text:
Chinese consumption, long funds, strong demand and high oil prices are providing plenty of buoyancy for the cotton market as the season approaches. But there are many potential downers looming in the months ahead, according to three market analysts speaking at an Ag Market Network teleconference on the cotton market in March.
These include the effect of budget restraints on the farm bill, an excess of exportable world supply and the potential for another huge world crop.
According to O.A. Cleveland, economist and professor emeritus, Mississippi State University, China is using more and more cotton, but has announced that it will reduce imports and use more cotton out of storage.
"USDA indicated that China would draw down stocks an additional 1 million bales from (February). That caught us off guard, and I'm still having trouble accepting that."
He said local Chinese prices for the equivalent of the May contract are around 78 cents a pound, 25-cents higher than the U.S. price. "U.S. cotton would ship to China at a little over 60 cents a pound. That would still be a significant difference."
Cleveland added that if Chinese stocks were reduced another million bales, "that would drop them down to a 66-day carryover at the end of the year. That would be a substantial change in the market situation."
Cleveland said any new crop production difficulties in the United States or in China would skyrocket the market.
In the meantime, "We're going to have to pay particular attention to our exports to China. We are certainly on track to move 13.2 million bales. We've been selling 50,000 bales to 120,000 bales every week."
USDA projects Chinese consumption for 2004-05 at around 37.5 million bales, noted Cleveland. "But there is reason to believe that consumption could be 38.5 million to 39 million bales."
Cotton is also getting a boost from high chemical fiber prices due to high oil prices, noted Cleveland. "The price spread between an all-cotton, boy's T-shirt compared to one with a 50-50 blend is about $2.15 per shirt higher from a year ago, with the all-cotton shirt now below the cost of the blend. This is a clear indicator for increased demand for cotton, and we should see this continue."
Cleveland doesn't expect a significant change in U.S. carryover estimates of 7.1 million bales next year. "But we will draw down world supplies by 3 million bales. The attitude toward cotton prices is positive. That doesn't mean they're getting ready to take off. It means there is support in the market for December."
Cleveland believes December will trade from 59 cents to 64 cents on the high side and 47 cents to 50 cents on the bottom. "Carryover is going to remain a burden, but China will be a heavy buyer and will support the market. If we see Chinese crop problems, we could see prices move higher."
According to Texas A&M Extension economist Carl Anderson, U.S. cotton plantings will slip over 14 million acres in 2005, a little higher than USDA's estimate of 13.8 million acres. He disagrees with USDA's forecast for lower Texas acres. "I haven't talked to any producers in Lubbock who say they are going to plant less cotton than last year. So I'm going with last year's acreage for Texas."
Anderson said the world trade surplus and the potential for another huge world crop are troublesome for the market. "Carryover in the major exporting countries will be the largest since 2001, when the A Index dropped to 30 cents to 40 cents and December 2001 futures dropped to 28 cents.
"I don't think we're headed to those low levels, but we do have pipelines full of cotton. We have a world stocks-to-use ratio of about 44 percent. Historically, any carryover larger than 40 percent weighs heavily on the market."
Anderson believes the world cotton crop could be another big one in 2005-06, possibly around 109 million bales with a world use of 108 million bales.
"How much China consumes and produces will play a big part in how far this market moves. India is also a sleeping giant. They have the acres and their genetically modified seed has increased their yields by 50 percent. We have a lot of potential there and in Brazil and Australia."
"Keep an eye on the funds," Anderson said. "They turned bullish Jan. 7. So they've been net long (now about 3.8 million bales) for three months. It's been a good support under our market, along with strong demand and the weakening dollar in the world.
"But one day they're going to start selling. There's no way to figure out when they're going to turn, but it's very clear that when they start collecting profits, it's going to take this market down 3 cents to 5 cents, and that's going to take the edge off the opportunities to price this crop in the mid-50 cent range.
"Any move over 60 cents is a pricing opportunity," said Anderson.
There are unknowns the market must work through as well, according to Mike Stevens, Swiss Financial Services. "We have a huge influx of money from the funds — we've never had open interest like this. We also don't know how the WTO or budget restraints in regard to the farm bill are going to play out.
"We're also concerned about the trade flap between the administration and China. That does not bode well.
"It's a little easier to be bearish right now than bullish," Stevens said. "But every time this market has dropped, it's popped back up. If we get above 55 cents, it could trigger some big Chinese buying that could give us a run. But we should be careful about being bullish in July. We still have 7 million bales to move forward."
e-mail: [email protected]


text:
I am a 37 year old wondering if I have the time necessary not only complete a degree in law, but do so in a manner that secures me a position which would successfully pay off my debt within a time frame which would allow me to live on some of the money I earn. I have a 3.6 GPA in Economics. I have not taken the LSAT. Is it worth it? No family. Just me in need of a career change. All and any input is appreciated.
My questions is, what advice would you more experienced, or anyone with advice that would help, give to me in my current situation?

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Jeremy F. sent in a pointer to this piece at oreillynet.com, a transcript of everybody's friend Tim's talk entitled "Open Source: The Model for Collaboration in the Age of the Internet". The talk was delivered at Computers, Freedom and Privacy in Toronto last week. Besides being a good read, anyone who follows all the links in this piece and reads on will be pretty much up-to-date with many major open source goings-on.
Tim O'Reilly on Collaboration
LITA OSSIG@ALA meeting notes
as seen at the osdls site: "The Open Source Systems for Libraries Interest Group of LITA held its initial business meeting at ALA Midwinter in San Antonio, Texas, on Jan. 15 from 5:30 PM to 6:30 PM. 24 people were in attendance..." More info, including how to join the OSSIG listserv, is available here. Great turnout, but I guess Jeremy didn't bring his camera this time... :(
now playing: www.oss4lib.org
It's true; click on over and check out www.oss4lib.org. Everything should be working ok but let me know if anything seems broken.
Ahhh... :)
Chronicle and slashdot on LOCKSS
slashdot is running this story on the Highwire Press-led LOCKSS project for distributed long-term journal storage. The /. blurb references the months-old Chronicle piece on the topic. The LOCKSS page hasn't changed in a while... hope we see some source code and reports soon.
docster: instant document delivery
docster: instant document delivery
(c) April 2000 by Daniel Chudnov
You may reproduce this article in any format and for any purpose, but only in its entirety, including this statement.
Background: the attack of napster
Have you seen napster yet? If not, take a look. Napster is two things: one part distributed filesystem and one part global music copying tool. It works incredibly efficiently and is very easy for users.
A typical session with napster might go like this:
- sit at a fairly new computer with a decent net connection
- think of a song
- install a napster client (easy to find and do)
- connect and search for your song
- download your song (probably a 3-5Mb .mp3 file)
- install an mp3 player (easy to find and do)
- play your song
That's it. Do not go to the record store. Do not respond to the monthly selection. Look for what you want to hear, click, download, listen. And everybody's doing it. So many people are using napster, in fact, that several college campus network administrators are cutting out all napster traffic because the traffic is flooding their internet pipes.
Why is napster so successful? Because it's simple. Behind the scenes, it works quite simply also. You have mp3 files on your machine, and your machine is on the net. When you connect (usually by just starting your client application), the napster server knows what files are on your machine (if you tell it where to look). And the napster server knows what files are on the machines of the other two or three thousand people logged in at the same time. There's a song you want to hear? Search the napster server... it knows who has it, and napster will send you a copy of some other bloke's copy of that song.
Upon connecting to napster (usually late at night on weekends; the university I'm at doesn't allow napster traffic during business hours, a reasonable restriction), there are normally about 2,500 users logged in, and over 600,000 songs (files) available. Probably 80% of these files are duplicated at least once, and 20% probably account for 80% of the traffic and so on, but I've found some fairly obscure, groovy stuff. The key thing is that if I can think of a song, I can probably find it, even though napster applies no organizational scheme to its catalog of connected songs.
What of it?
The questions any librarian would ask at this point are obvious: "what about copyright?" and "doesn't it need to be organized?" The simple answer for question one is that while the napster folks state that they seek "to comply with applicable laws and regulations governing copyright," napster is widely used for making copies of songs in blatant violation of copyright. I know... I've done it. This doesn't seem to stop thousands of folks from using it; evidently folks aren't losing sleep over it. Napster is being sued, but the service hasn't been slowed at all yet. To put it simply, we all know that it's wrong, but somehow this is still-too-new for many people to dismiss as morally corrupt so therefore plenty of users remain.
(Note (2000-4-14): today the news broke about Metallica suing napster and my employer. Maybe it's time to post that Kirk Hammett pick I got at that 1989-7-4 Pine Knob show on ebay. :)
As for organization, it doesn't seem to matter. Nobody's organized a bit of it. Catalogers should turn red when seeing how poor (read: absent) the indexing is. 100% brute force, not even stop word removal and no clear record editing. Applying a few simple techniques to this problem would make searching for songs more reliable but not really any easier, because people are already mostly finding what they want to find and that's adequate for most. If you don't believe this, ask your nearest university network administrator.
And napster isn't just about music. As is well stated in this cnet article (and in this week's Nature, 13 April 2000, "Music software to come to genome aid?" by Declan Butler), this is a groundbreaking model of information delivery. It changes things. It's a killer app if ever there was one. The napster model shows that it's simple to share movies, music, anything that can live in a file on a connected box. All you need is a simple protocol and some clients that can speak that protocol. And fast net connections and big, cheap hard drives aren't going away anytime soon.
Some might wonder how napster is different from what the web already provides. The difference might seem minor, but cuts backwards through everything librarians know about giving people access to information. The difference is that while anybody can put anything up on the web and share it with friends, few people can provide the necessary overhead. Even if you can run a web server, for instance, a certain amount of centralized description or searching is still necessary (directory sites, search engines, etc.) before anyone can find your files.
With napster, however, you only have to be connected and willing to share your files. Napster does the rest by keeping track of what you've got so others can find it. You don't need to do anything to let thousands of other people copy files from your machine via napster.
So put aside security and copyright and organization concerns for a moment and consider... does this remind you of anything? Hmmm... I've got a song/movie/file that I've enjoyed and other people might like it too. Maybe other people have things I would enjoy. I wouldn't mind letting other people have my song/movie/file if I could also use theirs in return. This kind of cooperation could work. But how can I be sure that such cooperation would continue? And how would we organize it all?
Ever hear of a lending library?
Paper shall set you free
Funny how napster doesn't care about dublin core or MARC. It doesn't need a circulation module. It doesn't even matter what kind of computer you have, as long as you have a working client and decent bandwidth. Think of the implications of applying this model in our libraries. With all the advances in standardization of e-print archives and such (see the Open Archives initiative), we already have high hopes about the future of online publishing. With that solved, maybe the napster model could help us deal with our favorite legacy format: bound journals.
Have you ever worked in or near a busy InterLibrary Loan office? Do you know that sometimes we libraries photocopy and use Ariel to send the same document ten times in a month for patrons in other libraries? It seems terribly wrong that we've got to do this work over and over when we could just keep a copy on a hard drive, but we know well that the legal precedent today prevents us from creating such centralized storage. Heck, often we can't even fill an ILL request out of our already-digital ejournal collections because we sign restrictive licenses. So we have to go back to the stacks and photocopy and scan it through again instead of clickclickclicking to a lovely pdf for which we've paid so heftily.
But looking at napster, there's a key thing to consider about how its file sharing model might apply to document delivery. In napster, there is no centralized storage. In napster clients (gnapster, at least) users see from search results that there are listings of other users' copies of a song you want. You click to download. In the background napster echoes to its status line "requesting La Vida Loca from user hongkongfooey" and sometimes hongkongfooey says no... which is okay, too, because you can probably ask somebody else for it. When somebody (more precisely, their napster client, depending on how they've set their preferences, as napster doesn't wait for human approval if the right options are already set) okays a file transfer, they are giving you a copy, not napster.
In walks docster
Imagine all the researchers you know, with a new bibliographic management tool that combined file storage with a napster-like communications protocol -- docster. Instead of just citations, docster also stores the files themselves and retains a connection between the citation metadata and each corresponding file. Somewhere in the ether is a docster server to which those researchers connect. They're reading one of their articles, and they find a new reference they want to pull up. What to do? Just query docster for it. Docster will figure out who else among those connected has a copy of that article, and if it's found, requests and saves a copy for our friendly researcher.
Of course, we cannot do this. Libraries depend too much on copyright to attack the system so directly. But what if we focused instead on altering the napster model enough to make it explicitly copyright-compliant? After all, many cases of one researcher giving another a copy of an article are a fair use of that article. Fair use provides us with this possibility and it's not a giant leap to argue that perhaps coordinated copying through such a centralized server could constitute fair use, especially if docster didn't compete with commercial interests.
Well, it's still a big leap, but think of the benefits. Say there's an article from 1973 that's suddenly all the rage. It doesn't exist online yet, so a patron request comes to you from some other library, and you've got the journal, so you fill the request. But forty-eight other researchers want that article too. If that first patron uses docster, any of those other folks also using docster can just grab the file from the first requestor. If others don't use docster, they can request a copy from their local libraries, who -- I hope -- do use docster. Nobody has to go scan that article again, and suddenly there is redundant digital storage (see also LOCKSS).
Let the librarians librarize
Still, though, we're not doing enough to enforce copyright. Currently, a research library filling tens of thousands of document requests for its patrons per year makes copyright payments to the CCC when their fills demand. This system keeps publishers happy but keeps librarians chasing our collective tails. And even though systems like EFTS have automated even the copyright payment transfers, we're still continuing our massively parallel redundant (wasteful) copying and scanning efforts.
But because we're so good at making sure we make payments, we could leverage that structure within docster. We could federate the docster servers at the institutional (or consortial) level. For the several hundred or thousand researchers in a given field with a departmental library at a big institution, their docster requests go through their library. The requests, that is, not the files. It might look like this:
- Researcher A at institution X needs an article
- his docster client is configured to use the X University Library docster server
- X University Library docster server searches for his article at friendly other University docster servers
- Y University Library knows that local Researcher B has it
- Y University Library claims the request
- Y University Library tells Researcher B's docster client to send a copy to Researcher A
- Researcher A reads the article, applies to research, wins Nobel, donates winnings to X University.
In this transaction (which might take only a few seconds for queries and download time) both libraries know about the article being requested, but X Library can keep A's identity private. Likewise Y Library can keep B's identity private. Thus the transaction might consist of identification at the institutional level, ensuring the privacy of both parties. But if a copyright payment needs to be made, X Library can pass that through to EFTS for clearance and then charge Researcher A's grant number (assuming, of course, that Researcher A knowingly signed up for the service). Y Library didn't have to pull anything from the stacks, and Researcher B might have been cooking dinner through the whole thing. Neither library ever stored or transmitted a copy directly; rather they only determined who had a copy (Researcher B), and had a copy sent to the requestor (Researcher A).
And the paper publisher gets paid. Everybody's happy.
Concrete steps and benefits
The necessary infrastructure for making this work is mostly in place. There are variants of the napster protocol under development (see the cnet piece now if you didn't read it before ;), none of which would require significant modifications. Some sort of federation protocol would need to be established, but it wouldn't be any more complicated than the routing cell structure (target library priority lists) implemented for Docline. Docster client software would need to be integrated with bibliographic metadata, but that's an easy hack too.
To address security concerns, it might be necessary to carefully define the protocol so that it would not compromise any individual user's machine. Additionally some sort of basic certification authority might need to be used to verify the identities of source and target institutions. While these are not trivial tasks, there are well-known approaches to each.
Think of the time we would save, and the speed at which articles would move around. For any article that had ever been filled into the docster environment (and that still lives on a connected machine), there would be no more placing a request, verifying the cite, placing the order, claiming the order, pulling from stacks, copying, Arieling, Prosperoing, emailing, etc., not to mention all the logging and tracking we rekey when moving requests from one system to the next when we don't have an ILL automation system (and even if we do). Your happy researcher would just need to type in a search and -- hopefully -- download what she needs. If not, you or your neighborly peer library make the copy and send. Once. And nobody else has to again.
Indeed it is easy to imagine building some local search functions into docster clients to avoid even making a request whenever possible. A local fulltext holdings database might be queried first (through the help of something like jake), then a local OPAC for print holdings. If these steps fail, a request could be automatically broadcast, and any request that bounces due to bad data or lacking files could be corrected, rebroadcast, or sent through existing systems like OCLC, RLIN, or Docline, and then Ariel'd back and delivered through the local docster server. The next such request would hit the now docster-available file (if the first requestor keeps his machine online).
Why wouldn't researchers create workarounds and bypass the libraries altogether? Well, technically, they already can use napster-like services for this, and obviously there's nothing to stop them from doing so. But libraries would play several vital roles in this equation: first, our patrons trust us with private information because we've safeguarded their privacy carefully and reliably for years; second, libraries can provide many value-added services such as integrating docster searches with additional functions as described above; third, the clientele we serve (at least where I work, a medical library) includes researchers working on deadlines and clinical staff saving patients' lives. Many of these patrons are fortunate enough to not have to care about costs; they wouldn't think twice about paying a reasonable charge for immediate, accurate delivery of crucial information.
Beyond the fact that building EFTS payments into this model would help our accounting procedures become even more automated, consider the copyright question one more time. As docster grows, more and more articles would be fed into the system. Some of those articles will be old. Some will even be old enough to qualify as public domain. As each year passes, a slew of articles will pass into such exalted status. For these public domain articles, nobody has to do any accounting at all.
Put this together with today's increasingly online publishing, and a window begins to close -- the window between today's e-prints (which will increasingly follow the open archives specifications and be accordingly easy to access) and yesterday's older print archives (which will increasingly be public domain). In between is a growing pool of documents available through docster, instantly accessible within complete compliance of (read: payment for) copyright.
It certainly wouldn't take very long to construct and conduct a limited trial. If we approach docster from day one as a good faith effort to comply with copyright while creating efficiences, we might be challenged by publishers but we'll at least have a good case going for us that we're not taking any money away. And best of all, we'd certainly have our patrons on our side. In all likelihood, the amount of revenues publishers would receive would probably increase significantly. Any librarian will tell you that the minute access gets easier, more people want access.
Think it through. I'll say it again: if you still don't believe this can happen, ask your nearest network administrator about napster traffic.
I am very grateful to KB, AB, MW, RKM, RMS, MG, AO, and KP for their insight and feedback on early drafts, and in particular to JS for allowing me to test this idea out in public and on an unsuspecting crowd. -dc
Open Source Library Systems: Getting Started
Open Source Library Systems: Getting Started
(c) 1999 by Dan Chudnov
note: a significantly edited version of this article appeared in the August 1, 1999 issue of Library Journal. You might prefer their edited version to this version. You are free to reproduce the text of this version for any purpose and in any format, provided that you reproduce it in its entirety (including this notice) and refer to the url from which it is available: http://oss4lib.org/readings/oss4lib-getting-started.php
The biggest news in the software industry in recent months is open source. Every week in the technology news we can read about IBM or Oracle or Netscape or Corel announcing plans to release flagship products as open source or a version of these products that runs on an open source operating system such as Linux. In its defense against the Department of Justice, Microsoft has pointed to Linux and its growing market share as evidence that Microsoft cannot exert unfair monopoly power over the software industry. Dozens of new open source products along with regular news of upgrades, bug fixes, and innovative new features for these products are announced every day at web sites followed by thousands.
The vibe these related events and activities send out is one of fundamental change in the software industry, change that alters the rules of how to make software--and how to make money selling software. What is all the noise about, and what does it mean for libraries?
Open Source: What it is and Why it Works
If you've ever used the internet, you've used open source software. Many of the servers and applications running on machines throughout the wired world rely on software created using the open source process. Examples of such software are Apache, the most widely used web server in the world, and sendmail, "the backbone of the Internet's email server hardware." [TOR] Open source means several things:
- Open source software is typically created and maintained by developers crossing institutional and national boundaries, collaborating by using internet-based communications and development tools;
- Products are typically a certain kind of "free", often through a license that specifies that applications and source code (the programming instructions written to create the applications) are free to use, modify, and redistribute as long as all uses, modifications, and redistributions are similarly licensed; [GPL]
- Successful applications tend to be developed more quickly and with better responsiveness to the needs of users who can readily use and evaluate open source applications because they are free;
- Quality, not profit, drives open source developers who take personal pride in seeing their working solutions adopted;
- Intellectual property rights to open source software belong to everyone who helps build it or simply uses it, not just the vendor or institution who created or sold the software.
More succinctly, from the definition at www.opensource.org:
"Open source promotes software reliability and quality by supporting independent peer review and rapid evolution of source code. To be certified as open source, the license of a program must guarantee the right to read, redistribute, modify, and use it freely." [OSS]
Software peer review is much like the peer review process in research. Peer review bestows a degree of validity upon the quality of research. Publications with a high "trust factor" contribute ideas in published works to the knowledge base of the entire communities they serve.
It is the same for software. As described in the seminal open source work, "The Cathedral and the Bazaar" by Eric Raymond, author of the popular email program fetchmail, the debugging process can move faster when more individuals have both access to code and an environment in which constructive criticism is roundly welcomed. [ER] This leads to extremely rapid improvements in software and a growing sense of community ownership of an open source application. The feeling of community ownership strengthens over time because each new participant in the evolution of a particular application-- as a programmer, tester, or user--adds their own sense of ownership to the growing community pool because they are truly owners of the software. This community effect seems similar to the network effect seen across the internet, whereby each additional internet user adds value to all the other users (simply because each new user means there are more people with whom everyone else might communicate). For open source products which grow to be viable alternatives to closed-source vendor offerings, this growing community ownership begins to exert pressure on the vendors to join in. [NYT]
This tendency shares a striking similarity to the economic value of libraries. A library gives any individual member of the community it serves access to a far richer range of materials than what that individual might gather alone. At an extremely low marginal cost to each citizen expensive reference works, new hardcover texts, old journals, historical documents and even meeting rooms might be available through a local library. The library building, its collections, and its staff are infrastructure. This infrastructure serves as a kind of community monopoly in a local market for the provision of information. Instead of reaping monopoly profits for financial gain, however, a library returns the benefits of its monopoly to individual users. The costs of maintaining this monopoly are borne by the very community which holds the monopoly. To the extent which this model works in a given community, a library is a natural yet amenable monopolistic force. If this sounds mistaken, consider whether your community has libraries which compete or cooperate.
Library Software Today
No software is perfect. Office suites and image editors are pretty good; missile defense systems are, for all we know, appropriately effective; search engines could use improvement but usually get the job done. While there is constant innovation in library software, for many of us online catalog systems mean a clunky old text interface that often is less effective than browsing stacks. Often, this is due to the obstacles we face in managing legacy systems; new systems might be vastly improved, but we are slow to upgrade when we consider the costs of migrating data, staff retraining, systems support, and on and on. Sometimes, new versions of systems we currently use are just not good enough to warrant making a switch.
This is not surprising. The library community is largely made up of not-for-profit, publicly funded agencies which hardly command a major voice in today's high tech information industry. As such, there is not an enormous market niche for software vendors to fill our small demand for systems. Indeed the 1997 estimated library systems revenue was only $470 million, with the largest vendor earning $60 million. [BBP] Because even the most successful vendors are very small relative to the Microsofts of this world (and because libraries cannot compete against industry salary levels), there are relatively few software developers available to build library applications, and therefore a relatively small community pool of software talent.
What are we left with? Some good systems, some bad. Few systems truly serve the access needs of all of our users, failing to meet a goal--access for everyone--that most public libraries strive to achieve at more fundamental levels of service. Because libraries are community resources, we tend to be quite liberal about intellectual and physical access issues, including support of freedom of speech and ADA-related physical plant modifications. At the same time, librarians are very conservative about collections and data (remember the difficult issues when you last weeded?). Is it not odd, then, that market forces lead us to be extremely conservative about online systems software? After all, online systems are no less about access to information than having an auto-open front door or an elevator in a library building.
We read of exciting technological innovations in library-related systems. Innovations in advanced user interfaces and metadata-enabled retrieval environments and other areas have the potential to make online access more and more seamless and easy to use. Our systems, though, are too old--or not standardized enough, or too familiar to change--to take advantage of these advances. And creative ideas from exciting research seems not to make headway in real systems.
Libraries, if they indeed hold the kind of community monopoly described above, might do well to enhance their services by leveraging community-owned information systems--which open source seems to promise.
Open Source and Libraries
How could open source improve library services? First, open source systems, when licensed in the typical "general license" manner, cost nothing (or next to nothing) to use--whether they have one or one thousand users. Although the costs of implementing and supporting the systems on which software runs might not change, imagine removing the purchase price of a new search interface (or ILL tool, or circulation module, etc.) from your budget for next year. Rather than spending thousands on systems, such funds might be reallocated for training, hiring, or support needs, areas where libraries tend toward chronic shortfalls.
Second, open source product support is not locked in to a single vendor. The community of developers for a particular open source product tends to be a powerful support structure for Linux and other products because of the pride in ownership described above. Also, anyone can go into business to provide support for software for which the very source code is freely available. Thus even if a library buys an open source system from one vendor, it might choose down the road to buy technical support from another company--or to arrange for technical support from a third-party at the time of purchase. On top of this flexibility, any library with technical staff capable of understanding source code might find that its own staff might provide better internal support because the staff could have a better understanding of how the systems work.
Third, the entire library community might share the responsibility of solving information systems accessibility issues. Few systems vendors make a profit by focusing their products on serving the needs of users who cannot operate in the windows/icons/menus/pointer world. If developers building systems for the vision impaired and other user groups requiring alternative access environments were to cooperate on creating a shared base of user interfaces, these shared solutions might be freely built into systems around the world far more rapidly and successfully than ever before.
A Three-Step Process
If you are still reading, you probably suspect something here might be a good idea. You might even want to help make ideas discussed above happen. Where to begin?
Understand the Phenomenon
Axiomatic business notions have shown weaknesses throughout the information age; the utility of the internet for knowledge sharing demanded rethinking of what constitutes an information product. If nothing else, it is important for the international community of librarians to understand the open source phenomenon as part of the technology-driven shift in our understanding of the nature of information. Because the ethos and style of the open source initiative is so akin to the traditions of librarianship we hold at the core of our professionalism, we should find within open source the appropriate points of entry for the similar service and resource-sharing objectives we choose to achieve every day.
The seminal works on open source are mostly technical, but they provide an envigorating view of the current state of software engineering. All are available on the internet, and they form a core of knowledge that might one day be fundamental to our discipline. "The Cathedral and the Bazaar," by Eric Raymond [ER], is widely cited as the pivotal tome describing the technical and social processes open source entails. "The Open-Source Revolution," by Tim O'Reilly [TOR], founder of O'Reilly and Associates, Inc., a highly respected publisher of pragmatic computer-related titles, gives a broader view of the social phenomenon, in particular relating open source software development to the scientific method. Finally, www.opensource.org is a central point of focus for the Open Source Initiative. It is led in part by Mr. Raymond and appeals to both the technical and non-technical sides of the community.
To foster communication regarding open source systems in libraries, we have created a web site, www.med.yale.edu/library/oss4lib, and a listserv, email@example.com. They are intended as forums for announcement, discussion, and sharing of broad information; look for instructions on how to join the list along with a list of current open source projects for libraries the oss4lib site.
Use Open Source Systems Where You Are
Armed with understanding, we can find opportunities to leverage existing open source systems in our own institutions. The Linux operating system [LINUX], Apache web server [APACHE], and MySQL database [MYSQL] form a powerful, free platform for building online systems. Consider the value of these and other open source systems when making design and purchase decisions at your institution; you might find tremendous savings and increased product performance at the same time.
Beyond merely using open source products, however, we must create them. Are you already working on any new applications at your institution? Perhaps you've put a year or two into a homegrown search interface, or an online reference services tool, or a data model and retrieval code for an image archive. Is there a good reason why you wouldn't want to share that work? For those of you who realize that someone else might benefit from what you've done--and that you might benefit from the ability to share in the work of others--consider thoroughly the implications of releasing your code under an open source license. [FH] If the benefits outweigh the negatives, get started sanitizing and documenting your code as well as you can, and set it free.
Another ideal opportunity at this stage is for library and information science researchers to open their projects up for the entire community to review and develop as appropriate. Grant-funded systems builders might find an afterlife for their work by releasing their source. Faculty might design courses around building a retrieval system or improving an existing open source tool. Indeed this model is already widely used by computer science professors--at Yale, for instance, undergraduate students might work on aspects of the Linux kernel in their Operating Systems course.
Grow the Phenomenon
As the library community moves in this direction, there will be many roles for individuals in our profession to fill. Most visible is application development; there is a major need for software engineering resources to be devoted to creating community-owned library systems. This does not in any way marginalize those of us who are not programmers or database administrators. In the open source community there exists a tremendous need for exactly the skills librarians have always used in making information resources truly useful. In particular, systems testing, evaluation, and feedback to open source designers is welcome and even sought after; documentation for open source systems is always needing improvement; instructional materials for open source products are often lacking. These are all areas in which librarians excel. For the more technically minded among us, www.freshmeat.net provides constant updates and announcements of general open source projects replete with contact information for those wishing to participate. For all of us, the oss4lib listserv and website will highlight additional library-specific opportunities as they come around.
Playing a role in the larger open source community will strengthen our ability as professionals and service providers to understand how best to shape our own systems. Additionally, it might make significant inroads in demonstrating how the ethics and practice of librarianship is more vital to the movement of information than ever before. As the software industry shifts to appropriately incorporate open source models, systems in other industries might even grow to utilize products the library community creates.
An argument I have already heard against these ideas is based on experience: "We tried building our own OPAC in the eighties--it was an impossible project and we gave it up after a few years because it just cost too much." In 1999, however, we know that the internet has changed the landscape. Because it is so very easy to share ideas and software and code using the internet, software developers have already found that the old way of doing things--particularly building monolithic homegrown systems in our own institutions--makes no sense anymore. As the open source vision and culture continue to mature, librarians would be remiss not to find our profession playing a major role in that culture. For all we have done so far, our online systems are not good enough yet. We can do better.
[APACHE]Apache Server Project
[BBP] Barry, J, Bilal D, and Penniman WD. "The Competitive Struggle," Library Journal, April 1, 1998, p. 43.
[ER] Raymond, ES. "The Cathedral and the Bazaar"
[FH] Hecker, F. "Setting up Shop: The Business of Open-Source Software," Aug 3, 1998. [MS] Microsoft analysis of open source
[GPL]GNU General Public License
[LINUX]Linux Online
[MYSQL]MySQL Home Page
[NYT] Harmon, A and Markoff J. "Internal Memo Shows Microsoft Executives' Concern Over Free Software", New York Times, November 3, 1998, Sect. C, pg. 8, col. 1.
[OSS]Open Source Initiative Home


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MIDDLEBURY — A hospital can be an intimidating and foreboding place for those who first cross the threshold looking for a sick loved one somewhere in a veritable honeycomb of rooms.
Porter Hospital is no impersonal honeycomb, but visitors can still be anxious — until they see Mary Baker. It is then that furrowed brows become less crinkled and destinations become more clear as Baker smiles reassuringly, issues a warm welcome and asks if she can help.
And she invariably can.


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J. Oscar Lee and S. Garry Oniki draft a memorandum to outline the purpose, function and program emphases for the General Committee for the Department of Racial and Cultural Relations sponsored by the National Council of Churches.
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PORTLAND, Ore. (AP) — Have you ever been the victim of a terrorist attack? Are you familiar with FBI terrorism sting operations? Were you among the thousands of people at a 2010 Oregon Christmas tree-lighting ceremony?
These were among the questions posed to more than 80 prospective jurors at the federal terrorism trial of Mohamed Mohamud, who is accused of trying to detonate a 1,800-pound bomb at the tree lighting in November 2010. The bomb was a fake, provided by undercover FBI agents.
The trial is expected to feature, at some point, the testimony of the two men whom Mohamud thought were his jihadist co-conspirators.
They were in fact undercover FBI agents tasked with leading the sting of Mohamud that led to his November 2010 arrest. When they testify, the two men will be allowed to wear disguises when they enter and leave the courthouse, and the public will have to watch their testimony via a closed-circuit video feed.
When informants connected to the case are on the stand, their faces will not be shown on closed-circuit TV but their voices will be heard.
The U.S. Department of Justice alleges Mohamud intended to kill thousands when he pushed a button on a cellphone that he thought would detonate a 1,800-pound bomb. The bomb was a fake, and Mohamud was arrested moments later, shouting "God is great" in Arabic, according to the FBI affidavit.
Mohamud's defense team has suggested in court documents that it will pursue an entrapment defense.
Thursday morning's jury selection took place in a city that has an unusual relationship with federal law enforcement.
A range of incidents set the tone immediately after 9/11, when the Portland Police Bureau refused a Justice Department directive to interview Middle Eastern immigrants, citing Oregon civil-rights protections.
Next, the case of Brandon Mayfield, an Oregon attorney erroneously linked to the 2004 Madrid train bombings after intense FBI surveillance yielded a false match to a fingerprint on a bag containing detonating devices.
The federal government formally apologized and reached a $2 million settlement with Mayfield. The next year, Portland cited civil rights concerns when it withdrew from an information-sharing task force that paired local police with the FBI, becoming the first major city to do so.
Most recently, a Muslim civil rights group demanded an investigation into the Portland FBI, who stopped two Oregon Muslims visiting the Middle East and questioned them about their religious beliefs.
Prospective jurors gave U.S. District Court Judge Garr King an earful Thursday morning as several of them said they could not be objective about the case.
"(Mohamud) would have had a very hard time doing this if it weren't for the FBI," one prospective male juror told King. "I don't agree with the prosecution, I don't agree with the way this was done."
That man was dismissed from jury duty, as was a woman who said she could see from the attorneys assembled that the prosecution had more power and money than Mohamud's defense team.
"I can see they have more resources than the defense," she said. "I have very strong ethical and philosophical feelings about this."
Others who complained about upcoming honeymoons, no-refund airfare to attend the presidential inauguration and a rabbi with two funerals scheduled for Friday were each told they had to stay.
Jury selection began with 85 people on Thursday, and is expected to last until at least the end of the week.


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1 cup all-purpose flour
1 tablespoon sugar
2 teaspoons baking powder
1/4 teaspoon salt (*see recipe tips)
1/2 tablespoon garlic salt (*see recipe tips)
1/4 cup cold butter, cubed
1 cup grated cheddar cheese
1/2 cup milk
Preheat oven to 400 degrees. Grease mini muffin tin. In large bowl, mix all dry ingredients to combine. Cut cold butter into flour mixture until coarse. Stir in grated cheese and all milk. Mix until all ingredients are moist and flour is absorbed. Using small cookie scoop, drop dough into prepared muffin tin. You should get close to 20 mini cheese puffs. Bake 8-10 minutes or until sides are browned and tops are starting to brown. Cool 5 minutes and remove from tins. Serve warm.
Recips TIPS:
*You can use garlic powder in place of the garlic salt, however, you will want to increase the salt to 1-1 1/2 teaspoons(I'd advice you to use no more than 1 teaspoon).
These things are seriously awesome and so incredibly easy to make. I've made them several nights in the past few weeks.


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Trial dates set for pair in child abuse caseJAMES A. KIMBLE
Union Leader Correspondent
February 06. 2013 9:09PM
BRENTWOOD - Trial dates have been set for a Plaistow couple charged with abusing and endangering a 3-year-old boy, who suffered a traumatic brain injury after days of being beaten and burned over the course of two weeks in November, according to prosecutors.
Roland Dow, 27, is expected to go on trial in the week of April 29 on eight charges, including first- and second-degree assault.
The boy's mother, Jessica Linscott, 23, is scheduled for trial on June 3. She faces six misdemeanor counts of endangering the welfare of a child.
A judge in Rockingham County Superior Court recently met with lawyers and set out a trial schedule for the two cases.
Prosecutors say Dow had beaten and burned 3-year-old James Nicholson between Nov. 1 and 16 while his mother did nothing to report the injuries to her child.
Dow and Linscott went on the run after leaving James Nicholson at Exeter Hospital on Nov. 14. Doctors concluded the injuries were the result of abuse, and called police.
Court documents say that a plea offer has already been made to Linscott, but the details have not been made public.
A plea offer is expected from Dow by March 8, court records say.
Dow faces 30 to 90 years in state prison if he is convicted of all charges at trial. Linscott could face up to six years in state prison for allegedly failing to take action as her son suffered seizures and other symptoms following what prosecutors believe was a pattern of abuse that happened between Nov. 1 and 14, according to indictments.
The six misdemeanor charges she faces are punishable by up to a year in county jail and a $2,000 fine.
Nicholson suffered a traumatic brain injury that caused protracted impairment to his vision along with burns to his wrist and fingers, according to indictments.
He was released from Children's Hospital at Dartmouth in Lebanon late last year.
Dow and Linscott remained on the run for two weeks before being apprehended at Universal Studios in Orlando, Fla. by U.S. Marshals.
Dow is being held on $500,000 bail at the county jail. Jessica Linscott was ordered held on $100,000 bail.
The couple pleaded not guilty to the charges at their arraignment in 10th Circuit Court in Plaistow on Dec. 3.


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High Growth Industry Profile - Geospatial Technology
- Revenues from the public sector lead geospatial market growth and account for more than one-third of total revenue. While federal governments were among the early adopters of GIS technology, recent trends toward devolving more responsibilities to states and localities have spurred those entities to become important consumers of GIS. While industries in the regulated sector, such as utilities, telecommunications, transportation and education, are the largest consumers of GIS/geospatial solutions, private-sector growth remains dependent upon business adoption based on the added-value these technologies provide. (Daratech, GIS/Geospatial Markets and Opportunities)
- Geospatial products and specialists are expected to play a large role in homeland security activities. Information gathering needs to protect critical infrastructure have resulted in an enormous increase in the demand for such skills and jobs. (Lorraine Castro, NIMA Human Resources Department)
- Because the uses for geospatial technology are so widespread and diverse, the market is growing at an annual rate of almost 35 percent, with the commercial subsection of the market expanding at the rate of 100 percent each year. (Geospatial Information & Technology Association)
Skills, Competencies, and Training
- Emerging occupations within the geospatial technology industry require developing competency models for new applications of geospatial technology. Aligning training in geospatial applications with industry developed competency models is essential to developing the necessary pipeline of skilled workers. This approach is necessary for preparing entry-level workers with basic skills to ensure career success.
- Increasing demand for readily available, consistent, accurate, complete and current geographic information and the widespread availability and use of advanced technologies offer great job opportunities for people with many different talents and educational backgrounds. (U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)
Image and Outreach to the Public
- The public is not aware of the necessary skill sets and competencies needed to prepare for the diverse career opportunities available within the geospatial technology industry. Reaching an industry-wide consensus that defines "geospatial," its technologies and its applications is of utmost importance. There is also a need for better industry promotion by creating a national image campaign that raises awareness about the industry and dispels stereotypes and misperceptions.
- In order to meet industry growth requirements employers need to examine alternatives to the traditional pipeline. These alternatives include recruiting young workers through apprenticeship and high school/college dual-enrollment-dual-credit agreements as well as tapping nontraditional labor pools to diversify the workforce.
(Source: ASPRS: The Imaging and Geospatial Information Society)
- College preparatory courses that emphasize the sciences are suggested for individuals interested in pursuing careers in photogrammetry, remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS).
- For individuals who do not wish to pursue an advanced degree, there is a substantial demand for technicians in geospatial information technology. Many 2-year academic and technical institutions offer education and training in photogrammetry, remote sensing and GIS and related fields. Associate degree and certificate programs in GIS, surveying, photogrammetry and similar curricula provide a sound foundation for work experience or for transfer to other academic institutions for further education.
- It is highly recommended that any individual wishing to pursue a career in photogrammetry, remote sensing and GIS participate in an internship program to obtain hands-on experience as part of their preparation for employment, in addition to formal education.
In June 2003, ETA announced the High Growth Job Training Initiative to engage businesses with local education providers and the local/regional workforce investment system to find solutions that address changing talent development needs in various industries.
In October 2005, the Community-Based Job Training Grants were announced to improve the role of community colleges in providing affordable, flexible and accessible education for the nation's workforce.
ETA is investing more than $260 million in 26 different regions across the United States in support of the WIRED (Workforce Innovation in Regional Economic Development) Initiative. Through WIRED, local leaders design and implement strategic approaches to regional economic development and job growth. WIRED focuses on catalyzing the creation of high skill, high wage opportunities for American workers through an integrated approach to economic and talent development.
These initiatives reinforce ETA's commitment to transform the workforce system through engaging business, education, state and local governments, and other federal agencies with the goal of creating a skilled workforce to meet the dynamic needs of today's economy.
ETA has invested over $8,367,110 in the geospatial industry. This includes six High Growth Job Training Initiative grants totaling $6,438,653 and one multi-industry Community-Based Job Training Grant totaling $1,928,457. Leveraged resources from all of the grantees total $7,132,543.
For additional background information about the industry and details on the grants, information about employment and training opportunities and workforce development tools for employers, educators and workforce professionals, please visit: https://www.doleta.gov/business/, www.careeronestop.org, and www.workforce3one.org.
The term "geospatial industry" is not all-inclusive. It may refer to mapmakers, academics and others engaged in such activities.


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APS invites you to share your experience at the annual meeting while it is happening via Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube.
Twitter - A special hashtag for the 2012 Annual Meeting has been created: #APS12. Use it in your tweets so we can easily find you and read what you have to say. Search the special hashtag to find out what other people are saying about the meeting. Also, watch for Tweets live from the meeting at http://twitter.com/plantdisease.
Facebook - Join the APS Facebook group so you can upload your photos from the meeting and communicate with other attendees in Providence.
YouTube - A new term will be created as the date nears, so you can add it in the title of any video from the meeting and upload it to YouTube. We'll find it and add it as a favorite to the APS YouTube Channel.


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- TG-03 Blast Off
- TG-04 Vortex
- TG-05 Brawl
- TG-06 Swindle
- TG-07 Onslaught
These figures offer yet another take on Fall of Cybertron Combaticons, this time with Takara Tomy's signature shiny metallic finish. Check out the images mirrored below.
Seibertron.com - The Ultimate Transformers Fansite
Henry921 wrote:You can always be counted on to listen to reason, Pryme.
Dead Metal wrote:Have you ever, and i mean ever seen/read/heard something that is completely original and does not copy/homage/pay tribute to something else? Here's a hint: Nope. You never have and you never will.
fenrir72 wrote:Appreciate the eye bleeding numbness If only MP Soundwave wasn't in the pipeline. Oh, how come Blast off and Vortex aren't in the their original toy colors? If that was implemented now that would cause not do this.........
Henry921 wrote:I concur, the set is awesome but not $200 awesome. Somje of that is probably import fees to consider, but when I paid $60 for the BBTS exclusive and $108 for the Comic Con exclusive, I figure I'm set. Maybe one of the stores will discount it someday... might be willing to indulge for $135-150 for those (mostly) pretty colors.
Anyone else notice they put the wrong Vortex arm on the retail Bruticus?
Return to Transformers Toys Discussion
Registered users: Autobot N, Bing [Bot], chuckdawg1999, Cobotron, deceptispoon, Google [Bot], Google Adsense [Bot], Patrickab7, Sabrblade, Servant of Light, Sigma Magnus, SureShot18, TF-fan kev777, Yahoo [Bot]


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From Government Linked Data (GLD) Working Group Wiki
Agenda GLD-WG telecon 8 September 2011
Thursdays 14:00-15:00 UTC (10:00-11:00 Boston, 7:00-8:00 San Francisco, 15:00-16:00 London, 16:00-17:00 Paris) Teleconferences (official participants and invited guests only): Zakim Bridge +1.617.761.6200, or sip:firstname.lastname@example.com then conference code 45394# ("GLDWG") IRC channel: #gld on irc.w3.org on port 6665 An agenda is sent 24 hours in advance; minutes follow within a day or two.
Resources: Zakim instructions: http://www.w3.org/2001/12/zakim-irc-bot.html RRSAgent instructions: http://www.w3.org/2002/03/RRSAgent Scribe info GLD WG public mailing list: http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-gld-wg/2011Jul/
Main Page for GLD Working Group
- Chair: George Thomas
- Scribe: Maria Jesus Fernandez Ruiz is slated to scribe (see GLD Mtg Scribes).
- Alternate: Professor Asunción Gómez Pérez
This is our seventh telecon.
The agenda for this meeting will be:
- Preliminary items (~15 minutes):
- Confirm chat agents in room /invite RSSAgent
- Scribe present (see Minutes Publishing How To)
- New Member Introductions
- Who's present?
- Confirm everyone access the GLD-listserv?
- Confirm everyone access the Wiki pages?
- Proposal to accept the minutes from the 8-18 meeting (404?)
- Proposal to accept the minutes from the 9-01 meeting
- Check with Benedikt as to why the auto-minutes annotations aren't working (?)
- Review Tracker Actions, Issues
- Announcements
- Standards, Events, Products, etc.
- Poll for next F2F at DERI, Galway Ireland in January 2012.
- Follow-ups from last weeks discussion of F2F planning - actions?
- Review of 3 core Deliverables (~35 minutes)
- Community Directory - Charter 2.1
- Prototype Requirements
- Need help with deployment profile info
- Prototype feedback and next steps
- Standard Vocabs - Charter 2.3.2
- Cube Vocab meeting, outcomes
- Procurement Charter 2.2.2
- ("CO's Guide to 5-Star Data" page) - John Sheridan, George Thomas, Bernadette Hyland added to task force. Others??
- Provenance Interchange WG interested in a GLD WG Liason. Stephen Cresswell (UK TSO) spoke at last telecon. Follow up?
- Provenance WG has adopted a running example which involves government linked data: http://www.w3.org/2011/prov/wiki/ProvenanceExample
- DNS Subdomain discussion (relates to Deliverable 2.2.3 URI Construction)
- Single DNS subdomain (e.g., opendata.<orgname>.<gov> that routes as appropriate
- Community Directory - Charter 2.1
- Announcements: Conferences, calls for papers, chapters, other
- ISWC 2011 - 10th International Semantic Web Conference, October 23-27, 2011 - Bonn Germany: EARLY REGISTRATION DEADLINE: September 10
- Open Government Data Camp 2011 - see http://ogdcamp.org/cfp/
- What: The world's biggest open data event to date.
- When: 20-21st October, with satellite events from 17-26th October
- Where: Warsaw, Poland
- Web: http://www.ogdcamp.org
- Register http://ogdcamp.org/register/
- Implementation of European Commission Open Data portal - SMART 2011/0050: see http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/newsroom/cf/itemlongdetail.cfm?item_id=7192
- (19/07/2011) The purpose of this tender is the purchase of services: to develop and administer a web portal to act as single point of access to data sets produced and held by European Commission services (and by extension to data sets produced and held by other European Institutions/bodies and other public bodies); to assist the Commission with the definition and implementation of a data set publication process; to assist the Commission with the preparation of data sets for publication via the portal; to assist the Commission in supporting for engaging the stakeholders' community interested in re-using the published data sets.
- US EPA Apps for the Environment Challenge - due 9/16/2011: see http://www.epa.gov/appsfortheenvironment/#aboutchallenge http://www.epa.gov/appsfortheenvironment/
- Call for agenda items for next meeting (~10 minutes):
- Confirmed: guest Bernard Vatant from Mondeca on LOV
- Status of:
- 2.2.2-6?
- 2.3.3-4,5
- who is working on these?
- Adjourn
Community Directory
- general update
- Action Item: Support for 2.1.5 - Community Directory - Research groups, researchers, sources of funding. Volunteer: Yigal Arens (new member)
Best Practices for Publishing Linked Data
For each of the Deliverables, please update w3.org/2011/gld/wiki/ or ReSpec (if set up) with options, including references to existing projects, proposals, use cases and procedures.
- general update - ReSpec set up, editors draft started.
- Action Item: support 2.2.1 Best Practices for Publishing LD - Procurement - Volunteer: John Sheridan, George Thomas, Bernadette Hyland, (others?)
- Action Item: support 2.2.5 - Stability - Volunteer: Anne Washington (new member)
Standard Vocabularies
- general update
Action Items (parking lot)
- Weekly telecon
- No specific
- 2011-09-08
- http://www.w3.org/2011/gld/meeting/2011-09-08
Facts about "Meetings:Telecon2011.09.08"
|http://www.w3.org/2011/gld/meeting/2011-09-08 +
|No specific +
|Weekly telecon +
"Date" is a type and predefined property provided by Semantic MediaWiki to represent date values.
|September 8, 2011 +


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NEW YORK (AP) — Diplomats from the U.S., the European Union and the United Nations sought Wednesday to pull the collapsing Central African Republic under the international spotlight, calling the security crisis in the poor, landlocked country "in one word, desperate."
The meeting on the sidelines of the U.N. General Assembly included U.S. Ambassador Samantha Power, who attendees said noted how the recent violence in Kenya was the result of years-long neglect of the crisis in neighboring Somalia.
Central African Republic borders some of the most tumultuous countries on the continent, and some fear the state of near-anarchy will allow rebels and other armed groups to flourish there.
"Today, we have the choice of stopping the (Central African Republic) from turning into another Somalia," said Kristalina Georgieva, the EU commissioner responsible for humanitarian aid. She called it a "forgotten crisis" and said the country is collapsing outside the capital, Bangui.
The meeting followed a call from French President Francois Hollande on Tuesday for the U.N. Security Council to support a plan to authorize logistical and financial support for the African Union peacekeeping force in Central African Republic.
French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius on Wednesday said the country's situation threatens regional peace and security as a "gray zone, a stateless zone, a zone without backbone."
The force is expected to eventually include up to 3,500 troops, though critics question whether that is sufficient to address the violence not only in the capital but in the country's distant provinces where massacres have been reported in recent weeks.
The country — nestled among neighbors that include Congo, Chad and Sudan — has a long history of chaos and coups. In March, a coalition of rebel groups joined forces to overthrow the president and put their leader in charge. The rebels have been blamed for abuses including widespread looting, killings, rapes and conscription of child soldiers.
The diplomats emerged Wednesday with "very clear commitments" to the urgency of building up the force, plus financial commitments including 10 million euros from France, Georgieva told reporters. She mentioned a commitment from the U.S. as well but did not specify how much.
"I don't doubt that the meeting today represents a turning point in the future of my country," said Nicolas Tiangaye, a longtime opposition leader who is still serving as prime minister under rebel leader-turned-president Michel Djotodia. "There was a moment where we thought we were forgotten by the entire world."
Central African Republic was already one of the world's poorest countries before the coup, and life expectancy was a mere 48 years. Georgieva said it is now estimated by some to be only 45 years. A child born today has just a one-in-five chance of living to age 5, she added.
Georgieva, who visited Central African Republic in July, also said inter-religious violence appears to be rising in the country, which has a large number of Christians in the south and a more Muslim presence in the arid north.
The United Nations has estimated there are 225,000 people displaced within Central African Republic, and nearly 63,000 new refugees have fled to neighboring countries.
Associated Press writer Krista Larson in Dakar, Senegal contributed to this report.


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AP National Political Editor Liz Sidoti closes Inauguration Watch by summing up the day's events and what they might mean.
No, this wasn't the euphoric celebration of 2009 that mesmerized a hungry nation clinging to promises of hope and change. Those times are long past.
But the inauguration of 2013 was history-making in its own right. It opened a new chapter in America's story — and Obama's, too.
We saw a confident president again promise to lead the nation. Only this time, as he took the oath of office, he was speaking to a country filled with fear and anxiety. Many Americans worry that we are in a state of perpetual decline. Many despise the fact that our politics have become so polarized and partisan. And many fear the country will slide back into recession because of it.
We saw Republicans — for one day, at least — choose not to fight with the president. Rather, they joined him in celebrating — through, gritted teeth, perhaps — this uniquely American day.
We saw Vice President Joe Biden take his turn at glad-handing the parade crowd, sharing the spotlight with the president and, perhaps, setting the stage for his own presidential run in 2016.
We saw Michelle Obama look radiant in a custom-made Jason Wu gown to the inauguration balls. The ruby-colored, velvet and chiffon evening dress was her final outfit of a day that began with her in a Thom Browne navy-silk, checkered-patterned coat and dress. And her new hairstyle: bangs or, as they are often called today, fringes.
We saw Malia Obama, 14, and Sasha, 11, at turns poised and playful as they embarked on their dad's second term as young ladies, the bulk of their childhoods now behind them.
We saw only half as many people show up to see Obama's inaugural address as in 2008. Somewhere between 800,000 and 1 million came to National Mall, compared with 1.8 million four years ago. We saw Washington turn into Hollywood and a music mecca, for a few hours at least as celebrities swarmed the city. We saw that it's possible to hold an inauguration in above-freezing temperatures, an anomaly for January in Washington.
And we saw that even in the most divisive of times, even amid the harshest of words, the house that our founding fathers built more than two centuries ago still stands tall, no matter what kind of politics the moment might hold.
— Liz Sidoti — Twitter http://twitter.com/lsidoti


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LOS ANGELES (AP) — News Corp. beat Wall Street's forecast for the January-March quarter, helped by growing revenue from pay TV networks including Fox News Channel and FX, and the hit 20th Century Fox movie "Life of Pi."
The New York-based company controlled by billionaire Rupert Murdoch also said Wednesday that it benefited from raising its stake in satellite TV company Sky Deutschland. It now holds a majority stake.
News Corp.'s net income jumped to $2.85 billion, or $1.22 per share, from $937 million, or 38 cents per share, a year ago.
Excluding items such as the one-time $2.1 billion profit related to Sky Deutschland, adjusted earnings came to 36 cents per share, a penny better than expected by analysts surveyed by FactSet.
Revenue rose 14 percent to $9.54 billion, also better than the $9.14 billion expected by analysts.
Some of the revenue came from adding the results of companies in which News Corp. now has a majority stake, like Sky Deutschland. Excluding that accounting benefit, revenue would have risen 7 percent to $9 billion.
The company's stock rose $1.06, or 3.3 percent, to $32.92 in after-hours trading after the results were released.
News Corp. is at a turning point in its history, which traces back to a small newspaper company in Australia started in 1923, and bought into by Murdoch's father. It plans to split into two publicly traded companies by the end of June — one company holding its TV and movie properties to be known as 21st Century Fox, and a smaller entity focused on newspapers and publishing that will keep the name News Corp.
At the same time, it is launching a new national sports channel in the U.S. on Aug. 17 called Fox Sports 1, which it hopes to build into a competitor to The Walt Disney Co.'s ESPN. It also plans to launch in September FXX, another pay TV channel under its FX brand aimed at 18 to 34 year olds.
Addressing analysts' concerns about the cost of those initiatives, News Corp. Chief Operating Officer Chase Carey said the expense of launching the networks, plus some international channels, would be "a couple hundred million (dollars) and change" in their first year of operation.
As the company nears the split, investors are awaiting news of the strategies for operating both.
Carey said the company will hold an investor day in New York on May 28 to detail plans for the publishing company, while an investor day for the entertainment company is planned for early August.
"Our separation is our top priority," Carey said.
Investors have long hankered for the split, as most see the publishing unit as a drag on earnings and revenues. Since the split was announced last June, News Corp.'s stock is up about 50 percent.
Investors remain concerned about how the company uses its cash, which stood at $9.3 billion at the end of March. The publishing company will have $2.6 billion in cash and no debt when it is spun off.
Carey said Wednesday that the company is suspending the buyback of $10 billion in stock until after the split is complete. News Corp. has bought back $6.6 billion since the buyback program began two years ago.
"The big question at investor day is going to center on capital allocation," said Brett Harriss, an analyst with research brokerage Gabelli & Co.
The publishing company is seen as a possible bidder for Tribune Co. newspapers including the Los Angeles Times, and it also continues to pour money into its fledgling for-profit education venture called Amplify.
News Corp. also continued to deal with ongoing probes in the U.K. over phone hacking and bribes by employees of its newspapers. The January-March quarter included $42 million in costs related to the investigations, bringing the total spent on them to $388 million since the scandal broke in the summer of 2011.


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09.26.2018 | 17 Tishri, 5779
Trump backs two-state solution: 'I think that's what works best'
Trump backs two-state solution: "I think that's what works best"
Livni to Abbas in New York: 'Do not to let the situation deteriorate'
King Abdullah: We will protect Jerusalem's Muslim, Christian character
Merkel to be awarded honorary doctorate while in Israel
Dirty dining and container eating
Italian with an Israeli twist
Innovations of Sound
Haredi candidate announces run in Jerusalem mayoral race
Daitch: No reason to fear me
Rabbis: IDF religious code should reflect majority
Rivlin pays Sukkot visits to Chief Rabbis Lau and Yosef
French virtues, the weight of history and the power of fiction
Hapoel Jerusalem to host free Sukkot basketball clinic
Celebrating the sea and marine sports in Tel Aviv
A testing time for mutual respect, on and off the soccer field
The ABC's of Israel's sports scene over the holiday season
Workers make explosive threats as massive Teva layoff strikes continue
Israel seeks to bring more women into the hi-tech industry
Nation girds for general strike today in protest of Teva layoffs
Teva Pharmaceuticals to lay off 14,000 employees worldwide, 1,750 in Israel
Can medical empathy survive the technological revolution?
Israeli-founded start-up raises $15m. to help fight heart failure
Israeli doctors are first to implant device for congestive heart failure
Rambam Hospital hosts Chinese teams, treats deformed children in Ghana
IN PHOTOS: Israel's winged winter residents
Watch: Thousands of migrating pelicans get free lunch in Israel
Pipeline failure for Tamar gas field to cause hiccup in electricity rates
Haifa Chemicals to close down two plants, layoff 800 workers
Think About It: Abuse of the Nation-State Law
September 26, 2018: Russia denounces Israel
Center Field: #MeToo needs a statute of limitations and moral awakening
Grapevine: Adventures in Bibleland
Pentagon to remove Patriot missile defense systems from the Middle East
Three imprisoned in Lebanon as Israeli spies
Rouhani slams Trump as an "authoritarian" with "Nazi disposition"
Intel minister vows harsh response if Iran attacks
Rouhani says U.S. wants to cause insecurity in Iran but will not succeed
Iran releases new data on nuclear program
Head of Iranian Nuclear Program: Consequences to Israel will be severe
Iran ordered to pay $104.7 mln over 1996 U.S. truck bomb attack
Labour's arms-boycott motion 'deeply disturbing,' say community groups
The Israeli-American chef who channels Chrissy Teigen's food brain
Arizona Cardinals names Jewish quarterback Josh Rosen as starter
Former Nazi guard, 94, to go on trial for aiding mass murder
Soccer star Messi is newest ambassador for Israeli startup
Economic allies: The US and Israel's top partnerships
Teen wunderkind wows global forum with innovative app
Amazon reportedly to open up Israeli shipping center
Kavanaugh accuser offers statements to back accusation
Adelsons become the 'biggest spenders' after $55 m donation to GOP races
Trump defends court nominee: 'I am with him all the way'
Why Trump disdains the U.N. but loves its stage
Analysis: Clinton falls amid assault on establishment
Clinton concedes: 'We have still not shattered that highest and hardest glass ceiling'
Hillary Clinton and the glass ceiling: Cracked but intact
NY hassidic village loyal to Clinton despite Trump popularity among ultra-Orthodox
Trump reportedly picks friend of Jared Kushner to serve in administration
Trump calls UN 'sad,' days after Israeli settlements vote
Saddam Hussein's daughter touts Trump's 'political sensibility'
Dermer calls on Trump to move embassy to Jerusalem
This week in 60 seconds
Podcast: Three Ladies, Three Lattes
Podcast: Does Trump love Jews or embolden antisemitic voices?
Why Starbucks failed in Israel (and only in Israel)
Taxicab Diplomacy: Trump vs. Clinton
This week in 60 seconds: Ahed Tamimi released from prison
This week in 60 seconds: Israel evacuates Syrian White Helmets
This week in 60 seconds: Knesset passes controversial Jewish nation-state bill
This week in 60 seconds: Israel retaliates after Syrian aircraft enters airspace
Warning: Weddings can be hazardous to your health
Race for respect
Port of Tel Aviv: More than a pretty picture
Creating chaos
The People & The Book: Literature that kicks- Are we loving it?
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Wake up, nation
Freud in Jerusalem
When blood and sand, law and war mix
'The islands will rejoice!'
The winding road
Khan takes on a young look
Blue dragons, a pub and beer
Launching a campaign
שִיר הַהַפְלָגָה
אִילוּ צִיפּוֹרִים
The Christian Edition- one month free subscription
Pope arrives in transformed Ireland as abuse crises rage
Protecting the persecuted
KKL-JNF Honors Firefighters, Volunteers and Gaza Border Residents in Israel's South
German Politician André Kuper Plants Tree in Yad Kennedy
Remembering 9/11: Standing Together for a Better World
A Safe Green Schoolyard for Gaza Border Children to Play
One Copper Coin IS Generosity
One of our big mysteries is Donald Trump.
The influence of the music on the taste of the wine
ECOWEEK 2018: Social and Environmental Design in Israel
Word Citizen
12/11/2017 21:00
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Iselin News
Local news for Iselin, NJ continually updated from thousands of sources on the web.
Iselin news is powered by NewsRank ®
Flash Flood Watch for Middlesex County was issued at September 18 at 9:27AM EDT
23 Book-To-Movie Adaptations That Never Should Have Been Made
Your Favorite Artists Sued For Copyright Infringement
You'll Be Shocked How Young These 31 Major Stars Got Married
31 Celebs Who Root For The New York Yankees
Exclusive Interview: 'Evil Dead' Star Bruce Campbell Says Goodbye To Ash
Then And Now: How Did These 19 Miss America Winners Hold Up?
Then And Now: 23 Stars Of 'Harry Potter' Who Look So Different
The 39 Ugliest Celebs In The World
How Did These Pop And Rock Goddesses Look Like In Their Heyday Vs. Years Later?
How Did These Foreign Actors Look In Their Prime Vs. Decades Later?
We Found Them: 19 Actors Looking Their Best, And Worst, On-screen
Updated: Tue Sep 04, 2018 05:09 am
Copyright © 2018 Topix LLC


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El Primer Ministro de Tanzania se reúne con el Director General de la FAO
20 de marzo de 2013, Roma, Italia - FAO Director-General José Graziano da Silva welcomed the Prime Minister of Tanzania, Mizengo Pinda, to Rome headquarters today. The Prime Minister stressed the importance of involving the private sector and other actors as key to continuing the country's development through agriculture.
"Poverty is still a big issue in Tanzania, and we believe that agriculture is the answer to this problem," Pinda said.
He explained that more than 80 percent of Tanzanians are dependent on agriculture to provide income and access to food and that the vast majority were subsistence farmers with a vast potential to better their lives through agriculture.
Da Silva and Pinda discussed the need to support farmers, for example by better integrating them into markets and helping them to form cooperatives and other business models. Pinda noted the need to increase investments in agriculture and that government investment alone is not enough.
Graziano da Silva agreed that the challenges of ending hunger and sustainably increasing agricultural production needed support not only from the private sector but also the wider spectrum of development partners, including civil society.


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Maybelline Fit Me® Concealer
BY MAYBELLINE #10 in Concealer
4.42 / 5 based on 21,128 Reviews
Skin looks perfected with this natural coverage concealer for zero flaws and blemishes.
Water (Aqua), Cyclopentasiloxane, Hydrogenated Polyisobutene, Glycerin, Sorbitan Isostearate, Propylene Glycol, Titanium Dioxide, Ozokerite, Phenoxyethanol, Magnesium Sulfate, Disteardimonium Hectorite, Disodium Stearoyl Glutamate, Methylparaben, Acrylates Crosspolymer, Alumina, Butylparaben, Aluminum Hydroxide, Tocopherol, Silica, Chamomilla Recutita (Matricaria Flower Extract),
May Contain: (CI 77891), Iron Oxides (CI 77491, 77492, 77499), Micasee more...
Top Questions See all 5,136 Q&A
- am i the only one who only uses concealer sometimes and n...11 Answers
- Has anyone used this over acne scars/hyperpigmentation? H...76 Answers
- Best concealer ever no lie 👍🏼 I put my foundation first a...2 Answers
Maybelline Fit Me® Concealer
Reviews (21128)
Media (1442)
- "i love this concealer! the fair shade is kind of pink but in a brightening way! i just wish there was a yellow undertone in like really bright like the fair because of my skin tone! but they're so creamy and i love them!" in 1759 reviews
- "first bizarre point about the concealer before we get into the pro's is that this oxidizes within the container. if it didn't do that i'd be giving it a 5 star review. i purchase both fair and light to mix together (fair number 15 is actually lighter than light number 10 so watch out). however less than a week of having the fair shade it will oxidize within the tube and turn much more yellow in tone, which is so bizarre. i keep buying however because i'm a fan of the product.
the consistancy is really pleasant! it's a healthy mixture between cream and liquid and blends really well. i'll use the real techniques concealer brush and my fingers to blend or let my beauty blender do all of the work, depending upon the day. this sets really well under the eyes and won't budge if you set it in place with a powder. however, if you're against powder and you choose to not set this product be prepare for a crazy amount of movement and transfer to your lower lash line. other than the oxidizing issue i'm a big fan of the product.
price point is great especially since ulta regularly has buy two get one free on maybelline's entire line!" in 1128 reviews
- "this is my favorite concealer. it is hard to find a shade with the right undertone though so i just mix two shades together, which is a con because that means i am having to buy more product just to get one shade. it is great for the under eye and for blemishes, it is light weight. alot of people say it is a dupe for the nars radient and creamy concealer, i do not know if that is true or not because i have not tried the nars concealer. but i do know that i will continue to buy the [product:maybelline-fit-me-concealer] " in 839 reviews
21128 reviews
I can never go wrong with these concealers they are my favorite drugstore concealers!
I just bought this at cvs and I like it so far. It goes on creamy and blends easily.
Review for: Sand more...
This concealer is very well made . I love the formula and it has a really nice finish
It seems like it doesn't dry well so it looks greasy... so that's why I gave it 2/5
Not my favorite. Couldn't find my skin tone. But did the job. But not to impressed
Love this concealer! It covers dark circles really well!! The price is great too!!
Good coverage concealer, good formula and color range. My go to drugstore product.
I absolutely love this concealer. It's the best drug store concealer I've purchased
•Good coverage
•A little greasy
•Creases a little
•Great for traveling
•A little greasy
•Creases a little
•Great for traveling
Such a great concealer!!! Its so smooth and not cakey as others. It also srays long
Has anyone used this over acne scars/hyperpigmentation? How well does it cover?
Does this last long
Where can I buy this? I checked my local Walmart but I couldn't find it and I'd love to have it! My current concealer is terrible
I have sensitive skin, how will this effect that?
does it work as well as the NARS creamy concealer?
See All Photos & Videos


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Town of Valier kicks off Centennial season
Page 1 of 2By Adam Jerome, I-O Reporter
For those of you who are already missing the festivities of Whoop-Up, you need not worry because the Valier centennial is right around the corner.
The city of Valier has scheduled their centennial for the week-end of June 27. With a full slate of events it promises to be one of the most entertaining town celebrations around.
The townspeople of Valier have been working on the celebration for months and have a little bit of something for everyone. So come on down to Valier and help celebrate 100 years of progress.
The action kicks off on Friday night with a couple of different options. For you sports fanatics you may want to put together a team for the co-ed softball tournament. The play will begin on Friday and run through Sunday if you are lucky enough to keep winning. To register a team contact Kevin Kovatch at 279-3267.
For those of you who want a less physically active evening, well that has been taken care of also. Jump back in time and on your horse for an old-fashioned poker ride. The Poker Ride promises to make you remember times before the combustible engine made life so complicated. Registration for the Poker Ride will begin at 7 p.m. and the ride will start at 8 p.m.
If horse events are what you're looking for, the Poker Ride is just the beginning. Saturday afternoon the city of Valier will be offering arena events where you can show off your various horse talents to the public. And if that is still not enough than get ready for the Ranch Roping contest on Sunday. If you're horseman or horsewoman than Valier on the week-end of June 26 is the place for you. The arena events and the Ranch Roping will be at the WHOA Arena. For more information about any of the horse events call Janelle Nelson at 450-1025.
If you think Friday was action packed then just wait until Saturday, that when the real action begins. Bright and early at 7:30 a.m. Larry Stoltz will be at the Fire Hall grilling up his locally renowned beer pancakes for free. Make sure and hurry though, because breakfast will stop being served at 9 a.m.
Don't worry if you overslept, because of the previous nights events, because at 9 a.m. vendors of all kinds will line Main Street Park, offering everything from arts and crafts to delicious types of food. These vendors will be in town all day, so if you get a break stop on by and see what they have to offer. If you would like to participate, you can contact Linda Kuka at 406-279-3347.
For the history buffs you will not want to miss the historical displays on tap at the Civic Center, starting at 9 a.m. This also lasts until 4 p.m. so be sure and put that on your agenda. Local churches and civic organizations have worked to prepare displays of their history in the area which will be both informative and entertaining.
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This product is currently sold out.
You can obtain status and/or reserve this item by contacting us. We can also be reached by calling toll free 1-866-326-9377 (Dialing from outside the US +01 314 772 3566) between 10AM and 6PM CST (-6 GMT).
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