood furniture from the American Hardwood Information Center. You should use a lint-free cloth to polish your furniture on a regular basis. Use just a little furniture polish on the cloth and rub the surface to get a beautiful shine. When choosing a furniture polish, use the same type for each cleaning, either oil- or wax-based, to avoid polish smudges. Wipe in the direction of the grain of the wood whenever possible. If you love antiques, you'll need to be aware of their special needs. You'll find helpful information from eHow.com on cleaning antique furniture
Special Cleaning
When it comes time to remove built-up wax, use either mineral spirits or a synthetic turpentine with a soft, lint-free cloth. Clean the entire piece with the product, not just the area that's soiled.
Emily G
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Tea and Light: A Lunch Hour with Laura Hughes
Laura Hughes began teaching at Marylhurst in 2010 as an adjunct professor for our department of Art and Interior Design. At the beginning of this month, she was highlighted at our Faculty Tea for her previous and current art installations.
Hughes plays with light and color as they already move through and exist in a given space.Currently she has an installation in the skylights of the Hawthorn Commons Room, right next to the cafeteria. Her piece there is called Angles of Incidence, and it involves stripes of colored gel paint in the skylights to play with the natural projection of the light that filters into the room.


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Springfield voters pass budget
March 16. 2013 5:01PM
SPRINGFIELD — Town meeting voters on Saturday passed the $1,213,755 budget recommended by the town budget committee on a unanimous voice vote.
Residents also approved a $35,940 three-year lease for a new police cruiser, and $99,000 to purchase a new multi-use rescue vehicle for the fire department through municipal bonds.
Voters unanimously agreed to spend $19,000 to repair the steeple and paint windowsills at the Town Hall.
And they approved spending $30,000 for the planning board to complete an assessment of the town's wetlands regulations, contingent on the town receiving a grant in that amount from New Hampshire Housing Finance Authority's community planning program.


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Main Site - :: Why Won't God Heal Amputees? ::
0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Some linky-poos.http://www.nextnewdeal.net/rortybomb/researchers-finally-replicated-reinhart-rogoff-and-there-are-serious-problems
Quesi, I don't really understand your explanation of the error they made. I don't do a lot of work with spreadsheet formulas, so I don't see the significance of what you said (aside from the conclusion; it's the explanation I'm not quite following).
I made a bad excel error once on a urine specific gravity analysis. It made it appear that a group of my Anatomy Class was severely dehydrated and should be hospitalized immediately.
As opposed to ruining the entire global economy based on faulty data....SH!T ON A SHINGLE. I heard a report about sick people in Greece not getting medication because the government no longer had the money to pay for the drugs. How come the people who do this don't end up in jail?


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We all know this to be true simply because we've all felt our blood vessels constrict tighter and tighter as the work week wears on: Women who don't take annual vacations are 50 percent more likely to suffer a heart attack.
And according to this National Geographic article, medical studies have also proven that it takes at least two weeks of rejuvenating vacationing to reverse the ill-effects of stress at work — not just a long weekend.
So let's talk about France.
Oui — France.
According to the Center on Economic and Policy Research, France mandates that all employees receive 30 PTO (paid-time-off) days and one paid holiday (May 1st, or International Workers' Day).
Additionally, employees can earn up to 22 days of Réduction du Temps de Travail.
In English, this means that employees have the ability to earn more time off by choosing to work more than 35 hours per week, with the "limit" being 39 hours.
One would think such a "lax" workforce would reflect poorly upon the economy, but in France, the difference in GDP per hour remains only marginally lower than that of the United States.
So — if Americans are working 20 percent more hours than the French — why aren't we that much better off than France?
Even though American women are probably tired of hearing how they should be more Parisian when it comes to raising their children, approaching their careers and pursuing a hobby, it's time to listen up and admit the French are right.
Why? The French are given at least 30 days and they take it. All of it. Without question or rebuttal.
True — 93 percent of French employees admit to checking their emails and voicemails on vacation, according to Expedia's 2013 Vacation Deprivation Study — but the study failed to specify whether they were answered or just merely noted.
And according to a study conducted by research firm Harris Interactive for Glassdoor, Americans only use 51 percent of their eligible paid time off, with 35 percent of employees canceling their vacation due to work-related issues and 27 percent putting off vacation days for "future use."
When we do finally take that vacation, one in four American employees reported being contacted by a colleague about a work-related matter, and one in five has even been contacted by their boss.
So it's no wonder 28 percent of respondents feared getting behind on work, or why 17 percent feared losing their jobs — apparently, if you're recharging away from the office, you're not as competitive as your colleagues.
But this we know to be fact: Vacations keep employees engaged and productive.
So let's take a lesson from France and finally acknowledge that there is no better time than now — even though the average American company only celebrates 10 (optional) paid holidays and provides its employees with 14 PTO days (six days less than France's minimum).
In fact, the United States is the only advanced economy not to guarantee its workforce paid time off, leaving one in four Americans with no vacation time at all.
That's in stark contrast to our winner Austria, who comes in at No. 1 according to the Center on Economic and Policy Research by mandating 22 paid vacation days and 13 paid holidays for its employees; it also has the lowest unemployment rate than any other country in the Eurozone.
And New Zealand (ranked No. 8 with 20 paid vacation days and 10 paid holidays) expects its GDP per hour to rise faster than nearly all other developed countries within the next five years.
The economic facts are there: It's time to start leveraging, ladies.
Work-life balance can exist — but if you're not ready to pick up and move to one of the other countries mandating 30 or more vacation days (including Portugal, Germany, Spain, Belgium and Italy), we've got to make our voices heard here in the U.S.
Because it's not really "having it all" if you're not adding "ample vacation time" to the list of things that make a life.
Could shorter workdays make for better workers?
Financial knowledge can help women fight back against domestic violence


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|Evergreen, Colo.
|High School:
|Aerospace Engineering
2013: Started seven games at center for MIT as a junior … All-NEFC second team … Academic All-NEFC … helped anchor an offensive line that blocked for a unit that finished second in the NEFC in total offense, produced a 1,000-yard back and a quarterback that set a new record for total offense in a season … contributed to a line that allowed just 10 sacks and ranked 44th nationally in sacks allowed.
2012: Started all eight games that he played along the offensive front games for the Engineers … second team All-NEFC (Boyd Division) at center … Academic All-NEFC … blocked for an offense that ranked in the top half of the NEFC in total offense … contributed to a line that allowed the fewest sacks in the NEFC and ranked 25th nationally in that category.
2011: Started all nine games for the Engineers along the offensive line … part of a unit that cleared the way for a running attack that increased its yardage by over 58 yards per game … recorded a tackle at Mass. Maritime (9/17).
Off The Field at MIT: Majoring in aerospace engineering.
High School: A 2011 graduate of Evergreen High School … honorable mention all-state center … team MVP … all-conference selection as a junior … four-time letterwinner … team captain … also a member of the rugby club team.


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It can also be used for extraocular irrigation following minor surgery or diagnostic procedures and for all cases where a non-irritating extraocular irrigating solution is needed. It is useful as first aid emergency treatment for flushing chemicals (such as chlorine, weed killer, bleach or oven cleaner) from the eye(s) or following acid/alkaline burn of the eye. It can be used to soothe eye(s) that have been irritated by exposure to heat, smoke, fires or chemical fumes.
Active Ingredients:
Per mL: Tonicity Agents: Sodium Chloride 0.64%; Potassium Chloride 0.075%; Calcium Chloride Dihydrate 0.048%; Magnesium Chloride Hexahydrate 0.03%
Inactive Ingredients:
Buffering Agents: Sodium Acetate Trihydrate 0.39%; Sodium Citrate Dihydrate 0.17%; pH Adjusters: Sodium Hydroxide and/or Hydrochloric Acid; Preservative: Benzalkonium Chloride 0.013%; Purified Water: The pH of the solution is in the physiologic range; DM-02
Flush the affected eye(s) as needed, controlling flow rate by varying pressure on the bottle.
Extraocular use only, Not for injection or intraocular surgery, Sterile until opened, Do not touch the bottle tip to your eye or any other surface to avoid contamination, Keep out of reach of children.
Image may vary from actual product due to Continuous manufacturer Product updates. Information we provide your reference only.