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California Agriculture Secretary Karen Ross approved a milk price increase aimed at supporting the state's dairy industry but granted only half of what cheese makers had supported and less than a quarter of what dairy farmers had sought.
California Agriculture Secretary Karen Ross approved a milk price increase aimed at supporting the state's dairy industry but granted only half of what cheese makers had supported and less than a quarter of what dairy farmers had sought.
That decision was widely anticipated by San Joaquin County dairy farmers, whose milk is the most valuable farm commodity, worth an estimated $453 million in 2011.
Dairy operators have struggled with historically high corn and feed prices. The California Department of Food and Agriculture reports 105 dairies went out of business, including seven in San Joaquin County, from 2011 to 2012, leaving 1,563 in the state.
Ross admitted her order, released late Friday, is little more than a temporary patch that does nothing to address the failings of the state's underlying milk pricing system.
"California dairies and processors must operate within national and international markets that require the manufacture of milk products to be competitive with those produced elsewhere in terms of variety, price and quality. Our system of regulated milk pricing is an antiquated one that impairs the ability of the dairy industry to rise to this challenge," she wrote in a letter released along with the price order.
Ross' order was far from what milk producers had sought, said Michael Marsh, chief executive of Western United Dairymen.
"It's not a very good decision for farmers for sure," he said Monday.
During a hearing May 20 at the state Department of Food and Agriculture, dairy operators had sought a sharp increase in one category of milk - that used to make cheese - which would boost the so-called milk pool price by 53 cents per 100 pounds.
An alternate proposal at the hearing - supported mainly by milk processors and cheese makers - was a price increase across all classes of milk, including that going into whole and low-fat milk, yogurt, cottage cheese and butter. It would bump the pool price by 25 cents per 100 pounds of milk - about 11.5 gallons.
Ross ordered a price boost for all milk classes, but only half of what had been suggested.
That was a great disappointment, said Terry McHale, a spokesman for the Coalition of California Dairies.
"Even the processors who were there, they did at least agree they could live with the status quo, the 25 cents," he said Monday by telephone. "So we did find it a bit inexplicable that the secretary would cut it to 12.5 cents."
Ross balanced the public testimony against the recommendation of a panel of agency dairy experts, who said the agriculture secretary should give no price relief to the farmers.
The long-term answer, Ross said in her letter, is for the industry it to decide how best to reform milk pricing through ongoing discussions at the California Dairy Future Task Force.
That idea resonated with Rachel Kal-dor, who represents cheese makers' interests as executive director of the Dairy Institute of California.
"We in California need a 21st century dairy policy; it's a global market, not the 1930s anymore," she said Monday.
Marsh, however, blamed the processors for dragging their feet on reform.
Despite having one milk price bill stall in the state Assembly last month, dairy farmers may try to revive the measure.
"It's got to come from the Legislature, because the cheese makers won't, and they haven't for years, negotiate in good faith," Marsh said.
Contact reporter Reed Fujii at (209) 546-8253 or email@example.com.


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Getaway Guide: Weekend Road Trip To Ocean CityNo summer is complete without a visit to Maryland's most popular beach. Ocean City is truly a destination that comes with its own culture and rules, but for most every visitor it all comes down to having fun and eating some of the best seafood around. It is also a long-standing favorite for Senior Week, so be cautious planning trips during the first two weeks of June to avoid over-crowded beaches.

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Jan Scruggs, left, president of the Vietnam Veterans Memorial Fund and Gary Wright the project engineer for the memorial look over plans for the project in Washington on March 23, 1982.
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Bringing Big Manufacturing Improvements to the HB LED Business
By Paula Doe, SEMI Emerging Markets
Cree XLamp 7090 XR Series LED
If manufacturing technology development efforts now underway produce even a fraction of the projected improvements in production efficiency, solid state lighting (SSL) cost per lumen should come down drastically in the next few years. Driven by the growing market opportunity, and by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) funding, semiconductor equipment makers and their device-maker partners are at work on a series of projects that each aim at major 30 to 50 percent improvements in basic cycle time, yield, and cost — largely by applying approaches learned from high-volume semiconductor manufacturing, from inline process control and defect analysis to model-based temperature control. Also pushing the technology along are some early steps towards pre-competitive information exchange leading to the kinds of roadmaps and standards that have helped the IC, LCD and PV sectors move towards more efficient volume manufacturing.
LED Lighting Market: Fast Moving
The LED lighting market is moving fast, noted Vrinda Bhandarkar, head of the LED practice at Strategies Unlimited, at the recent DOE SSL manufacturing workshop in San Jose, Calif. "The commercial sector, which accounts for 43 percent of the worldwide lighting market, has already adopted energy efficient lighting, and continues to adopt it as the ROI improves," she noted. Though the HB LED packaged device market already totals some $5.4 billion, only 12 percent of that currently is for general lighting, and 65 percent of that is for white devices, which works out to only a $421 million market so far for white LEDs for general illumination. But worldwide unit demand for incandescent lighting is 12.5 billion units, so any significant percentage replacement should drive a $13 to $14 billion LED lighting market by 2014. Venture capitalists invested $299 million in lighting in 34 deals in 2009, according to the Cleantech Group. More than 500 companies around the world are now making LED lamps (bulbs) and luminaires (fixtures), plus thousands more in China.
By 2020, 80 percent of new product general lighting sales will be LEDs, said Jim Anderson, Philips Color Kinetics. "It is happening fast, a lot faster than you think." He noted that payback from replacing halogen bulbs with LEDs bought at retail at Home Depot is now only 1.2 years.
Moving the Industry Forward
While the DOE's $20 million funding for LED manufacturing research last year is a big step, almost as important is the way its annual workshops have helped push people into talking with each other about common issues, to begin to identify the potential for automation, metrology and failure analysis, testing standards, a common cost model to identify where best to put investment, and improving the roadmap to identify the sector's key technology needs going forward.
SEMI is helping to push these issues forward for its membership as well, with its upcoming program on manufacturing issues at SEMICON West 2010, and its LED Steering Committee exploring ways the sector might encourage funding for research and the kinds of pre-competitive efforts used in other sectors.
Government contracting issues delayed the project last year, but DOE is now moving forward in building a LED cost model, which aims to provide device makers and their suppliers — and the DOE roadmap — with a more accurate picture of both the costs and the dependencies among processes, to better determine where best to invest to improve yields and reduce total costs. Steve Bland of SB Consulting is coordinating the effort, and expects preliminary results to be included in this year's update of the SSL roadmap targeted for June.
Big Potential Improvements from Manufacturing Technology
Equipment makers including Applied Materials Inc, KLA-Tencor Corp., Ultratech Inc., and Veeco Instruments are at work on development programs that target 50 percent improvements in key metrics, in large part by applying learnings from the IC industry, funded by the first round of DOE manufacturing research grants. Many of these companies, and others working independently, will also report on their progress at the HB LED manufacturing technology session at SEMICON West this summer.
Applied Materials' Nag Patibandla, director of external programs, said Applied is working on a multichamber epi tool on the Centura platform, with one HVPE chamber and two MOCVD chambers, and in situ cleaning to speed up the cycle time. It uses lamp heating for better temperature control, reportedly allowing a very rapid temperature ramp of 5°C per second for sharp interfaces. It's targeting a 2X improvement in uniformity, 50 percent reduction in cycle time, and 50 percent improvement in quantum efficiency.
Veeco targets the very ambitious goal of 90 percent yield within the desired 2nm wavelength bin by 2013, enabled in large part by better temperature control, which starts with figuring out how to actually measure the temperature on the transparent sapphire wafer directly, instead of having to go by the temperature of the holder as currently done. Each 2°C temperature change results in a 2nm drift in emitted wave length, and only some 65 percent of die are now within 5nm. Sandia Labs has developed near UV and mid IR pyrometers that can measure the temperature on the wafer directly, and Lumileds will test them in production. "We'd like to change the temperature profile across the wafer in real time," said chief technologist Bill Quinn. "And add model-based temperature control like used in the IC industry."
KLA-Tencor sees potential 50 percent cost savings from adding automated inline inspection to the LED manufacturing process. It is working on more sensitive tools to monitor the epi process for micro cracks, pits and epi uniformity, and software to more quickly correlate process excursions with end device performance. "This is used in the IC space," noted Srini Vedula, director of marketing for the Candela product. "The goal now is to understand the LED requirements." He argued that while most device makers worry about the major excursions that have a big impact on yield, these are actually rather rare, and are usually detected by the operators right after epi anyway. Actually more costly are the more common small excursions that hit yield by 4-6 percent, but happen once or twice per reactor per month, and cannot now be detected. "Half of front end defects are not accounted for," said Vedula. "Automated excursion notification for root cause determination is a 2x cost reduction opportunity."
Ultratech is targeting a 50-60 percent reduction in lithography tool cost of ownership by reconfiguring a projection aligner specifically for the needs of the LED industry. Unlike the usual proximity aligners, projection tools can be designed to maintain alignment and CD uniformity across warped wafers, using a system originally designed for packaging logic wafers, which are warped. The company is adding higher brightness illumination, and a lower cost lens for what CTO Andy Hawryluk said aims at a 40 percent lower cost tool with 30 percent higher throughput.
GE Lighting Solutions is bringing down the cost of phosphor coating its LEDs by developing a high-speed automated continuous process line to make molded phosphor domes, instead of coating phosphor slurry on to chips in batches, for which it expects a 20-50 percent cost reduction. The approach involved working with an outside vendor to develop new line process equipment, and new in-line continuous metrology tools, instead of the usual one-off testing in optical spheres.
Philips Lumileds is aiming to make commercially competitive warm white LEDs on silicon substrates, using strain-control layers of AlN. It will start with 3-inch substrates, then transfer to 150mm wafers. Silicon is of course cheap and familiar, but section manager Michael Craven also pointed out that, "The better thermal conductivity of silicon results in decreased thermal gradients across the wafer, and the opaque substrate means temperature can be measured with existing optical pyrometry tools for better run-to-run consistency."
Applied, KLA, and Ultratech will be reporting further on the progress of these technologies at SEMICON West HB LED sessions. Other technical talks on significant developments in manufacturing technology include UCSB startup Inlustra on progress in nonpolar bulk GaN subtrates, the Chinese startup Lattice Power on producing blue LEDs on silicon, Lumileds on research progress in device efficiency, EVGroup on wafer-level packaging of LEDs, Op-Test on appropriate bare die testing measures, QD Vision on controlling light color with quantum dots, and Articulated Technologies on minimalist packaging by laminating die between ITO and copper strips.
Funding Available for More Manufacturing Development Projects
DOE will fund another round of manufacturing technology development projects this year, though how much money will be available remains to be determined. "Funding will come from the fiscal 2011 budget, which is close to a mystery," noted Brian Dotson, SSL project manager at the National Energy Technology Laboratory. Part of last year's $20 million budget came from one-time stimulus funds, and the addition of the new manufacturing program took some funding that had gone to the research program. Just to put the US investment in this major energy savings technology in perspective, note that total government stimulus spending for energy among the G-20 last year came to $692 billion, or 1.1% of global GDP. China invested $586B, or 5.3% of GDP, according to Strategies Unlimited. SEMI believes maintaining the SSL manufacturing research programs at least last year's $20 million level should be a public policy priority.
Next key needs brought up at the working sessions at the DOE workshop include epi materials, wafer-level packaging technology, better test metrics that feed back to manufacturing from all levels, and better metrics and failure analysis to improve driver reliability. Phosphor folks wanted better tools tailored to the LED sector, with SECS/GEM compliance so they are prepared for automation, to move to larger batch sizes or better still ways to make phosphors into a component. Chip users urged standardizing package footprints. DOE's funding of projects is guided by the roadmap that comes out of these workshops. The updated roadmap is due out in June.
Detailed information on applying for the next round of SSL manufacturing development funding will be available within a few weeks, but requirements will be very similar to this year's, which can be found at https://www.fedconnect.net/FedConnect/PublicPages/PublicSearch/Public_Opportunities.aspx, search reference number DE-FOA-0000057. Notice of the new round will be sent to those who register for DOE SSL updates at http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/registration/registration.aspx. Applications should align with the goals of the SSL roadmap, provide cost reduction and benefit to U.S. manufacturing, focus on a single area of interest, and describe the improvements the project aims to make to the current state of the art, with realistic, quantifiable milestones. Applicants or partnerships are expected to have production facilities available, and will retain ownership of the IP generated. Proposal strengths and weaknesses in meeting DOE goals are reviewed by several external evaluators, then ranked by a committee of federal employees. Final selection among technically acceptable proposals is made by senior DOE officials, aiming for a balance of topics and of types of organizations.
Opportunities for Bringing Efficient Manufacture to the Rest of the Luminaire Chain
While the LED chips are making considerable progress in cost per lumen, there is also plenty of opportunity for improvement in the driver, the optics, the fixture and the assembly. The LED may be 40 percent of the total $100 fixture cost now, "But even if the LED cost only $10, the fixture would still be $70," noted Paul Pickard, VP of R&D at Cree. "The solution is to just use less stuff." He notes that the whole chip-package-board-heatsink-thermal interface-housing structure for thermal management could ideally be reduced to a chip, a dielectric with circuits, and the fixture housing. Luminaire makers at the DOE workshop also noted the need for more efficient production equipment on the fixture side, with automation to bring down costs. With the long lifetimes of the LED fixtures, the fixture manufacturers also need more sophisticated quality assurance and reliability testing systems.
SEMICON West 2010 Opportunities
For more information about LED programs at SEMICON West 2010, please visit http://www.semiconwest.org/Segments/LEDs/index.htm
Companies with innovative technologies and solutions for LED manufacturing are invited to exhibit at SEMICON West within the Extreme Electronics zone. Close proximity to the presentation stage plus focused attendee marketing ensures high visibility with visitors focused on and interested in LED technologies.
To join one of the SEMI "Extreme Electronics" online communities (including Extreme LED), visit http://www.semi.org/en/EventsTradeshows/CTR_029333
May 4, 2010


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Ronnie Eidson stopped in the clubhouse at Lexington Golf Club for a hot dog in the middle of his round on a hot, humid Sunday afternoon and said he had just thrown the tournament away.
When it was over, Eidson had shot a 69 and still felt he had lost the tournament, that five bogeys did him in.
Ronnie Eidson stopped in the clubhouse at Lexington Golf Club for a hot dog in the middle of his round on a hot, humid Sunday afternoon and said he had just thrown the tournament away.
When it was over, Eidson had shot a 69 and still felt he had lost the tournament, that five bogeys did him in.
But he was wrong. He won.
Eidson's 2-under-par 69 stood up as the low round of the day and he won the rain-shortened 27th annual Dugan Aycock Davidson County Amateur, becoming a three-time winner of the event.
"I made a lot of birdies but I honestly thought I made enough bogeys to lose," Eidson said. "I really did. I could have easily shot a 64. But I really backed up quite a bit. I really should have scored better than a 69."
John Kelly was second with a 70. Brad Helms, Kadar Karkare and Kyle Stockton finished in a three-way tied for third at 71. Chris Gooch, Daniel Timberlake and Deke Carrick were one shot further back at 72.
The tournament was reduced to 18 holes after a severe storm halted play on Saturday. Some golfers had finished their rounds but others had not, leading tournament director J.J. Fashimpaur to start things over on Sunday with a shotgun start at 9:30 a.m.
"We look forward all year to hosting this event," Fashimpaur said. "We had beautiful weather leading up to it in the last few days. We worked to get the course as ready as possible and then it rains."
With the possibility of more rain Sunday afternoon, Fashimpaur opted for the shotgun start, with groups starting off on each hole, to get the round done faster.
The end result was yet another win for the 60-year-old Eidson, who also won the Dugan Aycock in 2009 and 2010. He has also won four Rowan Amateur and three Rowan Masters championships.
"I love this course and I like the format," Eidson said. "J.J. runs a great tournament. He's one of the most fair pros I have ever seen. He doesn't bend the rules for anybody."
Justin Clement, the 2012 winner, turned pro and was ineligible to defend his title.
Eidson, who always runs near the top of the leader board, was one of the favorites and didn't disappoint. Ironically, it was one his bogeys, on the par-3, 218-yard 11th hole that Eidson felt helped saved the day. He hit his tee shot into a drainage area and had a very poor lie.
"I swung as hard as I could to move the ball about five feet," Eidson said. "I chipped it up and I was still in a terrible position. But I got it up and down and made a 15-footer for bogey. I should have made double bogey. I had another hole where I made bogey and should have made double bogey.
"I putted the ball extremely well today. I felt really good about that."
Stevie Skipper, the 2011 winner, shot a 79.
Eddie Streetman won the senior tournament with a 70. Bill Baity and Steve Lambert tie for second at 71.
Jacob May won the first flight with a 75. John Beck, Josh Smith and Kevin Veach tied for first in the second flight at 80. There was a five-way for first in the third flight at 85 with Adam Warfford, Charlie Frye, Chris Dellinger, Mike Palmer and Richard Fields.
Mike Brown, Ed Hurley, Hal Gooch and Junior Benfield each shot 78 to tie for first in the senior division first flight.
Mike Duprez can be reached at 249-3981, ext. 218 or firstname.lastname@example.com.


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Karen Gillan has left Doctor Who's TARDIS*, but she's not straying far from acronyms. The actress has joined the cast of "NTSF:SD:SUV::" for its third season.
The Adult Swim comedy stars Paul Scheer as Special Agent Trent Hauser. "I'm really excited to be quoted in this article," Scheer said in a statement. He also serves as executive producer.
Gillan played "Doctor Who" companion Amy Pond in the international hit that airs in the U.S. on BBC America. She joins Scheer and Kate Mulgrew, Brandon Johnson, June Diane Raphael, Rob Riggle, Martin Starr and Peter Serafinowicz in the comedy that follows the exploits of Hauser's elite counter-terrorist unit, the NTSF:SD:SUV:: (National Terrorist Strike Force: San Diego: Sport Utility Vehicle::). Filming for Season 3 currently is underway in L.A. and London.
According to the release, in Season 3 Trent and his team will employ some of the riskiest methods they've ever attempted in order to bring down San Diegan terrorist scum, including surgically swapping faces with each other, kidnapping an alien, faking their own deaths, getting into the viral video biz, unfreezing a former 1960's radical, boarding Comic-Con Air, and heading into the dangerous British District of San Diego (which will be shot in the UK!) for a sweeping "NTSF:SD:SUV::" two-part epic. Plus, the return of THE TIME ANGELS!
"Adult Swim continues to exercise sound judgment in programming NTSF:SD:SUV:: for a third season. If this decision were on Facebook, I would click 'Like,'" said executive producer Jonathan Stern.
The new season of "NTSF:SD:SUV::" will begin sometime in July.
* TARDIS stands for Time and Relative Dimension in Space. It's the blue police box Doctor Who uses for his travels.
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Ateles fusciceps
|Scope: Global
Language: English
|Scientific Name:
|Ateles fusciceps Gray, 1866
|Infra-specific Taxa Assessed:
Common Name(s):
|Taxonomic Notes:
|The taxonomy of the spider monkeys is based on Kellogg and Goldman (1944) and Hill (1962). The forms hybridus, chamek and marginatus are listed as distinct species and A. fusciceps robustus Allen, 1914 is considered a junior synonym of A. f. rufiventris Sclater, 1871 following Heltne and Kunkel (1975) (see Rylands et al. 2000). Silva-López et al. (1996) argued that Ateles geoffroyi pan was not a valid taxon. Hernández-Camacho and Defler (1989) and Defler (2004) argued for the validity of the form brunneus Gray, 1872, listed here as a subspecies of A. hybridus.
Collins and Dubach (2000) argued that the forms fusciceps and rufiventris are subspecies of Ateles geoffroyi. The taxonomy and distributions of Ateles geoffroyi and Ateles fusciceps are reviewed by Rylands et al. (2006).
Ateles f. rufiventris Sclater, 1871, from the Río Atrato, Darien, Colombia, is listed as incertae sedis by Kellogg and Goldman (1944). Heltne and Kunkel (1975) argued that A. fusciceps robustus Allen, 1914 is a junior synonym ofA. f. rufiventris Sclater, 1871. Medeiroset al. (1997) indicated that, from the cytogenetic viewpoint, rufiventris Sclater, 1871, may well be reproductively isolated from A. geoffroyi.
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Critically Endangered A2cd ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
|Cuarón, A.D., Shedden, A., Rodríguez-Luna, E., de Grammont, P.C. & Link, A.
|Mittermeier, R.A. & Rylands, A.B. (Primate Red List Authority)
This species is listed as Critically Endangered due to an estimated population decline of more than 80% over the past 45 years (three generations) due to severe habitat loss and hunting pressure throughout its range.
|Range Description:
|There are two recognized subspecies:
Ateles fusciceps fusciceps is endemic to Ecuador, in the north, west of the Andes, in the Province of Esmeraldas, and, at least historically it would seem, south as far the Cordillera de Colonche (Tirira 2007). There are two populations remaining: one in the Chongon Colonche Mountain Range and the another in the Cotacachi-Cayapas Reserve and surrounding forests in the north. Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976) suggested that A. f. fusciceps might occur in southern Colombia, south of the Río Mira, continuous with the populations in Ecuador, but no evidence has been forthcoming regarding this.
Ateles fusciceps rufiventris ranges from the western cordillera of the Andes from south-western Colombia, northward on west side of the Río Cauca to eastern Panama (Cerro Pirre and the basin of the Río Bayano of the Pacific coast) (Rylands et al. 2006). The Cerro Pirre or the Río Tucutí mark the border with A. geoffroyi grisescens. In Colombia, A. f. rufiventris occurs throughout the Pacific lowlands except for Juradó, norh-western part of the Department of Chocó, supposedly the domain of A. g. grisescens (Hernández-Camacho and Cooper 1976; Defler, 2003, 2004). It occurs in the Urabá region in north-western Antioquia, Córdoba, Sucre, and northern Bolívar east to the lower Río Cauca along the western bank to south-central Antioquia. The most southerly record in Colombia is Barabacoas, Department of Nariño, and the most northerly is southern bank of the Canal del Dique, Cartagena. Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976) believed that it formerly occurred as far north as Pendales.
Ateles f. rufiventris does not occur in Ecuador and is discontinuous with A. f. fusciceps. Furthermore, this subspecies range in Colombia is likely fragmented in the southern part of its range. There are only two known locations in the Chocó region.
|Countries occurrence:
Native:Colombia (Colombia (mainland)); Ecuador (Ecuador (mainland)); Panama
|Additional data:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|Ateles fusciceps fusciceps is rare and diifficult to see (Madden and Albuja 1989). In Cotacachi-Cayapas, this subspecies is found in population densities of 1.2 individuals/km² (Gavilanes and Endara 2006).
There is no population information available for Ateles fusciceps rufiventris.
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|In Ecuador (A. f. fusciceps), tropical and subtropical humid forests from 100 to 1,700 m above sea level (Tirira 2007). In Colombia (A. f. rufiventris), Hernández-Camacho and Cooper (1976) recorded that it occurs in dry forest, humid forest and cloud forest, occupying the greatest range of forest habitats of any of the Colombian spider monkeys. Defler (2004) indicated that they range as high as 2,000-2,500 m above sea level in the Cordilllera Occidental.
Spider monkeys travel and forage in the upper levels of the forest. They spend much time in the canopy and also use the middle and lower strata but are rarely seen in the understorey. In accordance with their use of the highest levels of the forest, they are highly suspensory. When travelling they spend more time hanging from branches, moving by brachiation and arm swinging, and climbing than they do walking or running on all fours. They are highly frugivorous and feed largely on the mature, soft parts of a very wide variety of fruits, which comprise 83% of their diet and are found mainly in the emergent trees and upper part of the forest canopy (Van Roosmalen and Klein 1988). They also eat young leaves and flowers (both especially at times of fruit shortage during the beginning of the dry season), and besides such as young seeds, floral buds, pseudobulbs, aerial roots, bark, decaying wood, and honey, and very occasionally small insects such as termites and caterpillars. They play a significant role as seed dispersers. Van Roosmalen (1985; Van Roosmalen and Klein 1988) found that A. paniscus was dispersing the seeds of at least 138 species (93.5% of all fruits species used) through their ingestion and subsequent defecation (endozoochory). A further 10 species were being dispersed by the monkeys carrying them off some distance from the tree before dropping them (exozoochory). In only 23 species were the seeds being ruined or eaten (seed predation).
Spider monkeys live in groups of up to 20-30 individuals (for review see Van Roosmalen and Klein 1988). However, they are very rarely all seen together, and nearly always to be found travelling, feeding and resting small in groups of varying size and composition (most usually 2-4), the only persistent association being that of a mother and her offspring (McFarland Symington 1990). Group members will also travel on their own. Each female in the group has a "core area" of the group's home range which she uses most. Klein and Klein (1976, 1977) estimated 259-388 ha ranges with 20-30% overlap for A. belzebuth in La Macarena National Park, Colombia. Ateles are rarely seen in association with other primates and mostly they are occasional and ephemeral, resulting from the simultaneous occupation of fruiting trees.
Six estimated birth dates given by Klein (1971) for A. belzebuth, were spread throughout the year (December, January, April, September, October and November). Spider monkeys apparently reach sexual maturity at 4-5 years of age (Klein 1971; Eisenberg 1973, 1976). They give birth to single offspring after a long gestation period of 226-232 days, with a minimum theoretical interbirth interval in captivity of 17.5 months, but in the wild probably as long as 28-30 months (Eisenberg 1973, 1976). Late maturation and long inter-birth intervals make it difficult for them to recover from hunting and other threats.
|Major Threat(s):
Ateles fusciceps fusciceps
Tirira (2001) has reported an 80% reduction in population size based on habitat loss. This species has a very small distribution, is highly fragmented, and is under pressure from a high rate of habitat loss due to deforestation and strong hunting pressure.
Ateles fusciceps rufiventris
In Colombia, Defler et al. (2003) all spider monkeys are considered threatened due to hunting and habitat loss and fragmentation. National Parks such as Katios and Orquideas are believed to have very few spider monkeys because of indigenous hunting pressure (N. Vargas pers. comm.; H. Rubio pers. comm.) and the population density of Ateles may be decreasing in Los Katios (Director del Parque Los Katios, D. Pintor pers. comm.). Widespread censuses of Ateles are needed, especially in national parks.
In Colombia, along the Atlantic coast, it has been estimated that over 30% of habitat has been lost in the past 10 years based on calculations from satellite photos (Miller et al, 2004). Ground truthing of this data found only 2.5% of viable secondary forest habitat was left in this region (Miller et al. 2004). In Panama, there is a lower human population and likely higher habitat availability, but more research is needed to determine population status and threats to this subspecies.
|Conservation Actions:
In Ecuador, Ateles fusciceps fusciceps is protected in accordance with Resolution No. 105 of the Ministry of the Environment (Registro Oficial No. 5 of 28 January 2000) (Tirira 2001). This prohibits hunting and commercialization throughout Ecuador.
Tirira (2001) proposes the following measures:
Research on its range and the size and status of remaining populations;
Evaluation of the effectivness of the protected areas where it occurs;
Research on its ability to cope with deforestation and forest fragmentation, and proximity to humans and their activities;
Research on the extent of illegal hunting by colonists and Indigenous people;
Evaluate the needs and possibilities for increasing the size of the current protected areas and providing for more protected areas where it occurs;
Carry out education awareness campaigns and environmental education programs in its range - emphasizing particularly aspects of the traffic in, and commercialization of, primates; and
Ex situ breeding programme, and associated research needed for such (e.g., husbandry, reproduction) .
The subspecies are recorded from the following protected areas:
Ateles fusciceps fusciceps
Cotacachi-Cayapas Ecological Reserve (243,638 ha) (Tirira 2007)
Los Cedros Protected Forest (Tirira 2007)
Awá Ethnological Reserve (Tirira 2007)
Ateles fusciceps rufiventris
Los Katios Natural National Park (72,000 ha)
Las Orquideas Natural National Park (32,000 ha)
It is listed on Appendix II of CITES.
|Cuarón, A.D., Shedden, A., Rodríguez-Luna, E., de Grammont, P.C. & Link, A. 2008. Ateles fusciceps. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T135446A4129010. . Downloaded on 22 September 2018.
|To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>.
|If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided


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Driving drunk: Is the law too lax in Washington state? | SPECIAL REPORT
After last week's suspected drunken driving accident that killed two Federal Way teens, the question remains: Why was 50-year-old Alexander Peder behind the wheel of a car?
Peder, a Kirkland resident who had two DUI incidents in the past, crashed into a Honda Civic occupied by Derek King, Nicholas Hodgins and Anthony Beaver on June 9. Peder was charged Monday with two counts of vehicular homicide in the death of King and Hodgins.
Peder's driver's license had been suspended, but was reinstated after he followed through with court orders.
"Both times he did what the court ordered him to do," King County Prosecuting Attorney's office spokesman Ian Goodhew said.
The fatal crash
King, Hodgins and Beaver were Decatur High School students who were just three days away from graduation. They were returning home after an evening spent with classmates. The three were traveling southbound in Interstate 5, when just past Tukwila near State Route 518, their car became disabled in the second lane of the freeway.
Beaver, the driver, turned on the emergency flashers and called for the state patrol on his phone. At least two cars were able to see and avoid the disabled Civic. Peder, who is suspected of driving drunk, crashed into the rear end of the Civic, destroying the rear half of the car.
King died at the scene. Hodgins died after being taken off life support the next day.
Peder had purchased a fifth of vodka six hours earlier, as well as a pint and a smaller bottle of tequila. State Patrol found receipts for the alcohol in Peder's 1998 Ford Explorer, as well as the bottle of vodka, half-empty.
Peder's blood-alcohol content was taken at the scene, less than an hour after the crash, and came back at .16 BAC, which is twice the legal limit.
A past history of DUI
Peder had twice before been arrested for driving under the influence. The first time was in 1998, but the charge was reduced to negligent driving. The district court deferred the sentence and dismissed the charge after Peder completed a DUI victims panel and an alcohol evaluation. According to Goodhew, in that case, the judge threw out Peder's breathalyzer results, and the prosecutors pleaded down the charge to a lesser charge that would still go on his record.
Peder got his second DUI arrest in 2008, which was amended to reckless endangerment. Peder was given a two-year suspended sentence.
Again, this was a case where Peder's breathalyzer was thrown out, Goodhew said. This time it was due to the Ahmach decision, a 2007 decision by a panel of judges that dismissed all breathalyzer tests after finding fault with the Washington State Patrol crime lab. Currently prosecutors cannot use breathalyzers in their court cases, Goodhew said.
Goodhew said prosecutors plan on bringing the issue back to the panel in August to allow breathalyzers, the prosecution's most important piece of evidence, back into play.
Without that evidence, prosecutors are hard pressed to get a DUI conviction, which is why Peder was able to plead down, Goodhew said.
"That's why we (pleaded down)," Goodhew said. "Reckless endangerment would still count if he did something horrible, we want at least some type of conviction on his record."
When he crashed into Beaver's car, Peder was still on active suspension for his last DUI.
If convicted on the two counts of vehicular assault, King County prosecutors say he could receive 5 to 7 years in jail.
That is actually on the high end of the sentence, Goodhew said, as one count is 2 to 3 years. By being able to stack the counts, plus adding two years for his past, the prosecutors can bring the sentence up to 5 to 7 years.
Prosecutors are still looking at filing charges for vehicular assault against Peder for what happened to Beaver, Goodhew said. However, first they need to look at any possible long-term damage, which could lengthen the sentence for Peder if convicted, Goodhew said.
Washington state's DUI laws
In Washington state, a person convicted of a DUI will never face more than a year in prison, according to state law (RCW 46.61.5055). For repeat offenders who have been caught at least twice before, the maximum sentence is a year in jail and up to 150 days of electronic home monitoring. The maximum fine for a DUI is set at $5,000, although depending on the amount of times the defendant has been caught, the fine could be as low as $865.
First time offenders face a minimum of a one-day jail sentence and 15 days at home on electronic monitoring.
Licenses can be taken away; however, driving with a suspended license is still a common occurrence. According to Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), 50 to 75 percent of drunken drivers whose licenses are suspended continue to drive.
Is the law strict enough?
According to the Washington State Sentencing Guidelines Commission, the average sentence for arson is just over four years. The average sentence for assault can be 13 years, or can even go up to life, depending on the circumstances. Promoting prostitution can get a defendant five years and robbery will get a defendant six and a half years.
Latanya Clemmons, the sister of Lakewood cop killer Maurice Clemmons, who helped hide the suspected getaway driver in a Federal Way motel, was given five years for her role. Vehicular homicide, where alcohol is involved, has an average sentence of two to three years.
"Vehicular homicide is unbelievably low," Goodhew said.
In Washington state, vehicular homicide is separate from manslaughter, which can carry a higher sentence. For example, if someone is playing with a gun that accidentally fires and kills another person, the person holding the gun could be charged with manslaughter in the first degree and would face six to nine years in prison for one count, according to Goodhew.
"It's never made a lot of sense, just because it's reckless in a car rather than with a gun," Goodhew said.
In Federal Way
In 2007, 317 drivers were arrested in Federal Way for DUI, officer Raymond Bunk said. In 2008, 297 were arrested, he said.
Not everyone who is pulled over is arrested. If the driver does not show symptoms of intoxication and passes the field sobriety test, he or she is typically deemed capable of driving.
Nationally, according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 15.1 percent of the nation's drivers (18 and older) drove under the influence of alcohol at least once from 2004-2006. States with the highest rates of driving under the influence of alcohol in that time frame, among adults ages 18 or older, were Wisconsin (26.4 percent), North Dakota (24.9 percent), Minnesota (23.5 percent), Nebraska (22.9 percent), and South Dakota. Washington state came in halfway through the list, at 13.8 percent.
According to Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD):
On average someone is killed by a drunk driver every 45 minutes. In 2008, an estimated 11,773 people died in drunk driving related crashes, a decline of 9.8 percent from the 13,041 drunk driving related fatalities of 2007.
In 2001, more than half a million people were injured in crashes where police reported that alcohol was present — an average of one person injured almost every minute.
In 2007, the rate of alcohol impairment among drivers involved in fatal crashes was four times higher at night than during the day (36 percent vs. 9 percent).
Alcohol-related crashes in the United States cost the public an estimated $114.3 billion in 2000, including $51.1 billion in monetary costs and an estimated $63.2 billion in quality of life losses. People other than the drinking driver paid $71.6 billion of the alcohol-related crash bill, which is 63 percent of the total cost of these crashes.
In 2007, 31.6 percent of the 41,059 traffic fatalities occurred in crashes in which at least one driver or non-occupant had a BAC of 0.08 or greater.
A first time drunk driving offender on average has driven drunk 87 times prior to being arrested.
This article was originally published in the Federal Way Mirror on June 17, 2010.


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text:
In most new-home communities, buyers can select from not only several floor plans and exterior elevations, they also get to choose the lot to put it on.
Typically, buyers select a lot based on size, foliage and view. But there's much more to picking a home site than that.
Take positioning.
Daniel Van Epp, executive vice president and chief operating officer at Newland Communities, one of the nation's largest developers of master-planned communities, suggests that before you choose the site, you should see how your home will receive sunlight, its main source of heat.
"The orientation can make as much difference in your energy bills as building a home that's meant to be energy efficient from the ground up," says Van Epp, whose privately held company is based in San Diego.
Generally, the house should be positioned so the kitchen has an eastern exposure for natural light in the morning and the living areas face west to get the afternoon sun. But there are regional variations. If you live in a hot or humid climate, look for a lot where the longest side of the house faces north or south to minimize exposure to the sun.
Here's a short course on the other things you'll need to consider:
*Size: The size of your lot will probably depend on cost: the larger the piece of ground, the more you can expect to pay. But after that, buyers tend to base their decisions on emotion.
While a large lot may be appealing, think about who is going to tend to the grass, trim and prune the shrubs and rake the leaves. If you enjoy this sort of thing, go for big. But not only is it more expensive to keep a large yard shipshape, it also will cost more to landscape.
Large lots also are more taxing, as in property taxes.
From a purely investment point of view, however, nationally recognized architect and land planner Quincy Johnson says that, as a general rule, pick the smaller lot in a neighborhood of larger ones. All things equal, houses on small lots tend to appreciate more rapidly than small houses on larger lots in the same subdivision.
*Terrain: Trees are nice, but in many places, they shed -- and someone has to rake up or blow away all those leaves.
Besides, there's more to the topography than trees.
For example, an uphill lot not only provides better drainage, it also displays a house more effectively. "Psychological studies have shown that people feel more secure when they look down at the street rather than up," says the Boca Raton, Fla.-based Johnson.
Also, perspective will trick the eyes, making a house on an uphill lot or one that sits further back on the lot seem larger and more impressive. But the farther back a house sits, the more expensive it is to build.
*View: What you see out your windows is important, whether it's water, woods, mountains or even an impressive skyline. But don't let the current picture bewitch you. Things change.
A water view may not be a water view later when the area is completely developed. And that stretch of meadow on the other side of the road may be a shopping center or gas station one day. So investigate the future of your area before making a decision Master-planned projects, on the other hand, are put together as a single entity, so "there's a little more reliance on what you see is what you get," Van Epp says. "Also, while master-planned developments tend to have a variety of different housing types ... they all fit together."
Either way, though, it's a good idea to study the plan for the area to determine what, if anything, is penciled in -- for next door and down the road.
*Orientation: There isn't much wiggle room in most subdivisions. Aside from "flipping" the floor plan -- reversing the plan so what's on the left is now on the right, and vice versa -- a builder usually can't position a house on the lot much differently. So if conservation is your bag, you might want to pick the lot first and the floor plan second.
Another consideration is your family's lifestyle. If you or your spouse is a late riser, for example, don't pick a lot where the sun comes streaming through the bedroom windows at the crack of dawn. Also try to take advantage of prevailing breezes.
Overall, though, Van Epp says buyers should focus on the lot first: "The market value of the house is most affected by the lot, not the layout."
*Location: If you need to make a fast getaway in the morning, consider a lot near the entrance of your new community. But if you have small children and traffic is a concern, go for one toward the rear.
Cul-de-sacs are out of favor with big developers because they suggest a less-connected community. "The whole art and science is back to a more gridlike pattern, which is more walkable," Van Epp says.
Still, if traffic and privacy are important, consider a house on a balloon-shaped lot where there is no through traffic.
Also consider the lots' relationship to parks, greenbelts, walkways and other amenities.
*Shape: Sites come in many configurations -- square, rectangular, irregular and pipe stem, or flag-shaped -- each with advantages and disadvantages.
Corner lots tend to be the most prized. But, then, they are usually more costly.
Write to Lew Sichelman c/o Chicago Tribune, Real Estate, 435 N. Michigan Ave., 4th floor, Chicago IL 60611. Or e-mail him firstname.lastname@example.com. Sorry, he cannot make personal replies. Answers will be supplied only through the newspaper.


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Atlus has just sent over this brand new trailer for 3D Dot Game Heroes that shows off the ability to "enhance" your power and size with one quick trip to the blacksmith.
Now thats a broadsword. Gonna love playing this game for sure.
IMHO, Atlus is what SE used to be. Only they actually put out a diverse range of games.
The classic Final Fantasy, Legend of Zelda, and Dragon Warrior Nostalgia is huge in America, but no so much in JP. This isa game that will be bigger in the States, mostly cause we love Zelda the most, and this is like being the first nextgen Zelda but with that classic style that gives us a fantastic flashback to the 80's.
You are 100% right, atlus just seems to being putting out these A+ titles all the time. SOme of them are pretty niche but for the most part nothing but awesome.
it says in stores 11th may or something, i know people like nostalgia, but surely this cant be full price? lol... it seems more like a wii type game than ps3... i might pay £3-£4 pounds for a game like this but thats it.
im being genuine, id really like to know what you dissagree with? is it that its coming out 11th may? well it cant be cos i checked again and it is lol... the next thing i said was a question so cant be that, you dissagree that i would pay £3-£4? how much would i pay then? lmao... seriously i just checked google, and my jaw hit the floor! this is a full price release! i even saw one price £62 pounds!!!!! really? but is this like a mini game inside a real game or what? i feel like im in the twilight zone cos everyone is really excited for this, are you all being sarcastic? im not taking the p**s i would really like to know.
Everyone is disagreeing with your cause it doesnt look like a budget release at all. It looks awesome, its has a MSRP of 39.99 here in NA also so i guess it is budgetish.
If you look into the game you will see that its actually a reall interesting concept. You are just hung up on the visual style of it.
This is a retail release, not a PSN release, but not a full price game, either. It's $40 US. I don't know much else about it, so if you think it's not worth that price, I won't argue with you. If i find myself with some money to spend in May though, I will certainly be checking this out.
it just looks really old lol, like if sega re released alex kis or something, would you pay $40 just for that? and also i guess i take into account the cost and effort to make a game also... really how much did this cost to make? and how long did it take? the gameplay just looks boring, swing round a giant sword? lmao... look i respect your decisions... you like this game, i really cant believe it, but you do ok... ive played games like that 20 years ago mate... if i bought a game out which was like the really old ball and stick games, would you buy that for $40, yeah i remember those games lol, just move the stick up and down lol... im just really really suprised this isnt a psn game... how much blu-ray space does it take up lmao! wipeout hd was only like a gig, surely this doesnt take up more... but hey ok cool, its defo not for me but i hope you have fun with it.
That was ridiculous. Male enhancement product commercial spoof. I can't believe these guys, they're like the "scary movie" of the video game world.
"if i bought a game out which was like the really old ball and stick games, would you buy that for $40, yeah i remember those games lol, just move the stick up and down lol..."
I guess you never heard of "Shatter"? It's a psn title look it up, this obvious has more value to it than that game though, hence the reason it's not a psn game. I do agree that it's probably small enough in file size to be on PSN though but don't expect it to be any less than $30 if/when it does hit.
Judging from your comments you must be about 14 years old. Obviously a game like this has no appeal to you because you have never played NES or even SNES. The thing about this game is that it's so nostalgic to those of us who are old enough to have played Zelda on a console before game cube or the wii. I personally can't wait to play this game and am willing to pay full retail for it.
It's not like they're charging $60 for it, they know they're audience and he simply does not apply.
im actually 28, so twice that age, i guess you didnt read my last post... if you want you can add me on psn, and ill vid chat with you... come on dont go throwing round insults, ive not insulted you... im just genuinely suprsed that they could make this game, pretty cheaply lets be honest, in a relatively short space of time, and charge 2/3 of full retail price... to me thats just crazy sorry... i have played nes... infact i started on a bloody spectrum mate, and seriously my dad had one og those stick consoles, you just twisted a knob to make the stick go up and down lmao... the spectrum well it was great waiting 5 mins for the cassette tape to load! lol... i see the nostalgis thats fine, and if this was released for about £5 on psn i could see you wanting to play it, even i could maybe stretch to that, but anymore noway! family guy i dont have a beef lmao, im really just shocked to be honest. ok gt5 taking 5 plus years, costing god knows how much to make, and its gonna be like $10 more than this, seriously?
so shatter was $40 and a retail release? come on chap be resonable... you could of even said magic ball... but they are samll psn games and thats fine... but to put it on a blu-ray and sell it for $40 would be crazy surely? would you buy it? lol
Weather or not this is worth the price of a full retail release is a matter of opinion. I personally wouldn't spend 40$ on it.
If there is alot of content I can see how this will appeal to many gamers that like the old school retro gameplay. Someone who enjoys this style of gameplay will find value in it.
I hate RTS games but they seem to manage a following without my support. It will be the same for this title.
it would really kill you to agree with me wouldnt it lmao... when you conpare tyhis to ANY modern full price retail game i really dont see how it could stand up value wise, yes i dont dount people will like it, thats cool, im shocked though at what they are willing to pay.. i quite like rts games as it goes, but you can play them online for FREE lol, ok not the best ones but still, the best ones wouldnt cost $40, and if they did i wouldnt buy it.... hold up didnt they charge full price for halo wars? well i think that survived by name alone really, at that price... surely there has to be some correlation between effort and tim and price no? anyway come here and give me a hug you big softie lol.
edit: wow my typing is shocking! lol
I guess you missed that part. Shatter was a VERY short game with NO story but I used it as a comparison to your stick ball reference. It's an updated stick ball game that was successful and the difference in cost is the difference in production values of the two games.
Do you REALLY believe 3D Dot Heroes should be a $8 PSN title? That would be ridiculously under-priced for what you get compared to other PSN games. Have you played Fat Princess? Even that game was $15 but it was reeeeeaally short as well.
The game isn't for you, $40 seems just fine to me.
"ok gt5 taking 5 plus years, costing god knows how much to make, and its gonna be like $10 more than this, seriously?"
First off GT5 will be $20 more
Second GT5 Prologue would be a better comparison as it released at $40 and had very little content yet fans were pleased
Third, GT5 it's IS UNDER-PRICED! I've actually mentioned this in a few GT5 "features" articles: GT5, for what you're getting compared to ANY other racing game is just insane. It should actually retail in the $100 range. Consumers luck out it that situation I guess though.
This game isn't for you, why can't you just leave it at that?
yes i see it possibly has a little extra value... but not THAT much, also i dont see the point of making it on a blu-ray, surely this game is under a gig? have i played fat princess? nope, it was over priced just like this game... personally i think MOST gmaes are overpriced, and i rarely pay full price, i do like the way sony exclusives have arguably better quality, most the time, yet they are cheaper than multiplats... its kinda mad seen as multiplats have a larger audience to sell too, wouldnt you agree?... i dont think ive ever payed full price for a multiplat, most i will get pre owned, games ive paid full price for... uncharted 2, killzone 2, hmmmmm thats it i think lol... and when i say full price i mean i shopped around, killzone 2 i bought at launch for like £32 quid... i see that as fair.... but yes i agree this game isnt for me, and like ive said i do hope you enjoy it and get your moneys worth, thats all i was wondering about..
so how much more is it? you see gt5 as being under priced... i dont, i see it as bang on value for money, that is why ill pick that up day one with no problems of thinking ive been ripped off.... i see 3d dot heroes as being vastly over priced! and hense i wont pick it up, i think pricing this gen is a bit crazy, like map packs and such, look at capcom, charging what £3.50 for 4 costumes!!! costumes that are on the disk anyway!!! maybe thats why this dev thinks they can charge as much as they are? anyway man take care and happy gaming.
All PS3 games are on Blu-ray...
If you mean to say it should be a PSN titled based on disc size alone i say this:
Not everyone has their PS3 hooked up to the internet
Not every PS3 owner has a PSN account
Not everyone has good download speeds for buying online titles.
Being released on disc garners a higher number of possible support for the title.
At best you should be saying it should be on PSN as well, but not solely on PSN.
In USD
GT5 is $60
3d Dot $40
GT5Pro $40
"i think pricing this gen is a bit crazy, like map packs and such, look at capcom, charging what £3.50 for 4 costumes!!! costumes that are on the disk anyway!!!"
I agree, i hate the direction DLC is taking and some games charge $1 per skin, it's ridiculous and I avoid it if I don't see the value or have some unfound urge to simply further support the developer (case of UC2)
I'm a have a tough choice come May... ModNation, Lost Planet 2, or 3D Dot... Dx
I'm going for LP2 on May. When's Dead Rising 2 coming out. I'll be getting that before any other game that month too.
3D Dot im still not sure about.
That little guy's got a lot of upper body strength lol.
You obviously haven't played/seen enough JPRGs/anime.
wanna take out the WHOLE screen with one swipe
Even the music sounds like remixed versions of the Zelda: Link To The Past music. Sweet.
Oh yeah its totally a rip off of Zelda, but thats ok cause it looks awesome!
Homage is a much better word choice i agree, bubbles for you!
freakin' can't wait for this game to come out!!!
This game so a must buy. I want it badly. I guess its only 39 bucks too
Yup. I'll take a cheaper price point over "Collector's" pack-ins any time. (But especially in this crappy economy.)
I can't wait for this game.
: )
I'm glad some developers still remember what gaming is all about...the experience.
Whether it's just for fun...for storyline...or both. Gaming is a way to take us to different worlds.
Now, all I can hope for is a good Lord of the Rings game. (I know about the good one's already...so, don't bother guys.) Third Age was awesome!
I just want a well-done story-based LOTR game.
You listening, Bethesda?
I can't wait for this game. I wish they would have a limited edition or something like they did with Demon's Souls.
Looks better and better every time i see it
This game definitely has a nostalgic glow to it.
Day 1
Day 1 in my pocket. Can't wait for this one too (flash back to Zelda AAAAHHHH)
I only wish they had that guy from the Enzyte commercial narrate this. Would've been the whipped cream on the cherry, so to speak.


text:
Oncorhynchus nerka
|Scope: Global
Language: English
|Scientific Name:
|Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum, 1792)
|Infra-specific Taxa Assessed:
Common Name(s):
Salmo nerka Walbaum, 1792
|Taxonomic Notes:
|In the 2008 Red List assessment, a total of 75 extant and five extinct 'subpopulations' were identified across the natural range of O. nerka. In the 2011 amendment, several of these subpopulations were further subdivided based on additional input from salmon specialists (Pacific Salmon Commission, PSC, and Fisheries and Oceans Canada, DFO), resulting in a total of 98 subpopulations, of which 93 are extant. The subpopulations in this assessment are considered independent and reproductively isolated from each other.
The assessors used a combination of ecoregional (i.e., marine and freshwater habitat-based) classification and the degree of genetic divergence between known spawning 'locations', using an FST value of 0.04, representing a threshold level of gene flow between putative 'subpopulations' of less than or equal to one effective migrant per year. The five extinct subpopulations were based on Gustafson et al. 2007. While the assessors acknowledge that it is not straightforward to ascribe demographic or geographic distinctness to a subpopulation based on observed genetic distances, they feel it is the most appropriate methodology given the scale of the assessment and the paucity of observations of stray rates among the spawning locations considered in this assessment.
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Least Concern ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
|Rand, P.S.
|Ruggerone, G. & English, K.
|Goslin, M.
At the global population level, Sockeye Salmon are assigned a Red List status of Least Concern (LC). The median and mean rate of change across the 62 assessed populations indicate an expanding global population (9.0 and 72.4 % increase, respectively, over the past three generations), thus there is no evidence of risk to the species under Red List A2 criterion. With an estimated geographic range of 11.5 million km², there is no evidence of threat to the global population under criterion B1 (Table 1). Similarly, at 1.9 million km² of current occupancy (freshwater basin area), there is no evidence of threat under criterion B2 (Table 1). Approximately 7% of the historical range of Sockeye Salmon has been lost due to localized extinction events, but we conclude the species is not threatened globally.
For all Figures, Tables and more details about the methods used for this assessment, see the Supplementary Material.
|Previously published Red List assessments:
|Range Description:
|The current distribution of Oncorhynchus nerka extends from approximately 45–70°N to 140°E–125°W longitude. The species has been recorded from Russia, United States, Canada, and Japan, although the Japanese populations are likely to have resulted from introductions; Japan is therefore not considered to be part of this species' natural range.
See the Supplementary Material (particularly Figures 1 & 2, and Appendices 1 & 2) for details on the range of this species and of each of the 98 subpopulations identified.
|Countries occurrence:
Native:Canada (British Columbia, Yukon); Russian Federation (Kamchatka, Khabarovsk, Kuril Is., Magadan); United States (Alaska, Aleutian Is., Idaho - Regionally Extinct, Oregon - Regionally Extinct, Washington)
|FAO Marine Fishing Areas:
Arctic Sea; Pacific – northwest; Pacific – northeast
|Additional data:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|At the species level, the population is believed to be stable; however, some subpopulations are declining. For more details on subpopulation size estimates and trends, see the additional supporting documentation (particularly Appendix 2). Follow the link below for a PDF of the additional supporting documentation.
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|The species exhibits a great variety of life history patterns. It has a life history form called "Kokanee" that lives its entire life within freshwater, but this assessment includes only anadromous populations commonly referred to as "Sockeye" or "Red Salmon". Sockeye are born in gravel nests in rivers or lakes and the majority of life history forms rear as juveniles for one to three years in freshwater before migrating to the ocean. Some Sockeye assume a river-type life history and rear in a river channel, while others are lake-type and rear in a lake environment. Primary prey during this life history stage include zooplankton and stream invertebrates. Some sea-type populations migrate within one to three months following emergence, and these make extensive use of estuaries. Most populations spend one to three years in offshore feeding areas where they grow to maturity (ca. 50-60 cm total length, 2.5-3.0 kg weight). Diet in the ocean consists primarily of zooplankton (copepods and euphausiids), but their diet also includes squids and fishes. Natural predators during this period in their life history include Salmon Sharks (Lamna ditropis) and Daggertooth (Anotopterus nikparini). Foraging individuals mix among populations both within and between Asia and North America, but at maturity they all migrate back toward their natal freshwater habitat where they spawn and die. The return to natal habitat and the isolation of spawning populations results in considerable genetic differentiation and adaptation to local conditions. Many fish are intercepted by fishers during the homeward, spawning migration, and natural predators include seals, sea lions and bears. Spawning occurs in late summer and autumn, in lake outlet or lake tributary streams or along lake beaches in finer sediments where subterranean upwelling occurs or among boulders on wave-aerated shores. River-type Sockeye spawn in river channels not associated with lakes. Adults display bright red bodies and green heads. Males compete with each other for access to females. Females compete with each other for gravel sites where they build nests, deposit eggs (fecundity typically ranges from 2,000–5,000 eggs), and briefly guard the redd. Median population size for the species is ca. 6,000 individuals. Reviews of life history and ecology of the species appear in Smith et al. (1987), Burgner (1991), Wood (1995) and Quinn (2005).
|Freshwater; Marine
|Movement patterns:
|Full Migrant
|Use and Trade:
|A certain percentage of Sockeye are captured and killed exclusively for their roe (eggs, caviar). This occurs primarily in the Russian portion of their natural range, and the fishery is illegal and the take is unreported.
|Major Threat(s):
The key threats to the species identified by the IUCN SSC Salmon Specialist Group were:
|Conservation Actions:
1. Many subpopulations of Sockeye in British Columbia were found to be threatened based on this assessment. Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) is responsible for salmon management and is currently formulating conservation units (Holtby and Ciruna, unpublished manuscript) and initiating new policy (e.g,. Wild Salmon Policy) and procedures to stem the loss in diversity (DFO 2005, Irvine and Fraser 2008). Two locations of Sockeye Salmon, Sakinaw Lake and Cultus Lake, have been assessed and listed as Endangered by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). However, the federal government has declined protection under the Species at Risk Act (SARA) due to the social and economic costs of closures to the fishery (Irvine et al. 2005). We encourage COSEWIC and DFO to focus attention on those subpopulations that we identified as threatened in this IUCN assessment.
2. We considered Ozette Lake, Lake Pleasant and Quinault Lake Sockeye Salmon as individual spawning sites in a larger subpopulation (SEASONAL UPWELLING). These lake systems are recognized individually as Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The latter two sites were not included in the genetic baseline applied in this assessment, thus we assumed all sites are members of a larger, parent subpopulation. Further, we did not include Ozette Lake in our assessment given the recent escapement data available for the native beach-spawning population at that location is obscured by repeated attempts at establishing a tributary spawning population originating from broodstock taken from outside the basin. We encourage efforts at expanding the range-wide microsatellite-DNA baseline to include Lake Pleasant and Quinault Lake, and to investigate the status of the native beach-spawning Sockeye in Ozette Lake.
3. Most of the data used in our assessment, particularly in Alaska, were from large aggregate stocks that may contain many (sometimes 100s) of individual spawning sites, and hence may mask important dynamics occurring at small scales. While a number of recent studies have shown that there is a significant degree of coherence among populations within a given region, it is important to acknowledge that a majority of the variability in vital rates are not explained by regional, environmental drivers, and may result from localized threats, for example road or other infrastructural development, or by different life history characteristics which affect productivity. Where possible and feasible, we recommend a more comprehensive monitoring approach that addresses dynamics at the scale of individual spawning sites. An excellent example of this approach is the Wood River system in Alaska's Bristol Bay region, where a combination of sampling approaches provides a more integrated monitoring system that translates into a robust assessment of the status of the species in that basin.
4. Mixed-stock fishing is likely to be a key factor in the decline observed at many sites and subpopulations in our assessment. We feel a key priority is filling a gap in knowledge about composition of mixed-stock harvest in coastal Sockeye Salmon fisheries. While a great deal of resources has been invested in developing weak-stock management for Fraser River Sockeye Salmon through the Pacific Salmon Commission and DFO, there has been much less attention placed in other regions along the west coast of North America, particularly in the regions where we found the greatest diversity of subpopulations. We encourage continued investment in developing methods and protocols to account for subpopulation composition of coastal fisheries targeting Sockeye salmon to help track harvest pressure at a biologically and ecologically meaningful scale. Further, we encourage fisheries management agencies to explore restructuring fisheries in a way that would result in shifting fishing pressure from coastal regions to more terminal locations, thus providing a more effective means of controlling fishing pressure at the scale of individual subpopulations.
5. Another leading factor threatening Sockeye Salmon are poor marine survival rates. This has been documented in cases where smolt-to-adult survival rates are estimated through intensive monitoring programs. This appears to be a significant factor explaining declines in adult abundance across many locations in the southern range of the species in North America. While marine conditions have been shown to cycle based on climate forcing and may, in fact, improve in future years, we feel it is important for those managing salmon in this region to acknowledge that poor marine survival may persist, particularly given projections based on global climate change. Reversing declining trends in those subpopulations affected may require increased attention to agents of mortality that are occurring at other life history stages over which we have more local control.
6. Many previous attempts at re-introductions of Sockeye Salmon have been unsuccessful, and we feel any effort at captive breeding or inter-basin transfers for reintroduction purposes should proceed with great caution. These efforts, to the extent that they exist, are at best stop-gap measures and are in no way a substitute for conserving the species in the wild. The lack of success from the captive breeding of endangered Sakinaw Sockeye Salmon by DFO, and endangered Redfish Lake Sockeye by NMFS, are examples of the limitations to these expensive measures. Recent evidence of re-establishment of anadromous runs of Sockeye from remnant, isolated Kokanee populations following dam removal or modification (e.g., Allouette Lake in British Columbia) may offer hope in re-establishing anadromous life histories in cases where dams have prevented passage.
7. Enhancement activities (particularly hatchery releases and spawning channel construction) is likely to be a key factor in reducing abundance in neighbouring, small wild populations. In our assessment, we were unable to functionally track both wild and enhanced Sockeye Salmon where they intermingle. We strongly recommend adoption of integrated monitoring programs that includes a robust marking program and monitoring efforts targeted toward wild Sockeye Salmon populations that would provide the data necessary to address the degree to which enhancement practices threaten wild Sockeye Salmon. It is important to note that two large basins in our assessment (Fraser and Skeena) are all strongly. influenced by enhancement activities, and these activities likely represent a key factor threatening many neighbouring subpopulations.
8. While not addressed in the present assessment due to lack of data, we feel there should be more focused research attention on sea-and river-type Sockeye that may serve as colonizers in the future. This line of research is particularly important given expected habitat alterations from climate change.
9. Very few data were available to assess population viability of Sockeye Salmon in the Russian Far East, and we document a significant reduction in escapement in recent years at a site within the Kamchatka River basin that warranted an endangered listing for this subpopulation. The leading threat recognized for this subpopulation is overfishing. The situation has been exacerbated by an increase in illegal fishing practices. We encourage the leading agencies in this region to provide more open access to data, and supporting meta-data, for assessment purposes. We also encourage development of new monitoring efforts throughout the region and increased enforcement to reduce poaching. Many populations of river-type Sockeye exist, particularly in western Kamchatka, and focused research on these populations will provide important insight into the status of the species there.
|Rand, P.S. 2011. Oncorhynchus nerka. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2011: e.T135301A4071001. . Downloaded on 22 September 2018.
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J. Hugo writes "The Evil Within, for many horror gamers, looked like the type of game they wanted and/or needed, and Mikami being behind the project only made it all the sweeter. However, I've had some reservations. Don't get me wrong, I'm pretty excited for the game. However, will The Evil Within really turn out to be that breath of fresh air for horror games that everyone thinks it will be?"
I must be the only one who is scared of gore. Brutal and violent deaths scare me, yes. I remember watching Martyrs. I was terrified the whole time because I was like "Oh my god, I'm going to se horrible things, I'm so scared". Same thing with Resi 4. Whenever I heard that guy with his chainsaw approaching I was thinking "Nooo, I don't want to lose my head, pleaaase". Anyway. Can't wait to see more of The Evil Within. If the game is as creepy as the live trailer was, then it's going to be an instant buy for me.
Classic Resident Evil always gave you an option of fight or flight when it came to any situation. There were situations where there were monsters in enclosed spaces however if you time the sidesteps just right you can dodge the mob or better yet make a zombie fall over into the others so you can run past which I usually did. Then there is expert use of the knife which many game guides would tell you to discard but can be very effective in getting past enemies with some well-timed slashes to the leg.
Another issue I have with the article is the perfect balance between horror and horror. I think Resident Evil II nailed in my opinion even though Mikami only had a supervisory role in it's creation. Of course there were over the top boss fights and explosions however they were never frequent enough to break the game's atmosphere.
And why.....WHY do people always think they have to add "I wasn't scared when I played X game" to sound like a badass, so what? You don't have to be terrified of the game or movie to appreciate the effort of the creators to induce fear. This was the most frequent response that supporters of Resident Evil's action transition which has Capcom regretting their decision to follow suit. It's should be one of the questions that should be answered only when asked in my opinion.
Sounds like nitpicking to me in those areas but the read gave some valid concerns.
I'll be surprised if this game isn't amazing considering who's directing it.
I'm gonna need an army to support my flame shield but I thought everything about this game's trailer was cheesy as hell.
I'll reserve judgement till I see some gameplay though.
more like a Pessimistic pessimist. This is Shinji Mikami!!. And this is his "Recent" horror game. The last horror game he made was way back in 2005 RE4. So I doubt this will be terrible. He never made a "Bad" horror game even once. This will be a breathe of fresh air because:
1. we are suffocated by shooters!!.
2. Its a classic survival horror modified with modern gaming mechanics (Not action packed, COD style)
3.Bethesda is giving freedom for tango gameworks
4. Lastly, Core elements in horror games doesn't need to be changed, The atmosphere, sound, the enemies and fight or flee mechanics. I was dreaming of a horror game like Siren blood curse where you will "Sneak" past enemies and its a very scary and intense feeling but with a big production value like resident evil 4!!. And this is it!!


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Acanthus Leaf
Learn how to carve this classic detail – follow a few rules, and it's simple.
By Mary May
Pages 34-39
The beauty and elegance of the acanthus leaf has inspired artists, architects and craftsmen for centuries. Among furniture makers, carving this classic detail is a rite of passage, much like making your first hand-cut dovetails. If you are interested in carving, the acanthus leaf should certainly be in your repertoire.
The acanthus plant, also known by the common name of "Bear's Breeches," is native to the Mediterranean. It has thick, spiny leaves with serrated edges and produces large 2′- to 3′-long spikes of white or purple flowers. The word acanthus comes from the Greek word ake, meaning a point or thorn, and anthos, meaning flower. The acanthus plant most resembles the dandelion, thistle and artichoke plants.
The acanthus first appears in the decorative and architectural arts of Greece around the 5th century B.C. The most familiar historical use for the acanthus on a curved or turned surface is on the capitals of Corinthian columns.
At first, the designs based on the acanthus leaf were accurately portrayed and extremely lifelike. As this motif grew popular, it became more stylized and has now evolved into an imaginary leaf of many uses. The acanthus design can be seen in everything from embroidery to architectural designs and furniture details.
Acanthus leaves in wooden, carved furniture became common in the 18th century. Many European-trained furniture makers settling in America brought different styles and techniques to this new furniture style. These craftsmen were able to achieve an amazingly high level of design during the Queen Anne and Chippendale periods. The acanthus leaf design was incorporated into furnishings such as table bases, chairs, highboys, tea tables and bed posts.
If you study the details of acanthus leaf designs, you will notice that no two are alike. There are some designs where the leaves are hollow, some are rounded and some have a combination of both rounded and hollow sections. They vary so greatly in style and shape that they are sometimes difficult to identify as an acanthus leaf.
One way I like to advise students on how to become familiar with the design of acanthus leaves is to start to draw examples that they see – whether from photographs or drawings, or actual examples of the carving on furniture. The more you understand how to draw the leaves, the more you will be able to recognize the subtleties of this versatile design. Carving the acanthus leaf is similar to drawing it. Because these leaves are often carved in shallow relief, you are virtually drawing with your chisels.
Step-by-step Process
Beginning on the next page, I show the step-by-step process of how to carve an acanthus leaf design; this particular design is based on the turned pedestal of a Charleston, S.C., tea table, dated 1755-1775. I'm carving the design onto a turned bedpost, which is part of a four-post bed made by Greg Guenther.
Web site: Visit Mary May's web site to see more of her work, and find out when and where she's teaching.
Video: Watch as Mary May shows you how to sharpen one of the essential tools for woodcarving – the V-chisel.
In Our Store: "How to Carve an Acanthus Leaf on a Cabriole Leg and on a Turned Post," DVD from Mary May.
Online Learning: Mary May has just launched an online video school to teach carving; find out more.
From the October 2012 issue #199
Buy this issue now


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Susan's High-Energy Entertaining Kitchen
Susan is an entertainer extraordinaire, an expert at bringing together an eclectic group of people for an evening (or morning, or afternoon!) of delicious food, cocktails, even live entertainment. And all the magic starts in her San Francisco kitchen, where she admittedly cooks "all the time" for entertaining friends a few times a week. Comfortable, cozy, homey - who wouldn't want to sit at her countertop and breathe in the delicious smells coming from her stovetop and oven?
See the Full Tour: Susan's Adventure for the Senses at Apartment Therapy
Related: A Kitchen Built for Entertaining
(Images: Lindsay Tella/Apartment Therapy)


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How to Successfully Dispute Inaccuracies on Your Credit Report
It happens more often than you think. You order a copy of your credit report from each of the three credit reporting agencies—Experian, Equifax and Transunion. As you go through the information, you come across some alarming or downright inaccurate information. What do you do? Dispute it, of course! Learn what you need to know about the credit report dispute process and the steps you have to take to make it as successful a journey as possible.


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Marley Brown is transformed as rodeo comes to Gladstone
GLADSTONE, get ready to be branded with a unique experience.
For the first time in years, Marley Brown Oval will be filled with bulls and cowboys instead of balls and footballers.
The Brand of Experience 4bs Rodeo kicks off at 5pm tonight.
Brand of Experience 4bs Rodeo organiser and promoter Rod Nunn said they were hoping for a large crowd to pack Marley Brown's stadium and watch the action.
"Hopefully it will be one of the best things put on here," Nunn said.
He said there hadn't been a rodeo in Gladstone for 16 years.
As a prime mover of the event, he said his main aim was to aid junior development in the region.
And he knows the importance of that, with two bullriding sons of his own. "It is very important, otherwise you don't prosper. They are our future in any sport." Brand of Experience 4bs Rodeo stock contractor Brian Duggan said top performing bulls would feature in tonight's action. "Game On is unridden in his career so far," Duggan said.
Nunn said many sponsors made the event possible.
Gates open at 4pm. Action begins 5pm. Tickets $20 adults, $10 high school students, $5 primary school students and younger.
Order of events
- Action starts at 5pm
- Junior barrels
- Pee wee barrels
- Steer ride 11 un14
- Junior bull ride
- Poddy ride
- Rookie bull ride
- Open bareback
- Open bull ride
- Break
- Ladies barrel race
- Junior bull ride
- Rookie bull ride
- Open saddle bronc
- Open bull ride


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American Physical Society Sites|APS|Journals|PhysicsCentral|Physics
- American Physical Society Sites
- Publications
- Meetings & Events
- Programs
- Membership
- Policy & Advocacy
- Careers In Physics
- Newsroom
- About APS
- Become a Member
As far back as I can remember, I have been interested in mathematics and physics. I realize that I was at first drawn to the æsthetic aspect, what Gauss called patterns more permanent because they are made with ideas. But I now am starting to understand the effectiveness of combining physical and mathematical techniques in answering fundamental questions in disciplines that had once seemed remote.
The full power and range of this idea were recently crystallized for me when I saw a talk given jointly by the neuroscientists Jonathan Cohen and David Tank. Professor Cohen described their field as essentially a bridge between philosophical attempts to understand the workings of the mind and scientific efforts to understand the circuitry of the brain. I found his next point particularly illuminating: that the complexity of this bridge necessitated an integrated understanding of physical phenomena in the brain and advanced mathematical techniques.
I will attend Princeton University (where Cohen and Tank are both professors) in the fall as a freshman, where I plan to continue to pursue my interests in both physics for its own sake and the connections between physics and neuroscience.


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Join over 80,000 others who are connecting with their cousins and common researchers!
FamilyTreeCircles is easy and free.
I am, in my line, the ninth generation descended from Charles Gingras and Francoise Amiot:
1. Charles and Francoise had Pierre, who married Anne Hamel.
2. Pierre and Anne had Charles, who married Therese Loignon.
3. Charles and Therese has Francois, who married Josette Dame.
4. Francois and Josette had Abraham, who married... more...


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Tuesday marked a year since American journalist Austin Tice was detained while covering the civil war in Syria, one of at least 14 news media workers who've vanished or been seized in the past year, according to press advocacy groups.
Tice's family in his hometown of Houston was reluctant to speak at length about the milestone, explaining that they didn't want to complicate efforts toward winning his release or to single out a particular day when each one is excruciating for detainees who've been snatched from Syria's battlegrounds and kept incommunicado for months.
"We don't even know if Austin knows what day it is," Marc Tice, Austin's father, said in a phone interview. "To him and the other journalists missing or captive, it's just another horrible day for them, and for millions of Syrians."
Tice's case is among the most publicized, but there are several more Americans and other Westerners unaccounted for in Syria. Precise numbers are difficult to pin down because many families and employers have requested media blackouts, especially in cases where it's unclear which group – or even which side of the civil war – has custody of the missing.
Besides Tice, the only other U.S. citizen who's been publicly identified is James Foley, a reporter for the Boston-based news site Global Post, who was last seen Nov. 22, when gunmen forced him into an unmarked car as he was en route to the Turkish border. The Global Post thinks he's being held by pro-regime forces.
The FBI confirmed that agents are working several other cases of Americans missing in Syria, but it declined to give names or other details because of a fear that publicity would derail the investigations.
The State Department is "aware of reports that other U.S. citizens have gone missing in Syria, but due to privacy concerns, we have nothing further to add at this time," spokesman Patrick Ventrell said Tuesday in a statement about Tice's year in detention.
"We have long expressed concern about the safety of journalists in Syria and strongly urge all sides to ensure their safety," Ventrell said. "This serves as a reminder of the great risks journalists are taking in order to shed light on the truth of what is happening in Syria."
The Committee to Protect Journalists ranks Syria as the most dangerous place in the world for journalists, with 13 killed this year and 49 killed since the conflict began in 2011. The group lists 14 local and international journalists as missing, abducted or detained in Syria, although the real number is higher and can't be discussed because of family requests, said Sherif Mansour, the group's Middle East and North Africa program coordinator.
The list from just the past few months includes Syrian television journalists – Obeida Batal, Hossam Nizam al Dine and Aboud al Atik – as well as several Europeans: Polish photographer Marcin Suder, French radio journalists Didier Francois and Edouard Elias, Belgian academic and reporter Pierre Piccinin de Prata and Italian newspaper reporter Domenico Quirico.
In the unreported cases, most news organizations adhere to families' requests for media blackouts though such policies have become difficult to enforce as news of abductions spreads quickly via social media. It's not unusual for the public to learn of an abduction only after the captive is freed.
Last month, for example, a Syrian militia freed French-American photographer Jonathan Alpeyrie after holding him for 81 days. Alpeyrie has told French media outlets that he was kidnapped for ransom, an increasing trend in Syria's lawless terrain.
Mansour said the Committee to Protect Journalists didn't have a catchall policy on media blackouts and assessed them on a case-by-case basis. Sometimes the publicity helps by opening lines of contact and holding kidnappers accountable, he said. Other times, the attention can upset the captors or prompt them to raise their ransom requests.
Media blackouts are often recommended for Syria, he said, because it's so chaotic there that it's virtually impossible to identify which of the hundreds of armed groups roaming the country would negotiate in good faith.
"It's difficult to know who's who and what they're capable of," Mansour said.
The Tice family – and, later, the Foley family – decided to go public early on. The families have established websites and given several interviews pleading for their sons' release.
"It has been 365 days since we last heard from our precious son, beloved brother, adored uncle and faithful friend, Austin," Tice's parents, Marc and Debra, said in a statement posted Tuesday to their website, www.austinticefamily.com. "None of us want to place special significance on this date because we know that every one of those days has been unimaginably challenging for Austin. The most tolerable part of this day is that it means we are one day closer to the return of Austin, of all other hostages, and relief of the suffering of the Syrian people."
Tice, who turned 32 on Sunday, was reporting on the conflict for McClatchy, The Washington Post, CBS and other media outlets when he dropped out of communication last Aug. 13. He was shown alive and in the company of armed men in an amateur video that appeared on YouTube last September. The 47-second clip shows Tice blindfolded and disoriented, mangling an Islamic prayer before crying out, "Oh, Jesus."
Independent analysts say the captors in the video appeared to be pro-regime forces pretending to be a militant Islamist group; President Bashar Assad has long portrayed opponents of his rule as terrorists. Although extremist fighters are at the forefront of the Syrian rebel movement, diplomatic channels, rebel tips and other evidence have signaled that Tice is in the custody of the Syrian government. The Assad regime has never publicly acknowledged holding him.
Tice had entered Syria in May without a visa – a common practice for journalists attempting to cover the rebel side of the conflict there – and traveled throughout the country with anti-Assad forces. He reached the capital, Damascus, late that July and remained in the southwestern suburb of Daraya. He'd planned to leave Syria to meet friends in Lebanon on Aug. 19 or 20. He last communicated with colleagues on Aug. 13, but he didn't reveal precisely how he intended to exit Syria.
The complicated, high-risk logistics Tice faced as he traversed Syria have only grown worse for foreign journalists who've entered since then. And it's no longer just the regime side that poses risks for visiting reporters.
In the year since Tice was taken, the rebel movement has splintered and is now dominated by militant jihadists who've also seized or intimidated media workers. Even the more moderate opposition forces are furious with the West for what they view as a failure to help them topple Assad. They, too, have become more hostile toward foreign media as the war grinds into its third year.
"Overall, there is a trend that those aligned in the opposition against Assad are going after journalists," said Mansour, of the Committee to Protect Journalists. "More and more, opposition forces are trying to have access to their materials and to review their commentary."
Tice, who studied law at Georgetown University and served as an officer in the Marine Corps, was one of the few foreign journalists to report from Damascus as fighting raged in Syria's then-nascent civil war.
His reporting drew on his military background and helped to explain the battles between regime and opposition forces. The rebels Tice traveled with weren't immune to his scrutiny; he reported on their own battlefield atrocities in addition to the losses they suffered from the better-equipped Syrian military.
Tice was part of the McClatchy team that in February won a prestigious George Polk Award for war reporting.
"Austin and a growing list of journalists covering Syria are being held for simply doing their jobs," said Karole Morgan-Prager, McClatchy's general counsel. "We very much look forward to the day that is recognized and that they are released."


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The Spot Central Hostel
Our hostel has a no smoking policy except in the roof top terrace.
Availability & RatesTo view availability and prices please select dates and click 'Update Dates'
Hostel Facilities & Policies
- Adaptors
- Air Conditioning
- Airport Transfers
- Bar
- Bicycle hire
- Bicycle parking
- Board Games
- Book Exchange
- Free Breakfast
- Café
- Common Room
- Credit Cards Accepted
- Currency Exchange
- Dryer
- Express check-in / out
- Telephone/Fax Facilities
- Free City Maps
- Free City Tour
- Free Internet Access
- Free WiFi
- Games Room
- Hair Dryers
- Hot Showers
- House Keeping
- Internet Access
- Self-Catering Facilities
- Late check-out
- Laundry Facilities
- Linen Included
- Security Lockers
- Luggage Storage
- Microwave
- Mini Supermarket
- No Curfew
- Outdoor Terrace
- Reading Light
- Reception (limited hours)
- Steam Room
- Taxes included
- Tea & Coffee Making Facilities
- Tours/Travel Desk
- Towels For Hire
- Vending Machines
- Wake-up calls
- Washing Machine
- Wheelchair Friendly
- Wi-Fi
Cancellation PolicyThis property has a 7 day cancellation policy. Failure to cancel within this time will result in a cancellation charge equal to the first night of your stay.
Must-Read Hostel InfoThis property has specific Terms & Conditions.
If you are planning to arrive between 02:00 and 08:00 please contact the accommodation beforehand.
Check in time at 1pm
Check out time by 11am
Credit Card Facilities
*There is a special Rate in Holy Week and Feria.
If you arrive between 2am and 8 am, please contact us and let us know :)
DirectionsShow MapHide Map
From the airport:
BUS: you can take the special airport bus (AE). You should get off in 'Paseo Colón - Torre del Oro'. Continue walking 200meters and you will see the bullring, then turn right. A few meters you will arrive to Adriano Street. (Our Address is Adriano 6) Bus fare: 4€.
Alternatively, you can take a taxi for 24 € (aprox)
From Prado de San Sebastian & Plaza de Armas Bus Stations: We are located a walking distance from both stations (~8/10min). Please check the map we provide :)
From Santa Justa Train Station: You should take the bus 21 when you leave the station from the main entrance. This bus stops very close to the hostel (Stop: Paseo Colón - Plaza de Toros). From there you can walk (~1/2min). Please check the map we provide :)
.By car: From the SE-30, take exit 17A, (Sevilla Center, Patrocinio, La Cartuja), Continue straight for 2 km to the left until you find the bus station. Turn right and continue until the second traffic light where you turn left into Calle Reyes Católicos. Take the first street on your right and continue straight until the end where you will turn left. The Central Spot 30metros Hostel is located on the left side.
The Spot Central Hostel
C / Adriano, 6


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World Conservation Award (Cub Scouting)
From MeritBadgeDotOrg
Revision as of 12:01, November 5, 2008 by Scouterdennis (Talk | contribs)
| Cub Scout
World Conservation Award
This World Conservation Award can be earned only once while you are in Cub Scouting (i.e. as either a Wolf, Bear, or Webelos Scout; but not by Tiger Cubs).
World Conservation Award (Cub Scouting) requirements
Wolf Scout
Bear Scout
Webelos Scouts (Including those working on Arrow of Light)
View the change list (history) of these requirements. The text of these requirements may be locked. In that case, they can only be edited by an administrator.
Please note any errors found in the above requirements on this article's Talk Page.
The World Conservation Award is worn on the uniform shirt, centered on the right pocket as a temporary patch. It does not replace the World Crest on the uniform.
See also