text:
LA PLATA, Argentina (AP) — Argentine police and soldiers searched house to house, in creeks and culverts and even in trees for bodies on Thursday after floods killed at least 57 people in the province and city of Buenos Aires.
As torrential rains stopped and the waters receded, the crisis shifted to guaranteeing public health and safety in this provincial capital of nearly 1 million people. Safe drinking water was in short supply, and more than a quarter-million people were without power, although authorities said most would get their lights back on overnight.
Many people barely escaped with their lives after seeing everything they own disappear under water reeking with sewage and fuel that rose more than six feet (nearly two meters) high inside some homes. The wreckage was overwhelming: piles of broken furniture, overturned cars, ruined food and other debris.
Their frustration was uncontainable as politicians arrived making promises. President Cristina Fernandez, Gov. Daniel Scioli, Social Welfare Minister Alicia Kirchner and the mayors of Buenos Aires and La Plata were all booed when they tried to talk with victims. Many yelled "go away" and "you came too late."
"I understand you, I understand you're angry," Kirchner said before she and the governor fled in their motorcade from an angry crowd.
"There is no water, there is no electricity. We have nothing," said Nelly Cerrado, who was looking for donated clothing at a local school. "Terrible, terrible what we are going through. And no one comes. No one. Because here, it is neighbors who have to do everything."
The nearby Ensenada refinery, Argentina's largest, remained offline after flooding caused a fire that took hours to quench in the middle of the rainstorm, the state-run YPF oil company said. Later Thursday, YPF said it expected it back online in the coming hours.
Scioli said the death toll had risen to 51 people in and around La Plata, following six deaths in the national capital from flooding two days earlier. But he said nearly all of the missing had been accounted for.
The victims included a member of the Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo human rights group, Lucila Ahumada de Inama, who was found under nearly six feet (about 1.7 meters) of water inside her home. She died without having found her grandson, born in captivity after her pregnant daughter-in-law was kidnapped by Argentina's dictatorship in 1977.
Some flooded residents were being lauded as heroes. Alejandro Fernandez, a 44-year-old policeman who was off-duty when the rains started, pulled out his rubber boat and shuttled about 100 neighbors to higher ground. His neighbor, Dr. Jose Alberto Avelar, turned his home into a clinic, treating dozens for hypothermia.
Fernandez "won't say it because he's too humble, but what he did was incredible," Avelar said. "His action got everyone else helping as well."
A store and an elementary school were looted, but police and troops were helping residents guard neighborhoods to prevent more crimes. In addition to 750 provincial police officers, the national government sent in army, coast guard, police and social welfare workers.
Mobile hospitals were activated after two major hospitals were flooded, and government workers were handing out donated water, canned food and clothing. Provincial Health Minister Alejandro Collia said hepatitis shots were being given at 33 evacuation centers, and that spraying would kill mosquitoes that spread dengue fever.
"The humanitarian question comes first. The material questions will be resolved in time," said Scioli, who promised subsidies, loans and tax exemptions for the victims.
Scioli also thanked Pope Francis for sending a message of support. The governor said "this has to give us all the strength to accompany these families."
Argentina's weather service had warned of severe thunderstorms, but nothing like rainfall that fell this week.
More than 16 inches (400 millimeters) drenched La Plata in just a few hours late Tuesday and early Wednesday — more than has ever been recorded there for the entire month of April.
In both Buenos Aires and La Plata, sewage and storm drain systems were overwhelmed, and low-lying neighborhoods looked something like New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina, with all but the upper parts of houses under water.
And in both cities, politicians sought to fix blame on their rivals as residents complained that government in general was ill-prepared and providing insufficient help.
It didn't help that the mayors of both cities were vacationing in Brazil when disaster struck.
Buenos Aires Mayor Mauricio Macri said Fernandez needs to foster expensive public works projects to cope with storms that will become more frequent due to climate change.
La Plata Mayor Pablo Bruera, meanwhile, arrived home to an additional, self-inflicted disaster: While he was in Brazil, a tweet sent from his official Twitter account falsely claimed he had been "checking on evacuation centers since last night." The tweet even included an old picture of Bruera handing out bottled water.
Bruera told reporters Thursday that he would not resign over the false claim, and that he had instead fired the people responsible for what he called a "mistake by my communications team."
Associated Press Writers Michael Warren and Almudena Calatrava in Buenos Aires contributed to this report.


text:
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is demanding an end to the widespread rapes and attacks on women in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.
Clinton spoke to reporters Tuesday after meeting with Congolese President Joseph Kabila in Goma, the capital of Congo's volatile North Kivu province.
She said there should be "no impunity" for the sexual and gender-based violence in the region, and called for arrests, prosecutions, and punishments.
The United Nations has recorded at least 200,000 cases of sexual violence against women in the region since 1996.
The U.N. says that militias and army troops deployed to subdue them are both responsible for the attacks.
Earlier Tuesday, Clinton met with rape victims at a camp that houses about 18,000 displaced Congolese.
She is scheduled to fly back to Congo's capital, Kinshasa, before heading to Nigeria later in the day.
During a speech to university students in Kinshasa Monday, Clinton called the violence in Kivu "one of mankind's greatest atrocities." She also urged students to speak out against sexual violence and corruption in Congo.
The secretary of state is in the middle of a seven-nation Africa tour designed to promote democracy and development, and strengthen U.S. ties to the continent.
After Congo and Nigeria, she makes stops in Liberia and Cape Verde before returning to Washington later this week.
Earlier stops on the trip were Kenya, South Africa, and Angola.
Some information for this report was provided by AFP, AP and Reuters.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
If you're a .Net developer aliases should be very familiar to you.
if they're not here is a reminder:
using MyAlias = This.Is.My.Full.Namespace.MyClass;
MyAlias m = new MyAlias(); // MyAlias is of course of type MyClass
Well it seems SQL Server 2005 added a similar functionality to T-SQL. It's called Synonyms.
You can use them in all CRUD operations as well as in sub-selects and dynamic SQL
What's interesting is that synonyms are evaluated at run time and the binding between the synonym and an object is by name only.
This means that you can drop the object referenced by the synonym at any time, but you'll get an error only at run-time.
They are useful because they provide a level of abstraction in your app, since you can change the name or even a location of the object
referenced by the synonym.
And not to mention having less to type as seen in this example:
USE tempdb;
-- Create a synonym for the Product table in AdventureWorks.
CREATE SYNONYM MyProduct
FOR AdventureWorks.Production.Product;
-- Query the Product table by using the synonym.
USE tempdb;
SELECT ProductID, Name
FROM MyProduct
WHERE ProductID < 5;
These database objects can be referenced by a synonym:
- SQL stored procedures, scalar, table-valued and inline-tabled-valued functions
- Views
- Local and global temporary tables
- Replication-filter and extended stored procedures
- CLR stored procedures, table-valued, scalar and aggregate functions
Don't know in how widespread use this will be but it's a nice feature that can come in handy.
Print | posted on Monday, November 26, 2007 9:37 PM |
Filed Under [
SQL Server
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Copyright © Mladen Prajdić


text:
Stieglitz Memorial Fund
In 1989 Mr. and Mrs. Lewis N. Stieglitz, M.D. from Concord, New Hampshire, established an endowed fund in memory of their son Martin, a Sociology major, who died in an off-campus apartment fire, spring semester, 1989. The fund enables the Department to invite prominent sociologists and anthropologists to campus each year as Stieglitz Lecturers.
Matthew W. Hughey
- Monday, February 12, 2018
- Lecture: White Bound: Nationalists, Antiracists, and the Shared Meanings of Race
Leith Mullings
- Monday, April 10, 2017
- Lecture: "Engaged Anthropology: Race, Racism, and Social Movements in the Americas"
Joan Fujimura
- Tuesday, April 5, 2016
- Lecture: "Implications of Genetic Research on Social Conceptions of Race"
Alma Gottlieb
- Monday, March 2, 2015
- Lecture: Deconstructing the Notion of "Education": " A View from the West African Rain Forest
Louise Lamphere and Carole Cadman
- Tuesday, April 9, 2013
- Lecture: "Weaving Together Women's Lives: Building Identities Across Navajo Generations"
- Thursday, April 26, 2012
- Lecture: "The New Aesthetic: Autobiography and Sociality"
- Tuesday, April 12, 2011
- Lecture: "Bioethics, Cultural Scripts and the Good Death in Contemporary Japan"
- Tuesday, April 6, 2010
- Lecture: "The Culture Wars in the Obama Era: Is Common Ground Possible?"
- Tuesday, April 7, 2009
- Lecture: "Nuri's Testimony: HIV/AIDS in Indonesia and the Epidemic of Knowledge"
- Thursday, October 25, 2007 (for 2008 lecture series)
- Lecture: "Violence and the Inner City Poor"
- Tuesday, April 17, 2007
- Lecture: "Black Battered Women & Welfare Reform: Fissures in the Architectures of Governance"
- Tuesday, February 14, 2006
- Lecture: "Neighborhood Activism and Neoliberalism in Philadelphia"


text: International Members: Remember to Vote in First Ballot by Thursday, Oct. 10 Scott Frans October 4, 2013 Voting for the CMA International Awards is underway! All international CMA Members are eligible to vote. The first ballot closes Thursday, Oct. 10. Check you email for voting login, credentials and updates on the release of the final ballot. Contact email@example.com for questions.


text:
The hottest toys at 2012 Toy Fair
A dancing Mickey Mouse, a back-to-school Elmo, a talking Justin Beiber doll, unique family board games, plush animals, electronic gadgets and more, one thing's for sure -- the Toy Industry Association's 2012 Toy Fair had it all. Here are some toys your kids may be clamoring for this year.
--Compiled by Jennifer Berger and Beth Whitehouse
Alex Jr. Sort & Count (Alex Toys), ages 10 months and up
Count, sort and color match six wooden shapes into Max's house. The roof is made of colorful counting beads. ($43.99; amazon.com)
Magic Mirror Laptop (Kidz Delight)
BEST FOR AGES 1 and up
AVAILABLE: Now
Children can see their reflection while images they have chosen appear in the mirror while they learn and play with ABC's, 123's, colors, shapes, animal names, music and more. The screen folds making it easy for on-the-go.
Servin' Surprises Cook 'n Serve Kitchen & Table (Fisher-Price), ages 2 and up
Place any Servin' Surprises food item on the serving tray and it recognizes that specific food and responds with related sound effects and songs. The table features a built-in stovetop with burner and grill and open-and-close oven that lights up with sounds. The set includes a four-slice pizza with customizable toppings and a pizza cutter, plus four cookies on a cookie tray. It also includes two place-settings with forks, spoons, cups and plates. ($79.99; toysrus.com)
Roll & Play (Thinkfun), ages 18 months and up
Made especially for toddlers, this fun, interactive game will get the whole family involved. Simply toss the big plush cube then choose the matching color card and perform the simple activity shown. Some examples are "Make a happy face," or "Moo like a cow" or "Where is your belly button?" ($19.99; thinkfun.com)
Ready for School Elmo (PlaySkool)
BEST FOR AGES 2 and up
AVAILABLE Fall
Help little ones develop their fine motor skills with everyone's favorite "Sesame Street" character. Explore colors and shapes along with zippers, snaps and fasteners. Elmo also sings the ABCs and a number song.
Peppa Pig Peek 'n Surprise Playhouse (Fisher-Price)
($34.99; toysrus.com)
BEST FOR Ages 3 and older
Play out Peppa's everyday adventures as the Playhouse opens up to reveal four floors of play space including a bedroom, living room, kitchen and bathroom. The set comes with more than 15 play pieces such as a washing machine that flips open to reveal clean clothes and a fridge that features food, along with Peppa and George figures.
Laugh & Learn Puppy's Playhouse (Fisher-Price)
($19.99; toysrus.com)
BEST FOR Ages 6 months and up
This adorable set includes a soft, plush puppy and his playhouse full of activities, nine sing-along songs and more. Babies can place the puppy inside his house or simply cuddle with him. There are three modes of play so your baby can learn letters, numbers, colors, opposites, greetings, manners, weather and more. The house is also interactive — press the doorbell to hear the ABC's and press the dog bone, which lights up and activates content about numbers and greetings and plays a song about the puppy.
Skylanders Giants (Activision)
BEST FOR AGES To be determined
SUGGESTED RETAIL PRICE To be determined
AVAILABLE Fall
The follow up to popular videogame Skylanders Spyro's Adventure, with new games, and new, bigger characters. When playing the Skylanders games, users put real toy characters onto a portal to beam them into the computer game. While characters from Spyro's Adventure were 7 inches tall, the new game will have 14 inch characters. ( Feb. 2012)
Tobbles Neo (Fat Brain Toys)
BEST FOR AGES 6 months and up
AVAILABLE May
A new take on the favorite stacking toy, kids can build, tilt, wobble and topple the Tobbles Neo. Six weighted pieces balance, nest and spin together.
La Dee Da (Spin Master)
BEST FOR AGES 6 and older
SUGGESTED RETAIL PRICE $19.99 each
AVAILABLE August
La Dee Da line of dolls includes Dee and her three BFFs; the Dee doll is the teenage creator of a fictional outrageous, bold fashion label. Accessories include hair extensions and Dee's dog, Le Bun.
Meep! (Oregon Scientific) Ages 6 and up
The new Meep! kids' tablet runs on the Android operating system and offers music, movies, e-books, and apps on a 7-inch color touch screen. Featuring rubber silicon sleeve for added protection. ($129; meeptablet.com)
Tickety-Tock Clock (Manhatten Toy)
BEST FOR AGES 3 and up
AVAILABLE Now
Preschoolers can learn to tell time with this wooden clock that features adjustable clock hands that click when moved. Kids can rotate the center image to indicate day or night, or practice their numbers and words by writing their favorite times of day on the chalk board. The set includes five pieces of multi-colored chalk.
Pajanimals (TOMY)
BEST FOR AGES 2 to 6
SUGGESTED RETAIL PRICE $10 and $20
AVAILABLE October
Squacky, Cow Bella, Apollo and Sweetpea Sue are plush characters from the Pajanimals PBS-TV show. They come either 9-inches or 15-inches tall. Line will also include a story book nap mat.
Suspend! (Melissa & Doug), ages 8 and up
Suspend comes with 24 notched, rubber-tipped wire pieces to hang from a tabletop stand. Each time a bar is added, the balance shifts and the difficulty changes. Can you add all your game pieces without making it fall? For one to four players. ($16.99; melissaanddoug.com)
Sit to Stand Music Skool (PlaySkool), ages 6 months and up
This interactive table features more than 50 musical activities, including songs like the ABCs with three ways to play. In the music mode, little ones can create songs with the built-in instruments, lights and sounds. In the learning mode helps teach kids simple concepts through music including shapes, colors, numbers, letters and opposites in either English or Spanish. ($49.99; toysrus.com)
Master Moves Mickey (Fisher-Price and Disney)
($69.99; toysrus.com)
BEST FOR Ages 2 and up
Mickey Mouse is dressed in his freshest dance gear and ready to get down with a whole new set of 15 break-dancing moves. With a signature handstand, Mickey moves and grooves with 8 original songs, interactive dances and plenty of awesome humor to get the whole family up and dancing.
Justin Bieber Talking Dolls (The Bridge Direct)
($14.99; toysrus.com)
BEST FOR Ages 4 and up
Justin is still hot; this is the third year that The Bridge Direct is offering a Bieber toy. This time, the doll says 10 phrases in Bieber's voice, such as "I love my fans." The doll also sports Bieber's new, shorter haircut. Comes in three versions.
My Little Bakery (Manhattan Toy), ages 18 months and up
This realistic-looking baking set includes an oven with an easy-to-carry handle and an oven door with Velcro-like closures, a baking sheet, spatula, oven mitt and six cookies. All pieces can be stored in the oven. ($27; walmart.com)
Custard 'n Jelly
BEST FOR AGES 3 to 11
SUGGESTED RETAIL VALUE $14.99/ea. AVAILABLE Now
This line of seven ethnically diverse plush guardian angel buddies feature round, happy faces and iridescent wings which you can hook to your backpacks or belt loop. The angels are apart of GARD, Guardian Angel Rainbow Division and they each have a talent, special skill and have earned their wings by teaching an emotional strength. As part of the purchase price a donation is made to one of three children's charities that the child gets to choose online.
TheO (Physical Apps)
Download the bowling app, put your smartphone into the niche in the ball, "virtually" aim, and roll it along the floor. Your action will knock over pins on the smartphone screen; pick up the ball and see what you got. It automatically keeps score. Also available is a Hot Potato app.
Chameleon Crunch Game (Mattel)
BEST FOR AGES 4 and up
AVAILABLE June
Kids learn about colors and insects from the hungry lizard who walks, talks and eats. The first player to feed all their "bugs" to Chameleon Crunch wins -- just be careful as sometimes the bugs escape and you've got to feed him all over again.
My First Crayola Bath Canvas and Crayons (Crayola)
($9.99; toysrus.com)
BEST FOR Ages 1 and up
Character bath crayons can be grasped in toddlers' palms so they can draw on canvas that adheres to the tub wall and then rinses clean to be used again. Includes a dual-sided bath canvas, two animal-shaped bath crayons and two refill bath crayons that can be inserted into the holder when the original ones wear down.
PLAY-DOH Candy Cyclone Playset (Hasbro)
($19.99; toysrus.com)
BEST FOR Ages 3 and up
This machine mixes PLAY-DOH compound and cranks out molded "gumballs." Kids can pop the "gumballs" into the EZ Load Extruder tool to create fun-shaped PLAY-DOH treats. The set includes four, two-ounce cans of PLAY-DOH compounds, enough to make 50 "gumballs."
Arthur's Little TV (Kidz Delight)
BEST FOR AGES 2 and up
AVAILABLE Fall
Learn about colors, quantities and more with Arthur's TV. Simply insert one of the nine cards into the TV and answer the questions by choosing the corresponding character key on the remote control. Play different tunes using the infra-red remote.
Laugh & Learn My Pretty Learning Purse (Fisher-Price)
BEST FOR AGES 6 to 36 months
AVAILABLE Now
This soft, stylish purse includes a rattle phone, compact mirror, bracelet, credit card and keys. The purse straps are sized just right so baby can slip the purse on her arm or shoulder. There are three modes of play so kids can learn about ABC's, colors, numbers, manners, opposites, greetings and more. Plus, all the play pieces easily fit inside the purse to take on-the-go.
Codee (Techno Source)
($7.99; toysrus.com)
BEST FOR Ages 6 and older
Follow a provided code to turn a strand of flexible blocks into animals — one is a penguin, another a flamingo. There are six total collectibles. An additional six in the line are surprises; buyers won't know what they're putting together until they complete the code.
Come 'N Play Cookie Monster Kitchen Cafe (PlaySkool)
($59.99; toysrus.com)
BEST FOR Ages 18 months and up
Cook along with chef Cookie Monster in this interactive kitchen, which features a window that slides open where Elmo and Abby Cadabby join in on the cooking fun. Kids can "feed" Elmo and Abby Cadabby their food, which will disappear and then magically reappear in the oven. Slide the burner on to hear fun sizzling and cooking sounds. The set includes six "food" pieces, spatula, frying pan and an alphabet menu.
Winx Club (Jakks Pacific)
($7.99 to $39.99; toysrus.com)
BEST FOR Ages 6 and up
Fashion doll line based on the six girls in the "Winx Club" cartoon on Nickolodeon. The girls attend Alfea College, a fairy school, and whenever trouble arises, they don their wings and come to the rescue.
Musical Stack & Ball Game Elephant (Tiny Love)
($29.99; tinylove.com)
BEST FOR Ages 6 months and up
This fun game helps kids develop many skills such as stacking, sorting, threading, opening and closing. Two game levels, and lights and music will keep kids busy for hours.
The 7 Habits of Happy Kids Game (Educational Insights) Ages 6 and up
A get-to-know-each-other-better board game meant to be played by parents and children together, based on the book of the same name by Sean Covey. It's a listening and talking game for three to seven players in which everybody wins. ($29.99; amazon.com)
Scribbo (Winning Moves) Ages 10 and up
Bingo using words, for two to four players. Each player has two game grids. Each takes turns calling out a number and a letter that must go in that spot in a race to spell words. ($12.99; amazon.com)
Smithsonian Kids Alphabet Board (Kidz Delight)
($39.99; target.com)
BEST FOR Ages 3 and up
Enjoy seven fun activities and learn about letter names, sounds, words, spelling and more. The sun image lights up as a reward if you answer correctly.
FauxCabulary (Out of the Box) Ages 13 and up
A party game for three to seven players, FauxCabulary has players compete to come up with the most creative word for something there's currently no word to describe. For instance: That sticky substance on movie theater floors. The game's creator, Matt Nuccio, lives in Merrick. ($29.99; amazon.com)
Buddy the Skateboarding Dog (Jada Toys, Inc.)
BEST FOR AGES 4 and up
AVAILABLE April
This is one cool bulldog. Kids can scoot Buddy forward, right, left and reverse as he actually rides a skateboard.
HoodiePets (HoodiePet)
BEST FOR AGES Toddler to tweens
SUGGESTED RETAIL PRICE $29.99 for hoodie and one plush; $7 each additional plush
AVAILABLE Now
A hoodie with a slot for interchangeable plush animals. They range in sizes from 1 to 2 for toddlers and 3 to 10 for kids and tweens. Available online at hoodiepet.com. (Feb. 2012)
Scene It? Star Wars (Screenlife)
($29.99; screenlifegames.com)
BEST FOR Ages 13 and up
Watch scenes from all six Star Wars movies and compete to answer questions about them.
Bounce Bounce Tigger (Just Play)
($39.99; toysrus.com)
BEST FOR Ages 3 and up
Dancing, shimmying, rocking version of the iconic Winnie the Pooh character. Plays his signature theme song to the tune of the hip hop hit "Jump, Jump."
blankZ (Always Been Creative)
BEST FOR AGES 5 to 12
AVAILABLE Now
These wash and dry animals let kids decorate with included markers, then wash the toy and start again. Bear, elephant, dog, seal, rabbit, pig or bull. The toy was created by Port Washington resident Glenn Rudin; available at theblankz.com. ( Feb. 2012)
Where's Waldo Pocket Packs (Techno Source)
BEST FOR AGES 6 and older
SUGGESTED RETAIL PRICE $2.99 each
AVAILABLE Fall
This year is the 25th anniversary of Where's Waldo? These mini take-along packs feature a classic Where's Waldo? scene split into nine cards, each with a search list on the back. Find all the hidden items on each card and then put the cards together to reveal the full picture and hunt for bonus items. Available in four collectible packs.
Creative Cakes (Lego)
($24.99; toysrus.com)
BEST FOR Ages 2 and older
Make cupcakes out of LEGO bricks; 55 colorful shaped DUPLO bricks, including muffin tops, meringues and candles. The storage box lid doubles as a serving tray. Includes building recipes.
Lyla Tov Monsters (Erin Black)
BEST FOR AGES 2 to 8
AVAILABLE Now
Lyla Tov means Good Night in Hebrew; the monsters were conceived by Erin Black's daughter, Lyla, when she was 3 and wanted to give her dad a monster as a holiday gift. With a Lyla Tov monster, kids will feel safe at night. The Black family is from Astoria, Queens, and this is their first foray into Toy Fair.
Brobo (Keji Inc.)
BEST FOR AGES 2 to 6
AVAILABLE Now
Five plush robot friends from the future: Brobo, Trex, Dog, Mumu and Pep. Touch their hand or paw to the light on their tummy and it lights up for five minutes, great for allowing young ones to self-soothe when they get nervous at nighttime.
Elephant Ball Pit (PlayWow)
($24.99; amazon.com)
BEST FOR Ages 3 and up
Edgar Elephant ball pit is a soft place for children to play either indoors or outside. Ball pit includes 20 soft, colorful play balls and two inflatable rings that can be tossed onto the elephant's trunk. Up to two children can play at a time. Easy to inflate and take with you on your travels.
Game of Life zAPPed (Hasbro) Ages 8 and up
The traditional board game of Life is enhanced by an iPad app; the iPad becomes the spinner and shows related videos. ($24.99; amazon.com)
Sidekix (Sidekix)
BEST FOR AGES 6 to 12
SUGGESTED RETAIL PRICE $9.99 each
AVAILABLE Now
A small stuffed animal that flds into a round carry case that you can attach to a backpack or belt. Five animals in all — zebra, dog, panda, dragon or chick. Can also be played with as a ball.
SeatPets (SeatPets)
BEST FOR AGES 4 to 8
AVAILABLE May
A plush pet that attaches to a car's shoulder seat belt. (Should not be used with carseat harnesses.)
Monsuno (Jakks Pacific)
($7.99 to $27.99; toysrus.com)
BEST FOR Ages 6 and up
Action figures, collectibles, accessories and more based on the animated 30-minute cartoon Monsuno set to premiere this winter on Nicktoons. In the cartoon, a group of boys battles power-hungry villians determined to cause global destruction.
Pony Royale Princess Pony Collection (Razor USA)
($14.99; toysrus.com)
BEST FOR Ages 3 and older
The 12 collectible ponies have "Change-It-Up Hair," giving the ability to style manes and tails. Each pony comes with an extra mane and tail, a hair brush and one set of Mix-It-Up Fashions, including a Saddlette, saddle blanket, crown and skirt. Pony Royale is a departure for Razor, known for its scooters. It's meant for a girl older than those in the "My Little Pony" age group.
Jumbo Bananagrams (Bananagrams)
BEST FOR AGES 5 and older
SUGGESTED RETAIL PRICE Approximately $40
AVAILABLE Summer
Bananagrams, tiles that usually come in a banana-shaped sack, are going jumbo for play on a floor, yard, or beach. Each tile will be 3 inches square and packaged in a giant yellow banana-shaped tote bag. The company will also produce a jumbo version of Zip-It.
iBounce (JumpSport)
($129.99; amazon.com)
BEST FOR Ages 2 to 5 (up to 80 pounds)
A trampoline that also has a mount for an iPad so kids can exercise at the same time they are watching their iPad videos. Comes with a 12-minute exercise video cartoon "Hop-Along with RompyRoo — Where is Mr. Fuzzy?"
Descender (Rockboard)
($120; rockboard.com)
BEST FOR Ages 8 and up
By applying treads to the snowboarding experience, the Descender enables riders to "snowboard" in all seasons, down grass and all-terrain hills. Holds riders up to 200 pounds.


text:
The bravery of men and women who serve our country inspires all of us at Tree Classics. In celebration of Veterans Day, we are commemorating their heroism in our own simple way.
We designed our Heroes Camouflage Christmas Tree as a tribute to our unsung military heroes. The unique foliage features camouflage colors and is made from 100% premium and flame-retardant PVC. What better way to represent our heroes than to stand a tall Christmas tree in a proud area of your home. This wonderful statement tree brings an atmosphere of gallantry and patriotism that will encourage all who see it to cultivate the same values.
Our 7-foot camouflage Christmas tree not only commemorates the selflessness of men and women in the armed forces; it also instills in children the important contribution of our soldiers to the peace and security of our nation.
Parents can share a wonderful moment with the kids: they decorate this tree with ornaments patterned after insignia worn by our heroes. This is also a marvelous time to teach kids a bit of American history or perhaps your own family legacy if you or a relative has ever been called to defend the country.
Have fun placing small paper flags between the branches. Silver stars and military dog tags can also make for unique ornaments.
Display the camouflage Christmas tree in honor of those in the military service. And rekindle the message of bravery and selflessness espoused by our heroes.


text:
apologies if there's a thread on this
from cricinfo
The groups for this September's Champions Trophy in Pakistan have been announced by the ICC, and India, Pakistan and Australia have been seeded together.
Group A comprises of defending champion and top seed Australia along with India, Pakistan and the West Indies while Group B is made up of the winner of the inaugural event, South Africa, as well as New Zealand, Sri Lanka and England. The groupings were made on the basis of teams' rankings in the ICC ODI Championship table on March 12, the agreed cut-off date.
It was decided in 2005 that from 2008 the tournament would only include the top eight one-day sides exactly six months before the start of the tournament. As a result, Bangladesh, Ireland and Zimbabwe, who hold the last three places in the table, miss out.
The two groups will be played on a round-robin format with the top two sides progressing to the semi-finals. The full tournament schedule and information regarding venues will be announced by the ICC in due course.
Group A Australia (1), India (4), Pakistan (5), West Indies (8)
Group B South Africa (2), New Zealand (3), Sri Lanka (6), England (7)
predictions anyone? say if this was to be played tomorrow?
Semi Finals-
Australia vs South Africa
India vs Sri Lanka
Australia vs India (of course )
for Oz, we should go through with India..however we are with two of the most inconsistent teams that can beat anyone (arguable) on their day (mayb windies without lara ..perhaps not...but Pak is a big danger team at home too..)
Yousuf Younis Akhtar Asif and a group of young talented guys... hmmm...


text:
Application of the Month: KPilot
A new issue of the series "Application of the Month" has been released. It covers an application from the KDE PIM suite called KPilot. Besides the application review we interviewed its current maintainer Adriaan de Groot. KPilot is a replacement for the Palm Desktop software from Palm Inc, which makes your Palm/Palm Pilot/Visor handheld capable of exchanging information with your KDE powered computer. If you want to help us creating this monthly series or you want to translate it to your own language please contact us. Enjoy App of the Month in Dutch, English and German.
The AotM process
It's good to see the Application of the Month series see a continuation -- and I'm looking forward to January and a new installment. However, there's a few things that bug me about the AotM process.
KPilot has been around for a long time. I'd be the last guy to insist that it is new and cool (or Hot New Stuff, for that matter). There's newer neat stuff (aKregator comes to mind, but also less-visible things like the work on Holidays), and it leaves me wondering: what are the criteria for the application-of-the-month? What does it buy me? I wish, naturally, that the app of the month gets extra attention from all the talented hackers that otherwise would work on the other PIM apps -- but it's probably not going to work out like that, eh.
The lead time on AotM is pretty long. The interview shows this in particular -- KDE 3.3 came out ages ago, in my personal experience, and lots of things have changed since then. The number of my children has doubled, for one thing, which means I'm going to putting less time into KPilot than before. Will Stephenson deserves mention in the "advantages of the PIM community" now, since he fixed a nasty KPilot bug.
Another thing is the whole notion of "interview" as implemented in AotM (and actually in the vast majority of "interviews" you see on the 'net): It's not an interview, it's a checklist sent out by email and filled in. There's no interaction (that'd be the "inter" part of the word), except for one set of questions fired off and answered. No additional questioning. No reaction along the lines of "gosh, why the heck are you using a Dying OS?" Now, I've heard that it's hard enough to get answers out of any developer (for instance with Tink's series of People behind KDE), but that's no excuse to do a less-than-stellar job in the cases that you do get an answer.
Or maybe my answers are just so boring they don't inspire any more questions. Darn. I will have to be more controversial then, and suggest that KDE apps on OS/2 are a nail in OSS' coffin.
By Adriaan de Groot at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
Re: The AotM process
please, please. join us. write a AotM... whould be great. I'll help, if you want.
and you can have your intervieuw with skype, gnomemeeting or chat... :D
By superstoned at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
Re: The AotM process
While I appreciate the knee-jerkness of your reaction, don't you think I can better do the things I do do? There's a limited amount of time in a day, and between kpilot, ktu, kde-nl, kde-freebsd and pilot-link, which should I drop to do AotM?
My mantra is "I never use software I'm not prepared to patch (and release the patches for)"; the same does not apply to processes, interview schemes, etc.
By Adriaan de Groot at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
Re: The AotM process
Why the hostility? All he is doing is asking for help and you seem to be a person with ideas who could help.
By ac at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
Re: The AotM process
Why the hostility? Well, it wasn't intended in a hostile fashion. If you're referring to "knee-jerk", that's a common English term. The knee-jerk reaction here is that when someone says "it'd be better if..." you reply "well then help!" Which would be OK, except that I'm already helping and haven't got even more time to help AotM as well. Jos (parent poster) would have known this if he'd read the article and connected the name of the guy being interviewed with the guy writing the comment.
By Adriaan de Groot at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
Re: The AotM process
you are right. I am at fault, I saw the name and connected it, after I posted my reaction... sorry.
By superstoned at Mon, 2004/12/20 - 6:00am
Re: The AotM process
The whole confusion has to do with both people don't know each other and I know them both :)
Jos is one of the active contributors in KDE-NL and Adriaan de Groot is the current maintainer/hacker of KPilot and also a very very active contributor within the Dutch KDE Team.
By Fabrice at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
Re: The AotM process
Hi Adriaan,
I will reply to your questions:
"What are the criteria for the application-of-the-month? What does it buy me?"
Well the only criteria I can think of are:
a) It is a KDE-application
Being mentioned in the "Application of the Month" series is good for your application as it will be exposed to a large group of Dot readers. As these series are much more targeted at non-developers I suspect that chances are slim that new developers will be attracted. The benefit is that you get a nicely written article targeted at new users of your application which you can use on your project page. For example the Dutch KDE team converts these articles to howtos with almost no extra effort and keeps the content up-to-date.
"The lead time on AotM is pretty long"
This is true indeed but don't forget that your application review and the interview needs some time to get translated. This is a team of people working on it and not just one person. Timeframes can not be too short because of this. A good solution would be that we start with an application review and do the interview in the end. So a sort of 2-phase approach.
"It's not an interview, it's a checklist sent out by email and filled in."
You are right about that and this could be done better. Maybe we can have a live session on IRC or send out a second email. Be aware that this would take a bit more time and most of us have somewhat limited time. But yes, it would be nice to add some more interaction. So I promise you we will work on this for the next interview.
"Or maybe my answers are just so boring.."
Well not more then the usual :)
[1] especially http//www.kde.de/appmonth has been doing these series for quite some time now
By Fabrice at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
Only Palm devices?
Does KPilot work with other "pilots" or only with products from Palm?
By KDE User at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
Re: Only Palm devices?
It only works with PalmOS products. It is so, because its backend is "pilot-link". More info here: http://wiki.pilot-link.org/
"pilot-link is a suite of tools used to connect your Palm or PalmOS® compatible handheld with Unix, Linux, and any other POSIX-compatible machine. pilot-link works with all PalmOS® handhelds, including those made by Handspring, Sony, and Palm, as well as others."
By MandrakeUser at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
Re: Only Palm devices?
It works with PalmOS (tm) devices, which are commonly called "Pilot". Vendors include PalmOne, Handspring (taken over by Palm, but they made the Visor line of products), Garmin (not officially, but I'm told their GPS thingy works just fine), TapWave and Samsung.
If you are asking about "other handhelds", then the answer is "no". KPilot does not sync with PocketPC, OPIE, Blackberry, or whatever else is out there. There are tools for that, perhaps MultiSync or KitchenSync, but I'm not into them at all.
By Adriaan de Groot at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
Include date
Could you include a date in both the interview and the article ? This is useful when linking to the artible one or two years later, and see what was the context at that time, or see when you find it if it might still be relevant or not.
By Philippe Fremy at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
Re: Include date
Good point, Philippe -- it would make clear that the comments about "KDE 3.3.0 just released" are because the interview is from august, and not because either the interviewer or the interviewee are clueless about the release schedule. (The interviewee is clueless about the 3.4 feature plan, and hasn't filled in anything there, so that means bugfixes only for 3.4.)
By Adriaan de Groot at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
KDE App of Month - I hope not !
Sorry to rain on the parade, and don't like to criticize any volunteer effort, but of all the KDE apps we use, KPilot is the only one to totally corrupt data and cause major headaches. I read this article again hoping that a new version would be announced that finally works right. I have reported my findings before but either they are ignored or new critical problems keep arising. I keep thinking version after version that basic synching problems would go away but they only get worse. The last attempt made was with 3.3.1 - it screwed up the field labels on my palm (they are just binary characters now) and somehow phone fields have gotten swapped. So I've reached the break point, I cannot afford to have our contacts constantly getting screwed up so we are migrating to Thunderbird/Sunbird/etc. It's too bad. Of the whole KDE PIM series, KOrganizer is really nice now, KAddressbook has really improved, KMail has always been solid and dependable, but all our contacts are now so messed up that we're now forced into putting all the contact data into a spreadsheet to clean up - and then will be using the CVS import and export with Thunderbird and hoping it won't be long until Thunderbird has the Linux port of it's palm synch extension working (it's already working okay on the windows side) and then getting it to work with Sunbird - I just have more confidence with that team now. I only wished we had kept a running backup on JPilot and have never figured out why JPilot works so well and KPilot works so bad and why the working JPilot code couldn't be integrated with KDEPIM etc. Maybe others have better luck, I hope so since I don't wish on anyone else the problems we have gone thru with KPilot.
By John at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
Re: KDE App of Month - I hope not !
Hi John,
Since you've not left any identifying marks on your comment post, I can't tell what problems you've reported. Searching for John in the bugs database is not very productive. Sorry it didn't work out for you.
I've never been coy about the fact that KPilot is in dire need of more developers -- keeping up with the changing landscape that is PIM, as well as dealing with new devices and all that, is a big job that I just don't have the time to do very well. As a consequence, KPilot tends to work for my particular usage pattern and not necessarily for anything else. In recent months we've had vanRijn and Joern and Bille fix some bugs, but it remains in need of a careful, concerted effort at resolving its issues.
By Adriaan de Groot at Sun, 2004/12/19 - 6:00am
Re: KDE App of Month - I hope not !
My experience with kpilot/pilot-link has been terrific. It is fantastic to see this sort of "hassle-free" software/hardware integration in Linux. I bought a Sonie Clie (two, one for me, and my wife got hers too). No major problems. Now, the pilot link is not perfect.
I had some minor issues, but never a major database corruption. Something I noted is: (1) translation of categories/fields from KDE PIM to Palm is not always transparent, some times a field is not copied, sometimes I have to create a new contacts group in one side or the other to have everything go smooth. No big deal, and I really don't have time to check whether this is a bug or what, these days. (2) when trying to keep two computers' KDE PIM in sync to each other via the handheld, it is not all that good. The simplest scenario is one computer and one handheld. But then again, I think this is going to be covered by the KitchenSync or whatever the name.
Overall, I consider it a huge desktop help. If/whenever pilot-link gets to a point of 100% effective sync with PalmOS, KPilot will be a killer app. So far it is a really, really good app IMHO.
By MandrakeUser at Mon, 2004/12/20 - 6:00am


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Have you heard of Joseph Campbell?
He was the famous mythologist—author of The Hero With a Thousand Faces and many other books—who told us all to "follow your bliss" in his Power of Myth PBS specials with Bill Moyers in the late 1980s.
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Many of you may know Vaynerchuk as the host of the video blog WineLibraryTV.com. Now he has written a book titled Crush It! Why Now Is the Time to Cash in on Your Passion.


text:
NEW YORK (AP) — Stock futures were little changed Friday in light volume as many investors appeared to take a breather after the Standard & Poor's 500 Index closed at a five-year peak.
Dow Jones industrial futures rose 2 points to 13,408. The broader S&P futures gained 0.60 points to 1,467.70. Nasdaq futures are up a point at 2,738.
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Wells Fargo will be followed next week with quarterly earnings from Bank of America, JPMorgan Chase, Goldman Sachs, and Morgan Stanley.


text:
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When employees go above and beyond (i.e., do something extra to help others) it is important to recognize this contribution. You Make The Difference provides a way for Division employees to recognize the outstanding contributions of other employees.


text:
When it comes to passing I think he has elite potential, yeah. He makes dishes on a regular basis that very few NHL players can make. The rest of his game has a ways to go for sure.Topper wrote:Rummy - Elite?, hyperbole?
I'd like to see him get open to fire it a bit more, he has a good shot -- but his linemates aren't exactly high-level playmakers.


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Installation Notes
The standard INSTALL file included in the source distribution
Installation instructions for OpenVPN, a Secure Tunneling Daemon
Copyright (C) 2002-2010 OpenVPN Technologies, Inc. This program is free software;
you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2
as published by the Free Software Foundation.
./configure && make && make-install
Cross-compile for Windows on Unix
See INSTALL-win32.txt
To download OpenVPN, go to:
OpenVPN releases are also available as Debian/RPM packages:
To download easy-rsa go to:
To download tap-windows driver source code go to:
To get the cross-compilation environment go to:
For step-by-step instructions with real-world examples see:
For examples see:
Also see the man page for more information, usage examples, and information on
firewall configuration.
(1) Linux (kernel 2.6+)
(2) Solaris
(3) OpenBSD 5.1+
(4) Mac OS X Darwin 10.5+
(5) FreeBSD 7.4+
(6) NetBSD 5.0+
(7) Windows (WinXP and higher)
In general, OpenVPN is word size and endian independent, so
most processors should be supported. Architectures known to
work include Intel x86, Alpha, Sparc, Amd64, and ARM.
(1) TUN and/or TAP driver to allow user-space programs to control
a virtual point-to-point IP or Ethernet device. See
TUN/TAP Driver Configuration section below for more info.
OPTIONAL (but recommended):
(1) OpenSSL library, necessary for encryption, version 0.9.8 or higher
required, available from http://www.openssl.org/
(2) PolarSSL library, an alternative for encryption, version 1.1 or higher
required, available from https://polarssl.org/
(3) LZO real-time compression library, required for link compression,
available from http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/
OpenBSD users can use ports or packages to install lzo, but remember
to add CFLAGS="-I/usr/local/include" LDFLAGS="-L/usr/local/lib"
directives to "configure", since gcc will not find them otherwise.
OPTIONAL (for developers only):
(1) Autoconf 2.59 or higher + Automake 1.9 or higher
-- available from http://www.gnu.org/software/software.html
(2) Dmalloc library
-- available from http://dmalloc.com/
Clone the repository:
git clone https://github.com/OpenVPN/openvpn
git clone git://openvpn.git.sourceforge.net/gitroot/openvpn/openvpn
Check out stable version:
git checkout -b 2.2 remotes/origin/release/2.2
Check out master (unstable) branch:
git checkout master
make install
autoreconf -i -v -f
make install
autoreconf -i -v -f
make dist
TESTS (after BUILD):
make check (Run all tests below)
Test Crypto:
./openvpn --genkey --secret key
./openvpn --test-crypto --secret key
Test SSL/TLS negotiations (runs for 2 minutes):
./openvpn --config sample/sample-config-files/loopback-client (In one window)
./openvpn --config sample/sample-config-files/loopback-server (Simultaneously in another window)
For more thorough client-server tests you can configure your own, private test
environment. See tests/t_client.rc-sample for details.
OPTIONS for ./configure:
--disable-lzo disable LZO compression support [default=yes]
--enable-lzo-stub don't compile LZO compression support but still
allow limited interoperability with LZO-enabled
peers [default=no]
--disable-crypto disable crypto support [default=yes]
--disable-ssl disable SSL support for TLS-based key exchange
enable the --x509-username-field feature
--disable-multi disable client/server support (--mode server +
client mode) [default=yes]
--disable-server disable server support only (but retain client
support) [default=yes]
--disable-plugins disable plug-in support [default=yes]
--disable-eurephia disable support for the eurephia plug-in
--disable-management disable management server support [default=yes]
--enable-pkcs11 enable pkcs11 support [default=no]
--disable-socks disable Socks support [default=yes]
--disable-http-proxy disable HTTP proxy support [default=yes]
--disable-fragment disable internal fragmentation support (--fragment)
--disable-multihome disable multi-homed UDP server support (--multihome)
--disable-port-share disable TCP server port-share support (--port-share)
--disable-debug disable debugging support (disable gremlin and verb
7+ messages) [default=yes]
--enable-small enable smaller executable size (disable OCC, usage
message, and verb 4 parm list) [default=yes]
--enable-password-save allow --askpass and --auth-user-pass passwords to be
read from a file [default=yes]
--enable-iproute2 enable support for iproute2 [default=no]
--disable-def-auth disable deferred authentication [default=yes]
--disable-pf disable internal packet filter [default=yes]
--enable-strict enable strict compiler warnings (debugging option)
--enable-pedantic enable pedantic compiler warnings, will not generate
a working executable (debugging option) [default=no]
--enable-strict-options enable strict options check between peers (debugging
option) [default=no]
--enable-selinux enable SELinux support [default=no]
--enable-systemd enable systemd suppport [default=no]
ENVIRONMENT for ./configure:
IFCONFIG full path to ipconfig utility
ROUTE full path to route utility
IPROUTE full path to ip utility
NETSTAT path to netstat utility
MAN2HTML path to man2html utility
GIT path to git utility
TAP_CFLAGS C compiler flags for tap
C compiler flags for OPENSSL_CRYPTO, overriding pkg-config
linker flags for OPENSSL_CRYPTO, overriding pkg-config
C compiler flags for OPENSSL_SSL, overriding pkg-config
linker flags for OPENSSL_SSL, overriding pkg-config
C compiler flags for polarssl
linker flags for polarssl
LZO_CFLAGS C compiler flags for lzo
LZO_LIBS linker flags for lzo
C compiler flags for PKCS11_HELPER, overriding pkg-config
linker flags for PKCS11_HELPER, overriding pkg-config
You can build a binary RPM directly from the OpenVPN tarball file:
rpmbuild -tb [tarball]
This command will build a binary RPM file and place it in the system
RPM directory. You can then install the RPM with the standard RPM
install command:
rpm -ivh [binary-rpm]
When you install the binary RPM, it will install
sample-scripts/openvpn.init, which can be used to
automatically start or stop one or more OpenVPN tunnels on system
startup or shutdown, based on OpenVPN .conf files in /etc/openvpn.
See the comments in openvpn.init for more information.
Installing the RPM will also configure the TUN/TAP device node
for linux 2.6.
Note that the current openvpn.spec file, which instructs the rpm tool
how to build a package, will build OpenVPN with all options enabled,
including OpenSSL, LZO, and pthread linkage. Therefore all of
these packages will need to be present prior to the RPM build, unless
you edit the openvpn.spec file.
TUN/TAP Driver Configuration:
* Linux 2.6 or higher (with integrated TUN/TAP driver):
(1) load driver: modprobe tun
(2) enable routing: echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
Note that (1) needs to be done once per reboot. If you install from RPM (see
above) and use the openvpn.init script, these steps are taken care of for you.
* FreeBSD:
FreeBSD ships with the TUN/TAP driver, and the device nodes for tap0,
tap1, tap2, tap3, tun0, tun1, tun2 and tun3 are made by default.
However, only the TUN driver is linked into the GENERIC kernel.
To load the TAP driver, enter:
kldload if_tap
See man rc(8) to find out how you can do this at boot time.
The easiest way is to install OpenVPN from the FreeBSD ports system,
the port includes a sample script to automatically load the TAP driver
at boot-up time.
* OpenBSD:
OpenBSD has dynamically created tun* devices so you only need
to create an empty /etc/hostname.tun0 (tun1, tun2 and so on) for each tun
you plan to use to create the device(s) at boot.
* Solaris:
You need a TUN/TAP kernel driver for OpenVPN to work:
* Windows XP/2003/Vista/7:
OpenVPN on Windows needs a TUN/TAP kernel driver to work. OpenVPN installers
include this driver, so installing it separately is not usually required.
The driver source code is available here:
* I have noticed cases where TCP sessions tunneled over the Linux
TAP driver (kernel 2.4.21 and 2.4.22) stall when lower --mssfix
values are used. The TCP sessions appear to unstall and resume
normally when the remote VPN endpoint is pinged.
* If run through a firewall using OpenBSDs packet filter PF and the
filter rules include a "scrub" directive, you may get problems talking
to Linux hosts over the tunnel, since the scrubbing will kill packets
sent from Linux hosts if they are fragmented. This is usually seen as
tunnels where small packets and pings get through but large packets
and "regular traffic" don't. To circumvent this, add "no-df" to
the scrub directive so that the packet filter will let fragments with
the "dont fragment"-flag set through anyway.
* Mixing OFB or CFB cipher modes with static key mode is not recommended,
and is flagged as an error on OpenVPN versions 1.2.1 and greater.
If you use the --cipher option to explicitly select an OFB or CFB
cipher AND you are using static key mode, it is possible that there
could be an IV collision if the OpenVPN daemons on both sides
of the connection are started at exactly the same time, since
OpenVPN uses a timestamp combined with a sequence number as the cipher
IV for OFB and CFB modes. This is not an issue if you are
using CBC cipher mode (the default), or if you are using OFB or CFB
cipher mode with SSL/TLS authentication.
The openvpn.spec files
The OpenVPN 2.3 source tree contains an example RPM spec file under the distro subdirectory. For OpenVPN releases we use other spec files tailored for each supported operating system.
OpenVPN on Windows notes
These notes are intended to highlight the Windows-specific characteristics of OpenVPN. For a general introduction to OpenVPN configuration, see the FAQ.
Before you post, check out the FAQ (http://openvpn.net/index.php/open-source/faq.html) for more info.
Currently, OpenVPN runs on Windows XP (or later), Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and OpenBSD, making it one of the most portable VPN packages today.
Note however that OpenVPN does NOT run on Win9x/Me or Windows 2000.
OpenVPN GUI for Windows
Please look here for details on OpenVPN GUIs
Installing OpenVPN on Windows
See the HOWTO.
Running OpenVPN from a console window
First, create a config file. A sample is provided in \Program Files\OpenVPN\config\sample.ovpn.txt
Edit this file and save to a .ovpn extension. Now, run OpenVPN by right clicking on the .ovpn filename and selecting "Start OpenVPN on this config file".
You can also run from a command prompt window:
openvpn --config sample.ovpn
Running OpenVPN as a Windows Service
When OpenVPN runs as a service it will start a separate OpenVPN process for each configuration file it finds in the \Program Files\OpenVPN\config directory and will output a logfile of the same name to the \Program Files\OpenVPN\log directory.
When installed as a service, OpenVPN will default to manual start mode. You can go to the "Services" control panel in Control Panel -> Administrative Tools to start the service or to set it to Automatic Start mode.
A sample config file has been provided in \Program Files\OpenVPN\config\sample.ovpn.txt which can be adapted to your needs.
Service Notes:
- When you install OpenVPN as a service, you are actually installing openvpnserv.exe which is a service wrapper for OpenVPN, i.e. it reads the config file directory and starts up a separate OpenVPN process for each config file. openvpnserv.exe performs the same function under windows as the /etc/init.d/openvpn startup script does under linux.
- When you stop the OpenVPN service, it will send a terminate signal to all OpenVPN processes which were started by it.
- If the OpenVPN service wrapper (openvpnserv.exe) encounters fatal errors, it will write them to the windows event log, which can be viewed in Control Panel -> Administrative Tools -> Event Viewer -> Application Log.
- If the OpenVPN processes themselves encounter errors, they will write them to their respective log files in the log file directory.
- There is a one-to-one correspondence between an OpenVPN process, an OpenVPN config file, an OpenVPN log file, and a TAP-Win32 adapter which represents an endpoint of a VPN tunnel.
- OpenVPN tunnels are point-to-point in their simplest form, but can be made point-to-multi-point through the use of bridging or routing (see below).
- Multiple OpenVPN processes can run concurrently, each on a different TAP-Windows adapter.
- openvpn.exe gets all configuration information from its config file, not from the registry.
- The openvpnserv.exe program (the service wrapper) gets several string parameters from the registry which can be modified by the user. If you change any of these parameters, you should be able to upgrade OpenVPN to a new version without the installer overwriting your changes:
- config_dir
- configuration file directory to scan, defaults to "\Program Files\OpenVPN\config"
- config_ext
- file extension on configuration files, defaults to "ovpn"
- exe_path
- path to openvpn.exe, defaults to "\Program Files\OpenVPN\bin\openvpn.exe"
- log_dir
- log file directory, defaults to "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log"
- log_append
- if set to "1", multiple instantiations of an OpenVPN process will append onto the same log file, if set to "0" (default), each new instantiation will truncate the previous log file
- priority
- the windows priority class for each instantiated OpenVPN process, can be one of:
- "NORMAL_PRIORITY_CLASS" (default)
Bridging vs. Routing
Bridging and routing are two methods of linking systems via a VPN.
See FAQ for more info.
Example running a point-to-point VPN
This example will work between Windows and Windows, Windows and Linux, or Windows and FreeBSD.
For purposes of this example, we will refer to our two Windows machines as "A" and "B".
The Windows OpenVPN installer should have already installed a TAP-Win32 adapter on each machine which you should see in the Network Connections control panel.
We will choose the network 10.3.0.0 subnet 255.255.255.0 as our virtual VPN subnet.
We are assuming that the network 10.3.0.0 subnet 255.255.255.0 is a new and distinct subnet from any that you are currently using. If it is not, choose a different subnet by substituting something else for the "10.3.0" component of the subnet.
It is very important that the virtual VPN subnet you use is private and unique from any other physical or virtual subnets in use. If your virtual subnet clashes with your physical subnet, the VPN will not work and there will likely be no error messages to tell you why.
Now generate a static key on Machine A:
openvpn --genkey --secret key
(Or use the shortcut in the start menu)
Copy this key to Machine B over a secure medium.
Now edit the config files for both ends of the connection.
On Machine A create a file config.ovpn:
remote [IP address of B]
dev tap
ifconfig 10.3.0.1 255.255.255.0
secret key
ping 10
verb 3
mute 10
On Machine B create a file config.ovpn:
remote [IP address of A]
dev tap
ifconfig 10.3.0.2 255.255.255.0
secret key
ping 10
verb 3
mute 10
Another important point to remember is that the addresses used in the "remote" option are real addresses, not virtual addresses. Before OpenVPN is started you must be able to ping the address given after the "remote" option. OpenVPN will try to connect to that address and if you can't ping it beforehand, OpenVPN will not be able to connect to it either.
The rule of thumb to remember is that "remote" specifies real, non-VPN addresses while "ifconfig" specifies virtual VPN addresses. The address used in "remote" should NEVER be a part of the subnet defined by the "ifconfig" option.
Now the moment of truth... Type:
openvpn --config config.ovpn
On both A and B.
Alternatively, bring up the folder that contains the .ovpn file, right click on the .ovpn file, and select "Start OpenVPN on this config file".
If everything worked correctly you will now have a point-to-point VPN connecting the two boxes.
On Machine A you can ping B with the following command:
ping 10.3.0.2
On Machine B you can ping A with the following command:
ping 10.3.0.1
A few notes to be aware of:
- If you are using different versions of OpenVPN on either side of the connection, then add the following lines to both configs:
tun-mtu 1500
tun-mtu-extra 32
- If one side of the connection is running on Linux, make sure you tell your linux firewall to allow incoming connections on virtual tap interfaces. The command for iptables would be:
iptables -A INPUT -i tap+ -j ACCEPT
- Make sure that both boxes can talk to each other over UDP port 1194. It is a good idea to ping the "remote" address in the config file before actually starting OpenVPN to confirm that it is reachable.
Setting up routing
If you set up a routed VPN, i.e. one where local and remote subnets differ, you need to set up routing between the subnets so that packets will transit the VPN.
Here is a possible road warrior network configuration:
Road Warrior (Windows)
TAP-Windows Adapter
10.3.0.2 subnet 255.255.255.0
ifconfig option in OpenVPN config:
ifconfig 10.3.0.2 255.255.255.0
Main Office, server (any OS)
tap adapter
10.3.0.1 subnet 255.255.255.0
ifconfig option in OpenVPN config:
ifconfig 10.3.0.1 255.255.255.0
private ethernet
10.0.0.1 subnet 255.255.255.0
The road warrior needs this route in order to reach machines on the main office subnet:
route add 10.0.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0 10.3.0.1 (this is a shell command)
Routes can be conveniently specified in the OpenVPN config file itself using the --route option:
route 10.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 10.3.0.1
If the OpenVPN server in the main office is also the gateway for machines on the remote subnet, no special route is required on the main office side.
On the other hand, if the main office OpenVPN server is NOT also the gateway, then whatever machine or router which IS the gateway must know to route 10.3.0.0 subnet 255.255.255.0 to the machine which is running OpenVPN.
Notes -- Ethernet bridging, Windows client, Linux Server
Ethernet bridging is a powerful networking capability that allows remote systems (such as "Road Warriors") to connect over a VPN to an ethernet LAN in such a way that their system appears to be directly connected to the LAN, i.e. they have an IP address taken right from the LAN's subnet and they are able to interact with other hosts on the LAN including sending and receiving broadcasts and being able to conveniently browse and access the Windows network neighborhood.
I have tested ethernet bridging with Windows clients connecting to a Linux server. On the linux side, basically follow the instructions in the Ethernet bridging Mini-Howto on the OpenVPN web site.
On the Linux side you must first set up ethernet bridging. Here is a configuration which I use:
modprobe tun
modprobe bridge
openvpn --mktun --dev tap0
openvpn --mktun --dev tap1
brctl addbr br0
brctl addif br0 eth1
brctl addif br0 tap0
brctl addif br0 tap1
ifconfig tap0 0.0.0.0 promisc up
ifconfig tap1 0.0.0.0 promisc up
ifconfig eth1 0.0.0.0 promisc up
ifconfig br0 10.5.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 10.5.0.255
# end of script
This script will set up ethernet bridging between eth1, tap0, and tap1. Change the br0 ifconfig to match the ifconfig that would be used for eth1 under normal, non-bridged configuration. Use as many tapX virtual adapters as you will have remote clients connecting.
In the firewall, add these entries to allow TAP devices and ethernet bridges to operate:
iptables -A INPUT -i tap+ -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i br0 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A FORWARD -i br0 -j ACCEPT
Now make an OpenVPN configuration on the server side to receive incoming connections such as:
# OpenVPN bridge config, Linux side
local [public IP address or hostname]
# IP settings
port 8888
dev tap0
# crypto config
secret key.txt
# restart control
ping-restart 60
ping 10
# compression
user nobody
group nobody
# verbosity
verb 3
# end of config
For additional clients, copy the configuration above, but use a different port number, tapX unit number, and secret key.
Now on the windows client side:
# OpenVPN bridge config, windows client side
remote [public IP address or hostname of server]
port 8888
dev tap
# This is the address the client will
# "appear as" when it connects to the
# bridged LAN.
ifconfig 10.5.0.5 255.255.255.0
secret key.txt
ping 10
verb 3
# end of config
Now run OpenVPN on both sides with the appropriate configuration file, using the --config option.
On the Linux side, you probably want to run as a daemon, so include --daemon and --cd [dir], where dir is the directory that contains the key file.
If everything worked correctly, the Linux server or any host on its subnet should be able to ping 10.5.0.5 and see the remote VPN connected client.
The Windows client should be able to ping any address on the 10.5.0.x subnet, including addresses of other remote, OpenVPN-bridged clients.
If Windows machines or Samba servers exist on the LAN bridged by the Linux server (including Samba running on the Linux server itself), the Windows client should see them in its network neighborhood, and vice versa.
Furthermore, ethernet bridging allows for the transport of all protocols which are compatible with Ethernet, including IPv6 and IPX.
Ethernet bridging is a great way to work when on the road, and I personally use it for securely connecting to home or office from WiFi Internet cafes.
Notes -- Ethernet bridging, with the bridge occurring on the Windows side.
This configuration requires Windows XP or higher on the bridge side. First make a TAP-Windows adapter ("tap-bridge") without setting any TCP/IP properties.
Select "tap-bridge" and your ethernet adapter in Control Panel -> Network Connections, then right click and select "Bridge Connections". I am assuming that the bridged network address is 10.0.0.0 subnet 255.255.255.0. The connecting client will use an address of 10.0.0.7.
Note that if your ethernet adapter is a DHCP client, the act of bridging the connection may cause it to get a new IP address lease.
Use this config on the Windows side (the side doing the bridging):
remote [myremote]
dev tap
dev-node tap-bridge
ping 5
secret key
Use this config on the remote (which in this case is a linux box but could also be a windows box):
remote [myremote]
dev tap
ifconfig 10.0.0.7 255.255.255.0
ping 5
secret key
Notes -- Setting TAP-Windows address/subnet automatically via DHCP
Setting the TAP-Windows address/subnet automatically via DHCP is a convenient method of managing IP addresses in a bridge situation, though there are some caveats that must be handled.
The problem with getting addresses for VPN clients via DHCP is that you only want to get the IP address and subnet mask, not the gateway. Therefore in a bridge situation, a DHCP server must be able to differentiate between local clients and remote VPN clients.
Dave Lau contributed a config file for ISC's dhcp3 server that does just this. I reproduce Dave's email describing his setup in full below, including the DHCP server config file.
[Editors note: The 00:FF MAC prefix is not my original idea -- I got it from the Linux TAP driver.]
I've been using openVPN since you ported it to windows, and I must say it is fantastic. In just 2 short weeks of testing, I have decided to scrap my IPSec VPN that I have been using for my small business in place of openVPN. One thing that I have found to be immensely useful is the ethernet bridging. I would rather bridge than route for my particular situation, because I want my remote vpn clients to be on the same subnet as the office-bound clients for myriad reasons. I did not like having to manually configure IP addresses for each client, so I elected to use a dhcp server to serve my remote clients an IP address through the openVPN tunnel.
Rather than relying on client hostnames to distinguish between openVPN and non-openVPN connections, I took advantage of your clever idea to create MAC addresses for the Tap adapters as 00:FF:xx:xx:xx:xx, and I wrote my dhcpd.conf file accordingly. The reason this is necessary for me is that I do not want to hand out a default gateway or DNS server to my openVPN clients, I only want local traffic going through the tunnel. I'm sure there are many other possible instances in which the dhcp server would like to handle openVPN clients differently from standard clients, so I though I would share my dhcp server config with you on the off chance that it might be useful to others. This particular config is for ISC's dhcp3 server, but I'm sure it would work with just about anything. There is nothing particularly clever or tricky about this config file, I just did not happen to see any examples of it anywhere, so if this could save someone some time and effort, that would be great:
Thank you, Jim, for writing this fantastic piece of software.
Dave Lau
beefcake:~# cat /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
## If hardware address begins with 00:FF, the client is an
## openvpn tap adapter, and we do not want to assign a
## default gateway or dns server. Assign then to a special
## subclass and configure a pool which does not hand out
## these parameters.
class "openvpn" {
match if substring (hardware, 1, 2) = 00:FF;
## end class declaration
## subnet for br0
subnet 172.16.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
always-broadcast on;
max-lease-time 3600;
default-lease-time 1800;
option domain-name "ezone.net";
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
pool {
deny members of "openvpn";
range 172.16.0.150 172.16.0.254;
option routers 172.16.0.1;
option domain-name-servers 172.16.0.1;
option tftp-server-name "172.16.0.209";
pool {
allow members of "openvpn";
range 172.16.0.100 172.16.0.125;
Notes -- Driver Stability
The stability of the TAP-Windows driver is obviously of great concern since any crash by a driver will also crash the entire system, producing the infamous blue screen of death (BSOD).
Between 1.5-beta1 and 1.5-beta2, significant stability improvements have been made in the driver, and it now passes the Windows Driver Verifier when running in its most rigourous verification mode. The 1.5-beta1 driver had problems crashing on sleep/resume and I believe these bugs have been fixed in 1.5-beta2 and higher.
Versions of the TAP-Windows driver prior to 1.5-beta8 are NOT safe for usage on SMP (i.e. multiprocessor) systems.
1.5-Beta8 has been redesigned to be SMP-safe but more real world testing will be required before its stability can be assured.
Notes -- TUN devices
Tun device support (via the --dev tun option) was first included in OpenVPN 1.5-beta8.
A "tun" device is a virtual point-to-point IP link.
Using --dev tun also requires that you use --ifconfig to tell OpenVPN the local and remote IP endpoints for the point-to-point tunnel.
The --ifconfig option also calls the Windows "netsh" command, and some problems have been reported with this command on Win2K at lower service packet levels.
If you would like to use --dev tun but would rather set the TCP/IP properties manually rather than having OpenVPN try to do it automatically with netsh, follow these steps:
- Specify --ifconfig with endpoint addresses.
- Specify the --ifconfig-noexec option.
- Manually set the network/subnet in the TCP/IP properties. You should use a "/30" subnet that encloses the addresses that were specified in the --ifconfig option. The netmask, therefore, will be 255.255.255.252.
Notes -- TAP vs. TUN devices
A "tap" device is a virtual ethernet adapter, while a "tun" device is a virtual point-to-point IP link.
As of OpenVPN 1.5-beta8, the TAP-Windows driver supports both "tun or "tap" style devices.
You cannot mix --dev tun and --dev tap on different ends of the connection. Use one or the other consistently.
There are some caveats to be aware of when using "tun" style devices on Windows: the --ifconfig endpoints chosen must be the two "middle" addresses in a 255.255.255.252 subnet.
The command
openvpn --show-valid-subnets
will show more information about how to choose VPN endpoints when --dev tun is used.
The other caveat concerns MTU. On most platforms, OpenVPN programatically sets the MTU of the "tun" or "tap" interface. Currently on Windows, the only way to change the TAP-Windows MTU is to go to the adapter advanced properties and do it manually.
Because of this, the easiest choice is to leave the TAP-Windows MTU setting at "1500" and tell OpenVPN on both sides of the connection to use an MTU of "1500" with the config option:
tun-mtu 1500
If you then need to lower the MTU because of fragmentation or router problems, use something like
fragment 1400
to lower OpenVPN's tunnel carrier UDP packet size to "1400".
Notes -- MTU
Setting the MTU is an important but sometimes problematic aspect of VPN configuration. The MTU (maximum transmission units) is the maximum packet size in bytes that can be sent or received by a real or virtual network adapter.
The common symptom of MTU problems is a VPN connection which appears to start up fine, but then locks up under real usage.
The easiest way to solve MTU problems is by using the --mssfix and/or --fragment options which were added in beta8. Typical usage would be:
fragment 1400
Some notes:
- The TAP-Windows adapter MTU defaults to "1500" which is the required setting for ethernet bridging.
- For some time before the Windows port of OpenVPN was completed, a default --link-mtu of "1300" has been in place for "tun" interfaces. Because the Windows TAP-Windows interface prefers an MTU of "1500", it is essential to not rely on the default MTU value in this case, but to explicitly include "tun-mtu 1500" on both sides of the connection.
- The MTU on both sides of an OpenVPN connection must exactly match. On non-windows systems, the MTU of a tap device is usually set by the ifconfig command.
- The MTU of a TAP-Windows adapter can be changed by going to Control Panel -> Network Connections -> [TAP-Windows adapter name] -> Configure -> Advanced.
Notes -- Firewall on the Windows client
In general, it's a good idea to always protect a VPN client or server with a firewall.
The important points for setting up firewalling on a Windows system running OpenVPN are:
- Make sure that your connection to the internet is always firewalled, especially when you are running a VPN. VPNs create trusted relationships between geographically disparate networks, and if any network on the VPN is compromised by a virus or worm, the exploit has the potential of jumping across the VPN and infecting other machines.
- You can enable firewalling on a given network adapter by going to Control Panel -> Network Connections, right-click on the icon that represents your link to the internet, select "Properties", go the the "Advanced" tab, and enable "Internet Connection Firewall".
- If you are running OpenVPN as a server on a Windows machine, you will need to configure your firewall to allow incoming clients to connect to OpenVPN's port number which is "UDP 1194" by default.
- In general, running OpenVPN as a client doesn't require any special firewall configuration, provided you use the --ping option to preserve the state of the OpenVPN connection in the firewall.
- In general, you don't need to enable firewalling on the TAP-Windows adapter. Once an IP packet appears to be "coming in" on the TAP-Windows adapter, it has already been decrypted and authenticated by OpenVPN, even though the connection between OpenVPN peers might transit an untrusted network such as the internet.
- One case where you might want to firewall the TAP-Windows adapter is if you are connecting to an untrusted machine, or a machine which will route or bridge your connection with an untrusted network.
Notes -- Media Status
1.5-beta2 of the driver has the Media Status patch. This patch shows the TAP-Win32 adapter as being "unplugged" whenever OpenVPN is not running.
Notes -- Error message from OpenVPN
OpenVPN can be on the chatty side when it comes to error messages, and sleep-resume activity often produces a flurry of non-fatal messages. Most of these messages can be safely ignored and are provided for informational and debugging purposes only.
To suppress repeating messages, the --mute option can be used. For example --mute 10 will print no more than 10 consecutive messages in the same error class. To suppress all error messages except those that are fatal, use --verb 0.
Notes -- ARP/MAC Issues with the TAP-Windows driver
Most TAP drivers allocate a random MAC to their virtual NIC. If OpenVPN running on Windows disconnects and reconnects to a remote peer, it is possible that that peer will reinitialize its TAP device and generate a new random MAC, causing Windows to temporarily lose access to the IP addresses exported by that remote peer. This is because Windows doesn't know that a given IP address on the virtual TAP network now is associated with a new MAC, so it tries to send packets to the old MAC, causing them to be dropped.
Luckily, there is an easy solution to this problem. Create a batch file with one or more of the following commands:
arp -d [ip-address]
Where ip-address is a remote IP address at the other end of the virtual TAP network whose access was lost due to an OpenVPN restart. The "arp -d" command will cause Windows to "forget" the MAC address which it previously associated with the given IP address. Next time that IP address is used, Windows will actively query the remote peer (with an "arp who-has" message) to get the new MAC address.
You can also use
arp -d *
to purge all MAC addresses from the cache.
You can use the --up option in OpenVPN to automatically run a given batch file immediately after TAP device initialization -- such a batch file can contain "arp" commands as described above.
Note that OpenVPN 1.5-beta8 and higher will execute the "arp -d *" command automatically, unless explicitly disabled with the --no-arp-del option.
Notes -- Limitations
The following features which are normally available in the Posix version of OpenVPN are either missing or implemented differently in the Windows version as of 1.5-beta3.
- Only TAP virtual devices are supported on Windows, not TUN devices. This means that OpenVPN on Windows can only connect to other platforms which also support TAP devices.
- --shaper doesn't work yet due to the lack of a gettimeofday library function. This is not difficult to fix and could be implemented by borrowing some code from the cygwin library.
- Windows doesn't support Posix-style signals directly, however when OpenVPN is run from a command prompt window, keyboard shortcuts have been set up to simulate signals using the following mapping: "F1:USR1 F2:USR2 F3:HUP F4:TERM". When running as a service, the OpenVPN service wrapper will send a terminate signal to all OpenVPN subprocesses when it gets a stop signal from the SCM (Service Control Manager).
Notes -- Differences between TAP-Windows driver and CIPE driver
The TAP-Windows driver distributed with OpenVPN 1.5-beta5 and later is derived from Cipe-Win32 2.0-pre15 with some significant changes:
- Stability is much improved, especially with sleep/resume, using Michael Clarke's patch which upgrades the driver to NDIS5, properly implements sleep/resume OIDs, and fixes a race condition between "AdapterTransmit" and "IRP_MJ_READ".
- Added Christof Meerwald's "Media Status" patch which shows a given TAP-Win32 adapter as being "unplugged" when it is not currently open by an OpenVPN instance.
- Modified the MAC generation code to follow the Linux algorithm for generating MACs, using "0:FF:XX:XX:XX:XX" where "XX:XX:XX:XX" is random.
- Added code to lock the TAP device so that only one OpenVPN instance can have it open at a time.
- Added an MTU parameter which acts like the ifconfig mtu parameter under Linux. The MTU defaults to "1500" and can be changed through the adapter advanced properties dialog.
- Set up the driver to keep track of its Rx/Tx stats rather than depending on userspace to set them.
- Ran the driver through the windows driver verifier with all testing modes enabled, including low-resource simulation mode. Based on the resulting bug checks, I was able to fix a number of problems including using "MmGetSystemAddressForMdlSafe" instead of "MmGetSystemAddressForMdl", fixing several places in the code where the return status of "NdisAllocateMemory" is not checked, and making the flags match between "NdisAllocateMemory" and "NdisFreeMemory" calls.
- Renamed the driver so that it shows up as a "TAP-Windows" adapter in the network control panel, and does not conflict with the CIPE driver.
- Brought the driver up to SMP standards (beta8), redid the packet queueing subroutines as a circular queue for better efficiency and more straightforward locking semantics under SMP.
- Fixed dangling IRP bug that could potentially cause a bug check if driver was unloaded or disabled while still open by a userspace process (beta8).
- Fixed bug that rendered an adapter instance unusable if a userspace process tried to read a packet of data but provided a buffer that was too small to completely return the packet (beta8).
- Added several new ioctls to return interesting status information back to userspace, such as currently configured MTU value, driver version number, and extended error status information (beta8).
- Added "tun" device emulation (beta8).
- Adapter media state is now controlled directly from userspace using the "TAP_IOCTL_SET_MEDIA_STATUS" ioctl.
- An option has been added to the TAP-Windows driver advanced properties page that allows you to control whether the adapter appears to Windows as "Always Connected" or whether the connection status is dynamically brought up and down by OpenVPN ("Application Controlled").
- To a certain extent, backwards compatibility with NT 4 has been sacrificed in the interest of better usability and stability on Win2K/XP.
Notes -- Manual configuration of the TAP-Windows adapter
This section has been moved here.
Notes -- List available TAP-Windows adaptersThis section has been moved here.
Notes -- Windows and TAP device namingThis section has been moved here.
Notes -- Building from source
This documentation has been moved to the Wiki.
Notes -- Manual Install/Update/Uninstall of the TAP-Windows kernel driverThis section has been moved here.
Notes -- OpenVPN Performance Benchmarks
All tests with OpenVPN 1.5-beta2 on systems locally connected to a 100Mbps LAN using UDP tunnel transport, TAP devices with an MTU of 1500, and no compression.
Transfer of 33,128,460 bytes -- Linux 2.4.21 P2 266Mhz Linux 2.4.21 P4 2.4Ghz
|FTP get on 266Mhz
|FTP send on 266MHz
|OpenVPN Blowfish tunnel
|23.1 sec (1.4e+03 Kbytes/sec)
25.7 sec (1.3e+03 Kbytes/sec)
|16.9 sec (1.9e+03 Kbytes/sec)
15.8 sec (2e+03 Kbytes/sec)
|OpenVPN plaintext tunnel
|9.75 sec (3.3e+03 Kbytes/sec)
9.65 sec (3.4e+03 Kbytes/sec)
|8.21 secs (3.9e+03 Kbytes/sec)
9.65 secs (3.4e+03 Kbytes/sec)
|Direct FTP without OpenVPN
|4.73 sec (6.8e+03 Kbytes/sec)
4.75 sec (6.8e+03 Kbytes/sec)
|4 secs (8.1e+03 Kbytes/sec)
3.93 secs (8.2e+03 Kbytes/sec)
Transfer of 33,128,460 bytes -- Linux 2.4.21 P2 266Mhz Win XP SP1 P4 2.2 Ghz
|FTP get on WinXP
|FTP send on WinXP
|OpenVPN Blowfish tunnel
|19.14 sec (1731.03 Kbytes/sec)
19.11 sec (1733.84 Kbytes/sec)
|23.46 sec.(1411.94 Kbytes/sec)
23.44 sec (1413.09 Kbytes/sec)
|OpenVPN plaintext tunnel
|11.31 sec (2930.17 Kbytes/sec)
11.89 sec (2786.95 Kbytes/sec)
|11.72 sec (2827.38 Kbytes/sec)
10.71 sec (3094.67 Kbytes/sec)
|Direct FTP without OpenVPN
|5.55 sec (5971.24 Kbytes/sec)
5.39 sec (6148.56 Kbytes/sec)
|4.90 sec (6765.05 Kbytes/sec)
4.91 sec (6751.27 Kbytes/sec)


text:
Become a fan
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text:
The Loan Process diagram below illustrates the order in which your loan will progress and shows you which department oversees the various stages and who is responsible for each task.
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Apply with a loan officer to get pre-qualified!
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We underwrite to formally approve or deny the loan.
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We clear the file for closing.
Close on your new home!


text:
Power Electronics
In contrast to traditional electronics, which is all about handling data, power electronics is all about handling power: generating it, converting it, and moving it from source to load. This technology finds applications in a wide range of industries including power utility generation and distribution; automotive; and consumer electronics. Thus, the power handling ranges from terawatts to milliwatts. Several trends are increasing the challenges that designers of power electronic devices must overcome, as detailed below.
- Power utility generation and distribution - For the power grid, renewable sources such as photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines present challenges not found in traditional power stations where the fuel can be bought close to the point of use. Locations with favorable wind and sunshine are not necessarily close to locations of consumption, so the plant must be brought to the "fuel", and an extended distribution span is needed. PV sources are generally DC, necessitating high-power inverters to join them the AC grid.
- Automotive - Even conventional-fuelled vehicles contain dozens of small- to medium- sized electric motors, an alternator, a traditional battery, and electronic subsystems, with the amount increasing every model year. Designers of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) face the additional challenges of high-power drive motors, generators in regenerative braking configuration, and high capacity batteries. The problem of drive train control becomes one of mechatronics: the combination of electromechanical components, power electronics, microcontroller chips (e.g. engine control units or ECUs), and control software.
- Consumer electronics - Devices such as smart phones and a new class of devices that will form the "Internet of things" (IoT) are generally battery powered and of a compact form factor. Power conversion efficiency is key to long battery life and to prevent overheating. Power management units (PMUs) are specialized ICs, customized for these high-volume applications. The designs are tightly constrained by efficiency, form-factor and of course, given the short product cycles in the consumer space, time-to-market.
Keysight offers multiple product families and solutions to help with your power electronic design and test needs.
Related Links
Design Software
Design Software
Electronic Design Automation (EDA) simulation software for high-frequency and high-speed system, power electronics, modeling, and RF circuit design applications.
Device Modeling Products
Device Modeling Products
Products and solutions for modeling and characterization of CMOS and III-V devices, including automated measurements, accurate device model extraction, comprehensive model qualification, PDK validation and comprehensive modeling services.
Advanced Design System (ADS)
Advanced Design System (ADS)
The industry's leading RF, microwave & high speed digital electronic design automation software for wireless communications & networking, aerospace & defense, and signal integrity applications.
EMPro 3D EM Simulation Software
EMPro 3D EM Simulation Software
EMPro is the first 3D Electromagnetic EM simulation software platform that completely integrates 3D EM simulation and the ADS circuit simulation software.
GoldenGate RFIC Simulation Software
GoldenGate RFIC Simulation Software
Advanced simulation and analysis solution for integrated mixed signal RFIC designs. GoldenGate RFIC software is fully integrated into the Cadence Analog Design Environment (ADE).
Parameter + Device Analyzers, Curve Tracer
Parameter + Device Analyzers, Curve Tracer
A family of precision current-voltage analyzers and power device analyzers offers a wide range of electrical characterization instruments to meet needs of diverse users.
Power Device Analyzer / Curve Tracer
Power Device Analyzer / Curve Tracer
Various power device analyzers provide wide voltage and current ranges that cover various power devices such as IGBT, super junction MOSFET, power MOSFET, thyristors, GTO, diode and so on. Capacitance and gate charge besides IV are evaluated.
U1880A Power measurement deskew fixture
DSOX3PWR Power Measurements for the InfiniiVision 3000 X-Series Oscilloscopes
DSOX3PWR Power Measurements for the InfiniiVision 3000 X-Series Oscilloscopes
Power measurement application for the 3000 X-Series oscilloscopes
DSOX4PWR Power Measurements for the InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes
DSOX4PWR Power Measurements for the InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series Oscilloscopes
The DSO4XPWR option is a power measurement and analysis option that is integrated into InfiniiVision 4000 X-Series scopes.
DSOX6PWR Power Measurements for InfiniiVision 6000 X-Series Oscilloscopes
DSOX6PWR Power Measurements for InfiniiVision 6000 X-Series Oscilloscopes
The DSOX6PWR option is a power measurement and analysis option integrated into InfiniiVision 6000 X-Series oscilloscopes.
U1882B Power Measurement Application for Infiniium Series Oscilloscopes
U1882B Power Measurement Application for Infiniium Series Oscilloscopes
The U1882B power measurement application for Infiniium oscilloscopes provides a full suite of power measurements that runs directly on your scope.
PD1000A Power Device Measurement System for Advanced Modeling
PD1000A Power Device Measurement System for Advanced Modeling
Eliminate design cycles by creating real-world power device models resulting in simulations you can trust.
DC Electronic Loads
DC Electronic Loads
Single input electronic loads, load mainframes, fuel cell test solutions...
AC Power Sources
AC Power Sources
Keysight offers two families of AC power sources up to 4000 VA to meet your AC test challenges – from basic to higher performance.
DC Power Supplies
DC Power Supplies
Power Supply Overview: Single- & multiple-output DC power supplies, system power supplies, solar array simulators. Keysight has the DC power supply to meet your needs.