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Thursday, September 25, 2008
Pete Emslie Wants To Know...
Hey John,
I've been reading all the comments on your recent post about specific
vs generic designs as they apply to Indians in cartoons. I had been
planning to write up something similar myself, only in regard to
blacks and the art of cartoons and caricatures. About a week ago I'd
even sketched a few faces from this series of mug shots you'd posted
recently of the "Baggy Pants Gang", with the idea of showing how
different individuals can look, while still retaining those features
that are common to their race, such as the wide, flared nostrils,
thicker lips, and dark hair and eyes.
Anyway, before I go ahead and write something up for my blog, I'd like
to offer you first dibs on this. Fact is, you get much more traffic on
your site with a more far-reaching readership, so I'd be happy to let
you use these if you'd like to post a follow up to your Indian topic
relating specifically to the visual portrayal of blacks. In fact, I'd
even suggest asking your readers outright whether or not they consider
my cartoons of these dudes to be racist, when they are so obviously
based on existing humans. It would be interesting to me to hear their
opinions. By the way, don't feel bad if you'd rather not use them, as
I'm just offering them to you as a courtesy between friends. I just
think it would have a lot more impact on your site than mine. Let me
know what you think.
Hi Pete,
those are all good drawings but to me, defeat the purpose of caricature. Caricatures are meant to be funnier than the subjects, not sweeter.
Anyone who wears his pants under his exposed bvds in public invites brutally honest ridicule and satire, he shouldn't expect a reward of pretty flattery. "Thank you for being rude and stupid. What else would you like to get away with?" And I don't care what race you are.
Cartoonists should provide equal opportunity ridicule.
Cartoons and comedy shouldn't be apologies for actual human appearance, behavior and personalities; they should make fun of it. Most people with a sense of humor can especially laugh at themselves. All races and cultures in most times enjoy a good joke based on themselves.
They still mostly do today, but are afraid to admit it in public, because of the PC police.
54 comments:
- Toole said...
I love the Bill O'rielly one that made me laugh.
- JohnK said...
Thank you. He is a good subject. He provides tons of laughs.
- SoleilSmile said...
In regards to Pete's post: Why is he using mug shots?
Use Taye Diggs, Micheal Jordan, Larry Fishbourne, Blair Underwood, Morgan Freeman and other GOOD LOOKING SUCCESSFUL Blacks to characature.
There was even a charming engineer who helped host a commercial encouraging young people to take an interest in math and science during the Olympics. I think Chevron sponsored the commercial. It ran incessantly! You could not have missed it!
Blacks are sick and tired of being viewed through criminals.
Ignore the criminals, choose the hard working professional who is sitting RIGHT NEXT TO YOU as the model for your character designs.
- JohnK said...
I think you are missing the point, Ashanti. No one wants to watch cartoons about decent, normal people. Well...except executives.
These guys aren't real criminals anyway. They got arrested for being rude and stupid.
"Blacks are sick and tired of being viewed through criminals. " If they are then, why is Rap so successful and why do black stars glorify it?
believe me, I'm more sick of it than you are. Give me Fats Waller or Cab Calloway anytime. Style, personality, talent and fun.
- Nikita said...
I actually have done some charicatures where I would draw it more realistic and super detail it, and my friends would freak cause it would be them but their features would be all out and from the way I normally draw it's completely unexpected. they thought it was ugly and funny too and I used to be worried that it looked more like a cartoon than a person. not so much anymore thanks to these..
- Kali Fontecchio said...
I like Pete's flatteratures.
- Kali Fontecchio said...
I also like yours Johnnie, but you need some new ones.
- JohnK said...
And risk offending all the white people I make fun of?
- Vanoni! said...
This is close to my heart as I have recently started drawing at a theme park and have taken to doing 'Flatteratures".
It started as a money thing - flattering caricatures bring in more customers and make me more money - but toward the end of the season - I felt like I was doing a huge disservice to myself.
Blacks, by the way, seem to run the widest gamut at the park in my eyes, being the easiest offended at a well exaggerated caricature - but also making the biggest whoops and hollers when they appreciate a well exaggerated caricature.
And not to poke a stick in the hornet's nest but if I looked at those photos out of context I wouldn't necessarily recognize them as mug shots - and I certainly don't think Pete's faces look like criminals.
Every time I see a black person I don't immediately think
< nerdywhitevoice >
"there goes. . .a delinquent!"
< /nerdywhitevoice >
Sheesh indeed.
- Pete Emslie said...
Hi Soleil,
I'll admit that by drawing from these mug shots I am being deliberately provocative, but you see, this is the reason that I take exception to your basic argument. You're suggesting both here and in your previous comments that there should be a balancing out of the good and the bad. First of all, that assumes that I have not already drawn famous and successful Black personalities, although I question why they must be, by your definition, "Good Looking" as well. You'll see my caricature of Whoopi Goldberg on my website, as well as a sketch of Oscar Peterson, whom I admired greatly, on my blog in memorium to to his passing. Both of them are successful and intelligent people, though I would hardly call either of them highly attractive physically. Yet, why should that matter? Isn't caricature a celebration of the human face and figure, in all of its uniqueness, warts and all?
The only area where John and I may differ a bit is in our chosen approach to caricature. I rarely go for the jugular in my caricatures, as I don't often have an axe to grind with my subject. Perhaps the only celebrity that I drew with a poison pen was former Disney CEO, Michael Eisner, whom I passionately despised at the time. Aside from that, I seek neither to flatter nor ridicule my subject, but to simply capture both their physical likeness and their personality through my drawings that are more designed than distorted. That is all I was doing with these caricatures of the dudes in the mug shots - caricaturing what was already there to begin with.
As to your assertion that "Blacks are sick and tired of being viewed through criminals", I couldn't agree more. So how come then, when men like Barack Obama, and Bill Cosby before him, confront head on the problem of young Black men who shirk personal responsibility when fathering children out of wedlock and joining gangs, are then criticized by other men like Jesse Jackson (caught unknowingly on camera with the mic still on) for being down on their own kind? Unless this problem is confronted, it will continue to persist, leaving a tragic trail of despair in its wake. That's why I like Obama much more than the hypocritical Jesse Jackson.
I'm also sick and tired of Blacks being seen as criminals, yet the image of the baggy pants "Gangsta" rapper not only persists, but is publically condoned by an ultraliberal society that has been cowed into not saying anything critical, lest one be pegged as "racist". Personally, I hate rap music and have been called racist for being quite vocal in my opinion of it as crap. Yet my own CD collection contains numerous recordings by the likes of Sammy, Nat, Ella, Satchmo, and the aforementioned Oscar Peterson, all of whom I respected and admired greatly as superior musicians. But we're not seeing too many performers on the Black entertainment scene like them anymore and it is rap that has the highest profile today. That being the case, why shouldn't we as cartoonists use our art to comment on this sad state of affairs? Shouldn't anyone be fair game for caricature? Why should anybody of any race, religion, sex or "character type" be excluded from our attention? For my part, I just love drawing faces, in all of their wonderful uniqueness of design. These caricatures from the mug shots were just intended to show the variety of physical individuality among a group of similar "character types", nothing more, nothing less. So honestly, what's wrong with that?
- SoleilSmile said...
"Blacks are sick and tired of being viewed through criminals. " If they are then, why is Rap so successful and why do black stars glorify it?"
John that is an ongoing problem between the two classes of Blacks. It's been around since the house vs. field slave dynamic of the pre-emancipation era.
It's also hard to label the two factions as well. We have plenty of mean labels for each other, but no formal polite term. The two classes are not defined by economic but rather behavior.
Let's just say that that demographic of Blacks who glorify gangster rap and every other idiotic idiosyncrasy Blacks have been labeled wit are one group. In contrast the Huxtable, Hilton type of Black that Bill Cosby portrayed (note the insignificance of incomes) is the other group that condemns gangster rap and it's ilk.
I'm sorry to be a spoiled sport John, but decent Blacks are just so sick of being ignored. Thank goodness Bill Cosby snapped at the podium and told the "chitlin crowd" (one of rude names for that group) that decent Blacks are sick of them running away with our culture and we're not going to take it anymore!
Ok, off my soap box.
- JohnK said...
Well, again Ashanti, "decent" isn't very funny.
My favorite comedic caricatures of white people are "The Honeymooners" The Three Stooges, Archie Bunker, The Beverly Hillbillies, Jack Benny etc.
I loved Bill Cosby's Fat Albert routines (but despise the cartoons). All those characters were very ethnic, very specific and very funny all at the same time.
I also like Eddie Murphy, Chris Rock, Richard Pryor. None of these guys portray decency. They would be broke if they did.
Comedy is about faults and foibles, not about characters you look up to.
That's for church, not for comedy, cartoons or any kind of entertainment.
The kind of black characters you seem to be condoning are people who want to bury their ethnicity and be lost within the whitewashing of today's American homogeneity.
- SoleilSmile said...
Peter, sorry for being imbalanced. Ugly is fine, but flatter with the personality. Whoopi has a greatest mouth. She also has a great earth mother style. That should be loads to work with.
I am more of an action adventure genre character designer, so I always flatter those I characature. However, even in comedy, there is an opportunity for appeal. Remember John's Chuck Jones oaf posts? Those guys are large and dumpy, but still cute in their dumpiness. You wouldn't run out of the room in fright after seeing these guys.However I wold with the characters you designed. I' sorry to say that so bluntly. Part of the appeal is the acting in those Ben Washam (?) drawings. Remember that acting is part of a character designers job just as much as the animators. Now go try again. Put these same characters in a vignette and perhaps keep the crows from Dumbo in the back of your mind. Those crows fit the definition of crows, they discouraged Dumbo from bettering himself, when he was down. But remember they changed for the better and even before they changed they were still charming, so you knew there was a hint good in them somewhere. Timothy mouse just had given one powerful sermon to coax the good bits out of them:)
- JohnK said...
"You wouldn't run out of the room in fright after seeing these guys.However I wold with the characters you designed."
I'm confused. They look just like the Proud Family - only cuter, more specific and more appealing. They look more like a boy's choir group than street thugs.
They would fit right in and improve the show by being less stereotypical "Black Cal Arts Animation Style". Pete was totally flattering while remaining specific in his caricatures. That's his style.
- Wicks for Candlesticks said...
Drawing live caricatures for a living does more harm than good. Sure it helps with speed, but you lose a lot of the funny.
I occasionally do some caricature gigs, and it really hampers my creativity. You want money? well you better slim, and pretty up the person. Haven't met many customers with a sense of humor, especially towards themselves.
A funny thing about caricature artists is that you can see who they hate and admire, based on how they draw a caricature.
I guess my point is, stay home draw people you don't know and keep working towards creating funny looking, yet appealing caricatures.
-David O.
- Pete Emslie said...
Hi Ashanti (Sorry, I only knew you as "soleilsmile" before),
It looks like we were both composing our comments at the same time, so I'm happy to see that we're both on the same page regarding Obama and Cosby. I don't know whether you've seen my caricature of Whoopi, but you can see her on my website found here:
In regards to these mugshot caricatures, I still have to disagree with you a bit. I don't feel that I am the one who "designed" these characters, at least not originally. Some might say it was God, others Mother Nature, or, as I'd say quite simply, the science of genetics is what ultimately was responsible for what they look like. As a caricaturist who interprets things visually, I'm just calling them as I see them... :)
- Kali Fontecchio said...
I don't get the argument going on.
When I drew a close of friend mine who is black, I drew him how he looks except caricatured, and gave him huge lips, because he does have huge lips. And so he drew me big-ass crooked teeth, 'cause that's the obvious caricature of me.
Could that not be looked at in a different light under the wrong context? Of course, what if he drew all his lower-middle-class friends with crooked teeth, is that a stereotype about how we can't afford braces? Out of context, anything can be looked at in anyway.
People should be more offended by what The Simpsons get away with, hiding behind their extremely generic designs, they can almost say anything without raising eyebrows. A little bit contradictory.
- SoleilSmile said...
John, "we" don't want to discard our ethnicity. I can't tell you how we are SICK of that type of comment and every variation of it thereof.
We just don't commit crimes and we aren't so loud in public that we scare the horses! Do you think Duke Ellignton behaved like an idiot in public? No! Or Nacy Wilson or W.E.B. Dubois, Booker T.Washington, or MLK? No!
There's a time and place for everything.
Here's a fun Space Jam story:
All the managers on the set wanted to meet and be friends with Micheal Jordan. They also wanted to speak Ebonics with him, which Mr. Jordan did speak---but only with his homey friends he brought on the set for company. As soon as a Whte exec came about to play, Micheal would switch off the ebonics and speak plain standard English.
As Oprah said, "we" meaning decent Blacks, know how to turn it on and off. Speak two dialects. Behave one way for business, and the relaxed poise of your own culture when you get home or are among trusted mixed company. There are too many people out there who will use our culture against us. So never show your soft underbelly on an initial meeting. It's unprofessional and to soon to trust the ruling class to interpret question aspects of our culture favorably as whole--perhaps in a about 7 more generations we can relax. Til then: When In Rome, so as the Romans.
However, that doesn't mean as a Black person can loosen up around an outsider you know, love and trust. There are just as many people who love us for our idiosyncrasies as those who disdain us. Do you get it now?
- Mr. Semaj said...
I also like Eddie Murphy, Chris Rock, Richard Pryor. None of these guys portray decency. They would be broke if they did.
Glad we got another Murphy fan around here. :)
I'd love to see a Black cartoon that doesn't condescend to PC contradictions. The PJ's was pretty close. The Proud Family just didn't cut it.
As for Obama, the fact that he made it THIS far shows exactly where Jesse Jackson and Al Sharpton went wrong. What neither of them understand is that it's their inward thinking that's been holding the Black community back and has given us the identity crisis we still face today.
- Kelly Toon said...
yeah Pete's drawings are about as far from scary as I can imagine those characters looking in any format.
Thomas Sowell wrote a fascinating book called Black Rednecks and White Liberals. Part of it traces how most of the "bad habits" we associate with poor blacks (shiftlessness, rudeness, lack of education, hostility, thuggery) were taught to the early southern slaves by the poor WHITE population, mostly comprised of Irish and Scots. Their home cultures had plenty of drinking, fighting, and working just enough to get by, if at all.
I really, really like drawing black people. Yes, there are generalizations to be made, broad noses, large nostrils, full lips . . . . but the variety amongst them is great fun to interpret. As someone posted above, when it comes to retail, black sitters can be either really touchy (better make em look tuff and their girl look super sexy) or they want something really silly and crazy. I have had so many brothers just laugh and whoop and show all of their friends, when I do one that pushes their lips and accessories. Gotta have the bling!!
Of course, this applies to just about every other category of sitters too, so . . .!!
- SoleilSmile said...
Pete, the guy on the top left is the scary one. The others are alright. I will specific this time, because obviously everyone else is non-plussed by him, whereas he makes me wanna run out of the room.
He is creepy-scary no matter what race he is. The characature just comes across as the smarmy guy all girls avoid. I usually wanna feed those kind of guys to the yak at the zoo. Keep at it, Hon'.
- Stephen Worth said...
Give me Fats Waller or Cab Calloway anytime. Style, personality, talent and fun.
In his autobiography, Cab Calloway said one of the most entertaining things he ever experienced was seeing his dancing caricatured by a ghostly cartoon walrus in a Betty Boop cartoon. Fats Waller had a great sense of humor and used cartoon caricatures in publicity too.
Here's a funny story from my Alvin & the Chipmunk days that will probably get me in trouble... Phyllis Tucker Vinson, the Head of Children's Programming at NBC at the time, decided that there weren't enough positive black role models in NBC Saturday morning shows. So she arbitrarily decided that the teacher in one of the shows that was in production at the time should be black. Ross said, "fine" and revised the character model and hired a black voice actor to do the part. He was a big guy with a deep voice kind of like Paul Robeson... not a cartoony voice, but a decent actor, which is more important.
When Phyllis Tucker Vinson heard the natural pause dialogue track, she freaked out and called us up saying, "I didn't mean THAT black! He sounds scary! Get someone else with a less ethnic sounding voice." Ross had already paid the actor for his work and the show was shipping, so he just told the guy who did almost all of the secondary characters (who was blonde and blue eyed) if he could do a black voice. He did an impression of Bill Cosby doing the Jello commercials. (not too good)
When she heard the revised track, Phyllis Tucker Vinson called Ross to complement us on finding "just the right black voice for the part". The irony of this story is that Phyllis Tucker Vinson was black herself.
See ya
- patrick said...
this has been such a great week of posts, thanks John!
As much as I love weird, gross and unflattering, I also am very drawn to and influenced by Pete Emslie's caricatures.
All in all, I agree with Kali's theory.
- chrisallison said...
If Pepe Le Peu wasn't French, he'd just be a rapist.
I don't understand how a single, specific character (or even a group of characters) translates to a broad generalization of a whole culture. Can somebody explain that?
Racism discards the idea of the individual for a generalization instead. If I'm reading this correctly, those who are offended would like you to give equal representation to the culture as a whole (the positive as well as the negative), discarding the individual characteristics of the singular person to make sure that the group as a whole is depicted.
- Aaron said...
"Drawing live caricatures for a living does more harm than good. Sure it helps with speed, but you lose a lot of the funny.
I occasionally do some caricature gigs, and it really hampers my creativity. You want money? well you better slim, and pretty up the person. Haven't met many customers with a sense of humor, especially towards themselves."
Wicks: The third sentence in that second paragraph is where your problem is. If you use the job for money, you can make good money, but if you can forget about that a little bit, it can be a great way to study faces and practice, and draw cartoons. It ain't easy though. It's not the money issue that's challanging for me, it's the people issue. People act like your friend and when they see the sketch they turn on you.
- Vanoni! said...
I guess my point is, stay home draw people you don't know and keep working towards creating funny looking, yet appealing caricatures.
The other funny thing about (live) caricaturists is I don't know if I've ever met one who's been at it more than a year or so who isn't completely bitter.
I didn't say I intended to make a living of it. I just like money.
- Jizz Wad said...
I think it really does not matter as long as it is funny and reflects actual observation. I am offended deeply by things which try something and backout or are just not entertaining, just one joke.
TV Impressionists for example, no matter how great they get the voice or the acting if there's no joke or satire going on you're wasting everyone's time. A terrible impression can be hilarious if the gags are funny or it is truly hitting on a warped version of a personality/subject.
- Oliver_A said...
Let's just be honest: we certainly wouldn't have this whole discussion now, if Pete would have been black himself. And that goes for both black and white audiences.
Which is, for me, the key point of this issue: not only the ethnicity of the characters depicted in the caricatures is important but also the ethnicity of their creator.
In consequence, people are only allowed to make fun of people their own race, which, to me, is very racist, because it practically is segregation.
You can always turn this debate into a no-win situation and say: you are racist because you only caricature white people.
How would a black person feel if a white artist honestly said: "you are black, so I make you look nicer, so I have less problems"?
Another question is, do humorous depictions of other races, when honestly done, turn someone into a hateful being? Or isn't it more relevant what the person watching these depictions, is interpreting into them based on his/her own pre-aquired system of belief?
For example, when I was a kid, I really liked watching Tom & Jerry cartoons. Unlike most young Americans in the 80's, I had the privilege to grew up with the original uncensored cartoons, with the original mammy. Never ever in my life would it have occured to me to think "yeah, huhu, work for us superior white people!". For me, she was just a mammy, simply because I wasn't raised to think that way. As a small child, I also listened to and enjoyed both black and white music, only based on what I liked musically.
So I realize now, my post comes off a bit as a naive "can't we just get along???" preachery. But on the other hand, how naive is it not to realize that the very center of this whole discussion itself is racist.
@Ashanti: Don't get me the wrong way. You have every right to feel offended by these caricatures. But honestly ask yourself, why you are offended. Are you offended because of their look, or what they politically imply to you?
I personally believe that all humans are equal, and we all share the same characteristic traits. Love, humour, a possible indication of intelligence, but also hate, prejudices and most certainly stupidity.
@John: if this post is too offensive, then let me know and I censor it, but I really feel strongly about this.
To Stephen Worth:
It comes to show that, as a species, humans are generally crazy.
Then again, that's the sole reason why it's fascinating (to me, anyway) observing how people interact with the world: A mother of two is picking up items to prepare dinner for her family, while her five and seven year old daughters are playfully teasing one another, or seeing a number of foolish drivers going over a red stop light, just to pile up in the end or even being with a group of friends, getting drunk and socializing with one another, puking it up afterwards.
Anyway, just like I have said on Eddie's blog, I'll never have any qualms or to say a bad word to anyone UNLESS if they're dreadful, but even then I'll never drop to the level of negatively commenting about the slant of ones eyes or their religion or the colour of their skin; for me, its a lot like ordering a ham sandwich, but without the ham: it doesn't make any sense.
From an aspiring cartoonist/ artist
- Bitter Animator said...
Wow. Fantastic topic and some great comments. I'm a huge fan of Mr.E's work and love these caricatures. Yes, they could have been far more damning, given the source photos and that's why the reaction that these images could be scary is a little bizarre to me. Mr.E has been rather kind.
That has nothing to do with the race, though he has been able to retain visual traits of the subjects (I can't see how that could be offensive), and everything to do with the subjects - who are real people. Are they a stereotype? If they're real, does it really matter? I guess you could take that up with the guys themselves, though it sounds from what Soleilsmile says, there are many who'd like to.
But, hey, I just like the drawings.
- Pat McMicheal said...
Pete, I love those drawings! They look FUN, not hurtful. We can't ignore the common features of the many flavors of humans! If you soften-up those features, IT WONT LOOK LIKE THEM. If you thin out their noses, shrink the lips and straighten their hair, what do you have? A guy from India or a white dude with a nice tan.
When asked to draw a giraffe, you have to make a long neck( does this make me a giraffe hater?) or one of those proboscis monkeys...you have to draw the extra long nose! I don't hate these monkeys, I think they are awesome and unique!
If the features are there, why is it racist to recognize them? Should we make believe these features do not exist? Who does that help?
Sorry for so many questions
I would like to bring up something that has always puzzled me about this issue: Elmer Fudd is a caricature of a white idiot. No one says that he depicts all whites as idiots, people just think he's a funny idiot. The now censored and reviled "All This and Rabbit Stew" features Bugs against a black idiot. This cartoon is demonized because it supposedly depicts all blacks as idiots. Why? Everyone knows there are idiotic members of all races. Just in looking at those mug shots, some of them look tough, some look friendly, some look like idiots. Which ones did you snicker at? It's a basic fact of the universe that idiots are funny, and it's a cartoonist's duty to make us laugh. So why can we all enjoy Elmer, but "Rabbit Stew" is racist?
I believe this attitude drives a wedge further between the races, and increases cultural segregation, because some races are fair game for caricature and some aren't. If we're truly going to have a fair, equal society, we can't have separate rules for separate races. That is the essence of what segregation is. The point I'm trying to make is, a cartoon of a black idiot DOESN'T DEPICT ALL BLACKS AS IDIOTS! IT'S JUST A FUNNY CARTOON! And, when we see a caricature of a white idiot, we don't react this way? Wouldn't life be so much better if we could all just laugh and have fun together in a spirit of brotherhood?
- Chris_Garrison said...
I'd like to see John K's version of the mug shot guys.
I think flatteratures are viable, in some instances. A flatterature is for when you find the person really appealing, and so you caricature their appeal. It's like Pete found those guys goofy and dumb, but also really cute and lovable. So he put that in his drawings. He must really love people and forgive them their foibles.
John K likes to play up people's hideosity. John K, it seems like you want some appeal in your cartoon characters, but you don't like to have much appeal in your caricatures. Is that right? I can see why it'd be that way with celebrity caricatures, because it's not useful at all to explore the appeal of Paris Hilton. But if you want to draw your sweet granny, do you still heap on the hairy moles and stuff?
- hulk27 said...
John your right about caricature and finding the funny Sebastian kruger is one of my favorite caricaturist and he dose some of the most grotesque caricature. But the whole comment about African American glorifying rap is not true the majority of rap album are brought by white suburbanite that are bore to deaf with there existent, I should know I live in suburbia and they love some rap. I didn't even listen to rap at the time when I live there, my Mother introduced me to r & b (al green, smoky and the temptation); What I don't get is why rap annoys every one so much it a rebel part of a culture just like rock and believe me they are just as annoying slacker-ish in there demeanor and appearance. By the why I'm a big mental, punk, rock, rap, R&B, Celtic and STK fan so this is not coming from a place of bias it just observation. I rarely if ever here people hating on rock so vehemently like you said john people should be proud of the differents in their culture that makes them unique but why be offended by anyone's appearance. One more thing stop assume we all like it because a small segment of the groups is into it and guys if we bump into one another on the street, no I don't know why another black person talks, dress or does what ever you find is fascinating we don't all live together, sorry!
- Timefishblue said...
I think the only defense these need are that they're specific. They're based on the actual guys in the pictures, with the features of these real people instead of stock "black" features.
Each nose is a different shape and size. Pete obviously wasn't just like "I'm drawing a black guy, so I'll give him The Black Nose that all black people everywhere have."
The people he drew all have big lips in real life, but not everyone in the mugshots has big lips. If Pete drew the guy in the bottom row second from the right, I'm sure he wouldn't draw his lips as big as the lips of the guy in the top row on the right.
They're not generalizations. They're not stereotypes. They're also no whitewashed Michael Jackson-style. Everything in Pete's drawings comes from their actual faces.
- JohnK said...
except the big eyes, which come from cartoons
- Wicks for Candlesticks said...
"The other funny thing about (live) caricaturists is I don't know if I've ever met one who's been at it more than a year or so who isn't completely bitter."
Haha! Yeah, I'm a bit bitter. I actually have some customers track me down to re-draw pictures they don't like. It can really get on your nerves.
Drawing caricatures is a fun gig, as long as you don't take it too seriously.
-David O.
- Ted said...
"My favorite comedic caricatures of white people are "The Honeymooners" The Three Stooges, Archie Bunker, The Beverly Hillbillies, Jack Benny etc."
When you say Jack Benny, what do you mean exactly? Jack's own persona or the overall mix on the show? The show had a wide mix of caricatures, from various class and color groups. Rochester, Mary and Phil Harris being poor and low class (plus their various individual traits; black and avoiding work, drunk and girl crazy, and female; all three were also acidic to work well as a main antagonist for Jack in any given situation), Kenny Baker/Dennis Day being some dumb young guy, Mr Kitzel being an old ethnic vaudeville type (I think Jewish, but I'm not really sure since they didn't played up that aspect; of course they never did with Jack and Mary either), Don Wilson being the jovial fat guy with an announcer voice, Andy Devine being the jovial fat guy with a funny voice, and Jack being the mincing pinch penny. (I'm probably missing several important characters, but I've been listening to the late '30s episodes recently.)
- flashcartoons said...
i read somewhere sagging pants was invented in prison, for easy access
- SoleilSmile said...
I think I'm more perturbed about the SOURCE of the images, not the images themselves.
Pete, why don't you go to UCLA or Venice beach and draw a group of young men there? This may be intimidating at first, but you'd be amazed at how disarmed people become once they hear you're a an artist.
When I was a character designer at Disney Television, I was asked to design frat boys and other campus guy types. So, scared and prejudiced against jocks, I went to UCLA for reference. To my surprise, fraternities were totally sweet to me after I told them that I was an artist and needed them for reference. It was a joyful experience had by all. I got over my beef about jocks and they got to be dog characters in a Disney film.
Since then, I've never been afraid sit down and draw anyone. It's fun! So, in the future, be careful where you get your references from. It can mean a difference from an approval and an objection.
- Oliver_A said...
>>I think I'm more perturbed about the SOURCE of the images, not the images themselves. <<
Pete took them from an earlier post of John, in which they were shown in their proper context of getting arrested for wearing baggy pants. And that's how those huys look exactly to me. Being really p*ssed off for being arrested on such ridiculous grounds.
- Pete Emslie said...
UCLA and Venice Beach are a little off the beaten track for me - I'm a Canuck living near Toronto! However, I do just happen to be a part time instructor in the animation program at Sheridan College, so I see young fellows of that age group in my classes. Admittedly, there aren't a whole lot of Black students in the animation program, usually not more than a handful each year. Well, for the record, I end up drawing caricatures of most of my students every year. And I hate to disappoint you but, though they're a talented and likeable bunch, some of these guys aren't much different to look at than these rascals I've sketched from the mug shots. Most of them are highly influenced by rap and graffiti culture in both their attire and their choice of characters and visual style in their assignments. So, am I supposed to just reinvent what I'm seeing to appease your tastes? Seems to me that the best I can do to hopefully satisfy you, is to point you towards my caricature of Barack Obama. If you don't like that, then I can't help you...
- Raff said...
Regarding what's at issue here re: portrayal of Blacks not at their best, I think it's a touchy subject because of the history of the use of caricature worldwide.
Caricature has been and still is used to insipre antipathy toward a set of people.
The WWII caricatures of the Japanese features were designed to make you hate all Japanese, by making their unique features appear unpleasantly conspicuous and by showing how 'not like us' they are.
The worst thing is, they're drawn with the same techniques as the "fun" caricatures like the Blacks in Coal Black. Out of context, you can't tell the difference.
So we're forced to ask ourselves: How do we undo the damage of the minsterel posters, the bearded and hook-nose Arab drawings and the hand-wringing bent-back Jew villains and still have our fun at the same time? Not easy.
- SoleilSmile said...
Don't worry you guys. You will probably get to make dopey Black characters if Obama gets elected or stays in the public eye if he isn't. Reason being, there will be a stellar example of Black male-dom who will erase any bad press that threatens to "stick" and ultimately hinder the Black male community.
There was also a chance to draw the Black buffoon in the 80's when the Cosby Show was on air, but that all changed in 1994 with the O.J. Simpson trial. What an embarrassing mess that was! As for Black women, we enjoyed the same good PR that Phylissa Rashad and Angela Basset accumulated in the 80's-90's. However, Halle Berry ruined us all in regards to being seen as wives instead of mere hoochie-mama's when she performed that horrible role in Monster's Ball! Then the Academy had the nerve to give her an Oscar for it which resurrected and reinforced the "Sapphire" stereotype. Every Black actress in Hollywood turned down that role in favor of preserving the reputation of Black women except miss desperate-for-anything Halle.
Anyhoo, I'm done and I'm sure John is too. Next subject please.
- Gabriele_Gabba said...
Great post! Is it me or does Tom Hanks always lend to the funniest caricatures?
I don't think we can ever laugh hard enough at ourselves! There is only one person in my country that can't be told to shut up by the goverment and lemme tell you he's a cartoonist!
- SoleilSmile said...
Oh no Pete. I'm not objecting the fashion styles, just the SOURCE if the images. Have you every had that character design assignment where 3 different characters wear the same clothes and the acting varies for each character?
You're going to see different personalities in your students. College students are always happier and more charming than street thugs--because they have HOPE.
Ok, I'm going to draw a comic strip featuring the Black boys who used to disrupt class when I was a teenager. Yet, I'm going to draw them in such a way that they are still likable, even when they're introduction is less than kind.
I'll post a link by the end of the weekend,ok?
See you in a few days.
:) Ashanti
- Shawn said...
How come all cartoons about GERMANS portray them as being stupid and fat, wearing lederhosen, drinking beer, yelling, or being a hateful Nazi???
Who cares? I'm a German and I think those cartoons are funny as hell.
Some of you drags have too much time on your hands, constantly trying to think of things that piss you off. If you don't like jokes, then don't watch cartoons.
- Michelle Klein-Hass said...
John, you forgot one of the best damn group of caricatures I've seen in a while...
Awesome political caricature toys!
McCain looks suitably gruesome, and Obama...well, he's exaggerated but exaggerated in a very appropriate way. The funniest thing about him is actually those ears, and you make the most of them. Hillary is bootylicious!
- cemenTIMental said...
Polite reminder that there is no "PC Police"; that most examples of "political correctness" that people on blogs get so upset about are imaginary rhetorical situations rather than actual events or people's actual opinions, and that 'PC' insofar as it exists at all in reality is a minor symptom rather than a major problem.
Also, cememntimenal, in Canada certain acts of free speech are violations of our insane Human Rights Charter. These are real laws and real people losing their jobs and having lawsuits. Billions of dollars have exchanged hands (one of Bill O'Reilly's favourite phrases.)
- SoleilSmile said...
Shawn, that would be fine and dandy if they're weren't so many people who use those characatures against us. You may not be prejudiced or anyone else on this board. However, there are plenty of people who still are and it hurts when they approach minorities and say or do mean things. Furthermore, racist people always seem to approach a minority when they're alone and without their friends to protect them. So, you would never see it.
You really have to live as a minority. It's won't hit home unless you have to live with the ridicule on some way every day.
As I said, it's just too soon for stand alone incidents. If you want to draw a minority buffoon, make sure there is a stellar example of that minority somewhere in the background. Just be clever and thoughtful about it, that's all.
- vhpayes said...
Are you kidding? Last time I checked this was still America and we can draw whomever we please. Why does he have to go to UCLA to draw black guys? He wanted to draw the guys on the pictures. That's it. He doesn't and shouldn't make excuses to you or anyone else. I live in Orlando and all of my black neighbors look like those guys in the mug shots anyway. Not racism just the truth.
Guess what. Most black people I've seen have wide noses, big lips and dark skin. So what? That's just how it is. Of course they also have their individual differences that's what makes everyone unique, but saying that a race doesn't have common traits would just be wrong. I have worked as a caricature artist at 4 theme parks on two coasts and drawn lots of different people, all with individual specific features, but some groups sure do like to look and act alike.
For example, the Puerto Rican from New York ( Yankees hat to the side. Small eyes, big lips, short mustache and goatee, fake diamond bling, want a discount), British tourist ( Pale but usually sunburnt, males have spikey hair, usually wearing their polo collars up or in a soccer jersey, usually like a funnier caricature), Southern Blacks ( basketball jersey, like to look hardcore, "don't draw my lips big!"), L.A. mexicans (guys don't smile, very short hair, gold necklace, girls with hoops with their names in them, also necklaces with their names) Lower class Whites (don't like to smile because don't want to show their teeth, basketball jerseys or rock t-shirts)
Anyone who has worked in a theme park can confirm and add to the list, I'm sure.
For the record, O.J. Simpson and Halle Berry didn't ruin black people's reputation.
I think the point of the original post was that while there is a general look to groups of people, there exists individual and specific traits and features in everyone, so why don't we draw it that way?
Pete, I like your caricatures, but I agree with John K. about the funny factor being missing. Although I fully respect your right to draw in whatever manner you please and make (or not make) whatever statement you wish.
Personally, I prefer John's caricatures which to me are funny and satire the fact that the people whom we generally consider good looking are actually quite funny looking and sometimes darn right ugly.
- Pete Emslie said...
Hey, if you want to see some funny looking honkies, take a look at the caricatures I've just posted over on my blog.
- Dlove4u2 said...
Even though I don't really like the fact that the choice of pic for the black charicatures, the drawing them self were great.
And john if you get a chance, check these bands out:
Bad Brains
24-7 Spys
allie and the crunch


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Point Loma is 2-2 on the season and 1-1 at home. The Sea Lions recently defeated Claremont-Mudd-Scripps at the buzzer, 42-40, on a jumper by Weston Elhers. That shot capped off a late Sea Lions comeback in which they were trailing by three points with just 45 seconds remaining.
The Sea Lions have now held their opponents to under 60 points in all four games. PLNU's opponents are averaging just 50.5 points per game and shooting only 37 percent from the field, including 25 percent from behind the arc.
Arren Wells is averaging 7.3 points and 5.7 rebounds as a freshman to lead the team in both categories. Fellow freshman Todd Campbell has done a bit of everything for Point Loma early in the season. He leads the team in assists (15), free throws (11) and total rebounds (18).
The Sea Lions are 2-1 on the season. They opened the year with a 59-46 win over Biola then went 1-1 at the Cal State Los Angeles Thanksgiving Classic.
Carlotta Kloppenburg is leading the team with 14.7 points per game. She scored a career-high 18 points in Point Loma's 70-43 win over Cal State Dominguez Hills.
Nyla Bailey continues to be a force for the Sea Lions. The senior is averaging 12.3 points and 5.0 rebounds a game. As a team, PLNU is allowing just 53.7 points per game and its opponents are shooting just 29 percent from the field.
Kelli LeClair, Natalie Hamill and Nicole Eiler were each named to the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA) All-West Regional volleyball team. LeClair picked up first-team honors, while both Eiler and Hamill represented the Sea Lions on the second team.
LeClair was also named to the All-Pacific West Conference third team. The freshman outside hitter from Yucaipa (Yucaipa High School) led Point Loma in points and kills. She ranked sixth in the PacWest with 3.71 kills and 4.17 points per set. She had double-figure kills in 22 of the Sea Lions' 27 matches. She also registered 12 double-doubles and finished the season with 2.51 digs per set.
Point Loma advanced to the finals of the National Christian College Athletic Association (NCCAA) West Regional by winning the shootout with Azusa Pacific in the 12th rounds. The match was scoreless until the 75th minute when Azusa Pacific grabbed a 1-0 lead.
The Sea Lions got the equalizer in the 83rd minute on a header goal from Krista Gregory. The match remained at 1-1 through the second overtime, sending the teams to a shootout for the right to advance in the regional.
PLNU went on top in the shootout 3-1 after three rounds but missed each of their next two attempts to let APU back in. The shootout would continue into the 12th round where PLNU's goalie, Tiffany Kracy, stopped the Cougars' shot and Kaycie Hanlin converted her second penalty kick of the shootout to send Point Loma to the NCCAA West Region final against Cal Baptist.
In the NCCAA West Region final, Cal Baptist midfielder and 2012 PacWest Player of the Year Bernadette Witz scored in the 23rd minute and the Lancers held on for a 1-0 win. They will now advance to the NCCAA National Tournament in Kissimmee, Fla.
The Sea Lions ended their first season in Division II with a 12-5-3 record and a third-place finish in the PacWest (9-3-2).
All-PacWest Team: Goal keeper Tiffany Kracy, midfielder Kallie Caldwell and forward Amanda Mitchell were all named to the All-PacWest third team. Nicole Craft joined them as an honorable mention selection.

subset: commoncrawl


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Welcome to Nigerian Elites Forum
Dreaming of a better Nigeria?.
>>>We love Nigeria.
>>>We want to see a better Nigeria.
>>>We dream of freedom.
that is why we are here,we wish to make Nigeria a better place for us and family to live.
Let's create influence towards a better Nigeria now!
P.s.: For registered members Nigerian Elites Forum is hitch free.
Disclaimer: Every Nigerian Elites Forum member is solely responsible for anything that he/she posts or uploads on Nigerian Elites Forum. Nigerian Elites Forum will not be held liable for any damage, miscarriage or offensive/ abusive post made by any member of the Nigerian Elites Forum.


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« Back to people
Amber ReedAlumni, Class of 2008
resume: http://pages.nyu.edu/~anr249/resume.doc
Studied at UC Irvine, while in undergrad participated in numerous experiences. Worked at UPS and Boeing, conducted research at UC Berkeley, CMU and UC Irvine, and studied abroad in Rome, Italy. At ITP I hope to create new media solutions for entertainment venues and explore different design techniques.


text: MainSports & GamesUnity Cup Marks Start Of A Journey Listen Unity Cup Marks Start Of A JourneyThe first-ever Special Olympics Unity Cup presented by Coca-Cola marks the beginning of a great journey between Special Olympics and long-time global partner, Coca-Cola. For the first-time ever, athletes were welcomed on an actual FIFA World Cup pitch prior to a World Cup match to play on the same field that soccer stars from Germany and Argentina would play on just hours later. A Unified Field of PlayersFormer South African National Football Team captain, Lucas Radebe, makes a play for the ball in the Unity Cup against "Happiness United" defenders in red - Maicon Santana from Special Olympics Brazil and Yacine Zabi from Special Olympics Algeria. See slideshowCelebrities, soccer legends and even the President of South Africa, Jacob Zuma, took to the field alongside 16 Special Olympics athlete teammates that hailed from all over the world.On Saturday July 3rd, Special Olympics and Coca-Cola proudly shared in this historic moment at Cape Town Stadium that fittingly ended in a 2-2 draw. The two teams - named "Special Stars" and "Happiness United" - enjoyed a 20-minute match on the FIFA World Cup™ stadium pitch, which both Coca-Cola and Special Olympics executives hailed as the beginning of an incredible journey together. "Happiness United"During the first-ever Unity Cup, all four goals in the match were scored by Special Olympics athletes who demonstrated just how talented of soccer players they are. The first goal was scored by Manolis Tampakakis of Special Olympics Greece. Maicon Santana of Special Olympics Brazil then scored to tie the match at 1-1. Special Olympics Slovenia athlete Miran Brejc scored to put the "Special Stars" up 2-1. At the end of the match, Special Olympics Algeria athlete Yacine Zabi had his back to the goal, and leaped for an incredible scissor kick to score for "Happiness United" and tie the match for a final of 2-2. Yacine's scissor kick goal was talked about for hours and hours by his teammates following the match – even amidst the various language barriers, everyone realized just what a tremendous athletic feat he had accomplished."This was an incredible event and just the beginning," said Timothy P. Shriver, chairman and CEO of Special Olympics. "The world is hungry for unity as was seen first-hand with this match. People were brought together as one on this field and it just shows the incredible power of sport to bring people together. It also marks a big turning point in our relationship with our long-time partner Coca-Cola."Longtime PartnersSince the establishment of Special Olympics in 1968, The Coca-Cola Company has been an Official Global Partner. Coca-Cola supports the movement in an effort to showcase the dignity and capacity of people with intellectual disabilities on a global stage. The Coca-Cola Company is a FIFA Partner and has had a formal association with the governing body for world football since 1974 and has been an official sponsor of every FIFA World Cup since 1978. "We are excited to take this journey with Special Olympics, because it helps companies like ours to help in a meaningful way to create sustainable communities, and when we create sustainable communities we know we will have a sustainable business," said Muhtar Kent, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, The Coca-Cola Company. "This is the beginning of a journey; an exciting journey."When asked after the match who was the player of the day, Kent replied – "It was a player called unity."


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Red Sox - 004 100 000 - 5 10 0Boston battered Garza (3-7-4-2-1, 84) in the third after he had retired the first two batters. Eric Patterson homered -- he would also hit a dong in the fourth -- and then there was a walk, double, and three singles. The Red Sox led 5-1.
Rays - 100 022 10x - 6 10 0
Dice (5-8-5-4-4, 112) gave the lead away, however, as he was unable to retire any of the first four batters in the sixth. Ramon Ramirez allowed two singles to the start the seventh, and a sacrifice fly scored the go-ahead run.
In addition to his two homers, Patterson doubled in the seventh. David Ortiz walked three times and singled.
These guys faced each other last Wednesday, and their lines were very similar: Garza (7-6-3-2-5, 110); Dice (6-4-3-4-7, 111). The Rays teed off on Manny Delcarmen in the eighth and won 9-4.Scutaro, SS
Patterson, LF
Ortiz, DH
Youkilis, 1B
Beltre, 3B
Drew, RF
Hall, 2B
Cameron, CF
Cash, C
Out west:
Yankees/A's, 10 PMHelp! I would like a permanent description/subtitle thing. Any old or new ideas that are funny, straight-forward, or just plain neato?


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Shrimp CasseroleI absolutely, positively, without a doubt LOVE this casserole. So yummy - if you love shrimp, you will not be disappointed.
It's a very simple casserole using a little Trinity (onion, bell pepper and celery), some good andouille or smoked sausage, a couple of cream soups to make things easy, cooked rice and of course, shrimp. By using a package of frozen, already peeled and deveined shrimp, this comes together unbelievably quick. It is really a wonderful casserole that I hope you'll enjoy as much as we do.
Here's how to make it.
Check out more of my shrimp recipes on Pinterest!
If you make this or any of my recipes, I'd love to see your results! Just snap a photo and hashtag it #DeepSouthDish on social media or tag me @deepsouthdish on Instagram!
Recipe: Shrimp Casserole©From the Kitchen of Deep South Dish
Prep time: 10 min |Cook time: 30 min | Yield: About 4 servings
- 1 tablespoon butter
- 1 tablespoon vegetable or canola oil
- 1 pound raw shrimp, peeled & deveined
- 1/2 cup each, chopped onion, celery and green bell pepper (can use red, yellow or a combo)
- 1/2 pound andouille or smoked sausage, coarsely chopped
- 1 (10-3/4 ounce) can cream of mushroom soup
- 1 (10-3/4 ounce) can cheddar cheese soup
- 1/2 cup of sliced green onion
- 2-3/4 cups of cooked rice
- Kosher salt and freshly cracked black pepper, to taste
- Couple shakes of hot pepper sauce
- 1/4 cup of dried bread crumbs
- 1 tablespoon butter, melted
Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. If the shrimp are already cooked and not raw, skip this first step. In a large skillet over medium high heat, melt half the butter with half the olive oil; add shrimp. Saute the shrimp just until light pink, slightly under-cooking them. Drain and remove the shrimp and set them aside.
Add the remaining butter and olive oil, and reheat the pan to medium high. Sauté the onion, celery and green pepper until softened. Add the andouille to the veggie mixture and saute until warmed through. Add in the cream of mushroom and cheddar cheese soups and heat through. Stir in the cooked rice and green onion; remove from heat. Add salt, pepper and hot sauce to taste; return shrimp to the pan and stir well. Turn out into a casserole dish that has been buttered or lightly coated with non-stick spray, toss bread crumbs with melted butter and bake at 350 degree F for about 20 to 30 minutes, or until bubbly.
Cook's Notes: Substitute crawfish for the shrimp. For a nice crunch, try this dish with panko bread crumbs. To make this dish Lent friendly, simply eliminate the smoked sausage.
Source: http://deepsouthdish.com
Requires Adobe Reader - download it free!©Deep South Dish
☛ Are you on Facebook? If you haven't already, come and join the party! We have a lot of fun & there's always room for one more at the table.
Shrimp Spaghetti
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Images and Full Post Content including Recipe ©Deep South Dish. Recipes are offered for your own personal use only and while pinning and sharing links is welcomed and encouraged, please do not copy and paste to repost or republish elsewhere such as other Facebook pages, blogs, websites, or forums without explicit prior permission. All rights reserved.


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|the state or feeling of being pleased.
|enjoyment or satisfaction derived from what is to one's liking; gratification; delight.
And there has been pleasure today. Just like Peaknit and Cupcakefaerie, I've fallen for this book.
Which, of course, led to this.
A Homemade Life: Stories and Recipes from My Kitchen Table
Good morning delicious French Toast! Rowan even got out of bed for this. Yummy! Seriously decadent. I planned for this yesterday when I bought that nice big loaf of French bread at the market.
And since there were blueberries at the market yesterday too....well....
Ooops. That is not quite how it is supposed to look. I obviously didn't grease the pan enough (hey, I never said I was perfect!) and the top stuck to the bundt pan. Oh well, I just flipped it over and improvised. Luckily, this wasn't planned for a party or something.
I doubt Dad and my coworkers will mind, since it looks like this on the inside...delish!
But the pleasure does not stop there. I also finished my Cotty socks. I heart this colorway!
Pattern: Cotty by me
Yarn: Socks that Rock mediumweight, colorway Beached
Needles: US 1.5
Its been exciting to see people knitting my sock pattern! And I absolutely love how it works with STR! And so, to keep the happy going, let's have a contest! I'll be giving away some Socks that Rock this week! Simple contest.....let me know what is bringing you joy lately or what you are finding pleasure with! Leave me a comment by midnight, this Thursday night, and I'll pick a winner on Friday!
ETA: Contest closed as of midnight PST. Winner will be announced tomorrow here on the blog!
Happy happy!!
xoxo Irishgirlieknits


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The projects that Peter Molyneux's 22Cans are working on revolve around experiments. Curiosity involved learning what drives people to play. Molyneux's next experiment, entitled Project Godus, needs cooperation, and he has turned to Kickstarter to get it to the tune of £450,000.
Godus "blends the power, growth and scope of Populous with the detailed construction and multiplayer excitement of Dungeon Keeper and the intuitive interface and technical innovation of Black & White. The original Populous hailed from the 8-bit era but GODUS will use the most modern technology the world has to offer," the Kickstarter page explains. Molyneux himself tweeted: "Everything I am will be put into this."
Donations range from £5 backer to £5,000 "God of Gods" level, which would get a VIP pass to E3 (among other perks). The project will be developed for PC and mobile devices and is targeting a September 2013 release.
Check out the video for Molyneux's conceptual look at reinventing the god-game genre.


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Experience a traditional fire in a new way with Krystal Fire 1" Smooth Golden Fire Glass. This smooth fire glass amplifies the natural flow of fire, creating a mesmerizing fire display. Create a unique design with different colors or levels and watch as the fire warps around the flows underneath the glass.
Use Krystal Fire - Fire Glass to replace gas logs to instantly transform your living space or outdoor room. It is recommended for indoor or outdoor fireplaces, fire tables, fire pits, fire pans or indoor/outdoor decor.
This glass is 100% recycled from post-consumer glass bottles and windows. Smooth fire glass is color infused and has a fairly translucent finish to them. Smooth fire glass will not melt, degrade or emit toxic fumes. Nor will it create soot, ash or smoke. Most of our glass is re-melted and re-processed to ensure a mostly consistently colored and consistently sized end product.


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DB Signature Items
- Home
- Cured Meats
- DB Signature Items
DB Signature Items
Make a meat plate for the ages–pair with traditional sharp Italian cheeses, or snack on with those soft and creamy big-flavored domestic farmstead cheeses. Any way you slice it, our Di Bruno Bros. Signature selections are a necessary addition to your next cheese and meat plate.
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Depending on your hardware and your current edition of Windows Vista, you can use the Upgrade option during Windows 7 installation to upgrade from Windows Vista to a corresponding or higher edition of Windows 7.
Upgrading is the most convenient way to get Windows 7 on your computer, because it keeps your files, settings, and programs from Windows Vista in place.
If your current edition of Windows Vista can't be upgraded to the edition of Windows 7 that you want to use, you can still install Windows 7 by using the Custom installation option instead. However, the Custom option doesn't preserve your files, programs, or settings. For a step-by-step tutorial on how to perform a custom installation, see Upgrading from Windows Vista to Windows 7 (custom installation).
Make sure that your programs and devices will work with Windows 7.
Since your computer is running Windows Vista, it meets the system requirements for Windows 7. We still recommend that you download and run the free Windows 7 Upgrade Advisor from the Windows 7 Upgrade Advisor webpage on the Windows website. It helps find potential issues with your computer's hardware, devices, or programs that might affect installing Windows 7, and gives recommendations on what to do.
Also, go to the Windows 7 Compatibility Center to see what works with Windows 7 and find direct links to drivers, updates, and downloads.
Step 1: Which version of Windows 7 can I upgrade to?
The table below describes which editions of Windows Vista can be upgraded to Windows 7. The Upgrade option works with either an upgrade copy or the full product copy of Windows 7. This is described on the front of the Windows 7 retail box or on an online sales receipt.
If you can't use the Upgrade option to upgrade to the edition of Windows 7 that you want to use, you can still use the Custom option, but the Custom option doesn't preserve your files, programs, or settings.
If you're running:
Upgrade to
Upgrade to
Upgrade to
Windows Vista Home Basic
Windows Vista Home Premium
Windows Vista Business
Windows Vista Ultimate
What if I can't choose the Upgrade option?
Some versions of Windows can't be upgraded with the installation disc you're trying to use. For example, you can't upgrade a 32-bit version of Windows to a 64-bit version, or upgrade from a higher edition of Windows, such as Windows Vista Ultimate, to a lower edition, such as Windows 7 Home Premium. If this is the case, you'll need to use the Custom option during installation.
However, unlike Upgrade, the Custom option does not preserve your files, settings, or programs. You'll need to back up your files and settings before installing Windows 7, restore them after installation is complete—and you'll also need to reinstall your programs using the original installation discs or files. For a step-by-step tutorial on how to perform a custom installation, see Upgrading from Windows Vista to Windows 7 (custom installation).
To upgrade an earlier operating system than Windows XP (for example, Windows 95 or Windows 2000), you'll need to purchase a full version of Windows 7 and perform a custom installation.
In the European Union (including Croatia and Switzerland) and Korea, Microsoft will release Windows 7 editions that don't include certain features such as Windows Media Player and Windows Media Center. Upgrading to these editions requires a custom installation.
Upgrading Windows Vista in one language to Windows 7 in a different language requires a custom installation.
32-bit or 64-bit: Which version of Windows 7 to install?
If you're running a 32-bit version of Windows Vista, you can only upgrade to a 32-bit version of Windows 7. Similarly, if you are running a 64-bit version of Windows Vista, you can only upgrade to a 64-bit version of Windows 7. Otherwise, you'll need to use the Custom option to install Windows 7.
Both 32-bit and 64-bit installation discs are included in the Windows 7 package. 64-bit operating systems can handle large amounts of memory—typically 4 gigabytes (GB) of random access memory (RAM) or more—more efficiently than 32-bit operating systems. However, not all computers are 64-bit capable. For more information, see 32-bit and 64-bit Windows: frequently asked questions.
To find out which Windows 7 installation disc you can use, do the following:
Open Performance Information and Tools by clicking the Start button, clicking Control Panel, clicking System and Maintenance, and then clicking Performance Information and Tools.
Click View and print details.
Under System, you can see what type of operating system you're currently running next to System type, and, next to 64-bit capable, whether you can run a 64-bit version of Windows.
If your computer is already running a 64-bit version of Windows, you won't see the 64-bit capable listing.
Step 2: Installing Windows 7.
When you upgrade to Windows 7, you keep your files, settings, and programs from Windows Vista.
Before you begin.
Be sure your computer is running either Service Pack 1 or Service Pack 2 for Windows Vista. For more information, see the Windows Vista service packs webpage on the Microsoft website.
Connect your PC to the Internet so you can get installation updates during the installation process. (If you don't have an Internet connection, you can still install Windows 7.)
Update your antivirus program, run it, and then turn it off. After you install Windows 7, remember to turn the antivirus program back on, or install new antivirus software that works with Windows 7.
If you have a Windows 7 installation package, choose either the 32-bit or 64-bit Windows 7 installation disc, depending on which version of Windows Vista you're currently running.
Find your 25-character Windows product key. You can find it on the installation disc holder inside the Windows package—or in a confirmation e‑mail if you purchased and downloaded Windows 7 online.
If you use a fingerprint reader or other biometric device to log on to your computer, make sure you write down your password before upgrading. You must log on by typing your user name and password the first time that you use Windows after upgrading.
Some programs such as Windows Mail and Outlook Express are no longer included in Windows 7. If you used Windows Mail or Outlook Express as your e‑mail program, after you've finished installing Windows 7, you'll need to install a new e‑mail program to read your messages or to send and receive e‑mail. For more information about Windows Live Mail and instructions for importing your e‑mail, contacts, and calendar, see Importing your e‑mail, messages, contacts, and calendar into Windows Live Mail.
Perform an Upgrade installation of Windows 7.
Turn on your PC.
After Windows Vista has started, do one of the following:
If you've downloaded Windows 7, browse to the installation file you downloaded, and then double-click it (often identified as an Application file under the Type column).
If you have a Windows 7 installation disc, insert the disc into your computer. Setup should start automatically. If it doesn't, click the Start button, click Computer, double-click your DVD drive to open the Windows 7 installation disc, and then double-click setup.exe.
If you've downloaded Windows 7 installation files onto a USB flash drive, insert the drive into your computer. Setup should start automatically. If it doesn't, click the Start button, click Computer, double-click the drive, and then double-click setup.exe.
On the Install Windows page, click Install now.
On the Get important updates for installation page, we recommend getting the latest updates to help ensure a successful installation, and to help protect your computer against security threats. Your computer will need to be connected to the Internet during Windows 7 installation to get these updates.
On the Please read the license terms page, if you accept the license terms, click I accept the license terms, and then click Next.
On the Which type of installation do you want? page, click Upgrade.
You might see a compatibility report.
Continue to follow the instructions to finish installing Windows 7.
Update drivers.
A driver is software that allows your computer to communicate with hardware or devices. Without drivers, the hardware you connect to your computer—for example, a video card or a printer—won't work properly.
In most cases, drivers come with Windows, or you can find them by using Windows Update and checking for updates. To do so, click the Start button, click All Programs, and then click Windows Update.
If Windows Update doesn't have the driver you need, check out the Windows 7 Compatibility Center, which has direct links to driver downloads and manufacturer support pages. For more information, see Update a driver for hardware that isn't working properly.
Share printers.
You'll need to re-share any Plug and Play printers that you'd shared in Windows Vista. To share a printer in Windows 7:
Click the Start button, and then, on the Start menu, click Devices and Printers.
Right-click the printer you want to share, and then click Printer properties.
On the Sharing tab, select the Share this printer check box, and then click OK.
If other computers on your network still can't access the printer, remove the printer from the other computers, and then add the printer again. For more information, see Share a printer.
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I'm very excited to bring you this week's giveaway, brought to us by Lovenell! Lovenell offers a beautifully curated selection of clothing and accessories, and is kindly offering one lucky winner a $50 gift certificate to spend as they wish! I'm loving this minimalist clutch, and this pretty maxi dress.
To Enter: Visit Lovenell and leave a comment here telling me your favorite item from the site and where you'd wear it. Want an extra entry? Follow Lovenell on Facebook or Twitter and leave a second comment telling me which. Good Luck!
Tiny print: Giveaway ends on Monday December 17th at 10pm. One entry per person, two if you follow Lovenell on Twitter or Facebook. Winner will be chosen using a random number generator. Winner will have a 48 hour grace period to respond to email notification before a replacement winner will be chosen. Be sure to leave an email address in your comment if you do not have a blog where I can EASILY reach you. The winner will be chosen in a timely manner, and notified, but I reserve the right as proprietor of this blog to announce the winner when I see fit. This giveaway is open to US readers only.
Thank you to everyone who took the time to enter the Lulu's: Cozy Up to Fall giveaway! I loved seeing your autumn interpretations and it was extremely difficult to choose a winner. Daria's was my favorite in the end though, with her use of contrasting color and texture. Her collage will be posted on Friday.


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Orchestral and Choral works > Orchestral works
Joseph Haydn
Sinfonias from ca. 1775/76
Editor: Wolfgang Stockmeier, Sonja Gerlach
158.00 €
Complete Edition, Reihe I, Band 8, clothbound
Pages: 255 (VIII, 247), Size 25,5 x 32,5 cm
Order no. HN 5072 · ISMN 979-0-2018-5072-6
Musicians throughout the world are familiar with and treasure our blue Urtext editions – top quality editions of great classical compositions. Urtext and Henle are synonymous. The musician is offered a musical text which solely reflects the composer's intentions.
- Hob. I:68, 67, 69 (Laudon), 66, 61
- Appendix: Short version from I:68


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Week 3 – Free Online Genealogy Tools: Free online genealogy tools are like gifts from above. Which one are you most thankful for? How has it helped your family history experience?
This challenge runs from Sunday, January 15, 2012 through Saturday, January 21, 2012.
52 Weeks of Abundant Genealogy (http://www.geneabloggers.com/tag/52-weeks-of-abundant-genealogy/) by Amy Coffin is a series of weekly blogging prompts (one for each week of 2012) that invite genealogists and others to discuss resources in the genealogy community including websites, applications, libraries, archives, genealogical societies and more. You do not have to be a blogger to participate. If you do not have a genealogy blog, write down your thoughts on your computer, or simply record them on paper and keep them with your files.
Free Online Genealogy Tools:
I have to say that my first Online Genealogy Tool if the Find-A-Grave website. In reality, it's a tool in two ways. 1) gives me a chance to get out and about, to help others (give back to the community) and 2) for my own research.
I was able to put a genealogy together, for a friend of mine by visiting ONE Cemetery, look at ONE Monument and put together a 3 generation genealogy for him. I went to another cemetery and went back two more generations. All of the pictures were on both Find-A-Grave and on my Headstone Blog.
Based on that experience, I have given a number of genealogy talks, in the local area, on how I used the Find-A-Grave website to do my research. Two of the talks were to local Historical Societies. Initially, I thought that wasn't right, what do I know about a Historical Society. Then it dawned on me that they were trying to document and preserve the history of the Local Area, and I was doing the same for my Family.
The first of those talks, as off shoots, the Historical Society and I went to two cemeteries, to help record and/or update a listing that they had, and I was adding photographs for Find-A-Grave at the same time.
The second cemetery we visited was an old Family Burial Ground, where there was only ONE stone, and it certainly was not in the right place, because the property owner didn't want the "kids" to get hurt with that stone. A group of 6 of us, and 2 divining rods located what is believed to be the burial ground with, it appeared to be, 15 burials. It was in the "back yard" and neighbor, of where the headstone was. The house was the home for that family who was reported to be buried there.
Two adventures based on the Find-A-Grave website.
For my own research, the Inferential Genealogy series I posted here, also included Find-A-Grave. Both in what I found and didn't find. But that was also taken care of with a visit to the Cemetery and taking photographs.
But sometimes, Find-A-Grave and visiting Cemeteries lead to other questions about families. Like, why are some members of the family in one cemetery, while others in another cemetery, or even another Plot within the same cemetery.
Another cemetery visit I made, was for a friend, and Genea-Blogger, where I took pictures of the Surname I was looking for, to see if we could put families together to help know down a brick wall. I have to say that this one is still a work in progress.
But between Census Records and Cemetery Plots, without other documentation, families can be put together, or at least that is my experience.
Other Free Online Tools: FamilySearch.org would be my next tool. I haven't used that site as much as I should, but I do hope to learn more about that website at RootsTech 2012. There are a couple of other Online Tools that I learn more about at RootsTech 2012. I am expecting that after that trip, I will have more to say.
I should mention that having your genealogy research posted online is very helpful. I am in the process of cleaning up my main Genealogy Management file, and realized just how many Onlilne Tree's I have Source and Citations from. In turn, I have some of my research online as well.
Don't forget about Blogs. I have received many tips from this Blog. For example, I posted one post, and within an hour I had two "new" cousins. Blogs, as they say, are Cousin Bait.
Social Media is also in the mix. Having a Facebook, Google Plus, and Twitter account have helped as well.
Another Tombstone Tuesday Blogger has posted some photographs on her Blog of a number of my ancestors in Kansas. I'll never get to Kansas, but I have pictures of where they are buried. After I had thanked her, she went out of her way to go back as see if she could find anyone else.
I am sure that I missed some, but these are a couple of my Free Online Tools.


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JetBrains announces a triple update for its .NET tools this month. Making up the trio of rejuvenations is ReSharper 8.2, which is now available for download, joined by "compatible updates" to dotCover for code coverage and dotTrace Performance for performance profiling.
JetBrains dotCover is a .NET unit test runner and code coverage tool that integrates with Visual Studio. Then there is dotTrace, a family of performance and memory profilers for .NET applications.
dotTrace 5.5 Performance introduces Subsystems, Bookmarks, and new Overview page, and integrates with Visual Studio up to version 2013 — and ReSharper (up to version 8.2) supports .NET Framework 4.5 and Windows 8, and enables attaching to and detaching from running processes and supports Windows Store applications profiling.
ReSharper 8.2 highlights include expanded TypeScript support with smart completion, Create From Usage quick-fixes and Import Module context action, navigation combos, naming settings, support for generics, and highlighting of compiler-defined errors.
Also here we find Jasmine 2.0 support for ReSharper's unit test runner that works with JavaScript and TypeScript files — plus about 140 bug-fixes that address issues discovered in prior 8.0.x and 8.1 releases including Quick Documentation fixes and other enhancements.
Jasmine is a framework for behavior-driven development testing of JavaScript code, not depending on any other JavaScript frameworks or a Document Object Model — the latest version comes with improved support for Node.js today.
dotCover 2.7 and dotTrace Performance 5.5.4 are both compatible with ReSharper 8.2. dotCover 2.7 additionally introduces a standalone test runner which is the "most useful" for running manual tests outside Visual Studio, as well as for analyzing coverage snapshots.


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One of the cousins shared a letter she had sent to his grandmother which confirmed much of the information I had discovered and offered some new facts and clues. I found the woman's obituary which referenced a brother and sister, which further research indicated they were step-siblings. This woman had one son, close to my age, and I wondered what ever became of all of her research and documents.
I wrote to one of the cousins inquiring if his line of the family had ever been in touch with her or her son. He sent me a copy of a letter she had written to his father in 1987. The first paragraph of the letter stated:
"About 19 years ago (1969), I destroyed much of the genealogical data I had and memories are not reliable."
She went on to describe the land records, wills, church records, marriage records, birth records, death records, et al that she once had. Some family history information was gleaned from her letter to confirm my research. She had spent more than twenty years researching our family history.
But - "... I destroyed much of the genealogical data I had . . ."
I can't even begin to imagine what would trigger someone to destroy all of that research. I won't even try.
For Open Discussion Weekend, please comment below:
- Have you experienced this within your family?
- What do you think could cause someone to destroy their research?
- Would YOU ever destroy your research?


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Update on Thursday, Oct. 31, 6:30 p.m. ET:
A spokesman for the World Health Organization said Thursday that it was mistaken about the polio outbreak in Somalia spreading to South Sudan. The virus has been detected in Kenya and Ethiopia this year. But South Sudan has not recorded a polio case since 2009.
Global efforts to eradicate polio have made impressive progress over the past decade. Last year there were only 223 cases anywhere in the world.
But armed conflict and chaos are making it tough for the world to wipe out the virus completely.
Polio has re-emerged in war-torn Syria after more than a decade, the World Health Organization reported Tuesday. "The original cluster of suspected cases was 22 cases," says the WHO's Oliver Rosenbauer. "Out of those, 10 have now been confirmed as polio. The others are still being processed in the laboratory."
Over in the Horn of Africa, an outbreak has ballooned into more than 190 cases. The outbreak's epicenter is Somalia, where fighting and violence have kept vaccinators from reaching hundreds of thousands of kids in the past few years.
Health officials are concerned that polio could become endemic in Syria and the Horn of Africa. They have launched massive emergency vaccination campaigns in both regions to try to protect millions of children against the crippling virus.
But polio infections in Somalia have already spread to Kenya, South Sudan and Ethiopia. A recent visit to the Somali-Ethiopian border highlights just how easily the virus can move silently around rural areas — and eventually find kids who aren't vaccinated.
So far Ethiopia has reported only six cases of polio compared with 174 in Somalia. But the landlocked country shares a thousand-mile border with Somalia. Most of it's unmarked and uncontrolled. Goat, sheep and camel herders move back and forth across the arid plains between the two countries seeking fresh pastures for their animals.
At the border town of Wajaale, a frayed, knotted rope strung across the road marks the international boundary. The rope is ignored by just about everyone. Young men step over it. Vendors with wheelbarrows full of vegetables scoot under it.
Ethiopian authorities acknowledge that it's impossible to completely control the flow of people between the two countries. But in an effort to limit the importation of polio, Ethiopia has set up 13 vaccination checkpoints at major crossings. The health bureau has also deployed vaccinators to nearly 40 informal points of crossing along the border.
In Wajaale, the vaccination station is a small shack next to the rope on the Ethiopian side. When I visited the station one morning in early October, the vaccinator was absent. The sign announcing mandatory polio vaccination for all children had been tied back so that it was unreadable.
The goal of these border vaccination posts is to immunize every child, under the age of 15, who crosses in either direction, says Abdulahi Mohamed, who is with the government's regional health bureau. "They have their vaccines there," he says pointing to a small ice chest. "They check the children. Everyone under 15, they give one dose of polio [vaccine]."
Abdulahi and other Ethiopian officials say that each border vaccination post is immunizing hundreds of kids every day. But during my visit, only 10 children had been vaccinated by noon.
The vaccinators are poorly paid, Abdulahi says — the equivalent of about $30 a month. He concedes that it's difficult to keep them motivated.
Nevertheless, Ethiopia's Health Ministry says that containing this polio outbreak is a top priority. "If you have a house that's caught fire, you need to extinguish [the flames]," says the country's health minister, Dr. Kebede Worku. "So we take this seriously."
Soon after polio was detected in Somalia this spring, Ethiopia carried out five mass immunization campaigns against the virus along the Somali border. Earlier this month they launched a national campaign to try to reach every child in the country — some 13 million kids. The World Health Organization and UNICEF have helped to fund the drives and stock them with vaccine.
But the vaccination campaigns are organized, run and largely paid for by Ethiopia's Ministry of Health, and the operation has put huge new burdens on an already strained national health system. The Ethiopian government even had to deploy special security details to travel with the vaccination teams in some parts of the country along the Somali border.
"The other side of the border [in Somalia] is totally insecure," Kebede says. "Some of the areas are governed by militants." These militants include al-Shabab, which claimed responsibility last month for the attack on a Nairobi shopping mall that left more than 60 people dead.
Another challenge of running a polio vaccination campaign in remote parts of the Horn of Africa is that the vaccine needs to be kept cold. Most Ethiopian health clinics in the province bordering Somalia don't have electricity. The Health Ministry has to use ice packs and portable, kerosene-fired refrigerators to keep the polio vaccine chilled.
The mass immunization campaigns are also complex and expensive logistical operations, Kebede says. They require hundreds of additional staff, hundreds of thousands of vaccine doses, extra kerosene for the refrigerators, and vehicles to deliver supplies to the targeted area. Each immunization team needs tally sheets and maps.
Plus, polio infects some people without ever making them sick. These so-called asymptomatic carriers appear healthy and can spread the virus to new communities.
"With polio ... the vast majority of the people who are infected and spreading [virus] are not paralyzed," says Dr. Walter Orenstein, a vaccine specialist at Emory University in Atlanta. "So there's a lot of "silent transmission."
"For every case of paralytic polio, we can assume there are at least 100 to 200 — maybe a thousand people," Orenstein says, "who are infected and potentially spreading the virus."
Polio is proving to be an extremely difficult disease to defeat. Global efforts to eradicate polio have made incredible progress. Last year, there were only 223 cases in the entire world.
But this month, the virus reemerged in Syria. Hamid Jafari of the World Health Organization's Polio Eradication Program in Geneva says the 10 cases in Syria that were confirmed yesterday are probably just the beginning.
HAMID JAFARI: We should brace ourselves to, unfortunately, killing of more paralyzed children. As the reporting gets stronger and active search for patients with acute flaccid paralysis gets going, certainly, we should prepare ourselves for seeing more paralyzed children in this area.
INSKEEP: And Syria is not the only place facing a new outbreak.
MONTAGNE: Polio turned up in Somalia earlier this year. It has now spread to its neighbors: Kenya, Ethiopia and South Sudan. Health officials have launched massive emergency vaccination campaigns to try to protect millions of children in the region against the potentially crippling virus. NPR's Jason Beaubien brings us this report on Ethiopia's attempts to prevent polio from coming in from Somalia.
JASON BEAUBIEN, BYLINE: This is the Wajaale border crossing between Ethiopia and Somalia.
UNIDENTIFIED MAN #1: Here is the post. From here to there, it is Somalia.
BEAUBIEN: The international boundary here is marked by a frayed, knotted rope that's ignored by just about everyone. Young men step over it. Guys with wheelbarrows full of vegetables scoot under it. On the other side of the rope in Somalia, polio has been running rampant in lawless, militant-controlled parts of the country. Ethiopian health officials here on this side have set up a polio vaccination station in a shack next to the border to try to keep the disease out. Abdulahi Mohamed with the Ethiopian government's regional health bureau says the goal here is to immunize every child who crosses the border in either direction.
ABDULAHI MOHAMED: This is the vaccine courier. They have their vaccines there, and they check the children. Then everyone under 15, they give one dose of polio.
BEAUBIEN: But on this morning, the vaccinator is nowhere to be found, and the sign announcing mandatory polio vaccination for all children has been tied back, so that it's unreadable. This rope barrier is one of 13 official transit points between Ethiopia and Somalia. The regional health bureau has set up polio immunization stations at all of them. They've also deployed vaccinators to nearly 40 informal border crossings along the 1,000-mile-long border. Eventually, the vaccinator returns. Abdulahi flips through the vaccinator's daily log.
MOHAMED: This is the tally sheet. This is vaccinated before.
BEAUBIEN: So, that's two that have been vaccinated before.
MOHAMED: Two who are vaccinated before. Below - one below 11 months.
BEAUBIEN: Abdulahi and other Ethiopian officials say that each border vaccination post, like this one, is immunizing hundreds of kids every day. But it's almost noon, and according to the log, only 10 children have been vaccinated here so far on this morning. The vaccinators are government workers from local health clinics. Abdulahi says they don't get any extra pay, and they're still expected to do their regular jobs. He concedes it's been difficult, at times, to keep them motivated. Before the outbreak this spring in Somalia, the world was getting tantalizingly close to wiping polio out completely. A multibillion-dollar effort had practically cornered the virus in three remote parts of Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria. Prior to April, there'd been no reported cases in Somalia since 2007. Now, however, Somalia has more cases than anywhere else in the world. Ethiopia had also eliminated polio, but now it has six cases, all linked to the Somalia outbreak.
KEBEDE WORKU: In any country, you know, wherever you are, an outbreak is priority number one.
BEAUBIEN: Kebede Worku, the Ethiopian state minister for health, says the resurgence of polio is the most significant health challenge currently facing the nation.
WORKU: If you get a house caught fire, you need to extinguish. So we take that seriously.
BEAUBIEN: Kebede says they're now trying to put out the flames of this outbreak. Soon after polio was detected in Somalia this spring, Ethiopia carried out five mass polio immunization campaigns along the Somali border. Earlier this month, they held a national vaccination campaign to try to reach every child in the country, or some 13 million kids. The World Health Organization and UNICEF have been providing the vaccine and helping to fund the drives. But the boots on the ground are staff hired, trained and directed by the Ethiopian Ministry of Health. Kebede says Ethiopia's response to the outbreak has been complicated. In some parts of the Somali border region, they've even had to deploy special security details to travel with the vaccination teams.
WORKU: The other side of the border is totally insecure. Some of the areas are governed by militants.
BEAUBIEN: Militants including al-Shabab, which claimed responsibility last month for the attack on a Nairobi shopping mall that left more than 60 people dead. Back in Jajiga, the capital of the Somali region, Abdulahi Mohamed is in the health ministry's warehouse preparing supplies for an upcoming vaccination trip.
MOHAMED: This is the overall cold room where the vaccine and the other materials, supplies are stored.
BEAUBIEN: The polio vaccine needs to be kept refrigerated. This can be difficult in many remote, undeveloped parts of the world where the virus still flourishes. In much of Ethiopia, even government health clinics don't have electricity. During mass polio immunization campaigns, the Ethiopian health ministry uses portable, kerosene-fired refrigerators and small ice chests to keep the vaccine cool out in the field. But Abdulahi says the fridges are temperamental, and recently there's been a shortage of kerosene to keep them running.
MOHAMED: It happens, sometimes the cold chain breaks, and some of the vaccine becomes unusable. But we try our best to make it useable.
BEAUBIEN: He says a mass polio immunization campaign just in this region requires hundreds of people, thousands of ice packs, hundreds of thousands of doses of vaccine, extra kerosene for the refrigerators, vehicles to deliver supplies to the targeted area. The immunization teams need tally sheets and maps. And then the vaccinators spread out across the vast, arid landscape to search for kids.
MOHAMED: You found some 20 children here. To find the next 20 or 10 children, you should walk not less than 10-15 kilometers by - on foot, because every team cannot have a vehicle.
BEAUBIEN: Fighting this outbreak is expensive. Ethiopia has poured millions of dollars into its emergency response to the Somalia polio outbreak. Similar efforts are now also being organized in Kenya, South Sudan, Uganda. Even though there have been fewer than 200 cases of polio from this current outbreak in the Horn of Africa, health officials fear that if it's not contained quickly, the crippling disease can regain a foothold in this vulnerable region. Jason Beaubien, NPR News. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.


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Mission MembershipAGRM is primarily an organization for rescue missions. Becoming a member of AGRM is an excellent way to connect with rescue ministry peers and to receive a number of benefits to strengthen you and your mission. These include:
News and information publicationsA bimonthly magazine and semimonthly newsletter for rescue mission leaders, and a monthly newsletter for executive directors
Educational and training programsAn annual convention, district gatherings, monthly webinars, and more
Formal networking programsAffinity groups (profession-related groups) and the Emerging Leaders Conclave (for young leaders)
Online services
Directory of missions, business member directory, online library, Employment Office (find work or workers), and more
Documents and dataWhite papers and rescue-mission-related research
Professional recognitionCertification and Media Innovation Competition
Professional consultationToll-free help line, site visits, and board development sessions
Contract servicesFoodservice, insurance, retirement, gifts-in-kind, and other programs offered especially for AGRM members
Marketing and public relationsNational and local public relations initiatives, Connection Calendars, coin boxes, curriculum for churches and
Bible studies, and more
OutreachNew Creation Service Corp. for addiction recovery graduates, and help for new rescue missions
IdentificationMembership certificate and use of the AGRM logo
Learn more by reading our membership brochure.
Download our application.


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