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Child completed heroin sales when adults away from home: Court documents
JANESVILLE--When Jamie Jacobson wasn't at his Janesville home to complete heroin sales, he had a child in the home unknowingly make the sales, according to court documents.
The child was aware of Jamie Jacobson's heroin use, he told police, but the child didn't know buyers were picking up heroin at the home.
Jacobson told police that on two occasions he made arrangements for heroin users to come to his home after instructing the child to tell the buyer to leave the money in a specific location and to take a DVD containing heroin.
The child did not handle the heroin, Jacobson told police.
Jacobson and his wife were arrested Tuesday after they sold drugs to an informant, according to police. That night, police executed a search warrant at their home, seizing heroin, marijuana, prescription medicines and drug paraphernalia, according to a police news release.
Jamie L. Jacobson, 32, and Jennifer L. Jacobson, 27, both of 422 Milton Ave., made initial appearances in Rock County Court on Thursday via video from the Rock County Jail.
According to court documents, the couple's arrests came after:
-- A Janesville police officer Aug. 30 watched a confidential informant buy Xanax pills for $50 from Jennifer Jacobson at the Wal-Mart store in Janesville.
The informant told police he had initially called Jamie Jacobson to buy heroin, but Jacobson said he didn't have any. Jacobson told the informant his wife had Xanax bars for $5 each at the Subway inside Wal-Mart where she worked.
-- Tuesday an officer watched outside as the informant bought 1.5 grams of heroin from the child at the couple's home Tuesday. Jamie Jacobson told the informant in phone calls that the child was at the home and would sell him the heroin, which was in a CD case. The informant gave the child $50, and the child pointed to a CD case containing a large sandwich bag with heroin.
-- Tuesday the informant bought 1.5 grams of heroin from Jennifer Johnson at a predetermined location.
After his arrest, Jamie Jacobson told police he uses "a couple hundred dollars a day" worth of heroin. He denied being a dealer but said he and his friends pooled their money, he bought heroin and gave it to his friends.
Jamie Jacobson is charged with using a child to distribute drugs, party to a crime of delivering heroin, party to a crime of delivery of Xanax, second-offense possession of marijuana and maintaining a drug trafficking place.
Jennifer Jacobson is charged with maintaining a drug trafficking place, delivery of Xanax, possession/illegally obtained prescription and second-offense possession of marijuana.
Assistant District Attorney Mary Bricco sought a "substantial" cash bond for Jamie Jacobson, citing his history of thefts, bail jumping and a felony escape in 2006.
"Obviously, this is an extremely serious case," she said. "The state has an extremely strong case against the defendant, and I am certain we will be seeking a lengthy prison sentence as the time of conviction and sentencing."
Assistant public defender Ryan Hendricks asked for a $500 cash bond because Jamie Jacobson is in custody on a probation hold, which would ensure his appearance in court, he said. He also has a "general inability to pay" and "strong ties to the community," Hendricks said.
Court commissioner Stephen Meyer released Jennifer Jacobson on a signature bond but ordered Jamie Jacobson held on a $7,000 cash bond. Both were ordered to have no contact with the child involved in the alleged drug deliveries.
They are scheduled to be back in court Wednesday, Sept. 18.


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Microorganisms and organic preservation?
About microscopic forms of life, including Bacteria, Archea, protozoans, algae and fungi. Topics relating to viruses, viroids and prions also belong here.
Moderator: BioTeam
2 posts • Page 1 of 1
Microorganisms and organic preservation?
I was wondering if someone could help me. After weeks of research it is driving me crazy! Any help would be greatly, greatly, greatly appreciated! I am looking for someone that could help me understand the chemical reactions and processes of fruit and vegetable preservation and could suggest processes that will work with what I am trying to create. I am a artist that is working with fruits and vegetables who is trying to create vegetable and fruit paper bowls here are some examples:
I have done some research on line and I am still having problems understanding the preservation of the organic materials and color. I have looked into food storage and preservation techniques removing sugars, water, and microorganisms that cause browning. I have researched processes like brinning, curing, freeze drying, fermenting, dehumidifying, aging, and adding ascorbic acid. So far I have found one process that sort of worked with kiwis. I sliced the kiwis into thin flat slices with a mandolin slicer, I then arranged the slices overlapping them into a circular shape and placed it in between two pieces of paper towel. I then microwaved it for short periods of time each time replacing the moist paper towels to remove most of the water. Then I sandwiched it with newspapers and pressed it in between to large pieces of particle board with a cinder block on top for extra weight, similar to how you would press flowers. I changed out the wet paper with dry paper every day for about 4 days which seemed to press it into the mailable paper material I needed as well as taking the remaining moisture out of the kiwi. The microwave heating process seems to attach the slices together as well as get alot of the water out but it is only good for small bowls, it takes some of the color out, and it gives it a slightly cooked or wilted look.
I was thinking about trying a different process of brinning, which is boiling the fruit or vegetable slices in a part salt solution for 3-4 minutes and then shocking it by placing it in ice water which stops the cooking process, arrange the overlapping slices like I did before, then do one good press to get the majority of the water out and then press slowly like I did before. Also I was thinking about misting the shape with ascorbic acid after the initial first press.
I really need advice that can help me know what processes I should be using so that I can make this a success!
Hi, I'm not sure if I understand what you want but, did you try simply change the water for organic solvent that will evaporate? Fix the fruit with protein linking fixative like 2% paraformaldehyde or glutaraldehyde for several days. Put the fixed fruit into serie of organic solvent concentration gradient- 30% ethanol, 50% ethanol, 70% ethanol, 96% ethanol, xylene or acetone...evaporation. Keep the fruit for several hours in each solution. You will se what you get. Or alternatively, once water is changed for organic solvent, you can change organic solvent for some organic chemical that will solidify. For example hot paraffin. However, I'm not sure about colors-pigments could be washed away by organic solvents.
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Mandrake Park
3858 S. Cottage Grove Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60653
Fee: Free
Age Range: Any
Daddy Day CareWhen two men get laid off from their dotcom jobs they must find a way to provide income for their families. Charlie and his friend come up with the hair-brained idea of opening up a day care center in his house. The pair have no idea what they have gotten themselves into in this chaotic comedy.
Rated PG | 92 minutes | 2003
Presented by Charter One, with additional support from RCN.
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text: ancient documents definition December 15, 2017 AZ Dictionary Link to this page noun: Plural kind of ancient document. Plural kind of ancient document. View More How would you define ancient documents? All the definitions on AZdictionary were written by people just like you. Now's your chance to add your own! Your Full Name Your definition Post Definition


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New England: Farm to Table at Formaggio Kitchen
The cheese counter at Formaggio Kitchen is pasted with articles, vintage cheese labels, stickers, helpful tips and lovely old pictures from our early days in business. All are interesting to peruse, but one sticker in particular always resonates with me as I pass it daily – a small, hardly noticeable, green sticker right at the entrance to the counter. It reads, "No Farms, No Food." This statement may seem obvious, but in a time where triple-washed, packaged, pre-cut and peeled vegetables are the norm, it is difficult to remember that everything we eat was grown by farmers in wide spaces, deep in the dirt. By maintaining close relationships with the farmers that produce our food, the gap from field to consumer is ultimately closed and enormous benefits are immediately apparent. Not only is it now possible to know the exact date of harvest, but we can discuss the pest management techniques used on the farm, inquire about the diet of livestock and poultry, and even know the farmer's most recommended crop of the week. With this in mind, Formaggio Kitchen aims to be an equally transparent connection between our customers and farmers. We are happy to talk at length about the practices of each farm and alert customers as to when we receive produce from each grower. Recommending the perfect fruit or vegetable comes naturally when we are so highly tuned into what is happening on the fields! In that spirit, here is an in-depth look at some of our favorite farms and growers in the New England area.
Twice a week, a large, unmarked truck pulls up in front of Formaggio Kitchen before we open for the day. Briefly escaping the hustle of the morning, our head chef Eduardo and I step outside to greet Matthew Linehan from Sparrow Arc Farm.We offer a breakfast of hot coffee and sandwiches while Matt and his assistant pull open the back of the truck, revealing freshly picked produce from the 35 acre farm in Unity, Maine.
Sparrow Arc Farm is an uncertified organic farm, meaning Matt follows USDA organic standards but chooses not to certify with the government. Not many seem to mind – along with Formaggio Kitchen, Matt makes weekly stops at restaurants such as Bondir, Craigie on Main, Harvest, Hungry Mother and Henrietta's Table to name only a few. In a recent interview with Chef's Collaborative, Matt explained, "Growing for chefs has allowed me to specialize in heirloom crops. These crops are part of our history, part of what makes us unique, they hold our stories. Additionally, they taste better, are often more attractive, and are very important to the conservation of biodiversity. Giant Musselburgh Leek, Waldoboro Greenneck Turnip, Rampion, Satan's Kiss Pepper, Reine des Glace Lettuce, Sea Kale, Black Futsu Squash, and over 100 other heirloom varieties are only grown on this farm because we love to do it and our customers support it." It's true, Eduardo and I could easy linger for hours – nibbling on samples of crisp, pear-like kohlrabi, peppery crinkle cress, black Spanish radishes and several varieties of heirloom kale. We are truly grateful to be working with such a fantastic grower and excited to offer such interesting, exclusive produce to our customers.
Red Fire Farm is an organic farm in Massachusetts covering 160 acres of land split between the towns of Granby and Montague. Started officially in 2001 by Ryan Voiland, Red Fire Farm is settled on rich, alluvial soils that were deposited by the glacial melt flooding of the nearby Connecticut and Sawmill Rivers, making the soil among the most fertile in all of New England. (Once, upon opening a muddy box of fresh golden beets from Ryan, I exclaimed that I could not believe how gorgeous a simple root vegetable could be – the secret appears to lie in the soil!) In addition, the land in Granby allows for more effective soil building and crop rotation than could be achieved on a single piece of land. A few of our staff members receive weekly CSA boxes from Red Fire Farm, which also includes access to Granby for pick-your-own produce, herbs, and flowers. This June, I was happy to be invited along. Needless to say, one of my greatest memories this summer was arriving upon a large patch of strawberries in the heat of the afternoon – the sweet, sticky smell of strawberries perfumed the air so strongly that the wooden signs marking the crops were completely unnecessary. This farm and its fertile New England soil are absolutely perfect for growing vegetables and each delivery proves this to be true time and time again.
The first time I met with Eric from Rockville Market Farm, Cambridge was still in the final throes of winter. Not a single shoot of arugula had emerged from the soil and yet here was Eric, huddled in our wine section, completely animated with talk of spring chickens. In late April, the 25-acre farm in Starksboro, Vermont welcomed the arrival of 1,000 laying hens. Now, the farm's pastured eggs, appropriately dubbed "Eric's Eggs" are free range and collected by hand each day. The girls are housed in two mobile, scissor truss structures and are protected from coyotes with skid housing. Aerial predators, such as owls and hawks, are deterred by two stunning Maremma sheepdogs, Molly and Emmett. Upon opening my first brightly colored carton of eggs from Rockville, I instantly realized why Eric was so thrilled to be expanding his egg business – each egg was a beautiful speckled brown, containing a glowing orange yolk. Local elementary schools in Starksboro are lucky enough to receive these eggs in their cafeterias. One important step that Rockville has taken before many others – supplying natural, delicious and local food to young students in New England. Without a doubt, Eric and his crew at Rockville Market Farm are extremely passionate and knowledgeable, not only with respect to the technical aspects of farming, but about the entire food movement across the United States. I am truly humbled to work alongside such dedicated people. Right now, we have both fresh greens and eggs from Rockville Market Farm. Their mesclun mix is hearty, yet delicate and clean. The arugula tastes of spice and fresh lemons. Be sure to look for their eggs in our dairy case – the label is unmistakable! (And so cute, you won't want to throw it away – peel it off and hang it on the fridge!)
Four Star Farms, located in Northfield, Massachusetts are among the rare growers of grains, hops and sod in New England. Grown and milled on-site on their 85-acre farm, their wheatberries, barley, herbs and flours are incredibly fresh, sustainable and responsibly cultivated with both the environment and the community in mind. By using soil fertility and nutrition management as well as natural pest control methods, the L'Etoile family holistically approaches grains in a unique, deliberate manner. While we have just recently started working with the L'Etoile family, it was immediately clear that their farming practices were far ahead of many commercial brands. Elizabeth L'Etoile, the director of sales and marketing on the farm, is always eager to send us samples of any of the farm's grains – and all of them have been outstanding in quality and performance in the kitchen. Currently we only offer their hulled barley, but we will soon be introducing coarse corn meal (perfect for polenta!), spelt flour and wheatberries onto our shelves. Thanks to the L'Etoile family at Four Star Farms, the idea of "eating locally" is truly expanded from produce into New England-grown, hearty grains and flours and we hope to continue business with them for a long time.
This brief glimpse into the fields of New England is but a small picture of the whole. While the practices and methods of the farms are important, it is the intimate relationship between the farmers, their families and the staff at Formaggio Kitchen that enriches my work in the produce department. Ultimately, however, it is our customers who bring these fruits of the harvest to life in their own kitchens, with their families or around the dinner table.
*Please note: the photos in this post for Red Fire Farm, Four Star Farms and Rockville Market Farms were sourced from their respective web sites.
Emily Shannon is a cooking enthusiast and works in the produce department and as a cheesemonger at Formaggio Kitchen Cambridge.


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Marey's Law
For discussing the functions of different structures of all organisms.
Moderator: BioTeam
10 posts • Page 1 of 1
Marey's Law
I know that Marey's law states that there is a inverse relationship between Rate of heartbeat and blood pressure.
But I wanna know what is the mechanism of this law.
Please help me.
I am The Intelligent Designer, but I don't think I exist.
Well it's simple, your heart doesn't need more pressure as its rate increases. For example, when someone is losing a lot of blood and is going into shock, breathing increases and the heart beats faster. As the heart beats faster, the blood pressure goes down. And while rigorous activity like running, blood vessels dilate so I don't believe that more pressure is needed, but just a more constant supply of oxygenated is, as provided by the increased heart rate. But that's just my hypothesis.
Re: I am The Intelligent Designer, but I don't think I exist
I think it beats faster because the pressure is low, it's an effect not a cause.
Living one day at a time;
Enjoying one moment at a time;
Accepting hardships as the pathway to peace;
The amount of O2 carried with low pressure is not enough for your tissues, so heart beats faster to pump more blood to tissues.
It matters not how strait the gate
How charged with punishment the scroll
I am the Master of my fate
I am the Captain of my soul.
Re: I am The Intelligent Designer, but I don't think I exist
This isn't exactly related to the original question, but just want to make a note on this here...
In early stages of shock, blood pressure is maintained at a relatively constant level (compensated shock), even though heart rate and respirations increase (to increase perfusion of oxygen and blood flow), because blood is shunted to the vital/core organs (in other words, distal/peripheral blood vessels constrict, which prevents blood pressure from falling further).
In decompensated (late) shock, blood pressure begins to fall due to a loss of blood and overall decreased volume.
Re: Marey's Law
- The influence of arterial blood pressure on heart rate is dependent upon the baroreceptors, which are found in the aortic arch and the carotid sinus
- Changes in HR from baroreceptor activation is due to reciprocal changes in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
- These changes occur with little or great changes in pressure
- With small changes in pressure, there are minor autonomic changes
- Great changes in pressure can totally shut down the sympathetic nervous system, and the opposite is true in cases of severe hypotension
This law can be simply explained by the following mechanism
firstly we know that baroreceptors (which found in aortic arch and carotid sinus) are sensetive to changes in Blood pressure
when the blood pressure is elevated...baroreceptors are activated and sending afferent vagal impluses to the CAC (Cardio-acceleratory center) and CIC (cardio-inhibitory center) in the brain stem.....as a result CAC is inhibited and subsequently CIC is activated by reciprocal inhibition
so efferent vagal impluses are sent to the SAN(Sino-atrial node) in the heart inhibiting its excitatory impluses and by this way the heart rate is decreased
The significance of this reflex is that to allow more time for the heart to be filled with blood so increasing the initial lenght of the cardiac muscle and according to starling law...stronger contraction of the cardiac muscle to overcome the resistance existed in the aorta by the elevated Blood pressure
Re: Marey's Law
the mechanism is just as Dr.Mostafa explained . i'll comment on the significance and to do so i'll add that the afferent impulses from the baroreceptors are carried through the 9th(glossopharangeal) and 10th ( vagus ) cranial nerves which are called the buffer nerves .. the significance is to maintain normal value of arterial blood pressure (ABP) rapidly as hypotention may cause fainting and coma if severe and hypertention may cause cerebral haemorrhage if sudden and severe .. Actually marey's law is only one mechanism done by the buffer nerves to maintain ABP at normal value.. First , the general equation to calculate the ABP is C.O.P (CARDIAC OUT PUT ) × PR ( peripheral resistance of the blood veseles)..
other mechanisms done through these buffer nerves ( if ABP is elevated for example ) are :
1- inhibition of the vasomotor centers in the brain and spinal cord leading to peripheral vasodilatation ( decreasing the peripheral resistance )
2- inhibition of adrenaline secretory center in the medulla oblongata of the brain stem ( adrenaline is a potent vasoconstrictor ) so, decreasing the peripheral resistance .
3- inhibition of respiratory center to decrease venous blood which returns to the heart mainly by sucction blood through the negativity of the intra-thoracic cavity during inspiration . so decreasing the C.O.P
4- C.O.P is also decreased by by decreasing heart rate ( marey's law )
so hte net result is decreasing both C.O.P and PR . thus decreasing the elevated ABP ..
all these reflexes are done at the same time ..
this is only for the significance and how the body will deal with such circumistance as long as the cause of hypertention doesn't affect these mechanisms .. marey's law explained before is applied when all other factors affecting blood pressure remain constant
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Brewed by North Coast Brewing Co.
Irish Stout5.6% ABV53 IBU
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Smooth, firm-bodied stout with the toasted character and coffee notes of roasted malts
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Sweet Stout7.8% ABV
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American Porter6.6% ABV20 IBU
Isley Brewing CompanyRichmond, VA
Available at very few places nearby
Roasted barley and chocolate malts give it a rich flavor with a hint of roast. Oats and light carbonation make it creamy with a full body!


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Resources for Teachers in the Sacramento Area
Are you a teacher looking for employment in the Sacramento, California area? Interested in working for a school? Maybe we can help. Click here to visit our local employment opportunities page to see a list of opportunities in your area.
Looking for information on Common Core Standards?
Teachers, parents and community leaders have all weighed in to help create the Common Core State Standards. The standards clearly communicate what is expected of students at each grade level. This will allow our teachers to be better equipped to know exactly what they need to help students learn and establish individualized benchmarks for them. The standards focus on core conceptual understandings and procedures starting in the early grades, thus enabling teachers to take the time needed to teach core concepts and procedures well - and to give students the opportunity to master them. To learn more about California Common Core click here.Looking for information about Crocker/Riverside Elementary School?
- Contact Information - address, phone, fax, email for Crocker/Riverside Elementary
- School map, location & directions
- Sacramento City Unified District information
- Directory of all schools in the Sacramento City Unified District - click here
- About the local Sacramento, CA area
- California education and school news - click here
Are you a teacher or administrator at Crocker/Riverside Elementary?
Sign up with WebSchoolPro, and every teacher at your school will be able to create their own virtual classrooms. Teacher pages can be quickly and easily edited from any computer with a supported web browser connected to the internet. No software to install and no technical expertise required.
Parents and students can even subscribe to receive email notifications whenever the content of a particular page changes!


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Why I believe in Creation
Discussion of everything related to the Theory of Evolution.
Moderator: BioTeam
Why I believe in Creation
Hey I am a teenager that randomly came across this site while I was researching, and I felt led by the Lord to say something. First of all, I believe that to have an argument that will actually benefit the two parties involved you cannot just throw dirt on the other person's belief system, I am not going to do that, and I really don't like hearing of people who do(including and espescially Christians who believe in a Creationist viewpoint, the Bible says we are to be a light to the world, not judges!) Second, there really is no solid proof for either of the two viewpoints, or the Evolutionary theory, would not be a theory, but if you would like to know why I believe in Creation, it is because I believe that it fits better, Charles Darwin once said that evolution takes more faith to believe in than Creation. If you go back to the origins of both viewpoints, that is to say that if you asked a Creationist where God came from, or if you asked an Evolutionist where matter came from, you end up with either an eternal Intelligent Designer(God) or eternal matter. It takes much less faith to believe in an eternal Intelligent Designer than eternal matter. Many people believe that because Evolution is taught in schools and pushed by the media, that science proves the Evolutionary theory, but that is not so, there are so many gaps in both viewpoints that people on both sides use against each other for example: if a Creationist asked an Evolutionist why there are no transitional forms, of course the Evolutionist will answer that we just haven't discovered any yet, just as the Creationist would defend his viewpoint with an answer that cannot be proved. The thing is there are so many things in this earth that suggest an intelligent designer, rather than random chance. I know that there are lots more things that could be said on both viewpoints, but I am only a teenager and I am trying not to turn this into a lengthy dissertation, so I will leave it at that. I would like to hear anything you have to say, and if you find anything that I said that is wrong, just send me a message and I'll correct my mistakes
Thanks, God Bless You
Last edited by Jonl1408 on Wed Mar 16, 2011 7:59 pm, edited 2 times in total.
"The scientific establishment bears a grisly resemblance to the Spanish Inquisition"-D. Gould
Hi and welcome.
well, your first mistake is, that creation and evolution are not competitors.
First, the life had to come up, either by creation, abiogenesis or whatever.
Then, there is question, whether life evolved since creation/appearance or is the same forever.
Well, we can see around us quite lots of examples of evolution even nowadays, one just needs to read more about the nature...
Regarding the creation, maybe for you it's easier to believe in some God, for me it's easier to believe there is any. It would be even easier believe, that alies brougth life to Earth
But if there was any "Inteligent" Designer, he wouldn't be that inteligent, because one can see, how many mistakes in previous development has been blindly corrected by subsequent evolution.
Cis or trans? That's what matters.
You need to do some more reading - your premises are flawed, basically the same lies that have been presented to Christians for decades. You're trusting very untrustworthy sources - and by that I don't mean the book, but people who are so threatened by actual evidence that they actively lie about it. Even the Darwin quote is hopelessly out of context.
For instance, no transitional forms? Have you checked?
Re: Why I believe in Creation + why there is no proof for either
as to the first comment by Jack Bean I should have specified that I meant "divine creation", and that there is no doubt that these two are in conflict with one another, because God couldn't possibly have used evolution for several reasons: here is one, on the third day God created plants, which if God had used millions of years for one "day" of creation, the plants wouldn't have survived till the fourth day on which he created the sun. As to why I believe in creation, its not just "easier" to believe in divine creation, but it shows itself throughout his creation, man just cannot stand the thought that there is a God who is many times wiser than they are. Oh, and what are the "mistakes" that you are talking about?
As to the second comment by Darby, I know that the Darwin quote is out of context but I couldn't remember the exact words, and as to transitional forms, would you mind giving some examples?
"The scientific establishment bears a grisly resemblance to the Spanish Inquisition"-D. Gould
I guess it all comes back to our presuppositions of Creation and evolution, for a Creationist they are: that in the beginning God created the heavens and the earth, that the Bible is God's word, that God created the world in six days about 6000 years ago, and that about 4500 years ago a worldwide flood destroyed all animals and humans except for those aboard the Ark which God commanded Noah to build.
For an evolutionist they would be: There is no God, that everything came from nothing or from random chance, that people and animals evolved from common ancestors over billions of years, and that homology proves the evolution of all humans and animals.
There is no way to prove any of those, and I believe that there never will be, and that it all comes back to how much faith you have.
"The scientific establishment bears a grisly resemblance to the Spanish Inquisition"-D. Gould
The problem is that the evolutionist/scientific approach use facts and hypothesis based on observed phenomena to make hypothesis about what happened in the past. And the check that the hypothesis are coherent with other observed facts. That is science work.
The evolutionist pulls facts out of his a$$ or from a book written in the past by people who had no clue nor explanation about the world other than very basic observation and what they could make up to protect their power over their tribe.
So, neither can prove anything, but if I have to make a choice, I'd rather trust scientist that are working hard to develop a coherent explanation of our world and change it when the facts are opposed to their hypothesis rather than any goat/camel/sheep/herder from 2000 years ago who wanted to have the member of the tribe bring him food to intercede with higher powers rather than actually work by himself. Besides why would the biblical myth f the creation would be more true than any other myth of creation? There are many more documented, some way older than the christian one, any many way more entertaining.
And you are also right about faith, it all depends in the amount of faith, obscurantism and gobbled-up made-up explanation you are ready to let muddy your vision of the world. If you rather stay blind and keep your brain passively accepting explanation provided by people who are more interested in your devotion (to their interest) than to critical thinking, you are welcome to do so. But I suggest that you do not try to use logic to convince anyone of your assertions, you cannot win.
Science has proof without any certainty. Creationists have certainty without
any proof. (Ashley Montague)
Oh and by the way:
I do not exist. Neither does the rest of the world. It is all a figment of your imagination. There is nothing but what you imagine. And I am the terribly nagging part of your brain that would like you to start engaging your critical abilities, rather than passively accepting the ''divine word''.
You are welcome to try to prove that the real world do really exist
Mind you, you could commit any form of suicide, if I am nothing but a figment of your imagination, you should end up fine. Mind you, if I am real that may be a bit more catastrophic... At least you would have proved me wrong, at the risk of your only life. And even if you believe in an afterlife, I seem to remember that the christian doctrine does seriously disapprove of taking short cuts to the heaven and will send you forever in hell for trying to escape this valley of tears before you have lived the prescribed amount of time (I let you think about free will etc.). So in any case I do not suggest you listen to me and try anything more stupid, that will achieve nothing.
Science has proof without any certainty. Creationists have certainty without
any proof. (Ashley Montague)
Thank you for pointing out that science is very important to our beliefs, I have some links here that will explain my views in a scientific fashion, I will refer you to these links since I have many things to write about, and not much time
http://www.answersingenesis.org/creatio ... lution.asp
http://www.answersingenesis.org/get-ans ... opes-trial
http://www.answersingenesis.org/get-ans ... n-features
http://www.answersingenesis.org/get-ans ... ial-organs
Many Creation and Evolution scientists have worked very hard to get these answers and I think that they will help you to understand that scientific evidence shows both sides.
Addressing your comment about the Creationist viewpoint obscuring my view of the world, rather than obscuring it, it clarifies my view of the world. I find that it allows me to understand both sides Creation and Evolution more clearly.
Addressing your Ashley Montague quote, if someone is not certain about their proof then it is not proof, both Creationists and Evolutionists have certainty but have no solid proof, or Evolution and Creation would not be hypotheses.
Proof: the establishment of a fact by the use of evidence
To answer your second comment, if you are saying that besides our senses, all that we have to prove that everything is real, is our faith, then I definitely agree with you.
"The scientific establishment bears a grisly resemblance to the Spanish Inquisition"-D. Gould
Here is the main link, if you have any questions for me, when I am not on, this site should have most of them on it and is a very good place for material.
Here are some more links for you to check out if you have the time, and I think that they are very interesting.
http://www.answersingenesis.org/get-ans ... mics-order
http://www.answersingenesis.org/get-ans ... /mutations
http://www.answersingenesis.org/get-ans ... -selection
http://www.answersingenesis.org/get-ans ... e-evidence
"The scientific establishment bears a grisly resemblance to the Spanish Inquisition"-D. Gould
Re: Why I believe in Creation + why neither can be proved
So, if he assumes evolution, than he misinterpret the evidence, while when he assumes the God, he will properly interpet the data
Cis or trans? That's what matters.
Creation scientist are even less scientist than those you see on TV ads for cosmetics.
Answer in genesis is not a source of scientific knowledge, but just the preaching of people who do not hesitate to ignore fact to keep their fictions alive.
I guess JackBean's excerpt is the demonstration of what is horribly wrong in this website. If when you have to chose between facts and faith, you chose faith, then you cannot be a scientist, what you are is deluded.
Science has proof without any certainty. Creationists have certainty without
any proof. (Ashley Montague)
Jon1408 you made one major mistake in your above posts...you made the statement that creation along with evolution has no solid evidence and cannot be proved. However creation has every bit of proof necessary and much much more! In order to believe that creation is true you first have to believe that the Bible is true. So I will do my best to explain some very basic ways we can know the Bible is truth.
Unlike any other religions the bible was not written by a man trying to come up with hypothetical historical facts. We know this because the writers of the Bible used very specific names, places, and dates that took place thousands of years ago. Now if someone had merely invented this religion and had come up with the Bible he would never have included such details for fear of being disproved! Not only that but the facts listed in the Bible have been proved by archeology! The stories in the Bible are not myths they are true and so much has already been found to prove that but there is much much more to be found still. God knew men would doubt and as a result He gave us answers...you just have to look for them!
Evolution seeks to prove itself on the premise that all things came form nothing, but where have we ever seen such an occurrence before? Everything must come from something, but not only must it come from something but it must come from something more complex not less...for instance where in this physical world have we ever seen a case of something bad becoming something better overtime? And by this I don't mean something like a tadpole becoming a frog...that is evidence for creation not evolution...it is part of the natural cycle of life for frogs. You will never see a tadpole become a frog and then a fish and then grow wings and fly. Could you give me a tangible example of evolution working today?
Why is it that Darwin assumed we came from monkeylike ancestors but there are no creatures in the transitional stages today? Of the history we all agree we have documentation for, have we ever seen any instances of evolution taking place? Darwin never saw any when he came up with the evolution hypothesis, so what was it that he based evolution on? We will do our best to answer your questions but we still have many of our own about evolution.
Evolution relies on a very large amount of faith, much more than it takes to believe in creation...
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A red-bellied woodpecker and his fancy friends
Watch closeups of a woodpecker and his fancy friends—the blue jay, the house finch, and male and female cardinals. Press play and then click the "Full screen" button in the bottom right corner of the video window for a larger view.
Recently, GazetteXtra reader Judy from Orfordville asked what we feed cardinals. We fill our feeding stations along the Rock River with sunflower kernels, peanuts, sunflower seeds, safflower seeds, pistachios, pumpkin seeds, raisins and cranberries. The brand is Wild Delight Nut N' Berry.
Glen Loyd lives on the Rock River in Janesville 15 days a month. He is a former public information officer for Wisconsin Consumer Protection, publishes a weekly consumer protection blog. Glen is a community blogger and is not a part of The Gazette staff. His opinion is not necessarily that of the The Gazette staff or management.


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Last week, The Hackett Group released a report aptly titled "Transforming the Finance Organization: Ambition vs. Reality." It combines the results of two Hackett research projects and reaches the conclusion that finance teams have been biting off more than they can chew when it comes to transformational projects. However, Hackett also finds that finance executives' change agenda in 2013 was considerably more modest than it was a couple years prior—suggesting that ambition in the finance function may be starting to align more closely with reality.
In its 2013 "Key Issues Study," Hackett asked finance executives in a wide range of companies whether their organization has global standards in eight areas: technology infrastructure, key performance indicators (KPIs) and reporting, talent management, master data, centers of excellence/transaction processing centers, setting policies and strategies, designing and building processes, and operations/process execution. See Figure 1, below.
In each of these areas, respondents were asked to pick the category of global standardization that best describes their organization's current state and the category that they expect to reach in the next two to three years. Many respondents selected one category to describe their company's current state (e.g., "predominantly global—51% to 80%") and picked the next category up to describe where they expect to be in a few years (e.g., "maximum global level achievable—more than 80%"). The category with the most respondents reporting that their organization already has global standards was "policy/strategy standards"—19 percent said they're at the maximum level achievable, and 16 percent said they're predominantly global. These numbers are strong, yet 30 percent of respondents expect to reach the maximum level within three years, while 16 percent expect to be predominantly global at that time. If these projects are successful, the proportion of companies at the maximum achievable level of globalization in policy/strategy standards would increase by more than 50 percent in just a few years.
The question is: How likely are they to be successful? "The reality is that over the past two years, the data from our annual 'Key Issues Study' show no measurable increase in the level of global standards across business services," last week's Hackett report states. Lynne Schneider, senior research director with Hackett and one of the report's authors, puts it this way: "Across the board, people are optimistic about how much change they can execute in the next two to three years, relative to what they did in the past two to three years. I think the difference may be ambition versus reality."
Comparing the data from Hackett's latest "Key Issues Study" with the 2011 version of the same survey brings the challenge into stark focus. Look at how respondents' 2011 projections of where they expect to be in two to three years (the red lines on Figure 1) compare with the 2013 reality (the green lines). For example, organizations may be more advanced in global policy/strategy standards than in other areas, but three years ago 47 percent of companies expected to be at the maximum achievable level of global standardization by now, and only 19 percent have actually reached that goal.
Perhaps because so many companies failed to achieve their goals from a few years ago, comparing finance's 2011 expectations (the red lines) with the expectations for two to three years from now (the blue lines) reveals a serious reduction in ambition. A quarter of 2011 respondents expected their talent management to be at the maximum possible level of globalization by now. Yet only 5 percent of companies actually reached that goal—and only 7 percent now think they'll be there by 2016.
"I think that finance people have realized that getting to this level of global standard is more difficult than they initially thought," Schneider says. "The benefit of hindsight is that they can see that they set goals that were unreachable with the resources that they had, and now they are trying to do a better job of setting goals for standardization that are more readily achievable. The difference between where they are today and where they want to be in a few years is still significant, but they are probably being more realistic about the amount of improvement they will be able to make."
The report released last week also considers results of a separate Hackett study, conducted in 2012, that explored which finance processes companies have been working to transform, and which they expect to tackle in the near future. In that survey, Hackett divided respondents into two performance categories based on the cost of their finance function, its degree of standardization, and indicators of the quality of its outputs. Top performers accounted for around 20 to 25 percent of the participants, and Hackett grouped the rest of the organizations into a "peer group."
Half of all top performers reported that they had comprehensively transformed their compliance management practices from 2010 to 2012, while 40 percent had engaged in comprehensive transformation of their planning and performance management processes, and the same proportion had transformed "service, process improvement, and function management." In contrast, only 19 percent of the peer group had completed comprehensive transformations of compliance management or of service, process improvement, and function management—and only 12 percent had transformed planning and performance management.
The areas in which the most peer-group companies had achieved comprehensive transformation were cash disbursements (27 percent) and tax management (23 percent). More than half (58 percent) of the peer group had achieved either moderate or comprehensive transformation of their general accounting and external reporting processes.
Looking forward, companies in both performance categories said they expect to do a better job of transforming their finance processes over the next two to three years. Half of all top performers, and 42 percent of the peer group, plan to complete a comprehensive transformation of planning and performance management/business analysis. (See Figure 2.) Those proportions are much higher than the 40 percent of top performers and 12 percent of the peer group that had achieved comprehensive transformation in that area in the recent past.
Although history suggests that companies tend to be overly optimistic about their ability to transform critical processes and achieve global standardization, many now seem to be making internal changes that improve their chances of succeeding with their transformational goals over the next few years. Schneider says she's seeing an increasing number of companies dedicating resources to transformational projects. "We have seen a renewed focus on internal transformation groups. It's our hope that these groups don't get their attention subdivided into 15 different high-priority projects that all must be done right now," she says.
"More and more companies are making investments to put in place the right infrastructure to carry out these projects," adds Tom Willman, an associate principal and global practice leader, finance executive advisory program, for Hackett and Schneider's co-author on the report. "Are companies going to be more successful than they have been in the past? I think the key is: Are they going to adequately prioritize the things they want to accomplish and dedicate the appropriate resources to those activities? If yes, then they are positioned to make some meaningful progress. You have to prioritize what is most important from a strategic standpoint and what is most important from a financial standpoint, then allocate resources and set expectations appropriately against those priorities."


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Question re: storing bacteria sample
Debate and discussion of any biological questions not pertaining to a particular topic.
Moderator: BioTeam
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Question re: storing bacteria sample
I did some work on an air conditioning cooling tower which apparently had no water treatment. It was a nasty environment with all sorts of growth of who-knows-what. This was at a government building where the manager was adamant about not getting the water tested (for those unfamiliar with this equipment, I believe these are the conditions that make Legionairs Disease possible). I'm sure I won't suffer any health problems from this, and I'm no hypochondriac. But just in case I have symptoms I kept a plastic airtight food container with scrapings of the crusty oozing life forms in this tower. I figure maybe if I keep this sample it will help get treatment on the off chance I get sick.
My question to you all is, what is the best way to store this sample without destroying its analytical value? Can I freeze it, then later have it looked at to determine what hideous stuff was living in it?
Any suggestions will be greatly appreciated.
Re: Question re: storing bacteria sample
Bacteria can be stored indefinitely (depending on temperature) in glycerol. Biology-online has many resources, one of which is http://www.protocol-online.org/cgi-bin/prot/view_cache.cgi?ID=2083.
You may not have access to the equipment and materials mentioned in that link, but if you can get some glycerol from your local pharmacy (don't worry about the lack of sterility - if your sample contains nasties, they will still be there even if contaminants are there also), put your scrapings into an airtight container, add some glycerol, and freeze it until you can have it checked.
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Despite the multiple vectors that can be used to facilitate a breach, goals remain relatively limited and increasingly revolve around poaching sensitive intellectual property or trade secrets. Cybercrime has also shown an increased predilection towards being committed by highly organized teams, often backed by governments. In May, the Department of Justice (DOJ) charged five Chinese hackers with associations to the Chinese People's Liberation Army for stealing information on United States infrastructure. Now less than a month later, a second unit has been caught attempting to take similar pieces of information.
Crowdstrike, a network research organization, released a report on June 9 that says a group named Putter Panda has engaged in repeated attempts to steal information from European and American organizations since 2007.
According to the report, the group "conducts operations from Shanghai, China, likely on behalf of the Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) 3rd Department 12th Bureau Unit 61486. Putter Panda is a determined adversary group, conducting intelligence-gathering operations targeting the Government, Defense, Research, and Technology sectors in the United States, with specific targeting of space, aerospace, and communications."
The report pins Chinese national Chen Ping as the mastermind of the group. Under the online pseudonym "cpyy," Ping registered domains associated with Putter Panda malware. The organization is responsible for the creation of a variety of malware programs, the most virulent of which allows the organizations to remotely access of infected computers.
By adding a bit of social engineering to their strategy, the organization was able to deploy Malware via email to individuals at targeted companies. In one instance, the emails were disguised as offers for yoga classes to members at organizations who practiced yoga. Upon opening the email attachment, computers would download the malware program, allowing the group to view and alter materials stored on the device.
Currently, Crowdstrike has said it's tracking more than 20 hacker groups with ties to the Chinese government and says that their goal is to bring culpability to such attacks.
Thus far the Chinese government has flatly denied allegations of organized cyber-tactics and pushed back firmly against the indictments filed by the DOJ last month. Unit 6148, the unit associated with Putter Panda, is said to have shared resources with members of the indicted group.
For more on data breaches, check out these stories:
Inadequate data breach preparation, response should lead to removing 70 percent of directors at Target says ISS
3 data security best practices learned from FTC enforcement actions
Survey shows gap between awareness, preparation for cyber attacks on intellectual property


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Jets players, coaches hope to use last season as springboard
JANESVILLE—At 5-foot-8 and 175 pounds, Mike Sullivan couldn't help but feel like a boy among men early on during his first NAHL season.
He wasn't the only 17-year-old getting his junior-college skates wet with the Janesville Jets. Perhaps no team in the league had a younger roster, and it took time for the group to jell.
"It was a learning year," said Sullivan, Janesville's captain heading into the season, which begins Wednesday. "Playing junior hockey, it's a big change. I came from U16, so I was probably one of the youngest guys on the team last year, and I'm not the biggest guy in the world.
"Playing against 20-year-olds that are big and strong and have played in the league, it was a learning opportunity."
One year later, the Jets hope they can teach the league a thing or two.
Second-year coach Joe Dibble brings back two handfuls of players from last year's roster, but he was able to sprinkle in other veteran junior hockey players as well as rookies who have tasted success at younger levels.
"We built with high-end youth and a lot of depth in our roster," Dibble said. "We recruited kids from high school hockey that won state championships. The midget kids we recruited were from national-championship midget teams or one of the best AAA teams in the country. The veterans we went after all played on top-notch junior teams.
"Our motto is play like champions at all times."
Among the faces that Jets fans will recognize at the Jets' regular-season home-opener on Sept. 27 is Todd Koritzinsky. He had seven goals and 20 points in 20 games last year after coming to the Jets at the trade deadline.
Sullivan didn't put up eye-opening numbers but proved to be a key leader both on and off the ice. He and Jordan Himley—who also returns, bringing back 15 goals and 11 assists—each played 57 games a year ago, good for second on the team.
And Austin Priebe, who recently committed to play for Air Force next season, is back between the pipes. He went 6-8-3 last season with a 2.93 goals against average and a .913 save percentage.
"He is 6-foot-4, 215 pounds, and you just don't come across those goaltenders very often," Dibble said. "We're excited about having him just relax and play."
Dibble is excited about a new crop of players up front, including 20-year-old Robin Hoglund.
"He's got a really heavy shot, where he's going to score some goals in our rink," Dibble said of the Swedish-born player. "And he plays physical."
Tyler Rehm brings size at 6-foot-4, 225 pounds.
"We've got four or five lines deep of skill," said first-year forward Elliot Tisdaley. "We've got all the right guys in place, and our work ethic, from what I've seen so far, is good. That's what you need to back up the skill. I'm really looking forward to seeing where we can go.
On defense, Dibble expects big things out of 5-foot-10, 177-pound Carson Vance.
"He's going to be a pretty big-time player in our league this year," he said. "I'm excited about our whole team; it's going to be fun to watch this year."
With size and experience on their side, expect to see the Jets play a little different style this year.
The Jets have seven players that are at least 6-foot-1.
"I think the tables will be turned," Dibble said. "It'll be a fun style to watch, a dump-dash-and-bash style of hockey."
It's a style that the Jets hope will take them from finishing just outside of the NAHL playoffs last season to contending for a league title.
"To go all the way to the Robbie," Sullivan said of the team's goal, referring to the championship series for the Robertson Cup. "We have the skill set, we have the hockey IQ and we work hard."


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Winterfest ready for week two
The snow sculptors put their tools down and the winning teams were named, but Lake Geneva's Winterfest celebration continues through Saturday, Feb. 8, with special events planned for the whole family.
You can walk through Riviera Park and still admire the 15 snow sculptures, including the three winning entries and the people's choice awards.
Wednesday: Cool magic and hot soup
Join the magic at Horticultural Hall, 330 Broad St., from 5 p.m. to 7 p.m. Wednesday, Feb. 5. Bring a canned good or a $2 donation for local food pantries and grab a spoon to sample delicious soups from area restaurants. Participating restaurants include Bistro 220, Gino's East Pizzeria, Next Door Pub & Pizzeria, Popeye's on Lake Geneva, Simple Cafe, Sprecher's Restaurant & Pub and Tuscan Tavern & Grill.
Children of all ages can enjoy their soups as they watch the magic unfold in shows at 5 p.m. and 7 p.m.
Thursday: Bingo night
B-4 you know it, seats will be filling up at the Lake Geneva Winterfest Bingo night. The event will be held from 6 p.m. to 9 p.m. Thursday, Feb. 6, at The Cove of Lake Geneva, 111 Center St., Lake Geneva. Listen for your winning numbers to be called, yell "bingo" and collect your cash prize. The cost is $1 per card, with proceeds to benefit the Lions Club.��
Friday and Saturday: Human dog sled race
Take the reins and form your team for Lake Geneva's Human Dog Sled Race, where teams of six people compete against each other in a double-elimination tournament to determine the winner of this two-day event. Team members are encouraged to dress in wacky costumes as there is a prize for the most creative attire. Cash prizes will be awarded to the top three competing teams. Will the teams built of sheer power or lightly built sprinters prevail? Put your team together and challenge everyone else to beat you — all for a good cause and a lot of fun. Proceeds from this event will benefit Lakeland Animal Shelter.
Each team will consist of four sled pullers, a sled rider and a sled pusher. The sled race is approximately 175 feet long and takes place on Riviera Beach. Prelims take place from 7 p.m. to 10 p.m. Friday, Feb. 7. Finals will be held from noon to 3 p.m. Saturday, Feb. 8.
Go online to www.lakegenevawi.com and register your team or call (262) 248-1000.


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Snowmobile alliances anticipate riders to hit the trails despite frigid temperatures
JANESVILLE�— The snow and cold that have settled in could be seen as a blessing in disguise, at least for snowmobilers.
Riders from across the state are taking to the trails in Rock and Walworth counties because of the snow that has accumulated and the temperatures that are making it stick.
"I heard people from as far as Tomahawk were coming to Rock County," Levi Olson said. "People are coming from a good distance away."
Olson, the trail boss for the Rock County Alliance of Snowmobile Clubs, isn't the only one who has noticed an influx of riders.
"This season has been great," veteran snowmobiler Mike Cerny said.� "The best season we have had in years."
The 236 miles of state-funded trails in Walworth County opened the weekend before Christmas.
It is the second time in about 20 years the trails opened before the holidays, said Cerny, the grooming coordinator for the Walworth County Snowmobile Alliance.
Rock County's 226 miles of state-funded trails opened Dec. 21 and have seen a decent turnout because of the increasing amount of snow and low temperatures.
Trails in several counties north of Rock and Walworth counties are closed because of a lack of snow. Dodge County's trails are open, but they are listed as "poor" on TravelWisconsin.com. Milwaukee County's trails are listed as "fair," just like those in Rock and Walworth.�
Olson believes many snowmobilers from across the state visited trails in the two counties this past weekend.
"We go where the snow is at," Olson said.
Cerny guessed that some people stayed away because of the bitter cold, "but there are absolute diehards" that will always be out.
According to the Department of Natural Resources, Wisconsin, the birthplace of snowmobiling, has more than 200,000 registered snowmobiles and 25,000 miles of groomed trails.
Volunteers from local snowmobile clubs that are part of their county alliance groom the trails several times a week. Shifts can be as long as 15 hours, Cerny said. There are eight clubs in the Rock County alliance and 14 in the Walworth County alliance.
Rock County has three pieces of grooming equipment with two to four volunteers per groomer. Walworth County has four groomers and about 25 volunteers total.
Trail maintenance is paid for through a Department of Natural Resources grant that is funded by snowmobile registration fees.
Rock County's grant is worth about $57,000. Walworth County's grant is about $59,000.


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It may look like a case of taking advantage of the market — drug maker Sanofi dominates American treatment of Fabry disease, while rival drug maker Shire controls the European market. But one consumer advocacy group believes the two sides, as well as the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, are colluding to keep competition down and prices up for the treatment worldwide.
Knowledge Economy International has urged the Federal Trade Commission's (FTC) Antitrust Division in a letter to investigate the relationship between Sanofi and Shire. The organization writes that Fabry patients are losing because of potential collusion between the parties.
"U.S. patients are depending upon a single supplier for treatments, and are disadvantaged because there is both a lack of potential competition among suppliers and a less secure supply chain," the letter says.
Antitrust claims are nothing new. However, how the two drug makers got to this point, and how the Icahn School of Medicine is involved, provides a new wrinkle for the FTC to snuff out.
As pointed out in the Wall Street Journal's Pharmalot blog, the medical school developed the original Fabry treatment in conjunction with the U.S. National Institutes of Health and was awarded a patent on the medicine in the mid-1990s. Once developed, the school licensed exclusive rights to a drug company named Genzyme.
Choosing wisely: Practical considerations for choosing venues for IP disputes
GSK settlement calls for promotional practices reform
Italian health ministry seeks damages of $1.6 billion for Novartis and Roche collusion
Soon, though, Genzyme fell on hard times. In 2009, the company encountered serious manufacturing problems that led to a shortage of the drug. The FDA then asked Shire, which held European regulatory approval to market and sell a Fabry treatment, to apply for U.S. approval as well. Then, in 2011, the tide switched once again, as drug maker Sanofi purchased Genzyme. Simultaneously, the medical school began litigating to enforce its patents in Europe, attempting to snuff out Shire's market share.
So were the two sides destined to battle back and forth? It seemed that way… until in May 2012, Shire suddenly withdrew its request for U.S. approval, while the medical school withdrew its patent litigation. And it's these withdraws that Knowledge Economy International finds fishy.
"KEI asks the FTC to investigate the decision by Shire to withdraw its application to sell Replagal in the United States… to determine if a conspiracy existed whereby Shire agreed to withdraw its application to compete in the U.S. Fabry market if Mount Sinai granted a license to use an [National Institutes of Health]-funded invention in European markets," the investigation request reads.
This case will be one to watch for in-house counsel moving forward, whether the FTC finds any evidence of collusion between the two parties.


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Study to Evaluate Switching From Regimens Consisting of a Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor Plus Emtricitabine and Tenofovir DF to the Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir DF Single-Tablet Regimen in Virologically Suppressed, HIV-1 Infected Patients
This study has been completed.
Gilead Sciences
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
First Posted: December 20, 2011
Last Update Posted: January 7, 2016
Information provided by (Responsible Party):
Gilead Sciences
- Full Text View
- Tabular View
- Study Results
- Disclaimer
- How to Read a Study Record
This study will evaluate the noninferiority of Stribild® (elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (E/C/F/TDF)) single-tablet regimen (STR) relative to regimens consisting of a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) plus Truvada® (FTC/TDF) in maintaining HIV-1 RNA < 50 copies/mL at Week 48 in virologically suppressed, HIV-1 infected adults. This study will also evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of the two regimens through 96 weeks of treatment.
|Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome HIV Infections
|Drug: NNRTI Drug: FTC/TDF Drug: Stribild
|Phase 3
|Study Type:
|Study Design:
|Allocation: Randomized
Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment
Masking: None (Open Label)
Primary Purpose: Treatment
|Official Title:
|A Phase 3b Randomized, Open Label Study to Evaluate Switching From Regimens Consisting of a Non-nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI) Plus Emtricitabine (FTC) and Tenofovir DF (TDF) to the Elvitegravir/Cobicistat/ Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Single-Tablet Regimen (EVG/COBI/FTC/TDF) in Virologically Suppressed, HIV 1 Infected Patients
Resource links provided by NLM:
MedlinePlus related topics: HIV/AIDS
Drug Information available for: Emtricitabine Tenofovir Elvitegravir Truvada CobicistatU.S. FDA Resources
Further study details as provided by Gilead Sciences:
Primary Outcome Measures:
- Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 48 [ Time Frame: Week 48 ]The FDA-defined Snapshot algorithm was used, which defines a patient's virologic response status using only the viral load at the predefined time point within an allowed window of time.
Secondary Outcome Measures:
- Percentage of Participants With HIV-1 RNA < 50 Copies/mL at Week 96 [ Time Frame: Week 96 ]The FDA-defined Snapshot algorithm was used, which defines a patient's virologic response status using only the viral load at the predefined time point within an allowed window of time.
- Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 48 [ Time Frame: Baseline; Week 48 ]
- Change From Baseline in CD4+ Cell Count at Week 96 [ Time Frame: Baseline; Week 96 ]
|Study Start Date:
|December 2011
|Study Completion Date:
|December 2014
|Primary Completion Date:
|November 2013 (Final data collection date for primary outcome measure)
|Assigned Interventions
Experimental: Stribild
Participants will switch from their baseline treatment regimen to Stribild for up to 96 weeks, and may continue to receive Stribild in the extension phase.
Drug: Stribild
Stribild® (elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; E/C/F/TDF) (150/150/200/300 mg) STR administered orally once daily with food
Active Comparator: NNRTI+FTC/TDF
Participants will stay on their baseline treatment regimen antiretroviral regimen consisting of an NNRTI plus FTC/TDF for up to 96 weeks, and may switch to Stribild in the extension phase.
Drug: NNRTI
NNRTI agents administered according to prescribing information; allowed NNRTIs include efavirenz (EFV), nevirapine, or rilpivirine.Drug: FTC/TDF
FTC/TDF (200/300 mg) administered according to prescribing information
Other Name: TruvadaDrug: Stribild
Stribild® (elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; E/C/F/TDF) (150/150/200/300 mg) STR administered orally once daily with food
Information from the National Library of Medicine
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies.
|Ages Eligible for Study:
|18 Years and older (Adult, Senior)
|Sexes Eligible for Study:
|Accepts Healthy Volunteers:
Inclusion Criteria:
- Ability to understand and sign a written informed consent form
- Be stable on the current formulation(s) of an antiretroviral regimen consisting of an NNRTI plus FTC/TDF for ≥ 6 consecutive months preceding the screening visit. This includes those who began a regimen with individual drug components and subsequently simplified to include a fixed-dose combination formulation of the same drugs.
- Be on the first or second antiretroviral regimen with documented undetectable plasma HIV 1 RNA levels for ≥ 6 months preceding the screening visit
- No previous use of any approved or experimental integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) for any length of time
- Documented historical genotype prior to starting initial antiretroviral therapy showing no known resistance to TDF or FTC
- HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL at screening
- Normal ECG
- Hepatic transaminases ≤ 5 × the upper limit of the normal range (ULN)
- Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 mg/dL
- Adequate hematologic function
- Serum amylase ≤ 5 × ULN
- Estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥ 70 mL/min
- Females of childbearing potential must agree to utilize protocol recommended contraception methods or be nonheterosexually active, practice sexual abstinence from screening throughout the duration of the study period and for 12 weeks for participants on EFV/FTC/TDF or efavirenz or 30 days for the rest of participants following the last dose of study drug
- Female participants who utilize hormonal contraceptive as one of their birth control methods must have used the same method for at least three months prior to study dosing
- Male participants must agree to utilize protocol-recommended methods of contraception during heterosexual intercourse or be nonheterosexually active, and practice sexual abstinence from the screening visit.
- Age ≥ 18 years
Exclusion Criteria:
- New AIDS-defining condition diagnosed within the 30 days prior to screening
- Females who are breastfeeding
- Positive serum pregnancy test (female of childbearing potential)
- Receiving drug treatment for hepatitis C, or those who are anticipated to receive treatment for hepatitis C during the course of the study
- Experiencing decompensated cirrhosis
- Have an implanted defibrillator or pacemaker
- Current alcohol or substance abuse that would interfere with compliance
- A history of malignancy within the past 5 years or ongoing malignancy other than cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), basal cell carcinoma, or resected, noninvasive cutaneous squamous carcinoma. Persons with cutaneous KS are eligible, but must not have received any systemic therapy for KS within 30 days of baseline and must not be anticipated to require systemic therapy during the study.
- Active, serious infections requiring parenteral antibiotic or antifungal therapy within 30 days prior to baseline
- Have been treated with immunosuppressant therapies or chemotherapeutic agents within 3 months of study screening, or expected to receive these agents or systemic steroids during the study
- Receiving ongoing therapy with any of the medications, including drugs not to be used with elvitegravir, cobicistat, FTC, or TDF; or those with any known allergies to the excipients of E/C/F/TDF tablets, or FTC/TDF tablets
- No anticipated need to initiate drugs during the study that are contraindicated
- Receiving other investigational drugs
- Participation in any other clinical trial
- Any other clinical condition or prior therapy that would make the participant unsuitable for the study or unable to comply with the dosing requirements
Contacts and Locations
Show 80 Study Locations
Information from the National Library of Medicine
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contact information provided by the sponsor.
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01495702
Please refer to this study by its ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT01495702
Show 80 Study Locations
Sponsors and Collaborators
Gilead Sciences
|Study Director:
|Damian McColl
|Gilead Sciences
More Information
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
Keywords provided by Gilead Sciences:
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
Publications automatically indexed to this study by ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier (NCT Number):
Pozniak A, Markowitz M, Mills A, Stellbrink HJ, Antela A, Domingo P, Girard PM, Henry K, Nguyen T, Piontkowsky D, Garner W, White K, Guyer B. Switching to coformulated elvitegravir, cobicistat, emtricitabine, and tenofovir versus continuation of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor with emtricitabine and tenofovir in virologically suppressed adults with HIV (STRATEGY-NNRTI): 48 week results of a randomised, open-label, phase 3b non-inferiority trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014 Jul;14(7):590-9. doi: 10.1016/S1473-3099(14)70796-0. Epub 2014 Jun 5.
|Responsible Party:
|Gilead Sciences
|ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:
|NCT01495702 History of Changes
|Other Study ID Numbers:
2011-004963-56 ( EudraCT Number )
|First Submitted:
|December 14, 2011
|First Posted:
|December 20, 2011
|Results First Submitted:
|December 31, 2014
|Results First Posted:
|January 26, 2015
|Last Update Posted:
|January 7, 2016
|Last Verified:
|December 2015
Keywords provided by Gilead Sciences:
Treatment Experienced
Additional relevant MeSH terms:
HIV Infections
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Elvitegravir, Cobicistat, Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination
Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes
Lentivirus Infections
Retroviridae Infections
RNA Virus Infections
Virus Diseases
Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Immune System Diseases
Slow Virus Diseases
Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate Drug Combination
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Antiviral Agents
Anti-Infective Agents
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action
Anti-Retroviral Agents
Anti-HIV Agents
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A Inhibitors
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors


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Janesville plant opens doors for Lowe's
JANESVILLE—For some local shoppers, it's strangely ironic that they have to drive to Delavan to get a door or cabinet that was manufactured in Janesville.
But that's the case for local fans of Lowe's, the massive home improvement retailer that operates more than 1,800 stores in the United States, Canada and Mexico.
Lowe's does not have a retail store in Janesville, but it does operate a manufacturing plant here that stocks about 200 Lowe's stores from Nebraska to Ohio and northern Michigan to southern Missouri.
Lowe's started production in Janesville in 2004 at a 210,000-square-foot plant on Venture Drive on the city's south side.
Initially, the plant built about 300,000 exterior and interior doors a year, said Mike Clark, who has been the plant manager in Janesville for the last six years.
This year, Lowe's will produce more than 600,000 units.
Since opening, the plant has improved its quality and efficiencies to the point that it picked up cabinet production a couple of years ago, Clark said.
"We found that we can build the cabinets with better quality," he said.
The plant's 115 or so employees have formed a team committed to providing competitively priced, quality products on a timely basis, whether they're stock kitchen cabinets or custom doors, he said.
All jobs at Lowe's are full time, and turnover is traditionally in the single digits, Clark said.
"We offer very competitive pay," he said. "We watch the market closely and pay a little more."
Clark said the addition of the cabinet line required a capital investment of more than $1 million and resulted in about 30 additional employees.
The Janesville plant is one of three millwork facilities Lowe's operates. A plant in North Carolina serves the East Coast, while another in Tennessee takes care of the south. Other vendors handle the rest of the country.
Despite the economic downturn and housing crisis, the Janesville plant has continued production with relatively little interruption, Clark said
Production of exterior doors is busiest from spring through late summer, while demand for interior doors grows in the winter months. The peak season for cabinet orders is late fall, near Thanksgiving, he said.
"Everybody here is cross trained, and we're able to shift people around to meet demand," said Clark, a Madison native. "We've been fairly stable through the recession, and our employees are still averaging 39 to 41 hours a week."
The plant operates on one shift but has the flexibility to go to two, if needed.
"Our success is due entirely to our team," Clark said. "Whatever I put in front of them, they get it done. Our workforce is respectfully honest, passionate and gives a good day's work and always perseveres.
"They really take ownership of safety, productivity and quality."


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Sixty years ago, 27-year-old Henry Molaison underwent an experimental operation in a last-ditch attempt to stop his debilitating epileptic seizures. By removing tissue from each side of Molaison's brain, the surgeon helped quell the attacks but destroyed his patient's ability to form new memories.
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It's not a great time to be a scientist studying fusion. U.S. experiments such as the $3.5 billion National Ignition Facility are losing funding (SN: 4/20/13, p. 26), while a $20 billion international project called ITER is delayed and over budget. Clery, a science writer, chronicles these setbacks, along with 70 years' worth of others, in efforts to harness the process that lights up the stars.
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Chromosome VariationsExcerpt from the July 27, 1963, issue of Science News Letter
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Finding the brain's common languageErich Jarvis dreams of creating a talking chimpanzee. If his theories on language are right, that just might happen one day.
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Is arachnophobia genetic?
Genetics as it applies to evolution, molecular biology, and medical aspects.
Moderator: BioTeam
7 posts • Page 1 of 1
Is arachnophobia genetic?
Is arachnophobia genetic? What about the fear of snakes?
Both of those most likely have some underlying genetic causes. Both of the animals can be venomous, so our ancestors may have been genetically "programmed" to avoid them. That would explain why people in countries that have only non-poisonous spiders or snakes still often are afraid of them. Similarly many people are afraid of heights even in situations where there is absolutely no chance of falling down.
However, there certainly is a learnt element involved: children of people who are afraid of something usually learn from their parents to be afraid similar things. And since women generally express their feelings more visibly, daughters quickly learn to be afraid of spiders because their mothers go EEEEEKK!! every time they see one. Men usually try to keep their cool and sons hanging around easily learn those things are not scary.
It is not that simple. Very young children don't do pretty much anything. They do not feel sexual urges towards opposite sex, something that is certainly genetic as well. Like I said earlier, arachnophobia is likely to be both genetic and learned, just as much of the human behavior. For example, speech is also a trait that includes a strong genetic element in addition to the definite need to learn it.
"Irrational" fear of (non-venomous) arachnids, snakes, insects and all other things out there is such a worldwide phenomenon that it almost certainly has also a genetic basis. It is only logical that people naturally avoid or shun animals that could be poisonous or parasitic or disease carriers, even though these animals are physically and mentally so inferior to humans that there is no obvious need to fear them. Apparently it has been evolution-wise better to be somewhat afraid of everything that resembles venomous animals, even if it meant that you fear spiders and snakes even in a country where only completely harmless species live.
Humans, like virtually all higher vertebrates, adjust their underlying genetics by learning: thus people can learn to be not afraid of spiders if they handle them a notice they are not dangerous. Or they can become very afraid of something after a single adverse experience (like being stung by a wasp as a child). The "natural" genetically programmed stand towards spiders and such is probably somewhere between those extremes: a natural cautiousness towards things or animals that are not proven to be safe, affected by the general mindset of the person in question (from curious to timid).
biohazard: are you sure, that * people in e.g. Africa or elsewhere are afraid of (non-venomous) arachnids etc.?
* native/primitive? because of lack of correct English word, I mean people who live in wild nature like Indians in Amazonia or the people in Africa, which I don't know the name of.
Cis or trans? That's what matters.
I don't know if they are or not. And like I wrote, people learn. They learn to be afraid and they learn to not be. If they get into contact with non-venomous spiders all the time, they probably couldn't care less. Many European or American people come across with spiders now and then, but generally have such a bad knowledge of biology that they don't even know if it is dangerous or not. And even if they did, they do not really have any reason to change their behavior. In the West it is mostly women who are (openly) afraid of spiders and such, because it is generally regarded almost as something women should do. This still does not mean there wouldn't be a genetic basis behind it.
If you go deep enough, all human behavior is genetic...
If you think about it, many people are afraid of surprisingly many animals. Many are afraid of rodents and reptiles in addition to insects, which are potentially venomous, parasitic or disease carriers. They are also afraid of big animals (unless they are domesticated and known to be safe) that can kill them or injure them. So people are pretty much afraid of everything that could have been dangerous to their early ancestors. Pretty much only small/medium sized mammals around the size of a hare or a fox, and most birds, seem to be almost universally no-so-scary, as well as some other animals that can easily be distinguished from all dangerous animals (say, butterflies).
A modern human, as well as the early ancestor, could usually overcome their fears if they had to. A lone caveman would probably be very afraid of an angry mammoth or a pack of wolves, but together as a group they'd hunt them for food nonetheless.
Modern people just have no real reason to overcome such fears. Easier to go eeek! when there is a spider somewhere...
p.s. there is a distinction between fear and phobia. Fear is probably the normal version of the reaction that is supposed to take place in potentially dangerous situations. Phobia is irrational fear even when there is absolutely no way for anything bad to happen. Many people who have one phobia have other phobias or irrational fears as well. It seems quite unlikely that they simply learned all their fears from other people (though a hysterical mother could do a good job there), but instead they are genetically prone to overreact on any possible danger, real or imaginary, there is.
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Janesville woman sentenced to probation for stealing drugs taken from patient
ELKHORN – A Janesville care worker who prosecutors say stole prescription drugs from a client's home was sentenced to three years probation and 30 days in jail Friday in Walworth County Court, according to a news release from the state attorney general's office.
Sarah Rekenthaler, 33, of 152 S. Locust, Janesville, said she sold the pills she took to make money to pay her rent, according to the release.
The Aurora Visiting Nurse Association employed Rekenthaler as a home health aide and was investigating Rekenthaler, according to the release.
The association found that on Feb. 7, 2012, while Rekenthaler was working at the home of an elderly client, she took the client's prescription bottle that held 60 Vicodin tablets, the release states.
The client's son saw Rekenthaler "suspiciously moving" near a chair where the pills were stored. The next day, he noticed the bottle was gone, according to the criminal complaint.
Rekenthaler pleaded guilty September 26 to one felony count of possession of a narcotic drug. The charge of felony theft was dismissed.


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Rock County considers transition to medical examiner
JANESVILLE—Rock County could end up with a medical examiner, or it could form a partnership with Dane County instead.
That's the thinking of county officials as they look forward to the planned conversion from a coroner's office to a professional medical examiner starting in 2015, said County Administrator Craig Knutson
Meanwhile, the governor has decided not to appoint a coroner to fill in until a medical examiner is in place.
Jenifer Keach stepped down from her coroner post last November. Chief Deputy Coroner Lou Smit has been running the office since then.
The county had planned to transition from a coroner to a medical examiner when Keach's term ended in January 2015.
The governor's appointments committee considered four applications to replace Keach, including Smit's, and initially said it would make a decision in about a month's time.
"The governor has chosen not to make an appointment," spokesman Tom Evenson said in an email to The Gazette this week.
"In the meantime, there is an acting coroner in place for the county," Evenson wrote, referring to Smit.
The county is discussing with Dane County the possibility of sharing services, but no decision has been made, Knutson said.
Rock County's autopsies have been performed in Dane County for many years.
If the decision were to go it alone, the county would go through a "full recruitment process" that would be open to any qualified applicant, Knutson said.
This year's county budget includes two months' worth of salary for a medical examiner who is not a medical doctor, so there could be some overlap with the old system, starting as early as November, Knutson said.
The decision about a partnership could affect whether the county sets up its own permanent morgue, as Smit has proposed.
In his notes in the annual budget, Knutson said the decision on whether or not to join with Dane County would affect the issue of what kind of a morgue Rock County would need.
For now, bodies sometimes are stored at Mercy Hospital and Trauma Center on a short-term basis, Smit said. A walk-in cooler in the basement of the county's former Rock Haven building also is being used.
This year's coroner's budget calls for annual expenses of $458,061, offset by $110,350 in revenue from fees, mostly from cremation permits.
Cremation permits cost $175 apiece. Disinterment fees also contribute, at $100 apiece.
The coroner's office has 3.8 employees plus seven more who are paid per job to relieve the regular staff, according to the budget notes.
Operating expenses include the $138,000 set aside for autopsies, toxicology reports, transporting bodies and supplies such as body bags and gloves.
Keach was paid about $58,658 annually when she stepped down, and she was the lowest-paid of the county's elected officials, county Clerk Lori Stottler said.
A salary range for a medical examiner has not been established.