text:
Theories - Origin of Life
Discussion of everything related to the Theory of Evolution.
Moderator: BioTeam
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
I apologise for my long abstention from this forum, but illness has taken it's toll.
However I am somewhat better now so may I perhaps continue to engage and no doubt irritate.
I did say I would put out some information on antibacterial resistance so here it is for any further discussion.
Antibiotic resistance is often used to show that the development of this resistance in humans is a result of random evolutionary forces that natural selection uses.
However what does the empirical evidence actually show?
In the book "Bacteria versus Antibacterial Agents – an Integrated approach"
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=mayr ... 8.&f=false
Page 243 has this to say.
As far as ribosomal protection is concerned the book goes on
There is the third mechanism not considered by the book
Some bacteria produce enzymes that neutralize antibiotics groups to a specific site on the antibiotic. This modification reduces the ability of the antibiotic to bind to ribosomes, rendering it harmless to the cell.
The interesting question here is, where do these antibacterial properties come from?
Are they the result of blind random mutations that natural selection can select from.
Here is what the data reveals.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/article ... ool=pubmed
Tetracycline antibiotics: mode of action, applications, molecular biology, and epidemiology of bacterial resistance.
It notes
So the question naturally is, where do these genes comes from?
It goes on
So Bacteria don't appear to be evolving new genes at all, they are acquiring previously existing antibiotic resistance genes through lateral gene transfer.
It goes on further..
So there is nothing new about antibacterial resistance, for it now appears to have been in nature all along.
In fact Streptomyces uses these methods to protect itself from its own antibiotics.
The idea that antibiotic resistance is so readily used to show that the development of this resistance in humans is a result of random evolutionary forces, actually runs counter to the empirical evidence.
What the empirical evidence shows is that, it is the direct clinical intervention that induces the acquisition of these natural occurring mobile genetic elements in tetracyclines that produces the resistance.
So this is not mutations selected by natural selection but (although unintended) artificial selection.
In fact this paper makes an sound empirical observation.
Another point to keep in mind is this.
Even if a mutation occurs in the ribosome that may provide an advantage to the bacterium, it would come at a cost. Ribosomal mutations, while providing antibiotic resistance for the organism, slow the process of protein synthesis, slow growth rates, and reduce the ability of the affected bacterium to compete in an environment that is devoid of a specific antibiotic.
Furthermore, a mutation that confers resistance to one antibiotic may make the bacterium more susceptible to other antibiotics.
These are deleterious effects and are completely inconsistent with the evolutionary model of natural selection acting on random mutations.
What I find quite amusing is this statement you will find on wikipedia.
Please notice that while this statement acknowledges that antibotic resistance results from pre existing genes that are transferred, it is followed by a simple doctrinal statement that these genes have evolved via natural selection.
This is not science but simple philosophy, no different to a creationist statement like "God created the world in 6 days"
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
Now that the Olympics and paralympics are over I am able to put away my armchair and pop corn and continue.
One of the reasons I was amused at the wiki statement that a gene evolves via natural selection has to do with their understanding of what a gene is.
Their definition is
This is not exactly correct and at least 5 years out of date, but let's stick with it for the moment.
Now lets see the description of Natural Selection according to this same wiki.
Remember of course, there has to be a functioning entity or biological trait for NS to act upon, and the only mechanism according to any branch of Darwinian evolutionary theory is some random occurrence that produces a function.
Now the gene codes for amino acids that the cell needs to use. (we are not even going to discuss how this coding sequence could have come about.)
Here is what wiki records about amino acids.
In the simplest sense, expressing a gene means manufacturing its corresponding protein, which is a sequence of amino acids.
So according to wiki, we have biological traits coded by genes that are randomly built without any purpose and are then naturally selected through some gradual non random process by which they get stabilised in a population.
However, nearly 50% of these amino acids cannot be selected by the cell that the genes have coded for, because they aren't there to select from. (the body doesn't make them)
So in order for this selective process to occur, there has to be a fully functioning digestive system so that when the food gets eaten, the nutrients travel down into the stomach and then intestines. These organs break up and dissolve the food into small pieces that can be absorbed by the blood stream. Most of these small particles travel from the intestines to the liver, which filters and converts the food into nourishment that the blood stream delivers to the cell. How these nutrients pass into the cell of course is another area we are not even going to go into for now.
So the obvious question is :
Which came first?
The genes that code for the proteins using the amino acids that the body can make.
The genes that codes for the entire digestive tract that provides the cell with the amino acids that body can't make but which the body cannot do without.
Isn't it obvious that that the whole show has to be in place before any of these individual parts can functionally operate.
But of course the obvious is not acceptable.
Instead we have these doctrinal statements promulgated with a religious fervour, and any dissent from that view is considered heretical.
The problem with all these just so stories is that they fall apart when the detail is examined.
Wouldn't it be nice to see some real science showing how Natural Selection produces a gene.
But that's hoping for too much, after all what has science got to do with a good story.
This whole idea gets more farcical when we consider what the latest research on genes throws up.
That however is better left for another time.
Let me see if I've got this straight. Someone says to you, "beneficial mutations exist. Example: antibiotic resistance." And your response is, "this bacterium got antibiotic resistance from lateral gene transfer, therefore beneficial mutations do not exist."
That's like saying the grocery store couldn't possibly be selling DVDs because Best Buy sells DVDs. In order to demonstrate that mutation is not responsible for antibiotic resistance, you would have to go through all cases of antibiotic resistance and show how lateral gene transfer is the cause in each and every one of them.
A much better approach would be to look for papers which detail the spontaneous mutation of antibiotic resistance in the lab. If you fail to find such papers, that would be an indication that such mutations do not exist.
It took me about thirty seconds to find such papers. I'm not sure how many you require, but logic says even one is enough to invalidate your argument. I've selected three to reference. The abstract for the first one can be found here:
Unfortunately, the full text is not available online (at least not that I could find) but the abstract gives a good idea of the content. This article reviews the current research on mutations which confer antibiotic resistance. It acknowledges that horizontal gene transfer is responsible for the spread of many mutations, but also references many instances where antibiotic resistance has arisen as the direct result of mutation.
I was able to get a copy of the second source through my public library's subscription to EBSCO. It's an American Scientist article from 11/6/06 called "Free Upgrades, Unfortunately." The article describes a study where the researchers took samples of bacteria from people infected with M. tuberculosis. They did this at two different points in time: once early on in the infection and then again later, when the bacteria had had time to mutate inside the person's body. They found mutations that conferred antibiotic resistance.
"Okay," you might say, "but what if the patients picked up some resistant bacteria somehow? Those bacteria could have spread the resistance to them."
Not only did antibiotic resistant bacteria show up out of nowhere in the patients, they also showed up in the lab. Researchers started with normal M. tuberculosis and exposed them to the antibiotic. They were easily able to produce several antibiotic-resistant strains.
I intended to present this simply as an example of beneficial mutations, but it coincidentally contradicts your assertion that antibiotic resistance always comes at a price. The whole point of this study was not to demonstrate that mutations can cause antibiotic resistance (that's well-established and they completed that task only incidentally as part of their methodology) but to see if antibiotic resistant strains evolved in vivo are as hardy as non-resistant ones. They found that, in many cases, they were.
Now, I realize that citing papers which are not freely available online might seem like kind of a cop-out, so here's one that is available in full-text:
Again, the ability of mutation to cause resistance is taken for granted: the focus of the article is on the technicalities of measuring mutation rates. But there are still copious examples in this article of bacteria acquiring resistance through mutation. These mutations have been observed clinically as well as in the lab. Researchers can actually induce these mutations to order. They can cook up any resistance they want, using nothing more than their knowledge of mutation rates and the rapid reproduction of these organisms.
I will mention something else about the costs of resistance. Though the American Scientist article indicates that there is not always a cost, I don't mean to imply that there is never a cost. Of course there are costs. This is what I have been saying all along: the terms "advantageous" and "deleterious" are highly relative. They depend almost exclusively on context. A bacterium living in an antibiotic-free environment will probably not be as successful if it has a resistance mutation. But as soon as antibiotics enter the environment, suddenly it's a stud, out-reproducing all its fellow bacteria. That is whole point of the combination of random mutations with directional selection: one fuels the variation on which the other acts. And steady mutation rates mean that even alleles which are eliminated from the population can pop up again later.
You are somewhat correct to point out that, clinically, we can never be sure that a mutation has arisen because the conditions are not controlled. But many of these cases of resistance mutations occur in the lab. These are cultures that are carefully kept from contamination. No lateral gene transfer is possible in these situations.
The only possible argument left to you is to contend that these variants are not arising spontaneously but were always there, hidden in the bacterial colonies in such small numbers that they were undetectable until exposure to antibiotics brought them roaring to life. If that is indeed your argument, then I have two challenges to offer:
1) If mutation cannot cause antibiotic resistance, then why do mutagens increase the speed with which resistance-conferring variants arise?
2) If these variants exist in such small numbers, and they get no benefit from their antibiotic resistance until an antibiotic is introduced to the environment, then how do they survive for so long and occur so frequently? Wouldn't their relative disadvantage/small numbers increase the likelihood that they would, by chance, fail to reproduce and thus remove their alleles from the population? I mean, we might expect that some would survive by chance, but why is it that scientists can generate antibiotic resistance, under controlled conditions, in literally any population of bacteria they decide to test? How do you account for that without steady mutation rates?
Edited to add a third question: how do these preexisting alleles for antibiotic resistance elude researchers who create pure strains from a single bacterium and even sequence the DNA of that bacterium to ensure that the allele is not present in its genome?
To wrap up, your assertion that bacteria never get antibiotic resistance from mutation is astounding given the abundance of evidence to the contrary. You seem very concerned about the latest research, but the fact is that we've known about these beneficial mutations for decades. The latest research is way beyond that, investigating the details of how often these mutations occur, what other effects they have on the bacteria, how the mutations spread once they are introduced, etc.
If arguing with people on the internet helps me understand science, then I will do it. FOR THE CHILDREN.
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
I'm not touching this trollbait with a ten-foot pole, lol.
I'm not interested in debating the origin of genes with you. As I said previously, I'm only concerned with the issue of beneficial mutations. However, you might be interested in watching (if you haven't already) What Darwin Never Knew. It has some good visuals of the complexity of genomic interactions. The simple answer to your question is that genes are legos made of legos. Nothing is created de novo; it's all built modularly. Do a Google search on "gene origins."
If arguing with people on the internet helps me understand science, then I will do it. FOR THE CHILDREN.
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
For the sake of clarity, and I have stated this before and will probably have to continue ad nauseam.
My position is not that random mutations do not happen. They do.
Does NS act upon random mutations. Yes I believe that may also happen.
In other words, does evolution (change over time) happen. Yes
Does this mechanism account for species change, let alone the Origin of Species. (remember this is the subject of this thread)
I argue NO
Aside from a lot of adolescent rhetoric (not necessary from you)I see no evidence.
I have also clearly stated about14351-480.html
I went on to state (not to you)
Which is about where you came in.
So let me turn to your question
This is what I have stated.
It appears to me that you are raising straw man arguments here.
The abstract you refer to is certainly not inconsistent with my statements.
In fact if I may refer you to a more recent and complete paper in 2009.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2684669/ entitled
The role of natural environments in the evolution of resistance traits in pathogenic bacteria
This is how the abstract begins
All I have argued is that this resistance is already there in nature. The question is not how did the resistance in humans come about. We know that, well sort of!
The question is how did these genes come about in the first place.
That is what I found amusing about the wiki posit ie that NS is "what done it".
For that statement to be valid then empirical evidence is required.
But what do we get.
Well antibacterial resistance proves this. (Perhaps not you but others do claim this)
With all due respect it does nothing of the kind.
What it does show is that clinical intervention passes on a resistance that already exists in nature.
That sounds to me very much like artificial selection.
Not a very good one at that, since we are now having to deal with the consequences.
The 5 years out of date comment has to do with the latest Encode definition of a gene. Nothing to do with trollbait.
Ok so you are not interested in discussing the origin of genes with me but you do know the simple answer.
Genes are legos made of legos.
My my, however did I miss that one.
Errr yep I've got it.
I have been accused of lacking imagination, that's what it must be.
Got to keep working at it.!!
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
So, in other words...you agree that beneficial mutations exist. When you said "Where are the functional phenotypes that random mutation is supposed to have produced in order for NS to select from?" you did not mean to deny that an organism may acquire a beneficial trait from a random mutation. You simply meant that you didn't think beneficial mutations sufficient to account for complex adaptations. By "functional phenotype" you mean the whole mouse trap, not just a piece of it.
It sounds like what you're saying is that natural selection can't account for complex structures like eyes and blood clotting cascades because random mutation can't produce eyes or blood clotting cascades.
This is an argument I can understand. I don't agree with it, but I can understand why someone would take this position. However, your statement that "The random mutations that do occur are invariably deleterious to the organism" seems to contradict the aforementioned argument. Hence my initial incredulity. But if we can agree that a random mutation might confer a benefit for the mutated organism, then we can agree that the variation on which natural selection acts is, at least in part, the result of random mutation.
Then there are three steps to antibiotic resistance. First, the bacteria evolves a gene that confers resistance to some dangerous substance. This substance is "natural" in the sense that it is not man-made (not an artificial antibiotic).
Second, the bacteria encounters the man-made antibiotic. The gene that conferred resistance to the "natural" substance isn't much use against the man-made antibiotic until a random mutation tweaks it in such a way that it confers resistance to that man-made antibiotic.
Third, the bacteria becomes successful because it is immune to the man-made antibiotic. So it freely proliferates and passes its resistance to the man-made antibiotic on to all its friends, and even to other types through horizontal gene transfer.
So. If I understand you correctly, putting forth antibiotic resistance as an example of beneficial mutation is flawed for this reason: the gene that is altered by the mutation was already conferring resistance to dangerous substances, therefore the mutation didn't really confer any benefit; it tweaked a benefit that was already there.
What I don't understand is why you tried to explain this by citing a paper on horizontal gene transfer. That's the third step. Why did you go there, if the real question is where the gene in step one came from?
Maybe you meant that there is no step two? That there are bacteria which are naturally immune to man-made antibiotics because they are immune to natural antibiotics? And that these bacteria spread their immunity through horizontal gene transfer? Which brings us back to the experimentally verified fact that mutation can also cause immunity. In which case HGT is irrelevant.
I'm sorry, but no matter how I try to unpack your argument, it still strikes me as fundamentally illogical. And the only response you can come up with is to cry "straw man" and quote the same flawed argument that I just excoriated. You say that the sources I linked are "not inconsistent with your statements" but you don't explain how. You offer no refutation of the copious examples of antibiotic resistance that have nothing to do with HGT.
Here's another thing I find curious: you say the resistance was already there in nature because this paper says the resistance genes "evolved in non-clinical (natural) environment before the use of antibiotics by humans." But later on in the paper, they mention that although there are some bacteria which produce natural antibiotics and thus already have genes specifically for antibiotic resistance, "some resistance genes may have other functional roles in their original organisms besides antibiotic resistance." In other words, genes that now confer antibiotic resistance may have served a completely different function in the past. "These examples illustrate the concept that a determinant which contributes to the resistance of human pathogens to antibiotics can be involved in central metabolic processes of environmental bacteria in their natural habitats."
So, one of the major points of the paper you quoted is that a gene that was originally used to make a protein involved in metabolism might later play a role in antibiotic resistance. This seems to directly contradict your assertion that all antibiotic resistance is "already there in nature." In fact, it supports the idea that natural selection plays a strong role in the evolution of these genes. Because, as any biologist will tell you, natural selection doesn't work de novo. It takes what is already there and tweaks it. Complex structures don't evolve overnight. You don't need the whole mousetrap at once because the individual pieces may be individually useful for other things.
If the sources I cited were truly consistent with your argument, you should have pulled quotes from them and explained how they supported you. Instead, you cited a new source. Not only does this new source not support your argument, but the parts that you didn't quote actually directly contradict you.
No, seriously. Google "gene origins." It's really interesting.
If arguing with people on the internet helps me understand science, then I will do it. FOR THE CHILDREN.
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
you wrote
Please don't take my statement any further than what I have said.
I said
To me the jury is still out.
How does one distinguish between what is a random and what is a prescribed cellular response to outside pressure.
It is for this reason that I argue that random mutations "mistakes" are mostly deleterious simply because of the cell's checkpoint and correction processes. These processes ensure integrity to some already existing template. I am not aware of any biologist that disagrees that most random mutations are deleterious.
Now you go on with your steps to acquired resistance. Allow me for a moment just to
engage with your first step description.(I will deal with the rest as this develops.)
Could you explain please; How does the bacteria "evolve" a gene?
If that is how a gene arrived then could you demonstrate the process.
That is what the scientific method requires.
If you are unable to, then you are treating a hypothesis as a fact.
Now if you recognise you are dealing with a hypothesis that's ok with me, so long as you don't quickly slide from hypothesis to fact, as you appear to be doing.
If I am wrong then please correct me.
btw I will Google "gene origins"
Life: the active situational model on the cell membrane, equipped with a polypeptide-nucleic technology
Polypeptide-nucleic technology: Technological database recorded triplet code of four letters in the DNA-nucleotide carrier, through the device of RNA-IO is implemented in the polypeptide interface.
It is an ancient, several billion years ago the development of brilliant engineering. Engineers - "active models the situation in lipid membranes". Thus, the question of the origin of life, it is a question of the origin of those ancient membrane-engineers!
https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid ... =1&theater
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
All I'm arguing is proof of concept. If you admit the possibility, that is enough for me.
What pressure is a colony of bacteria being subjected to when you keep them in their optimal environment? How do you account for steady rates of mutation in populations of organisms kept under controlled laboratory conditions?
Scroll up. We already talked about this.
No. It's not germane to this discussion. See "gene origins" above.
We can both agree that a bacterial strain which was previously not antibiotic resistant had genes. Where those genes came from is not important at the moment. You focus on this and completely ignore the larger issue of the irrelevancy of horizontal gene transfer.
If arguing with people on the internet helps me understand science, then I will do it. FOR THE CHILDREN.
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
Absence of selective pressure leads to increase of diversity = more mutants.
FYI - I am one biologist that disagrees… Most mutations are neutral.
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
Here is a short post...
How then is mutation (a change in the DNA sequence hence the genome) not a cause for Species Genesis... when basically the main difference between species is genetics?
How then can accumulation of Mutation not a cause for Species Genesis when differences in environmental pressure could cause a shift in Species Population for varying genome composition...
Frankly, I'm lost here...
Hey guys I am a newbie here. But I have the cracking latest stuff for all of you.
All of you, beyond doubt believe Miller and Urey's experiment on origin of life.
This is one fresh discovery. A group of viruses (mimivirus) have given rise to the three different domains of life i.e., archaea, prokarya(bacteria) and eukarya.
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Garfagnana and the Serchio Valley the wonders of the area with a hotel for weddings in Tuscany
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subset: commoncrawl


text: Yet Another Lake Okeechobee Giant!Yet Another Lake Okeechobee Giant! BASS ONLINE 2015-08-26T13:28:52+00:00 December 28th, 2014|0 Comments About the Author: BASS ONLINEBASSONLINE, FLORIDA NUMBER ONE BASS FISHING RESOURCE. SUPPLYING ACCESS TO OUTDOOR INDUSTRY LAKES, FISHING LOCATIONS, FISHING REPORTS AND TOP FISHING GUIDES IN THE COUNTRY.Leave A Comment Cancel replyYou must be logged in to post a comment.


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Walworth County Board to vote on allowing chickens in residential zones
ELKHORN�— Rural residents of Walworth County are one step closer to being able to have chickens on their properties.
The county's zoning committee voted Thursday afternoon in favor of an ordinance amendment that would allow people living on property zoned as residential to have up to six chickens in coops in their backyards.
The county board will make a final decision at its Tuesday, Feb. 11, meeting.
Dale Wheelock, a local poultry farmer and Delavan resident, has been working with chicken lovers for about a year to draft and propose the amended ordinance.
About a year ago, he began hearing from people who were keeping chickens on residential properties and were getting flack from neighbors. Twice he heard from people who were turned in by their neighbors for having chickens.
"There are illegal chickens all over Walworth County because people think 'Well, I live in the country, so obviously I can have chickens,'" Wheelock said.
That's not the case.
Walworth County regulates the zoning for towns with the exception of the town of Bloomfield. Cities and villages control their own zoning and ordinances. The Whitewater City Council, for example, voted to allow chickens in backyards in December 2012.
Under county ordinances, chickens are not allowed on residential properties in the unincorporated areas of the county. They are allowed on properties zoned as agricultural.
The proposed ordinance restricts chickens from mobile home parks and would not allow roosters. Chickens would have to remain on the property and live in a coop no larger than 100 square feet.
The structure would have to be movable and be at least 10 feet from side and rear property lines and at least 20 feet from a neighboring residence.�
The ordinance amendment would help make sure everyone is on the same page and following the rules, Wheelock said.
"It will bring a lot of people into compliance who either have chickens on agriculture land ... or residential (areas)," Wheelock said.
Michael Cotter, director of Walworth County Land Use and Resource Management, said the ordinance amendment faced no opposition at the December public hearing, but that doesn't mean some people aren't opposed.
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Cotter said he doesn't think allowing coops in residential zones would cause problems.
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text:
A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding Factors Associated With Cervical Cancer Screening Utilization Among Low-Income, HIV-Positive Women
- Full Text View
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- No Study Results Posted
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
|Cancer Prevention Cervix
|Behavioral: Cognitive Interview Behavioral: Questionnaires Behavioral: Focus Groups
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Observational Model: Cohort
Time Perspective: Prospective
|Official Title:
|A Mixed-Methods Approach to Understanding Factors Associated With Cervical Cancer Screening Utilization Among Low-Income, HIV-Positive Women
- HIV Positive Women's Perceived Barriers to Cervical Cancer Screening [ Time Frame: 1 day ]Participants rank Nominal Group Technique (NGT) items (cervical cancer screening barriers and strategies to improve screening) from 1-5 (1-least important: 5-most important). Once two coders have calculated rankings, the 5 items receiving the highest number of points will be deemed the 5 barriers to cervical cancer screening. Similarly, the 5 strategy-based items receiving highest number of points will be deemed essential strategies to improving cervical cancer screening at Thomas Street Health Center (TSHC).
|Study Start Date:
|July 2012
|Study Completion Date:
|April 2015
|Primary Completion Date:
|April 2015 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Focus Groups + Interviews + Questionnaires
HIV-positive women recruited from the population of individuals seeking care at Thomas Street Health Center (TSHC) of the Harris County Hospital District (HCHD).
Behavioral: Cognitive Interview
A research staff member will use a questionnaire to ask about many different health and social topics. The cognitive interview should take up to 45 minutes to complete.Behavioral: Questionnaires
Phase I: Completion of a questionnaire about age, education level, income, and general health behaviors. This questionnaire should take about 20 minutes to complete.
Phase II: Completion of 2 questionnaires. The first questionnaire will ask about age, education level, income, and general health behaviors. This questionnaire should take about 20 minutes to complete.
The second questionnaire will ask about many different health and social topics. This questionnaire should take up to 45 minutes to complete.
Other Name: SurveysBehavioral: Focus Groups
Phase I: There will be up to 8 women in each of the 5 focus groups.
Participants asked questions about personal and clinic-related factors that might make it more difficult to receive pap smear screenings. Participants also asked to discuss what might make it easier or encourage women to receive pap smear screenings. The focus group discussion should last 60-90 minutes.
Show Detailed Description
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
|Sampling Method:
|Non-Probability Sample
Inclusion Criteria:
- English speaking
- Patient receiving HIV/AIDS care at Thomas Street Health Center
- Female
- 18 years of age or older
- Able to provide written informed consent to participate
Exclusion Criteria:
1) Physically deemed ineligible based on medical (HIV related or other condition) or psychiatric condition
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01605656
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01605656
|United States, Texas
|Thomas Street Health Center, Harris County Hospital District
|Houston, Texas, United States, 77009
|Principal Investigator:
|Damon Vidrine, MS, DRPH, BA
|M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
Additional Information:
|Responsible Party:
|M.D. Anderson Cancer Center
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01605656 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
R25T CA57730 ( Registry Identifier: NCI )
|First Submitted:
|May 18, 2012
|First Posted:
|May 25, 2012
|Last Update Posted:
|March 29, 2016
|Last Verified:
|March 2016
Keywords provided by M.D. Anderson Cancer Center:
Cancer Prevention
Focus groups
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Uterine Cervical Neoplasms
Uterine Neoplasms
Genital Neoplasms, Female
Urogenital Neoplasms
Neoplasms by Site
Uterine Cervical Diseases
Uterine Diseases
Genital Diseases, Female


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Barbara Stelter, Janesville, WI (1965-2014)
September 22, 1965 - February 4, 2014
Barbara Stelter, age 48, of Janesville, died on Tuesday, Feb. 4, 2014, at Agrace HospiceCare, Inc., Fitchburg. She was born on Sept. 22, 1965, and married Michael Stelter in Las Vegas, on July 3, 1997. She had been employed by the Ramada Inn, the Baymont, and was the assistant manager of the Dollar Tree, Janesville. Barbara enjoyed camping and traveling.
Barbara is survived by her husband, Michael Stelter; two daughters, Samantha Sherman of Stevens Point, and Jenna Sherman of Arizona; her mother, Louise Peterson of Janesville; mother-in-law, Marilyn Stelter of Janesville; seven siblings: Tony (Barb) Peterson, Susie Peterson, Gloria Dutcher, Mike (Kris) Peterson, Pattie (Bob) Meyer, Donald Peterson and Robert Peterson, all of Janesville; and other relatives and friends.
A Funeral Service will be held at 10:30 a.m. on Monday, Feb. 10, 2014, at AFTON COMMUNITY CHURCH with Rev. Phil Ramsey officiating. Interment will be in Milton Lawns Memorial Park. A visitation will be held on Sunday from 1 until 3 p.m. at SCHNEIDER APFEL SCHNEIDER & SCHNEIDER FUNERAL HOME & CREMATORY. For on-line condolences and registry: www.schneiderfuneraldirectors.com


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Siemens AG is a global powerhouse. It produces electronics and electrical engineering products for companies in the manufacturing, energy, and healthcare segments in more than 290 major production facilities worldwide, and it provides infrastructure solutions to cities and metropolitan areas.
Siemens Capital Company LLC (SCC), a wholly owned subsidiary of Siemens AG, is the central treasury service provider for Siemens-affiliated companies in the Americas. It is one of four Siemens treasury centers globally.
Several years ago, Siemens launched a credit warehouse program designed to improve transparency into commercial customer credit data across the company. Treasury & Risk caught up with vice president Doug Schoch and risk analyst Akhnaton Ngweh to discuss the 'why,' the 'how,' and the outcome of the project.
T&R: The credit warehouse was a major undertaking; Siemens Capital Company even spun off a new subsidiary, Siemens Credit Warehouse, Inc., to manage the program in the U.S. What were the pain points that led your company to take such drastic measures to gain better insights into customer credit data?
Doug Schoch: Like many companies in today's world, Siemens was dealing with large amounts of commercial customer data, and synthesizing and leveraging this information was an ongoing challenge. We have a lot of business units across the globe, and it was difficult for any one group to gain a holistic perspective on the receivables portfolio of Siemens as a whole.
Each credit team at the local level was managing customers' credit risk separately. That meant that although each team limited the exposure of its business unit to credit risk from any particular counterparty, we knew that the company overall had large exposures to some of our biggest customers. As the world economy began to falter, and some of our major customers started having financial difficulties, we needed to be able to see which companies posed extraordinary credit risk to Siemens globally. That just wasn't feasible when the data was stored in dozens of different databases around the world.
T&R: What track did Siemens take to resolve this challenge?
DS: Well, the company decided in 2008 to address this dilemma. We started consolidating short-term receivables data from multiple business units into one central group in treasury. The goals were to increase credit risk awareness across Siemens, enable the centralized group to actively manage the company's credit risk on a global scale, and provide an additional source of liquidity for Siemens. That's how the global Siemens Credit Warehouse program was created.
T&R: So, how does the Siemens Credit Warehouse work?
DS: On a daily basis, Siemens business units transfer their trade receivables data to the program's global database, which is hosted in Germany. We developed the database software in-house, based on SAP technology. Local units' SAP ERP systems connect to the credit warehouse database, and their data is delivered to the program via a file transfer. The data is aggregated and enhanced with internal credit risk ratings and credit reports. The Siemens Credit Warehouse then makes consolidated information on Siemens' commercial customers available internally through a web-based application.
So the program synthesizes commercial receivables data, then shares a holistic view of Siemens' commercial customers through the one global platform. Over 1,500 Siemens employees are now leveraging consolidated information from over 270 Siemens business units around the world. They're able to access up-to-date information about receivables exposures, risk profiles, and credit data on Siemens customers.
T&R: How does this create value for Siemens?
Akhnaton Ngweh: Now Siemens business units are able to make more-informed decisions, work more efficiently, reduce credit information expenses, and collaborate on common challenges.
T&R: OK, how does the Siemens Credit Warehouse help the company make better-informed business decisions?
AN: Various groups within Siemens are using the aggregated information about receivables exposures to better understand the company's relationships with commercial customers and suppliers. Local units can identify the major business partners of Siemens as a whole, and they can communicate with other Siemens entities to understand payment experience and terms for customers they share with other units. So one business unit can avoid extending additional credit to a customer that has a past-due account with another unit.
The Siemens Credit Warehouse team provides internal credit risk ratings to indicate the creditworthiness of Siemens' commercial customers. These risk ratings are based on information obtained from financial reports, external rating agencies, external credit data, and Siemens' customer default experiences. The risk ratings support local credit teams in their day-to-day responsibilities. A customer's rating profile provides a comprehensive, high-level perspective on the customer's overall risk, and the standardized methodologies of the risk ratings help ensure consistent handling and comparisons across Siemens.
By combining this new outlook with their own expertise, local teams can make more-informed decisions. Siemens units are using the risk ratings in areas such as up-front credit approval, collections, and general reserve setting.
T&R: What other benefits does the credit warehouse offer?
AN: Local business units are able to save money on the cost of credit information. Because the credit warehouse makes credit reports and internal risk ratings available on one platform for new and existing commercial customers, units evaluating a commercial customer for the first time can re-use credit information already compiled for other Siemens entities. By using a central platform, we're reducing duplication and optimizing the company's spend on credit information.
The local teams are constantly being challenged to achieve more with tight resources. The risk ratings can help in this regard because they provide a quick, reliable, and cost-effective measure of credit risk. Local business units are able to improve efficiency by incorporating the internally generated credit risk ratings into their existing credit processes. The Siemens Credit Warehouse supports the smooth integration of these risk ratings at the unit level by offering an automated solution that can transfer risk rating information into each business unit's ERP system. An increasing number of Siemens business units are now implementing the automated solution in order to build the risk ratings into their standard processes.
In addition to the Siemens Credit Warehouse credit database, business units connected to the credit warehouse can access a daily rating-change report, which contains up-to-date risk ratings on their customers. This report can be imported automatically into the business unit's SAP ERP system with a specific function. Some IT programming is required on the business unit's side to enable the automated data import.
T&R: You mentioned collaboration, as well. How does the program enable collaboration across Siemens?
AN: Collaboration among local credit teams on the ground, and between those teams and the Siemens Credit Warehouse team, creates new opportunities to raise risk awareness across Siemens. Participating units have begun sharing ideas and discussing their common challenges, and the credit warehouse is enabling those conversations. The Siemens Credit Warehouse group has also organized numerous collaborative education sessions, which have highlighted best practices within Siemens. Local teams are learning from one another, and the exchange of information is promoting process improvement.
There's one other big component of the program that we haven't talked about. The Siemens Credit Warehouse also provides political- and credit-risk protection by purchasing eligible receivables from Siemens business units. Participating business units receive cash, either upon payment by the customer or, in case of customer default, from the Siemens Credit Warehouse. Eligible receivables that are overdue for more than 90 days are treated as defaults. The business unit selling a receivable to the Siemens Credit Warehouse is responsible for servicing activities such as collections and receivables management.
T&R: What challenges did your team—or does your team still—face in convincing business units to use the Siemens Credit Warehouse services?
DS: Our local units have been successful using their own methods to assess credit risk, and they're very knowledgeable about the ins and outs of their own processes. So some of the credit teams at the local level may be reluctant to embrace new concepts such as our internally developed credit risk ratings. The logic behind the risk ratings is still relatively new to the business units.
T&R: What are you doing to encourage adoption of the risk ratings?
DS: Ongoing education is key. The Siemens Credit Warehouse team is learning from the local units, and vice versa. The SCW risk advisory team has been visiting various business units and hosting peer discussions. These sessions are very valuable to the SCW team, as they provide us with feedback and help us align our advisory services and tools with the needs of the business units.
T&R: Where will the Siemens Credit Warehouse program go from here?
DS: The program has come a long way, and its journey of providing value continues. Ongoing communication with the local business units will be essential for the credit warehouse service to remain relevant. This collaboration will pay dividends down the road as the program continues to tailor its services and systems. The future looks promising, as the SCW group and local units continue to work together to unlock the potential of one of Siemens' unique and most important business assets: our receivables data.
For further information on the Siemens Credit Warehouse program, feel free to contact Doug Schoch at firstname.lastname@example.com and Michael Pschiuk at email@example.com.


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Analog Devices CEO Jerry Fishman dies
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SAN FRANCISCOJerry Fishman, longtime CEO of chip vendor Analog Devices Inc. died Thursday (March 28) after an apparent heart attack. He was 67 years old.
Fishman, who became president and chief operating officer of ADI in 1991, had been the longest tenured executive manager of any semiconductor company. He was promoted to CEO in 1996 when Ray Stata, now ADI's chairman, stepped down.
"This is a terrible loss for me personally and for all of us here at ADI," Stata said through a statement. "Jerry dedicated his entire career to building ADI into a great companyone of which we all are enormously proud."
With Fishman at the helm, ADI had a remarkable record of consistent profitability. Walden Rhines, a veteran of the semiconductor industry and longtime CEO of EDA vendor Mentor Graphics Corp., said he couldn't think of a year when ADI lost money. "ADI has one of the longest consistent records of profitability in the semiconductor industry," Rhines said.
Rhines, who met with Fishman frequently, said Fishman leaves a strong legacy in the chip industry. "I think [Fishman] provided the operational discipline that complimented Ray Stata's strategic insight to create a very successful consistently growing organization."
Jim Feldhan, president of market research firm Semico Inc., said Fishman was a nose to the grindstone leader who preferred managing ADI to seeking a wider, more flamboyant industry role with speaking engagements and appearances. "Clearly, he did a fabulous job of running ADI," Feldhan said. "He's been there so long you have to attribute that to his direction."
In accordance with the ADI's bylaws, Vincent Roche, the company's president, was appointed CEO on an interim basis.
"I think Analog Devices faces a major challenge in filling Jerry's shoes since he had guided the company through a number of changes and shifts in the business, especially DSP and signal processing, as well as linear ICs," said Rob Lineback, a senior research analyst at IC Insights Inc.
Lineback said ADI has most recently been focused on applying more R&D to boost its presence in consumer markets and expand in communication infrastructure, such as wireline solutions for control applications and advanced radio architectures for 4G. The company refocused itself in 2007, selling its handset IC business to Taiwan's Mediatek, Lineback noted. Since then, ADI has targeted embedded designs using analog, mixed-signal, and advanced linear in automotive, communication infrastructure, industrial systems and selective consumer applications, Lineback said.
"The problem is that many of Analog Devices' competitorsTI, ST, and othersare doing the same thing today," Lineback said. "With so many irons in the fire, to grow ADI's business in a crowded marketplace, replacing the company's long-time CEO will be a challenge."
Fishman joined ADI in 1971 in product marketing. He rose quickly through the ranks of the company, holding a series of management positions in marketing, operations, and strategic planning. He was named general manager of ADI's semiconductor division in 1979. He became a vice president in 1980 and was named group vice president in 1982 and executive vice president in 1988.
"They say that the best athletes rarely make good coaches, but that was not the case with Jerry Fishman," said
Susie Inouye, an analysts with Databeans Inc. "He had a major talent of being able to rally the troops and provide consistency in communications with the employees, which can be difficult especially with much of the staff off site. I think Fishman will leave a legacy of commitment to the business as well as the employees."


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Clinton's Bob Jensen leaves behind a legacy of kindness
CLINTON—On a fall day more than 45 years ago, the new girl at Clinton Junior High had her books thrown out the window by a group of bullies.
The teacher blamed the girl for not having her books, and she ended up in Principal Bob Jensen's office.
Jensen understood intuitively there was more to the story, and made the new girl feel at ease. He also got the bullies to leave her alone.
Jensen, 75, died Friday at his home in Clinton. Along with his wife, Mary, and three children, Jensen is survived by thousands of acts of kindness.
From 1966 to 1998, he worked for the Clinton School District, first as junior high principal, then as superintendent.
After his retirement, he continued to work in his community, volunteering his time and connecting with people who needed his support.
Julie Knutson, a former Clinton teacher and school board member, said she heard the story of the "new girl" at her book club this week.
"There were six of us there," Knutson said. "Everybody there had a positive experience with him."
There would be very few people who knew Jensen "who wouldn't have experienced his kindness on some level," she said.
And it wasn't just children.
His daughter Jan Jensen-Davis said every Sunday after church she and her siblings would go visiting at the nursing home, taking homemade cards and artwork.
"He would call up in advance and ask about people who didn't have any relatives living nearby," Jensen-Davis said.
Those lonely nursing home residents became extra sets of grandparents, an extension of family.�
Jensen was a prolific artist, both personally and professionally. In a 1975 profile in The Gazette, Jensen said he was at the point where he had to turn down commercial art jobs, "Either that or go into it full time, which I am not interested in at all."
In 1970, Jensen agreed to provide paintings for the bare walls of Meadow Park Nursing Home that had just opened. When those were purchased, he painted more.
His art and creativity were vehicles for his kindness. He made cards of all kinds for people: sick children in the hospital, former students, staff members and those he knew were struggling and needed support.
In 1988, before a trip to Japan, Jensen took up origami. Those animals were added to the cards.
When Knutson's son Kyle was in fourth grade, he got sick and had to stay home for an extended period.
"Bob made him an origami mobile," Knutson said. "It hung in his room for several years."
Deb Ducharme, Jensen's niece, said that he routinely wrote and illustrated books for the children he knew.
"Every birthday I would get a book," Ducharme said. "It featured me—'Debby's adventures.'"
Jensen-Davis remembers her father reading a newspaper story about a girl who was chronically ill. The story encouraged readers to send her cards.
"My dad sent her a card every day," Jensen-Davis said. "I remember going to visit her in the hospital with my brothers and sisters."
Where did all that kindness come from?
Jensen-Davis said her dad's father died when Jensen was 10 years old.
"His mother had to raise him, his twin brother and his older and younger brothers during the Depression," Jensen-Davis said.
In high school, Jensen got a paper route, saved his money and put himself through college. He also put one of his brothers through college.
Both Jensen and his wife were teachers and "lead by example," Jensen-Davis said.
While working at the school district, Jensen was instrumental in establishing the student and teacher exchange program with Tow Iwate-Ken School District in Japan. The exchange continues to this day.
Last updated: 5:41 pm Wednesday, March 26, 2014


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Our Views: Secrecy over fire station burns city of Janesville
Here we are, marking another Sunshine Week, the newspaper industry's annual focus on government transparency, and Janesville is embroiled in a controversy about secrecy.
Madison attorney Bob Dreps, an expert in media law, says the Janesville City Council ignored Wisconsin's open meetings law when it picked a site for a new fire station in closed session last November.
Dreps told reporter Frank Schultz in Friday's Gazette that minutes of that Nov. 25 closed meeting describe policy decisions about how big and where a new Fire Station No. 1 should be, which Dreps said are not allowed as exemptions to the open meetings law. The session's official notice suggested something else—plans to discuss and set bargaining strategies, terms and conditions for potential acquisition of properties for the station.
Council President Kathy Voskuil admitted these latter discussions didn't happen. She told Schultz that the council did not discuss specific homes or their values.
Councilman Matt Kealy, who is seeking re-election to a second term April 1, voted against the plan. Still, he told Schultz he understands the concern about secrecy but didn't think it through.
"Looking back, I guess this could've been a conversation we could have had in public," he said.
No, Matt, make that should have.
This didn't occur in a rural town where officials don't have ready access to counsel and are accustomed to doing the public's business without much scrutiny. Janesville has a professional staff, and its officials should have enough knowledge and savvy to keep the city from getting itself into such an awkward and unacceptable position.
The irony makes it worse. Case law defining what can and can't be discussed in closed sessions emerged from a lawsuit filed about seven years ago by opponents of the ethanol plant in Janesville's neighboring city of Milton.
How does a public official go into a closed session before stopping and saying, "Wait a minute. Do we have to do this behind closed doors?"
Elected officials in towns, villages, cities and counties shouldn't always trust that legal advisers are giving them sound advice. Too often, as Sunshine Week reports suggest, municipal attorneys aren't experts in open government laws.
Those elected must take responsibility and find reasons to keep meetings open instead of closing them. Shutting out the public from every sensitive discussion is simplistic and even arrogant. And just because a body can close a meeting doesn't mean it must.
This knee-jerk close-the-meeting mentality now has bitten Janesville government. The secrecy over the fire station discussion and decision has angered property owners who for months were left unaware that the city might take their homes. Understandably, it also has riled many other residents.
The city finds itself in trouble mainly because it wasn't transparent. The vast majority of those Nov. 25 discussions—if not all of them—should have happened in open session. It's the law. The Gazette and other newspapers write about and advocate for openness constantly. It's exasperating that the message gets ignored.
The Gazette or the district attorney could attempt to make the council pay for its illegal meeting, but that time and money might be better spent elsewhere. Instead, we'll hammer away until it sinks in: If you're an elected official, take time to know the law. Err on the side of openness—always.
�After all, residents elected you as their representative with the expectation that you would keep them in the loop as much as possible. That, also, is what the law requires.


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Janesville native, NASCAR driver Travis Kvapil arrested in North Carolina
MOORESVILLE, N.C.—A NASCAR driver with roots in Janesville was arrested Tuesday night in North Carolina on domestic violence charges, according to police.
Prosecutors have charged Travis W. Kvapil, 37, with assault of a female and false imprisonment for an incident at his home in Mooresville, N.C.
Kvapil grew up in Janesville and graduated from Milton High School in 1994.
Police went to Kvapil's home at 6:51 p.m. Tuesday after a 911 call about a dispute between Kvapil and his wife, according to a news release.
Mooresville police Capt. Joseph Cook said the charge of false imprisonment refers to "restraining someone against their will" but otherwise declined to say what happened in the incident.
Kvapil is now free on bond after a court hearing Wednesday morning, Cook said.
He is next due in court Nov. 19, according to the Iredell County District Attorney's Office.
Cook did not know off the top of his head if police have been called to Kvapil's residence before or if authorities have had any contact with him in the past.
Kvapil raced at Rockford Speedway and Madison International Speedway in the 1990s before moving to NASCAR's Craftsman Truck Series, where he won rookie of the year honors in 2001 and the outright title in 2003.
Kvapil moved to the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series, the sport's highest level, in 2004 and now drives for BK Racing.
The team posted a photo on its Twitter account Wednesday afternoon showing a sticker on Kvapil's car promoting Domestic Violence Awareness Month, according to Charlotte, N.C., television station WBTV. The tweet was later deleted.
A BK Racing representative told another Charlotte station, WCNC, that the team had no comment on Kvapil's arrest.


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Faces that fit
Around 100 times a day customers and art aficionados are greeted on the phone with the words "Hello, Kunsthaus Zurich...", some want information about an exhibition, while others would like to discuss something with the Kunsthaus management. We, the telephonists Rosmarie Greinacher, Alexandra Koller and Franziska Schedle, are the faces behind the voices.
Our workplace, which we share on a part-time basis, can be found in the Winkelwiese on the first floor of the Villa Tobler, a magnificent art nouveau building with a view over the rooftops of the old town and the lake of Zurich. We can be reached by customers Monday to Friday from 8 a.m. to 12 p.m. and from 1.15 p.m. to 5 p.m. But our duties don't stop with answering the telephone; we are also responsible for post, distribution of fax messages and e-mails, ordering office and printing materials, processing registrations for workshops on current exhibitions for young and old alike, billing and welcoming collectors, suppliers, advertising agencies, journalists and all those who have appointments with our colleagues.
When dealing with phone queries or greeting guests we see ourselves as the public face of the Kunsthaus, as a window onto the world of art. We do our best, in French, German and Italian, to ensure that our customers receive a friendly and efficient service and to contribute towards the public image of the Kunsthaus as a warm, welcoming and professional institution.
Naturally, the majority of the information which we are asked for can already be found on the Kunsthaus web site, but many callers value personal contact. We are there for you even outside of opening hours – the recorded message provides up-to-date details of all current exhibitions and events.


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If you are interested in the law, specifically intellectual property, compliance, litigation, technology and what is going on inside the boardroom, look no further. Here at InsideCounsel, we have all the news you need to know about these topics and more. Here, then, are seven of the biggest stories we have covered recently so you can keep up with all the news that is fit to print!
For the first time in the company's history, Target has appointed an outsider as its CEO. Effective August 12, Brian Cornell, a former PepsiCo Inc. executive, will try to turn around Target's year of lost customer confidence and store traffic. During the holiday season of 2013, a massive data breach caused the theft of over 40 million payment card numbers and 70 million other pieces of customer data. The event unsurprisingly had a chilling effect on business. Cornell will also attempt to pick up Target's failed expansion into Canada. Last year, Target opened over 120 stores and three distribution centers in Canada, which has already cost the company over $1.6 billion in damages. Cornell has already met top executives. Afterwards, Cornell expressed, "Target is full of talented individuals, and Target guests routinely share stories of their personal love of the brand. These are powerful assets."
Evolution of regulation
The financial crisis of 2008 had a tremendous impact on the political and business landscape. James Odell, now a partner at Blank Rome LLP had a front row seat for these events, as he held high-ranking positions in the legal departments of various large international banks during the collapse. Odell recently spoke with InsideCounsel to discuss the changes he has seen in the regulatory landscape over the past 14 years. "What characterized 2001-2005," he says, "was that other regulators and law enforcement folks were stepping into a vacuum. State attorneys general were ramping up their focus, really for the first time, and we were dealing with people outside of normal regulatory relationships."
And now, six years later, Odell sees a strong focus on financial services. "From where I sit, there is continued focus on the fallout from the financial crisis, continued rulemaking that has to be done as a result of Dodd-Frank." He sees higher stakes, including anti-money laundering sanctions, regulations on international banks and more. Odell sees some of the overriding principles, such as better transparency and disclosure in the marketplace, as beneficial, as banks did not have the information they needed during the crisis, and transparency and disclosure should help improve that situation. Odell also points out that communication between banks and regulators is essential, as is education about regulatory trends and changes. With proper cooperation between regulators and banks, there is a good chance that the kind of crisis seen in 2008 will not happen again.
Conflicting rulings on Obamacare q's
Conflicting rulings related to the Affordable Care Act from two neighboring federal appeals courts may put Obamacare at further risk. The two decisions were both released in July, and the conflict may eventually make its way to the Supreme Court. When asked about the decisions, Steve Friedman, a healthcare attorney and co-chair of the Employee Benefits Practice Group at Littler Mendelson, said, "Wait and see is probably what the best advice … right now." "It remains to be seen what types of rulings we're going to see down the road," Friedman added. "A large part of the Affordable Care Act becomes inoperative if other circuits [or the Supreme Court] rule this way." For instance, it was striking that just a few hours after Halbig was released, the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals, located in Richmond, Va., upheld the IRS rule in King v. Burwell. Meanwhile, it was reported that Obama administration lawyers will appeal the decision in Halbig v. Burwell to the full D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals. When it comes to advice to general counsel, Larry Vernaglia, a health care lawyer with Foley & Lardner, said, they should be "following these cases – at least for their broad impact. If the DC Court of Appeals decision ultimately stands, it could mean, at least, that there will be an increase in the number of uninsured, low-income patients in markets where the states have not implemented an exchange. Of course, this outcome could be some time in the future. Until that time, health care organizations should also be prepared to submit friend of the court ("amicus") briefs detailing both the legal and practical impact of these decisions."
McDonald's joint employment
Following allegations that the franchises of parent company McDonalds USA LLC violated the rights of employees to protest employment conditions, the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) has ruled that McDonald's, USA, LLC is a joint employer and bears some responsibility for the complaints. The move could have wide-ranging implications on the potential unionization of fast food workers, and authorizes complaints against the multibillion-dollar McDonald's parent company rather than individual franchisers. McDonald's has previously contended that because many of those employed under the company's name are on the books as workers of the franchise rather than the parent company, they are not responsible for labor issues at individual locations. According to the New York Times, roughly 90 percent of the workers at McDonald's restaurants are employed by franchises, temp agencies or contractors. This move could make workers employees of a single corporation, and theoretically pave the way for unionization.
Comic-con clash
Comic Con International: San Diego (known colloquially as the San Diego Comic-Con or SDCC) just wrapped up after four days of intense pop culture insanity, including movie trailers, comic announcements and celebrity appearances. While SDCC is the best known such event on the planet, the event, which has been held annually for over 40 years, is certainly not the only comic book convention in the country. Comic cons (as they are known) are held almost every weekend. Some are small enough to fit in a Knights of Columbus hall, while others, like New York Comic Con, attract over a hundred thousand fans. Now, though, the lawyers who represent SDCC have decided to send a cease and desist letter to the organizers of the Salt Lake Comic Con (SLCC), accusing them of trademark infringement. The attorneys representing SDCC are asking for damages and an injunction forbidding the future use of the term "Comic Con," though they are reportedly willing to forgo the damages if SLCC drops the term. The US Patent and Trademark Office denied SDCC a trademark for "Comic Con" though they did approve "Comic-Con." SDCC also tried and failed to block the Chicago Comic Con from using the term.
Apple illegally forgoes work breaks
On July 21, Judge Ronald S. Prager of the Superior Court of California granted class action status in a labor and employment case for nearly 21,000 retail employees and workers at Apple's California corporate headquarters. The employees had complained that the tech giant had not provided timely meal and rest breaks, and often, employees were denied breaks at all. California law stipulates that employers are required to offer a 30-minute meal break within the first five hours of a worker's day, a 10-minute rest break every four hours, and a second rest break for shifts that run between six and 10 hours. The suit claimed that Apple's working conditions "allow Apple to invoke fear" in employees so that "if they so much as discuss the various labor policies, they run the risk of being fired, sued or disciplined." The class has not yet made financial demands in the case, and Apple has issued no comment on the pending litigation.
FCC troubled by Verizon
On July 30, consumers received support from perhaps an unexpected place: the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). In a letter to Verizon, FCC chairman Tom Wheeler questioned part of Verizon's plan to cap speeds for heavy data users during times of high demand. In the letter, Wheeler questioned why Verizon's current plan only applies to customers on an unlimited data plan. Recently, many network carriers, including Verizon, have turned away from unlimited data plans in favor of data caps or usage-based pricing. Wheeler said that this move could unfairly steer customers from the unlimited plans they have held for so long, forcing them to select data caps in order to maintain Internet speed. The FCC is still currently devising rules concerning how network providers can manage data on their networks. Although many technology companies have called for net neutrality, Verizon and other providers seek the ability to make deals and provide some companies with a speedier service.


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A modern-day slave's second chance
The International Labor Organization estimates that at least 20.9 million men, women, and children around the world suffer in forced labor, though the actual number could be closer to 27 million. Further, 55 percent of victims of forced labor are women, and girls comprise 98 percent of sex trafficking victims.
Chanty* was one of them -- but now she has a second chance.
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Nine years ago, a wealthy foreigner lured 12-year-old Chanty into a trap. She was a street child, collecting garbage to sell, like so many of Cambodia's poor. A landmine had killed her mother four years earlier; her father was ill.
"I couldn't go to school," Chanty says. "I had to think about food first."
A Russian foreigner was kind to Chanty and gave her a treasure trove of empty cans to recycle. He asked Chanty and a few of her friends to take a boat ride to an island off Sihanoukville, a popular tourist destination. Once there, he raped them.
Chanty never told her father, who died the following year. Orphaned at 13, Chanty began working as a waitress. But that job, too, turned out to be a ruse: She was subsequently forced into the sex trade. Her body still bears the scars.
In 2007, Chanty's achieved her freedom through the legal system: The 46-year-old Russian, Alexander Trofimov, was arrested for hiring prostitutes. Authorities called on Chanty to testify.
World Vision's trauma recovery center in Phnom Penh, Cambodia's capital city, took her in for protection and therapy. But at the center, Chanty had a temper, her emotions raging. "I threw a clay pot," she recalls.
Learning was a struggle, so the center provided her with private tutoring.
Chanty's housemother, with whom she battled ferociously, introduced her to a Baptist church. Chanty had no interest in church, but went just to escape the center.
And that was where she had an epiphany. "One day, I realized that the preacher was telling my own story," she says. "That's how I became a Christian."
Now, at 21, Chanty can look back on her time at the center gratefully. World Vision supported her in finding the perfect job at a Phnom Penh bakery, where she now bakes and decorates beautiful cakes.
And best of all, through her church, she met the man of her dreams. "He's kind," she says. "He supports me emotionally."
In 2008, Chanty's testimony helped put Alexander Trofimov behind bars in Cambodia's largest-ever pedophilia case. In 2010, his many convictions were consolidated into an eight-year prison sentence.
But a year later, Alexander Trofimov was pardoned. Not long after, he returned to Cambodia, a free man, visiting his development on the tourist destination, Snake Island.
"He had been in jail, but the king forgave him," Chanty says. "I wanted him in jail, as the court said."
Chanty was not alone. Alexander Trofimov had also made Interpol's wanted list. World Vision and 13 other nongovernmental organizations in Cambodia petitioned the Kingdom of Cambodia to revoke Trofimov's visa. In June 2012, he was arrested at the home of a teenage girl and deported to Russia; Interpol arrested him at the airport.
Today, Chanty and her husband are expecting a child: Elijah if a boy, Manna if a girl. "I want to raise my child with my belief in my Lord Jesus," she says.
Chanty has dreams for her career, too. "I want to start my own shop in the countryside or in the city."
She echoes Jeremiah 29 when she considers her future. "God has a great plan for me," she says. "That's how I became who I am today. I know I was transformed by Him."
Yesterday's headstrong girl has transformed from selfish to selfless. When asked what she would like prayers for, her answer is surprising. "Instead of me, pray for the children of Cambodia, that they will have the courage to live and the strength to survive," she says.
"That they would know that the Lord is with them."
* Name changed to protect identity.
Child sponsorship is the cornerstone of World Vision's approach to community development. Join us! Change a child's life for good. Sponsoring a child helps provide life-saving basics, as well as protection from abuse and exploitation. Consider sponsoring a child today!
You can also make a one-time donation to help provide safety for a formerly exploited child like Chanty.


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Onsite Coverage: Mortgage Loan Originators Face New Standards, Training, Disclosures
NATIONAL HARBOR, Md. – New CFPB regulations for mortgage loan originators, effective Jan. 10, 2014, will require credit unions to expand the screening of new hires, provide periodic training and disclose originator information on loan documents.
JiJi Bahhur, NAFCU regulatory compliance counsel, reviewed the new rules with attendees at the trade's Regulatory Compliance School on Thursday.
Also Read:
Checklist for CFPB QM Compliance
The new loan originator rules apply to any credit union employee who, in general, is compensated for taking a mortgage application for a closed-end loan secured by a member's dwelling.
Employees who assist in applications for home equity lines of credit are excluded from the rule, according to NAFCU's handouts.
Loan originators must be licensed under the SAFE Act; however, Bahhur said unlicensed originators can still meet CFPB qualifications if a credit union documents that they have passed a criminal background check, meet credit report standards, and have no administrative, civil or criminal determinations.
Originators must also meet specific financial responsibility, character and general fitness standards.
To determine these standards have been met, Bahhur said credit unions must not only document criminal checks and credit reports, but also search for current outstanding judgments, tax liens, nonpayment or child support, or any pattern of bankruptcies, foreclosures or delinquencies.
Credit unions must also consider any acts of unfairness or dishonesty, and any disciplinary actions taken against the employee, Bahhur said.
No single factor will automatically disqualify a loan originator, the NAFCU compliance attorney said. Rather, an originator's qualification standards must be taken as a whole. An exception would be a conviction for any felony over the past seven years, or conviction of a fraud-related felony at any time, she added.
Bahhur stressed that the regulation only applies to new hires. Loan originators hired before Jan. 10, 2013, are considered to be in compliance with the reg if they passed other screening regulations in effect at their hire date.
Periodic training rules apply to all originators, regardless of when they were hired. Originators must also disclose their name and Nationwide Mortgage Licensing System and Registry ID on loan documents.
Director of Regulatory Compliance Steve Van Beek said the new combined TILA/RESPA disclosures will include a specific place to disclose originator information. However, because the TILA/RESPA rule has not yet been finalized, he said credit unions must disclose the originator information in the loan document.


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RT PCR contamination.
Discussion of all aspects of biological molecules, biochemical processes and laboratory procedures in the field.
Moderator: BioTeam
3 posts • Page 1 of 1
RT PCR contamination.
I am running a reverse transcription PCR (cDNA synthesis) and am getting contamination.
Currently I run two negative controls, a -RT and a -template control, both of which are firing.
I have changed everything (New; DTT, dNTPs, Primers, water{Sterile MQ}, RNase out, buffer) and have not found the contamination, I have confirm the negatives are firing by endpoint PCR with primers designed to span an intron (therefore I no there is cDNA/RNA in my negatives). I have subsequently run a negative with -template and -RT and that still fired. Thus leading me to believe there must be contamination of a previous sample (or something along the similar lines).
There have been a few other we experiments that I have tried that have improved this situation. My supervisor suggest maybe there is contamination of the amplicon I am testing. We use b-actin as a control for a lot of experiments so it is plausible but I find it difficult to believe when in my endpoint PCR I got the negative for that experiment to be negative, I figure if the amplicon can contaminate my cDNA synthesis then it has the same potential to contaminate my PCR.
Any suggestions on what I may be doing wrong? Could there something wrong with my technique?
I am currently clean very vigirously (bleach, H2O2, UV and ethanol), and will run another PCR with a different primer set to test the theory of my supervisor.
Investigate tubes, tips, pipets, and such for contamination. Obtain (make/borrow/buy) new controls and run them along with the old ones. Use all new reagents in case it was pipet contamination and your "new" reagents are already contaminated…
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Dane Grenawalt, Beloit (1939-2014)
October 21, 1939 - May 2, 2014
Dane Grenawalt, 74, of Beloit, WI, died Friday, May 2, 2014 in his home. He was born October 21, 1939 in Monroe, WI, the son of Leroy and Mardell (Richards) Grenawalt. Dane grew up on a farm in the Orfordville area and attended a one room school house "Pioneer School" in Orfordville, WI. He married Donna M. Wyngaard on June 30, 1967 in Freeport, IL. She predeceased him on June 14, 1997. Dane was formerly employed by Yates America and retired from Interpace. He attended classes by Mr. Cha's Tae Kwon Do and received his 3rd Degree Black Belt and was also an instructor. Dane enjoyed spending time with his family, gardening, camping, Native American Pow Wow's, rondevous, traveling, going to festivals and parades, and helping out the less fortunate.
Survivors include his son, Daniel (Karen Bowersock) Grenawalt of Beloit, WI; five daughters: Kathy (Tim) Tuttle, Donna (Kip) Gusner, Dana (Bob) Sympson, Wendy (George "Spud") Madru and Amber (Paul) Barrows all of Beloit, WI; 16 grandchildren: Jason, Veronica, Amanda, Stephanie, Janean, Robert, Jennifer, Justin, Kaylynn, Whitney, Alex, Karissa, Sue Ellen, Chad, Sebastian, and Trinity; 15 great grandchildren and one on the way: Hunter, Austin, Dallas, Shyann, Dakota, Kory Jr., Hannah, Halas, Tristan, Tatym, Tierney, Nick, Ladina, Noah and Nevaya; sisters, Joan Graham of Janesville, WI, and Carole (Joe) Knapp of LaVonia, MI; numerous nieces and nephews; and special friend, Valerie Melson. He was predeceased by his parents, siblings; infant sister, Deloris, Eileen Story and Lester Grenawalt, granddaughter, Danielle Grenawalt; and son-in-law Robert Sympson Sr.
Funeral service will be 1:30 p.m. Wednesday, May 7, 2014 in the DALEY MURPHY WISCH & ASSOCIATES FUNERAL HOME AND CREMATORIUM, 2355 Cranston Road, Beloit, WI, with Pastor Jason Turner officiating. Burial will be in Floral Lawns Memorial Gardens, South Beloit, IL. Visitation will be from 5 to 7 p.m. Tuesday in the funeral home.
Online condolences may be sent to the family at www.daleymurphywisch.com


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Seattle Seahawks tried to land Peyton Manning when he was a free agent
JERSEY CITY, N.J. – One morning in the offseason of 2012, Seattle coach Pete Carroll's phone rang early.
On the other end was perhaps the most coveted free agent in NFL history, Peyton Manning.
"He gave me a call, woke me up one morning," Carroll said. "Jumped out of bed and (said), 'OK, let's go. What's up Peyton?' So we started talking."
Like every other team that had a need at quarterback, the Seahawks were interested in Manning after the Colts cut him. Word of Seattle's interest reached Manning, who made the call to Carroll himself.
That's what led to Carroll telling the story about the Seahawks' pursuit of Manning a couple years ago.
"Well, it was brief," Carroll joked.
Seattle wasn't the right fit for Manning, and they didn't last too long in the race to land him. And strangely enough, it might have been a hidden blessing for the Seahawks. They drafted Russell Wilson in the third round that year. Manning has a $15 million base salary. Wilson made a little more than $526,000 this season. With that extra money to spend the Seahawks built a great roster and ended up in the Super Bowl against Denver, the team Manning eventually picked.
But hey, it was exciting to try to woo Manning for the short time he was listening.
"We tried to get involved with that to see if there was a next stage of the process, and there wasn't," Carroll said. "It was very brief. It was fun for a while, with the magnitude of the player, and the background, and all of that."
Manning had his own Carroll story. Years ago Manning had to be in Southern California for a commitment during the summer and wanted to work out, so he asked then-USC coach Carroll if he could work out with his players. Manning figured that he would just jump into whatever drills the USC players had already planned to do. There were eight receivers, four tight ends and four running backs all stretched and ready when Manning arrived.
"I said, 'What routes do you want to run?'" Manning said. "They said, 'No, Coach Carroll said we are going to throw whatever routes you want to run. This is going to be your workout.'"
Manning appreciated it. It just wasn't enough for him to pick the Seahawks when they showed interest.
"You can only pick one team to go play for," Manning said. "It reminded me of college somewhat, that you would like to play for a lot of teams. Go play for this team for a year, maybe give this team four or five games and bounce around. It's not the way it works; you have to pick a team."
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Occupation: Construction Project Manager
Results: Lost 36 pounds of fat. Gained 5 pounds of muscle *
You can now submit your Challenge information online.The new online entry process allows you to begin entering Challenge and essay information, save it, and finish entering later. The registration process only takes a minute, but the changes you'll see after your 12-week transformation will last a lifetime.
The Body-for-LIFE e-newsletter keeps you up to date with exciting news going on with Body-for-LIFE Success Stories, new products, cardio and weight training articles and delicious recipes that are healthy!
© Abbott Laboratories,2014


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Agnes C. Olson Sharp Buroker, Janesville, WI (1928-2013)
December 7, 1928 - December 8, 2013
Agnes C. Olson Sharp Buroker, age 85, of Janesville, died peacefully on Sunday, Dec. 8, 2013, at Cozy Lil Acres, Janesville. She was born in Crawford County, on Dec. 7, 1928, the daughter of Odin and Clara (Nundahl) Olson. She was one of ten children. Agnes married Earl Sharp in Viroqua on July 10, 1946, and he preceded her in death on Jan. 8, 1964. They had six children together. She married Clifford Buroker on June 17. 1967, in Beloit, and he preceded her in death on Oct. 3, 2011. Clifford and Agnes were snowbirds and spent 23 years in Florida. She had been employed by Piggly Wiggly and retired in January of 1984. She was a former member of Peace Evangelical Lutheran Church, a current member of Mt. Calvary Lutheran Church, and the Loyal Order of Moose.
Agnes is survived by her son, Russell (Margie) Sharp of Orfordville; four daughters: Cathy (Gary) Melby of South Beloit, Sandra (Richard) Krueger, Lecia (Dale) Heitsman, both of Janesville; stepdaughter, Sandra (Mike) Barbour of Lizella, GA; stepson, Sherman (Judy) Buroker of Beloit; 19 grandchildren; 15 great-grandchildren; three brothers: Clifford (Mary) Olson, Ervan and Orland Olson; one sister, Mildred Tollefson; and two sisters-in-law, Alberta Joseph and Betty Hamilton; numerous nieces and nephews. She was preceded in death by her parents; husbands; four sons: Roger Sharp and Ricky Sharp, twin sons, Elton and Edwin; brother, Robert Olson; and sisters, Bennetta Nelson, Helen Erickson, Selma Sharp and Anna Ewers.
A Funeral Service will be held at 11 a.m. on Thursday, Dec. 12, 2013, at MT. CALVARY LUTHERAN CHURCH with Rev. Cory Rajek officiating. A visitation will be held on Thursday from 10 until 11 a.m. at the CHURCH. Interment will be in Milton Lawns Memorial Park. SCHNEIDER APFEL SCHNEIDER & SCHNEIDER FUNERAL HOME & CREMATORY is assisting the family. For on-line condolences and registry: www.schneiderfuneraldirectors.com
Our family would like to thank the Cozy Lil Acres staff and the owners, Mary and Jodelle for the wonderful care they gave Mom. Also Mt. Calvary's Pastor Cory Rajek and sister Jan for their many visits.


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Olympic medalists Dawn Harper (silver) and Kellie Wells (bronze) went on NBC Sports Network, and the conversation quickly turned to Lolo Jones.
Based on the clip below, it looks like Harper and Wells think they should be getting some of the media attention that Lolo gets. Wells also takes a little jab at Lolo's work ethic, saying, "Well, I think that, on the podium tonight, the three girls that earned their spot and they got their medals and they worked hard and did what they needed to do, prevailed."
The interview ends with Harper saying, "Boom, just like that." And the host Michelle Beadle replying, "You can cut the tension in here with a knife."
The transcript (via SB Nation) is below, but you should watch the whole thing to get the full extent of the awkwardness:
Beadle: You thought you weren't getting enough respect ... Why is that?
Harper: I feel I had a pretty good story -- knee surgery two months before Olympic trials in 2008, to make the team but 0.007, not have a contract ... working three jobs, living in a frat house, trying to make it work. Coming off running in someone else's shoes getting the gold medal. Ehhh, I'd say I was pretty interesting. I just felt as if I worked really hard to represent my country in the best way possible, and to come way with the gold medal, and to honestly seem as if, because their favorite [CLOSE UP ON LOLO JONES FROM TUESDAY NIGHT] didn't win all of sudden it's just like, 'Were going to push your story aside, and still gonna push this one.' That hurt. It did. It hurt my feelings. But I feel as if I showed I can deal with the pressure, I came back, and I think you kinda got to respect it a little bit now.
Beadle [to Harper and Kellie Wells]: You guys kinda hang out together ... Is there fighting amongst the team -- we're talking about Lolo Jones if you can't figure this out -- is there an awkward situation or now that it's over we've all just moved on?
Wells: Well, I think that, on the podium tonight, the three girls that earned their spot and they got their medals and they worked hard and did what they needed to do, prevailed. And that's all that really needs to be said.
Beadle: Wow.
Harper: BOOM! Just like that.
Beadle: You can cut the tension in here with a knife.


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😭------------------------------------------------- - I'm lucky enough to live by the beach on the central Oregon Coast. I love to take pictures and always have my camera in my pocket, just in case. I'm totally impressed by all the awesome pictures posted here and it's fun with all the comments and rating. The feedback on my photos are also very much appreciated.-Kristina
Uploaded by: kristinarinell
Wednesday December 5, 2012
Caption: East Devils Lake Rd is flooded after heavy rains
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John C. Dowell, Eau Claire, WI (1955-2014)
September 11, 1955 - February 13, 2014
John C. Dowell, 58, of Eau Claire, died peacefully after a long and courageous battle with Huntington's disease on Feb. 13, 2014, at Lifestyles Adult Family Home in Menomonie, surrounded by his family. John, son of Mavis (Jensen) and John Dowell, was born on Sept. 11, 1955, in Janesville, WI. John attended UWEC where he played football for four years for the Blugolds. He married his wife, Vicki, on Aug. 18, 1982, in Eau Claire. John was a partner in MSC, Inc. and Resource Management, Debt Management Companies, until the onset of Huntington's disease.
John was an athlete at heart and grew up on a baseball and football field. After college football, he played softball and racquetball. He cherished the friendships he made throughout his life in these communities. He transferred his passion for athletics into coaching youth sports. He taught them the value of teamwork and always reinforced the idea that with hard work came success. He took great pride when his players began to realize their potential. However, he took most pride in watching his own sons play, grow, and apply the life lessons they learned in the process. John was a family man and loved spending time with his wife and sons. As the boys grew older, John spent endless time at the cottage on Lake Holcombe. Fishing and just being on the lake with family, friends, and his beloved dogs, Tank and Darby, were his favorite pastimes.
John is survived by his wife, Vicki; two sons, Luke and Jake (Carly); two sisters, Denise (Rick) Larson and Connie (Steve) Tatge; four brothers: Dennis, David, Brett and Bryce Brecklin; and numerous cousins, nieces, and nephews. John was preceded in death by his father, mother, and stepfather, Henry Brecklin.
John's family wants to thank Matt and Cindy Berry for their loving care of John to the end and also want to thank the Mayo Hospice team for their incredible support.
In lieu of flowers, the family is requesting that donations be made to Huntington's Disease Society of America (HDSA) in John's name.
Visitation will take place at ST. JOHN'S LUTHERAN CHURCH, 1804 Highland Avenue, Eau Claire, WI, 54701 on Monday morning one hour prior to the service. Memorial services will take place at 11 a.m. on Monday, Feb. 17, 2014, at ST. JOHN'S LUTHERAN CHURCH with Pastor Nathan Aaseng officiating. Inurnment will take place at a later date in Lakeview Cemetery in Eau Claire.
Friends and family may offer condolences online at www.fullerspeckienhulke.com. FULLER SPECKIEN HULKE FUNERAL HOME, 3209 Rudolph Road, Eau Claire, WI, 54701 is assisting the family with the arrangements.


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Mercury Outboard ONLY, 2.5-250HP 2001-2014 Repair Manual 2 Stroke, All Engines, Includes Fuel Injection & Jet Drives - Seloc
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Part # 1418 covers all 2.5-250 Hp, 1-6 cylinders, 2-stroke models; includes Fuel Injection and Jet Drives.
See exact table of contents and index for Seloc Repair Manual #1418.
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