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Peak water
Bigger reservoirs and deeper wells won't end California's water crisis
At night, in the parched pasturelands in the southern reaches of California's Central Valley, strange constellations glow on the horizon: beacons atop rigs that are drilling for water. Applications to drill new wells skyrocketed after state officials announced in February that, after the third year of pitiful precipitation, no water would be delivered via the concrete rivers of the massive State and Central Valley water projects. In Fresno County between January and April, 226 well drilling permits were issued compared to just 69 during the same period last year – prompting some to fear irreparable damage to aquifers.
In the daytime, signs planted in desiccated orchards come into view, declaring: "Congress created Dust Bowl" and "Man-made Drought," expressing the widely believed myth that regulations to protect endangered fish in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta are responsible for water shortages on Central Valley farms.
In February, House Republican David Valadao proposed lifting endangered species protections and invalidating the federal mandate to restore the San Joaquin River, so that pumping from the Delta to the Central Valley could be increased. In March, Democratic Sens. Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer sought more "flexibility" to transfer water from wetter northern regions to the south's water-starved farms and cities, and to expand Shasta Lake, California's largest reservoir, for storing more water. Just last week, five Central Valley water agencies announced their own audacious plan to overcome the drought: Fill the California Aqueduct with groundwater and reverse its normal flow along one roughly 50-mile section in order to deliver moisture to the valley's bone-dry western edge.
In California, the worst political sin during times of extreme aridness is the appearance of idleness. But while politicians maneuver for temporary engineering fixes and regulatory rollbacks, other Westerners argue that the old solutions to water scarcity won't end the current crisis, or protect us from future ones.
Water expert Peter Gleick says California and the West have reached "peak water," with more water promised to farms and cities than mountains and rivers can provide. Worse, the region could fall into a "megadrought," lasting decades or centuries. Bigger reservoirs and new wells will bring no relief without an adequate water supply. Which raises the question: Will California take realistic measures to deal with its water crisis, or succumb to political inertia and lack of rain?
The last decade's unrelenting droughts have forced Westerners to re-evaluate the definition of a "normal" water supply. Lynn Ingram, a University of California earth science professor and author of The West Without Water, didn't have to look far to find major periods of aridity in the past. There was the 1930s Dust Bowl, and the 1976 to '77 drought, known in California as the "year of no rain." And yet, as economically and socially damaging as these events were, we have not witnessed the worst possible extremes – not by a long shot, says Ingram. The mid-Holocene drought, for example, persisted for 1,500 years, forcing vast migrations of Native peoples.
Add climate change to the risk of natural megadrought, and the future looks even bleaker. "The data shows that there are certainly periods of dryness that were longer and more intense than what we have in our 100 years of records," says Elissa Lynn, program manager of the Climate Change Adaptation team at California's Department of Water Resources. "The problem is that today it's hotter than it was in those periods – and that will exacerbate any drought problems we have."
Lynn points out that the state's snowpack, the source of about one-third of its water, is expected to decline by 48 to 65 percent this century. Already, it has dropped by 10 percent over 20 years. In early May, the water stored in remaining snowpack was just 18 percent of average. "We have to start making plans for its loss," Lynn says.
The White House's National Climate Assessment, released this month, reinforces that mandate. According to the report, temperature increases resulting from carbon pollution have played a large role in the snowline's rapid retreat. Rising temperatures and shrinking water supplies are a double blow for farms: "The combination of a longer frost-free season, less frequent cold air outbreaks, and more frequent heat waves ... increases agricultural water consumption," the report says. "This combination of climate changes is projected to continue and intensify."
Ingram says California and most of the West have entered an era in which water shortages can't be solved through brute-force engineering. "We need to acknowledge how unreliable and uncertain our water supply is. It looks variable over a century. But if you go back in time, it's even more variable. And that's a little scary," she says. "You can build bigger reservoirs, but if we're heading into a drier period, you're not going to have the water to fill them."
She has some practical advice: "We need to be thinking about local efficiency – the use of wastewater recycling and rainwater harvesting," she says. And in agricultural regions where the bulk of the state's water is consumed, efficiency and groundwater monitoring must be priorities. (California doesn't regulate groundwater pumping, and the more aquifers are depleted, the less they can be leaned on during future droughts.)
Lynn of the Department of Water Resources agrees, pointing out that reduced snowpack and earlier snowmelt will force water managers to take a "portfolio" approach – diversifying water supplies, increasing water conservation and recycling, and devising new storage methods, like banking water in aquifers in wet years, rather than in reservoirs.
The drought currently ravaging California is, indeed, partly "man-made." But those responsible for "making" the drought are not politicians or regulators with soft spots for endangered fish. This drought, while natural in some sense, has likely been intensified by anyone who puts gasoline in a car, flips a light switch powered by coal- or gas-burning power plants – or turns on a faucet. In California, roughly one-fifth of the state's electricity is used for "water-related" purposes, including treating, heating and moving it to places it doesn't naturally flow. To a greater or lesser extent, we are all to blame.
Correction: The original version of this story stated that about one-fifth of California's energy is used to transport water, but the story has been corrected to say that one-fifth is used for "water-related" purposes.


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Dec 142012
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
HDS adds thin provisioning to mid-range
Thinner middle, greater efficiency, smaller trousers
Being miserly with disk space allocation is goodness these days, and all the array suppliers are offering thin provisioning, with applications getting disk capacity as needed instead of it being allocated up front and all at once. HDS has extended its version, Dynamic Provisioning, to its AMS 2000 mid-range storage products.
Introduced on the high-end USP-V and VM array controllers, the software allocates physical disk capacity in chunks to virtual volumes. Applications read and write data in these virtual volumes assuming they have all the storage they need allocated up front. As the actual space needed to hold written data fills up then the HDS array controller software will supply more actual physical capacity to the virtual volume. This means customers can defer buying disk capacity until it is actually needed and when, generally speaking, it will be cheaper.
HDS has also announced Automatic Dynamic Rebalancing. When physical volumes are added to expand a Dynamic Provisioning pool of storage, existing virtual volumes in the pool are automatically re-striped across these new physical volumes to rebalance the workload. HDS claims to be the only supplier doing this.
Furthermore, the company has a Storage Reclamation Service which assesses a customer's environment, plans a dynamic provisioned environment for it, migrates the data and reclaims unused capacity with Zero Page Reclaim, which returns unused storage blocks back to the general storage pool, without disruption to the application, and thereby defers both capital and operating expenses. ®


text:
Welcome to the Virus Encyclopedia of Panda Security.
Windows 2003/XP/2000/NT/ME/98/95
Payclicker.BJ is a backdoor that allows hackers to gain remote access to the affected computer in order to carry out actions that compromise user confidentiality and impede the tasks performed on the computer.
It reduces the security level of the computer:
it terminates processes belonging to security tools, such as antivirus programs and firewalls, leaving the computer defenseless against attacks from other malware; it changes the security settings of Internet Explorer, decreasing its security level.
It uses stealth techniques to avoid being detected by the user:
It uses several methods in order to avoid detection by antivirus companies:
Payclicker.BJ uses the following propagation or distribution methods:


text:
Since we saw Illumiroom at CES in January, the technology has come quite a ways. But while it's still a spectacular technology display, don't look for it to pop up in any Xbox announcements in the near future. In fact, Microsoft Research's Hrvoje Benko and Brett Jones told us during a interview that while they have Illumiroom technology working well at this point, they're not likely to even demo it to the public until July at Siggraph.
It will prolly be brought in an update. Was hoping it would come with the xbox8. May 21 is near. Or maybe May 10. Just a guess.
Shinra Tensei
You got that right. If I wanted a projector, I have access to the latest and greatest right here at my job. Come up with something else man. It pretty pathetic.
Typical M$. Ohh look what it can do. "can I haz?" No it won't be out for years. But when it does it will for sure not work correctly. Tired of them I am.


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SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico (AP) — A longtime friend of boxer Hector "Macho" Camacho says the former world champion's condition has worsened after a shooting in Puerto Rico and he could be taken off life support.
Friend and former manager Ismael Leandry tells The Associated Press that doctors are waiting for Camacho's mother to decide whether he should be taken off life support. She was expected to arrive Wednesday morning at San Juan's Centro Medico from the U.S. mainland.
Camacho was shot in the face Tuesday in the city of Bayamon. A friend with him was killed. Doctors initially said the boxer was in critical condition but expected to survive. But his condition worsened.
Hospital Director Dr. Ernesto Torres says Camacho is in critical condition. No arrests have been made in the shooting.


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The writers mentioned in the following bibliography are distingushed as historians and as writers of biographies, memoirs, diaries and letters, according to the class to which their most notable writings severally belong. For bibliographies of writers discussed separately in the course of this History, see the bibliographies of the chapters in which the principal notices of them respectively occur. Publications which wholly or mainly consist of the autobiographies, diaries or letters of particular writers are generally entered here under their own names and not under those of the editors.
On the general subject of this chapter see Gooch, G. P., History and Historians in the nineteenth century (1913), chaps. XVXX in particular; and cf. Fueter, E., Geschichte der neueren Historiographie (Below and Meineckes Handbuch der mittelalterl. u. neueren Gesch., pt. 1, Munich and Berlin, 1911), bks. v and vi.
For additional works on Indian history and biography see, post, Chap. X, bibliography.
Acton, John Emerich Edward Dalberg, first lord. The Civil War in America; its place in History; and The Rise and Fall of the Mexican Empire. Two lectures delivered at the Bridgnorth Lit. and Sci. Inst., Jan. and March, 1868; rptd. in The Bridgnorth Jrnl. and in 1907 (see below). Römische Briefe vom Concil. Von Quirinus. [By A. and others.] Rptd., from Augsburg Allg. Ztg., December, 1869, Munich, 1870. Engl. tr.: Letters from Rome on the Council, 3 series. 1870. Sendschreiben an einen deutschen Bischof des Vatican. Concils. Sept., 1870. Nördlingen, 1870. The War of 1870. A Lecture. 1871. The History of Freedom in Antiquity, and the History of Freedom in Christianity. Two addresses delivered in Bridgnorth, 1877. Rptd., 1907 (see below). French tr. by Bourget, L. 1878. An Inaugural Lecture on the Study of History. Delivered at Cambridge, 11 June, 1895. Rptd. in Lectures on Modern History, 1906. The Causes of the Franco-German War; and Record Experiences, read before the Trinity Historical Society and before the Eranus Society, Cambridge. Rptd. in 1907 (see below). Lectures on Modern History. Ed. Figgis, J. N. and Laurence, R. V. 1906. (These include, inter alia, the Letter to Contributors to the Cambridge Modern History.) Historical Essays and Studies. Ed. by the same. 1907. The History of Freedom, and other Essays. Ed. by the same. 1907. Lectures on the French Revolution. Ed. by the same. 1910.
Letters of Lord Acton to Mary, daughter of W. E. Gladstone. Ed. with introd. by Paul, H. 1904. 2nd edn. 1913. Gasquet, F. A. (Card.), Lord Acton and his circle; Letters with introd. 1906. A catalogue of certain sections of Lord A.s library, now in the university library, Cambridge, is published in the C. U. L. Bulletin, Acton Collection, 190810.
For a complete bibliography see Shaw, W. A., Bibliography of the Historical Works of Lord Acton and others (R. Hist. soc.), 1903.
Alison, Sir Archibald. History of Europe, 17891815. 10 vols. Edinburgh, 183342, and later edns. 7th edn. 20 vols. Edinburgh, 18478. Atlas to Alisons History of Europe. By Johnston, A. K. With vocabulary of military and marine terms. Edinburgh, 1848. The Military Life of Marlborough. Edinburgh, 1848. 2nd edn. Life of Marlborough, with account of his contemporaries, and of the War of the Succession. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1852. Essays, political, historical and miscellaneous. 3 vols. 1850. History of Europe, 181552. 9 vols. Edinburgh, 18529. Some account of my life and writings. An autobiography by the late Sir Archibald Alison. Ed. by his daughter-in-law, Lady Alison. 2 vols. 1883.
Allen, John (17711843). An Enquiry into the Rise and Growth of the Royal Prerogative in England. 1831. See, also, Lingard, John.
Anson, Sir W. Reynell, bart. (18431914). The Law and Custom of the Constitution. 2 parts. Oxford, 188692, and later edns.
Bagehot, Walter. See bibliography to Chap. III, post.
Bateson, Mary. The Origin and Early History of Double Monasteries. Trans. R. Hist. soc. New series. Vol. XIII. Records of the Borough of Leicester. Vols. IIII. 18991905. The Laws of Breteuil. English Hist. Review. Vols. XV and XVI. 19001. The Charters of the Borough of Cambridge. Ed., with Maitland, F. W. (Cambridge Antiq. soc.) 1901. Index Britanniae scriptorum quos coll. I. Baleus (Bishop Bale). New edn., with Poole, R. L. Anecdota Oxoniensia. Oxford, 1902. The Cambridge Gild Records. (Camb. Antiq. soc.) 1903. Medieval England, 10661350. (Story of the Nations.) 1903. Borough Customs. Vols. I, II. Publ. of the Selden soc. 19046.
Tout, T. F. Art. in D. of N. B. Suppl. II, vol. 1, with full bibliography.
Bergenroth, Gustav Adolph (18131869). Calendars of the Simancas Papers. Letters, Despatches and State Papers, rel. to negotiations between England and Spain, in the Archives at Simancas and elsewhere. Vol. 1 (14851509). 1862. Vol. II (15091525). 1866. Suppl. vol. (Catharine of Aragon). 1868. [An ingenious decipherer and brilliant writer, with sensational cravings.]
Cartwright, W. C. Gustav Bergenroth, a Memorial Sketch. Edinburgh, 1870.
Brewer, John Sherren. Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII from his accession to the death of Wolsey. Reviewed and illustr. from the original documents. Ed. Gairdner, J. 2 vols. 1884. English Studies. Rptd. from The Quarterly Review. Ed. with memoir by Wace, H. 2 vols. 1884. Edns. of Goodman, Bp. G., The Court of James I., 1839; The Court and Times of Charles I., 1848. Edns. (in Rolls series) of Giraldus Cambrensis, Opera, vols. IIV, 1861, etc.; Monumenta Franciscana, vol. 1, 1858; R. Bacon, Opera quaedam, vol. 1, 1859, etc. The Students Hume. 1878.
Brougham and Vaux, Henry, Lord (17781868). Historical Sketches of Statesmen in the time of George III. 3 series in 5 vols. 183943. 6 vols. 1845. Trans. into French as Esquisses historiques by Legeay, U. Lyons, 1847. Lives of Men of Letters and Science in the time of George III. 2 series. 18456.
Life and Times of Lord Brougham written by himself. 3 vols. 1871.
See, also, bibliography to sec. C, post.
Bruce, John (17451826). Review of the Events and Treaties which established the Balance of Power in Europe and the Balance of Trade in favour of Great Britain. 1796. Report on the arrangements made for the internal defence of these kingdoms [at the time of the Spanish Armada]. (Privately ptd. for the use of Pitts government.) 1798. Report on the events and circumstances which produced the Union of England and Scotland, etc. 2 vols. 1799. Report on the arrangements [made at previous dates when France threatened invasions of Great Britain or Ireland]. (Privately ptd. for the use of the government.) 1801. Annals of the East India Company from their establishment in 1600 to the union of the London and East India Companies. 3 vols. 1810.
Bruce, John (18021869). Correspondence of Archbishop Parker, 153575. Ed. with Perowne, T. T. (Parker soc.) 1853. Calendars of State Papers. Charles I. 162539. 12 vols. 185871. (The last volume by Hamilton, W. D.) Papers relating to William 1st Earl of Gowrie. Privately ptd. 1867. Contributions to the publications of the society of Antiquaries, the Camden society, Archaeologia, etc.
Buckle, Henry Thomas. History of Civilization in England. Vol. 1. 1857. Vol. II. 1861. Rptd. as History of Civilization in England, France, Spain and Scotland. 3 vols. 1866. Tr. into German, 1860; French, 1860; and Russian. Miscellaneous and Posthumous Works. Ed., with a biographical notice, by Taylor, Helen. 3 vols. 1872. (Includes Lecture on Influence of Woman on the Progress of Knowledge, April, 1858; tr. into Dutch; Review of Mill on Liberty, May, 1850; Fragment on the Reign of Elizabeth (posthumous).)
For a complete bibliography and list of notices of Buckle, see Leslie Stephens notice of him in D. of N. B. vol. VII, 1886.
Burdy, Samuel (17591820). The History of Scotland, to the Union. 1817.
Burton, John Hill. Life and Correspondence of David Hume. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1846. Lives of Simon, Lord Lovat, and Duncan Forbes of Culloden. 1847. Political and Social Economy. Edinburgh, 1849. The Darien Papers (16951700). Ed. Burton, J. H. (Bannatyne club). 1849. The Book-Hunter. 1862. The Scot Abroad. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1864. History of Scotland from Agricolas Invasion to 1688. 7 vols. Edinburgh, 186770. History of Scotland from the Revolution to the extinction of the last Jacobite Insurrection (16891748). 2 vols. 1853. History of the Reign of Queen Anne. 3 vols. Edinburgh, 1880.
Carlyle, Thomas. See bibliography to Vol. XIII, Chap. 1, ante.
Church, Richard William (dean of St. Pauls). See bibliography to Vol. XII, Chap. XII, ante.
Clarke, H. Butler (18631904). The Cid, and the waning of the Crescent in the West (Heroes of the Nations). New York, 1907. Modern Spain; with memoir of B. C. by Hutton, W. H. Cambridge, 1906.
Clarkson, Thomas (17601846). History of the abolition of the African Slavetrade. 2 vols. 1808.
Clowes, Sir William Laird (18561905). With Markham, Sir Cl., Mahan, A. T. and others: The Royal Navy: its history from the earliest times. 7 vols. 1903.
Four Modern Naval Campaigns. 1902.
Collins, William Edward, bp. of Gibraltar. The Authority of General Councils. (Church Hist. soc.) 1896. The English Reformation and its Consequences. (Ib.) 1898. The Nature and Force of the Canon Law. (Ib.) 1898. Church and State in England before the Conquest. (Ib.) 1903. The Study of Ecclesiastical History. 1903.
Mason, A. J. W. E. Collins, bp. of Gibraltar. 1912.
Cook, George (17721845). History of the Reformation in Scotland. 6 vols. 18115.
Craik, George L. (17981866). With MacFarlane, C. The Pictorial History of England [to the accession of George III.]. 4 vols. 183841. Continued during reign of George III. 4 vols. 18414. Index by Hamilton, G. 1850. Spenser and his Poetry. 3 vols. 1845. Sketches of the history of literature and learning in England. 6 vols. 18445. Compendious History of the same from the Conquest. 2 vols. 1861.
Creighton, Mandell, bp. of London. Primer of Roman History. 1875, and later edns. French tr. by Pélicier. 1885. The Tudors and the Reformation.
(Epochs of English History.) 1876. The Age of Elizabeth. (Epochs of English History.) 1876. Simon de Montfort. (Historical Biographies.) 1876. The Shilling History of England: being an introductory volume to Epochs of English History. 1879. Rptd. with continuation to 1900 by Creighton, Louise, 1904. History of the Papacy during the period of the Reformation. 5 vols. 188297. 2nd edn. 6 vols. 1897. Memoir of Sir George Grey. Privately ptd. Newcastle-on-Tyne, 1884. Rptd., with introd. by Grey, Sir Edward, 1901. Cardinal Wolsey. (Twelve English Statesmen series). 1888. Carlisle. (Historic Towns series.) 1889. Persecution and Tolerance. (Hulsean lectures, 18934.) 1895. Queen Elizabeth. Illustrated edn. 1896. 2nd edn. 1899. The Heritage of the Spirit. 1896. Lessons from the Cross. 1898. Historical Essays and Reviews. 1902. [Most of Cs lectures, addresses, articles and reviews are collected in this and in The Church and the Nation, infra.] Thoughts on Education. 1902. Introd. to Camb. Modern Hist. vol. 1. Cambridge, 1902. Historical Lectures and Addresses. 1903. University and other Sermons. 1903. The Mind of St. Peter and other Sermons. 1904. The Church and the Nation: Charges and Addresses. 1906.
Life and Letters of Mandell Creighton. By his Wife. 2 vols. 1904.
Paul, H. Stray Leaves. 1906.
For a full bibliography of Bp. Creightons works see vol. II of his Life and Letters by Mrs. Creighton. Cf. also, as to his historical writings, Shaw, W. A., Bibliography of the Historical Works of Bp. Creighton and others (R. Hist. soc.), 1903.
Dixon, R. Watson (18331900). History of the Church of England from abolition of Roman jurisdiction. 6 vols. 18781902. Poems, with memoir by Bridges, R. 1909.
Doyle, John Andrew (18441907). History of America. 1875. The English in America. 5 vols. 18821907. Essays on various subjects, ed. Ker, W. P., with introduction by Anson, Sir W. R. 1911.
Dunlop, John Colin (d. 1842). The History of Fiction. 1814. History of Roman Literature. 18238. Memoirs of Spain during the reigns of Philip IV and Charles II. 1834.
Elphinstone, Mount Stuart (17791859). History of India (Indian and Mahometan periods). 2 vols. 1841. 5th edn., with notes and additions by Cowell, F. B. 1866.
Falkiner, Caesar Litton. Studies in Irish History and Biography, mainly in the 18th century. 1902. Illustrations of Irish History and Topography, mainly in the 17th century. 1904. Essays relating to Ireland [17th century] Ed. Dowden, E. 1909.
Freeman, Edward Augustus. Principles of Church Restoration. 1846. Thoughts on the Study of History. Oxford, 1849. A History of Architecture. 1849. Essay on the Origin and Development of Window Tracery in England. 1850. Poems Legendary and Historical. (With Cox, Sir G. W.) 1850. On the Architecture of Llandaff Cathedral. 1850. Suggestions with regard to the proposed alterations in the University and Colleges of Oxford. (With Dickinson, F. H.) Oxford, 1854. The History and Antiquities of St. Davids. (With Jones, W. B., afterwards bp. of St. Davids.) Oxford, 1856. The History and the Conquests of the Saracens. Six Lectures. Oxford, 1856. Ancient Greece and Mediaeval Italy. In Oxford Essays. 1857. Giraldi Cambrensis Opera. Preface to vol. VII, completed by F. 1858. Leominster Church and Priory. With Townsend, G. F. 1863. The History of the Norman Conquest of England. 6 vols. Oxford, 186779. Old English History for Children. 1869. History of the Cathedral Church of Wells. 1870. Historical Essays. 4 series. 187192. The Growth of the English Constitution from the earliest times. 1872. General Sketch of European History. 1872. The Unity of History. (Rede Lecture.) Cambridge, 1872. Comparative Politics. 1873. Disestablishment and Disendowment: what are they? 1874. History of Europe. (Macmillans History Primers.) 1875. Historical and Architectural Sketches. Illustrated. 1876. The Ottoman Power in Europe. 1877. The Turks in Europe. (Politics for the People.) 1877. Sketches from Subject and Neighbour Lands of Venice. 1881. The Historical Geography of Europe. 2 vols. 1881. Lectures to American Audiences. 1882. The Reign of William Rufus. 2 vols. Oxford, 1882. Introduction to American Constitutional History. (Johns Hopkins Univ. studies.) 1882. Some Impressions of the United States of America. 1883. The Office of the Historical Professor. Inaugural Lecture. 1884. Rptd., in Methods of Historical Study, 1886. The Chief Periods of European History. 1886. Greater Greece and Greater Britain; and George Washington the Expander of England. Two Lectures. 1886. Exeter. (Historic Towns.) 1887. Fifty Years of European History. Teutonic Conquest in Gaul and Britain. Lectures. 1888. William the Conqueror. (Twelve English Statesmen.) 1888. Studies of Travel (Greece and Italy). 2 vols. 1893. Sketches of Travel in Normandy and Maine. Ed. Hutton, W. H. 1897.
Stephens, W. R. W. Life and Letters of E. A. Freeman. 2 vols. 1895. (Full bibliography in Vol. II.)
Froude, James Anthony. Life of St. Neot. (Lives of the English Saints, 18445.) (Vol. III of the new edn., 1900.) Shadows of the Clouds. By Zeta. 1847. The Nemesis of Faith. 1849. With an introd. by Hutcheson, W. G. 1904. Suggestions on teaching English History. Oxford Essays. Vol. 1. 1855. A History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada. 12 vols. 185670, and later edns. Short Studies on Great Subjects. Four series. 186783, and later edns. Calvinism. (Address at St. Andrews.) 1871. The English in Ireland in the 18th century. 3 vols. 18724. Caesar. 1879. Bunyan. 1880. Luther: a short biography. 1883. Oceana, or England and her Colonies. 1886, and later edns. The English in the West Indies, or the Bow of Ulysses. 1888. The Two Chiefs of Dunboy. 1889. [A novel.] Lord Beaconsfield. 1890. The Divorce of Catherine of Aragon. 1891. The Spanish Story of the Armada, and other Essays. 1892. The Life and Letters of Erasmus. Lectures. 1894. English Seamen in the 16th century. 1895. Lectures on the Council of Trent. 1896.
See, also, as to Froudes books concerning Carlyle, Vol. XIII, Chap. 1, bibliography.
Paul, H. The Life of J. A. Froude. 1905.
Stephen, Sir L. Studies of a Biographer. Vol. III. 1902.
Fyffe, Charles Alan (184592). A History of Modern Europe, 17921878. 3 vols. 18809. Popular edn. 1895. [A valuable book by a historical student of much promise.]
Gairdner, James. Memorials of King Henry VII. (Rolls series.) 1858. Letters and Papers of the Reigns of Richard III and Henry VII. (Ib.) 2 vols. 18613. The Paston Letters. With Introd. by Gairdner, J. 3 vols. 18725. 3rd edn., with additions. 1904. Three 15th century Chronicles. Ed. G. (Camden soc.) 1876. Historical Collections of a Citizen of London in the 15th century. Ed. G. (Ib.) 1876. Life of Richard III. 1878. Revised 1898. Studies in English History. (With James Spedding.) 1881. Henry VII. (Twelve English Statesmen.) 1889. The Spousells of the Princess Mary, 1508. (Camden soc.) 1895. A History of the English Church from the accession of Henry VIII to the death of Mary. (Vol. IV of Hist. of English Church, ed. by Stevens, W. R. V. and Hunt, W. 1902). Lollardy and the Reformation in England. Vols. IIV. 190813. (Vol. IV, ed., with memoir, by Hunt, W.) Calendar of Letters and Papers of the Reign of Henry VIII. Vols. VXXI, 33 pts. ed. G. (The Prefaces to vols. IIV publ. by Brewer, J. S., under the title of The Reign of Henry VIII, etc., 2 vols., 1884, are likewise by G.)
Gardiner, Samuel Rawson. History of England from the Accession of James I to the Disgrace of Chief Justice Coke, 160310. 2 vols. 1863. Prince Charles and the Spanish Marriage, 161723. 2 vols. 1869. A History of England under the Duke of Buckingham and Charles I, 16278. 2 vols. 1875. The Personal Government of Charles I. A History of England from the Assassination of the Duke of Buckingham to the Declaration of the Judges on Ship-Money, 162837. 2 vols. 1877. The Fall of the Monarchy of Charles I, 163740. 2 vols. 1882. A revised second edn. of all the foregoing, under the title: History of England from the Accession of James I to the Outbreak of the Civil War, 160342, 10 vols., 18834. The Thirty Years War. (Epochs of Modern History.) 1874. The First Two Stuarts and the Puritan Revolution, 160360. (Epochs of Modern History.) 1876. Introduction to the Study of English History. (Part 1 by G., S. R., part II by Mullinger, J. B.) 1881, and later edns. The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution, 162860. Selected and ed. by G. Oxford, 1889, 1899. A Students History of England from the Earliest Times to 1885. 3 vols. 18901, and later edns. Ed. in one volume. 1892. A Comparison Atlas. 1892. History of the Great Civil War, 16429. 3 vols. 188691. 4 vols. 1893. History of the Commonwealth and Protectorate, 164960. 3 vols. (Vol. III. to 1656.) 18941901. Cromwells Place in History. (Founded on Ford Lectures.) 1896. What Gunpowder Plot was. 1897. Oliver Cromwell. With illustrations. 1899. Text only. 1901.
For a complete bibliography of works and contributions, see Shaw, W. A., Bibliography of the Historical Works of S. R. Gardiner and others (R. Hist. soc.), 1903.
Gilbert, Sir John Thomas. Historical Essays on Ireland. Rptd. from The Irish Quarterly Review. Dublin, 1851. History of the City of Dublin. 3 vols. Dublin, 185961. Celtic Records and Historic Literature of Ireland. 1861. Public Records of Ireland. Letters by an Irish Archivist. 18634. On the History, etc., of the Public Records of Ireland. 1865. History of the Viceroys of Ireland. Dublin, 1865. Historic and Municipal Documents of Ireland (11721320). 1870. Facsimiles of National MSS. of Ireland. 3 pts. 187480. Contemporary History of Affairs in Ireland (164152). 3 vols. in 6. 187980. History of the Irish Confederation and the War in Ireland, 16419. 7 vols. Dublin, 188291. Chartularies of St. Marys Abbey, Dublin. 2 vols. 18845. Calendar of Ancient Records of Dublin. (Ed.) 7 vols. Dublin, 18891897.
Gilbert, Lady. Life of Sir J. T. Gilbert. 1905.
Grant Duff, James (17891858). History of the Mahrattas. 3 vols. 1826.
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Goldwin Smith: his life and opinions. By his Literary Executor. To which is appended U. S. Notes, being Goldwin Smiths Journal during his first visit to America in 1864. n.d. A Selection from Goldwin Smiths Correspondence, comprising chiefly Letters to and from his English friends written between 1846 and 1910. Collected by Haultain, A. n.d. [Mr. H. is preparing an edn. in 10 vols. of G. S.s chief pamphlets and publications now out of print.]
Smyth, William (17651849). English Lyrics. 1797, and later edns. 5th edn., with autobiography and memoir by his Brother. 1850. Lectures on Modern History, from the irruption of the Northern Nations to the close of the American Revolution. 2 vols. 1840, and later edns. Lectures on History. 2nd and concluding series: On the French Revolution. 3 vols. Cambridge, 1840, and later edns. Memoir of Sheridan. Privately ptd. 1840.
Somerville, Thomas (17411830). History of Great Britain during the reign of Queen Anne. 1788. My own Life and Times. Ed. Lee, W. Edinburgh, 1861.
Stanhope, Philip Henry, fifth earl. The Life of Belisarius. 1829. 2nd edn. 1848. The History of the War of Succession in Spain, 17021714. 1832. The History of England from the Peace of Utrecht to the Peace of Versailles, 171383. 7 vols. 183654. (The sections relating to India were published separately as The Rise of our India Empire, 1858.) Spain under Charles II. extracts from correspondence of A. Stanhope, 16901700. Ed. Lord Mahon. 1840. Essai sur la vie du Grand Condé. Privately ptd. 1845. English tr. 1845. Historical Essays. 1849. Joan of Arc. 1853. Memoirs of Sir Robert Peel. Ed. Lord Cardwell and Earl S. 2 vols. 18567. Notes of Conversations with the Duke of Wellington, 183151. 1858. The Life of William Pitt, with extracts from his unpublished correspondence and manuscript papers. 4 vols. 18612, and later edns. French tr. 1863. Italian tr. 1863. Miscellanies. Collected and ed. 2 series. 186372. The History of England comprising the reign of Anne until the Peace of Utrecht, 170113. 1870. 4th edn. 2 vols. 1872. The French Retreat from Moscow, and other Historical Essays. 1876. (For the titles of other collections edited by S. see D. of N. B., vol. LIV, 1898.)
Stephen, Sir James Fitzjames. The Story of Nuncomar and the Impeachment of Sir Elijah Imprey. 2 vols. 1885.
Stephen, Sir L. Life of Sir James Fitzjames Stephen. 1895.
Stevenson, Joseph (18061895). Ed.: The Church Historians of England. Parts vols. IIV. 18536. Documents illustr. of Wars of the English in France. (Rolls series.) 2 vols. in 3. 18614. Documents illustr. of history of Scotland, 12861306. (Scottish Record publ.) 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1870. Marie Stuart: the first 18 years of her life. Edinburgh, 1886.
Stirling-Maxwell, Sir William, bart. The Cloister Life of the Emperor Charles V. 1852. Don John of Austria. 2 vols. 1883. Works. 6 vols. 1891.
Strutt, Joseph (17491802). Chronicle of England. 17778. Dresses and Habits of the English People. 17969. Sports and Pastimes of the People of England. 1801.
Stubbs, William, bp. of Oxford. Registrum Sacrum Anglicanum: Course of Episcopal Succession in England. Oxford, 1888. 2nd edn. 1897. Chronicles and Memorials of the Reign of Richard I. (Rolls series.) 18645. The Councils and Ecclesiastical Documents of Great Britain and Ireland. Ed. by Haddan, A. W. and S. 3 vols. 186978. Select Charters and other illustrations of English Constitutional History to the reign of Edward I. 1870, and other edns. The Constitutional History of England. 3 vols. 18738, and later edns. French tr., with notes by Petit Du Taillis, C. Parts I and II. Tr. into English by Rhodes, W. C. Manchester, 190814. The Early Plantagenets. 1876. Chronicles of the Reigns of Edward I and Edward II. (Rolls series). 2 vols. 18823. Seventeen Lectures on the Study of Medieval and Modern History. 1886, and later edns.
Hutton, W. H. The Letters of William Stubbs, Bp. of Oxford. (Contains full bibliography of works written or ed. by S.) 1904.
See, also, Shaw, W. A., Bibliography of the Historical Works of Bp. Creighton, Bp. Stubbs, etc. (R. Hist. soc.), 1903.
Symonds, John Addington. See bibliography to Chap. III, post.
Thorpe, Benjamin. See bibliography to Vol. XII, Chap. XV, ante.
Turner, Sharon. A Vindication of the genuineness of the Antient British Poems of Aneurin, Taliesin, etc. 1803. The History of England. 12 vols. 1839. The works published collectively under this title appeared in the following order: The history of the Anglo-Saxons, from the earliest period to the Norman Conquest. 4 vols. 17901805. 7th edn., revised by the authors son. 3 vols. 1852. The History of England from the Norman Conquest to 1500. 3 vols. 181423, and later edns. The History of the Reign of Henry VIII, comprising the political history of the commencement of the English Reformation. 2 vols. 1826, and later edns. The History of the Reigns of Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth. 2 vols. 1829. The Sacred History of the World as displayed in the Creation and subsequent events to the Deluge, attempted to be philosophically considered in a series of Letters to a Son. 3 vols. 1832, and many later edns.
Tytler, Patrick Fraser. The Life of the Admirable Crichton of Cluny. Edinburgh, 1819. The Life and Writings of Sir Thomas Craig. Edinburgh, 1823. The Life of Wicliff. 1826. The History of Scotland (18491603). 9 vols. and Index. Edinburgh, 182850. Lives of Scottish Worthies. (The Family Library.) 3 vols. 18313. The Life of Sir Walter Raleigh. Edinburgh, 1833. The Life of Henry VIII. Ib. 1837. England under the Reign of Edward VI and Mary. 2 vols. 1839. Art. Scotland, in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 7th edn., 1839, and rptd. in several later edns.
Walpole, Sir Spencer. History of England from the conclusion of the great War in 1815. 5 vols. 18781886. The Life of Lord John Russell. 2 vols. 1889. The History of Twenty-five years (18561880). Vols. III, 1904. Vols. IIIIV, supervised by Lyall, Sir A. C. 1908. Studies in Biography. 1907. Essays political and biographical. Ed. Holland, F., with Memoir by Sir S. W.s daughter, Mrs. F. Holland. 1908.
Wilkins, William Henry (18601905). The Love of an Uncrowned Queen (Sophie Dorothea). 2 vols. 1900. Life of Isabel, Lady Burton. 1897.
Wilson, Horace Hayman. See Mill, James, ante.
Wylie, James Hamilton. History of England under Henry IV. 4 vols. 188498. The Council of Constance to the Death of John Hus. 1900. The Reign of Henry V. Vol. 1. 1914. [Vols. IIIV in course of publication.]
Historical Societies in Great Britain
(See Prothero, G. W., address under the above title; rptd. from Annual Report of the American Historical association for 1909, pp. 229242, Washington, 1911.) British Record society, The. Founded, 1889. (Calendars, indexes and records.)
Camden society, The, amalgamated with the R. H. S. in 1897, had existed since 1837. Publications. First series. 105 vols. 183872. New series. 57 vols. 187197.
English Historical society. The. Founded, 1838; dissolved in 1856. Issued 16 volumes of publications (including Kembles Codex Diplomaticus Aevi Saxonici).
Historical association, The. Founded, 1906. Its quarterly journal is History. New Series. 1916. In progress.
Index society, The. Founded, 1887; now amalgamated with the British Record Society.
Royal Historical society, The. Founded, 1868; royal charter, 1887. Transactions. 10 vols. New series. 20 vols. 18731912. Publications. 22 vols. 18981912.
Scottish History society, The. Founded, 1885. Publications (1st and 2nd series). 65 vols. Edinburgh, 18871913.
Antiquarian and archaeological societies are not enumerated here, nor local historical and archaeological societies. As to these, see ante, vol. XII, pp. 5067.
The Hakluyt society (geographical voyages and travels) was founded in 1846; the Harleian (genealogy and family history) in 1869; the Jewish Historical society in 1892. The Selden society (history of law) came into existence in 1886; the Navy Records society in 1890. For the publications of these societies see Catalogue of the London Library. 2 vols. 1913.
English Historical Review, The, vols. IXXX, 18861915, was edited in succession by Creighton, M., 188691; Gardiner, S. R., 18911901; Poole, R. L., from 1901. Its establishment was followed by that of
Scottish Historical Review, The; being a new series of The Scottish Antiquary. Vols. IXII. Glasgow, 19041915.
Albemarle, George Thomas Keppel, sixth earl of (17991891). Fifty Years of my Life. 2 vols. 1876.
Atlay, James Beresford (18601913). The Victorian Chancellors (from Lyndhurst to Herschell). Vols. I and II. 19068.
Ball, Sir Robert Stawell (18401914). Reminiscences and Letters of. Ed. by his son, Valentine Ball. 1915.
Bonner, Hypatia Bradlaugh (18331891). Charles Bradlaughhis life and work, with an account of his parliamentary struggle etc., by Robertson, J. M. 2 vols. 1894.
Boyle, George David (dean of Salisbury) (18281901). Recollections. 1895.
Butler, Arthur James (18441910). Dante, his Times and his Work. 1885.
Josephine E. (18281906). Memoir of John Grey of Dilston. Edinburgh, 1869. Life of St. Catherine of Siena. 1902.
Campbell, John, first lord Campbell. The Lives of the Lord Chancellors and Keepers of the Great Seal of England from the earliest times till the reign of George IV. in three series, 7 vols. 18467. 4th edn., 10 vols. 18567. The Lives of the Chief Justices of England from the Norman Conquest till the death of Lord Mansfield. 3 vols. 1849 and 1857. Lives of Lord Lyndhurst and Lord Brougham. 1869. (Vol. VIII of the Chancellors.)
St. Leonards, Lord. Misrepresentations in [the above] corrected. 1869.
Christie, Richard Copley. Étienne Dolet, a biography. French tr. 1880. Selected essays and papers. Ed., with memoir, by Shaw, W. A. 1902.
Christie, William Dougal. Memoirs, Letters and Speeches of Shaftesbury, etc. Ed. 1859. The Poetical Works of Dryden. Ed. (Globe edn.) 1870. A Life of the First Earl of Shaftesbury. 2 vols. 1871. Letters to Sir Joseph Williamson, etc. Ed. (Camden soc.) 2 vols. 1874.
Church, Richard William. See bibliography to Vol. XII, Chap. XII, ante.
Cockburn, Henry, lord. The Life of Lord Jeffrey. 2 vols. Edinburgh, 1852.
Memorials of his Time. 1856. New edn., with introd. by Cockburn, H. A. 1909.
Colchester, Charles Abbot, first lord (17571829). Diary and Correspondence. 3 vols. 1861. [Speaker from 1802 to 1816.]
Coxe, William, archdeacon of Wilts. Travels into Poland, Russia, Sweden, and Denmark. 3 vols. 1784. French tr., 1786 and 1791. Travels in Switzerland. 3 vols. 1789. 4th edn., with Historical Sketch, and Notes on the late Revolution. 1801. Edition of Gays Fables, with Life of Gay. 1796. Memoirs of the Life, etc. of Sir Robert Walpole. 3 vols. 1798. 4 vols. 1816. History of the House of Austria, 12181792. 3 pts. 2 vols. 1807, etc. (Continued by Count Hartig, tr. by Kelly, W. K. 1853.) Memoirs of the Kings of Spain of the House of Bourbon, 17001788. 2 vols. 1813. Memoirs of the Duke of Marlborough, with his original correspondence. 3 vols. 181819. 6 vols. 1820. New edn., revised by Wade, J. 18478, and later edns. Memoirs of Horatio, Lord Walpole, 1802. 2 vols. 1820. Private and Original Correspondence of Charles Talbot, Duke of Shrewsbury. Ed. 1821. Memoirs of the Administration of Henry Pelham. 2 vols. 1829.
Creevey, Thomas. The Creevey Papers: a Selection from the Correspondence and Diaries of the late T. C. Ed. Maxwell, Sir H. 2 vols. 1904. Letters on Reform. 1826.
Croker, John Wilson. See bibliography to Vol. XII, Chap. VI, ante.
Darwin, Charles Robert (18091882). The Life and Letters of, an autobiographical chapter. Ed. Darwin, (Sir) Francis. 3 vols. 1887. Abridged edn. 1902.
Dawson, W. J. and C. W. The Great English Letter-writers. 2 vols. 1909.
Dixon, William Hepworth (18211879). The Life of Admiral Blake. 1852. The History of Two Queens (Catharine of Aragon and Anne Boleyn). 4 vols. 18734. William Penn, a historical biography, with chapters on the Macaulay charges. 1856. The Personal History of Bacon. 1861.
Dolling, Robert William Radclyffe (18511902). Ten years in a Portsmouth slum. 1896.
Osborne, Charles E. The Life of Father Dolling. 1903.
Doyle, James E. (18221892). The Official Baronage of England. 3 vols. 1886.
Dundonald, Thomas Cochrane, tenth earl of. Autobiography of a Seaman. 2 vols. 1860.
Ellenborough, Edward Law, first earl of (17901871). History of the Indian administration of, in his correspondence with Wellington. Ed. Colchester, Lord. 1874. A Political Diary, 18281830. Ed. Colchester, Lord. 2 vols. 1881. [This covers only the earliest years of E.s official career.]
Forster, John. A Few Thoughts in vindication of the Stage. 1827. Charles at Tonbridge, or the Cavalier of Wildenhurst. A Play. 1828. The Statesmen of the Commonwealth. 5 vols. 1840. The Life and Adventures of Oliver Goldsmith. 1848. Enlarged as The Life and Times of Oliver Goldsmith. 2 vols. 1854. Historical and Biographical Essays. 2 vols. 1858. (Contains The Debates on the Grand Remonstrance, enlarged, 1860; The Plantagenets and the Tudors, enlarged as an introductory essay to the above; essays on Churchill, Defoe, Foote and Steele.) The Arrest of the Five Members by Charles I. 1860. The Lives of Daniel Defoe and Charles Churchill. (The Travellers Library.) 1862. The Life of Sir John Eliot. 2 vols. 1864. The Life of Walter Savage Landor. 2 vols. 1869. The Life of Charles Dickens. 3 vols. 18724. The Life of Jonathan Swift. Vol. 1. 1875. [Completed by Craik, Sir Henry.]
Renton, R. John Forster and his Friendships. 1912.
Fox, Caroline (18191871). Memories of Old Friends. Ed. Pym, H. N. 1882.
Fox, Charles James. Memorials and Correspondence of C. J. F. Ed. by Lord John [Earl] Russell. 3 vols. 1853. [The materials for this had been collected by the third Lord Holland.]
Gillies, Robert Pearce (17881858). Memoirs of a Literary Veteran. 3 vols. 1851.
Granger, James (17231776). Biographical History of England. 2 vols. and Suppl. 176974. 3rd edn. 4 vols. 1779. Continued by Noble, Mark. 3 vols. 1806.
Grant, Mrs. Ann, of Laggan (17851838). Letters from the Mountains. 3 vols. 1806. Memoirs and Correspondence. Ed. Grant, J. P. 3 vols. 1844.
Grant Duff, Sir Mountstuart Elphinstone (18291906). Notes from a Diary (185172). 2 vols. 1897. Continued in successive sets of 2 vols., 1898, 1899, 1900, 1901, 1904 and 1905. (The last volume reaches the accession of King Edward VII, 23 January, 1901.) Studies of European Politics. 1866. A Political Survey. 1868. Elgin Speeches. Edinburgh, 1871. Notes on an Indian Journey. 1876. Miscellanies, Political and Literary. 1878. Memoir of Sir Henry Maine. 1892. Ernest Renan. 1893. Memoir of Lord de Tabley. 1899. Out of the Past: some Biographical Essays. 2 vols. 1903.
Green (born Wood), Mary Ann Everett. Letters of Royal and Illustrious Ladies of Great Britain from 1100 to the close of the reign of Mary. 3 vols. 1846. Lives of the Princesses of England from the Conquest. 6 vols. 184955. Elizabeth, Electress Palatine and Queen of Bohemia. New edn., revised by Lomas, S. C. 1909. Life and Letters of Henrietta Maria. 1857. Calendars of State Papers (Domestic series) of the reigns of Elizabeth (vols. IIIVIII and XII); James I (4 vols.); Charles I (vols. I, VII); Commonwealth (13 vols.); Charles II (vol. 1); Committees for Advance of Money and for Compounding with Delinquents. 185795.
Greville, Charles C. F. The Greville Memoirs. A Journal of the Reign of King George IV and King William IV. Ed. Reeve, H. 3 vols. 1874. A Journal of the Reign of Queen Victoria from 1837 to 1852. 3 vols. 1885. A Journal of the same, from 1852 to 1860. 2 vols. 1887. The Past and Present Policy of England towards Ireland. 1845.
Hare, Augustus J. C. (18341893). Memorials of a quiet life (Maria Hare). 3 vols. 18726. The Story of my Life. 6 vols. 18961900. The Story of Two Noble Lives (Lady Canning and Lady Waterford). 3 vols. 1893.
Hayward, Abraham (18011884). See bibliography to Chap. III, post.
Helps, Sir Arthur (18131875). The Conquerors of the New World and their bondsmen: the events which led to negro slavery. 2 vols. 1848. The Spanish Conquest in America, and its relation to the history of slavery, etc. 4 vols. 185561. Portions of these two works were reissued under the following titles: Life of Las Casas, The Apostle of the Indians, 1868; of Columbus, 1869; of Pizarro, 1869; and of Hernando Cortes, 1871. The Life and Labours of Mr. Brassey. 1872. See, also, bibliography to Chap. III, post.
Hill, George Birkbeck Norman (18351903). Dr. Johnson: his Friends and his Critics. 1878. Life of Sir Rowland Hill. 2 vols. 1880. Gordon in Central Africa. 1880. Boswells Life of Johnson. Ed. 6 vols. 1887. Johnsons Letters. 2 vols. 1892. Johnsonian Miscellanies. 2 vols. 1897. Johnsons Lives of the English Poets. Ed. 3 vols. 1905.
Letters of George Birkbeck Hill. Arranged by Mrs. L. Crump. 1906.
Hole, Samuel Reynolds (dean of Rochester). A-Little Tour in Ireland. Ill. by Leach, John. 1859. A Book about Roses. 1869, and many later edns. The Memories of Dean Hole. 1892. More Memories: thoughts about England spoken in America. 1894.
Holland, Henry Richard Vassal Fox, third lord (17731840). Foreign Reminiscences. Ed. by his son. 1850. French tr. [Bitterly attacked for its depreciation of Metternich and others.] Memoirs of the Whig Party during my Time. Ed. by his son. 2 vols. 18524. Further Memoirs of the Whig Party. 180721. Ed. Staverdale, Lord. 1905.
Hook, Walter Farquhar, dean of Chichester (17981895).


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By Xola Potelwa
JOHANNESBURG (Reuters) - Nelson Mandela, South Africa's 94-year-old former president, is "looking much better" after being treated for a lung infection and gallstones, but will remain in hospital for the time being, the government said on Tuesday.
The country's first black president was admitted to a Pretoria hospital on December 8 after being flown from his home village of Qunu in a remote part of the Eastern Cape province.
He was treated initially for a recurrent lung infection and then had a successful procedure to have gallstones removed.
Mandela, who came to power in historic elections in 1994 after decades struggling against apartheid, remains a symbol of resistance to racism and injustice at home and around the world.
Presidency spokesman Mac Maharaj said he had visited Mandela on Tuesday. "He is looking much better," he said in a statement, adding that the Nobel Peace laureate had spoken to him.
Doctors were satisfied with his progress, Maharaj said.
"They say there is no crisis, but add that they are in no hurry to send him home just yet."
Maharaj said that, given his advanced age, Mandela needed "extraordinary care". "If he spends more days in hospital, it is because that necessary care is being provided," he added.
He said Mandela would remain in hospital until doctors were "satisfied that he has made sufficient progress".
Reporting their conversation, Maharaj said Mandela asked him: "'Mac, what are you doing here?"
"I asked him not to give doctors any trouble," he added.
Mandela spent 27 years in apartheid prisons, including 18 years on the windswept Robben Island off Cape Town.
He was released in 1990 and went on to use his prestige to push for reconciliation between whites and blacks as the bedrock of the post-apartheid "Rainbow Nation".
He stepped down in 1999 after one term in office and has been largely removed from public life for the last decade.
Mandela spent time in a Johannesburg hospital in 2011 with a respiratory condition, and again in February this year because of abdominal pains. He was released the following day after a keyhole examination showed there was nothing serious.
He has since spent most of his time in Qunu.
His fragile health prevents him from making any public appearances in South Africa, although he has continued to receive high-profile domestic and international visitors, including former U.S. president Bill Clinton in July.
(Reporting By Xola Potelwa; Writing by Pascal Fletcher; Editing by Stephen Powell)


text: I'm wondering if anyone has the font Anaxiphorminx on their system in .ttf and would be willing to share it. I have searched all over and cannot find a download site. The font's original online home is no longer functioning. If you know of an alternative root for getting it online or can send it to me via e-mail, I'd appreciate it. Just let me know beforehand.


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Hempstead, NY - For the third straight year the women's soccer program has captured the Former Athlete Participation Challenge and won a $5,000 prize for their team. The program saw a remarkable 72% of their alumnae make a gift.
"I am really proud of our alumnae," said Head Women's Soccer Coach Simon Riddiough. "To have this kind of support from our former athletes is great. This demonstrates that our alumnae care about the future of our team and I am glad that nearly all of them stepped up to give back to our program."
The Challenge featured two new winners for the Increase Competition and the Young Alumni competition. Baseball captured the Increase Competition and women's golf won the Young Alumni Competition, both earning prizes of $2,500.
This past season, the baseball program started their winning ways by setting a school record for wins. First year Head Coach John Russo carried this momentum into the fundraising arm increasing the number of baseball alumni giving by 17% and winning the Increase Competition.
"I would just like to take a moment, on behalf of myself and the entire team, and thank everyone for the tremendous support this season," Russo said. "You have no idea how much it meant to myself and the team to know that you are supporting us."
In the newly formed Young Alumni Competition women's golf captured the top spot, hanging on in the last week to defeat softball and volleyball. Led by a young alumnus, Maren Crowley '08, the former women's golfers had 29% of their alumni from the last 10 years make a gift.
"The support of our Alumnae is great," said Coach Crowley. "Having them start giving now, especially considering how young our program is, will form a solid foundation for the future of our program."
In all, more than 540 former athletes made a contribution to support today's Hofstra student-athletes. To join the Pride Club and make a difference please click here.
For more information on the Former Athlete Participation Challenge, please see below.
Final Participation Competition
1. Women's Soccer - 864 points -$5,000 first place prize
2. Men's Lacrosse - 180 points
3. Baseball - 177 points
4. Softball - 171 points
5. Women's Lacrosse - 166 points
Final Increase Competition
1. Baseball - $2,500 first place prize
2. Golf
3. Field Hockey
4. Women's Tennis
5. Wrestling
Final Young Alumni Competition
1. Women's Golf - $2,500 first place prize
2. Softball - $1,500 second place prize
3. Volleyball - $1,000 third place prize
4. Men's Lacrosse
5. Women's Lacrosse
Information about the Challenge:
Participation Competition
Each Hofstra Athletics team recruits as many of their former athletes to join the Pride Club and give a gift of $25 or more. The team with the most points will win the competition and earn a $5,000 gift to their program.
How the Scoring Works: The percentage of alumni giving will be multiplied by 1000. Example: 100 former-athletes who have made a gift of $25 or more out of 500 former-athletes= .2x1000 = 200 points. As an added bonus an additional two points can be earned for each gift made online by a former athlete between now and May 31.
Increase Competition
The team with the greatest percentage increase of former athletes giving from last year to this year will win a $2,500 prize. Last year, Men's Lacrosse narrowly edged out Women's Lacrosse, winning by less than 1%, to capture the prize.
Young Alumni Competition
Each team will compete for the highest percentage of its own young alumni joining the Pride Club. A young alumnus is someone who graduated between 2002 and 2011. The team with the highest percentage will win $2,500, with second place receiving $1,500 and third place earning $1,000.
Giving information:
To make a gift online: Visit GoHofstra.com or https://www.hofstra.edu/athletics/ath_giving.cfm
To make a gift by phone: 516-463-1944
To make a gift by mail: Check payable to Hofstra University.
315 Mack Sports Complex, 245 Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY 11549


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Baz Luhrmann's The Great Gatsby has been a long time coming. Initially planned for a Christmas 2012 release, the flashy adaptation of F. Scott's Fitzgerald's most popular novel got bumped to the summer of 2013. Following a string of glitzy posters, and jazzy trailers, it has finally come to theaters. And the response from critics is decidedly mixed.
The film has an unimpressive 45% score on Rotten Tomatoes as we post this, with some critics calling it "a failure" and others proclaiming it "a grand love story." Here at Cinema Blend, we were divided too. Katey enjoyed the movie enough to give it three stars in her review, and Sean praised in particular Leonardo DiCaprio's turn as the mysterious Mr. Gatsby. Kristy on the other hand openly admits to hating the movie, declaring DiCaprio miscast and determining this Gatsby should be known as "Glitterbomb: The Movie."
Stunned by their deeply contrary opinions, Kristy and Sean entered our Great Debate arena to hash out how they came to such different conclusions over DiCaprio's Gatsby. Be warned, the following discusses many plot points of The Great Gatsby. So, SPOILERS AHEAD, old sport.
Sean: Kristy, I was a little surprised by how varied our opinions were when it comes to The Great Gatsby. Not that we aren't allowed to have differing opinions ... particularly about a project that's ending up being as divisive as Luhrmann's Gatsby adaptation ends up being. But I'm shocked that you don't agree Leonardo DiCaprio is/was perfectly cast as J. Gatsby. To me, he's the main reason why the film works as well as it does.
Kristy: Yeah, he's the main reason I think it doesn't work. I was shocked you liked him. Personally, I thought he was totally miscast and made a fool out of one of my favorite literary figures. I'm curious what worked for you about his performance.
Sean: In short, everything. But I'll try to elaborate. First, I think that you need an actor of DiCaprio's "celebrity" to instantly sell that mystique Gatsby brings to the opening of the story. This is supposed to be one of the most revered, awe-inspiring, mysterious men of the time. No offense to excellent character actors like, say, Sam Rockwell or Paul Giamatti, but they wouldn't fit the bill in a way DiCaprio automatically does just by showing up.
And I feared that's all he was going to do. Show up. But when we arrived at the scene where Gatsby was going to meet Daisy for the first time, I thought DiCaprio did an outstanding job of slowly, gradually and even painfully allowing Gatsby's insecurities to creep forward. The showiness of the visual set up of decorating the cottage was classic. His attempts to pose while waiting for her ... then running and hiding in the rain. All of those decisions were smart in showing us how uncomfortable Gatsby is/was in his own skin, and I thought Leo handled that well.
The scene, also, where Gatsby is draping Daisy with his wealth ... throwing the shirts down on her ... that struck me as very odd in the trailer. But I thought it played VERY well in the feature. Here is a man who lost this woman because he was penniless. Now that she's back in his life, if even for a moment, he's going to convince her to stay by showing her -- in an extravagant and obnoxious manner -- how wealthy he has become. I found it heartbreaking.


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Recent Articles
Article: Let it Sano, Let it Sano, Let it Sano!
Posted 07 November 2012 - 06:20 PM
Posted 07 November 2012 - 06:22 PM
Posted 07 November 2012 - 06:38 PM
Posted 07 November 2012 - 07:04 PM
Posted 07 November 2012 - 07:05 PM
Posted 07 November 2012 - 07:21 PM
Posted 07 November 2012 - 07:43 PM
The other approach is that players are ONLY in the minors to get them ready to help out the MLB team.
I didnt comlain too much last yr on Sano AS I compare him to Miguel Cabrera, who was called up in July of his 20th bday season (next yr for Sano). Miguel did a half year at High A/half at AA, so next year is where I am gonna be critical of MN on the promotions (of course IF Sano deserves it).
Posted 07 November 2012 - 07:51 PM
Here's the thing. When the Twins have a prospect who deserves to be promoted quickly (Mauer, Kubel), they promote them quickly. I believe Sano may very well be a super prospect, but he had struggles at times last year. His numbers really never screamed Promote Me. I suspect that he begins at Fort Myers next spring. If he dominates, he goes to AA. If he dominates there, he goes to AAA. More likely he moves slower than that, because they won't want to give him more than he can handle.
Most times prospects dictate where they play by how they play.
Posted 07 November 2012 - 07:57 PM
Posted 07 November 2012 - 08:01 PM
Posted 07 November 2012 - 08:03 PM
1) Harper is as equally advanced in the field as he is at the plate. Sano if promoted too quickly now, would end up being a career DH. He needs a chance to advance as a fielder. It will only hurt him in the long run to slot him into a DH only position.
2) Harper grew up in the US and speaks english. As much as learning the game, Sano has had to learn about life in the US and adjust what a ballplayers life is like away from the diamond. We would be setting him up for failure to stick him on a huge stage before he has the maturity to deal with it.
3) Sano has specific things to work on even at the low A level in terms of both field and hitting. You can learn from success and failure. He is seeing both at his current level in the organization.
Would I like to see him play at Hi-A to start next year and finish the season at AA? sure, but he will need to earn it by cutting down on his strikeouts and improving his fielding.
Posted 07 November 2012 - 08:07 PM
Posted 07 November 2012 - 08:22 PM
Delmon is a decent comparison for Sano, but Delmon was pushed through the minors quickly like Harper. Delmon played in AAA at age 19. Sano just finished low-A ball at 19. So that isnt a fair comparison either.
Maybe not, but that is certainly the risk of rushing someone too quickly. Guys like Griffey Jr, Harper, Trout, Cabrera, they are the RARE exceptions. Trout and Harper didn't strikeout nearly as much as Sano did. They were all terrific defensively.
I'm not at all ready to say the Twins are moving Sano too slowly. He put up very good power numbers in Low A (and was still a good 2 years younger than the average player there), but he struggled with the defensive side of the game, and he struggled making contact at times, he had a couple of pretty big slumps. And, there have always been maturity questions about Sano (which I heard he greatly improved this year).
I see them moving him at the Mauer/Revere pace, which is incredibly quickly. But he's going to have to warrant that promotion next year.
Posted 07 November 2012 - 08:28 PM
Posted 07 November 2012 - 09:17 PM
Letting Sano develop in the low minors can only help his confidence and help enhance his tools. I'd prefer to see prospects skip higher levels, rather than the lower levels. That is just my preference though.
Posted 07 November 2012 - 09:24 PM
I think his numbers were probably more a product of a guy who can absolutely punish mistakes, which are plentiful in Low-A. That said he seemed to have decent approach in that he knew he could wait to try and get in a good count and then hit straight ball. However, that approach will not play so well at higher levels.
Not to be entirely negative, I still think he has tons of potential and love that he's in our system and am very excited about him. But from my view, he didn't really look like a guy that should be on an highly accelerated timeline, especially with the lack of defensive value.
Posted 07 November 2012 - 09:30 PM
This isn't even a critique of his skills, just where he was in his development before the season. He'll work out those issues as he ages and develops.
Posted 07 November 2012 - 09:41 PM
Posted 07 November 2012 - 09:49 PM
I also completely agree with the point that Sano was also in need some time to adapt to life in America/speaking a new language. One of his biggest concerns about playing in Wisconsin this past year was that it is such a radically cold climate compared to anything he has ever known!! That isn't a lifestyle/life decision I (or many people for that matter) will ever be able to appreciate or understand. I think that this point also has merit.
Posted 07 November 2012 - 09:50 PM
We will never know what type of impact Sano could have created in the Majors as a 19 yr-old like Harper or other uber-prospects. But, it definitely generates some conversation. And I would rather side with those that think pushing a top-prospect up quickly is in everyone's best interest, than side with those that want to save on MLB service time and all that yuck yuck. As a teacher, you push kids into their "zone of proximal development." And Sano has not been challenged or in his "zone" by any means. He has been a jewel in a league full of rocks the last two years.
Nice zone of proximal development self. I agree 100 % with the argument. No reason to rush him when his defense needs so much work and he still strikes out at a very high rate.
Just to throw some more teaching jargon out there for you...bringing Sano up at a slow pace may be the "least restrictive environment," but also may trigger a "looking glass self" as he performs to level he is at. If he were to be put into a situation where he is facing better compition, who is to say he doesn't step up the the plate (baseball cliche)?


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So we get more attribute merits this update. Thus far I've put virtually all of them into STR being a Mithra character.
But as a COR main with a bit of RNG on the side, I was wondering if its not worthwhile to start putting some into AGI.
1) STR does nothing for Wildfire or QD, two of our most potent damaging abilities
2) AGI is a major modifier for Wildfire
3) AGI helps QD acc
4) AGI also improves ranged acc and improves subtle blow
5) Last Stand, which appears to be an improvement over slug at 5/5, has 100% AGI modifier
So is it time to boost the MIthra advantage even further, or does the fSTR on ranged attacks and physical weapon skills still make STR a worthy investment?


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Around The Blogosphere: December 21, 2010Posted by nvr1983 on December 21st, 2010
If you are interested in participating in our ATB2 feature, send in your submissions to email@example.com. We will add to this post throughout the day as the submissions come in so keep on sending them.
Top 25 Games
#4 Syracuse 97, Morgan State 55: "Sure, the way this game went you'd pretty much be disappointed if Southerland hadn't set a career-high with eighteen points (12 of which were on three-pointers). Still, couple that with his five rebounds and you'd be remiss not to appreciate what Southerland did during his audition for a spot in the Big East rotation in 12-0 Syracuse's 97-55 romp over Morgan State (4-5)." (Troy Nunes is an Absolute Magician)
Pre-Game Analysis
- Preview: UNC-Ashville at #2 Ohio State: "Fresh off a 79-57 stomping of South Carolina behind 30 points and 19 boards from Jared "Big Ten Freshman of the Week" Sullinger, the Buckeyes welcome UNC-Asheville to the Schott for the third time since 2008, beginning a stretch of three games in seven days to finish up the non-conference slate." (Eleven Warriors)
- Know Your Braggin' Rights Rival: Illinois: "Braggin' Rights is upon us once again, though both teams stumble into St. Louis a bit. Illinois fell into a small funk that culminated in a shocking loss to Illinois-Chicago on Saturday; meanwhile, Mizzou was playing much, much better but has to deal with more adversity, this time in the form of an injury to Phil Pressey. Illinois is a thin team anyway, and it appears Mizzou will continue to play with a shorter bench than Mike Anderson would prefer. Of course, Illinois was thin last year and Mizzou was dealing with injury (okay, illness) then too, and that turned out pretty well for Mizzou, right?" (Rock M Nation)
- Sizing Up the Bears: "The Jayhawks wrap up their Pac10 tour this week against the Golden Bears of California. The Bears are picked to be a middle of the pack team in their conference, behind three teams Kansas has already beat and the two Washington schools. That's not to say this game is going to be a cakewalk. All three games against the teams from out west this year have been far from smooth and the Jayhawks benefited from having two of those at home. This game comes at a time when Kansas seems to be struggling a bit and it is their first true road game of the season." (Rock Chalk Talk)
- UCLA v. MSU Preview: "Don't think it will ever happen again": "UCLA plays Montana State tonight at 7:30 Pacific.; All you local fans better go to the game as it will only be on Bank West (Jumbotron) Bruin TV. Montana State(MS) has lost four of their last five, with their only win in that span coming against Johnson and Wales a law firm NAIA school. Montana State has also not won on the road this year. So this game should be a cake walk right?" (Bruins Nation)
- Sleeping With The Enemy: The Tigers of Memphis: Putting the spotlight on the Memphis-Georgetown game. (Casual Hoya)


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Annual Check inPosted 11:48
Tue 27 October
by Kasey
Hi everybody- I'm really sorry for the extreme lack of updates. I still think about Lavelle a lot, but I kind of went through a lot of things over the past couple years, both good and bad. I addressed a lot of the bad in my post a good while ago, in the "State of the author address." I've been dealing with a lot of my feelings though, and I've changed a lot of things about my life, including addressing some other depression and anxiety issues, so I'm in a better place than I've probably ever been.
On the good side of things! I haven't just vanished into the ether in the past year or so though-- right now, I'm in the process of writing a game! It's called Hustle Cat, and it's a romance visual novel set in a cat cafe. It's been a really great time (and has a kickstarter right now! Ahem ahem.
It's funny to switch to a new format after working in another one for so long. I started reading the comic again for the first time in something like a year, and I still love the writing, the characters, and everything else, but the art looks about as frustrated as I felt making it, and I think stepping outside comics for a while helped me identify that. I really want to continue Lavelle, but I'm actually no longer sure if comics is the right medium for it, and I suppose I'm sort of using this as a sounding board to consider some other options. Would illustrated prose work? Maybe episodic kinetic novels for each chapter? It's a lot to think about how to approach it! I love the idea of using multimedia to tell a story, and maybe that's something I can explore here too. Honestly, the whole thing is probably too long to finish at the rate I've been working on it anyway, so something's gotta change, right?
But anyway, I just want to let you all know, if you're still hanging in there, that I think you're all wonderful, and thank you so, so much for reading my work. If you're getting even something little out of it, that's all I could ask for. I want to come back to you all, and I'm going to work toward that!comments powered by Disqus