text:
The Mind's Eye
- Lu par : Oliver Sacks, Richard Davidson
- Durée : 8 h et 44 min
- Version intégrale Livre audio
- Date de publication : 26/10/2010
- Langue : Anglais
- Éditeur : Random House Audio
Prix : 22,67 €
Avis de l'équipe
During the introduction to Oliver Sacks' The Mind's Eye, the world-renowned doctor and author apologizes for not being able to narrate more of his book, as he's still dealing with a tumor in his eye. Instead, Richard Davidson takes on Sacks' carefully chosen words and does a great job.
Like Sacks, Davidson has a soothing, lilting voice that makes you feel he's sharing a secret with you alone. His subtle bedside manner-like tone works perfectly since Sacks' real-life patients share stories here that touch upon what must surely be some of their most private fears. A concert pianist loses her ability to read music. A novelist loses his ability to read, but not his ability to write. Sacks also shares his own lifelong struggle with "face blindness", the inability to recognize familiar faces. (Jane Goodall suffers from the same condition.) In each case, Sacks and Davidson bring a genuine warmth to The Mind's Eye, which may bring you to tears from time to time.
But The Mind's Eye does not set out to manipulate emotions in order to provoke a reaction. Instead, Sacks brings his usual scientific rigor to the book, an approach he has successfully taken for several decades. Sacks really wants to understand why these people suffer from these rare illnesses. That's why he carefully monitors each patient and records his precise observations. That's why he makes house calls at the concert pianist's apartment. Sacks wants to learn exactly how she functions in the real world on a day-to-day basis. It's this attention to detail that makes Sacks a great doctor, a great writer, and a truly amazing human being. It's also why The Mind's Eye will keep you eagerly listening from one chapter to the next. Ken Ross
From the author of the best-selling Musicophilia (hailed as "luminous, original, and indispensable" by The American Scholar), an exploration of vision through the case histories of six individuals - including a renowned pianist who continues to give concerts despite losing the ability to read the score, and a neurobiologist born with crossed eyes who, late in life, suddenly acquires binocular vision, and how her brain adapts to that new skill. Most dramatically, Sacks gives us a riveting account of the appearance of a tumor in his own eye, the strange visual symptoms he observed, an experience that left him unable to perceive depth.
In The Mind's Eye, Oliver Sacks explores some of the most fundamental facets of human experience: how we see in three dimensions, how we represent the world internally when our eyes are closed, and the remarkable, unpredictable ways that our brains find new ways of perceiving that create worlds as complete and rich as the no-longer-visible world.
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- Lynn
- 02/05/2011
First, I must admit that I am a fan of Oliver Sacks and have read all of his books. My favorite remains "The Man Who Mistook His Wife for a Hat," but this book is unique among his offerings. In this book he has a number of chapters about blindness and its meaning for individuals. He then takes a chapter to describe his own fall into blindness. As always, Sacks combines a knowledge of the literature in neurobiology, psychology and psychiatry to shed light on his personal experience. This book lacks, perhaps, the charm of his earlier books, but it is informative in a much deeper way. It might be helpful to have some background in neurobiology, but it isn't necessary to gain great benefit. The final chapter deals with what he has learned about perception in this context and to what degree to we configure our own reality and world. Very informative. The reading of Sacks and Richard Davidson is very good.
6 sur 6 personne(s) ont trouvé cet avis utile.
- Pamela Harvey
- 05/11/2010
Window on Brain Malfunction
Oliver Sacks is and has been one of my favorite non-fiction writers. This collection of case studies is very similar in format to "The Man Who Mistook His Wife For A Hat", and as such, chronicles many of the possible screw-ups, major and minor, that our beloved brains can devise.
I am neutral on the narration, which was quite good and straightforward, but I think audible should list the other narrator and not bill the book as being thoroughly narrated by Sacks.
I am only giving this book a 4 out of 5 because there did not seem to be enough exploration into the reasons why, or how, some of these cerebral malfunctions develop. For example, on the topic of face blindness, the Heather Sellers memoir "You Don't Look Like Anyone I Know" suggests the possible causes as early life head trauma, or genetic relationship to schizophrenia. On the other hand, Sacks merely mentions one possible developmental detour of the fetal brain. He does not discuss with any thoroughness the circumstances, environmental or genetic, that could lead to these dysfunctions.
Anyway, It's a good listen, and a great fit for anyone who is interested in brain science, brain malfunction and its consequences.
5 sur 5 personne(s) ont trouvé cet avis utile.
- RitchieE
- 26/10/2010
Same ole Sacks--great yarns as usual.
If you're a fan of Anthropologist on Mars, The Man Who Mistook His Wife for Hat, etc., then you'll enjoy this one too. It's not better but it's as good as his previous tales.
*O.Sacks only narrates preface and Ch. 6. The other narrator (the voice of whom many will recognize; he was narrator for the 90s computer game, King's Quest: Land of the Green Isles,lol) starts to get VERY annoying because he can't find the rhythm and flow of the text. He keeps throwing emphases on the wrong words and phrases; he's obviously trying too hard with the "storyteller" voice. That's only reason I gave the book 4 stars instead of 5.
9 sur 10 personne(s) ont trouvé cet avis utile.
- Douglas
- 17/09/2012
More Great Oliver Sacks
If you enjoyed Anthropologist on Mars, The Mind's Eye is the book for you. It's format is ostensibly the same: 7 hour long essays on people with neurological problems--in this book, neurological problems that affect the perception of visual stimulation from the outside world. Fascinating stuff with a lot of science, not dumbed down, but still presented in such a way that most laymen would have no difficulty understanding, especially those who have read Sacks before.
3 sur 3 personne(s) ont trouvé cet avis utile.
- Scott Gregg
- 16/09/2011
A interesting and compassionate look at vision
I found the book, as most writings by Sacks, to be uplifting, profoundly humane, and deeply revealing of the utter strangeness of the human mind. Whenever I read Sacks I am always shocked at how little we know about how our minds work. How amazing the human brain is, even in cases of dysfunction. The stories of how people transcend, and thrive, with the various impairments of the visual system, show the resilience and tenacity of the human species and its ability to adapt.
3 sur 3 personne(s) ont trouvé cet avis utile.
- David Everling
- 09/04/2011
Sacks' high quality narrative, just a bit fuzzier
Fascinating stories about vision, its fragility and its capacity. The words are colorfully descriptive as Sacks tries to convey the disposition of the people and the visual anomalies they are experiencing (including a large chapter about Sacks' own loss of vision), and I only wish that I could somehow go beyond and sample the experience of their vision myself. In some cases I can come pretty close (could find a stereoscope, for example), but for some reason this book left me feeling wanting for more depth.
I've found Sacks' other books have more fascinating characters, perhaps in part because the description of those patients' unique traits comes easier when they can be seen in action (mistaking your wife for a hat, e.g.). Not that The Mind's Eye didn't have its own cast of fascinating characters, particularly Oliver Sacks describing his own progressive loss of vision in one eye, probably one of the best chapters in this book because the doctor can observe the symptoms for himself. My other favorite parts revolved around internal representations in the brain and how they correspond to real-world activities like language use and recognizing collections as an object (e.g. your face).
If the complexities of vision perplex you like they do me, I highly recommend this book and Sacks' The Island of the Colorblind.
2 sur 2 personne(s) ont trouvé cet avis utile.
- Kat
- 05/07/2015
Another great one!
I love hearing Oliver Sacks's voice in his audiobooks. My husband and I have been through many of his books and this is the first I know of where he read a whole chapter. This book is intriguing, insightful and will make you ponder sight in a way you may have never done before.
1 sur 1 personne(s) ont trouvé cet avis utile.
- Paul
- 24/05/2015
Visual as well as psychological
Along with his usual brilliance oliver sax describes vision and perception is our minds and bodies. As a blind clinician i found this book just as enlighting about my own vvisual quirks just as much as it taught me about psychology. This book was interesting and academic and read well.
- jeff
- 22/11/2011
eye opening
Oliver Sack's books are a revelation. They reach us in a new way. They reach a depth that books of similar ilk don't even approach. I find myself haunted after reading this book, just like all his other books. Its as if my subconscious is still pondering the insights and humanism of what I've read weeks after finishing one of his books. I find his description of his own battle with eye problems in this book so effecting, and his perspectives on sight will forever change how you perceive vision and blindness.
the unfortunate downside of all his books. is the sometimes overwhelming level of verbosity and medical / scientific jargon. Its all SO worth it in the end though,at least for me. His work will not only forever hold a place in my head- but also in my heart.
I cant write this review without commenting on the amazing job the narrator does with all of sack's books!! the fit of author and narrator are PERFECT! I must see what other work this great narrator has done.
If you enjoyed this, read - a leg to stand on- also available here. It is amazing!
- Janet
- 30/04/2011
good in parts
The chapter describing his own loss is the most compelling. Other parts are flatter than his other books, simply not as vivid or compelling. Worth it if only for the good chapter
0 sur 2 personne(s) ont trouvé cet avis utile.


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By Guest Contributor Shannon Joyce Prince
Read "Why Haiti Matters Part 1″ here.
Ou konn kouri, ou pa konn kache – You know how to run, but you don't know how to hide.
Synecdoche is a figure of speech in which one tells of the whole by evoking a part. In my original piece "Why Haiti Matters," I said that one reason the nation matters is that it is the world's teacher. Haiti's poverty and misery are the result of a mammoth crime that is two hundred years old and continues to this day, but the crime that destroyed Haiti is not exceptional. By studying the historical and contemporary situation of Haiti in detail, we can learn how poverty and injustice worldwide are created, perpetuated, and framed by powerful and wealthy individuals, organizations, corporations, and governments.
Dye mon, gen mon – Beyond the mountain is another mountain.
I mentioned in my previous essay that after the slave uprising that brought Haiti independence, the US helped force Haiti to pay 150 million francs to France as reparations to Haitian slave-owners for their loss of property. That act and its repercussions merit a detailed description because the mechanics of them reveal how poverty is created. Since Haiti's former slaves didn't have money to pay the reparations, they had no choice but to take out giant loans from American, German, and French banks.[i] Haiti's "debt" to France was so great that it took nearly a century and a half to pay – and contributed to a century and a half of Haitian poverty. For example, in 1900 80% of Haiti's economy was spent on repaying its debt. The debt, eventually lowered to the still exorbitant level of 60 million francs plus interest, wasn't paid off until 1947. The total amount Haiti paid, in today's currency, equals billions. Having to devote such vast resources to paying back its debt left little money for Haiti to meets its needs which caused the multifaceted and extreme misery Haiti suffers today. The country was so poor when it finished paying back France that it had to continue borrowing (often from those same countries who victimized Haiti in the first place) just to survive, and paying back those debts resulted in further poverty – a vicious circle.
The mere idea of slaves paying reparations to slave-owners is unspeakably evil. Haitian slavery was a brutal system of forced labor, sexual assault, maternal and infant mortality, torture, displacement, eradication of culture, separation of families, beatings, horrendous living conditions, rampant disease without healthcare, malnutrition, outright murder, and murder by premature death from the above mentioned situations. The average life expectancy of a Haitian slave was only 21 years.[ii] Haitian plantations were concentration camps. Haitian slavery meets the 1948 UN Convention on Genocide's [iii] definition of genocide – that this fact has gone unrecognized is a travesty and a tragedy. Yet again, the situation is not anomalous. The enslavement of Africans on the Middle Passage and throughout the Western hemisphere, the conquest of American Indians, the deaths of ten million in the Congo under King Leopold, and other sufferings of the colonized and enslaved are unrecognized genocides – history notes far too infrequently white acts of barbarism against non-whites or labels such acts and their details incorrectly.
Imagine if, after the Holocaust, the victims who were used as slave labor in concentration camps had been forced to pay reparations to the Nazis – that the Nazis had convinced the world that they were legitimately owed because they had lost their human property. Imagine if those victims' peoples were impoverished for the next century and a half paying back those who had enslaved and killed them. Then imagine if their maimed and miserable communities were trapped in an endless cycle of debt and poverty as a result. No one would tolerate such a crime – the punishment of slaves and their descendants for being enslaved and the continued enrichment of their enslavers and their descendants – when the majority of the victims are white. But for Haiti and throughout the "Third World," such crimes are perfectly acceptable. I believe that Holocaust victims deserve all the respect and compassion in the world – so, too, do other victims of slavery and genocide.
My former Ghanian boyfriend once asked, "How is it possible for the formerly colonized nations to be in debt to the colonizers? How can we owe those who stole resources from us?" Everyone should ask these questions. When you hear that a poor country with a history of victimization by colonization, slavery, or overt or covert First World meddling owes wealthy nations or organizations such as the World Trade Organization, World Bank, or the International Monetary Fund, almost certainly their "debt" is as illegitimate as Haiti's – a case of the victims being forced to pay their victimizers, a case of poor countries being locked in a cycle of debt due to poverty brought about by Western, First World, or European domination. Just as the First World first benefitted from reparations that wrecked Haiti's economy and then from forcing Haiti to accept further debt due to its wrecked economy, First World nations benefitted from colonizing various nations and now continue to benefit since those nations, poor due to colonization, are forced to borrow money from the First World to survive – trapping themselves into debt.
Bourik swe pou chwal dekore ak dentel – The donkey sweats so the horse can be decorated with lace.
The crime against Haiti is all the more striking when we consider the discourse that surrounds reparations, who's entitled to them, who should pay them, and the idea of statutes of limitations for historical crimes. Those who opposed reparations for slaves and their descendants were actively compelling Haitians to pay reparations to slave-owners immediately after Haiti's independence and to the governments of slave-owners' descendants a century and a half later. While the descendants of slaves are told to move on from the past when they seek to receive reparations, the descendants of slave-owners' governments can claim reparations decades after the fact. In other words, there are different rules for whites, for First World nations, and for the rich than for non-whites, Third World nations, and the poor.
The descendants of slave-owners and whites whose families didn't own slaves get to claim they aren't guilty and everyone who was a slave is dead, so reparations shouldn't be paid to the descendants of slaves. Those claims ignore the fact that all white people past and present in slave-owning countries benefitted and continue to benefit from slavery[iv] and the disparities caused by it.[v] They also ignore the fact that reparations paid to slaves' descendants wouldn't take money from the pockets of whites or cause white suffering but would come from places such as excess military-industrial spending.[vi] But Haitians didn't/don't get to point out that all the slave-owners are dead, that slave-owners were not victims of either slavery or the uprising, that the slaves who rebelled are gone, or that they are not responsible for the long term debts previous generations were forced into accumulating – despite the fact that these debts devastate Haiti, forcing the poor to survive by literally eating dirt and condemning them to die in their fifties.
If you research a term called "debt bondage," you might arrive at the website End Exploitation.[vii] There, as on many anti-slavery websites, you would learn that debt bondage is a form of exploitation considered as evil as crimes such as human trafficking and sex tourism, that debt bondage is a form of slavery. The website defines debt bondage as labor "demanded as a means of repayment of a loan," with the laborer "accepting terms which are exploitive in nature, and in gross violation of their human rights," and resulting in a "situation of perpetually increasing debt." While the website acknowledges that debt bondage occurs in both "developed" and "under-developed" countries, it claims that the most guilty countries are South Asian. While I applaud End Exploitation for their commitment to stopping suffering worldwide, I disagree with their analysis of the situation. I believe Western First World countries are the ones most guilty of debt bondage, and I believe that the debts First World countries claim nations such as Haiti owe them are a form of exploitation, and, in a way, enslavement. Instead of demanding an individual's labor in order to repay a loan, entire populations are forced to sacrifice education, their health, adequate housing, and even food, among other things, to pay back their debts. The extent of the misery caused by these debts is a testament to their exploitative nature and how they "grossly violate human rights." And the structural adjustment plans and conditions tied to these debts that I described in my previous essay further explain their immorality. And as history shows such debts increase perpetually – Haiti's debt began at the beginning of the nineteenth century and has yet to come to an end.
When non-white individuals in non-white countries force other individuals into "debt bondage," the practice is recognized as an ethically indefensible form of slavery. When First World governments, banks, and organizations do the same thing – on an even greater scale – to poor nations, the practice is considered acceptable – and is even construed as "aid."
In the face of all the talk about "aid" to Haiti and "debt forgiveness," South Africa's president Thabo Mbeki has been a force for clarity.[viii] As Mbeki has noted, if we recognize that Haiti's debt to the slave-owners was illegitimate, as we must, unless we also claim that the Nazis were owed a debt by Holocaust victims, then we accept that France, the US, and Germany, and possibly other co-conspirator countries, owe Haiti the billions of dollars in reparations Haiti paid the French government. I would add that if we accept that the original debt was illegitimate, we must also accept that the debts resulting from that original debt are also illegitimate. That money also should be paid back. Paying back what we owe Haiti isn't aid, debt relief, or even reparations for the crimes against slaves under slavery, nor is it the sum total of what the First World owes Haiti, but it's a crucial start. Those billions of dollars would turn Haiti around. Any other actions the First World takes to "help" Haiti are disingenuous and disproportionately small until the First World simply admits its debt to Haiti and pays back what it owes. If we recognize that Haiti's debts were and are illegitimate, then it's not enough for Haiti's lenders to say, "You don't have to pay me any more." They must also say, "I will pay back the money I illegitimately took from you." If the world can accept endless fictitious Third World debts to the First World, we should certainly find it reasonable for the First World to reimburse the Third World.
Ou we sa ou genyen, ou pa konn sa ou rete – You know what you have, but you don't know what's coming.
As I mentioned in my previous essay, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank are each loaning Haiti 100 million dollars, so despite all the talk going on about debt forgiveness, the cycle of debt is just continuing. It took Haiti a century and a half to pay 60 million francs in reparations to France. How many centuries will it take Haiti to pay back 200 million dollars?
Le yo vle touye chen yo di'l fou – When they want to kill a dog they say its crazy.
As Haitian wisdom acknowledges, before the vulnerable are condemned, they are given fictitious reasons for their condemnation. Similarly, in order for Haiti to be condemned to another round of cloaked colonialism, inaccurate news coverage, or erroneous historiography, it must be defined as backward, hapless, incomprehensible, or wildly deficient. What's especially scary about the mainstream media's discourse on Haiti is that it's much the same in sentiment and no more accurate than the discourse on Haiti on white supremacy websites – the language used is simply more tactful. Worse, if you examine antebellum documents and literature (available here: http://docsouth.unc.edu/ and here: http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/proslav/antitoms.html, for example) you will find the exact same arguments about blacks' alleged failings and inability to govern themselves as individuals, families, and peoples.
The historical record shows that the best chances Haiti has had to be a healthy, functioning nation have been when it was in control of itself – immediately after the revolution, for example, or upon the election of Aristide. Haiti's problems largely stem not from Haiti's expressions of its sovereignty but First World interference. Thus, the argument that if Haiti had been enslaved or colonized longer it wouldn't be such a miserable place or that more domination/guidance/"aid"/loans from the First World are needed to heal Haiti are both fictitious and ahistorical. First World governments and corporations have been destroying Haiti since the early 1800's – why should they be given another chance with Haiti now? After awhile the claims of the batterer to have changed ring hollow. Poor countries and their allies must recognize that the gifts of roses are simply followed by more beatings.
Sonje lapli ki leve mayi ou – Remember the rain that made your corn grow.
One of the cruelest ironies of the discourse surrounding Haiti is that Haiti's poverty and misery were created by the immorality and racial prejudices of the First World yet is blamed on the moral values of Haitians and Haitian culture in particular or blackness in general. Yet concomitant with the recognition that Haiti was made poor by the First World is the recognition that the First World was made wealthy by Haiti and other Third World countries. While the First World likes to attribute it's wealth to positive qualities it supposedly possesses, the fact is the First World has profited from the plunder of other nations. What's framed as Third World debt is really First World welfare. Furthermore, while First World countries recoil in horror at the idea of taking resources from the wealthy for the benefit of the poor, calling it socialism, they deem it appropriate to take resources from poor nations to redistribute them to wealthy nations.
Kreyol pale, kreyol komprann - Speak plainly, don't try to deceive.
In the face of all the dishonest discourse surrounding Haiti and other Third World countries, we need new language that accurately reflects historical and contemporary realties – perhaps a language that recognizes the Third World/developing world and the First World/developed world as the Plundered Nations and Plundering Nations. Perhaps we should call "aid" what it is – debt bondage. Debt forgiveness could be more accurately termed "cessation of extortion." We will also need a word parallel to anti-Semitism to describe anti-voodoo prejudice and misrepresentation. We should employ "Maafa," the Swahili word used to describe the holocaust that entailed slavery, colonization, and the deaths of tens of millions of black peoples, when we speak of Haitian slavery. The Council of Europe criminalizes "denial, gross minimisation, approval or justification of genocide or crimes against humanity."[ix] We should use the Council's definition of inappropriate behavior as a guideline for discourse on Haiti, and slavery and colonization worldwide and punish those who violate that guideline with the special opprobrium directed at Holocaust deniers. While racists will claim that our new language reflects revisionist history, we must recognize that the current terms are euphemisms at best and lies at worse, that they hide innocence, guilt, and agency.
Bay kou bliye, pote mak sonje – The giver of the blow forgets, the bearer of the scar remembers.
There are some crimes in history almost unfathomable in scale such as apartheid in South Africa or the purges of Stalin. The suffering of Haiti at the hands of the First World stands alongside those crimes. From slavery to the present day that suffering is almost incalculable. The First World owes Haiti a financial debt, but beyond that, we owe them the truth. We owe them a truth and reconciliation commission – and that debt of veracity makes Obama's Newsweek article all the more egregious. To lie about or omit the details of America's complicity in a human rights abuse horror the scale of Haiti's is an obvious moral wrong. What Obama did is known as "historical revisionism" or "negationism" and is considered a serious ethical failing.
We owe Haiti and other poor nations a truth and reconciliation commission, but unlike other commissions, the ones we owe the Third World must not allow the guilty to go unpunished. Unless given a deterrent, the powerful will continue to abuse the weak. How can one go to jail for shoplifting food from a grocery store but not for condemning an entire nation to malnutrition? People rightfully end up in prison for snatching children off street corners – why not for kidnapping presidents and forcing them off to foreign countries? The First World's varied acts of political, human rights, and economic sabotage of the Third World are criminal – and the wrongdoers must be punished.
I began this essay by stating that Haiti was both our teacher and a synecdoche. Haiti teaches us by offering us the opportunity to invert the gaze through which we are normally invited to regard the country. Haiti is a synecdoche because it is not exceptional. Other nations are poor because they have received the kind of treatment from the First World that Haiti has. Too often the media shows us images of children starving until they're merely skin and bones or corrupt Third World dictators without showing us the First World's hand in the creation of both. That an earthquake broke the country of Haiti is a terrible tragedy. If that earthquake doesn't also shatter the way we think of the First and Third Worlds, that tragedy will be redoubled.
P.S. Please consider donating to Partners in Health's "Stand with Haiti" campaign http://www.standwithhaiti.org/haiti. The organization has been serving Haiti since the 1980s, and their commitment and skill in extending healthcare as well as justice and dignity to Haitians is unparalleled.
[i] http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9D8C6BO0.htm
[ii] http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6281614.ece
[iii] http://www.redroom.com/blog/tim-wise/holocaust-denial-american-style
[iv] http://www.reparationsthecure.org/Articles/Lamb/MeetingOpposition
[v] http://www.catholiccharitiesusa.org/NetCommunity/Document.Doc?id=614
[vi] http://www.reparationsthecure.org/Articles/Lamb/MeetingOpposition
[vii] http://endexploitation.org/debt-bondage.html
[viii] http://www.timeslive.co.za/opinion/article275664.ece
[ix] http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/EN/Treaties/html/189.htm

subset: commoncrawl


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Message Board
David Morrell Message Board
Talk about the novels, new and used books that Morrell has written!
Author Morrell's Book Reviews
Desperate Measures
Matt Pittman is a journalist who is down on his luck. His son died of cancer, his wife left him, and he is too depressed to go on. He is on the verge of pulling the trigger to kill himself when his boss at the newspaper calls and asks him to do a favor. Since his boss was so helpful when his son was dying he decides he can do this one thing before he goes ahead and kills himself. His assignment is to write an obituary chronicling the life of Jonathan...
Long Lost
Warner, May 2002, 25.95, 310 pp. ISBN: 0446529400 As the older sibling thirteen-year-old Brad Denning knew he was responsible for his kid brother nine-year-old tag along Petey. However, his friends encouraged Brad to send Petey home. So Brad told Petey to leave. The sobbing preadolescent biked away. However, when Brad returned home for supper he learns that Petey did not come home. Frantically their parents called friends and the police, but...
The Protector
Warner, May 200, 25.95, 399 pp. ISBN: 0446530689 Biochemist Daniel Prescott creates a drug that is supposed to help stop addiction, but instead is rumored to provide an incredibly addictive rush by stimulating the body producing adrenaline. Fearing that undesirables will harm him to get at his creation, Daniel hires Global Protective Services, a security firm not squeamish about crossing legal barriers. Former Delta Force commando Cavanaugh se...


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Seriously, this is quite the storm, so I find myself homebound and finally back in front of my computer and as such, there are a few things that must be noted.
First, a huge hug, and a big sloppy kiss to my pal, Patrick Campbell for bestowing upon this blog, an SSS award (Stabbing Stabbing Stabbing - that's what the Sx3 stands for). Here's what Mr. Campbell had to say:
Oh, and check this out, The Drunken Severed head (from the blog of the same name) just slapped me with another of those Kreativ Blogger awards. Here's what TDS had to say:


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Nice work! Enjoy the show!
Link Copied!
Problem plane clouds strong Airbus profits
Opening Sequence
Deal reached for Kavanaugh accuser to testify Thursday
U.S. to demand U.N. keep sanctions on Pyongyang
Florence-hit areas still under threat: officials
Iran "ready" to confront U.S. - Rouhani
Sibling rivalry reaches a whole new level in Arizona politics
Survivor pulled from Tanzanian ferry wreck
Israel sets deadline to evacuate West Bank village
Vatican, China reach deal on appointing bishops
Comcast outbids Fox in battle for Sky
Cosby's upcoming sentencing a milestone for #MeToo
Closing Sequence


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Your Ideas
Your Ideas is a special blog section of the Aspen Public Radio website. It's a place where you can engage with a broad range of people from the Roaring Fork Valley and beyond who will share the political, economic, scientific, medical, artistic and other thoughts with you. It is a place where reasoned opinions are welcomed and lively debate is encouraged.


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79NEXT: Is Ice Loss Triggered by Ocean Warming Extending to north Greenland?
Fiamma Straneo, Physical Oceanography
Richard Limeburner, Physical Oceanography
Arctic Research Initiative
2011 Funded Project
In the late 1990s glaciers in southern Greenland suddenly accelerated, thinned and retreated releasing large volumes of ice into the ocean and contributing to sea level rise. The widespread change was unexpected and unpredicted by ice sheet models. A decade later, the leading hypothesis is that the acceleration was triggered by increased submarine melting at the glaciers' edge driven by warming ocean waters. Definitive conclusions are difficult to reach, however, since we have no measurements from the glacial fjords from the period prior to the glaciers' acceleration and because our understanding of the submarine melting process is very limited. Now, there are signs that glaciers may also be changing in northern Greenland where satellite data recently shows thinning of the ice at the marine margins. Last summer an iceberg four times the size of Manhattan broke off from Petermann Glacier in northwest Greenland. Even so, few or no ocean measurements are being collected near the northern glaciers and, once again, we may be missing our opportunity to observe conditions before change occurs.
Here, we propose to fill this gap with 79NEXT (79 North EXperimentT) – a coordinated effort to map ocean and glacier conditions at the 79 North Glacier (79N or Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden) in northeast Greenland. This is one of Greenland's largest glaciers and its characteristics make it particularly vulnerable to ocean warming, still the glacier shows no sign of change. Ocean data will be collected by drilling through the glacier's 100 m ice tongue and deploying moored instruments (an 'ice mooring') into the 600 m ocean cavity beneath it. Glacier speed and surface melt conditions will be mapped using a network of GPS (Global Positioning System) units and two Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) on the ice. These measurements will provide an unprecedented record of ice/ocean dynamics in northern Greenland, that is crucial to improving our understanding of these coupled systems, and a baseline for comparison should the glacier undergo change.This project is made feasible by a concurrence of events: free access to an icebreaker and helicopter for the field work; availability of the controller system for an 'ice mooring' recently deployed in Antarctica, and no-cost GPS and AWS systems from our glaciologist colleague (Hamilton). The work builds on Straneo's experience and knowledge in working at the margins of Greenland's glaciers, including a 2009 pilot survey of 79N funded by WHOI's ARI, and Limeburner's recent successful development, deployment and recovery of a 'satellite telemetered ice mooring' below the Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica. The observing system proposed here will be the first such system ever deployed in Greenland and will help establish WHOI's leadership in designing and employing new real-time data technologies to overcome the challenges of wo


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MANILA, Philippines (AP) — Nearly a million Filipino Roman Catholics have gathered in central Cebu City to celebrate the canonization of the country's second saint, 17th-century teen martyr Pedro Calungsod.
Devotees waved palm fronds, shouting "Viva San Pedro Calungsod" when Calungsod's flower-decked wooden statue arrived Friday at a shrine built on a 27-hectare (67-acre) land.
Last month, Pope Benedict XVI canonized the teenager from central Philippines who joined Spanish Jesuit missionaries to Guam in 1668 to convert the native Chamorros. He was killed when the natives resisted.
Cardinal Ricardo Vidal urged the faithful to emulate Calungsod's love for Christ and sacrifice for his fellow men.
Police say up to 900,000 people flocked to the open-air thanksgiving Mass. Among them was President Benigno Aquino III.
The Philippines is Asia's largest predominantly Roman Catholic country.


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Michael Chu
Joined: 10 May 2005
Posts: 1654
Location: Austin, TX (USA)
Posted: Sun Jan 28, 2007 6:59 pm
Post subject: Re: Adding whey protein to cookies
nabel (guest) wrote:
Hi - just wondering if anyone would know how to add whey protein to the Chocolate Chip cookie recipe?
The problem is that whey protein often bakes up very hard. Many energy/protein bars balance this with significant amounts of fat to keep the bar moist and chewable - thus the classic texture of a protein bar. I haven't experimented with adding extra protein to cookies, so I can't comment on how that would be done while preserving the texture of the cookie.
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Michael Chu
Joined: 10 May 2005
Posts: 1654
Location: Austin, TX (USA)
Posted: Sun Jan 28, 2007 7:05 pm
Post subject: Re: Unsalted butter vs salted
ying wrote:
I live in Malaysia and here salted butter is more commonly used for baking. I'm wondering what is the difference between the results of unsalted and salted butter in the cookies?
Will it affect the texture of the cookies? Also what is the purpose of adding salt?
Don't worry - even here in the United States, salted butter is more popular than unsalted. The reason we call for unsalted butter in a recipe is because there's no way to know how much salt is in any brand or batch of salted butter. You can try to calculate this based on the Nutrition Information panel, but that's fairly inaccurate. Until butter manufacturers print just how much salt they are adding to their butter, you could end up with drastically different salt levels in your final baked good.
Lucky for us, unsalted butter exists. If we use unsalted butter we can manually add the required amount of salt to the recipe and there wouldn't be an issue of having excessive salt or too little salt.
The reason why salt is added to sweets like toffee or cookies is that it brings out extra flavor and sweetness without adding additional sugar or flavorings. A batch made without salt will taste somewhat bland in comparison to a batch made with salt (but too much salt makes it taste funny).
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mary mack
Posted: Tue Jan 30, 2007 8:04 am
Post subject: Mrs. Field's recipe has baking powder
I used the free Mrs. Field's recipe from topsecretrecipes.com and the difference is that it uses half baking powder and half baking soda. I go the thick crispy exterior yet soft chewy hockey puck cookie that is a dollar or more retail. I also used my new mixer. When I tried the tollhouse recipe without the mixer, no one wanted to eat them. I ate about five of the hockey pucks today and feel a little nauseated.
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Posted: Mon Feb 05, 2007 3:54 pm
Post subject: Wheat flour and applesauce
Is there a healthy way to make chocolate chip cookies with wheat flour and applesauce? I would like to substitute wheat flour for the white flour, but am not sure if I am to use the same quantity. Thanks!
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Posted: Mon Feb 26, 2007 7:11 pm
Post subject: Nestle Choc. Chip cookie enhancement
If you use half margerine and half crisco the cookies come out slightly thicker and I think tastier. I prefer much less (1/4 to 1/2 recipe) choc. chips too though that's personal preference.
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Posted: Tue Feb 27, 2007 7:09 pm
Post subject: vanilla
Please don't believe everything Cook's Illustrated says just because it's popular. I can't tell you how many things I have tried substituting that they have said is the best and there is just no way it works. One is Vanilla! I bought all the bottles they rated.. and let me tell you, nothing beats a real Mexican vanilla, which W&S now carries. Expensive? Not all that much more really than other quality brands, and well worth the extra money if you are using it in a recipe where the vanilla flavor is going to be prominant. I wouldn't use it in a chocolate recipe where it would be overpowered anyway. Most other recipes, I use McCormick's. Taste it for yourself..it is very close to the mexican vanilla sold at W & S .. just a tad bit not as strong. I won't use the word weaker..because it is by no means a weak tasting vanilla. It is just not as strong as the Neilson-Massey brand sold at Williams & Sonoma. Again..it does depend on what you are using it for. Different vanillas work better in different recipes...but for a real clear crisp vanilla flavor.. go w/Neilson-Massey's Mexican.
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Robin Goodfellow
Posted: Tue Mar 06, 2007 3:40 am
Post subject: Why does salted butter have salt in it?
I have heard that dairies will add salt to a butter to cover the taste of impurities from not-quite-as-fresh-as-possible milk or cream. This could be an urban (or rural) legend but it sounds plausible to me.
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Joined: 07 Apr 2007
Posts: 1
Posted: Sat Apr 07, 2007 12:34 am
Post subject: Toll House in Australia
Hi all,
I've recently moved to Australia, and found that my tollhouse cookies come out very, very flat.
I've tried using different types of butter, and I've used many different ovens, but they never seem to come out right.
Any ideas?
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Desperately Seeking Answe
Posted: Fri Apr 27, 2007 1:13 am
Post subject: NEED Cookie Recipe for Extra Large Thick Cookies
Anyone know how to make the extra large cookie sizes we see in coffee shops?
I want to make these as gifts for friends and family.
I read that adding more flour can do the trick, but does this compromise the taste lost with the other ingredients? And, does the baking time or temperature also need to be altered?
Any tried and proven solutions would be greatly appreciated!
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Joined: 26 Oct 2005
Posts: 535
Posted: Fri Apr 27, 2007 2:57 pm
Post subject:
As Alton Brown would ask, are you looking for a hard and crunchy, soft and chewy or cakey type of cookie? He did a show describing the three kinds. I might have that show saved in my archives. As I remember, variables were sugar type (brown vs regular vs Karo), shortening vs butter and flour amounts. Use large dollops of cookie dough and a lot of space between them on the pan. I don't recall temperature being one of the variables.
Here's the link to Alton Brown's three variations on Nestle Toll House cookies:
Last edited by GaryProtein on Thu Aug 02, 2007 7:41 am; edited 1 time in total
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Replying to Gary
Posted: Fri Apr 27, 2007 4:05 pm
Post subject: Making Thicker, Larger Cookies
Thanks Gary for replying.
I prefer the cookies to result in soft and chewy.
I was hoping to use my oatmeal cookie recipe. And this recipe includes light brown sugar.
I was also thinking that placing the cookie dough that's already been dropped on the cookie sheet in the fridge to firm it. Sometimes the dough can get too warm with the climate here in Florida and begin to melt some.
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Joined: 13 Jun 2007
Posts: 1
Posted: Wed Jun 13, 2007 1:29 am
Post subject: Freezing CCC dough
This is in response to the person who asked if anyone had frozen their own cookie dough before. I have and it's my favorite way of making chocolate chip cookies. It's a great help in controling portions as I can bake just enough to satisfy the immediate craving. I usually double my recipe (I use the butter/shortening recipe) and spread it out on a large baking sheet (12 x 18), freeze until firm, then cut into cubes. Transfer to another container or bag and put back in freezer. You do have to work rather quickly so the dough doesn't thaw out but it goes very fast. My grown daughter loves getting these frozen chunks of dough as a "gift" as she really hates to bake but loves the taste of freshly baked cookies. I have been doing this for more than 15 years and have never had a problem.
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cooking in Kansas
Posted: Wed Aug 01, 2007 9:26 pm
Post subject: Thick & chewy
I've made more batches of chocolate chip cookies than I can count, since a friend told me to use the Toll House recipe, but add an extra cup of flour, to make them thick, instead of flat. I usually sift flour for most of my recipes, but was told for this particular one, to not sift. I use salted butter, and imitation vanilla. I generally use Nestle's Toll House semi-sweet chocolate chips, but have used Ghirardelli brand with excellent results. I haven't tried freezing the dough, but I do freeze the baked cookies if they won't be eaten within about 24 hours. I can tell the flavor starts to slip after a couple of days, if left at room temperature. (Non-finicky eaters might not notice the difference.) If the cookies will be eaten while still warm, you can bake them longer. But if they will be eaten after they've reached room temperature, it is better to underbake them a bit, to retain the moistness.
I've gotten lots of raves from the various groups who have sampled my cookies. (And my teenaged sons won't eat anyone else's homemade chocolate chip cookies!)
After baking so MANY batches of cookies, they aren't as tempting to me as they used to be. However, putting them in the freezer helps to ration them out, instead of letting my sons eat until they're miserable.
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Posted: Tue Aug 14, 2007 11:59 pm
Post subject: altitude
Doesn't altitude play a role in the outcome?
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Joined: 26 Oct 2005
Posts: 535
Posted: Wed Aug 15, 2007 2:15 am
Post subject: Re: altitude
liz wrote:
Doesn't altitude play a role in the outcome?
Absolutely. At high altitude where water boils off faster, the cookie may dry out before the substance of the cookie is actually cooked if the oven temperature is maintained constant. We really need the expertise of a high altitude cook here. High altitude cooking is considered to be about 3500 feet plus or minus depending on who you ask.
see this google search result for high altitude cooking:
As far as alititude (actually barometric pressure) is concerned, at sea level and standard temperature and pressure, the barometric pressure is close to 30"Hg and water boils at 212F. In Denver CO at 5200 ft, where the normal barometric pressure is about 24.5"Hg, the boiling point is about 202F. At Mt Everest at 29,000 ft, the barometric pressure is about 10"Hg, and the boiling point of water is about 175F. There is roughly a one degree F decrease in BP for every 540 feet in altitude. Above 15,000 feet this guide doesn't hold up well, but people don't generally live there.
The weather also plays a role in the boiling point of water. At sea level (New York, Miami, San Francisco) bad, rainy weather (29.5"Hg) may lower the boiling point one degree, in a hurricane (29"Hg) the boiling point is still around 210, maybe a little less in a stronger hurricaine where the barometric pressure is less, but weather doesn't play as big a role as altitude.
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The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency released new footage of its AlphaDog this week, a technological marvel of emerging technology that could turn the tide of battle, or at least carry a lot of heavy gear for soldiers.
Technically designated the Legged Squad Support System (L3), the AlphaDog can traverse rough terrain, plow through underbrush, follow soldiers in the field, act as a charging station for radios, and generally scare the hell out of any enemy soldier it comes across. Its original concept was to simply replace pack mules, which are still being used in some part of the world. But it's become a lot more than that.
The L3 is stuffed with sensors that allow wireless control and enough processing power to perform small tasks on its own, such as righting itself should it fall down, which is shown on the video. It has some voice recognition capabilities too, and you know soldiers are going to want to tell it to "sit," "beg," and "roll over."
The current version is 800-pounds, but can carry 400-pounds of gear for 20 miles without further intervention. Previous models were loud, but this one just emits a low humming sound, except when it's crashing through miles of underbrush, of course. It's still no ninja.
And as essentially a pack mule, it's not quick, walking at 1 to 3 miles per hour, jogging at 5 mph and, eventually, getting up to 7 mph over a flat surface, DARPA says. That's a far cry from DARPA's CheetahBot, which recently hit a record speed of 28.3 mph, faster than the 27.78 mph Usain Bolt topped out at during his world record 100-meter run.
In all, though, the new L3 is pretty amazing. It's at least two years of testing away from getting certified for use by the Marines, which is the military branch most interested in this new technology.
But I have to say, as much as I like the L3, I love my original, slightly more ridiculous, M.U.L.E. better. It's been carrying my gear and helping me colonize planets since 1983.
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That thing is horribly loud! It sounds like one of those electric chainsaws. There is no way that thing is quiet enough as it is in the video. The concept is a cool idea though. I'm curious to see what its limitations are in terms of the kind of terrain it can handle. Can it jump small gaps? walk across narrow plank bridges? how about climb up even steeper terrain than what is in this video? how does it handle water?
Mack, the whole purpose of the system was for it to walk on uneven and mountainous terrain where wheeled robots couldn't go. Apparently you have never had the pleasure of dismounting and havaing to walk up steep mountains like the hindu kush in eastern Afghanistan with radios, ammo, crew served weapons, rations, batteries, body armor, etc. Hopefully they can get this perfected in the next several years and actually get it deployed.
I want one
So, what happens 20 miles into the patrol when it runs out of fuel? Is someone carrying more fuel? Do they just leave it there waiting for a new master?
It just seems to me that this is an answer for the problem that doesn't exist. If it makes any noise at all it is too loud. If noise is acceptable, then using a wheeled vehicle is a better solution.
I can see it now, a long range patrol and at wakeup the dogbot is gone. In the night, someone ran up and called out...here kitty kitty.
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My taste buds are controlled by the weather. When it's cool, chilly or downright cold, I want hearty, stick-to-your-ribs fare. When things start warming up, though, my body says, "Don't weigh me down!"
It's getting toasty out there, folks, so it's time to lighten things up a bit. Fish is a perfect way to accomplish that deliciously. It's satisfying, protein-packed, fast and simple. It's a wonderful solution for the on-the-go family in the summer.
Salmon is a crowd-pleasing fish choice under most circumstances, but when it's turned into a burger, it can convert even the most entrenched fish-haters.
A food processor makes fast work of breaking down the fish. Admittedly, when you've pulsed the fish into a chunky puree, it looks like you might be going down the wrong road, but stick with it because it's so darned good when it's all said and done!
When it comes to serving these beautifully moist salmon burgers with a hint of ginger, you have a couple of options. The grown-ups in our house like them wrapped in a tender lettuce leaf with a dollop of Wasabi Mayonnaise, some Asian Marinated Cucumber Salad, and some Asian Pickled Carrots. The kids like them on toasted whole wheat hamburger rolls with just a smear of Wasabi Mayonnaise. Either way, they are fabulous.
Serve these up on Memorial Day for a surefire hit! Visit Kraft Recipes for more Memorial Day friendly sandwich recipes!
Asian Salmon Burgers with Wasabi Mayonnaise
Ingredients for the Salmon Burgers:
2 lbs. salmon fillets, skin and bones removed carefully.
1 3/4 cups panko breadcrumbs, plus more if needed
1 bunch green onions, washed
¼ cup KRAFT Real Mayo Mayonnaise
1 Tbsp. pickling liquid from a jar of pickled ginger (Gari)
Oil (canola, peanut, or vegetable) for pan frying
Ingredients for the Wasabi Mayonnaise:
1/2 cup KRAFT Real Mayo Mayonnaise
1-3 Tbsp. wasabi paste, according to taste
Optional Ingredients for Serving:
Whole wheat buns, toasted or tender lettuce leaves (like butter or red leaf lettuce)
Asian pickled carrots
Japanese Cucumber Salad
Pickled ginger
To Prepare the Burgers:
Cut the salmon into 2-inch chunks and put into the bowl of a food processor fitted with a metal blade. Pulse until the fish is broken down into chunky puree. It should still have pebble sized pieces (about ¼-inch) in it. Scrape this into a bowl.
Cut the root end from the green onions, slice in half lengthwise, turn them 90° and slice them very thinly. Put this into the bowl with the salmon, ½ cup of the panko bread crumbs, mayonnaise, and pickled ginger liquid. Mix until uniform.
Line a baking sheet with plastic wrap or parchment paper. Divide the salmon mixture into 8 mounds and form those mounds into patties that are ¾-inch thick. Cover with plastic wrap and chill for 1-8 hours before cooking.
Pour the remaining panko bread crumbs onto a plate. Gently lift and place each salmon patty on the bread crumbs, press down lightly to help the panko stick, flip the patties over and repeat.
Heat a large, heavy-bottomed skillet over medium-high heat. When it is very hot, add about 1 tablespoon of oil to the pan and swirl it to coat.
Ease the panko crusted patties into the pan. A 12-inch pan should hold 4 patties at a time and still give you room to maneuver the spatula when it comes time to flip them. Cook for 5 minutes, or until the first side is deep golden brown. Carefully flip the patties using a wide spatula. Be cautious because the oil will want to splatter. Fry the second side for an additional 3 to 5 minutes, or until golden brown and firm around the outer edges. Transfer to a paper towel lined plate or platter. Add another tablespoon of oil to the pan and repeat until fried all of the salmon burgers.
To Prepare the Wasabi Mayonnaise:
Put the mayonnaise in a small bowl and use a fork or small whisk to stir in the wasabi paste, starting with 1 tablespoon. Taste the mayonnaise and adjust with more wasabi if you want a stronger flavor.
To Serve the Salmon Burgers:
If you're watching how much bread you eat, serve the Salmon Burgers on a tender lettuce leaf topped with a dollop of the Wasabi Mayonnaise and any other optional toppings you'd like. If you want to eat it burger style, put a patty on top of a toasted whole wheat bun, spread some wasabi mayonnaise over the burger and top as desired.
These Asian-inspired salmon burgers are made with green onions, panko bread crumbs and pickled-ginger juice and topped with wasabi-spiked mayonnaise.
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Article by Kraft TasteMaker Rebecca Lindamood. For more recipes and ideas, visit her blog at Foodie with Family.
Please keep in mind that the bloggers opinions, advice and recipes are their own and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of Kraft Foods.
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AWMA® offers a wide variety of mma gloves to buy, featuring top name brands as ProForce® and UFC® official fighting gloves. Before you train, or step into the ring, make sure you buy ProForce® gear from AWMA®!
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There are many styles of gloves that are used for training and competition. Certain guidelines determine the style, size, weight, and padding thickness of the gloves used during the sport. As a trainer, trainee, or competitor, you may be interested in a few types of gloves which we feature on our website including:
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Aztec Apocalypse, 1519–1521
Ross Hassig
The Conquest of Mexico is typically explained in terms of European military superiority, and although this offered an advantage to the forces arrayed against the Aztecs, it was merely part of a broader picture required to understand their downfall. Indigenous political circumstances played the key role in the Conquest, which can best be understood as an Indian victory over other Indians. The Spaniards represented less a conquering force, with which other native groups opportunistically allied, than an opportunity for groups opposed to the Aztecs to employ the relatively minor Spanish forces to multiply their own superior military strength. The Spaniards recognized their own pivotal role and shifted much of the timing of the conquest to sustain it. Other circumstances of the Spanish arrival, including the massive population loss from the accompanying smallpox, did play a role, but one that was primarily understood and used against the Aztecs by the allied Indians. So ultimately, the Conquest can be best understood as an Indian victory over other Indians, but with the Spaniards manipulating the outcome to ultimately win the peace.
Caste Wars in Yucatán
Michele McArdle Stephens
The Caste Wars of the Yucatán tore apart the peninsula between 1847 and 1901. While the violence was not constant throughout the more than five decades between the start and conclusion of the war itself, the threat of rebel hostilities was ever present. Scholars have debated the origins of the war for many decades, with most recent academic treatments focusing on heavy tax burdens, poor working conditions for Yucatán's peasantry, and the loss of land that occurred during the second half of the century. Tensions between political leaders exacerbated relations with the Mayas in particular and the peasantry more generally. The emergence of the breakaway state of Chan Santa Cruz, in the southeastern part of Yucatán, allowed rebel forces to coalesce between 1850 and the early 1870s. Here, a "Speaking Cross" oracle gave direction to the rebellious Mayas, who crushed their enemies and exacted revenge against those who would not support their cause. The emergence of Porfirio Díaz as President of Mexico in 1876 led to a gradual "reconquest" of the areas held by the cruzob, or "people of the Cross." By 1901, the Mexican military ended the Caste Wars, though violent episodes still marred Yucatán until the early 1930s.
The Colonial Mosaic of Indigenous New Spain, 1519–1821
Susan Kellogg
From a geographically, environmentally, linguistically, and ethnically highly variable Mesoamerica, Spain created a core region within her American territories. But for New Spain's indigenous inhabitants (Mexica or Nahua, Mixtec, Zapotec, and Maya), despite experiencing demographic catastrophe, political and religious subjugation, and labor exploitation during and after conquest, native cultural patterns and agency influenced the reshaping of governance and community (the latter into pueblos de indios), economy, and spiritual and social life during the period of colonial rule. Because environments, indigenous languages, patterns of political, economic, and spiritual organization, ways of structuring family life, varieties of cultural expression, and forms of interrelationships with Spaniards varied so much, indigenous people did not experience a single New Spain. Instead, a multiplicity of New Spains emerged. These indigenous New Spains would play different roles during the independence period, which led to a protracted struggle, further impoverishment, and growing isolation in the new nations of Mesoamerica but cultural survival as well.
Competing Spanish and Indigenous Jurisdictions in Early Colonial Lima
Karen B. Graubart
Spanish legal organization required that political communities be represented by a concejo or cabildo, which used customary law to determine and enforce the common good. In the Spanish colonial world, this entailed vesting indigenous communities with jurisdiction and political representation, parallel to that of the municipal cabildo, which represented the common good of most Spanish citizens. Nevertheless, the supposed common good of indigenous and Spanish jurisdictions often intersected or contested one another. In these cases, agents of the Spanish Crown might intervene, or the parties might negotiate new relations. Because Andean cabildos were entreated not to keep minutes of their deliberations or actions, historians have had difficulty in recognizing the role of indigenous authorities in self-governance, and given more credence to the acts of Spanish cabildos and the Crown. But Indian cabildos and caciques took meaningful decisions within their communities, as demonstrated by moments where they came into conflict with Spanish authorities, and as inferred from a small number of documents available for the similar Mexican case.
The Conquests of Peru
Christopher Heaney
Between 1472 and 1572, the conquests of Peru were many: by the Inca, who in the 15th century spread from their southern Andean heartland in Cusco to build an empire that stretched from what is now southern Colombia to northern Chile and Argentina; by the Spanish conquistadors under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Almagro, who reached down from Panama in search of the rumored wealth of the kingdom of "Birú" and fatefully encountered the aspirant Inca emperor Atahualpa at Cajamarca in November of 1532; by the Spanish crown, which intervened after the revolt of Atahualpa's brother Manco Inca in 1536 and the rebellion of the conquistadors in the 1540s; and by the Inca's former subjects, the Spaniards' Indian allies, and their mestizo sons, who ended independent Inca resistance by helping to capture Atahualpa's nephew in the Vilcabamba valley in 1572. This essay sketches the century-long arc of those many conquests, which together yielded a historical entity not quite like any other in the early modern world, let alone Americas: a composite Spanish-Indian kingdom whose incredible wealth lay not just in the gold and silver that its mines and burials produced but in the network of subjects and laborers that drew both the Inca and their Habsburg successors on to further conquests than was wise.
Digital Resources: Power of Attorney, A Digital Spatial History of Indigenous Legal Culture in Colonial Oaxaca, Mexico
Yanna Yannakakis
"Power of Attorney in Oaxaca, Mexico: Native People, Legal Culture, and Social Networks" is an ongoing digital research project that constructs a geography of indigenous legal culture through digital maps and visualizations. The
"Power of Attorney in Oaxaca, Mexico: Native People, Legal Culture, and Social Networks" is an ongoing digital research project that constructs a geography of indigenous legal culture through digital maps and visualizations. The Power of Attorney (
The multiscalar narrative of the Power of Attorney project speaks to multiple audiences, and the digital multimedia format allows visitors to further tailor their interactions with information. The site operates on many levels. It provides maps and visualizations based on original research, data culled from primary sources that can be used as a research tool, historical and geographical background information, information about how to read letters of attorney, and microhistorical narratives of power of attorney relationships. For undergraduates learning about the relationship between Spanish administration and pueblos de indios, the maps and visualizations provide an at-a-glance overview of the spatial and social connections among Indian towns, ecclesiastical and viceregal courts, and the court of the king in Madrid from the perspective of an indigenous region rather than a top-down perspective. Graduate students and scholars interested in the production of notarial records in native jurisdictions, social history and ethnohistorical methodology and the relationship between local and transatlantic processes can explore the maps, visualizations, and data in greater detail. An educated general audience interested in the history of Oaxaca's native peoples can find a general introduction to the region, its history and geography, and the long-standing relationship between Mexico's native people and the law.
Excavation and Exhibition of the Pre-Hispanic Cultures during the Porfiriato
Christina Bueno
In the late 19th century, Mexico's ancient ruins captivated much of the world. European and American explorers trekked through what was often touted as an "American Egypt" in search of pre-Columbian artifacts to display in private collections and museums. Mexicans similarly hunted after the remains of the Indian past, as their country witnessed a heightened interest in the excavation and exhibition of ancient artifacts during the dictatorship of Porfirio Díaz, the period commonly known as the Porfiriato (1876–1910). The Díaz regime embraced the indigenous past in order to present Mexico as a nation with ancient and prestigious roots. It took control of pre-Hispanic relics and ruins through archaeology, a discipline that was thought to give Mexico the coveted aura of a scientific, cosmopolitan, and modern nation. The Díaz regime gave unprecedented support to the National Museum in Mexico City, the nation's most important institution for the study and display of Indian antiquity. Museum scholars such as Francisco del Paso y Troncoso, Alfredo Chavero, and Antonio Peñafiel, worked on building and organizing the archaeology collection as the government intensified the process of accumulating artifacts in the capital. One of the central figures in this process was Leopoldo Batres, the head of the General Inspectorate of Archaeological Monuments of the Republic. Batres brought antiquities to the museum, helped organize the archaeology collection, and built the Gallery of Monoliths, the nation's premier showcase of pre-Columbian relics. He also carried out excavations at ruins throughout the country and reconstructed several archaeological sites, including Xochicalco and Mitla. His most famous (and most controversial) work took place at Teotihuacán, where he rebuilt the Pyramid of the Sun, turning Teotihuacán into the nation's first official archaeological site, a project made to coincide with the centennial celebration of Mexican independence in 1910.
The Incas of the Andes
Susan Elizabeth Ramirez
The Inca (also Inka) Empire, called by the Andeans themselves "Tawantinsuyu," referred to its four parts: the Chinchaysuyu, the Antisuyu, the Collasuyu, and the Cuntisuyu. Inter-disciplinary research pictures an assemblage of ethnic groups under a dynasty of rulers, believed to have supernatural origins. This multi-cultural state, overseen by a decimally-defined administrative system, was united by kinship ties; the worship of the sun, the moon and ethnic ancestors; negotiation; reciprocity; and force. At its height, it spread from Northwestern Argentina, through Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador, and included about half of Chile and the southern frontier of Colombia. Troubles began in the 1520s as a strange disease decimated the native population, claiming the emperor himself. Yet, the Inca's jurisdiction continued to expand until circa 1532, the date when Francisco Pizarro and his followers and allies marched across the Andes and confronted the Andean emperor Atahualpa in the plaza of the highland ceremonial center of Cajamarca.
Estelle Tarica
Indigenismo is a term that refers to a broad grouping of discourses—in politics, the social sciences, literature, and the arts—concerned with the status of "the Indian" in Latin American societies. The term derives from the word "indígena," often the preferred term over "indio" because of the pejorative connotations that have accrued to the latter in some contexts, and is not to be confused with the English word "indigenism." The origins of modern indigenismo date to the 16th century and to the humanist work of Bartolomé de las Casas, dubbed "Defender of the Indians" for his efforts to expose the violence committed against native populations by Spanish colonizers. Indeed indigenismo generally connotes a stance of defense of Indians against abuse by non-Indians, such as criollos and mestizos, and although this defense can take a variety of often-contradictory forms, it stems from a recognition that indigenous peoples in colonial and modern Latin America have suffered injustice. Another important precursor to modern indigenismo is 19th-century "Indianismo." In the wake of Independence, creole elites made the figure of "the Indian" a recurring feature of Latin American republican and nationalist thought as the region sought to secure an identity distinct from the colonial powers.
The period 1910–1970 marks the heyday of modern indigenismo. Marked by Las Casas's stance of defense toward indigenous people and by creole nationalists' "Indianization" of national identity, the modernizing indigenismo of the 20th century contains three important additional dimensions: it places the so-called "problem of the Indian" at the center of national modernization efforts and of national revolution and renewal; it is, or seeks to become, a matter of state policy; and it draws on contemporary social theories—positivist, eugenicist, relativist, Marxist—to make its claims about how best to solve the "Indian problem." Though its presence can be found in many Latin American countries, indigenismo reached its most substantive and influential forms in Mexico and Peru; Bolivia and Brazil also saw significant indigenista activity. Anthropologists played a central role in the development of modern indigenismo, and indigenismo flourished in literature and the performing and visual arts. In the late 20th century, indigenous social movements as well as scholars from across the disciplines criticized indigenismo for its paternalist attitude toward Indians and for promoting Indians' cultural assimilation; the state-centric integrationist ideology of indigenismo has largely given way to pluri-culturalism.
Indigenous Mobilizations and the Mexican Government during the 20th Century
María L. O. Muñoz
The political history of indigenous peoples in Mexico during the 20th century is complex, particularly because it intersects with changing local, state, and federal government projects aimed at exclusion, inclusion, assimilation, integration, homogenization, and multiculturalism. Focusing only on such government initiatives, however, muddies the analytical waters, as doing so tends to silence forms of resistance, accommodation, reaction, adaptation, and the agency of first peoples and communities. Oftentimes this approach assumes a complacent population at the mercy of a predatory state or a subject people in the care of a paternalistic state. In recognition of the danger of accepting state-driven indigenismo projects as the defining criteria of native people's histories during the 20th century, this article parallels glimpses of state-driven indigenismos with indigenous forms of regional and national organization in defense of individual and collective interests, as expressed in works that have emerged over the last twenty-five years. By no means are the themes covered in this article indicative of the breadth of the concerns, ideas or political, social, and economic interests of native peoples. Rather, its intent is to juxtapose histories of indigenismos and indígena mobilizations and organization after 1940 to illustrate how the government attempted to shape its "revolutionary" vision after 1920 and the ways in which indigenous communities themselves also engaged, or did not, in this process for a number of reasons, collective and individual.
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BROCKTON -- The 55-year-old Guatemalan man spoke quietly with his court interpreter as the prosecutor laid out his connection to a box of human remains found in Duxbury.
Jose Milthon Freddy Azurdia-Montenegro knew the person discovered in the box, a Guatemalan man who may have been a so-called drug mule for narcotics trafficking, and lied about that knowledge to police, prosecutors said.
Montenegro pleaded innocent Monday in Brockton District Court to a charge of misleading police while they were investigating the gruesome discovery. He was held on $10,000 cash bail and surrendered his passport.
Montenegro knew the victim, a 44-year-old Guatemalan man named Estuardo Leonel Melgar Perez, who was identified through fingerprint analysis, Assistant District Attorney Peter Maguire said.
Both Perez and Montenegro worked in the automobile industry, Maguire said, purchasing vehicles in the United States and shipping them back to Guatemala.
They were also both supposed to leave the United States and return to Honduras, a Central American country bordering Guatemala, on the same flight last Saturday out of JFK International Airport in New York.
Perez entered the United States on July 25, 2014 through JFK airport on a flight from Honduras.
His body was found in a cardboard box two days later, a week ago Sunday, at the intersection of Alexander Way and Walker Road in Duxbury. A bomb squad examined the box using x-ray technology, and found what appeared to be human remains.
The state medical examiner's office conducted an autopsy, confirming the remains were human. The cause and manner of death are pending.
Maguire hinted at a reason for the killing during the arraignment Monday.
He said the only wound found on the body was a 14-inch incision from the breast bone to the pelvic area, causing no internal damage, "presumably to access the contents of the stomach."
The prosecutor also said that an unnamed source told police Montenegro worked with an automobile shop in Boston that had drug connections.
WCVB Channel 5, citing anonymous sources, reported that Perez was a so-called drug mule whose body had been cut open to retrieve the drugs. The district attorney's office refused to comment on that allegation.
State Police, with the help from the Department of Homeland Security, picked up Montenegro at JFK before he boarded his flight Saturday.
At first, when he was brought to the Brockton Police Headquarters for questioning, Montenegro denied any knowledge of the victim, Maguire said. That statement, later recanted by Montenegro, led to the lying to police charge.
Montenegro eventually admitted to knowing the victim, though his court-appointed attorney Scott Bradley said his client only met Perez once several years ago through their related work.
"He corrected himself right away," Bradley said. "The officers and troopers want to have him around to get whatever they think they can out of him."
Maguire originally asked for $50,000 cash bail. Montenegro's next court date is Aug. 28 for a pre-trial conference.
Bradley said Montenegro was staying with friends during his visit to the area and knows nothing about the killing.
"He just buys and sells cars," Bradley said. "He just wants to get back to his family."


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Clayton Dickinson, 60, died Nov. 17, 2012.
He was born Jan. 15, 1952 to the late Ethel Mae and Jimmie Dickinson Sr. He joined the Orange Hill Missionary Baptist Church at an early age. After graduating from Clarke County High School, Class of 1971 he moved to Detroit, Michigan where he resided until his death. He was employed with Ford Motor Company.
Survivors include a loving daughter, Sabrina Dickinson, Atlanta, Georgia; a devoted sister, Lula Delores (Lorenza) Hayes, devoted brother, Percy Dickinson, Detroit, Michigan, Melvin Dickinson and Worthy Bowen of Grove Hill; good friend, Gracie Horn, Detroit, Michigan; and two loving aunts, Dorothy (Curtis) Hicks, Mobile, Martis (John Lee) Barnett, Grove Hill; a host of nephews, nieces, relatives and friends.
He was preceded in death by his parents, Ethel and Jimmie Dickinson Sr., brothers, Charles, John, George, Jimmie Jr. and Mary Francis Kufeji.
The service will be Saturday, Nov. 24 at 11 a.m. at Orange Hill Baptist Church of Grove Hill. Viewing will be at 10 a.m. until the 11 a.m. service with Rev. James Barron, pastor and officiating minister. Burial will be in the Orange Hill Baptist Church Cemetery.
Jackson Memorial Funeral Home will direct.


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text: IAB introduces Digital Ad Ops Certification Program Published on September 12, 2013. New York—The Interactive Advertising Bureau has introduced the Digital Ad Ops Certification Program, a new credential for digital publishers, agency executives and other online ad operations professionals. The program tests ad professionals' expertise in seven areas, including executing a campaign launch, managing live campaigns, managing emerging technologies and managing client and partner relationships. More information about the program is available at iab.net/certification/adops. Most Popular In this article: BtoB


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Volume 18, Number 5
July/August 2001
Other Bumps in the Road
By Kimberly S. Young
Donald is a solo practitioner from Pennsylvania who knew the benefits of the Internet. He relied upon e-mail to contact colleagues and clients and used online databases to conduct legal research. One evening, alone in his office, he accidentally stumbled upon an adult entertainment website and out of curiosity scanned through several of its pages. The next week, stressed after a long workday, he returned to the site for a little relaxation. "Just a few minutes won't hurt," he rationalized as he surfed.
Over the next few months, Donald searched for new pornographic websites as a way to relieve his job pressures. Soon, he found himself going to work early, taking more breaks, staying late, and even coming in on the weekends to surf. His behavior grew more and more out of control, and his life gradually became unmanageable. He cancelled appointments, missed deadlines, lost cases, and ignored his wife and family just to find more time at the computer. Repeated promises to stop failed until he finally admitted that he was addicted.
Welcome to the age of the Internet. The emergence of this new technology has also created a new clinical disorder. Internet addiction affects 5 to 10 percent of all online users, and treatment centers across the country and abroad have already developed specialty rehabilitation programs.
The legal professional has already seen the impact of this disorder with an alarming number of divorce cases, child custody battles, and criminal litigation prompted by Internet addiction. In a recent development, employees fired for Internet abuse have launched disability claims under the Americans with Disabilities Act against former employers for giving them access to the digital drug. The disorder is especially troublesome when lawyers themselves become hooked, only to become impaired professionals. To educate lawyers on the dynamics of the disorder and aid in its prevention within their own practices, this article reviews the warning signs, consequences, and treatment implications involved.Are You Caught in the Net?
How can you tell if you are already hooked? Perhaps you spend a little too much time online. Does that automatically mean you are addicted? No. The volume of time alone is not the best way to diagnose the disorder. We can't say, for instance, that ten hours per week is okay, but that the eleventh hour is a sign of an addiction. Instead, you must evaluate your online usage against the following set of behaviors that characterize the basic warning signs of Internet addiction:
2. Have you repeatedly made unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop Internet use?
3. Do you feel restless, moody, depressed, or irritable when attempting to cut down or stop Internet use?
4. Do you repeatedly stay online longer than originally intended?
5. Have you neglected sleep, proper diet, or exercise just to surf?
6. Have you experienced eyestrain, back strain, or carpal tunnel syndrome because of your Internet use?
7. Have you jeopardized a significant relationship, job, or educational or career opportunity because of the Internet?
8. Have you lied to others to conceal the extent of your involvement with the Internet?
9. Do you use the Internet as a way of escaping from problems or feelings of helplessness, guilt, anxiety, or depression?
Answering "yes" to five or more of the questions suggests that addiction is present. However, given the popularity of the Internet, legitimate business usage may mask the addictive behavior even when a person meets all of the criteria.
Internet addicts are commonly attracted to online pornography or adult sex chat rooms. They may also obsessively check stock quotes, day trade, play computer games, gamble in virtual casinos, chat online with strangers, or search for information not relevant to work. The immediate and often required access to the Internet becomes a constant distraction that can wreak havoc on the addict's professional and personal life.Consequences of the Addiction
So what does this mean for you, a lawyer in a solo or small firm practice? Having such job independence most likely means that you have a private office free from a corporate "big brother," making it that much easier for problems to develop. Since no one monitors your computer usage, counterproductive and maladaptive online behavior is easily concealed. Job productivity suffers as the Internet-addicted lawyer wastes enormous amounts of time and energy at the computer when he or she should be working. The addicted lawyer will gradually withdraw from colleagues and staff, miss deadlines, and even jeopardize cases-all to maximize unproductive use of the Internet.
Not only is work performance hindered, but family problems may also develop. The addictive behavior may extend to home computer use when addicts lie to their spouses about their Internet habit and spend less time with their children. Their habit may even lead to canceling family or social outings and an overall lack of involvement in the community, just to find greater amounts of time for the computer.
Despite these consequences, addicts believe they can handle their obsession. Soon, however, the addict discovers that time slips by and the behavior is not so easily contained. A period of deep regret may follow as the addict realizes that work is piling up and feels guilty for all that time wasted on the computer.
Addicts view their behavior as a personal failure of willpower and promise never to do it again, so a short period of abstinence follows. During this time, the addict temporarily engages in healthy patterns of behavior, works diligently, resumes interests in old hobbies, spends more time with the family, exercises, and gets enough rest. However, cravings eventually develop as temptations to go online emerge during stressful or emotionally charged moments. The addict recalls the self-medicating effects of the Internet and the relaxation and excitement it can provide. Soon, the rationalizations start again, and the immediate availability of the computer easily starts the cycle anew-and the addict feels too helpless to stop and isn't sure where to turn.Getting Unhooked
Do you have to detach the modem or dismantle the computer just to kick the online habit? Complete abstinence is not possible when Internet use is required for work. Therefore, one goal of successful recovery is to moderate legitimate business use of the Internet while abstaining from those aspects of cyberspace that are most troubling. Begin by incorporating a tangible schedule of Internet usage that will give you a sense of being in control, rather than allowing the Internet to take control of you. Learn to set reasonable time limits pertaining to your computer use. For example, instead of a current 20 hours per week, set a new limit of only ten hours per week and schedule those hours in specific time slots. Keep your Internet usage on a routine schedule to help maintain discipline and avoid future relapse. Other ways to keep your Internet use under control include:
- Utilize external aids such as an alarm clock or an egg timer to remind yourself when it's time to log offline.
- Use another person's Internet account to increase accountability of online actions.
- Find new places to use the Internet that are more public and visible.
- Apply filtering software that blocks access to problematic websites.
- Cultivate new activities or interests that take you away from the computer.
Just cutting back on Internet usage is only part of the solution. Internet addiction often stems from underlying psychological or situational factors that increase the risk for the disorder to develop. For example, addicts often use the Internet to escape from stress, depression, anxiety, job burnout, work pressures, or marital discord. By seeking help, the addict fears family members and colleagues will discover the secret online habit, which may cause further problems in an already troubled marriage or fragile work situation.
Successful recovery means finding healthier ways of coping with these issues, which may include individual therapy, couples counseling, or support group participation. Although therapists and clinics that specialize in Internet addiction recovery are often difficult to locate given the relative newness of the disorder, any qualified mental health provider should be able to help you recover from your addiction.
Dr. Kimberly Young is a clinical psychologist and director of the Center for On-Line Addiction, the first training institute and treatment clinic to specialize in cyber-disorders (www.netaddiction.com). Using e-mail, chat, and telephone therapy, the virtual clinic provides clients with immediate access to a healthcare specialist knowledgeable in this evolving field while protecting their privacy. She is the author of the first recovery book for Internet addiction, Caught in the Net. She can be reached at email@example.com.
The author of this article has granted permission for reproduction of the text of this article for classroom use in an institution of higher learning and for use by not-for-profit organizations, provided that such use is for informational, non-commercial purposes only and any reproduction of the article or portion thereof acknowledges original publication in this issue of GPSolo, citing volume, issue, and date, and includes the title of the article, the name of the author, and the legend "Reprinted by permission of the American Bar Association."


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MOORE, Okla. (AP) — Having lived most of her life in this Oklahoma City suburb, Barbara Bryen never feared twisters. They were just part of life in a particularly deadly stretch of Tornado Alley.
She always thought the closet just inside her front door was good enough for shelter, and on Monday it was again. But after an EF5 twister barreled through town, killing 24 people, Bryen and others in this disaster-prone community say they would never build a house without a storm cellar.
Monday's twister "changed my thinking," she said, looking at her house, which lost its roof. "I never want to live through that again. That was just terrible, terrible. Hearing the crashing and the banging and the wind and everything."
Oklahoma natives know tornadoes. They've been carried into storm cellars as children and huddled in closets with their own kids. But this week's storm stands out, even in a town where violent weather is common. Living through a monster twister that dismantles your house — smelling the cracking lumber as the roof is ripped off, feeling the whoosh of air that indicates you're now exposed — highlights an old danger in a new way.
Moore has been through this before. Four tornadoes have hit the town since 1998, including one in 1999 that everyone just calls the "May 3 tornado," which had 300 mph winds and killed more than 40 people.
Locals point proudly to how Moore rebounded from that storm, and two more, before this week's twister obliterated entire city blocks and caused damage that's expected to top $2 billion.
City officials say the 1999 tornado led more people to install storm shelters in their homes. More than 3,000 shelters are now registered with the city.
"We have a ton of people now. It's just like buying a refrigerator or a stove for your house. You put in a storm shelter," said Elizabeth Jones, the city's community development director.
Moore has been one of the fastest-growing suburbs of Oklahoma City, attracting middle-income families and young couples looking for stable schools and affordable housing.
The town's population grew by 35 percent between 2000 and 2010, to about 51,000, as developers built subdivisions for people who wanted to avoid the urban problems and schools of Oklahoma City but couldn't afford pricier college-town Norman next door.
Though sprawling, Moore has retained a semi-rural flavor. Pickup trucks are parked in many driveways, and many neighborhoods are surrounded by open land and horse pastures. Residents commute to jobs in Oklahoma City or to Tinker Air Force Base, which is about a 20-minute drive away.
Moore's unenviable position in Tornado Alley has prompted changes to the way residents protect themselves and fortify their properties.
Some builders use tornado straps or other devices that give added strength to the connections between roof and frame or frame and foundation. But storm shelters remain the best protection. Increasingly, they're cut right into the floor of garages with heavy sliding steel doors.
In the minds of some homeowners, a shelter is like any other premium feature that costs a few thousand dollars. For others like Bryen, it's a significant investment. She said she and her husband both live on disability payments.
Because many families can't afford shelters and many elected leaders have a philosophy of low regulation, there isn't talk of mandating them.
"We enforce minimum codes, and then it's up to the residents to determine what level of comfort they have with other safety options that may be available to them," Jones said.
Sarah Torrey said she and her husband had talked about saving for a storm cellar, but never followed through. On Monday, she rolled herself and her dog inside a mattress topper and laid down in the hallway of her house.
"I can't tell you how many tornadoes we've had since we lived in this house," Torrey said. "I mean maybe that's the downside of being an Okie. You stand on your front porch and watch it is the joke."
She said she would "absolutely never" again own a house without a storm shelter.
"Wouldn't even dream of it," she said Tuesday as her family helped salvage items from the remnants of her house. "Like we had talked about it here and there ... but then you just don't. You find other things, 'We'll do it later. We'll do it later.' Here's later."
Across town in another neighborhood trashed by the storm, Damon Mabry marveled at a sheet of plywood sunk perpendicularly deep into his front yard. The former prison guard, and veteran of inmate riots, confided that he had cried like a child until he and his wife found their little dog cowering in a closet.
Mabry lives in a neighborhood built shortly after the 1999 tornado. He counts four storm shelters at homes on his block, more than some older Moore neighborhoods.
There's one cut through the deck on the back of his house. Beneath a sliding red door is a deep, dark hole where a family of four could safely spend a few terrifying minutes. He said his wife, who was home alone when the storm hit Monday, had refused to use the shelter because a frog lives inside. She took her chances and fled elsewhere.
Looking inside, he said, "it's a coffin vault."
For Mabry, Moore's recent run of bad luck may just be too much.
"I don't know if we'll rebuild in Moore," he said. "I'll be honest with you."


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Steve Wholer applauds Tony Inman's business approach
If you are looking for a coach, mentor or consultant to help you strategise the way you want your life to be and to build your business or develop your career to achieve that vision, then Tony Inman is the man to call.
With over 34 years management experience in numerous companies in Europe and Australia, including many of his own businesses, Tony has coached thousands of staff and hundreds of business owners and executives to set new goals, overcome obstacles or limiting beliefs and create and achieve new dreams.
Today Tony is a published author and presenter on the topics of personal and business growth. He is an incorrigible entrepreneur as well as a business and lifestyle coach, consultant and mentor.
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