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Mar 04, 2012
ATLANTA - The Georgia Southwestern men's tennis team fell to Division I Georgia State University, 7-0, on Sunday evening at the Sharon Lestern Tennis Center at Piedmont Park.
GSW's record drops to 3-5 overall, while Georgia State won its seventh-straight match and improves to 11-2.
The Hurricanes fell behind 1-0 after doubles action (the team that wins at least two-of-three doubles matches earns the one point credited in the team tally in Division I tennis) and were swept in singles play by the Panthers.
Southwestern's Jake Koonce played the closest singles match at No. 5, losing to Michael Vallejo 6-3, 6-3.
The Hurricanes resume Peach Belt Conference play on Tuesday with a 1 p.m. match at No. 3 Armstrong Atlantic.
|Singles competition
|1. Matias Hatem (GSU) def. Stephen Moore (GSW-M) 6-1, 6-0
|2. Thomas Cook (GSU) def. Yvan Ruelle (GSW-M) 6-0, 6-1
|3. Sofiane Chevallier (GSU) def. Joseph Bjerregaard (GSW-M) 6-0, 6-0
|4. Ismael Lahlou (GSU) def. Ryan Bartz (GSW-M) 6-0, 6-0
|5. Michael Vallejo (GSU) def. Jake Koonce (GSW-M) 6-3, 6-3
|6. Jose Ortiz (GSU) def. Chris Eastwood (GSW-M) 6-0, 6-0
|Doubles competition
|1. Victor Valente/Juan Pablo Gutierrez (GSU) def. Valentin Demande/Yvan Ruelle (GSW-M) 8-3
|2. Matias Hatem/Thomas Cook (GSU) def. Joseph Bjerregaard/Ryan Bartz (GSW-M) 8-0
|3. Sofiane Chevallier/Ismael Lahlou (GSU) def. Jake Koonce/Chris Eastwood (GSW-M) 8-3


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CHICAGO (AP) — Illinois Gov. Pat Quinn is calling for the resignation of the head of a commission investigating allegations of police torture in Chicago, saying the panel failed to tell victims' relatives that it was looking at their cases.
Quinn sent a letter to Cook County State's Attorney Anita Alvarez, who has complained about the Illinois Torture Inquiry and Relief Commission. The commission was set up four years ago after allegations that former Chicago police Lt. Jon Burge and several subordinates tortured suspects, nearly all of them black.
The commission is tasked with vetting cases of dozens of prisoners to determine if it's possible their convictions stemmed from confessions under torture. If so, they may be entitled to have their cases reopened.
Quinn wrote in his letter that it is "critical to hear from the families of murdered victims." He cited Thomas for "serious failure to undertake adequate due diligence." Commission Chairman Cheryl Starks also asked Thomas to step down.
WLS-TV first reported the letter.
Quinn does not appoint the commission's chief, but he said director David Thomas needs to step down. If not, he said the commission should fire him. Quinn said he's prepared to recommend candidates to replace Thomas.
Thomas did not immediately respond to a call to his office Thursday.
Quinn's office received complaints from a family of a couple killed in their Chicago home in 1983. The family said it learned through the media that the commission was investigating whether police tortured the man convicted for the crime.
That case is one of three that the commission referred to the Cook County Circuit Court that the panel has since asked be temporarily removed from the court's consideration to allow further investigation on whether victims' families were fairly treated.

subset: commoncrawl


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Along with the flu shot, the DTap vaccine, which immunizes against diptheria, tetanus, and pertussis, (also known as whooping cough), is now the second vaccine that should be routinely given to all pregnant women, according to the Advisory Committee for Immunization Practices. If the mother-to-be cannot be vaccinated during pregnancy, she should receive the shot right after giving birth.
Plus: Parenting's Guide to Vaccines
The reason for the new rec? A vaccinated mother can pass down antibodies to her fetus, so the baby has some protection until it can receive the first DTap immunization at around 2 months old, finishing up the series around 6 months. For babies (along with the elderly and those with compromised immune systems), whooping cough can be deadly, an especially scary prospect given pertussis outbreaks around the country.
Plus: Whooping Cough Vaccines Wanes Over Time
The committee recommends that the vaccine be administered between 27 and 36 weeks, although it is safe any time during pregnancy, even if the woman has gotten the DTap before. The previous recommendation was that only pregnant women who hadn't already been immunized should get the vaccine, but doctors now know protection wears off over time. The committee also recommends that it be repeated for each pregnancy.
Has your OB/GYN talked to you about the vaccine? Leave a comment.


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Randell Research Center at Pineland
Visit the Randell Research Center web siteIn 1996, building on over twelve years of archaeological, ecological, and historical research and education in Southwest Florida, the Florida Museum of Natural History and the University of Florida established the Randell Research Center (RRC) at Pineland as a permanent research and education facility. The RRC was made possible by a generous donation by Donald and Patricia Randell of over 50 acres of the internationally significant Pineland archaeological site, once a major town of the native Calusa Indians. The Pineland site is listed in the National Register of Historic Places and is a designated Lee County historical resource.
The mission of the RRC is to learn and teach the archaeology, history, and ecology of Southwest Florida. Public response has been enthusiastic and supportive, and the RRC's Calusa Heritage Trail (described below) is annually voted Best Tourist Attraction by readers of the Pine Island Eagle newspaper. Over 8,000 school children, citizens, and tourists visit the Trail annually. The site is also a designated stop on Lee County's Great Calusa Blueway, a marked canoe and kayak trail. A picnic area is available, as are handicap-accessible public restrooms, a teaching pavilion, and a book and gift shop.
The Pineland site is located on the northwestern shore of Pine Island at 13810 Waterfront Drive, Pineland, across the street from the Tarpon Lodge and Restaurant (GPS address: 13810 Waterfront Drive, Bokeelia, Florida 33922). The RRC's offices are located in the historic Ruby Gill House at 7450 Pineland Road, next door to the Pineland post office.
Archaeological | Historical significance
Pineland was a Calusa Indian town for over 1,500 years. Enormous shell mounds still overlook Pine Island Sound. Remains of many centuries of Indian village life blanket the old pastures and groves. Remnants of an ancient Calusa canal that reached 2.5 miles across Pine Island sweep through the complex. Sand burial mounds still stand in the woods. Historic structures of Florida's early pioneer period still exist. Native plants and animals characteristic of coastal hammocks, pinelands, wetlands, and shell mounds are abundant.
The Calusa Heritage Trail
Portions of the Pineland site are accessible to the public on the Calusa Heritage Trail, a 3,700-foot interpretive walking path that winds among and over the mounds, wetlands, and canal. The Trail includes museum-quality signs and wayside benches, as well as stairways to the top of both primary shell mounds, observation platforms atop the tallest mound, and a bridge and boardwalk over low-lying areas. Most of the trail is paved with reduced concrete, although portions are mulched. At the trailhead, a parking area accommodating 32 cars and two buses, and including two additional handicap parking spaces, provides access to an inclined walkway leading to an activity pavilion, wheelchair-accessible public restrooms, and a classroom and gift shop. The classroom and shop opened in January 2007. Since its inauguration in December 2004, the Calusa Heritage Trail has hosted more than 80,000 visitors, including families, school children, and tour groups.


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Atlanta, GA (PRWEB) April 14, 2012
MissionIR would like to highlight GlobalWise Investments, Inc. (OTCBB: GWIV). The company, via its wholly owned subsidiary Intellinetics, Inc., is a Columbus, Ohio based Enterprise Content Management (ECM) pioneer with industry-leading software that delivers cloud ECM based solutions on-demand. Their flagship platform, IntellivueTM, represents a new industry benchmark and game-changing solution by enabling clients to access and manage the content of every scanned document, file, spreadsheet, email, photo, audio file, or video tape virtually anything that can be digitized in their enterprise from any PC, laptop, tablet or smartphone from anywhere in the world.
Yesterday, Seeking Alpha published the following article featuring GlobalWise Investments:
The article, titled "A Cloudy Forecast," discusses the growth of cloud computing. This year it is estimated that fully 80% of new commercial computer enterprise applications will have a cloud-based offering. Whether this turns out to be true, when it comes to the future of information processing, virtually every forecast sees clouds on the horizon in leading roles. It's a market seen as too disruptive to ignore, expected to top $ 200 billion in revenues before 2020. It threatens the status quo, much as did the rise of the Internet itself. (Microsoft was late in embracing the Internet. Don't look for it to be as slow when it comes to clouds.)
Cloud computing is simply a way to deliver software and applications over the Internet and manage data stored remotely. For the customers of cloud providers, it eliminates the need for your PC to be connected to a server. The information accessed by users is found in the "cloud," data and software stored in remote servers. Space on these servers is usually leased from the cloud provider. Software can be modified company-wide much more quickly, lowering upgrade costs and downtime. It also permits employees to work remotely from any place they can establish an Internet connection. Furthermore, the expense of maintaining the cloud is passed on to the cloud provider.
The key revenue drivers in this industry are licensing revenue (income from leasing software and applications to end-users), leasing revenue (income from leasing data-storage space), consulting revenue, and sales income from the sale of specific software and applications to the end users. Any company that uses computers could potentially benefit from cloud computing. The distribution channel is the same for all providers: the Internet. Companies in this sector can literally compete on a global basis because all the customer needs is a reliable Internet connection.
Consolidation is anticipated among providers, so underlying it all, of course, is the question of who will gobble up whom. IBM, SAP, and Oracle have all sought to acquire cloud and SaaS technology companies, a quick way to establish a cloud presence. In the meantime, Amazon, Google, and Apple have already planted their flags.
A brief sampling of the investment opportunities in cloud computing can be found by looking at the following 3 companies, one new-comer, and 2 old-hands:
GlobalWise Investments, via its wholly-owned subsidiary, Intellinetics, is an example of a company that offers investors a chance to experience significant growth. GWIV has developed a platform that defines a new industry benchmark and game-changing approach by combining advanced virtualization and automated content management with an open and service-oriented architecture using web services. Trading at $ 1.55 a share, the company has a market cap of $ 50.51M. Because GlobalWise only recently became a publicly traded company, available historical financial data is limited. However, revenues increased 26.7% YOY for 2010 to 2011. Gross profit increased 26% in the same period. The company has multiple growth initiatives in place to accelerate the pace of future expansion.
Broadvision offers a cloud-based "network of networks" enterprise social platform, for the virtual, mobile, social enterprise. Basically, it's designed to help businesses connect with employees, customers, and partners, and it's fully cloud-based. Trading at $ 25.29 a share, the company has a market cap of $ 116.11M. Although recently falling on hard times — last year, revenues declined by approximately 19.8% compared to the numbers reported for 2010 — the company is well established in the industry and could be poised for a turnaround.
More risk-adverse investors wanting a piece of the cloud action should look at Salesforce.com. Salesforce.com, an enterprise cloud computing company, provides a social enterprise cloud platform and apps to help employees collaborate easily and connect with customers. Trading at $ 154.67 a share, the company has a market cap of $ 21.11B. Revenues for 2011 were 37.1% greater than the value reported for the prior year. According to MSN Money, over the last five years revenues have grown by an average of 35.45% per year.
Investors wanting growth or diversification should take a close look at the clouds. In so doing, they will get a forecast of the future of large-scale computing and the companies that will provide out-sourced IT services, an area that shows potential signs of significant growth.
About MissionIR
MissionIR is committed to connecting the investment community with companies that have great potential and a strong dedication to building shareholder value. We know our reputation is based on the integrity of our clients and go to great lengths to ensure the companies represented adhere to sound business practices.
To sign up for The MissionIR Report, please visit http://MissionIR.com
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Please read FULL disclaimer on the MissionIR website: http://Disclaimer.MissionIR.com
Forward-Looking Statement:
This release may contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All forward-looking statements are inherently uncertain as they are based on current expectations and assumptions concerning future events or future performance of the company. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which are only predictions and speak only as of the date hereof. Risks and uncertainties applicable to the company and its business could cause the company's actual results to differ materially from those indicated in any forward-looking statements.


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WESTCHESTER COUNTY, N.Y. -- Efforts to find missing Somers resident Gary McKeon continue following his disappearance on Friday.
Efforts to find McKeon -- who has dementia and Parkinson's disease, according to an alert -- are being shared in a Facebook group called Missing Man from Somers NY , which has involvement from members of his family. In a post on Monday, May 12, Sara McKeon Almeida gave a recap of what she has done. This includes a canvassing of an area where he grew up, specifically Cabrini Boulevard in Washington Heights; personally checking New York City hospitals; talking with commuters at the Goldens Bridge train station; handing out fliers; and the use of police and dogs to search the property and nearby vicinity.
"We appreciate everything that is being done by you all. Every little bit helps." She then urged people to share the Facebook page.
Click here to sign up for Daily Voice's free daily emails and news alerts.


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Give to Purdue Food Science
Through the Department's successful Alliances campaign, the Department realized just how important our Alumni and Friends are. As public funds have declined over the years, it's the private support that has launched our Department into the forefront of food science departments. Your continued support is vital to help us reach our vision. Join a winner and support Purdue Food Science!
You may be able to increase your gift's impact! Many companies match their employee's gifts to educational institutions. Companies vary to the ratio that they match but some will match 4:1 meaning, for every dollar you gift to Purdue Food Science, your employer might match it with four dollars. Use the Matching Gift website or check with your employer about maximize the impact of your gift through matched giving.
There are a number of ways to make a gift in support of the Department of Food Science. Purdue University can accept donations and pledge payments online, by mail, or by phone. When using the online form with a credit card, please select the designation area "College of Agriculture and select the fund "Department of Food Science."
If you are interested in donating to us by mail please use the following mailing address:
Business Office745 Agriculture Mall DriveW. Lafayette, IN 47907
Contact Food Science External Relations Coordinator for more information about giving to Purdue Food Science.
Gifts to Purdue University are deductible as charitable contributions within the limits of the Internal Revenue Code. Indiana taxpayers are also eligible for a tax credit for gifts to Purdue, directly increasing the amount of your refund or decreasing the amount due. Be sure to use Indiana Schedule CC-40 with your state tax return.
Department of Food Science, 745 Agriculture Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, (765) 494-8256
© | An equal access/equal opportunity university | Integrity Statement | Copyright Complaints | Maintained by Agricultural Communication
Trouble with this page? Disability-related accessibility issue? Please contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com so we can help.


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The BGA Council has decided to produce this update once a month for double digit kyu (DDK) players. If you are a DDK player, let us know what you like to hear about. And if you have any ideas about the sort of Go tournaments or events which are best for DDK players or which you would like to see in the future, please let us know. If you are a tournament organiser and you are keen to have DDK players taking part in your tournament, please let us know about that too.
Some tournaments have a particularly good record of attracting DDK players so you know that they are a likely place where you can find many other players around your grade. One of these is the Durham tournament, which takes place this year on Sat 16 June. Last year there were 11 DDK players at this event, ranging from 10k to 19k.
In recent tournament results, Daniel Peace 12k from Oxford won all his games at the Bracknell tournament. And earlier there were five DDK players scoring 4/6 at the British Open in Durham – Brian Timmins, Pat Ridley, Jonathan Teddy McManus, Huw Mort and Kathleen Timmins
The BGA Council has decided that this year there will be two Grand Prix style competitions for DDK players. One will be for players graded 10-19 kyu and the other for players from 20 kyu downwards. To be included you need to play at least your first tournament in the year in that grade range. There will be prizes of vouchers for the Guo Juan internet go school.
The scores will work in the same way as the Youth Grand Prix scores. Players score 40 points for taking part in a tournament even if they win no games, and 100 points if they win all their games. In between that the score is proportional to the number of games won. So if for example you win 4 games at a 6 round tournament then you will score 80 points. You must play in at least half the rounds to score for that event. You can score points at UK tournaments. Most over the board tournaments are included, including novice, junior, small board and pair go events. Online competitions, team and lightning events are not included. The latest scores are below.
Here are the top scores in each section after the Scottish Open and Bracknell:
[1] http://www.britgo.org/taxonomy/term/21


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How to Get Rid of a Virus (Even When Your Computer Won't Boot)
So you've contracted a virus that's taken over your computer, and you can't even boot up to try and troubleshoot the problem. The solution: Create a rescue CD, boot into a safe environment, and rid your PC of any nefarious software while it sleeps. Here's how to do it with minimal effort.


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Skrivanci na niti
Item #: CB68290
All Products
(3 Total)
View by Size:
Getting , please wait.
|Set in the late 1940s, the film concerns the treatment of suspect "bourgeois elements", a professor, a saxophonist, and a milkman, who are put to work in a junkyard for rehabilitation.
|Directed by:
|Rudolf Hrus?nsk?, Vlastimil Brodsk?, V?clav Neck?r, Jitka Zelenohorsk?, Jaroslav Satoransk?, Vladim?r Smeral, Ferdinand Kruta, Frantisek Reh?k, Leos Suchar?pa, Vladim?r Pt?cek, Eugen Jegorov, Nada Urb?nkov?, Vera Kresadlov?, Vera Ferbasov?, Jirina Stepnickov?


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The Syria Files,
Files released: 1432389
The Syria Files
Thursday 5 July 2012, WikiLeaks began publishing the Syria Files – more than two million emails from Syrian political figures, ministries and associated companies, dating from August 2006 to March 2012. This extraordinary data set derives from 680 Syria-related entities or domain names, including those of the Ministries of Presidential Affairs, Foreign Affairs, Finance, Information, Transport and Culture. At this time Syria is undergoing a violent internal conflict that has killed between 6,000 and 15,000 people in the last 18 months. The Syria Files shine a light on the inner workings of the Syrian government and economy, but they also reveal how the West and Western companies say one thing and do another.
Fwd: Invitation to the UFI Open Seminar in Europe
|2007-03-19 07:09:18
----- Forwarded message from email@example.com ----- Date: Tue, 13 mar 2007 17:40:53 +0100 From: UFI Office
ufi.org> Reply-To: email@example.com Subject: Invitation to the UFI Open Seminar in Europe To: firstname.lastname@example.com ----- End forwarded message -----
If you do not wish to receive more information from UFI, please click here : unsubscribe


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eAngler.com is under construction and will reopen soon.
Home > Melton Replacement Trolling Lure Skirt 12.5" Color 34
|Pin It
|We offer our exclusive lure skirting services. Send us your old, tired lures to be re-skirted and made like new! Replacement skirts available in 6.5", 7.75", 9.5", 12.5", and 14" lengths. Call for more info (800) 372-3474. *Click on the magnifying glass icon for skirt options.
Exclusive Online Only products are products with a catalog number beginning with the letters MP or EP. Example: MP0021. We are committed to shipping your order as quickly as possible. In the event that you wish to cancel this order, the cancellation must take place within 2 hours from the time the order was placed. We are unable to cancel your order after this time period because your order is already in the fulfillment process. Online Only products require a Return Merchandise Authorization (RMA) from eAngler.com customer service department. Click Here for Complete Return and Exchange Policies for Exclusive Online Products


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- Home
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Sunday September 23, 2018; 05:18 am EDT
To stop emerald ash borers, you've got to think like a bug
To stop a thief, you've got to think like a thief. To stop a bug, you've got to get more basic.
That's what Maryland Department of Agriculture has learned in its 10-year effort to stop the inexorable march of the emerald ash borer.
In the early years of the 21st century, Agrilus planipennis escaped from China, likely stowed away in a pallet in the hull of a cargo ship bound for the Great Lakes. Since then, the insect has gnawed its way through America's heartland.
In 2003, it appeared in Maryland, its telltale D-shaped burrow hole detected by a sharp-eyed Maryland plant inspector in ash trees on the back lot of a nursery in Brandywine. One hundred-twenty-one ash trees had been shipped from Michigan, ground zero of the invasion.
Forestry managers scrambled, drawing a circle of containment and felling every ash tree — 11,000 in all — within its circumference.
All of Prince George's County went under ash quarantine. Sentinel trees were planted and inspected. Public information campaigns begged campers to buy firewood at their destination lest they unwittingly aided the invasion.
Still, the circle of containment spread. And spread.
Last year, State Agriculture Secretary Buddy Hance quarantined all 14 counties west of the Chesapeake Bay and Susquehanna River, making it illegal for Marylanders to move firewood to the Eastern Shore, which so far has escaped invasion.
At the same time, Maryland forces extended their attack from tree to bug. The weapon: oobius parasitoid. Last year, the tiny stingless wasps were released into infested areas. Alas, the adult predators did not travel well.
So this year, Maryland defenders have bored deeper into bug-think. This week — designated by Gov. Martin O'Malley as Emerald Ash Borer Awareness Week — the first of 16,000 biocontrol agents will be released as larvae inside emerald ash borer eggs laid on ash wood twigs.
The twigs will be covered in Solo cups to protect them from predators. When they hatch, or so the plan goes, the wasps will take off into infested areas and lay their eggs in the eggs of the ash borer, destroying the borers before birth. We're the eighth state to counter-attack with wasps.
The campaign begins in Anne Arundel Charles, Howard and Prince George's counties. Next month it extends to Washington and Allegany counties.
It's a strategy we should keep in our prayers. The emerald ash borer has, so far, extended its American range to 15 states.
Follow the campaign at www.stopthebeetle.info/signs-symptoms.


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The Book Report Network
Sign up for our newsletters!
Jul 20, 2004
July 2004
In this interview bestselling suspense/thriller author Jeffery Deaver discusses his motivation for writing GARDEN OF BEASTS, his first historical novel, and explains the incredible amount of research necessary to accurately portray 1936 Berlin. He also provides brief descriptions of the novel's main characters, talks about the connection between this book and his Lincoln Rhyme series, and shares with readers his future writing plans.
Jul 16, 2004
July 16, 2004
Bookreporter.com's Suspense/Thriller Author Spotlight Team (Carol Fitzgerald, Joe Hartlaub and Wiley Saichek) recently spoke with Pam and Mary Perri, who write under the pen name, Perri O'Shaughnessy. Pam and Mary discuss their fascination with Russian history, which inspired them to write UNLUCKY IN LAW, the tenth installment in their Nina Reilly series. They also talk about how they began writing together --- and have continued their collaboration for so many years --- and offer a sneak peak at their upcoming book, which will take Nina Reilly to Germany to unravel the mystery of three missing college students.
Jul 15, 2004
July 15, 2004
Lourdes Orive and Carol Fitzgerald of Bookreporter.com talk with Adriana Trigiani about her inspiration for her latest work, THE QUEEN OF THE BIG TIME, as well as the challenges and rewards of converting her novels into screenplays. Trigiani also discusses her love for cooking and the joy she experiences when speaking with book clubs --- even when members somehow forget she's there!
Jul 8, 2004
July 8, 2004
Joe Hartlaub, Roberta O'Hara and Wiley Saichek of Bookreporter.com interview M.J. Rose, author of the new "Butterfield Institute" series. Rose discusses the first book, THE HALO EFFECT, which is about Dr. Morgan Snow, a therapist who works at a psychiatric therapy center for the treatment of sexual dysfunction. She explains her fascination with human sexuality and why it is a running theme in her novels, and relates how her initial desire to become a therapist led her to the complex, multi-dimensional fiction that she writes today.
Bookreporter.com's Suspense/Thriller Author Spotlight Team (Carol Fitzgerald, Joe Hartlaub and Wiley Saichek) recently spoke with Tami Hoag, author of KILL THE MESSENGER. In this interview Hoag talks about her inspiration for writing a book about bike messengers and the research involved. She also discusses her fascination with sibling relationships and how she experiences this bond --- which she never felt in her own life --- through her characters.
Browse by last name: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
View all by author »
The following are lists of new paperback releases that we think will be of interest to you.
Copyright © 2018 The Book Report, Inc. All Rights Reserved.


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USQ rugby coach looking forward to resuming his role
GREG Convery had a small taste of Darling Downs rugby last season and enjoyed the experience.
His stint as coach of defending Risdon Cup premiers USQ ended earlier than planned but that has only acted as motivation for him to return to some unfinished business in 2013.
Convery has agreed to coach Saints this season in what shapes as a busy year for the well-travelled school sport head and former Sydney grade player.
Convery has also taken up the position this year as The Glennie School's head of sport.
"It will be a bit of a juggle combining the two jobs, but it's a challenge I'm looking forward to," Convery said this week.
"My commitments at Glennie will always come first and USQ are understanding of that.
"Paul Hanna (USQ president) said the club is happy to work in with me, especially on our four big away trips during the year."
Convery began his rugby playing days at St Patrick's Goulburn.
"I began playing junior rep rugby at St Pat's around the same time as blokes like Ben Tune, Joe Roff and Matt Rogers," Convery said.
Convery was a member of the junior Waratah program and also played with the Sydney University club.
He began coaching when injury ended his playing days during his third year at Sydney Uni.
"The last year I played was 1997 but once I stopped playing I more or less went got into coaching straight away," Convery said.
Convery was based and coaching rugby at Warwick's Scots College for 5½ years and Townsville Grammar School before arriving in Toowoomba.
He took over the reins at USQ last season from Gary Briscoe who had left the club because of work commitments.
Convery stood down from the job mid-season for family reasons and Briscoe resumed the role.
USQ went on to make last season's preliminary final where they were beaten by Bears.
"I coached Uni for the first half of last season and when I stepped down it left me feeling that my job was only half done at that time," Convery said.
"That's why I'm keen to be going back to the club this year.
"I'm excited about the year ahead and the pre-season starting on March 5.
"It seemed to take us until about round five last year before the team started hitting its straps and our build up to the competition start on April 6 promises to be a better one this season."


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[Verse 1: 2 Chainz]
Work, work, work, work, stashed up at my girl's spot
Hair weave killer had on Louie's in my mug shot
Yeah, yeah, one shot, two shot, three
Damn I pull up with this mother fucker fish tailing
And I'm raw, fish scale
Bloomingdale and Neiman Marcus
I take the beat and make it a carcass
Shop at Saks Fifth like it's a Target
Closet the size of your apartment
I'm swagged up so don't try me
Bank roll is my ID
When I pulled out she hopping in
Make your main girl my side piece
Listening to that old Jay-Z
One eye open like CBS
So much Promethazine I'm VIP at CVS
Long way from EBT
Every time I spit it's a DVD
And I don't care if she gone, in a long skirt
I'll take her home and do her like homework
[Verse 2: Rick Ross]
Creeping on the campus in my new Camaro
Cover of the Washington Post, Solbiato apparel
Ross and Folarin, couple women
Got them thugs with me, yeah, we about that business
I'm talking Ambition, I could spell it for you
Rev up the Lamborghini, inhale it for you
My pocket's fat, somebody check my blood pressure
Red Bottom's a stack, there goes a double bidder
I can't throw no ones, only tens or better
Since Wale met me he only rode a Benz or better
Double MG, we millionaires
Shawty my bait, she say she never scared
[Hook: TCB (Wale)]
Bait, bait, bait, bait, bait
Who's on my line? Who's on my line?
I'm blowing up, these bitches calling me
Bait, bait, bait, bait, bait
I snatch your girl if you're slipping
She's on my line like I'm fishing I got that
(Work, work, work, work, yeah you know I got that work)
(I'm why baby mommas leave, I'm why baby fathers Kirk)
I'll snatch your girl if you're slipping
Double MG not to mention, we got that
[Verse 3: Trey Songz]
Touching on that ass, tryna get a feel
I just had to ask, tell me if it's real
I ain't tryna diss you, it's really not an issue
If it's fake or if it's real I'mma keep you on my reel, still
Bait baby, wait baby
Why don't you just get a little taste baby
I will never judge, fuck a judge, fuck a case baby
Ooh shawty, you shawty, come and be my new boo shawty
Listen, I'm fishing, you bitch niggas is missing I got that
[Verse 4: Wale]
Yeah you know I got that work, women second, family first
Money never ever hurt 'cuz rapping got a lot of perks
Hold up, wait, these Nikes don't got no date
It ain't gon' be no back and forth
But I do quite well with all the bait
That remix flow, Mocco bread, PG though
165 and I'm not surprised, see my flow yuck! My CD gross!
Black Ghost, white driver, such an Oreo, I'm thinking out loud
In the back seat and it's getting quite loud
Point 'em all out, I can sit 'em all down
Double MG, what about y'all?
These SB's ain't never coming out
God Forgive and We Don't
Keep my circle small you can't get in my crowd
104, that MLK, know I gotta be Landover out the way
And I gotta thank the young boy Alizay
We gon' rep the city of Folarin straight, that bait


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Emma Caldner hates One Direction. Yes, Eleanor Calders...
Not The Real Me
- by katiestyles77
- Rating:
- Published: 19 Apr 2014
- Updated: 4 May 2014
- Status: In Progress
One night Melanie Parks was at a party with her friend and she ran into Harry Styles. Soon enough they became good friends and later Harry told her he had feelings for her. Melanie didn't feel the same way, she felt that way about Louis. Melanie felt bad so she sent her twin sister, Maddie to hang around with Harry. Maddie fell hard for Harry. But what happens if Harry finds out that Maddie isn't who he thinks she is?
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ATLANTA (AP) — A Georgia appeals court on Tuesday overturned the conviction of a former executive for Glock Inc. who was sentenced to seven years in prison for stealing a pistol and conspiring to steal millions of dollars from the gun manufacturer.
The Georgia Court of Appeals reversed Paul Jannuzzo's March 2012 convictions on theft and racketeering charges. The state failed to indict Jannuzzo within the statute of limitations, Presiding Judge Gary Blaylock Andrews wrote in the opinion.
Jannuzzo has long argued that the state failed to prove his guilt beyond a reasonable doubt and that prosecutors waited too long to prosecute him.
"We are certainly heartened and pleased that the Georgia Court of Appeals reviewed the decisions and reversed the conviction," said Jannuzzo's lawyer, John Da Grosa Smith.
Jannuzzo has been in jail since before his conviction, and his lawyers were working Tuesday to get him released, Smith said.
Cobb County District Attorney Vic Reynolds said his office has reviewed the case and has decided not to ask the court to reconsider its decision.
"It's not reparable," he said. "Ethically, we need to do the right thing and we need to do it immediately."
Jannuzzo's case was prosecuted under Reynolds' predecessor, former District Attorney Pat Head.
Prosecutors had said Jannuzzo, who was once Glock's general counsel, worked with former company vice president Peter Manown to steal more than $5 million using fake bank accounts, fabricated loan documents and forged signatures of company founder Gaston Glock.
Manown told Glock a decade ago that he and Jannuzzo took the money. Prosecutors didn't charge either man with wrongdoing until Glock in 2007 turned over the details of its internal investigation to authorities in Cobb County, where the Austrian company's U.S. headquarters is located. Manown soon pleaded guilty to three counts of theft and was sentenced to 10 years. He was the state's star witness at Jannuzzo's trial.
The Court of Appeals opinion notes that the statute of limitations for the felony theft by conversion charge is four years, while the limit for the racketeering charge is five years. The state indicted Jannuzzo in June 2009, meaning it would have to prove that Glock's first knowledge of the alleged crime against it was no earlier than June 2005 for the theft charge and June 2004 for the racketeering charge.
The Court of Appeals found that Glock knew about both alleged offenses by February or March of 2003.


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2008-09 Season Primers: #11 – West CoastPosted by rtmsf on November 1st, 2008
Michael Chin is the RTC correspondent for the West Coast Conference (WCC).
Predicted Order of Finish:
- Gonzaga
- Saint Mary's
- San Diego
- San Francisco
- Santa Clara
- Portland
- Pepperdine
- Loyola Marymount
Sleeper. San Francisco
WYN2K. For the last ten years the WCC national storyline has read "Gonzaga and the seven dwarfs." However, as many have learned, Grumpy and Sleepy are finally growing up. Saint Mary's and San Diego, both of which made the Big Dance last season, return 88% of their scoring and are primed for return trips to March Madness. Saint Mary's is lead by lightning quick Aussie Patrick Mills and All Conference Defensive Player of the Year Diamon Simpson. Down south, the Toreros return forward Gyno Pomare and guard Brandon Johnson, both of whom made the All-Conference team a season ago. Don't be fooled however, Gonzaga still has the bullets to defend their conference crown as they return WCC player of the year Jeremy Pargo and potential lottery pick Austin Daye. Aside from the "three wise men," the remaining teams in the conference are rebuilding. Loyola Marymount, Pepperdine and USF all have new coaches, while Santa Clara's Kerry Keating is only in his second year as the head man of the Broncos. Portland looks to build on a young cast which includes Nik Raivio (brother of former GU All-American Derek) and Luke Sikma (son of Sonic great Jack Sikma).
Predicted Champion. Gonzaga (NCAA #3). The Bulldogs' strength this year will be in its backcourt where they figure to go with three guard sets quite often. This team will go as far as Conference POY Jeremy Pargo will take them. After flirting with the NBA this summer, the Chicago native decided to return for a final year to hone his outside shooting skills. His backcourt mate Steven Gray is the sharpshooter of the bunch. The third guard for the Bulldogs is Matt Bouldin. After a stellar freshman campaign two seasons ago, Bouldin had an up-and-down year as a sophomore. Demetrius Goodson, a super athletic freshman point guard and Micah Downs, a former Kansas Jayhawk capable of playing the 2, 3, and 4 positions add significant depth to the GU backcourt. The frontline, though stellar on offense, lacks proven depth and a real defensive force. Austin Daye, the silky forward from Irvine, can shoot it from anywhere on the court and provides GU with a real mismatch when he plays at the 3 spot. The only true experienced big man on the GU roster is senior Josh Heytvelt. Injuries and personal problems have nagged at his career, however, but if he can bounce back from a constant foot problem and returns to his sophomore form, GU should have a solid post threat to go alongside their outstanding perimeter shooting. The depth for Gonzaga has potential, but right now it is unproven. The best of the bunch is 7-footer Robert Sacre, but last year Few used him in limited action on tips-offs. Another 7-footer, Will Foster, may provide some defensive minutes, but to date has not shown any offensive prowess. Coaches like Ira Brown's toughness, but against a Diamon Simpson or Gyno Pomare, he will have a tough time. Freshman Andrew Poling and Iowa POY Grant Gibbs may end up redshirting this season.
Others Considered.
Saint Mary's (NCAA #10). Although the Patty Mills story is the biggest news around in the picturesque campus of Moraga, CA, the Gaels have more to be excited about than Kobe and Chris Paul describing Patty as "lightning quick." Not only do the Gaels return last year's freshman of the year (Mills) and Defensive POY (Simpson), but also two other starters and almost all of their scoring. However, what could put the Gaels over the top in the WCC is their depth. Unlike other WCC teams, the Gaels are arguably ten deep. The front line returns all three starters (Simpson, Omar Samhan and Ian O'Leary). Of the three Diamon is the most polished. His game can be described in one word – relentless. Already the senior from Hayward, CA, has broken the career blocks record at SMC and is currently in the top ten all-time in rebounds for the Gaels. Samhan, the only true center on the team, has a nice offensive skill set and has steadily improved his defense over the last two seasons. As mentioned, the bench provides the Gaels with a wealth of experience. Returners Yusef Smith and Lucas Walker, as well as 7-foot Indiana transfer Ben Allen provides the Gaels with true backups for Samhan and Simpson. In particular, Ben Allen's shooting ability should allow Coach Randy Bennett to use some of the high post offense that got the Gaels to the Dance in 2003-04. In the backcourt, aside from Mills, the Gaels return redshirt junior Wayne Hunter to the lineup. The 6-2 guard would have been Bennett's best on-ball defender, but because of the logjam last year, Bennett could not find a place for him. Should Hunter's offense regress, expect the Gaels to go Aussie Carlin Hughes. Even if he doesn't start, Hughes will see significant minutes as he is the best returning shooter on the Gaels roster. One guy to keep an eye on is freshman Clint Steindl. Another transport from down under, he may take minutes from O'Leary if the senior swingman's offensive game goes cold. There is talk that Collin Chiverton, fellow teammate of UCLA recruit Drew Gordon, may also see time, but with the depth the Gaels possess, he may end up redshirting.
San Diego (NIT). Seniors Brandon Johnson and Gyno Pomare took the WCC by surprise last season with a strong finish, winning the conference tournament at home, then knocking off UConn in the first round of the NCAAs. The question now is whether their "one shining moment" will catapult the Toreros to the top of the WCC. The good thing for the Toreros is they return their entire team from a year ago. While Pomare and Johnson are the headliners, guards Dejon Jackson and Tremaine Johnson will have to continue their growth in order for their team to reach the Dance. Forwards Chris Lewis and Rob Jones also saw significant action next year and should also to continue to improve. However, in order to have a real shot at the Gaels or Bulldogs, USD will have to get some major contributions from some young players, most notably Brazilian transfer Roberto Manfra and Nathan Lozeau. The two are USD's biggest bodies and must be able to hold their own against the likes of Josh Heytvelt, Omar Samhan, and Diamon Simpson. Another factor for the Toreros is that the tournament moves from the friendly confines of Jenny Craig Pavilion to a neutral site this year. The last two times USD made it to March Madness, they hosted the WCC Tournament. Here's an audience-eye view of the big upset over UConn.
Fighting for Fourth.
- Santa Clara. Center John Bryant, perhaps the best center in the conference, is a load. But aside from him the team is thin and unless junior guard Calvin Johnson and some transfers step up, the Broncos will only be a .500 team at best.
- San Francisco. With the return of all conference forward Dior Lowthorn and former Rutgers guard Manny Quezada, USF has the offensive weapons to upset anyone in the conference. But if new coach Rex Walters wants to play with the big boys he will need to find some other pieces to go along with these two studs.
- Portland. Quietly former Stanford assistant Eric Reveno has built a solid team in Portland. Most of his team returns, including guards Taishi Ito and Nik Raivio and forwards Luke Sikma and Robin Smuelders, but they don't match up well with the likes of Gonzaga, Saint Mary's and San Diego.
Bottom Feeders.
- Pepperdine. After the Vince Walhberg debacle, Pepperdine went to the archives and dug up former coach Tom Ashbury. With a promising but young team, Ashbury will need to teach these guys how to win so they have a chance in years to come.
- Loyola Marymount. Like Pepperdine, Coach Bill Bayno is counting on next year when he brings in Seton Hall transfer Larry Hughes and Oregon Transfer Drew Viney.
All Conference Team.
- Patrick Mills, St. Mary's (POY)
- Jeremy Pargo, Gonzaga
- Austin Daye, Gonzaga
- Diamon Simpson, St. Mary's (DPOY)
- Gyno Pomare, San Diego
Prediction. Until another team proves otherwise, the Gonzaga Bulldogs remain at the top. However GU is not a unbeatable as some think (Sporting News ranks them #4 nationally). The Bulldogs can shoot the lights out with the best of them, but their frontcourt remains a huge question mark. On the other hand, Saint Mary's can bang with anybody, but until someone can prove to be their go-to deep shooter, the Gaels will have a difficult time matching up against upper echelon athletic teams, especially those with great shooting guards. San Diego is the darkhorse, but to this analyst they look like a poor man's Gonzaga. In order for all three to make a return appearance to the NCAAs they will have to perform well in brutal preseason schedules and manage the expectations. This shouldn't be a problem for Gonzaga, as they are used to the pressure which comes from being the top dog, but as for Saint Mary's and San Diego, it will be interesting to see what how they will respond as the hunted.
65 Team Era. The WCC is 20-34 (.370), but let's not kid ourselves, the majority of those wins (12) are from Gonzaga during the last decade (4 others are from the run-n-gun LMU teams in the late 80s/early 90s). Still, in five of the last nine seasons, the WCC has been a multiple-bid league, including the best-ever showing of three bids in 2008. How interesting is it that the lowest seed, #13 San Diego, was the only team to win a game in the Tourney, while higher seeded #7 Gonzaga and #10 St. Mary's were sent packing in their first game. With the collective strength of the top half of this conference this year and potentially into the future, there should be numerous opportunities for the WCC to have multiple teams advancing very soon.


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January 18, 2010: Audacity 1.3.11 released
The Audacity Team is pleased to announce the release of Audacity 1.3.11 (Beta) for Windows, Mac and Linux/Unix. This release fixes a number of bugs reported to us in 1.3.10. Thank you to everyone who sent us feedback.
We dedicate this release to David R.Sky who passed away in October 2009. David did some great work on Audacity plug-ins and his work lives on today in our program. He provided assistance to all who needed help. We shall miss him.
1.3.11 has provisional support for Windows 7 and is also strongly recommended for Windows Vista and Mac OS X 10.6, rather than 1.2 Stable. We ask everyone to help us test 1.3.11 and let us know of any problems you find. Advanced users are encouraged to test our subsequent fixes as we make them by downloading our Nightly Builds. Beta releases are still ongoing at present. Please subscribe to receive news of all our future releases.
- Bug fixes for:
- Too much audio exported when exporting partial selections
- Exports via FFmpeg corrupted if included metadata; M4A now supports metadata export
- Nyquist plug-ins did not add labels to an existing label track
- Crash opening Preferences when no audio devices available
- Timer Record and Sound Activated Recording bugs
- (Windows) Installer now installs correctly over previous Audacity versions
- Miscellaneous crashes and interface issues
- Improvements:
- (Windows) Higher resolution icon file
- New Sound Finder plug-in for labelling regions of audio
See Changes in Audacity 1.3.11 for more on 1.3.11 and the Beta series. Note: This release does not support Windows 98 or ME, for which 1.3.7 is still available.


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The professional spa industry has seen much change over the years, some good and some bad. One good change has been consistent growth in the wellness sector — particularly in clubs. While the term "wellness" can be broad, specific spa treatments are growing in popularity and profitability for fitness facilities, depending on the facility's demographic location, market type and size. That's why some facilities have been reconsidering their spa menus, a process that can increase the overall success of that area of your facility. In fact, some clubs report that the changes made to their spa increased the size of their membership base. That being said, what are some of the more popular offerings?
- Contouring
Let's face it, most of your members are fighting off that last 10 pounds in some area whether it be their inner thighs, gluts, tummies or sagging upper arms. When combined with personal training and nutritional counseling, a variety of spa treatments can provide for further toning, decreased overall size of a targeted area, increased detoxification and metabolic functioning. Some of the most popular contouring therapies include ultrasound, Endermologie, Lypossage and various forms of manipulation of the areas to be toned with intense massage techniques. Often, hydrotherapy, thalassotherapy (using sea water and sea products), walking pools, pressotherapy and body wrapping are also used to create a complete package for the client. A series of services is essentially required to see measurable results as is the prescription of home care to be maintained between professional visits at the spa.
- Anti-aging and esthetics
While facials have always ranked as the second most popular therapy offered at spas, consumers are becoming more specific about the type of esthetic service they prefer. Among the most popular are enzymatic and chemical resurfacing, microdermabrasion, and non-ablative skin rejuvenation to refine pores, reduce age spots and stimulate the underlying layer of elastin and collagen for a more fresh, taut appearance. Multi-layer masquing for deep hydration, nourishing and cleansing are still favorites, but more and more consumers are searching for results-oriented therapies that work.
- Energetic healing
Only a few years ago services such as guided imagery, acupuncture, gem stone therapy and pranic practice were not accepted by the general population, but all of that has changed. In fact, some spas now include chakra balancing in the form of aura reading, gemstone bars and intuitive counseling to help individuals reconnect with their chi or better understand their Jungian archetype. While Canyon Ranch found tarot reading to be unpopular just a few years ago, more and more spas are offering intuitive readings and more neutral counseling like angel card readings and personal coaching to encourage clients to work on their lifestyle goals and chi.
- Massage
Massage is overwhelmingly the number one treatment offered at fitness facilities. Sports massage is clearly one of the favorites on the massage list alongside deep-tissue massage and hot stone massage. A new trend, however, is fusion massage. This allows the practitioner time to evaluate clients before their first massage to assess the specific bodywork that would most compliment their needs. Without a doubt, more in-depth intake encourages regular appointments, purchase of massage visits as a series and most importantly, the client sees results that probably wouldn't occur during a typical one-hour massage.
- Alternative care
One common denominator among spas today is that they are being forced into specialization. For club spas the most popular specialties are holistic combinations such as acupuncture, traditional Chinese medicine, advanced aromatherapy and nutritional programming. Involving the body, mind and spirit is no longer a simple catch phrase; it is an expectation among spa goers and health addicts alike.
No matter how you approach the call to spa in your club, one thing is for certain — this is no longer a venue to ignore or misplace within your facility. Create the opportunity for growth and expansion with your members by establishing a healthy terrain for esthetics, wellness and body therapies. Allow your members to achieve their personal best beyond fitness, and watch that energy pour over into your financial and business game plan.
Melinda Minton is a spa consultant and a certified massage therapist, esthetician and cosmetologist with a MBA in marketing. A past spa owner, she founded The Spa Association, which is dedicated to enriching the industry through self-regulation, education and sound business practices and The Spa Foundation, a non-profit organization. In 2004, she launched Spa Secure, an international licensing program for salons, spas, medical spas and wellness centers.


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An in-depth report on the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of urinary tract infections.
Cystitis; UTI; UTIs
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common type of infection caused by bacteria (most often E coli) that travel up the urethra to the bladder. A bladder infection is called cystitis. If bacterial infection spreads to the kidneys and ureters, the condition is called pyelonephritis. Cystitis is considered a lower urinary tract infection. Pyelonephritis is an upper urinary tract infection and is much more serious.
Risk Factors
Women are more susceptible to UTIs than men, and their infections tend to recur. One reason is that the urethra (the tube that carries urine away from the bladder) is shorter in women than in men. Frequent sexual intercourse also increases a woman's risk of developing UTIs. Contraceptive spermicides and diaphragms are additional risk factors. When women reach menopause, the decrease in estrogen thins the lining of the urinary tract, which increases susceptibility to bacterial infections.
Pregnancy does not increase the risk of getting a UTI, but it can increase the risk of developing a serious infection that could potentially harm the mother and fetus. Pregnant women should report any symptoms of UTIs to their doctors, and should get screened and treated for asymptomatic bacteriuria (presence of significant numbers of bacteria in the urine without symptoms).
Symptoms of UTIs may include:
A urine test can determine if these symptoms are caused by a bacterial infection. Antibiotics are used to treat UTIs. Older people may have a urinary tract infection but have few or no symptoms.
Antibiotics are used to treat UTIs. Most cases of UTIs clear up after a few days of drug treatment, but more severe cases may require several weeks of treatment.
Guidelines recommend using nitrofurantoin or trimethoprin-sulfamethoxazole as first-line antibiotic treatments for UTIs. Fluoroquinolones (such as ciprofloxacin) are now only recommended when other antibiotics are not appropriate.
Cranberries for UTI Prevention
Cranberry juice appears to offer little benefit for preventing recurrent UTIs, according to an review by the Cochrane Collaboration. Other studies have suggested that cranberry products may be helpful by preventing harmful bacteria from attaching and sticking to urinary tract cells.
Male Circumcision and UTIs
Babies rarely get UTIs but when they do, these infections are much more common in boys than in girls. A recent policy statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), and a review of research studies in the Journal of Urology, indicate that boys who are circumcised are far less likely to get UTIs during their first year of life than uncircumcised boys. While noting the many potential health benefits of male circumcision (including reduced risks for acquiring sexually transmitted diseases), the AAP recommends that the decision to circumcise should be left to parents, in consultation with their child's doctor.
A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a condition in which one or more parts of the urinary system (the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra) become infected. UTIs are among the most common of all bacterial infections and can occur at any time of life. Nearly 95% of cases of UTIs are caused by bacteria that typically multiply at the opening of the urethra and travel up to the bladder. Much less often, bacteria spread to the kidney from the bloodstream.
The male and female urinary tracts are similar except for the length of the urethra.
The Urinary System: The urinary system helps maintain proper water and salt balance throughout the body and also expels urine from the body. It is made up of the following organs and structures:
Defense Systems Against Bacteria: Infection does not always occur when bacteria are introduced into the bladder. A number of defense systems protect the urinary tract against infection-causing bacteria:
Types of UTIs: UTIs are generally classified as:
Uncomplicated UTIs are due to a bacterial infection, most often caused by E coli. UTIs affect women much more often than men.
Cystitis: Cystitis, or bladder infection, is the most common UTI. It occurs in the lower urinary tract (the bladder and urethra) and nearly always in women. In most cases, the infection is brief and acute and only the surface of the bladder is infected. Deeper layers of the bladder may be harmed if the infection becomes persistent, or chronic, or if the urinary tract is structurally abnormal.
Pyelonephritis (Kidney Infection): Sometimes the infection spreads to the upper urinary tract (the ureters and kidneys). This is called pyelonephritis, or more commonly, a kidney infection.
Complicated infections, which occur in men and women of any age, are also caused by bacteria but they tend to be more severe, more difficult to treat, and more likely to recur. They are often the result of:
Recurrences can occur in people with complicated UTI if the underlying structural or anatomical abnormalities are not corrected.
Most women who have had an uncomplicated UTI have occasional recurrences. Many of these women get another infection within a year of the previous one. A much smaller number of women have ongoing, recurrent urinary tract infections, which follow the resolution of a previous treated or untreated episode.
Recurrence is often categorized as either reinfection or relapse:
An asymptomatic UTI (also called asymptomatic bacteriuria) is when a person has no symptoms of infection but has a significant number of bacteria that have colonized the urinary tract. The condition is harmless in most people and rarely persists, although it does increase the risk for developing symptomatic UTIs.
Screening and treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is not usually necessary except for the following people:
Bacteria that cause UTIs include:
Recurring infections are often caused by different bacteria than those that caused a previous or first infection.
Changes in the amount or type of acid within the genital and urinary tracts contribute to lowering the resistance to infection. For example, beneficial organisms called lactobacilli increase the acidic environment in the female urinary tract and thereby reduce the risk of infection.
UTIs are far more common among women than among men. Most women will develop a UTI at some time in their lives, and many will have recurrences.
Structure of the Female Urinary Tract: In general, the higher risk in women is mostly due to the shortness of the female urethra, which is 1.5 inches compared to 8 inches in men. Bacteria from fecal matter at the anal opening can be easily transferred to the opening of the urethra.
The female and male urinary tracts are similar except for the length of the urethra.
Sexual Behavior: Frequent or recent sexual activity is the most important risk factor for UTIs in young women. Nearly 80% of all UTIs in premenopausal women occur within 24 hours of intercourse. UTIs are very rare in celibate women. However, UTIs are not sexually transmitted infections.
In general, it is the physical act of intercourse itself that produces conditions that increase susceptibility to the UTI bacteria, with some factors increasing the risk. For example, women having sex for the first time or who have intense or frequent sex are at risk for a condition called "honeymoon cystitis."
Certain types of contraceptives can also increase the risk of UTIs. In particular, women who use diaphragms tend to develop UTIs. The spring-rim of the diaphragm can bruise the area near the bladder, making it susceptible to bacteria. Spermicidal foam or gel used with diaphragms, and spermicidal-coated condoms, also increase susceptibility to UTIs. Most spermicides contain nonoxynol-9, a chemical that is associated with increased UTI risk.
Pregnancy: In pregnant women, the presence of asymptomatic bacteriuria is associated with increased risk of kidney infection, which can cause early labor and other serious pregnancy complications. For this reason, pregnant women should be screened and treated for asymptomatic bacteriuria. Pregnant women are more susceptible to kidney infection because as the uterus enlarges it compresses the ureters and bladder. This causes urine to back up into the kidney, increasing the risk of bacterial infection.
Menopause: The risk for UTIs, both symptomatic and asymptomatic, is highest in women after menopause. This is primarily due to decrease in estrogen, which thins the walls of the urinary tract and reduces its ability to resist bacteria. Estrogen loss can also reduce certain immune factors in the vagina that help block E coli from attaching to vaginal cells. For some women, topical estrogen therapy helps restore healthy bacteria and reduce the risk of recurrent UTIs. (Oral hormone replacement therapy is not helpful for UTIs.)
Other aging-related urinary conditions, such as urinary incontinence, can increase the risk for recurrent urinary tract infections.
Allergies: Women who have skin allergies to ingredients in soaps, vaginal creams, bubble baths, or other chemicals that are used in the genital area are at increased risk for UTIs. In such cases, the allergies may cause small injuries that can introduce bacteria.
Antibiotic Use: Antibiotics often eliminate lactobacilli, the protective bacteria, along with harmful bacteria. This can cause an overgrowth of E coli in the vagina.
Men become more susceptible to UTIs after age 50, when they begin to develop prostate problems. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), enlargement of the prostate gland, can produce obstruction in the urinary tract and increase the risk for infection. In men, recurrent UTIs are also associated with prostatitis, an infection of the prostate gland. Although UTIs are less common in men, they can cause more serious problems in men than in women. Men with UTIs are more likely to require hospitalization than women.
UTIs are rare during infancy but they are much more common in boys than in girls. Boys who are circumcised are far less likely than uncircumcised boys to develop UTIs by the time they are 1 year old. After the age of 2 years, UTIs are more common in girls. As with adults, E coli is the most common cause of UTIs in children.
Vesicoureteral Reflux (VUR): Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is the cause of up to half of the UTIs that occur during childhood. VUR also puts children at risk for UTI recurrence.
VUR is a condition in which the urine backs up into the kidneys. Normally, urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters, and into the bladder. When the bladder becomes filled, the muscle in the bladder wall contracts, and the urine leaves the body through another tube called the urethra. There is a valve-like mechanism at the point where the ureters join the bladder. The job of these valves is to keep urine from flowing backward towards the kidneys when the bladder contracts. If the valves do not work well, urine may remain in the bladder where bacteria can grow. The back flow of urine may also carry any infection from the bladder up into the kidneys.
Most UTIs that develop in hospitalized people are due to urinary catheters. The longer any urinary catheter is in place, the higher the risk for growth of bacteria and an infection. In most cases of catheter-induced UTIs, there are no symptoms. However, due to the risk for wider infection, anyone requiring a catheter should be screened for infection. Catheters should be used only when necessary and should be removed as soon as possible.
All older adults who are immobilized, catheterized, or dehydrated are at increased risk for UTIs. Nursing home residents, particularly those who are incontinent, are at very high risk.
Diabetes: Diabetes (type 1 and type 2) puts women at significantly higher risk for asymptomatic bacteriuria. The longer a woman has diabetes, the higher the risk. Control of blood sugar does not affect the risk for this condition. The risk for UTI complications, and fungal-related UTIs, is also higher in people with diabetes.
Kidney Problems: Nearly any kidney disorder, including kidney stones, increases the risk for complicated UTIs.
Neurogenic Bladder: A number of brain and nerve disorders can affect the nerves of the bladder and cause problems with the ability to empty the bladder and control urine leakage. Multiple sclerosis, stroke, spinal cord injury, and diabetic neuropathy are common examples.
Sickle-Cell Anemia: People with sickle-cell anemia are particularly susceptible to kidney damage from their disease, and UTIs put them at even greater risk.
Immune System Problems: People with immunocompromised systems, such as those who have HIV/AIDS or who are undergoing treatment for cancer, are at increased risk for all types of infections, including UTIs and pyelonephritis.
Urinary Tract Abnormalities: Some people have structural abnormalities of the urinary tract that cause urine to stagnate or flow backward into the upper urinary tract. A prolapsed bladder (cystocele) can result in incomplete urination so that urine collects, creating a breeding ground for bacteria. Tiny pockets called diverticula sometimes develop inside the urethral wall and can collect urine and debris, further increasing the risk for infection.
In most cases, UTIs are annoyances that cause urinary discomfort. However, if left untreated, UTIs can develop into very serious and potentially life-threatening kidney infections (pyelonephritis) that can permanently scar or damage the kidneys. The infection may also spread into the bloodstream (called sepsis) and elsewhere in the body.
UTIs in pregnant women pose serious health risks for both mother and child. UTIs that occur during pregnancy have a higher than average risk of developing into kidney infections. Any pregnant woman who suspects she has a UTI should immediately contact her doctor. Many doctors recommend that women receive periodic urine testing throughout their pregnancies to check for signs of bacterial infection.
In some adults, recurrent UTIs may cause scarring in the kidneys, which over time can lead to renal hypertension and eventual kidney failure. Most of these adults with kidney damage have other predisposing diseases or structural abnormalities. Recurrent UTIs almost never lead to progressive kidney damage in otherwise healthy women.
Scarring and future kidney problems are concerns for children who experience severe or multiple kidney infections.
Symptoms of lower UTIs usually begin suddenly and may include one or more of the following signs:
Symptoms of kidney infections tend to affect the whole body and be more severe than those of cystitis (inflammation of the bladder and ureters). They may include:
UTIs in infants and preschool children tend to be more serious because they are more likely to involve the kidneys. Older children are more likely to have lower UTIs and standard symptoms. Infants and young children should always be checked for UTIs if the following symptoms are present:
The classic lower UTI symptoms of pain, frequency, or urgency and upper tract symptoms of flank pain, chills, and tenderness may be absent or altered in older people with UTIs.
Symptoms of UTIs that may occur in seniors but not in younger adults include mental changes or confusion, nausea or vomiting, abdominal pain, or cough and shortness of breath. A preexisting health condition may further confuse the picture and make diagnosis difficult.
A doctor can confirm if you have a UTI by testing a sample of your urine. For some younger women who are at low risk of complications, the doctor may not order a urine test and may diagnose a UTI based on the description of symptoms.
Urinalysis: A urinalysis is an evaluation of various components of a urine sample. It involves looking at the urine color and clarity, using a special dipstick to do different chemical testing, and possibly inspecting some of the urine underneath a microscope. A urinalysis usually provides enough information for a doctor or nurse to start treatment.
Urine Culture: If necessary, the doctor may order a urine culture, which involves incubating and growing the bacteria contained in the urine. A urine culture can help identify the specific bacteria causing the infection, and determine which type of antibiotics to use for treatment. A urine culture may be ordered if the urinalysis does not show signs of infection but the doctor still suspects a UTI is causing the symptoms. It may also be ordered if the doctor suspects complications from the infection.
Clean-Catch Sample: To obtain an untainted urine sample, doctors usually request a so-called midstream, or clean-catch, urine sample. Here are some tips for providing an accurate sample:
Collection with a Catheter: Some people (small children, elderly people, or hospitalized people) cannot provide a urine sample. In such cases, a catheter may be inserted into the bladder to collect urine. This is the best method for providing a contaminant-free sample, but it carries a risk of introducing or spreading infection.
If the infection does not respond to treatment, the doctor may order other tests to determine what is causing symptoms. Imaging tests such as ultrasound and computed tomography (CT scan) may help identify:
Special Types of X-Rays: Special x-rays can be used to screen for structural abnormalities, urethral narrowing, or incomplete emptying of the bladder:
Cystoscopy: Cystoscopy is used to detect structural abnormalities, interstitial cystitis (painful bladder syndrome), or masses that might not show up on x-rays during an IVP. The person is given a light anesthetic and the bladder is filled with water. The procedure uses a cystoscope, a flexible, tube-like instrument that the urologist inserts through the urethra into the bladder.
Blood Cultures: If the person has fever or other signs of a serious infection, the doctor will order blood cultures to determine if the infection has entered the bloodstream and is threatening other parts of the body.
About half of women with symptoms of a UTI actually have some other condition, such as irritation of the urethra, vaginitis, interstitial cystitis, or sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Some of these problems may also accompany or lead to UTIs.
Vaginitis: Vaginitis is inflammation of the vagina. It is commonly by a yeast infection (candidiasis) or bacterial infection (vaginosis). Occasionally, the infection causes frequent urination, mimicking cystitis. The typical symptoms of vaginitis are itching and an abnormal discharge.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs): Women with painful urination whose urine does not exhibit signs of bacterial growth in culture may have a STD. The most common microorganism is Chlamydia trachomatis. Other STDs that may be responsible include gonorrhea and genital herpes.
Interstitial Cystitis: Interstitial cystitis (IC), also known as painful bladder syndrome, is an inflammation of the bladder wall that occurs almost predominantly in women. Symptoms are very similar to cystitis, but no bacteria are present. Pain during sex is a very common complaint in these patients, and stress may intensify symptoms.
Kidney Stones: The pain of kidney stones along with blood in the urine can resemble the symptoms of pyelonephritis. However, there are no bacteria present with kidney stones.
Thinning Urethral and Vaginal Walls: After menopause, the vaginal and urethral walls become dry and fragile; causing pain and irritation that can mimic a UTI.
Disorders in Children that Mimic UTIs: Problems that might cause painful urination in children include reactions to chemicals in bubble bath, diaper rashes, and infection from the pinworm parasite.
Prostate Conditions in Men: Prostate conditions, including prostatitis (inflammation of the prostate) and BPH, can cause symptoms similar to UTIs.
Antibiotics are the main treatment for UTIs. A variety of antibiotics are available, and choices depend on many factors, including whether the infection is complicated or uncomplicated or primary or recurrent. Treatment decisions are also based on the type of person (man or woman, a pregnant or nonpregnant woman, child, hospitalized or nonhospitalized person, or person with diabetes).
Due to the recent increase of drug-resistant bacteria, a doctor may also select an antibiotic based on the resistance rate in that geographic area.
UTIs can often be successfully treated with antibiotics prescribed over the phone. In such cases, a health professional provides the people with 3-day antibiotic regimens without requiring an office urine test. This course is recommended only for women who have typical symptoms of cystitis, who are at low risk for recurrent infection, and who do not have symptoms (such as vaginitis) suggesting other problems.
Antibiotic Regimen: Oral antibiotic treatment cures nearly all uncomplicated UTIs, although the rate of recurrence remains high. To prescribe the best treatment, the doctor should be made aware of any drug allergies of the person.
The following antibiotics are commonly used for uncomplicated UTIs:
After a week of antibiotic treatment, most people are free of infection. If the symptoms do not clear up within the first few days of therapy, doctors generally suggest that women discontinue their antibiotic and provide a urine sample for culturing in order to identify the specific organism causing the condition.
Treatment for Relapsing Infection: A relapsing infection (caused by treatment failure) occurs within 3 weeks in about 10% of women. Relapse is treated similarly to a first infection, but the antibiotics are usually continued for 7 to 14 days. Relapsing infections may be due to structural abnormalities, abscesses, or other problems that may require surgery. Such conditions should be ruled out.
Women who have 2 or more symptomatic UTIs within a 6-month period, or 3 or more episodes over the course of a year, may need preventive antibiotics. All women should use lifestyle measures to prevent recurrences.
Intermittent Self Treatment: Many, if not most, women with recurrent UTIs can effectively self-treat recurrent UTIs without going to a doctor. In general, this requires the following steps:
A woman should consult a doctor under the following circumstances:
Women who are not good candidates for self-treatment are those with impaired immune systems, previous kidney infections, structural abnormalities of the urinary tract, or a history of infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Postcoital Antibiotics: If recurrent infections are clearly related to sexual activity and episodes recur more than two times within a 6-month period, a single preventive dose taken immediately after intercourse is effective. Antibiotics for such cases include TMP-SMX, nitrofurantoin, cephalexin, or a fluoroquinolone (such as ciprofloxacin). (Fluoroquinolones are not appropriate during pregnancy.)
Continuous Preventive Antibiotics (Prophylaxis): Continuous preventive (prophylactic) antibiotics are an option for some women who do not respond to other measures. With this approach, low-dose antibiotics are taken continuously for 6 months or longer.
People with uncomplicated kidney infections (pyelonephritis) may be treated at home with oral antibiotics. Ciprofloxacin (Cipro, generic) or another fluoroquinolone is typically given but other antibiotics, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), may be used. People with moderate-to-severe acute kidney infection and those with severe symptoms or other complications may need to be hospitalized. In such cases, antibiotics are usually given intravenously for several days. Chronic pyelonephritis may require long-term antibiotic treatment.
Treating Pregnant Women: Pregnant women should be screened for UTIs, since they are at high risk for UTIs and their complications. Antibiotics used for treating pregnant women with UTIs include amoxicillin, ampicillin, nitrofurantoin, and cephalosporins. Fosfomycin (Monurol) is not as effective as other antibiotics but is sometimes prescribed for pregnant women. In general, there is no consensus on which antibiotic is best for pregnant women although some types of antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines, should not be taken as they can cause harm to the fetus.
Pregnant women with asymptomatic bacteriuria (evidence of infection but no symptoms) have an increased risk for acute pyelonephritis in their second or third trimester. They need screening and treatment for this condition. In such cases, they should be treated with a short course of antibiotics (3 to 5 days). For an uncomplicated UTI, pregnant women may need longer-term antibiotics (7 to 10 days).
Treating Children with UTIs: Children with UTIs are generally treated with TMP-SMX, cephalexin (Keflex, generic) and other cephalosporins, or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (Augmentin, generic). These drugs are usually taken by mouth in either liquid or pill form. Doctors sometimes give them as a shot or IV. Children usually respond to treatment within a few days. Prompt treatment with antibiotics may help prevent renal scarring.
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a concern for children with UTIs. (See Risk Factors section in this report.) VUR can lead to kidney infection (pyelonephritis), which can cause kidney damage. The two treatment options for children with VUR are long-term antibiotics to prevent infections or surgery to correct the condition. However, there is debate as to the benefit of these approaches. Current guidelines advise that antibiotics do not really help prevent recurrent UTIs in children, and that VUR itself may not substantially increase the risk for recurrent UTI
Children with acute kidney infection are treated with various antibiotics including oral cefixime (Suprax) or a short course (2 to 4 days) of an intravenous (IV) antibiotic (typically gentamicin, given in one daily dose). An oral antibiotic then follows the IV.
Catheter-induced UTIs are very common, and preventive measures are extremely important. In-dwelling catheters should not be used unless absolutely necessary and they should be removed as soon as possible. Long-term catheter use is associated with increased risk for infections. For men, condom catheters may be an alternative to indwelling catheters.
Daily Hygiene: A typical catheter comes pre-connected and sealed, and uses a drainage bag system. To prevent infection, some of the following tips may be helpful:
Antibiotics for Catheter-Induced Infections: People using catheters who develop UTIs with symptoms should be treated for each episode with antibiotics and the catheter should be removed, if possible, or changed. A major problem in treating catheter-related UTIs is that the organisms involved are constantly changing. Because there are likely to be multiple species of bacteria, doctors generally recommend an antibiotic that is effective against a wide variety of microorganisms.
Although high bacteria counts in the urine (bacteriuria) occur in most catheterized people, administering antibiotics to prevent a UTI is rarely recommended. Many catheterized people do not develop symptomatic UTIs even with high bacteria counts. If bacteriuria occurs without symptoms, antibiotic therapy has little benefit if the catheter is to remain in place for a long period.
Catheterization is accomplished by inserting a catheter (a hollow tube, often with an inflatable balloon tip) into the urinary bladder. This procedure is performed for urinary obstruction, following surgical procedures to the urethra, in unconscious people (due to surgical anesthesia or coma), or for any other problem in which the bladder needs to be kept empty (decompressed) and urinary flow ensured.
Although antibiotics are the first treatment choice for UTIs, antibiotic-resistant strains of E coli, the most common cause of UTIs, are increasing worldwide. As more bacteria have become resistant to the standard UTI treatment TMP-SMX, the antibiotics nitrofurantoin and fosfomycin have become alternative first-line choices for drug therapy.
Below are some of the antibiotic classes used most commonly to treat UTIs.
The typical treatment for an uncomplicated UTI is a 3-day course of the combination drug trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, commonly called TMP-SMX (Bactrim, Septra, and generic). A 1-day course is somewhat less effective but poses a lower risk for side effects. Longer courses (7 to 10 days) work no better than the 3-day course and have a higher rate of side effects.
TMP-SMX should not be used in people who are allergic to sulfa drugs. Allergic reactions can be very serious. Trimethoprim (Proloprim or Trimpex) is sometimes used alone in those allergic to sulfa drugs. TMP-SMX can interfere with the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. High rates of bacterial resistance to TMP-SMX exist in many parts of the United States.
Nitrofurantoin (Furadantin, Macrodantin, Macrobid, and generic) is an antibiotic that is used specifically for UTIs as an alternative to TMP-SMX. It is usually taken twice a day for 5 days. It is not useful for treating kidney infections. Nitrofurantoin frequently causes stomach upset and interacts with many drugs. Other chronic or serious medical conditions may also affect its use. It should not be used in pregnant women within 1 to 2 weeks of delivery, in nursing mothers, or in those with kidney disease.
The antibiotic fosfomycin (Monurol) may be prescribed as a 1-dose treatment for women who are pregnant or for other select people. In general, it is less effective for treating UTIs than TMP-SMX or nitrofurantoin.
Beta-lactam antibiotics share common chemical features and include penicillin, cephalosporins, and some newer drugs.
Penicillin: Until recent years, the standard treatment for a UTI was 10 days of amoxicillin, a penicillin antibiotic, but it is now ineffective against E coli bacteria in many cases. A combination of amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin) is sometimes given for drug-resistant infections.
Cephalosporins: Antibiotics known as cephalosporins are alternatives for infections that do not respond to standard treatments or for special populations. They are often classed as first, second, or third generation. Cephalosporins used for treatment of UTIs include cephalexin (Keflex, generic), cefadroxil (Duricef, generic), cefuroxime (Ceftin, generic), loracarbef (Lorabid), and cefixime (Suprax), among others.
Other Beta-Lactam Drugs: Other beta-lactam antibiotics have been developed. For example, pivmecillinam (a form of mecillinam), is commonly used in Europe for UTIs. It is not available in the United States.
Fluoroquinolones (also simply called quinolones) were formerly used as alternatives to TMP-SMX but they are now recommended for UTIs only when other antibiotics are not appropriate. Fluoroquinolones are effective for treating acute kidney infections (pyelonephritis). Examples of quinolones include ofloxacin (Floxacin, generic), ciprofloxacin (Cipro, generic), and levofloxacin (Levaquin, generic). These drugs can have severe side effects that the person should discuss with the doctor.
Pregnant women should not take fluoroquinolone antibiotics. They also have more adverse effects in children than other antibiotics and should not be the first-line option in most pediatric situations.
Doripenem: Doripenem (Doribax) is a newer carbapenem antibiotic, which is used to treat complicated UTIs. It is given by injection.
Tetracyclines: Tetracyclines include doxycycline, tetracycline, and minocycline. They may be used for UTIs caused by Mycoplasma or Chlamydia. Side effects include skin reactions to sunlight and tooth discoloration. Tetracyclines cannot be taken by children or pregnant women.
Aminoglycosides: Aminoglycosides include gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin. They are given by injection for very serious bacterial infections. They can be given only in combination with other antibiotics. Gentamicin is the most commonly used aminoglycoside for severe UTIs. They can have very serious side effects, including damage to hearing, sense of balance, and kidneys.
Although antibiotics can cure most UTIs, severe symptoms can persist for several days until the drug eliminates the bacteria. Other medications may be used for relieving symptoms until the antibiotics take action.
Phenazopyridine: Phenazopyridine (Pyridium, Uristat, AZO Standard, Urodol, and generic) relieves pain and burning caused by the infection. People should not take this medicine for more than 2 days.
Side effects include headache and upset stomach. The drug turns urine a red or orange color, which can stain fabric and be difficult to remove. Rarely, it can cause serious side effects, including shortness of breath, a bluish skin, a sudden reduction in urine output, shortness of breath, and confusion. In such cases, people should immediately call the doctor.
Antispasm Drugs: Methenamine (Urised, Cystex, and generic) or flavoxate (Urispas, generic) reduce bladder spasms, which may occur with some UTIs. However, these drugs can have severe side effects, which the person should discuss with the doctor.
Although there is no evidence that good hygiene makes a real difference in preventing UTIs, it is always a wise practice. The following are some hygiene tips for women:
Appropriate hygiene and cleanliness of the genital area may help reduce the chances of introducing bacteria through the urethra. Females are especially vulnerable to this, because the urethra is in close proximity to the rectum. The genitals should be cleaned and wiped from front to back to reduce the chance of dragging E coli from the rectal area to the urethra.
Sexual intercourse is one of the most common risk factors for uncomplicated UTIs in women. In addition to abstaining from sex while you have a UTI, the following recommendations may reduce the risks from sexual activity:
Cranberries, blueberries, and lignonberry (European relative of the cranberry), are three fruits that appear to have protective properties against urinary tract infections. These fruits contain compounds called tannins (or proanthocyanadins). Tannins may prevent E coli from adhering to cells in the urinary tract, thereby inhibiting infection.
Cranberry juice is the best-studied home remedy for UTIs. Many studies have indicated that cranberry juice may help decrease the number of symptomatic UTIs, especially for women with recurrent urinary tract infections. However, other studies and reviews suggest that cranberries provide little benefit.
It is not clear what the optimum dosage is for cranberries, or whether it is best to use juice or tablet form although some studies suggest that drinking juice is more effective than taking tablets. Some research recommends drinking at least 1 to 2 cups of cranberry juice daily or taking at least 300 to 400 mg in tablet form twice daily.
Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that may protect against infections in the genital and urinary tracts. The best-known probiotics are the lactobacilli strains, such as Lactobacillus acidophilus, which is found in yogurt and other fermented milk products (kefir), as well as in dietary supplement capsules. The probiotics bifidobacteria and GG lactobacilli may also be helpful. Studies do not conclusively show a benefit for probiotics in preventing UTIs. More research is needed.
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Cai T, Mazzoli S, Mondaini N, Meacci F, Nesi G, D'Elia C, et al. The role of asymptomatic bacteriuria in young women with recurrent urinary tract infections: to treat or not to treat? Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Sep;55(6):771-7. Epub 2012 Jun 7.
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By MEG KINNARD
Associated Press
COLUMBIA, S.C. (AP) - South Carolina lawmakers are scheduled to take another look at early voting.
A Senate subcommittee on Wednesday is to consider several pieces of legislation that would set parameters for how the process would be handled. The proposals set out plans, including how long the early voting period would be and how many voting centers would be open in each county.
South Carolina technically doesn't have true early voting. But it's fairly easy for people to vote absentee, either by mail or at their county election office weeks before polls open, if they give an excuse for why they can't vote on Election Day, like being on vacation or at work.
Republicans have rebuffed Democrats' previous attempts to implement early voting.
Kinnard can be reached at http://twitter.com/MegKinnardAP
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.


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