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2018 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition
Advanced Characterization Techniques for Quantifying and Modeling Deformation
Presentation Title
Slip System Kinematic Hardening-based Simulation of Reverse Plasticity in Nanoindentation of β-tin
Zhuowen Zhao, Aritra Chakraborty, Martin A. Crimp, Thomas R. Bieler, Philip Eisenlohr
On-Site Speaker (Planned)
Zhuowen Zhao
Abstract Scope
Time-dependent reverse plasticity was observed and quantified after indenting individual grains of β-tin at 0.6 homologous temperature and unloading the indenter tip. The amount of reverse plasticity is found to mainly correlate with indentation depth, while its rate is possibly a strong function of temperature. Indentation simulations based on crystal plasticity models that incorporate only isotropic hardening are not able to capture such reverse plasticity. We investigate whether the adoption of a simple Voce-type non-linear kinematic hardening rule (following Wollmershauser et al.) is sufficient to recover the observed time-dependent reverse plasticity that likely due to reversible configurations of dislocations.
Proceedings Inclusion?
Planned: Supplemental Proceedings volume
3D Dislocation Crystallography
4D Hydrogen Embrittlement Behaviour in High Strength Aluminium Alloy
A Micromechanical Study for Twin Nucleation in hcp Metals: Development of Analytical Solution to Study Twin Bands Formation
A New Numerical Integration Scheme for Fast Fourier Transform-based Crystal Plasticity Models
A Study of Anisotropy in Tensile and Cyclic Deformation Behavior of Hexagonal Close Packed Titanium Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction and Elastoplastic Self-consistent Simulations
Advances in Information Extraction from Near-field High Energy Diffraction Microscopy Data Sets
An Application of X-Ray Micro Computer Tomography to Understand Material Flow during Friction Stir Channelling Process
Analysis of Dislocation Slip Across Boundaries in Tantalum Using ECCI and CC-EBSD
Analyzing Subsurface Dislocation Content of Ti-5Al-2.5Sn Alloy Using Micro-Laue Diffraction Based Streak Anlaysis and Transmission Electron Microscopy
Applications of Low(er) Voltage EBSD to Heavily Deformed Material Systems
Atomic Scale Modeling and Experimental Observations of Deformation Mechanisms in Ni Base Superalloys
Characterization of Dislocation/GB Interactions via HR-EBSD and Machine Learning
Characterization of the Factors Influencing Retained Austenite Transformation in Q&P Steels via EBSD Analysis
Combining Experiments and Models via a Bayesian Network Approach to Predict Short Fatigue Crack Growth
Comparison of Strain Maps from Digital Image Correlation and Modeling of Polycrystalline Metals
Correlating Structural Heterogeneity to Deformation of Metallic Glasses Using Fluctuation Microscopy and Mesoscale Simulation
Delayed Cracking and Earing Phenomena in Deep-drawn Stainless Steel Alloys: Interplay among Microstructure, Texture, Transformation Kinetics, Residual Stress, and Load Partitioning
Detection of the Onset of Plasticity in Micro-crystals: In-situ Deformation of InSb Micro-pillars under Synchrotron Coherent X-ray Nanobeam
Dominant Axes of Orientation Distributions and the Peculiar Case of [111] Grains in Tension
Effect of Heterogeneous Microstructure on Deformation Twinning in HCP Titanium
Effect of Local Stress on Fault Formation and Propagation within HCP Materials
Electron Microscopy Image Simulation Using Atomistic Simulation Data
Evolution of Stacking Faults during Thermomechanical Processing of Biomedical Co–Cr–Mo Alloys Studied by X-ray Diffraction Line-profile Analysis
Experimental and Crystal Plasticity Based Characterization of Heterogeneous Deformation in Hexagonal Titanium
High Resolution Strain Measurements in a Polycrystalline Superalloy during Plastic Deformation: Slip Band Discontinuity Analysis
I-10: Toward Development of an Optimum Biaxial Tensile Test Specimen Design
I-1: 4D Imaging of Deformation in Polymeric Foams Using X-ray Synchrotron Tomography
I-2: Compression Testing of Single Crystals of β-Si
on Micron Meter Scale by Means of FIB Machining Combined with EBSD Orientation Mapping
I-3: Correlative Microscopy in Materials Science
I-4: Development of a Constitutive Model for Plastic Deformation in Single Crystal Niobium
I-7: Influence of Strain Rate and Microstructure on the Substructure Evolution and Properties of Ti-407
I-8: Investigating Internal Lattice Strains in DMLS IN718 Material in the as Built and Post-processed Conditions
I-9: Time-dependent Characterization at the Mesoscale: The MaRIE Project at Los Alamos National Laboratory
Impact of Microstructural Features on the Grain-orientation Dependent Strain Hardening and Softening Mechanisms in Al-Cu Alloys
In-situ Characterization of Plasticity Mechanisms along Complex Stain Paths
In-situ EBSD Analysis and Crystal Plasticity FE Simulations in a CP Titanium
In-situ Experiments to Capture the Rapid Evolution of Microstructure during Phase Transformation of Titanium Under Dynamic Loading
In-situ Monitoring of Cyclic Deformation by High Resolution Reciprocal Space Mapping
In-situ Neutron Diffraction during Biaxial Strain Path Changes
In-situ Neutron Diffraction of Pure Mg during ECAE Processing
In-TEM Observation on Twinning in Nano-sized BCC Crystal
In Situ Electron Microscopy Investigation on Plastic Deformation in a Metastable Beta Titanium Alloy
In Situ TEM Study of Dislocation – {10-12} Twin Boundary Interaction in Mg
Intermittent Plasticity Associated with Collective Motion of Dislocation in bcc Alloys
Investigating Surface Deformation and 3D Microstructure in Polycrystalline Metals
Measuring Intra-grain Orientation Gradient and Elastic Strain Field by Near-field High Energy X-ray Diffraction Microscopy
Mechanical Fields due to Double Twinning in Magnesium Alloy AZ31 as Revealed by Explicit Modeling of Twin Lamellae Using a Crystal Plasticity Finite Element Model
Micro-compression Testing of Mg-Nb Multilayered Nano-composites for Ultra-high Strength, Formability and Ductility
Microstructural Evolution of 316L Stainless Steel Subjected to Shear
Microstructural Evolution of Ti-7Al Under Cyclic Loading
Microstructure and Deformation Mechanisms in Ti-7Al
Modern Diffraction Methods for the Investigation of Thermo-mechanical Processes
Novel 3D Crystallite-scale Characterization of Deformation during Cyclic Loading of Low Crystal-symmetry Phases
Plastic Deformation Behaviour of a γ-TiAl Alloy in High Cycle Fatigue at up to 700 �C by Nano-scale Digital Image Correlation of a Remodelled Au Speckle Pattern
Quantifying Microstructural Deformation in Cold Sprayed Aluminum-copper Alloy Coatings
Representative Volume Generation from 2D EBSD Maps and their Implementation in FFT Based Crystal Plasticity Models
Role of Grain Boundary Sliding in Deformation of Polycrystalline Materials
Simulations of Bi-crystal Nanoindentation and Polycrystalline Uniaxial Tensile Deformation with a Grain Boundary-aware Crystal Plasticity Model
Slip System Kinematic Hardening-based Simulation of Reverse Plasticity in Nanoindentation of β-tin
Statistical Model Based on Large Field-of-view Images Predicts Microstructural Damage-sites
Strain Localisation Behaviour in Ti834 Subjected to Cold Creep Testing
TEM 3D Visualization Using Two Micrographs
Tensile Behavior of Individual Grains in Austenitic Steel Studied by 3DXRD and Crystal Plasticity Simulations
Three-dimensional X-ray Diffraction Imaging of Dislocations in Polycrystalline Metals Under Tensile Loading
Time Dependent Plasticity and Cold Dwell Fatigue in Ti-alloys
Twinning-detwinning Behavior during the Low-cycle Fatigue Testing of Pure Magnesium Using High Energy X-Ray Diffraction
Understanding Effect of Texture and Topology on Stress Hotspots Using Machine Learning
Understanding the Role of Interfaces on Fully Lamellar TiAl Alloys through Micromechanical Testing
Using Correlative HRDIC, EBSD and ECCI to Answer Questions of Microstructure-specific Plasticity
Using Crystal Plasticity to Predict Local Deformation during Reverse Loading of an Aerospace Alloy
Using EBSD to Quantify Defect Structures in Deformed IF Steels
Questions about ProgramMaster? Contact


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SOC 132W (US) Sport and Society (1)
The world of sport touches all of us in one way or another. We participate in sports. We watch sports. We read about sports. Why are sports so important to us? What are their benefits socially and individually? In this course, we are interested in examining the sociological significance of sport as it relates to topics such as culture, social organizations, socialization, social stratification, race, gender, economics, and the mass media. Attention will be paid to the national and international influence of sport among individuals, groups, and societies. Freshmen and Sophomores only or consent of instructor.
- General Education Requirement Fulfillment: Writing-centered; Understanding Society
- Prerequisite: First or second year students only
- Offering: Alternate Years
- Instructor: Staff

subset: commoncrawl


text: What Kind of Doctor Do I Need? Slideshow Dental (Oral) Health Quiz Causes of a Heart Attack Slideshow Coryza: A head cold that includes a runny nose. From Healthy Resources When Prostate Cancer SpreadsDo You Take Good Care of Your Eyes?Tips for a Clean Home & Healthy Cat Featured Centers When Prostate Cancer SpreadsEssential Tips to Manage DiabetesWhat Is Cystic Fibrosis? What Causes It? Health Solutions From Our Sponsors Kept Your Wisdom Teeth? Therapy at Home?


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The tarp just came off the field and it looks like there's at least a chance of starting tonight's game on time. I thought there was no chance just a few hours ago, but Joe Girardi said he's been hearing that the game will probably be played.
On to big picture news.
Alex Rodriguez ran the bases today. He did his usual batting practice and fielding drills, but it's the running that's most significant. Girardi said Rodriguez is still on track to begin a rehab assignment this weekend — either Friday or Saturday, Girardi said — and it's a good bet that he'll be with the Yankees next week on the road.
"I don't know if Monday is realistic," Girardi said. "Part of it probably depends on where he starts and how he feels in those next couple of games. But I think next week is realistic."
Girardi said he's not sure how many rehab games Rodriguez will need.
"I guess theoretically it could be one, but you can't really say," Girardi said. "You don't know how he's going to feel and you don't know if he's going to have his timing. You don't know if he's going to feel stable on his knee running the bases. You can't just throw a random number out there. When he's ready, we'll have him back, I can tell you that."
[3]• Phil Hughes starts Saturday. Freddy Garcia starts Sunday. For now, the Yankees are sticking with a six-man rotation. "I don't know how much longer we'll stick with that," Girardi said. "Obviously we've got the split doubleheader in Baltimore and we have to be prepared for that too."
• Could either Hughes or Garcia be available out of the bullpen? "We'd probably stay away from them," Girardi said. "If we had to, yes, but our bullpen is in pretty good shape."
• Sergio Mitre is going for a second opinion after being diagnoses with a pinch nerve in his shoulder. An MRI showed no structural damage, but a nerve problem is causing Mitre to lose considerable arm strength (fastball velocity suddenly dropped by about 6 mph, he said). The second opinion is determine whether surgery is necessary, but Mitre is going into it believing he has "90 percent" chance of surgery. How long he's out depends entirely on how quickly the nerve recovers.
• According to the latest AP update from Tampa, Pedro Feliciano threw 42 pitches in the bullpen today and is scheduled for live batting practice on Friday. Even so, Girardi said Feliciano is still a longshot to pitch for the Yankees this season.
• Other Tampa updates via the AP: Ramiro Pena started swinging a bat… Damaso Marte threw a 32-pitch bullpen… Mark Prior pitched in another rookie league game.
• Once again out of the Yankees lineup, Jorge Posada seemed just as frustrated today as he was after he and Girardi had their conversation on Sunday. Posada spoke only briefly. "You wouldn't expect any player to be necessarily happy if he's taken from a role," Girardi said. "I was a full-time catcher and reduced to less catching. I didn't like it. I just kept working at it and trying to get better. As a player, that's really the only thing you can do – be prepared and when you get your chance, perform and do the best you can."
• Russell Martin's mustache is no longer the worst Yankees look of the year. A.J. Burnett has gone with totally blonde hair. It's… a curious decision. Martin literally offered a no comment on the situation, but he did laugh a little when I brought it up.
Erick Aybar SS
Howie Kendrick 2B
Bobby Abreu DH
Torii Hunter RF
Mark Trumbo 1B
Vernon Wells LF
Maicer Izturis 3B
Peter Bourjos CF
Jeff Mathis C
Associated Press photos


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Man gets probation for stabbing family member
Man gets probation for stabbing family member
LINCOLN, Neb. —
A Lincoln man charged in the stabbing of a family member over an argument about music has been given probation.
The Lincoln Journal Star reports a judge sentenced 47-year-old Todd Zellers Friday in Lancaster County. The sentence includes 60 days in jail at the end of two years of probation, unless it is waived. Zellers also has been fined $500.
Police say Zellers stabbed the man in the crotch with a butcher knife last August. They had been arguing about music in Zellers' apartment.
Zellers pleaded no contest to a misdemeanor charge of third-degree assault.
Court documents say Zellers' family member was taken to a local hospital and doctors used multiple staples to close the wound.


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There are three main types of damage that occur to the musculo-skeletal system; the first is a sudden injury or sprain which might be a domestic injury, or might be incurred during a sporting activity or in a car accident. This usually causes local pain and bruising lasting for a few days, or even a few weeks. The other main group is arthritis and this can be divided into two important types, Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Osteoarthritis is by far the commoner type of arthritis and can be thought of as 'wear and tear' damage to a joint. It usually occurs in older people and tends to affect the spine (both neck and lower-back), the hips, knees, elbows and shoulders. Nobody is clear about the exact cause of Osteoarthritis; it can sometimes run in families or it may result from severe localized damage in earlier life, such as a broken bone. Osteoarthritis tends to develop in one or two of the main weight-bearing joints of the body, but it does not usually affect all the joints of the body. The pain caused by osteoarthritis fluctuates; if a person suffers from osteoarthritis of the knee there will be periods when the knee is painful, and other times when the pain is less severe.
The X-ray of an osteoarthritis joint looks ragged and shows some joint destruction, but such X-ray findings do not correlate with the pain suffered. If joint destruction is demonstrable on the X-ray the patient may not have severe pain, and conversely the patient may have severe pain with few X-ray findings. The main problem with osteoarthritis is pain, which in turn causes a general lack of mobility and limited joint movement.
Rheumatoid arthritis is far less common than osteoarthritis and represents a completely different disease process. The small, non-weight-bearing joints in the hands and feet are affected by an active destructive process. This process is poorly understood and can occasionally result in joint deformity.


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NEW YORK, June 27 (UPI) -- Derek Holland allowed just two hits Thursday in pitching the Texas Rangers to a 2-0 victory over the New York Yankees.
Holland, who had been 0-5 with an 8.85 earned run average versus New York in his career, gave up a leadoff single to Ichiro Suzuki in the first inning and a two-out base hit to Austin Romine in the third.
After that he walked two batters -- one who whom was caught stealing -- but faced just one over the minimum 18 batters the last six innings. He struck out seven and walked two in improving to 6-4.
Yankees starter Phil Hughes (3-7) retired the first six batters he faced before the Rangers parlayed two singles, a walk and a sacrifice fly by Ian Kinsler to score Jurickson Profar for a 1-0 lead in the third.
Profar added a home run -- his third of the year -- in the fifth for the Rangers' other run.


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3D Printing Cafe in Japan
FabCafe, a Collaborative 3D Vision For Coffee Shops
FabCafe, a Collaborative 3D Vision For Coffee Shops
Enter Starbucks on a weekday morning, and it'll likely be filed with Work From Home warriors, emailing, freelancing, and PowerPointing between latte sips. Free, reliable WiFi is a tech-savvy worker necessity, but for those with more tactile creative pursuits, the traditional coffee shop scene isn't conducive to, say, creating a line of wallets to sell on Etsy or experimenting with the latest in 3D printing technology. Specific needs like these are what caused Tim Wong to open FabCafe in the Shibuya neighborhood of Tokyo, as he told us at this year's SXSW Interactive.
Alongside the usual cafe fare like caffeinated drinks and small bites is the heart of Tim's vision, a studio where local designers can rent use of a laser printer to cut from Adobe Illustration files for about $20 per 30 minutes. Rather than going the way of a Kinko's where people come in to use the machines and leave in a hurry, FabCafe draws the local design community with artist lectures and workshops.
The workshops are when the six 3D printers are put to use, since the cost of the materials and machines makes regular renting of them less than feasible. Look for more FabCafe locations to open in Taipei and Barcelona this year. Take a look at some of the cafe's work, and tell us: what would you do at FabCafe if you had the chance?


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The Obama administration is contacting millions of Americans who signed up for marketplace health insurance about apparent discrepancies in the personal information they provided in their coverage applications.
As the inconsistencies involving some two million marketplace plan members are verified and resolved, some could end up losing their coverage or having to repay government subsidies that were overly generous if outright falsehoods are uncovered.
"Two million consumers are not at risk of losing coverage --they simply need to work with us in good faith to provide additional information that supports their application for coverage and we are working through these cases expeditiously," said a statement from Julie Bataille, communications director at the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. "We are working with consumers every day to make sure individuals and families get the tax credits and coverage they deserve and that no one receives a benefit they shouldn't."
Bataille said about 1.2 million pieces of questionable information deal with applicants' personal income, about 505,000 pieces relate to immigration status and 461,000 others deal with applicants' citizenship status.
The health law provides a 90-day window to resolve the discrepancies and about 59 percent of marketplace enrollees are still within that window, Bataille added.
Congressional Republicans pounced on the latest development as another example of the Obama administration's flawed rollout of the health care law.
"Administration officials allowed applications to be processed before the information provided was fully vetted and verified. What's worse is the system to process these discrepancies is still incomplete, leaving an antiquated mail and phone system to address the millions of questions in applications," said a statement by House Energy and Commerce Committee Chairman Fred Upton, (R-MI). "More than eight months after the start of open enrollment, the exchanges are still not built and accurate information remains hard to come by."
On Wednesday, Upton's committee released an HHS slide presentation that outlined the problem applications and the efforts of a government contractor, Serco, Inc. to resolve the problems.
A blog Bataille posted on HHS.gov on Wednesday said most consumer data was immediately verified by the marketplace. But "sometimes a name or data point didn't match up right away with existing records."
The blog cited as an example, an applicant who recently changed jobs, but their change in income wasn't reflected in current government tax records. "In such cases the law requires us to double and triple check this data in another way," Bataille wrote.
Those with information discrepancies are being asked via e-mail, phone calls and standard mail, to submit additional information. Eligibility support workers are trying to confirm the information, but the verification process will likely take several months.
The effort to resolve the problem applications comes as Senate is expected to vote Thursday on Sylvia Mathews Burwell's bid to replace Kathleen Sebelius as the new Health and Human Services Secretary.
The insurance application problems stem in part from an Obama administration policy that allowed consumers to self-report personal information about their incomes, citizenship, household size, all of which help determine their eligibility for tax credits to help pay for coverage.
The self-reporting system was adopted because the federal marketplace technology to verify all applicant information wasn't fully functional.
In the first year of operation, the federal exchange used a scientific sampling process to weed out applications that understated household income. Income declarations were also checked against credit reporting bureau data and IRS records.
The House Ways and Means Committee has scheduled a hearing on June 10 to address concerns about data verification of health insurance information.


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- Options
Item # ISM0004
- 100% Guaranteed Returns
Free Shipping on orders over $50
The perfect position.
In 1999, the UCI delivered new bicycle restrictions that reduced the allowable amount of saddle setback. In the process, it forced racers into a nether world of sitting on the tips of their saddles. The change was under the guise of keeping the bikes and riders safe, but the reality is that a soft tissue injury is very likely because standard racing saddles aren't designed to provide proper support when you are in a fast, aero, and legal position. The ISM Adamo Road Saddle is made expressly for the purpose of supporting your weight without compromising blood flow when your primary concern is reducing your frontal area.
It's no secret that a forward position on your time trial bike will reduce your frontal area. Essentially, the further you rotate forward over the bottom bracket, the less area that you'll present to the wind as your head and chest become smaller factors in your personal drag equation. However, an aggressive aerodynamic position necessarily compromises comfort in favor of speed. So, the Adamo Saddle provides more comfort and support when you're in a fast forward position. This way, when every second counts, your comfort will become one less thing to disrupt the rhythm of your race. ISM designed the Adamo Road to be just over the UCI saddle minimum length of 240mm. With it perched atop your saddle rails in a legal 5cm behind-the-bottom-bracket position, the wings of the Adamo saddle (that provide support for your sit bones) will be 7-9cm farther forward than your current racing saddle.
The forward width is just one of the visible ways that the Adamo saddle is different. The nose of the saddle is actually split into two forward projections, like a fork. The cutout between the forked tips takes away the pressure on your perineal artery. Tests on the ISM saddles have shown them to have little effect on normal blood flow to the genital area (less than 5% loss). Of the other saddles tested, some were shown to affect the blood flow up to 95%. For those who aren't great with numbers, that's a really big difference. Basically, if you're looking for an aggressive aero position, without compromising the function of various body parts, it's clear that ISM saddles are a significant improvement over traditional saddle designs.
The Adamo has lightweight chromoly steel rails and measures 245 x 135mm. The rails have a 75mm flat section to facilitate a great range of fore and aft adjustment. And for triathletes, there's a handy transition hook on the back of the shell to rack your bike quickly and easily.
The ISM Adamo Road Saddle is available in one size and in the colors Black and White.
View more Men's Road Bike Saddles
Reviews & Community
Not for everybody!
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
It takes some time to get used to the shape of this saddle.
I believe it does help a bit with the numbness. But in my case my seat bones were maybe too small to get comfortable on it over long rides.
It deserves a try. But if you can test it first that would be ideal.
- Familiarity: I've used it several times
Get one at the earliest possible if you want to keep your treasure safe and still looking to have a second baby ...
Good idea deserves better construction
- Familiarity: I've put it through the wringer
Suffering from perineum pain, I looked for a saddle that might help and ended up with Adamo Road after not being able to get a Specialized Romin Evo and several fittings to solve the problem. After a few more rounds of testing and fitting with the Adamo, I slowly started increasing time on short rides to adapt and eventually got to 75min. It was better than the other saddles, but I was still stuck with short uncomfortable rides. It often felt like perching my sits bones over a cue ball and the discomfort was pervasive for nearly the whole ride.
After fussing with it and many small adjustments, I decided to get a Retul fit to see if that might help. The fitter determined that the saddle had bent and lists to the right. He explained that my seatpost tightens by turning one bolt on one side which can cause uneven force on the rails and twist the saddle. The carbon fiber seatpost comes standard with my 2012 Specialized Roubaix SL3 Pro frame. I am over 6' and just over 200lbs. I ride 2K miles of city streets and urban park paths annually. I was surprised and disappointed that this premium saddle had bent so easily despite suffering no impacts.
It worked much better than Specialized Avatar and Romin Evo, but I still had to ice places that shouldn't need icing after 75min rides. Maybe the seatpost contributed to twisting the saddle, but the design is common. The notch in the saddle may weaken its structural integrity.
With this saddle, plan on taking a few weeks to build back up to your old durations and distances because your body will need to adapt. Plan on adjusting your position and fit as there is a narrower zone on which you can comfortably sit. Small adjustments in angle and rotation can make a big difference. It might solve your problems but you might have to try many adjustments to get it right. (The Podium model allows a broader range of seating positions. I'm now working with it and getting better results, but the fitting made a big difference.)
fantastic seat
it took me about 15 minutes to warm up to the seat, but since then I feel like a million bucks. I previously had a selle smp evo seat, but being a 210 lbs athletic college guy with a big muscular caboose...I needed a different seat. The ism adamo road was the correct choice for me.


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For the past several years, the Florida court clerk and comptroller offices across the state have found themselves operating under extreme budget deficits, leading to a system that has become more and more challenging for Floridians.
For the past several years, the Florida court clerk and comptroller offices across the state have found themselves operating under extreme budget defi- cits, leading to a system that has become more and more challenging for Floridians.
Floridians have experienced longer lines and transaction times, dysfunctional access to public court and county records, and backlogs of court filings when they visit their local court clerk and comptroller offices.
While Florida's clerks have made every effort to ensure access and efficiency, it has become a crucial issue that must be addressed once and for all.
This legislative session, Florida's court clerk and comptroller offices are proposing statutory changes that will create sustainability and stability within our offices across the state and provide us with an adequate amount of funding to be able to continue to provide our vital services to Floridians.
For more than 150 years, the Florida court clerk and comptroller offices were funded by fines, fees and service charges we imposed and collected, until a major constitutional change was adopted in 1998, and implemented in 2004, that required the state to fund the state court system.
In 2009, the Florida Legislature required the court clerks to be funded through the general-appropriation process and diverted significant revenue previously used to fund the court clerks for other state purposes.
Now, we are asking lawmakers in Tallahassee to switch to a continuing-appropriation budget approach that would cap clerks' budgets at a continuing level set by the Florida Legislature and allow for a possible limited adjustment factor based on increases in workload.
The clerks also are proposing to allow for the transfer back of the filing fee that was redirected to other state uses in 2009 and are advocating for the Legislature to recognize that the 8 percent service charge imposed on the state trust fund is not applicable to the court clerks' trust fund.
Additionally, we are proposing that any excess amount that might occur from this redirection of revenue would annually revert to the general-revenue fund.
Understanding the critical role we play in the court and judicial system, we truly believe that this restructure of funding is the best solution to creating sustainability and stability for our court clerk and comptroller offices across the state, while still allowing for accountability to the Florida Legislature.
Floridians deserve timely access to their records, their local clerk's office and an efficient court system — all of which can be achieved with this legislative change.
[ Karen Rushing, the Sarasota County clerk of the circuit court and county comptroller, is legislative chair of the Florida Court Clerks & Comptrollers Association, Tallahassee. Internet: www.flclerks.com. ]


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SHAREHOLDER ALERT: Lundin Law PC Announces Securities Class Action Lawsuit against CenturyLink, Inc. and Encourages Investors with Losses In Excess of $100,000 to Contact the Firm
LOS ANGELES, Aug. 11, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Lundin Law PC, a shareholder rights firm, announces a class action lawsuit against CenturyLink, Inc. ("CenturyLink" or the "Company") (NYSE:CTL) for possible violations of federal securities laws from February 27, 2014 through June 15, 2017, inclusive (the "Class Period"). Investors who purchased or otherwise acquired CenturyLink shares during the Class Period should contact the firm prior to the August 21, 2017 lead plaintiff motion deadline.
/EIN News/ -- To participate in this class action lawsuit, click here.
You can also call Brian Lundin, Esq., of Lundin Law PC, at 888-713-1033, or you can e-mail him at email@example.com.
No class has been certified in the above action yet, and until a class is certified, you are not considered to be represented by an attorney. You may also choose to do nothing and be an absent class member.
According to the Complaint, during the Class Period, CenturyLink made false and/or misleading statements, and/or failed to disclose: that the Company's policies allowed its employees to add services or lines to accounts without customer permission, resulting in millions of dollars in unauthorized charges; that revenues were unsustainable and the product of illicit conduct; that this conduct would likely subject CenturyLink to heightened regulatory scrutiny; and that as a result of the above, the Company's public statements were materially false and misleading at all relevant times. Following this news, CenturyLink's stock price decreased materially, which harmed investors according to the Complaint.
Lundin Law PC was founded by Brian Lundin, a securities litigator based in Los Angeles dedicated to upholding shareholders' rights.
This press release may constitute Attorney Advertising in certain jurisdictions under the applicable law and rules of ethics.
Contact: Lundin Law PC Brian Lundin, Esq. Telephone: 888-713-1033 Facsimile: 888-713-1125 firstname.lastname@example.com http://lundinlawpc.com/


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Some Kansas communities have taken steps to rid their drinking water of harmful elements such as uranium and arsenic, but residents in several small towns are facing considerable rate hikes to pay for the improvements the federal government insists they need.
Some Kansas communities have taken steps to rid their drinking water of harmful elements such as uranium and arsenic, but residents in several small towns are facing considerable rate hikes to pay for the improvements the federal government insists they need. The Environmental Protection Agency requires community water systems to test for various substances, including naturally occurring uranium. Testing is required because long-term exposure to uranium can lead to an increased risk of cancer and other health problems, according to the EPA. If the water tests come back repeatedly above the federal threshold, the communities then have to take steps to get the elements out of the water. Those steps include finding new water sources and building water treatment plants. The federal government offers loans and grants to help build the multi-million treatment plants and new delivery systems, but the communities are responsible for paying to maintain the facilities. Clay Center, which has about 4,300 residents, built a $10 million water treatment plant to clear the water of uranium that can occur naturally in underground aquifers. But water rates there are now about three times higher than they were before the plant was built in 2010. The payments have gone from about a $9 minimum to $30, and most of the hike goes toward maintaining and operating the plant, utilities supervisor Bill Callaway said. "It's a hardship on people," Callaway said. "... Everybody loves the water. They don't like the price." The Kansas Department of Health and Environment said of the five communities with excessive uranium in their drinking water, only two — Timken, population 75, and a Garden City subdivision with about 860 residents — have not taken any action to comply with the federal regulations. KDHE said enforcement action is under consideration for those two communities. Mike Tate, chief of KDHE's bureau of water technical services, said there is no fixed time for communities to reach compliance and that the department is reviewing the cases of Timken and Towns' subdivision. In Lakin, a southwest Kansas town of about 2,200 residents where uranium levels have hovered above the federal threshold for a few years, residents are now paying water rates about 10 times higher than they had before the city began construction last spring on a $6.5 million nano-filtration water treatment plant. Lakin hiked a minimum water bill from $4.17 a month to $40.16 per meter to pay for maintaining and operating the new plant, which is expected to begin operations this spring, said Fred Jones, Lakin city administrator. "The bad news is that adds a fairly big impact," Jones said. "But water is a humongous issue out here, you know. We're having to deal with it, and I think other communities are going to have to deal with water quality issues ... because the regulatory requirements are not relaxing." He said some residents have complained about the spike in water bills, but he also has heard from residents who've been told not to drink the water in town because of the uranium. The new water treatment plant will also deal with the increasing presence of nitrate in the water, Jones said. "So, you know, it's one of those things if you're not in compliance it has to be addressed and it's really not for us to negotiate," Jones said. In the northwest Kansas town of Atwood, where arsenic had been a problem in the water, water bills have more than doubled since the town of about 1,100 started piping arsenic-free water in from new wells north of town. Delmer Towns, who developed the Towns Riverview Subdivision in Garden City and owns the rights to wells that supply water to the residents there, said an engineer estimates it would cost about $5 million to build a treatment facility for the subdivision's water supply. Towns said he can't afford that. Towns, however, said residents could choose another solution. "Everybody drinks bottled water," he said.


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Minted Soup
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Author Notes: I love to see mint in a mint julep and beyond that I don't really have much use for it. However, mint has taken hold of my backyard to the point where I should be selling it in bunches at the local farmer's market.
It's always a nice decoration on a dessert plate but I think that concept only works in restaurants - at my house if I'm having a dinner party, realistically that sprig will never make it on to the plate. After a few courses, with wine always flowing in copious amounts, I'll tell myself - oh, next time. Hopefully the pie and whipped cream WILL reach the guests. Mint adornment? Who cares?
On the other hand fresh mint can always play a role - especially in this soup. It really defines the taste and makes for a great first course. —blanka.n
Serves: 4-6
Large onion, chopped
tablespoons Sweet butter
tablespoon Olive oil
salt and pepper
Medium zucchini, chopped (lightly peeled)
1 1/2
cups Frozen peas
Cans of chicken broth
1 1/4
cups Fresh mint leaves, very lightly chopped
cup Half and half
- Saute onion in butter and olive oil, add salt and pepper and cook til very soft. Add zucchini and continue to cook for a few minutes. Add room-temp peas and cook another minute or two. Add chicken broth and simmer for about 20 minutes.
- Add mint leaves and with an immersion blender - puree soup to desired consistency. Add half and half. Serve hot or cold.
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Recipe with Mint
More Great Recipes:


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Amsterdam Hostel Orfeo
Hotel Orfeo is a combination of a hostel and budget accommodation in the heart of central Amsterdam.
Our hostel is in one of the best locations, right in the Leidseplein area. Next to the hostel you'll find clubs, bars, restaurants, coffee shops and much more.
Our hotel is clean, safe and fun. You can meet a lot of other backpackers travelling to Amsterdam.
Our staff will give you a five-star service and a once-in-a-lifetime experience.
Some of the major attractions which are close by include Vondelpark, Museumsquare, the Flower Market, Dam square, Rembrandsquare, Anne Frank House, Van Gogh Museum, The Rijksmuseum, Museum of Modern Art, Madam Tussaud's, Rembrandthouse and many more. Really worth a visit is Heineken Brewery, where you can try our local beer for free!
From our central location you can easily access and visit other Dutch cities such as Haarlem to see its beautiful architecture, Alkmaar with its cheese market, the old fish harbour in Volendam and the experience the countryside in Edam.
We provide free internet access, kitchen use, free breakfast and no curfew in our hostel. We've got a good breakfast with bread, eggs, cereal, milk, juice and coffee.
Other services that the hostel provides for free are tea and coffee, walking tour, maps, tourist information and advice from our multilingual staff. Our international staff is young, dynamic and very helpful. Bicycle rental and laundry services are close by as well as a supermarket.
Unfortunately, we do not accept bookings for persons under 16 years of age or allow pets in the hostel. We accept cash only for payment on arrival.
Availability & RatesTo view availability and prices please select dates and click 'Update Dates'
Hostel Facilities & Policies
- 24 Hour Reception
- 24 Hour Security
- Board Games
- Cable TV
- Common Room
- Credit Cards Not Accepted
- Telephone/Fax Facilities
- Free City Maps
- Free Internet Access
- Free WiFi
- Hair Dryers For Hire
- Hot Showers
- Internet Access
- Key Card Access
- Linen Included
- Luggage Storage
- Meeting Rooms
- No Curfew
- Steam Room
- Taxes not included
- Tea & Coffee Making Facilities
- Tours/Travel Desk
- Towels For Hire
Cancellation PolicyThis property has a 3 day cancellation policy. Failure to cancel within this time will result in a cancellation charge equal to the first night of your stay.
Must-Read Hostel InfoThis property has specific Terms & Conditions.
Please contact us if you're running late for check-in, so we can keep your room for you.
We have a 72hr cancellation policy. Cancellations are only accepted by email.
Prices do not include a 5% city tax, which shall be added to your balance upon arrival.
Payment is due upon arrival in cash only, please.
For group bookings (six or more people) there is a two-week cancellation policy. Late cancellations and no-shows by groups shall be charged for 100% of their total booking.
During Easter, Queen's Day and the New Years Period, we have a two-week cancellation policy. During this time, late cancellations and no-shows shall be charged for 100% of their total booking.
We shall pre-authorise the given credit card (not a charge); unfortunately we will cancel your reservation if we cannot get authorisation. You will be contacted by the hotel to ask the security code of your credit card.
DirectionsShow MapHide Map
From Schipol Airport:
You can either take a taxi diectly to us (approx 35) or you can take a train to Amsterdam Central Station.
From Centraal Station:
You can take trams 1, 2, or 5 to Prinsengracht. From Prinsengracht make a left once you step off the tram (the canal should be on your left). Then, take the first right which is Leidsekruisstraat. Welcome!
Located Near
Located near Leidseplein, Rembrand Square, Vondelpark, Van Gogh, Stedelijk Museums, Holland Casino, Damsquare, Redligt Discrit, City Theater, Anne frank House, Heineken Experience and the Flower Market.


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WASHINGTON (AP) — President Barack Obama is chiding Senate Republicans for blocking a Democratic plan to replace automatic spending cuts that are set to kick in Friday.
Senate Republicans objected to $55 billion worth of new taxes in the Democratic plan. It would have replaced the cuts with tax increases on millionaires and spending reductions over 10 years.
Obama says Republicans chose to cut services for kids, older people and the military rather than close loopholes for the rich. He says Republicans want the middle class alone to pay for deficit reduction.
Republicans floated their own plan to give Obama more flexibility to find $85 billion in spending cuts this year. Democrats and tea party Republicans killed that plan Thursday.
Obama and congressional leaders are to meet Friday to discuss potential ways ahead.


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Click on any column title to sort that column.
Additional fees apply for RODP classes. A $25 fee applies to late registration. For more information on fees and expenses see the college catalog or call the Business Office at (731) 425-2603 or 800-355-JSCC x 52603. RODP Fees and Tuition


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By accessing DaBest Classifieds website, you signify your agreement to abide by its policies, terms and conditions of use. We reserve the right to delete ads that do not follow our terms and conditions, and subsequently ban erring users. DaBest Classifieds will work with the government authorities when we find any malicious, illegal and fraudulent activities in our platform. We will keep all of our users' addresses and other details. See our Privacy Policies for more information.
User names should not be composed of offensive, malicious or profane words in any language. Logging in using social media accounts must be done only by the owner of such accounts. Information shared to us will be handled as described in our Privacy Policy. Profile photo and any other images uploaded to DaBest Classifieds must be owned by the uploader and must not infringe trademarks or copyrights.
No prohibited items can be sold, offered, or traded in the website. All titles, descriptions and comments must not contain foul language or any offensive content or profanity. Ad pictures uploaded to DaBest Classifieds must be owned by the uploader and must not infringe trademarks or rights. All advertisement for sale must have a proper price and description. DaBest Classifieds will not serve as a middleman for any parties or transactions dealt on the platform. We are not responsible for lost items in the mail or courier or any other forms of delivery.
We may monitor private messages among users as part of our proactive way of securing the website from fraudulent and illegal activities. Our moderators will actively monitor public comments. No offensive, derogatory or profane language allowed.
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By accessing DaBest Classifieds website, you signify your agreement to the Privacy Policies and the Terms and Conditions of the site. Members and guests are expected to act responsibly. As much as we try to make the community safe and pleasant for everyone, we are not responsible for untoward incidents directly or indirectly caused by using this website.


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Posted on November 3, 2011
On October 19, 2011, the Newberry switched to online LDS film ordering. Online ordering gives you greater control over the ordering process and relieves you of the burden of contacting the Newberry in order to place or renew film orders. And you can order film from anywhere you have internet access.
To use the new system, you will need a Family Search account or an LDS account (if you are a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints). Go to https://www.familysearch.org/films/ to login or to create a new account. Here you will be able to access information and help documents regarding on-line ordering.
The new system will require the use of a Visa or MasterCard debit card, credit card, or PayPal account. Discover Card and American Express will not be accepted. A PayPal account creates more security for an on-line purchase. You can find more about creating a PayPal account at: https://www.paypal.com/
The information available at FamilySearch.org/films will guide you in using the new system. The following information is what you need to know about the transition to the new system.
- The Newberry no longer orders films for patrons. Please do not send in new e-mail, mail, or telephone requests for film orders. New orders will not be accepted at the Genealogy Reference Desk.
- Genealogy reference staff will assist you in establishing a FamilySearch account and, as always, will assist you in locating the correct film numbers to order. It will then become your responsibility to order the films online.
- Short-term film rental will cost $5.50 and will be about a 90 day loan. A short-term renewal will extend the loan for an additional 60 days and cost $5.50. An extended loan rental will cost $13.75.
- Under this new system, a film can be ordered as an extended loan initially. Please note: 2 short-term renewals will no longer equal an extended loan. To extend a short-term film and make it an extended loan, you will have to pay for an extended loan renewal.
- All extended films you have at the Newberry Library will remain at the Library indefinitely at no additional cost.
Please do not hesitate to contact us at 312-255-3512 or at firstname.lastname@example.com with any questions.


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3 people charged in connection to 20 burglaries
3 people charged in connection to 20 burglaries
OSCEOLA COUNTY, Fla. —
Deputies in Osceola County arrested three people for their involvement in at least 20 burglaries, officials said.
Officials said they began their investigation when they received information that two stolen bicycles might be at a home on Woods Street in St. Cloud.
A person at that home said 27-year-old Jacquelene Danielle Young brought the bikes to the house, as well as other items that might be stolen.
Authorities confirmed the bicycles were stolen and obtained a search warrant for the house.
Numerous stolen items were found in the house that linked Young, 33-year-old Eric Lance Chinn and 24-year-old Jeremy Justin Milyon to at least 20 cases in the area.
All three were booked in the Osceola County Jail and additional charges are pending.


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DISCOUNT DRIVERS: General Motors Co. and its Chinese partners launched a second plant to make cars for discount brand Baojun, ratcheting up the battle for customers at the fast-growing lower end of the world's biggest auto market.
NOT-SO-SHOCKING STICKER: The first car to roll off the plant's production line was a Baojun 630 midsize sedan. It sells for about 63,000 yuan ($10,100).
CHEAP WHEELS: In September, Nissan unveiled a second model of its low-priced Chinese brand Venucia, a compact hatchback that will sell for as little as 67,800 yuan ($10,760). Honda has also launched a budget brand.


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Welcome, Alumni, to your class website! In addition to the content available through the links on the left hand menu, below is an overview of other features available to you on the Amherst Website.
My Amherst
After you log in, you'll be taken to My Amherst, where you can find news and announcements from the college, the college intranet, your personal profile where you can update all of your personal information, and an RSS reader. With the RSS reader, you can add news feeds from both the college website and external sites that you'd like to read regularly, such as Amherst events multimedia (where you can hear recordings of events), Amherst Athletics or any others news sources you like. You are automatically subscribed to campus announcements and to resources related to your alumni class.
Your Profile
After logging in, you can access your profile by clicking on the tab in My Amherst. On that page, you will be able to upload a photo of yourself, update your personal contact information, join the Career Network as a mentor, and fill in information from your Amherst extracurricular activities.
Your Personal Website
After logging in, you will see a link to "My website." This is your own personal homepage, where you can post photos and news about yourself. Other alumni may write comments on your page (unless you decide to turn the comments off). You can add additional pages if you wish. Note that your homepage is by default visible to the outside world, so if you'd like to make it visible to alumni only, or the Amherst community only, you must change your settings.
Please log in now to start exploring the new Amherst website.
For help with all of the above and more, read our Getting Started guide.


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Approximate Measurements
Artwork Panel: 31cm x 103.7cm ≈ 12¼" x 40¾"
Silk/Brocade: 40cm x 158cm ≈ 15¾" x 62¼"
Width at Wooden Knobs: 49cm ≈ 19¼"Information about caring for your wall scroll
Close up view of the flower artwork mounted to this silk brocade wall scroll
The Chinese title written on this artwork is actually a long poem. This poem describes how clear and beautiful the song of birds is when you listen among the mountains. Also written on the painting is an indication of the year painted (2007) and the artist's signature.
The artist used some special "watermark xuan paper" for this artwork, which gives it a very unique look. In Chinese, this is know as "water paper". This name comes from the fact that embedded in the paper is a visual texture that mimics the look of waves of water. You have to see it to understand, but trust me, you'll like it. It gives the artwork a certain antique and classic look.
This work was done in Chengdu by Huang Xin'an (Pronounced a little bit like "who-ong shin un") from the Sichuan (Szechwan) Province of China.
After I bought this work in Chengdu, I later returned to Beijing and had it mounted as a traditional hand-made silk scroll in our workshop. This makes a nice, ready-to-hang piece of wonderful hand-painted art.
Huang Xin'an signing some of his work in Chengdu.
I lost track of Huang Xin'an after my last trip to Chengdu. His phone number was out of order, and I was disappointed that I could not contact him to get more of his paintings.
I make the decision to go to Chengdu on my new art-buying trip mostly because of him.
After 15 hours on a slow train, I arrive in Chengdu. I check-in at Sam's Guesthouse (a hangout for backpackers from around the world, and a hostel with reasonably-priced beds). After a much-needed shower, I head out to find Huang Xin'an.
Taxis drive at the speed-of-light in Chengdu (the city boasts over 1000 fatal auto accidents per year), I arrive in no-time at the place I last found Mr. Huang. Sure enough, as I walk down the alley toward his gallery, he sees me and runs out to greet me. I'm really happy to see him, and the feeling is mutual.
I tell him how I came to Chengdu just to buy art from him (after not being able to reach him on the phone). He is so honored that I think he wants to hug me. He offers me a chair, and says he's painted a lot of work over that last 9 months with both me and my customers in mind. I was also honored by this gesture. He shows me a lot of new work in styles that I like.
I spend 2 days with Mr. Huang and we talk about a lot of new ideas and artwork that I think my western customers will like. He offers to close his gallery for a few days, and paint the art that I asked for. So I took a few days to meet and visit other artists in Chengdu. When I return to Mr. Huang's gallery, I am not disappointed. He did such a great job, words can't describe.
This item was listed or modified
Feb 6th, 2014
Gary's random little things about China:
Parking your car on the sidewalk is legal in most places in China. I am talking fully on the sidewalk, and fully blocking the sidewalk, so that nobody can walk there at all. After all, there is a perfectly good roadway for pedestrians and cars to share just past the edge of the sidewalk - right?
In many urban areas, there is a sidewalk parking attendant who will ensure that you park in such a way that no one can use the sidewalk at all. They will also charge a fee of 2 Yuan (26 cents) for up to a full day of sidewalk parking privileges.
The green light means "go". The Yellow light means "20 more cars should enter the intersection". The red light means "5 more cars enter the intersection and become a nuisance to pedestrians trying to cross the street".
Actually, the green light means "Try to go, but you'll probably have to wait for the yellow or red light before you get your chance".
If you get in a car accident, it's best to argue briefly with the other driver, and then both drive away. When the police get involved, everyone gets fined, and someone might lose their license. The fines are generally higher than what it will cost to fix your car, so hanging around to exchange insurance information is rare in minor fender-benders.
If your car is too damaged to drive away, you are screwed. The police own and operate all of the tow trucks in most Chinese cities. You will be fined, charged for towing, charged an impound fee, and may lose your license.
On long stretches of highway, police checkpoints are occasionally set up. They may be stopping drivers and summarily fining them for wearing sunglasses or talking on a mobile phone while driving. However, in the next stretch of highway, another police checkpoint may be issuing fines for driving without sunglasses.
Under certain circumstances, and if you are really unlucky, drivers who get in injury accidents while drunk may be executed. If you are caught drinking and driving just once, you will be fined, and will probably lose your drivers license for the rest of your life.
Thus, drunk driving has become very rare in China.
Gallery Price: $106.00
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Discounted Blemished
Gallery Price: $45.00
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text: Since launching in 1997, GigMasters has booked thousands of wedding singers for weddings from coast to coast. Our wedding singers are experienced, professional and above all else, talented. No matter where you are and what type of wedding you're planning, GigMasters makes it easy to find and hire a wedding singer. Say "I do" to wonderful wedding entertainment.


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While the separation seemed amicable when it happened, it sure has turned a little bit to the ugly side now.
Former 76er Andre Iguodala, traded this offseason to the Denver Nuggets as part of the deal that brought center Andrew Bynum to Philadelphia from Los Angeles, said in an interview with Matt Moore, a blogger with CBSSports.com that, among other things, his time here in Philadelphia was draining, particularly under the tutelage of Doug Collins, his coach for three seasons.
Iguodala said in the interview: "I haven't really enjoyed basketball a whole lot the last couple of years. Last year was a big year for us, but it was just draining for the criticism to be there every single day."
He also talked of past coaches, including Collins, not wanting him to shoot three pointers: ""So in Doug Collins' first year, I didn't shoot threes because he was like, 'I don't want you shooting threes, I don't want that shot.' Last year I said, 'I'm shooting it.' And what happened? Shot 38 percent from three, top-25 in the NBA from three and I'm supposed to be a non-shooter. You put so much work in and then to be told 'Don't do what you worked on all summer.'"
It is no secret that Sixers fans could never warm to Iguodala, whether it was because of his standoffish personality with them or that they perhaps unfairly expected more out of him. Whatever it was, it was pretty apparent that Collins tried to sell Iguodala to the fans and media throughout the season, calling him the best on-ball defender in the league, campaigning for Iguodala to make the All-Star team and all-defensive teams. Iguodala did make his first All-Star appearance last season while being named second-team all-defensive the prior season. Iguodala was on the USA team that won gold in the World Championships in 2011 and the Olympic Team that captured gold in London this summer.
"I didn't read anything but my feeling is that I had a wonderful two years with Dre," said Collins. "I think he made me a better coach. The thing that I feel great about is that in the two years together – before I took the job I fought long and hard to really talk to Jerry Colangelo and Coach (Mike) K (Krzyzewski) about having Dre on the (World) Championship team and what he would bring to that team. Our first year we were plus-14 wins (from the previous season) and he was second team all defense. Our next year we go to the 7th game of the conference semifinals, he goes to the All-Star team and wins a gold medal. So I feel great about our time together."
Iguodala and his new teammates will be the season-opening game for the Sixers on October 31 at the Wells Fargo Center. Seems the chance for him to get any kind of warm welcome has now been flushed.


text: Sijun Forums :: View topic - gas mask pic Log in to check your private messages Sijun Forums Forum Index >> Gallery/Finished Work View previous topic :: View next topic Author Topic : "gas mask pic" SporQmemberMember #Joined: 22 Sep 2000Posts: 639Location: Columbus, Ohio Posted: Tue Jan 02, 2001 4:14 pm i posted this in the gasmask thread, but was interested in crits/comments SporQ Back to top JezebelmemberMember #Joined: 02 Nov 2000Posts: 1940Location: Mesquite, TX, US Posted: Tue Jan 02, 2001 4:18 pm I liked this a whole lot when I saw it in the other thread, the perspective is really cool! =) However, you didn't give the guy much booty! It's like... completely flat Usually I'd say something about the shading with black, but I dunno... it almost seems to suit this pic pretty well. I likes :> -Beth ------------------ Take off your clothes. It's OK - I'm an artist. [url=http://div.dyndns.org/FOO!]http://div.dyndns.org/FOO![/url] http://div.dyndns.org/beth/photography Back to top Wyatt TurnermemberMember #Joined: 18 Oct 2000Posts: 501Location: Everett, WA, USA Posted: Tue Jan 02, 2001 4:19 pm Oh NO! another Gass mask. Hey it is a cool one though. the perspective is really cool. Makes it kinda freeky.. Little burry in some areas. OK y@ Back to top SporQmemberMember #Joined: 22 Sep 2000Posts: 639Location: Columbus, Ohio Posted: Tue Jan 02, 2001 5:46 pm thanks for the comments i tried to stick the booty out more before, but in this weird perspective, it looked massive maybe i could add some more shade/highlight, to make it look more round... i agree about the bluriness. i'm trying to learn the smudge tool effectively. when i see how it blurs ALL my edges though, i feel like just tossing it. dhab really uses it well. a question for you smudge pros... when you use it, do you have to spend alot of time going back over edges with a paintbrush, or does your control get good enough that you dont need to?? SporQ Back to top DthindmemberMember #Joined: 12 Dec 2000Posts: 436 Posted: Tue Jan 02, 2001 10:20 pm I like it, I can see it as real (if that makes any sense). Back to top Ghostjunior memberMember #Joined: 26 Nov 2000Posts: 4 Posted: Wed Jan 03, 2001 7:19 pm Hey SporQ! Well this is a little of topic, and you've probably never seen me before, but where in Columbus do you live? Are you attending CCAD? Heh, I'm not a stalker I swear! Again, I'm sorry for getting off topic, I would have e-mailed but you dont have one listed. Oh, I like your pic too. [This message has been edited by Ghost (edited January 03, 2001).] Back to top SporQmemberMember #Joined: 22 Sep 2000Posts: 639Location: Columbus, Ohio Posted: Wed Jan 03, 2001 8:36 pm hey ghost. i'm actually up in westerville, wehre are you? not going to CCAD. never been to art school, but i consider it about every 6 months SporQ (edit: my email should be visible now) [This message has been edited by SporQ (edited January 03, 2001).] Back to top Display posts from previous: All Posts1 Day7 Days2 Weeks1 Month3 Months6 Months1 Year Oldest FirstNewest First Sijun Forums Forum Index -> Gallery/Finished Work All times are GMT - 8 Hours Page 1 of 1 Jump to: Select a forum Digital Art----------------Digital Art DiscussionWork in ProgressGallery/Finished Work Miscellaneous----------------Random MusingsArchive : Sep99 - Dec00 You cannot post new topics in this forumYou cannot reply to topics in this forumYou cannot edit your posts in this forumYou cannot delete your posts in this forumYou cannot vote in polls in this forum Powered by phpBB © 2005 phpBB Group


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June 6 Central High School road race will benefit Boston bombing victims
June 04. 2013 10:27PM
MANCHESTER — The public is invited to participate Thursday in the 2-mile Central Runs Road Race, an event designed to raise money for One Fund Boston, the organization established to help victims of the Boston Marathon bombings.
The race will start 1:30 p.m. at Manchester High School Central, loop around the north end and return to the school.
Registration involves a minimum donation of $20. The public can run in the race or donate to fund the registration for a needy student, said Shelli Cook, a Central guidance counselor and co-adviser to the Central Key Club, which is sponsoring the race along with the Central Student Council.
"There are a lot of people at Central who had close ties to people running (in the Boston Marathon) that day," Cook said. "We just want to give back."
Cook said people interested in donating can contact her or Student Council advisor Kelly Fox at firstname.lastname@example.com, or email@example.com.
A registration table will be set up at 1 p.m. Thursday at the start of the race at Maple and Lowell streets. As of Tuesday morning, 125 students had signed up. Principal Ronald Mailhot and several teachers had made donations so students who could not afford the registration fee could run.


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[53] ETHERIC BODY (Vital Body)
(1) The life of the occult student is consciously lived in the world of energies. Those energies have always been present, for the whole of existence in all the kingdoms of nature, is manifested energy, but men are not aware of this. They are not conscious, for instance, when they succumb to irritation, and find themselves voicing that irritation in loud words or in angry thought that they are taking astral energy and using it. The use of this energy admits them with ease to a level of astral living which is not suitable for them; continual use of this energy brings about what the Master Morya has called "habits of residence which imperil the resident". It is when the aspirant recognises that he himself is composed of energy units - held in coherent expression by a still stronger energy, that of integration - that he begins consciously to work in a world of forces similarly composed; he then begins to use energy of a certain kind, and selectively, and takes one of the initial steps towards becoming a true occultist. This world of energy in which he lives and moves, and has his being, is the living, organised vehicle of manifestation of the planetary Logos. Through it energies are circulating all the time, and are in constant movement, being directed and controlled by the head centre of the planetary Logos; they create great vortices of force, or major points of tension throughout His body of manifestation. The Spiritual Hierarchy of our planet is such a vortex; Humanity itself is another, and one which is today in a condition of almost violent activity, owing to its becoming a focus of divine attention. (18 - 549/50).
(2) The work of the occultist and of the aspirant is to arrive at an understanding of these forces, and so learn their nature and their use, their potency [Page 108] and vibratory rate. He has also to learn to recognise their source and be able to differentiate between forces, energies and rays. For the beginner a clear distinction can be made between forces and energies by appreciating the fact that personalities affect us through the forces emanating from their form aspect, but that these same personalities, purified and aligned, can be transmitters of the energies of the soul. (4 - 291).
(3) Aspirants must learn that they are working with, and in, forces, and that right and wrong activity on the physical plane is due simply to a right or wrong direction of the force currents, and not to anything inherently wrong or right in the energies themselves. (4 - 297).
(4) All that is occurring is an evidence of energy and is expressive of force. That is the factor never to be forgotten. It is essential that you recognise them as existing. There is little that you, as individuals or groups, can do about them beyond seeing to it that there is nothing in you which could make you - unimportant as you may be - a focal point of hate, separation, fear, pride and other characteristics, which feed the fires which threaten to bring disaster to the world. Each of you can aid more than you can guess, through the regulation of thought and ideas, through the cultivation of a loving spirit, and through the general use of the Great Invocation, whereby these forces and energies - so sorely needed - can be invoked. (9 - 26).
(5) The disciple learns eventually to know himself to be, above everything else (whilst in incarnation) the director of forces: these he directs from the altitude of the divine Observer, and through the attainment of detachment. . . . These truths are, for you, only the platitudes of occultism, and yet, if you could but grasp the full significance of detachment, and stand serene as the observing Director, there would be no more waste motion, no more mistaken moves, and no more false interpretations, no wandering down bypaths of daily living, no seeing others through distorted and prejudiced vision, and - above all - no more misuse of force.
Again and again, down the ages, the Masters have told Their disciples (as I have told you) that the occultist works in the world of forces. All human beings live and move and express themselves in and through that same world of ever-moving, ever-impacting, outgoing and incoming energies. The occultist, however, works there; he becomes a conscious directing agent; he creates upon the physical plane that which he desires, and that which he desires is the pattern of things, and the design laid down upon the trestle board of the spiritual consciousness by the great divine Architect. (10 - 243/4).
(6) Man moves . . . in a whirlpool of forces of all types and qualities. [Page 109] He is composed of energies in every part of his manifested and unmanifested expression; he is, therefore, related to all other energies. (10 - 246).
(7) Energies and forces are pouring upon our system and our planetary lives ceaselessly, potently, and cyclically. Yet they are only regarded today as existing when definite response is invoked. They come from all kinds of sources, extraneous to our system and planetary schemes, but until man responds and registers them, both scientists and astrologers, fail to recognise them, and they are as if they were not. This is a point to bear in mind as I continue to teach you, for I may indicate some sources of active energy, which may as yet be unknown to you as playing upon our system and its contents. The difficulty will not be because of my inaccuracies, but will be owing to the lack of sensitivity in the mechanism of response which mankind and disciples are at present utilising. (16 - 198).
(8) All diseases - except those due to accidents, wounds resulting in infections, and epidemics - can in the last analysis be traced to some condition of the centres, and therefore to energy running wild, to energy overactive and misdirected, or insufficient and lacking altogether, or retained instead of used and transmuted into a higher corresponding centre of energy. (17 - 240/1).
(9) The energy and the forces constitute the sumtotal of all that is. This is another basic truism or platitude upon which the science of occultism is built, and which the healing art must recognise. There is, in manifestation, nothing else of any kind whatsoever. Disease itself is a form of active energy, demonstrating in forces which destroy or produce death. Therefore, if our basic premise is correct, disease is also a form of divine expression, for what we know to be evil is also the reverse side of that which we call good. Shall we belittle the subject or cause a false impression if we regard evil (at least as far as disease is concerned) as misplaced or maladjusted good? Will you misunderstand if I say that disease is energy which is not functioning as desired or according to plan? Inpouring energies are brought into relation with forces, and good health, strong and adequate forms and vital activity result; the same inpouring energies can, however, be brought into relation with the same forces, and a point of friction be set up, producing a diseased area, pain, suffering, and perhaps death. The energies and the forces remain of the same essentially divine nature, but the relationship established has produced the problem. If this sentence is studied it will be obvious that a definition such as that can be used to cover all forms of difficulty, and that the ultimate producer of the situation (either good or evil), is the relation-[Page 110] ship aspect. This statement is of major importance in all your thinking. (17 - 587/8).
(10) It must increasingly be borne in mind that there is nothing in the created world but energy in motion, and that every thought directs some aspects of that energy, though always within the sphere of influence of some greater thinking, directing energy. (17 - 631).
(11) We are on the verge of entering a new era in scientific unfoldment, owing to the discovery of how to release the energy of the atom. Not even the scientists responsible for the discovery have the faintest idea of the far-reaching effects of this momentous happening. From the angle of our subject and the theme of this volume, an entirely new language related to energy and force is already in the making; the use of the discovery in the handling of disease will, in almost the immediate future (from the occult angle) be regarded as little short of miraculous. (17 - 713).
(12) The effect of the impact of energy is dependent upon the nature of the vehicle of response. According to his equipment and the nature of his bodies, so will man react to the inflowing energies. (13 - 85).
(13) Due to the effort of countless thousands of men and women everywhere, energies hitherto unable to penetrate deeper in to substance than the hierarchical substance, and the levels of the higher mental plane can now, for the first time, be successfully anchored on dense physical levels, or at least upon etheric levels. This is a fact, and is far more important than you are perhaps able to appreciate. (13 - 659).
See also: "Esotericism", and (6 - 132/3, 374/5).
(1) Students would also do well to remember that the twelve constellations which constitute our particular zodiac, are themselves the recipients of many streams of energy coming to them from many sources. These blend and fuse with the energy of any particular constellation and - transmuted and "occultly refined" - eventually find their way into our solar system.
. . . The following is a list - incomplete but adequate for our purposes - of the major influences which find their way from far distant Sources into our planetary life, and produce definite effects upon individual man and humanity as a whole.
[Page 111]
1. The constellation of the Great Bear.
2. The Seven sisters of the Pleiades.
3. Sirius, the Dog Star.
1. The seven solar systems, of which ours is one.
2. the seven sacred planets, of which ours is not one.
3. The five non-sacred planets or "hidden" planets.
1. The seven planetary centres.
2. The seven centres of force in the human etheric body.
|1. The twelve zodiacal constellations.
We thus have a ninefold energy impact. This is a major chart, but it should be remembered that there are other impacts of relative insignificance.
To these would be added other streams of energy, which definitely play upon and affect our planetary life, such as those coming from that great star, Betelgeuse, or from Antares and other stupendous suns and solar systems, which are related to the constellations of the zodiac, and whose force reaches us through these constellations and not directly.
Besides these, it should be remembered that technically we should also add the radiatory influence which comes direct to us from the planet, the Earth, upon which we live. Then, and only then, can you have a fairly complete analysis and picture of the energies to which the etheric body of man (conditioning the physical body which is pre-eminently automatic and negative in its reactions) must and does ever respond. An understanding of that response, and the conscious intelligent control of individual reactions, are supremely necessary to man, but only become possible at a fairly advanced stage of development, and as he nears the Path, (technically understood). (16 - 13/5).
(2) The zodiacal, the systemic, and the planetary energies, act either as hindering or as stimulating forces, according to the type of vehicle or body upon which they play; the nature of these vehicles and their capacity to attract, to respond, to reject, to absorb, and to transmute, is entirely dependent upon the point in evolution attained, and also upon the general planetary condition and psychology to be found in the human family at any given time. (16 - 19).
(3) All the energies - zodiacal, systemic, and planetary - have a definite effect upon all the lives, in all forms, in all kingdoms of nature. Nothing can escape these radiatory and magnetic influences. The goal of evolution for humanity, is to become consciously and livingly aware of the nature of these energies, and begin to know them and to use them. This is
the field of occultism. (16 - 22/3).
[Page 112]
(4) I am not writing a treatise upon astrology, but one upon the seven rays and their equivalent and corresponding energies, upon the effects of ray energy, and the interplay of these energies with, and their effect upon, the various planetary forces, particularly those of the Earth. (16 - 27).
(5) We have perhaps emphasised almost to the point of bewilderment, the vast aggregation of impelling energies which play throughout our cosmos; individual man may well be stunned by a sense of his helplessness and his unique futility. But this is only due to the relatively undeveloped state of his "receiving apparatus". When thus bewildered, let him remember that potentially he possesses the creative ability to build, and gradually to develop a better mechanism of reception, which will enable him finally to be responsive to all impacts, and to every type of divine energy. This capacity is indestructible, and is itself a divine focus of energy, which must and will without fail, carry forward the good undertaken under the inspiration of the Great Architect of the Universe. (16 - 403/4).
(6) Keep in mind some words out of the ancient Archives, which are as follows:
"Energy is all there is, O Chela in the Light, but is not known. It is the cause of knowledge and its application, and its comprehension lead to expanded understanding.
"Through energy the worlds were made, and through that energy they make progression; through energy the forms unfold and die; through energy the kingdoms manifest and disappear below the threshold of the world which ever is, and which will be for ever.
"Through energy the Cross is mounted, and from the vortex of the four uniting forces, the initiate passes through the door, and is propelled into the Light - a light which grows from cycle unto cycle, and is known as supernal Energy Itself." (18 - 556).
(7) The keynotes upon which the occult philosophy is built, are:
1. There is naught in manifestation except organised energy.
2. Energy follows or conforms itself to thought.
3. The occultist works in energy and with energies. (13 - 674).
(8) The physical plane areas or localities which constitute the present modern exits of energies, through which directed energies can pass to carry out the creative process, are five in number: New York, London, Geneva, Darjeeling and Tokyo. These five form a five-pointed star of interlocking energies, symbolic of the major divisions of our modern civilisation. . . . At each one of these five centres one of the Masters will be found present, with His Ashram, and a vortex of spiritual forces will there be organised to [Page 113] hasten and materialise the plans of the Christ for the new and coming world cycle. (13 - 675).
(1) The basic approach for all who endeavour to grasp esotericism, or to teach esoteric students, is to lay the emphasis upon the world of energies and to recognise that behind all happenings in the world of phenomena (and by that I mean the three worlds of human evolution), exists the world of energies; these are of the greatest diversity and complexity, but all of them move and work under the Law of Cause and Effect . . .
The first task of the esotericist is to comprehend the nature of the energies which are seeking to condition him, and which work out into expression on the physical plane through the medium of his equipment, or his vehicle of manifestation. The esoteric student has, therefore, to grasp that:
(2) He is an aggregation of forces, inherited and conditioned by what he has been, plus a great antagonistic force which is not a principle, and which we call the physical body.
1. He is sensitive to and should be increasingly aware of certain energies, at present unknown and of no use to him; of these he must eventually become aware, if he is to move deeper into the world of hidden forces. They may be energies which, for him, would be evil were he to work with them, and these must be distinguished and discarded; there are others which he must learn to use, for they would prove beneficial and would increase his knowledge, and should therefore be regarded as good. Bear in mind, however, that energies per se are neither bad nor good. The Great White Lodge, our spiritual Hierarchy, and the Black Lodge employ the same universal energies, but with different motives and objectives; both groups are groups of trained esotericists.
The esotericist in training has, therefore:
1. To become aware of the nature of the forces which constitute his personality equipment, and which he himself magnetically brought into expression in the three worlds . . .
2. To become sensitive to the impelling energies of the soul, emanating from the higher mental levels. These seek to control the forces of the threefold man when a certain definite point in evolution is reached.
3. To recognise the conditioning energies in his environment, seeing them not as events or circumstances but as energy in action; by this means he learns [Page 114] to find his way behind the scene of outer happenings into the world of energies, seeking contact, and qualifying for the bringing about of certain activities. He thus acquires entrance into the world of meaning. Events, circumstances, happenings and physical phenomena of every kind, are simply symbols of what is occurring in the inner worlds, and it is into these worlds that the esotericist must enter as far as his perception permits; he will sequentially discover worlds which will call for his scientific penetration.
4. For the majority of aspirants, the Hierarchy itself remains an esoteric realm which demands discovery, and which will accept penetration. I am choosing my words with care in an effort to evoke esoteric response.
. . . The task is to train students in the recognition of energy and force; to discriminate between the various types of energy, both in relation to themselves and to world affairs, and to begin to relate that which is seen and experienced to that which is unseen, conditioning and determining. This is the esoteric task. (12 - 60/62).
Esotericism is the art of "bringing down to earth" those energies which emanate from the highest sources and there "grounding them" or anchoring them. (12 - 67).
(2) I would ask all esotericists to live redemptive lives, to unfold their innate mental sensitivity, and to work continuously with the meaning which is to be found behind all individual, community, national and world affairs. If this is done, then the light will suddenly and increasingly shine upon your ways. You can become light-bearers, knowing then that "in that light you will see Light" - and so will your fellowmen. (12 - 68).
(Vital Body)
(1) In the etheric body, which is an exact replica of its denser counterpart, we have the organ of active radiatory fire, and . . . the vehicle of prana. Its function is to store up the rays of radiatory light and heat which are secured from the sun, and to transmit them, via the spleen, to all parts of the physical body. . . . When the physical furnace burns brightly and when the fuel of the body (pranic rays) is adequately assimilated, the human frame will function as desired. (3 - 57).
(2) The etheric body is the mould of the physical body. . . . The etheric body is the archetype upon which the dense physical form is built, whether [Page 115]it is the form of a solar system, or of a human body in any one incarnation. . . . The etheric body is a web or network of fine interlacing channels, formed of matter of the four ethers, and built into a specific form. . . . These pranic emanations when focalised and received, react upon the dense matter which is built upon the etheric scaffolding and framework . . . This etheric web, during incarnation, forms a barrier between the physical and astral planes, which can only be transcended when consciousness is sufficiently developed to permit escape. . . . When a man has, through meditation and concentration, expanded his consciousness to a certain point, he is enabled to include the subtler planes, and to escape beyond the limits of the dividing web. (3 - 81/82).
(3) The etheric body is really a network of fine channels, which are the component parts of one interlacing fine cord . . . the silver cord. . . . The etheric web is composed of the intricate weaving of this vitalised cord. (3 - 98).
(4) Etheric congestion may lead to many forms of disease and of mental incompetence . . . one portion of the etheric body being congested may lead to the entire physical condition being upset, resulting in diverse complaints. (3 - 109).
(5) Remember always that in dealing with the etheric body we are dealing with physical matter. (3 - 111).
(6) The etheric body is the next aspect of the world substance to be studied by scientists and investigators. (4 - 76).
(7) The etheric body is composed of force currents, and in it are vital centres linked by lines of force with each other and with the nervous system of the physical man. Through these lines of force, it is connected also with the etheric body of the environing system . . .
The etheric body is vitalised and controlled by thought, and can (through thought) be brought into full functioning activity. This is done by right thinking and not by breathing exercises and holding the nose. When this is grasped, much dangerous practice will be avoided and people will come into a normal and safe control of that most potent instrument, the vital body. That this end may rapidly be consummated is my earnest wish. (4 - 77).
(8) It is through the etheric body that all the energies flow, whether emanating from the soul, or from the sun, or from a planet. (4 - 105).
(9) One of the principal objects of endeavour at the present time on the part of those whom you call the Elder Brothers of the race, is to stimulate, purify and co-ordinate the etheric body. This etheric body is not only the [Page 116] transmitter of prana, but is the medium for all the energies which we are considering. Its importance also lies in other directions:
a. Being of physical plane matter, literally, etheric consciousness is the next step ahead for the race. This will demonstrate at first as the ability to see etherically and to cognise etheric matter.
b. It is the field of exploration immediately ahead of the modern scientist. In ten years time, many medical practitioners will be recognizing it as a fact of nature.
c. Most of the diseases that the physical body suffers from at present, have their roots in the etheric body. There are few, if any, purely physical diseases. Disease has its source in astral and etheric conditions.
d. The etheric emanations of people can be great contaminators. In the purification, therefore, of this body lies the secret of a sweeter and saner humanity.
e. The secret of safe and sane clairvoyance and clairaudience depends upon the purification of the etheric vehicle. (4 - 372).
(10) When the man is on the Path of Discipleship and, therefore, upon the reversed wheel, leading to initiation, the etheric body becomes the transmitter of soul energy and not of personality force. (16 - 352).
(11) The etheric body is fundamentally the most important response apparatus which man possesses, producing not only the right functioning of the five senses, and consequently providing five major points of contact with the tangible world, but it also enables a man to register sensitively the subtler worlds, and, when energised and controlled by the soul, the spiritual realms stand wide open also.
The etheric body is a potent receiver of impressions, which are conveyed to the human consciousness through the medium of the awakened centres. There is, for instance, no true clairvoyance until either the solar plexus or the ajna centre is awakened. These transmitted impressions and information become the incentive whereby conscious activity is initiated. There are many words used to describe these forces and their actuating effects: such as impulses, incentives, influences, potencies, desires, aspirations, and many such terms which are only synonyms for force or energy, and thus convey the same general idea. All of these words refer to forms of activity of the etheric body, but only as the physical body registers them, and acts under their impression. The whole theme of motivating force is one of great interest.
The vastness of the subject is, however, so real that only little by little can humanity grasp the situation and come to the realisation that man is [Page 117] essentially (through his etheric body) an integral part of a great vibrant Whole; only in time will he learn that, through the processes of evolution, can he hope to register all the different areas of divine expression. Only when the etheric body is swept into activity under the influence and through the "impressed forces" of the soul, the mind, and temporarily, of the astral body, can man become aware of all the worlds, all phenomena, and all states of consciousness, and so achieve that omniscience which is the birthright of all the sons of God. (17 - 83/4).
(12) You are right in your belief that one can be perfectly healthy, but have little resistance to fatigue.
The principal factors in re-establishing or making a better etheric control are:
1. Sunshine.
2. Careful diet, with the emphasis upon the proteins and vitamins.
3. The avoidance of fatigue and worry.
Against all the above, at this time, climate, world conditions, environment, and our civilisation militate, and the individual has therefore to resign himself to a state of affairs which lies outside his individual control.
A normal, sane, regulated life is the best means for establishing a better measure of vitality. . . . You need to remember, however, that where there is a devitalised etheric body, and conditions are such that a re-establishment of a vital control seems difficult or impossible, there must be recognition of karmic limitations, and a willingness to submit to them and leave affairs to work themselves out. This particular life is not the only one there is. Frequently, therefore, in any particular incarnation, conditions cannot be changed, and are prolonged by inner rebellion and revolt. A disciple has to learn the lesson of going on, as the expression is, in spite of and not because of circumstances. (17 - 326/7).
(13) There are six major propositions which govern all consideration of the etheric body, and I would like to present them to students as a first step:
1. There is nothing in the manifested universe - solar, planetary or the various kingdoms in nature - which does not possess an energy form, subtle and intangible, yet substantial, which controls, governs and conditions the outer physical body. This is the etheric body.
2. This energy form - underlying the solar system, the planets, and all forms within their specific rings-pass-not - is itself conditioned and governed by the dominant solar or planetary energy, which ceaselessly and without break in time, creates it, changes and qualifies it. The etheric body is subject to ceaseless change. This, being true of the Macrocosm, is equally [Page 118] true of man, the microcosm, and - through the agency of humanity - will eventually and mysteriously prove true of all the subhuman kingdoms in nature. Of this, the animal kingdom and the vegetable kingdom are already evidence.
3. The etheric body is composed of interlocking and circulating lines of force, emanating from one or other, or from one or many, of the seven planes or areas of consciousness of our planetary Life.
4. These lines of energy, and this closely interlocking system of streams of force, are related to seven focal points or centres, to be found within the etheric body. These centres are related, each of them, to certain types of incoming energy. When the energy reaching the etheric body is not related to a particular centre, then that centre remains quiescent and unawakened; when it is related, and the centre is sensitive to its impact, then that centre becomes vibrant and receptive, and develops as a controlling factor in the life of the man on the physical plane.
5. The dense physical body, composed of atoms - each with its own individual life, light and activity - is held together by, and is expressive of the energies which compose the etheric body. These, as will be apparent, are of two natures:
a. The energies which form (through interlocked "lines of forceful energy") the underlying etheric body, as a whole and in relation to all physical forms. This form is qualified then by the general life and vitality of the plane on which the Dweller in the body functions, and therefore where his consciousness is normally focussed.
b. The particularised or specialised energies by which the individual (at this particular point in evolution, through the circumstances of his daily life and his heredity) chooses to govern his daily activities.
6. The etheric body has many centres of force, responsive to the manifold energies of our planetary Life, but we shall consider only the seven major centres which respond to the inflowing energies of the seven rays. All lesser centres are conditioned by the seven major centres; this is a point which students are apt to forget. It is here that knowledge of the egoic and of the personality rays is of prime usefulness.
It can be seen, therefore, how exceedingly important this subject of energy becomes, because it controls and makes the man what he is at any given moment, and likewise indicates the plane on which he should function, and the method whereby he should govern his environment, circumstances and relationships. . . . He will realise also that as his attitude, attainment and comprehension shift to ever higher levels, his etheric body [Page 119] will be constantly changing and responding to the newer energies. (11 - 142/4).