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Higher order mode laser beam intensity fluctuations in strong oceanic turbulence
Baykal, Yahya
Intensity fluctuations of the higher order mode laser beams are evaluated when these beams propagate in a medium exhibiting strong oceanic turbulence. Our formulation involves the modified Rytov solution that extends the Rytov solution to cover strong turbulence as well, and our recently reported expression that relates the atmospheric turbulence structure constant to the oceanic turbulence parameters and oceanic wireless optical communication link parameters. The variations of the intensity fluctuations are reported against the changes of the ratio of temperature to salinity contributions to the refractive index spectrum, rate of dissipation of kinetic energy per unit mass of fluid, rate of dissipation of mean-squared temperature, viscosity and the source size of the higher order mode laser beam. Our results indicate that under any oceanic turbulence parameters, it is advantageous to employ higher order laser modes in reducing the scintillation noise in wireless optical communication links operating in a strongly turbulent ocean.
The focal boundary value problem for strongly singular higher-order nonlinear functional-differential equations
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Mukhigulashvili, Sulkhan; Půža, B.
Roč. 2015, January (2015), s. 17 ISSN 1687-2770 Institutional support: RVO:67985840 Keywords : higher order nonlinear functional-differential equations * two-point right-focal boundary value problem * strong singularity Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.642, year: 2015 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186%2Fs13661-014-0277-1
The nonlocal boundary value problems for strongly singular higher-order nonlinear functional-differential equations
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Mukhigulashvili, Sulkhan
-, č. 35 (2015), s. 23-50 ISSN 1126-8042 Institutional support: RVO:67985840 Keywords : higher order functional differential equations * Dirichlet boundary value problem * strong singularity Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics http://ijpam.uniud.it/online_issue/201535/03-Mukhigulashvili.pdf
Sufficient optimality conditions and duality for nonsmooth multiobjective optimization problems via higher order strong convexity
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Upadhyay Balendu B.
Full Text Available In this paper, we define some new generalizations of strongly convex functions of order m for locally Lipschitz functions using Clarke subdifferential. Suitable examples illustrating the non emptiness of the newly defined classes of functions and their relationships with classical notions of pseudoconvexity and quasiconvexity are provided. These generalizations are then employed to establish sufficient optimality conditions for a nonsmooth multiobjective optimization problem involving support functions of compact convex sets. Furthermore, we formulate a mixed type dual model for the primal problem and establish weak and strong duality theorems using the notion of strict efficiency of order m. The results presented in this paper extend and unify several known results from the literature to a more general class of functions as well as optimization problems.
Higher Order QED Contributions to the Atomic Structure at Strong Central Fields
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mokler, P H
An accurate determination of the precise structure of highly charged, very heavy ions is crucial for understanding QED at strong fields. The experimental advances in the spectroscopy of very heavy, highly charged ions-in particular H-, He- and Li-like species-are reviewed: Presently the ground state Lamb shift for H-like U ions is measured on a 1% level of accuracy; the screening terms in two-electron QED have just been touched by experiments for He-like U; and two-loop QED terms have been determined with ultimate accuracy for Li-like heavy species. The different approaches on QED measurements in strong fields will be discussed and the results compared to theory
Evaluation of the impact of higher-order energy enhancement characteristics of solitons in strongly dispersion-managed optical fibers
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Diaz-Otero, Francisco J.; Guillán-Lorenzo, Omar; Pedrosa-Rodríguez, Laura
Highlights: • Empirical model describing the pulse energy enhancement required to obtain stable pulses to higher-order polynomial equations • An improvement in the accuracy is obtained through the addition of a new quartic addend dependent on the map strength. • This conclusion is validated through a comparison in a commercial DM soliton submarine network. • The error in the interaction distance for two adjacent pulses in the same channel is of the same order as the energy error - Abstract: We study the propagation properties of nonlinear pulses with periodic evolution in a dispersion-managed transmission link by means of a variational approach. We fit the energy enhancement required for stable propagation of a single soliton in a prototypical commercial link to a polynomial approximation that describes the dependence of the energy on the map strength of the normalized unit cell. We present an improvement of a relatively old and essential result, namely, the dependence of the energy-enhancement factor of dispersion-management solitons with the square of the map strength of the fiber link. We find that adding additional corrections to the conventional quadratic formula up to the fourth order results in an improvement in the accuracy of the description of the numerical results obtained with the variational approximation. Even a small error in the energy is found to introduce large deviations in the pulse parameters during its evolution. The error in the evaluation of the interaction distance between two adjacent time division multiplexed pulses propagating in the same channel in a prototypical submarine link is of the same order as the error in the energy.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ernst, Erik
This paper introduces the notion of higher-order inheritance hierarchies. They are useful because they provide well-known benefits of object-orientation at the level of entire hierarchies-benefits which are not available with current approaches. Three facets must be adressed: First, it must be po...
Precision measurement of single atoms strongly coupled to the higher-order transverse modes of a high-finesse optical cavity
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Du, Jinjin; Li, Wenfang; Wen, Ruijuan; Li, Gang; Zhang, Pengfei; Zhang, Tiancai [State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Opto-Electronics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006 (China)
We have experimentally demonstrated the strong coupling between single atoms and the higher-order Hermite-Gaussian transverse modes in a high-finesse optical microcavity. Compared to the usual low-order symmetric transverse modes, multiple lobes and the asymmetric spatial pattern of the titled modes provide more information about the motion of single atoms in the cavity. The motional information can be extracted from the measured transmission spectra, which includes the velocities and the positions of the atoms in vertical and off-axis directions. The scheme has great potential in time-resolved atom-cavity microscopy and in tracking the three-dimensional single atom trajectory in real time.
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Israelsen, Stine Møller
. In the second part of the thesis, a new scheme for constructing chirped microbend long period gratings is presented. The method presents a versatile platform for tailoring the chirp to the phase matching profile of the targeted HOM conversion in the fiber under test. The scheme introduces the ability......This PhD thesis considers higher order modes (HOMs) in optical fibers. That includes their excitation and characteristics. Within the last decades, HOMs have been applied both for space multiplexing in optical communications, group velocity dispersion management and sensing among others......-radial polarization as opposed to the linear polarization of the LP0X modes. The effect is investigated numerically in a double cladding fiber with an outer aircladding using a full vectorial modesolver. Experimentally, the bowtie modes are excited using a long period grating and their free space characteristics...
Higher-order risk vulnerability
Huang, Xiaoping; Stapleton, Richard Christopher
We add an independent unfair background risk to higher-order risk-taking models in the current literature and examine its interaction with the main risk under consideration. Parallel to the well-known concept of risk vulnerability, which is defined by Gollier and Pratt (Econometrica 64:1109–1123, 1996), an agent is said to have a type of higher-order risk vulnerability if adding an independent unfair background risk to wealth raises his level of this type of higher-order risk aversion. We der...
Resilience and Higher Order Thinking
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ioan Fazey
Full Text Available To appreciate, understand, and tackle chronic global social and environmental problems, greater appreciation of the importance of higher order thinking is required. Such thinking includes personal epistemological beliefs (PEBs, i.e., the beliefs people hold about the nature of knowledge and how something is known. These beliefs have profound implications for the way individuals relate to each other and the world, such as how people understand complex social-ecological systems. Resilience thinking is an approach to environmental stewardship that includes a number of interrelated concepts and has strong foundations in systemic ways of thinking. This paper (1 summarizes a review of educational psychology literature on PEBs, (2 explains why resilience thinking has potential to facilitate development of more sophisticated PEBs, (3 describes an example of a module designed to teach resilience thinking to undergraduate students in ways conducive to influencing PEBs, and (4 discusses a pilot study that evaluates the module's impact. Theoretical and preliminary evidence from the pilot evaluation suggests that resilience thinking which is underpinned by systems thinking has considerable potential to influence the development of more sophisticated PEBs. To be effective, however, careful consideration of how resilience thinking is taught is required. Finding ways to encourage students to take greater responsibility for their own learning and ensuring close alignment between assessment and desired learning outcomes are particularly important.
Higher order equations of motion
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bollini, C.G.; Giambiagi, J.J.
The possibility that the motion of elementary particles be described by higher order differential equations induced by supersymmetry in higher dimensional space-time is discussed. The specific example of six dimensions writing the corresponding Lagrangian and equations of motion, is presented. (author) [pt
Higher-Order Program Generation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rhiger, Morten
for OCaml, a dialect of ML, that provides run-time code generation for OCaml programs. We apply these byte-code combinators in semantics-directed compilation for an imperative language and in run-time specialization using type-directed partial evaluation. Finally, we present an approach to compiling goal......This dissertation addresses the challenges of embedding programming languages, specializing generic programs to specific parameters, and generating specialized instances of programs directly as executable code. Our main tools are higher-order programming techniques and automatic program generation...... infrastructure of higher-order functions, types, and modules. Furthermore, it has been observed that embedded programs can be restricted to those having simple types using a technique called ``phantom types''. We prove, using an idealized higher-order language, that such an embedding is sound (i.e., when all...
A Paraconsistent Higher Order Logic
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Villadsen, Jørgen
of paraconsistent logics in knowledge-based systems, logical semantics of natural language, etc. Higher order logics have the advantages of being expressive and with several automated theorem provers available. Also the type system can be helpful. We present a concise description of a paraconsistent higher order...... logic with countable infinite indeterminacy, where each basic formula can get its own indeterminate truth value (or as we prefer: truth code). The meaning of the logical operators is new and rather different from traditional many-valued logics as well as from logics based on bilattices. The adequacy...
Nonlocal higher order evolution equations
Rossi, Julio D.
In this article, we study the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the nonlocal operator ut(x, t)1/4(-1)n-1 (J*Id -1)n (u(x, t)), x ∈ ℝN, which is the nonlocal analogous to the higher order local evolution equation vt(-1)n-1(Δ)nv. We prove that the solutions of the nonlocal problem converge to the solution of the higher order problem with the right-hand side given by powers of the Laplacian when the kernel J is rescaled in an appropriate way. Moreover, we prove that solutions to both equations have the same asymptotic decay rate as t goes to infinity. © 2010 Taylor & Francis.
Classical higher-order processes
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Montesi, Fabrizio
Classical Processes (CP) is a calculus where the proof theory of classical linear logic types processes à la Π-calculus, building on a Curry-Howard correspondence between session types and linear propositions. We contribute to this research line by extending CP with process mobility, inspired...... by the Higher-Order Π-calculus. The key to our calculus is that sequents are asymmetric: one side types sessions as in CP and the other types process variables, which can be instantiated with process values. The controlled interaction between the two sides ensures that process variables can be used at will...
Higher order mode optical fiber Raman amplifiers
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rottwitt, Karsten; Friis, Søren Michael Mørk; Usuga Castaneda, Mario A.
We review higher order mode Raman amplifiers and discuss recent theoretical as well as experimental results including system demonstrations.......We review higher order mode Raman amplifiers and discuss recent theoretical as well as experimental results including system demonstrations....
Challenges in higher order mode Raman amplifiers
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rottwitt, Karsten; Nielsen, Kristian; Friis, Søren Michael Mørk
A higher order Raman amplifier model that take random mode coupling into account ispresented. Mode dependent gain and signal power fluctuations at the output of the higher order modeRaman amplifier are discussed......A higher order Raman amplifier model that take random mode coupling into account ispresented. Mode dependent gain and signal power fluctuations at the output of the higher order modeRaman amplifier are discussed...
Higher-order techniques in computational electromagnetics
Graglia, Roberto D
Higher-Order Techniques in Computational Electromagnetics explains 'high-order' techniques that can significantly improve the accuracy, computational cost, and reliability of computational techniques for high-frequency electromagnetics, such as antennas, microwave devices and radar scattering applications.
Static Complexity Analysis of Higher Order Programs
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Avery, James Emil; Kristiansen, Lars; Moyen, Jean-Yves
The overall goal of the research presented in this paper is to find^Mautomatic methods for static complexity analysis of higher order^Mprograms.......The overall goal of the research presented in this paper is to find^Mautomatic methods for static complexity analysis of higher order^Mprograms....
Higher order corrections in perturbative quantum chromodynamics
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
to compute Feynman graphs beyond one-loop order. These techniques are useful to compute the three-loop splitting functions in QCD and to obtain the complete second order QED corrections to. Bhabha scattering. Keywords. Quantum chromodynamics; perturbation theory; higher order. PACS Nos 12.38.-t; 12.38.
Higher-Order Generalized Invexity in Control Problems
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
S. K. Padhan
Full Text Available We introduce a higher-order duality (Mangasarian type and Mond-Weir type for the control problem. Under the higher-order generalized invexity assumptions on the functions that compose the primal problems, higher-order duality results (weak duality, strong duality, and converse duality are derived for these pair of problems. Also, we establish few examples in support of our investigation.
Heavy quark threshold dynamics in higher order
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Piclum, J.H.
In this work we discuss an important building block for the next-to-next-to-next-to leading order corrections to the pair production of top quarks at threshold. Specifically, we explain the calculation of the third order strong corrections to the matching coefficient of the vector current in non-relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics and provide the result for the fermionic part, containing at least one loop of massless quarks. As a byproduct, we obtain the matching coefficients of the axial-vector, pseudo-scalar and scalar current at the same order. Furthermore, we calculate the three-loop corrections to the quark renormalisation constants in the on-shell scheme in the framework of dimensional regularisation and dimensional reduction. Finally, we compute the third order strong corrections to the chromomagnetic interaction in Heavy Quark Effective Theory. The calculational methods are discussed in detail and results for the master integrals are given. (orig.)
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Citra Dewi
Full Text Available The aim of this paper discussed about how to enhance students' higher order thinking that should be done by teacher in teaching grammar. Usually teaching grammar was boring and has the same way to learn like change the pattern of sentence into positive, negative and introgative while the students' need more various way to develop their thinking. The outcome of students' competence in grammar sometimes not sufficient enough when the students' occured some test international standart like Test of English Foreign Language, International English Language Testing. Whereas in TOEFL test it needed higher order thinking answer, so teacher should develop students' higher order thingking in daily teaching grammar in order to make the students' enhance their thinking are higher. The method was used in this paper by using field study based on the experience of teaching grammar. It can be shown by students' toefl score was less in stucture and written expression. The result of this paper was after teacher gave some treatments to enhance students' higher order thinking in teaching grammar, the students' toefl scores are sufficient enough as a part of stucture and written expression. It can concluded that it needed some strategies to enhancce students higher order thinking by teaching grammar it can make students' higher toefl score. Teachers should be creative and inovative to teach the students' started from giving the students' question or test in teaching grammar.
Higher-Order Tensors in Diffusion Imaging
Schultz, Thomas; Fuster, Andrea; Ghosh, Aurobrata; Deriche, Rachid; Florack, Luc; Lek-Heng, Lim
International audience; Diffusion imaging is a noninvasive tool for probing the microstructure of fibrous nerve and muscle tissue. Higher-order tensors provide a powerful mathematical language to model and analyze the large and complex data that is generated by its modern variants such as High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) or Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging. This survey gives a careful introduction to the foundations of higher-order tensor algebra, and explains how some concepts f...
Higher-Order Minimal Functional Graphs
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jones, Neil D; Rosendahl, Mads
We present a minimal function graph semantics for a higher-order functional language with applicative evaluation order. The semantics captures the intermediate calls performed during the evaluation of a program. This information may be used in abstract interpretation as a basis for proving...... the soundness of program analyses. An example of this is the ``closure analysis'' of partial evaluation....
Dynamical symmetry and higher-order interactions
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Van Isacker, P.
It is shown that the concept of dynamical symmetry is enriched by increasing the order the interactions between the constituent particles of a given many-body-system. The idea is illustrated with an analysis of higher-order interactions in the interacting boson model. (author)
Dynamical symmetry and higher-order interactions
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Van Isacker, P. [Grand Accelerateur National d' Ions Lourds (GANIL), 14 - Caen (France)
It is shown that the concept of dynamical symmetry is enriched by increasing the order the interactions between the constituent particles of a given many-body-system. The idea is illustrated with an analysis of higher-order interactions in the interacting boson model. (author)
XY model with higher-order exchange.
Žukovič, Milan; Kalagov, Georgii
An XY model, generalized by inclusion of up to an infinite number of higher-order pairwise interactions with an exponentially decreasing strength, is studied by spin-wave theory and Monte Carlo simulations. At low temperatures the model displays a quasi-long-range-order phase characterized by an algebraically decaying correlation function with the exponent η=T/[2πJ(p,α)], nonlinearly dependent on the parameters p and α that control the number of the higher-order terms and the decay rate of their intensity, respectively. At higher temperatures the system shows a crossover from the continuous Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless to the first-order transition for the parameter values corresponding to a highly nonlinear shape of the potential well. The role of topological excitations (vortices) in changing the nature of the transition is discussed.
Electromagnetic cloaking in higher order spherical cloaks
Sidhwa, H. H.; Aiyar, R. P. R. C.; Kulkarni, S. V.
The inception of transformation optics has led to the realisation of the invisibility devices for various applications, one of which is spherical cloaking. In this paper, a formulation for a higher-order spherical cloak has been proposed to reduce its physical thickness significantly by introducing a nonlinear relation between the original and transformed coordinate systems and it has been verified using the ray tracing approach. Analysis has been carried out to observe the anomalies in the variation of refractive index for higher order cloaks indicating the presence of poles in the relevant equations. Furthermore, a higher-order spherical cloak with predefined values of the material characteristics on its inner and outer surfaces has been designed for practical application.
Finding Higher Order Differentials of MISTY1
Tsunoo, Yukiyasu; Saito, Teruo; Kawabata, Takeshi; Nakagawa, Hirokatsu
MISTY1 is a 64-bit block cipher that has provable security against differential and linear cryptanalysis. MISTY1 is one of the algorithms selected in the European NESSIE project, and it is recommended for Japanese e-Government ciphers by the CRYPTREC project. In this paper, we report on 12th order differentials in 3-round MISTY1 with FL functions and 44th order differentials in 4-round MISTY1 with FL functions both previously unknown. We also report that both data complexity and computational complexity of higher order differential attacks on 6-round MISTY1 with FL functions and 7-round MISTY1 with FL functions using the 46th order differential can be reduced to as much as 1/22 of the previous values by using multiple 44th order differentials simultaneously.
Higher order antibunching in intermediate states
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Verma, Amit; Sharma, Navneet K.; Pathak, Anirban
Since the introduction of binomial state as an intermediate state, different intermediate states have been proposed. Different nonclassical effects have also been reported in these intermediate states. But till now higher order antibunching is predicted in only one type of intermediate state, which is known as shadowed negative binomial state. Recently we have shown that the higher order antibunching is not a rare phenomenon [P. Gupta, P. Pandey, A. Pathak, J. Phys. B 39 (2006) 1137]. To establish our earlier claim further, here we have shown that the higher order antibunching can be seen in different intermediate states, such as binomial state, reciprocal binomial state, hypergeometric state, generalized binomial state, negative binomial state and photon added coherent state. We have studied the possibility of observing the higher order subpoissonian photon statistics in different limits of intermediate states. The effects of different control parameters on the depth of non classicality have also been studied in this connection and it has been shown that the depth of nonclassicality can be tuned by controlling various physical parameters
Higher Order and Fractional Diffusive Equations
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
D. Assante
Full Text Available We discuss the solution of various generalized forms of the Heat Equation, by means of different tools ranging from the use of Hermite-Kampé de Fériet polynomials of higher and fractional order to operational techniques. We show that these methods are useful to obtain either numerical or analytical solutions.
Frontiers of higher order fuzzy sets
Tahayori, Hooman
Frontiers of Higher Order Fuzzy Sets, strives to improve the theoretical aspects of general and Interval Type-2 fuzzy sets and provides a unified representation theorem for higher order fuzzy sets. Moreover, the book elaborates on the concept of gradual elements and their integration with the higher order fuzzy sets. This book also introduces new frameworks for information granulation based on general T2FSs, IT2FSs, Gradual elements, Shadowed sets and rough sets. In particular, the properties and characteristics of the new proposed frameworks are studied. Such new frameworks are shown to be more capable to be exploited in real applications. Higher order fuzzy sets that are the result of the integration of general T2FSs, IT2FSs, gradual elements, shadowed sets and rough sets will be shown to be suitable to be applied in the fields of bioinformatics, business, management, ambient intelligence, medicine, cloud computing and smart grids. Presents new variations of fuzzy set frameworks and new areas of applicabili...
Higher order Hessian structures on manifolds
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
R. Narasimhan (Krishtel eMaging) 1461 1996 Oct 15 13:05:22
the bundle of bases for the tangent spaces. When we take a connection ∇XY to be given by Koszul's definition, we see that Hessian structures and symmetric connections can be directly related to each other. Before proceeding further, we state certain results relating to higher order derivatives on manifolds. For m ∈ M, let F.
A Higher-Order Colon Translation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Danvy, Olivier; Nielsen, Lasse Reichstein
A lambda-encoding such as the CPS transformation gives rise to administrative redexes. In his seminal article ``Call-by-name, call-by-value and the lambda-calculus'', 25 years ago, Plotkin tackled administrative reductions using a so-called ``colon translation.'' 10 years ago, Danvy and Filinski...... integrated administrative reductions in the CPS transformation, making it operate in one pass. The technique applies to other lambda-encodings (e.g., variants of CPS), but we do not see it used in practice--instead, Plotkin's colon translation appears to be favored. Therefore, in an attempt to link both...... techniques, we recast Plotkin's proof of Indifference and Simulation to the higher-order specification of the one-pass CPS transformation. To this end, we extend his colon translation from first order to higher order...
Higher order cumulants in colorless partonic plasma
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Cherif, S. [Sciences and Technologies Department, University of Ghardaia, Ghardaia, Algiers (Algeria); Laboratoire de Physique et de Mathématiques Appliquées (LPMA), ENS-Kouba (Bachir El-Ibrahimi), Algiers (Algeria); Ahmed, M. A. A. [Department of Physics, College of Science, Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Mounawwarah KSA (Saudi Arabia); Department of Physics, Taiz University in Turba, Taiz (Yemen); Laboratoire de Physique et de Mathématiques Appliquées (LPMA), ENS-Kouba (Bachir El-Ibrahimi), Algiers (Algeria); Ladrem, M., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, College of Science, Taibah University Al-Madinah Al-Mounawwarah KSA (Saudi Arabia); Laboratoire de Physique et de Mathématiques Appliquées (LPMA), ENS-Kouba (Bachir El-Ibrahimi), Algiers (Algeria)
Any physical system considered to study the QCD deconfinement phase transition certainly has a finite volume, so the finite size effects are inevitably present. This renders the location of the phase transition and the determination of its order as an extremely difficult task, even in the simplest known cases. In order to identify and locate the colorless QCD deconfinement transition point in finite volume T{sub 0}(V), a new approach based on the finite-size cumulant expansion of the order parameter and the ℒ{sub m,n}-Method is used. We have shown that both cumulants of higher order and their ratios, associated to the thermodynamical fluctuations of the order parameter, in QCD deconfinement phase transition behave in a particular enough way revealing pronounced oscillations in the transition region. The sign structure and the oscillatory behavior of these in the vicinity of the deconfinement phase transition point might be a sensitive probe and may allow one to elucidate their relation to the QCD phase transition point. In the context of our model, we have shown that the finite volume transition point is always associated to the appearance of a particular point in whole higher order cumulants under consideration.
Higher order cumulants in colorless partonic plasma
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Cherif, S.; Ahmed, M. A. A.; Ladrem, M.
Any physical system considered to study the QCD deconfinement phase transition certainly has a finite volume, so the finite size effects are inevitably present. This renders the location of the phase transition and the determination of its order as an extremely difficult task, even in the simplest known cases. In order to identify and locate the colorless QCD deconfinement transition point in finite volume T 0 (V), a new approach based on the finite-size cumulant expansion of the order parameter and the ℒ m,n -Method is used. We have shown that both cumulants of higher order and their ratios, associated to the thermodynamical fluctuations of the order parameter, in QCD deconfinement phase transition behave in a particular enough way revealing pronounced oscillations in the transition region. The sign structure and the oscillatory behavior of these in the vicinity of the deconfinement phase transition point might be a sensitive probe and may allow one to elucidate their relation to the QCD phase transition point. In the context of our model, we have shown that the finite volume transition point is always associated to the appearance of a particular point in whole higher order cumulants under consideration.
Ward identities of higher order Virasoro algebra
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zha Chaozeng; Dolate, S.
The general formulations of primary fields versus quasi-primary ones in the context of high order Virasoro algebra (HOVA) and the corresponding Ward identity are explored. The primary fields of conformal spins up to 8 are given in terms of quasi-primary fields, and the general features of the higher order expressions are also discussed. It is observed that the local fields, either primary of quasi-primary, carry the same numbers of central charges, and not all the primary fields contribute to the anomalies in the Ward identities. (author). 6 refs
Lagrangian procedures for higher order field equations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bollini, C.G.; Giambiagi, J.J.
We present in a pedagogical way a Lagrangian procedure for the treatment of higher order field equations. We build the energy-momentum tensor and the conserved density current. In particular we discuss the case in which the derivatives appear only in the invariant D'Alembertian operator. We discuss some examples. We quantize the fields and construct the corresponding Hamiltonian which is shown not to be positive definite. We give the rules for the causal propagators. (Author) [pt
Higher order correlations in computed particle distributions
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hanerfeld, H.; Herrmannsfeldt, W.; Miller, R.H.
The rms emittances calculated for beam distributions using computer simulations are frequently dominated by higher order aberrations. Thus there are substantial open areas in the phase space plots. It has long been observed that the rms emittance is not an invariant to beam manipulations. The usual emittance calculation removes the correlation between transverse displacement and transverse momentum. In this paper, we explore the possibility of defining higher order correlations that can be removed from the distribution to result in a lower limit to the realizable emittance. The intent is that by inserting the correct combinations of linear lenses at the proper position, the beam may recombine in a way that cancels the effects of some higher order forces. An example might be the non-linear transverse space charge forces which cause a beam to spread. If the beam is then refocused so that the same non-linear forces reverse the inward velocities, the resulting phase space distribution may reasonably approximate the original distribution. The approach to finding the location and strength of the proper lens to optimize the transported beam is based on work by Bruce Carlsten of Los Alamos National Laboratory. 11 refs., 4 figs
Visualizing higher order finite elements. Final report
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Thompson, David C; Pebay, Philippe Pierre
This report contains an algorithm for decomposing higher-order finite elements into regions appropriate for isosurfacing and proves the conditions under which the algorithm will terminate. Finite elements are used to create piecewise polynomial approximants to the solution of partial differential equations for which no analytical solution exists. These polynomials represent fields such as pressure, stress, and momentum. In the past, these polynomials have been linear in each parametric coordinate. Each polynomial coefficient must be uniquely determined by a simulation, and these coefficients are called degrees of freedom. When there are not enough degrees of freedom, simulations will typically fail to produce a valid approximation to the solution. Recent work has shown that increasing the number of degrees of freedom by increasing the order of the polynomial approximation (instead of increasing the number of finite elements, each of which has its own set of coefficients) can allow some types of simulations to produce a valid approximation with many fewer degrees of freedom than increasing the number of finite elements alone. However, once the simulation has determined the values of all the coefficients in a higher-order approximant, tools do not exist for visual inspection of the solution. This report focuses on a technique for the visual inspection of higher-order finite element simulation results based on decomposing each finite element into simplicial regions where existing visualization algorithms such as isosurfacing will work. The requirements of the isosurfacing algorithm are enumerated and related to the places where the partial derivatives of the polynomial become zero. The original isosurfacing algorithm is then applied to each of these regions in turn.
Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Danvy, Olivier; Mason, Ian
a series of implementaions that properly account for multiple invocations of the derivative-taking opeatro. In "Adapting Functional Programs to Higher-Order Logic," Scott Owens and Konrad Slind present a variety of examples of terminiation proofs of functional programs written in HOL proof systems. Since...... HOL is a logic of total functions, one must explicitly address the termination of functions that are not primitive recursive. In "Flow-sensitive Type Systems and the Ambient Calculus," Torben Amtoft reports on what apperar to be the first type-based flow-sensitive topological analysis of ambient-calculus...
Higher order modes of coupled optical fibres
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Alexeyev, C N; Yavorsky, M A; Boklag, N A
The structure of hybrid higher order modes of two coupled weakly guiding identical optical fibres is studied. On the basis of perturbation theory with degeneracy for the vector wave equation expressions for modes with azimuthal angular number l ≥ 1 are obtained that allow for the spin–orbit interaction. The spectra of polarization corrections to the scalar propagation constants are calculated in a wide range of distances between the fibres. The limiting cases of widely and closely spaced fibres are studied. The obtained results can be used for studying the tunnelling of optical vortices in directional couplers and in matters concerned with information security
Theorem Proving In Higher Order Logics
Carreno, Victor A. (Editor); Munoz, Cesar A.; Tahar, Sofiene
The TPHOLs International Conference serves as a venue for the presentation of work in theorem proving in higher-order logics and related areas in deduction, formal specification, software and hardware verification, and other applications. Fourteen papers were submitted to Track B (Work in Progress), which are included in this volume. Authors of Track B papers gave short introductory talks that were followed by an open poster session. The FCM 2002 Workshop aimed to bring together researchers working on the formalisation of continuous mathematics in theorem proving systems with those needing such libraries for their applications. Many of the major higher order theorem proving systems now have a formalisation of the real numbers and various levels of real analysis support. This work is of interest in a number of application areas, such as formal methods development for hardware and software application and computer supported mathematics. The FCM 2002 consisted of three papers, presented by their authors at the workshop venue, and one invited talk.
Decidable Fragments of a Higher Order Calculus with Locations
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Hüttel, Hans; Godskesen, Jens Christian; Haagensen, Bjørn
Homer is a higher order process calculus with locations. In this paper we study Homer in the setting of the semantic finite control property, which is a finite reachability criterion that implies decidability of barbed bisimilarity. We show that strong and weak barbed bisimilarity are undecidable...
Higher-order rewriting and partial evaluation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Danvy, Olivier; Rose, Kristoffer H.
We demonstrate the usefulness of higher-order rewriting techniques for specializing programs, i.e., for partial evaluation. More precisely, we demonstrate how casting program specializers as combinatory reduction systems (CRSs) makes it possible to formalize the corresponding program...... transformations as meta-reductions, i.e., reductions in the internal "substitution calculus." For partial-evaluation problems, this means that instead of having to prove on a case-by-case basis that one's "two-level functions" operate properly, one can concisely formalize them as a combinatory reduction system...... and obtain as a corollary that static reduction does not go wrong and yields a well-formed residual program. We have found that the CRS substitution calculus provides an adequate expressive power to formalize partial evaluation: it provides sufficient termination strength while avoiding the need...
Higher order effects of pseudoparticles in QCD
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hietarinta, J.; Palmer, W.F.
Gauge invariant Green's functions of quark-antiquark bilinear densities in massless, two-color QCD are studied. Nonzero-energy fermion modes, pseudoparticle solutions with topological charge absolute value ν > 1, and n-point functions with n > 2. Some general properties of the O(Dirac constant) approximation are developed, enabling one to isolate and define the terms which contribute to a general n-point function. The higher effects it is found preserve the symmetry breakdown found earlier in the 2-point function (U(2) x U(2) → SU(2) x SU(2) x U(1)). It is shown that a previous 2-point function analysis is exact to order Dirac constant
Optimal explicit strong stability preserving Runge–Kutta methods with high linear order and optimal nonlinear order
Gottlieb, Sigal
High order spatial discretizations with monotonicity properties are often desirable for the solution of hyperbolic PDEs. These methods can advantageously be coupled with high order strong stability preserving time discretizations. The search for high order strong stability time-stepping methods with large allowable strong stability coefficient has been an active area of research over the last two decades. This research has shown that explicit SSP Runge-Kutta methods exist only up to fourth order. However, if we restrict ourselves to solving only linear autonomous problems, the order conditions simplify and this order barrier is lifted: explicit SSP Runge-Kutta methods of any linear order exist. These methods reduce to second order when applied to nonlinear problems. In the current work we aim to find explicit SSP Runge-Kutta methods with large allowable time-step, that feature high linear order and simultaneously have the optimal fourth order nonlinear order. These methods have strong stability coefficients that approach those of the linear methods as the number of stages and the linear order is increased. This work shows that when a high linear order method is desired, it may still be worthwhile to use methods with higher nonlinear order.
Constructing higher-order hydrodynamics: The third order
Grozdanov, Sašo; Kaplis, Nikolaos
Hydrodynamics can be formulated as the gradient expansion of conserved currents in terms of the fundamental fields describing the near-equilibrium fluid flow. In the relativistic case, the Navier-Stokes equations follow from the conservation of the stress-energy tensor to first order in derivatives. In this paper, we go beyond the presently understood second-order hydrodynamics and discuss the systematization of obtaining the hydrodynamic expansion to an arbitrarily high order. As an example of the algorithm that we present, we fully classify the gradient expansion at third order for neutral fluids in four dimensions, thus finding the most general next-to-leading-order corrections to the relativistic Navier-Stokes equations in curved space-time. In doing so, we list 20 new transport coefficient candidates in the conformal case and 68 in the nonconformal case. As we do not consider any constraints that could potentially arise from the local entropy current analysis, this is the maximal possible set of neutral third-order transport coefficients. To investigate the physical implications of these new transport coefficients, we obtain the third-order corrections to the linear dispersion relations that describe the propagation of diffusion and sound waves in relativistic fluids. We also compute the corrections to the scalar (spin-2) two-point correlation function of the third-order stress-energy tensor. Furthermore, as an example of a nonlinear hydrodynamic flow, we calculate the third-order corrections to the energy density of a boost-invariant Bjorken flow. Finally, we apply our field theoretic results to the N =4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills fluid at infinite 't Hooft coupling and an infinite number of colors to find the values of five new linear combinations of the conformal transport coefficients.
Higher Order Continuous SI Engine Observers
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Vesterholm, Thomas; Hendricks, Elbert; Houbak, Niels
A nonlinear compensator for the fuel film dynamics and a second order nonlinear observer for a spark ignition engine are presented in this paper. The compensator and observer are realized as continuous differential equations and an especially designed integration algorithm is used to integrate them...
The instruments of higher order thinking skills
Ahmad, S.; Prahmana, R. C. I.; Kenedi, A. K.; Helsa, Y.; Arianil, Y.; Zainil, M.
This research developed the standard of instrument for measuring the High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) ability of PGSD students. The research method used is development research with eight steps namely theoretical studies, operational definition, designation construct, dimensions and indicators, the preparation of the lattice, the preparation of grain, an analysis of legibility and Social desirability, field trials, and data analysis. In accordance with the type of data to be obtained in this study, the research instrument using validation sheet, implementation observation, and questionnaire. The results show that the instruments are valid and feasible to be used by expert and have been tested on PGSD students with 60% of PGSD students with low categorization.
First-order discrete Faddeev gravity at strongly varying fields
Khatsymovsky, V. M.
We consider the Faddeev formulation of general relativity (GR), which can be characterized by a kind of d-dimensional tetrad (typically d = 10) and a non-Riemannian connection. This theory is invariant w.r.t. the global, but not local, rotations in the d-dimensional space. There can be configurations with a smooth or flat metric, but with the tetrad that changes abruptly at small distances, a kind of "antiferromagnetic" structure. Previously, we discussed a first-order representation for the Faddeev gravity, which uses the orthogonal connection in the d-dimensional space as an independent variable. Using the discrete form of this formulation, we considered the spectrum of (elementary) area. This spectrum turns out to be physically reasonable just on a classical background with large connection like rotations by π, that is, with such an "antiferromagnetic" structure. In the discrete first-order Faddeev gravity, we consider such a structure with periodic cells and large connection and strongly changing tetrad field inside the cell. We show that this system in the continuum limit reduces to a generalization of the Faddeev system. The action is a sum of related actions of the Faddeev type and is still reduced to the GR action.
Higher order Fano graphene metamaterials for nanoscale optical sensing.
Guo, Xiangdong; Hu, Hai; Zhu, Xing; Yang, Xiaoxia; Dai, Qing
Plasmonic Fano metamaterials provide a unique platform for optical sensing applications due to their sharp spectral response and the ability to confine light to nanoscale regions that make them a strong prospect for refractive-index sensing. Higher order Fano resonance modes in noble metal plasmonic structures can further improve the sensitivity, but their applications are heavily limited by crosstalk between different modes due to the large damping rates and broadband spectral responses of the metal plasmon modes. Here, we create pure higher order Fano modes by designing asymmetric metamaterials comprised of a split-ring resonator and disk with a low-loss graphene plasmon. These higher order modes are highly sensitive to the nanoscale analyte (8 nm thick) both in refractive-index and in infrared vibrational fingerprint sensing, as demonstrated by the numerical calculation. The frequency sensitivity and figure-of-merit of the hexacontatetrapolar mode can reach 289 cm -1 per RIU and 29, respectively, and it can probe the weak infrared vibrational modes of the analyte with more than 400 times enhancement. The enhanced sensitivity and tunability of higher order Fano graphene metamaterials promise a high-performance nanoscale optical sensor.
Integrable higher order deformations of Heisenberg supermagnetic model
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Guo Jiafeng; Yan Zhaowen; Wang Shikun; Wu Ke; Zhao Weizhong
The Heisenberg supermagnet model is an integrable supersymmetric system and has a close relationship with the strong electron correlated Hubbard model. In this paper, we investigate the integrable higher order deformations of Heisenberg supermagnet models with two different constraints: (i) S 2 =3S-2I for S is an element of USPL(2/1)/S(U(2)xU(1)) and (ii) S 2 =S for S is an element of USPL(2/1)/S(L(1/1)xU(1)). In terms of the gauge transformation, their corresponding gauge equivalent counterparts are derived.
Strong Stability Preserving Explicit Runge--Kutta Methods of Maximal Effective Order
Hadjimichael, Yiannis
We apply the concept of effective order to strong stability preserving (SSP) explicit Runge--Kutta methods. Relative to classical Runge--Kutta methods, methods with an effective order of accuracy are designed to satisfy a relaxed set of order conditions but yield higher order accuracy when composed with special starting and stopping methods. We show that this allows the construction of four-stage SSP methods with effective order four (such methods cannot have classical order four). However, we also prove that effective order five methods---like classical order five methods---require the use of nonpositive weights and so cannot be SSP. By numerical optimization, we construct explicit SSP Runge--Kutta methods up to effective order four and establish the optimality of many of them. Numerical experiments demonstrate the validity of these methods in practice.
Skinner-Rusk unified formalism for higher-order systems
Prieto-Martínez, Pedro Daniel; Román-Roy, Narciso
The Lagrangian-Hamiltonian unified formalism of R. Skinner and R. Rusk was originally stated for autonomous dynamical systems in classical mechanics. It has been generalized for non-autonomous first-order mechanical systems, first-order and higher-order field theories, and higher-order autonomous systems. In this work we present a generalization of this formalism for higher-order non-autonomous mechanical systems.
Conceptualizing and Assessing Higher-Order Thinking in Reading
Afflerbach, Peter; Cho, Byeong-Young; Kim, Jong-Yun
Students engage in higher-order thinking as they read complex texts and perform complex reading-related tasks. However, the most consequential assessments, high-stakes tests, are currently limited in providing information about students' higher-order thinking. In this article, we describe higher-order thinking in relation to reading. We provide a…
Threshold resummation and higher order effects in QCD
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ringer, Felix Maximilian
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is a quantum field theory that describes the strong interactions between quarks and gluons, the building blocks of all hadrons. Thanks to the experimental progress over the past decades, there has been an ever-growing need for QCD precision calculations for scattering processes involving hadrons. For processes at large momentum transfer, perturbative QCD offers a systematic approach for obtaining precise predictions. This approach relies on two key concepts: the asymptotic freedom of QCD and factorization. In a perturbative calculation at higher orders, the infrared cancellation between virtual and real emission diagrams generally leaves behind logarithmic contributions. In many observables relevant for hadronic scattering these logarithms are associated with a kinematic threshold and are hence known as ''threshold logarithms''. They become large when the available phase space for real gluon emission shrinks. In order to obtain a reliable prediction from QCD, the threshold logarithms need to be taken into account to all orders in the strong coupling constant, a procedure known as ''threshold resummation''. The main focus of my PhD thesis is on studies of QCD threshold resummation effects beyond the next-to-leading logarithmic order. Here we primarily consider the production of hadron pairs in hadronic collisions as an example. In addition, we also consider hadronic jet production, which is particularly interesting for the phenomenology at the LHC. For both processes, we fully take into account the non-trivial QCD color structure of the underlying partonic hard- scattering cross sections. We find that threshold resummation leads to sizable numerical effects in the kinematic regimes relevant for comparisons to experimental data.
Recognition of higher order patterns in proteins: immunologic kernels.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Robert D Bremel
Full Text Available By applying analysis of the principal components of amino acid physical properties we predicted cathepsin cleavage sites, MHC binding affinity, and probability of B-cell epitope binding of peptides in tetanus toxin and in ten diverse additional proteins. Cross-correlation of these metrics, for peptides of all possible amino acid index positions, each evaluated in the context of a ±25 amino acid flanking region, indicated that there is a strongly repetitive pattern of short peptides of approximately thirty amino acids each bounded by cathepsin cleavage sites and each comprising B-cell linear epitopes, MHC-I and MHC-II binding peptides. Such "immunologic kernel" peptides comprise all signals necessary for adaptive immunologic cognition, response and recall. The patterns described indicate a higher order spatial integration that forms a symbolic logic coordinating the adaptive immune system.
Higher Order Bootstrap likelihood | Ogbonmwam | Journal of the ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
In this work, higher order optimal window width is used to generate bootstrap kernel density likelihood. A simulated study is conducted to compare the distributions of the higher order bootstrap likelihoods with the exact (empirical) bootstrap likelihood. Our results indicate that the optimal window width of orders 2 and 4 ...
Adaptive Integral Method for Higher Order Method of Moments
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kim, Oleksiy S.; Meincke, Peter
The adaptive integral method (AIM) is combined with the higher order method of moments (MoM) to solve integral equations. The technique takes advantage of the low computational complexity and memory requirements of the AIM and the reduced number of unknowns and higher order convergence of higher...
Higher-Order Finite Element Solutions of Option Prices
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Raahauge, Peter
Kinks and jumps in the payoff function of option contracts prevent an effectiveimplementation of higher-order numerical approximation methods. Moreover, thederivatives (the greeks) are not easily determined around such singularities, even withstandard lower-order methods. This paper suggests...
Higher Order Output Filter Design for Grid Connected Power Converters.
Parikshith, BC; John, Vinod
Design of higher order LCL filters that are used in grid-connected inverter applications involves multiple constraints. The filter requirements are driven by tight filtering tolerances of standards such as IEEE 519-1992 and IEEE P1547.2- 2003. Higher order LCL filters are essential to achieve these regulatory standard requirements at compact size and weight. This paper discusses the design procedure for these higher order LCL filters. The design procedure is analysed in per-unit basis so resu...
Higher-order Gaussian kernel in bootstrap boosting algorithm ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The bootstrap boosting algorithm is a bias reduction scheme. The adoption of higher-order Gaussian kernel in a bootstrap boosting algorithm in kernel density estimation was investigated. The algorithm used the higher-order. Gaussian kernel instead of the regular fixed kernels. A comparison of the scheme with existing ...
Higher-Order Factors of Personality: Do They Exist?
Ashton, Michael C.; Lee, Kibeom; Goldberg, Lewis R.; de Vries, Reinout E.
Scales that measure the Big Five personality factors are often substantially intercorrelated. These correlations are sometimes interpreted as implying the existence of two higher-order factors of personality. We show that correlations between measures of broad personality factors do not necessarily imply the existence of higher-order factors, and might instead be due to variables that represent same...
Promoting Higher Order Thinking Skills Using Inquiry-Based Learning
Madhuri, G. V.; Kantamreddi, V. S. S. N; Prakash Goteti, L. N. S.
Active learning pedagogies play an important role in enhancing higher order cognitive skills among the student community. In this work, a laboratory course for first year engineering chemistry is designed and executed using an inquiry-based learning pedagogical approach. The goal of this module is to promote higher order thinking skills in…
Higher-Order Hybrid Gaussian Kernel in Meshsize Boosting Algorithm
African Journals Online (AJOL)
In this paper, we shall use higher-order hybrid Gaussian kernel in a meshsize boosting algorithm in kernel density estimation. Bias reduction is guaranteed in this scheme like other existing schemes but uses the higher-order hybrid Gaussian kernel instead of the regular fixed kernels. A numerical verification of this scheme ...
The Role of Formative Feedback in Promoting Higher Order ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
study didn't focus on the role of specific learning errors and no evidence was provided to show that the instructional tasks provided were meant to measure higher order thinking. For feedback to promote higher order thinking, it is proposed that teachers must structure the classroom learning environment in ways that the ...
Higher order Lie-Baecklund symmetries of evolution equations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Roy Chowdhury, A.; Roy Chowdhury, K.; Paul, S.
We have considered in detail the analysis of higher order Lie-Baecklund symmetries for some representative nonlinear evolution equations. Until now all such symmetry analyses have been restricted only to the first order of the infinitesimal parameter. But the existence of Baecklund transformation (which can be shown to be an overall sum of higher order Lie-Baecklund symmetries) makes it necessary to search for such higher order Lie-Baecklund symmetries directly without taking recourse to the Baecklund transformation or inverse scattering technique. (author)
Improved Multilevel Fast Multipole Method for Higher-Order discretizations
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Borries, Oscar Peter; Meincke, Peter; Jorgensen, Erik
The Multilevel Fast Multipole Method (MLFMM) allows for a reduced computational complexity when solving electromagnetic scattering problems. Combining this with the reduced number of unknowns provided by Higher-Order discretizations has proven to be a difficult task, with the general conclusion...... being that going above 2nd order is not worthwhile. In this paper, we challenge this conclusion, providing results that demonstrate the potential performance gains with Higher-Order MLFMM and showing some modifications to the traditional MLFMM that can benefit both Higher-Order and standard...
Application of Mass Lumped Higher Order Finite Elements
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
J. Chen, H.R. Strauss, S.C. Jardin, W. Park, L.E. Sugiyama, G. Fu, J. Breslau
There are many interesting phenomena in extended-MHD such as anisotropic transport, mhd, 2-fluid effects stellarator and hot particles. Any one of them challenges numerical analysts, and researchers are seeking for higher order methods, such as higher order finite difference, higher order finite elements and hp/spectral elements. It is true that these methods give more accurate solution than their linear counterparts. However, numerically they are prohibitively expensive. Here we give a successful solution of this conflict by applying mass lumped higher order finite elements. This type of elements not only keep second/third order accuracy but also scale closely to linear elements by doing mass lumping. This is especially true for second order lump elements. Full M3D and anisotropic transport models are studied
Neural classifiers for learning higher-order correlations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Gueler, M.
Studies by various authors suggest that higher-order networks can be more powerful and biologically more plausible with respect to the more traditional multilayer networks. These architecture make explicit use of nonlinear interactions between input variables in the form of higher-order units or product units. If it is known a priori that the problem to be implemented possesses a given set of invariances like in the translation, rotation, and scale invariant recognition problems, those invariances can be encoded, thus eliminating all higher-order terms which are incompatible with the invariances. In general, however, it is a serious set-back that the complexity of learning increases exponentially with the size of inputs. This paper reviews higher-order networks and introduces an implicit representation in which learning complexity is mainly decided by the number of higher-order terms to be learned and increases only linearly with the input size
Higher-order momentum distributions and locally affine LDDMM registration
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sommer, Stefan Horst; Nielsen, Mads; Darkner, Sune
higher-order momentum distributions in the large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping (LDDMM) registration framework. While the zeroth-order moments previously used in LDDMM only describe local displacement, the first-order momenta that are proposed here represent a basis that allows local...
Dynamical analysis of strongly nonlinear fractional-order Mathieu-Duffing equation
Wen, Shao-Fang; Shen, Yong-Jun; Wang, Xiao-Na; Yang, Shao-Pu; Xing, Hai-Jun
In this paper, the computation schemes for periodic solutions of the forced fractional-order Mathieu-Duffing equation are derived based on incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method. The general forms of periodic solutions are founded by the IHB method, which could be useful to obtain the periodic solutions with higher precision. The comparisons of the approximate analytical solutions by the IHB method and numerical integration are fulfilled, and the results certify the correctness and higher precision of the solutions by the IHB method. The dynamical analysis of strongly nonlinear fractional-order Mathieu-Duffing equation is investigated by the IHB method. Then, the effects of the excitation frequency, fractional order, fractional coefficient, and nonlinear stiffness coefficient on the complex dynamical behaviors are analyzed. At last, the detailed results are summarized and the conclusions are made, which present some useful information to analyze and/or control the dynamical response of this kind of system.
The differential geometry of higher order jets and tangent bundles
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
De Leon, M.; Rodrigues, P.R.
This chapter is devoted to the study of basic geometrical notions required for the development of the main object of the text. Some facts about Jet theory are reviewed. A particular case of Jet manifolds is considered: the tangent bundle of higher order. It is shown that this jet bundle possesses in a canonical way a certain kind of geometric structure, the so called almost tangent structure of higher order, and which is a generalization of the almost tangent geometry of the tangent bundle. Another important fact examined is the extension of the notion of 'spray' to higher order tangent bundles. (Auth.)
Generating superpositions of higher order bessel beams [Conference paper
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Vasilyeu, R
Full Text Available An experimental setup to generate a superposition of higher-order Bessel beams by means of a spatial light modulator and ring aperture is presented. The experimentally produced fields are in good agreement with those calculated theoretically....
Higher-order RANS turbulence models for separated flows
National Aeronautics and Space Administration — Higher-order Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) models are developed to overcome the shortcomings of second-moment RANS models in predicting separated flows....
Higher-order curvature terms and extended inflation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wang Yun
We consider higher-order curvature terms in context of the Brans-Dicke theory of gravity, and investigate the effects of these terms on extended inflationary theories. We find that the higher-order curvature terms tend to speed up inflation, although the original extended-inflation solutions are stable when these terms are small. Analytical solutions are found for two extreme cases: when the higher-order curvature terms are small, and when they dominate. A conformal transformation is employed in solving the latter case, and some of the subtleties in this technique are discussed. We note that percolation is less likely to occur when the higher-order curvature terms are present. An upper bound on α is expected if we are to avoid excessive and inadequate percolation of true-vacuum bubbles
Unambiguous formalism for higher order Lagrangian field theories
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Campos, Cedric M; De Leon, Manuel; De Diego, David MartIn; Vankerschaver, Joris
The aim of this paper is to propose an unambiguous intrinsic formalism for higher order field theories which avoids the arbitrariness in the generalization of the conventional description of field theories, and implies the existence of different Cartan forms and Legendre transformations. We propose a differential-geometric setting for the dynamics of a higher order field theory, based on the Skinner and Rusk formalism for mechanics. This approach incorporates aspects of both the Lagrangian and the Hamiltonian description, since the field equations are formulated using the Lagrangian on a higher order jet bundle and the canonical multisymplectic form on its affine dual. As both of these objects are uniquely defined, the Skinner-Rusk approach has the advantage that it does not suffer from the arbitrariness in conventional descriptions. The result is that we obtain a unique and global intrinsic version of the Euler-Lagrange equations for higher order field theories. Several examples illustrate our construction.
Higher-Order Separation Logic in Isabelle/HOLCF
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Varming, Carsten; Birkedal, Lars
or greatest fixed points etc. The higher-order logic ensures that we can show non-trivial algorithms correct without having to extend the semantics of the language as was done previously in verifications based on first-order separation logic [2,20]. We provide non-trivial examples to support this claim...... and to show how the higher-order logic enables natural assertions in specifications. To support abstract reasoning we have implemented rules for representation hiding and data abstraction as seen in [1]. The logic is represented as lemmas for reasoning about the denotational semantics of the programming......We formalize higher-order separation logic for a first-order imperative language with procedures and local variables in Isabelle/HOLCF. The assertion language is modeled in such a way that one may use any theory defined in Isabelle/HOLCF to construct assertions, e.g., primitive recursion, least...
Higher order aberrations of the eye: Part one
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marsha Oberholzer
Full Text Available This article is the first in a series of two articles that provide a comprehensive literature review of higher order aberrations (HOAs of the eye. The present article mainly explains the general principles of such HOAs as well as HOAs of importance, and the measuring apparatus used to measure HOAs of the eye. The second article in the series discusses factors contributing to variable results in measurements of HOAs of the eye.Keywords: Higher order aberrations; wavefront aberrations; aberrometer
Higher order aberrations of the eye: Part one
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Marsha Oberholzer
Full Text Available This article is the first in a series of two articles that provide a comprehensive literature review of higher order aberrations (HOAs of the eye. The present article mainly explains the general principles of such HOAs as well as HOAs of importance, and the measuring apparatus used to measure HOAs of the eye. The second article in the series discusses factors contributing to variable results in measurements of HOAs of the eye. Keywords: Higher order aberrations; wavefront aberrations; aberrometer
Linear matrix differential equations of higher-order and applications
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Mustapha Rachidi
Full Text Available In this article, we study linear differential equations of higher-order whose coefficients are square matrices. The combinatorial method for computing the matrix powers and exponential is adopted. New formulas representing auxiliary results are obtained. This allows us to prove properties of a large class of linear matrix differential equations of higher-order, in particular results of Apostol and Kolodner are recovered. Also illustrative examples and applications are presented.
All-fiber Raman Probe using Higher Order Modes
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Larsen, Stine Højer Møller; Rishøj, Lars Søgaard; Rottwitt, Karsten
We demonstrate the first all-fiber Raman probe utilizing higher order modes for the excitation. The spectrum of cyclohexane is measured using both the fundamental mode as well as in-fiber-generated Bessel-like modes.......We demonstrate the first all-fiber Raman probe utilizing higher order modes for the excitation. The spectrum of cyclohexane is measured using both the fundamental mode as well as in-fiber-generated Bessel-like modes....
Higher-Order Finite Element Solutions of Option Prices
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Raahauge, Peter
Kinks and jumps in the payoff function of option contracts prevent an effectiveimplementation of higher-order numerical approximation methods. Moreover, thederivatives (the greeks) are not easily determined around such singularities, even withstandard lower-order methods. This paper suggests a tr...
Eigenvalue Problem of Nonlinear Semipositone Higher Order Fractional Differential Equations
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jing Wu
Full Text Available We study the eigenvalue interval for the existence of positive solutions to a semipositone higher order fractional differential equation = = where , , , , satisfying , is the standard Riemann-Liouville derivative, , and is allowed to be changing-sign. By using reducing order method, the eigenvalue interval of existence for positive solutions is obtained.
Positive solutions for higher order singular p-Laplacian boundary ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
of positive solutions for sublinear 2m-th order singular p-Laplacian BVPs on closed interval. Keywords. Positive solution; singular BVPs; sufficient and necessary conditions; p-Laplacian equations. 1. Introduction. In this paper, we are concerned with higher order singular p-Laplacian boundary value problems. ⎧. ⎨. ⎩.
Higher-Order Integral Equation Methods in Computational Electromagnetics
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jørgensen, Erik; Meincke, Peter
Higher-order integral equation methods have been investigated. The study has focused on improving the accuracy and efficiency of the Method of Moments (MoM) applied to electromagnetic problems. A new set of hierarchical Legendre basis functions of arbitrary order is developed. The new basis...... by a factor of 10 in comparison to the existing technique. The hybrid technique includes the coupling between the MoM and PO regions and numerical results are presented to illustrate the accuracy. The hierarchical feature of the new higher-order Legendre basis functions allows a flexible selection...
The Cauchy problem for higher order abstract differential equations
Xiao, Ti-Jun
This monograph is the first systematic exposition of the theory of the Cauchy problem for higher order abstract linear differential equations, which covers all the main aspects of the developed theory. The main results are complete with detailed proofs and established recently, containing the corresponding theorems for first and incomplete second order cases and therefore for operator semigroups and cosine functions. They will find applications in many fields. The special power of treating the higher order problems directly is demonstrated, as well as that of the vector-valued Laplace transforms in dealing with operator differential equations and operator families. The reader is expected to have a knowledge of complex and functional analysis.
Multilevel Fast Multipole Method for Higher Order Discretizations
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Borries, Oscar Peter; Meincke, Peter; Jorgensen, Erik
The multi-level fast multipole method (MLFMM) for a higher order (HO) discretization is demonstrated on high-frequency (HF) problems, illustrating for the first time how an efficient MLFMM for HO can be achieved even for very large groups. Applying several novel ideas, beneficial to both lower...... order and higher order discretizations, results from a low-memory, high-speed MLFMM implementation of a HO hierarchical discretization are shown. These results challenge the general view that the benefits of HO and HF-MLFMM cannot be combined....
Higher-order Fourier analysis over finite fields and applications
Hatami, Pooya
Higher-order Fourier analysis is a powerful tool in the study of problems in additive and extremal combinatorics, for instance the study of arithmetic progressions in primes, where the traditional Fourier analysis comes short. In recent years, higher-order Fourier analysis has found multiple applications in computer science in fields such as property testing and coding theory. In this thesis, we develop new tools within this theory with several new applications such as a characterization theorem in algebraic property testing. One of our main contributions is a strong near-equidistribution result for regular collections of polynomials. The densities of small linear structures in subsets of Abelian groups can be expressed as certain analytic averages involving linear forms. Higher-order Fourier analysis examines such averages by approximating the indicator function of a subset by a function of bounded number of polynomials. Then, to approximate the average, it suffices to know the joint distribution of the polynomials applied to the linear forms. We prove a near-equidistribution theorem that describes these distributions for the group F(n/p) when p is a fixed prime. This fundamental fact was previously known only under various extra assumptions about the linear forms or the field size. We use this near-equidistribution theorem to settle a conjecture of Gowers and Wolf on the true complexity of systems of linear forms. Our next application is towards a characterization of testable algebraic properties. We prove that every locally characterized affine-invariant property of functions f : F(n/p) → R with n∈ N, is testable. In fact, we prove that any such property P is proximity-obliviously testable. More generally, we show that any affine-invariant property that is closed under subspace restrictions and has "bounded complexity" is testable. We also prove that any property that can be described as the property of decomposing into a known structure of low
Higher order QCD corrections in small x physics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Chachamis, G.
We study higher order QCD corrections in small x Physics. The numerical implementation of the full NLO photon impact factor is the remaining necessary piece for the testing of the NLO BFKL resummation against data from physical processes, such as γ * γ * collisions. We perform the numerical integration over phase space for the virtual corrections to the NLO photon impact factor. This, along with the previously calculated real corrections, makes feasible in the near future first estimates for the γ*γ* total cross section, since the convolution of the full impact factor with the NLO BFKL gluon Green's function is now straightforward. The NLO corrections for the photon impact factor are sizeable and negative. In the second part of this thesis, we estimate higher order correction to the BK equation. We are mainly interested in whether partonic saturation delays or not in rapidity when going beyond the leading order. In our investigation, we use the so called 'rapidity veto' which forbid two emissions to be very close in rapidity, to 'switch on' higher order corrections to the BK equation. From analytic and numerical analysis, we conclude that indeed saturation does delay in rapidity when higher order corrections are taken into account. In the last part, we investigate higher order QCD corrections as additional corrections to the Electroweak (EW) sector. The question of whether BFKL corrections are of any importance in the Regge limit for the EW sector seems natural; although they arise in higher loop level, the accumulation of logarithms in energy s at high energies, cannot be dismissed without an investigation. We focus on the process γγ→ZZ. We calculate the pQCD corrections in the forward region at leading logarithmic (LL) BFKL accuracy, which are of the order of few percent at the TeV energy scale. (orig.)
Interactions, strings and isotopies in higher order anisotropic superspaces
Vacaru, Sergiu Ion
The monograph summarizes the author's results on the geometry of anholonomic and locally anisotropic interactions, published in J. Math. Phys., Nucl. Phys. B, Ann. Phys. (NY), JHEP, Rep. Math. Phys., Int. J. Theor. Phys. and in some former Soviet Union and Romanian scientific journals. The main subjects are in the theory of field interactions, strings and diffusion processes on spaces, superspaces and isospaces with higher order anisotropy and inhomogeneity. The approach proceeds by developing the concept of higher order anisotropic (super)space which unifies the logical and manthematical aspects of modern Kaluza--Klein theories and generalized Lagrange and Finsler geometry and leads to modeling of physical processes on higher order fiber (super)bundles provided with nonlinear and distinguished connections and metric structures. This book can be also considered as a pedagogical survey on the mentioned subjects.
Higher-order modulation instability in nonlinear fiber optics.
Erkintalo, Miro; Hammani, Kamal; Kibler, Bertrand; Finot, Christophe; Akhmediev, Nail; Dudley, John M; Genty, Goëry
We report theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies of higher-order modulation instability in the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This higher-order instability arises from the nonlinear superposition of elementary instabilities, associated with initial single breather evolution followed by a regime of complex, yet deterministic, pulse splitting. We analytically describe the process using the Darboux transformation and compare with experiments in optical fiber. We show how a suitably low frequency modulation on a continuous wave field induces higher-order modulation instability splitting with the pulse characteristics at different phases of evolution related by a simple scaling relationship. We anticipate that similar processes are likely to be observed in many other systems including plasmas, Bose-Einstein condensates, and deep water waves. © 2011 American Physical Society
Filtering of higher-order laser modes using plasma structures
Djordjevic, Blagoje; Benedetti, Carlo; Schroeder, Carl; Esarey, Eric; Leemans, Wim
Plasma structures based on leaky channels are proposed to filter higher-order laser mode content. The evolution and propagation of non-Gaussian laser pulses in leaky channels is studied, and it is shown that, for appropriate laser-plasma parameters, the higher-order laser mode content may be removed while the fundamental mode remains well-guided. The behavior of the multi-mode laser pulse is described analytically, including the derivation of the leakage coefficients, and compared to numerical calculations. Gaussian laser pulse propagation, without higher-order mode content, improves guiding in parabolic plasma channels, enabling extended interaction lengths for laser-plasma accelerator applications. This work was supported by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.
Meta-Logical Reasoning in Higher-Order Logic
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Villadsen, Jørgen; Schlichtkrull, Anders; Hess, Andreas Viktor
The semantics of first-order logic (FOL) can be described in the meta-language of higher-order logic (HOL). Using HOL one can prove key properties of FOL such as soundness and completeness. Furthermore, one can prove sentences in FOL valid using the formalized FOL semantics. To aid in the constru...... in the construction of the proof an interactive proof assistant like Isabelle can be used. The proof assistant can even automate simple proofs using the formalized FOL semantics....
Higher order mode laser beam scintillations in oceanic medium
Baykal, Yahya
In a horizontal oceanic optical wireless communication link, the scintillation index (the measure for the intensity fluctuations) of the received intensity caused by the oceanic turbulence is formulated and evaluated when the source is a higher order mode laser. Variations in the scintillation index vs. the underwater turbulence parameters, size of the higher order mode laser source, link length, and the wavelength are examined. Underwater turbulence parameters are the ratio that determines the relative strength of temperature and salinity in driving the index fluctuations, the rate of dissipation of the mean squared temperature, the rate of dissipation of the turbulent kinetic energy, and the Kolmogorov microscale length.
Contingentism about Individuals and Higher-Order Necessitism
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Manuel Pérez Otero
Full Text Available Necessitism about individuals claims that necessarily every individual necessarily exists. An analogous necessitist thesis attributes necessary existence to properties and relations. Both theses have been defended by Williamson. Furthermore, Williamson specifically argues against the hybrid conjunction of first-order contingentism (the negation of necessitism about individuals and higher-order necessitism; a combination that would bring about additional drawbacks. I work out a defence of the hybrid combination, including some replies to Williamson's additional objections. Considerations of ontological parsimony and pre-theoretical intuitions favour the hybrid view over necessitism at all orders (which Williamson mainly defends by invoking considerations of simplicity.
Oscillation of solutions of some higher order linear differential equations
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hong-Yan Xu
Full Text Available In this paper, we deal with the order of growth and the hyper order of solutions of higher order linear differential equations $$f^{(k}+B_{k-1}f^{(k-1}+\\cdots+B_1f'+B_0f=F$$ where $B_j(z (j=0,1,\\ldots,k-1$ and $F$ are entire functions or polynomials. Some results are obtained which improve and extend previous results given by Z.-X. Chen, J. Wang, T.-B. Cao and C.-H. Li.
Higher order contribution to the propagation characteristics of low ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
3. — journal of. September 2004 physics pp. 579–593. Higher order contribution to the propagation characteristics of low frequency transverse waves in a dusty plasma. A P MISRA1, A ROY CHOWDHURY1 and S N PAUL2. 1High Energy Physics Division, Department of Physics, Jadavpur University,. Kolkata 700 032, India.
Higher Order Language Competence and Adolescent Mental Health
Cohen, Nancy J.; Farnia, Fataneh; Im-Bolter, Nancie
Background: Clinic and community-based epidemiological studies have shown an association between child psychopathology and language impairment. The demands on language for social and academic adjustment shift dramatically during adolescence and the ability to understand the nonliteral meaning in language represented by higher order language…
Developing Higher-Order Thinking Skills through WebQuests
Polly, Drew; Ausband, Leigh
In this study, 32 teachers participated in a year-long professional development project related to technology integration in which they designed and implemented a WebQuest. This paper describes the extent to which higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) and levels of technology implementation (LoTI) occur in the WebQuests that participants designed.…
Higher Order Multiple Births in Nigeria: Experiences, Challenges ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
Higher Order Multiple Births in Nigeria: Experiences, Challenges and. Neonatal Outcomes in a Private Health Facility. B Ezenwa, O Oseni, P Akintan1, P Aligwekwe, B Chukwukelu2, O Fashola3, A Ogunmokun3, O Odukoya3. Original Article. Departments of Paediatrics,. 2Obstetrics and Gynaecology and 3Family Medicine,.
First Measurements of Higher Order Optics Parameters in the LHC
Vanbavinckhove, G; Bartolini, R; Calaga, R; Giovannozzi, M; Maclean, E H; Miyamoto, R; Schmidt, F; Tomas, R
Higher order effects can play an important role in the performance of the LHC. Lack of knowledge of these pa- rameters can increase the tune footprint and compromise the beam lifetime. First measurements of these parameters at injection and flattop have been conducted. Detailed sim- ulations are compared to the measurements together with discussions on the measurement limitations.
Positive solutions for higher order singular p-Laplacian boundary ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Home; Journals; Proceedings – Mathematical Sciences; Volume 118; Issue 2. Positive Solutions for Higher Order Singular -Laplacian Boundary Value Problems. Guoliang Shi Junhong Zhang ... Guoliang Shi1 Junhong Zhang1. Department of Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China ...
Numerical methods of higher order of accuracy for incompressible flows
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Kozel, K.; Louda, Petr; Příhoda, Jaromír
Roč. 80, č. 8 (2010), s. 1734-1745 ISSN 0378-4754 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20760514 Keywords : higher order methods * upwind methods * backward-facing step Subject RIV: BK - Fluid Dynamics Impact factor: 0.812, year: 2010
Higher-order factors of personality: Do they exist?
Ashton, M.C.; Lee, K.; Goldberg, L.R.; de Vries, R.E.
Scales that measure the Big Five personality factors are often substantially intercorrelated. These correlations are sometimes interpreted as implying the existence of two higher order factors of personality. The authors show that correlations between measures of broad personality factors do not
asking questions for higher order thinking in visual literacy
African Journals Online (AJOL)
teachers themselves must have expertise in questioning skills to promote higher order cognition among learners. ... cognitive questions that teachers engage their learners in, for learning, and for formative assessment. ... and the recognition that they can be active and empowering agents of change in the classroom.
On existence and stability of solutions for higher order semilinear ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Home; Journals; Proceedings – Mathematical Sciences; Volume 118; Issue 4. On Existence and Stability of Solutions for Higher Order Semilinear Dirichlet Problems. Marek Galewski ... Author Affiliations. Marek Galewski1. Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Lodz, Banacha 22, 90-238 Lodz, Poland ...
Practical Programming with Higher-Order Encodings and Dependent Types
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Poswolsky, Adam; Schürmann, Carsten
, tedious, and error-prone. In this paper, we describe the underlying calculus of Delphin. Delphin is a fully implemented functional-programming language supporting reasoning over higher-order encodings and dependent types, while maintaining the benefits of HOAS. More specifically, just as representations...
Constrained variational calculus for higher order classical field theories
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Campos, Cedric M; De Leon, Manuel; De Diego, David MartIn
We develop an intrinsic geometrical setting for higher order constrained field theories. As a main tool we use an appropriate generalization of the classical Skinner-Rusk formalism. Some examples of applications are studied, in particular to the geometrical description of optimal control theory for partial differential equations.
Higher-Order Hierarchical Legendre Basis Functions in Applications
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kim, Oleksiy S.; Jørgensen, Erik; Meincke, Peter
degree of orthogonality. The basis functions are well-suited for solution of complex electromagnetic problems involving multiple homogeneous or inhomogeneous dielectric regions, metallic surfaces, layered media, etc. This paper presents real-life complex antenna radiation problems modeled...... with electromagnetic simulation tools based on the higher-order hierarchical Legendre basis functions....
Impact of higher-order dispersion in the modulational instability ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Feb 8, 2014 ... Home; Journals; Pramana – Journal of Physics; Volume 82; Issue 2. Impact of higher-order dispersion in the modulational instability spectrum of a relaxing coupled saturable media. K Nithyanandan R Vasantha Jayakantha Raja T Uthayakumar K Porsezian. Contributed Papers Volume 82 Issue 2 February ...
Impact of higher-order dispersion in the modulational instability ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Feb 8, 2014 ... in which higher-order dispersion plays a decisive role. 2. Theoretical model. In the regime of ultrashort pulses, the pulse propagation in nonlinear medium needs to include the finite response time of the nonlinearity. The delay in the saturable medium is given by the simple relaxation model as follows: ∂E.
Higher Order Risk Attitudes, Demographics, and Financial Decisions
Noussair, C.N.; Trautmann, S.T.; van de Kuilen, G.
We conduct an experiment to study the prevalence of the higher order risk attitudes of prudence and temperance, in a large demographically representative sample, as well as in a sample of undergraduate students. Participants make pairwise choices between lotteries of the form proposed by Eeckhoudt
Construction of Integrals of Higher-Order Mappings
Maruno, Ken-ichi; Quispel, G. R. W.
We find that certain higher-order mappings arise as reductions of the integrable discrete A-type KP (AKP) and B-type KP (BKP) equations. We find conservation laws for the AKP and BKP equations, then we use these conservation laws to derive integrals of the associated reduced maps.
Squeezing of higher order Hermite-Gauss modes
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lassen, Mikael Østergaard
The present paper gives an overview of the experimental generation of squeezing in higher order Hermite-Gaussian modes with an optical parametric ampli¯er (OPA). This work was awarded with The European Optical Society (EOS) price 2007. The purpose of the prize is to encourage a European dimension...
Higher-order ionospheric error at Arecibo, Millstone, and Jicamarca
Matteo, N. A.; Morton, Y. T.
The ionosphere is a dominant source of Global Positioning System receiver range measurement error. Although dual-frequency receivers can eliminate the first-order ionospheric error, most second- and third-order errors remain in the range measurements. Higher-order ionospheric error is a function of both electron density distribution and the magnetic field vector along the GPS signal propagation path. This paper expands previous efforts by combining incoherent scatter radar (ISR) electron density measurements, the International Reference Ionosphere model, exponential decay extensions of electron densities, the International Geomagnetic Reference Field, and total electron content maps to compute higher-order error at ISRs in Arecibo, Puerto Rico; Jicamarca, Peru; and Millstone Hill, Massachusetts. Diurnal patterns, dependency on signal direction, seasonal variation, and geomagnetic activity dependency are analyzed. Higher-order error is largest at Arecibo with code phase maxima circa 7 cm for low-elevation southern signals. The maximum variation of the error over all angles of arrival is circa 8 cm.
An Algorithm for Higher Order Hopf Normal Forms
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A.Y.T. Leung
Full Text Available Normal form theory is important for studying the qualitative behavior of nonlinear oscillators. In some cases, higher order normal forms are required to understand the dynamic behavior near an equilibrium or a periodic orbit. However, the computation of high-order normal forms is usually quite complicated. This article provides an explicit formula for the normalization of nonlinear differential equations. The higher order normal form is given explicitly. Illustrative examples include a cubic system, a quadratic system and a Duffing–Van der Pol system. We use exact arithmetic and find that the undamped Duffing equation can be represented by an exact polynomial differential amplitude equation in a finite number of terms.
Speckle reduction via higher order total variation approach.
Wensen Feng; Hong Lei; Yang Gao
Multiplicative noise (also known as speckle) reduction is a prerequisite for many image-processing tasks in coherent imaging systems, such as the synthetic aperture radar. One approach extensively used in this area is based on total variation (TV) regularization, which can recover significantly sharp edges of an image, but suffers from the staircase-like artifacts. In order to overcome the undesirable deficiency, we propose two novel models for removing multiplicative noise based on total generalized variation (TGV) penalty. The TGV regularization has been mathematically proven to be able to eliminate the staircasing artifacts by being aware of higher order smoothness. Furthermore, an efficient algorithm is developed for solving the TGV-based optimization problems. Numerical experiments demonstrate that our proposed methods achieve state-of-the-art results, both visually and quantitatively. In particular, when the image has some higher order smoothness, our methods outperform the TV-based algorithms.
Higher order mode damping in Kaon factory RF cavities
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Enegren, T.; Poirier, R.; Griffin, J.; Walling, L.; Thiessen, H.A.; Smythe, W.R.
Proposed designs for Kaon factory accelerators require that the rf cavities support beam currents on the order of several amperes. The beam current has Fourier components at all multiples of the rf frequency. Empty rf buckets produce additional components at all multiples of the revolution frequency. If a Fourier component of the beam coincides with the resonant frequency of a higher order mode of the cavity, which is inevitable if the cavity has a large frequency swing, significant excitation of this mode can occur. The induced voltage may then excite coupled bunch mode instabilities. Effective means are required to damp higher order modes without significantly affecting the fundamental mode. A mode damping scheme based on coupled transmission lines has been investigated and is report
Higher-Order Cyclostationarity Detection for Spectrum Sensing
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Julien Renard
Full Text Available Recent years have shown a growing interest in the concept of Cognitive Radios (CRs, able to access portions of the electromagnetic spectrum in an opportunistic operating way. Such systems require efficient detectors able to work in low Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR environments, with little or no information about the signals they are trying to detect. Energy detectors are widely used to perform such blind detection tasks, but quickly reach the so-called SNR wall below which detection becomes impossible Tandra (2005. Cyclostationarity detectors are an interesting alternative to energy detectors, as they exploit hidden periodicities present in man-made signals, but absent in noise. Such detectors use quadratic transformations of the signals to extract the hidden sine-waves. While most of the literature focuses on the second-order transformations of the signals, we investigate the potential of higher-order transformations of the signals. Using the theory of Higher-Order Cyclostationarity (HOCS, we derive a fourth-order detector that performs similarly to the second-order ones to detect linearly modulated signals, at SNR around 0 dB, which may be used if the signals of interest do not exhibit second-order cyclostationarity. More generally this paper reviews the relevant aspects of the cyclostationary and HOCS theory, and shows their potential for spectrum sensing.
Hots (Higher Order Thinking Skill in Reading Exercise
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zaharil Anasy
Full Text Available Abstract The objective of this study is to get empirical evidence of the distribution of the higher order thinking skill based on the revised edition of Bloom's Taxonomy in the essay question of the reading exercises in "Pathway to English textbook" for the 11th grade of senior high school student.This study uses the content analysis method to identify specified characteristics of the material in the textbook. The data of essay reading questions are collected by using "Pathway to English textbook" and the analysis card as the data sources and the checklist table. The writer finds that the distribution of the higher order thinking level is lower than the lower order thinking level. The data also shows that the distribution of the higher order thinking skill in the essay reading questions in the Pathway to English textbook is unequal. It doesn't treat the higher order thinking skill properly, particularly the create skill which doesn't exist in the essay reading questions. It only gives more emphasis on the analyzed skill by obtaining the highest number among the three skills in the higher order thinking level. Abstrak Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris distribusi keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi berdasarkan Taksonomi Bloom edisi revisi dalam pertanyaan esai latihan membaca "Pathway to English textbook" untuk siswa SMA kelas 11. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis isi untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik materi dalam buku teks.. Data pertanyaan membaca.esai dikumpulkan menggunakan "Pathway to English Textbook" dan kartu analisis sebagai sumber data dan tabel ceklis.. Penulis menemukan bahwa distribusi keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi lebih rendah dari keterampilan berpikir tingkat rendah. Data juga menunjukkan bahwa distribusi keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi dalam pertanyaan esai membaca dalam buku Pathway to English Textbook tidak seimbang. Buku ini tidak memperlakukan keterampilan
Higher-order techniques for some problems of nonlinear control
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Sarychev Andrey V.
Full Text Available A natural first step when dealing with a nonlinear problem is an application of some version of linearization principle. This includes the well known linearization principles for controllability, observability and stability and also first-order optimality conditions such as Lagrange multipliers rule or Pontryagin's maximum principle. In many interesting and important problems of nonlinear control the linearization principle fails to provide a solution. In the present paper we provide some examples of how higher-order methods of differential geometric control theory can be used for the study nonlinear control systems in such cases. The presentation includes: nonlinear systems with impulsive and distribution-like inputs; second-order optimality conditions for bang–bang extremals of optimal control problems; methods of high-order averaging for studying stability and stabilization of time-variant control systems.
Higher-Order Spectrum in Understanding Nonlinearity in EEG Rhythms
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Cauchy Pradhan
Full Text Available The fundamental nature of the brain's electrical activities recorded as electroencephalogram (EEG remains unknown. Linear stochastic models and spectral estimates are the most common methods for the analysis of EEG because of their robustness, simplicity of interpretation, and apparent association with rhythmic behavioral patterns in nature. In this paper, we extend the use of higher-order spectrum in order to indicate the hidden characteristics of EEG signals that simply do not arise from random processes. The higher-order spectrum is an extension Fourier spectrum that uses higher moments for spectral estimates. This essentially nullifies all Gaussian random effects, therefore, can reveal non-Gaussian and nonlinear characteristics in the complex patterns of EEG time series. The paper demonstrates the distinguishing features of bispectral analysis for chaotic systems, filtered noises, and normal background EEG activity. The bispectrum analysis detects nonlinear interactions; however, it does not quantify the coupling strength. The squared bicoherence in the nonredundant region has been estimated to demonstrate nonlinear coupling. The bicoherence values are minimal for white Gaussian noises (WGNs and filtered noises. Higher bicoherence values in chaotic time series and normal background EEG activities are indicative of nonlinear coupling in these systems. The paper shows utility of bispectral methods as an analytical tool in understanding neural process underlying human EEG patterns.
Application of higher order statistics to surface electromyogram signal classification.
Nazarpour, Kianoush; Sharafat, Ahmad R; Firoozabadi, S Mohammad P
We propose a novel approach for surface electromyogram (sEMG) signal classification. This approach utilizes higher order statistics of sEMG signal to classify four primitive motions, i.e., elbow flexion, elbow extension, forearm supination, and forearm pronation. In documented research, the sEMG signal generated during isometric contraction is modeled by a stationary process whose probability density function (pdf) is assumed to be either Gaussian or Laplacian. In this paper, using Negentropy, we demonstrate that the level of non-Gaussianity of sEMG signal recorded in muscular forces below 25% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) is significant. Therefore, application of higher order statistics in sEMG signal processing is justified, due to the fact that more useful information can be extracted from the corresponding higher order statistics. An accurate classification is achieved by using the sequential forward selection (SFS) method for reducing of the dimensionality of feature space and the K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier. The results indicate that the proposed approach provides higher sEMG correct classification rates as compared to the existing methods.
A linear support higher-order tensor machine for classification.
Hao, Zhifeng; He, Lifang; Chen, Bingqian; Yang, Xiaowei
There has been growing interest in developing more effective learning machines for tensor classification. At present, most of the existing learning machines, such as support tensor machine (STM), involve nonconvex optimization problems and need to resort to iterative techniques. Obviously, it is very time-consuming and may suffer from local minima. In order to overcome these two shortcomings, in this paper, we present a novel linear support higher-order tensor machine (SHTM) which integrates the merits of linear C-support vector machine (C-SVM) and tensor rank-one decomposition. Theoretically, SHTM is an extension of the linear C-SVM to tensor patterns. When the input patterns are vectors, SHTM degenerates into the standard C-SVM. A set of experiments is conducted on nine second-order face recognition datasets and three third-order gait recognition datasets to illustrate the performance of the proposed SHTM. The statistic test shows that compared with STM and C-SVM with the RBF kernel, SHTM provides significant performance gain in terms of test accuracy and training speed, especially in the case of higher-order tensors.
Analysis of higher order harmonics with holographic reflection gratings
Mas-Abellan, P.; Madrigal, R.; Fimia, A.
Silver halide emulsions have been considered one of the most energetic sensitive materials for holographic applications. Nonlinear recording effects on holographic reflection gratings recorded on silver halide emulsions have been studied by different authors obtaining excellent experimental results. In this communication specifically we focused our investigation on the effects of refractive index modulation, trying to get high levels of overmodulation that will produce high order harmonics. We studied the influence of the overmodulation and its effects on the transmission spectra for a wide exposure range by use of 9 μm thickness films of ultrafine grain emulsion BB640, exposed to single collimated beams using a red He-Ne laser (wavelength 632.8 nm) with Denisyuk configuration obtaining a spatial frequency of 4990 l/mm recorded on the emulsion. The experimental results show that high overmodulation levels of refractive index produce second order harmonics with high diffraction efficiency (higher than 75%) and a narrow grating bandwidth (12.5 nm). Results also show that overmodulation produce diffraction spectra deformation of the second order harmonic, transforming the spectrum from sinusoidal to approximation of square shape due to very high overmodulation. Increasing the levels of overmodulation of refractive index, we have obtained higher order harmonics, obtaining third order harmonic with diffraction efficiency (up to 23%) and narrowing grating bandwidth (5 nm). This study is the first step to develop a new easy technique to obtain narrow spectral filters based on the use of high index modulation reflection gratings.
Higher-order photon correlations in pulsed photonic crystal nanolasers
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Elvira, D.; Hachair, X.; Braive, R.; Beaudoin, G.; Robert-Philip, I.; Sagnes, I.; Abram, I.; Beveratos, A.; Verma, V. B.; Baek, B.; Nam, S. W.; Stevens, M. J.; Dauler, E. A.
We report on the higher-order photon correlations of a high-β nanolaser under pulsed excitation at room temperature. Using a multiplexed four-element superconducting single-photon detector we measured g (n) (0-vector) with n=2,3,4. All orders of correlation display partially chaotic statistics, even at four times the threshold excitation power. We show that this departure from coherence and Poisson statistics is due to the quantum fluctuations associated with the small number of photons at the lasing threshold.
Higher-order chaotic oscillator using active bessel filter
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lindberg, Erik; Mykolaitis, Gytis; Bumelien, Skaidra
A higher-order oscillator, including a nonlinear unit and an 8th-order low-pass active Bessel filter is described. The Bessel unit plays the role of "three-in-one": a delay line, an amplifier and a filter. Results of hardware experiments and numerical simulation are presented. Depending...... on the parameters of the nonlinear unit the oscillator operates either in a one-scroll or two-scroll mode. Two positive Lyapunov exponents, found at larger values of the negative slopes of the nonlinear function, characterize the oscillations as hyperchaotic....
Tunneling dynamics of Bose—Einstein condensates with higher-order interactions in optical lattice
Tie, Lu; Xue, Ju-Kui
The nonlinear Landau—Zener tunneling and nonlinear Rabi oscillations of Bose—Einstein condensate (BEC) with higher-order atomic interaction between the Bloch bands in an accelerating optical lattice are discussed. Within the two-level model, the tunneling probability of BEC with higher-order atomic interaction between Bloch bands is obtained. We finds that the tunneling rate is closely related to the higher-order atomic interaction. Furthermore, the nonlinear Rabi oscillations of BEC with higher-order atomic interaction between the bands are discussed by imposing a periodic modulation on the level bias. Analytical expressions of the critical higher-order atomic interaction for suppressing/enhancing the Rabi oscillations are obtained. It is shown that the critical value strongly depends on the modulation parameters (i.e., the modulation amplitude and frequency) and the strength of periodic potential.
Comparison Criteria for Nonlinear Functional Dynamic Equations of Higher Order
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Taher S. Hassan
Full Text Available We will consider the higher order functional dynamic equations with mixed nonlinearities of the form xnt+∑j=0Npjtϕγjxφjt=0, on an above-unbounded time scale T, where n≥2, xi(t≔ri(tϕαixi-1Δ(t, i=1,…,n-1, with x0=x, ϕβ(u≔uβsgnu, and α[i,j]≔αi⋯αj. The function φi:T→T is a rd-continuous function such that limt→∞φi(t=∞ for j=0,1,…,N. The results extend and improve some known results in the literature on higher order nonlinear dynamic equations.
Higher Order Differential Attack on 6-Round MISTY1
Tsunoo, Yukiyasu; Saito, Teruo; Nakashima, Hiroki; Shigeri, Maki
MISTY1 is a 64-bit block cipher that has provable security against differential and linear cryptanalysis. MISTY1 is one of the algorithms selected in the European NESSIE project, and it has been recommended for Japanese e-Government ciphers by the CRYPTREC project. This paper reports a previously unknown higher order differential characteristic of 4-round MISTY1 with the FL functions. It also shows that a higher order differential attack that utilizes this newly discovered characteristic is successful against 6-round MISTY1 with the FL functions. This attack can recover a partial subkey with a data complexity of 253.7 and a computational complexity of 264.4, which is better than any previous cryptanalysis of MISTY1.
Contribution of higher order terms in the reductive perturbation theory, 2
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ichikawa, Y.H.; Mitsuhashi, Teruo; Konno, Kimiaki.
Contribution of higher order terms in the reductive perturbation theory has been investigated for nonlinear propagation of strongly dispersive ion plasma wave. The basic set of fluid equation is reduced to a coupled set of the nonlinear Schroedinger equation for the first order perturbed potential and a linear inhomogeneous equation for the second order perturbed potential. A steady state solution of the coupled set of equations has been solved analytically in the asymptotic limit of small wave number. (auth.)
Higher order Bose-Einstein correlations in identical particle production
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Biyajima, M.
A diagram technique to calculate the higher order Bose-Einstein correlations is formulated. This technique is applied to derive explicit expressions for the n-pion correlation functions for n = 2, 3, 4, and 5, and numerical predictions are given. In a comparison with the AFS and NA23 data on two-pion and three-pion Bose-Einstein correlations good agreement is obtained. 21 refs., 5 figs. (Authors)
Symbolic summation and higher orders in perturbation theory
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Moch, S.
Higher orders in perturbation theory require the calculation of Feynman integrals at multiple loops. We report on an approach to systematically solve Feynman integrals by means of symbolic summation and discuss the underlying algorithms. Examples such as the non-planar vertex at two loops, or integrals from the recent calculation of the three-loop QCD corrections to structure functions in deep-inelastic scattering are given. (orig.)
The higher order flux mapping method in large size PHWRs
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kulkarni, A.K.; Balaraman, V.; Purandare, H.D.
A new higher order method is proposed for obtaining flux map using single set of expansion mode. In this procedure, one can make use of the difference between predicted value of detector reading and their actual values for determining the strength of local fluxes around detector site. The local fluxes are arising due to constant perturbation changes (both extrinsic and intrinsic) taking place in the reactor. (author)
Modeling Human Behaviour with Higher Order Logic: Insider Threats
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Boender, Jaap; Ivanova, Marieta Georgieva; Kammuller, Florian
it to the sociological process of logical explanation. As a case study on modeling human behaviour, we present the modeling and analysis of insider threats as a Higher Order Logic theory in Isabelle/HOL. We show how each of the three step process of sociological explanation can be seen in our modeling of insider's state......, its context within an organisation and the effects on security as outcomes of a theorem proving analysis....
Compiler-Directed Transformation for Higher-Order Stencils
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Basu, Protonu [Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States); Hall, Mary [Univ. of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT (United States); Williams, Samuel [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Straalen, Brian Van [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Oliker, Leonid [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Colella, Phillip [Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
As the cost of data movement increasingly dominates performance, developers of finite-volume and finite-difference solutions for partial differential equations (PDEs) are exploring novel higher-order stencils that increase numerical accuracy and computational intensity. This paper describes a new compiler reordering transformation applied to stencil operators that performs partial sums in buffers, and reuses the partial sums in computing multiple results. This optimization has multiple effect son improving stencil performance that are particularly important to higher-order stencils: exploits data reuse, reduces floating-point operations, and exposes efficient SIMD parallelism to backend compilers. We study the benefit of this optimization in the context of Geometric Multigrid (GMG), a widely used method to solvePDEs, using four different Jacobi smoothers built from 7-, 13-, 27-and 125-point stencils. We quantify performance, speedup, andnumerical accuracy, and use the Roofline model to qualify our results. Ultimately, we obtain over 4× speedup on the smoothers themselves and up to a 3× speedup on the multigrid solver. Finally, we demonstrate that high-order multigrid solvers have the potential of reducing total data movement and energy by several orders of magnitude.
Time-Discrete Higher-Order ALE Formulations: Stability
Bonito, Andrea
Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) formulations deal with PDEs on deformable domains upon extending the domain velocity from the boundary into the bulk with the purpose of keeping mesh regularity. This arbitrary extension has no effect on the stability of the PDE but may influence that of a discrete scheme. We examine this critical issue for higher-order time stepping without space discretization. We propose time-discrete discontinuous Galerkin (dG) numerical schemes of any order for a time-dependent advection-diffusion-model problem in moving domains, and study their stability properties. The analysis hinges on the validity of the Reynold\\'s identity for dG. Exploiting the variational structure and assuming exact integration, we prove that our conservative and nonconservative dG schemes are equivalent and unconditionally stable. The same results remain true for piecewise polynomial ALE maps of any degree and suitable quadrature that guarantees the validity of the Reynold\\'s identity. This approach generalizes the so-called geometric conservation law to higher-order methods. We also prove that simpler Runge-Kutta-Radau methods of any order are conditionally stable, that is, subject to a mild ALE constraint on the time steps. Numerical experiments corroborate and complement our theoretical results. © 2013 Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
Higher order corrections to energy levels of muonic atoms
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Rinker, G.A. Jr.; Steffen, R.M.
In order to facilitate the analysis of muonic x-ray spectra, the results of numerical computations of all higher order quantum electrodynamical corrections to the energy levels of muonic atoms are presented in tabular and graphical form. These corrections include the vacuum polarization corrections caused by emission and reabsorption of virtual electron pairs to all orders, including ''double-bubble'' and ''cracked-egg'' diagrams. An estimate of the Delbruecke scattering-type correction is presented. The Lamb-shift (second- and fourth-order vertex) corrections have been calculated including the correction for the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. The relativistic nuclear motion (or recoil) correction as well as the correction caused by the screening of the atomic electrons is presented in graphs. For the sake of completeness a graph of the nuclear polarization as computed on the basis of Chen's approach has been included. All calculations were made with a two-parameter Fermi distribution of the nuclear charge density. 7 figures, 23 references
Minimization of heat slab nodes with higher order boundary conditions
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Solbrig, C.W.
The accuracy of a numerical solution can be limited by the numerical approximation to the boundary conditions rather than the accuracy of the equations which describe the interior. The study presented in this paper compares the results from two different numerical formulations of the convective boundary condition on the face of a heat transfer slab. The standard representation of the boundary condition in a test problem yielded an unacceptable error even when the heat transfer slab was partitioned into over 300 nodes. A higher order boundary condition representation was obtained by using a second order approximation for the first derivative at the boundary and combining it with the general equation used for inner nodes. This latter formulation produced reasonable results when as few as ten nodes were used
Higher order mode damping in an ALS test cavity
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Jacob, A.F.; Lamberston, G.R.; Barry, W.
The higher order mode attenuation scheme proposed for the Advanced Light Source accelerating cavities consists of two broad-band dampers placed 90 degrees apart on the outer edge. In order to assess the damping efficiency a test assembly was built. The HOM damping was obtained by comparing the peak values of the transmission through the cavity for both the damped and the undamped case. Because of the high number of modes and frequency shifts due to the damping gear, the damping was assessed statistically, by averaging over several modes. In the frequency range from 1.5 to 5.5 GHz, average damping greater than 100 was obtained. 1 ref., 6 figs
Higher order branching of periodic orbits from polynomial isochrones
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
B. Toni
Full Text Available We discuss the higher order local bifurcations of limit cycles from polynomial isochrones (linearizable centers when the linearizing transformation is explicitly known and yields a polynomial perturbation one-form. Using a method based on the relative cohomology decomposition of polynomial one-forms complemented with a step reduction process, we give an explicit formula for the overall upper bound of branch points of limit cycles in an arbitrary $n$ degree polynomial perturbation of the linear isochrone, and provide an algorithmic procedure to compute the upper bound at successive orders. We derive a complete analysis of the nonlinear cubic Hamiltonian isochrone and show that at most nine branch points of limit cycles can bifurcate in a cubic polynomial perturbation. Moreover, perturbations with exactly two, three, four, six, and nine local families of limit cycles may be constructed.
Radiation by solitons due to higher-order dispersion
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Karpman, V.I.
We consider the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and nonlinear Schrodinger (NS) equations with higher-order derivative terms describing dispersive corrections. Conditions of existence of stationary and radiating solitons of the fifth-order KdV equation are obtained. An asymptotic time-dependent solution...... to the latter equation, describing the soliton radiation, is found. The radiation train may be in front as well as behind the soliton, depending on the sign of dispersion. The change rate of the soliton due to the radiation is calculated. A modification of the WKB method, that permits one to describe...... in a simple and general way the radiation of KdV and NS, as well as other types. of solitons, is developed. From the WKB approach it follows that the soliton radiation is a result of a tunneling transformation of the non-linearly self-trapped wave into the free-propagating radiation....
Higher-order conditioning is impaired by hippocampal lesions.
Gilboa, Asaf; Sekeres, Melanie; Moscovitch, Morris; Winocur, Gordon
Behavior in the real world is rarely motivated by primary conditioned stimuli that have been directly associated with potent unconditioned reinforcers. Instead, motivation and choice behavior are driven by complex chains of higher-order associations that are only indirectly linked to intrinsic reward and often exert their influence outside awareness. Second-order conditioning (SOC) [1] is a basic associative-learning mechanism whereby stimuli acquire motivational salience by proxy, in the absence of primary incentives [2, 3]. Memory-systems theories consider first-order conditioning (FOC) and SOC to be prime examples of hippocampal-independent nondeclarative memory [4, 5]. Accordingly, neurobiological models of SOC focus almost exclusively on nondeclarative neural systems that support motivational salience and reward value. Transfer of value from a conditioned stimulus to a neutral stimulus is thought to require the basolateral amygdala [6, 7] and the ventral striatum [2, 3], but not the hippocampus. We developed a new paradigm to measure appetitive SOC of tones in rats. Hippocampal lesions severely impaired both acquisition and expression of SOC despite normal FOC. Unlike controls, rats with hippocampal lesions could not discriminate between positive and negative secondary conditioned tones, although they exhibited general familiarity with previously presented tones compared with new tones. Importantly, normal rats' behavior, in contrast to that of hippocampal groups, also revealed different confidence levels as indexed by effort, a central characteristic of hippocampal relational memory. The results indicate, contrary to current systems models, that representations of intrinsic relationships between reward value, stimulus identity, and motivation require hippocampal mediation when these relationships are of a higher order. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Higher-order Brunnian structures and possible physical realizations
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
A. Baas, Nils; V. Fedorov, D.; S. Jensen, A.
to the binding of systems in nature. It now appears that recent generalization to higher order Brunnian structures may potentially be realized as laboratory made or naturally occurring systems. With the binding energy as measure, we discuss possibilities of physical realization in nuclei, cold atoms......, and condensed matter systems. Appearance is not excluded. However, both the form and the strengths of the interactions must be rather special. The most promising subfields for present searches would be in cold atoms because of external control of effective interactions, or perhaps in condensed-matter systems...... with non-local interactions. In nuclei, it would only be by sheer luck due to a lack of tunability....
Solution of higher order boundary value problems by spline methods
Chaurasia, Anju; Srivastava, P. C.; Gupta, Yogesh
Spline solution of Boundary Value Problems has received much attention in recent years. It has proven to be a powerful tool due to the ease of use and quality of results. This paper concerns with the survey of methods that try to approximate the solution of higher order BVPs using various spline functions. The purpose of this article is to thrash out the problems as well as conclusions, reached by the numerous authors in the related field. We critically assess many important relevant papers, published in reputed journals during last six years.
Isotropic Stars in Higher-Order Torsion Scalar Theories
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Gamal G. L. Nashed
Full Text Available Two different nondiagonal tetrad spaces reproducing spherically symmetric spacetime are applied to the field equations of higher-order torsion scalar theories. Assuming the existence of conformal Killing vector, two isotropic solutions are derived. We show that the first solution is not stable while the second one confirms a stable behavior. We also discuss the construction of the stellar model and show that one of our solutions is capable of such construction while the other is not. Finally, we discuss the generalized Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff and show that one of our models has a tendency to equilibrium.
The Complexity of Model Checking Higher-Order Fixpoint Logic
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Axelsson, Roland; Lange, Martin; Somla, Rafal
Higher Order Fixpoint Logic (HFL) is a hybrid of the simply typed λ-calculus and the modal μ-calculus. This makes it a highly expressive temporal logic that is capable of expressing various interesting correctness properties of programs that are not expressible in the modal μ-calculus. This paper...... of solving rather large parity games of small index. As a consequence of this we obtain an ExpTime upper bound on the expression complexity of each HFLk,m. The lower bound is established by a reduction from the word problem for alternating (k-1)-fold exponential space bounded Turing Machines. As a corollary...
Programming real-time executives in higher order language
Foudriat, E. C.
Methods by which real-time executive programs can be implemented in a higher order language are discussed, using HAL/S and Path Pascal languages as program examples. Techniques are presented by which noncyclic tasks can readily be incorporated into the executive system. Situations are shown where the executive system can fail to meet its task scheduling and yet be able to recover either by rephasing the clock or stacking the information for later processing. The concept of deadline processing is shown to enable more effective mixing of time and information synchronized systems.
Higher Order Aberration and Astigmatism in Children with Hyperopic Amblyopia.
Choi, Seung Kwon; Chang, Ji Woong
To investigate the changes in corneal higher-order aberration (HOA) during amblyopia treatment and the correlation between HOA and astigmatism in hyperopic amblyopia children. In this retrospective study, a total of 72 eyes from 72 patients ranging in age from 38 to 161 months were included. Patients were divided into two groups based on the degree of astigmatism. Corneal HOA was measured using a KR-1W aberrometer at the initial visit and at 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the association between HOA and astigmatism. A total of 72 patients were enrolled in this study, 37 of which were classified as belonging to the higher astigmatism group, while 35 were assigned to the lower astigmatism group. There was a statistically significant difference in success rate between the higher and lower astigmatism groups. In both groups, all corneal HOAs were significantly reduced during amblyopia treatment. When comparing the two groups, a significant difference in coma HOA at the 12-month follow-up was detected (p = 0.043). In the Pearson correlation test, coma HOA at the 12-month follow-up demonstrated a statistically significant correlation with astigmatism and a stronger correlation with astigmatism in the higher astigmatism group than in the lower astigmatism group (coefficient values, 0.383 and 0.284 as well as p = 0.021 and p = 0.038, respectively). HOA, particularly coma HOA, correlated with astigmatism and could exert effects in cases involving hyperopic amblyopia.
Higher Order Parametric Excitation Modes for Spaceborne Quadrupole Mass Spectrometers
Gershman, D. J.; Block, B. P.; Rubin, M.; Benna, M.; Mahaffy, P. R.; Zurbuchen, T. H.
This paper describes a technique to significantly improve upon the mass peak shape and mass resolution of spaceborne quadrupole mass spectrometers (QMSs) through higher order auxiliary excitation of the quadrupole field. Using a novel multiresonant tank circuit, additional frequency components can be used to drive modulating voltages on the quadrupole rods in a practical manner, suitable for both improved commercial applications and spaceflight instruments. Auxiliary excitation at frequencies near twice that of the fundamental quadrupole RF frequency provides the advantages of previously studied parametric excitation techniques, but with the added benefit of increased sensed excitation amplitude dynamic range and the ability to operate voltage scan lines through the center of upper stability islands. Using a field programmable gate array, the amplitudes and frequencies of all QMS signals are digitally generated and managed, providing a robust and stable voltage control system. These techniques are experimentally verified through an interface with a commercial Pfeiffer QMG422 quadrupole rod system.When operating through the center of a stability island formed from higher order auxiliary excitation, approximately 50% and 400% improvements in 1% mass resolution and peak stability were measured, respectively, when compared with traditional QMS operation. Although tested with a circular rod system, the presented techniques have the potential to improve the performance of both circular and hyperbolic rod geometry QMS sensors.
Josephson parametric converter saturation and higher order effects
Liu, G.; Chien, T.-C.; Cao, X.; Lanes, O.; Alpern, E.; Pekker, D.; Hatridge, M.
Microwave parametric amplifiers based on Josephson junctions have become indispensable components of many quantum information experiments. One key limitation which has not been well predicted by theory is the gain saturation behavior which limits the amplifier's ability to process large amplitude signals. The typical explanation for this behavior in phase-preserving amplifiers based on three-wave mixing, such as the Josephson Parametric Converter, is pump depletion, in which the consumption of pump photons to produce amplification results in a reduction in gain. However, in this work, we present experimental data and theoretical calculations showing that the fourth-order Kerr nonlinearities inherent in Josephson junctions are the dominant factor. The Kerr-based theory has the unusual property of causing saturation to both lower and higher gains, depending on bias conditions. This work presents an efficient methodology for optimizing device performance in the presence of Kerr nonlinearities while retaining device tunability and points to the necessity of controlling higher-order Hamiltonian terms to make further improvements in parametric devices.
Higher-order relativistic periastron advances and binary pulsars
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Damour, T.; Schafer, G.
The contributions to the periastron advance of a system of two condensed bodies coming from relativistic dynamical effects of order higher than the usual first post-Newtonian (1PN) equations of motion are investigated. The structure of the solution of the orbital second post-Newtonian (2PN) equations of motion is given in a simple parametrized form. The contributions to the secular pariastron advance, and the period, of orbital 2PN effects are then explicitly worked out by using the Hamilton-Jacobi method. The spin-orbit contribution to the secular precession of the orbit in space is rederived in a streamlined way by making full use of Hamiltonian methods. These results are then applied to the theoretical interpretation of the observational data of pulsars in close eccentric binary systems. It is shown that the higher-order relativistic contributions are already of theoretical and astophysical significance for interpreting the high-precision measurement of the secular periastron advance of PSR 1913+16 achived by Taylor and coworkers. The case of extremely fast spinning (millisecond) binary pulsars is also discussed, and shown to offer an easier ground for getting new tests of general relativity, and/or, a direct measurement of the moment of inertia of a neutron star
Visualizing Higher Order Finite Elements: FY05 Yearly Report.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Thompson, David; Pebay, Philippe Pierre
This report contains an algorithm for decomposing higher-order finite elementsinto regions appropriate for isosurfacing and proves the conditions under which thealgorithm will terminate. Finite elements are used to create piecewise polynomialapproximants to the solution of partial differential equations for which no analyticalsolution exists. These polynomials represent fields such as pressure, stress, and mo-mentim. In the past, these polynomials have been linear in each parametric coordinate.Each polynomial coefficient must be uniquely determined by a simulation, and thesecoefficients are called degrees of freedom. When there are not enough degrees of free-dom, simulations will typically fail to produce a valid approximation to the solution.Recent work has shown that increasing the number of degrees of freedom by increas-ing the order of the polynomial approximation (instead of increasing the number offinite elements, each of which has its own set of coefficients) can allow some typesof simulations to produce a valid approximation with many fewer degrees of freedomthan increasing the number of finite elements alone. However, once the simulation hasdetermined the values of all the coefficients in a higher-order approximant, tools donot exist for visual inspection of the solution.This report focuses on a technique for the visual inspection of higher-order finiteelement simulation results based on decomposing each finite element into simplicialregions where existing visualization algorithms such as isosurfacing will work. Therequirements of the isosurfacing algorithm are enumerated and related to the placeswhere the partial derivatives of the polynomial become zero. The original isosurfacingalgorithm is then applied to each of these regions in turn.3 AcknowledgementThe authors would like to thank David Day and Louis Romero for their insight into poly-nomial system solvers and the LDRD Senior Council for the opportunity to pursue thisresearch. The authors were
A Simplified Algorithm for Inverting Higher Order Diffusion Tensors
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Laura Astola
Full Text Available In Riemannian geometry, a distance function is determined by an inner product on the tangent space. In Riemann–Finsler geometry, this distance function can be determined by a norm. This gives more freedom on the form of the so-called indicatrix or the set of unit vectors. This has some interesting applications, e.g., in medical image analysis, especially in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI. An important application of DWI is in the inference of the local architecture of the tissue, typically consisting of thin elongated structures, such as axons or muscle fibers, by measuring the constrained diffusion of water within the tissue. From high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI data, one can estimate the diffusion orientation distribution function (dODF, which indicates the relative diffusivity in all directions and can be represented by a spherical polynomial. We express this dODF as an equivalent spherical monomial (higher order tensor to directly generalize the (second order diffusion tensor approach. To enable efficient computation of Riemann–Finslerian quantities on diffusion weighted (DW-images, such as the metric/norm tensor, we present a simple and efficient algorithm to invert even order spherical monomials, which extends the familiar inversion of diffusion tensors, i.e., symmetric matrices.
Predictors of third and Higher order births in India
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Payal Singh
Full Text Available Background: Total fertility rate (TFR reflecting population growth is closely related to higher order parity progression. Many Indian states reached replacement level of TFR, but still states constituting nearly 40% population are with TFR ≥ 3. The predictors are the desire of son's, poor contraceptives practices, younger age at marriage, child loss and shorter birth spacing. Objective: This analysis assessed the degree of relation of 3rd and higher order parity progression with the above mentioned predictors. Material and Methods: State/Union Territories wise proportions of women: progressing to ≥3 births, more sons desire, birth spacing <24 months, adopting modern contraception and median marriage age <18 years along with infant mortality rate (IMR were taken from NFHS-III report. Correlation matrix and stepwise forward multiple regression carried. Significance was seen at 5%. Results: Hindi speaking states constituting 38.92% nation population recorded TFR ≥3. Positive correlation of mothers progressing ≥ 3 births was highest (0.746 with those desiring more sons followed by IMR (0.445; while maximum negative correlation with those practicing modern contraceptives (-0.565 followed by median age at marriage (-0.391. Multiple regression analysis in order identified desire of more sons, practicing modern contraception and shorter birth spacing as the significant predictors and jointly explained 77.9% of the total variation with gain of 15.5% by adding modern contraceptive practice and 8.3% by adding shorter birth spacing. Conclusions: Desire of more sons appeared the most important predictor to progress ≥3 births that is governed by society culture and educational attainment, require attitudinal change. Further, mothers need motivation to practice both spacing and terminal methods once family is complete.
On the origin of higher braces and higher-order derivations
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Markl, Martin
Roč. 10, č. 3 (2015), s. 637-667 ISSN 2193-8407 Institutional support: RVO:67985840 Keywords : Koszul braces * Börjeseon braces * higher-order derivation Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.600, year: 2015 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40062-014-0079-2
Goos–Hänchen shift for higher-order Hermite–Gaussian beams
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Further investigation is needed to tackle the problem of reflection and associ- ated GH shift of vector beams without making the strong paraxial approximation. Work is underway on enhancing the GH shift of higher-order Gaussian beams using various layered media with metal–dielectric structures and metamaterials.
Generalizing higher-order Bessel-Gauss beams: analytical description and demonstration.
Schimpf, Damian N; Schulte, Jan; Putnam, William P; Kärtner, Franz X
We report on a novel class of higher-order Bessel-Gauss beams in which the well-known Bessel-Gauss beam is the fundamental mode and the azimuthally symmetric Laguerre-Gaussian beams are special cases. We find these higher-order Bessel-Gauss beams by superimposing decentered Hermite-Gaussian beams. We show analytically and experimentally that these higher-order Bessel-Gauss beams resemble higher-order eigenmodes of optical resonators consisting of aspheric mirrors. This work is relevant for the many applications of Bessel-Gauss beams in particular the more recently proposed high-intensity Bessel-Gauss enhancement cavities for strong-field physics applications.
Higher order QCD corrections in exclusive charmless B decays
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bell, G.
We discuss exclusive charmless B decays within the Standard Model of particle physics. These decays play a central role in the on-going process to constrain the parameters of the CKM matrix and to clarify the nature of CP violation. In order to exploit the rich source of data that is currently being collected at the experiments, a systematic theoretical treatment of the complicated hadronic dynamics is strongly desired. QCD Factorization represents a model-independent framework to compute hadronic matrix elements from first principles. It is based on a power expansion in {lambda}{sub QCD}/m{sub b} and allows for the systematic implementation of perturbative corrections. In particular, we consider hadronic two-body decays as B {yields} {pi}{pi} and perform a conceptual analysis of heavy-to-light form factors which encode the strong interaction effects in semi-leptonic decays as B {yields} {pi}l{nu}. Concerning the hadronic decays we compute NNLO QCD corrections which are particularly important with respect to strong interaction phases and hence direct CP asymmetries. On the technical level, we perform a 2-loop calculation which is based on an automatized reduction algorithm and apply sophisticated techniques for the calculation of loop-integrals. We indeed find that the considered quantities are well-defined as predicted by QCD Factorization, which is the result of a highly complicated subtraction procedure. We present results for the imaginary part of the topological tree amplitudes and observe that the considered corrections are substantial. The calculation of the real part of the amplitudes is far more complicated and we present a preliminary result which is based on certain simplifications. Our calculation is one part of the full NNLO analysis of nonleptonic B decays within QCD Factorization which is currently pursued by various groups. In our conceptual analysis of the QCD dynamics in heavy-to-light transitions we consider form factors between non
Mixed Higher Order Variational Model for Image Recovery
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Pengfei Liu
Full Text Available A novel mixed higher order regularizer involving the first and second degree image derivatives is proposed in this paper. Using spectral decomposition, we reformulate the new regularizer as a weighted L1-L2 mixed norm of image derivatives. Due to the equivalent formulation of the proposed regularizer, an efficient fast projected gradient algorithm combined with monotone fast iterative shrinkage thresholding, called, FPG-MFISTA, is designed to solve the resulting variational image recovery problems under majorization-minimization framework. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed regularization scheme by the experimental comparisons with total variation (TV scheme, nonlocal TV scheme, and current second degree methods. Specifically, the proposed approach achieves better results than related state-of-the-art methods in terms of peak signal to ratio (PSNR and restoration quality.
A higher-order theory of emotional consciousness
LeDoux, Joseph E.; Brown, Richard
Emotional states of consciousness, or what are typically called emotional feelings, are traditionally viewed as being innately programmed in subcortical areas of the brain, and are often treated as different from cognitive states of consciousness, such as those related to the perception of external stimuli. We argue that conscious experiences, regardless of their content, arise from one system in the brain. In this view, what differs in emotional and nonemotional states are the kinds of inputs that are processed by a general cortical network of cognition, a network essential for conscious experiences. Although subcortical circuits are not directly responsible for conscious feelings, they provide nonconscious inputs that coalesce with other kinds of neural signals in the cognitive assembly of conscious emotional experiences. In building the case for this proposal, we defend a modified version of what is known as the higher-order theory of consciousness. PMID:28202735
Higher order corrections to asymptotic-de Sitter inflation
Mohsenzadeh, M.; Yusofi, E.
Since trans-Planckian considerations can be associated with the re-definition of the initial vacuum, we investigate further the influence of trans-Planckian physics on the spectra produced by the initial quasi-de Sitter (dS) state during inflation. We use the asymptotic-dS mode to study the trans-Planckian correction of the power spectrum to the quasi-dS inflation. The obtained spectra consist of higher order corrections associated with the type of geometry and harmonic terms sensitive to the fluctuations of space-time (or gravitational waves) during inflation. As an important result, the amplitude of the power spectrum is dependent on the choice of c, i.e. the type of space-time in the period of inflation. Also, the results are always valid for any asymptotic dS space-time and particularly coincide with the conventional results for dS and flat space-time.
Special issue of Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Danvy, Olivier
This double issue of HOSC is the first of two double issues dedicated to the memory of Bob Paige (1947–1999). Bob's scientific interests were many, and his achievements were many as well, witness his research retrospective, which starts this special issue. In particular, Bob strongly contributed...... at the Courant Institute in New York, the members of the IFIP Working Group 2.1, and the people at the various Universities he visited, including the University of Copenhagen and the University of Wisconsin. All his friends and colleagues, enjoyed Bob's talks and presentations. His ideas and his visions...... Differentiation technique in order to compute precisely the set of finite, divided differences of a sampled function F(x): F[x0, x1] = (F(x0) − F(x1))/(x0 − x1). The second double issue of HOSC dedicated to Bob's memory will also contain technical contributions, as well as a non-technical retrospective...
Average gluon and quark jet multiplicities at higher orders
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Bolzoni, Paolo; Kniehl, Bernd A. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). 2. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; Kotikov, Anatoly V. [Hamburg Univ. (Germany). 2. Inst. fuer Theoretische Physik; Joint Institute of Nuclear Research, Moscow (Russian Federation). Bogoliubov Lab. of Theoretical Physics
We develop a new formalism for computing and including both the perturbative and nonperturbative QCD contributions to the scale evolution of average gluon and quark jet multiplicities. The new method is motivated by recent progress in timelike small-x resummation obtained in the MS factorization scheme. We obtain next-to-next-to-leading-logarithmic (NNLL) resummed expressions, which represent generalizations of previous analytic results. Our expressions depend on two nonperturbative parameters with clear and simple physical interpretations. A global fit of these two quantities to all available experimental data sets that are compatible with regard to the jet algorithms demonstrates by its goodness how our results solve a longstanding problem of QCD. We show that the statistical and theoretical uncertainties both do not exceed 5% for scales above 10 GeV. We finally propose to use the jet multiplicity data as a new way to extract the strong-coupling constant. Including all the available theoretical input within our approach, we obtain {alpha}{sub s}{sup (5)}(M{sub Z})=0.1199{+-}0.0026 in the MS scheme in an approximation equivalent to next-to-next-to-leading order enhanced by the resummations of ln(x) terms through the NNLL level and of ln Q{sup 2} terms by the renormalization group, in excellent agreement with the present world average.
Higher-order gravity and the classical equivalence principle
Accioly, Antonio; Herdy, Wallace
As is well known, the deflection of any particle by a gravitational field within the context of Einstein's general relativity — which is a geometrical theory — is, of course, nondispersive. Nevertheless, as we shall show in this paper, the mentioned result will change totally if the bending is analyzed — at the tree level — in the framework of higher-order gravity. Indeed, to first order, the deflection angle corresponding to the scattering of different quantum particles by the gravitational field mentioned above is not only spin dependent, it is also dispersive (energy-dependent). Consequently, it violates the classical equivalence principle (universality of free fall, or equality of inertial and gravitational masses) which is a nonlocal principle. However, contrary to popular belief, it is in agreement with the weak equivalence principle which is nothing but a statement about purely local effects. It is worthy of note that the weak equivalence principle encompasses the classical equivalence principle locally. We also show that the claim that there exists an incompatibility between quantum mechanics and the weak equivalence principle, is incorrect.
Higher Order Modes Excitation of Micro Cantilever Beams
Jaber, Nizar
In this study, we present analytical and experimental investigation of electrically actuated micro cantilever based resonators. These devices are fabricated using polyimide and coated with chrome and gold layers from both sides. The cantilevers are highly curled up due to stress gradient, which is a common imperfection in surface micro machining. Using a laser Doppler vibrometer, we applied a noise signal to experimentally find the first four resonance frequencies. Then, using a data acquisition card, we swept the excitation frequency around the first four natural modes of vibrations. Theoretically, we derived a reduced order model using the Galerkin method to simulate the dynamics of the system. Extensive numerical analysis and computations were performed. The numerical analysis was able to provide good matching with experimental values of the resonance frequencies. Also, we proved the ability to excite higher order modes using partial electrodes with shapes that resemble the shape of the mode of interest. Such micro-resonators are shown to be promising for applications in mass and gas sensing.
Higher order mode analysis of the SNS superconducting linac
Sang Ho Kim; Dong Jeon; Sundelin, R
Higher order modes (HOM's) of monopoles, dipoles, quadrupoles and sextupoles in beta =0.61 and beta =0.81 6-cell superconducting (SC) cavities for the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) project, have been found up to about 3 GHz and their properties such as R/Q, trapping possibility, etc have been figured out concerning manufacturing imperfection. The main issues of HOM's are beam instabilities (published separately) and HOM induced power especially from TM monopoles. The time structure of SNS beam has three different time scales of pulses, which are micro-pulse, midi-pulse and macropulse. Each time structure will generate resonances. When a mode is near these resonance frequencies, the induced voltage could be large and accordingly the resulting HOM power. In order to understand the effects from such a complex beam time structure on the mode excitation and resulting HOM power, analytic expressions are developed. With these analytic expressions, the induced HOM voltage and HOM power were calculated by assuming e...
Weak and Strong Order of Convergence of a Semidiscrete Scheme for the Stochastic Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bouard, Anne de; Debussche, Arnaud
In this article we analyze the error of a semidiscrete scheme for the stochastic nonlinear Schrodinger equation with power nonlinearity. We consider supercritical or subcritical nonlinearity and the equation can be either focusing or defocusing. Allowing sufficient spatial regularity we prove that the numerical scheme has strong order 1/2 in general and order 1 if the noise is additive. Furthermore, we also prove that the weak order is always 1
Emotion recognition from EEG using higher order crossings.
Petrantonakis, Panagiotis C; Hadjileontiadis, Leontios J
Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based emotion recognition is a relatively new field in the affective computing area with challenging issues regarding the induction of the emotional states and the extraction of the features in order to achieve optimum classification performance. In this paper, a novel emotion evocation and EEG-based feature extraction technique is presented. In particular, the mirror neuron system concept was adapted to efficiently foster emotion induction by the process of imitation. In addition, higher order crossings (HOC) analysis was employed for the feature extraction scheme and a robust classification method, namely HOC-emotion classifier (HOC-EC), was implemented testing four different classifiers [quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), k-nearest neighbor, Mahalanobis distance, and support vector machines (SVMs)], in order to accomplish efficient emotion recognition. Through a series of facial expression image projection, EEG data have been collected by 16 healthy subjects using only 3 EEG channels, namely Fp1, Fp2, and a bipolar channel of F3 and F4 positions according to 10-20 system. Two scenarios were examined using EEG data from a single-channel and from combined-channels, respectively. Compared with other feature extraction methods, HOC-EC appears to outperform them, achieving a 62.3% (using QDA) and 83.33% (using SVM) classification accuracy for the single-channel and combined-channel cases, respectively, differentiating among the six basic emotions, i.e., happiness, surprise, anger, fear, disgust, and sadness. As the emotion class-set reduces its dimension, the HOC-EC converges toward maximum classification rate (100% for five or less emotions), justifying the efficiency of the proposed approach. This could facilitate the integration of HOC-EC in human machine interfaces, such as pervasive healthcare systems, enhancing their affective character and providing information about the user's emotional status (e.g., identifying user's emotion
On higher-order corrections in M theory
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Howe, P.S.; Tsimpis, D.
A theoretical analysis of higher-order corrections to D=11 supergravity is given in a superspace framework. It is shown that any deformation of D=11 supergravity for which the lowest-dimensional component of the four-form G 4 vanishes is trivial. This implies that the equations of motion of D=11 supergravity are specified by an element of a certain spinorial cohomology group and generalises previous results obtained using spinorial or pure spinor cohomology to the fully non-linear theory. The first deformation of the theory is given by an element of a different spinorial cohomology group with coefficients which are local tensorial functions of the massless supergravity fields. The four-form Bianchi Identities are solved, to first order and at dimension -{1/2}, in the case that the lowest-dimensional component of G 4 is non-zero. Moreover, it is shown how one can calculate the first-order correction to the dimension-zero torsion and thus to the supergravity equations of motion given an explicit expression for this object in terms of the supergravity fields. The version of the theory with both a four-form and a seven-form is discussed in the presence of the five-brane anomaly-cancelling term. It is shown that the supersymmetric completion of this term exists and it is argued that it is the unique anomaly-cancelling invariant at this dimension which is at least quartic in the fields. This implies that the first deformation of the theory is completely determined by the anomaly term from which one can, in principle, read off the corrections to all of the superspace field strength tensors. (author)
Delayed Higher-Order Optical Nonlinearities in Noble Gases
Tarazkar, Maryam; Romanov, Dmitri; Levis, Robert
The role of higher-order Kerr effect (HOKE) in femtosecond laser filamentation is currently at the center of a controversy, as alleged crossover from positive to negative nonlinear refractive index at higher intensities was proposed to cause filament stabilization. Experimental evidence of HOKE crossover or lack thereof is being hotly debated. Motivated by this debate, we report the frequency-dependent nonlinear refractive index coefficients n2 and n4 for a series of atmospheric-pressure noble gases: helium, neon, argon, krypton, and xenon. The corresponding atomic hyperpolarizability coefficients are obtained via auxiliary static electric field approach developed on the basis of ab initio calculations implemented in Dalton program and performed at the CCSD level of theory with t-Aug-cc-PV5Z basis set. The n4 index is obtained using the relations between the degenerate six-wave mixing coefficient and some other frequency-dependent second hyperpolarizability coefficients, which can be calculated on the basis of n2via the auxiliary field approach. For all the investigated gases, the n4 indices are found to be positive over the wavelength range 300 nm-1500 nm. This result runs counter to the HOKE crossover hypothesis. The calculated n4 indices demonstrate considerable temporal dispersion, which progressively increases from helium to xenon. This feature implies delayed nonlinearity and calls for modifications in current theoretical models of filamentation process. We gratefully acknowledge financial support through AFOSR MURI Grant No. FA9550-10-1-0561.
Higher-order gravity in higher dimensions: geometrical origins of four-dimensional cosmology?
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Troisi, Antonio [Universita degli Studi di Salerno, Dipartimento di Fisica ' ' E.R. Caianiello' ' , Salerno (Italy)
Determining the cosmological field equations is still very much debated and led to a wide discussion around different theoretical proposals. A suitable conceptual scheme could be represented by gravity models that naturally generalize Einstein theory like higher-order gravity theories and higher-dimensional ones. Both of these two different approaches allow one to define, at the effective level, Einstein field equations equipped with source-like energy-momentum tensors of geometrical origin. In this paper, the possibility is discussed to develop a five-dimensional fourth-order gravity model whose lower-dimensional reduction could provide an interpretation of cosmological four-dimensional matter-energy components. We describe the basic concepts of the model, the complete field equations formalism and the 5-D to 4-D reduction procedure. Five-dimensional f(R) field equations turn out to be equivalent, on the four-dimensional hypersurfaces orthogonal to the extra coordinate, to an Einstein-like cosmological model with three matter-energy tensors related with higher derivative and higher-dimensional counter-terms. By considering the gravity model with f(R) = f{sub 0}R{sup n} the possibility is investigated to obtain five-dimensional power law solutions. The effective four-dimensional picture and the behaviour of the geometrically induced sources are finally outlined in correspondence to simple cases of such higher-dimensional solutions. (orig.)
Preparation and characterization of stable aqueous higher-order fullerenes
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Aich, Nirupam; Flora, Joseph R V; Saleh, Navid B
Stable aqueous suspensions of nC 60 and individual higher fullerenes, i.e. C 70 , C 76 and C 84 , are prepared by a calorimetric modification of a commonly used liquid–liquid extraction technique. The energy requirement for synthesis of higher fullerenes has been guided by molecular-scale interaction energy calculations. Solubilized fullerenes show crystalline behavior by exhibiting lattice fringes in high resolution transmission electron microscopy images. The fullerene colloidal suspensions thus prepared are stable with a narrow distribution of cluster radii (42.7 ± 0.8 nm, 46.0 ± 14.0 nm, 60 ± 3.2 nm and 56.3 ± 1.1 nm for nC 60 , nC 70 , nC 76 and nC 84 , respectively) as measured by time-resolved dynamic light scattering. The ζ-potential values for all fullerene samples showed negative surface potentials with similar magnitude ( − 38.6 ± 5.8 mV, − 39.1 ± 4.2 mV, − 38.9 ± 5.8 mV and − 41.7 ± 5.1 mV for nC 60 , nC 70 , nC 76 and nC 84 , respectively), which provide electrostatic stability to the colloidal clusters. This energy-based modified solubilization technique to produce stable aqueous fullerenes will likely aid in future studies focusing on better applicability, determination of colloidal properties, and understanding of environmental fate, transport and toxicity of higher-order fullerenes. (paper)
Regular solutions to higher order curvature Einstein--Yang-Mills systems in higher dimensions
Breitenlohner, Peter; Maison, Dieter; Tchrakian, D. H.
We study regular, static, spherically symmetric solutions of Yang-Mills theories employing higher order invariants of the field strength coupled to gravity in $d$ dimensions. We consider models with only two such invariants characterised by integers $p$ and $q$. These models depend on one dimensionless parameter $\\alpha$ leading to one-parameter families of regular solutions, obtainable by numerical solution of the corresponding boundary value problem. Much emphasis is put on an analytical un...
Modular specification and verification for higher-order languages with state
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Svendsen, Kasper
encapsulated stateful and potentially non-terminating computations. The monadic computation types are indexed with pre- and postconditions and act as partial correctness specifications. The type theory supports local reasoning about state through a notion of disjointness strongly inspired by separation logic.......-order separation logic. The first chapter presents a higher-order separation logic for a higher-order subset of C#. One of the interesting issues that arises when reasoning about higher-order code in an imperative language, is the combination of mutable variables and variable capture. In C#, anonymous methods can...... have externally observable state effects on both the heap and the stack, through captured variables. However, despite state effects on the stack it is still not possible to alias stack variables in this subset of C#. We exploit this to define a logic that allows us to treat captured variables...
Higher order energy transfer. Quantum electrodynamical calculations and graphical representation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Jenkins, R.D.
In Chapter 1, a novel method of calculating quantum electrodynamic amplitudes is formulated using combinatorial theory. This technique is used throughout instead of conventional time-ordered methods. A variety of hyperspaces are discussed to highlight isomorphism between a number of A generalisation of Pascal's triangle is shown to be beneficial in determining the form of hyperspace graphs. Chapter 2 describes laser assisted resonance energy transfer (LARET), a higher order perturbative contribution to the well-known process resonance energy transfer, accommodating an off resonance auxiliary laser field to stimulate the migration. Interest focuses on energy exchanges between two uncorrelated molecular species, as in a system where molecules are randomly oriented. Both phase-weighted and standard isotropic averaging are required for the calculations. Results are discussed in terms of a laser intensity-dependent mechanism. Identifying the applied field regime where LARET should prove experimentally significant, transfer rate increases of up to 30% are predicted. General results for three-center energy transfer are elucidated in chapter 3. Cooperative and accretive mechanistic pathways are identified with theory formulated to elicit their role in a variety of energy transfer phenomena and their relative dominance. In multichromophoric the interplay of such factors is analysed with regard to molecular architectures. The alignments and magnitudes of donor and acceptor transition moments and polarisabilities prove to have profound effects on achievable pooling efficiency for linear configurations. Also optimum configurations are offered. In ionic lattices, although both mechanisms play significant roles in pooling and cutting processes, only the accretive is responsible for sensitisation. The local, microscopic level results are used to gauge the lattice response, encompassing concentration and structural effects. (author)
Technical Decision Making With Higher Order Structure Data: Perspectives on Higher Order Structure Characterization From the Biopharmaceutical Industry.
Weiss, William F; Gabrielson, John P; Al-Azzam, Wasfi; Chen, Guodong; Davis, Darryl L; Das, Tapan K; Hayes, David B; Houde, Damian; Singh, Satish K
Characterization of the higher order structure (HOS) of protein-based biopharmaceutical products is an important aspect of their development. Opinions vary about how best to apply biophysical methods, in which contexts to use these methods, and how to use the resulting data to make technical decisions as drug candidates are commercialized [Gabrielson JP, Weiss WF IV. J Pharm Sci. 2015;104(4):1240-1245]. The aim of this commentary is to provide guidance for the development and implementation of a robust and comprehensive HOS characterization strategy. We first consider important concepts involved in developing a strategy that is appropriately suited to a particular biologic, and then discuss ways industry can partner with academia, technology companies, government laboratories, and regulatory agencies to improve the consistency with which HOS characterization is applied across the biopharmaceutical industry. Copyright © 2016 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Higher-order aberrations and visual acuity after LASEK.
Urgancioglu, Berrak; Bilgihan, Kamil; Ozturk, Sertac
To determine ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in eyes with supernormal vision after myopic astigmatic laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) and to compare the findings with those in eyes with natural supernormal vision. Ocular HOAs were measured after LASEK in 20 eyes of 12 myopic astigmatic patients with postoperative uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of >20/16 (group 1). Patients who were included in the study had no visual symptoms like glare, halo or double vision. The measurements were taken 8.3 +/- 3 months after LASEK surgery. In group 2 ocular HOAs were examined in 20 eyes of 10 subjects with natural UCVA of >20/16 as a control. Measurements were taken across a pupil with a diameter of 4.0 mm and 6.0 mm. Root-mean-square (RMS) values of HOAs, Z(3)-1, Z(3)1, Z(4)0, Z(5)-1, Z(5)1 and Z(6)0 were analyzed. The mean RMS values for each order were higher in group 1 when compared with group 2 at 4.0 mm and 6.0 mm pupil diameters. There was no statistically significant difference between groups in spherical and coma aberrations (P > 0.05). Mean RMS values for total HOAs were 0.187 +/- 0.09 microm at 4.0 mm and 0.438 +/- 0.178 microm at 6.0 mm pupil in group 1 and 0.120 +/- 0.049 microm at 4.0 mm and 0.344 +/- 0.083 microm at 6.0 mm pupil in group 2. The difference between groups in total HOAs was statistically significant at 4.0 mm and 6.0 mm pupil diameters (P < 0.05). Ocular HOAs exist in eyes with supernormal vision. After LASEK, the amount of HOAs of the eye increases under both mesopic and photopic conditions. However the amount of HOA increase does not seem to be consistent with visual symptoms.
Transcriptional Derepression Uncovers Cryptic Higher-Order Genetic Interactions.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Matthew B Taylor
Full Text Available Disruption of certain genes can reveal cryptic genetic variants that do not typically show phenotypic effects. Because this phenomenon, which is referred to as 'phenotypic capacitance', is a potential source of trait variation and disease risk, it is important to understand how it arises at the genetic and molecular levels. Here, we use a cryptic colony morphology trait that segregates in a yeast cross to explore the mechanisms underlying phenotypic capacitance. We find that the colony trait is expressed when a mutation in IRA2, a negative regulator of the Ras pathway, co-occurs with specific combinations of cryptic variants in six genes. Four of these genes encode transcription factors that act downstream of the Ras pathway, indicating that the phenotype involves genetically complex changes in the transcriptional regulation of Ras targets. We provide evidence that the IRA2 mutation reveals the phenotypic effects of the cryptic variants by disrupting the transcriptional silencing of one or more genes that contribute to the trait. Supporting this role for the IRA2 mutation, deletion of SFL1, a repressor that acts downstream of the Ras pathway, also reveals the phenotype, largely due to the same cryptic variants that were detected in the IRA2 mutant cross. Our results illustrate how higher-order genetic interactions among mutations and cryptic variants can result in phenotypic capacitance in specific genetic backgrounds, and suggests these interactions might reflect genetically complex changes in gene expression that are usually suppressed by negative regulation.
Higher order statistical frequency domain decomposition for operational modal analysis
Nita, G. M.; Mahgoub, M. A.; Sharyatpanahi, S. G.; Cretu, N. C.; El-Fouly, T. M.
Experimental methods based on modal analysis under ambient vibrational excitation are often employed to detect structural damages of mechanical systems. Many of such frequency domain methods, such as Basic Frequency Domain (BFD), Frequency Domain Decomposition (FFD), or Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition (EFFD), use as first step a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) estimate of the power spectral density (PSD) associated with the response of the system. In this study it is shown that higher order statistical estimators such as Spectral Kurtosis (SK) and Sample to Model Ratio (SMR) may be successfully employed not only to more reliably discriminate the response of the system against the ambient noise fluctuations, but also to better identify and separate contributions from closely spaced individual modes. It is shown that a SMR-based Maximum Likelihood curve fitting algorithm may improve the accuracy of the spectral shape and location of the individual modes and, when combined with the SK analysis, it provides efficient means to categorize such individual spectral components according to their temporal dynamics as coherent or incoherent system responses to unknown ambient excitations.
Corneal Higher-Order Aberrations in Infectious Keratitis.
Shimizu, Eisuke; Yamaguchi, Takefumi; Yagi-Yaguchi, Yukari; Dogru, Murat; Satake, Yoshiyuki; Tsubota, Kazuo; Shimazaki, Jun
To characterize the corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) in eyes with Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), bacterial keratitis (BK), and fungal keratitis (FK). Retrospective consecutive case series. This retrospective study includes 18 normal subjects and 63 eyes of 62 consecutive patients with corneal scarring due to AK (20 eyes), BK (35 eyes), and FK (8 eyes) from 2010 to 2016. HOAs of the anterior and posterior surfaces and the total cornea were analyzed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Corneal HOA patterns were assigned on the basis of corneal topography maps. Corneal opacity grading was assigned on the basis of slit-lamp examinations. We evaluated corneal HOAs, corneal opacity grading, and their correlation with visual acuity. HOAs of the total cornea within a 4-mm diameter were significantly larger in eyes with infectious keratitis (AK, 1.15 ± 2.06 μm; BK, 0.91 ± 0.88 μm; FK, 1.39 ± 1.46 μm) compared with normal controls (0.09 ± 0.01 μm, all, P keratitis were associated with poorer visual acuity values. Asymmetric pattern was the most common topographic pattern in infectious keratitis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Higher-order web link analysis using multilinear algebra.
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kenny, Joseph P.; Bader, Brett William (Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM); Kolda, Tamara Gibson
Linear algebra is a powerful and proven tool in web search. Techniques, such as the PageRank algorithm of Brin and Page and the HITS algorithm of Kleinberg, score web pages based on the principal eigenvector (or singular vector) of a particular non-negative matrix that captures the hyperlink structure of the web graph. We propose and test a new methodology that uses multilinear algebra to elicit more information from a higher-order representation of the hyperlink graph. We start by labeling the edges in our graph with the anchor text of the hyperlinks so that the associated linear algebra representation is a sparse, three-way tensor. The first two dimensions of the tensor represent the web pages while the third dimension adds the anchor text. We then use the rank-1 factors of a multilinear PARAFAC tensor decomposition, which are akin to singular vectors of the SVD, to automatically identify topics in the collection along with the associated authoritative web pages.
Student's Perceived Level and Teachers' Teaching Strategies of Higher Order Thinking Skills: A Study on Higher Educational Institutions in Thailand
Shukla, Divya; Dungsungnoen, Aj Pattaradanai
Higher order thinking skills (HOTS) has portrayed immense industry demand and the major goal of educational institution in imparting education is to inculcate higher order thinking skills. This compiles and mandate the institutions and instructor to develop the higher order thinking skills among students in order to prepare them for effective…
Higher orders of the perturbation theory and summation of perturbational series in quantum mechanics
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Popov, V.S.; Weinberg, V.M.
Calculation of higher orders of the perturbation theory is considered for screened Coulomb potentials. Particular cases of such potentials are the Yukawa potential, a familiar object of nuclear physics, and the funnel-shaped potential, applied to analysis of heavy quark-antiquark systems. The calculation of higher perturbational orders is reduced to recursive relations, quite appropriate for computer. The Pade approximants and a modified Pade-Borel summation method are applied for calculation of sums of diverging PT series. It is shown that in the considered problems higher orders of the PT determine the behaviour of E(g) in the region of strong coupling (Esub(g)-the energy of eigen-value)
Blow-Up of Solutions for a Class of Sixth Order Nonlinear Strongly Damped Wave Equation
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Huafei Di
Full Text Available We consider the blow-up phenomenon of sixth order nonlinear strongly damped wave equation. By using the concavity method, we prove a finite time blow-up result under assumptions on the nonlinear term and the initial data.
Initial Semantics for higher-order typed syntax in Coq
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Benedikt Ahrens
Full Text Available Initial Semantics aims at characterizing the syntax associated to a signature as the initial object of some category. We present an initial semantics result for typed higher-order syntax together with its formalization in the Coq proof assistant. The main theorem was first proved on paper in the second author's PhD thesis in 2010, and verified formally shortly afterwards.To a simply–typed binding signature S over a fixed set T of object types we associate a category called the category of representations of S. We show that this category has an initial object Sigma(S, i.e. an object Sigma(S from which there is precisely one morphism i_R : Sigma(S -> R to any object R of this category. From its construction it will be clear that the object Sigma(S merits the name abstract syntax associated to S: it is given by an inductive set – parametrized by a set of free variables and dependent on object types – the type of whose constructors are each given by the arities of the signature S.Our theorem is implemented and proved correct in the proof assistant Coq through heavy use of dependent types. The approach through monads gives rise to an implementation of syntax where both terms and variables are intrinsically typed, i.e. where the object types are rejected in the meta–level types. Terms are implemented as a Coq data type – which play the role of sets – dependent on an object type as well as on a type family of free variables.This article is to be seen as a research article rather than about the formalization of a classical mathematical result. The nature of our theorem – involving lengthy, technical proofs and complicated algebraic structures – makes it particularly interesting for formal verification. Our goal is to promote the use of computer theorem provers as research tools, and, accordingly, a new way of publishing mathematical results: a parallel description of a theorem and its formalization should allow the verification of
High-order approximate solutions of strongly nonlinear cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator based on the harmonic balance method
Chowdhury, M. S. H.; Hosen, Md. Alal; Ahmad, Kartini; Ali, M. Y.; Ismail, A. F.
In this paper, a new reliable analytical technique has been introduced based on the Harmonic Balance Method (HBM) to determine higher-order approximate solutions of the strongly nonlinear cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator. The application of the HBM leads to very complicated sets of nonlinear algebraic equations. In this technique, the high-order nonlinear algebraic equations are approximated in the form of a power series solution, and this solution produces desired results even for small as well as large amplitudes of oscillation. Moreover, a suitable truncation formula is found in which the solution measures better results than existing results and it saves a lot of calculation. It is highly noteworthy that using the proposed technique, the third-order approximate solutions gives an excellent agreement as compared with the numerical solutions (considered to be exact). The proposed technique is applied to the strongly nonlinear cubic-quintic Duffing oscillator to reveals its novelty, reliability and wider applicability.
Extensions of guiding center motion to higher order
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Northrop, T.G.; Rome, J.A.
In a static magnetic field, some well-known guiding center equations maintain their form when extended to next order in gyroradius. In these cases, it is only necessary to include the next order term in the magnetic moment series. The differential equation for guiding center motion which describes both the parallel and perpendicular velocities correctly through first order in gyroradius is given. The question of how to define the guiding center position through second order arises and is discussed, and second order drifts are derived for one usual definition. The toroidal canonical angular momentum, P/sub phi/, of the guiding center in an axisymmetric field is shown to be conserved using the guiding center velocity correct through first order. When second-order motion is included, P/sub phi/ is no longer a constant. The above extensions of guiding center theory help to resolve the different tokamak orbits obtained either by using the guiding center equations of motion or by using conservation of P/sub phi/
Extensions of guiding center motion to higher order
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Northrop, T.G.; Rome, J.A.
In a static magnetic field, some well-known guiding center equations maintain their form when extended to next order in gyroradius. In these cases, it is only necessary to include the next order term in the magnetic moment series. The differential equation for guiding center motion which describes both the parallel and perpendicular velocities correctly through first order in gyroradius is given. The question of how to define the guiding center position through second order arises and is discussed, and second order drifts are derived for one usual definition. The toroidal canonical angular momentum, P/sub phi/, of the guiding center in an axisymmetric field is shown to be conserved using the guiding center velocity correct through first order. When second order motion is included, P/sub phi/ is no longer a constant. The above extensions of guiding center theory help to resolve the different tokamak orbits obtained either by using the guiding center equations of motion or by using conservation of P/sub phi/
Higher-order photon bunching in a semiconductor microcavity
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Assmann, M.; Veit, F.; Bayer, M.
in the single-mode emission of a semiconductor microcavity in the weak and strong coupling regimes. The counting statistics of single photons were recorded with picosecond time resolution, allowing quantitative measurement of the few-photon bunching inside light pulses. Our results show bunching behavior...
Implementation of an optimal first-order method for strongly convex total variation regularization
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jensen, Tobias Lindstrøm; Jørgensen, Jakob Heide; Hansen, Per Christian
We present a practical implementation of an optimal first-order method, due to Nesterov, for large-scale total variation regularization in tomographic reconstruction, image deblurring, etc. The algorithm applies to μ-strongly convex objective functions with L-Lipschitz continuous gradient....... In the framework of Nesterov both μ and L are assumed known—an assumption that is seldom satisfied in practice. We propose to incorporate mechanisms to estimate locally sufficient μ and L during the iterations. The mechanisms also allow for the application to non-strongly convex functions. We discuss...
Higher-order Cn dispersion coefficients for hydrogen
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mitroy, J.; Bromley, M.W.J.
The complete set of second-, third-, and fourth-order van der Waals coefficients C n up to n=32 for the H(1s)-H(1s) dimer have been determined. They are computed by diagonalizing the nonrelativistic Hamiltonian for hydrogen to obtain a set of pseudostates that are used to evaluate the appropriate sum rules. A study of the convergence pattern for n≤16 indicates that all the C n/16 coefficients are accurate to 13 significant digits. The relative size of the fourth-order C n (4) to the second-order C n (2) coefficients is seen to increase as n increases and at n=32 the fourth-order term is actually larger
A Matrix Approach for General Higher Order Linear Recurrences
properties of linear recurrences (such as the well-known Fibonacci and Pell sequences). In [2], Er defined k linear recurring sequences of order at...the nth term of the ith generalized order-k Fibonacci sequence. Communicated by Lee See Keong. Received: March 26, 2009; Revised: August 28, 2009...Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject
Power-law scaling of extreme dynamics near higher-order exceptional points
Zhong, Q.; Christodoulides, D. N.; Khajavikhan, M.; Makris, K. G.; El-Ganainy, R.
We investigate the extreme dynamics of non-Hermitian systems near higher-order exceptional points in photonic networks constructed using the bosonic algebra method. We show that strong power oscillations for certain initial conditions can occur as a result of the peculiar eigenspace geometry and its dimensionality collapse near these singularities. By using complementary numerical and analytical approaches, we show that, in the parity-time (PT ) phase near exceptional points, the logarithm of the maximum optical power amplification scales linearly with the order of the exceptional point. We focus in our discussion on photonic systems, but we note that our results apply to other physical systems as well.
The strongly coupled fourth family and a first-order electroweak phase transition. 1. Quark sector
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kikukawa, Yoshio; Kohda, Masaya; Yasuda, Junichiro
In models of dynamical electroweak symmetry breaking due to strongly coupled fourth-family quarks and leptons, their low-energy effective descriptions may involve multiple composite Higgs fields, leading to a possibility that the electroweak phase transition at finite temperature is first-order due to the Coleman-Weinberg mechanism. We examine the behavior of the electroweak phase transition on the basis of the effective renormalizable Yukawa theory, which consists of the fourth-family quarks and two SU(2)-doublet Higgs fields corresponding to the bilinear operators of the fourth-family quarks with/without imposing the compositeness condition. The strength of the first-order phase transition is estimated using the finite-temperature effective potential at one loop with ring improvement. In the Yukawa theory without the compositeness condition, it is found that there is a parameter region where the first-order phase transition is sufficiently strong for the electroweak baryogenesis with the experimentally acceptable Higgs boson and fourth-family quark masses. On the other hand, when the compositeness condition is imposed, the phase transition turns out to be weakly first-order, or possibly second-order, although the result is rather sensitive to the details of the compositeness condition. By combining with the result of the Yukawa theory without the compositeness condition, it is argued that with the fourth-family quark masses in the range of 330-480 GeV, corresponding to the compositeness scale in the range of 1.0-2.3 TeV, the four-fermion interaction among the fourth-family quarks does not lead to the strongly first-order electroweak phase transition. (author)
First-order and higher order sequence learning in specific language impairment.
Clark, Gillian M; Lum, Jarrad A G
A core claim of the procedural deficit hypothesis of specific language impairment (SLI) is that the disorder is associated with poor implicit sequence learning. This study investigated whether implicit sequence learning problems in SLI are present for first-order conditional (FOC) and higher order conditional (HOC) sequences. Twenty-five children with SLI and 27 age-matched, nonlanguage-impaired children completed 2 serial reaction time tasks. On 1 version, the sequence to be implicitly learnt comprised a FOC sequence and on the other a HOC sequence. Results showed that the SLI group learned the HOC sequence (η p ² = .285, p = .005) but not the FOC sequence (η p ² = .099, p = .118). The control group learned both sequences (FOC η p ² = .497, HOC η p 2= .465, ps < .001). The SLI group's difficulty learning the FOC sequence is consistent with the procedural deficit hypothesis. However, the study provides new evidence that multiple mechanisms may underpin the learning of FOC and HOC sequences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).
Higher order heavy quark corrections to deep-inelastic scattering
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bluemlein, J.; Freitas, A. de; Johannes Kepler Univ., Linz; Schneider, C.
The 3-loop heavy flavor corrections to deep-inelastic scattering are essential for consistent next-to-next-to-leading order QCD analyses. We report on the present status of the calculation of these corrections at large virtualities Q 2 . We also describe a series of mathematical, computer-algebraic and combinatorial methods and special function spaces, needed to perform these calculations. Finally, we briefly discuss the status of measuring α s (M Z ), the charm quark mass m c , and the parton distribution functions at next-to-next-to-leading order from the world precision data on deep-inelastic scattering.
Higher-order soft corrections to squark hadro-production
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Langenfeld, U.; Moch, S.
We present new predictions for the total cross section of squark pair-production at Tevatron and LHC through next-to-next-to-leading order within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model. The results are based on the numerically dominant soft corrections. They are exact in all logarithmically enhanced terms near threshold, include the Coulomb corrections at two loops and exact scale dependence. We translate the increased total cross section at next-to-next-to-leading order into improved exclusion limits for squark masses and we investigate the scale dependence as well as the sensitivity on the parton luminosity. (orig.)
Role of high-order dispersion on strong-field laser-molecule interactions
Dantus, Marcos; Nairat, Muath
Strong-field (1012- 1016 W/ cm2) laser-matter interactions are characterized by the extent of fragmentation and charge of the resulting ions as a function of peak intensity and pulse duration. Interactions are influenced by high-order dispersion, which is difficult to characterize and compress. Fourth-order dispersion (FOD) causes a time-symmetric pedestal, while third-order dispersion (TOD) causes a leading (negative) or following (positive) pedestal. Here, we report on strong-field interactions with pentane and toluene molecules, tracking the molecular ion and the doubly charged carbon ion C2+ yields as a function of TOD and FOD for otherwise transform-limited (TL) 35fs pulses. We find TL pulses enhance molecular ion yield and suppress C2+ yield, while FOD reverses this trend. Interestingly, the leading pedestal in negative TOD enhances C2+ yield compared to positive TOD. Pulse pedestals are of particular importance in strong-field science because target ionization or alignment can be induced well before the main pulse arrives. A pedestal following an intense laser pulse can cause sequential ionization or accelerate electrons causing cascaded ionization. Control of high-order dispersion allows us to provide strong-field measurements that can help address the mechanisms responsible for different product ions in the presence and absence of pedestals. Financial support of this work comes from the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Office of Science, U.S. Department of Energy, DOE SISGR (DE-SC0002325)
Demand-Driven Higher-Order Fixpoint Iteration
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rosendahl, Mads
-order functions is to establish a notion of {\\em neededness} so as to restrict the iteration to those parts of the function that may influence the result. This is here done through a uniform extension of the domain of values with need information. The result is an iteration strategy which will terminate if base...
On discrete 2D integrable equations of higher order
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Adler, V E; Postnikov, V V
We study two-dimensional discrete integrable equations of order 1 with respect to one independent variable and m with respect to another one. A generalization of the multidimensional consistency property is proposed for this type of equations. The examples are related to the Bäcklund–Darboux transformations for the lattice equations of Bogoyavlensky type. (paper)
Higher order Chapman-Enskog method in plasma applications
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Blenski, T.
A Chapman-Enskog method, based on the singular perturbation method, is applied to the Lorentz model for collisional electrons in quasineutral plasma. The fluid and initial layer solutions are constructed up to second order in the small parameter. The corrections for the initial conditions for the fluid quantities are found. (author)
Higher-Order Approximation of Cubic-Quintic Duffing Model
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Ganji, S. S.; Barari, Amin; Babazadeh, H.
We apply an Artificial Parameter Lindstedt-Poincaré Method (APL-PM) to find improved approximate solutions for strongly nonlinear Duffing oscillations with cubic-quintic nonlinear restoring force. This approach yields simple linear algebraic equations instead of nonlinear algebraic equations...... without analytical solution which makes it a unique solution. It is demonstrated that this method works very well for the whole range of parameters in the case of the cubic-quintic oscillator, and excellent agreement of the approximate frequencies with the exact one has been observed and discussed...... of nonlinear evolution equations....
Quantum-orbit theory of high-order atomic processes in strong fields
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Milosevic, D.B.
Full text: Atoms submitted to strong laser fields can emit electrons and photons of very high energies. These processes find a highly intuitive and also quantitative explanation in terms of Feynman's path integral and the concept of quantum orbits. The quantum-orbit formalism is particularly useful for high-order atomic processes in strong laser fields. For such multi-step processes there is an intermediate step during which the electron is approximately under the influence of the laser field only and can absorb energy from the field. This leads to the appearance of the plateau structures in the emitted electron or photon spectra. Usual examples of such processes are high-order harmonic generation (HHG) and high-order above threshold ionization (HATI). These structures were also observed in high-order above-threshold detachment, laser-assisted x-ray-atom scattering, laser-assisted electron-ion recombination, and electron-atom scattering. We will present high-order strong-field approximation (SFA) and show how the quantum-orbit formalism follows from it. This will be done for various above-mentioned processes. For HHG a classification of quantum orbits will be given [10) and generalized to the presence of a static field. The low-energy part of the HHG spectra and the enhancement of HHG near the channel closings can be explained taking into account a large number of quantum orbits. For HATI we will concentrate on the case of few-cycle laser pulse. The influence of the carrier-envelope relative phase on the HATI spectrum can easily be explained in terms of quantum orbits. The SFA and the quantum-orbit results will be compared with the results obtained by Dieter Bauer using ab initio solutions of the time-dependent Schroedinger equation. It will be shown that the Coulomb effects are important for low-energy electron spectra. Refs. 11 (author)
Wilson Lines and Webs in Higher-Order QCD
White, Chris D.
Wilson lines have a number of uses in non-abelian gauge theories. A topical example in QCD is the description of radiation in the soft or collinear limit, which must often be resummed to all orders in perturbation theory. Correlators involving a pair of Wilson lines are known to exponentiate in terms of special Feynman diagrams called "webs". I will show how this language can be extended to an arbitrary number of Wilson lines, which introduces novel new combinatoric structures (web mixing matrices) of interest in their own right. I will also summarise recent results obtained from applying this formalism at three-loop order, before concluding with a list of open problems.
Higher-Order Hamiltonian Model for Unidirectional Water Waves
Bona, J. L.; Carvajal, X.; Panthee, M.; Scialom, M.
Formally second-order correct, mathematical descriptions of long-crested water waves propagating mainly in one direction are derived. These equations are analogous to the first-order approximations of KdV- or BBM-type. The advantage of these more complex equations is that their solutions corresponding to physically relevant initial perturbations of the rest state may be accurate on a much longer timescale. The initial value problem for the class of equations that emerges from our derivation is then considered. A local well-posedness theory is straightforwardly established by a contraction mapping argument. A subclass of these equations possess a special Hamiltonian structure that implies the local theory can be continued indefinitely.
Positive solutions for higher order singular p-Laplacian boundary ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
(1.4). The singular or nonsingular fourth-order boundary value problems (1.4) have been exten- sively studied by many authors [1,2,6,7,10,13–15]. Shi and Chen [10,11] gave the sufficient and necessary conditions for the existence of positive solutions to superlinear problem (1.4) by the fixed point theorem in cones when 1 ...
Higher-order numerical solutions using cubic splines
Rubin, S. G.; Khosla, P. K.
A cubic spline collocation procedure was developed for the numerical solution of partial differential equations. This spline procedure is reformulated so that the accuracy of the second-derivative approximation is improved and parallels that previously obtained for lower derivative terms. The final result is a numerical procedure having overall third-order accuracy of a nonuniform mesh. Solutions using both spline procedures, as well as three-point finite difference methods, are presented for several model problems.
Higher-order probabilistic perceptrons as Bayesian inference engines
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Clark, J.W.; Ristig, M.L.
This letter makes explicit a structural connection between the Bayes optimal classifier operating on K binary input variables and corresponding two-layer perceptron having normalized output activities and couplings from input to output units of all orders up to K. Given a large and unbiased training set and an effective learning algorithm, such a neural network should be able to learn the statistics of the classification problem and match the a posteriori probabilities given by the Bayes optimal classifier. (author). 18 refs
Efficient analytic computation of higher-order QCD amplitudes
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Bern, Z.; Chalmers, G.; Dunbar, D.C.; Kosower, D.A.
The authors review techniques simplifying the analytic calculation of one-loop QCD amplitudes with many external legs, for use in next-to-leading-order corrections to multi-jet processes. Particularly useful are the constraints imposed by perturbative unitarity, collinear singularities and a supersymmetry-inspired organization of helicity amplitudes. Certain sequences of one-loop helicity amplitudes with an arbitrary number of external gluons have been obtained using these constraints
Machine learning using a higher order correlation network
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Lee, Y.C.; Doolen, G.; Chen, H.H.; Sun, G.Z.; Maxwell, T.; Lee, H.Y.
A high-order correlation tensor formalism for neural networks is described. The model can simulate auto associative, heteroassociative, as well as multiassociative memory. For the autoassociative model, simulation results show a drastic increase in the memory capacity and speed over that of the standard Hopfield-like correlation matrix methods. The possibility of using multiassociative memory for a learning universal inference network is also discussed. 9 refs., 5 figs.
Distorted wave approximation higher orders for electron capture
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Martinez, A.E.; Rivarola, R.
The simple electron capture process from the K shell of the target to the K shell of the projectile is analyzed for high-intermediate and high collision energies by means of the Continuum Distorted Wave-Eikonal Initial State second order model (CDW-EIS2). Differential and total cross-sections are calculated and compared with other theoretical and experimental results. (Author) [es
A Language for Higher-Order Explanation-Based Learning
Fibonacci specification is formal since it is expressed in a (po- tentially) formal language. Languages for formal specification are generally characterized...solved in order to establish instances of G's consequent D. Operationally, however, we need solve G only once, universally generalize , and then assume...But this is, of course, the whole purpose of rule: to focus search by making use of a selected consequence (VX' Vy. crxyODx) of the general assumption
Stability of embedded solitons in higher-order NLS equations
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Pal, Debabrata; Ali, Sk Golam; Talukdar, B, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235 (India)
We consider two models for femtosecond pulse propagation through optical fibers. The first one involves a nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS) equation with a perturbing term arising due to third-order dispersion in the medium, whereas the second one incorporates two additional effects-self-steepening (SS) and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS)-that have their physical origin in molecular vibration. We make use of the theory of Espinosa-Ceron et al (2003 Phys. Scr. 67 314) to analytically demonstrate that the third-order NLS equation involving terms due to SS and SRS obeys the radiation inhibition condition and thereby supports exponentially localized solitons. On the other hand, the purely third-order NLS equation invalidates the condition for radiation inhibition and its traveling wave solution shows oscillatory behavior due to the emission of radiation. We verify both these conclusions by numerical simulation and conclude that the effects of SS and SRS could be judiciously manipulated for the unattenuated propagation of femtosecond pulses through fibers.
Higher order differential calculus on SLq(N)
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Heckenberger, I.; Schueler, A.
Let Γ be a bicovariant first order differential calculus on a Hopf algebra A. There are three possibilities to construct a differential N 0 -graded Hopf algebra Γcirconflex which contains Γ as its first order part. In all cases Γcirconflex is a quotient Γcirconflex = Γ x /J of the tensor algebra by some suitable ideal. We distinguish three possible choices u J, s J, and w J, where the first one generates the universal differential calculus (over Γ) and the last one is Woronowicz' external algebra. Let q be a transcendental complex number and let Γ be one of the N 2 -dimensional bicovariant first order differential calculi on the quantum group SL q (N). Then for N ≥ 3 the three ideals coincide. For Woronowicz' external algebra we calculate the dimensions of the spaces of left-invariant and bi-invariant k-forms. In this case each bi-invariant form is closed. In case of 4D ± calculi on SL q (2) the universal calculus is strictly larger than the other two calculi. In particular, the bi-invariant 1-form is not closed. (author)
Scale-up of Λ3 : Massive gravity with a higher strong interaction scale
Gabadadze, Gregory
Pure massive gravity is strongly coupled at a certain low scale, known as Λ3. I show that the theory can be embedded into another one, with new light degrees of freedom, to increase the strong scale to a significantly larger value. Certain universal aspects of the proposed mechanism are discussed, notably that the coupling of the longitudinal mode to a stress tensor is suppressed, thus making the linear theory consistent with the fifth-force exclusion. An example of the embedding theory studied in detail is five-dimensional anti-de Sitter massive gravity, with a large cosmological constant. In this example, the four-dimensional (4D) strong scale can be increased by 19 orders of magnitude. Holographic duality then suggests that the strong scale of the 4D massive gravity can be increased by coupling it to a 4D nonlocal conformal field theory, endowed with a UV cutoff; however, the five-dimensional classical gravity picture appears to be more tractable.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Khomchenko A.
Full Text Available The paper deals with the problem of constructing the basic functions of a quadrilateral finite element of the fifth order by the means of the computer algebra system Maple. The Lagrangian approximation of such a finite element contains 36 nodes: 20 nodes perimeter and 16 internal nodes. Alternative models with reduced number of internal nodes are considered. Graphs of basic functions and cognitive portraits of lines of zero level are presented. The work is aimed at studying the possibilities of using modern information technologies in the teaching of individual mathematical disciplines.
Extension of Gyro-Landau Fluid Equations to Higher Order
Joseph, Ilon; Dimits, Andris
Gyro-Landau fluid theory can be used to accurately model turbulent fluctuations over the wide range of collisionality present in tokamak edge plasmas. Here, the theory is extended to more accurately treat the effects of finite perturbation amplitude and finite collisionality. At 2nd order in amplitude, the gyro-averaged Hamiltonian is modified by quadratic correlations in the gyro-phase dependent part of the effective potential. The quadratic terms can be expressed through a bilinear 4D spatial integral operator that approximately splits into the product of Γ01 / 2 operators. In order for the system to conserve energy, the Poisson equation must retain quadratic terms in density and potential and has a similar approximation. Landau closures based on fitting linear dispersion relations for the core plasma typically neglect finite collisionality and nonlinearity in the closure itself. A generalization of the technique developed in to treat the Chapman-Enskog fluid expansion yields a nonlinear extension of the linear closures. Prepared for US DOE under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
Higher order effects and their influence on the HTGR core
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Curreri, J.; Bezler, P.; Koplik, B.; Reich, M.; Subudhi, M.
An HTGR core responds nonlinearly to an earthquake input. Nonlinear systems are different from linear systems. Academically, there is no characteristic natural frequency in the no linear vibratory system. Instead, there are resonant peaks that can develop. These are related to the amplitude and frequency of the forcing function as well as to the system characteristics and the transients that exist at the time. In particular, the frequency of peak response is strongly affected by the magnitude of the input amplitude. As in linear systems, resonance can be produced when the forcing frequency is equal to or less than the natural frequency. In addition, in a nonlinear system only, resonances can be produced when the forcing frequency is above the ''natural'' frequency. When this occurs, the resonance is referred to as a subharmonic resonance, that is, the frequency is 1/n times the forcing frequency. The occurrence of subharmonic resonance in a series of blocks with clearance between blocks and with springs on the outermost ends is the subject of the paper. The response of an idealized nonlinear one degree of freedom system to two sine waves is discussed. The influence of the elastic characteristics and damping is also examined
Higher-order predictions for supersymmetric particle decays
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Landwehr, Ananda Demian Patrick
We analyze particle decays including radiative corrections at the next-to-leading order (NLO) within the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). If the MSSM is realized at the TeV scale, squark and gluino production and decays yield relevant rates at the LHC. Hence, in the first part of this thesis, we compute decay widths including QCD and electroweak NLO corrections to squark and gluino decays. Furthermore, the Higgs sector of the MSSM is enhanced compared to the one of the Standard Model. Thus, the additional Higgs bosons decay also into supersymmetric particles. These decays and the according NLO corrections are analyzed in the second part of this thesis. The calculations are performed within a common renormalization framework and numerically evaluated in specific benchmark scenarios.
Strong first order electroweak phase transition in the CP-conserving 2HDM revisited
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Basler, P.; Krause, M.; Mühlleitner, M. [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany); Wittbrodt, J. [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany); Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY,Notkestraße 85, D-22607 Hamburg (Germany); Wlotzka, A. [Institute for Theoretical Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology,Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1, 76131 Karlsruhe (Germany)
The discovery of the Higgs boson by the LHC experiments ATLAS and CMS has marked a milestone for particle physics. Yet, there are still many open questions that cannot be answered within the Standard Model (SM). For example, the generation of the observed matter-antimatter asymmetry in the universe through baryogenesis can only be explained qualitatively in the SM. A simple extension of the SM compatible with the current theoretical and experimental constraints is given by the 2-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM) where a second Higgs doublet is added to the Higgs sector. We investigate the possibility of a strong first order electroweak phase transition in the CP-conserving 2HDM type I and type II where either of the CP-even Higgs bosons is identified with the SM-like Higgs boson. The renormalisation that we apply on the loop-corrected Higgs potential allows us to efficiently scan the 2HDM parameter space and simultaneously take into account all relevant theoretical and up-to-date experimental constraints. The 2HDM parameter regions found to be compatible with the applied constraints and a strong electroweak phase transition are analysed systematically. Our results show that there is a strong interplay between the requirement of a strong phase transition and collider phenomenology with testable implications for searches at the LHC.
Binary higher order neural networks for realizing Boolean functions.
Zhang, Chao; Yang, Jie; Wu, Wei
In order to more efficiently realize Boolean functions by using neural networks, we propose a binary product-unit neural network (BPUNN) and a binary π-ς neural network (BPSNN). The network weights can be determined by one-step training. It is shown that the addition " σ," the multiplication " π," and two kinds of special weighting operations in BPUNN and BPSNN can implement the logical operators " ∨," " ∧," and " ¬" on Boolean algebra 〈Z(2),∨,∧,¬,0,1〉 (Z(2)={0,1}), respectively. The proposed two neural networks enjoy the following advantages over the existing networks: 1) for a complete truth table of N variables with both truth and false assignments, the corresponding Boolean function can be realized by accordingly choosing a BPUNN or a BPSNN such that at most 2(N-1) hidden nodes are needed, while O(2(N)), precisely 2(N) or at most 2(N), hidden nodes are needed by existing networks; 2) a new network BPUPS based on a collaboration of BPUNN and BPSNN can be defined to deal with incomplete truth tables, while the existing networks can only deal with complete truth tables; and 3) the values of the weights are all simply -1 or 1, while the weights of all the existing networks are real numbers. Supporting numerical experiments are provided as well. Finally, we present the risk bounds of BPUNN, BPSNN, and BPUPS, and then analyze their probably approximately correct learnability.
Superintegrability and higher order integrals for quantum systems
Kalnins, E. G.; Kress, J. M.; Miller, W., Jr.
We refine a method for finding a canonical form of symmetry operators of arbitrary order for the Schrödinger eigenvalue equation HΨ ≡ (Δ2 + V)Ψ = EΨ on any 2D Riemannian manifold, real or complex, that admits a separation of variables in some orthogonal coordinate system. The flat space equations with potentials V = α(x + iy)k - 1/(x - iy)k + 1 in Cartesian coordinates, and V = αr2 + β/r2cos 2kθ + γ/r2sin 2kθ (the Tremblay, Turbiner and Winternitz system) in polar coordinates, have each been shown to be classically superintegrable for all rational numbers k. We apply the canonical operator method to give a constructive proof that each of these systems is also quantum superintegrable for all rational k. We develop the classical analog of the quantum canonical form for a symmetry. It is clear that our methods will generalize to other Hamiltonian systems.
Sharper focal spot formed by higher-order radially polarized laser beams.
Kozawa, Yuichi; Sato, Shunichi
The intensity distributions near the focal point for radially polarized laser beams including higher-order transverse modes are calculated based on vector diffraction theory. For higher-order radially polarized mode beams as well as a fundamental mode (R-TEM01*) beam, the strong longitudinal component forms a sharper spot at the focal point under a high-NA focusing condition. In particular, double-ring-shaped radially polarized mode (R-TEM11*) beams can effectively reduce the focal spot size because of destructive interference between the inner and the outer rings with pi phase shift. Compared with an R-TEM01* beam focusing in a limit of NA=1, the full width at half-maximum values of the focal spot for an R-TEM11* beam are decreased by 13.6% for the longitudinal component and 25.8% for the total intensity.
Sleep inertia, sleep homeostatic and circadian influences on higher-order cognitive functions.
Burke, Tina M; Scheer, Frank A J L; Ronda, Joseph M; Czeisler, Charles A; Wright, Kenneth P
Sleep inertia, sleep homeostatic and circadian processes modulate cognition, including reaction time, memory, mood and alertness. How these processes influence higher-order cognitive functions is not well known. Six participants completed a 73-day-long study that included two 14-day-long 28-h forced desynchrony protocols to examine separate and interacting influences of sleep inertia, sleep homeostasis and circadian phase on higher-order cognitive functions of inhibitory control and selective visual attention. Cognitive performance for most measures was impaired immediately after scheduled awakening and improved during the first ~2-4 h of wakefulness (decreasing sleep inertia); worsened thereafter until scheduled bedtime (increasing sleep homeostasis); and was worst at ~60° and best at ~240° (circadian modulation, with worst and best phases corresponding to ~09:00 and ~21:00 hours, respectively, in individuals with a habitual wake time of 07:00 hours). The relative influences of sleep inertia, sleep homeostasis and circadian phase depended on the specific higher-order cognitive function task examined. Inhibitory control appeared to be modulated most strongly by circadian phase, whereas selective visual attention for a spatial-configuration search task was modulated most strongly by sleep inertia. These findings demonstrate that some higher-order cognitive processes are differentially sensitive to different sleep-wake regulatory processes. Differential modulation of cognitive functions by different sleep-wake regulatory processes has important implications for understanding mechanisms contributing to performance impairments during adverse circadian phases, sleep deprivation and/or upon awakening from sleep. © 2015 European Sleep Research Society.
Strongly increasing solutions of cyclic systems of second order differential equations with power-type nonlinearities
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jaroslav Jaroš
Full Text Available We consider \\(n\\-dimensional cyclic systems of second order differential equations \\[(p_i(t|x_{i}'|^{\\alpha_i -1}x_{i}'' = q_{i}(t|x_{i+1}|^{\\beta_i-1}x_{i+1},\\] \\[\\quad i = 1,\\ldots,n, \\quad (x_{n+1} = x_1 \\tag{\\(\\ast\\}\\] under the assumption that the positive constants \\(\\alpha_i\\ and \\(\\beta_i\\ satisfy \\(\\alpha_1{\\ldots}\\alpha_n \\gt \\beta_1{\\ldots}\\beta_n\\ and \\(p_i(t\\ and \\(q_i(t\\ are regularly varying functions, and analyze positive strongly increasing solutions of system (\\(\\ast\\ in the framework of regular variation. We show that the situation for the existence of regularly varying solutions of positive indices for (\\(\\ast\\ can be characterized completely, and moreover that the asymptotic behavior of such solutions is governed by the unique formula describing their order of growth precisely. We give examples demonstrating that the main results for (\\(\\ast\\ can be applied to some classes of partial differential equations with radial symmetry to acquire accurate information about the existence and the asymptotic behavior of their radial positive strongly increasing solutions.
Nanoantennas for surface enhanced infrared spectroscopy: Effects of interaction and higher order resonant excitations
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
J. Aizpurua
Full Text Available The sensitivity in surface enhanced infrared spectroscopy (SEIRS strongly depends on where the resonant excitation is spectrally located compared to the molecular vibration that is to be enhanced. In this contribution, we study the effect of coupling in the electromagnetic properties of 2D gold nanorod arrays in the IR. We also study the SEIRS activity of higher order resonant excitations in long nanoantennas to identify polaritonic signals of a supporting SiO2 layer with nanometer thickness (3 nm on a silicon substrate.
Critical and Higher Order Thinking in Online Threaded Discussions in the Slovak Context
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Katarina Pisutova-Gerber
Full Text Available This article describes and analyzes efforts to use collaborative asynchronous discussion forums in a three semester online education program for NGO leaders and managers in Slovakia. Slovakia, as a country with autocratic styles of teacher-centered education, presents strong barriers to the implementation of collaborative learning activities. The authors used Garrison's four stage cognitive processing categories to analyze some of the online discussions in the program. The two higher order critical thinking categories – integration and solution – appeared in student discussions only when prompted by specific instructional techniques.
The Meaning of Higher-Order Factors in Reflective-Measurement Models
Eid, Michael; Koch, Tobias
Higher-order factor analysis is a widely used approach for analyzing the structure of a multidimensional test. Whenever first-order factors are correlated researchers are tempted to apply a higher-order factor model. But is this reasonable? What do the higher-order factors measure? What is their meaning? Willoughby, Holochwost, Blanton, and Blair…
A Higher Order Analysis of the Factor Structure of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
Johnson, William L.; Mauzey, Edward; Johnson, Annabel M.; Murphy, Stanley D.; Zimmerman, Kurt J.
Examines the higher order structure of Form G of the Myers Briggs Type Indicator. A third order component analysis of a sample (N=926) found two higher order components. This higher order analysis contributes to the research literature pertaining to the generalized structure of the personality measure. (Contains 44 references and 1 table.) (GCP)
Analysis of Buried Dielectric Objects Using Higher-Order MoM for Volume Integral Equations
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kim, Oleksiy S.; Meincke, Peter; Breinbjerg, Olav
A higher-order method of moments (MoM) is applied to solve a volume integral equation for dielectric objects in layered media. In comparison to low-order methods, the higher-order MoM, which is based on higher-order hierarchical Legendre vector basis functions and curvilinear hexahedral elements,...
Higher order hierarchical discretization scheme for surface integral equations for layered media
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jørgensen, Erik; Kim, Oleksiy S.; Meincke, Peter
equation. This higher order MoM solution comprises higher order curved patches for the geometry modeling and higher order hierarchical basis functions for expansion of the electric surface current density. Due to the hierarchical property of the basis functions, the order of the expansion can be selected...
Explicit higher order symplectic integrator for s-dependent magnetic field
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wu, Y.; Forest, E.; Robin, D.S.
We derive second and higher order explicit symplectic integrators for the charged particle motion in an s-dependent magnetic field with the paraxial approximation. The Hamiltonian of such a system takes the form of H (summation) k (p k - a k (rvec q), s) 2 + V((rvec q), s). This work solves a long-standing problem for modeling s-dependent magnetic elements. Important applications of this work include the studies of the charged particle dynamics in a storage ring with strong field wigglers, arbitrarily polarized insertion devices,and super-conducting magnets with strong fringe fields. Consequently, this work will have a significant impact on the optimal use of the above magnetic devices in the light source rings as well as in next generation linear collider damping rings
An Expansion Formula with Higher-Order Derivatives for Fractional Operators of Variable Order
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ricardo Almeida
Full Text Available We obtain approximation formulas for fractional integrals and derivatives of Riemann-Liouville and Marchaud types with a variable fractional order. The approximations involve integer-order derivatives only. An estimation for the error is given. The efficiency of the approximation method is illustrated with examples. As applications, we show how the obtained results are useful to solve differential equations, and problems of the calculus of variations that depend on fractional derivatives of Marchaud type.
An Expansion Formula with Higher-Order Derivatives for Fractional Operators of Variable Order
Almeida, Ricardo
We obtain approximation formulas for fractional integrals and derivatives of Riemann-Liouville and Marchaud types with a variable fractional order. The approximations involve integer-order derivatives only. An estimation for the error is given. The efficiency of the approximation method is illustrated with examples. As applications, we show how the obtained results are useful to solve differential equations, and problems of the calculus of variations that depend on fractional derivatives of Marchaud type. PMID:24319382
Long Range Order and Spin-Fluctuations in Strongly Correlated Electron System with Valence Instability
Alekseev, P. A.; Menushenkov, A. P.; Mignot, J.-M.; Nemkovski, K. S.; Yaroslavtsev, A. A.; Kozlenko, D. P.
Rare-earth based strongly correlated electron systems (SCES) exhibit a large variety of different ground states, ranging from the simple paramagnetism of crystal-field-split f-electron multiplets to highly unconventional Kondo-insulator states with a combination of charge gap, spin gap and valence instability, in which long-range magnetic order can eventually arise from an initially singlet state. The physical background for these properties of the electron subsystem may be clarified by performing detailed neutron scattering experiments, namely magnetic neutron scattering spectroscopy and diffraction. This report reviews the results of the previous and new experimental studies on a number of rare-earth intermetallic compounds, which shed light on peculiar features of those unusual ground states.
Generalized ensemble method applied to study systems with strong first order transitions
Małolepsza, E.; Kim, J.; Keyes, T.
At strong first-order phase transitions, the entropy versus energy or, at constant pressure, enthalpy, exhibits convex behavior, and the statistical temperature curve correspondingly exhibits an S-loop or back-bending. In the canonical and isothermal-isobaric ensembles, with temperature as the control variable, the probability density functions become bimodal with peaks localized outside of the S-loop region. Inside, states are unstable, and as a result simulation of equilibrium phase coexistence becomes impossible. To overcome this problem, a method was proposed by Kim, Keyes and Straub [1], where optimally designed generalized ensemble sampling was combined with replica exchange, and denoted generalized replica exchange method (gREM). This new technique uses parametrized effective sampling weights that lead to a unimodal energy distribution, transforming unstable states into stable ones. In the present study, the gREM, originally developed as a Monte Carlo algorithm, was implemented to work with molecular dynamics in an isobaric ensemble and coded into LAMMPS, a highly optimized open source molecular simulation package. The method is illustrated in a study of the very strong solid/liquid transition in water.
Method of moments solution of volume integral equations using higher-order hierarchical Legendre basis functions
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kim, Oleksiy S.; Jørgensen, Erik; Meincke, Peter
An efficient higher-order method of moments (MoM) solution of volume integral equations is presented. The higher-order MoM solution is based on higher-order hierarchical Legendre basis functions and higher-order geometry modeling. An unstructured mesh composed of 8-node trilinear and/or curved 27...... of magnitude in comparison to existing higher-order hierarchical basis functions. Consequently, an iterative solver can be applied even for high expansion orders. Numerical results demonstrate excellent agreement with the analytical Mie series solution for a dielectric sphere as well as with results obtained...
On the Identities of Symmetry for the -Euler Polynomials of Higher Order
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Park KyoungHo
Full Text Available The main purpose of this paper is to investigate several further interesting properties of symmetry for the multivariate -adic fermionic integral on . From these symmetries, we can derive some recurrence identities for the -Euler polynomials of higher order, which are closely related to the Frobenius-Euler polynomials of higher order. By using our identities of symmetry for the -Euler polynomials of higher order, we can obtain many identities related to the Frobenius-Euler polynomials of higher order.
On the expressiveness and decidability of higher-order process calculi
Lanese, Ivan; Perez, Jorge A.; Sangiorgi, Davide; Schmitt, Alan
In higher-order process calculi, the values exchanged in communications may contain processes. A core calculus of higher-order concurrency is studied; it has only the operators necessary to express higher-order communications: input prefix, process output, and parallel composition. By exhibiting a
A review of higher order strain gradient theories of plasticity: Origins ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
review attempts at resolving these issues pertaining to higher order boundary condi- tions. Finally, we review the future of such theories, their relevance and experimental validation. Keywords. Size effects; higher order strain gradient plasticity; geometrically necessary dislocations; thermodynamic consistency; higher order ...
Higher order microfield effects on spectral line broadening in dense plasmas
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kilcrease, D.P.; Mancini, R.C.; Hooper, C.F. Jr.
The analysis of line radiation from hydrogen-like atomic species in widely used in dense plasma experiments as a noninvasive diagnostic tool. The authors present theoretical Stark-broadened line shapes for the Ly-α and Ly-β lines of hydrogen-like argon in the electron number density range of 10 24 to 10 25 cm -3 and at a temperature corresponding to kT = 800 eV. For these high density conditions previous assumptions of field independent atomic physics and uniform fields become questionable; hence, it is relevant to examine the importance of higher order electric microfield effects on the spectral line profile. In order to address this problem, they begin by calculating spectral line shapes using field dependent matrix elements. This provides a more appropriate basis for including higher order corrections. They take account of microfield spatial nonuniformities by the inclusion of the quadrupole term in the radiator-perturbing ion interaction. This correction is calculated in such a way as to include ion-ion correlations. Also, for sufficiently strong microfields the atomic energy levels may be depopulated by field ionization and tunneling. The authors estimate this effect by means of an NLTE population kinetics model that includes the field ionization rate
Errors of first-order probe correction for higher-order probes in spherical near-field antenna measurements
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Laitinen, Tommi; Nielsen, Jeppe Majlund; Pivnenko, Sergiy
An investigation is performed to study the error of the far-field pattern determined from a spherical near-field antenna measurement in the case where a first-order (mu=+-1) probe correction scheme is applied to the near-field signal measured by a higher-order probe.......An investigation is performed to study the error of the far-field pattern determined from a spherical near-field antenna measurement in the case where a first-order (mu=+-1) probe correction scheme is applied to the near-field signal measured by a higher-order probe....
Higher-Order Beta Matching with Solutions in Long Beta-Eta Normal Form
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Støvring, Kristian
Higher-order matching is a special case of unification of simply-typed lambda-terms: in a matching equation, one of the two sides contains no unification variables. Loader has recently shown that higher-order matching up to beta equivalence is undecidable, but decidability of higher-order matching...... up to beta-eta equivalence is a long-standing open problem.We show that higher-order matching up to beta-eta equivalence is decidable if and only if a restricted form of higher-order matching up to beta equivalence is decidable: the restriction is that solutions must be in long beta-eta normal form....
Concepts relating magnetic interactions, intertwined electronic orders, and strongly correlated superconductivity
Davis, J. C. Séamus; Lee, Dung-Hai
Unconventional superconductivity (SC) is said to occur when Cooper pair formation is dominated by repulsive electron–electron interactions, so that the symmetry of the pair wave function is other than an isotropic s-wave. The strong, on-site, repulsive electron–electron interactions that are the proximate cause of such SC are more typically drivers of commensurate magnetism. Indeed, it is the suppression of commensurate antiferromagnetism (AF) that usually allows this type of unconventional superconductivity to emerge. Importantly, however, intervening between these AF and SC phases, intertwined electronic ordered phases (IP) of an unexpected nature are frequently discovered. For this reason, it has been extremely difficult to distinguish the microscopic essence of the correlated superconductivity from the often spectacular phenomenology of the IPs. Here we introduce a model conceptual framework within which to understand the relationship between AF electron–electron interactions, IPs, and correlated SC. We demonstrate its effectiveness in simultaneously explaining the consequences of AF interactions for the copper-based, iron-based, and heavy-fermion superconductors, as well as for their quite distinct IPs. PMID:24114268
Geometric numerical integration applied to the elastic pendulum at higher order resonance
Tuwankotta, J.M.; Quispel, G.R.W.
In this paper we study the performance of a symplectic numerical integrator based on the splitting method This method is applied to a subtle problem ie higher order resonance of the elastic pendulum In order to numerically study the phase space of the elastic pendulum at higher order resonance a
Higher-order triangular and tetrahedal finite elements with mass lumping for solving the wave equation.
Chin-Joe-Kong, M.J.S.; Mulder, W.A.; van Veldhuizen, M.
The higher-order finite-element scheme with mass lumping for triangles and tetrahedra is an efficient method for solving the wave equation. A number of lower-order elements have already been found. Here the search for elements of higher order is continued. Elements are constructed in a systematic
Higher order modes excitation of electrostatically actuated clamped–clamped microbeams: experimental and analytical investigation
Jaber, Nizar
© 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd. In this study, we demonstrate analytically and experimentally the excitations of the higher order modes of vibrations in electrostatically actuated clamped-clamped microbeam resonators. The concept is based on using partial electrodes with shapes that induce strong excitation of the mode of interest. The devices are fabricated using polyimide as a structural layer coated with nickel from the top and chrome and gold layers from the bottom. Experimentally, frequency sweeps with different electro-dynamical loading conditions are shown to demonstrate the excitation of the higher order modes of vibration. Using a half electrode, the second mode is excited with high amplitude of vibration compared with almost zero response using the full electrode. Also, using a two-third electrode configuration is shown to amplify the third mode resonance amplitude compared with the full electrode under the same electrical loading conditions. An analytical model is developed based on the Euler-Bernollui beam model and the Galerkin method to simulate the device response. Good agreement between the simulation results and the experimental data is reported.
Higher-Order Nonlinearity of Refractive Index: the Case of Argon
Tarazkar, Maryam; Romanov, Dmitri; Levis, Robert
Higher-order dynamic Kerr effect (HOKE) is currently at the center of a controversy regarding the mechanisms of laser filamentation. A strong HOKE with a crossover from positive to negative nonlinear refractive index at intensities well below the ionization threshold, would engender plasma-free filamentation and exotic new effects in light propagation. Experimental evidence of HOKE crossover or lack thereof is being hotly debated. Motivated by this debate, we report the frequency-dependent nonlinear refractive index coefficients n2 and n4 for atmospheric-pressure argon gas, calculated via developed coupled cluster cubic response approach implemented in Dalton program. All calculations are performed at the CCSD level of theory with t-Aug-cc-PV5Z basis set. The benchmark dispersion curve for n2 reproduces correctly the available experimental data and agrees well with previously-reported theoretical calculations. The nonlinear refractive index n4 is obtained using the relations between different hyperpolarizability coefficients, and the latter are calculated via the auxiliary static electric field approach on the basis of n2. We found that the higher-order nonlinear refraction index n4 is positive over the wavelengths 300 nm-1500 nm. This result runs counter to the HOKE crossover hypothesis. Support from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, Grant No. N00014-10-0293, is gratefully acknowledged.
Fractal Dimension Analysis of Higher-Order Mode Shapes for Damage Identification of Beam Structures
Bai, Runbo; Cao, Maosen; Su, Zhongqing; Ostachowicz, Wieslaw; Xu, Hao
Fractal dimension analysis is an emerging method for vibration-based structural damage identification. An unresolved problem in this method is its incapability of identifying damage by higher-order mode shapes. The natural inflexions of higher-order mode shapes may cause false peaks of high-magnitude estimates of fractal dimension, largely masking any signature of damage. In the situation of a scanning laser vibrometer (SLV) providing a chance to reliably acquire higher-order (around tenth-or...
Mathematics Teachers' Interpretation of Higher-Order Thinking in Bloom's Taxonomy
Tony Thompson
This study investigated mathematics teachers' interpretation of higher-order thinking in Bloom's Taxonomy. Thirty-two high school mathematics teachers from the southeast U.S. were asked to (a) define lower- and higher-order thinking, (b) identify which thinking skills in Bloom's Taxonomy represented lower- and higher-order thinking, and (c) create an Algebra I final exam item representative of each thinking skill. Results indicate that mathematics teachers have difficulty interpreting the thi...
Analysis of Scattering by Inhomogeneous Dielectric Objects Using Higher-Order Hierarchical MoM
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kim, Oleksiy S.; Jørgensen, Erik; Meincke, Peter
An efficient technique for the analysis of electromagnetic scattering by arbitrary shaped inhomogeneous dielectric objects is presented. The technique is based on a higher-order method of moments (MoM) solution of the volume integral equation. This higher-order MoM solution comprises recently...... that the condition number of the resulting MoM matrix is reduced by several orders of magnitude in comparison to existing higher-order hierarchical basis functions and, consequently, an iterative solver can be applied even for high expansion orders. Numerical results demonstrate excellent agreement...
Lagrangian-Hamiltonian unified formalism for autonomous higher order dynamical systems
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Prieto-Martinez, Pedro Daniel; Roman-Roy, Narciso
The Lagrangian-Hamiltonian unified formalism of Skinner and Rusk was originally stated for autonomous dynamical systems in classical mechanics. It has been generalized for non-autonomous first-order mechanical systems, as well as for first-order and higher order field theories. However, a complete generalization to higher order mechanical systems is yet to be described. In this work, after reviewing the natural geometrical setting and the Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms for higher order autonomous mechanical systems, we develop a complete generalization of the Lagrangian-Hamiltonian unified formalism for these kinds of systems, and we use it to analyze some physical models from this new point of view. (paper)
Higher order generalized perturbation theory for boiling water reactor in-core fuel management optimization
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Moore, B.R.; Turinsky, P.J.
Boiling water reactor (BWR) loading pattern assessment requires solving the two-group, nodal form of the neutron diffusion equation and drift-flux form of the fluid equations simultaneously because these equation sets are strongly coupled via nonlinear feedback. To reduce the computational burden associated with the calculation of the core attributes (that is, core eigenvalue and thermal margins) of a perturbed BWR loading pattern, the analytical and numerical aspects of a higher order generalized perturbation theory (GPT) method, which correctly addresses the strong nonlinear feedbacks of two-phase flow, have been established. Inclusion of Jacobian information in the definition of the generalized flux adjoints provides for a rapidly convergent iterative method for solution of the power distribution and eigenvalue of a loading pattern perturbed from a reference state. Results show that the computational speedup of GPT compared with conventional forward solution methods demanding consistent accuracy is highly dependent on the number of spatial nodes utilized by the core simulator, varying from superior to inferior performance as the number of nodes increases
Assessing the plasmonics of gold nano-triangles with higher order laser modes
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Laura E. Hennemann
Full Text Available Regular arrays of metallic nano-triangles – so called Fischer patterns – are fabricated by nano-sphere lithography. We studied such gold nano-triangle arrays on silicon or glass substrates. A series of different samples was investigated with a parabolic mirror based confocal microscope where the sample is scanned through the laser focus. By employing higher order laser modes (azimuthally and radially polarised laser beams, we can excite the Fischer patterns using either a pure in-plane (x,y electric field or a strongly z-directional (optical axis of the optical microscope electric field. We collected and evaluated the emitted luminescence and thereby investigated the respectively excited plasmonic modes. These varied considerably: firstly with the light polarisation in the focus, secondly with the aspect ratio of the triangles and thirdly with the employed substrate. Moreover, we obtained strongly enhanced Raman spectra of an adenine (sub-monolayer on gold Fischer patterns on glass. We thus showed that gold Fischer patterns are promising surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS substrates.
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Damianus D Samo
Full Text Available The purpose of this study is to explore pre-service mathematics teachers' conception of higher-order thinking in Bloom's Taxonomy, to explore pre-service mathematics teachers' ability in categorizing six cognitive levels of Bloom's Taxonomy as lower-order thinking and higher-order thinking, and pre-service mathematics teachers' ability in identifying some questionable items as lower-order and higher-order thinking. The higher-order thinking is the type of non-algorithm thinking which include analytical, evaluative and creative thinking that involves metacognition. This research is a descriptive quantitative research. The data were analyzed and visualized by percentages and diagrams. The participants are 50 Third-Year Students of Mathematics Education Department at Universitas Nusa Cendana. The results showed: (1 pre-service mathematics teachers' conception of lower-order and higher-order thinking more emphasis on the different between the easy and difficult problem, calculation problem and verification problem, conceptual and contextual, and elementary and high-level problem; (2 pre-service mathematics teachers categorized six cognitive levels at the lower-order and higher-order thinking level correctly except at the applying level, preservice mathematics teachers placed it at the higher-order thinking level; (3 pre-service mathematics teacher tend to made the wrong identification of the test questions that were included in the lower-order and higher-order thinking. One of the recommendations is pre-service mathematics teachers should be familiarized of higher-order thinking questions start from their first-year of study in University.
Automated Reasoning in Higher-Order Logic using the TPTP THF Infrastructure
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Christoph Benzmueller
Full Text Available The Thousands of Problems for Theorem Provers (TPTP problem library is the basis of a well known and well established infrastructure that supports research, development, and deployment of Automated Theorem Proving (ATP systems. The extension of the TPTP from first-order form (FOF logic to typed higher-order form (THF logic has provided a basis for new development and application of ATP systems for higher-order logic. Key developments have been the specification of the THF language, the addition of higher-order problems to the TPTP, the development of the TPTP THF infrastructure, several ATP systems for higher-order logic, and the use of higher-order ATP in a range of domains. This paper describes these developments.
Subsorted Partial Higher-order Logic as an Extension of CASL
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Haxthausen, Anne; Mossakowski, Till; Krieg-Bruckner, Bernd
CASL is a specification language combining first-order logic, partiality and subsorting. However, inmany applications, first-order logic does not suffice. Consider e.g. the specification of functionalprograms, which often gain their conciseness through the use of higher-order functions, or thespe......CASL is a specification language combining first-order logic, partiality and subsorting. However, inmany applications, first-order logic does not suffice. Consider e.g. the specification of functionalprograms, which often gain their conciseness through the use of higher-order functions...... the need to get a faithful embedding offirst-order CASL into higher-order CASL. Finally, it is discussed how a proof calculus for the proposedlogic can be developed....
Subsorted Partial Higher-order Logic as an extension of CASL
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Mossakowski, T.; Haxthausen, Anne Elisabeth; Krieg-Brückner, B.
CASL is a specification language combining first-order logic, partiality and subsorting. However, inmany applications, first-order logic does not suffice. Consider e.g. the specification of functionalprograms, which often gain their conciseness through the use of higher-order functions, or thespe......CASL is a specification language combining first-order logic, partiality and subsorting. However, inmany applications, first-order logic does not suffice. Consider e.g. the specification of functionalprograms, which often gain their conciseness through the use of higher-order functions...... the need to get a faithful embedding offirst-order CASL into higher-order CASL. Finally, it is discussed how a proof calculus for the proposedlogic can be developed....
Magnetic susceptibility as a method of investigation of short-range order in strongly nonstoichiometric carbides
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nazarova, S.Z.; Gusev, A.I.
Magnetic susceptibility in disordered and ordered carbides of transition metals (M = Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta) was studied, the results are generalized. It was ascertained that the change in carbide susceptibility induced by deviation from stoichiometry stems from specific features of electronic spectra of the compounds. The use of magnetic susceptibility for determining structural disorder-order transitions is discussed. It is shown that change in the contribution made by orbital paramagnetism, resulting from short-range order formation, is the reason of decrease in susceptibility of nonstoichiometric carbides during the ordering. Experimentally obtained data on susceptibility permitted evaluating short- and far-range order parameters in NbC y , TaC y , TiC y and HfC y carbides [ru
The Link between Higher Order Thinking Skills, Representation and Concepts in Enhancing TIMSS Tasks
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nor'ain Mohd. Tajudin
Full Text Available Students' performances in TIMSS have featured strongly in recent discussions and debates about the quality of mathematical learning outcomes both from teachers and policy makers. Findings of TIMSS trends showed that most high school students in Malaysia continue to perform at less than satisfactory levels, particularly, in tasks that are cognitively demanding. In this article, we present a critical analysis of selected TIMSS Tasks and demonstrate how to support students better in the use of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS in making progress with such tasks. In so doing we present analyses of TIMSS tasks and a model of these tasks that relate HOTS, representation and concepts which can be utilised by teachers to understand the role of HOTS better in empowering students shift to higher levels of cognitive funtioning in the context of tackling TIMSS and similarly demanding tasks. Our analyses and model provide an important starting point for the design of future professional development programs for Malaysian mathematics teachers in reconceptualising HOTS and implementing them in regular classrooms.
Generalized q-Euler Numbers and Polynomials of Higher Order and Some Theoretic Identities
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
T. Kim
Full Text Available We give a new construction of the q-Euler numbers and polynomials of higher order attached to Dirichlet's character χ. We derive some theoretic identities involving the generalized q-Euler numbers and polynomials of higher order.
From "Hello" to Higher-Order Thinking: The Effect of Coaching and Feedback on Online Chats
Stein, David S.; Wanstreet, Constance E.; Slagle, Paula; Trinko, Lynn A.; Lutz, Michelle
This exploratory study examined the effect of a coaching and feedback intervention in teaching presence and social presence on higher-order thinking in an online community of inquiry. Coaching occurred before each chat, and feedback was provided immediately afterwards. The findings suggest that over time, the frequency of higher-order thinking…
On the formulations of higher-order strain gradient crystal plasticity models
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kuroda, M.; Tvergaard, Viggo
. A common feature of the former is that existence of higher-order stresses work-conjugate to gradients of plastic strain is presumed and an extended principle of virtual work involving such an additional virtual work contribution is formulated. Meanwhile, in the latter type, the higher-order stress...
Teaching Higher Order Thinking in the Introductory MIS Course: A Model-Directed Approach
Wang, Shouhong; Wang, Hai
One vision of education evolution is to change the modes of thinking of students. Critical thinking, design thinking, and system thinking are higher order thinking paradigms that are specifically pertinent to business education. A model-directed approach to teaching and learning higher order thinking is proposed. An example of application of the…
Comparing higher order models for the EORTC QLQ-C30
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Gundy, Chad M; Fayers, Peter M; Grønvold, Mogens
To investigate the statistical fit of alternative higher order models for summarizing the health-related quality of life profile generated by the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire.......To investigate the statistical fit of alternative higher order models for summarizing the health-related quality of life profile generated by the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire....
Parenting Quality: Confirmation of a Higher-Order Latent Construct with Mothers of Head Start Children
Hubbs-Tait, Laura; Page, Melanie C.; Huey, Erron L.; Starost, Huei-Juang; Culp, Anne McDonald; Culp, Rex E.; Harper, M. Elizabeth
We proposed a higher order latent construct of parenting young children, parenting quality. This higher-order latent construct comprises five component constructs: demographic protection, psychological distress, psychosocial maturity, moral and cognitive reflectivity, and parenting attitudes and beliefs. We evaluated this model with data provided…
The Impact of Non-Academic Involvement on Higher Order Thinking Skills
Franklin, Megan Armbruster
Although there is extensive literature on learning that occurs in academic settings on college campuses, data on whether students are engaging in higher order thinking skills in nonacademic settings are less prevalent. This study sought to understand whether students' higher order thinking skills (HOTs) are influenced by their involvement in…
Oscillation criteria for a class of partial functional-differential equations of higher order
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Tariel Kiguradze
Full Text Available Higher order partial differential equations with functional arguments including hyperbolic equations and beam equations are studied. Sufficient conditions are derived for every solution of certain boundary value problems to be oscillatory in a cylindrical domain. Our approach is to reduce the multi-dimensional oscillation problem to a one-dimensional problem for higher order functional differential inequalities.
Higher-order blackhole solutions in N=2 supergravity and Calabi-Yau string backgrounds
Behrndt, K.; Cardoso, G.L.; de Wit, B.Q.P.J.; Lüst, D.; Mohaupt, T.; Sabra, W.A.
Based on special geometry, we consider corrections to N=2 extremal black-hole solutions and their entropies originating from higher-order derivative terms in N=2 supergravity. These corrections are described by a holomorphic function, and the higher-order black-hole solutions can be expressed in
On the Continuity Condition for the Higher-Order VSIE-MoM Formulation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kim, Oleksiy S.; Jørgensen, Erik; Meincke, Peter
A higher-order method of moments (MoM) solution of the volume-surface integral equation (VSIE) based on the higher-order hierarchical Legendre basis functions is presented. The technique is suitable for solving electromagnetic problems involving composite metallic-dielectric objects. Numerical ex...
Higher order capacity statistics of multi-hop transmission systems over Rayleigh fading channels
Yilmaz, Ferkan
In this paper, we present an exact analytical expression to evaluate the higher order statistics of the channel capacity for amplify and forward (AF) multihop transmission systems operating over Rayleigh fading channels. Furthermore, we present simple and efficient closed-form expression to the higher order moments of the channel capacity of dual hop transmission system with Rayleigh fading channels. In order to analyze the behavior of the higher order capacity statistics and investigate the usefulness of the mathematical analysis, some selected numerical and simulation results are presented. Our results are found to be in perfect agreement. © 2012 IEEE.
The power of non-determinism in higher-order implicit complexity
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kop, Cynthia Louisa Martina; Simonsen, Jakob Grue
We investigate the power of non-determinism in purely functional programming languages with higher-order types. Specifically, we consider cons-free programs of varying data orders, equipped with explicit non-deterministic choice. Cons-freeness roughly means that data constructors cannot occur in ...... 0. Previous work has shown that adding explicit non-determinism to consfree programs taking data of order 0 does not increase expressivity; we prove that this—dramatically—is not the case for higher data orders: adding non-determinism to programs with data order at least 1 allows...
Recurrence relations for higher moments of order statistics from doubly truncated Burr distribution
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Narinder Pushkarna
Full Text Available In this paper, we have obtained recurrence relations for higher moments of order statistics from doubly truncated Burr distribution, which enable one to obtain all the single, double (product and higher moments of any order of all order statistics for any sample size from doubly truncated Burr distribution in a simple recursive manner, thus generalizing the earlier work done by Khan and Khan (1987 and also by Pushkarna, Saran and Tiwari (2012.
Combined topological and Landau order from strong correlations in Chern bands
Daghofer, Maria; Kourtis, Stefanos
In recent years, topologically nontrivial and nearly dispersionless bands have attracted attention as hosts for states analogous to fractional quantum-Hall states, but without a magnetic field. Indeed, such fractional Chern insulators were found and connections to fractional quantum-Hall states in Landau levels were established. We discuss here aspects where fractional Chern insulators differ from Landau levels. In particular, we present a class of states where both topological order and symmetry breaking arise spontaneously: the states show both fractional Hall conductivity and charge order. This coexistence of topological and conventional Landau order relies on the geometric frustration of the underlying lattice and consequently goes qualitatively beyond physics found in continuous Landau levels with their weak lattice. Supported by the Emmy-Noether program of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG).
Adaptive Integral Method for Higher-Order Hierarchical Method of Moments
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kim, Oleksiy S.; Meincke, Peter
The Adaptive Integral Method (AIM) is applied to solve the volume integral equation in conjunction with the higher-order Method of Moments (MoM). The classical AIM is modified for larger discretization cells to take advantage of higher-order MoM. The technique combines the low computational...... complexity and memory requirements of AIM with the reduced number of unknowns and higher-order convergence of higher-order hierarchical Legendre basis functions. Numerical examples given show the advantages of the proposed technique over AIM based on low-order basis functions in terms of memory...... and computational time. Several preconditioning techniques applied to AIM for volume integral equations are considered....
Elliptically polarized high-order harmonics from aligned molecules within the strong-field approximation
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Etches, Adam; Madsen, Christian Bruun; Madsen, Lars Bojer
A correction term is introduced in the stationary-point analysis on high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from aligned molecules. Arising from a multi-centre expansion of the electron wave function, this term brings our numerical calculations of the Lewenstein model into qualitative agreement...
Three-loop Standard Model effective potential at leading order in strong and top Yukawa couplings
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Martin, Stephen P. [Santa Barbara, KITP
I find the three-loop contribution to the effective potential for the Standard Model Higgs field, in the approximation that the strong and top Yukawa couplings are large compared to all other couplings, using dimensional regularization with modified minimal subtraction. Checks follow from gauge invariance and renormalization group invariance. I also briefly comment on the special problems posed by Goldstone boson contributions to the effective potential, and on the numerical impact of the result on the relations between the Higgs vacuum expectation value, mass, and self-interaction coupling.
Verifying object-oriented programs with higher-order separation logic in Coq
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bengtson, Jesper; Jensen, Jonas Braband; Sieczkowski, Filip
We present a shallow Coq embedding of a higher-order separation logic with nested triples for an object-oriented programming language. Moreover, we develop novel specification and proof patterns for reasoning in higher-order separation logic with nested triples about programs that use interfaces...... and interface inheritance. In particular, we show how to use the higher-order features of the Coq formalisation to specify and reason modularly about programs that (1) depend on some unknown code satisfying a specification or that (2) return objects conforming to a certain specification. All of our results have...
Modeling 3D PCMI using the Extended Finite Element Method with higher order elements
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Jiang, W. [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Spencer, Benjamin W. [Idaho National Lab. (INL), Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
This report documents the recent development to enable XFEM to work with higher order elements. It also demonstrates the application of higher order (quadratic) elements to both 2D and 3D models of PCMI problems, where discrete fractures in the fuel are represented using XFEM. The modeling results demonstrate the ability of the higher order XFEM to accurately capture the effects of a crack on the response in the vicinity of the intersecting surfaces of cracked fuel and cladding, as well as represent smooth responses in the regions away from the crack.
Rewriting High-Level Spreadsheet Structures into Higher-Order Functional Programs
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Biermann, Florian; Dou, Wensheng; Sestoft, Peter
usually have some high-level structure that can be used to improve performance by performing independent computation in parallel. In this paper, we devise rules for rewriting high-level spreadsheet structure in the form of so-called cell arrays into higher-order functional programs that can be easily...... parallelized on multicore processors. We implement our rule set for the experimental Funcalc spreadsheet engine which already implements parallelizable higher-order array functions as well as user-defined higher-order functions. Benchmarks show that our rewriting approach improves recalculation performance...
Extraordinary optical transmission with tapered slits: effect of higher diffraction and slit resonance orders
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sondergaard, T.; Bozhevolnyi, S. I.; Beermann, J.
Transmission through thin metal films with a periodic arrangement of tapered slits is considered. Transmission maps covering a wide range of periods, film thicknesses, and taper angles are presented. The maps show resonant transmission when fundamental and higher-order slit resonances are excited....... A study of the effect on transmission of different combinations of available transmission and reflection diffraction orders show optimum total transmission when only the fundamental reflection order and higher transmission diffraction orders are available. The optimum taper angle is shown...
Higher order BLG supersymmetry transformations from 10-dimensional super Yang Mills
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Hall, John [Alumnus of Physics Department, Imperial College,South Kensington, London, SW7 2AZ (United Kingdom); Low, Andrew [Physics Department, Wimbledon High School,Mansel Road, London, SW19 4AB (United Kingdom)
We study a Simple Route for constructing the higher order Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson theory - both supersymmetry transformations and Lagrangian - starting from knowledge of only the 10-dimensional Super Yang Mills Fermion Supersymmetry transformation. We are able to uniquely determine the four-derivative order corrected supersymmetry transformations, to lowest non-trivial order in Fermions, for the most general three-algebra theory. For the special case of Euclidean three-algbera, we reproduce the result presented in arXiv:1207.1208, with significantly less labour. In addition, we apply our method to calculate the quadratic fermion terms in the higher order BLG fermion supersymmetry transformation.
Next-to-next-to-leading order calculation of the strong coupling ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Therefore, it is of paramount importance to measure this parameter to the best possible ... the experimental uncer- tainty, one need to take into account the theoretical uncertainty on such a fundamental ... to the higher moments of 1 − T. the scale uncertainty as the dominant theoretical error on the precise determination of αs.
Imposed, ordered dust structures and other plasma features in a strongly magnetized plasma
Thomas, Edward; Leblanc, Spencer; Lynch, Brian; Konopka, Uwe; Merlino, Robert; Rosenberg, Marlene
The Magnetized Dusty Plasma Experiment (MDPX) device has been in operation for just over one year. In that time, the MDPX device has been operating using a uniform magnetic field configuration up to 3.0 Tesla and has successfully produced plasmas and dusty plasmas at high magnetic fields. In these experimental studies, we have made observations of a new type of imposed, ordered structure in a dusty plasma at magnetic fields above 1 T. These dusty plasma structures are shown to scale inversely with neutral pressure and are shown to reflect the spatial structure of a wire mesh placed in the plasma. Additionally, recent measurements have been made that give insights into the effective potential that establishes the ordered structures in the plasma. In this presentation, we report on details of the imposed, ordered dusty plasma structure as well as filamentary features that also appear in the plasma and modify the confinement of the dusty plasma. This work is supported with funding from the NSF and Department of Energy.
Competing orders in strongly correlated systems. Dirac materials and iron-based superconductors
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Classen, Laura
In this work we address the collective phenomena appearing in interacting fermion systems due to the competition of distinct orders at the example of Dirac materials and iron-based superconductors. On the one hand we determine leading ordering tendencies in an unbiased way, when Fermi liquid instabilities are expected simultaneously in the particle-particle and particle-hole channel. In this context we analyze the impact of electron-phonon interactions on the many-body instabilities of electrons on the honeycomb lattice. Furthermore we investigate the interplay between superconductivity, magnetism and orbital order in five-pocket iron-based superconductors including the full orbital composition of low-energy excitations. On the other hand we study how the close proximity of different phases affects the structure of the phase diagram and the nature of transitions, as well as the corresponding quantum multicritical behavior. To this end we consider the semimetal-insulator transitions to an antiferromagnetic and a staggered-density state of low-energy Dirac fermions. To account for the decisive role of interactions and the various degrees of freedom in these models, modern renormalization group techniques are applied.
Fractal Dimension Analysis of Higher-Order Mode Shapes for Damage Identification of Beam Structures
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Runbo Bai
Full Text Available Fractal dimension analysis is an emerging method for vibration-based structural damage identification. An unresolved problem in this method is its incapability of identifying damage by higher-order mode shapes. The natural inflexions of higher-order mode shapes may cause false peaks of high-magnitude estimates of fractal dimension, largely masking any signature of damage. In the situation of a scanning laser vibrometer (SLV providing a chance to reliably acquire higher-order (around tenth-order mode shapes, an improved fractal dimension method that is capable of treating higher-order mode shapes for damage detection is of important significance. This study proposes a sophisticated fractal dimension method with the aid of a specially designed affine transformation that is able to obviate natural inflexions of a higher-order mode shape while preserving its substantial damage information. The affine transformed mode shape facilitates the fractal dimension analysis to yield an effective damage feature: fractal dimension trajectory, in which an abruptly risking peak clearly characterizes the location and severity of the damage. This new fractal dimension method is demonstrated on multiple cracks identification in numerically simulated damage scenarios. The effectiveness of the method is experimentally validated by using a SLV to acquire higher-order mode shapes of a cracked cantilever beam.
Familial Longevity Is Associated With Higher TSH Secretion and Strong TSH-fT3 Relationship
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jansen, Steffy W; Roelfsema, Ferdinand; van der Spoel, Evie
CONTEXT: Longevity is associated with changes in circulating levels of thyroid hormone (TH) and/or TSH in animals and humans, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. OBJECTIVE: We explored in 38 offspring of nonagenarian participants from the Leiden Longevity Study, who are enriched for longevity...... properties of TSH. The temporal relationship between TSH and free T3 at zero delay was higher in offspring (0.48 ± 0.2) compared with partners (0.26 ± 0.4) (P = .05), but the feedback and forward interplay between TSH and TH did not differ. CONCLUSIONS: Familial longevity is associated with increased basal...
Higher-order-mode absorbers for energy recovery linac cryomodules at Brookhaven National Laboratory
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Hahn, H.; Ben-Zvi, I.; Calaga, R.; Hammons, L.; Johnson, E.C.; Kewisch, J.; Litvinenko, V.N.; Xu, W.
Several future accelerator projects at Brookhaven for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are based on energy recovery linacs (ERLs) with high-charge high-current electron beams. Their stable operation mandates effective higher-order-mode (HOM) damping. The development of HOM dampers for these projects is pursued actively at this laboratory. Strong HOM damping was experimentally demonstrated both at room and at superconducting (SC) temperatures in a prototype research and development (R and D) five-cell niobium superconducting rf (SRF) cavity with ferrite dampers. Two room-temperature mock-up five-cell copper cavities were used to study various damper configurations with emphasis on capacitive antenna dampers. An innovative type of ferrite damper over a ceramic break for an R and D SRF electron gun also was developed. For future SRF linacs longer cryomodules comprised of multiple superconducting cavities with reasonably short intercavity transitions are planned. In such a configuration, the dampers, located closer to the cavities, will be at cryogenic temperatures; this will impose additional constraints and complications. This paper presents the results of simulations and measurements of several damper configurations.
Higher-order-mode absorbers for energy recovery linac cryomodules at Brookhaven National Laboratory
Hahn, H.; Ben-Zvi, I.; Calaga, R.; Hammons, L.; Johnson, E. C.; Kewisch, J.; Litvinenko, V. N.; Xu, Wencan
Several future accelerator projects at Brookhaven for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) are based on energy recovery linacs (ERLs) with high-charge high-current electron beams. Their stable operation mandates effective higher-order-mode (HOM) damping. The development of HOM dampers for these projects is pursued actively at this laboratory. Strong HOM damping was experimentally demonstrated both at room and at superconducting (SC) temperatures in a prototype research and development (R&D) five-cell niobium superconducting rf (SRF) cavity with ferrite dampers. Two room-temperature mock-up five-cell copper cavities were used to study various damper configurations with emphasis on capacitive antenna dampers. An innovative type of ferrite damper over a ceramic break for an R&D SRF electron gun also was developed. For future SRF linacs longer cryomodules comprised of multiple superconducting cavities with reasonably short intercavity transitions are planned. In such a configuration, the dampers, located closer to the cavities, will be at cryogenic temperatures; this will impose additional constraints and complications. This paper presents the results of simulations and measurements of several damper configurations.
Higher-order-mode absorbers for energy recovery linac cryomodules at Brookhaven National Laboratory
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
H. Hahn
Full Text Available Several future accelerator projects at Brookhaven for the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC are based on energy recovery linacs (ERLs with high-charge high-current electron beams. Their stable operation mandates effective higher-order-mode (HOM damping. The development of HOM dampers for these projects is pursued actively at this laboratory. Strong HOM damping was experimentally demonstrated both at room and at superconducting (SC temperatures in a prototype research and development (R&D five-cell niobium superconducting rf (SRF cavity with ferrite dampers. Two room-temperature mock-up five-cell copper cavities were used to study various damper configurations with emphasis on capacitive antenna dampers. An innovative type of ferrite damper over a ceramic break for an R&D SRF electron gun also was developed. For future SRF linacs longer cryomodules comprised of multiple superconducting cavities with reasonably short intercavity transitions are planned. In such a configuration, the dampers, located closer to the cavities, will be at cryogenic temperatures; this will impose additional constraints and complications. This paper presents the results of simulations and measurements of several damper configurations.
Higher-Order Blind Signal Feature Separation: An Enabling Technology for Battlefield Awareness
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Su, Wei; Kosinski, John A
Higher-order transform blind signal feature classification is discussed for separating bar-shaped, circular, squared, circular-squared, and offset-diamonded constellation patterns of digital linear signals...
Higher-Order Wavefront Aberrations for Populations of Young Emmetropes and Myopes
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jinhua Bao
Conclusions: Human eyes have systematical higher order aberrations in population, and factors that cause bilateral symmetry of wavefront aberrations between the right and left eyes made important contribution to the systematical aberrations.
Higher Order Thinking in the Australian Army Suite of Logistic Officer Courses
National Research Council Canada - National Science Library
Bradford, Scott R
.... The current Suite of Logistic Officer Courses (SOLOC) has been recently criticized for failing to meet this requirement, with the general perception that there is a distinct lack of higher-order thinking competencies within this continuum...
Visualization and processing of higher order descriptors for multi-valued data
Schultz, Thomas
Modern imaging techniques and computational simulations yield complex multi-valued data that require higher-order mathematical descriptors. This book addresses topics of importance when dealing with such data, including frameworks for image processing, visualization, and statistical analysis of higher-order descriptors. It also provides examples of the successful use of higher-order descriptors in specific applications and a glimpse of the next generation of diffusion MRI. To do so, it combines contributions on new developments, current challenges in this area, and state-of-the-art surveys. Compared to the increasing importance of higher-order descriptors in a range of applications, tools for analysis and processing are still relatively hard to come by. Even though application areas such as medical imaging, fluid dynamics, and structural mechanics are very different in nature they face many shared challenges. This book provides an interdisciplinary perspective on this topic with contributions from key rese...
Deformation from symmetry for Schrodinger equations of higher order on unbounded domains
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Addolorata Salvatore
Full Text Available By means of a perturbation method recently introduced by Bolle, we discuss the existence of infinitely many solutions for a class of perturbed symmetric higher order Schrodinger equations with non-homogeneous boundary data on unbounded domains.
On the combined effect of the chemical reaction and a higher order ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
On the combined effect of the chemical reaction and a higher order temparature profile on the velocity of a stretched vertical permeable surface in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in the presence of heat generation and absorption.
Solution of volume-surface integral equations using higher-order hierarchical Legendre basis functions
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kim, Oleksiy S.; Meincke, Peter; Breinbjerg, Olav
The problem of electromagnetic scattering by composite metallic and dielectric objects is solved using the coupled volume-surface integral equation (VSIE). The method of moments (MoM) based on higher-order hierarchical Legendre basis functions and higher-order curvilinear geometrical elements...... with the analytical Mie series solution. Scattering by more complex metal-dielectric objects are also considered to compare the presented technique with other numerical methods....
Equivalent representations of higher-order Hamiltonian guiding-center theory
Brizard, Alain J.; Tronko, Natalia
Two complementary representations of higher-order guiding-center theory are presented, which are distinguished by whether higher-order corrections due to magnetic-field nonuniformity appear in the guiding-center Poisson bracket or the guiding-center Hamiltonian. The equivalence of these two representations implies that the guiding-center gyroaction adiabatic invariant and the guiding-center Hamilton equations of motion are representation-invariants. By using a new perturbative hierarchy in gu...
Sleep inertia, sleep homeostatic, and circadian influences on higher-order cognitive functions
Burke, Tina M.; Scheer, Frank A. J. L.; Ronda, Joseph M.; Czeisler, Charles A.; Wright, Kenneth P.
Sleep inertia, sleep homeostatic, and circadian processes modulate cognition, including reaction time, memory, mood, and alertness. How these processes influence higher-order cognitive functions is not well known. Six participants completed a 73-daylong study that included two 14-daylong 28h forced desynchrony protocols, to examine separate and interacting influences of sleep inertia, sleep homeostasis, and circadian phase on higher-order cognitive functions of inhibitory control and selectiv...
An algorithm for high order strong coupling expansions: The mass gap in 3d pure Z2 lattice gauge theory
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Decker, K.; Hamburg Univ.
An efficient description of all clusters contributing to the strong coupling expansion of the mass gap in three-dimensional pure Z 2 lattice gauge theory is presented. This description is correct to all orders in the strong coupling expansion and is chosen in such a way that it remains valid in four dimensions for gauge group Z 2 . Relying on this description an algorithm has been constructed which generates and processes all the contributing graphs to the exact strong coupling expansion of the mass gap in the three-dimensional model in a fully automatic fashion. A major component of this algorithm can also be used to generate exact strong coupling expansions for the free energy logZ. The algorithm is correct to any order; thus the order of these expansions is only limited by the available computing power. The presentation of the algorithm is such that it can serve as a guide-line for the construction of a generalized one which would also generate exact strong coupling expansions for the masses of low-lying excited states of four-dimensional pure Yang-Mills theories. (orig.)
Numerical simulation of stratified shear flow using a higher order Taylor series expansion method
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Iwashige, Kengo; Ikeda, Takashi [Hitachi, Ltd. (Japan)
A higher order Taylor series expansion method is applied to two-dimensional numerical simulation of stratified shear flow. In the present study, central difference scheme-like method is adopted for an even expansion order, and upwind difference scheme-like method is adopted for an odd order, and the expansion order is variable. To evaluate the effects of expansion order upon the numerical results, a stratified shear flow test in a rectangular channel (Reynolds number = 1.7x10{sup 4}) is carried out, and the numerical velocity and temperature fields are compared with experimental results measured by laser Doppler velocimetry thermocouples. The results confirm that the higher and odd order methods can simulate mean velocity distributions, root-mean-square velocity fluctuations, Reynolds stress, temperature distributions, and root-mean-square temperature fluctuations.
Higher order aberrations in amblyopic children and their role in refractory amblyopia
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Arnaldo Dias-Santos
Full Text Available Objective: Some studies have hypothesized that an unfavourable higher order aberrometric profile could act as an amblyogenic mechanism and may be responsible for some amblyopic cases that are refractory to conventional treatment or cases of "idiopathic" amblyopia. This study compared the aberrometric profile in amblyopic children to that of children with normal visual development and compared the aberrometric profile in corrected amblyopic eyes and refractory amblyopic eyes with that of healthy eyes. Methods: Cross-sectional study with three groups of children – the CA group (22 eyes of 11 children with unilateral corrected amblyopia, the RA group (24 eyes of 13 children with unilateral refractory amblyopia and the C group (28 eyes of 14 children with normal visual development. Higher order aberrations were evaluated using an OPD-Scan III (NIDEK. Comparisons of the aberrometric profile were made between these groups as well as between the amblyopic and healthy eyes within the CA and RA groups. Results: Higher order aberrations with greater impact in visual quality were not significantly higher in the CA and RA groups when compared with the C group. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in the higher order aberrometric profile between the amblyopic and healthy eyes within the CA and RA groups. Conclusions: Contrary to lower order aberrations (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, primary astigmatism, higher order aberrations do not seem to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of amblyopia. Therefore, these are likely not the cause of most cases of refractory amblyopia.
Strong uniaxial magnetic anisotropy in Co films on highly ordered grating-like nanopatterned Ge surfaces
Alam Mollick, Safiul; Singh, Ranveer; Kumar, Mohit; Bhattacharyya, Satyaranjan; Som, Tapobrata
We present a systematic investigation on uniaxial magnetic anisotropy (UMA) in Co thin films induced by high aspect ratio nanopatterned anisotropic substrates. Self-organized long grating-like nanostructures, with extreme regularities, are fabricated on Ge surfaces using Au-ion implantation at room temperature. Subsequently deposition of Co films are carried out on the same at two different angles. Magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements show strong UMA in Co films grown on ion-patterned Ge substrates, fabricated under different ion fluences, along and perpendicular to the direction of the patterns (long grating-like nanostructures). Magnetic force microscopy measurements under different externally applied magnetic fields reveal an easy domain wall motion when the field is applied along the grating-like nanostructures. On the other hand, high amplitude grating-like nanostructures hinder the spin rotation when the field is applied along the hard axis. The present study will be useful for magnetic recording media and ultra-small magnetic field sensors.
The advantage of higher-order theory of mind in the game of limited bidding
De Weerd, H.; Verheij, B.; van Eijck, J.; Verbrugge, L. C.
Higher-order theory of mind is the ability to recursively model mental states of other agents. It is known that adults in general can reason adequately at the second order (covering attributions like "Alice knows that Bob knows that she wrote a novel under pseudonym"), but there are cognitive limits
Encouraging Higher-Order Thinking in General Chemistry by Scaffolding Student Learning Using Marzano's Taxonomy
Toledo, Santiago; Dubas, Justin M.
An emphasis on higher-order thinking within the curriculum has been a subject of interest in the chemical and STEM literature due to its ability to promote meaningful, transferable learning in students. The systematic use of learning taxonomies could be a practical way to scaffold student learning in order to achieve this goal. This work proposes…
On the effects of wave steepness on higher order Stokes waves ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The effect of wave steepness on higher order finite amplitude Stokes waves is investigated analytically and numerically. It is shown that the phase speed increases as the wave steepness increases thereby initiating the wave instabilities. As the order increases, the phase speed also increases .However, the impact of wave ...
A stable higher order space time Galerkin marching-on-in-time scheme
Pray, Andrew J.
We present a method for the stable solution of time-domain integral equations. The method uses a technique developed in [1] to accurately evaluate matrix elements. As opposed to existing stabilization schemes, the method presented uses higher order basis functions in time to improve the accuracy of the solver. The method is validated by showing convergence in temporal basis function order, time step size, and geometric discretization order. © 2013 IEEE.
Strategic Learning in Youth with Traumatic Brain Injury: Evidence for Stall in Higher-Order Cognition
Gamino, Jacquelyn F.; Chapman, Sandra B.; Cook, Lori G.
Little is known about strategic learning ability in preteens and adolescents with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Strategic learning is the ability to combine and synthesize details to form abstracted gist-based meanings, a higher-order cognitive skill associated with frontal lobe functions and higher classroom performance. Summarization tasks were…
Higher Order Modeling in Hybrid Approaches to the Computation of Electromagnetic Fields
Wilton, Donald R.; Fink, Patrick W.; Graglia, Roberto D.
Higher order geometry representations and interpolatory basis functions for computational electromagnetics are reviewed. Two types of vector-valued basis functions are described: curl-conforming bases, used primarily in finite element solutions, and divergence-conforming bases used primarily in integral equation formulations. Both sets satisfy Nedelec constraints, which optimally reduce the number of degrees of freedom required for a given order. Results are presented illustrating the improved accuracy and convergence properties of higher order representations for hybrid integral equation and finite element methods.
An efficient higher-order PML in WLP-FDTD method for time reversed wave simulation
Wei, Xiao-Kun; Shao, Wei; Ou, Haiyan; Wang, Bing-Zhong
Derived from a stretched coordinate formulation, a higher-order complex frequency shifted (CFS) perfectly matched layer (PML) is proposed for the unconditionally stable finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method based on weighted Laguerre polynomials (WLPs). The higher-order PML is implemented with an auxiliary differential equation (ADE) approach. In order to further improve absorbing performance, the parameter values of stretching functions in the higher-order PML are optimized by the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). The optimal solutions can be chosen from the Pareto front for trading-off between two independent objectives. It is shown in a numerical test that the higher-order PML is efficient in terms of attenuating propagating waves and reducing late time reflections. Moreover, the higher-order PML can be placed very close to the wall when analyzing the channel characteristics of time reversal (TR) waves in a multipath indoor environment. Numerical examples of TR wave propagation demonstrate the availability of the proposed method.
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of triplets or higher-order extremely low birth weight infants.
Wadhawan, Rajan; Oh, William; Vohr, Betty R; Wrage, Lisa; Das, Abhik; Bell, Edward F; Laptook, Abbot R; Shankaran, Seetha; Stoll, Barbara J; Walsh, Michele C; Higgins, Rosemary D
Extremely low birth weight twins have a higher rate of death or neurodevelopmental impairment than singletons. Higher-order extremely low birth weight multiple births may have an even higher rate of death or neurodevelopmental impairment. Extremely low birth weight (birth weight 401-1000 g) multiple births born in participating centers of the Neonatal Research Network between 1996 and 2005 were assessed for death or neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. Neurodevelopmental impairment was defined by the presence of 1 or more of the following: moderate to severe cerebral palsy; mental developmental index score or psychomotor developmental index score less than 70; severe bilateral deafness; or blindness. Infants who died within 12 hours of birth were excluded. Maternal and infant demographic and clinical variables were compared among singleton, twin, and triplet or higher-order infants. Logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the association between singletons, twins, and triplet or higher-order multiples and death or neurodevelopmental impairment, controlling for confounding variables that may affect death or neurodevelopmental impairment. Our cohort consisted of 8296 singleton, 2164 twin, and 521 triplet or higher-order infants. The risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment was increased in triplets or higher-order multiples when compared with singletons (adjusted odds ratio: 1.7 [95% confidence interval: 1.29-2.24]), and there was a trend toward an increased risk when compared with twins (adjusted odds ratio: 1.27 [95% confidence: 0.95-1.71]). Triplet or higher-order births are associated with an increased risk of death or neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months' corrected age when compared with extremely low birth weight singleton infants, and there was a trend toward an increased risk when compared with twins.
Elimination of statistical fluctuations in higher order moments from event-by-event analysis
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Li Bo; Zhu Hongli; Liu Lianshou
In the present investigation of high energy multiparticle production, the method of event by event analysis has received wide interest. Inasmuch as the limited number of particles in a single event, an important problem is that the elimination of statistical fluctuations has to be worked out first of all. In the current literature, the elimination of statistical fluctuations has been only considered in lower order moments (not above the third order). In the present paper, the elimination of statistical fluctuations is studied in higher order moments and a general expression for the elimination of statistical fluctuations in the moments of arbitrary order is given. (author)
Variational-based higher-order energy-momentum schemes with incompatible modes for fiber-reinforced materials
Groß, Michael; Dietzsch, Julian
In this paper, a new class of time-stepping schemes for structural dynamics is presented, which originally emanate from Gauss-Runge-Kutta schemes as traditional representatives of higher-order symplectic-momentum schemes. The presented time stepping schemes belong to the family of higher-order energy-momentum schemes, which represent Gauss-Runge-Kutta schemes with a physically motivated time approximation of the considered mechanical system. As higher-order energy-momentum schemes so far are not derived by using a straight-forward design method, a variational-based design of energy-momentum schemes is shown. Here, a differential variational principle of continuum mechanics, Jourdain's principle, is discretized, and energy-momentum schemes emanate as discrete Euler-Lagrange equations. This procedure is strong related, but is not identical, to the derivation of variational integrators (VI), which emanate from discretising a Lagrange function or Hamilton's principle, respectively. Furthermore, this design procedure is well suited to connect energy-momentum schemes with numerical modifications based on mixed variational principles, as the enhanced assumed strain elements for improving the spatial discretisation in direction of a locking-free discrete formulation. Therefore, a Q1/E9 energy-momentum scheme of higher order for the continuum formulation of fiber-reinforced materials is presented. This material formulation is important for simulating dynamics of light-weight structures.
3D Higher Order Modeling in the BEM/FEM Hybrid Formulation
Fink, P. W.; Wilton, D. R.
Higher order divergence- and curl-conforming bases have been shown to provide significant benefits, in both convergence rate and accuracy, in the 2D hybrid finite element/boundary element formulation (P. Fink and D. Wilton, National Radio Science Meeting, Boulder, CO, Jan. 2000). A critical issue in achieving the potential for accuracy of the approach is the accurate evaluation of all matrix elements. These involve products of high order polynomials and, in some instances, singular Green's functions. In the 2D formulation, the use of a generalized Gaussian quadrature method was found to greatly facilitate the computation and to improve the accuracy of the boundary integral equation self-terms. In this paper, a 3D, hybrid electric field formulation employing higher order bases and higher order elements is presented. The improvements in convergence rate and accuracy, compared to those resulting from lower order modeling, are established. Techniques developed to facilitate the computation of the boundary integral self-terms are also shown to improve the accuracy of these terms. Finally, simple preconditioning techniques are used in conjunction with iterative solution procedures to solve the resulting linear system efficiently. In order to handle the boundary integral singularities in the 3D formulation, the parent element- either a triangle or rectangle-is subdivided into a set of sub-triangles with a common vertex at the singularity. The contribution to the integral from each of the sub-triangles is computed using the Duffy transformation to remove the singularity. This method is shown to greatly facilitate t'pe self-term computation when the bases are of higher order. In addition, the sub-triangles can be further divided to achieve near arbitrary accuracy in the self-term computation. An efficient method for subdividing the parent element is presented. The accuracy obtained using higher order bases is compared to that obtained using lower order bases when the number
Higher order reconstructions of the Ge(001) surface induced by a Ba layer
Koczorowski, W.; Grzela, T.; Puchalska, A.; Radny, M. W.; Jurczyszyn, L.; Schofield, S. R.; Czajka, R.; Curson, N. J.
Structural properties of Ba-induced reconstructions on a Ge(001) surface, based on atomic-resolution ultra high-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, are discussed. It is shown that while the Ba - Ge layer, which fully covers the surface, is dominated by a phase with an internal 2 × 3 periodicity, it also includes portions of higher order 2 × 6 and 4 × 3 surface reconstructions, always accompanied by 1D protrusions embedded into the dominating phase. Modelling the observed higher order structures, using the elementary cell of the 2 × 3 phase calculated within the density functional theory, is shown to reproduce the experimental data very well. As such the higher order reconstructions can be treated as local defects of the dominating 2 × 3 phase.
MIMO processing based on higher-order Poincaré spheres
Fernandes, Gil M.; Muga, Nelson J.; Pinto, Armando N.
A multi-input multi-output (MIMO) algorithm based on higher-order Poincaré spheres is demonstrated for space-division multiplexing (SDM) systems. The MIMO algorithm is modulation format agnostic, robust to frequency offset and does not require training sequences. In this approach, the space-multiplexed signal is decomposed in sets of two tributary signals, with each set represented in a higher-order Poincaré sphere. For any arbitrary complex modulation format, the samples of two tributaries can be represented in a given higher-order Poincaré sphere with a symmetry plane. The crosstalk along propagation changes the spatial orientation of this plane and, therefore, it can be compensated by computing and realigning the best fit plane. We show how the transmitted signal can be successfully recovered using this procedure for all possible combinations of tributaries. Moreover, we analyze the convergence speed for the MIMO technique considering several optical-to-noise ratios.
Learning about the world: developing higher order thinking in music education
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jaco Kruger
Full Text Available Innovative thinking is an innate human capacity geared towards adaptation and survival. Theories of education accordingly aim at developing teaching-learning strategies that promote creative, problem-solving reasoning referred to as higher order thinking. This essay briefly explains some of the assumptions underlying this concept, and then suggests how they may be reconfigured in a strategy suitable for education in and through music. The strategy involves a basic process of analysis, evaluation and creativity related to actual social experience. Higher order thinking therefore aims to equip learners with the capacity to synthesise relationships in and beyond particular fields of study so that their thinking may expand into the concreteness of the world. Keywords: social challenges, higher order thinking, education, music education, culture contact, Frère Jacques Disciplines: Disciplines: education, music education, musicology, history, anthropology, folklore studies, philosophy of art
Alignment of learning objectives and assessments in therapeutics courses to foster higher-order thinking.
FitzPatrick, Beverly; Hawboldt, John; Doyle, Daniel; Genge, Terri
To determine whether national educational outcomes, course objectives, and classroom assessments for 2 therapeutics courses were aligned for curricular content and cognitive processes, and if they included higher-order thinking. Document analysis and student focus groups were used. Outcomes, objectives, and assessment tasks were matched for specific therapeutics content and cognitive processes. Anderson and Krathwohl's Taxonomy was used to define higher-order thinking. Students discussed whether assessments tested objectives and described their thinking when responding to assessments. There were 7 outcomes, 31 objectives, and 412 assessment tasks. The alignment for content and cognitive processes was not satisfactory. Twelve students participated in the focus groups. Students thought more short-answer questions than multiple choice questions matched the objectives for content and required higher-order thinking. The alignment analysis provided data that could be used to reveal and strengthen the enacted curriculum and improve student learning.
A Linear-Elasticity Solver for Higher-Order Space-Time Mesh Deformation
Diosady, Laslo T.; Murman, Scott M.
A linear-elasticity approach is presented for the generation of meshes appropriate for a higher-order space-time discontinuous finite-element method. The equations of linear-elasticity are discretized using a higher-order, spatially-continuous, finite-element method. Given an initial finite-element mesh, and a specified boundary displacement, we solve for the mesh displacements to obtain a higher-order curvilinear mesh. Alternatively, for moving-domain problems we use the linear-elasticity approach to solve for a temporally discontinuous mesh velocity on each time-slab and recover a continuous mesh deformation by integrating the velocity. The applicability of this methodology is presented for several benchmark test cases.
The Influence of Higher-Order Epistasis on Biological Fitness Landscape Topography
Weinreich, Daniel M.; Lan, Yinghong; Jaffe, Jacob; Heckendorn, Robert B.
The effect of a mutation on the organism often depends on what other mutations are already present in its genome. Geneticists refer to such mutational interactions as epistasis. Pairwise epistatic effects have been recognized for over a century, and their evolutionary implications have received theoretical attention for nearly as long. However, pairwise epistatic interactions themselves can vary with genomic background. This is called higher-order epistasis, and its consequences for evolution are much less well understood. Here, we assess the influence that higher-order epistasis has on the topography of 16 published, biological fitness landscapes. We find that on average, their effects on fitness landscape declines with order, and suggest that notable exceptions to this trend may deserve experimental scrutiny. We conclude by highlighting opportunities for further theoretical and experimental work dissecting the influence that epistasis of all orders has on fitness landscape topography and on the efficiency of evolution by natural selection.
Multi-layer potentials and boundary problems for higher-order elliptic systems in Lipschitz domains
Mitrea, Irina
Many phenomena in engineering and mathematical physics can be modeled by means of boundary value problems for a certain elliptic differential operator in a given domain. When the differential operator under discussion is of second order a variety of tools are available for dealing with such problems, including boundary integral methods, variational methods, harmonic measure techniques, and methods based on classical harmonic analysis. When the differential operator is of higher-order (as is the case, e.g., with anisotropic plate bending when one deals with a fourth order operator) only a few options could be successfully implemented. In the 1970s Alberto Calderón, one of the founders of the modern theory of Singular Integral Operators, advocated the use of layer potentials for the treatment of higher-order elliptic boundary value problems. The present monograph represents the first systematic treatment based on this approach. This research monograph lays, for the first time, the mathematical foundation aimed...
Higher order moment description of supercontinuum noise and rogue wave statistics
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sørensen, Simon Toft; Bang, Ole; Dudley, John M.
We quantify the noise properties of supercontinuum (SC) generation in optical fibers using higher-order central moments. The higher-order moments quantify not only the mean and variance of a distribution, but also the asymmetry and the presence of long tails, and are thus particularly useful...... for identifying regions of long-tailed rogue wave like behaviour. By carrying out multiple numerical simulations in the presence of noise, we demonstrate that the statistical moments of Coefficient of Variation, Skew and Kurtosis provide the necessary rigorous measure of the SC histograms to yield a clear means...
A higher-order nonlocal elasticity and strain gradient theory and its applications in wave propagation
Lim, C. W.; Zhang, G.; Reddy, J. N.
In recent years there have been many papers that considered the effects of material length scales in the study of mechanics of solids at micro- and/or nano-scales. There are a number of approaches and, among them, one set of papers deals with Eringen's differential nonlocal model and another deals with the strain gradient theories. The modified couple stress theory, which also accounts for a material length scale, is a form of a strain gradient theory. The large body of literature that has come into existence in the last several years has created significant confusion among researchers about the length scales that these various theories contain. The present paper has the objective of establishing the fact that the length scales present in nonlocal elasticity and strain gradient theory describe two entirely different physical characteristics of materials and structures at nanoscale. By using two principle kernel functions, the paper further presents a theory with application examples which relates the classical nonlocal elasticity and strain gradient theory and it results in a higher-order nonlocal strain gradient theory. In this theory, a higher-order nonlocal strain gradient elasticity system which considers higher-order stress gradients and strain gradient nonlocality is proposed. It is based on the nonlocal effects of the strain field and first gradient strain field. This theory intends to generalize the classical nonlocal elasticity theory by introducing a higher-order strain tensor with nonlocality into the stored energy function. The theory is distinctive because the classical nonlocal stress theory does not include nonlocality of higher-order stresses while the common strain gradient theory only considers local higher-order strain gradients without nonlocal effects in a global sense. By establishing the constitutive relation within the thermodynamic framework, the governing equations of equilibrium and all boundary conditions are derived via the variational
On higher-order boundary conditions at elastic-plastic boundaries in strain-gradient plasticity
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Niordson, Christian Frithiof
are suppressed by using a very high artificial hardening modulus. Through numerical studies of pure bending under plane strain conditions, it is shown that this method predicts the build-up of higher order stresses in the pseudo-elastic regime. This has the effect of delaying the onset of incipient yield......A computational method for dealing with higher order boundary conditions on moving elastic-plastic boundaries in strain gradient plasticity is proposed. The basic idea is to skip the notion of a purely elastic regime, and instead introduce a pseudo-elastic regime, where plastic deformations...
Unifying refinement and hoare-style reasoning in a logic for higher-order concurrency
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Turon, Aaron; Dreyer, Derek; Birkedal, Lars
Modular programming and modular verification go hand in hand, but most existing logics for concurrency ignore two crucial forms of modularity: *higher-order functions*, which are essential for building reusable components, and *granularity abstraction*, a key technique for hiding the intricacies...... of fine-grained concurrent data structures from the clients of those data structures. In this paper, we present CaReSL, the first logic to support the use of granularity abstraction for modular verification of higher-order concurrent programs. After motivating the features of CaReSL through a variety...
Developing higher-order thinking skills with concept mapping: A case of pedagogic frailty
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Alberto J. Cañas
Full Text Available Concept maps have been proposed as a tool that can help develop and exercise higher-order thinking skills, including critical thinking, reflective thinking, synthesis, analysis, among others. In this paper, we review how the different aspects of constructing a concept map can help develop and exercise these skills, and discuss why most students never reach the level of concept mapping skills required to exercises their higher-order thinking skills, in what we propose is a case of pedagogic frailty involving the 'Pedagogy and Discipline' and 'Locus of Control' dimensions.
On the Computation Power of Name Parameterization in Higher-order Processes
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Xian Xu
Full Text Available Parameterization extends higher-order processes with the capability of abstraction (akin to that in lambda-calculus, and is known to be able to enhance the expressiveness. This paper focuses on the parameterization of names, i.e. a construct that maps a name to a process, in the higher-order setting. We provide two results concerning its computation capacity. First, name parameterization brings up a complete model, in the sense that it can express an elementary interactive model with built-in recursive functions. Second, we compare name parameterization with the well-known pi-calculus, and provide two encodings between them.
Higher-order stochastic differential equations and the positive Wigner function
Drummond, P. D.
General higher-order stochastic processes that correspond to any diffusion-type tensor of higher than second order are obtained. The relationship of multivariate higher-order stochastic differential equations with tensor decomposition theory and tensor rank is explained. Techniques for generating the requisite complex higher-order noise are proved to exist either using polar coordinates and γ distributions, or from products of Gaussian variates. This method is shown to allow the calculation of the dynamics of the Wigner function, after it is extended to a complex phase space. The results are illustrated physically through dynamical calculations of the positive Wigner distribution for three-mode parametric downconversion, widely used in quantum optics. The approach eliminates paradoxes arising from truncation of the higher derivative terms in Wigner function time evolution. Anomalous results of negative populations and vacuum scattering found in truncated Wigner quantum simulations in quantum optics and Bose-Einstein condensate dynamics are shown not to occur with this type of stochastic theory.
Higher-order schemes for the Laplace transformation method for parabolic problems
Douglas, C.
In this paper we solve linear parabolic problems using the three stage noble algorithms. First, the time discretization is approximated using the Laplace transformation method, which is both parallel in time (and can be in space, too) and extremely high order convergent. Second, higher-order compact schemes of order four and six are used for the the spatial discretization. Finally, the discretized linear algebraic systems are solved using multigrid to show the actual convergence rate for numerical examples, which are compared to other numerical solution methods. © 2011 Springer-Verlag.
An algorithm to use higher order invariants for modelling potential energy surface of nanoclusters
Jindal, Shweta; Bulusu, Satya S.
In order to fit potential energy surface (PES) of gold nanoclusters, we have integrated bispectrum features with artificial neural network (ANN) learning technique in this work. We have also devised an algorithm for selecting the frequencies that need to be coupled for extracting the phase information between different frequency bands. We have found that higher order invariant like bispectrum is highly efficient in exploring the PES as compared to other invariants. The sensitivity of bispectrum can also be exploited in acting as an order parameter for calculating many thermodynamic properties of nanoclusters.
Equivalence of two formalisms for calculating higher order synchrotron sideband spin resonances
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Mane, S.R.
Synchrotron sideband resonances of a first order spin resonance are generally regarded as the most important higher order spin resonances in a high-energy storage ring. Yokoya's formula for these resonances is rederived, including some extra terms, which he neglected, but which turn out to be of comparable magnitude to the terms retained. Including these terms, Yokoya's formalism and the SMILE algorithm are shown to be equivalent to leading order in the resonance strengths. The theoretical calculations are shown to agree with certain measurements from SPEAR
Higher-order radiative corrections for b b ¯→H-W+
Kidonakis, Nikolaos
I present higher-order radiative corrections from collinear and soft-gluon emission for the associated production of a charged Higgs boson with a W boson. The calculation uses expressions from resummation at next-to-leading-logarithm accuracy. From the resummed cross section I derive analytical formulas at approximate next-to-next-to-leading order and next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order. Total cross sections are presented for the process b b ¯→H-W+ at various LHC energies. The transverse momentum and rapidity distributions of the charged Higgs boson are also calculated.
Analyzes of students' higher-order thinking skills of heat and temperature concept
Slamet Budiarti, Indah; Suparmi, A.; Sarwanto; Harjana
High order thinking skills refer to three highest domains of the revised Bloom Taxonomy. The aims of the research were to analyze the student's higher-order thinking skills of heat and temperature concept. The samples were taken by purposive random sampling technique consisted of 85 high school students from 3 senior high schools in Jayapura city. The descriptive qualitative method was employed in this study. The data were collected by using tests and interviews regarding the subject matters of heat and temperature. Based on the results of data analysis, it was concluded that 68.24% of the students have a high order thinking skills in the analysis, 3.53% of the students have a high order thinking skills in evaluating, and 0% of the students have a high order thinking skills in creation.
A single dose of oxytocin nasal spray improves higher-order social cognition in schizophrenia.
Guastella, Adam J; Ward, Philip B; Hickie, Ian B; Shahrestani, Sara; Hodge, Marie Antoinette Redoblado; Scott, Elizabeth M; Langdon, Robyn
Schizophrenia is associated with significant impairments in both higher and lower order social cognitive performance and these impairments contribute to poor social functioning. People with schizophrenia report poor social functioning to be one of their greatest unmet treatment needs. Recent studies have suggested the potential of oxytocin as such a treatment, but mixed results render it uncertain what aspects of social cognition are improved by oxytocin and, subsequently, how oxytocin might best be applied as a therapeutic. The aim of this study was to determine whether a single dose of oxytocin improved higher-order and lower-order social cognition performance for patients with schizophrenia across a well-established battery of social cognition tests. Twenty-one male patients received both a single dose of oxytocin nasal spray (24IU) and a placebo, two weeks apart in a randomized within-subjects placebo controlled design. Following each administration, participants completed the social cognition tasks, as well as a test of general neurocognition. Results revealed that oxytocin particularly enhanced performance on higher order social cognition tasks, with no effects on general neurocognition. Results for individual tasks showed most improvement on tests measuring appreciation of indirect hints and recognition of social faux pas. These results suggest that oxytocin, if combined to enhance social cognition learning, may be beneficial when targeted at higher order social cognition domains. This study also suggests that these higher order tasks, which assess social cognitive processing in a social communication context, may provide useful markers of response to oxytocin in schizophrenia. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effective potential in the strong-coupling lattice QCD with next-to-next-to-learning order effects
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Nakano, Takashi Z.; Miura, Kohtaroh; Ohnishi, Akira
We derive an analytic expression of the effective potential at finite temperature (T) and chemical potential (μ) in the strong-coupling lattice QCD for color SU(3) including next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) effects in the strong coupling expansion. NNLO effective action terms are systematically evaluated in the leading order of the large dimensional (1/d) expansion, and are found to come from some types of connected two-plaquette configurations. We apply the extended Hubbard-Stratonovich transformation and a gluonic-dressed fermion technique to the effective action, and obtain the effective potential as a function of T, μ, and two order parameters: chiral condensate and vector potential field. The next-to-leading order (NLO) and NNLO effects result in modifications of the wave function renormalization factor, quark mass, and chemical potential. We find that T c,μ =0 and μ c,T =0 are similar to the NLO results, whereas the position of the critical point is sensitive to NNLO corrections. (author)
Method of applying single higher order polynomial basis function over multiple domains
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Lysko, AA
Full Text Available M) with higher-order polynomial basis functions, and applied to a surface form of the electrical field integral equation, under thin wire approximation. The main advantage of the proposed method is in permitting to reduce the required number of unknowns when...
Method of applying single higher order polynomial basis function over multiple domains
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Lysko, AA
Full Text Available A novel method has been devised where one set of higher order polynomial-based basis functions can be applied over several wire segments, thus permitting to decouple the number of unknowns from the number of segments, and so from the geometrical...
Compound waves in a higher order nonlinear model of thermoviscous fluids
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Rønne Rasmussen, Anders; Sørensen, Mads Peter; Gaididei, Yuri B.
A generalized traveling wave ansatz is used to investigate compound shock waves in a higher order nonlinear model of a thermoviscous fluid. The fluid velocity potential is written as a traveling wave plus a linear function of space and time. The latter offers the possibility of predicting...
Algebraic Specifications, Higher-order Types and Set-theoretic Models
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kirchner, Hélène; Mosses, Peter David
, and power-sets. This paper presents a simple framework for algebraic specifications with higher-order types and set-theoretic models. It may be regarded as the basis for a Horn-clause approximation to the Z framework, and has the advantage of being amenable to prototyping and automated reasoning. Standard...
Orthogonal Higher Order Structure of the WISC-IV Spanish Using Hierarchical Exploratory Factor Analytic Procedures
McGill, Ryan J.; Canivez, Gary L.
As recommended by Carroll, the present study examined the factor structure of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition Spanish (WISC-IV Spanish) normative sample using higher order exploratory factor analytic techniques not included in the WISC-IV Spanish Technical Manual. Results indicated that the WISC-IV Spanish subtests were…
Sparse representation of higher-order functional interaction patterns in task-based FMRI data.
Zhang, Shu; Li, Xiang; Lv, Jinglei; Jiang, Xi; Zhu, Dajiang; Chen, Hanbo; Zhang, Tuo; Guo, Lei; Liu, Tianming
Traditional task-based fMRI activation detection methods, e.g., the widely used general linear model (GLM), assume that the brain's hemodynamic responses follow the block-based or event-related stimulus paradigm. Typically, these activation detections are performed voxel-wise independently, and then are usually followed by statistical corrections. Despite remarkable successes and wide adoption of these methods, it remains largely unknown how functional brain regions interact with each other within specific networks during task performance blocks and in the baseline. In this paper, we present a novel algorithmic pipeline to statistically infer and sparsely represent higher-order functional interaction patterns within the working memory network during task performance and in the baseline. Specifically, a collection of higher-order interactions are inferred via the greedy equivalence search (GES) algorithm for both task and baseline blocks. In the next stage, an effective online dictionary learning algorithm is utilized for sparse representation of the inferred higher-order interaction patterns. Application of this framework on a working memory task-based fMRI data reveals interesting and meaningful distributions of the learned sparse dictionary atoms in task and baseline blocks. In comparison with traditional voxel-wise activation detection and recent pair-wise functional connectivity analysis, our framework offers a new methodology for representation and exploration of higher-order functional activities in the brain.
Higher?order ionospheric effects on the GPS reference frame and velocities
Petrie, E.J.; King, M.A.; Moore, P.; Lavallée, D.A.
We describe how GPS time series are influenced by higher?order ionospheric effects over the last solar cycle (1995–2008) and examine implications for geophysical studies. Using 14 years of globally reprocessed solutions, we demonstrate the effect on the reference frame. Including second? and
The control operator for the optimal control model of higher order ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The control operator of the Extended Conjugate Gradient Algorithm for the control of two- dimensional higher order non-dispersive waves was constructed in the paper. Explicit expressions of each elements, Ri,j , of the operator, R, were computed. These elements are useful for the implementation of the Optimal Control ...
Numerical computation of the optimal control model of higher-order ...
African Journals Online (AJOL)
The paper implemented the optimal control problem of higher-order nondispersive wave. The Extended Conjugate Gradient Method [1], was used to compute the optimal values of the control and state variables of the model while the analytical expressions of the state and control variables generated the analytical values.
Adaptive grouping for the higher-order multilevel fast multipole method
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Borries, Oscar Peter; Jørgensen, Erik; Meincke, Peter
An alternative parameter-free adaptive approach for the grouping of the basis function patterns in the multilevel fast multipole method is presented, yielding significant memory savings compared to the traditional Octree grouping for most discretizations, particularly when using higher-order basis...
Developing Learning Model Based on Local Culture and Instrument for Mathematical Higher Order Thinking Ability
Saragih, Sahat; Napitupulu, E. Elvis; Fauzi, Amin
This research aims to develop a student-centered learning model based on local culture and instrument of mathematical higher order thinking of junior high school students in the frame of the 2013-Curriculum in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The subjects of the research are seventh graders which are taken proportionally random consisted of three public…
Higher-order QCD corrections to inclusive particle production in panti p collisions
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Borzumati, F.M.; Kniehl, B.A.; Kramer, G.
Inclusive single-particle production cross sections have been calculated including higher-order QCD corrections. Transverse-momentum and rapidity distributions are presented and the scale dependence is studied. The results are compared with experimental data from the CERN Spanti pS Collider and the Fermilab Tevatron. (orig.)
The Higher Order Factor Structure and Gender Invariance of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory
Wright, Aidan G. C.; Lukowitsky, Mark R.; Pincus, Aaron L.; Conroy, David E.
The Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI) is a recently developed multidimensional inventory for the assessment of pathological narcissism. The authors describe and report the results of two studies that investigate the higher order factor structure and gender invariance of the PNI. The results of the first study indicate that the PNI has a…
Higher order point and continuum mechanics from phase-space action
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Shamanna, J.; Talukdar, B.; Das, U
It is pointed out that use of phase-space action provides an elegant method to study the canonical structure of problems in mechanics. Higher order Lagrangian systems are Hamiltonized by employing the variational principle in phase space. Studies are envisaged for both particle dynamics and field theory. Hamilton's equations are expressed in terms of appropriate Poisson brackets.
Multi-domain, higher order level set scheme for 3D image segmentation on the GPU
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sharma, Ojaswa; Zhang, Qin; Anton, François
Level set method based segmentation provides an efficient tool for topological and geometrical shape handling. Conventional level set surfaces are only $C^0$ continuous since the level set evolution involves linear interpolation to compute derivatives. Bajaj et al. present a higher order method t...... solver is efficient in memory usage....
Dissolution risks in first and higher order marital and cohabiting unions
Poortman, Anne-Rigt; Lyngstad, Torkild Hovde
More and more people enter multiple unions during their lives, and then they may choose to either cohabit or marry. We examine the implications of this diversity in partnership trajectories by assessing dissolution risks in first and higher order marital and cohabiting unions. We use recent
Quantum Noether identities for non-local transformations in higher-order derivatives theories
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Li, Z.P.; Long, Z.W.
Based on the phase-space generating functional of the Green function for a system with a regular/singular higher-order Lagrangian, the quantum canonical Noether identities (NIs) under a local and non-local transformation in phase space have been deduced, respectively. For a singular higher-order Lagrangian, one must use an effective canonical action I eff P in quantum canonical NIs instead of the classical I P in classical canonical NIs. The quantum NIs under a local and non-local transformation in configuration space for a gauge-invariant system with a higher-order Lagrangian have also been derived. The above results hold true whether or not the Jacobian of the transformation is equal to unity or not. It has been pointed out that in certain cases the quantum NIs may be converted to conservation laws at the quantum level. This algorithm to derive the quantum conservation laws is significantly different from the quantum first Noether theorem. The applications of our formulation to the Yang-Mills fields and non-Abelian Chern-Simons (CS) theories with higher-order derivatives are given, and the conserved quantities at the quantum level for local and non-local transformations are found, respectively. (orig.)
Higher Order Moments Generation by Mellin Transform for Compound Models of Clutter
Bhattacharya, C
The compound models of clutter statistics are found suitable to describe the nonstationary nature of radar backscattering from high-resolution observations. In this letter, we show that the properties of Mellin transform can be utilized to generate higher order moments of simple and compound models of clutter statistics in a compact manner.
Estimation of Higher Order Moments for Compound Models of Clutter by Mellin Transform
Bhattacharya, C
The compound models of clutter statistics are found suitable to describe the nonstationary nature of radar backscattering from high-resolution observations. In this letter, we show that the properties of Mellin transform can be utilized to generate higher order moments of simple and compound models of clutter statistics in a compact manner
Formalizing Higher-order Mobile Embedded Business Processes with Binding Bigraphs
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bundgaard, Mikkel; Glenstrup, Arne John; Hildebrandt, Thomas
We propose and formalize HomeBPEL, a higher-order WSBPEL-like business process execution language where processes are firstclass values that can be stored in variables, passed as messages, and activated as embedded sub-instances. A sub-instance is similar to a WSBPEL scope, except that it can...
Higher order equivalent edge currents for fringe wave radar scattering by perfectly conducting polygonal plates
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Breinbjerg, Olav
An approach for including higher order edge diffraction in the equivalent edge current (EEC) method is proposed. This approach, which applies to monostatic as well as bistatic radar configurations with perfectly conducting polygonal plates, involves three distinct sets of EECs. All of these sets ...
Stabilization of solutions to higher-order nonlinear Schrodinger equation with localized damping
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Eleni Bisognin
Full Text Available We study the stabilization of solutions to higher-order nonlinear Schrodinger equations in a bounded interval under the effect of a localized damping mechanism. We use multiplier techniques to obtain exponential decay in time of the solutions of the linear and nonlinear equations.
A review of higher order strain gradient theories of plasticity: Origins ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
... Refresher Courses · Symposia · Live Streaming. Home; Journals; Sadhana; Volume 40; Issue 4. A review of higher order strain gradient theories of plasticity: Origins, thermodynamics and connections with dislocation mechanics. Suman Guha Sandeep Sangal Sumit Basu. Mechanical Sciences Volume 40 Issue 4 June ...
Higher Order Commutators of Fractional Integral Operator on the Homogeneous Herz Spaces with Variable Exponent
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Liwei Wang
Full Text Available By decomposing functions, we establish estimates for higher order commutators generated by fractional integral with BMO functions or the Lipschitz functions on the homogeneous Herz spaces with variable exponent. These estimates extend some known results in the literatures.
Dichotomous Identification Keys: A Ladder to Higher Order Knowledge about the Human Body
Sorgo, Andrej
We tried to enrich teaching human anatomy in high school biology lessons. Students construct dichotomous identification keys to the cells, tissues, organs, or body parts. By doing this, students have achieved higher-order cognitive levels of knowledge because construction of such keys is based on analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Students found…
Mathematics in Finance and Economics: Importance of Teaching Higher Order Mathematical Thinking Skills in Finance
Tularam, Gurudeo Anand
This paper addresses the importance of teaching mathematics in business and finance schools of tertiary institutions of Australia. The paper explores the nature of thinking and reasoning required for advancement financial or economic studies involves the use of higher order thinking and creativity skills (HOTS) for teaching in mathematics classes.…
Higher-order corrected Higgs bosons in FeynHiggs2.4
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Abstract. Large higher-order corrections enter the Higgs boson sector of the MSSM via Higgs-boson self-energies. Their effects have to be taken into account for the correct treatment of loop-corrected Higgs-boson mass eigenstates as external (on-shell) or internal particles in Feynman diagrams. We review how the loop ...
Stabilization of the higher order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
Abstract. We study the internal stabilization of the higher order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with constant coefficients. ... cattering, respectively. (1.2) also arised in the optical communications (see [1, 8, 16]). They can be applied to the long distance communications and ultrafast signalrouting systems. The HNLS models.
Tracking Skill Acquisition with Cognitive Diagnosis Models: A Higher-Order, Hidden Markov Model with Covariates
Wang, Shiyu; Yang, Yan; Culpepper, Steven Andrew; Douglas, Jeffrey A.
A family of learning models that integrates a cognitive diagnostic model and a higher-order, hidden Markov model in one framework is proposed. This new framework includes covariates to model skill transition in the learning environment. A Bayesian formulation is adopted to estimate parameters from a learning model. The developed methods are…
Reexamining the Literature: The Impact of Peer Tutoring on Higher Order Learning
Morano, Stephanie; Riccomini, Paul J.
The body of peer-tutoring intervention research targeting higher order learning (HOL) objectives for middle and high school students with disabilities is reviewed. Peer-tutoring outcomes are synthesized and studies are analyzed to examine the influence of tutoring procedures and study design features on intervention efficacy. Findings show that…
A Probabilistic Model of Visual Working Memory: Incorporating Higher Order Regularities into Working Memory Capacity Estimates
Brady, Timothy F.; Tenenbaum, Joshua B.
When remembering a real-world scene, people encode both detailed information about specific objects and higher order information like the overall gist of the scene. However, formal models of change detection, like those used to estimate visual working memory capacity, assume observers encode only a simple memory representation that includes no…
A review of higher order strain gradient theories of plasticity: Origins ...
Indian Academy of Sciences (India)
The same problems are solved with a simple higher order strain gradient formulation to capture the .... This example, though not based on a problem in plasticity, allows us to demonstrate the con- cept of scale ...... form deformation results from a rapid starvation of the structures of the small dislocation sources present in it at ...
Toward an Understanding of Higher-Order Thinking among Minority Students.
Armour-Thomas, Eleanor; And Others
Used principal-factors extraction with varimax rotation analysis to clarify nature and function of higher-order thinking among minority high school students (n=107) from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. Results allowed for specification of mental processes associated with the construct and the extent to which students reported awareness and…
Higher-order multipole amplitude measurement in psi ' -> gamma chi(c2)
Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Alberto, D.; An, F. F.; An, Q.; An, Z. H.; Bai, J. Z.; Baldini, R.; Ban, Y.; Becker, J.; Berger, N.; Bertani, M.; Bian, J. M.; Boger, E.; Bondarenko, O.; Boyko, I.; Briere, R. A.; Bytev, V.; Cai, X.; Calcaterra, A. C.; Cao, G. F.; Chang, J. F.; Chelkov, G.; Chen, G.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, J. C.; Chen, M. L.; Chen, S. J.; Chen, Y.; Chen, Y. B.; Cheng, H. P.; Chu, Y. P.; Cronin-Hennessy, D.; Dai, H. L.; Dai, J. P.; Dedovich, D.; Deng, Z. Y.; Denysenko, I.; Destefanis, M.; Ding, Y.; Dong, L. Y.; Dong, M. Y.; Du, S. X.; Fang, J.; Fang, S. S.; Feng, C. Q.; Fu, C. D.; Fu, J. L.; Gao, Y.; Geng, C.; Goetzen, K.; Gong, W. X.; Greco, M.; Gu, M. H.; Gu, Y. T.; Guan, Y. H.; Guo, A. Q.; Guo, L. B.; Guo, Y. P.; Han, Y. L.; Hao, X. Q.; Harris, F. A.; He, K. L.; He, M.; He, Z. Y.; Heng, Y. K.; Hou, Z. L.; Hu, H. M.; Hu, J. F.; Hu, T.; Huang, B.; Huang, G. M.; Huang, J. S.; Huang, X. T.; Huang, Y. P.; Hussain, T.; Ji, C. S.; Ji, Q.; Ji, X. B.; Ji, X. L.; Jia, L. K.; Jiang, L. L.; Jiang, X. S.; Jiao, J. B.; Jiao, Z.; Jin, D. P.; Jin, S.; Jing, F. F.; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.; Kavatsyuk, M.; Kuehn, W.; Lai, W.; Lange, J. S.; Leung, J. K. C.; Li, C. H.; Li, Cheng; Li, Cui; Li, D. M.; Li, F.; Li, G.; Li, H. B.; Li, J. C.; Li, K.; Li, Lei; Li, N. B.; Li, Q. J.; Li, S. L.; Li, W. D.; Li, W. G.; Li, X. L.; Li, X. N.; Li, X. Q.; Li, X. R.; Li, Z. B.; Liang, H.; Liang, Y. F.; Liang, Y. T.; Liao, X. T.; Liu, B. J.; Liu, C. L.; Liu, C. X.; Liu, C. Y.; Liu, F. H.; Liu, Fang; Liu, Feng; Liu, H.; Liu, H. B.; Liu, H. H.; Liu, H. M.; Liu, H. W.; Liu, J. P.; Liu, K.; Liu, K.; Liu, K. Y.; Liu, Q.; Liu, S. B.; Liu, X.; Liu, X. H.; Liu, Y. B.; Liu, Y. W.; Liu, Yong; Liu, Z. A.; Liu, Zhiqiang; Liu, Zhiqing; Loehner, H.; Lu, G. R.; Lu, H. J.; Lu, J. G.; Lu, Q. W.; Lu, X. R.; Lu, Y. P.; Luo, C. L.; Luo, M. X.; Luo, T.; Luo, X. L.; Lv, M.; Ma, C. L.; Ma, F. C.; Ma, H. L.; Ma, Q. M.; Ma, S.; Ma, T.; Ma, X.; Ma, X. Y.; Maggiora, M.; Malik, Q. A.; Mao, H.; Mao, Y. J.; Mao, Z. P.; Messchendorp, J. G.; Min, J.; Min, T. J.; Mitchell, R. E.; Mo, X. H.; Muchnoi, N. Yu; Nefedov, Y.; Nikolaev, I. B.; Ning, Z.; Olsen, S. L.; Ouyang, Q.; Pacetti, S.; Park, J. W.; Pelizaeus, M.; Peters, K.; Ping, J. L.; Ping, R. G.; Poling, R.; Pun, C. S. J.; Qi, M.; Qian, S.; Qiao, C. F.; Qin, X. S.; Qiu, J. F.; Rashid, K. H.; Rong, G.; Ruan, X. D.; Sarantsev, A.; Schulze, J.; Shao, M.; Shen, C. P.; Shen, X. Y.; Sheng, H. Y.; Shepherd, M. R.; Song, X. Y.; Spataro, S.; Spruck, B.; Sun, D. H.; Sun, G. X.; Sun, J. F.; Sun, S. S.; Sun, X. D.; Sun, Y. J.; Sun, Y. Z.; Sun, Z. J.; Sun, Z. T.; Tang, C. J.; Tang, X.; Tian, H. L.; Toth, D.; Varner, G. S.; Wang, B.; Wang, B. Q.; Wang, K.; Wang, L. L.; Wang, L. S.; Wang, M.; Wang, P.; Wang, P. L.; Wang, Q.; Wang, Q. J.; Wang, S. G.; Wang, X. L.; Wang, Y. D.; Wang, Y. F.; Wang, Y. Q.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Z. G.; Wang, Z. Y.; Wei, D. H.; Wen, Q. G.; Wen, S. P.; Wiedner, U.; Wu, L. H.; Wu, N.; Wu, W.; Wu, Z.; Xiao, Z. J.; Xie, Y. G.; Xiu, Q. L.; Xu, G. F.; Xu, G. M.; Xu, H.; Xu, Q. J.; Xu, X. P.; Xu, Y.; Xu, Z. R.; Xu, Z. Z.; Xue, Z.; Yan, L.; Yan, W. B.; Yan, Y. H.; Yang, H. X.; Yang, T.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y. X.; Ye, H.; Ye, M.; Ye, M. H.; Yu, B. X.; Yu, C. X.; Yu, S. P.; Yuan, C. Z.; Yuan, W. L.; Yuan, Y.; Zafar, A. A.; Zallo, A.; Zeng, Y.; Zhang, B. X.; Zhang, B. Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, C. C.; Zhang, D. H.; Zhang, H. H.; Zhang, H. Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, J. Q.; Zhang, J. W.; Zhang, J. Y.; Zhang, J. Z.; Zhang, L.; Zhang, S. H.; Zhang, T. R.; Zhang, X. J.; Zhang, X. Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhang, Y. S.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Zhao, G.; Zhao, H. S.; Zhao, Jiawei; Zhao, Jingwei; Zhao, Lei; Zhao, Ling; Zhao, M. G.; Zhao, Q.; Zhao, S. J.; Zhao, T. C.; Zhao, X. H.; Zhao, Y. B.; Zhao, Z. G.; Zhao, Z. L.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zheng, B.; Zheng, J. P.; Zheng, Y. H.; Zheng, Z. P.; Zhong, B.; Zhong, J.; Zhong, L.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, X. K.; Zhou, X. R.; Zhu, C.; Zhu, K.; Zhu, K. J.; Zhu, S. H.; Zhu, X. L.; Zhu, X. W.; Zhu, Y. S.; Zhu, Z. A.; Zhuang, J.; Zou, B. S.; Zou, J. H.; Zuo, J. X.
Using 106 x 10(6) psi' events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII storage ring, the higher-order multipole amplitudes in the radiative transition psi' -> gamma chi(c2) -> gamma pi(+)pi(-)/gamma K+K- are measured. A fit to the chi(c2) production and decay angular distributions yields M2
Second- and Higher-Order Virial Coefficients Derived from Equations of State for Real Gases
Parkinson, William A.
Derivation of the second- and higher-order virial coefficients for models of the gaseous state is demonstrated by employing a direct differential method and subsequent term-by-term comparison to power series expansions. This communication demonstrates the application of this technique to van der Waals representations of virial coefficients.…
Shape invariant higher-order Bessel-like beams carrying orbital angular momentum
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Ismail, Y
Full Text Available We present a method for generating higher-order Bessel beams with z-dependent cone angles. Such fields, if engineered correctly, are shape invariant during propagation and thus do not suffer from a transition from a Bessel-shaped intensity profile...
Modulational instability and dynamics of implicit higher-order rogue wave solutions for the Kundu equation
Wen, Xiao-Yong; Zhang, Guoqiang
Under investigation in this paper is the Kundu equation, which may be used to describe the propagation process of ultrashort optical pulses in nonlinear optics. The modulational instability of the plane-wave for the possible reason of the formation of the rogue wave (RW) is studied for the system. Based on our proposed generalized perturbation (n,N ‑ n)-fold Darboux transformation (DT), some new higher-order implicit RW solutions in terms of determinants are obtained by means of the generalized perturbation (1,N ‑ 1)-fold DT, when choosing different special parameters, these results will reduce to the RW solutions of the Kaup-Newell (KN) equation, Chen-Lee-Liu (CLL) equation and Gerjikov-Ivanov (GI) equation, respectively. The relevant wave structures are shown graphically, which display abundant interesting wave structures. The dynamical behaviors and propagation stability of the first-order and second-order RW solutions are discussed by using numerical simulations, the higher-order nonlinear terms for the Kundu equation have an impact on the propagation instability of the RW. The method can also be extended to find the higher-order RW or rational solutions of other integrable nonlinear equations.
Onset of magnetic order in strongly-correlated systems from ab initio electronic structure calculations: application to transition metal oxides
Hughes, I. D.; Däne, M.; Ernst, A.; Hergert, W.; Lüders, M.; Staunton, J. B.; Szotek, Z.; Temmerman, W. M.
We describe an ab initio theory of finite temperature magnetism in strongly-correlated electron systems. The formalism is based on spin density functional theory, with a self-interaction corrected local spin density approximation (SIC-LSDA). The self-interaction correction is implemented locally, within the Kohn-Korringa-Rostoker (KKR) multiple-scattering method. Thermally induced magnetic fluctuations are treated using a mean-field 'disordered local moment' (DLM) approach and at no stage is there a fitting to an effective Heisenberg model. We apply the theory to the 3d transition metal oxides, where our calculations reproduce the experimental ordering tendencies, as well as the qualitative trend in ordering temperatures. We find a large insulating gap in the paramagnetic state which hardly changes with the onset of magnetic order.
Signal Processing and Sampling Method for Obtaining Time Series Corresponding to Higher Order Derivatives
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Andreea Sterian
accuracy some significant quantities corresponding to the dynamic system. For fast phenomena, such significant quantities are represented by the derivatives of the received signals. In case of advanced computer modeling, the received signal should be filtered and converted into a time series corresponding to the estimated values for the dynamic system through a sampling procedure. This paper will show that present-day methods for computing in a robust manner the first derivative of a received signal (using an oscillating system working on a limited time interval and a supplementary differentiation method can be extended to the robust computation of higher order derivatives of the received signal by using a specific set of second-order oscillating systems (working also on limited time intervals so as estimative values for higher-order derivatives are to be directly generated (avoiding the necessity of additional differentiation or amplifying procedures, which represent a source of supplementary errors in present-day methods.
Disturbance of soliton pulse propagation from higher-order dispersive waveguides.
Marko, Matthew; Veitia, Andrzej; Li, Xiujian; Zheng, Jiangjun
Optical soliton pulses offer many applications within optical communication systems, but by definition a soliton is only subjected to second-order anomalous group-velocity-dispersion; an understanding of higher-order dispersion is necessary for practical implementation of soliton pulses. A numerical model of a waveguide was developed using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, with parameters set to ensure the input pulse energy would be equal to the fundamental soliton energy. Higher-order group-velocity-dispersion was gradually increased, for various temporal widths and waveguide dispersions. A minimum pulse duration of 100 fs was determined to be necessary for fundamental soliton pulse propagation in practical photonic crystal waveguides.
Higher-Order Topological Insulators and Semimetals on the Breathing Kagome and Pyrochlore Lattices
Ezawa, Motohiko
A second-order topological insulator in d dimensions is an insulator which has no d -1 dimensional topological boundary states but has d -2 dimensional topological boundary states. It is an extended notion of the conventional topological insulator. Higher-order topological insulators have been investigated in square and cubic lattices. In this Letter, we generalize them to breathing kagome and pyrochlore lattices. First, we construct a second-order topological insulator on the breathing Kagome lattice. Three topological boundary states emerge at the corner of the triangle, realizing a 1 /3 fractional charge at each corner. Second, we construct a third-order topological insulator on the breathing pyrochlore lattice. Four topological boundary states emerge at the corners of the tetrahedron with a 1 /4 fractional charge at each corner. These higher-order topological insulators are characterized by the quantized polarization, which constitutes the bulk topological index. Finally, we study a second-order topological semimetal by stacking the breathing kagome lattice.
Technical decision making with higher order structure data: impact of a formulation change on the higher order structure and stability of a mAb.
Gruia, Flaviu; Du, Jiali; Santacroce, Paul V; Remmele, Richard L; Bee, Jared S
Changes in formulation may be required during the development of protein therapeutics. Some of the changes may alter the protein higher order structure (HOS). In this note, we show how the change from a trehalose-based formulation to an arginine-based formulation concomitantly impacted the tertiary structure and the thermal stability of a mAb (mAb1). The secondary structure was not disrupted by the formulation change. The destabilization of the tertiary structure did not affect the long-term stability or the bioactivity of mAb1. This indicates that loss of conformational stability was likely compensated by improvements in the colloidal stability of mAb1 in the arginine-based formulation. The formulation-induced changes in HOS were reversible as proven by measurements after dilution in a common buffer (phosphate-buffered saline). For aggregation driven by assembly of aggregates (colloidally limited), small changes in conformational structure and stability as measured by HOS methods may not necessarily be predictive of long-term stability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.
Structural evolution on medium-range-order during the fragile-strong transition in Ge15Te85
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wei, Shuai; Stolpe, Moritz; Gross, Oliver; Hembree, William; Hechler, Simon; Bednarcik, Jozef; Busch, Ralf; Lucas, Pierre
Using synchrotron X-ray scattering, we investigate liquid Ge 15 Te 85 spanning a wide temperature range from near T g to the melt, and demonstrate that the density anomaly and fragile-strong transition are not only related to short-range-order (SRO) structural change (e.g. Peierls-like distortion), but also accompanied by a remarkable development of medium-range-order (MRO). The latter manifests as an emerging pre-peak in total structure factor S(Q) and atomic pair correlations on the length scale of ∼8 Å in the real space G(r) function. The results highlight the role of medium-range structural ordering in the evolution of the configurational entropy which, according to the Adam-Gibbs theory, can be linked to the fragile-strong transition (FS-transition). Based on the relation between structure and liquid dynamics, the FS-transitions at high pressures are examined in terms of experimental data and the Ehrenfest relation. This work identifies the length scale for the atomic correlations in MRO structural evolutions and presents a structural approach to exploring liquid dynamics, which may be useful for investigating relevant phase-change alloys.
Higher-order neural network software for distortion invariant object recognition
Reid, Max B.; Spirkovska, Lilly
The state-of-the-art in pattern recognition for such applications as automatic target recognition and industrial robotic vision relies on digital image processing. We present a higher-order neural network model and software which performs the complete feature extraction-pattern classification paradigm required for automatic pattern recognition. Using a third-order neural network, we demonstrate complete, 100 percent accurate invariance to distortions of scale, position, and in-plate rotation. In a higher-order neural network, feature extraction is built into the network, and does not have to be learned. Only the relatively simple classification step must be learned. This is key to achieving very rapid training. The training set is much smaller than with standard neural network software because the higher-order network only has to be shown one view of each object to be learned, not every possible view. The software and graphical user interface run on any Sun workstation. Results of the use of the neural software in autonomous robotic vision systems are presented. Such a system could have extensive application in robotic manufacturing.
Higher Order Elastic Constants, Gruneisen Parameters and Lattice Thermal Expansion of Lithium Niobate
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Thresiamma Philip
Full Text Available The second and third-order elastic constants and pressure derivatives of second- order elastic constants of trigonal LiNbO3 (lithium niobate have been obtained using the deformation theory. The strain energy density estimated using finite strain elasticity is compared with the strain dependent lattice energy density obtained from the elastic continuum model approximation. The second-order elastic constants and the non-vanishing third-order elastic constants along with the pressure derivatives of trigonal LiNbO3 are obtained in the present work. The second and third-order elastic constants are compared with available experimental values. The second-order elastic constant C11 which corresponds to the elastic stiffness along the basal plane of the crystal is less than C33 which corresponds to the elastic stiffness tensor component along the c-axis of the crystal. The pressure derivatives, dC'ij/dp obtained in the present work, indicate that trigonal LiNbO3 is compressible. The higher order elastic constants are used to find the generalized Gruneisen parameters of the elastic waves propagating in different directions in LiNbO3. The Brugger gammas are evaluated and the low temperature limit of the Gruneisen gamma is obtained. The results are compared with available reported values.
A higher-order tensor vessel tractography for segmentation of vascular structures.
Cetin, Suheyla; Unal, Gozde
A new vascular structure segmentation method, which is based on a cylindrical flux-based higher order tensor (HOT), is presented. On a vessel structure, the HOT naturally models branching points, which create challenges for vessel segmentation algorithms. In a general linear HOT model embedded in 3D, one has to work with an even order tensor due to an enforced antipodal-symmetry on the unit sphere. However, in scenarios such as in a bifurcation, the antipodally-symmetric tensor embedded in 3D will not be useful. In order to overcome that limitation, we embed the tensor in 4D and obtain a structure that can model asymmetric junction scenarios. During construction of a higher order tensor (e.g. third or fourth order) in 4D, the orientation vectors lie on the unit 3-sphere, in contrast to the unit 2-sphere in 3D tensor modeling. This 4D tensor is exploited in a seed-based vessel segmentation algorithm, where the principal directions of the 4D HOT is obtained by decomposition, and used in a HOT tractography approach. We demonstrate quantitative validation of the proposed algorithm on both synthetic complex tubular structures as well as real cerebral vasculature in Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) datasets and coronary arteries from Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) volumes.
A strong pelvic floor is associated with higher rates of sexual activity in women with pelvic floor disorders
Kanter, Gregg; Rogers, Rebecca G; Pauls, Rachel N; Kammerer-Doak, Dorothy; Thakar, Ranee
Introduction and Hypothesis We evaluated the associations between pelvic floor muscle strength and tone with sexual activity and sexual function in women with pelvic floor disorders. Methods This was a secondary analysis of a multicenter study of women with pelvic floor disorders from the US and UK performed to validate the Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire, IUGA-Revised (PISQ-IR). Participants were surveyed about whether they were sexually active and completed the PISQ-IR and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) questionnaires to assess sexual function. Physical exams included assessment of pelvic floor strength by the Oxford Grading Scale, and assessment of pelvic floor tone per ICS guidelines. Results The cohort of 585 women was middle aged (mean age 54.9 +/−12.1) with 395 (67.5%) reporting sexual activity. Women with a strong pelvic floor (n=275) were more likely to report sexual activity than women with weak strength (n=280) (75.3 vs. 61.8%, ppelvic floor tone was not associated with sexual activity (68.8 vs. 60.2%, normal vs. hypoactive, p=0.08). After multivariable analysis, a strong pelvic floor remained predictive of sexual activity (OR 1.89, CI 1.18–3.03, ppelvic floor was associated with higher scores on the PISQ-IR domain of condition impact (Parameter Estimate 0.20+/−0.09, P=0.04), and FSFI orgasm domain (PE 0.51+/−0.17, P=0.004). Conclusion A strong pelvic floor is associated with higher rates of sexual activity as well as higher sexual function scores on the condition impact domain of the PISQ-IR and orgasm domain of the FSFI. PMID:25994625
Exotic quantum holonomy and higher-order exceptional points in quantum kicked tops.
Tanaka, Atushi; Kim, Sang Wook; Cheon, Taksu
The correspondence between exotic quantum holonomy, which occurs in families of Hermitian cycles, and exceptional points (EPs) for non-Hermitian quantum theory is examined in quantum kicked tops. Under a suitable condition, an explicit expression of the adiabatic parameter dependencies of quasienergies and stationary states, which exhibit anholonomies, is obtained. It is also shown that the quantum kicked tops with the complexified adiabatic parameter have a higher-order EP, which is broken into lower-order EPs with the application of small perturbations. The stability of exotic holonomy against such bifurcation is demonstrated.
Orbital evolution of a test particle around a black hole: Higher-order corrections
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Burko, Lior M.
We study under certain assumptions the orbital evolution of a radiation-damped binary in the extreme mass ratio limit, and the resulting waveforms, to one order beyond what can be obtained using the conservation laws approach. The equations of motion are solved perturbatively in the mass ratio (or the corresponding parameter in the scalar field toy model), using the self-force, for quasicircular orbits around a Schwarzschild black hole. This approach is applied for the scalar model. Higher-order corrections yield a phase shift which, if included, may make gravitational-wave astronomy potentially highly accurate
Higher-order multi-resolution topology optimization using the finite cell method
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Groen, Jeroen Peter; Langelaar, Matthijs; Sigmund, Ole
This article presents a detailed study on the potential and limitations of performing higher-order multi-resolution topology optimization with the finite cell method. To circumvent stiffness overestimation in high-contrast topologies, a length-scale is applied on the solution using filter methods....... The relations between stiffness overestimation, the analysis system, and the applied length-scale are examined, while a high-resolution topology is maintained. The computational cost associated with nested topology optimization is reduced significantly compared with the use of first-order finite elements...
Aerodynamic analysis of helicopter rotors using a higher-order, free-wake method
Choephel, Tenzin
The wake has a strong influence on the aerodynamics of a helicopter rotor, and the accurate prediction of its geometry and the resulting induced velocity field is extremely important for rotorcraft aerodynamic analysis. In this thesis, a new higher-order, free-wake method for rotor aerodynamic analysis is presented. The method uses elements of distributed vorticity to model the lifting surfaces and the associated wake. The use of such higher-order spanwise elements ensures higher resolution compared to traditional filament-based free-wake analysis and does not require explicit vortex core modeling with a user-specified core size. Since the method uses a full-span, singularity-free, relaxed wake, it can resolve the effect of on-blade, partial-span devices. The free-wake method is validated in both hover and forward flight against measured data from well-documented experiments. In hover, the blade spanwise lift coefficients predicted by the free-wake analysis correlate well with the measured data from the classic Caradonna-Tung model rotor experiment. The figure of merit, which is a measure of rotor efficiency, predicted by the present method is compared to that from the experiments conducted by Knight and Hefner, and the correlations are found to be quite good given the level of fidelity of this method, which is based on potential flow theory. Rotor downwash, which is one of the most important considerations in rotor aerodynamic analysis, is predicted very well by the free-wake method when compared to measured data from a full-scale rotor test performed by Boatwright. These correlation studies provide a lot of promise as to the ability of the method in predicting the challenging aerodynamics of a helicopter rotor in hover. Validation studies are also performed to assess the accuracy of the free-wake analysis in predicting downwash distribution in forward flight. Comparison of numerical predictions with experimental data requires the rotor to be trimmed to the
A higher-order numerical framework for stochastic simulation of chemical reaction systems.
Székely, Tamás
BACKGROUND: In this paper, we present a framework for improving the accuracy of fixed-step methods for Monte Carlo simulation of discrete stochastic chemical kinetics. Stochasticity is ubiquitous in many areas of cell biology, for example in gene regulation, biochemical cascades and cell-cell interaction. However most discrete stochastic simulation techniques are slow. We apply Richardson extrapolation to the moments of three fixed-step methods, the Euler, midpoint and θ-trapezoidal τ-leap methods, to demonstrate the power of stochastic extrapolation. The extrapolation framework can increase the order of convergence of any fixed-step discrete stochastic solver and is very easy to implement; the only condition for its use is knowledge of the appropriate terms of the global error expansion of the solver in terms of its stepsize. In practical terms, a higher-order method with a larger stepsize can achieve the same level of accuracy as a lower-order method with a smaller one, potentially reducing the computational time of the system. RESULTS: By obtaining a global error expansion for a general weak first-order method, we prove that extrapolation can increase the weak order of convergence for the moments of the Euler and the midpoint τ-leap methods, from one to two. This is supported by numerical simulations of several chemical systems of biological importance using the Euler, midpoint and θ-trapezoidal τ-leap methods. In almost all cases, extrapolation results in an improvement of accuracy. As in the case of ordinary and stochastic differential equations, extrapolation can be repeated to obtain even higher-order approximations. CONCLUSIONS: Extrapolation is a general framework for increasing the order of accuracy of any fixed-step stochastic solver. This enables the simulation of complicated systems in less time, allowing for more realistic biochemical problems to be solved.
Experimental investigations of higher-order springing and whipping-WILS project
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Hong Sa Young
Full Text Available Springing and whipping are becoming increasingly important considerations in ship design as container ships increase in size. In this study, the springing and whipping characteristics of a large container ship were investigated through a series of systematic model tests in waves. A multi-segmented hull model with a backbone was adopted for measurement of springing and whipping signals. A conversion method for extracting torsion springing and whipping is described in this paper for the case of an open-section backbone. Higher-order springing, higher-mode torsion responses, and the effects of linear and nonlinear springing in irregular waves are highlighted in the discussion.
Beam position diagnostics with higher order modes in third harmonic superconducting accelerating cavities
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Zhang, Pei
Higher order modes (HOM) are electromagnetic resonant fields. They can be excited by an electron beam entering an accelerating cavity, and constitute a component of the wakefield. This wakefield has the potential to dilute the beam quality and, in the worst case, result in a beam-break-up instability. It is therefore important to ensure that these fields are well suppressed by extracting energy through special couplers. In addition, the effect of the transverse wakefield can be reduced by aligning the beam on the cavity axis. This is due to their strength depending on the transverse offset of the excitation beam. For suitably small offsets the dominant components of the transverse wakefield are dipole modes, with a linear dependence on the transverse offset of the excitation bunch. This fact enables the transverse beam position inside the cavity to be determined by measuring the dipole modes extracted from the couplers, similar to a cavity beam position monitor (BPM), but requires no additional vacuum instrumentation. At the FLASH facility in DESY, 1.3 GHz (known as TESLA) and 3.9 GHz (third harmonic) cavities are installed. Wakefields in 3.9 GHz cavities are significantly larger than in the 1.3 GHz cavities. It is therefore important to mitigate the adverse effects of HOMs to the beam by aligning the beam on the electric axis of the cavities. This alignment requires an accurate beam position diagnostics inside the 3.9 GHz cavities. It is this aspect that is focused on in this thesis. Although the principle of beam diagnostics with HOM has been demonstrated on 1.3 GHz cavities, the realization in 3.9 GHz cavities is considerably more challenging. This is due to the dense HOM spectrum and the relatively strong coupling of most HOMs amongst the four cavities in the third harmonic cryo-module. A comprehensive series of simulations and HOM spectra measurements have been performed in order to study the modal band structure of the 3.9 GHz cavities. The dependencies of
Beam position diagnostics with higher order modes in third harmonic superconducting accelerating cavities
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Zhang, Pei
Higher order modes (HOM) are electromagnetic resonant fields. They can be excited by an electron beam entering an accelerating cavity, and constitute a component of the wakefield. This wakefield has the potential to dilute the beam quality and, in the worst case, result in a beam-break-up instability. It is therefore important to ensure that these fields are well suppressed by extracting energy through special couplers. In addition, the effect of the transverse wakefield can be reduced by aligning the beam on the cavity axis. This is due to their strength depending on the transverse offset of the excitation beam. For suitably small offsets the dominant components of the transverse wakefield are dipole modes, with a linear dependence on the transverse offset of the excitation bunch. This fact enables the transverse beam position inside the cavity to be determined by measuring the dipole modes extracted from the couplers, similar to a cavity beam position monitor (BPM), but requires no additional vacuum instrumentation. At the FLASH facility in DESY, 1.3 GHz (known as TESLA) and 3.9 GHz (third harmonic) cavities are installed. Wakefields in 3.9 GHz cavities are significantly larger than in the 1.3 GHz cavities. It is therefore important to mitigate the adverse effects of HOMs to the beam by aligning the beam on the electric axis of the cavities. This alignment requires an accurate beam position diagnostics inside the 3.9 GHz cavities. It is this aspect that is focused on in this thesis. Although the principle of beam diagnostics with HOM has been demonstrated on 1.3 GHz cavities, the realization in 3.9 GHz cavities is considerably more challenging. This is due to the dense HOM spectrum and the relatively strong coupling of most HOMs amongst the four cavities in the third harmonic cryo-module. A comprehensive series of simulations and HOM spectra measurements have been performed in order to study the modal band structure of the 3.9 GHz cavities. The dependencies of
Higher-order baryon number susceptibilities: Interplay between the chiral and the nuclear liquid-gas transitions
Mukherjee, A.; Steinheimer, J.; Schramm, S.
We use an improved version of the SU(3) flavor parity-doublet quark-hadron model to investigate the higher-order baryon number susceptibilities near the chiral and the nuclear liquid-gas transitions. The parity-doublet model has been improved by adding higher-order interaction terms of the scalar fields in the effective mean field Lagrangian, resulting in a much-improved description of nuclear ground-state properties, in particular the nuclear compressibility. The resulting phase diagram of the model agrees qualitatively with expectations from lattice QCD, i.e., it shows a crossover at zero net baryochemical potential and a critical point at finite density. Using this model, we investigate the dependence of the higher-order baryon number susceptibilities as a function of temperature and chemical potential. We observe a strong interplay between the chiral and liquid-gas transition at intermediate baryochemical potentials. Due to this interplay between the chiral and the nuclear liquid-gas transitions, the experimentally measured cumulants of the net baryon number may show very different beam energy dependence, subject to the actual freeze-out temperature.
Higher-Order Structure in Bacterial VapBC Toxin-Antitoxin Complexes
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Bendtsen, Kirstine L; Brodersen, Ditlev E
that allow auto-regulation of transcription by direct binding to promoter DNA. In this chapter, we review our current understanding of the structural characteristics of type II toxin-antitoxin complexes in bacterial cells, with a special emphasis on the staggering variety of higher-order architecture...... conditions, type II toxins are inhibited through tight protein-protein interaction with a cognate antitoxin protein. This toxin-antitoxin complex associates into a higher-order macromolecular structure, typically heterotetrameric or heterooctameric, exposing two DNA binding domains on the antitoxin...... observed among members of the VapBC family. This structural variety is a result of poor conservation at the primary sequence level and likely to have significant and functional implications on the way toxin-antitoxin expression is regulated....
Recurrent activity in higher order, modality non-specific brain regions
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Lou, Hans Olav Christensen; Joensson, Morten; Biermann-Ruben, Katja
It has been proposed that the workings of the brain are mainly intrinsically generated recurrent neuronal activity, with sensory inputs as modifiers of such activity in both sensory and higher order modality non-specific regions. This is supported by the demonstration of recurrent neuronal activity...... causal recurrent interaction between higher-order, modality non-specific regions. The network includes anterior cingulate/medial prefrontal and posterior cingulate/medial parietal cortices together with pulvinar thalami, a network known to be effective in autobiographic memory retrieval and self......-awareness. Autobiographic memory retrieval of previous personal judgments of visually presented words was used as stimuli. It is demonstrated that the prestimulus condition is characterized by causal, recurrent oscillations which are maximal in the lower gamma range. When retrieving previous judgments of visually presented...
A Study of Enhanced, Higher Order Boussinesq-Type Equations and Their Numerical Modelling
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Banijamali, Babak
model is designated for the solution of higher-order Boussinesq-type equations, formulated in terms of the horizontal velocity at an arbitrary depth vector. Various discretisation techniques and grid definitions have been considered in this endeavour, undertaking a detailed analysis of the selected......This project has encompassed efforts in two separate veins: on the one hand, the acquiring of highly accurate model equations of the Boussinesq-type, and on the other hand, the theoretical and practical work in implementing such equations in the form of conventional numerical models, with obvious...... potential for applications to the realm of numerical modelling in coastal engineering. The derivation and analysis of several forms of higher-order in dispersion and non-linearity Boussinesq-type equations have been undertaken, obtaining and investigating the properties of a new and generalised class...
Study of Higher Order Modes in Superconducting Accelerating Structures for Linac Applications
Schuh, Marcel; Welsch, C P
Higher Order Modes (HOMs) can severely limit the operation of superconducting cavities in a linear accelerator with high beam current, high duty factor and complex pulse structure. Therefore, the full HOM spectrum has to be analysed in detail to identify potentially dangerous modes already during the design phase and to define their damping requirements. For this purpose a dedicated beam dynamics simulation code, Simulation of higher order Mode Dynamics (SMD), focusing on beam-HOM interaction, has been developed in the frame of this project. SMD allows to analyse the beam behaviour under the presence of HOMs, taking into account many important effects, such as for example the HOM frequency spread, beam input jitter, different chopping patterns, as well as klystron and alignment errors. SMD is used to investigate in detail into the effects of HOMs in the Superconducting Proton Linac (SPL) at CERN and in particular their potential to drive beam instabili- ties in the longitudinal and transverse direction. Based...
John Carroll's Views on Intelligence: Bi-Factor vs. Higher-Order Models
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
A. Alexander Beaujean
Full Text Available The development of factor models is inextricably tied to the history of intelligence research. One of the most commonly-cited scholars in the field is John Carroll, whose three-stratum theory of cognitive ability has been one of the most influential models of cognitive ability in the past 20 years. Nonetheless, there is disagreement about how Carroll conceptualized the factors in his model. Some argue that his model is best represented through a higher-order model, while others argue that a bi-factor model is a better representation. Carroll was explicit about what he perceived the best way to represent his model, but his writings are not always easy to understand. In this article, I clarify his position by first describing the details and implications of bi-factor and higher-order models then show that Carroll's published views are better represented by a bi-factor model.
Higher-order meshing of implicit geometries, Part II: Approximations on manifolds
Fries, T. P.; Schöllhammer, D.
A new concept for the higher-order accurate approximation of partial differential equations on manifolds is proposed where a surface mesh composed by higher-order elements is automatically generated based on level-set data. Thereby, it enables a completely automatic workflow from the geometric description to the numerical analysis without any user-intervention. A master level-set function defines the shape of the manifold through its zero-isosurface which is then restricted to a finite domain by additional level-set functions. It is ensured that the surface elements are sufficiently continuous and shape regular which is achieved by manipulating the background mesh. The numerical results show that optimal convergence rates are obtained with a moderate increase in the condition number compared to handcrafted surface meshes.
Quantifying the impact of scholarly papers based on higher-order weighted citations
Bai, Xiaomei; Zhang, Fuli; Hou, Jie; Kong, Xiangjie; Tolba, Amr; Xia, Feng
Quantifying the impact of a scholarly paper is of great significance, yet the effect of geographical distance of cited papers has not been explored. In this paper, we examine 30,596 papers published in Physical Review C, and identify the relationship between citations and geographical distances between author affiliations. Subsequently, a relative citation weight is applied to assess the impact of a scholarly paper. A higher-order weighted quantum PageRank algorithm is also developed to address the behavior of multiple step citation flow. Capturing the citation dynamics with higher-order dependencies reveals the actual impact of papers, including necessary self-citations that are sometimes excluded in prior studies. Quantum PageRank is utilized in this paper to help differentiating nodes whose PageRank values are identical. PMID:29596426
Robust rooftop extraction from visible band images using higher order CRF
Li, Er
In this paper, we propose a robust framework for building extraction in visible band images. We first get an initial classification of the pixels based on an unsupervised presegmentation. Then, we develop a novel conditional random field (CRF) formulation to achieve accurate rooftops extraction, which incorporates pixel-level information and segment-level information for the identification of rooftops. Comparing with the commonly used CRF model, a higher order potential defined on segment is added in our model, by exploiting region consistency and shape feature at segment level. Our experiments show that the proposed higher order CRF model outperforms the state-of-the-art methods both at pixel and object levels on rooftops with complex structures and sizes in challenging environments. © 1980-2012 IEEE.
Quantifying the impact of scholarly papers based on higher-order weighted citations.
Bai, Xiaomei; Zhang, Fuli; Hou, Jie; Lee, Ivan; Kong, Xiangjie; Tolba, Amr; Xia, Feng
Quantifying the impact of a scholarly paper is of great significance, yet the effect of geographical distance of cited papers has not been explored. In this paper, we examine 30,596 papers published in Physical Review C, and identify the relationship between citations and geographical distances between author affiliations. Subsequently, a relative citation weight is applied to assess the impact of a scholarly paper. A higher-order weighted quantum PageRank algorithm is also developed to address the behavior of multiple step citation flow. Capturing the citation dynamics with higher-order dependencies reveals the actual impact of papers, including necessary self-citations that are sometimes excluded in prior studies. Quantum PageRank is utilized in this paper to help differentiating nodes whose PageRank values are identical.
Correlating Fourier phase information with real-space higher order statistics in CMB data
Modest, H. I.; Räth, C.; Banday, A. J.; Górski, K. M.; Morfill, G. E.
We present a heuristic study on the correlations between harmonic space phase information and higher-order statistics. Using the spherical full-sky maps of the cosmic microwave background as an example, we demonstrate that known phase correlations at large spatial scales can gradually be diminished when subtracting a suitable best-fit (Bianchi-)template map of a given strength. The weaker phase correlations are attended by a vanishing signature of anisotropy when measuring the Minkowski functionals and scaling indices in real space with the aid of surrogate maps being free of phase correlations. Those investigations can open a new road to a better understanding of signatures of non-Gaussianities in complex spatial structures, especially by elucidating the meaning of Fourier phase correlations and their influence on higher-order statistics.
A finite deformation theory of higher-order gradient crystal plasticity
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Kuroda, Mitsutoshi; Tvergaard, Viggo
For higher-order gradient crystal plasticity, a finite deformation formulation is presented. The theory does not deviate much from the conventional crystal plasticity theory. Only a back stress effect and additional differential equations for evolution of the geometrically necessary dislocation...... (GND) densities supplement the conventional theory within a non-work-conjugate framework in which there is no need to introduce higher-order microscopic stresses that would be work-conjugate to slip rate gradients. We discuss its connection to a work-conjugate type of finite deformation gradient...... for the small deformation theory. As in a previous formulation for small deformation, the present formulation applies to the context of multiple and three-dimensional slip deformations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved....
A Hybrid PO - Higher-Order Hierarchical MoM Formulation using Curvilinear Geometry Modeling
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Jørgensen, E.; Meincke, Peter; Breinbjerg, Olav
which implies a very modest memory requirement. Nevertheless, the hierarchical feature of the basis functions maintains the ability to treat small geometrical details efficiently. In addition, the scatterer is modelled with higher-order curved patches which allows accurate modelling of curved surfaces......A very efficient hybrid PO-MoM method has been presented. In contrast to existing methods, the present solution employs higher-order hierarchical basis functions to discretize the MoM and PO currents. This allows to reduce the number of basis functions in both the PO and MoM regions considerably...... with a low number of patches. A numerical result for an offset shaped reflector antenna illustrated the accuracy of the method....
An initial framework for the language of higher-order thinking mathematics practices
Staples, Megan E.; Truxaw, Mary P.
This article presents an examination of the language demands of cognitively demanding tasks and proposes an initial framework for the language demands of higher-order mathematics thinking practices. We articulate four categories for this framework: language of generalisation, language of comparison, language of proportional reasoning, and language of analysing impact. These categories were developed out of our collaborative work to design and implement higher-order thinking tasks with a group of Grade 9 (14- and 15-year-olds) teachers teaching in a linguistically diverse setting; analyses of student work samples on these tasks; and our knowledge of the literature. We describe each type of language demand and then analyse student work in each category to reveal linguistic challenges facing students as they engage these mathematical tasks. Implications for teaching and professional development are discussed.
Higher order WKB corrections to black hole entropy in brick wall formalism
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Kim, Wontae [Sogang University, Center for Quantum Spacetime (CQUeST), Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Sogang University, Department of Physics, Seoul (Korea, Republic of); Kulkarni, Shailesh [Sogang University, Center for Quantum Spacetime (CQUeST), Seoul (Korea, Republic of)
We calculate the statistical entropy of a quantum field with an arbitrary spin propagating on the spherical symmetric black hole background by using the brick wall formalism at higher orders in the WKB approximation. For general spins, we find that the correction to the standard Bekenstein-Hawking entropy depends logarithmically on the area of the horizon. Furthermore, we apply this analysis to the Schwarzschild and Schwarzschild-AdS(dS) black holes and discuss our results. (orig.)
Analytical Treatment of Higher-Order Graphs: A Path Ordinal Method for Solving Graphs
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Hala Kamal
Full Text Available Analytical treatment of the composition of higher-order graphs representing linear relations between variables is developed. A path formalism to deal with problems in graph theory is introduced. It is shown how paths in the composed graph representing individual contributions to variables relation can be enumerated and represented by ordinals. The method allows for one to extract partial information and gives an alternative to classical graph approach.
Calculation of Moment Matrix Elements for Bilinear Quadrilaterals and Higher-Order Basis Functions
20670- 1547 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S ACRONYM(S) NISE 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR'S REPORT NUMBER(S): N/A 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved...Scattering by surfaces of ar- bitrary shape", IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. AP-30, No. 3, pp. 409-418, 1982. 3. B. M. Notaroš, "Higher Order...Frequency-Domain Computational Electromagnetics", invited review paper, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., Vol. 56, No. 8, pp. 2251 - 2276, 2008. 4
Quantum key distribution with higher-order alphabets using spatially-encoded qudits
Walborn, S. P.; Lemelle, D. S.; Almeida, M. P.; Ribeiro, P. H. Souto
We propose and demonstrate a quantum key distribution scheme in higher-order $d$-dimensional alphabets using spatial degrees of freedom of photons. Our implementation allows for the transmission of 4.56 bits per sifted photon, while providing improved security: an intercept-resend attack on all photons would induce an error rate of 0.47. Using our system, it should be possible to send more than a byte of information per sifted photon.
Topology optimized design of a transverse electric higher order mode converter
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Frellsen, Louise Floor; Ding, Yunhong; Sigmund, Ole
present the possibility of employing topology optimization (TO) to design a device that allows for reversible conversion between the transverse electric fundamental even (TE0) mode and the second higher order odd mode (TE2). Topology optimization is an iterative inverse design process, where repeated......]. The design is made for fabrication in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and previous work has shown excellent concordance between simulations and experimental results when employing 3D TO [6]....
Discrete Maximum Principle for Higher-Order Finite Elements in 1D
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Vejchodský, Tomáš; Šolín, Pavel
Roč. 76, č. 260 (2007), s. 1833-1846 ISSN 0025-5718 R&D Projects: GA ČR GP201/04/P021 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10190503; CEZ:AV0Z20760514 Keywords : discrete maximum principle * discrete Grren´s function * higher-order elements Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 1.230, year: 2007
Exotic quantum holonomy and higher-order exceptional points in quantum kicked tops
Tanaka, Atushi; Kim, Sang Wook; Cheon, Taksu
The correspondence between exotic quantum holonomy that occurs in families of Hermitian cycles, and exceptional points (EPs) for non-Hermitian quantum theory is examined in quantum kicked tops. Under a suitable condition, an explicit expressions of the adiabatic parameter dependencies of quasienergies and stationary states, which exhibit anholonomies, are obtained. It is also shown that the quantum kicked tops with the complexified adiabatic parameter have a higher order EP, which is broken i...
On the mild solutions of higher-order differential equations in Banach spaces
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Nguyen Thanh Lan
Full Text Available For the higher-order abstract differential equation u(n(t=Au(t+f(t, t∈ℝ, we give a new definition of mild solutions. We then characterize the regular admissibility of a translation-invariant subspace ℳ of BUC(ℝ,E with respect to the above-mentioned equation in terms of solvability of the operator equation AX−Xn=C. As applications, periodicity and almost periodicity of mild solutions are also proved.
Existence results for higher order fractional differential inclusions with multi-strip fractional integral boundary conditions
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Bashir Ahmad
Full Text Available This paper investigates the existence of solutions for higher order fractional differential inclusions with fractional integral boundary conditions involving nonintersecting finite many strips of arbitrary length. Our study includes the cases when the right-hand side of the inclusion has convex as well non-convex values. Some standard fixed point theorems for multivalued maps are applied to establish the main results. An illustrative example is also presented.
Combined solitary-wave solution for coupled higher-order nonlinear Schroedinger equations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tian Jinping; Tian Huiping; Li Zhonghao; Zhou Guosheng
Coupled nonlinear Schroedinger equations model several interesting physical phenomena. We used a trigonometric function transform method based on a homogeneous balance to solve the coupled higher-order nonlinear Schroedinger equations. We obtained four pairs of exact solitary-wave solutions including a dark and a bright-soliton pair, a bright- and a dark-soliton pair, a bright- and a bright-soliton pair, and the last pair, a combined bright-dark-soliton pair
Transition, coexistence, and interaction of vector localized waves arising from higher-order effects
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Liu, Chong [School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069 (China); Yang, Zhan-Ying, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069 (China); Zhao, Li-Chen, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069 (China); Yang, Wen-Li [Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069 (China)
We study vector localized waves on continuous wave background with higher-order effects in a two-mode optical fiber. The striking properties of transition, coexistence, and interaction of these localized waves arising from higher-order effects are revealed in combination with corresponding modulation instability (MI) characteristics. It shows that these vector localized wave properties have no analogues in the case without higher-order effects. Specifically, compared to the scalar case, an intriguing transition between bright–dark rogue waves and w-shaped–anti-w-shaped solitons, which occurs as a result of the attenuation of MI growth rate to vanishing in the zero-frequency perturbation region, is exhibited with the relative background frequency. In particular, our results show that the w-shaped–anti-w-shaped solitons can coexist with breathers, coinciding with the MI analysis where the coexistence condition is a mixture of a modulation stability and MI region. It is interesting that their interaction is inelastic and describes a fusion process. In addition, we demonstrate an annihilation phenomenon for the interaction of two w-shaped solitons which is identified essentially as an inelastic collision in this system. -- Highlights: •Vector rogue wave properties induced by higher-order effects are studied. •A transition between vector rogue waves and solitons is obtained. •The link between the transition and modulation instability (MI) is demonstrated. •The coexistence of vector solitons and breathers coincides with the MI features. •An annihilation phenomenon for the vector two w-shaped solitons is presented.
Periodic solution and stationary distribution of stochastic SIR epidemic models with higher order perturbation
Liu, Qun; Jiang, Daqing; Hayat, Tasawar; Ahmad, Bashir
In this paper, we investigate two stochastic SIR epidemic models with higher order perturbation. For the nonautonomous periodic case of the model, by using Has'minskii's theory of periodic solution, we show that the system has at least one nontrivial positive T-periodic solution. For the system disturbed by both the white noise and telephone noise, we establish sufficient conditions for positive recurrence and the existence of ergodic stationary distribution of the positive solution.
Hierarchic higher-order hermite elements on hybrid triangular/quadrilateral meshes
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Šolín, P.; Segeth, Karel
Roč. 76, - (2007), s. 198-204 ISSN 0378-4754. [IMACS Conference on Mathematical Modelling and Computational Methods in Applied Sciences and Engineering Modelling 2005/3./. Plzeň, 04.07.2005-08.07.2005] R&D Projects: GA ČR GA201/04/1503 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10190503 Keywords : Hermite element * higher-order * hp-FEM Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.738, year: 2007
Conical emission from laser filaments and higher-order Kerr effect in air.
Béjot, P; Kasparian, J
We numerically investigate the conical emission (CE) from ultrashort laser filaments, both considering and disregarding the higher-order Kerr effect (HOKE). While the consideration of HOKE has almost no influence on the predicted CE from collimated beams, differences arise for tightly focused beams. This difference is attributed to the different relative contributions of the nonlinear focus and of the modulational instability over the whole filament length.
Multicriteria Decision Making Method Based on the Higher Order Hesitant Fuzzy Soft Set.
Farhadinia, B
The main goal of this contribution is to introduce the concept of higher order hesitant fuzzy soft set as an extension of fuzzy soft set that encompasses most of the existing extensions of fuzzy soft set as special cases. Furthermore, this new concept provides us with a method for dealing with multicriteria fuzzy decision making problems which are difficult to explain in other existing extensions of fuzzy soft set theory, especially when problems involve parameters with different-dimensional levels.
Higher-order finite element modeling of rotational induction heating of nonferromagnetic cylindrical billets
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Karban, P.; Mach, F.; Doležel, Ivo; Barglik, J.
Roč. 30, č. 5 (2011), s. 1517-1527 ISSN 0332-1649 Grant - others:GA ČR(CZ) GAP102/10/0216 Program:GA Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z20570509 Keywords : rotational induction heating * permanent magnets * fully adaptive higher-order finite element method Subject RIV: JA - Electronics ; Optoelectronics, Electrical Engineering Impact factor: 0.301, year: 2011 http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1957338&show=abstract
A design study for the addition of higher order parametric discrete elements to NASTRAN
Stanton, E. L.
The addition of discrete elements to NASTRAN poses significant interface problems with the level 15.1 assembly modules and geometry modules. Potential problems in designing new modules for higher-order parametric discrete elements are reviewed in both areas. An assembly procedure is suggested that separates grid point degrees of freedom on the basis of admissibility. New geometric input data are described that facilitate the definition of surfaces in parametric space.
Optimizing of the higher order mode dampers in the 56MHz SRF cavity
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Wu, Q.; Ben-Zvi, I.
Earlier, we reported that a 56 MHz cavity was designed for a luminosity upgrade of the RHIC, and presented the requirements for Higher Order Mode (HOM) damping, the design of the HOM dampers, along with measurements and simulations of the HOM dampers. In this report, we describe our optimization of the dampers performance, and the modifications we made to their original design. We also optimized the number of the HOM dampers, and tested different configurations of locations for them.
SHARP: A Spatially Higher-order, Relativistic Particle-in-cell Code
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Shalaby, Mohamad; Broderick, Avery E. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1 (Canada); Chang, Philip [Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 1900 E. Kenwood Boulevard, Milwaukee, WI 53211 (United States); Pfrommer, Christoph [Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), An der Sternwarte 16, D-14482 Potsdam (Germany); Lamberts, Astrid [Theoretical Astrophysics, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Puchwein, Ewald, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Institute of Astronomy and Kavli Institute for Cosmology, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA (United Kingdom)
Numerical heating in particle-in-cell (PIC) codes currently precludes the accurate simulation of cold, relativistic plasma over long periods, severely limiting their applications in astrophysical environments. We present a spatially higher-order accurate relativistic PIC algorithm in one spatial dimension, which conserves charge and momentum exactly. We utilize the smoothness implied by the usage of higher-order interpolation functions to achieve a spatially higher-order accurate algorithm (up to the fifth order). We validate our algorithm against several test problems—thermal stability of stationary plasma, stability of linear plasma waves, and two-stream instability in the relativistic and non-relativistic regimes. Comparing our simulations to exact solutions of the dispersion relations, we demonstrate that SHARP can quantitatively reproduce important kinetic features of the linear regime. Our simulations have a superior ability to control energy non-conservation and avoid numerical heating in comparison to common second-order schemes. We provide a natural definition for convergence of a general PIC algorithm: the complement of physical modes captured by the simulation, i.e., those that lie above the Poisson noise, must grow commensurately with the resolution. This implies that it is necessary to simultaneously increase the number of particles per cell and decrease the cell size. We demonstrate that traditional ways for testing for convergence fail, leading to plateauing of the energy error. This new PIC code enables us to faithfully study the long-term evolution of plasma problems that require absolute control of the energy and momentum conservation.
Strategy-effects in prefrontal cortex during learning of higher-order S-R rules.
Wolfensteller, Uta; von Cramon, D Yves
All of us regularly face situations that require the integration of the available information at hand with the established rules that guide behavior in order to generate the most appropriate action. But where individuals differ from one another is most certainly in terms of the different strategies that are adopted during this process. A previous study revealed differential brain activation patterns for the implementation of well established higher-order stimulus-response (S-R) rules depending on inter-individual strategy differences (Wolfensteller and von Cramon, 2010). This raises the question of how these strategies evolve or which neurocognitive mechanisms underlie these inter-individual strategy differences. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), the present study revealed striking strategy-effects across regions of the lateral prefrontal cortex during the implementation of higher-order S-R rules at an early stage of learning. The left rostrolateral prefrontal cortex displayed a quantitative strategy-effect, such that activation during rule integration based on a mismatch was related to the degree to which participants continued to rely on rule integration. A quantitative strategy ceiling effect was observed for the left inferior frontal junction area. Conversely, the right inferior frontal gyrus displayed a qualitative strategy-effect such that participants who at a later point relied on an item-based strategy showed stronger activations in this region compared to those who continued with the rule integration strategy. Together, the present findings suggest that a certain amount of rule integration is mandatory when participants start to learn higher-order rules. The more efficient item-based strategy that evolves later appears to initially require the recruitment of additional cognitive resources in order to shield the currently relevant S-R association from interfering information. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Time-discrete higher order ALE formulations: a priori error analysis
Bonito, Andrea
We derive optimal a priori error estimates for discontinuous Galerkin (dG) time discrete schemes of any order applied to an advection-diffusion model defined on moving domains and written in the Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) framework. Our estimates hold without any restrictions on the time steps for dG with exact integration or Reynolds\\' quadrature. They involve a mild restriction on the time steps for the practical Runge-Kutta-Radau methods of any order. The key ingredients are the stability results shown earlier in Bonito et al. (Time-discrete higher order ALE formulations: stability, 2013) along with a novel ALE projection. Numerical experiments illustrate and complement our theoretical results. © 2013 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions for Coupled Systems of Higher-Order Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations
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Ahmad Bashir
Full Text Available We study an initial value problem for a coupled Caputo type nonlinear fractional differential system of higher order. As a first problem, the nonhomogeneous terms in the coupled fractional differential system depend on the fractional derivatives of lower orders only. Then the nonhomogeneous terms in the fractional differential system are allowed to depend on the unknown functions together with the fractional derivative of lower orders. Our method of analysis is based on the reduction of the given system to an equivalent system of integral equations. Applying the nonlinear alternative of Leray-Schauder, we prove the existence of solutions of the fractional differential system. The uniqueness of solutions of the fractional differential system is established by using the Banach contraction principle. An illustrative example is also presented.
Comparison of coaxial higher order mode couplers for the CERN Superconducting Proton Linac study
AUTHOR|(CDS)2085329; Gerigk, Frank; Van Rienen, Ursula
Higher order modes (HOMs) may affect beam stability and refrigeration requirements of superconducting proton linacs such as the Superconducting Proton Linac, which is studied at CERN. Under certain conditions beam-induced HOMs can accumulate sufficient energy to destabilize the beam or quench the superconducting cavities. In order to limit these effects, CERN considers the use of coaxial HOM couplers on the cutoff tubes of the 5-cell superconducting cavities. These couplers consist of resonant antennas shaped as loops or probes, which are designed to couple to potentially dangerous modes while sufficiently rejecting the fundamental mode. In this paper, the design process is presented and a comparison is made between various designs for the high-beta SPL cavities, which operate at 704.4 MHz. The rf and thermal behavior as well as mechanical aspects are discussed. In order to verify the designs, a rapid prototype for the favored coupler was fabricated and characterized on a low-power test-stand.
Higher-order social cognition in first-episode major depression.
Ladegaard, Nicolai; Larsen, Erik Roj; Videbech, Poul; Lysaker, Paul H
Patients suffering from major depression experience difficulties in multiple cognitive faculties. A growing body of research has linked affective disorders to abnormalities in social cognition and specifically the processing of discrete emotional stimuli. However, little inquiry has gone into possible impairment in higher-order social cognition including theory of mind, social perception and metacognition. Forty-four medication-naïve patients with first-episode unipolar major depressive disorder and an equal number of matched controls were assessed by the Metacognitive Assessment Scale-Abbreviated (MAS-A), The Frith-Happé animations (FHA) and The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT). Additionally, neurocognition was assessed utilyzing the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Depressed patients showed impairment in all domains of higher-order social cognitive ability. Importantly, social cognitive variables retained their inter-group significance after controlling for possible covariates including neurocognition. Results indicate that first-episode depressed patients experience difficulties in all domains of higher-order social cognition including theory of mind, social perception and metacognition. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Quantum Noether identities for non-local transformations in higher-order derivatives theories
Li, Z P
Based on the phase-space generating functional of the Green function for a system with a regular/singular higher-order Lagrangian, the quantum canonical Noether identities (NIs) under a local and non-local transformation in phase space have been deduced, respectively. For a singular higher-order Lagrangian, one must use an effective canonical action I sub e sub f sub f sup P in quantum canonical NIs instead of the classical I sup P in classical canonical NIs. The quantum NIs under a local and non-local transformation in configuration space for a gauge-invariant system with a higher-order Lagrangian have also been derived. The above results hold true whether or not the Jacobian of the transformation is equal to unity or not. It has been pointed out that in certain cases the quantum NIs may be converted to conservation laws at the quantum level. This algorithm to derive the quantum conservation laws is significantly different from the quantum first Noether theorem. The applications of our formulation to the Yan...
Compositional modeling of three-phase flow with gravity using higher-order finite element methods
Moortgat, Joachim
A wide range of applications in subsurface flow involve water, a nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) or oil, and a gas phase, such as air or CO2. The numerical simulation of such processes is computationally challenging and requires accurate compositional modeling of three-phase flow in porous media. In this work, we simulate for the first time three-phase compositional flow using higher-order finite element methods. Gravity poses complications in modeling multiphase processes because it drives countercurrent flow among phases. To resolve this issue, we propose a new method for the upwinding of three-phase mobilities. Numerical examples, related to enhanced oil recovery and carbon sequestration, are presented to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed algorithm. We pay special attention to challenges associated with gravitational instabilities and take into account compressibility and various phase behavior effects, including swelling, viscosity changes, and vaporization. We find that the proposed higher-order method can capture sharp solution discontinuities, yielding accurate predictions of phase boundaries arising in computational three-phase flow. This work sets the stage for a broad extension of the higher-order methods for numerical simulation of three-phase flow for complex geometries and processes.
High temperature sensing using higher-order-mode rejected sapphire-crystal fiber gratings
Zhan, Chun; Kim, Jae Hun; Lee, Jon; Yin, Stuart; Ruffin, Paul; Luo, Claire
In this paper, we report the fabrication of higher-order-mode rejected fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) in sapphire crystal fiber using infrared (IR) femtosecond laser illumination. The grating is tested in high temperature furnace up to 1600 degree Celsius. As sapphire fiber is only available as highly multimode fiber, a scheme to filter out higher order modes in favor for the fundamental mode is theoretically evaluated and experimentally demonstrated. The approach is to use an ultra thin sapphire crystal fiber (60 micron in diameter) to decrease the number of modes. The small diameter fiber also enables bending the fiber to certain radius which is carefully chosen to provide low loss for the fundamental mode LP01 and high loss for the other high-order modes. After bending, less-than-2-nm resonant peak bandwidth is achieved. The grating spectrum is improved, and higher resolution sensing measurement can be achieved. This mode filtering method is very easy to implement. Furthermore, the sapphire fiber is sealed with hi-purity alumina ceramic cement inside a flexible high temperature titanium tube, and the highly flexible titanium tube offers a robust packaging to sapphire fiber. Our high temperature sapphire grating sensor is very promising in extremely high temperature sensing application.
Educating Grade 6 students for higher-order thinking and its influence on creativity
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Wajeeh Daher
Full Text Available Educating students for higher-order thinking provides them with tools that turn them into more critical thinkers. This supports them in overcoming life problems that they encounter, as well as becoming an integral part of the society. This students' education is attended to by educational organisations that emphasise the positive consequences of educating students for higher-order thinking, including creative thinking. One way to do that is through educational programmes that educate for higher-order thinking. One such programme is the Cognitive Research Trust (CoRT thinking programme. The present research intended to examine the effect of the participation of Grade 6 students in a CoRT programme on their creative thinking. Fifty-three students participated in the research; 27 participated in a CoRT programme, while 26 did not participate in such programme. The ANCOVA test showed that the students who participated in the CoRT programme outperformed significantly, in creative thinking, the students who did not. Moreover, the students in the CoRT programme whose achievement scores were between 86 and 100 outperformed significantly the other achievement groups of students. Furthermore, students with reported high ability outperformed significantly the other ability groups of students. The results did not show statistically significant differences in students' creativity attributed to gender.
Superregular breathers, characteristics of nonlinear stage of modulation instability induced by higher-order effects
Zhang, Jian-Hui; Liu, Chong
We study the higher-order generalized nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation describing the propagation of ultrashort optical pulse in optical fibres. By using Darboux transformation, we derive the superregular breather solution that develops from a small localized perturbation. This type of solution can be used to characterize the nonlinear stage of the modulation instability (MI) of the condensate. In particular, we show some novel characteristics of the nonlinear stage of MI arising from higher-order effects: (i) coexistence of a quasi-Akhmediev breather and a multipeak soliton; (ii) two multipeak solitons propagation in opposite directions; (iii) a beating pattern followed by two multipeak solitons in the same direction. It is found that these patterns generated from a small localized perturbation do not have the analogues in the standard NLS equation. Our results enrich Zakharov's theory of superregular breathers and could provide helpful insight on the nonlinear stage of MI in presence of the higher-order effects. PMID:28413335
Resonator stability and higher-order modes in free-electron laser oscillators
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Abhishek Pathak
Full Text Available Three-dimensional simulation codes genesis and opc are used to investigate the dependence of the resonator stability of free-electron laser (FEL oscillators on the stability parameter, laser wavelength, outcoupling hole size and mirror tilt. We find that to have stable lasing over a wide range of wavelengths, the FEL cavity configuration should be carefully chosen. Broadly, the concentric configuration gives near-Gaussian modes and the best performance. At intermediate configurations the dominant mode often switches to a higher-order mode, which kills lasing. For the same reason, the outcoupled power can also be less. We have constructed a simple analytic model to study resonator stability which gives results that are in excellent agreement with the simulations. This suggests that modes in FEL oscillators are determined more by the cavity configuration and radiation propagation than by the details of the FEL interaction. We find (as in experiments at the CLIO FEL that tilting the mirror can, for some configurations, lead to more outcoupled power than a perfectly aligned mirror because the mode is now a more compact higher-order mode, which may have implications for the mode quality for user experiments. Finally, we show that the higher-order mode obtained is usually a single Gauss-Laguerre mode, and therefore it should be possible to filter out the mode using suitable intracavity elements, leading to better FEL performance.
Transverse vibrations of shear-deformable beams using a general higher order theory
Kosmatka, J. B.
A general higher order theory is developed to study the static and vibrational behavior of beam structures having an arbitrary cross section that utilizes both out-of-plane shear-dependent warping and in-plane (anticlastic) deformations. The equations of motion are derived via Hamilton's principle, where the full 3D constitutive relations are used. A simplified version of the general higher-order theory is also presented for beams having an arbitrary cross section that includes out-of-plane shear deformation but assumes that stresses within the cross section and in-plane deformations are negligible. This simplified model, which is accurate for long to moderately short wavelengths, offers substantial improvements over existing higher order theories that are limited to beams with thin rectangular cross sections. The current approach will be very useful in the study of thin-wall closed-cell beams such as airfoil-type sections where the magnitude of shear-related cross-sectional warping is significant.
Security Analysis of 7-Round MISTY1 against Higher Order Differential Attacks
Tsunoo, Yukiyasu; Saito, Teruo; Shigeri, Maki; Kawabata, Takeshi
MISTY1 is a 64-bit block cipher that has provable security against differential and linear cryptanalysis. MISTY1 is one of the algorithms selected in the European NESSIE project, and it has been recommended for Japanese e-Government ciphers by the CRYPTREC project. This paper shows that higher order differential attacks can be successful against 7-round versions of MISTY1 with FL functions. The attack on 7-round MISTY1 can recover a partial subkey with a data complexity of 254.1 and a computational complexity of 2120.8, which signifies the first successful attack on 7-round MISTY1 with no limitation such as a weak key. This paper also evaluates the complexity of this higher order differential attack on MISTY1 in which the key schedule is replaced by a pseudorandom function. It is shown that resistance to the higher order differential attack is not substantially improved even in 7-round MISTY1 in which the key schedule is replaced by a pseudorandom function.
Purposely Teaching for the Promotion of Higher-order Thinking Skills: A Case of Critical Thinking
Miri, Barak; David, Ben-Chaim; Uri, Zoller
This longitudinal case-study aimed at examining whether purposely teaching for the promotion of higher order thinking skills enhances students' critical thinking (CT), within the framework of science education. Within a pre-, post-, and post-post experimental design, high school students, were divided into three research groups. The experimental group ( n = 57) consisted of science students who were exposed to teaching strategies designed for enhancing higher order thinking skills. Two other groups: science ( n = 41) and non-science majors ( n = 79), were taught traditionally, and acted as control. By using critical thinking assessment instruments, we have found that the experimental group showed a statistically significant improvement on critical thinking skills components and disposition towards critical thinking subscales, such as truth-seeking, open-mindedness, self-confidence, and maturity, compared with the control groups. Our findings suggest that if teachers purposely and persistently practice higher order thinking strategies for example, dealing in class with real-world problems, encouraging open-ended class discussions, and fostering inquiry-oriented experiments, there is a good chance for a consequent development of critical thinking capabilities.
Higher-order time integration schemes for the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured meshes
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Jothiprasad, Giridhar; Mavriplis, Dimitri J.; Caughey, David A.
The efficiency gains obtained using higher-order implicit Runge-Kutta (RK) schemes as compared with the second-order accurate backward difference schemes for the unsteady Navier-Stokes equations are investigated. Three different algorithms for solving the nonlinear system of equations arising at each time step are presented. The first algorithm (nonlinear multigrid, NMG) is a pseudo-time-stepping scheme which employs a nonlinear full approximation storage (FAS) agglomeration multigrid method to accelerate convergence. The other two algorithms are based on inexact Newton's methods. The linear system arising at each Newton step is solved using iterative/Krylov techniques and left preconditioning is used to accelerate convergence of the linear solvers. One of the methods (LMG) uses Richardson's iterative scheme for solving the linear system at each Newton step while the other (PGMRES) uses the generalized minimal residual method. Results demonstrating the relative superiority of these Newton's method based schemes are presented. Efficiency gains as high as 10 are obtained by combining the higher-order time integration schemes such as fourth-order Runge-Kutta (RK64) with the more efficient inexact Newton's method based schemes (LMG)
Predicting early academic achievement: The role of higher-versus lower-order personality traits
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Zupančič Maja
Full Text Available The study explored the role of children's (N = 193 individual differences and parental characteristics at the beginning of the first year of schooling in predicting students' attainment of academic standards at the end of the year. Special attention was paid to children's personality as perceived by the teachers' assistants. Along with parents' education, parenting practices and first-graders' cognitive ability, the incremental predictive power of children's higher-order (robust personality traits was compared to the contribution of lower-order (specific traits in explaining academic achievement. The specific traits provided a somewhat more accurate prediction than the robust traits. Unique contributions of maternal authoritative parenting, children's cognitive ability, and personality to academic achievement were established. The ratings of first-graders' conscientiousness (a higher-order trait improved the prediction of academic achievement based on parenting and cognitive ability by 12%, whereas assistant teacher's perceived children's intelligence and low antagonism (lower-order traits improved the prediction by 17%.
A higher order space-time Galerkin scheme for time domain integral equations
Pray, Andrew J.
Stability of time domain integral equation (TDIE) solvers has remained an elusive goal formany years. Advancement of this research has largely progressed on four fronts: 1) Exact integration, 2) Lubich quadrature, 3) smooth temporal basis functions, and 4) space-time separation of convolutions with the retarded potential. The latter method\\'s efficacy in stabilizing solutions to the time domain electric field integral equation (TD-EFIE) was previously reported for first-order surface descriptions (flat elements) and zeroth-order functions as the temporal basis. In this work, we develop the methodology necessary to extend the scheme to higher order surface descriptions as well as to enable its use with higher order basis functions in both space and time. These basis functions are then used in a space-time Galerkin framework. A number of results are presented that demonstrate convergence in time. The viability of the space-time separation method in producing stable results is demonstrated experimentally for these examples.
Influence of squeeze film damping on the higher-order modes of clamped–clamped microbeams
Alcheikh, Nouha
This paper presents an experimental study and a finite-element analysis of the effect of squeeze film damping on the resonance frequency and quality factor of the higher-order flexure vibrations modes of clamped-clamped microbeams. Viscoelastic and silicon nitride microbeams are fabricated and are electrostatically actuated by various electrode configurations to trigger the first, second, and third modes. The damping characteristic and the resonance frequency of these modes are examined for a wide range of gas pressure and electrostatic voltage loads. The results of the silicon nitride beams and viscoelastic beams are compared. It is found that the intrinsic material loss is the major dissipation mechanism at low pressure for the viscoelastic microbeams, significantly limiting their quality factor. It is also found that while the silicon nitride beams show higher quality factors at the intrinsic and molecular regimes of pressure, due to their low intrinsic loss, their quality factors near atmospheric pressure are lower than those of the viscoelastic microbeams. Further, the higher-order modes of all the beams show much higher quality factors at atmospheric pressure compared to the first mode, which could be promising for operating such resonators in air. Experimental results and finite element model simulations show good agreement for resonance frequency and quality factor for the three studied modes. © 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Influence of squeeze film damping on the higher-order modes of clamped–clamped microbeams
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Alcheikh, N; Kosuru, L; Jaber, N; Bellaredj, M; Younis, M I
This paper presents an experimental study and a finite-element analysis of the effect of squeeze film damping on the resonance frequency and quality factor of the higher-order flexure vibrations modes of clamped–clamped microbeams. Viscoelastic and silicon nitride microbeams are fabricated and are electrostatically actuated by various electrode configurations to trigger the first, second, and third modes. The damping characteristic and the resonance frequency of these modes are examined for a wide range of gas pressure and electrostatic voltage loads. The results of the silicon nitride beams and viscoelastic beams are compared. It is found that the intrinsic material loss is the major dissipation mechanism at low pressure for the viscoelastic microbeams, significantly limiting their quality factor. It is also found that while the silicon nitride beams show higher quality factors at the intrinsic and molecular regimes of pressure, due to their low intrinsic loss, their quality factors near atmospheric pressure are lower than those of the viscoelastic microbeams. Further, the higher-order modes of all the beams show much higher quality factors at atmospheric pressure compared to the first mode, which could be promising for operating such resonators in air. Experimental results and finite element model simulations show good agreement for resonance frequency and quality factor for the three studied modes. (paper)
Verification of a Higher-Order Finite Difference Scheme for the One-Dimensional Two-Fluid Model
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William D. Fullmer
Full Text Available The one-dimensional two-fluid model is widely acknowledged as the most detailed and accurate macroscopic formulation model of the thermo-fluid dynamics in nuclear reactor safety analysis. Currently the prevailing one-dimensional thermal hydraulics codes are only first-order accurate. The benefit of first-order schemes is numerical viscosity, which serves as a regularization mechanism for many otherwise ill-posed two-fluid models. However, excessive diffusion in regions of large gradients leads to poor resolution of phenomena related to void wave propagation. In this work, a higher-order shock capturing method is applied to the basic equations for incompressible and isothermal flow of the one-dimensional two-fluid model. The higher-order accuracy is gained by a strong stability preserving multi-step scheme for the time discretization and a minmod flux limiter scheme for the convection terms. Additionally the use of a staggered grid allows for several second-order centered terms, when available. The continuity equations are first tested by manipulating the two-fluid model into a pair of linear wave equations and tested for smooth and discontinuous initial data. The two-fluid model is benchmarked with the water faucet problem. With the higher-order method, the ill-posed nature of the governing equations presents severe challenges due to a growing void fraction jump in the solution. Therefore the initial and boundary conditions of the problem are modified in order to eliminate a large counter-current flow pattern that develops. With the modified water faucet problem the numerical models behave well and allow a convergence study. Using the L1 norm of the liquid fraction, it is verified that the first and higher-order numerical schemes converge to the quasi-analytical solution at a rate of O(1/2 and O(2/3, respectively. It is also shown that the growing void jump is a contact discontinuity, i.e. it is a linearly degenerate wave. The sub
Higher-order accurate space-time schemes for computational astrophysics—Part I: finite volume methods
Balsara, Dinshaw S.
As computational astrophysics comes under pressure to become a precision science, there is an increasing need to move to high accuracy schemes for computational astrophysics. The algorithmic needs of computational astrophysics are indeed very special. The methods need to be robust and preserve the positivity of density and pressure. Relativistic flows should remain sub-luminal. These requirements place additional pressures on a computational astrophysics code, which are usually not felt by a traditional fluid dynamics code. Hence the need for a specialized review. The focus here is on weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) schemes, discontinuous Galerkin (DG) schemes and PNPM schemes. WENO schemes are higher order extensions of traditional second order finite volume schemes. At third order, they are most similar to piecewise parabolic method schemes, which are also included. DG schemes evolve all the moments of the solution, with the result that they are more accurate than WENO schemes. PNPM schemes occupy a compromise position between WENO and DG schemes. They evolve an Nth order spatial polynomial, while reconstructing higher order terms up to Mth order. As a result, the timestep can be larger. Time-dependent astrophysical codes need to be accurate in space and time with the result that the spatial and temporal accuracies must be matched. This is realized with the help of strong stability preserving Runge-Kutta schemes and ADER (Arbitrary DERivative in space and time) schemes, both of which are also described. The emphasis of this review is on computer-implementable ideas, not necessarily on the underlying theory.
Simulated and Virtual Science Laboratory Experiments: Improving Critical Thinking and Higher-Order Learning Skills
Simon, Nicole A.
Virtual laboratory experiments using interactive computer simulations are not being employed as viable alternatives to laboratory science curriculum at extensive enough rates within higher education. Rote traditional lab experiments are currently the norm and are not addressing inquiry, Critical Thinking, and cognition throughout the laboratory experience, linking with educational technologies (Pyatt & Sims, 2007; 2011; Trundle & Bell, 2010). A causal-comparative quantitative study was conducted with 150 learners enrolled at a two-year community college, to determine the effects of simulation laboratory experiments on Higher-Order Learning, Critical Thinking Skills, and Cognitive Load. The treatment population used simulated experiments, while the non-treatment sections performed traditional expository experiments. A comparison was made using the Revised Two-Factor Study Process survey, Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, and the Scientific Attitude Inventory survey, using a Repeated Measures ANOVA test for treatment or non-treatment. A main effect of simulated laboratory experiments was found for both Higher-Order Learning, [F (1, 148) = 30.32,p = 0.00, eta2 = 0.12] and Critical Thinking Skills, [F (1, 148) = 14.64,p = 0.00, eta 2 = 0.17] such that simulations showed greater increases than traditional experiments. Post-lab treatment group self-reports indicated increased marginal means (+4.86) in Higher-Order Learning and Critical Thinking Skills, compared to the non-treatment group (+4.71). Simulations also improved the scientific skills and mastery of basic scientific subject matter. It is recommended that additional research recognize that learners' Critical Thinking Skills change due to different instructional methodologies that occur throughout a semester.
Higher-order triangular spectral element method with optimized cubature points for seismic wavefield modeling
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Liu, Youshan, E-mail: email@example.com [State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 (China); Teng, Jiwen, E-mail: email@example.com [State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 (China); Xu, Tao, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric Evolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029 (China); CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Beijing, 100101 (China); Badal, José, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Physics of the Earth, Sciences B, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza (Spain)
The mass-lumped method avoids the cost of inverting the mass matrix and simultaneously maintains spatial accuracy by adopting additional interior integration points, known as cubature points. To date, such points are only known analytically in tensor domains, such as quadrilateral or hexahedral elements. Thus, the diagonal-mass-matrix spectral element method (SEM) in non-tensor domains always relies on numerically computed interpolation points or quadrature points. However, only the cubature points for degrees 1 to 6 are known, which is the reason that we have developed a p-norm-based optimization algorithm to obtain higher-order cubature points. In this way, we obtain and tabulate new cubature points with all positive integration weights for degrees 7 to 9. The dispersion analysis illustrates that the dispersion relation determined from the new optimized cubature points is comparable to that of the mass and stiffness matrices obtained by exact integration. Simultaneously, the Lebesgue constant for the new optimized cubature points indicates its surprisingly good interpolation properties. As a result, such points provide both good interpolation properties and integration accuracy. The Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) numbers are tabulated for the conventional Fekete-based triangular spectral element (TSEM), the TSEM with exact integration, and the optimized cubature-based TSEM (OTSEM). A complementary study demonstrates the spectral convergence of the OTSEM. A numerical example conducted on a half-space model demonstrates that the OTSEM improves the accuracy by approximately one order of magnitude compared to the conventional Fekete-based TSEM. In particular, the accuracy of the 7th-order OTSEM is even higher than that of the 14th-order Fekete-based TSEM. Furthermore, the OTSEM produces a result that can compete in accuracy with the quadrilateral SEM (QSEM). The high accuracy of the OTSEM is also tested with a non-flat topography model. In terms of computational
Higher-order triangular spectral element method with optimized cubature points for seismic wavefield modeling
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Liu, Youshan; Teng, Jiwen; Xu, Tao; Badal, José
The mass-lumped method avoids the cost of inverting the mass matrix and simultaneously maintains spatial accuracy by adopting additional interior integration points, known as cubature points. To date, such points are only known analytically in tensor domains, such as quadrilateral or hexahedral elements. Thus, the diagonal-mass-matrix spectral element method (SEM) in non-tensor domains always relies on numerically computed interpolation points or quadrature points. However, only the cubature points for degrees 1 to 6 are known, which is the reason that we have developed a p-norm-based optimization algorithm to obtain higher-order cubature points. In this way, we obtain and tabulate new cubature points with all positive integration weights for degrees 7 to 9. The dispersion analysis illustrates that the dispersion relation determined from the new optimized cubature points is comparable to that of the mass and stiffness matrices obtained by exact integration. Simultaneously, the Lebesgue constant for the new optimized cubature points indicates its surprisingly good interpolation properties. As a result, such points provide both good interpolation properties and integration accuracy. The Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) numbers are tabulated for the conventional Fekete-based triangular spectral element (TSEM), the TSEM with exact integration, and the optimized cubature-based TSEM (OTSEM). A complementary study demonstrates the spectral convergence of the OTSEM. A numerical example conducted on a half-space model demonstrates that the OTSEM improves the accuracy by approximately one order of magnitude compared to the conventional Fekete-based TSEM. In particular, the accuracy of the 7th-order OTSEM is even higher than that of the 14th-order Fekete-based TSEM. Furthermore, the OTSEM produces a result that can compete in accuracy with the quadrilateral SEM (QSEM). The high accuracy of the OTSEM is also tested with a non-flat topography model. In terms of computational
A higher order depletion perturbation theory with application to in-core fuel management optimization
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Kropaczek, D.J.; Turinsky, P.J.
Perturbation techniques utilized in reactor analysis have recently been applied in the solution of the in-core nuclear fuel management optimization problem. The use of such methods is motivated by the need to evaluate many times over, the core physics characteristics of loading pattern solutions obtained through an optimization process, which is typically iterative. Perturbation theory provides an efficient alternative to the prohibitively expensive, repetitive solutions of the system few-group neutron diffusion equations required in solving the fuel placement problem. A primary concern in the use of such methods is the control of perturbation errors arising during the fuel shuffling process. First-order accurate models inevitably resort to undue restriction of fuel movement during the optimization process to control these errors. Higher order perturbation theory models have the potential to overcome such limitations, which may result in the identification of local versus global optima. An accurate, computationally efficient reactor physics model based on higher order perturbation theory and geared toward the needs of large-scale in-core fuel management optimization is presented in this paper
Effects of higher order nonlinearities on modulational instability in nonlinear oppositely directed coupler
Mohamadou, A.; Tatsing, P. H.; Latchio Tiofack, C. G.; Tabi, C. B.; Kofane, T. C.
We are motivated by recent studies in medium formed by two tunnel-coupled waveguides. One of the waveguides is manufactured from an ordinary dielectric, while the second has negative refraction. We present an investigation of the gain spectrum permitting modulation instability in the nonlinear optical coupler with a negative-index metamaterial channel whose non-linear response includes third- and fifth-order terms. The principal motivation for our analysis stems from the impact of the inevitable presence of the effective cubic-quintic nonlinearity. We emphasize the influence of higher order nonlinear terms, over the MI phenomena, and the outcome of its development achieved by using linear stability analysis. Gain spectrum investigation has been carried out for both anomalous and normal dispersion regime in the focusing and defocusing cases of nonlinearity and near-zero dispersion regime where higher order linear dispersive effects emerge. Our results show that the MI gain spectra consist of multiple spectral region which are symmetric to the zero point. Moreover, some spectra have a high cut-off frequency but a narrow spectral width, which is obviously beneficial to the generation of high-repetition-rate pulse trains.
Combining higher-order resummation with multiple NLO calculations and parton showers in GENEVA
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Alioli, Simone; Bauer, Christian W.; Berggren, Calvin; Vermilion, Christopher K.; Walsh, Jonathan R.; Zuberi, Saba; Hornig, Andrew; Tackmann, Frank J.
We extend the lowest-order matching of tree-level matrix elements with parton showers to give a complete description at the next higher perturbative accuracy in α s at both small and large jet resolutions, which has not been achieved so far. This requires the combination of the higher-order resummation of large Sudakov logarithms at small values of the jet resolution variable with the full next-to-leading order (NLO) matrix-element corrections at large values. As a by-product, this combination naturally leads to a smooth connection of the NLO calculations for different jet multiplicities. In this paper, we focus on the general construction of our method and discuss its application to e + e - and pp collisions. We present first results of the implementation in the GENEVA Monte Carlo framework. We employ N-jettiness as the jet resolution variable, combining its next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic resummation with fully exclusive NLO matrix elements, and PYTHIA 8 as the backend for further parton showering and hadronization. For hadronic collisions, we take Drell-Yan production as an example to apply our construction. For e + e - → jets, taking α s (m Z ) = 0.1135 from fits to LEP thrust data, together with the PYTHIA 8 hadronization model, we obtain good agreement with LEP data for a variety of 2-jet observables.
On the Entropy Based Associative Memory Model with Higher-Order Correlations
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Masahiro Nakagawa
Full Text Available In this paper, an entropy based associative memory model will be proposed and applied to memory retrievals with an orthogonal learning model so as to compare with the conventional model based on the quadratic Lyapunov functional to be minimized during the retrieval process. In the present approach, the updating dynamics will be constructed on the basis of the entropy minimization strategy which may be reduced asymptotically to the above-mentioned conventional dynamics as a special case ignoring the higher-order correlations. According to the introduction of the entropy functional, one may involve higer-order correlation effects between neurons in a self-contained manner without any heuristic coupling coefficients as in the conventional manner. In fact we shall show such higher order coupling tensors are to be uniquely determined in the framework of the entropy based approach. From numerical results, it will be found that the presently proposed novel approach realizes much larger memory capacity than that of the quadratic Lyapunov functional approach, e.g., associatron.
Combining higher-order resummation with multiple NLO calculations and parton showers in GENEVA
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Alioli, Simone; Bauer, Christian W.; Berggren, Calvin; Vermilion, Christopher K.; Walsh, Jonathan R.; Zuberi, Saba [California Univ., Berkeley, CA (United States). Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Hornig, Andrew [Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Physics; Tackmann, Frank J. [Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany). Gruppe Theorie
We extend the lowest-order matching of tree-level matrix elements with parton showers to give a complete description at the next higher perturbative accuracy in {alpha}{sub s} at both small and large jet resolutions, which has not been achieved so far. This requires the combination of the higher-order resummation of large Sudakov logarithms at small values of the jet resolution variable with the full next-to-leading order (NLO) matrix-element corrections at large values. As a by-product, this combination naturally leads to a smooth connection of the NLO calculations for different jet multiplicities. In this paper, we focus on the general construction of our method and discuss its application to e{sup +}e{sup -} and pp collisions. We present first results of the implementation in the GENEVA Monte Carlo framework. We employ N-jettiness as the jet resolution variable, combining its next-to-next-to-leading logarithmic resummation with fully exclusive NLO matrix elements, and PYTHIA 8 as the backend for further parton showering and hadronization. For hadronic collisions, we take Drell-Yan production as an example to apply our construction. For e{sup +}e{sup -} {yields} jets, taking {alpha}{sub s}(m{sub Z}) = 0.1135 from fits to LEP thrust data, together with the PYTHIA 8 hadronization model, we obtain good agreement with LEP data for a variety of 2-jet observables.
In-service teacher education: asking questions for higher order thinking in visual literacy
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Visvaganthie Moodley
Full Text Available The kinds of questions teachers ask may thwart or promote learner high-order thinking; teachers themselves must have expertise in questioning skills to promote higher order cognition among learners. Drawing on experiential knowledge of assessment, and as an English-teaching professional development programme (PDP facilitator, I demonstrate that within the framework of a carefully structured subject-specific PDP, teachers can be taught how to enhance thinking skills in the English visual literacy (VL learning classroom. Guided by an earlier taxonomy of cognition, and using qualitative methodology, the paper analyses data obtained from: (i observation notes and examination equivalents of 40 teachers from various public schools in Gauteng who were engaged in the Advanced Certificate in Education (ACE, English specialization programme; and (ii a case study of three teachers by means of semi-structured interviews, and a study of their lesson plans and worksheets.The paper examines, specifically, teachers' choice of texts and questions asked, for English second-language learners for the teaching of VL. It concludes by suggesting that if teachers themselves are first engaged in the cognitive processes they wish learners to acquire, they are better positioned to promote higher order among their learners.
Incorporating social groups' responses in a descriptive model for second- and higher-order impact identification
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Sutheerawatthana, Pitch; Minato, Takayuki
The response of a social group is a missing element in the formal impact assessment model. Previous discussion of the involvement of social groups in an intervention has mainly focused on the formation of the intervention. This article discusses the involvement of social groups in a different way. A descriptive model is proposed by incorporating a social group's response into the concept of second- and higher-order effects. The model is developed based on a cause-effect relationship through the observation of phenomena in case studies. The model clarifies the process by which social groups interact with a lower-order effect and then generate a higher-order effect in an iterative manner. This study classifies social groups' responses into three forms-opposing, modifying, and advantage-taking action-and places them in six pathways. The model is expected to be used as an analytical tool for investigating and identifying impacts in the planning stage and as a framework for monitoring social groups' responses during the implementation stage of a policy, plan, program, or project (PPPPs).
Molecular Behavior of DNA Origami in Higher-Order Self-Assembly
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Li, Zhe [Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States); Liu, Minghui [Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States); Lei, Wang [Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States); Shandong Univ., Jinan (China); Nangreave, Jeanette [Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States); Yan, Hao [Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States); Liu, Yan [Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
DNA-based self-assembly is a unique method for achieving higher-order molecular architectures made possible by the fact that DNA is a programmable information-coding polymer. In the past decade, two main types of DNA nanostructures have been developed: branch-shaped DNA tiles with small dimensions (commonly up to ~20 nm) and DNA origami tiles with larger dimensions (up to ~100 nm). Here we aimed to determine the important factors involved in the assembly of DNA origami superstructures. We constructed a new series of rectangular-shaped DNA origami tiles in which parallel DNA helices are arranged in a zigzag pattern when viewed along the DNA helical axis, a design conceived in order to relax an intrinsic global twist found in the original planar, rectangular origami tiles. Self-associating zigzag tiles were found to form linear arrays in both diagonal directions, while planar tiles showed significant growth in only one direction. Although the series of zigzag tiles were designed to promote two-dimensional array formation, one-dimensional linear arrays and tubular structures were observed instead. We discovered that the dimensional aspect ratio of the origami unit tiles and intertile connection design play important roles in determining the final products, as revealed by atomic force microscopy imaging. This study provides insight into the formation of higher-order structures from self-assembling DNA origami tiles, revealing their unique behavior in comparison with conventional DNA tiles having smaller dimensions.
Assessment and instruction to promote higher order thinking in nursing students.
Kantar, Lina D
The dearth of data on the role of assessment in higher education formed the two purposes of this study: first, to explore assessment strategies commonly used in nursing education by analyzing the curriculum documents of three baccalaureate nursing programs in Lebanon against Bloom's Taxonomy of learning, and second to unravel issues of instruction and assessment by categorizing data into teacher- and learner-centered strategies. Content analysis research technique applied to analyze the curriculum documents of three baccalaureate nursing programs in Beirut, Lebanon. After obtaining IRB approval and consent to access the curriculum documents of the programs, data were analyzed using the content analysis research technique. Data on assessments and instruction were categorized into student-centered and teacher-centered. Data revealed deficiency in employing learner-centered strategies in the assessment and instruction of the three programs. There was evidence that educators of the programs focus on teaching content and examining retention, thus supporting prior notions on teaching to the test and accusations in earnest on adherence to the traditional and behavioral curriculum perspectives. Such curricula leave little room for the development of higher order thinking in learners. Although assessments are believed to be indicators of program and teaching effectiveness, there is relatively alarming information on the incompatibility between current assessment practices and demands of the workplace. There is an urgent need for transforming educators' beliefs, knowledge, and skills on testing, since teaching to pass a test could impede knowledge transfer and deter the development of learners' higher order thinking skills. © 2013.
Analysis of higher order optical aberrations in the SLC final focus using Lie Algebra techniques
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Walker, N.J.; Irwin, J.; Woodley, M.
The SLC final focus system is designed to have an overall demagnification of 30:1, with a β at the interaction point (β*) of 5 mm, and an energy band pass of ∼0.4%. Strong sextupole pairs are used to cancel the large chromaticity which accrues primarily from the final triplet. Third-order aberrations limit the performance of the system, the dominating terms being U 1266 and U 3466 terms (in the notation of K. Brown). Using Lie Algebra techniques, it is possible to analytically calculate the soave of these terms in addition to understanding their origin. Analytical calculations (using Lie Algebra packages developed in the Mathematica language) are presented of the bandwidth and minimum spot size as a function of divergence at the interaction point (IP). Comparisons of the analytical results from the Lie Algebra maps and results from particle tracking (TURTLE) are also presented
Propagation of ultrashort optical pulses for nonconservative systems with higher order effect
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Tian Huiping; Tian Jinping; Li Zhonghao; Zhou Guosheng
The complex Ginzburg-Landau equation with three higher order terms (third-order dispersion, Kerr dispersion and self-frequency shift), which can describe the propagation of an ultrashort (subpicosecond or femtosecond) optical pulse in optical fibre systems is studied. Stable propagation of a soliton-like bright pulse is obtained numerically not only in negative and zero group velocity dispersion domains but also in the positive group velocity dispersion domain. The main features of these optical pulses and the parameter regions where they exist are presented. In addition, it is found that in the positive group velocity dispersion domain, a bright pulse would change into a dark pulse under some special parameter conditions
Degenerate higher order scalar-tensor theories beyond Horndeski and disformal transformations
Ben Achour, Jibril; Langlois, David; Noui, Karim
We consider all degenerate scalar-tensor theories that depend quadratically on second-order derivatives of a scalar field, which we have identified in a previous work. These theories, whose degeneracy, in general, ensures the absence of Ostrogradsky's instability, include the quartic Horndeski Lagrangian and its quartic extension beyond Horndeski, as well as other Lagrangians. We study how all these theories transform under general disformal transformations and find that they can be separated into three main classes that are stable under these transformations. This leads to a complete classification modulo disformal transformations. Finally, we show that these higher order theories include mimetic gravity and some particular khronometric theories. They also contain theories that do not correspond, to our knowledge, to already studied theories, even up to disformal transformations.
Double Quarter Wave Crab Cavity Field Profile Analysis and Higher Order Mode Characterization
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Marques, Carlos [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Accelerator R and D Div.; Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). Physics and Astronomy Dept.; Xiao, B. P. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Accelerator R and D Div.; Belomestnykh, S. [Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Accelerator R and D Div.; Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). Physics and Astronomy Dept.
The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is underway for a major upgrade to increase its luminosity by an order of magnitude beyond its original design specifications. This novel machine configuration known as the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) will rely on various innovative technologies including very compact and ultra-precise superconducting crab cavities for beam rotation. A double quarter wave crab cavity (DQWCC) has been designed at Brookhaven National Laboratory for the HL-LHC. This cavity as well as the structural support components were fabricated and assembled at Niowave. The field profile of the crabbing mode for the DQWCC was investigated using a phase shift bead pulling technique and compared with simulated results to ensure proper operation or discover discrepancies from modeled results and/or variation in fabrication tolerances. Higher-Order Mode (HOM) characterization was also performed and correlated with simulations.
Higher-order-mode (HOM) power in elliptical superconducting cavities for intense pulsed proton accelerators
Sang Ho Kim; Dong O Jeon; Sundeli, R
In linacs for intense pulsed proton accelerators, the beam has a multiple time-structure, and each beam time-structure generates resonance. When a higher-order mode (HOM) is near these resonance frequencies, the induced voltage could be large and accordingly the resulting HOM power, too. In order to understand the effects of a complex beam time-structure on the mode excitations and the resulting HOM powers in elliptical superconducting cavities, analytic expressions are developed, with which the beam-induced voltage and corresponding power are explored, taking into account the properties of HOM frequency behavior in elliptical superconducting cavities. The results and understandings from this analysis are presented with the beam parameters of the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) superconducting linac.
Analysis of EMG Signals in Aggressive and Normal Activities by Using Higher-Order Spectra
Sezgin, Necmettin
The analysis and classification of electromyography (EMG) signals are very important in order to detect some symptoms of diseases, prosthetic arm/leg control, and so on. In this study, an EMG signal was analyzed using bispectrum, which belongs to a family of higher-order spectra. An EMG signal is the electrical potential difference of muscle cells. The EMG signals used in the present study are aggressive or normal actions. The EMG dataset was obtained from the machine learning repository. First, the aggressive and normal EMG activities were analyzed using bispectrum and the quadratic phase coupling of each EMG episode was determined. Next, the features of the analyzed EMG signals were fed into learning machines to separate the aggressive and normal actions. The best classification result was 99.75%, which is sufficient to significantly classify the aggressive and normal actions. PMID:23193379
Analysis of EMG Signals in Aggressive and Normal Activities by Using Higher-Order Spectra
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Necmettin Sezgin
Full Text Available The analysis and classification of electromyography (EMG signals are very important in order to detect some symptoms of diseases, prosthetic arm/leg control, and so on. In this study, an EMG signal was analyzed using bispectrum, which belongs to a family of higher-order spectra. An EMG signal is the electrical potential difference of muscle cells. The EMG signals used in the present study are aggressive or normal actions. The EMG dataset was obtained from the machine learning repository. First, the aggressive and normal EMG activities were analyzed using bispectrum and the quadratic phase coupling of each EMG episode was determined. Next, the features of the analyzed EMG signals were fed into learning machines to separate the aggressive and normal actions. The best classification result was 99.75%, which is sufficient to significantly classify the aggressive and normal actions.
De Sitter and scaling solutions in a higher-order modified teleparallel theory
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Paliathanasis, Andronikos, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Instituto de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia (Chile)
The existence and the stability conditions for some exact relativistic solutions of special interest are studied in a higher-order modified teleparallel gravitational theory. The theory with the use of a Lagrange multiplier is equivalent with that of General Relativity with a minimally coupled noncanonical field. The conditions for the existence of de Sitter solutions and ideal gas solutions in the case of vacuum are studied as also the stability criteria. Furthermore, in the presence of matter the behaviour of scaling solutions is given. Finally, we discuss the degrees of freedom of the field equations and we reduce the field equations in an algebraic equation, where in order to demonstrate our result we show how this noncanonical scalar field can reproduce the Hubble function of Λ-cosmology.
A Formalization of Newman's and Yokouchi's Lemmas in a Higher-Order Language
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Andre Luiz Galdino
Full Text Available This paper shows how a formalization for the theory of Abstract Reduction Systems (ARSs in which noetherianity was specified by the notion of well-foundness over binary relations is used in order to prove results such as the well-known Newman's and Yokouchi's Lemmas. The former is known as the diamond lemma and the latter states a property of commutation between ARSs. The theory ars was specified in the Prototype Verification System (PVS for which to the best of our knowledge there was no available theory for dealing with rewriting techniques in general before this development. In addition to proof techniques available in the higher-order specification language of PVS, the verification of these lemmas implies an elaborated use of natural and noetherian induction.
On the existence of anisotropic cosmological models in higher order theories of gravity
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Middleton, Jonathan
We investigate the behaviour on approach to the initial singularity in higher order extensions of general relativity by finding exact cosmological solutions for a wide class of models in which the Lagrangian is allowed to depend nonlinearly upon the three possible linear and quadratic scalars built from the Riemann tensor: R, R ab R ab and R abcd R abcd . We present new anisotropic vacuum solutions analogous to the Kasner solutions of general relativity and extend previous results to a much wider range of fourth-order theories of gravity. We discuss the implications of these results for the behaviour of the more general anisotropic Bianchi type VIII and IX cosmologies as the initial singularity is approached. Furthermore, we also consider the existence conditions for some other simple anisotropic Bianchi I vacuum solutions in which the expansion in each direction is of exponential, rather than power-law behaviour and their relevance for cosmic 'no-hair' theorems.
Measuring child maltreatment using multi-informant survey data: a higher-order confirmatory factor analysis
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Giovanni A. Salum
Full Text Available Objective To investigate the validity and reliability of a multi-informant approach to measuring child maltreatment (CM comprising seven questions assessing CM administered to children and their parents in a large community sample. Methods Our sample comprised 2,512 children aged 6 to 12 years and their parents. Child maltreatment (CM was assessed with three questions answered by the children and four answered by their parents, covering physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse and sexual abuse. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to compare the fit indices of different models. Convergent and divergent validity were tested using parent-report and teacher-report scores on the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Discriminant validity was investigated using the Development and Well-Being Assessment to divide subjects into five diagnostic groups: typically developing controls (n = 1,880, fear disorders (n = 108, distress disorders (n = 76, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (n = 143 and oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (n = 56. Results A higher-order model with one higher-order factor (child maltreatment encompassing two lower-order factors (child report and parent report exhibited the best fit to the data and this model's reliability results were acceptable. As expected, child maltreatment was positively associated with measures of psychopathology and negatively associated with prosocial measures. All diagnostic category groups had higher levels of overall child maltreatment than typically developing children. Conclusions We found evidence for the validity and reliability of this brief measure of child maltreatment using data from a large survey combining information from parents and their children.
Effects of SMILE and Trans-PRK on corneal higher order aberrations after myopic correction
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Jiao Zhao
Full Text Available AIM:To observe the effects of small incision lenticule extraction(SMILEand trans-epithelial photorefractive keratectomy(Trans-PRKon corneal horizontal coma, vertical coma, and spherical aberration and total higher order aberrations after refractive correction for myopia. METHODS: This was a prospective non-randomized cohort study. The cohort included 40 patients(80 eyeswith myopia, who received refraction correction surgery from December 2016 to February 2017 in Leshan Ophthalmic Center. Twenty patients(40 eyesreceived SMILE surgery and the other 20 patients(40 eyesreceived Trans-PRK surgery. Corneal aberrations were determined by a high-resolution Pentacam Scheimpflug camera before the surgery and at 1 and 3mo after the operation. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance of repeated measures. RESULTS: At 1 and 3mo post-operation, the uncorrected visual acuity in both groups was better than or equal to the preoperative best corrected visual acuity. The preoperative corneal aberrations showed no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05. Significantly higher aberration was found after the surgery in both groups(PP>0.05. Post-operation, horizontal and vertical coma had no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05, while SMILE group showed lower spherical aberration and lower total higher order aberration than Trans-PRK group(PCONCLUSION: Both SMILE and Trans-PRK increase corneal aberration and their effects on horizontal and vertical coma are similar. However, SMILE has a minor influence on spherical aberration and total high order aberration than Trans-PRK.
Application of higher order spectral features and support vector machines for bearing faults classification.
Saidi, Lotfi; Ben Ali, Jaouher; Fnaiech, Farhat
Condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling element bearings timely and accurately are very important to ensure the reliability of rotating machinery. This paper presents a novel pattern classification approach for bearings diagnostics, which combines the higher order spectra analysis features and support vector machine classifier. The use of non-linear features motivated by the higher order spectra has been reported to be a promising approach to analyze the non-linear and non-Gaussian characteristics of the mechanical vibration signals. The vibration bi-spectrum (third order spectrum) patterns are extracted as the feature vectors presenting different bearing faults. The extracted bi-spectrum features are subjected to principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction. These principal components were fed to support vector machine to distinguish four kinds of bearing faults covering different levels of severity for each fault type, which were measured in the experimental test bench running under different working conditions. In order to find the optimal parameters for the multi-class support vector machine model, a grid-search method in combination with 10-fold cross-validation has been used. Based on the correct classification of bearing patterns in the test set, in each fold the performance measures are computed. The average of these performance measures is computed to report the overall performance of the support vector machine classifier. In addition, in fault detection problems, the performance of a detection algorithm usually depends on the trade-off between robustness and sensitivity. The sensitivity and robustness of the proposed method are explored by running a series of experiments. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve made the results more convincing. The results indicated that the proposed method can reliably identify different fault patterns of rolling element bearings based on vibration signals. Copyright © 2014 ISA
Higher-order factors of the big five model of personality: a reanalysis of Digman (1997).
Mutch, Christopher
Based on the results from factor analyses conducted on 14 different data sets, Digman proposed a model of two higher-order factors, or metatraits, that subsumed the Big Five personality traits. In the current article, problems in Digman's analyses were explicated, and more appropriate analyses were then conducted using the same 14 correlation matrices from Digman's study. The resultant two-factor model produced improper solutions, poor model fit indices, or both, in almost all of the 14 data sets and thus raised serious doubts about the veracity of Digman's proposed model.
Evaluation of hypersingular integrals arising from supersonic flow computations using higher order boundary element formulation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Behbahani-Nejad, M.; Esfahanian, V.
A general formulation is presented for evaluation of hypersingular integrals arising from computation of supersonic potential flows using boundary element method, where the element is partially inside the Mach forecone. The formulation is applied to higher order elements for any type of element intersection by the Mach forecone. General mappings are introduced to transform the inside-part of the elements partially inside the Mach forecone to another rectangular elements and analytical relations are derived for evaluation of the hypersingular integrals. Comparison between the results and exact solutions indicates that the method is not only general, but also is very accurate. (author)
Soliton dynamics for trapped Bose-Einstein condensate with higher-order interaction
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Ying Wang
Full Text Available We model the three-dimensional (3D trapped Bose-Einstein condensate with the Gross-Pitaevskii equation (GPE incorporating higher-order nonlinear interaction effects. Based on the F-expansion method and self-similar approach, we analytically derive the exact soliton solutions of the 3D GPE, identifying the oscillatory mode under certain experimental settings. The oscillatory kinetic parameter values we obtained coincide very well with those reported in previous work, which is based on the variational approach, showing the applicability of the theoretical treatment presented in this work.
Higher-order chromatin structure in DSB induction, repair and misrepair
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Falk, Martin; Lukášová, Emilie; Kozubek, Stanislav
Roč. 704, 1-3 (2010), s. 88-100 ISSN 1383-5742 R&D Projects: GA MŠk ME 919; GA AV ČR(CZ) IAA500040802; GA AV ČR(CZ) 1QS500040508 Grant - others:GA MŠk(CZ) LC535 Program:LC Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z50040507; CEZ:AV0Z50040702 Keywords : DNA double strand breaks * DSB repair * higher-order chromatin structure Subject RIV: BO - Biophysics Impact factor: 8.741, year: 2010
Wake and higher order mode computations for the CMS experimental chamber at the LHC
Wanzenberg, R
Wakefields and trapped Higher Order Modes (HOMs) in the CMS experimental chamber at the LHC are investigated using a geometrical model which closely reflects the presently installed vacuum chamber. The basic rf-parameters of the HOMs including the frequency, loss parameter, and the Q-value are provided. To cover also transient effects the short range wakefields and the total loss parameter has been calculated, too. Most numerical calculations are performed with the computer code MAFIA. The calculations of the Modes are complemented with an analysis of the multi-bunch instabilities due to the longitudinal and dipole modes in the CMS vacuum chamber.
Higher Order Modes HOM's in Coupled Cavities of the Flash Module ACC39
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Shinton, I.R.R.
We analyse the higher order modes (HOM's) in the 3.9GHz bunch shaping cavities installed in the FLASH facility at DESY. A suite of finite element computer codes (including HFSS and ACE3P) and globalised scattering matrix calculations (GSM) are used to investigate the modes in these cavities. This study is primarily focused on the dipole component of the multiband expansion of the wakefield, with the emphasis being on the development of a HOM-based BPM system for ACC39. Coupled inter-cavity modes are simulated together with a limited band of trapped modes.
Analysis of Higher Order Modes in Large Superconducting Radio Frequency Accelerating Structures
Galek, Tomasz; Brackebusch, Korinna; Van Rienen, Ursula
Superconducting radio frequency cavities used for accelerating charged particle beams are commonly used in accelerator facilities around the world. The design and optimization of modern superconducting RF cavities requires intensive numerical simulations. Vast number of operational parameters must be calculated to ensure appropriate functioning of the accelerating structures. In this study, we primarily focus on estimation and behavior of higher order modes in superconducting RF cavities connected in chains. To calculate large RF models the state-space concatenation scheme, an efficient hybrid method, is employed.
Experimental generation and application of the superposition of higher-order Bessel beams
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Dudley, Angela L
Full Text Available www.csir.co.za Generation of Bessel Fields: • METHOD 1: Ring Slit Aperture • METHOD 2: Axicon Adaptation of method 1 to produce superpositions of higher-order Bessel beams: J. Durnin, J.J. Miceli and J.H. Eberly, Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 1499... 1 2 exp)exp(),,( ϕϕ ),,(),,(),,(, zrAzrAzrA nmnm ϕϕϕ += Transmission function of ring slit aperture: Diffraction Integral: Resulting Field: Page 5 © CSIR 2008 www.csir.co.za Experimental Results: Single Bessel Field...
On the regularity of mild solutions to complete higher order differential equations on Banach spaces
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Nezam Iraniparast
Full Text Available For the complete higher order differential equation u(n(t=Σk=0n-1Aku(k(t+f(t, t∈ R (* on a Banach space E, we give a new definition of mild solutions of (*. We then characterize the regular admissibility of a translation invariant subspace al M of BUC(R, E with respect to (* in terms of solvability of the operator equation Σj=0n-1AjXal Dj-Xal Dn = C. As application, almost periodicity of mild solutions of (* is proved.
Periodic Folded Wave Patterns for (2+1)-Dimensional Higher-Order Broer-Kaup Equation
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Huang Wenhua
A general solution including three arbitrary functions is obtained for the (2+1)-dimensional higher-order Broer-Kaup equation by means of WTC truncation method. Introducing proper multiple valued functions and Jacobi elliptic functions in the seed solution, special types of periodic folded waves are derived. In long wave limit these periodic folded wave patterns may degenerate into single localized folded solitary wave excitations. The interactions of the periodic folded waves and their degenerated single folded solitary waves are investigated graphically and are found to be completely elastic
CUDA Accelerated Multi-domain Volumetric Image Segmentation and Using a Higher Order Level Set Method
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Sharma, Ojaswa; Anton, François; Zhang, Qin
In this paper we present a methodology for smooth surface segmentation (partition) of volumetric images using higher order level set scheme. The segmentation allows for a multi-domain partitioning by minimizing modi-fied Mumford-Shah functional. Since, volumetric images tend to be de......-manding in terms of computation and memory space, we employ a CUDA based fast GPU segmentation and provide accuracy measures compared with an equivalent CPU implementation. Our resulting surfaces are C2-smooth resulting from tri-cubic spline interpolation algorithm. We also provide error bounds...... on the reconstruction/segmentation....
Higher Order Modes HOM___s in Coupled Cavities of the Flash Module ACC39
Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDEWEB)
Shinton, I.R.R.; /Manchester U. /Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech.; Jones, R.M.; /Manchester U. /DESY; Li, Z.; /SLAC; Zhang, P.; /Manchester U. /Cockcroft Inst. Accel. Sci. Tech. /DESY
We analyse the higher order modes (HOM's) in the 3.9GHz bunch shaping cavities installed in the FLASH facility at DESY. A suite of finite element computer codes (including HFSS and ACE3P) and globalised scattering matrix calculations (GSM) are used to investigate the modes in these cavities. This study is primarily focused on the dipole component of the multiband expansion of the wakefield, with the emphasis being on the development of a HOM-based BPM system for ACC39. Coupled inter-cavity modes are simulated together with a limited band of trapped modes.
On Delay-Independent Criteria for Oscillation of Higher-Order Functional Differential Equations
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Yuangong Sun
Full Text Available We investigate the oscillation of the following higher-order functional differential equation: x(n(t+q(t|x(t-τ|λ-1x(t-τ=e(t, where q(t and e(t are continuous functions on [t0,∞, 1>λ>0 and τ≠0 are constants. Unlike most of delay-dependent oscillation results in the literature, two delay-independent oscillation criteria for the equation are established in both the case τ>0 and the case τ<0 under the assumption that the potentials q(t and e(t change signs on [t0,∞.
A Simple Model of Separation Logic for Higher-order Store
DEFF Research Database (Denmark)
Birkedal, Lars; Reus, Bernhard; Schwinghammer, Jan
Separation logic is a Hoare-style logic for reasoning about pointer-manipulating programs. Its core ideas have recently been extended from low-level to richer, high-level languages. In this paper we develop a new semantics of the logic for a programming language where code can be stored (i.......e., with higher-order store). The main improvement on previous work is the simplicity of the model. As a consequence, several restrictions imposed by the semantics are removed, leading to a considerably more natural assertion language with a powerful specification logic....
Nonlinear optics in the LP(02) higher-order mode of a fiber.
Chen, Y; Chen, Z; Wadsworth, W J; Birks, T A
The distinct disperion properties of higher-order modes in optical fibers permit the nonlinear generation of radiation deeper into the ultraviolet than is possible with the fundamental mode. This is exploited using adiabatic, broadband mode convertors to couple light efficiently from an input fundamental mode and also to return the generated light to an output fundamental mode over a broad spectral range. For example, we generate visible and UV supercontinuum light in the LP(02) mode of a photonic crystal fiber from sub-ns pulses with a wavelength of 532 nm.
Exploring evidence of higher order thinking skills in the writing of first year undergraduates
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
Lynette Faragher
Full Text Available Research indicates that concern is often expressed about the language and discourse skills new students bring with them when they first enrol at university, which leads to assumptions being made about their academic abilities. In this paper, an argument is developed through detailed analysis of student writing, that many new first year students have nascent Higher Order Thinking Skills and the potential to be successful in their studies. The work of Robert Marzano and his associates (Marzano, 2001; Marzano & Kendall, 2007, 2008 is applied to student writing.
Random walker in temporally deforming higher-order potential forces observed in a financial crisis
Watanabe, Kota; Takayasu, Hideki; Takayasu, Misako
Basic peculiarities of market price fluctuations are known to be well described by a recently developed random-walk model in a temporally deforming quadratic potential force whose center is given by a moving average of past price traces [M. Takayasu, T. Mizuno, and H. Takayasu, Physica A 370, 91 (2006)]. By analyzing high-frequency financial time series of exceptional events, such as bubbles and crashes, we confirm the appearance of higher-order potential force in the markets. We show statistical significance of its existence by applying the information criterion. This time series analysis is expected to be applied widely for detecting a nonstationary symptom in random phenomena.
Optical MSD symbolic substitution system based on a higher ordered rule
Reddy, A. K.; Mallikarjun, Tatipamula; Raina, J. P.
The advantages provided by Photonic Computing has been well documented. An Optical arithmetic processor has to take full advantage of the massive parallelism in optical signals. Such a processor, using the Modified - Signed - Digit (MSD) number . (i) representation, has been presented here based (2) on the symbolic substitution 1ogi. The higher order symbolic substitution rules are formulated for the addition operation, which is carried out in just two steps. Based on the addition operation, the other arithmetic operations - subtraction, multiplication and division - are implemented. Finally, the usefulness of this MSD system is studied.
Superpositions of higher-order bessel beams and nondiffracting speckle fields - (SAIP 2009)
CSIR Research Space (South Africa)
Dudley, Angela L
Full Text Available stream_source_info Dudley_d2_2009.pdf.txt stream_content_type text/plain stream_size 9714 Content-Encoding UTF-8 stream_name Dudley_d2_2009.pdf.txt Content-Type text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Superpositions of Higher... (1987). [4] P. A. Khilo, L. I. Kramoreva, and N. A. Khilo, "Optically controlled rotation of multibeam light field," Proc. SPIE Vol. 4358, 250-253 (2001). Figure 1: (a): The experiment developed by Durnin[3] to generate a zero order Bessel beam...
On the application of the Williams-Weizsaecker-method to higher order S-matrix-approximations
International Nuclear Information System (INIS)
Ziegelbecker, R.C.
In this paper the method of quasireal processes is investigated using a special example - pair production in the stationary field of a nucleus by an incident electron. As a result, the semi-classical version of the Williams-Weizsaecker-method is confirmed on the basis of all 3sup(rd)-order Feynman-diagrams. The spectra of quasireal processes, derived from quantum field theory, can also be applied simultaneously in several vertex points on one diagram and are valid for higher photon energies than the semiclassical spectrum; the restriction #betta# [de
Solitons in One-Dimensional Bose–Einstein Condensate with Higher-Order Interactions
Wang, Ying; Wang, Wei; Zhou, Shu-Yu
We model a one-dimensional Bose–Einstein condensate with the one-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation (1D GPE) incorporating higher-order interaction effects. Based on the F-expansion method, we analytically solve the 1D GPE, identifying the typical soliton solution under certain experimental settings within the general wave-like solution set, and demonstrating the applicability of the theoretical treatment that is employed. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11791240178, 11674338, and 11547024
Higher order modes HOMs in coupled cavities of the FLASH module ACC39
Shinton, I R R; Li, Z; Zhang, P
We analyse the higher order modes (HOM's) in the 3.9GHz bunch shaping cavities installed in the FLASH facility at DESY. A suite of finite element computer codes (including HFSS and ACE3P) and globalised scattering matrix calculations (GSM) are used to investigate the modes in these cavities. This study is primarily focused on the dipole component of the multiband expansion of the wakefield, with the emphasis being on the development of a HOM-based BPM system for ACC39. Coupled inter-cavity modes are simulated together with a limited band of trapped modes.
Higher-order discrete maximum principle for 1D diffusion-reaction problems
Czech Academy of Sciences Publication Activity Database
Vejchodský, Tomáš
Roč. 60, č. 4 (2010), s. 486-500 ISSN 0168-9274. [Conference in Numerical Analysis (NumAn 2008). Kalamata, 01.09.2008-05.09.2008] R&D Projects: GA AV ČR IAA100760702; GA AV ČR(CZ) IAA100190803 Institutional research plan: CEZ:AV0Z10190503 Keywords : discrete maximum principle * discrete Green's function * diffusion-reaction problem * higher-order finite element method * hp-FEM * M-matrix Subject RIV: BA - General Mathematics Impact factor: 0.919, year: 2010 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168927409001731
Effect of impedance and higher order chromaticity on the measurement of linear chromaticity
Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)
V. H. Ranjbar
Full Text Available The combined effect of impedance and higher order chromaticity can act on the beam in a nontrivial manner which can cause a tune shift which depends on the relative momenta with respect to the "on momentum" particle (Δp/p. Experimentally, this tune shift affects the measurement of the linear chromaticity which is traditionally measured with a change of Δp/p. The theory behind this effect will be derived in this paper. Computer simulations and experimental data from the Tevatron will be used to support the theory.
Preceptor use of classroom assessment techniques to stimulate higher-order thinking in the clinical setting.
Davidson, Judy E
The purpose of this article is to provide examples of learning activities to be used as formative (interim) evaluation of an in-hospital orientation or cross-training program. Examples are provided in the form of vignettes that have been derived from strategies described in the literature as classroom assessment techniques. Although these classroom assessment techniques were originally designed for classroom experiences, they are proposed as methods for preceptors to stimulate the development of higher-order thinking such as synthesizing information, solving problems, and learning how to learn.
Higher Order Mode (HOM) Impedance and Damping Study for the LHC Capture Cavity
Linnecar, Trevor Paul R; Tückmantel, Joachim; CERN. Geneva. SPS and LHC Division
To investigate the higher order mode, HOM, damping in the LHC 200MHz ACN cavity when using four HOM couplers, simulations have been done by both 3-D frequency domain and time domain methods. These simulations have previously been used in other studies of HOM damped cavities and shown to be effective by comparing measurement and simulation results[1] [2]. Using these methods the impedance spectrum of the HOM modes in the cavity before and after damping has been obtained. From this, detailed information about the HOM coupler's contribution to HOM damping can be obtained. The distribution and magnitude of some potentially dangerous HOM modes in the ACN cavity have been found.