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Impact of burn-in testing on power supply reliability
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Users of power supply products demand increasingly higher levels of reliability and performance. Although the suppliers of individual components can confidently provide impressive life and reliability data, the compound effect on overall reliability when a large number of individual components are combined in a module such as a power supply can be significant. Perhaps more important for product reliability is the quality and repeatability of the assembly process. Solder joints, connectors and mechanical fixings are all potential origins for product failure. In use, operating temperature and other environmental factors also affect the life and reliability of a power supply.
Burn-in and various other forms of life and stress testing help provide the data to enable power supply manufacturers to continually improve the reliability of their products. When analyzed correctly and fed back into the design and assembly process, the accumulated data can be used to optimize the test and burn-in process.
The burn-in process
The purpose of the burn-in process for power supplies which have passed initial manufacturing test is to weed out infant mortalities as seen in the first portion of the well-known bathtub curve of failure rate versus operating time (Figure 1). These early life failures may be due to latent intrinsic faults within bought-in components, marginal workmanship errors or latent faults induced in components by inappropriate handling such as ESD damage. Note that there are no absolutes in the world of reliability testing; only probabilities and confidence levels for large populations so there is never a guarantee that all infant mortalities are caught by the burn-in process.
Over many years the conventional approach to power supply burn-in has involved running products at an elevated temperature, often the maximum-rated operating temperature, where the rate of appearance of latent defects is assumed to be accelerated. The supplies are run under full load with power cycling and the input voltage is run at either maximum or minimum to provide either maximum voltage stress or maximum current stress, depending on the design topology.
Care in the choice of conditions is necessary because some components in some topologies can see more stress at light loads, such as snubber networks in variable-frequency converters. Some ingenuity can also be applied. For example, if a product is intended to operate normally with forced air, it could be run in still air at light load and still achieve comparable temperature stress levels of the hottest components. However, without the heat spreading effect of the forced air, other components might see very little stress under these conditions.
A technique sometimes used by Murata Power Solutions, dependent on the product topology, is to burn-in products into outputs cycled between short and open circuit. This can apply an appropriate current-stress level while exercising the inbuilt protection circuitry on short circuit and imposing a high-voltage stress level to many components on open circuit. There is a major benefit in the fact that the power in the short- or open-circuit load is theoretically zero, although practically the short might be applied by a MOSFET dissipating a few watts.
This method alleviates the real problem of energy wasted in burn-in loads. However, some types of component stresses are not applied with this method because the overall power supplied by the unit might be low and therefore self-heating may be low. An elevated ambient temperature will compensate for this in part, perhaps using the waste heat from the burn-in loads.


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Trick Lock 3
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Our Trick Locks are made from resistant and high quality metal, just like the real thing. The goal, as you might expect is to find the secret to unlock it. The design of the puzzle is quite unique and unusual, even for a Trick Lock, consisting of two keyholes and two identical keys. The Trick Lock 3 is the third of five versions in our PuzzleMaster Trick Lock collection.
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Get the facts about arrythmia, inclding the types, symptoms and causes.
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- Deep Vein Thrombosis Facts about deep vein thrombosis (DVT), including symptoms & causes.
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- Erectile Dysfunction Facts about erectile dysfunction (ED), including causes.
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About Dr. Reed Wilson
Dr. Reed Wilson, MD is a Doctor primarily located in Beverly Hills, CA. He has 37 years of experience. His specialties include Cardiovascular Disease and Internal Medicine. Dr. Wilson is affiliated with Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. Dr. Wilson has received 3 awards. He speaks English.
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Winners named in downtown Janesville window decorating contest
Gazette staff
Thursday, January 2, 2014
The Janesville Downtown Development Alliance recently held a snowman-themed window decorating contest for downtown businesses.
Each window was required to have a snowman, and judging was based on creativity, craftsmanship, originality and visual impact.
Winners are:
-- First place-Once Junky Now Funky, 33 S. Main St.
-- Second place-Combs and Associates, 109 W. Milwaukee St.
-- Third place-Boys & Girls Club, 200 W. Court St.
Honorable mentions were awarded to BMO Harris Bank, Pinky's Boutique, Jax Custom Printing, R.W. Baird & Co. and Alternative Photo Design.


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Virginia M. Dorn, Elkhorn, WI (1932 - 2014)
October 30, 1932 - March 16, 2014
Virginia M. Dorn, age 81, of Elkhorn, WI, died at Aurora Lakeland Medical Center on Sunday, March 16, 2014, surrounded by her family. Virginia was born on Oct. 30, 1932, daughter of the late John and Erma Huesser in Elkhorn, WI. Virginia was married in Elkhorn, on Nov. 25, 1949, to her husband, Fremon Dorn.
Virginia is survived by her husband; three children: Jeannine (Raymond) Kayser of Elkhorn, WI, Rhonda (Steven) Smith of Muskego, WI, and Michael Dorn of Elkhorn; five grandchildren: Randy (Mary) Kayser, Quentin (Rebecca) Kayser, Jamzie (Anthony) Willis, Lindsay (Adam) Zimpelmann, and Callan Smith; five great-grandchildren: Shane, Jordan, and Chandler Kayser, Nashella Smith, and Camron Willis; and two sisters, Marlene (William) Liner and Judy Copeland. Virginia was preceded in death by her parents; two brothers, Theodore and Hilbert Heusser; and one great-granddaughter, Camia Willis.
A visitation for Virginia will be held at the FIRST EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH, 415 Devendorf Street, Elkhorn, WI, from 12 p.m. until 1 p.m. on Friday March 21, 2014. A memorial service will follow the visitation at the CHURCH at 1 p.m. In lieu of flowers, memorials may be made out to the School at First Evangelical Lutheran Church in Virginia's name. Online guest registry can be found at www.haaselockwoodfhs.com. HAASE-LOCKWOOD & ASSOCIATES FUNERAL HOMES AND CREMATORY of Elkhorn, assisted the family with the arrangements.


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An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2017
Corregend Early Origins
Fermanagh (Irish: Fear Manach) in the southwestern part of Northern Ireland, Province of Ulster, in Ulster, where they are known to have been located since the 9th century. This family was related to the Maguires, and both families claim descent from the three Collas, who were Irish kings during the 4th century. Those of the Corregend family is now scattered widely across Ireland, with the exception of Munster, where they are uncommon. The dispersion of the family had already taken place by the 16th century, when bearers of the name were recorded in the counties of Meath, Monaghan, Offaly and Roscommon. Petty's census of 1659, lists Corrigan and O'Corrigan as among the most common names in the counties of Fermanagh, Longford and Offaly.
Corregend Spelling Variations
Corregend Spelling Variations
Spelling variations of this family name include: Carrigan, Caragan, Caraghen, Carigan, Carignan, Carragan, O'Carrigan, Corrigan, Corigan, O'Corrigan, Corigon, Corrigon, Corrigen, Korrigan, Korigan, Currigan, Courigan, Currigen, Kurrigan, Corregan, Coregan, Corigen, Korrigen, Korigen, Kurigan and many more.
Corregend Early History
Corregend Early History
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Corregend research. Another 219 words (16 lines of text) covering the years 1839, 1902, 1802, 1880 and 1866 are included under the topic Early Corregend History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Corregend Early Notables (pre 1700)
Corregend Early Notables (pre 1700)
Another 33 words (2 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Corregend Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
The Great Migration
The Great Migration
Some of the first settlers of this family name or some of its variants were: Hugh Corrigan, a bonded passenger who arrived in America in 1750; James Corrigan, a convict sent from Middlesex county, England to American in 1764; Andrew Corrigan, who came to New York, NY in 1816.
Corregend Family Crest Products
Corregend Family Crest Products
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The Corregend Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Corregend Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 6 June 2014 at 11:16.
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PSX is a PHP framework for creating RESTful APIs. It helps you to build clean URLs serving Web standard formats like JSON, XML, Atom, and RSS. It includes a handler system that abstracts away SQL queries from domain logic, a routing system that executes correct controller method for the location of the controller and the method annotation, and a flexible data system that converts database records into formats like JSON, XML, Atom, and RSS. A lightweight DI container handles dependencies. The controller supports request and response filters that can modify the HTTP request or response, and filters are provided for Basic and Oauth authentication.
SuperSimpleNews is a news script for Web sites. It doesn't require a database, since all news articles are stored in simple CSV files. It includes a password protected administrative backend for adding, editing, and deleting articles. widgEditor is used for editing the text. Example scripts are included to get you setup quickly. RSS support is included by default.
Gaze is a lightweight Gmail checker that sits in the system tray and notifies you of new messages in your inbox. You can configure how often the program will use the ROME API to check the Atom RSS feed for your inbox, as well as optional combined notifications, custom browser actions, theming, and more.
psx tracker is a torrent tracker designed as a private tracker. There is no public registration. Only administrators and moderators can create an account. This tracker was developed to share big files with friends over the Internet. The tracker lacks a ratio system, so all users can seed or leech how they like. psx tracker has an easy-to-use user managment system and you can access the torrents via an RSS feed.
An IDE for HTML, Bash, Perl, PHP, C, etc.
Geographic Information System


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11 Festive Ways To Eat Through the 4th of July
We're all entitled to our own opinions, but food is arguably the best part of any holiday. See, eating our way through this sort of celebration is an automatic win-win– we're happy, our stomach's are happy, everyone's happy.
So there's really no better way to prep for the upcoming 4th of July than by rounding up some delicious-looking and extra patriotic food pics.
Sure, things like hot dogs and hamburgers and Doritos Locos Tacos are among the most American cuisines ever, but we think chowing down on a red, white and blue flag cake is the route to take this year. That being said, check out 11 festive ways to eat your way through the 4th of July.


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PSA Exhibitions Standards Chair✉ Daniel Charbonnet, HonPSA, EPSA·
|Exhibitions, formerly called Salons, offer an opportunity for photographers to exhibit their work with other photographers from around the world. Images that are accepted into exhibitions can be used to earn Star Ratings and ultimately PSA ROPA distinctions.
Contact the Exhibitions Standards chair if you have any questions!
Enter an Exhibition
Host an Exhibition
Apply for Star Ratings and Recognition of Photographic Achievement (ROPA)
Who's Who in Photography
PSA publishes an annual Who's Who in Photography, a compilation of the accepted images from PSA-recognized International Exhibitions of Photography. A print version is sent with the May or June printed PSA Journal, or it can be downloaded from the website.


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Right time, place for Lake Geneva director
LAKE GENEVA — It took about six months and dozens of candidates, but now there's a new president in charge of the Geneva Lake Area Chamber of Commerce
Since the May retirement of George Hennerley, who headed up the chamber for more than 30 years, the chamber search committee had been digging for a candidate who fit the bill. After an arduous search, they came up with Darien Schaefer.
Read the current edition here: http://www.server-jbmultimedia.net/CSI-WalworthCountySunday
"We went through SearchWide, which is an executive recruitment firm, and they actually had close to 70 applicants originally," said Tammie Carstensen, general manager of Harbor Shores and a member of the search committee. "They recommended 15 specific candidates and we tried to finalize it down to about six people. Then the committee interviewed all six over a period of two days and that brought it down to the final two.
"We actually brought them here to spend a few days and let them look around Lake Geneva and the Geneva lakes area. We wanted them to bring their families in and see what they thought about our community. After a lot of thought and some final interviewing, we chose Darien."
Before coming to Lake Geneva, Schaefer had been the executive director of the Wausau/Central Wisconsin Convention & Visitors Bureau since 2000.
Read the complete story HERE.


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The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) kept active last year, investigating issues including social media passwords, domestic violence, and LGBT rights. With the onset of health care reform and an impending Supreme Court decision on the federal benefits afforded to same-sex couples, the coming months will likely bring more changes in the labor sector. Here, InsideCounsel takes a look at some of the most important—and interesting—employment trends to keep an eye on in 2013.
Overall Outlook
As 2012 came to a close, the EEOC approved a new Strategic Enforcement Plan (SEP), in which it laid out its six top national enforcement priorities for the foreseeable future. The SEP gives corporate counsel a broad overview of the EEOC's main areas of concern, and could help companies to avoid any messy labor and employment lawsuits.
According to the guidance, the EEOC is focused on:
- Eliminating barriers in recruiting and hiring
- Protecting immigrant, migrant and other vulnerable workers
- Addressing emerging and developing employment discrimination issues
- Enforcing equal pay laws
- Preserving access to the legal system
- Preventing harassment through systemic enforcement and targeted outreach
Domestic Discrimination
Unfortunately, mass shootings are a reality of American life, with more than a dozen occurring in 2012 alone. Two of those shootings occurred within one week of each other, when gunmen opened fire at the workplaces of their estranged wives. The tragedies show how domestic violence can enter into the workplace, causing security concerns for employers. But those safety concerns do not give companies the right to discriminate against employees who are the victims of abuse or stalking, the EEOC warns.
In a recent fact sheet, the agency noted, although neither Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 nor the Americans with Disabilities Act explicitly prohibits discrimination against those workers, companies who treat them differently may be open to complaints of discrimination based on an employee's sex or real or perceived impairments. Before firing or transferring an employee who is a victim of domestic abuse, companies should be sure that they have concrete evidence that the person's presence imperils the safety of co-workers.
Ensuring Equality
Last year, the EEOC announced that discrimination against transgender employees constitutes sex discrimination under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Fortunately, more companies are already extending benefits to transgender employees, according to a report from the Human Rights Campaign (HRC). The HRC report shows that 207 companies offered those benefits to transgender employees in 2012, up from 85 one year earlier. Still, companies that haven't yet adjusted to EEOC's stance should take extra care—and consult with counsel—when drafting new health care policies.
The country is also awaiting Supreme Court rulings on the constitutionality of the federal Defense of Marriage Act and California's Proposition 8 legislation, which could determine whether same-sex couples are entitled to certain benefits such as health insurance.
Teen Troubles
Another group that the EEOC has given increased focus to over the past year is young workers. The agency has launched a Youth@Work Initiative, designed to educate student workers about their on-the-job rights and responsibilities, and invited teenagers to come to its Denver field office to "participate in a dialogue for solutions on how to bridge the gender wage gap in America."
The EEOC's policy efforts go hand-in-hand with litigation: In July 2012, the agency won a $1 million settlement in its suit against the owner of 25 McDonald's restaurants who allegedly allowed male employees to sexually harass female workers, including teenagers.
Accommodating Accents
The next problem likely doesn't apply to all employers, but it is an interesting and troubling side effect of our global economy: discrimination complaints based on national origin. According to the EEOC, such complaints have increased by 76 percent between 1997 and 2011.
The trend was exemplified in the case of truck driver Ismail Aliyev, who filed a federal discrimination suit against FedEx, arguing that the company had him fired because of his Russian accent. Commercial truck drivers must be able to communicate in English, and Aliyev claims that, even though his English is understandable, FedEx had him fired after a weigh station gave his employer a warning about his accent.


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Closing of Janesville JCPenney store stirs memories
JANESVILLE—Merchandise was just beginning to roll in when Joseph Viertel walked into the new JCPenney store at the Janesville Mall for the first time.
"I remember how empty the floor and the walls were," he said of the day in July 1975, about three months before the store opened.
A few days ago, Viertel walked into the store again to find a similar sight for a different reason.
"I saw empty floors and empty walls, with a few fixtures scattered about," he said. "I guess what goes around comes around."
The store closes at the end of the day Saturday, May 3, after 39 years at the mall location.
For former employees like Viertel, the ending stirs fond memories and deep sadness. He worked 29 years at the Janesville store as the visual and advertising manager before retiring in 2004.
"I went back to the store for one more look around," Viertel said. "I did not expect it to be quite so empty. It is a place that has been near and dear to me for all those years."
The Janesville man considers himself lucky to have had a long JCPenney career, which began in 1970 at a store near Oshkosh. After transferring to Janesville, he coordinated the store's advertising and made sure that store displays were attractive to customers.
"It was an exciting and wonderful career," Viertel said. "I enjoyed every minute of it. We are losing a real spirit of the American way."
Viertel is not alone in his enthusiasm for a once solid store that was a mainstay of local shopping.
Bill Moxley spent 42 years with the JCPenney Company and was manager at the Janesville store from 1982 until 1999. At one time, he had 186 employees.
"I was surprised and disappointed when I heard that Janesville would be among the five stores closing in Wisconsin," Moxley said. "I know how good a store it was."
Moxley's JCPenney career began in Brookfield, Missouri, while he was still in high school. After graduation, he worked full time at a store, which looked much like the old JCPenney in downtown Janesville.
"There was a balcony upstairs, where change was made," Moxley explained. "There was no money on the floor. You put money into a metal can and pulled a string for it to go upstairs, where they made change. Later, the system was updated with vacuum tubes."
Janesville's first JCPenney store opened in 1922 at 32 S. Main St. In October 1975, it moved to the Janesville Mall.
While in Missouri, Moxley met James Cash Penney Jr., who founded the JCPenney chain in 1913.
"He was just as friendly a guy as you would want to meet," Moxley said. "He was a man you could easily converse with. He would spend all day on the floor talking to customers. If a customer wasn't carrying a package on the way out, he would ask if there was something the customer needed that the store did not have."
When Moxley moved to Janesville in 1982 to manage the mall store, he bought the house of the former store manager. He recalls when the store had fishing, camera and catalog departments. At one time, it even had a restaurant and an auto center.
Moxley appreciated the autonomy he had to buy his own merchandise for many years.
"It made you run the store as if it were your own," he said. "I was fortunate. I always said I had the best merchandisers of anyone in Wisconsin."
He is grateful for a career he loved.
"I'll never forget anything that went on in my years with the company," he said. "It was a career made for me."
Like so many, he was surprised when he heard about the store's closing.
"I'm sure every store closing feels the same way," Moxley said. "But this was a Middle America store. It is shocking and sad."
Anna Marie Lux is a columnist for The Gazette. Her columns run Sundays, Tuesdays and Thursdays. Call her with ideas or comments at 608-755-8264, or email email@example.com����


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Bride's Feet Bridesmaid Thank You Card
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Whether you're sending a note of thanks, a warm hello or a love-filled greeting, Zazzle's personalised note cards are a perfect way to express yourself. Printed on premium quality paper, your custom designs can be added to all sides of this folded card at no extra cost!
- Dimensions: 10.8 cm x 14.2 cm (4.25" x 5.6") portrait or 14.2 cm x 10.8 cm (5.6" x 4.25") landscape
- Full colour CMYK print process
- All-sided printing for no additional cost
- Printable area on the back of the card is 6.1 x 8.1 cm (portrait) or 8.1 cm x 6.1 cm (landscape) Standard white envelopes included
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Bride's Feet Bridesmaid Thank You Card
Thank you for being my bridesmaid... whimsical bridesmaid card. Perfect, fun way to thank your bridesmaids. Image is copyrighted by store owner.
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What Is a Vegetarian Diet?
A vegetarian diet excludes meat, poultry, fish, and foods containing these products. There are many different variations of the vegetarian diet. This article focuses on the lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet, which is based on plant foods, but also includes eggs and dairy.
Why Follow a Vegetarian Diet?
There are many health benefits associated with following a vegetarian diet. In general, vegetarian diets tend to be lower in saturated fat and cholesterol, and provide higher amounts of many vitamins and minerals than traditional western diets. Moreover, a well-balanced vegetarian diet may help:
- Lower blood pressure
- Improve cholesterol profile
- Reduce body mass index
- Reduce the risk of certain diseases, including high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, prostate cancer, and colon cancer
People choose to follow a vegetarian diet for many different reasons, including health benefits, concern for the environment, and concern for animal welfare.
Vegetarian Diet Basics
A lacto-ovo-vegetarian diet is based on plant foods such as grains, vegetables, fruits, legumes, seeds, and nuts, in addition to dairy and eggs. To make sure that you meet all your nutrient needs on this diet, be sure to eat a variety of each of these types of foods. Nutrients that deserve extra attention to make sure they are eaten in sufficient amounts include: protein, iron, calcium, zinc, vitamin B12, vitamin D, and omega-3 fatty acids.
Eating Guide for a Vegetarian Diet
This guide is based on the United States Department of Agriculture food guide, Choose My Plate.
- Consume at least ½ of your grains as whole grains.
- Whole grains include: whole wheat products, oatmeal, brown rice, barley, bulgur, popcorn.
- Vitamin B12 (fortified breakfast cereals)
- Zinc-fortified breakfast cereals, wheat germ
- Iron-fortified breakfast cereals
- Eat a variety of different vegetables every day.
- During a meal, fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables.
Eat more of the following:
- Dark green vegetables like broccoli, spinach, bok choy, romaine lettuce
- Orange vegetables like carrots, sweet potatoes, butternut squash
- Calcium (collard greens, turnip greens, bok choy, and mustard greens)
- Iron (spinach, turnip greens, peas)
- Eat a variety of fruit.
- During a meal, fill half your plate with fruits and vegetables.
- Choose fresh fruit over fruit juices.
- Calcium (fortified orange juice)
- Iron (raisins, prunes, dried apricots)
- Choose low-fat (1%) or fat-free dairy products; limit intake of full-fat cheese.
- Milk alternatives include calcium-rich or -fortified foods and beverages.
- Protein
- Calcium (all milk products, fortified milk alternatives)
- Vitamin D (fortified milk and milk alternatives)
- Vitamin B12 (milk products and fortified milk alternatives)
- Eat a variety of protein sources that include eggs, beans, peas, nuts, nut butters, and soy (like tofu).
- Protein
- Zinc (white beans, kidney beans, and chick peas)
- Iron (kidney beans, black-eyed peas, lentils)
- Omega-3 fatty acids (eggs, ground flaxseed, walnuts)
- Limit or avoid solid fats such butter, stick margarine, lard, and shortening.
- Limit foods high in added sugar or solid fats.
- Avoid sugary drinks. Drink water instead.
- Eat a variety of foods from each of the food groups every day.
- Limit your intake of cheese and other high-fat dairy products.
- If you are new to this diet, do not just continue eating your usual diet minus the meat. Be sure to replace the meat with other protein-rich foods like milk, beans, and nuts.
- Consider meeting with a registered dietitian to makes sure you are meeting all your nutrient needs on this diet. A dietitian can create a meal plan for you.
- Enjoy your food, but do not overdo it. Avoid oversized portions.
- Check the sodium amount on the Nutrition Facts label and aim to eat foods low in sodium.
- Reviewer: Dianne Scheinberg Rishikof MS, RD, LDN
- Review Date: 05/2017 -
- Update Date: 09/30/2013 -


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Many companies are looking at merger and acquisition (M&A) activity as a wise way to put their cash to work. Before they move forward, however, corporate executives need to be aware of some dramatic shifts in the global landscape for strategic transactions. Compared with a decade ago, there is greater potential today for unseen and underappreciated risks that could hinder an otherwise sound merger or acquisition.
In the aggressive timelines that companies often adopt for the closing of transactions—which are more compressed now than they were in the past—due diligence may be abbreviated. This accelerates the M&A process but also increases the risks that the acquiring company will not fully identify the target company's historical and ongoing liabilities. Among these liabilities are environmental liabilities, exposures faced by directors and officers, and other legacy exposures.
Regulators in various jurisdictions have heightened their awareness of the legal and financial risks accompanying M&A transactions. Economic uncertainty has led both the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and watchdog groups to become increasingly vigilant in pursuing their concerns about the anti-competitive implications of potential M&A deals. And the implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act and the JOBS Act will require target companies to provide their prospective acquirers with more financial statements from more years. These are significant hurdles that M&A participants 10 years ago did not face. It is crucial for companies to respond.
Unearthing the Risks
Following a merger or acquisition, the buyer—a company or private equity firm—typically absorbs the liabilities of the acquired entity. If the target company has itself acquired numerous organizations through the years, tracking down and mitigating all of the successor liabilities can be daunting from a risk management standpoint. Legacy exposures may include ongoing legal claims made against an entity acquired years ago; environmental liabilities that extend back several decades; or exposures faced by the organization's directors and officers. In some cases, the current target may have acquired businesses that no longer exist in any form—but their liabilities live on.
If these successor liabilities are not identified, assessed, and mitigated, they may create latent issues for the acquirer down the road. They also may create surprises that were not accounted for in the purchase price and sale agreement.
Potential liabilities are often overlooked in the due diligence phase, amid timelines that are more compressed than ever before. Don't be afraid to ask tough questions of the target entity's management team. (See Important Questions Acquirers Often Fail to Ask, on page 2.) Testing management's existing assumptions often yields valuable insights into the organization's competitive, legal, and liability risks. Also note that it's critically important for each member of the due diligence team to share findings with the full group. All decision-makers in the acquiring company need to be fully aware of the liabilities that might exist.
Hidden exposures are especially problematic because the acquired company's insurance policies may cease to provide coverage upon the closing of the transaction. Or they may convert into run-off mode, under which they continue to provide coverage but only for a short period of time. A buyer does not want to discover after the close that the acquired company's insurance policies are inadequate in terms of absorbing prospective and retrospective financial losses. If dealmakers in the buying company complete their due diligence process, yet still have concerns about hidden liabilities that may exist in the acquisition target, they may consider a number of insurance options to manage their risk exposures.
Successor Casualty Liability: How Long Is the Tail?
For a buyer, understanding the self-insured/deductible obligations, accruals, and collateral requirements of the target company is essential. Are there any allocation issues around sharing, among multiple separate companies, a liability insurance policy that has been in place for a while? Acquirers should consider retaining an independent actuarial firm to assess the target's workers' compensation, general, and automobile liabilities. The buyer may also want to take measures to limit its liability for losses incurred prior to the transaction that would not be covered by the target company's insurance policies.
One option is a loss portfolio transfer (LPT), which is a retroactive insurance program that transfers future payment obligations—obligations of an unknown size, which are related to known past liabilities, either from current operations or discontinued businesses—to a specialized M&A insurer. For instance, an LPT can be structured to absorb the financial liabilities of the deductible obligations within the target company's insurance policies. Target companies that will have multiple captive insurers post-acquisition, or that are looking to exit self-insurance, will find benefits in an LPT. The LPT can be used as a mechanism to close out the captive(s) or exit self-insurance for already-incurred liabilities. An LPT can also be essential to reducing burdensome collateral requirements/costs following a merger or acquisition, where the target company's financials may have changed.
Umbrella and excess casualty insurance are two other risk transfer solutions addressing M&A-related liabilities. High financial limits of protection can come into play either as umbrella insurance attaching above the primary layer of coverage, or as excess insurance attaching at different layers in a tower above the umbrella.
Questions often abound about future liabilities that may arise from products that the target company currently sells, or from products that were discontinued years before but still carry potential liabilities. If these financial exposures are not well understood and addressed in the pre-transaction phase, the acquirer may incur additional costs down the line, and the transaction price might end up higher than it should have been. In any due diligence process, it is important to ask the right questions. An acquiring company needs to partner with its insurance brokers and carriers to identify, in collaboration, the areas into which it should dig deeper. Potential buyers and sellers must make themselves more aware of their risk management exposures.
There are other risk considerations for liability policies in an M&A context. In the past, some insurance policies were underwritten on a so-called "claims made" basis. This form of insurance coverage limits liability to only those claims that arise from incidents that are reported to the insurance company while the policy is in force. This raises the possibility that the policy may not absorb some future claim, particularly if the claim's "tail" was not resolved adequately. Legacy liability insurance is a broad risk transfer solution that can absorb successor liabilities for both retrospective and prospective claims arising from prior acts by the target company. A legacy liability policy is especially effective for severity-related products liability and general liability claims in the primary or excess layers. It addresses the risk of future claims from discontinued products and may include laser-like coverage for specific products that pose a greater risk of potential hazard.
Overseas M&A transactions can house both known and unknown successor liabilities, and challenges around legal due diligence may be compounded by language and cultural barriers. The use of claims-made policies, and the risk of discontinued products causing future losses, can seem daunting to an acquiring company. Many countries also require businesses operating within their borders to buy local or "admitted" insurance, raising questions about the adequacy of the coverages and the financial limits of protection, not to mention the solvency of the insurer that wrote the policy.
For liabilities that may be inherited in a global merger or acquisition, acquirers may want a controlled master program (CMP). This type of insurance addresses the potential inadequacies of the target company's local or admitted insurance policies. Are there certain international exclusions in the current program that need to be addressed? The master insurance policy closes perceived gaps in coverage and/or financial limits, while simultaneously maintaining the local insurance policies in force. A CMP also ensures the efficient coordination of foreign insurance policies under one roof, with potential premium savings and additional cost-effectiveness from economies of scale.
Two additional insurance products that may prove beneficial in an M&A context are representations and warranties insurance and tax indemnity coverage. Often, the purchase and sale agreement stipulates that these products are required. Representations and warranties coverage will indemnify the acquirer if the seller's representations and warranties prove inaccurate down the line. Examples involve representations and warranties made around compliance with local regulations, such as employment laws, or the accuracy of financial disclosures such as seller's inventory levels. Likewise, tax indemnity insurance can be used to indemnify the insured for uncertain tax consequences related to the target company, including the tax treatment of the M&A transaction itself. This product is considered effective when the buyer wants certainty about tax obligations but has not procured (or could not procure) a private letter ruling from the U.S. IRS regarding the tax treatment of the acquisition.
Environmental Liability: What Lies Beneath?
All businesses, no matter where they operate, are confronting increasingly strict environmental regulations. Thus, businesses are facing greater environmental-liability exposures than ever before. In some cases, an acquiring company inherits the target organization's pollution exposures, going back many decades, via the target company's operations or previous mergers and acquisitions. These liabilities may be unknown at the time of the M&A transaction. They may also be the result of previously unregulated practices that have since been deemed impermissible. These types of successor liabilities challenge even the most thorough due diligence process and present a risk of tremendous financial losses. Indeed, few issues have greater potential to derail a deal from a liability standpoint.
Environmental liabilities encompass a broad range of perils, including pollution, contamination, mold, hazardous waste, and toxic chemicals in water, in air, or on land. Identifying these exposures and then assembling an effective insurance strategy to transfer the liabilities is a vital element of the M&A transaction process.
To fill the coverage void created by pollution exclusions in general liability products and to protect against the financial exposure of pollution losses, the insurance industry created environmental impairment liability insurance. In this arena, various products are available to provide protection for the high costs associated with cleaning up accidental spills or leaks of pollutants. In circumstances in which the target entity had facilities that generated or used hazardous substances, the buyer should consider premises pollution liability (PPL) insurance, which provides coverage for first-party liabilities for onsite and off-site environmental cleanup and remediation, and for third-party liabilities arising from lawsuits brought by others for bodily injury, property damage, or environmental cleanup. The liability protection afforded by PPL coverage can be tailored to the needs of the acquiring company, including exposures related to gradual pollution, or sudden and accidental pollution. Since a target company's environmental liability policies typically will expire with the transaction, or will be placed in a runoff mode, it is imperative for acquirers to address environmental liability voids with new policies before the deal closes.
In addition, if the target company might require a pollution cleanup in the future, the acquiring company should consider issues such as the possibility of cost overruns during the cleanup effort. One option for dealing with this is risk remediation cost containment insurance, which is available from specialized M&A insurance carriers. By minimizing the risks that a cleanup project will cost the company more than anticipated, the coverage mitigates the financial uncertainty associated with acquiring a site and undertaking its redevelopment.
Directors and Officers Liability: Will You Be Protected?
Securities class-action lawsuits represent some of the most costly and complex cases against directors and officers, and M&A activity is a key driver of securities class actions. Class-action suits are typically brought by investors and shareholders in the target corporation; they name the acquiring company and, by extension, the board of directors as defendants. These suits are filed very soon after a merger or acquisition, not leaving the organization much time to manage insurance issues. Directors' and officers' liability insurance (D&O) policies can provide key protections for executives embroiled in such litigation. However, coverage must be in place and carefully managed prior to the transaction because of the speed and complexity of the litigation.
Most D&O policies have terms of one year, yet claims may be brought as long as six years after a transaction, depending on the statute of limitations. As a result, most target companies purchase a non-cancellable, pre-paid policy for a six-year period, which is known as run-off or tail coverage. It can be critical. Most acquiring companies' policies will not provide D&O coverage for the executives of the target company prior to the merger or acquisition. The target company's D&O and run-off policies may be all that they have to protect them. This is why many companies will buy an additional layer of insurance devoted to the directors and officers, popularly known as Side A, or CODA, insurance.
At the same time, directors and officers of the target company who become executives of the acquiring company will need to become protected under the acquiring company's D&O policy. The policy of the company that was acquired will provide coverage only for events that happened when they were executives of the target company, prior to the M&A transaction. They will need new coverage for future events that occur when they're acting as executives of the acquirer. However, whether to add them to the corporate D&O policy depends on the form and the facts. The acquiring company needs to review its D&O policy to see whether the target's executives will gain coverage automatically, or whether specific acts must be taken to add them to the policy.
The key to addressing D&O liabilities in an M&A context is to leave no ambiguities on the table. Post-transaction, the risk profile of the combined entity is different from that of the separate organizations pre-transaction. In some cases, it's substantially different. Share price volatility is usually a serious threat in the months after a transaction closes, and stock price swings may incite shareholder or acquirer lawsuits against the target company's directors and officers for misrepresentations, breaches of fiduciary duties, or violations of securities laws.
Now that the M&A market is again on the uptick, private equity firms and strategic corporate dealmakers—in the competitive landscape to complete deals quickly—must exercise proper due diligence given the wide range of post-transaction successor liabilities they may assume. Such liabilities create the potential for unanticipated financial consequences, which may result in an acquisition or merger that costs more than was originally anticipated or may incite shareholder litigation.
Risk managers should suggest assembling a deal team to review such potential liabilities. The complexity inherent in addressing a target company's D&O liabilities, environmental exposures, product risks, and other complex liabilities usually requires assistance from insurance carriers that understand the M&A process. A coordinated insurance program will provide the required responsiveness to facilitate the closing of transactions within set timetables, minimizing the possibility that unexpected and uninsured post-transaction liabilities will emerge.
Seth Gillston is senior vice president and global practice leader of the Mergers & Acquisitions Practice at ACE USA. He is based in New York and has been with ACE for more than 13 years in a variety of underwriting and management roles.


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Whitewater man pleads not guilty to list of charges
ELKHORN A Whitewater man accused of the attempted murder of two juvenile girls, child sexual assault and false imprisonment pleaded not guilty Friday to those and other charges filed against him.
Larry M. Shannon, 40, appeared in court via video from the Walworth County Jail, where he is being held on a $1 million cash bond. He is scheduled back in court Jan. 11 for a status conference.
Shannon led authorities on a two-county, high-speed chase Oct. 29 that began in Whitewater and ended in Rock County. He is accused of entering a Whitewater residence, stabbing two juveniles and fleeing with two other juveniles. He also faces two charges of first-degree sexual assault with a child under the age of 13 and related sexual assault offenses. An amended complaint contains 14 charges. He initially was charged with two counts of attempted murder and three counts of false imprisonment.
Shannon pleaded not guilty to all 14 charges.
Reports indicate Shannon used duct tape to bind the two juveniles he stabbed. An adult woman reported he choked her and tied her to a chair after threatening to kill her.
Authorities reported that two individuals escaped the Whitewater residence shortly before 4 p.m. and were transported by ambulance to Fort Atkinson Memorial Hospital with significant injuries.
Whitewater police officers were called to the scene of a stabbing.
Rock County deputies spotted Shannon in the town of Turtle near Beloit. A chase ensued at speeds up to 75 mph. Shannon ran through stop sticks and was taken into custody at gunpoint when his vehicle crashed on Skyline Drive near Wren Drive in Beloit.
Last updated: 11:47 am Thursday, March 14, 2013


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That's not my thing.
Until I held her in my arms and, oh my gosh I have a girl, GET ME SOME BOWS AND FRILLS STAT!
For Day 9 of 15 Days of Ivy, No Slippy Hair Clippy (our favorite hair clips of all time that I always bought long before Ivy was kindly sent the cutest ones for free) is offering a $25 gift certificate!
[ Ivy's first birthday is September 15, so I'm going to post some fun giveaways every day. You can see all the other giveaway posts so far here.]
I'll choose one winner at random on the night of Ivy's birthday, September 15. Winner will be contacted via email (so please include it when you fill out the secure comment form) and I'll also announce all winners here by September 16.
Subscribe to my blog here
Twitter me- I'm babysteph


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Uploaded by: snosno
Friday March 1, 2013
South Yarmouth, MA (Current Weather Conditions)
Caption: Smuggler`s Beach
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Your Views: State shouldn't be returning surplus to taxpayers
An article in The Gazette stated Wisconsin has lost 9,000 college-educated residents ages 21-29 in each of the last five years. We don't need this brain drain.
Blackhawk Technical College is cutting 11 positions and making other cuts (Page 1A, March 19). Now Gov. Walker is allotting funds to technical schools. Too little, too late.
Gov. Walker has signed a bill stating that if one spouse goes into a nursing home and uses up 50 percent of the couple's assets and goes on assistance, upon the death of the remaining spouse, the estate would be liable for the bill.
If some of the surplus is coming from this bill, tuition assistance, BadgerCare, etc., I don't want to see a surplus.
Give the surplus to counties and townships for road maintenance. This has been a brutal winter, and they can use it. They are over budget for snow plowing, road salt, etc.
I wonder if Gov. Walker has ever feasted on ramen noodles like a lot of college students and low-income people.


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Home » IN » Richmond IN » Office Supplies
Office Supplies Richmond IN
Being environmentally conscious doesn't need to stop once you leave your home--eco-friendly office supplies are helping businesses to go green. In this section you'll learn about office supplies that you can use in your office to stay in line with a green lifestyle.
Green Office Products Richmond IN
If you keep losing your pens, you should buy some sustainable pens. The Wheely pen is a flexible ball point pen made from 50% post-consumer rubber tires and 10% pre-consumer recycled plastic. Read on.
Green Office Supplies Richmond IN
Desk supplies come in all sorts of shapes and sizes, but up until now they have had one thing in common: a complete disregard for the environment. Read on.


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Ellis (Samuel) Park
3520 S. Cottage Grove Ave. Chicago, Illinois 60653
(773) 285-7099
Fee: Free
Age Range: Any
Block Party in the ParkFamilies are invited to enjoy an evening of free entertainment and an ole fashioned community picnic. We will supply the burgers and hotdogs while supplies last. Activities range from sack races, mother/son and daddy/daughter sports competitions, disc jockey spinning music and entertaining live performances of clowns and magicians or a band, and sometimes an outdoor movie. Don't forget to bring your picnic basket and blanket for a relaxing time in the park!


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It's the time of year for revisiting favorite seasonal traditions: egg nog, presents and, of course, law firm holiday cards. Every year, scores of firms send out holiday greetings, but every year there are some that rise above the pack with humor, creativity or great animation. In no particular order, here are InsideCounsel's picks for some of the top cards of the 2012 holiday season.
Wolf Greenfield
Wolf Greenfield is no stranger to creative holiday cards: In the past, the firm's marketing gurus have come up with such classics as a mock holiday gift catalogue, a special advent calendar and a seed-studded card that, if planted, actually sprouted. This year, the Boston-based IP firm has done it again, coming up with a beautifully illustrated crossword puzzle card, perfect for keeping yourself occupied on those long holiday travel days.
Stinson Morrison Hecker
Sure, the holiday season is joyful; but it can also be stressful, filled with crowded malls, flight delays and last-minute deadlines. Stinson Morrison Hecker's card acknowledges these realities and provides a tidy solution: elves who do more than just make toys.
Fenwick & West
The animation is what really sets this card apart, as it provides a never-before-seen look at some of our favorite holidays. Starting with visuals of the cosmos, the card eventually examines the holidays from a more up-close-and-personal level. In doing so, it probably becomes the only law firm holiday card to feature a look at the inside of an attorney's heart.
Manatt Phelps & Phillips
Like Stinson, Manatt's card references the darker side of the holidays, namely awkward office parties filled with stilted chit-chat, bad karaoke and the ever-dangerous spiked egg nog. The firm took its card to the next level with clever animation and an updated version of that holiday classic, "Carol of the Bells."
Crowell & Moring
This holiday card isn't just festive—it's practical. Crowell has given everyone who's feeling "bah humbug" about the season 12 easy suggestions for getting into the holiday spirit, including a recipe for homemade egg nog with enough rum to put even Scrooge in a good mood.


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Fire leads to hotel/restaurant evacuation in Lake Geneva
LAKE GENEVA—The Cove Resort and Sprecher's Restaurant were evacuated as a fire did serious damage to a kitchen on Thursday morning, the Lake Geneva Fire Department reported.
No injuries were reported. The fire appears to be accidental, as there were no indications that it was set, and it started in the exhaust hood in the kitchen, said the department's Capt. Mark Moeller-Gunderson.
The cause, however, remains under investigation, the department said in a news release.
Moeller-Gunderson said the department usually does not give damage estimates.
The alarm at the multistory building at 111 Center St. went off at 7:55 a.m.� The first arriving police officer reported smoke coming from the roof. The building houses both the hotel and restaurant.
Firefighters attacked the fire in the kitchen and on the roof, according to a news release.
Mutual aid came from fire companies from the city of Delavan, town of Delavan, Elkhorn, Lyons, Linn, Walworth, Williams Bay and Sharon.
All units were back in quarters at 11:15 am.
Assistant Chief Patrick Heindl stated in the news release that working sprinklers and smoke detectors made a big difference in notification and fighting the fire.
The Lake Geneva Fire Department offers to install smoke detectors free of charge.


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Ten of the largest U.S. mortgage servicers will pay a combined $8.5 billion under an agreement that will end case-by-case reviews of foreclosure-abuse claims stemming from a 2011 deal with regulators.
Companies including JPMorgan Chase & Co., Bank of America Corp. and Citigroup Inc. must provide $5.2 billion in mortgage assistance and $3.3 billion in direct payments to wronged borrowers, according to a settlement announced today by the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency and the Federal Reserve. They were among 14 servicers ordered to hire independent consultants to help clean up foreclosure practices amid claims that they improperly seized homes in the wake of the subprime mortgage crisis.
"When we began the Independent Foreclosure Review, the OCC pledged to fix what was broken, identify who was harmed, and compensate them for that injury," Comptroller of the Currency Thomas Curry said in a statement. "While today's announcement represents a significant change in direction, it meets those original objectives by ensuring that consumers are the ones who will benefit, and that they will benefit more quickly and in a more direct manner."
This agreement announced today covers Bank of America, Citibank, JPMorgan Chase as well as Aurora Bank FSB, MetLife Inc., PNC Financial Services Group Inc., Sovereign Bank, SunTrust Banks Inc., US Bancorp and Wells Fargo & Co.
About 495,000 borrowers applied by the Dec. 31 deadline to have their foreclosure histories examined for missteps in response to letters sent by regulators to 4.4 million potential claimants. Another 159,000 foreclosures were chosen in a sampling process, according to the OCC.
The agency said in June that servicers would be required to deliver lump-sum payments to borrowers who had been wronged -- as much as $125,000 plus lost equity in the most egregious cases. No borrowers have received compensation in the nearly two years since the accord has been in place.
Separately, federal authorities and state attorneys general continue to press regional banks to accept a settlement over mishandled foreclosure documents similar to a $25 billion deal reached with larger competitors last year, according to people briefed on the talks.
Bloomberg News


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Need help with an alien cell (for a plausible fiction)
Discussion of all aspects of cellular structure, physiology and communication.
Moderator: BioTeam
4 posts • Page 1 of 1
Need help with an alien cell (for a plausible fiction)
Sup. I am in the prosses of both writing a novel trilogy and developing an encyclopaedia regarding the science behind the novels.
The story plays off on the fictitious planet of Novusvita in the factitious trinary Algol solar system.
Now, on this planet there is complex life, coming forth in three distinctive forms or domains: Liquiphita (life based within organic fluids), Minerallia (life which builds vestages for itself using materials at hand - biological mineral deposision) and Imperia (life made up of microscopic cells).
Now, this topic is about the cells of the Imperia group, so perhaps I should tell you a bit more about the Imperia:
-They are the youngest of the three domains of life on the planet.
-They are both multi- and unicellular in different cases.
-Most macroscopic multicellular Imperians consist of two things: Living cells and abiotic fibres, created by their cells. These fibes include skin tissue, bone fibre (which consists mainly of calsium and ceramic glass), hairs/feathers (where applicable), nails (where applicable) and other things that do not need to be alive to function.
-The atmosphere of Novusvita (mainly the troposphere) consists mostly of corbon dioxcide. Thus, this is what they breath.
-Imperia may or may not be carbon-based and do not share our exact DNA or RNA structures.
-That's about it.
Now for the cells.
Here's a rough image of a general Imperia cell done in MS Paint:
In the Imperia cell, these are basically three parts:
-The Cell Wall - This double membrane structure is selectively permiable and contains bubble-like organelles which basically substitute for plastids (all types), mitochondria, lisosomes and vacuoles (all types). These bubble-like bodies are called Ebulloids (derived from the Latin for "bubbles") and have the ability to morph into any of the others when needed. Within the cell wall, granuals of... stuff can also be found between the Ebulloids. I don't know what they are yet - I just thought that's something you'd find there. The jelly-like fluid found between the double membrane, Ebulloids and granuals is called the Exoplasm. Most cell-prosseses involving storage, nutrition and energy production takes place in the cell wall.
-The Cell Cavity - This is the large, fluid-filled interior of the cell. It contains a substance simmilar to sitoplasm and the interior organells. Prosseses such as protein synthesis takes place within the Cell Cavity.
-The Nucleus - Much like nuclei in Eukaryotes on Earth, the Imperia nuclei contain the genetic code of the individual and controll the prosseses of the cells. Unlike Eukaryotes, Imperia cells aren't limited to a single nucleus. There are up to seven or more in some cells, though one is still the norm. Nuclei within a cell are "fastened" to the interior cell wall and other nuclei via "strands" simmilar to the endoplasmic reticuli of Eukaryote cells on Earth.
Here is a rough, labelled MS Paint image of the cell wall, including the Ebulloids:
Now, a bit more on the Ebulloids. All Ebulloids have a double membrane. In most, this is barely noticable, as the membranes are squeezed tightly onto each other by the lack of... stuff between them. However, in Ebulloids such as the lisosome-subs, the space between the membranes "inflates" and becomes filled with... stuff, creating a tough wall. There are normally no structures within the Ebulloids (save perhaps for the mitochondria-subs' cristea-subs, and the chloroplast-subs' thylacoid subs, both created by the inner membrane) and they usually only contain the fluids/material stored or used within them (chlorophyll/pigment/starch/enzimes/etc.) They have a highly maluable and almost amoebal structure and are able to slip past one another, rearange and move around in the cell wall.
Here are the diffirent types of Ebulloid:
-Protobulloid - Proplastid sub - Spawned from the cell wall's outer membrane folding in on itself - later able to become any of the other types of Ebulloid.
-Etiobulloid - Etioplast sub - Ebulloids that are to become Chlorobuloids. Aids in the initial production of pigment.
-Chlorobulloid - Chloroplast sub - Contains chlorophyll for photosinthesis - inner membrane spawns thylacoid-subs. Mainly found in flora.
-Chromobulloid - Chromoplast sub - Contains pigment that provides cell with colour.
-Leucobulloid - Leucoplast sub - Basic storage unit.
-Proteinobulloid - Protienoplast sub - Stores protien.
-Elaiobulloid - Elaioplast sub - Stores fat.
-Amylobulloid - Amyloplast sub - Stores starch.
-Statobulloid - Statolith Sub - Gives one side of cell greater weight than the other, allowing for a sence of gravity. Mainly found in flora.
-Vacuobulloid - Central Vacuole sub - Maintains cell's structure by storing water - becomes largest Ebulloids. Mainly found in flora.
-Ponderabulloid - Contractile Vacuole sub - Ejects unwanted fluids and maintains a suitable fluid concentration within the cell.
-Nutriobulloid - Food Vacuole sub - A bubble containing a captured food particle. Food captured by outer membrane of cell wall engulphing the said particle, before folding in on itself as a new Ebulloid. not spawned from a proplastid sub - later able to become one.
-Lisobulloid - Lisosome sub - Digests food particles captured in food vacuole subs and aids in cell-selfdestruction when needed. Attaches to Nutriobulloid during "digestion". Gives inner membrane of Nutriobulloid. Has a thick double membrane to keep in potent enzimes.
-Pneumbulloid - Mitochondria sub - Responcible for cell respiration and energy release using oxygen produced in the Chlorobuloid or Converbuloid. Has a madly folded inner membrane (cristea-subs).
-Convobulloid - Extracts oxygen from carbon cioxide using silica and some or other form of enzime, perhaps. Mainly found in Heterotrophic Imperians.
-Exobulloid - An ebulloid, containing whatever, which is ejected out of the cell and into the outside. These external boddies are able to merge with other cells or break down in the outside. They can be used to transmit messages and... stuff. To eject the ebulloid, the outer membrane of the cell wraps around it before breaking off. Thus, Exobulloids have a tripple membrane.
And now for the interior organelles (these are the organelles found in the cell cavity):
-Endobulloid - Vescicle sub - Endobulloids are tripple
membraned bubbles within the cell cavity, formed in the same way as the
exobulloid. They aid in fluid transfer to and from organelles and the
outside and are able to remerge with the cell wall.
-Replicoid - (Aka Replisome) Technically a temporary part of the inner cell membrane, the replicoids are small bumps that form on the inside of the inner cell membrane.
Within these bumbs, the matter is arranged to form any of the other interior organelles (excluding Endobulloids). The replicoid then breaks off the inner cell
membrane in the form of said organelle and drifts into the cell cavity.
The only exception is the ER, where the replicoid coils out and
elongates untill it comes in contact with a nucleus.
-Endoplasmic Reticulum - Unlike the ER in Eukaryoticcellson Earth, the ER in Imperia cells are long strands of cell matter that normally extend from the nucleus to the inner cell membrane and vice versa. They are thin tubules containing a saluted liquid
within a permiable membrane. They play an important role in protein
synthesis and nuclear division and transmit electrical signals between
the nucleus and the cell wall. During nuclear division, an ER will form
between the split nuclei from the nuclear membrane.
-Ribosome - Does what ribosomes do on Earth.
-Mitosome - These are tiny blubbous organelles that are both responcible for
creating and maintaining the cytoskeleton protein chains and play a huge
role during cell division. During mitosis, mitosomes expand and latch
on to the inner cell membrane in a ring. They then move inward, forming a
thin double membrane through the centre of the cell. Once in the
centre, the mitosomes invert themselves into the interior of this
membrane and form what will become the new outer membranes. At the end
of the prosses, they themselves are part of the new exoplasm. (I'll make a diagram later.)
And finally the exterior organelles (these are organelles which can be found on the exterior cell membrane):
-Cilia - Fine hair-like structures that allow for movement and sometimes subtance intake.
-Flagellum - Tail-like structures that allow for speedy movement.
-Cnidocyte - Named after the harpoon-like stinging cells in Cridarians on Earth, cnidocytes are sack-like circular folds in the outer membrane which contain an emencely thin coil, attached to the membrane at the base. When stimulated, the coil fires out in a harpoon-like fasion and pumps out material from an ebulloid bellow. For example, the cell could come in contact with a cell of th same size or larger, then attack it with a cnidocyte. The cnidocyte will then inject enzimes from a lisobulloid below and digest the prey cell while the cnidocyte coil holds on to it. The digested matter can then be easily obsorbed.
-Eyespot Apparatus - Light sensitive patches on the outer membrane.
-Myofillium - These are rubbery strands of actin, myosin and nebulin that normally lie just below the outer cell membrane. They are only found in the muscle cells of multicellular organisms and allow for muscle contraction.
Now, I figured this out yesterday. This is the basic "energy chain" that takes place in the cell, mainly the cell wall:
Most of the "waste" gets reused in other parts of the body.
Anyway, the main problem right now is this: Where does the energy needed for the Convobulloid to function come from? It can't be dependant on daylight.
Too long, too bad
Anyway, it's quite sure, that they breath, what's in the atmosphere, so they must breath CO2, if is it present, but question is, whether they can get any energy from that.
Second, for your metabolism. What the hell is SiCO?
You should futher study chemistry, especially perpetuum mobile and 2nd thermodynamical law
Cis or trans? That's what matters.
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Federal shutdown has local impacts
The federal government touches local lives in myriad ways, so a shutdown will have a local impact.
However, no severe impacts have been identified as yet in Rock and Walworth counties, although a long shutdown could change that picture.
And "severe impact" depends on who you are. If you're a civilian employee of the Wisconsin National Guard, for example, you could be laid off without pay, or "furloughed," for the duration.
Wisconsin is insulated from some of the shutdown's effects because relatively few federal employees work in the state. Wisconsin ranks last in wages paid to federal employees.
Following is a rundown of what The Gazette has been able to find out.
National Guard
Members of the Wisconsin National Guard will continue to report for duty, and the Guard plans to continue essential functions, including readiness to respond to emergencies, according to a memo published Monday night.
However, the Guard furloughed 840 non-essential technicians Tuesday. Most of these civilians work at Fort McCoy between Sparta and Tomah or at Volk Field near Camp Douglas. Some others work at Air National Guard bases in Madison and Milwaukee.
Guard spokesman Maj. Paul Rickert said 210 employees who work in fire and rescue, protective service and key maintenance jobs were exempted from furloughs.
Those 210 workers will be paid retroactively, while those on furlough will not unless Congress allows for that.
�Rickert said the Guard received authorization to keep military honors personnel on duty to ensure no interruption in services performed at military funerals this week. The Guard hasn't changed any weekend drill dates, but soldiers currently attending certain Army schools might be sent home, according to Wisconsin Public Radio.
"As far as we can tell, normal campus operations, including student financial aid, should not be affected," UW-W spokesman Jeff Angileri said in an e-mail.
However, faculty members applying for federally funded grants—from the Small Business Administration or Department of Agriculture, for example—could have problems because of furloughs for employees who oversee those processes.
"At this point, we can expect delays in the submission process, the review of grant proposals and the granting of funds. The full scope is unknown," Angileri said.
Education Week reports that Pell Grants and Federal Direct Student loans will continue to make payments during the shutdown.
UW-Rock County
UW-Rock Dean Carmen Wilson said federal student aid for this semester won't be affected, but a long shutdown could affect the spring semester.
"In the short term, things will be fine. Everything will be paid out or has been," Wilson said. "If it continues for a significant period of time, then we could see some challenges."
Federal student aid for the spring semester will be processed later this fall, so if the shutdown is still in effect in December, aid payments could be delayed, Wilson said.
The federal TRIO program, which provides support to at-risk students, already has been funded for the year, so no impact is expected.
Head Start
The Head Start program, which provides pre-school education to 461 children in Rock and Walworth counties, will continue to operate, at least for now.
The program should continue to receive its federal funding through January, when its grant runs out, said Connie Robers, executive director of Rock-Walworth Comprehensive Family Services.
"For now, we think we're OK, but I don't want to speculate over the long term. I don't know how that would work over the long term," Robers said.
Robers said she won't be able to consult the national or regional Head Start offices for guidance, however, because those offices are closed for the shutdown.
The local Head Start program is smaller than it was last school year because of sequestration budget cuts, Robers noted. Last year, Head Start served 510 children.
Veterans hospitals
"All VA medical centers and clinics will remain fully operational and will continue to provide health care services to our nation's veterans. … VA health care appointments will not be affected," says a statement posted on the website of the William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital in Madison.
County-level veterans services offices
Carla Vigue, communications officers for the Wisconsin Department of Veterans Affairs said she was "not aware of" any county office closures.�
The federal government's veterans administration website, va.gov, is still running and has a "Veterans Field Guide" to the federal government shutdown on its main page.� The guide lists which services will be available and which will shut down. The Veterans Administration regional office in Milwaukee will be closed, and a number of other services will be run on a limited basis.
Public schools
Local schools should see little immediate impact.
The Department of Education is expected to furlough more than 90 percent of its employees this week, but funding for local Title 1, special education and career and technical education grants would continue into the first week of October, according to a department memo.
A shutdown lasting longer than one week would be difficult:
"A protracted delay in department obligations and payments beyond one week would severely curtail the cash flow to school districts, colleges and universities, and vocational rehabilitation agencies that depend on the department to support their services," the memo states.
Ice Age Trail
The National Park Service's Volunteers-In-Parks program has been suspended, so the Ice Age Trail Alliance is shutting down its volunteer programs.
Volunteers-In-Parks provides medical and liability coverage to those volunteering for the Ice Age National Scenic Trail, which the alliance considers essential. The trail includes parts of Rock and Walworth counties.
The alliance announced Tuesday it is halting trail-building and maintenance, volunteer-led group hikes and other functions involving volunteers until further notice.
Social Security
While Social Security and Supplemental Security Income payments will continue with no change in payment dates, the Social Security office on Academy Street in Janesville is open with limited services.
Staff is available to help with:
-- Benefit applications.
-- Appeal requests.
-- Changes of address or direct deposit information.
-- Death reports.
-- Citizenship status.
-- Replacement of a lost or missing payment.
-- Issuance of a critical payment.
-- Changes in representative payees.
-- Processing of changes in living arrangements or income, for SSI recipients only.
During the shutdown, the office is not issuing new or replacement Social Security cards, replacing Medicare cards or issuing proof of income letters.
During the shutdown, the agency won't have enough staff to schedule new hearings for those applying for disability benefits. And the Veterans Appeal Board will be closed, which means veterans appealing decisions on disability benefits will have to wait until the shutdown ends.
Rock County Job Center
All services are open and available, said Bob Borremans, executive director of the Southwest Wisconsin Workforce Development Board, which operates the center in Janesville.
"We should be OK to provide services, and people should just come on in," Borremans said.
People enrolled in specific adult and dislocated worker programs should be able to continue their training, but the program cannot add new expenses through enrollments, Borremans said, adding that the job center would contact affected people.
If the shutdown lasts more than two or three weeks, Borremans said, case managers likely would be furloughed.
"But we're not to that point yet," he said.
Southern Wisconsin Regional Airport
Earlier this year, it was announced that the airport tower in Janesville would be closed due to the federal budget sequestration. In late April, Congress passed a bill to allow the Federal Aviation Commission to restore funding through the end of the fiscal year, Sept. 30.
Earl Arrowood, manager of airport tower in Janesville, said he recently received notice that funding for the tower was extended through the end of October.
The current government shutdown would not effect the tower because air traffic controllers are considered "essential services," Arrowood said.
Local offices of the United States Department of Agriculture
The Farm Service Agency and National Resources Conservation Services offices on Highway 14 are closed, said Tom Sweeney, Rock County land conservationist.
The county's land conservation department is located in the same building as the USDA offices, and the organizations often work together.
Conservation reserve payments usually go out shortly after Oct. 1 but will not do so until the offices reopen, Sweeney said.
The conservation reserve program takes marginal farmland and transforms it into buffer strips, windbreaks or wildlife cover.� The program helps reduce soil erosion, improves water quality and adds to wildlife habitat.
Farmers receive stipends and enter cost sharing agreements to cover their costs.
In addition, the county's land conservation office no longer has access to shared equipment such as survey-grade GPS, Sweeney said.
Some of the county staff also use federal computer services for federal conservation plans.
The national USDA website is not available.
UW Extension Nutrition Education Program
The program, which is funded with federal dollars, works with low-income and at risk families throughout the state.� The local office is in Beloit.
"At present, we have been urged by the Department of Health Services to continue our education programs, at least for the near future," Laurie Boyce, state program director, said in an e-mail.
An interim plan will keep the program going for at least three months, Boyce said.
Women, Infant and Children (WIC) program
The program helps pregnant women and new mothers buy nutritional food. The USDA said many programs have funding to continue for a short period, according to an Associated Press report.
Congressional offices
The Janesville constituent service office of Rep. Paul Ryan, R-1st District, remains open. Rep. Mark Pocan, D-2nd District, also said he is keeping his offices open.
Sen. Tammy Baldwin, D-Wis., closed her offices, citing the shutdown as the reason. Sen. Ron Johnson, R-Wis., reportedly is keeping his offices open with a skeleton staff.
The difference appears to be an interpretation of the rules by different members of Congress. Congress members could either furlough an employee or deem the employee "essential," so the employee is required to work.
Furloughed staff members are barred by law from volunteering their time.
Those who work during the shutdown are not paid, according to the rules. Congress in the past has passed legislation to pay congressional employees retroactively after shutdowns, but such pay is not guaranteed.
The Constitution requires that members of Congress be paid during the shutdown. Ryan is donating his pay during the shutdown to charity.


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Todays aquisition
Looks like just a regular vehicle but wait till I pop the hatch
Todays Aquisition still in the car aint they purdy?
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Some of the best fuckings we get during our lifetime come from a relative!
I don't kiss ass, I dont take peoples shit, so dont expect it from me!


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State Views: Sen. Ron Johnson's mail votes anger crucial Wisconsin industry
U.S. Sen. Ron Johnson, R-Wis., is in the political doghouse of Wisconsin's largest industry.
At issue are Johnson's tea-party rhetoric and committee votes on postal-reform legislation. Postal votes are a vital issue for the multifaceted mailing industry, which accounts for more than $26 billion in annual economic activity and employs more than 180,000 Wisconsin residents.
The industry warns that ever-increasing mail rates will become a disincentive that will lead to companies finding other ways to communicate with their customers. The industry had supported an amendment advanced by U.S. Sen. Tammy Baldwin, D-Wis., that would have retained the existing power of the Postal Regulatory Commission and kept the latest increase as a "temporary" measure.
Johnson criticized the Baldwin amendment at a session of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee, saying higher rates "could put jobs at risk," but added, "My job is to protect the American taxpayer."
He added: "…We cannot continue down this path of the postal system potentially being on the hook or making the American taxpayer being on the hook for tens of millions of dollars over the next 10 years if we do nothing."
Wisconsin's mailing and publishing industry quickly issued a sharp rebuke to Johnson. It issued a public letter signed by top paper and mailing industry executives and officials at 52 newspapers. It noted the mailing industry provides about 90 percent of Postal Service revenue.
"We are confused by your taxpayer statement, considering the fact the Postal Service is funded solely by revenue from postage, most of it paid by mailing customers like us. No taxpayer dollars are used to fund the Postal Service," the industry letter said.
"The real threat to the American taxpayer is allowing the Postal Service to price mailing out of the market, causing steep declines in mail volume that will further destabilize the Postal Service financially and lead to a taxpayer bailout," the industry letter continued.
"Postal reform is critical, but only if it accomplishes the goal of encouraging customers to use the Postal Service, which in turn will keep business costs reasonable and protect Wisconsin jobs," the letter said as the committee prepared for a decision.
"Wisconsin's businesses and hardworking citizens who rely on the Postal Service are depending on you. We ask that you join your fellow senator from Wisconsin and allow the Postal Service to right-size, innovate, reform health care costs and create a postal system which reflects the 21st century," it concluded.
Baldwin's plan never got a chance. The committee chair offered a plan that advanced to the floor of the U.S. Senate and that severely limits the power of the Postal Regulatory Commission. Joel Quadracci, chief executive of the printing-industry giant QuadGraphics, told the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel the industry was "disappointed" in the committee's actions.
"It will result in reduced mail volumes and further acerbate the Postal Service's financial trouble," Quadracci said.
Johnson's response to the industry letter suggested he hadn't changed his emphasis on the taxpayer. "The Postal Service is on a crash course. If it is not fixed, it will need a taxpayer-funded bailout," he said.
There are many elements of the industry, including small, medium and large firms. It includes paper manufacturers, publishers, marketers, catalogers, magazines and newspapers. In Wisconsin, it means a lot of jobs.
Jobs are among the biggest political issues in Wisconsin's 2014 election year. Gov. Scott Walker is going to have a tough time keeping his 2010 promise of 250,000 more jobs. The Republican Party has tried to shift the debate, saying Democratic gubernatorial candidate Mary Burke has no plan at all.
There clearly is a difference between Wisconsin's two senators—one a Republican; the other a Democrat. Each put a different stamp on the mail issue.
Matt Pommer writes this Wisconsin Newspaper Association weekly state government newsletter. He is dean of the state Capitol correspondents, having covered government action in Madison for 36 years. Contact him by email at email@example.com.


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For over 50 years, Mitsubishi has remained at the forefront of the mini split industry thanks to their dedication to providing efficient, user-friendly comfort solutions. This is a five zone mini split system designed to give you individual control over the temperature in multiple rooms. An efficient MXZ-5C42NA2 outdoor condenser, built with advanced technology, is combined with quiet wall-mounted MSZ-GL indoor units and five wireless remote controllers for the perfect marriage of convenience and comfort. With multiple operating modes, multiple fan speeds, and multiple airflow directions, this is a system that fits the needs of nearly any home.
Product Features
Precision Temperature Control Technology
The MXZ-5C42NA2 outdoor condenser is equipped with inverter technology and an electronic linear expansion valve. These components improve temperature accuracy and system efficiency through precise adjustments of both compressor speed and refrigerant flow.
Advanced Filtration System
MSZ-GL model indoor units combine a hybrid catechin deodorizing filter with an enzyme-based filter for managing allergens. The anti-allergy filter not only captures the offending particles, it also breaks them down, cleaning the air as it is conditioned.
In heating mode, Mitsubishi's hot start technology prevents cold drafts by stalling fan operation while the heat exchanger is warming up.
Smart Set
Mitsubishi's Smart Set function allows you to save a cooling profile and a heating profile, each consisting of a temperature, a fan speed, and an airflow direction. These profiles can be activated easily with a press of the Smart Set button on the remote controller while in the relevant operating mode.
Econo Cool Mode
By slowly adjusting the cooling set point and swinging the horizontal vanes, the MSZ-GL mini split indoor units can improve the efficiency of cooling operations without compromising the comfort provided.
When the indoor unit is run in dry mode, the coil's temperature stays just below the dew point of the return air, removing unwanted moisture. This improves your comfort and reduces both mold growth and the chance of property damage in the conditioned space.
Vane Control
Optimal air flow is easy to achieve with Mitsubishi's MSZ-GL mini split indoor units thanks to the vane control option. This function provides access to five different horizontal vane positions, an auto mode, and a swing mode. Auto mode selects the best vane position based on operating mode and swing mode cycles through all positions for maximum coverage.
Product Includes
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Product Note
This product requires the following accessories for installation:
- Line Set - This double insulated tubing transfers refrigerant efficiently between your outdoor condenser and indoor units.
- Drain Tubing - Drain tubing facilitates the reliable and effective removal of condensate from your system. It connects your indoor units to drain locations of your choosing.
- Disconnect Box & Electrical Whip Kit - The Disconnect Box & Whip Kit provides a safe and simple way to connect your outdoor condenser to your fuse box.
- Connecting Wire - This durable, insulated wire provides power to your indoor units from your outdoor condenser.
- Base Pan Heater - The base pan heater prevents ice from building up on the outdoor unit. Excessive ice build will lead to performance issues and could damage your unit.
- Outdoor Condenser Plastic Pad (Optional) - This pad provides an even surface, free of debris, on which to place your outdoor condenser.
- Wall Bracket (Optional) - A simple and sturdy way to mount your outdoor condenser off of the ground.
Adding these accessories to your order will provide a complete, ready-to-install mini split system.


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The Chicago Park District keeps youth active on Lincoln's birthday, Tuesday, Feb. 12, with the Use Your Words workshop hosted by the TRACE: Teens Re-Imagining Art, Community and Environment program from 10 a.m. – 3 p.m. at the South Shore Cultural Center, 7059 S. South Shore Dr. Admission is free.
The keynote speaker for the event is teen poet Malcolm London from Young Chicago Authors. Presenters for the workshops include: Columbia College, Arts/Entertainment/Media Management; FluidContent.com; Red Clay Dance Company; Intonation Music Workshop; ElevArte Community Studio; and many others. The event will be hosted by activist and emcee TehRay "Phenom" Hale with performances from Austin Town Hall Park dancers, Kuumba Lynx and Psalm One.
In addition to performances, teens can participate in dialogues about how media and modern technology affect youth, as well as visual arts presentations. There will also be discussions on social justice, community building and environmental leadership.
Presenters for this year's workshops will base their content on the guiding question, "Who else but us?" The question is aimed to spark dialogue and draw attention to youth agency and self-advocacy for issues affecting them and their communities as a whole, as well as opportunities for youth to support positive change.
Participants in the 2013 Use Your Words workshops will be provided lunch and service learning hours are also available. Youth can register online here or call 773-947-9603 for more information.
TRACE is a jobs-focused teen leadership program run by the Chicago Park District. It cultivates young creative activists to advocate for and create change within their local and wider communities. TRACERs do this by using art processes to engage in dialogue, bridge-building and problem-solving. TRACE defines creative activism as a process that engages the public on an issue, employs the arts to bring people together, and uses the art event/moment as an opportunity for connection and further action.
« Back


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New radioPup Update Adds Alarm Clock, Sleep Timer + More
Listening to B98.5 on the go just got ever better! A new update (version 3.0) for our mobile listening app radioPup has added some great new features listeners have been clamoring for, including the ability to wake up to your favorite radio station each morning.
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- Unplugging headphones now pauses playback like built in iTunes app


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Global Environmental Change
Discussion of the distribution and abundance of living organisms and how these properties are affected by interactions between the organisms and their environment
Moderator: BioTeam
Re: Global Environmental Change
So you believe that God wanted the humankind to suffer?
and who made you think like that? or what drove you to say that? a bitter anger or frustration?
and who invented that game? the game was driven to what the most of us is believing and accounted that it's the same as what God seem to be doing to us (totally crap thought that humans just wanted to believe).
and how sure are you for that one? it looks like just driven by a man's conceited idea, speak of those who are totally egomaniacs because it's just so easy to say things like that, raise an issue that God is so happy for it, very sour and it blames God for such tragedy. Why not blame our human activities for such drastic global changes? 200 000 Haitians is nothing compared to the death toll (which includes human lives and the environment) of the previous atomic bombings and the like. So he just wasted the lives of those Haitians? what do you want to see? a miracle so you may believe and pull back your words? remember, not even His Son was spared but His death was not a waste. You are definitely China landing for that. Someone you don't see put words in your mind and it's definitely controlling you now. Gotta sense it man!
---Just one act of random kindness at a time and you can change the world---
Re: Global Environmental Change
I think a miracle would suffice. But it should be a miracle that is witnessed by many people of different faiths, and by people without religion. If possible, God could make the date and place of his miracle known beforehand, so we could take tv-cameras and stuff there to record it as a proof.
An optimal miracle would also be something that is clearly a miracle, like a blue whale emerging from the river Thames and levitating 20 metres above the river right next to Big Ben and telling the passers-by and tourists that he is the Messenger of God. If possible, in all languages known by the tourists swarming in that area.
I don't think that is too much asked from God. After all, he is a god.
If the abovementioned happened, I would instantly take my words back. No wait, I wouldn't... he still didn't prvent those Haitians from dying, I am bit upset about that. But I'd definitely believe there was a god after that.
A public mircale would be good, but a public appearance from God himself would be super! That would shut the trap of all doubters!
What I would not want to experience is that God appeared to me when I am alone. It would not only be very scary, but I would probably also just assume I am out of my mind if I heard things like gods talking to me.
So, God, if you exist and listen to us mortals, would it be too much asked if you revealed yourself to us properly, or at least made a blue whale to come out of Thames and talk to us on your behalf? Thank you very much!
Re: Global Environmental Change
You asked just the way the Pharisees did. It's like history repeats itself.
---Just one act of random kindness at a time and you can change the world---
Re: Global Environmental Change
Oh. Did the Pharisees receive their miracle?
I haven't got mine yet, but it was only yesterday I asked. I understand God is a busy man, but I hope he doesn't keep me waiting too long :)
Re: Global Environmental Change
I'm sorry if it turned you off.
---Just one act of random kindness at a time and you can change the world---
The climate change is a communist traitor plot to stop the well-being and propserity of the god-fearing and devoted Republicans in the United States of America. Oh, and those goddamn treehuggers and hippies, they are also against us!! The climate change is a fake theory just like evolution, only there to mislead our children away from God and to make them smoke weed and support gay marriage and practice premarital sex. Hell, they probably make our children to drive small cars and recycle and eat only vegetables. Stop this maddness before it is too late!
Re: Global Environmental Change
"abrupt climate change could bring the planet to the edge of anarchy"
Hmmm, well in my neck of the woods it's been 42 degrees centigrade (108 Degrees Fahrenheit) for the last two days. While I don't yet harbor murderous intent, I can tell you I am far from happy.
"catastrophic" shortages of potable water and energy will lead to widespread war by 2020."
Isn't this how 'Road Warrior' (Mad Max) begins?
Last edited by canalon on Sun Jul 04, 2010 3:45 am, edited 1 time in total.
Reason: LOL Spam removed
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