text:
Carcharhinus obscurus
|Scope: Global
Language: English
|Scientific Name:
|Carcharhinus obscurus (Lesueur, 1818)
|Infra-specific Taxa Assessed:
|Regional Assessments:
Common Name(s):
Carcharhinus obscurella Deng, Xiong & Zhan, 1981
Carcharias macrurus Ramsay & Ogilby, 1887
Eulamia obscura (Lesueur, 1818)
Galeolamna eblis Whitley, 1944
Galeolamna greyi Owen, 1853
Galeolamna macrurus (Ramsay & Ogilby, 1887)
Prionodon obvelatus Valenciennes, 1844
Squalus obscurus Lesueur, 1818
|Taxonomic Source(s):
|Compagno, L.J.V. 1973. Carcharhinidae. In: J.-C. Hureau and T. Monod (eds), Check-list of the fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and of the Mediterranean (CLOFNAM). Volume 1, pp. 23-31. Unesco, Paris.
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Vulnerable A2bd ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
Needs updating
|Musick, J.A., Grubbs, R.D., Baum, J. & Cortés, E.
|Stevens, J.D., Dudley, S.D. Pollard, D. & Soldo, A. (Shark Red List Authority)
The Dusky Shark (Carcharhinus obscurus) is a large wide-ranging coastal and pelagic warm water species, which is among the slowest-growing, latest-maturing of known sharks, bearing small litters after a long gestation period. Its very low intrinsic rate of increase renders this species among the most vulnerable of vertebrates (including the great whales and sea turtles) to depletion by fisheries. Unfortunately the dusky shark is difficult to manage or protect because it is taken with other more productive sharks in mixed species fisheries, and has a high mortality rate when taken as bycatch. This species' fins are highly valued. Time series data are available from the Northwest and Western Central Atlantic, where catch rates have declined. Management requiring all individuals captured in the US longline fishery to be released was introduced in 2000, however, while this may have led to an increase in the numbers of juvenile sharks, adults still appear to be declining. A recent stock assessment of the fishery off southwestern Australia estimated that CPUE of this species declined by >75% from the early 1970s-2004. Additional management measures were then introduced to this fishery in 2006. Given the very high intrinsic vulnerability of this species to depletion, significant estimated declines in several areas of its range and inferred declines in highly fished areas from which data are not available, C. obscurus is assessed as Vulnerable globally.
Northwest and Western Central Atlantic
The initial decline in C. obscurus in this area was caused by a targeted recreational fishery that developed in the late-1970s and by bycatch in the pelagic swordfish longline fishery. This was followed by rapid expansion on the US directed commercial shark fishery in the late 1980s. The species was protected in US Atlantic waters in 2000 as a result of declines in abundance. Although this management action may have led to an increase in the numbers of juvenile Dusky Sharks, adults still appear to be declining. A stock assessment which analysed catch data and multiple fisheries-independent and fisheries-dependent time series data sets led to estimated declines in dusky shark abundance of 62-92% between 1974 and 2003. Other analyses based on long term survey data from off North Carolina, observer data from the US Atlantic pelagic longline fishery and data from US pelagic longline research surveys and observer data from the Gulf of Mexico estimated declines of between 70 and 98.8% over periods of 13-40 years. Given the decline in abundance in this region, C. obscurus is assessed as Endangered in the Northwest and Western Central Atlantic.
Mediterranean Sea
The first record of the presence of this species in the Mediterranean was in 1928 off Spain, and since then, records from other areas (e.g., Sicily Straits) have been sporadic but possibly under-represented because of misidentification with similar "grey sharks" requiem sharks. It is caught sporadically in a variety of fishing gears, principally off North Africa, but also in the Sicilian Channel, and marketed. Significant population declines have been estimated in other large shark species in the Mediterranean Sea as a result of intensive coastal and pelagic fishing pressure. However, there is currently insufficient information on occurrences of this species there to make an assessment beyond Data Deficient in this region.
Southwest Atlantic
This species is taken both incidentally and as a target species in longline and intensive artisanal fisheries in the South Atlantic. A number of countries operate longline fleets targeting tuna and swordfish in the Southwest Atlantic. Sharks are now known to be targeted due to increasing demand for shark products and the high value of their fins. Significant declines have been estimated in other areas of this species' range for which population trend data are available. Given the species' highly restricted life-history characteristics and continued fishing pressure in this area, C. obscurus is considered to qualify for at least Near Threatened in the Southwest Atlantic and may be found to meet the criteria for Vulnerable A2bd.
This species occurs throughout Australian waters. A demersal gillnet fishery off southwestern Australia targets neonates of this species on their nursery grounds. This fishery developed in the 1940s and rapidly increased in the late 1970s to produce annual catches of 500-600 t. A recent stock assessment found that the stock was less productive than previously thought, and that mortality of older dusky sharks in wetline fisheries outside the target fisheries was leading to a decline in recruitment. This assessment also estimated that the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Dusky Sharks declined by more than 75% between the early 1970s and 2004 and that the decline was continuing. In 2006 additional management measures were introduced to the fishery, including a maximum size limit for dusky shark. These management measures should arrest further declines, but continued monitoring and assessment will be essential to monitor the stock, and the effectiveness of these measures. All this considered, the species is assessed as Near Threatened throughout Australian waters, close to meeting the criteria for Vulnerable A1bd. Continued monitoring and regular reassessment is recommended.
|Previously published Red List assessments:
|Range Description:
|The Dusky Shark has a cosmopolitan but patchy distribution in tropical and warm temperate seas (Last and Stevens 1994).
Western Atlantic: Southern Massachusetts and Georges Bank to Florida, Bahamas, Cuba, northern Gulf of Mexico, and Nicaragua, southern Brazil (Compagno in prep., Last and Stevens 1994).
Eastern Atlantic: This shark's distribution is uncertain in the northeast and eastern central Atlantic and these records, and others from tropical insular areas, may be misidentifications of C. galapagensis (J. Musick pers. comm.). It has been recorded from Canary and Cape Verde Islands, Senegal and Sierra Leone. Uncertain records exist from elsewhere, including Portugal, Spain, Morocco and Madeira (Compagno in prep., Last and Stevens 1994).
Mediterranean Sea: Most records are from the western and central-southern regions, along the North African coasts and Sicily Straits. It is likely that this species ranges further east in the Ionian Sea and Levantine Basin (Fergusson and Compagno 2000). Around 20 specimens have been recorded in the Mediterranean Sea to date: after Lozano Rey's first record for the Mediterranean (1928), Moreno (1982) cites three specimens from the Alboran Sea and Hemida and Labidi (2002) reported another three from eastern Algeria. A single Tunisian report is from Capapé et al. (1979) and similarly, one from Malta (Fergusson and Compagno 2000). At Mazara del Vallo, Sicily, a further three specimens were observed (Cigala-Fulgosi pers. comm. in Fergusson and Compagno 2000) and Vacchi and Serena (1997) observed one. A single specimen was caught at Capo Testa, Sardinia (Fergusson and Compagno 2000) and at least five were seen in Tripoli, Libya, by Trevor Meyer (pers. comm. 2002).
Indian Ocean: South Africa, Mozambique, Madagascar, and possibly in the Red Sea. Also, patchy records scattered in the Arabian Sea and recorded from the Andaman Islands in the Bay of Bengal (Compagno in prep., Last and Stevens 1994).
Western Pacific: Japan, China, Viet Nam, New Caledonia and throughout Australian waters (Compagno in prep., Last and Stevens 1994).
Eastern Pacific: Southern California to Gulf of California, Revillagigedo Islands, and possibly Chile (Compagno in prep., Last and Stevens 1994).
The Dusky Shark undertakes long temperature-related migrations. On both coasts of the U.S., Dusky Sharks migrate northward in summer as the waters warm and retreat southward in fall as water temperatures drop (Musick et al. 1993). In western Australia, adolescents and adults move inshore during the summer and fall, with neonates occupying separate inshore areas (Last and Stevens 1994). Seasonal migrations (north in winter and south in summer) also occur off South Africa (Bass et al. 1973). In the Indian Ocean, the young are known to aggregate in dense assemblages when feeding (Compagno 1984). Nursery areas occur in shallow waters (Compagno in prep.). Off Brazil, Mazzoleni (2000) suggested that there was possibly a nursery area in the north of Santa Catarina State, when 79 neonates were caught by the artisanal fishery from 1994 to 2000. Neonates were abundant in the end of summer to the middle of autumn (February-May). In the winter season virtually no specimens were caught. Nursery areas also occur off the southern coast of Natal, South Africa and off South Carolina, USA (Compagno in prep.).
|Countries occurrence:
Native:Algeria; Australia; Bahamas; Belize; Brazil; Cape Verde; China; Colombia; Costa Rica; Cuba; El Salvador; French Guiana; Guatemala; Guyana; Honduras; Italy (Italy (mainland), Sardegna); Japan; Libya; Madagascar; Mexico (Revillagigedo Is.); Mozambique; New Caledonia; Nicaragua; Panama; Senegal; Sierra Leone; South Africa; Suriname; United States (Alabama, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, Mississippi, New Jersey, North Carolina, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia); Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of; Viet Nam
|FAO Marine Fishing Areas:
Atlantic – northeast; Atlantic – eastern central; Atlantic – southwest; Atlantic – southeast; Atlantic – northwest; Atlantic – western central; Indian Ocean – eastern; Indian Ocean – western; Mediterranean and Black Sea; Pacific – western central; Pacific – eastern central; Pacific – northwest; Pacific – southwest; Pacific – southeast
|Additional data:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|This species is estimated to have undergone population decline in several areas of its range, as summarized in the threats section, below.
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|The majority of the information below is taken from Camhi et al. (2005).
This shark is coastal and pelagic in its distribution, where it occurs from the surf zone to well offshore, and from the surface to depths of 400 m (Compagno 1984). Because it is poorly adapted to osmoregulate at lower salinities, it is not commonly found in estuaries (Compagno 1984, Musick et al. 1993). A study off Brazil by Motta et al. (1997) recorded the species at depths of 8-15 m off southern Sao Paulo State. Tagging studies in the southwestern Indian Ocean (Davies and Joubert 1967, Bass et al. 1973), the Northwest Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico (Kohler 1996), and the southeastern Indian Ocean (Simpfendorfer unpublished data) have all shown that C. obscurus is a highly migratory species. The longest distance between tagging and recapture is 2,052 nautical miles, and the longest period at liberty 15.8 years. Movements normally show seasonal patterns, with adults moving into more temperate areas as temperatures rise in summer. Movements of adults are longer than those of neonates and juveniles, although juveniles of approximately a year old have been recorded moving as much as 742 nautical miles off South Africa (Dudley et al. 2005). The juveniles are known to migrate down as far as the southern and western Cape when the waters warm up during the summer months. They retreat back to the east coast as it cools (D. Ebert pers. comm. 2004). Major nursery areas for C. obscurus have been identified off the KwaZulu-Natal coast of South Africa (Bass et al. 1973), the New Jersey to South Carolina coast of the United States (Musick and Colvocoresses 1988, Castro 1993), and the southwest coast of Australia (Last and Stevens 1994, Simpfendorfer 1999). The neonates occur in nearshore waters in all of these nursery areas, but do not enter lower salinity areas.
Carcharhinus obscurus is a large shark that reaches 360 cm in length and 180 kg (Castro 1983). Off KwaZulu-Natal a female of 383 cm precaudal length (PL) and 450 kg has been captured in the protective shark nets (Dudley et al. 2005). Maximum sizes recorded in the Mediterranean Sea were a male of 311 cm and a female of 349 cm (Fergusson and Compagno 2000). Size and age data are available from several areas. In the northwest Atlantic, males mature at 231 cm fork length (FL) and at 19 years of age, and females at 235 cm FL and at 21 years of age (Natanson et al. 1995). In the southwest Indian Ocean, off South Africa, Dudley et al. (2005) report that males mature at 210 cm PL and 19.2 years of age and females at 214 cm PL and 20 years of age. The oldest Dusky Shark reported from vertebral ageing studies is 37 years, although they are believed to live to a maximum of 40-50 years (Natanson et al. 1995, Sminkey 1996).
The Dusky Shark is placentally viviparous, with litters normally ranging in size from 3-16 pups, of 70-100 cm (Last and Stevens 1994, Dudley et al. 2005). Recent work has suggested that gestation may be as long as 22 months (Branstetter and Burgess 1996, Dudley et al. 2005, Romine 2004). The lack of large yolky ova in the ovary of late-term pregnant C. obscurus indicates that there is one year resting period between birth and mating, making the reproductive cycle at least three years long (Musick 1995, Branstetter and Burgess 1996, Romine 2004).
Recent demographic analyses of C. obscurus in the western Atlantic have generated estimates of the annual rate of population increase of 2.8% (Cortés 1998) and 5.57% (Sminkey 1996). Both of these estimates are for the population without fishing mortality and assume a two-year reproductive cycle. Given that it is now thought that the reproductive cycle lasts three years these population increase rates are probably lower. Romine (2004) estimated the annual rate of population increase only to be around 1.9% and the population doubling time was estimated to be 36 years. Simpfendorfer (1999), using a three year reproductive cycle, estimated the annual rate of population increase for the Australian population was 4.3%. The low rates of population increase highlight the need for conservative management of fisheries that capture C. obscurus (Cortés 1998).
Diet: Carcharhinus obscurus has a varied diet that includes teleosts, elasmobranchs and cephalopods. Neonates and juveniles mostly consume small pelagic teleosts (e.g., sardines and anchovies) and squid (Smale 1991, Stevens 1990, Simpfendorfer pers. data). With increasing size larger teleosts (e.g., groupers, jacks) and elasmobranchs (e.g., dasyatids Raja spp., Rhinobatus spp., squatinids, carcharhinids, mustelids and squalids) become more important in the diet (Bass et al. 1973, van der Elst 1979, Castro 1983, Smale 1991, Gelshleichter et al. 1998). As a common apex predator C. obscurus plays an important (but poorly studied) role in the marine ecosystem. In the western Atlantic, the dusky has always been less abundant than some other species of carcharhinid sharks with which it is sympatric, such as the sandbar shark (Musick et al. 1993). This seems to be in keeping with its larger size and higher trophic position.
|Movement patterns:
|Full Migrant
|Use and Trade:
|Both the fins and meat are considered among the most valued in their respective categories. The flesh is utilized fresh, dried salted, frozen and smoked for human consumption; hides used for leather; fins for shark-fin soup base; and liver oil extracted for vitamins (Compagno in prep.).
|Major Threat(s):
Carcharhinus obscurus is taken as both bycatch and target in commercial shark fisheries using, set nets, longlines, hook and line and trawls (Cramer 1995, Compagno in prep.) in many areas of its range. The species has among the most sought after fins for shark fin soup because of their large size and high fin needle content (ceratotrichia) (TRAFFIC 1996, R. Hudson pers. comm.). Because of its high-value fin, dusky sharks caught incidentally in tuna and swordfish fisheries are now regularly landed rather than released. Carcharhinus obscurus was found to represent at least 1.2-1.7% of the fins auctioned in Hong Kong, the world's largest shark fin trading center (Clarke et al. 2006a). It is estimated that between 144,000 and 767,000 Dusky Sharks are represented in the shark fin trade each year or, in biomass, 6,000 to 30,000 mt (Clarke et al. 2006b). The very low intrinsic rate of increase of the Dusky Shark renders this species among the most vulnerable of all vertebrates (including great whales and sea turtles) to man-induced mortality (Compagno et al. 2005, Musick 1999). Furthermore, Compagno et al. (2005) report that the species is difficult to manage or protect because it is taken in mixed species fisheries, and has a high mortality rate when taken as bycatch.
Further threats to C. obscurus are from beach meshing programs in Australia and South Africa and from recreational fishing. Beach meshing in Australia (Queensland and News South Wales) undoubtedly catches C. obscurus, however, species-specific data are not available. Between 1972 and 1990, the New South Wales programme caught a total of 765 whaler sharks (Reid and Krough 1992), of which Stevens (1984) reported the capture of larger juvenile and adult C. obscurus by recreational fishers off the east coast of Australia. Dusky sharks were one of the most important species in the trophy shark tournaments held in Florida, USA, until the stock collapsed (Heuter 1994).
Northwest and Western Central Atlantic
The initial decline of C. obscurus in the Northwest and Western Central Atlantic was caused by a targeted recreational fishery that developed in the late-1970s and by bycatch in the pelagic swordfish longline fishery (Musick et al. 1993). A rapid expansion of the directed commercial shark fishery in the US in the late 1980s was fuelled in large part by the demand for shark fins in the markets of Asia (Cook 1990). Although Dusky Shark meat is used domestically in the US, the very high value of the fins suggests that the decline in this dusky shark population over past decades has been, and continues to be, driven by international trade in shark fins. There is little reason to believe that the demand for dusky shark products will lessen, especially as other fishery resources become increasingly depleted. In the Gulf of Mexico during the late 1980s, the dusky shark was the fourth most abundant species in the tuna longline bycatch, where medium to large dusky sharks were often shot, finned and discarded (Russell 1993).
Declining catch rates for Dusky Sharks in this area have been a cause for concern. Off North America the proportion of C. obscurus in the catch decreased, while fishing for more abundant species continued (Musick et al. 1993). Carcharhinus obscurus was put on the protected list in 2000, requiring all individuals captured in the longline fishery to be released. Even though the mortality of small juveniles on the longline was as high as 50% (lower for larger juveniles and adults) (Romine 2004), the juveniles have shown an increase of about 30% from the lowest point in the time series to 2005 in the Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) survey, and continue to rise. This increase was not apparent in the stock assessment, which analysed catch data and multiple fisheries-independent and fisheries-dependent time series data sets in the western Atlantic (NMFS 2006). This assessment led to estimated declines of 62-92% between 1974 and 2003. These declines are of the same magnitude as those found in analyses of the VIMS survey data (Musick et al. 1993, Romine 2004, Ha 2006), but in these studies the low point in Dusky Shark abundance occurred in the early-1990s. The NMFS (2006) assessment, which did not include the 2004-2006 VIMS survey data (which shows a further increase in juveniles) may not have detected the recent increase of juveniles because it was heavily influenced by pelagic data sets collected in deep water where juveniles are absent. The other long-term shark targeted survey in this region, which has been conducted off Cape Lookout, North Carolina through the University of North Carolina annually between 1972 and 2005 (data available to 2003) has captured 1,036 Dusky Sharks. This survey series shows a large, statistically significant decline of 98.8% (95%CI: 97.5-99.6%) and found evidence of no increase in recent years (Myers et al. in prep.).
A new analysis of observer data from the U.S. Atlantic pelagic longline fishery from 1992-2005 (which combined catches of Dusky, Silky, and Night Sharks because of identification problems) suggests that this species complex has declined significantly, by 70% (95% CI: 54-81%) during this recent time period (Baum et al. in prep.). The observer data shows a steeper decline when Dusky Shark is analysed alone, but this analysis ignores species identification problems, and hence is not considered reliable (Baum et al. in prep.). For the Gulf of Mexico, an analysis of data from U.S. pelagic longline research surveys conducted in the mid-1950s and U.S. pelagic longline observer data from the late-1990s estimated that dusky sharks declined by 79% over this forty-year period (Baum and Myers 2004), which is less than the three generation period for this species. Thus, recent management actions in the US may have led to an increase in the numbers of juvenile Dusky Sharks, however adults still appear to be declining.
Southwest Atlantic
This species is taken both incidentally and as a target species in longline and artisanal fisheries throughout Brazilian waters and elsewhere in the South Atlantic. It is taken by longline off Santos where it is retained as "other sharks" (Arfelli and Amorim 1994). The species has also been recorded from artisanal fisheries off Rio de Janeiro State (Sant'Anna and Siqueira 2000) and from southern Sao Paulo State (Motta et al. 1997, Bertozzi et al. 2000, Gadig et al. 2000). From July 1996 to February 1997 the species made up 1.12% of the catch (Motta et al. 1997) and 5.61% of the total catch from 1996 to 1999, which consisted mostly of juveniles, most frequently caught in June and August (Gadig et al. 2000). A number of countries operate longline fleets targeting tuna and swordfish in the high seas areas of the Southwest Atlantic region. In addition to the coastal nations of the Southwest Atlantic, nations including Taiwan, Korea, Japan, Spain, Bolivia, Cape Verde, United Kingdom, China and Barbados also operate vessels here. Tuna and swordfish longline fisheries now also target sharks due to increasing demand for shark products and the value of their fins (Bonfil et al. 2005, Mejuto et al. 2005).
Mediterranean Sea
The main threats in the Mediterranean Sea are commercial fisheries. This species is caught sporadically in longline, setline, gillnet and sometimes by tuna trap ("Tonnara - Tonnarella") fisheries, principally off North African and rather less frequently by surface longlines, artisanal setlines and possibly trawlers in the Sicilian Channel. Carcharhinid sharks have been caught as target or bycatch in historical fisheries in this region, where fishing pressure is high, however there are few species-specific records from which to elucidate population trends. Carcharhinus obscurus is rarely observed on fishmarkets in the Mediterranean, but is easily mistaken for other "grey" requiem shark carcasses, such as C. plumbeus. This species is utilised for human consumption in several areas of the Mediterranean, including Sicily, Malta and Libya, although the meat is considered of low commercial value.
The fishery for C. obscurus off southwestern Australia developed in the 1940s, but rapidly increased in the late 1970s to produce annual catches of 500-600 t. The fishery uses demersal gillnets (16.5 to 17.8 cm stretched mesh) to target neonates in the nursery area and the selectivity of the nets results in very few individuals over three years of age being captured. The flesh of the young C. obscurus is highly regarded and fetches a good price on local markets. Fins are also sold. Current estimates are that 18-28% of neonates are caught in their first year. An assessment using demographic models indicated that the fishery was sustainable at the then level of catch provided the fishing mortality of animals larger than two metres was less than 4% (Simpfendorfer 1999). However, a more recent assessment (McAuley et al. 2005) found that the stock was less productive than previously thought, and that mortality of older dusky sharks in wetline fisheries outside the target fisheries was leading to a decline in recruitment. This assessment also estimated that the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Dusky Sharks declined by more than 75% between the early 1970s and 2004, and that the decline was continuing. In 2006 additional management measures were introduced to the fishery (see below), including a maximum size limit for Dusky Shark. These management measures should arrest further declines, but continued monitoring and assessment will be essential to monitor the stock, and the effectiveness of these measures.
South Africa
Off South Africa, there is a pelagic tuna longline fishery that may take some as bycatch but this is unconfirmed. There is a small commercial line fishery taking juvenile C. obscurus, and there is a recreational line fishery that targets juvenile C. obscurus but most are released (they were not released a decade ago) and there is the beach meshing operation that catches juveniles, adolescents and adults. Carcharhinus obscurus would have been a significant component in the beach meshing program off KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, between 1978 and 1999, when the mean annual catch of was 256 individuals (range 129-571, Dudley et al. 2005). There was no trend in either catch or catch rate. A subsequent update by Dudley and Simpfendorfer (2006) showed no trend in either catch rate or size over the period 1978-2003. The large mesh size of the nets used in these programs means that many of the C. obscurus taken are sub-adults and adults, but juveniles are also caught. The occurrence of sub-adult and adult C. obscurus off KwaZulu-Natal is affected by an annual winter influx of sardines Sardinops sagax and shark catches are influenced by attempts to remove the nets in advance of the arrival of the sardine shoals (Dudley et al. 2005). Reports of C. obscurus in recreational fisheries are limited. Van der Elst (1979) reported that large numbers of juvenile C. obscurus were taken by recreational shore anglers in South Africa and Govender and Birnie (1997) have expressed concerns about the high rate of instantaneous fishing mortality in this fishery, although there is an increasing tendency to release the sharks.
|Conservation Actions:
Precautionary adaptive collaborative management of target and bycatch fisheries is needed for this biologically vulnerable shark. It is also essential to improve data collection and develop stock assessments for this species. Family Carcharhinidae is listed as highly migratory under the 1995 UN Agreement on the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks (UNFSA). The Agreement specifically requires coastal and fishing States to cooperate and adopt measures to ensure the conservation of listed species. To date, there has been little progress (see United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea for further details). Also of relevance is the FAO International Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (IPOA-Sharks) which recommends that Regional Fisheries Organisations (RFOs) carry out regular shark population assessments and that member States cooperate on joint and regional shark management plans. This is of particular importance for species such as dusky shark whose stocks are exploited by many States on the high seas. Steps are being taken by some RFOs, such as ICCAT, to collect species-specific data on pelagic sharks. To date two RFOs, ICCAT and IATTC, have adopted finning bans, as have several range states (e.g., Canada, USA, EU, Australia, Brazil etc.). More are likely to follow suit.
Canada and the USA have shark management plans (NMFS 1993, Joyce 1999). In US Atlantic waters dusky sharks are a prohibited species (outside of the shark research fishery) on the Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic tunas, swordfish, and sharks. Prohibited species must be released immediately with minimum injury and without removing them from the water. The population appears to be responding to this measures, with substantial recruitment over the last six years (Ha 2006, Musick unpublished, Romine 2004), but it remains to be seen how many of these recruits will survive to maturity given the high bycatch mortality.
Management of the Australian fishery is through input controls implemented as time-gear units. In 2006, the Western Australian Government introduced a number of changes in all commercial fisheries to reduce mortality, particularly of dusky and sandbar sharks, including: a maximum size limit for Dusky Shark; additional controls on the use of longline; and the conversion of monthly gear units to daily gear units (McLoughlin 2008, McAuley et al. 2005). The main management objective is to achieve target biomass levels of 40% of the initial biomass by 2040 for Dusky Shark (McLoughlin 2008).
|Musick, J.A., Grubbs, R.D., Baum, J. & Cortés, E. 2009. Carcharhinus obscurus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2009: e.T3852A10127245. . Downloaded on 23 September 2018.
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A book is a set of written, printed, illustrated, or blank sheets, made of ink, paper, partchment, or other materials, usually fastened together to hinge at one side. A single sheet within a book is called a leaf, and each side of a leaf is called a page. A book produced in electronic format is known as an electronic book (e-book).
Pages in category "Book"
The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Top Facebook executive Joanna Shields quits to join London's Tech City
Joanna Shields, head of social media group Facebook's operations in Europe, is leaving to join a British government-sponsored venture to create London's answer to Silicon Valley.
Tech City Investment Organisation was set up in April 2011 to attract inward investment focused on an area in London's east End, dubbed "silicon roundabout" and supporting start-ups looking to expand.
It has signed up companies including Cisco, Google and Intel.
"The success of Tech City shows just what can happen when we back some of our most innovative and aspiring companies to grow," Prime Minister David Cameronsaid in a statement on Sunday.
Shields, will join TCIO in January, said she would lead a drive that hopes to make London the number one location for tech in the world.
Her departure will be a blow to Facebook, the world's biggest social network, as the U.S. group seeks to reassure shareholders after a rough reception on Wall Street since its high profile listing in May.
Concern about its slowing revenue growth rate has seen its market valuation halve - Facebook shares closed at $19.00 on Friday, compared with a $38.00 issue price in May.
"Facebook supports the UK Government's vision for building a stronger technology-based economy and start-up ecosystem, and we wish Joanna every success," a company spokesman said.
Earlier this week, Facebook opened an engineering centre in London, its first outside the United States.


text:
You know it well: the tightness, the dull ache, the sense that your shoulders are creeping ever closer to your ears. So often, tension takes hold in the neck and shoulders first, resulting not only in pain and stiffness but also impaired mobility. The culprit? Poor posture, stress, and incorrect movement (especially when exercising) can all be to blame. A sedentary lifestyle only makes matters worse. "Our bodies adapt to what we're doing," says Eric Franklin, a mind/body movement educator and creator of the Franklin Method, an integrative approach to chronic pain and effective movement. "So if we don't move our neck and shoulders, they adapt to not moving." Here, Franklin pairs reconditioning exercises with imagery, which improves focus and allows you to perform each exercise with greater precision. Use these moves to wring out tension, increase mobility, and replenish stiff muscles with oxygen-rich blood -- in about five minutes flat.
1. Refresh: Squeeze Out Stiffness
What It Does
Relieves tightness and stiffness in the neck and shoulders; the warmth of your hand helps loosen and relax the connective tissue in those areas.
How To Do It
Put your left hand on the back of your neck, take a breath, and squeeze the muscle with your hand as you exhale. Repeat 3 to 5 times. Then put your left hand on your right shoulder (on the trapezius muscle, not the bone) and repeat, squeezing as you exhale, releasing slowly. Repeat on the other side.
What To Visualize
Your muscle is a sponge full of water; each time you squeeze, you wring out tension. When you slowly let go, imagine fresh water filling the sponge, causing your muscles to spread and widen.
2. Release: Lift + Lengthen
What It Does
Increases the flexibility of the scapula and clavicle; stretches and relaxes the shoulder and neck muscles.
How To Do It
Rotate your shoulders in a circle: Roll shoulders forward, then up and back, and finally bring them back to a relaxed position. Coordinate with your breath, inhaling as you pull forward and exhaling with a sigh as you rotate them around, letting go of all physical and mental tension. Repeat 3 times.
What To Visualize
Your muscle fibers are stretching with ease-like chewing gum, elastic and soft. Each time you release the muscles, feel your shoulders dropping lower and your shoulder blades gliding down the back.
3. Revive: Tap Away Tension
What It Does
Improves circulation and increases sensation, enhancing flexibility; releases growth hormones in the skin, assisting in the production of endorphins.
How To Do It
With your left hand half-closed and your wrist loose, tap firmly but gently up your right arm, along the trapezius muscle and on the sides and back of the neck. Repeat on the other side.
What To Visualize
Your body is made of layers of soft cloths and you're reaching every layer. Each tap stimulates and relaxes the skin, connective tissues, muscles, bone, and marrow.
Text by Terri Trespicio


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MADRID (AP) — A Spaniard sentenced in Cuba to prison for the death of a prominent dissident arrived back in Spain on Saturday to serve the rest of his four-year term after an agreement between the two governments.
Angel Carromero Barrios, a Spanish regional political youth leader, lost control of his car and crashed on July 22, killing passengers Oswaldo Paya and Harold Cepero. Paya was a well-known opponent of the Cuban government and Cepero was also a dissident.
Carromero flew into Madrid's Barajas international airport with a police escort alongside Miguel Vives, another Spanish citizen sentenced to 18 years prison in Cuba for drug trafficking.
The governments of Cuba and Spain applied a bilateral accord dating from 1998 which allows for the enforcement of each other's criminal judgments.
A spokesman for Spanish penitentiaries said Carromero was taken into custody on arrival and would be driven to Segovia jail, 110 kilometers (68 miles) northwest of Madrid to serve the remainder of his sentence. He spoke on condition of anonymity in keeping with Interior Ministry rules.
Aron Modig, a Swede who was also riding in the car at the time of the crash and who, along with Carromero, was accused by Granma of getting involved in political activities while visiting Cuba on tourist visas, said he was relieved that his Spanish colleague had returned to Spain.
"It feels wonderful of course," he told The Associated Press in a telephone interview on Saturday. "I hope he gets as mild (treatment) as possible."
Modig, who has said he was asleep when the car crashed and who was not able to explain how the vehicle swerved off the road, said his mind remained blank and that he still doesn't have any recollections of the incident.
"No, I don't. I'm sleeping when the crash occurs so I go from a sleeping state into being unconscious for about half an hour. I wake up in the ambulance."
Ofelia Acevedo, Paya's widow, has said she does not believe the Cuban government investigators' account of the accident, saying she hoped Carromero would be able to tell the truth once on Spanish soil.
Associated Press writer Louise Nordstrom in Stockholm, Sweden, contributed to this report.


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Faculty Member: Dr. Charles Anderson
The horse unit is comprised of about 30-35 horses. Most of the horses are American Quarter Horses or American Paint Horses. These horses are used for Basic Equitation, a course taught by Dr. Charles Anderson, as well as the WKU Equestrian team to practice on for upcoming events.
We currently have a 24 stall barn that has recently been remodeled that will be open for student boarding in the near future. We have a large indoor riding arena. There is currently a new barn being built that will house the WKU horses that will also have 40 stalls, classrooms, office, tack rooms, and wash racks. We will be posting pictures of the new barn to keep everyone up to date on what is going on.
The Equestrian Team competes in Western Horsemanship and Reining. The team is an IHSA team and competes with Murray State University, Middle Tennessee State University, Tennessee Tech, and other colleges in our region. Practice is held on Tuesday and Thursday afternoon.
In 2010, there were three students, Jessie Mattingly, Rachel Kelley, and Paige Montgomery, who qualified and showed at Regionals. Paige Montgomery went on to win the Semi-Finals in Pomona, CA and placed sixth at the 2010 IHSA Nationals held in Lexington, KY.
Check out the Equestrian Team website at: equestrianteam.spreadable.info
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An adventure far, far away
Four thousand light years away. That's where Iowa State professor of physics and astronomy Steve Kawaler and his team are conducting their groundbreaking research on stars. They're able to study subjects this far away by using a telescope that's 50 million miles from Earth. So, if you think about it, it's really no wonder individuals in the scientific community are saying the team's findings are out of this world.
Kawaler is a leader of the Kepler Asteroseismic Investigation and part of the research team that studied changes in the brightness of the host star Kepler-56. Their findings revealed that tilted planetary orbits are possible even in systems that don't contain a hot Jupiter. Said Kawaler, "These studies allow us to draw a detailed picture of a distant system that provides a new and critical test of our understanding of how these very alien solar systems are structured."
This is big news when it comes to star research. So big, in fact, that the team's findings were published in one of the world's top scientific journals -- Science. As Kawaler and the team continue their research adventure, no one knows exactly what other amazing discoveries they'll find. But one thing's for sure -- the world (and outer space) is their oyster.
Whether they're studying a star 4,000 light years away or soil right in our own backyard, for Iowa State professors, the sky is the limit when it comes to research. And you know what that means -- when you become an Iowa State student, you'll get to learn from some of the brightest minds found on Earth.
- A veteran adventurer
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Next: save all Up: Xselect Commands Previous: saoimage
saveSave product files...
Save a light curve, a spectrum, or a filtered list of the original type. Save session saves the current state of the session, and exits Xselect.
xsel > save <save_what> <outfile>
Next: save all Up: Xselect Commands Previous: saoimage Keith Arnaud
HEASARC Home | Observatories | Archive | Calibration | Software | Tools | Students/Teachers/Public
Last modified: Monday, 19-Mar-2012 14:16:49 EDT


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Driver in deadly crash sentenced
Driver in deadly crash sentenced
OMAHA, Neb. —
A Bellevue man will spend time behind bars for a crash that killed his friend.
Police said 21-year-old Vidal Bercerra was speeding and driving drunk when he flipped his car near 124th and Q streets July 4.
-- Mug Shots: See who got arrested
His passenger, Nicholas Galas, 21, died.
A Douglas County judge ordered Becerra to spend two to three years in prison for vehicular homicide.
Bercerra's blood alcohol content was nearly three times the legal limit.


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Fire Resistant Notice Boards
Our fire resistant notice boards have been designed and tested to meet the latest European fire regulations. The regulations cover the resistance and reaction to fire for construction and building products. Wherever you see the Blazemaster logo you can be sure that the fire resistant notice board has been designed, manufactured and tested in accordance with the highest applicable standards. The fire resistant board comes in a range of 9 colours seen within the product information below. Sizes can be made to measure or you can select from our standard sizes.
Metropolitan Blazemaster Noticeboard7 variations
900x600mm £50.00 £60.00 900x900mm £50.00 £60.00 1200x900mm £70.00 £84.00 1200x1200mm £95.00 £114.00 1500x1200mm £115.00 £138.00 1800x1200mm £125.00 £150.00 2400x1200mm £145.00 £174.00


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I know a lot of people like to rag on Mark Zuckerberg, especially after he came off as a tad less than likeable in The Social Network a couple of years ago, but I don't really see why. By all accounts he lives a modest lifestyle, especially for someone who is a billionaire, and he gives back to the community; he and his wife, Priscilla Chan, were the second biggest philanthropic donors in 2012, giving $498.8 million to charity.
And now, once again, Zuckerberg and Chan are giving their money to a worthy cause, this time toward saving human lives.
Zuckerberg and Chan, along with Apple chairman Art Levinson, Google co-founder Sergey Brin and his wife Anne Wojcicki, and DST founder Yuri Milner have launched the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, it was announced Wednesday.
The goal of the prize it to recognize "excellence in research aimed at curing intractable diseases and extending human life."
There are 11 inaugural winners of the Breakthrough Prize, who will each receive $3 million. The prize will be administered by the Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences Foundation. Levinson will serve as the Chairman of the Board of the Foundation, while additional directors will include Wojcicki, Zuckerberg and Milner.
The first round of winners are:
- Cornelia I. Bargmann, for the genetics of neural circuits and behavior, and synaptic guidepost molecules
- David Botstein, for linkage mapping of Mendelian disease in humans using DNA polymorphisms.
- Lewis C. Cantley, for the discovery of PI 3-Kinase and its role in cancer metabolism.
- Hans Clevers, for describing the role of Wnt signaling in tissue stem cells and cancer.
- Napoleone Ferrara, for discoveries in the mechanisms of angiogenesis that led to therapies for cancer and eye diseases.
- Titia de Lange, for research on telomeres, illuminating how they protect chromosome ends and their role in genome instability in cancer.
- Eric S. Lander, for the discovery of general principles for identifying human disease genes, and enabling their application to medicine through the creation and analysis of genetic, physical and sequence maps of the human genome.
- Charles L. Sawyers, for cancer genes and targeted therapy.
- Bert Vogelstein, for cancer genomics and tumor suppressor genes.
- Robert A. Weinberg, for characterization of human cancer genes.
- Shinya Yamanaka, for induced pluripotent stem cells.
Each of the first 11 winners have agreed to serve on the Selection Committee of the Foundation to choose recipients of future prizes. They will also be invited to present public talks which will be made available to the public.
"I believe this new prize will shine a light on the extraordinary achievements of the outstanding minds in the field of life sciences, enhance medical innovation, and ultimately become a platform for recognizing future discoveries," Levinson said in statement.
Going forward, the Foundation will be giving out five annual prizes, worth $3 million each.
"Our society needs more heroes who are scientists, researchers and engineers. We need to celebrate and reward the people who cure diseases, expand our understanding of humanity and work to improve people's lives," Zuckerberg wrote in a Facebook status.
"At $3 million per prize, it's the largest prize for this work in the world. I'm hopeful this serves as a blueprint for prizes and philanthropy in other fields as well."
(Image source: http://www.breakthroughprizeinlifesciences.org)


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Go to:
Please find a list of all translated decisions available on this website, including a search form.
Learn more about the most important types of proceedings and the stages from an application to a decision. You can also find the annual preview and the annual statistics here.
The Federal Constitutional Court acts only in response to an application. Its types of proceedings are listed in the Basic Law and in the Federal Constitutional Court Act.
How cases are assigned internally is governed by the Federal Constitutional Court Act, the resolutions of the Plenary and the Senates' case assignment plans.
In most proceedings, a three-member Chamber makes the decision; in proceedings with fundamental constitutional significance, the decision is made by the competent Senate.
Every year, the Federal Constitutional Court publishes a list of major cases in which it intends to reach a decision during the current year.
The Annual Statistics inform about which new cases were received and which cases were completed during the previous year and compare the data to numbers from past years.
Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
Schlossbezirk 3
76131 Karlsruhe
postbox 1771
76006 Karlsruhe
Phone: +49 (721) 9101-0
Fax: +49 (721) 9101-382
© 2018 The Federal Constitutional Court


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|Thu Sep 20 02:12:17 +08 2018
HIV Saliva Test | SINGAPORE GUM™Summary
HIV Saliva Test | SINGAPORE GUM™ @singaporegum_com: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) saliva test, Singapore. Private & confidential service.
Table of ContentsHIV rapid test (20 minutes to results) Two types are available:
Note: If the clinic attendance is only for the HIV rapid test, then consultation fees are not added.
HIV symptoms which may present in acute HIV infection:
Remember, there is no HIV cure.
HIV window period is the time from HIV infection until a HIV Test can detect any change. Within the HIV window period, the HIV Test would be negative. During this period, the HIV viral load is extremely high, thus making the person highly infectious.
HIV ELISA (Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) test generations:
Estimated HIV transmission risk per exposure for specific activities and events
Sources: vaginal sex;1 anal sex;2 fellatio;3 2 mother-to-child;4 other activities.5
HIV Risk (2005 figures)
Estimated per-act risk for acquisition of HIV, by exposure route*
†Source refers to oral intercourse performed on a man.
HIV risk (2002 figures)
HIV Risk Statistics (chances of getting HIV)
Individuals are eligible for HIV PEP Treatment if all the following criteria are met:
For optimal efficacy, antiretroviral therapy should be started as soon as possible, ideally within 1 hour of exposure. So that you can remain HIV negative.
The medications and dosages are the same as those used for lifelong treatment of HIV patients. However, for HIV PEP treatment, it is taken for only a month.
Sexual risk (of HIV/STD/pregnancy), and what you can do before and after exposure.


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Mineral Weathering in the Arctic
Arctic Research Initiative
2007 Funded Project
The ultimate "geologic" sink of atmospheric CO2 is calcium-magnesium carbonates in marine sediments. The calcium and magnesium ions are supplied by weathering of silicate minerals on the continents. Silicate weathering and transport of dissolved calcium and magnesium ions to the ocean are thus of paramount importance for the long-term stability of Earth's climate. On shorter time scales (<105 yr) weathering of carbonate mineral also consumes atmospheric/soil CO2 and has to be included in models of the carbon cycle.Globally, mineral weathering consumes ~0.3 Gt C per year, a flux that is only slightly smaller than the riverine flux of organic carbon. Mineral weathering reactions are temperature- and runoff-dependent, and both factors are thought to increase with increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Weathering rates should therefore increase over the next 50-100 years during which atmospheric CO2 concentrations may more than double. Despite these temperature dependencies, estimates of silicate weathering rates in Arctic river basins indicate that they are comparable to many tropical river basins. However, it is important to realize that these estimates are based on sampling of rivers during Arctic summer, after the peak flow that accompanies ice break-up in early spring. These estimates may therefore be severely biased in yet unknown ways.
We propose to investigate inorganic tracers of mineral weathering in several Arctic rivers in Canada and Russia, with specific focus on the spring flood period. This logistically difficult project is being conducted in collaboration with colleagues at the Woods Hole Research Center (WHRC) and our organic chemistry colleagues, whose proposal to work on the organic aspects of ArcticRiver chemistry was funded by WHOI's Arctic Initiative in the spring. This collaborative work will provide unprecedented insights into the most important river flow period characteristic of Arctic rivers in general.
Arctic rivers are responding to environmental change. This includes receding permafrost that modifies water movement through Arctic soils. Such changes not only mobilize soil carbon, but also increase the surface area of minerals that are in contact with soil moisture. As Arctic rivers are important sources of freshwater as well as organic and inorganic nutrients to the Arctic Ocean, hydrochemical investigations of large Arctic rivers are important to understanding the impact of global change on the Arctic in general. We consider this project a baseline study against which future studies of Arctic rivers conducted at higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations can be compared.


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BBQ Apron Tote Pro - University of Southern MississippiManufactured By: Picnic Time
Item Number:
The University of Southern Mississippi BBQ Apron Tote Pro by Picnic Time stands out with Golden Eagles tailgating spirit as well as practical features and style. It conveniently folds into an easy-to-carry tote complete with adjustable shoulder strap. Unfold the Southern Mississippi tote and it becomes a full-sized BBQ apron with an awesome barbecue tool set inside, including a large Stainless Steel spatula with integrated bottle opener, a large Stainless steel fork, and stainless steel tongs. These aprons proudly display the Golden Eagles Logo and are made of durable 600D polyester with complementing trim, they even come with a BBQ oven mitt and an adjustable chef's hat. The grill apron also features numerous pockets specifically designed to hold items typically used when barbecuing, like condiment bottles, grilling spice shakers, and cool cans of beer. Adjustable crisscross back straps that buckle to each side of the apron means no uncomfortable strap digging into the back of your neck! The University of Southern Mississippi BBQ Apron Tote makes a great gift for any grill master and Golden Eagles fan.
Shipping Information for Picnic Time 635-88-179-744-0 - Southern Mississippi Golden Eagles BBQ Apron Tote Pro by Picnic Time
- This product ships directly from the manufacturing center in California
- Ships UPS ground service only to the 48 contiguous states.
- For other shipping areas such as APO/FPO, HI, AK or expidited shipping please contact us for options and pricing.
- Items are generally shipped within 2 days, although team licensed products may take up to 7 days to ship due to printing, embroidering or laser etching if required.
Below is a map of average shipping times once the products leave the warehouse:
The manufacturer is so confident in the integrity of their products that they offer a limited lifetime warranty for every product they sell. Their product are warranted to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for the life of the product when the product is used for the purpose intended, and does not apply to damages caused by unreasonable use, neglect, accident, intentional misuse or acts of nature, normal wear and tear, exposure to extremes in temperature or humidity, immersion in water, fading or variations in color or finish over time, scratches, blemishes or slight color variations in wood grain, minor variations in size, unauthorized repair, alteration, abuse or misuse of Product.
Return Policy
This manufacturer accepts non-warranty returns. Your purchase may be returned up to 10 days after receiving it. However, you must first contact us (in writing) by sending an email. We will then issue a Return Authorization Number to you. It must be new, it may not have been used, and in the original packaging...so it can be re-sold. Upon receipt and inspection to determine if the item is in the same condition as when shipped by the manufacturer, a credit will be issued to your card minus a 5% (of the selling price) restocking fee, and original shipping costs incurred to send your purchase to you. The customer sets up and pays for the return shipping cost.
Product Specific Identification:
Merchandise Vendor: Picnic Time
Title: BBQ Apron Tote Pro - University of Southern Mississippi
Buy SKU: 635-88-179-744-0
Purchase Primary URL: Southern Mississippi Golden Eagles BBQ Apron Tote Pro by Picnic Time
Type: BBQ Tools
Buyer SMS URL: bbq apron tote pro university of southern mississippi
SMS ID: BBQApronToteProUniversityofSouthernMississippi
SMS Desc: The University of Southern Mississippi BBQ Apron Tote Pro by Picnic Time stan...
Buying SMS Tags: BBQ ApronsBBQ ToolsGrillingNCAAPicnic Time
Purchasing ImageID: The-Southern-Mississippi-Golden-Eagles-BBQ-Apron-Tote-Pro-Grill-Tool-Set Product Price: 52.95


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Xi'an Beilin Museum
The Xi'an Beilin Museum was expanded from the Xi'an Forest of Stone Tablets, established in 1087 during the Northern Song Dynasty. It collects stone steles, stone sculptures and calligraphy, and has some 3,000 stone steles in its collection. Among its treasures are the works of legendary calligrapher Wang Xizhi, painter Wu Daozi and artist and scholar Huang Tingjian. The museum has traditionally been a hotspot for scholars and history buffs, who come to marvel at the phenomenal works.
+86 29 8721 0764+86 29 8721 0764


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Professional Prompt Appliance Service
Modern appliances have come a long way, but they still aren't foolproof. Every now and then, for some reason or another, they'll break, requiring repairs. If your freezer, dishwasher, or oven is in need of service, don't try to diagnose the problem yourself. Save yourself time, money, and frustration by calling on the professionals of Coastal Bend Appliance. Whether you need repairs for your home or office, our expert technicians will get the job done. Give us a call to make an appointment today!


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|Version 14 (modified by 10 years ago) (diff),
Part of DjangoSpecifications
Session framework improvements
The following tickets are related to sessions: #3304, #1180, #6791, #6941, #6984, #7515.
Some of the tickets are interrelated, some of them pose security risks.
See also the discussion at http://groups.google.com/group/django-developers/browse_thread/thread/fbcfa88c997d1bb3 .
Other projects to draw inspiration from: Beaker.
The following is required from the session framework:
- no session key collisions on creation (#1180)
- there is a method for clearing session data (#7515)
- session data is not shared between different users (#6941), session is cleared on logout; if user A was logged in when user B logins, session will be cleared on login as well (but not anonymous session data) -- depends on previous
- supports controlling session lifetime (comment:ticket:2548:9 describes the use case)


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I began my morning stranded in South Lake Tahoe without any sleep, and my eyes burned as I emerged from the casino still clutching my complimentary beverage glass. This "comp" drink had cost me about forty dollars on the tables-maybe it was a bit more than that, but my mom reads this crap and I don't want to let her in to my recent enrollment into Gamblers Anonymous. Nevertheless, I had a place to be: 52 miles from where I stood, Northstar-At-Tahoe was holding the Nikita Chickita Snowdown. This slopestyle and rail jam event provided the lovely ladies of our sport with a unique opportunity to prove their skills in an all-female competition format. That's right, no men would be turning tricks-it was a "girls night out," but instead of nighttime, it was a perfect, bluebird day, with a 10,000-dollar cash purse and four trips to the Icelandic Park Project to be given away.
After countless vain attempts, my companion and I were finally picked up and whisked off to Northstar. Before I forget to mention, said companion was Chris Johnstone, the Snowdown's slated announcer. It was 10:00 a.m. when we arrived, and the event was about to get underway. The both of us are professionals, so, thanks to the lifties at Northstar, we made it on hill despite not having any snow gear or boards between the two of us.
As Johnstone and I descended upon the course, I caught a glimpse of the slopestyle course features. Three nice sized jumps funneled into a tree ride, a mellow box, and an up-down rail. Following this was another small jump, a pretty long hip, and a quarterpipe with a box placed smack dab on to of it. Unfortunately, the top three jumps were hard to get speed for on account of it being a very warm day-any mistake would scrape off enough speed to render the next hit impossible. The ladies were therefore putting a larger emphasis on the jibs. However, this didn't stop them from chucking their meat. The crowd standing at the barbeque pit saw many 540s and 720 attempts off the jumps. In the end, the winner would be Rome snowboards' own Marie-France Roy for the pros and Iris Lazzareschi for the ams. Marie took home 2,500 dollars and a trip to Iceland for her smooth frontside spins, while Iris held solid on the jibs to win her a trip to Iceland. Some other standouts in the pro field would have to be Hana Beaman for her smooth backside spins-man she has a nice backside, and Alexis Waite was also putting a good line together with a combination of 360s and such.
Next up was the rail jam-the pros were forced to step things up, because it was shaping up to be amateur night. Iris was again leading the charge with an array of tricks on the three obstacles: a down bar, a flat-down, and flat-down-flat rail. My favorite trick was definitely her frontside slide, hop to boardslide, hop to fifty-fifty into 180 out. One word: ridiculous. Another standout on the am side was Lairie Currier-with her noseslides on the flat-down-flat, she was pressing this thing better than a lot of guys could. Big ups, girl. Erin Comstock took it for the pros with her frontside slide on the flat-down-flat. Leanne Pelosi was going gap to frontside 270 on the flat down, while Beaman was going switch fifty to switch frontside on the same rail. In the final moments, Alexis Waite was going for a back Smith on the flat-down-flat, but unfortunately, time ran out before she could make it.
With the riding over and the prizes to be handed out everyone made like babies and headed out to the Blue Coyote for awards. This was also where Tony Trujillo's band USSR was slated to play. With the free booze flowing, the crowd was ripping into frenzy. I was beginning to feel like myself again, and I'm sure that the girls who participated in the fun-filled event were, as they say in the counter-culture slang of today, "Stoked." The only thing we needed then was some good metal to take us over the edge-USSR took the stage … see ya later.
Pro Slopestyle
1. Marie France Roy: $2500 & Trip to Iceland!
2. Natasza Zurek: $1500
3. (tie) Chanelle Sladics: $650 & Leanne Pelosi: $650
5. (tie) Erin Comstock: $150 & Alexis Waite: $150
7. Marybeth Swetkoff: $100
8. Laura Hadar: $100
9. Laura Berry: $50
10. Magalie Dubois: $50
Am Slopestyle
1. Iris Lazzareschi: Trip to Iceland!
2. CC Marie Curry
3. Abby Lockhart
4. Robyn Borneman
5. Dana Starr
6. (tie) Destinee Perata & Laurie Currier
Pro Rail Jam
1. Erin Comstock: $1500 & Trip to Iceland!
2. Leanne Pelosi: $750
3. Marie-France Roy: $500
4. Alexis Waite: $250
5. Chanelle Sladics: $150
Am Rail Jam
1. Iris Lazzareschi: Trip to Iceland!
2: Abby Lockhart
3: Erin Podue
4: Lairie Currier
5: Dana Starr
6: Kirstin Seitz
Overall Best
Trick: CC Marie Curry: $500
Style: Iris Lazzareschi: $100
Tree Jib: Iris Lazzareschi: $100
Vintage Trick: Colleen Quigley: $100
Trick On Hip: Natasza Zurek: $100


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This will be blog Friendly competition where 2 bloggers will answer to some random quick questions, and the results will be presented side by side. Their will also be poll for readers to vote on which blogger they like,the blog w/ most votes gets feature on my blog{FREE} This should provide a nice/fun read for everyone. .
If wanting to enter please fill out the form here
Views: 16


text:
Gro Glienicke, Germany News
Local news for Gro Glienicke, Germany continually updated from thousands of sources on the web.
Gro Glienicke, Germany news is powered by NewsRank ®
Actresses Who Were Paid Less Than Their Male Costars
Quiz: Do You Know All These 1960s Lyrics?
Quiz: Can You Name All Of These 1950s Male Icons?
23 Shocking Celebrities Who Are Real Jerks In Real Life
35 Famous Movie Lines You'll Be SHOCKED To Learn Were Actually Improvised
15 Of The Most Insane Reality TV Fights In Television History
39 Shocking Male Stars Who You Forgot Were Hot Back In The Day
QUIZ: We Bet You Can't Name All These Oscar-Nominated Movies
28 Celebrity Relatives You Won't Believe!
We Found Them: 21 Stars Who Look Hotter Now Than They Did When They Were Younger
Quiz: Are You Smart Enough To Pass This Quiz About Latino Pop Culture?
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text:
NEW YORK (AP) — A play about the New York Yankees that debuted off-Broadway this month has been called up to the major leagues — Broadway.
Producers Fran Kirmser and Tony Ponturo said Monday that they'll take the show "Bronx Bombers" to the Circle in the Square Theater starting in January. The official opening is Feb. 6.
Written and directed by Tony Award nominee Eric Simonson, the play explores the Yankee's legend and features actors playing Babe Ruth, Yogi Berra, Lou Gehrig, Reggie Jackson, Mickey Mantle, Thurman Munson, Billy Martin, Joe DiMaggio and Derek Jeter.
The play debuted off-Broadway this month at an intimate 200-seat theater, produced by Primary Stages. Reviews were mixed.
It's the third sports-related play from Kirmser and Ponturo to make it to Broadway. Their first, "Lombardi," about football icon Vince Lombardi, turned into a modest hit, but the next play in the series — 2012's "Magic/Bird," about the friendship between basketball legends Earvin "Magic" Johnson and Larry Bird — didn't do as well, closing after only 37 shows. Simonson also wrote both previous works.
Among the changes for Broadway is the casting of Peter Scolari and Tracy Shayne as Yogi and Carmen Berra. The rest of the cast features Francois Battiste (Reggie Jackson), Chris Henry Coffey (Joe DiMaggio), Bill Dawes (Mickey Mantle), Christopher Jackson (Derek Jeter), Keith Nobbs (Billy Martin), John Wernke (Lou Gehrig) and C.J. Wilson (Babe Ruth).
While successful plays on Broadway have involved some element of sport, from "Damn Yankees" to "Take Me Out," ''Golden Boy" and the upcoming "Rocky," few producers have embraced the fusion of sports and drama with such vigor as Kirmser and Ponturo. In an interview this fall, they stressed that they'd learned from the disappointment of "Magic/Bird" and would work out the kinks of the new show before even considering a Broadway run.
Mark Kennedy can be reached at http://twitter.com/KennedyTwits


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It's barely 15 degrees but no one is feeling the chill, even in these snow-covered mountains of Colorado.
Certainly not the young couple from Nashville who got engaged the previous evening, outdoors next to the barn. Certainly not the Fort Collins, Colo., couple, married last fall, here for their first get-away from their blended family of four kids. Not the grade-schoolers from Denver, here with their parents, for some old-fashioned fun in the snow.
And certainly not me, here for a rare weekend with my two daughters and one of their closest friends.
Welcome to the C Lazy U Ranch in Granby, Colo. It's spread out over more than 8,000 pristine acres and located just about a two-hour drive from Denver International Airport. Rocky Mountain National Park is just a half-hour drive away. In the summer this working ranch, which has welcomed guests since 1919, is famous for its family riding programs and kids' programs that guarantee families a memorable vacation. There is a herd of 175 horses, but no more than 100 or so guests, and families return year after year. Some children, frequent visitors to the C Lazy U, even graduate to ranch staff when they reach college age.
But what a lot of families don't realize is that the C Lazy U, one of Colorado's largest ranches, proves an ideal respite for families and couples (could there be a better Valentine's Day getaway?) in winter, too, with horseback riding, backcountry and cross-country skiing, ice skating on the pond, the chance to snowshoe, tube and sled, not to mention cozying up to blazing fires in our cabin and the main lodge, after luxuriating in the outdoor hot tub with mountain views all around.
Scott Hearon orchestrated a visit with his girlfriend, Allison Stewart from their home in Nashville in order to propose -- in sub-zero temperatures beside a blazing bonfire the staff built for them outside the barn. It was during a summer working here as college students, Hearon told us over dinner -- we all ate family style -- that they fell in love. "It's the people here that make it so special," he said.
My girls certainly agreed. They gave a thumbs up to our guides, the chef who served us wonderful meals (think tenderloin and mashed potatoes, homemade turkey pot pie and lemon cake for dessert) and the spa-in-a-heated-tent where I treated them to massages.
The kids we met especially loved the horseback riding in the snow and the chance to sled down the ranch's long driveway. Their moms were delighted by the freedom they could safely allow their kids here.
"It's the only place on the planet that Zoe, 10, can go outside and I don't worry about where she is," said Lynn Feasel, here from Denver with her husband and daughter.
Another plus: weaning the kids from TV, since there aren't any, though there is Wi-Fi. "They were a little freaked out by there not being TV in the cabin," laughed Tammy Garamova, here with her husband and young daughters for a long weekend. "But it's good for them." And truth be told, there was so much to do, they weren't even missing it.
What I especially loved was the sheer ease of it all. I didn't have to worry about getting groceries for a condo at a ski resort, cooking, or orchestrating activities. The ranch staff came around at breakfast to ask what we'd like to do and simply told us where to be at what time. (Most activities are included, as are meals in the winter when kids, up to the age of 17, are free much of the time. Adult rates are $325 a night -- not bad when you consider a lift ticket at nearby Winter Park Ski Resort is more than $100 a day.)
Should you want to downhill ski at Winter Park, the ranch staff will obligingly shuttle you back and forth at no charge. My girls nixed that idea when there was the chance to backcountry ski, a snowcat carrying us and gear up the hill to spots where there was no one else on the mountain.
"Everything we skied had not been skied before," said Meghan McCloskey, my daughter Reg's college roommate. "I loved that we could enjoy the wilderness but you had the security of a snowcat and did not have to do all that hiking you normally would do in the backcountry."
Paul Kleis, our guide, pointed out some surprisingly gentle slopes that had been groomed -- not what you expect in the backcountry. There was even a heated tent with a thermos of hot chocolate. Nice!
We didn't need to bring equipment either, though the girls brought their skis. You can rent downhill skis nearby; the ranch has everything else you need for other winter sports -- even heavy boots to keep you warm while horseback riding.
I was plenty warm when I was out riding Domino (black-and-white spotted, of course) on a sunny morning with the girls. The sun was shining and we climbed up to more than 8,700 feet to stupendous views. There were animal tracks in the snow and we saw a coyote in the field.
This ranch, I realized, allows you to get safely out of your comfort zone as much as you like whether you're riding, cat skiing or even trap shooting, which we also try.
Bruce Janssen, who drives us in the snowcat, points out land that was first homesteaded in the second half of the 19th century. I think what hearty souls those families must have been in this unforgiving wilderness.
We stare out at the Indian Peaks Wilderness Area and at what's known as Baldy Mountain. The conditions aren't great -- there hasn't been sufficient snow -- but just being out in this wilderness away from the inevitable ski resort crowd is incredible.
Other families have been spending the morning snowmobiling, skating and tubing. One of the best parts: "You don't have to be with your parents all the time here," declares Zoe Feasel, who has visited many times.
"It's the kids who make their parents come back," says Janssen, who has worked here for more than 25 years.
But I don't think they take much convincing.
(Read more about Eileen's recent trip to Aspen and the C Lazy U ranch in her trip diaries and check out her new kid's guides to NYC and Orlando from Globe Pequot)
Eileen Ogintz is the creator of the syndicated column and website Taking the Kids. She is also the author of the ten-book Kid's Guide series to major American cities and the Great Smoky Mountains. The third-edition of the Kid's Guide to NYC has just been released.


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"WOW, what a wonderful cooking class on the Cape!"
Anejo Mexican Bistro's head chef Joshua Hanoka was wonderful. Yes, much to our delight, he has promised to return for another Cape Cod cooking class this Spring and a complete series of classes next winter. The details for these cooking classes will be listed in our spring newsletter.
Josh started the class by teaching us a few interesting facts about knives. He brought his own "rocking knife" for this demonstration. This is a truly beautiful instrument that was made in Japan by the same company that makes samurai swords. The steel in the knife was formed by using the same technique of folding the steel back upon itself many times as is used in the making of the swords. This technique not only produces high quality metal but also a unique almost iridescent pattern forms on the surface of the blade.
Josh began by teaching us the distinguishing characteristics of several of the peppers that are used in Mexican cooking. We also learned that most of the heat of a pepper is found in the seeds and inside membrane. Therefore, if one prefers a milder version of a dish he/she can filet the membrane out of the pepper, leaving only the sweet outer skin. Josh demonstrated this technique.
Jesse Kersey, one of Anajo's owners, served a Spanish version of champagne for tasting as class started. We were happy to use our new engraved champagne glasses. The engraving was done by Maine Coast Stone Engraving of Bar Harbor, Maine. They not only engrave stone but also commemorative bricks and glass. For more information go to: www.mainecoaststone.com
All of the food that is made for Anejo is made freshly in their kitchen by Josh and his team. He mentioned that some diners have commented on some of the sauces varying in flavor and intensity from one visit to another. His explanation is that the fresh vegetables that are used are not always the same flavor and intensity, thus giving the dish a slight variation.
About half way through the class Josh took a break to reorganize, and Jesse stepped in to instruct us in the proper method of making a margarita. All of the lime juice that is used for the margaritas and in the cooking at Anejo is hand squeezed. The margaritas were delicious.
During the second half of the class we learned to make: Fire roasted Tomato Salsa, Pork Pabil, Caramelized Onion and Roasted Garlic Refried Beans, Pico de Gallo, Hot Salsa, Salsa Verde Cruda, Salsa Verde (cooking sauce), Salsa Rojas, Mexican Red Rice, Mole Sauce and last but by no means least guacamole. No one went home from this Cape Cod cooking class hungry.
At Anejo, diners can have their guacamole prepared to their liking at table side.
During Anejo's first summer in Falmouth, we had three lovely students from Romania working at the Palmer House. They would work for us during the mornings and at 4:00 PM they would walk to Anejo to bus tables. It was not long before Jesse and Jamie Surprenant, his partner, realized that these charming young women were an asset to their establishment. They taught the girls to wheel the carts from table to table and to make the guacamole. Many of our guests were surprised to find that the same person who served them their breakfast at the Palmer House also made their guacamole that evening. As the students were headed home at the end of the season, their only regret was that when they returned to Romania they would not have the ingredients to show off their new-found skills.
Anejo Mexican Bistro & Tequila Bar has been a wonderful asset to Falmouth and Cape Cod. We at the Palmer House are pleased that we have formed this cooking partnership, and are looking forward to future classes. This Cape Cod Mexican Cooking Class was held on March 10, 2012.


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This room was done by the incomparable Janell Beals of the famed Isabella & Max Rooms blog. If you've read her blog you know that she is on a mission to make all rooms beautiful... and she does a wonderful job. I wonder if Janell had to measure and measure to find just the right pieces or it they just happened upon her? Look at how effortlessly the night stands fit in. The beautiful serene blue-green with a pop of a warm hue to frame the vignette. Plus a work space at the end for writing notes, homework, or to serve as a vanity table. I love the lamps too with a tiny echo of the warm hue to tie everything together. The chandelier... fantastic. Look at the gorgoues pattern it emanates onto the ceiling. Love it
Here is another great example done by The Lettered Cottage. A twin bed serves as a bed and a sofa. I also love the wall treatment. It takes away the boxy look that often comes with small spaces. I also like the the bare window letting in every ounce of light. Almost anything placed on the window would intrude on the room. However if privacy is absolutely needed, a modern roll shade would do the trick with the least amount of notice. The palette is another factor ~ very quiet and neutral. No need to be overly loud in a space this size.
These last two remind me of my post earlier this week ~ a place for everything and everything in its place. Trundle beds are exceptional for small spaces. They can be a sofa, a bed for one, or a bed for two. The other factor in these rooms are the built in cabinets providing ample storage around the perimeter as well has decorative. Well placed sconces can serve as general and task lighting especially if they can be manipulated as these can. Tineke Triggs obvioulsy new that and implemented it well.
So you see, no need to wimper about your small space. Take a look at the rest of the world. So many live in small spaces they have made doing so an art form. You can too with a little thought and a good plan.
A side note ~ folks that have read my blog over time may recall Monday's Method and Thursday's Room. Monday's Method is when people write in for interior design advice. For Thursday's Room, I would select a well designed room and write about it from a 'technical' viewpoit using the principles and elements of good design. I strayed away from these themed posts but I am missing them. I like to be helpful and I like to think through quality design. Timeless Tuesday? Good riddance. Not that there aren't timeless classics to pay tribute to but the link party was a bit of a drag. Will anyone come to my party??!! You know when you send out invitations to a party and the first RSVP is a cancellation and you get that sinking feeling... 'what if no body comes?' It was kind of like that. I probably won't do Monday's Method or Thursday's Room in the regimented manner I was but I will start doing them again.
Soooo ~ if you would like some interior design advice, drop me a note and some pictures. I'll give you the best advice I can using this venue. Email me at email@example.com. Please place Monday's Method in the subject line ~ I get a lot of email and I don't want to miss it!
Pictures compliments of Houzz


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4:00 - 6:00
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100 Larkin St.This workshop will help you develop and share your writing with a supportive group led by WritersCorps. We will play with form, performance, and other arts to engage your creative self. All levels of writers welcome! Open to teen writers 12-19. For information or to register contact Eric at 557-4426 or email@example.com


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Here's what I walked away with (or upstairs, as the case may be)
Some beautiful variegated things - a blue unknown fiber that had some bright pinks and purples and yellows in it. Might be destined for a scarf of some sort - or maybe part of a summer tank. In the center, oranges, pinks and yellows with black sock yarn - no idea what that'll be but it was so pretty. And on the end, some greens and blues and purples in a manos like wool. Am thinking of a simple black sweater with that stuff as a high ribbing, cuffs and neckline. Love it!
The second photo represents my more manly side - the colors were amazing and I know this batch of wools will make some of the men on my holiday list happy. (Or a felted bag for ME...)
I sent a batch of people and project specific shots to Alison for the site, but here are a few to fill those of you who couldn' t join us in on the action.
Here's how we look when we aren't crowded between the books and the videos.
Much cozier.
And here's how Johanna looks on Halloween.
She kept her outfit on all night too - there's some Halloween spirit!
I didn't expect to find myself with time to blog today, but here I am! Back from an amazing rummage sale (no sweaters to frog this time, but some great stuff nonetheless), two sleeping babies, popcorn made and books to read picked out for the 1st grade Halloween party and -- things from yesterday put away. I plan on bringing the extra loot from the swap to Knitsmiths the next time I go - if anyone wants it they can browse... There's about one shopping bag left.
Off to wake the babies and get to school. Happy Halloween all.


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Difference between revisions of "Equinox/p2/p2 index"
(→Example for composite repository)
(→Example for composite repository)
|Line 31:
|Line 31:
== Example for composite repository ==
== Example for composite repository ==
version = 1
metadata.repository.factory.order = compositeContent.xml,!
metadata.repository.factory.order = compositeContent.xml,!
artifact.repository.factory.order = compositeArtifacts.xml,!
artifact.repository.factory.order = compositeArtifacts.xml,!
Revision as of 03:54, 1 March 2012
What is the p2.index file?
The p2.index file provides a description of the kind of repository available at a particular location. This file is located next to the p2 metadata files (compositeContent.jar, content.jar, ...) that it describes. It is a java property file.
The presence of this file in a repository will cause p2 to replace its default lookup order for repository to match the one specified in the file. For example the example below will cause the content.xml repository to always be looked up first, and to never consult any other repository type.
version = 1 artifact.repository.factory.order = artifacts.xml, ! metadata.repository.factory.order = content.xml, !
How does it help me?
As a provider of a repository, it does not help you directly, but it helps your users to get a better experience and also slightly reduce the number of hits your server will be subject to.
What happens if I get it wrong ?
Should you get the content of this file wrong, the repository will fail loading. For example specifying compositeContent.xml where the repository is a content.xml will cause p2 to only look for compositeContent.xml and never look at the content.xml.
How many files for composite repositories
Given that a composite repository is just a repository that refers to other repositories, the full benefit of p2.index can only be achieved if every child repo has the file.
Jar vs XML extension
The content of p2.index does not reflect whether the files are zipped or not.
To quote the output of the b3 aggregator:
- Please note that the values in this file denotes repository factories and
- not files. The factory '<name>.xml' will look for both the <name>.jar
- and the <name>.xml file, in that order
For example for a simple repository that contains artifacts.jar and content.jar, the p2.index would still name: "artifacts.xml" and "content.xml".
Example for composite repository
version = 1 metadata.repository.factory.order = compositeContent.xml,! artifact.repository.factory.order = compositeArtifacts.xml,!
Example for simple repository
version = 1 artifact.repository.factory.order = artifacts.xml, ! metadata.repository.factory.order = content.xml, !


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WASHINGTON (AP) — Sixteen Democratic senators are calling on the Veterans Affairs Department to keep granting waivers so that same-sex spouses can be buried in national cemeteries.
The lawmakers said in a letter to VA Secretary Eric Shinseki that they wanted to commend him for a recent decision granting a waiver to former Lt. Col Linda Campbell so that her deceased spouse, Nancy Lynchild, could be laid to rest in Willamette National Cemetery near Portland, Ore. Now they're looking for more such approvals, as well as an expedited waiver process so that mourning veterans need not also worry about where their spouse can be buried. Campbell also wants to be buried in that same cemetery.
The waiver disclosed last month was the first of its kind. Spouses, and in some cases, dependents are eligible for burial with a veteran at a national cemetery. However, the Defense of Marriage Act defines spouse as a husband or wife of the opposite sex. The National Cemetery Administration, in response to that law, published a directive in 2008 stating that individuals in same-sex civil unions or marriages are ineligible for burial in a national cemetery or state veterans cemetery that received federal funding.
But Shinseki has the authority to approve waivers as he sees fit and did so based, in part, on evidence of a committed relationship between the Oregon couple.
"It is unacceptable that, after selflessly serving their nation, these men and women who have given so much would not be allowed to be buried next to the person they love in our national cemeteries," the Democratic lawmakers wrote. "We expect that you will continue to grant similar waivers moving forward. Making this important change is a matter of basic fairness and equity."
A copy of the letter, to be delivered Tuesday, was provided to The Associated Press. The VA declined to comment.


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So here's the question I've recently received from two awesome quilters today:
I am making my grandson an alphabet quilt and I'm also just learning free motion quilting. I have a problem imagining something beforehand and need your opinion for what stitch to use around the letters in the quilt, and how this will work to quilt it. - DebbieOh, I definitely know what you're getting at Margaret! I've actually kind of covered this in the Section Quilting Tutorials, but here's a refresher on just quilting around an Applique or Motif:
My question is, and this may sound stupid (sorry) but you never show quilting around an embroidery design or applique. I'm very into those and am unfortunately the type of person who has got to "make pictures" in my mind to be able to do it. I, for instance, like your simple quilting designs, like the straight up and down's or the 'side to side's' and they don't seem to 'fit' in with a block with a embroidered design or applique which mustn't be quilted over. Am I rambling or do you understand what I'm getting at? - Margaret
For illustration I'm going to use Debbie's idea above and show quilting around an appliqued letter shape in a block:
1. Stitch the block and applique in the ditch. This will secure the edges of the block and the applique shape in the quilt so you can take any pins out that could get in your way.
This will also give you useful Boundary Lines that you can travel along if you get stuck in an area.
It will also look better on the back of your quilt. While many people say they don't care about this, I know EVERY time someone looks at my quilts, they flip them to the back to see what that side looks like. Stitching in the ditch makes the backs look better.
Let's pretend this block has been stitched in the ditch (that's the white lines around the edges and around the letter. I had trouble getting this perfect in my graphics program.)
2. Pick a Design - There are a few design types that work best for this style of quilting: Independent Designs, Pivoting Designs, Echoing Designs, and Stacking Designs.
Pick just 1 design and practice quilting it in a plain, open block. Get some practice quilting it first, then you'll be ready to try it around the applique.
Some good designs to start with are Stippling, Wandering Clover, Paisley, Echo Shell, and Pebbling.
3. Fill the area around the applique - There are no rules for this! Just start somewhere and stitch the design you've practiced, filling the space evenly around the applique.
I find working from the left corner of a block, to the right works best for me. I generally work in rows when I can, or I just try to fill each weird area completely so no pockets of open space are left.
For this block, I started on the red dot and finished on the blue dot.
See how I filled that center area of the A, even though it was really narrow? It might not look great here because I can't draw as well as I can quilt, but you can see how I used the stitching in the ditch line to help be get into and back out of this area easily.
4. Fill the applique with another design (optional) - If the applique shape is big, like a Dresden plate, you might want to go inside and stitch another design within it. It's really up to you and what you think the quilt needs to look beautiful!
I hope these horrible little pictures help. I'm really terrible about drawing on the computer, but maybe you can see what I'm trying to show here.
For more photos and a few videos showing you how to stitch Lollipop Chain around some cute applique blocks, click here.
This is something I do plan to show a lot more of in the future - quilting and using the designs from the project in real quilts that have applique shapes, pieced shapes, or drawn shapes, which I call motifs.
It's really not that hard to master this, but it does take practice knowing the design you're stitching, how it works, and how it can best be manipulated to quilt into and around complex areas of your quilt.
Just start with one design, play with it for awhile over an empty block to get the hang of it, then stitch it in your next quilt around the appliques. It's really a lot easier once you try it!
Let's go quilt,
Leah Day