text:
America's public lands are under attack from Trump and anti-conservationists in Congress. Your donation to fight back today will be MATCHED 3X!
By Laura Bailey
(UPDATE: President Obama signed this into law on April 15, 2014, ensuring that Green Mountain Lookout would be saved)
Editor's Note: Jenny's blog originally appeared in February 2014 as part of a four-part series in which our staff explore the desert treasures we're working to preserve and protect from potential energy development. Since pub
Climate change is forcing many species to embark on a mass exodus out of their native habitats. Sometimes they're able to find refuge in new areas that can support their biological needs, but sometimes there's just nowhere to run.
In Montana, The Wilderness Society is fighting an upstream battle to save the West's bull trout and westslope cutthroat trout from the damaging effects of climate change.
Modern-day Denali National Park and Preserve draws around 400,000 visitors per year, and it isn't hard to see why. Roaming grizzlies, alpine tundra and the majestic mountain that inspired its name all contribute to its more than century-old status as a national treasure.
Congress is busy outlining federal spending for the coming year, meaning that they will get another chance to give conservation funding the attention it deserves.
Have you ever been curious to know the location of every single wind turbine in the U.S.? Well, the Department of the Interior (DOI) sure has, which is why they teamed up with the U.S.
A pair of lambs was sighted by an Arizona Game and Fish Department official in the Pusch Ridge Wilderness in earl
In the bipartisan poll, versions of which are sponsored annually by the Colorado College State of the Rockies project, respondents in Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming and Montana largely
Show the Trump administration Americans don't support plans to destroy this epic wildland.


text:
AltArt is an NGO that promotes digital culture and aims to strengthen the Romanian cultural sector. AltArt contributes to promoting the impact of culture on societal development through research, debates, networking and policy work.
Its projects involve the development of interactive platforms, a series of mixed reality events exploring new cultural dimensions through the use of the Internet and new technologies, workshops, exhibitions, live art events etc. AltArt projects deal with topics related to public space, urban regeneration, identity and social relations in digital space. Projects include: Future Forecast – refection on urban contemporary life by artists and scientists, public art, E-Tribal Art – artistic interventions in the texture of electronic tribes, Bare Share – analysis of the culture of sharing in Romania, Synchroni-Cities – a game like platform for urban exploration in Europe, Terra Incognita – a series of interactive mixed reality exploring events, tackling social, cultural and political issues at stake, Press Repeat Sam – interactive film workshop, DIY workhops a.o.
AltArt projects have reached between 2005-2009 an audience of 60000, offered professional development opportunities for 250 artists and cultural producers.
AltArt contributed to the development of the cultural strategy of the city of Cluj and to various initiatives of the civil society in Romania to improve cultural policies. Since 2006 AltArt participates actively to A Soul for Europe a Europe wide initiative promoting the strategic role of culture for the European development.
In 2009, AltArt has established together with other Cluj based organisations and artists Fabrica de Pensule an independent space for contemporary arts.
AltArt projects have been supported by: European Union (Culture 2000, Lifelong Learning, Phare), European Cultural Foundation, Romanian National Cultural Fund, Romanian Ministry of Culture, Romanian Cultural Institute, Pro Helvetia, Goethe Institute, British Council a.o.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
What is Deinterlacing? Facts, solutions, examples.
This site shows you how to make brilliant looking DivX video (from TV, DVB, DV, DVD etc) for archiving purposes OR how to reduce file size to produce good-looking yet small DivX footage.
If you are dealing with DivX, this site features a few video statistics and experiments, that may be of some interest for all video publishers and DivX enthusiasts.
A great part of this site deals with interlacing/deinterlacing which introduces some of the nastiest interlacing problems like these:
Please also visit my other sites
Short jokes, funny one-liners.
(with affiliate program!)
Debate Topics
Tiny Google
Startpage for your Browser
Reloaded Explained
Free Dating Tips
My Freeware Files
Resized before deinterlaced 1
Resized before deinterlaced 2
Not resized and not deinterlaced
Deinterlaced properly
Well, read on.
Some definitions and explanations
Do you think you record 25 frames per second when you make a movie with your digital camcorder?
Not quite.
Your digital camcorder does the following:
Records 50 pictures per second, intermixing every 2 consecutive pictures (with half the height) into 1 frame.
In fact, you don't call them pictures, but fields. So 2 fields are mixed into 1 frame. This mixing is called interlacing.
So this is the timeline of your digital camcorder or digital television
Record field 1
2)Record field 2 3)
Mix (=interlace) field 1 and field 2 into one frame and save the frame as frame 1.4)
Record field 35)
Record field 46) Mix (=interlace) field 3 and field 4 into one frame and save the frame as frame 2.
Note: The timeline of your analog camcorder is usually different. Analog camcorders, VCRs etc do not mix the recorded pictures. They record picture after picture after picture. Analog camcorders use "odd" and "even" sets of scan lines, too, but they don't intermix them into 1 frame.
One could use the term 50 images per second (50 ips), to emphasize, that both analog and digital recorders are capturing 50 times per second.
The digitalizers nowadays (e.g. Hauppauge WinTV) capture 25fps=50 fields per second, so in the end on your harddisk it makes no difference to say 25 (interlaced) digital frames per second or 50 not interweaved analog fields per second. But there IS a difference.
So the timeline of the analog camcorder is/was:1)
Record field 1 (=frame 1) (odd scan lines)
2)Record field 2 (=frame 2) (even scan lines) 4)
Record field 3 (=frame 3) (odd scan lines)5)
Record field 4 (=frame 4) (even scan lines)
Here is an example of what your digital camcorder does:
Capture field1 (captures at half the height, or full height and then
resizes down):
Capture field2:
They pretty much look the same. But wait, they ARE different. You can see by comparing the position of the thumb and the keyboard keys.
Now these two fields are mixed (=interlaced) into Frame1 (full
What you see above is an exact frame as on tape of your camcorder.
Here is a zoomed view of the above Frame 1:
As you can clearly see above, Frame1 consists of Field1 and Field2.The way it looks is called saw tooth type edge distortion = mice teeth = combing = serrations = interlaced lines.
In other words: A single frame consist of 2 captures of 2 different moments in time. Field1=Time1, Field2=Time2. See this frame below. This is a capture directly from MTV's Digital Video Broadcasting:
The above scene consists of 2 totally different scenes because this is the frame where there's a change from scene1 to scene2.
(This is Britney Spear's performance at the MTV Video Music Awards 2001)
Because of this time intermix (1 frame=time1+time2) it is impossible to:
1) deinterlace a frame AND 2) keep 25 frames/second AND 3) keep the full quality (=all information of a picture).
Impossible. You will have to alter at least one of those points. Except, when there was no motion.
On a computer screen interlaced recordings are annoying to watch because the lines are really disturbing. Especially in scenes where there's movement from left to right (right to left) you see the interlacing, like in this example:
The text at the bottom scrolls from right to left and thus leaves you with mice teeth because this frame consists of 2 snapshots of time, as described above.
Mice teeth because of an up-down movement.
This is a scene from the music clip "Anywhere" from the performer 112. There aren't any motion interlace lines there, but this is a frame where there was a short flash, thus there's a difference from one field to the other.
To make things even more complicated, some digital camcorders have something you could call "color interlacing". While this term maybe somewhat inaccurate to describe the source of the artefacts, it is quite descriptive for the end result.
Interlaced Frame=Field1+Field2 as you can see clearly.
But even after deinterlacing some red and some green pixels stay where the last field was.
Here is another example (after deinterlacing):チャコレディースZong 19992 X X B010UT8XI6 Ecotreadアスレチックサンダル バンデッドタンジェリン 28ad1e4
There is even something you could call brightness interlacing.
This is an capture from the music clip "Sexy" performed by "French Affair" from the TV channel Tango TV (from Luxembourg). This music clip was aired progressively. There aren't any mice teeth anywhere in this clip.
However you see "brightness interlacing lines". Maybe this clip was recorded interlaced and was then transformed to be progressive and these are the left deinterlacing artefacts.
Because even with the methods described on this site it's hard to get perfect results.
No, it's not Kylie Minogue and her gay dentist. It's pretty Kylie and pretty Jason Donovan performing "Especially for you" in 1988 in "Top of the Pops"
As you see there are some deinterlacing artefacts. However, you'll hardly notice them during play.
Is interlacing a bug?
Unfortunately this is the way digital camcorders and digital VCRs record and digital broadcasting is done. One second of a movie consists of 25 frames = 50 interlaced images.
That means that when you deinterlace a movie for your computer or your projector or your TFT monitor, and you want to play it on a standard TV set, your software (or your hardware) have to interlace it again.
Example: There are 2 kinds of DVDs: Some have an interlaced format (like the examples above) and some are transferred from film to DVD directly, thus have 25 progressive frames encoded. This is purely a decision of the DVD company. Since TV sets expect you to feed them with 50 images per seconds (whether it's from your old analog VHS recorder or from your antenna or from your DVD player) the DVD player needs to convert those 25 progressive frames to 50 images and send them to the TV set. That means they have to get interlaced them (well, it's not interlacing in its original sense, but you are making 50 images out of 25 images) instead of letting the TV simply display those original 25 fps.
Just recently Panasonic introduced one of the first TV sets to be able to receive progressive frames from the DVD player. So you need 2 things: A special DVD player, that suppresses the 25p->50p conversion and this special TV set.
Panasonic TX 32ph40d is able to receive progressive frames
Why the heck?
Because it's 1930s technology.
The main reason for this: Movies with 25 non-interlaced (=progressive) frames per second don't look very fluid. If you watched a football game with 25 progressive fps it would look as if the ball isn't flying fluidly thru the air. With 50 fields per second which are then combined to 25 frames per second this looks much better. So why not record 50 images per second? Because so far there wasn't a technology available that could record so fast or display so fast (= camcorders recording to slowly and TV sets displaying too slowly).
I mentioned above that Field1 is Time1 and Field2 is Time2. You also have to know that Field1 is Position1 (higher) and Field2 is Position2 (lower). Both field1 and field2 combined together give you the full vertical (top to bottom) resolution.
So interlacing is in fact a clever way to compress a movie when one cannot use digital compression methods. Interlacing reduces the bandwidth (= storage space nowadays) by half, without losing vertical resolution in quiet areas (in motion areas you don't notice very much anyway, because it's moving 50 times per second). So interlacing is a way to display the nonmoving parts with full resolution and the moving parts with half resolution, but チャコレディースZong 19992 X X B010UT8XI6 Ecotreadアスレチックサンダル バンデッドタンジェリン 28ad1e4 fluidly. It's a very clever way to cut bandwidth without sacrificing much quality.
Would you believe that one of the newest camcorders by Sony (other Sony camcorders and other brands are better) can record only 15 progressive frames per second in the "Progressive Mode"? The NTSC version that is!! For the PAL version it's only 12.5 fps. Welcome to the future.
We got a long way to go.
But even as technology marches on and camcorders get better, you will want have 2 options: To record interlaced (= smoother motions) or non-interlaced (= higher vertical resolution).
It is true that cinema movies are filmed with 24 noninterlaced (=progressive) frames per second (thus about 2/2.5 times less than PAL/NTSC) and look fluid, but this has a special reason: How many frames can the human eye see?
How to deinterlace video, methods of deinterlacing
There are several methods of de-interlacing.
Both fields are overlaid together. This gives you good results, when there's no movement, but results in unnatural low quality movements. There seem to be a ghosty unsharpness when something moves.
Another example: Imagine you have the following frame:
Original frame
This frame consists of:
Blending would do this to them:
If nothing changes from field to field then "Deinterlacing by Blending" gives you a slight blur.
In other words: Deinterlacing by blending (which is one of the most frequent ways to deinterlace) simluates fluent motion by blurring and "mushes" 2 consecutive pictures together. Thus in fact you reduce the quality down to a quarter of the possible quality.You could call it:
Show both fields per frame. This basically doesn't do anything to the frame, thus it leaves you with mice teeth but with the full resolution, which is good when deinterlacing is NOT needed. You could call it:
Don't blend everything but only the mice teeth themselves. This can be done by comparing frames by time or by space/position.
This gives you good results in quiet scenes where not much is moving, because there is nothing blurred then.
You could call it:
As you see the blur gets stronger in the direction of the old position.
You could even add an effect like this (Motion blur)
This motion blur is done nowadays when you need to convert 50fps footage to 25fps footage (to make 50fps camcorder footage look more film-like). Or to make comics and rendering (like "Monsters Inc") look more film-like.You could call it:
You discard every second line (the movie is half the height then) and then resize the picture during play. That is the same as skipping Field2, Field4, Field6... You could call this "Even Fields Only" or "Odd Fields Only".
There are some bad things about it.
You lose half of the resolution and the movie becomes kind of stuttering (as mentioned above). That means, that it doesn't play as fluidly as it could be.
There is also this way: Displaying every field (so you don't lose any information), one after the other (= without interlacing) but with 50 fps.
Thus each interlaced frame is split into 2 frames (= the 2 former fields) half the height.
As you see, you won't lose any fields, because both are displayed, one after the other.
Sometimes "Bob" is also called "Progressive Scan". However since Bob doesn't analyze areas (Stupid Bob) nor the differences between fields this is an inappropriate synonym. Please see the next example for the "real" "Progressive Scan".You could call it:
This is my method of choice. You can achieve this with freeware. Read the advantages and drawbacks on this site.You could call it:
This is the best solution, but unfortunately only for companies that can pay for expensive hardware solutions.
NEVER BE FOOLED: If you see just one single frame instead of the whole movie to show you the quality of any deinterlacing method, be aware. You won't know how good or bad it really is.
Because you don't know how fluid the MAVIRSブランドの女性 サンダル2018夏 フリンジアンクルストラップ 12CMスタイリスト エクストリームハイヒール ブラックブルーの靴 米国サイズ5-15 青 , NIKEレディースエアズームペガサス34ランニングシューズ マイカブルー/ホワイト/レーサーピンク/スポーツフクシア OLUKAIオハナサンダル - メンズ 深さ/黒 , Saucony女子トライアンフISO 4ランニングシューズ 白青 , NIKEメンズエアーズームVomero 12 Running Shoe ディープロイヤルブルー/サミットホワイト - ブラック , PUMAレディースメテオWNのランニングスニーカー アスファルト/プーマシルバー Sauconyレディースガイド9ランニングシューズ グレー/ブルー/シトロン アディダスレディースアルファベットRc Wランニングシューズ コアブラック/ホワイト/ユーティリティブラック , ドリューアラナレディースサンダル グリーン/フクシア , ニューバランスレディースフレッシュフォームゴビニュートラルトレイルランニングシューズ ネイビー/ライトブルー , Teva Women s Terra-Floatリヴィア・ラックス・サンダル ブラック , アシックスレディースジェル - クォンタム360cmランニングシューズ アシックスブルー/ホワイト/フラッシュサンゴ ドリューレディースエレメント ブラウン・ヌバック トロッターズ女性シミ・メアリー・ジェーン・フラット 錆 Teva Women s Terra FI Liteサンダル シティライトブラックパステル , ジェシカシンプソンレディースブライマーサンダル 白金 , ニューバランス女性40V1ミニマイズトレーニングシューズ ヴィンテージインディゴ/鮮やかなタンジェリン バンズユニセックスオールドスクールクラシックスケートシューズ ブラック/ワサビ SkechersパフォーマンスWomen s Go Walk 4 Majestic Walking Shoe ブラック/グレー ニューバランス女性用786v2クッションテニスシューズ 白青 , バンズユニセックスオールドスクールクラシックスケートシューズ ウィンドチャイム/ブラン・ド・ブラン ドルチェヴィータレディースハレスライドサンダル ナチュラル/ブラックファブリック , マークジェイコブスレディースクララ装飾スライドサンダル サーモン アディダスパフォーマンスレディースエネルギーボレーブースト2.0 Wシューズ ダークグレー/テシス/冷凍イエロー Easy Street Women s Doryフラットサンダル ホワイトワニ 中国のランドリー女性のマルロースライドサンダル ブルースエード アマルフィOrazioレディーススリップオン Taupe , FRYE女性のアンナ・オックスフォード ブラック-71060 , 私はあまりにも女性オードラの指先のドレスロファ ブルーシャンパンデニム , ジェフリーキャンベルレディースアストレスPVCアンクルブーツ シルバー/キラキラ movie plays and how many fine structures are lost and whether the deinterlacing method still fails sometimes or leaves interlaced lines.
Instead, compare the deinterlacing methods by watching one minute or so of both movies with still and fast moving scenes. How fluid is it? How blurred is it? How many interlacing artifacts are left?
Please also see How to compare picture quality the right way
50 fps
50 fps
50 fps
The reason is simple: How can you expect to have excellent results when you convert 50 fields per second (=50 snapshots per second) to 25 snapshots per second?
If you don't want to use Bob/Progressive Scan, I would suggest to use Deinterlace by Discarding Fields, because
I have encoded a video with the above methods and different options to compare the file sizes.
Please also read: When deinterlacing is not necessary.Note: When video editing software has an option "Deinterlace" without further explanation it pretty sure means "Blend" or "Discard Field".
How to deinterlace the movie the right way (Progressive Scan)
What you need to create a 50fps movie1)
Virtualdub (for general video editing and the "Field bob" filter) 2)
DivX (since every other good codec is too slow or the fast codecs are too bad). 3)
Avisynth (to split the frames into 2 fields) 4)
A media player, which can resize the video unproportionally from 720x288 (which is ratio 5:2) to 720x540 (which is ratio 4:3) during play. If you use the Standard Windows Media Player you have to hold the <SHIFT> key while resizing. Should I resize during play or when encoding?
I would suggest to get ZoomPlayer or Sasami2K because they offer more functions than the standard Windows Media Player and are faster. Read more about Do yourself a favor and download another player. 5)
and of course an .AVI file (for example your camcorder'ed movie)
What to do next...
Install Virtualdub, install Avisynth, install DivX.
If you don't install ALL of the software programs above, deinterlacing will NOT work.
If you want edit/convert your DV movies you also need to install a DV codec, of course. These codecs are usually delivered with your digital camcorder.2)
Now create a text file (e.g. with a text editor like notepad) with the name "Example.avs"
(yes, ".avs" is the extension and there is no ".txt"
extension) with the following content:
(The textfile contains only these 2 lines)
Open "Example.avs" with Virtualdub and you'll notice that you
have a movie with fields instead of frames. Half the height, but no interlaced lines.
Click here if your .avs produces an error or doesn't work. 4) Now there are 3 ways how you could continue:
4a) The worse method (but still very good): Bob
Go to Virtualdub's filter menu and "Add.." the built-in filter "Field bob". Without this filter the movie bobs (=jumps up and down). Why does the movie bob?
Unfortunately this anti-bob filter also blurs a little bit. So you can add Virtualdub's built in filter "Sharpen" right after "Field Bob" and then sharpen the amount you like.
4b) The best method (but more time consuming an bigger file size): Progressive Scan (=Weave+Bob)
Get the following the Virtualdub filter "Deinterlace - Smooth" from the website of Gunnar Thalin. Copy it to Virtualdub's "plugins" folder. Go to Virtualdub's filter menu and "Add.." this filter. You may have to check "Alternate field order" within this filter. But this depends upon your movie source.
4c) Not the best and not the worst method is: Bob by Avisynth
Simply change the avisynth script "Example.avs" to:
This will give you a lower quality than 4b) but still a very big file. 5) Save the video with the DivX codec. 6)
If your footage should result in a movie with
very jumpy movements (back-forth)
A capture from the music clip "Foolish" by Ashanti (1.6MB)
movements (up-down)
Arabic Persil commercial (0.9MB)
[both examples have bad quality]
then try one of the following:
Experiment by adding one or more of the following commands:
So you could try:
Here are a few deinterlaced examples
Select ratio 4:3 from the menu of your player. If your player cannot choose a ratio then you will see the movie half size (but it will still be very fluid).
Switch to fullscreen mode.
Disable any DivX postprocessing. Postprocessing will slow down the playing speed. Even with little postprocessing the movie won't play fluidly with a fast CPU. So set the Quality level (=post-processing level) to "MIN".
Actually you shouldn't use the standard DivX Decoder from DivX. Get the freeware decoder suite FFDShow.
The faster your processor the better. It should be > 0.6 GHz otherwise you drop frames and it looks as if the movie was badly coded. I have several computers and I can watch the movies below smoothly with my 650Mhz Athlon. It may also depend on the speed of your graphics card.
Yes, I know this capture is from an old DivX version. But I won't update it everytime DivX releases a new version.
Bob (method 4a)
50 fps
17 seconds
Video Codec: DivX 5
(quality based: 93%)
Audio Codec: mp3
Directly recorded from MTV's Digital
You have to watch the movie 4:3 1) Please note how fluid the movie is
2) but also note that the MTV logo at the upper right corner is flimmering a bit. More about flimmering.
3) this is not the best quality, because I used "Bob" instead of "Progressive Scan".
4) Also pay attention to the black dancer at the right, he's quite good.
5) This performance of Britney Spears (MTV VMA 2001) was aired 50fps. Justin Timberlake's performance one year later at the MTV Video Music Awards 2002 was aired also 50fps, but these frames had been artificially interlaced from 25 progressive frames, to make it look more "film-like".
turtle.avi (7.0 MB)
Bob (method 4a)
50 fps
17 seconds
Video Codec: DivX 4.12
(quality based: 93%)
Audio Codec: mp3
Recorded with a camcorder and converted from DV to a DivX .avi
You have to watch the movie 4:3 1) Please note how fluid the movie is
2) but also how stupid the turtle is.
3) The same applies as in 3) of the example above.
Progressive Scan (method 4b)
50 fps
16 seconds
Video Codec: DivX 5
(quality based: 93%)
Audio Codec: mp3
Recorded with a camcorder and converted from DV to a DivX .avi
You have to watch the movie 4:3 1) Please note, that the quality is better than turtle.avi, because of the newer DivX version and because I used the "Deinterlace Smooth" filter instead of just "Bob".
2) This is not the best quality, but only the half quality, because it's only 720x288 (instead of 720x576). This is NOT a normal height with this method (4b). With this method resulting heights and widths are the same as the source video's. 720x288 in this case is purely artificial due to downsizing done by me, to make the video comparable to the methods above.
3) Though the height/width is greater and the quality is better than brit.avi this sample is 1.3 MB smaller, due to the low motion of the scene and due to the higher quality of the original (DV tape). This shows how unpredictable filesizes can be.
Progressive Scan (method 4b)
50 fps
15 seconds
Video Codec: DivX 5
(quality based: 93%)
Audio Codec: mp3
Recorded with a camcorder and converted from DV to a DivX .avi and resized from 720x576 to 720x288
You have to watch the movie 4:3
1) Though the movie is very sharp this sample is 1.3 MB smaller than reflex_smooth.avi, due to the darkness and the very low motion of the scene.
2) The same applies as in 2) of the example above.
Progressive Scan (method 4b)
50 fps
30 seconds
Video Codec: DivX 5
(quality based: 93%)
Audio Codec: mp3
You have to watch the movie 4:3 1) This is a capture from the digital broadcasting of the music clip "Fire" by Mousse T. (a German DJ) featuring Emma Lanford.
2) It's from a TV Channel which has a resolution of 480x576 only, but still delivers a quite sharp picture.
3) This clip was filmed with a film camera (24fps) and has been interlaced artificially. Instead of undoing the interlacing and convert it back to 24fps, I just deinterlaced it with method 4b.
nena.avi (14.3 MB)
Progressive Scan (method 4b)
50 fps
34 seconds
Video Codec: DivX 5
(quality based: 93%)
Audio Codec: mp3
Directly recorded from SAT1's Digital
You have to watch the movie 4:3 1) Please note the fluid camera movements (above the audience), fine details (background), excellent fast movements (balloons)
2) Contrary to the samples above, I didn't downsize the height to x288, but left it untouched. Since the clip is letterboxed (=black beams at top/bottom) DivX doesn't need too much horse power. Thus you should be able to watch this movie with this height. If you get a stuttering result then install ffdshow (a very fast free decoder for several DivX versions).
3) This the concert of Nena's 20th anniversary as an artist. She performes live a new version of her world famous song "99 red balloons".
4) There are TV channels with even higher quality than this German channel.
Here is another example. This time to show you, how fluid a slow motion can be generated out of a 50fps movie:
50 fps
15 seconds
Video Codec: DivX 5
This clip is already 4:3
To keep the .avi smaller this clip hasn't got the best quality
This is another capture from the appearance of virgin (?) Britney Spears (?) in MTV's (?) video music awards 2001.1) Please note how fabulous the slomo is, but also note that there's no MTV logo at the upper right corner.
2) How I did it:
a) I created a 50fps, as described above.
b) I erased the MTV logo with the Virtualdub filter Logoaway. Click here to compare video file sizes with different Logoaway settings.
c) I made the clip 3x longer (stretched from 5 seconds to 15) with the program Dynapel Motionperfect
50 fps
21 seconds
Video Codec: DivX 5
This clip is already 4:3 (320x240)
To keep the .avi smaller this clip hasn't got the best quality.
This is a DVB capture from the soccer world championship 2002 and you see the Frenchman Zinedine Zidane falling in slow motion.
1) This footage was already aired slomo and I stretched it x3, so now it should be something about 9xSlomo.
2) France lost this game with 0:2 against Denmark and had to leave the championship.
3) Please note the thigh muscles of the red player #4 swinging and wobbling at the end of this clip. Also note how fast/slow the player is running.
4) The background music is Led Zeppelin "Travelling river side blues".
Last words
The figures above are valid for PAL. In NTSC countries (USA, Japan,...) it's ca. 30 fps (59.94 fields per second) and the size can be up to 720x480 instead of 720x576.Interlacing is visible in movies which have a height > 288 (NTSC: > 240). So when you capture a movie, say, 384x288 or smaller you won't see interlaced frames. It's practically blending. Some capture cards don't blend but drop every second field with sizes smaller or equal to 288. The term "Half Image"/"Half Picture" is another word for "Field". The "Half" relates to the fact, that the half resolution (e.g. 288 pixels) of the 2 fields (=half images) is combined to full resolution (576 pixels) in quiet areas. In my personal opinion PAL is better than NTSC:
Please read more about inversive telecine.3) PAL is more common worldwide than NTSC. About 4 times as many people live in a PAL country than in an NTSC country. I am not talking about other stuff like Hue Fluctuation, Contrast, Gamma ratio and so on (Never The Same Color, because of its color problems"), because PAL is also not the best in these regards. I am talking about resolution and frame rate which are the biggest arguments for Pal.
As you see from the reasons above this has nothing to do with anti-Amerikanism or anti-Japanism. It's just based on pure logic. I have seen PAL movies and NTSC movies and the clarity of PAL is much better. Their fluidity (50 images per second vs. 60 images per second) is nearly the same.There are camcorders (like Panasonic's AG-DVX100) that can film with 24 frames per second. Without fields. Just progressive (= non-interlaced) frames. Why 24 and not 25? To give you the cinema feeling. So the info on this site regarding deinterlacing movies doesn't apply to footage filmed like that. When you buy a DVD, some are encoded with interlaced frames and some are progressive. The output is always interlaced of course (except for some special DVD players) because TV Sets usually don't support progressive input. DivX suckz and DivX rulez. DivX rules because the decoder is fast and free. DivX rules because the encoder is good and fast. DivX sucks because it's expensive as hell if you want to commercially publish your own movies: You have to pay DivX Networks for the encoder AND for the encoded film if you want to use it commercially. AND you have to pay the MPEG patent holders (mpegla.com) per movie/per minute (because DivX is Mpeg-4). The MPEGLA fee for itself is already way too high. Please see my website www.1-4a.com for movie utilities.
If you don't know what to write, just tell me how you like the examples, where you've found me or tell me spelling/grammar mistakes you've noticed (English is not my mother tongue as you've probably noticed).


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The Ekke Sake Set designed by Teroforma includes one carafe and four sake glasses. This handcrafted set is made from soapstone which is an effective temperature regulator for drinks that are always best served "just so." The polished surface of the pieces make them pleasing to the touch, while the hand-etched lines are both aesthetically pleasing and functional as they provide a gripping surface. Makes a great hostess or holiday gift - just add a bottle of sake!
Teroforma's beautiful collection of modern dinnerware, linens, glassware, flatware, accents, and barware (including their signature milled soapstone whisky stones) comes from a hand-picked team of designers from around the world. Focusing on fine craftsmanship and rejecting mass-production, Teroforma maintains integrity of the creative process.
1-2 weeks to ship out and receive tracking.
All orders over $50 enjoy FREE SHIPPING with delivery to an address within the 48 contiguous states. Shipping on orders under $50 is $6 USD. Depending on size and contents parcels ship via UPS, USPS, FedEx or DHL.
Parcels shipping to Alaska and Hawaii are charged on a flat rate depending on weight.
Orders weighing between 0.1 lbs - 10.0 lbs are $15 USD
Orders weighing between 10.1 lbs - 20.0 lbs are $20 USD
Orders weighing between 20.1 lbs - 40.0 lbs are $40 USD
Please note, furniture and items weighing over 40 lbs cannot be shipped to ALASKA and HAWAII without requesting a quotation in advance of ordering.
Rates are calculated at checkout based on live rates from the United States Postal Service, FedEx or DHL and product weight information. Please note, tracking information is limited for USPS shipments and we cannot guarantee a delivery date on International deliveries. If you are interested in expedited International delivery options please inquire.
Cost of shipping to International destinations does not include the cost of taxes, tariffs or other customs fees. All taxes, tariffs and other customs fees are the responsibility of the receiver. Please note, furniture and items weighing over 40 lbs cannot be shipped to International destinations without requesting a quotation in advance of ordering.
If you have an APO address, please contact us in advance of making purchases to confirm the item(s) you are interested in can be shipped to your address via USPS.
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Garden gloves are an essential item for anyone working in the yard. Plus, they make affordable and much-appreciated holiday gifts. While there are many types of gloves on the market, for those animal lovers who don't want to wear gloves made from leather, there is a new tough, comfortable, non-leather alternative. The 'Vegan' glove features a spandex back for stretching and flexibility, Kevlar stitching for durability, liquid-cell thumbs and fingers help prevent blisters without sacrificing dexterity, and a non-slip print on the palms to enhance grip.
For more information on the Vegan glove, go to: The Pallina.


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Forum Post: Charles Koch Speaks Out
Posted 4 years ago on March 1, 2014, 10:34 a.m. EST by shoozTroll
This content is user submitted and not an official statement
He's just looking out for the little guy.
"[F]or disadvantaged people trying to get started, [cronyism's] unconscionable in my view. I think it's in our long-term interest, in every American's long-term interest, to fight against this cronyism. As you all have heard me say, the role of business is to create products that make peoples' lives better while using less resources to do it and making more resources available to satisfy other needs. When a company is not being guided by the products they make and what the customers need, but by how they can manipulate the system — get regulations on their competitors, or mandates on using their products, or eliminating foreign competition — it just lowers the overall standard of living and hurts the disadvantaged the most. We end up with a two-tier system. Those that have, have welfare for the rich. The poor, OK, you have welfare, but you've condemned them to a lifetime of dependency and hopelessness. Yeah, we want hope and change, but we want people to have the hope that they can advance on their own merits, rather than the hope that somebody gives them something. That's better than starving to death, but that, I think, is going to wreck the country."
While he and his brothers squash them under their corporate fingers.
If you believe him?
There's a river, Georgia Pacific pollutes, that he want's to sell you.


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Virginia Department of Transportation
From Cvillepedia
(Redirected from VDOT)
The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) is responsible for overseeing construction and maintenance on Virginia's primary and secondary road system.
|An article on Wikipedia has information about Virginia Department of Transportation in areas beyond Albemarle County's borders.
Culpeper District
The Virginia Department of Transportation's Culpeper District is responsible for maintaining around 10,250 miles of state roads within a nine-county area including Charlottesville and Albemarle County[2]. The Culpeper District includes 70 miles of interstate highways, 730 miles of primary road and 4,104 miles of secondary roads. John D. Lynch was appointed as the administrator in June 2013. [3]
Key staff
- John D. Lynch, Culpeper District Administrator
- Joel DeNunzio, Charlottesville Residency Administrator
- Kenneth J. Shirley, District Construction Engineer
- Milton Thacker, District Maintenance Engineer
- D. Brent Sprinkel, Preliminary Engineering Manager
- Lou Hatter, Public Relations
- Alison DeTuncq, Commonwealth Transportation Board representative
- ↑ Web. Culpeper District Office, official site, Virginia Department of Transportation, Sept. 30, 2010, retrieved 5 Oct 2010.
- ↑ "Culpeper District." VDOT - Virginia Department of Transportation. Web. 04 Aug. 2009. <http://virginiadot.org/about/culpeper_quick.asp>.
- ↑ Web. VDOT announces new leader of Culpeper District, Rhonda Simmons, Daily Progress, World Media Enterprises, June 26, 2013, retrieved June 27, 2013.


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MORGANTOWN, W.Va. (AP) — West Virginia University is getting a $182,000 federal grant to study whether states' laws limiting or banning cellphone use while driving are having any effect on driver safety.
Researchers in the School of Public Health will look at the regulations on texting and talking, how they're being enforced and whether they're affecting accident rates among drivers under 25.
Dr. Motao Zhu, the principal investigator, said the project will run through 2015. He will be analyzing data from various sources, including one study by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on youth driving habits and a separate one based on visual observation of drivers at traffic lights.
The number-crunching will go back about a decade, and Zhu said he expects to publish one or two articles a year, along with a final report.
Funding for the study comes from the Department of Health and Human Services' Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
U.S. Sen. Jay Rockefeller, who announced the grant Wednesday with fellow Democratic Sen. Joe Manchin, said he hopes the research will produce useable results that could help make the nation's highways safer.
"Studying the effectiveness of state laws that limit or ban cellphone use while driving is an investment in the safety of our nation's roads," he said. "Distracted driving hurts the driver, passengers, and everyone on the road, and we must do everything we can to prevent it."
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration says nearly 3,100 people died in crashes involving a distracted driver in 2010, while another 416,000 were injured. It also says 40 percent of American teens say they've been in a car with a driver who was using a cellphone in a way that put other people in danger.
Rockefeller introduced a bill to combat distracted driving in 2009 and has held roundtables and committee hearings on distracted driving and highway safety.
The National Conference of State Legislatures says the District of Columbia and 10 states — California, Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Nevada, Oregon, Washington and West Virginia — have banned handheld phone use by all drivers.
The West Virginia law, which went into effect last year, makes texting a primary offense that could result in a $100 fine. The law also bans hands-on phone use, but that won't be a primary offense triggering a traffic stop until July 2013.
At least 24 states in all have banned texting and made it a primary offense, while five have banned texting for novice drivers.
More than 220 million Americans subscribe to wireless services, and the NCSL estimates that as many as 80 percent use their phones while driving
National Conference of State Legislatures: http://bit.ly/13hbHnx
NHTSA: http://1.usa.gov/w508Zi


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Kadell Ladies Leather Handbag Top Handle Satchel Fashion Tote Purse for WomenBlack Black -
MATERIAL: High Quality PU Leather.
DIMENSIONS: 12.59*5.11*9.84 inch; Shoulder belt: 23.62 inch; Handle height: 5.51 inch. Suitable for you to carry it in daily-use, such as shopping. dating, working, traveling and so on.
INTERNAL: 2 compartments, 1 middle zipper pockets, 1 side zipper pockets for wallet,1 open pockets for keys/card. And also there is back zipper pocket outside.
FEATURES: Come with a long removable shoulder strap ,You can use it as a handbags, shoulder bags, top-handle bag or hand carry functional briefcase.Show elegant lady charm.
[ATTENTION]: Kadell is an US Registered Trademark and our ONLY Authorized dealer is Helresk. Please pay attention to avoid purchasing those COUNTERFEITS from other sellers, 100% genuine guarantee from Helresk. Unauthorized sale without permission,we will investigated for legal responsibility.
Top-Handle Bags


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Six bars that were in business before the Rolla City Council's workplace smoking ban took effect Jan. 2 are hurting financially, according to one city councilman, who suggests smoking be allowed in those establishments after 9 p.m.
Six bars that were in business before the Rolla City Council's workplace smoking ban took effect Jan. 2 are hurting financially, according to one city councilman, who suggests smoking be allowed in those establishments after 9 p.m.
"Since there was a consensus among these businesses that the smoking ban has caused significant harm, I floated the idea of a 9 p.m. exemption," Councilman Steve Leonard, Ward 2, said in a memo he presented to the council.
That stuck in the craw of Councilman Tony Bahr, Ward 6, who unleashed on Leonard.
"From now on, if you're going to float an idea, talk to us first," he said.
Leonard said he had talked to the mayor, but Mayor Bill Jenks said, "I didn't know you were going to float an idea to the businesses."
Asking why he should not work for a solution to a problem that six local businesses appear to be facing, Leonard said the effect of the Rolla Smoke-Free Workplace Ordinance is dire enough that more than one owner indicated the imminent loss of total investment in the business.
"We're not floating anybody anything until you talk to us," Bahr replied emphatically.
Leonard had submitted survey forms to six bars; five of them responded that business had been hurt.
Those five all responded to a survey question that they would support an exemption to allow smoking from 9 p.m. until closing for customers at least 21 years of age. The sixth indicated possible support for such an exemption.
Bahr asked City Administrator John Butz if any of the six tavern owners had told him they were hurting financially to the extent described by Leonard.
Butz said some owners had come by City Hall and indicated business was down, but only one said relief of some sort would help.
Mayor Jenks said confidential sales tax figures indicate that some bars were already showing a downward trend before the smoking ban took effect.
"Is it the smoking ban or new businesses coming in" that has the most effect on the six bars, Bahr asked.
In the opening of the discussion of the smoking ordinance's effect, Butz said it is difficult to figure out what that effect is due to "changing economic realities, competition and reporting data."
Butz said the restaurant and bar business generates approximately $26 million annually in Rolla with the city of Rolla collecting sales taxes of $650,000.
He estimated that bar sales were $517,000 in 2009-2010, $832,000 in 2010-2011 and $910,000 in 2011-2012 fiscal years.
"Absolutely the addition of new restaurants and bar options has impacted these sales so estimating the impact of the smoking ban is almost impossible to trace after six months of data," Butz said in his agenda commentary.
Moreover, the businesses report their sales to the state at different times, so tracking month by month is nearly impossible.
"It would likely take quarterly monitoring for 18-24 months to draw some reasonable implications," he said.
Councilman J.D. Williams, Ward 5, said he has always been against the ordinance because it is intrusive; the government should not tell private business how to operate, he said.
"You've created a boondoggle," he said, because an exemption was made for the Lions Club. "We're really not being fair."
Councilwoman Fran Mazanec, Ward 6, said if any exemption is to be made it should be on the basis of the amount of liquor sales. She also said businesses that are given an exemption should be required to post signs indicating they are "smoking establishments."
Leonard asked if he had the council's permission to formally present an exception to the smoking ban ordinance at the next meeting. There did not appear to be a consensus on whether he should be allowed to do so.


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The Maria Dimension
Edward Ka-Spel's brilliance with The Legendary Pink Dots is to introduce us to isolated characters and then immerse us in their world-view through expansive and mysterious soundscapes. He begins with the most restricted, infinitesimal point of consciousness and then slowly expands it outward towards a state of 'cosmic consciousness' (to use the phrase of 1960s psychonauts). Musically, he often follows this template of expansion, with simple melody lines repeating and layering in increased complexity of texture. Much of the LPD's music is an undertaking to help the listener (and perhaps composer) escape his/her own head. Lyrical phrases, musical motifs, album titles and themes recur across decades, but tonal shifts between albums are slow and subtle. Hopefully, The Legendary Dots Project, like the Residents and Sparks projects before, will provide the keen reader and listener with a giddy entry-point into the Legendary Pink Dots' musical world. Fulfil the prophecy! Continue reading


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From Wire and Staff Reports | Gloucester Daily Times | December 2, 2012
Manufacturing in Massachusetts faces a threat to its survival as older manufacturing workers retire without younger workers in line to replace them, according to a new study.
During the next decade, approximately 100,000 manufacturing jobs will open up as older workers retire. Manufacturing firms will find it tough to replace them because younger workers are not attracted to the sector, according to Barry Bluestone, director of the Kitty and Michael Dukakis Center for Urban and Regional Policy at Northeastern University.
The outlook for manufacturing was discussed during the first meeting of the Advanced Manufacturing Collaborative – a group of executives, industry experts and state economic development officials organized to strengthen the sector.
The 100,000 figure – or 10,000 jobs a year – is based on flat growth in manufacturing, Bluestone said. The number of jobs could be higher. The report comes on the heels of other figures reported by the Times that show Gloucester has already been shedding higher-paying manufacturing jobs, while gaining in the retail and service sectors.
The numbers from the department and the North Shore Workforce Investment Board (WIB) show that, in 2007, an average 2,800 people worked in Gloucester manufacturing companies. But in 2011, according to year-long tracking data, that average had fallen to 2,350 —meaning that, over five years, Gloucester lost 420 manufacturing jobs, a 15 percent decrease.
Over the past year, manufacturers like Gloucester Engineering, Bomco Industries and the Varian Division of Applied Materials have all added jobs in Gloucester — but over the last five years, the number of retail jobs have grown in the city by almost 30 percent — or 365 jobs — according to the WIB, while accommodations and food service jobs rose by 20 percent over the last five years, adding 214 jobs.
Part of the Advanced Manufacturing Collaborative's mission will be to reverse the trend by encouraging more young people to look at manufacturing jobs.
Many people are stuck in an "old cognitive map," Bluestone said, thinking of manufacturing as old smokestack businesses that lack appeal for younger workers.
"This is a problem we have," he said. "We are so focused on going to college and getting a degree in finance and health sciences, we forget there are 10,000 jobs a year in manufacturing."
In a survey of manufacturers, approximately two-thirds said they expect to expand their businesses in the near future, something that could prove difficult if they cannot find workers, Bluestone said.
Massachusetts is not alone in facing the problem of finding skilled manufacturing workers. Companies in other states experience the same difficulty, Bluestone said, while the number of manufacturing workers grow in countries like China and India.
Massachusetts workers need to recognize that manufacturing provides opportunities for good-paying, stable jobs, particularly for people without bachelor's degrees, Bluestone said.
Lt. Gov. Timothy Murray told the group he wants to see manufacturing return as the third largest employment sector in the state.
"I think that is doable," Murray said last week. "The question is are we ready for it? Are we training and educating people."
Across the state, manufacturing jobs totaled 250,656 in the first quarter of 2012; health care and social assistance jobs topped the list with 515,047 and the retail trade came in second with 343,312 jobs; Professional and technical services jobs totaled 260,791 and accommodation and food services had 252,280 jobs, according to figures from the Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development.
The Advanced Manufacturing Collaborative was created by the Legislature as part of the economic development law signed in August as a formalized way to pull together experts to boost manufacturing and give the industry a way to voice concerns. Prior to passage of the law, many in the group met informally for some time to collaborate and address concerns of manufacturers.
In addition to Bluestone, the collaborative includes a large group of business, state and university officials, including Eric Nakajima, assistant secretary of innovation policy for the Executive Office of Economic Development; Brian Gilmore, executive vice president of government affairs at the Associated Industries of Massachusetts; Marty Jones, chief executive of MassDevelopment; Susan Windham Bannister, president and CEO of the Massachusetts Life Sciences Center; Ken Hill from Raytheon Corp., and Nancy Snyder and Marybeth Campbell from the Commonwealth Corporation.


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Dialogues by Doc - Responses to questions about Linux
|Apr 17, 2007
|Michael E, Callahan
|Related OS:
April 18, 2007
Michael E. Callahan aka Dr. File Finder
This week I respond to emails I've received about the editorial serieson Linux that's currently running. Main question is, "We thought Linuxwas free?" Listen in as I explain my take on Linux and cost.
To hear this audio in an external player, click here.
I hope you'll enjoy these podcasts and be sure to subscribe so you'llautomatically be updated when a new one is posted every Wednesday.
This podcast recorded, edited, and mixed using
Michael E. Callahan, known around the world by the trademarked name Dr. File Finder, is regarded as the world's leading expert on shareware. Dr. File Finder works with software programs and developers full-time, and in the average year he evaluates 10,000 programs. Since 1982 he has evaluated over 250,000 software and hardware products. Mr. Callahan began evaluating software online in 1982 and no one has been at it longer. He currently works doing online PR and marketing for software companies, and is the Senior Content Producer for Butterscotch.Com.


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BATON ROUGE, LA (WAFB) - Last week USA Today ran a story alleging that Tyrann Mathieu had failed more than 10 drug tests before he was suspended in college.
In the story an unnamed NFL assistant coach told USA Today when asked how many drug tests Mathieu had failed, the former LSU star said, "I quit counting at 10. I really don't know."
LSU, and Mathieu both disputed the report."It is irresponsible and shows a lack of integrity for anyone to disclose medical information regardless of how it was gathered," Mathieu said.
Thursday morning head coach Les Miles was guest on NFL AM. He said he stands by LSU's drug testing program, but he does not know how many drug tests Mathieu had failed.
"I don't really have the numbers there," Miles said. "I would be remiss to comment on number. I can tell you this: We have tested, re-tested, completely tested and tested twice in weeks at times. So just because there's a number reported, I don't know if that would be low or high, to be honest with you, and I can only tell you that it was based on our ability to treat and help. And so I don't really know exactly what Ty's specifics were, but I stand by our policy, and it really did help, in some way, identify a problem."
It should be noted that it has typically been Miles' policy not to comment on team personnel matters and this might very well have been the case with Thursday's interview.
Last week Director of Athletics Joe Alleva also expressed confidence in LSU's substance abuse program.
"LSU has a strong substance abuse program that tries to identify and assist in the treatment and long term recovery process of drug use and abuse, and it is a program we would put up against any in the country," Alleva said. "Once a substance abuse problem is identified, LSU is diligent in tracking those individuals over extended periods of time with frequent testing and engages them in meaningful opportunities for support through counseling and substance abuse treatment."
Copyright 2013 WAFB. All rights reserved.


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Mar 24, 2007
Head coach George Husack, on match: "Today was a good team effort. We rebounded well with plenty of energy and solid execution. There were many contributors to the victory and it was enjoyed by all."
Husack, looking ahead to Stanford: "We'll have a light hit tomorrow at Stanford and rest up for our biggest match of the season on Monday. We're looking forward to the opportunity to face the most successful program in college tennis history and we'll be ready to go."


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One Direction Premieres 'One Way Or Another' Video - Watch Now!
It's finally here – One Direction has released their music video for "One Way or Another"!
The guys – Liam Payne, Louis Tomlinson, Zayn Malik, Niall Horan, and Harry Styles – made the video themselves to help raise money for the British charity Comic Relief.
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of One Direction
"SO…who saw boys performing #OneWayOrAnother?! We've got another surprise…the official video will be LIVE at midnight UK time! 1DHQx" they tweeted.
You'll get a glimpse at 1D in London, Africa, New York, and even in the shower!
Watch the "One Way or Another" video below!
WHAT DO YOU THINK of the video?
Posted to: One Direction


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Learn from experienced counselors, gain clinical experience and take compassion to the next level as a Graduate Counseling student at JBU. Our programs are widely known for producing excellent counselors and therapists. With an average passage rate of over 90% on national board exams and an emphasis on clinical preparation, JBU trains you to master counseling.
JBU Graduate Counseling faculty are more than just great teachers; they're licensed counselors who continue to work with clients to bring hope to a hurting world.
With evening classes and courses offered in multiple locations, you can earn your counseling degree while continuing to work full-time, or you can choose to be a full-time student on our main campus in Siloam Springs and earn your degree more quickly.
JBU's CARE Clinics – located in Fort Smith, Little Rock and Siloam Springs – provide our students real-world counseling opportunities while offering affordable counseling services to the communities we serve.
John Brown University is an Approved Continuing Education Provider for the National Board of Certified Counselors.
Learn More


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Think before you print
Easy ways to reduce wasteful paper usePost in-house reminders near copy machines or individual desktops
- Use catchy slogans like: "Do you really need to print that?" or "Do you know how many sheets of paper you used last month?"
- Create systems that allow staff to measure how many print copies they are personally responsible for each month. Most people are shocked to find out how much the consume. This knowledge will motivate people to reduce their personal paper footprint.
- By tracking individual printing quantities, staff will be able to measure changes over time. One way to promote less printing is by running in-house competitions for "Paper Saving Champion" of the month – whoever prints the least copies wins!
- Undergo an inventory to identify past printing jobs for which too many copies were ordered. This will help ensure that the quantity ordered matches demand for printing jobs in the future.
- Publicize the results of your inventory in-house on the office notice board or in the company newsletter.
- Create a checklist for those departments which order informational materials. The checklist should include asking:
- How many required recipients and back-up copies are needed.
- Are you sure these target groups will need a hard copy of the report or is it enough to point them to a website?
- Do they need to be proactively sent the hard copy or is it sufficient to make it available upon request?
- Do you need in-house copies for all staff or can copies be held in communal areas/on notice boards?
- How many reserve copies do you require and why? For what events or purposes?
- Who will distribute or oversee the distribution of the reserve copies?
- Eliminate outdated or unnecessary recipients.
- See if destinations with many recipients can make do with fewer copies.
- When you hold a meeting, do you really need to have hard copies of preparatory materials available for each participant?
- Encourage people to use their computers for reviewing documents and note-making
- Make sure meeting participants have electronic access to all the materials beforehand. Encourage those using computers not to print out copies. If you must, supply additional materials at the meeting. Consider burning CDs for all participants.
- Make copies "as needed" rather than in large batches at one time. Frequently, extra copies of important internal documents become outdated quickly and only end up being discarded. Making copies as needed can reduce this problem significantly.


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Faculty information
Faculty members participating in the commencement exercises should gather in the Arthur Buswell Pioneer Room in the Carlson Center by 12:45 p.m. on May 12.
Rent commencement regalia from the UAF Bookstore by April 1.
The deadline for renting commencement regalia from the UAF Bookstore's online service passed April 1. If faculty members miss the deadline for ordering rental regalia, standard-quality caps, gowns and tassels can be purchased at the Bookstore. Hoods will be limited to what is on hand for Masters' degrees and all will bear UAF colors.There will be no additional PhD hoods for rent. Exceptions can be made to expedite correct hood colors and degrees on a case-by-case basis; these will be subject to increased shipping cost.
All faculty orders placed by the aforementioned deadline will be shipped as a group to the UAF Bookstore with the faculty member's name on each individual order. Regalia rentals can be picked up and paid for at the UAF Bookstore. All rental regalia should be returned to the Bookstore within 10 days after commencement.
For more information contact Heather Saunders at 474-5778.


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Nepenthes attenboroughii
|Scope: Global
Language: English
|Scientific Name:
|Nepenthes attenboroughii A.S.Rob., S.McPherson & V.Heinrich
Common Name(s):
|Taxonomic Source(s):
|Robinson, A.S., Fleischmann, A.S., McPherson, S.R., Heinrich, V.B., Girnoella, E.P. and Peña, C.Q. 2009. A spectacular new species of Nepenthes L. (Nepenthaceae) pitcher plant from central Palawan, Philippines. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 159: 195-202.
|Taxonomic Notes:
|Morphological features suggest that this species is closely related to Nepenthes rajah Hook f. on Borneo, as well as to N. mira Jebb & Cheek and N. mantalingajanensis Nerz & Wistuba, also of Palawan.
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Critically Endangered B1ab(v)+2ab(v) ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
Needs updating
|Robinson, A.S. & Madulid, D.A.
|Clarke, C.M. & Cantley, R.
Attenborough's Pitcher Plant (Nepenthes attenboroughii) is known only from the summit region of Mount Victoria, occurring in a narrow elevational band. The species therefore occupies a small geographical area (significantly below 10 km²), and has a low population density (less than one plant per 20 m²), estimated by random quadrats and by eye.
Species from this genus are routinely poached from the wild in Palawan where, as is common throughout the Philippine archipelago, the curiosity and monetary value of the plants far exceeds their conservation value, which is poorly emphasized to anyone but visiting tourists.
Attenborough's Pitcher Plant will attract such attention given its large size, beautiful pitchers and rarity. There were signs of plant removal present at Mount Victoria, the only known locality for this species. Given their slow growth and low seed viability, the species may be very much subject to population decline even from low collection pressures.
|Range Description:
|This plant is known only from Mount Victoria (1,726 m) in central Palawan, Philippines, where it is found on ultramafic slopes from 1,600 m to the summit (Robinson et al. 2009). Three colonies are now known, but the total area occupied by the species comprises a few hundred square metres on each side of the summit region, and therefore is significantly below 10 km² (Robinson et al. 2009).
|Countries occurrence:
|Additional data:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|Plants grow singly or in sparsely scattered groups of a few individuals (density less than one plant per 20 m²), therefore the known population of two colonies consists of only a few hundred individuals (Robinson et al. 2009).
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|This carnivorous plant occurs on nickel/magnesium-rich, ultramafic soils only, and mainly in high altitude shrubland. The species is dioecious (i.e., male and female plants exist), with a slight male bias. Any decrease in the population will therefore have a greater impact on reproductive potential as no single plant can reproduce itself in the absence of plants of the opposite sex.
|Use and Trade:
Nepenthes are routinely poached from the wild in Palawan. This species has high horticultural value, but as a newly described species, currently it has a very limited penetration into this market.
Trade in this species is unknown, but seeds collected during the expedition that identified the species are held by the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew with the intention of institutional, non-profit dissemination by in-vitro culture.
|Major Threat(s):
|The main threat to this species is from poaching; the mountain is relatively inaccessible to casual hikers, therefore potential for habitat destruction is limited, but the monetary value of these plants is high, particularly on the Taiwanese and Japanese markets. A nickel mine operates at the base of the mountain; currently, operations have been suspended but the area, including the summit, has been prospected for other potential mining activities.
|Conservation Actions:
|There are no in situ conservation measures currently in place for this species. Mount Victoria is subject to mining at its base and has no status as a 'Protected Area' (the local designation for National Parks). However, all plants of the genus Nepenthes are included in Appendix II of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).
IUCN. 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (ver. 2012.1). Available at: http://www.iucnredlist.org. (Accessed: 19 June 2012).
Robinson, A.S., Fleischmann, A.S., McPherson, S.R., Heinrich, V.B., Girnoella, E.P. and Peña, C.Q. 2009. A spectacular new species of Nepenthes L. (Nepenthaceae) pitcher plant from central Palawan, Philippines. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 159: 195-202.
|Robinson, A.S. & Madulid, D.A. 2012. Nepenthes attenboroughii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012: e.T159126A790335. . Downloaded on 20 September 2018.
|To make use of this information, please check the <Terms of Use>.
|If you see any errors or have any questions or suggestions on what is shown on this page, please provide us with feedback so that we can correct or extend the information provided


text:
Most parents recognize the importance of a healthy lifestyle for their children and limit TV watching to encourage healthy habits. As if you needed another reason to turn off the screen, a new study suggests that TV watching leads to larger waistlines and weaker leg muscles in children, reports TIME.com.
While many studies have shown the negative effects of TV watching on health, the new study, published in the International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, looked at more than 1300 children and recognized a concrete link between screen exposure and fitness.
PLUS: Too Much TV for Tots Poses Long-Term Harm
Parents of the children in the study provided the hours their children spent watching TV between the ages of 2.5 and 4.5. Researchers found that for each additional hour of weekly TV, children's waist size increased by just less than half a millimeter by the time children entered elementary school. While it may not sound like much, those incremental increases add up—ultimately meaning that a child who watches 18 hours of TV per week at age 4.5 will have added an extra 7.6 mm (0.3 in.) to his waist by age 10.
Aside from weighing more, children in the study who watched more TV also had less strength in their leg muscles. The study found that for every weekly hour of TV watching, children decreased a third of a centimeter in long jump distance. Since long jump performance indicates necessary ability for team sports such as basketball or football, students who watched more TV performed worse at these sports.
PLUS: TV Time: A Guide for Setting Limits
According to guidelines by the American Academy of Pediatrics, children over the age of two should not watch more than two hours of TV a day.
How much TV do you let your children watch? Will the results of this study affect how much screen time you allow your kids?


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From Openmoko
SipDroid provides a SIP/VoIP-Client to your Freerunner with Android by adding native SIP/VoIP to Android's dialer/contacts. You are able to make and receive calls over Wifi, 3G, and EDGE with good voice quality and low delay. SipDroid is capable to receive a Video-SIP/VoIP-Call. Sending Video is not possible with your Freerunner because a Camera is missing.
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See sipdroid.org for configuration tutorials.


text:
© ® The Nobel Foundation
IPCC honoured with the 2007 Nobel Peace Prize
Phone: +41-22-730-8208/84 e-mail:
High-latitude coasts are highly susceptible to a combination of climate change
impacts in addition to sea-level rise, particularly where developed in ice-bonded
but otherwise unlithified sediments. In this context, atmospheric warming affects
ground-surface temperatures and thaw, as well as SST and sea ice.
Ground temperatures determine the presence of perennially frozen ground (permafrost),
which often contains large volumes of excess ice that may occur in the form
of massive ice. The seasonal cycle of ground and nearshore seawater temperatures
determines the depth of the seasonally active thaw layer in high-latitude beaches
and the nearshore, with implications for limiting beach scour during storms
(Nairn et al., 1998). Deepening of the active layer (Vyalov et al., 1998) also
can lead to melting of near-surface massive ice and may trigger additional coastal
slope failure (Dallimore et al., 1996; Shaw et al., 1998b).
Rapid coastal retreat already is common along ice-rich coasts of the Beaufort
Sea in northwestern Canada (e.g., Dallimore et al., 1996), the United States,
and the Russian Arctic (e.g., Are, 1998). Where communities are located in ice-rich
terrain along the shore, warmer temperatures combined with increased shoreline
erosion can have a very severe impact. For example, at Tuktoyaktukthe
main community, port, and offshore supply base on the Canadian Beaufort sea
coastmany structures are located over massive ice along eroding shore
(Wolfe et al., 1998).
Coastal recession rates along the Arctic coast also are controlled by wave
energy during the short open-water season. An early study based on historical
records of shoreline recession, combined with hindcast waves derived from measured
wind and observed ice distributions, showed that coastal recession rates at
several sites are correlated with open-water fetch, storminess, and wave energy.
Using estimates of less extensive ice distribution under a doubled-CO2 atmosphere,
Solomon et al. (1994) were able to demonstrate an increase in coastal erosion
rates to a mean value comparable to the maximum observed rates under present
climate conditions. In the Canadian Arctic Archipelago region, where many fine-grained
(mud and sand) shorelines and deltas now experience almost zero wave energy
(e.g., Forbes and Taylor, 1994), any increase in open water will lead to rapid
reworking and potentially substantial shoreline retreat.
Sea ice may erode the seabed in the nearshore zone, but it also may supply
shoreface sediments to the nearshore and beach (Reimnitz et al., 1990; Héquette
et al., 1995). Thinner ice or later freeze-up resulting from climate warming
may lead to changes in nearshore ice dynamics and associated sediment transport.
Warmer temperatures and associated changes in winter sea-ice distribution at
mid-latitudes are expected to have a negative impact on coastal stability. Rapidly
eroding sandy coasts in the southern Gulf of St. Lawrence are partially protected
in winter by development of an icefoot and nearshore ice complex. The strongest
storms and most persistent onshore winds occur in winter, partially overlapping
the ice season. Severe erosion in recent years has been linked to warmer winters
with late freeze-upan anticipated outcome of greenhouse warming (Forbes
et al., 1997b).
Table of contents
IPCC Homepage


text:
The native Indians were living here seasonally as early as 4000 BC. Evidence of early settlement remains today in the form of a 3400 year old "Indian shell ring" in Hilton Head Island's Sea Pines Forest Preserve.
Written history began 500 years ago with the discovery of the area by Spanish Captain Pedro de Salaza in 1514. Thus, Beaufort County was the site of the second landing on the North American continent by Europeans, in 1514. The first landing --Ponce de Leon at St. Augustine-- was only a year earlier.
The seaport of Beaufort is located at the head of one of the largest natural harbors on the Atlantic coast, which explains the early interest of the Spanish and French explorers that followed . When they sailed up the sound in the 1520's, they found a land inhabited by many small tribes of Native Americans, the largest of which were the Cherokees and the Catawbas.
French explorers visited this area long before the English arrived. In 1562, Captain Jean Ribaut and his Frenchmen entered the sound which he named Port Royal. They settled near the present town of Port Royal. As they were Huguenots, this was the first Protestant settlement in the United States.
When Ribaut returned to France for reinforcements the soldiers who were left behind revolted, built themselves a ship, and sailed for France the next year. This was the first ship built in America to cross the Atlantic Ocean.
After the French fled, Spaniards from Florida built Fort San Felipe on Parris Island in 1566 and made the new settlement there, known as Santa Elena, the capital of La Florida Province. In 1576, under attack from Native Americans, Santa Elena was abandoned, but the fort was rebuilt the next year. Archeologists have positively determined the location to be on the Parris Island golf course.
In 1587, England's Elizabeth I sent Sir Francis Drake to drive the Spanish from "La Florida". The Spanish decided to concentrate their forces in St. Augustine, and withdrew from Santa Elena.
South Carolina was again left to the Native Americans. But, English development plans formally began on March 24, 1663, when King Charles II granted the Coastal Area to 8 Lord Proprietors. They named their territory "Carolina" in honor of King Charles I.
Hilton Head Island is named for the English sea captain William Hilton who was hired by a syndicate of Barbadian planters. He sighted the high bluffs of the island in August of 1663, while exploring the Port Royal Sound, and named it for himself, "Hilton Head," referring to the headlands visible as they sailed the uncharted waters. Within a few years, the English had established the first permanent European settlement of South Carolina at Albemarle Point, near present-day Charleston, on the Ashley River in 1670. The proprietors' first settlers included many Barbadians, and South Carolina came to resemble more closely the plantation economy of the West Indies than did the other mainland colonies.
The Scots arrived in the area in 1686. The first trade was with the Indians for deer skins, a valuable commodity back in England, but indigo became the first cash crop. The climate and soil on the Sea Islands were favorable for its growth, and England was a great market for indigo.
Carolina was divided in 1710 into South Carolina and North Carolina
Indian attacks, sponsored by the Spanish, continued to harrass the settlers in the area. The Yemassee Indians were particularly fierce. Settlement of Savannah and the colony of Georgia was encouraged so as to set up a buffer from the Indians --in particular the area around Beaufort where indigo was thriving. Indians last significantly threatened the colony's existence in the Yemassee War of 1715.
Settlers from the British Isles, France, and other parts of Europe built plantations throughout the coastal Lowcountry. Beaufort, the second oldest town in South Carolina, was founded in 1711. Both Beaufort County and its county seat of Beaufort were named for Henry Somerset, Duke of Beaufort (1684-1714), one of the Lords Proprietors of Carolina.
African slaves were brought into the colony in large numbers to provide labor for the plantations, and by 1720 they formed the majority of the population. The ports of Georgetown, Charleston, and Beaufort became important centers of commerce and culture. In the years before the Civil War, rice, indigo, and sea island cotton plantations brought great wealth to the entire Lowcountry region.
Parris Island, (Santa Elena) was bought in 1715 by Alexander Parris, Public Treasurer of South Carolina.
In 1717, For acts of bravery in quelling the rioting Yemassee Indians, Col. John Barnwell was granted a thousand acres on the NW corner of Hilton Head Island by the Lord Proprietors. He became the first white settler. By 1766, approximately 25 families lived on Hilton Head Island.
Beaufort County was formed in 1769 from the parishes of Prince William, St. Luke, St. Helena, and St. Peter.
Thomas Hayward, Jr., a local rice plantation owner, signed the Declaration of Independence.
As talk of Revolution escalated in the Colonies, Hilton Head Island sided with the Colonists. Daufuskie Island, just 1 mile south, was occupied by the Tories and was a British stronghold. During the Revolution, the British frequently raided Hilton Head Island and burned plantations and captured slaves who were later sold in the West Indies. The raids continued even after Cornwallis surrendered.
South Carolina lost more men, and gave more money to the Revolutionary cause than any other Colony. More Revolutionary War battles and skirmishes were fought in South Carolina than any other colony.
England had provided the market for indigo, this vanished after the Revolution. The settlers turned to cotton. In 1790, Hilton Head Island was the first island to grow cotton. Sea island cotton became the finest cotton available in the world.
Many of the sea island plantation owners built their summer homes on the banks of the Beaufort River to catch the cool prevailing breezes. Beaufort was referred to as the "Newport of the South." The majority of the houses on the out-lying plantations, though large, were not pillared mansions.
During the War of 1812 the British again invaded Hilton Head Island and burned most of the houses located near navigable waters.
As the Civil War (expanded section) approached, Beaufort County was a focal point of secessionist sentiment, and the original Ordinance of Secession was drawn up in Beaufort.
Only seven months after the firing on Fort Sumter, a massive Federal armada steamed into Port Royal Sound and occupied the sea islands and port communities for the rest of the war. Because of this, much of Beaufort escaped the destruction of property --but the economy collapsed.
Besides freedom for the plantation slaves, the Civil War in Beaufort provided an opportunity for their Gullah culture to flourish and saw the establishment of Penn Center, then Penn Normal School, the first school for freed slaves in the South.
In 1878, a large portion of Beaufort County was removed to form Hampton County.
By 1890, Northerners again came, this time to hunt and fish the abundant game. Thousands of acres were sold to private hunt clubs for the wealthy. Hunt lands continued to expand. In 1931, remaining lands owned by the federal government were acquired as well. Access to the islands was by water only.
In 1891 a small detachment of Marines were sent to the area. The United States Marine Corps began training recruits at Parris Island in 1915. Nearly 20,000 Marines now graduate here each year.
During WW2, the Leamington Lighthouse on Hilton Head was the site of Camp McDougal. Gun emplacements along the Atlantic are still visible south as the sands shift with the tides.
Like many of the South's coastal regions, Beaufort's non-military economy in the first half of the 20th century depended upon agriculture, lumbering, and commercial fishing. Electricity and telephones were late coming to the remote regions, many small communites were not supplied until 1960. However, 1950 marks the beginning of modern development of Hilton Head, and the gradual transition of the coastal areas to resort, golf, and residential communities.
In the early '50s, Georgia investors purchased of 19,000 of Hilton Head Island's 25,000 acres. While lumbering occurred over much of the island, the southern tip became Sea Pines Plantation. Begun in 1956, Sea Pines is the site of Harbour Town and its landmark hexagonal lighthouse, world-class harbor and chic boutiques.
Dirt roads gave way to paved ones. Beautiful bridges replaced ferry boats accessing the sea islands. Residential communities were developed, often around original plantation boundaries.
Rapid growth of Hilton Head Island began in 1970. In 1983, the Town of Hilton Head was incorporated.


text:
Behavior Data Collection
Ngân sách $10-100 USD
I need an Excel template that will be used to collect 10-second interval behavior data.
I would like the therapist to start a trial by clicking a "Begin Trial" button.
The therapist will mark a character "x" in the first activecell should he/she observe a relevant behavior.
After 10 seconds, the cell offset to the right will become the activecell and again the therapist will have the opportunity to record data in that cell.
This sequence should continue for the first minute then a new row should be inserted below to accept data for subsequent 10-second intervals in the second minute.
This routine should continue, adding rows each minute, until the therapist clicks an "End Trial" button.
Cells should be outlined as they become active and the rows labeled "Minute 1", Minute 2, Minute 3 etc. as they are created.
Được trao cho:
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text:
Ayotte: Shutting down government won't de-fund 'Obamacare'By JOHN DiSTASO
Senior Political Reporter
July 31. 2013 12:06PM
Sen. Kelly Ayotte said Tuesday she supports de-funding the so-called "Obamacare" health care law but said it can't be accomplished by blocking a continuing resolution and shutting down the government.
"I have consistently opposed the implementation of Obamacare, and I've voted to repeal this deeply flawed law," the New Hampshire Republican said in a statement.
"Unfortunately, automatic spending that Democrats baked into Obamacare when the law was passed can't be undone through a vote on government funding.
"The only way autopilot spending for Obamacare can be stopped is by repealing the law, and I will continue pursuing legislative efforts to do so," she said.
A memo sent Monday from the non-partisan Congressional Research Service to Republican Sen. Tom Coburn of Oklahoma said that even if a continuing resolution to fund the government after the Sept. 30 end of the fiscal year is not passed, resulting in a government shutdown, "It appears that substantial (Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act) implementation might continue during a lapse in annual appropriations that resulted in a temporary government shutdown."
A continuing resolution addresses discretionary funding, but the ACA contains automatic, mandatory spending that would continue, according to the CRS.
Ayotte's Senate allies, some of whom may run for President in 2016, support an attempt to tie de-funding the ACA to a continuing resolution.
Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., wrote on RedState.com Tuesday, "The looming September debate on a short-term spending plan is the last best chance to (de-fund the ACA). That's why we must stand united to de-fund ObamaCare as a condition for supporting a short-term spending plan."
Sen. Rand Paul, R-Kentucky, and Ted Cruz, R-Texas, have called for de-funding the law as part of the continuing resolution.
But Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz., another Ayotte ally, said he opposes the idea of tying de-funding the ACA to a continuing resolution. He said Republicans will lose the resulting public relations battle.
"I've seen the movie before: Congress never wins," McCain told Politico.com. "They're going to shut down the Grand Canyon; we start hearing from our voters. So far, from what I've heard, there's not a lot of Republicans that believe this is the right path."
Paul was among a group of Republican senators who appeared at a Monday night fund-raiser for the New Hampshire Republican Party, organized by Ayotte, in Washington.
State Republican Chairman Jennifer Horn said Rubio had been slated to attend but was detained in Florida, but his "support was crucial to the event."
Also attending were Sens. Rob Portman, R-Ohio, and John Thune, R-S.D.
Also attending, Horn said, was former candidate for governor and the U.S. Senate Ovide Lamontagne, who now heads the Washington-based pro-life group Americans United for Life.
Horn called it "a very successful event."


text:
Lucille K. Lawrence, 81
Lucille K. (Avery) Lawrence, 81, of Beacon Avenue, passed away Thursday, June 14, 2007 at Vanderbilt
Center of Newport Hospital. She was the beloved wife of Norman E. Lawrence, Sr. for 60 years.
Born in Cook County, Ga., she was a daughter of the late William and Alice Leola Pearl (Schoffield) Avery.
Mrs. Lawrence was a bookkeeper for Independent Life Insurance Company in Jacksonville, Fla. prior to her marriage and later worked as a school bus driver for the Jamestown School Department. For ten years she worked for Greta's Florist in North Kingstown. An active member of the Central Baptist Church, she was a member of the Shepherds, was a Sunday school teacher, treasurer and assisted with the landscaping. She was a volunteer for Habitat for Humanity. Besides her husband she leaves six children, Timothy S. Lawrence and Janice C. Ryng-Dutton of Jamestown, Norman E. Lawrence, Jr. of Pennsylvania, George S. Lawrence of Everett, Wash., William A. Lawrence of New Bedford, Mass., Patricia S. Nascimento of Coventry; a brother, John A. Avery of Ray City, Ga.; a sister, Alice Frances Tatum of Jacksonville, Fla.; 11 grandchildren and nine great-grandchildren. She was predeceased by seven siblings.
A memorial service was held Tuesday at Central Baptist Church in Jamestown. Burial will be on Saturday in Brushy Creek Cemetery, Georgia. Arrangements were by Fagan-Quinn Funeral Home, North Kingstown. In lieu of flowers, memorial contributions to Habitat for Humanity of RI, Greater Providence, Box 37, Providence, RI 02907 or the American Cancer Society, 931 Jefferson Blvd., St. 304, Warwick, RI 02886 will be appreciated.


text:
.All things are beautiful if we take the time to look.Delete Topic
You see things; and you say, 'Why?' But I dream things that never were; and I say, "Why not?" George Bernard ShawDelete
Is it hot in here, or was I just engulfed in flames?
The Salmon moose!Delete
The quest for poi perfection may bring much enlightenment...
and burns
"but have you considered there is more to life than your eyelids?"
jointly owned by Fire_Spinning_Angel and Blu_Valley
A couple of balls short of a full cascade... or maybe a few cards short of a deck... we'll see how this all fans out.Delete
Live like there is no tomorrow,
dance like nobody is watching
and hula hoop like wiggling will save the world.
�What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters compared to what lies within us.�
Ralph Waldo Emerson
I'm weird. Just work through that and we'll all be fine.
"If you are a dog and your owner suggests that you wear a sweater suggest that he wear a tail." - Fran Lebowitz
- Ho Sa -
kisses & peace & love to beautiful madges
*rever le temps le prendre*
(Ice-E FyreStorm - Group Manager & Performer)
You know those people your parentals warned you about?... I'M ONE OF THEM!
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Life's too short to worry about where you put your marshmallowsDelete
(Ice-E FyreStorm - Group Manager & Performer)
You know those people your parentals warned you about?... I'M ONE OF THEM!
Yes, i do bite!!


text:
TenPoint Crossbows Exits Harrisburg Show, Offers Lifetime NRA Memberships to All of Its Employees
MOGADORE, Ohio –Rick Bednar, chairman and CEO for TenPoint Crossbow Technologies, has announced that his company will not participate in the Eastern Sports and Outdoor Show.
Bednar expressed his company's steadfast disagreement with the decision of the show management to prohibit the display and sale of Modern Sporting Rifles at its 2013 Harrisburg, Pa., event, and has decided to remove TenPoint's display from the show scheduled Feb. 2-10.
"We are taking this action to stand in solidarity with many other shooting and outdoor sporting goods manufacturers in support of the guarantees expressed in the 2nd Amendment to our Constitution," Bednar said. "We regret having to make this decision because we have supported this great consumer event nearly every year since our inception in 1994. It is unfortunate, but I believe we must take this position as a matter of principle."
To underscore his decision, Bednar has also decided to purchase lifetime NRA memberships for all TenPoint employees who wish to have one.
"The NRA, more than any other entity, has led the effort to protect of our right to own and bear arms," Bednar said. "The best way to support their effort is to grow the ranks of their membership."
"The NRA mission, however, encompasses greater goals than simply protecting our right to bear arms," Bednar continued. "Before we opened our doors for business, we crafted a Corporate Statement that guides our decision making process, and we think it is compatible with the NRA's larger view.
"In part, this Statement has motivated us to support their efforts. Its last sentence states that, '… we are committed to the care and conservation of our land, water and air; to the humane and responsible management of our wildlife and to the preservation and expansion of recreational shooting and hunting.' We believe the NRA shares a similar view."


text:
Acipenser nudiventris
|Scope: Global
Language: English
|Scientific Name:
|Acipenser nudiventris Lovetsky, 1828
|Infra-specific Taxa Assessed:
|Regional Assessments:
Common Name(s):
|Red List Category & Criteria:
|Critically Endangered A2cde ver 3.1
|Year Published:
|Date Assessed:
|Gesner, J., Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M.
|Pourkazemi, M. & Smith, K.
The species is known from the Black, Aral and Caspian seas. However, it is extirpated from the Aral Sea, nearly extirpated in the Black Sea basin and there are only occasional records from lower Volga. The only remaining population occurs in the rivers Ural (Russia, Kazakhstan) and possibly the Rioni (Georgia - last recorded 1997 through bycatch; there are no recent surveys), and possibly the Safid Rud (seven individuals recorded in 2002) in Iran. In Europe, it is thought that few individuals exist in the Danube - indeed it is considered possibly extinct. Even though there is no catch data it is suspected that the species has undergone a population decline of more than 90% in the past three generations (estimated at 45 years) which is expected to continue. It is believed the species is on the verge of global extinction. The largest population is in Lake Balkash (introduced for commercial reasons) which is outside the species natural range.
|Previously published Red List assessments:
|Range Description:
|This species has been recorded from the Black, Azov, Caspian and Aral Seas, and some rivers (Danube up to Bratislava, Volga up to Kazan, Ural up to Chkalov, Don and Kuban, Rioni). It was introduced to Lake Balkhash (Kazakhstan), to the upper Illi River in China, and to River Syr-Darya (Aral basin) in the 1960s.
|Countries occurrence:
Native:Azerbaijan; Georgia; Hungary; Iran, Islamic Republic of; Kazakhstan; Russian Federation; Serbia; Turkey
Possibly extinct:Romania
|FAO Marine Fishing Areas:
Mediterranean and Black Sea
|Additional data:
|Range Map:
|Click here to open the map viewer and explore range.
|It is currently known from the Caspian Sea, where it ascends only the Ural river (where it naturally reproduces) and the Sefid Rud River (where there is no natural reproduction), where 5 fish were caught in 2002 (Parandavar et al. 2009). In the Black Sea, it ascends the Rioni (last recorded 1997 through bycatch (Zarkua pers. comm.)). In the Danube it was last recorded in 2003 in Serbia at Apatin (released alive) and in 2005 in Mura in Hungary (killed); both these caught fish were males (Simonovic et al. 2003; Streibel pers. comm.). In Romania, according to a fisherman survey carried out between 1996-2001, 15 individuals were caught by Romanian fishermen (last scientifically recorded in 1950s) (Suciu et al. 2009) .
Little catch data is available. It has not been caught in Ukraine for the past 30 years. In Kasakhstan 12 tonnes were caught in 1990, 26 tonnes in 1999; in Iran 1.9 tonnes were caught in 1990, 21 tonnes in 1999 (CITES Doc. AC.16.7.2), and 1 ton in 2005/6, with 0.5-1% of total sturgeon catch in Iran belonging to this species (in past 20 years) (Pourkazemi pers. comm.). According to Caspian Aquatic Bioresource Commission (CAB), since 2001/2 export quota for caviar is zero for all Caspian range states.
|Current Population Trend:
|Additional data:
|Habitat and Ecology:
|Habitat : At sea, close to shores and estuaries. In freshwater, deep stretches of large rivers. Juveniles in shallow riverine habitats. This species spawns in strong-current habitats in main courses of large and deep rivers on stone or gravel bottom.
Biology: Anadromous (spending at least part of its life in salt water and returning to rivers to breed), with some non-migratory freshwater populations. Males reproduce for the first time at 6-15 years, females at 12-22, with an average generation length of 15 years (but in the Danube, the average population age has now increased and in the Caspian Sea, the average population age is decreasing because of overharvesting). In most drainages, there are two migration runs, in spring and autumn. Individuals migrating in autumn remain in the river until the following spring to spawn. Females reproduce every 2-3 and males every 1-2 years in March-May and at temperatures above 10°C. Most juveniles move to sea in their first summer and remain there until maturity. Some individuals remain in freshwater for a longer period. Feeds on a wide variety of benthic fishes, molluscs and crustaceans.
This species has the highest relative fecundity for any sturgeon species (Chebanov pers. comm.).
|Freshwater; Marine
|Generation Length (years):
|Movement patterns:
|Full Migrant
|Use and Trade:
Skin is used as leather, Caviar is used as cosmetic and medicinal purposes. The cartilage is used medicinal use, the intestine is used as sauce (food) and to produce gelatine, and the swim bladder is used as glue.
Natural and ranched individuals are used from Kazakstan, ranched from Iran, captive bred from Russia. All international trade is historical as trade was banned from 2001. However some illegal trade does exist.
|Major Threat(s):
Over harvesting, bycatch and illegal fishing (poaching) along with dams, water abstraction and drought has led to the loss of spawning habitats/ground and has caused massive population declines. In the Caspian Sea and Sea of Azov the illegal sturgeon catch for all species was evaluated to be 6 to 10 times the legal catch (CITES Doc. AC.16.7.2).
Transfers of A. stellatus from the Caspian Sea, carrying a nematode parasite, were introduced to the Aral sea in the late 1960s and along with increasing salinity, helped cause the extirpation of A. nudiventris in the Aral sea within a few years (Gessner, J. pers. comm.).
The Allee affect is also a potential threat to the species (Gessner, J. pers comm.).
Hybridisation between this species and all sturgeons and especially A. stellatus occurs in freshwater naturally (Chebanov pers. Com.).
|Conservation Actions:
|There is a zero quota of exporting of Caviar (CAB) but there is still a catch for domestic use. Iran and Russia have established gene bank conservation for this species for both live specimens and cryopreservation with DNA and tissue samples. The 2004 progeny have been produced from captive bred individuals - juveniles were released into the Don and Kuban rivers - and there are between 15 and 20 'farms' in Russia (Chebenov pers comm.). In Iran 80,000-1 million fingerlings (3-5 g each) (from ranched individuals) are released annually to the Caspian Sea (Pourkazemi pers comm.). This species was listed on CITES Appendix II in 1998.
|Gesner, J., Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M. 2010. Acipenser nudiventris. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2010: e.T225A13038215. . Downloaded on 20 September 2018.
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