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Department of Botany
U.S. National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution
Names and Synonymy in the Cladoniaceae
PEET III (2000) Abstracts and Report
Project Personnel
Paula T. DePriest (Principal Investigator, Smithsonian Institution)
Samuel Hammer (Co-Principal Investigator, Boston University)
Rytas Vilgalys (Co-Principal Investigator, Duke University)
Teuvo Ahti
Soili Stenroos
Rebecca Yahr
|A Project of the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Partnerships for Enhancing Expertise in Taxonomy program. The work is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation's PEET Program, an Andrew W. Mellon Fellowship and the Smithsonian Institution Scholarly Studies fund.
- NMNH Home ›
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- Lichen Resources
Lichen Collections and Facilities
Lichen Collection of the U.S. National Herbarium
The lichen collection of the U.S. National Herbarium, Smithsonian Institution, with approximately 250,000 specimens, is the largest lichen collection in North America and one of the ten largest collections in the world. The collection is especially rich in type material with an estimated 2,500 type specimens currently registered. The emphasis of the collection is North American lichens, especially the Parmeliaceae, which was studied by Mason E. Hale, Jr., and the Cladoniaceae, which was studied by Paula DePriest. Most acquisitions over the past 40 years reflect Dr. Hale's personal collections, which numbered over 80,000. Although the majority of his collections are North American, they also include African, Australian, Latin American and Antarctic materials. The collection also includes valuable historical materials from Evans, Arséne, Merrill, Willey, and Dodge, and many modern exsiccati as well. The U.S. National Herbarium has incorporated lichen collections from the USDA National Fungus Collections and the Missouri Botanical Garden.
Research Materials and Libraries
In addition to the specimens, the lichen collection contains associated research materials, including microscope slides, chemical extracts, chemical identification plates, SEM photographs and negatives from Mason E. Hale and frozen lichen tissues, DNA samples, and a small number of living cultures from Paula DePriest. An associated literature collection includes Hale's research notes, collecting notebooks, photographs and kodachrome slides; an extensive modern reprint collection; and a large library of lichen literature. The library includes the Stevenson collection of rare and historic literature, as well as a number of contemporary books. The library is supplemented by the Department of Botany Branch Library, which subscribes to all major lichenological serials and purchases major lichenological works.
Databases and Products of Lichen Research Projects
[Note: The link to these databases will open a new browser window. To return to this page, close the new window.]
Parmeliaceae: Searchable List of Names in the Parmelioid Genera
Names and Synonymy in the Cladoniaceae
Search for Lichens in the online collections search
Bouly de Lesdain's Lichens du Mexique Types Collected by Arsène G. J. Brouard (Frère G. Arsène)
DePriest, P. T. Arsène's Collections at the U.S. National Herbarium
Pertinent to Bouly de Lesdain's Lichens du Mexique. Cryptogamie,
Bryologia-Lichénologia 17: 87-102. 1996.
At least 104 isotypes and isosyntypes of Mexican lichens described by Bouly de Lesdain in Lichens du Mexique are accessioned in the U.S. National Herbarium. These specimens, most obtained in 1918 as a gift from Arsène G. J. Brouard (Frère G. Arsène), are duplicates of type materials destroyed in 1940 with Bouly de Lesdain's private herbarium. Since few of these original materials are extant in other collections, the U.S. National Herbarium's set of isotypes and isosyntypes provides potential lectotypes and neotypes for many names published in Lichens du Mexique.
Checklist of the Lichenized Fungi of the Guianas, by H.J.M. Sipman
Key to the Lichen Genera of the Guianas, by H.J.M. Sipman
Key to the Cladoniaceae of the Guianas, by T. Ahti and H.J.M. Sipman
What is a Lichen?
Lichens are the symbiotic association of a fungus and an alga.
Most lichen-forming fungi are members of the ascomycetes, the fungal group that includes the destructive bread molds, the edible morels, and the commercially-important baking and brewing yeast. A few are members of the basidiomycetes, which also include the typical mushrooms.
The algae may be either members of the chlorophyta, which includes the green algae such as most plankton, or the cyanobacteria, the blue-green algae that often form pond scum. The algae may be either single cells or filaments, chains of cells. Some lichens have more than one type of alga.
What is symbiosis?
Symbiosis, by one definition, is the interaction between two or more species that benefits at least one of them.
For lichens, we think that both the fungus and the alga benefit from the association. As a simple model, lichens are like gardens. The alga is similar to a plant that under optimal conditions produces simple sugars from atmospheric carbon dioxide and water by photosynthesis. The fungus, as the "gardener," tends the alga, providing shelter and protection from the extremes of the environment. As a consequence the alga produces enough additional sugars to supply the fungus with nourishment. With some of these sugars, the fungus makes organic compounds that possibly protect both partners from herbivoresa type of natural pesticide.
Where do lichens grow?
Lichens are remarkable for their ability to grow in extreme environments. Lichens are found in the hottest desert, the coldest tundra, and the wettest rain forest. Some lichens are able to tolerate salt spray on coastal cliffs and periodic inundation by fast-moving streams; however, no lichen is truly aquatic. Lichens grow on soil, woody debris, rocks, tree bark, tree leaves, and on other lichens.
What are the lichen growth forms?
In combination, the lichen symbionts produce a growth form that is unlike either fungi or algae growing alone. The association produces an undifferentiated "plant" called a thallus. Three growth forms are easy to recognize:
Crustose: crust-like, adhering tightly to the substrate by their entire lower surface. Some endolithic lichens are embedded in their rock substrate.
Foliose: leaf-like with a distinct upper and lower surface, attached to their substrate only by small root-like structures, rhizines.
Fruticose: shrub-like, pendulous strands or hollow stalks called podetia, usually attached to the substrate at the base or holdfast.
How do lichens reproduce?
The lichen-forming fungi may reproduce sexually or asexually.
Sexual reproduction in ascomycetous lichens is typically by production of fruiting bodies called apothecia that produce the sexual propagules (ascospores).
Asexual reproduction is by fragmentation of the thallus or by special structures: soredia (tufts of a few algal cells wrapped in hyphae), isidia (cylindrical, finger-like projections from the upper surface) or lobules (miniature lobes developing along the margins).
How are lichen species identified?
Thallus characters: growth form, size, shape of the thallus; color of cortex; rhizines and cilia of the lower cortex and margin, pores and cracks of the upper cortex.
Reproductive characters: presence of vegetative propagules; shape and color of the apothecia (if present); shape, number of cells, size, color of the ascospores.
Chemical characters: production of lichen compounds.
Ecological characters: distribution, elevation, habitat, substrate.Algal host: the type of alga, either chlorophyta or cyanobacteria.
Paula DePriest
Department of Botany
National Museum of Natural History
Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC


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This is the five-person submersible that can descend to a depth of 656' for accessing reefs, wrecks, and rare underwater species. It keeps all explorers safe inside a climate-controlled 3 1/4"-thick acrylic pressure sphere that enables conversation, unlike SCUBA diving. The craft meets all the safety guidelines of the International Maritime Organization and is classified by Germanischer Lloyd with two independent life support systems that provide data on depth, internal pressure, temperature, battery status, thruster status and trim tanks status. Its two horizontal thrusters provide fore, aft, and directional control in addition to a maximum submersed speed of 2 1/2 knots (4 knots surface) while two vertical thrusters provide up and down control. Its 130- and 24-volt Lithium-ion battery banks provide up to eight hours of continuous undersea adventure. The craft's dual-pontoon structure and broad freeboard ensure superior surface stability, even in high sea conditions. A VHF radio provides surface communication while its underwater telephone communicates while submerged. Includes comprehensive training. Special conditions and guarantee limitations apply. 16.8' L x 12.3' W x 7.4' H. (15,432 lbs.)
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Beaumont/Port Arthur
Sometimes we might want to plant an area with blooming flowers we can rely on for color all summer. Long-blooming perennials make this a possibility. We can consider these long blooming perennials the "workhorses" of the garden.
While we harbor no disrespect for the Wall Street Journal who called us "that scrappy little paper from Southeast Texas," we prefer to think of ourselves as simple seekers of the truth. We're of the opinion that headlines and sound bites never tell the whole story. Our readers demand all the facts, facets and flavors of every story or event. And, they expect to be informed, educated and stirred to action.
For this week's New York Times crossword puzzle, pick up a copy of this week's The Examiner on newsstands now.


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University Announces Plan To Promote Campus Safety
MINNEAPOLIS (AP) - University of Minnesota officials have announced a multi-pronged approach to promote campus safety as students return for the spring semester - after a fall in which robberies on and off campus increased.
Additional police officers and improved resources for crime victims are just some of the measures that university officials announced Tuesday.
The university is also extending the hours of some of its bus and chauffer services, and exploring ways to expand self-defense classes.
In addition, officials are changing light fixtures along University Avenue from yellow sodium bulbs to white metal halide bulbs to increase brightness. And, they are implementing a plan to limit access to buildings.
Officials are also urging university leaders to keep students engaged through various town hall meetings or other events.


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Poetry and Humane Education
VISIT WEBSITE: Poets.org
April is National Poetry Month! Poets.org is your go-to resource for celebrating poetry not just in April, but the entire year.
Poets.org is one of many programs supported by the Academy of American Poets. For teachers and their students—elementary, high school, and university—Poets.org offers a range of free online resources to instill a love and appreciation for poetry. These resources include discussion forums, innovative curriculum, essays, lesson plans, an extensive library of poetry, and more.
We've chosen to spotlight the teaching tools below, but there are plenty more to explore! When you visit the For Educators section of the website, refer to the left-hand panel for a menu of resources.
National Poetry Month
Where to start? Request a free poster, "Bright Objects Hypnotize the Mind"? Sign up for "Poem-A-Day" to get a daily dose of new poems? Or simply write a poem in chalk on the sidewalk? Celebrate National Poetry Month with these inspiring resources and an impressive list of things to do.
Click here for National Poetry Month resources.
Lesson Plans for Teachers
Secondary teachers from New York and Colorado developed and tested poetry lesson plans in their classrooms. Here is one from the collection:
Voice: Ever hear of rap? Editorials, graffiti, and essays are not the only way for writers to express their opinions. This lesson opens your students' minds to the notion that poetry is another medium for authors to express commentary on the pressing social issues of the times.
Click here for the Voice lesson plan.
To see the entire set of lesson plans, click here.
Poetry Resources for Teens
Like reading Shakespeare, reading poetry well is part attitude and part technique. Your attitude and curiosity about poetry will help your students open their minds to poetry, especially if they have preconceived ideas about what poetry is or should be. Ah, youth! What better time to embrace poetry when you're in that stage of life that swings from angst to euphoria.
Click here to find Poetry Resources for Teens.
Poets database
Introduce your students to the most popular contemporary poets, such as former U.S. poet laureate Billy Collins and Nikki Giovanni, or let them loose to explore the biographies of more than 500 poets and their poems.
Click here to explore the Poets database.
Poets.org is a program of the Academy of American Poets. Established in 1996, it is an award-winning website that houses thousands of poems, as well as poet biographies, essays, recordings, and lesson plans for teachers. It hosts the popular National Poetry Month,—the largest literary celebration in the world,—and annually honors the next generation of poets with its anthology, New Voices.
VISIT WEBSITE: Teachkind.org
Humane education addresses contemporary issues with a critical eye, compassion, integrity, and solutions to build a more humane world. Simply put, humane education teaches students to be responsible individuals.
TeachKind, the humane education arm of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) recognizes that most students have a natural affinity for animals, but not every classroom is ready to dive into humane education. TeachKind offers a range of free resources, from exploring humane education to helping your students start an animal rights club. There are lesson plans, classroom tools, and a menu of free books and other items to support your students' exploration of animal rights.
Lessons and Activities
Online lessons are organized by subject i.e. science, philosophy, language arts, and include lessons, curricula, online videos, worksheets, and more.
Explore the collection of lessons and activities here.
Sample lesson plan: Choices Cards activity
Choices Cards aren't about telling students what is right or wrong. They're about showing students how the choices they make every day affect animals. This is a thinking activity and a terrific way to begin conversations on how society uses and regards animals. It is also an exercise that shows students that their personal choices can make a difference.
Learn more about the Choices Cards Lesson Plan here.
Issues Facing Teachers
It may not be obvious, but schools deal with a variety of issues involving animals. From science class dissections (did you know that 15 states have dissection-choice laws or policies?) to class pets, invite your students to take a look at how your classroom might be more animal friendly.
Curious about what those issues might be? Visit here.
TeachKind is the humane education division of People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals. It prides itself in being a resource for teachers, administrators, and librarians who want to help students become kinder, more compassionate individuals. Not just to animals, but also to people!


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This manual page summarize the core features of the server not being implemented as EWSAPI modules. The following core config directives are described:
The SSL support is realized using the SSLeay
package. Please refer to
SSLeay is an implementation of Netscape's Secure Socket Layer specification - the software encryption protocol specification behind the Netscape Secure Server and the Netscape Navigator Browser.
The SSL Protocol can negotiate an encryption algorithm and session key as well as authenticate a server before the application protocol transmits or receives its first byte of data. All of the application protocol data is transmitted encrypted, ensuring privacy.
The SSL protocol provides "channel security" which has three basic properties:
The SSL mechanism can be enabled in the server by using the SSLCertificateFile, SSLCertificateKeyFile and the SSLVerifyClient config directives.
Files delivered to the client are MIME typed according to RFC 1590. File suffixes are mapped to MIME types before file delivery.
The mapping between file suffixes and MIME types are
specified in the
mime.types file. The
reside within the
conf directory of the ServerRoot. Refer to the example server
root (
UNIX: $INETS_ROOT/examples/server_root, Windows: %INETS_ROOT%\examples\server_root). MIME types may be added as required to the
mime.types file and the DefaultType config directive
can be used to specify a default mime type.
DefaultType mime-type
Default: - None - Module: httpd_core(3)
When the server is asked to provide a document type which
cannot be determined by the MIME Type
Settings, the server must inform the client about the
content type of documents and
mime-type is used if an
unknown type is encountered.
DocumentRoot directory-filename
Default: - Mandatory - Module: httpd_core(3)
DocumentRoot points the Web server to the document space
from which to serve documents from. Unless matched by a
directive like Alias, the
server appends the path from the requested URL to the
DocumentRoot to make the path to the document, for
DocumentRoot /usr/web
and an access to
http://your.server.org/index.html would
refer to
MaxClients number
MaxClients 150
Module: httpd_core(3)
MaxClients limits the
number of simultaneous
requests that can be supported. No more than this
of child server processes can be created.
Modules module module ...
Modules mod_get mod_head mod_log
Module: httpd_core(3)
Modules defines which EWSAPI modules to be used in a
specific server setup.
module is a module in the code
path of the server which has been written in accordance with the
(Erlang Web Server API). The server executes functionality in
each module, from left to right (from now on called EWSAPI
Module Sequence).
Before altering the EWSAPI Modules Sequence please observe what
types of data each module uses and propagates. Read the "EWSAPI
Interaction" section for each module and the EWSAPI Module
Interaction description in
Port number
Port 80
Module: httpd_core(3)
Port defines which port
number the server should
use (0 to 65535). Certain port numbers are reserved for
particular protocols, i.e. examine your
OS characteristics (
UNIX: /etc/services, Windows: ) for a list
of reserved ports. The standard port for HTTP is 80.
All ports numbered below 1024 are reserved for system use and regular (non-root) users cannot use them, i.e. to use port 80 you must start the Erlang node as root. (sic!) If you don't have root access choose an unused port above 1024 typically 8000, 8080 or 8888.
ServerAdmin email-address
ServerAdmin unknown@unknown
Module: httpd_core(3)
ServerAdmin defines the
email-address of the
server administrator, to be included in any error messages
returned by the server. It may be worth setting up a dedicated
user for this because clients do not always state which server
they have comments about, for example:
ServerAdmin email@example.com
ServerName fully-qualified domain name
Default: - Mandatory -
Module: httpd_core(3)
ServerName sets the
fully-qualified domain
name of the server.
ServerRoot directory-filename
Default: - Mandatory -
Module: httpd_core(3)
ServerRoot defines a
where the server has its operational home, e.g. used to store
log files and system icons. Relative paths specified in the
config file refer to this
directory-filename (See
SocketType type
SocketType ip_comm
Module: httpd_core(3)
SocketType defines which underlying communication
type to be used. Valid socket types are:
SSLCertificateFile filename
Default: - None -
Module: httpd_core(3)
SSLCertificateFile points at a PEM encoded
certificate. Read more about PEM encoded certificates in the SSL
application documentation. The dummy certificate
server.pem (
UNIX: $INETS/examples/server_root/ssl/, Windows: %INETS%\examples\server_root\ssl\), in
the INETS distribution, can be used for test purposes.
Read more about PEM encoded certificates in the SSL application
SSLCertificateKeyFile filename
Default: - None -
Module: httpd_core(3)
SSLCertificateKeyFile is used to point at a certificate
key file. This directive should only be used if a certificate
key hasn't been bundled with the certificate file pointed
at by SSLCertificateFile.
SSLVerifyClient type
Default: - None -
Module: httpd_core(3)
type to:
Read more about SSL in the application documentation.
KeepAlive max-requests
Default: - Disabled -
Module: httpd_core(3)
This directive enables Keep-Alive support. Set
max-requests to
the maximum number of requests you want the server to serve per
connection. A limit is imposed to prevent a client from hogging your
server resources. To disable Keep-Alive support, do not set this
The Keep-Alive extension to HTTP, as defined by the HTTP/1.1 draft, allows persistent connections. These long-lived HTTP sessions allow multiple requests to be sent over the same TCP connection, and in some cases have been shown to result in almost 50% speedup in latency times for HTML documents with lots of images.
KeepAliveTimeout seconds
Default: - Disabled -
Module: httpd_core(3)
The number of seconds the server will wait for a subsequent request before closing the connection.


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Thursday September 20, 2018; 09:55 pm EDT
Look for the moon's shadowy face on these shortest nights
The waning crescent moon heralds the coming sun in pre-dawn eastern skies through week's end. So close to the sun's glow, there's more to this moon than meets the eye. While the crescent appears clearly aglow, the supposedly missing face appears as a dark notch. This is a result of earthshine, sunlight reflected off our planet that casts a shadowy glow over the rest of the moon's visible face. This is not to be confused with seeing the dark side of the moon, which is always turned away from earth and thus never visible.
If you're up before the sun Saturday, look for the moon in the northeast with Jupiter a half-dozen degrees below. Lower still, Venus is back, slowly rising from the glare of morning twilight. Sunday a wisp of a crescent moon rises barely 90 minutes before dawn, with Jupiter now a few degrees above and Venus six degrees below.
As the evening sky darkens, Mercury pops into view low in the west-northwest. Visible for less than 45 minutes after sunset, Mercury is tough to spot so close to the horizon and is another target better viewed with binoculars. Easier to spot but distinctly less bright are the twin stars of Gemini Castor and Pollux 10 degrees to its upper right.
Orange Mars shines high in the southwest at sunset, midway between the equally bright lights of Regulus to the west and Saturn to the east.
These are the shortest nights of the year, with solstice and the official start of summer less than a week away on June 20. Already we have passed the year's earliest sunrise, on June 13, and each week now the sun will rise a full minute later. Yet the latest sunset isn't until the 27th, a span created by Earth's elliptical, egg-shaped orbit and its changing speed around the sun.


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By Joseph Ax
NEW YORK (Reuters) - An Occupy Wall Street protester who has waged a legal battle to keep his tweets from falling into prosecutors' hands will plead guilty to a charge of disorderly conduct on Friday, his lawyer said on Wednesday.
The case against Malcolm Harris, 23, one of hundreds arrested during a mass march across the Brooklyn Bridge in October 2011, had drawn the attention of electronic privacy advocates who worry that it could limit the rights of Twitter users in the future.
Harris' attorney, Martin Stolar, said he has conferred with Criminal Court Judge Matthew Sciarrino and expects that Harris will be sentenced to time served when he pleads guilty.
The maximum penalty is 15 days in jail, though first-time offenders are rarely imprisoned.
The judge could not be reached for comment after regular business hours. A spokeswoman for the Manhattan district attorney's office said prosecutors have not agreed to any plea deal.
Stolar said he did not need prosecutors' approval because Harris is willing to plead guilty to the offense with which he is charged.
The Brooklyn Bridge protest occurred at the height of the Occupy movement, which drew thousands of activists in New York and across the country angry at what they called an unfair economic system.
Prosecutors filed a subpoena on Twitter seeking months of Harris' tweets before and after the march, claiming they could undermine his defense that police appeared to lead protesters onto the bridge's roadway before arresting them for obstructing traffic. The tweets are no longer available online.
Both Harris and Twitter are challenging the subpoena in court. But Sciarrino rejected their arguments in separate rulings earlier this year.
Twitter handed over the tweets in September after Sciarrino threatened it with civil contempt and hefty fines.
Harris will also have the right to appeal the subpoena ruling once his criminal case is resolved, Stolar said.
By pleading guilty, Harris likely would ensure that his tweets remain out of view, rather than becoming public as trial evidence. Stolar said Harris had some concern that the tweets could implicate other Occupy defendants.
"This is a way to preserve his right to appeal (the Twitter issue), which is more significant than going to trial on disorderly conduct," Stolar said.
The case addresses a broader legal question that courts have rarely, if ever, tried to answer: whether a Twitter user can fight a law enforcement request for their tweets.
Sciarrino has said that only Twitter can mount a legal challenge, as it is the company, and not the user, that owns the content. That runs counter to Twitter's own stance, which holds that users have a proprietary interest in their own tweets.
Several privacy advocates, including the American Civil Liberties Union, have filed an amicus brief in support of Twitter's appeal. The concern is that Sciarrino's holding could set a precedent putting the burden on social media companies to protect their users from criminal prosecution.
In ruling against Twitter in June, Sciarrino said there could be no expectation of privacy for users when they publicly post messages on the Internet.
(Editing by Tim Gaynor and Lisa Shumaker)


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Watch The ::God Is Imaginary Videos On YouTube ::
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Although D'Souza has been married for 20 years to his wife, Dixie, in South Carolina he was with a young woman, Denise Odie Joseph II, and introduced her to at least three people as his fiancée.
I don't even know who Dinesh D'Souza is.
Dinesh D'Souza (Konkani: ????? ???????; born April 25, 1961) is an Indian American conservative political commentator, and author ... on Christian apologetics, most notably in What's So Great About Christianity and Life After Death: The Evidence; D'Souza is also a notable critic of New Atheism.In 2012, D'Souza released 2016: Obama's America, a film based on his 2010 book The Roots of Obama's Rage, both of which posit that Barack Obama's attitude toward America derives from his father's anti-colonialism and from a psychological desire to fulfill his father's dream of diminishing the power of Western imperial states. Critics have said the film contains conspiracy, speculation, and projection. The film has, so far, been the highest grossing conservative documentary produced in the United States.
Me neither, but Wiki does [wiki]Dinesh D'Souza[/wiki] he a very nice man who believes in Jesus and Heaven.
http://www.worldmag.com/2012/10/king_s_crisisQuoteAlthough D'Souza has been married for 20 years to his wife, Dixie, in South Carolina he was with a young woman, Denise Odie Joseph II, and introduced her to at least three people as his fiancée.Not quite as juicy as it sounds. Though, if you look at the timing - he just filed for divorce two weeks ago - it is completely implausible that he hasn't been screwing around.
I'm sure he adheres to those conservative values of marriage and family.
I don't even know who Dinesh D'Souza is.-Nam
Hard to believe anyone would marry that pompus fat ass Limpballs.
A vile professional apologist that makes Paul Ryan and Richard Nixon look like paragons of honesty by comparison. Recently did a documentary about how Obama is trying to destroy the US, become dictator, and bring about the Apocalypse...ok I might be exaggerating on the nature of the documentary. However, it is almost as vile.
because you know the comparison will be made, how does he differ from, say, Michael Moore, other than political affiliation?I happened to like MM, while understanding that he can get a bit hyperbolic.
The board of The King's College announced school president Dinesh D'Souza was stepping down immediately after their discussion with him during a marathon meeting to decide his future.D'Souza, director of the anti-Obama documentary "2016: Obama's America," has said he's done nothing wrong.
They always say that.
It's funny, a lot of women think men are pigs because one of our main criteria for mate selection is looks. Yet, how is that any better or worse than women who consider a man's paycheck?
Conservative author and filmmaker Dinesh D'Souza entered a guilty plea Tuesday to a charge that he used straw donors to make $20,000 in illegal contributions to Republican Senate candidate Wendy Long in 2012, officials said....In 2012, D' Souza resigned from his post as president of evangelical King's College in New York following reports that he attended a South Carolina conference on Christian values accompanied by Denise Joseph and introduced her as his fiancee despite the fact that he was still married at the time to another woman.


text:
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(April 21, 2005) - The ETSU Lady Bucs softball squad (24-25) halted Tennessee Tech's (23-26) five-game winning streak in dramatic fashion Thursday afternoon as the Bucs claimed a 5-4 non-conference victory in eight innings after the Golden Eagles had battled back twice to tie the game, including a rally in the bottom of the seventh. Game two however, TTU came determined to start a new streak, as it took until the sixth inning for either team to score, but Tech came up victorious with a 1-0 decision.
In the opener, Tech jumped to a quick 1-0 lead in the first inning on an RBI single from Kacy Bennett with two outs. Katie Speiser drew a leadoff walk, went to second on a passed ball and advanced to third on a sacrifice bunt by Beth Boden.
The visitors put two runs on the board in the fifth with two hits on two Golden Eagle errors. With one out, Jessica Lonsinger (
Briana Knight (Brier, Wa.) hit a ball that just nicked off the glove of a leaping Beth Boden at shortstop for a single to left, driving home Cope with the tying run. The second run trotted home when Tech's throw down to second on an attempted steal sailed into center field and Haverman notched another unearned run for a 2-1 ETSU lead.
Tech got the run back in the bottom of the fifth to tie things at 2-2. With two outs, Lindsay Williams singled and Katie Speiser walked. Both runners moved ahead on a passed ball, and Boden's grounder to shortstop was mishandled for an error, allowing Speiser to score.
The Lady Bucs went back up, 4-2, in the sixth.
Tech got one run back in the sixth as pinch-runner Katie Scammerhorn moved to third on a single by Bynum and raced home on a throwing error. However, reliever Courtney Jenkins (
Tech had a little more drama in the seventh to tie the game as Ashley Potts drove a deep fly to left for a sacrifice, sending Katie Speiser from third. ETSU's winning run came when Lane, placed on second via the international tie-breaker, scored on a single to center by Lonsinger. Bennett got to third base in the Tech half of the eighth, but was stranded there.
Bynum (16-15) went the distance to take the loss, pitching eight innings and allowing only one earned run. She gave up seven hits, walked one a struck out three. Starter Belinda Barrerra (
In game two, both offenses struggled to get anything going, but Tech broke onto the scoreboard in the sixth inning, providing all the momentum they needed to allow freshman pitcher
In the sixth, Katie Speiser singled to center on a 3-2 pitch, and moved to second on a Beth Boden sacrifice bunt. Ashley Potts came through with a clutch hit on a 1-2 count, picking up a single to center, scoring Speiser. After the exciting win in game one, the Bucs offense was silent in game two with just three hits for the contest.
ETSU returns to action this weekend when they host league leading UTC for a three-game series at


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Get the Rocksmith [ALL] Trailer off WP (50mb)
Rocksmith features gameplay that automatically adjusts to the player's skill level, and will engage experienced musicians as well as those who are picking up a guitar for the first time. Players will be able to choose from actual lead, rhythm, and combo guitar compositions, inspiring players to perform songs after the game is turned off.
Ubisoft is using the Gamebryo engine to develop Rocksmith, the first and only game where players can use any real guitar with a standard quarter-inch input jack and play through an in-depth library of music, ranging from top 40 to classic rock.
Rocksmith includes a unique quarter-inch to USB cable that is the first of its kind, allowing users to plug any real guitar with a quarter-inch jack directly into their favorite console; this revolutionary cable turns the guitar's signal from analog to digital, allowing it to be recognized and played through a console or PC.
Ubisoft, along with Best Buy and GameStop, are happy to offer two free downloadable songs when you pre-order Rocksmith.
The two songs available will be Lynyrd Skynyrd's Free Bird and Radiohead's Bodysnatchers. In order to receive the songs, a valid email address must be provided when you pre-order the game. The songs will be delivered on launch day, October 18. This offer will be available while supplies last.
New artists and songs being unveiled are:
- Best Coast – When I'm With You
- Blur – Song 2
- The Black Keys – Next Girl
- The Boxer Rebellion – Step Out Of The Car
- Cream – Sunshine Of Your Love
- The Cribs – We Share The Same Skies
- The Cure – Boys Don't Cry
- Jenny O – Well OK Honey
- Lynyrd Skynyrd – Sweet Home Alabama
- Nirvana – Breed
- Pixies – Where Is My Mind?
- Radiohead – High and Dry
- Red Fang – Number Thirteen
- The Rolling Stones – The Spider and the Fly
- Silversun Pickups – Panic Switch
- Soundgarden - Outshined
- Spoon – Me and The Bean
- Stone Temple Pilots – Vasoline
- Taddy Porter – Mean Bitch
- Titus Andronicus – A More Perfect Union
- White Denim – Burnished
- The White Stripes – Icky Thump
- Yellow Moon Band - Chimney
- The Animals – House of the Rising Sun
- The Black Keys – I Got Mine
- David Bowie – Rebel Rebel
- Interpol – Slow Hands
- Nirvana – In Bloom
- The Rolling Stones – (I Can't Get No) Satisfaction
Consumers that pre-order Rocksmith at GameStop will receive a $25 voucher toward a guitar purchase at any Guitar Center location or at its online store.
Rocksmith will be available at all major retailers for $79.99.
More articles about Rocksmith


text:
Adopting the Right Dog for You
How to find the right dog for you and your family
Welcome to Petfinder.com!
Friendliness towards dogs
Friendliness towards other pets
Friendliness towards strangers
Ease of training
Watchdog ability
Protection ability
Cold tolerance
Heat tolerance
Among the most intelligent of breeds, the German Shepherd Dog is so intent on his mission whatever that may be and he is virtually unsurpassed in working versatility. He is utterly devoted and faithful. He is usually good with other pets.
This breed needs daily mental and physical challenges. He enjoys a good exercise session as well as learning session. He is family-oriented and does well as a house dog. His coat needs brushing one or two times weekly.
Major concerns: CHD, elbow dysplasia
Minor concerns: panosteitis, vWD, progressive posterior paresis, cauda equina, pyotraumatic dermatitis, skin allergies, malignant neoplasms, pannus, cataract, gastric torsion, perianal fistulas, cardiomyopathy
Occasionally seen: pancreatic insufficiency
Suggested tests: hip, elbow, eye (blood)
Life span: 10-12 years
Note: GSDs are especially susceptible to a potentially fatal systemic fungal infection from Aspergillus.
Australian Shepherd
Bearded Collie
Belgian Malinois
Belgian Sheepdog
Belgian Tervuren
Border Collie
Bouvier des Flandres
Canaan Dog
Despite an outward appearance slightly resembling a wolf, the German Shepherd dog is a fairly recently developed breed and, contrary to naiÃÂve beliefs, he is no more closely related to the wolf than any other breed of dog. The breed is the result of a conscious effort to produce the ideal Shepherd, capable of herding and guarding his flocks. Perhaps never in the history of any breed has such concerted effort been put into improving a dog, mostly due to the formation in 1899 of the Verein fur Deutsche Scharferhunde SV, an organization devoted to overseeing the breeding of the German Shepherd. Breeders sought to develop not only a herding dog but also one that could excel at jobs requiring courage, athleticism and intelligence. In short order, the German Shepherd had proved itself a more than capable police dog, and subsequent breeding strove to perfect his abilities as an intelligent and fearless companion and guardian. During World War I, it was the obvious choice for a war sentry. At the same time, the AKC changed the breed's name from German Sheepdog to Shepherd dog, and Britain changed it to Alsatian Wolf Dog, both attempts to dissociate the dog from the unpopular German roots. The wolf dog was later dropped as it caused many people to fear the breed. In 1931, the AKC restored the breed's name to German Shepherd Dog. The greatest boon to the shepherd's popularity came in the form of two dogs, both movie stars: Strongheart and Rin Tin Tin. The German Shepherd held the number-one spot in American popularity for many years. Although presently he has dropped from the top spot, the German Shepherd remains as one of the most versatile dogs ever created, serving as a police dog, war dog, guide dog, search-and-rescue dog, narcotics- or explosives-detecting dog, show dog, guard dog, pet and even shepherd.Copyright © 1998, 2005 by Barron's Educational Series, Inc. based on
Some animal welfare organizations with German Shepherd Dogs ready for adoption:
How to find the right dog for you and your family
Why adopting an older dog has many advantages
Prepare in advance to make sure your home is safe for your new pup


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Google frees Android from code of secrecy
Just begging to be ported to...
... the HTC OpenMoko FreeRunner. Then we'll find out how complete the open source is...
smart way to go
Well Im impressed. Its will be interesting to see if they stick with the Java only app restriction now that its open source. And like Gulfie, I wonder if its possible now to compile the OS to different mobile platforms. The biggest problems with Linux in general has been a lack of software installation standards. I wonder if Android addresses that in a way that goes beyond forcing people to use Java. Ive heard a large part of Nokia's meamo mobile Linux OS is open(I think its based on Debian), it will be interesting to see if they go all the way with open source.
The biggest winner...
...is the start-up that makes a business of releasing fully-functioning ports for all those sloooooow Windoze mobile devices out there haha! I'd pay £29.99 for an install onto my HTC S710 right now!
Yes, but, no, but...
And let's see the really cheap no-name chinese phones running Android. This is what we want.
As a laptot user, I would like to see Android stuff make it's way into Linux distros. I'd rather see telephony stuff on a tiny pc rather than pc features on a mobile. Skype and VOIP in general is ok. USB 3G modems ok, but... My eee pc has a home for a sim card. I see convergence the other way around from most. But I'm a bloke and I wear coats with big pockets. I carry a headset around with me - bangin' choons on my Sennheisers. I can see that there is a niche for a smaller pocket. I can see that people might want bluetooth headsets.
,m CXRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR
says my cat.
To Farai
Android will not make your crappy HTC S710 blazingly fast.
S710 comes with 210MHz CPU and 64MB of RAM.
G1 comes with 528MHz GPU and 192 MB of RAM.
G1 has about three times more powerful hardware, no wonder it is reasonably fast. But on S710 Android would be painfully slow - most likely worse than WM, which was initially designed for such low end hardware. Most new WM phone still have lesser hardware than G1 and run fast.
It lacks PC syncing, Exchange support, a headphone jack, and stereo Bluetooth.
Pretty much useless then.
Almost passable, Metz
You nearly refrained from slamming Google with this article ... however your use of "ad broker" quickly became derogatory, and you finished up with your usual cynical bashing. Google does a lot more than just broker ads, but all you can see is your hatred. That's not good for El Reg or for those who read your work.
Maybe someday, with a lot of therapy, you will be able to rid yourself of your anti-Google malaise. Personally, I hope you just stop writing about Google. You're not a very good writer and you hate Google with a passion that should be reserved for something you enjoy. Why not give the rest of us a break, and take a really long vacation until you can find some inner peace? It would help your writing. Other El Reg writers, like Dan Goodin, do a fine job covering this beat, so, please, just let it go and find a new topic for yourself.
(El Reg, this could have been a good, informative article if anyone other than Metz had written it. Metz editorializes far too much for an IT writer.)
I think Dick Emery needs to appreciate what the vast majority of people want a phone for and that is to make phone calls and send texts! Features such as PC syncing and Exchange support are only needed by a tiny minority of people. So a phone that makes phone calls is 'pretty much useless'!
Surely the other point is that this is only the first release of a device using the open Android platform. Other manufacturers can release a phone (and I'm sure they will) that contains all of these features and more. Would you judge all Windows Mobile phones by the very first device released?
To Ian: a dumb phone that makes phone calls and sends text is great. And there are already plenty of cheap dumb phones that make calls and send text, requiring less resources and running faster/longer.
But Android is not a dumb phone - it is smartphone and thus costs more, it is larger, less reliable, has more complex UI, and drains batteries faster than any of these dumb phones. If all you need a phone that 'makes calls and sends text' - Android is one of the worst phones for you.
Of course Android can do much more - like do GMail, maps, 3rd party apps, etc. So it is not so bad at all. But it provides too much of functionality for people like Ian and too little for people like Dick. Well, it is probably still useful for some folks. But I agree with Dick - until it gets PC syncing, Exchange support, a headphone jack, and stereo Bluetooth, it is junk to *me*.
Re: Useful for some folks
Fine for me. PC sync: don't care, I have multiple PCs in multiple locations, so the "constantly sync to the cloud" model makes a lot more sense (also, people who provide PC sync tend to mean Outlook sync and I don't run Windows). Exchange support: my employer has Exchange, but I only use it for email and they have IMAP enabled. Headphone jack: this is a WTF, I agree, but not a deal breaker for me. I'll just buy a small, cheap adaptor. Stereo Bluetooth: they said at the NY launch, this will come to this device in an update.
Openness means change
1) Android is open.
2) Android is the firmware, not the hardware.
3) Lots of Google stuff has Beta stamped all over it and continues to improve and improve.
1) The criticisms of lack of Exchange etc are temporary.
2) The criticisms of the mini USB headphone port only apply to this bit of hardware, not Android or Google.
3) The mass of Google products are effectively free, so give them a freaking break. You want free from Evil Apple? Or M$? Good luck with that!
There's more to criticism than just criticizing, but at least the article wasn't filled with comparisons to the iPhone '3G'.


text:
|MLB Career Stats
|Avg Exit Velocity (mph)
|Avg HR Distance (feet)
|Avg Launch Angle (deg)
|MLB Avg
|Avg Exit Velocity (mph)
|Avg HR Distance (feet)
|Avg Launch Angle (deg)
|MLB Avg
|9th in NL
|25th in NL
|July 15, 2018
|Tigres de Quintana Roo released OF Jason Bourgeois.
|March 22, 2018
|Tigres de Quintana Roo activated OF Jason Bourgeois.
|December 4, 2017
|Tigres de Quintana Roo signed free agent OF Jason Bourgeois.
|November 6, 2017
|LF Jason Bourgeois elected free agency.
|September 6, 2017
|Charlotte Knights activated LF Jason Bourgeois from the 7-day disabled list.
|August 25, 2017
|Charlotte Knights placed LF Jason Bourgeois on the 7-day disabled list.
|August 1, 2017
|Charlotte Knights activated CF Jason Bourgeois from the temporarily inactive list.
|July 28, 2017
|Charlotte Knights placed CF Jason Bourgeois on the temporarily inactive list.
|July 27, 2017
|Charlotte Knights activated CF Jason Bourgeois from the 7-day disabled list.
|July 17, 2017
|Charlotte Knights placed CF Jason Bourgeois on the 7-day disabled list retroactive to July 15, 2017.
|May 25, 2017
|Charlotte Knights activated CF Jason Bourgeois from the 7-day disabled list.
|May 10, 2017
|Charlotte Knights placed CF Jason Bourgeois on the 7-day disabled list.
|February 26, 2017
|CF Jason Bourgeois assigned to Chicago White Sox.
|January 20, 2017
|CF Jason Bourgeois assigned to Charlotte Knights.
|January 20, 2017
|CF Jason Bourgeois assigned to Charlotte Knights.
|January 7, 2017
|Chicago White Sox signed free agent CF Jason Bourgeois to a minor league contract.
|November 7, 2016
|CF Jason Bourgeois elected free agency.
|May 17, 2016
|CF Jason Bourgeois assigned to Charlotte Knights.
|May 16, 2016
|Arizona Diamondbacks traded CF Jason Bourgeois to Chicago White Sox for cash.
|December 18, 2015
|CF Jason Bourgeois assigned to Reno Aces.
|December 11, 2015
|Arizona Diamondbacks signed free agent Jason Bourgeois.
|November 6, 2015
|CF Jason Bourgeois elected free agency.
|October 30, 2015
|Cincinnati Reds sent CF Jason Bourgeois outright to Louisville Bats.
|June 28, 2015
|Cincinnati Reds activated CF Jason Bourgeois from the 60-day disabled list.
|June 8, 2015
|Cincinnati Reds sent CF Jason Bourgeois on a rehab assignment to Louisville Bats.
|March 27, 2015
|Cincinnati Reds placed CF Jason Bourgeois on the 60-day disabled list. Left shoulder fracture
|September 2, 2014
|Cincinnati Reds selected the contract of CF Jason Bourgeois from Louisville Bats.
|April 3, 2014
|CF Jason Bourgeois assigned to Louisville Bats.
|October 24, 2013
|Cincinnati Reds signed free agent CF Jason Bourgeois to a minor league contract and invited him to spring training.
|October 24, 2013
|Jason Bourgeois assigned to Louisville Bats.
|October 9, 2013
|CF Jason Bourgeois elected free agency.
|August 25, 2013
|Tampa Bay Rays sent CF Jason Bourgeois outright to Durham Bulls.
|August 23, 2013
|Tampa Bay Rays designated Jason Bourgeois for assignment.
|August 6, 2013
|Tampa Bay Rays selected the contract of CF Jason Bourgeois from Durham Bulls.
|July 18, 2013
|Jason Bourgeois roster status changed by Durham Bulls.
|June 28, 2013
|Durham Bulls placed CF Jason Bourgeois on the 7-day disabled list.
|November 29, 2012
|Tampa Bay Rays signed free agent CF Jason Bourgeois to a minor league contract and invited him to spring training.
|November 12, 2012
|CF Jason Bourgeois elected free agency.
|November 2, 2012
|Kansas City Royals designated CF Jason Bourgeois for assignment.
|September 14, 2012
|Kansas City Royals recalled Jason Bourgeois from Omaha Storm Chasers.
|July 17, 2012
|Kansas City Royals optioned Jason Bourgeois to Omaha Storm Chasers.
|June 27, 2012
|Kansas City Royals recalled Jason Bourgeois from Omaha Storm Chasers.
|June 27, 2012
|Jason Bourgeois roster status changed by Kansas City Royals.
|April 27, 2012
|Kansas City Royals optioned Jason Bourgeois to Omaha Storm Chasers.
|March 20, 2012
|Houston Astros traded CF Jason Bourgeois and C Humberto Quintero to Kansas City Royals for LHP Kevin Chapman.
|July 22, 2011
|Jason Bourgeois roster status changed by Houston Astros.
|July 19, 2011
|Corpus Christi Hooks sent OF Jason Bourgeois on a rehab assignment to Oklahoma City RedHawks.
|July 16, 2011
|sent OF Jason Bourgeois on a rehab assignment to Corpus Christi Hooks.
|July 12, 2011
|sent OF Jason Bourgeois on a rehab assignment to GCL Astros.
|June 29, 2011
|Houston Astros placed LF Jason Bourgeois on the 15-day disabled list. Strained right quad.
|June 4, 2011
|Houston Astros activated LF Jason Bourgeois from the 15-day disabled list.
|June 2, 2011
|sent LF Jason Bourgeois on a rehab assignment to Oklahoma City RedHawks.
|May 8, 2011
|Houston Astros placed LF Jason Bourgeois on the 15-day disabled list. Strained left oblique
|July 4, 2010
|Houston Astros recalled Jason Bourgeois from Round Rock Express.
|July 2, 2010
|Houston Astros optioned Jason Bourgeois to Round Rock Express.
|July 2, 2010
|Jason Bourgeois assigned to Houston Astros.
|July 2, 2010
|CF Jason Bourgeois assigned to Round Rock Express.
|June 22, 2010
|Houston Astros selected the contract of Jason Bourgeois from Round Rock Express.
|January 15, 2010
|Houston Astros sent Jason Bourgeois outright to Round Rock Express.
|January 15, 2010
|Houston Astros invited non-roster RF Jason Bourgeois to spring training.
|January 15, 2010
|Jason Bourgeois roster status changed by Houston Astros.
|January 12, 2010
|Houston Astros designated RF Jason Bourgeois for assignment.
|October 26, 2009
|Houston Astros claimed RF Jason Bourgeois off waivers from Milwaukee Brewers.
|August 12, 2009
|Milwaukee Brewers selected the contract of Jason Bourgeois from Nashville Sounds.
|April 8, 2009
|Nashville Sounds signed Jason Bourgeois.
Played Little League baseball in East Houston with Michael Bourn and Carl Crawford...Last named is pronounced BOOSH-wah...while with the White Sox was the last player to collect his first Major League hit at old Yankee Stadium...has played all 3 outfield positions.2014
In his Reds debut made 18 apps and 7 starts as 1 of 10 September callups...made 2 apps/1 start in CF, 8 apps/6 starts in LF and 1 appearance in RF...spent the minor league season with Class AAA Louisville, where he received the Mary E. Barney Most Valuable Player Award...led the Bats in hits, stolen bases and at bats and tied for the team lead in apps...ranked third among all Reds minor leaguers in steals...was 1 of 10 players who spent the entire season on Louisville's roster...for the Bats produced 3 leadoff HR and 2 game-ending hits...in the 1-0 win on 6/14 vs Gwinnett stole home on the front end of a double steal... as one of the Reds' final spring training roster moves was reassigned to Louisville the day before Opening Day...during spring training was hampered by a strained right hamstring and didn't play until 3/6...made his Reds debut at Bal on 9/3 and pinch hit, singled, then played CF.2013
Began the season at Class AAA Durham, where he spent time on the disabled list from 6/28-7/17...recorded 22 stolen bases in 28 attempts for the Bulls...was promoted on 8/6...made 9 apps with TB before he was designated for assignment on 8/23 and 2 days later was outrighted to Durham...became a free agent following the season and on 10/24 was signed by the Reds to a minor league contract with an invitation to Major League spring training camp...following the season played for Caneros de los Mochis in the Mexican Pacific League (4g, 15ab, .133).2012
During spring training was traded from the Astros to the Royals...for KC hit .300 in his 16 starts.2011 Had 31 stolen bases in 252 plate appearances, marking the fewest PAs of any Astro with 30 SB in a season...previous low was 419 PAs by Wilbur Howard in 1975 (32 SB)...his 31 SB ranked ninth in the NL and 17th in MLB...hit .333 (12x36) with six SB in his final 13 games of the season...hit .396 with a .430 OBP vs. LHP in 2011...led all MLB in batting avg. vs. LHP (min. 100 PAs vs. LHP)...10 of his 16 RBI this season were off LHP...hit .293 (60x205) with 14 RBI and 24 SB as a starter...was 5x17 (.294) as a PH...had his first career walk-off hit in the 9th inning of 2-1 win on April 30 vs. MIL...was on the 15-day DL twice: from May 8-June 3 with a strained left oblique and from June 29-July 22 with a strained right quad...missed a combined 43 games. 2010 Over two separate stints with Houston, from June 22-July 1 and July 4-Oct. 4, hit .220 (27x123) with four doubles, one triple, 13 walks and 12 stolen bases in 69 games...appeared in each of Houston's last 16 games of the season, making 11 starts in center field in that span...made 23 overall starts for Houston in 2010, including 19 starts in center field and four in left...appeared in two games at second base, on July 24 vs. CIN (1.0 inn) and Aug. 3 at STL (2.0 inn), marking his first big league appearances at the position since playing 3.0 innings on Sept. 18, 2008 at NYY with CWS...was 5x20 with three walks as a pinch-hitter...singled in three of his last seven pinch-hit at-bats...hit .353 (6x17) in a career-long, four-game hit streak from Sept. 21-24...in 65 games at Triple A Round Rock, hit .345 (81x235) with 10 doubles, five homers, 28 RBI and 18 stolen bases...was named Round Rock's Offensive Player of the Month for April after hitting .328 (22x67) with two home runs, nine RBI and a league-leading 11 stolen bases...for the second straight month, was named Offensive Player of the Month for May, after hitting .387 (46x119) with 13 extra-base hits and 17 RBI in 29 May games...on June 10, ranked fourth in the Pacific Coast League in batting average (.355) and in stolen bases (17). 2009 Was recalled from Triple A Nashville on Aug. 12 and finished the season with the Brewers...hit .189 (7x37) with one homer, three RBI and three steals in 24 games with Milwaukee...started six games, all in right field...hit his first Major League home run on Aug. 28 vs. PIT off of Pirates starter Zach Duke...hit .316 (134x424) for Nashville and ranked among the Pacific Coast League leaders in stolen bases (5th, 36) and batting average (10th)...signed with MIL as a minor league free agent on Nov. 24, 2008. 2008 Finished the campaign with the White Sox after spending the first five months of the season with Triple A Charlotte... appeared in six games for Chicago and collected one hit in three at-bats...purchased from the minors on Sept. 6, marking his first appearance on a Major League active roster...recorded his first Major League hit, a double, on Sept. 18, 2008 at NYY off of Chris Britton...earned his Sept. callup after hitting .286 (146x510) with nine homers, 48 RBI and 30 steals with Charlotte...played for Mochis in the Mexican Pacific League and hit .342 (55x161) with a .404 on-base percentage in 41 games. 2007 Combined to hit .306 (153x500) in 127 games between Double A Birmingham and Triple A Charlotte...made 56 appearances at second base, 35 in center field, 28 in left, eight as designated hitter and five at third...led White Sox farmhands in hits and stolen bases (38) and ranked fifth in average...made his Charlotte debut on June 1 and hit safely in his first 14 games with the Knights (.390, 23x59)...hit .297 (62x222) for Mochis in the Mexican Winter League 2006 Spent the entire season at Double A San Antonio in the Seattle organization, hitting .277 (114x411) with 22 doubles, four home runs and 38 RBI...tied for fourth in Texas League in triples (seven) and fifth in stolen bases (23). 2005 Hit .240 (93x388) with Triple A Richmond in the Atlanta organization...was claimed off waivers from Texas on March 23 and was added to the Braves 40- man roster...optioned to Triple A at the beginning of the season and later outrighted to the minors in May...was selected by Seattle in the Triple A Phase of the Rule 5 Draft on Dec. 8. 2004 Played in a career and league high 138 games, spending entire season with Texas League champion Frisco (AA)...tied for team lead and ranked T2nd in league with 7 triples...finished 5th in league with team-high 30 steals, T2nd-most in the Texas organization...stole 30 bases in 40 attempts and has a career steal percentage of 74.5% (102 SB/137 ATT)...has played in postseason in 3 consecutive and 4 of 5 professional seasons...ranked 2nd among RoughRiders in hits (135) and runs (73), 3rd in RBI (58) and total bases (174), 4th in walks (44), and T5th in doubles (19)...played 135 games at second base and 3 at shortstop...held a .276 average through May 9, but batted .180 (18-100) over next 25 games to drop season figure to .229 through June 4...hit safely in next 7 games from June 5-11 at a .500 (13-26) clip to rise to .260...hit safely in 18 of 19 from June 29-July 17 to rise from .248 to .260, including season-high 10-game hit streak from June 29-July 8...both regular season home runs came during the hit streak, July 2 vs. Round Rock and July 8 at Wichita...average hovered between .245 and .262 the rest of the year, going 2-20 last 6 games to finish at .255...hit .287 (75-261) at home and .223 (60-269) on the road...batted .269 (43-160) vs. lefties and .249 (92-370) against right-handers...made starts at every lineup spot except the 4 and 5 holes...combined to hit .317 (40-126) in the 8 and 9 spots in the batting order...matched career high with 5 hits on May 8 vs. El Paso (also April 21, 2003 at Visalia while with Stockton)...had pair of 4-hit games...went 3-4 with 2 doubles and season-high 5 RBI on Aug. 23 at El Paso...played in 5 of Frisco's 8 playoff games, batting .421 (8-19) with a home run and 5 RBI...went 6-12 in semifinal sweep of Tulsa, including 3-4, 5 RBI effort on Sept. 9 vs. Drillers with a 4th inning grand slam...RoughRiders won that game 10-3 to advance to finals against Round Rock. 2003 Split the season between Stockton (A) and Frisco (AA)...combined to hit .296 with 27 doubles, 7 triples, 8 home runs and 55 RBI...also stole 19 bases in 23 attempts...batting average was the fourth-highest in the organization among hitters with a minimum of 311 plate appearances...at Stockton was named Rangers Minor League Player of the Month for May after hitting .366 with 7 doubles, 2 triples, 2 home runs and 9 RBI...although he played in only 69 games for the Ports, he finished first on the team in runs (75), third in stolen bases (16), fourth in doubles and fifth in hits (91)...had 25 multi-hit games...season-high 5 hits, including 3 doubles on April 21 at Visalia...season-high 9-game hitting streak from May 16-26 in which he hit .472 (17-36) with 3 doubles, one home run and 2 RBI...streak raised average from .283 to .331...registered one stretch in which he went 10-20 (over 5 games) and another where he was 14-28 (over 7 games)...had more walks (36) than strikeouts (33)...hit .343 vs. right-handers and .305 (32-105) vs. left-handers...hit .340 (54-159) in 38 road games and .314 (37-118) in 31 home contests...started 51 games at second base, 14 at shortstop, 4 as the DH and one at third base...promoted to Frisco on July 3 and made his Double-A debut that evening going 2-5 with a triple against Tulsa...played 55 games for the RoughRiders and hit .252 with 5 doubles, 4 home runs and 21 RBI...posted 3 4-game hitting streaks...15 multi-hit games...had 3 hits on 3 occasions...started 54 games at second base and appeared once as a pinch hitter and as a pinch runner...played in all 8 of Frisco's Texas League playoff games and hit .192 with no home runs and 4 RBI...also walked 5 times...played with the Peoria Saguaros in the Arizona Fall League and hit .283 with one home run and 11 RBI. 2002 Spent majority of season with Savannah (A), where he appeared in 127 games...hit safely in 23 out of 25 games during the span of April 10-May 7, batting .327 (35-107), including a season-high 12-game hit streak...had a 2 home run game July 24 vs. Augusta...led Savannah in several offensive categories including, hits (133), runs (72), RBI (49), stolen bases (22) and triples (5) earning him a late season call-up to Charlotte (A)...won the "Fastest Man" contest at the South Atlantic League All-Star Game. 2001 Batted .311 (78-251) to rank eighth in the Appy League...hit safely in 20 of his final 21 games, going 30-87 (.311) in that stretch...led league with 60 runs, tied for second with 78 hits and ranked third with 21 stolen bases...had a pair of 4-hit games...homered in consecutive games July 2-3 vs. Martinsville...average was as high as .363 following 3-5 effort on July 23...played 31 games both home and away, batting .364 (43-118) in home contests and .263 (35-133) on the road...scored 4 runs and drove in 4 on August 19 at Princeton. 2000 Made his professional debut and saw action in 23 games at second base for Gulf Coast (Rookie)...hit .239 (21-88), including 5 multi-hit efforts...ranked second on the team with 9 stolen bases...went 7-12 with 2 doubles and 2 stolen bases in Gulf Coast's 3 playoff games against Tampa...season-high 3-hit game on August 27.


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Don't Call It A Miracle: The Movement To Cure Spinal Cord Injury by Kate Willette covers research basics.
Over 200,000 copies of the Paralysis Resource Guide have been distributed


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● Online:
Log in, add the products you would like to purchase to your cart and then check out. Customer Service will contact you by phone or e-mail to confirm method of payment, shipping and freight charges.
● Phone:
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Ashley Distributors
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Los Angeles, CA 90016
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Every product you purchase must meet your complete satisfaction. If not, give us the date of purchase and invoice number so we may look into your return. Returns need to be made within 10 business days and we will give you a choice of credit or exchange with a 15% restocking fee. Merchandise must be returned in salable condition. This does not apply to special ordered items, or custom cut orders. All custom orders are "FINAL" non re-fundable. Special order items require a 50% deposit prior to processing.
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Welcome to SEO King®
As the Internet continues to mature and evolve, today's and tomorrow's business growth will be driven by the vision and dreams of the entrepreneurial spirit. Business owners and individuals across the globe reaching out to, and tapping into, an ever-expanding Internet market place! Entrepreneurs who understand that, in this new frontier, the size of your company does not define the size of your opportunity! Entrepreneurs who have the vision and the right Internet consultants to build a better Internet business.
The only complications to doing business are ones we create for our customers or ourselves. Real growth will always come from a Good Product, Sound Marketing, and Great Service.George Chaney
President - SEO King, Inc.
SEO King® provides expert, ethical site based SEO services to help your website become relevant and reach your target audience.
Put together a sound Internet marketing strategy designed to properly promote your website for paid and organic search result.
Stand out from the crowd with our web design services. We'll help you to create a website that actually converts traffic to leads and sales.
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From Flash Animation to online video, SEO King® can help your small business expand it's web foot print and expand your visibility online.
The Internet is a marketplace in and of itself. Beyond the reach of most of traditional marketing and with a future that is transcending the way we look at business growth and how we do business. The commercials we see on TV cannot alone make a company Website popular. Instead, there are popular websites that are penetrating Traditional Marketing Venues. The success and failure of your Internet-based marketing plans will begin and end with whom you do business.
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We're in the business of Building Your Internet Brand®. We are proud members of the Tampa, Brandon and Plant City Florida Chambers of Commerce and appreciate your visit. We look forward to working with each of you to help to create and expand your own unique Internet Business Model.


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Do you want to understand the science behind why people share?
During this fascinating interview I explore these very concepts.
To learn the reasons why people widely share content, I interview Jonah Berger for this episode of the Social Media Marketing podcast.
More About This Show
The Social Media Marketing podcast is a show from Social Media Examiner.
It's designed to help busy marketers and business owners discover what works with social media marketing.
The show format is on-demand talk radio (also known as podcasting).
In this episode, I interview Jonah Berger, author of The New York Times bestseller, Contagious: Why Things Catch On. He's also a marketing professor at the Wharton School and columnist for BusinessWeek.
Jonah shares the reasons behind why people engage with word of mouth and why marketers should pay attention to this.
You'll learn about the 6 principles that drive people to share.
Share your feedback, read the show notes and get the links mentioned in this episode below!
Listen Now
Listen now: Play in new window | Download
Subscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | Google Podcasts | Stitcher | TuneIn | RSSYou can also subscribe via iTunes, RSS, or Stitcher.


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NIAMBLY, Ivory Coast (AP) — One day in late March 2011, at the height of Ivory Coast's postelection violence, a 23-year-old cocoa farmer was shot in the back by unknown gunmen and left for dead on the outskirts of Niambly, a village of 400 mud-brick houses three kilometers outside the western town of Duekoue.
In response, the village's roughly 3,000 residents decided it was no longer safe and began to flee. According to village chief Gabriel Tahe, nearly all of them ended up in Duekoue's Carrefour neighborhood, inhabited mainly by fellow members of the Guere ethnic group.
With this move, Niambly's residents unwittingly placed themselves at the center of the deadliest episode of the conflict, which erupted after former President Laurent Gbagbo refused to step down despite losing the November 2010 runoff vote to current President Alassane Ouattara.
Days later, on March 29, pro-Ouattara fighters including soldiers, militiamen and traditional hunters tore through Carrefour, killing hundreds. Many of the victims were men from the Guere ethnic group, which largely supported Gbagbo in the disputed vote. At least 30 were confirmed Niambly residents, said Chief Tahe.
The trouble for Niambly did not stop there. After the conflict ended and Ouattara took office in May 2011, 800 residents of the village were settled in a United Nations-guarded camp for people displaced by the fighting. In an attack last July that underscored persistent tensions in the region, the camp was overrun by a mob assisted by traditional hunters, known as dozos, and soldiers from Ouattara's army, the Republican Forces of Ivory Coast. Nearly the entire camp was burned to the ground and at least eight people were killed, including two from Niambly, according to Chief Tahe. Rights groups suspect the total was higher.
Today, around two-thirds of Niambly's residents have returned to the village, rebuilding homes that were still salvageable after the fighting ended; some homes remain little more than rubble. But while many residents said they were ready to move on from the conflict, which claimed more than 3,000 lives nationwide, they described lingering fears about the pro-Ouattara forces that took part in the attacks against them.
The violence inflicted on Niambly residents, apparently with impunity, shows the problem of one-sided justice that is troubling Ivory Coast. Two years after the postelection violence, only supporters of former president Gbagbo have been charged for crimes, although it is widely acknowledged that abuses were committed on both sides. The Ivorian judiciary has charged and detained 55 Gbagbo loyalists for violent crimes.
Meanwhile, violence continues to be inflicted on some Gbagbo supporters with impunity, according to human rights groups who say the situation is preventing reconciliation in the country.
Amnesty International issued a report Tuesday criticizing Ouattara's government for not enforcing the rule of law even-handedly.
The International Criminal Court took Laurent Gbagbo into custody in November 2011 and has also unsealed an arrest warrant for his wife, Simone, who remains in Ivorian custody. For the past two weeks the ICC heard arguments over whether or not to confirm charges against Laurent Gbagbo.
Tahe, 83, said the one-sided nature of the justice process so far was stoking resentment in Niambly and other pro-Gbagbo villages in the area that suffered similar traumas.
"If two people get into a fight and damage someone's property, then normally they both should pay," Tahe said. "If just one pays, this can create some problems between them later. It's the same thing for Ivory Coast. If one side does not pay its bill, this will eventually create more trouble for the country."
Ouattara has repeatedly vowed that all perpetrators of crimes committed during the postelection conflict will be punished, regardless of affiliation. But for residents of Niambly, the president's words do not square with the lack of prosecutions.
In addition, soldiers and dozo hunters still operate both official and illegal checkpoints in and around Duekoue, meaning that each day Niambly's residents must present identity papers — and often pay bribes — to pro-Ouattara fighters in order to go to their cocoa farms or venture into town.
Some analysts have speculated that Ouattara believes the security risks are too great to allow charges to be filed against his military backers. In a briefing prepared this month for the U.S. Institute of Peace, researcher Tobias Koepf suggested these concerns were legitimate.
"If Ouattara tries to strip them of their positions and power too quickly, there is a risk that they will turn their back against him, which could worsen the security situation instead of improving it," Koepf said.
Julien Kpahi, a Niambly resident, says the government's response to the July attack on the U.N.-guarded camp suggested that impunity for Ouattara fighters had extended well beyond the postelection conflict. Kpahi managed to flee the camp on the day of the attack, but his younger brother, Amede Bonde, did not, and Kpahi later heard that he had been taken into military custody.
On Oct. 11, officials discovered a mass grave in Duekoue containing six bodies. The bodies were men who had been shot by the military after the raid on the camp, said The International Federation for Human Rights, which had representatives at the scene, citing the preliminary results of autopsies and other evidence.
Kpahi said he believes one of the men in the well was his younger brother, saying clothing worn by Bonde the day of the attack had been found nearby. Although Kpahi submitted statements to local officials, he said he has received no update on the investigation.
The local prosecutor originally in charge of the investigation told The Associated Press that it had been transferred and that he could not provide an update. Justice Ministry officials did not respond to several requests for comment.
Kpahi said he was worried he might never learn what became of his brother. "Our executioners are still with us here," he said. "If their actions are protected by the authorities, it will be difficult for us to know anything about what happened."


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Up to [cvs.NetBSD.org] / src / sys / netinet
Request diff between arbitrary revisions
Default branch: MAIN
Current tag: yamt-readahead-perfile
Revision 1.221 / (download) - annotate - [select for diffs], Tue Nov 1 21:21:09 2005 UTC (12 years, 10 months ago) by christos
Branch: MAIN
CVS Tags: yamt-vop-base3, yamt-readahead-pervnode, yamt-readahead-perfile, yamt-readahead-base3, yamt-readahead-base2, yamt-readahead-base, yamt-readahead, ktrace-lwp-base
Changes since 1.220: +4 -3 lines
Diff to previous 1.220 (colored)
Don't decrement the ttl, until we are sure that we can forward this packet. Before if there was no route, we would call icmp_error with a datagram packet that has an incorrect checksum. (From Liam Foy)
This form allows you to request diff's between any two revisions of a file. You may select a symbolic revision name using the selection box or you may type in a numeric name using the type-in text box.


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Book flight
Manage booking
Flight information
Earn more and faster
With Victoria+ you immediately earn up to fourteen thousand miles and whenever you fly on TAP, you get extra miles.
When you sign up for one of these plans (BASE, SUPER or PRIME), you'll add up to three thousand miles to your account every month.
Find out which plan is best suited to your profile.
Terms and Conditions
Please read the following terms and conditions carefully before signing up for Victoria + and making your purchase.
By accessing and using this application, you declare you have read, understood and accepted the terms and conditions described below. The Victoria Programme may alter these terms and conditions at any time, and any changes come into force on the date they are published. Any subsequent access and use will be deemed to be an unequivocal sign that you have read, accepted and understood the amended terms and conditions. By using these web pages or making a purchase through them, you are consenting to be bound by these conditions.
Victoria+ is designed for Victoria Programme Clients. It consists of package plans, lasting twelve (12) months, that award bonus miles and benefits.
Signing up:
- Signing up for one of the Victoria+ packages entails a loyalty commitment and assumes acceptance of the 12-month commitment period.
- At the end of this period, the plan is not automatically renewable for equal periods of time. The accumulation of miles and benefits ceases, and you then have to acquire a new package.
- You cannot purchase more than one package at any one time.
- Signing up for Victoria+ assumes you have prior knowledge and accept the specific terms and conditions that apply to Victoria+ as well as of the general terms and conditions of the Victoria Programme.
- Transactions are irreversible.
Crediting of miles and benefits:
- The miles of the Victoria+ packages are only added after registration. They are Bonus Miles and do not count for the purposes of promotion to a higher status.
- The Bonus Miles and benefits are personal and cumulative to your Victoria Account. Victoria+ packages cannot be transferred between Victoria accounts.
- Benefits cannot be earned with ground partners other than the one(s) identified in the package acquired.
- Once you have signed up, you receive monthly miles and other benefits according to the package acquired.
- The total number of miles advertised, which is the maximum that can be earned during the year the package is in effect, depends on the total number of miles credited in conjunction with purchases made with the ground partner's card.
Victoria + Base Package Plan:
- Sign-up Bonus Miles – 3,000
- Monthly Bonus Miles – 1,000
- Additional Bonus Miles credit on TAP flights (value calculated according to the total number of miles credited for the flight in question) - 10%
Victoria + Super Package Plan:
- Sign-up Bonus Miles – 6,000
- Monthly Bonus Miles – 2,000
- Additional Bonus Miles credit on TAP flights (value calculated according to the total number of miles credited for the flight in question) - 25%
- Discount on changes to Award Tickets - 50%
- Waiting list permission on Award Tickets with TAP Portugal.
Victoria+ Prime Package Plan:
- Sign-up Bonus Miles– 14,000
- Monthly Bonus Miles – 3,000
- Additional Bonus Miles credit on TAP flights (value calculated according to the total number of miles credited for the flight in question) - 50%
- Discount on change to Award Ticket booking - 100%
- TAP Portugal Award Ticket waiting list permission.
Package prices:
- The price of each package is always shown on our web page, except in cases of obvious error.
- The amount to be charged to the client is stated in euros and is for the total amount of the package.
Forms of payment:
- Credit Card - Payment can be made using a VISA or Mastercard credit card.
Customer Support and other information:
- For further information, please contact the Victoria Assistance Centre by calling (+351) 707 205 700. You can also contact Victoria by e-mail at email@example.com.


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"The Voice" Recap: Live Playoffs Continue with Blake and Shakira's Teams
The live playoffs on NBC's The Voice continued Tuesday night with the artists from Blake Shelton and Shakira's teams taking the stage.
Also offering their critiques were Adam Levine and Usher, whose artists sang for viewers' votes on Monday night.
Each team also performed as a group. Team Blake sang Little Big Town's "Boondocks," while Team Shakira offered their take on Queen's "We Are the Champions."
In addition, Blake and Shakira duetted on the Lady Antebellum hit "Need You Now."
For the first solo performance of the evening, Garrett Gardner of Team Shakira played the John Lennon classic "Imagine" on the piano. Calling it one of his favorite songs, Adam said it was difficult to listen to someone other than the former Beatle perform it, but he pointed out that he likes Garrett's voice. Shakira said Garrett embodies the American dream with his hard work.
Blake assigned Holly Tucker, a member of the Baylor University marching band, the LeAnn Rimes hit "How Do I Live." Holly experienced a lack of confidence during rehearsals, but her coach reassured her that she belongs on the show. After Holly's performance, Blake emphasized that she is very talented.
Team Shakira member Kris Thomas delivered his rendition of the Bruno Mars ballad "When I Was Your Man." Adam and Blake detected some nervousness from Kris. Shakira said she felt goose bumps while Kris was on stage.
The Swon Brothers of Team Blake were given "Fishin' in the Dark," by The Nitty Gritty Dirt Band. Adam said one of the two were out of tune in the beginning. He then admitted he's not too familiar with the song, leading Blake to chastise him. Blake said the harmonies sounded really good.
Shakira protégé Karina Iglesias sang a slowed-down version of Al Green's "Let's Stay Together." Adam, Karina's former coach, stated that he made a mistake by letting her go. Shakira added that Karina showed strength and more.
Team Blake's Justin Rivers tackled Diamond Rio's "Meet in the Middle." Shakira said it was cool to see Justin interact with the studio audience. Blake said he loved how he freestyled at times.
Sixteen-year-old Danielle Bradbery of Team Blake covered "Maybe It Was Memphis" by Pam Tillis. Usher thought it was incredible, and will mark the beginning of an incredible career for Danielle. Blake went so far as to say that Danielle is one of the most important artists who's ever competed on The Voice.
Shakira artist Sasha Allen closed the show with a performance of The Beatles' "Oh! Darling." Shakira stood up and bowed to her afterward. Blake declared, "Everybody who saw that fell in love with you." Usher complimented Sasha on her outfit and credited her for being a wonderful artist. Shakira said as a Voice coach she lives for moments like the one Sasha provided.
The first results show of the season, featuring musical guest Rod Stewart, will air Wednesday night on NBC at 8 p.m. Eastern time. Four of the 16 remaining artists will be eliminated.
Copyright 2013 ABC News Radio


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The editors of National Review weigh in on Ronnie Earle's indictment of Tom DeLay:
Following the indictment of House Majority Leader Tom DeLay, conservatives are left wondering what to make of the charges. The answer is simple. The charges are absurd and should be thrown out of court.
Travis County District Attorney Ronnie Earle has charged DeLay with conspiracy to make a contribution to a political party in violation of the Texas Election Code. The alleged violation involved a money swap between the now-defunct Texans for a Republican Majority PAC (TRMPAC), which DeLay helped found but never managed, and the Republican National State Elections Committee (RNSEC). TRMPAC sent a check for $190,000 to RNSEC, and RNSEC then sent checks totaling approximately the same amount to Texas House candidates in October of 2002. Earle, a Democrat, calls this money laundering, because the money that TRMPAC sent to RNSEC came from corporations, which are barred from contributing to campaigns in Texas.
Earle is wrong. Before campaign-finance reform, this kind of soft-money for hard-money swap was perfectly legal and happened all the time. In October of 2002, the Texas Democratic party did the same thing when it sent $75,000 to the Democratic National Committee (DNC) and received $75,000 back from the DNC.
Also, as former Department of Justice official Barbara Comstock noted yesterday,


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Hub and Spoke: Core Transit Congestion and the Future of Transit and Development in Greater Boston
Stephanie Pollack
June 2012
Click here to download the full report
Far less publicized than the recent bad news about the financial crisis at the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority (MBTA) has been some very good news: ridership is up. These additional riders, however, are filling the MBTA's rush hour trains and straining the aging system's capacity. This success brings with it even greater financial challenges: how will the MBTA serve its growing ridership?
Transit-oriented development, which concentrates homes and businesses near T stations and encourages transit use, has helped fuel this ridership growth. The T's "hub and spoke" travel pattern concentrates ridership — and congestion — in the core of the system, so the success of TOD anywhere along the commuter rail and rapid transit lines depends on the capacity of the MBTA to accommodate additional riders in the core. The Boston District Council of the Urban Land Institute prepared this report in order to better understand core transit capacity and congestion in the MBTA system in anticipation of development trends and ridership growth.
Maintaining Diversity In America's Transit-Rich Neighborhoods: Tools for Equitable Neighborhood Change
Stephanie Pollack, Barry Bluestone, Anna Gartsman
October 2010
Click here to download the full report
Extending public transportation to a metropolitan neighborhood for the first time can, in some cases, raise rents and attract wealthier residents who would drive rather than ride the train.
New public transit investments can sometimes lead to gentrification which prices out renters and low-income households — people considered core public-transportation users — working against the goal of drawing in transit-oriented neighbors.
The study urges planners and policymakers to consider the unintended consequences of neighborhood gentrification when expanding or improving public transit, given the risk that transit investment can cause undesirable neighborhood change.
Global Competitiveness in the Rail and Transit Industry
Michael Renner and Gary Gardner
September 2010
Click here to download the full report
The United States once had a thriving intercity rail and urban transit network. By the 1950s, however, the fed- eral government shifted its infrastructure spending decisively to highways and airports. Public transportation sys- tems atrophied, and America's technological leadership in the manufacture of everything from subway cars to trams to high-speed trains passed to companies in Japan, France, Germany, and a few other European countries. By the 1970s and 1980s, the domestically owned passenger rail manufacturing industry had vanished. Today, the U.S. passenger rail industry remains underdeveloped, with significant gaps in the supply chain for passenger rail equipment.
In the face of challenges such as high gasoline prices, traffic congestion, and greenhouse gas emissions, public transportation offers a range of benefits over private automobile travel. Indeed, rising urban rail and bus rider- ship, as well as plans for high-speed rail corridors, suggest a rekindling of U.S. interest in these alternative forms of transport. Although still far from adequate, capital funds for these projects have been on the rise for several years, and the 2009 economic stimulus bill provided an important one-time boost. Along with this renewed interest in stronger transit systems, there is an increasing emphasis on capturing the jobs required in manufacturing these vehicles as well.
Reviving the U.S. Rail and Transit Industry: Investments and Job Creation
Joan Fitzgerald, Lisa Granquist, Ishwar Khatiwada, Joan McLaughlin, Michael Renner, Andrew Sum
September 2010
Click here to download the full report
With the federal transportation bill up for renewal, the United States has an opportunity to invest in public trans- portation and renew its manufacturing base. This report reveals that the country could gain more than 79,000 jobs in rail and bus manufacturing and related industries under an investment scenario sufficient to double tran- sit ridership in 20 years. If the United States were to invest at even higher levels—similar to those of China—this would yield more than a quarter million jobs.
The United States needs urgently to revive its rail and transit industry. The nation's manufacturing sector accounts for over 10 percent of GDP, but manufacturing has seen job losses in the millions in recent years. And the U.S. trade deficit continues to rise. The country needs new manufacturing jobs now to address the trade deficit and to put unemployed Americans back in well-paying jobs.
Connecting with Our Economic Future: A Transportation Investment Strategy for the Life Sciences Cluster
Stephanie Pollack
October 2007
Click here to download the full report.
Transportation infrastructure is a critical yet often overlooked component to economic development.
The geographic compactness of the Greater Boston life sciences cluster is currently one of our strongest competitive advantages, allowing productive connectivity between university and hospital researchers, physicians, and industry. Yet thousands of daily trips between labs, classrooms, hospitals and companies within this same geographic concentration also create congestion. The challenge then becomes how to provide transportation infrastructure that can accommodate the demand for connectivity in this growing industry.
A 2001 Jones Lang LaSalle survey shows that over 75% of knowledge-based technology companies consider access to public transportation to be a key factor in evaluating potential sites. Throughout the U.S., cities and regions are investing in infrastructure and transportation improvements — particularly in transit — to better serve the anchor institutions and geographic areas that are most vital to their life sciences clusters.
Targeted and strategic investment in transportation that supports our life sciences will not only enhance our regional economic competitiveness and create 'a better city', but also ultimately enhance our competitive position across industries to make a better Commonwealth.
In October 2007, A Better City released a report that examines the role of transportation infrastructure in creating stronger and better connections among the institutions and businesses in the life sciences sector. The report, titled Connecting with our Economic Future: A Transportation Investment Strategy for the Life Sciences Cluster, includes a comprehensive set of transportation investment recommendations designed to maintain our competitive edge in the life sciences. These recommendations include short- and longer term recommendations in the areas of capital initiatives, operational initiatives, and policy and planning.
On the Right Track: Meeting Greater Boston's Transit and Land Use Challenges
Stephanie Pollack
October 2007
Click here to download the full report.
This report and recommendations from the Urban Land Institute Boston District Council – with support from the Kitty and Michael Dukakis Center for Urban and Regional Policy and The Boston Foundation – outlines the challenges and opportunities facing the Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority, and proposes a series of steps and an investment plan towards long-term regional sustainability.
"On the Right Track," which was authored by Senior Research Associate, Stephanie Pollack, acknowledges that "the MBTA transit system is a regional asset and critical piece of economic development infrastructure that anchors regional efforts to increase housing production, create jobs, grow smart and embrace diversity and inclusion."