text:
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text:
Head-on crash on Highway 14 injures three
TOWN OF BRADFORD—Authorities say a drunken driver was a factor in a head-on collision that injured three people on Highway 14 near the Rock-Walworth county line Saturday night.
Scott Moe, 33, of Janesville, was arrested on a charge of causing great bodily harm by intoxicated use of a motor vehicle and cited for operating left of the centerline and driving while intoxicated, first offense, according to a news release from the Rock County Sheriff's Office.
The other driver, Michelle Solger, 54, of Twin Lakes, and passenger William Solger, 57, were initially believed to be in stable condition but with possibly life-threatening injuries, according to the release.
Emergency responders worked to extricate all three from— their cars.
William Solger was reported in fair to good condition Sunday at Mercy Hospital and Trauma Center in Janesville. Michelle Solger was transferred from Mercy and could not be located for a condition report.
Moe was treated and released at Mercy.
The accident occurred around 8:42 p.m. just west of County C. It shut down Highway 14 for about two hours.
Responding to the crash were sheriff's deputies from both counties, fire departments from Darien, Clinton and Janesville and Mobile Doctor 1 from Mercy Hospital and Trauma Center.
Initial investigation showed that Moe was driving a Buick Regal west on Highway 14 when the car veered into the eastbound lane, hitting the Solgers' Toyota Corolla, according to the news release.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Theories - Origin of Life
Discussion of everything related to the Theory of Evolution.
Moderator: BioTeam
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
First things first
If you are going to quote me then do it accurately. Please don't attribute comments to me I have not made.
This is what I wrote. "Now Regarding the designer of the cell." And it was in In response to your question
Nowhere will you find that I have said "I believe in a designer"
The only belief I have clearly enumerated is that I believe in the veracity of the scientific method. I also stated my understanding of the scientific method.
It seems very clear now that you are trying very hard to engage in a philosophical debate.
I have repeatedly stated that the cell displays all the evidence of functional design and not the product of random variation.
I have also stated quite clearly that random mutations cannot produce the functional design clearly observed in cell operations and have given scientific reasons why this is so.
Now if the reasons I have provided can be shown to be scientifically inaccurate then please do correct me. If not then my argument stands, because it is based on scientific and not wishful thinking.
You are still evading the issue of species definition so I will give up on getting that from you.
However you have committed to a definition of the
You state
Now I must presume that you regard this to be a statement of scientific validity.
So let me examine it.
Could you explain what are "almost living chemical systems" ?
Also please describe what you mean by "some crude form of replication"?
This part of your definition is about variation within existing population is it not?
This again is about variation within an existing population is it not?
You appear to be agreeing with me,
This is simple rhetoric that doesn't seem to make a great deal of sense.
Are you saying that Virgin birth (whatever that is) is spontaneous generation?
Whose is arguing that complexity is evidence of design. Design can be simple or complex and I gave examples in my previous post.
Please address what I am writing and not make up arguments you wish to attack. I think they are called straw man arguments.
Who say's it does?
Do you not see the obvious contradiction between this statement and your opening statement.
So if the design of crab is as you claim the product of random mutations and natural selection then it is also as you put it
"incumbant on you to define as much as you can and attempt to prove/ disprove it."
So how does the mechanism of random mutations produce the biological algorithms we observe in the cell?
Now here is an example of such a algorithm.
IF lactose present. AND glucose not present. AND cell can actually synthesize active LacZ and LacY. THEN transcribe lacZYA from lacP ...
You will find an explanation of this here
http://books.google.com/books?id=WSf1FF ... 22&f=false
Now if you have any difficulty in understanding how algorithms work don't worry I will explain it all scientifically.
Apparently it boils down to the fact that you can't imagine or can't allow yourself to imagine that these complex systems, algorhythms if you will, evolved.
I and the rest of the scientific community have no problem imagining this evolution process producing all the life we see, both alive and extinct. There is a reason it's considered one of the greatest theories ever.
Don't get too hung up on the species concept, evolution obviously doesn't.
I apologize for misquoting your apparent arguments about a designer.
You've left some significant gaps in your definition which I had to guess at. I was left assuming that you fall into the catagory of creationist/ Intelligent designist. If this is not true I sincerly apologize. If it is true just say so and quit avoiding putting your beliefs out where they can be debated.
So if I understand your problem with evolution:
- The cell, or living organisms cannot have arisen de novo because nothing comes from nothing
- And self organizing complexity cannot arise spontaneously from chemistry alone
- Ergo There must have been something that designed it.
But you cannot say what that designer might be, or where it comes from, or anything substantial about it. So your Scientific conclusion is that there must be a designer because you cannot imagine anything else, but because you are a scientist you will not say anything about it because that would be philosophy. Great. I am temepted to say that once summarized your argument is a bit crap.
Science has proof without any certainty. Creationists have certainty without
any proof. (Ashley Montague)
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
You have summed up your position very well indeed. It is all in your imagination.
I respect you for acknowledging that.
Also you are right about me. I don't have those imaginative powers. It is a failing I have I must admit.
Now this is a very interesting statement. Am I not correct in understanding that your position is Darwinian based. Is it not also true that his seminal work is entitled " Origin of Species….". I have read his work and the term species keeps coming up with almost monotonous regularity. Very strange!!!!
Why are you left assuming?
This is what I wrote on the 14th April.
Now how much clearer do you wish me to be?
I would be happy to sign some kind of affidavit if you wish.
However apologies accepted.
My belief system is out there to be debated but you don't appear to want to.
Why are you having such a problem with my belief in the veracity of the scientific method?
I appreciate you don't have the same faith in it's veracity as I do, but my faith is very much evidenced based.
That is why I have gone to such great lengths to provide the information from science papers and publications to demonstrate my absolute confidence in my belief.
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
You're looking through the wrong end of the telescope.
I don't have any problems with evolution. I know evolution occurs. I also know the limits of what it can accomplish and what it cannot.
With respect you are the one with the problems. You don't accept the limits that prevent speciation but are unable to support that understanding with evidence.
You still adhere to the idea of common decent and yet molecular biology now demonstrates that this hypothesis has been falsified. I have provided you with the evidence and you take no note. I can do no more than to keep trying to educate.
That is correct, however it does not have to be very complex.
There is a tendency for some to confuse self ordering with self organising.
Self ordering can and does happen. Tornadoes and whirlpools are examples of self ordering, and chaos theory well explains those phenomena.
Self organising however, of which the cell is a prime example cannot be explained by the action of any natural law(s). The origin of the codes operating within the cell can only be speculated at because natural laws do not produce the symbolic information that is clearly evident.
You are right I cannot define the designer of the cell. But then nor can you. You tried to demonstrate how natural laws came about and look at the hopeless tangle you got yourself into.
Come on now be honest, you made a right pigs ear of it didn't you?
Nothing to be ashamed of though, science can't answer questions like that, you were just a little bit silly to try.
Religions however supposedly can. All they have to do is construct a dogma and that explains it. Darwinism has become a dogma, no differently.
Now I know this cuts across your belief system, but you are making the claim that you have science on your side.
When I explain and show that you don't have science on your side, it gets frustrating and shows up in your deteriorating language.
Finally, on this question of naming the designer, May I relate a little sad story from about October 2001.
Three very hardworking guys discovered a quite amazing control system and were put up to receive a prize for all their hard work and ingenuity.
However the prize panel while recognising their tremendous work realised it fell significantly short because they were unable to tell who was the designer of the system. Sadly therefore this system had to be classified as non-designed in the same way as the wheel or the abacus.
However the panel did feel they deserved some recognition so they awarded them a consolation prize.
You will find the whole sad tale here
http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medi ... press.html
You miss the point, I do not care if you are a creationist, an IDiot, or simply thick. What i am trying to argue is that the theory of evolution is the only theory that fits and explains life as we see it. If you argue that self organization cannot happen, you have to explain where the organization comes from, what the designer is in other word. It is not a name that I want, but an idea of what the designer is, where it comes from. The point is that your affirmation that self organization is impossible, besides lacking demonstration, throw your reasoning in a recursive loop, and I am curious to know how you get out of it.
But if you provide a reasonned and undestandable model for design, I promise that I will definitely reconsider my views on evolution. Right now however, you seem limited to say that there must be a designer and therefore evolution is wrong. Sorry that does not work. Offer something consistent.
As for your story it is simply irrelevant to the discussion.
Science has proof without any certainty. Creationists have certainty without
any proof. (Ashley Montague)
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
That is a very reasonable question so let's see if I can provide a scientifically satisfying answer.
I will start with an illustration in symbolic representation. Please bear with me.
A person walking past a house notices the roof is on fire. He also is aware that someone is in the house. He has no way of communicating with the householder as he is a deaf mute.
He notices that the front yard is laid with loose pebbles.
He goes into the yard and arranges some of the pebbles of a particular colour to read.
"Roof on fire Get out"
The householder reads the pebbles and escapes.
Now what has gone on here?
The yard pebbles in themselves have no meaning. They are inert, just lumps of pebble molecules.
The passer-by arranged some of the pebbles in such a way as to put a meaning into them. In other words he coded some of the pebbles to convey meaning.
Now the householder had to decode the pebble arrangement. IF he could not understand written English, the message would be meaningless to him. In other words the pebbles would have remained inert to him because he could not decode the pebble arrangement and therefore no function (his escape) would take place.
This is the essence of Shannon communication.
A Coder is required – the passerby
A Channel of communication required – the pebbles
A Decoder is required – the householder.
There is another element that needs to be considered. NOISE.
If for instance the pebble arrangement starts to get messed up due to wind or heavy rain or the householder simply running across it, the arrangement begins to get corrupted. This is noise. Now the coder would have to keep rearranging the pebbles to retain meaning.
The important thing to keep in mind is that the pebbles in themselves carry no meaning. They are inert.
The meaning that is put into the arrangement comes from outside—The passer-by.
He uses a code (written English) and importantly the householder understands that code and can act on it.
Now it is this method of communication that the cell uses.
Here is an example of a fairly simple regulatory system.
The lac operon in E. coli and other bacteria is an example of a simple regulatory circuit. In bacteria, genes with related functions are often located next to each other, controlled by the same regulatory region, and transcribed together; this group of genes is called an operon. The lac operon functions in the metabolism of the sugar lactose, which can be used as an energy source. However, the bacteria prefer to use glucose as an energy source, so if there is glucose present in the environment the bacteria do not want to make the proteins that are encoded by the lac operon. Therefore, transcription of the lac operon is regulated by an elegant circuit in which transcription occurs only if there is lactose but not glucose is present in the environment.
http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-e ... note01.pdf
James Shapiro describes refers to this simple but excellent example of cell coding for function.
"IF lactose present AND glucose not present AND cell can synthesize active LacZ and LacY, THEN transcribe lacZYA from lacP."
The symbols IF AND THEN in this simple functional code have meaning but that meaning in NOT in the molecules themselves.( as in the pebbles) As James Shapiro himself says. They are inert.
http://shapiro.bsd.uchicago.edu/21st_Ce ... _Evol.html ( Please spend some time reading it. You will find it very instructive.)
The expression THEN is what is referred to as a Decision Node. These nodes are required in a genetic algorithm for function to take place. Without these decision nodes natural laws take everything forward and is explained very well in chaos theory.
Notice also the expressions IF and AND. These expressions introduce potential into the algorithm. (the algorithm looks forward to note if a particular situation exists and IF it exists then move forward this way). Now when potential is recognised in an algorithm then natural mechanistic laws cannot be involved in that decision making process simply because moving forward takes the course of the algorithm and not natural law.
Now the meaning of these symbols comes from the cell itself.
A good question can be …
How did that meaning come about? But that question does not hinder the science of trying to understand how the cell works. Does it?
If you read David Abel's and Jack Trevor's paper "Three subsets of sequence complexity and their relevance to biopolymeric information"
You will find it here
They clearly show that this symbolic meaning cannot arrive in any natural materialistic way and have shown why this is not possible even in theory.
They have put forward 4 Null Hypothesis and invites them to be falsified.
To date there has been no success.
Science only deals with the materialistic world of natural laws.
Shapiro uses the expression Natural genetic engineering because he philosophically wants the answer as to the origin of this process to come from a naturalistic cause. If you removed the adjective Natural from his descriptions of cell functions, the explanatory power of his papers does not diminish in the slightest.
Is there anything wrong with his use of that adjective? Well NO.
It just needs to be recognised what the science is and what the philosophy is.
All too often the boundary between science and philosophy gets very very blurred.
Darwinian evolution that has developed into today's Modern Synthesis is in reality a Null Hypothesis. This null hypothesis is being falsified by the science of molecular biology.
Random mutations cannot produce symbolic representation. Random mutation is the NOISE that degrades symbolic representation. The cell's genetic engineering repair systems work at eliminating that noise.
The irony of this is, that noise in an information channel degrades the information content and engineers spend great time and effort in reducing that noise in order to maintain clarity of information. Darwinian theory on the other hand is based on noise being the instrument that drives forward progress.
It totally contradicts Shannon information theory.
Practically every molecular biologist around the world is discovering what James Shapiro is so ably presenting, in showing that the Darwinian process is simply not the mechanism that explains speciation. That mechanism is simply not known.
In my next post in a couple of hours I will try and provide another example that visually is more instructive.
And will you make any progress toward answering the question?
"If design cannot be spontaneous, where/how did the designer originate?"
Science has proof without any certainty. Creationists have certainty without
any proof. (Ashley Montague)
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
Let's take another example but this time with far more selective power. I will try to make it more visually descriptive to demonstrate the process.
tRNA biosynthesis
DNA molecule carries the instructions which are absolutely necessary to produce enzymes, different nucleotide complexes, and smaller protein molecules used in the processes of transcription and translation. One of such important tools are tRNA molecules. Each living cell constantly utilizes some 40 different forms of the tRNA molecule.
We will look at the yeast DNA gene for tRNA tyr
The tRNATyr gene has to be found in one of the chromosomes. Here that gene is represented with the aid of the four symbols A, C, G, T, substituted for the rather complex chemical formulas of four the different deoxyribonucleotides:
Here it is.
Don't worry about the exact meaning of this sequence just note the configuration changes as they come along.
The DNA gene has to be copied (transcribed). The gene remains intact in the structure of the given chromosome. The subunits of the copy are made from a different kind of sugar (not deoxyribose, but ribose), and one of the original organic bases (T) is substituted by another one (U):
So the early RNA transcript of the gene is
GUUAUCAGUUAAUUGACUCUCGGUAGCCAAGUUGGUUUAAGGCGC AAGACUGUAAUUUACCACUACGAAAUCUUUGAGAUCGGGCGUUCG ACUCGCCCCCGGGAGAUU (notice the T's are now U's)
Both the tRNATyr gene and its faithful RNA copy consist of four different units linked in a sequence 104 subunits long. Now this may seem to us quite random, but in fact it is absolutely non-random, i.e. this specific sequence is closely correlated with the final, functional properties of the tRNATyr molecule. Virtually any change in this sequence makes it unfit to fill properly its job in the cell.
This non-randomness is usually called selectivity.
This RNA copy dictated by the structure of the tRNATyr gene undergoes many further complex modifications before it changes into the functional primary or mature structure of the tRNATyr molecule.
Parts of the precursor 1 copy have to be removed. The removed elements are written in lowercase red
guuaucaguuaauugaCUCUCGGUAGCCAAGUUGGUUUAAGGCGCAAGA CUGUAAuuuaccacuacgaaAUCUUUGAGAUCGGGCGUUCGACUCGCCC CCGGGAGAuu
Which give us Precursor 2
Several single units have to undergo a transformation. The transformed elements are the final, functional primary structure of the yeast tRNA Tyr
Have a look again at the early RNA transcript of the tRNA gene dictated by the sequence of the DNA gene the early RNA transcript of the gene - the supposedly unique source of information
The final, functional primary structure of the yeast tRNATyr differs considerably from the original DNA gene.
It is shorter than the gene - just 78 subunits long, but it is composed not from four but from eleven different subunits.
The original DNA gene is simply a very rough and incomplete information set that is required to produce the function it is required to. It has to be modified
The process of modifying the raw precursor involves a considerable increase in the selectivity of the product. This increase is over 1000 fold.
In other words the selectivity guaranteed by the DNA gene is insignificantly small in comparison with the selectivity really needed and actually somehow provided.
So where does this enormous selective power reside? We don't know.
About 14 years ago mRNA editing was discovered. This means that the DNA genes, in some cases, do not determine the proper sequence of amino acids. The information provided by DNA messages is - in these cases -simply wrong, from the functional, biological point of view, and it has to be edited during a separate stage. As a result of this editing the original, primary molecular meaning of a given gene can be radically changed.
If DNA is the main ruling agency of the body mechanisms, then any mutilation of the DNA molecule should be fatal and unrecoverable. In reality DNA can, and is constantly being repaired. Somehow the organism knows how to detect a change in the genetic message, and utilizes many different, complex procedures to repair different forms of mutation.
Here is another spanner in the works of the one gene one function concept
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/a ... +One+Codon,
As the abstract concludes
"Thus, the genetic code supports the use of one codon to code for multiple aminoacids."
In linguists we have homonyms, one word having two meanings. The meaning is determined by the context. ( bear –an animal but also to carry something) the context determines the meaning.)
So here we have the cell displaying a quasi-linguistic capability.
How did that meaning come about? Also where does that algorithm reside.
The simple answer is we do not know.
The present, almost completed inventory of the cell certainly does not contain any complex set of structures that we can identify with this type decision making code (and there are countless numbers of this information storage)
In a computer for instance we find these algorithms written onto the hard drive. But with the cell we have no idea as yet where these algorithms reside.
What is clear though is that symbolic information that is so clearly evident has to come from somewhere. It does not reside in the chemical nature of the molecules.
Random mutilation of DNA for example does not provide the prescriptive information that we see in cell operation.
In communication theory mutilation of any data is regarded as noise. And noise corrupts the signal. That is why such care is taken to eliminate noise from a communication channel..
So what we are seeing in these two examples are features of operations we would expect in genetic engineering design. As James Shipiro describes it Natural Genetic Engineering.
Please reflect on his concluding submission entitled
A 21st Century View of Evolution.
In part he states
The last half century has taught us an astonishing amount about how living organisms function at the molecular level, in particular about how they execute cellular computations through molecular interactions and about the systemic, modular, computation-ready organization of the genome. We have come to realize some of the basic design features that govern genome structure. Combining this knowledge with our understanding of how natural genetic engineering operates, it is possible to formulate the outlines of a new 21st Century vision of evolutionary engineering that postulates a more regular principle-based process of change than the gradual random walk of 19th and 20th Century theories. Such a new vision is not all-encompassing because it cannot provide detailed accounts for major events currently beyond the reach of science, such as the origin of cellular life or the mechanisms of endosymbiotic events underlying the emergence of distinct superkingdoms and kingdoms of life (51, 52). Nonetheless, a 21st Century view of evolution can help us understand how new taxonomic groups have emerged bearing novel complex adaptations.
Re: Theories - Origin of Life
This question is very confusing.
Where have I stated that design cannot be spontaneous?
May I remind what your original question was.
This is what I am in the progress of dealing with. So I will continue.
Now I deliberately waited a while before continuing in the hope that you would read the papers I have cited.
IF you have then you will know the answer to the question raised. However for the sake of clarity in case you have not fully absorbed the information I have presented.
Allow me to quote directly from his (Shapiro's)paper that incidentally has referenced some 56 other papers and articles in support of his presentation.
Here is the paper again
http://shapiro.bsd.uchicago.edu/21st_Ce ... _Evol.html
Under the heading
"The last half century has taught us an astonishing amount about how living organisms function at the molecular level, in particular about how they execute cellular computations through molecular interactions and about the systemic, modular, computation-ready organization of the genome. We have come to realize some of the basic design features that govern genome structure.
Combining this knowledge with our understanding of how natural genetic engineering operates, it is possible to formulate the outlines of a new 21st Century vision of evolutionary engineering that postulates a more regular principle-based process of change than the gradual random walk of 19th and 20th Century theories.
Such a new vision is not all-encompassing because it cannot provide detailed accounts for major events currently beyond the reach of science, such as the origin of cellular life or the mechanisms of endosymbiotic events underlying the emergence of distinct superkingdoms and kingdoms of life (51, 52).
Nonetheless, a 21st Century view of evolution can help us understand how new taxonomic groups have emerged bearing novel complex adaptations."
He then summarises in the following way
"� Major evolutionary change to the genome occurs by the amplification and rearrangement of pre-existing modules. Old genomic systems are disassembled and new genomic systems are assembled by natural genetic engineering functions that operate via non-random molecular processes.
� Major alterations in the content and distribution of repetitive DNA elements results in a reformatting of the genome to function in novel ways --without major alterations of protein coding sequences. These reformattings would be particularly important in adaptive radiations within taxonomic groups that use the same basic materials to make a wide variety of morphologically distinct species (e.g. birds and mammals).
� Large-scale genome-wide reorganizations occur rapidly (potentially within a single generation) following activation of natural genetic engineering systems in response to a major evolutionary challenge. The cellular regulation of natural genetic engineering automatically imposes a punctuated tempo on the process of evolutionary change.
� Targeting of natural genetic engineering processes by cellular control networks to particular regions of the genome enhances the probability of generating useful new multi-locus systems. (Exactly how far the computational capacity of cells can influence complex genome rearrangements needs to be investigated. This area also holds promise for powerful new biotechnologies.)
� Natural selection following genome reorganization eliminates the misfits whose new genetic structures are non-functional. In this sense, natural selection plays an essentially negative role, as postulated by many early thinkers about evolution (e.g. 53). Once organisms with functional new genomes appear, however, natural selection may play a positive role in fine-tuning novel genetic systems by the kind of micro-evolutionary processes currently studied in the laboratory."
He concludes this way
"Molecular genetics has amply confirmed McClintock�s discovery that living organisms actively reorganize their genomes (5). It has also supported her view that the genome can "sense danger" and respond accordingly (56).
The recognition of the fundamentally biological nature of genetic change and of cellular potentials for information processing frees our thinking about evolution. In particular, our conceptual formulations are no longer dependent on the operation of stochastic processes. Thus, we can now envision a role for computational inputs and adaptive feedbacks into the evolution of life as a complex system. Indeed, it is possible that we will eventually see such information-processing capabilities as essential to life itself."
In 2009 Shapiro revisited this subject and you will find his paper here.
http://shapiro.bsd.uchicago.edu/Shapiro ... 0Dogma.pdf
This time citing 154 reference articles.
"Natural Genetic Engineering
Underlying the central dogma and conventional views of genome evolution was the ideathat the genome is a stable structure thatchanges rarely and accidentally by chemicalfluctuations or replication errors. This view has had to change with the realization that maintenance of genome stability is an active cellular function and the discovery of numerous dedicated biochemical systems for restructuring DNA molecules.
Genetic changeis almost always the result of cellular action on the genome. These natural processes are analogous to human genetic engineering, and their
activity in genome evolution has been extensively documented."
In summary therefore
The mechanism for genetic change is the natural genetic engineering process Shapiro describes.
Old genomic systems are disassembled and new genomic systems are assembled by natural genetic engineering functions that operate via non-random molecular processes.
Basic design features are now recognised
Major change occurs suddenly (potentially within one generation and supported by the fossil record)
You will notice that although Shapiro acknowledges the design engineering process. He also states that it's origin is currently beyond the scope of science.
If you want to persist in your argument of having to name or describe a designer, for the process to be credible, then your argument against the evolutionary community itself.
Because Shapiro is an evolutionary biologist and so are a great number of scientists who also recognise this process.
There are a reducing number of biologists who still subscribe to the Darwinian process of random mutations.
The main protagonists are notably Dawkins and Coyne who seem more interested in promoting their religious views rather than science.
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To combat fraud, companies are rationalizing their banking relationships and moving away from checks to digital payment solutions. But they're doing so slowly.
That's a key finding of the recent "SunGard B2B Payments and Bank Connectivity Study." Nearly 400 treasury and finance professionals from around the world responded to the survey. Among those with more than $1 billion in annual revenue, 15 percent said their company uses paper checks more than any other payment method. Checks were supplanted years ago as the most common payment method; this year, electronic funds transfer (EFT), wire, and Automated Clearing House (ACH) were each cited by around a quarter of respondents as their most prevalent payment method (see Figure 1, below). Still, the companies that remain check-heavy are making more than 20 million payments per year via paper checks, putting those organizations at significant risk of check fraud.
"We still see substantial check use in the U.S.," reports Andrew Owens, head of SunGard's AvantGard Payments business. "It's coming down, and I think it's coming down precisely because of the effort to reduce fraud. As fraud prevention and control become more important, we're also seeing the barrier to entry coming down for moving to a single-payment solution and connectivity."
For some companies, the answer is to set up a payment factory. The company's enterprise resource planning (ERP) and/or other accounts payable systems generate payment instructions, which they route to the payment factory software. The payment factory determines which payment method makes the most sense for each transaction (ACH, wire, etc.), then initiates the transactions. The payment factory may also interact with the organization's treasury management system, especially if the company uses a payments-on-behalf-of (POBO) structure or has a lot of intercompany transactions.
The top drivers of centralization of payments processes and solutions are control and fraud prevention, cited by 29 percent of respondents; reduction of internal costs, such as labor and infrastructure costs (27 percent); reduction of external costs, such as bank fees (18 percent); and improved visibility (16 percent). Owens says that centralization has been slowly gaining momentum for years, but that only recently have fraud concerns moved to the fore as a key driver of the transition. He points out that a centralized payment system also offers functional benefits, such as minimizing errors that get sent to the banks, and it enables companies to undertake POBO or other intercompany payment structures.
Worries about fraud are also pushing companies to connect their payments software—whether it's a payment factory, a treasury management system, or an ERP system—directly to their banks via the SWIFT network. Almost one in three survey respondents larger than $1 billion in annual revenue are currently using SWIFT, and 41 percent expect to be doing so within the next two years.
"Fraud concerns are driving an increase in the number of companies outside of financial services that are moving to SWIFT for payments," Owens says. "SWIFT was once the domain of the very largest corporates, but the benefits mean the business case is now stacking up for corporates that are large but not the very largest. What typically happens when a company decides to move to a centralized payments platform is that they're also deciding to replace all those specific bank connections with something like SWIFT connectivity so that they consolidate the bank connectivity piece and the payments piece at the same time."
A final means of reducing the risk of fraud is to reduce both the number of banks a company does business with and the number of accounts it holds with each bank. Not surprisingly, the larger companies in the SunGard study tend to juggle more banks and more accounts than do the smaller organizations. Overall, a quarter of respondents work with more than 10 primary cash management banks, and nearly as many have more than 1,000 bank accounts.
This level of diversification in banking activities increases the chance of fraud and reduces visibility into a company's cash position. But, says the SunGard study, one of the main benefits companies have achieved through payment centralization projects is the ability to streamline bank relationships.
Standardizing payment processes, centralizing payments on a single platform companywide, reducing the number of banking partners, and taking advantage of SWIFT connectivity to directly initiate payments with those banks that remain are four keys to reducing a company's risk of payments fraud. The fact that these approaches to payments also strengthen cash management is icing on the treasury layer cake.


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Rock County unemployment rate is unchanged
MADISON—The unemployment rate in the Janesville metro area was unchanged in December, the Department of Workforce Development reported Wednesday.
Statewide, unemployment rates fell or stayed the same in nine of the 12 metro areas.
The department said the December rate for Rock County—also known as the Janesville Metropolitan Statistical Area—was 7 percent, the same rate reported in November and below the 7.9 percent tallied in December 2012.
Overall, the state unemployment rate in December was 5.8 percent, also unchanged from the rate posted in November and down from the 6.6 percent posted in December 2012, the department reported.
November-to-December rates increased in the Eau Claire, Fond du Lac and La Crosse metropolitan statistical areas.
Of the 32 Wisconsin cities with at least 25,000 people, unemployment rates dropped or stayed in the same in 27.
Among counties, Rock County had the 26th-highest rate, while Dane County had the lowest at 3.8 percent.
Walworth County had a December unemployment rate of 6.2 percent, while Green and Jefferson counties had rates of 4.6 percent and 6.1 percent, respectively. Only Green County posted a decline compared to November.
Among individual cities, Janesville's rate of 7.3 percent in December was the ninth highest in the state.
With a December unemployment rate of 9.6 percent, Beloit had the second-highest rate among Wisconsin cities. It trailed only Racine and its December unemployment rate of 10.7 percent.
Local unemployment rates are not seasonally adjusted.


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Janesville city council debates room tax
JANESVILLE--The city of Janesville next year will send more of its 8 percent room tax to the Janesville Area Convention & Visitors Bureau, but some city council members think that's still not enough.
Councilman Brian Fitzgerald led a recent push to increase money given to the visitors bureau, which would require corresponding cuts in the 2014 city budget.
The Janesville Convention & Visitors Bureau is an independent, non-profit corporation funded by the city hotel room tax.
A majority of council members at a recent budget study session agreed to send 5 percent more of the room tax to the visitors bureau next year, meaning the visitors bureau will get 47.5 percent of room tax collected.
That's less than the 10 percent increase Fitzgerald was seeking.
Every dollar invested with the bureau creates more than $17 in economic impact for local business, Fitzgerald said, citing visitors bureau statistics.
"Nothing we do here in City Hall has that kind of return," Fitzgerald said.
Council members voted 4-3 in favor of the 5 percent increase and told acting City Manager Jay Winzenz to find $31,500 in cuts to the city budget to compensate.
The increase is the second for the visitors bureau in two years.
Councilman Matt Kealy convinced the council in 2012 to up the percentage of room tax given to the visitors bureau in 2013 to 42.5 percent.
In 2012, total room taxes totaled $726,625, and 37.5 percent—or $272,484—was given to the visitors bureau. Numbers for 2013 won't be available until the year is done.
Christine Rebout, bureau executive director, told council members she spends most of her money not to lure leisure travelers but to market the city as an affordable place with nice facilities for business meetings and conventions.
Rebout's staff attends about six trade shows a year.
Rebout said she would use any additional money to market sporting events and tournaments.
"We really need to jump into it and do more," she said. "We have nice facilities."
She cited the Youth Sports Complex, Dawson Fields and the ice arena as examples.
Sporting events, meetings and conventions help fill hotel rooms in the off season.
The city lacks available hotel rooms in August and September, but investors are reluctant to build more rooms if they can't fill them in the slow months, Rebout said.
Rebout is also at a point where she might also need to hire an additional sales person, she said.
In addition, it costs to bid for events such as the World Water Ski Show Tournament.
The city is in danger of losing the ski show because it has not upgraded the site while other communities are investing in their venues, she said.
"We're not going to automatically keep nationals and world here if we are not going to continue to invest," Rebout said.
Fitzgerald said the room tax when created was intended for the convention and visitors bureau.
"Quite frankly, it's been abused and used for so many things," Fitzgerald said.
He suggested hotel owners agreed to the tax in 1988 because the money was to be used to promote the city and fill hotel rooms.
Fitzgerald did his own survey and found that out of 15 cities and towns surveyed, Janesville ranked fifth-lowest in the percentage of room tax given to its bureau.
Beloit and Wisconsin Dells are at 90 percent and Racine and Oshkosh are at 85 percent, for example. Brookfield gives its visitors bureau the least--17 percent of room tax collected.
Fitzgerald said Janesville is competing with every city in Wisconsin for visitors and conventions.
"Even Beloit is outspending us by a huge amount," Fitzgerald said. "It's not a race where you want to be in second place."
Winzenz disagreed with Fitzgerald's contention that money was "taken away" from the bureau.
No percentage was specified in the original state law that created a 5 percent room tax, Winzenz said. In 1988, Janesville established a 5 percent room tax and took 4.5 percent, directing a half percent to the bureau.
A state amendment in the 1990s specified that 70 percent of any increases go to visitors bureaus.
The city increased the room tax by 1 percent each year in 1997, 2000 and 2002, with 70 percent of each increase going to the visitors bureau.
The city justifies keeping the money because visitors also use services residents pay for, such as streets and emergency responses.
Fitzgerald said it is imperative the bureau get more money now because businesses plan several years in advance.
"It isn't something we're going to see results overnight," he said.
In addition, legislation has been proposed that would force cities to give 70 percent of all room tax collected to their visitors bureaus.
"If the state of Wisconsin passes the legislation that forces us to go to 70 percent, now it's a free for all," Fitzgerald said. "Everybody is increasing their budget. I'd rather be in on the front edge. At that point, we have an advantage.
"This is a race we've got to be in … We've got to be able to compete on a level playing field with these other cities."
Councilman Douglas Marklein, too, sounded a warning. He opted for a 5 percent increase in 2014, though, because he said the 2014 city budget already is bare bones.
Marklein reminded council members of the upcoming reconstruction of Interstate 90/39 in the next five to seven years.
"As a traveler, I'm usually loath to pull off the highway when there is road construction," Marklein said. "I will go to the next city to avoid it."
He said the planned sound barrier walls won't help.
"We will have these barrier walls that will basically block Janesville out for people driving through Janesville. And, if they (the state) increase the speed limit, (drivers) will be whipping through here about 80 to 85 miles an hour. They won't even see Janesville until they're halfway to Milton.
"We will need to look for ways to pull people off this highway and make this a destination worthy of stopping," Marklein said.
"It's a wise investment to make, especially with what's going to happen in the next eight or so years."


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Assembly passes Walker's property tax cut
MADISON, Wis. — The Wisconsin Assembly, on a broad bipartisan vote Thursday, approved a $100 million property tax cut a week after Gov. Scott Walker proposed it, clearing the way for it to be signed into law by the end of the week.�
The measure sped through the Legislature with little opposition, allowing for the cut to be applied to tax bills mailed to homeowners in December. The amount of the cut will vary widely across the state but for the typical homeowner it will amount to just $13 this year and $20 next year.�
Even under the cut, property taxes are still projected to increase by $11 — from $2,943 to $2,954 — in two years for the median-valued $148,000 home.
Walker and Republican backers defended the cut, as modest as it may be, as the right thing to do given the state's growing budget surplus.
"It is outstanding to see Republicans and Democrats in the Assembly come together, like their colleagues in the Senate, to pass meaningful property tax relief for Wisconsin families, farmers, seniors, and small businesses," Walker said in a statement. He planned to sign it into law Sunday in Burlington.�
While most Democrats voted for the bill, even those who ultimately supported it argued it was nothing more than a political ploy and would provide little significant tax relief.�
Walker introduced the tax cut plan just three days after Democrat Mary Burke announced her campaign for governor.�
Democratic Assembly Minority Leader Peter Barca called it an "interesting coincidence" that Walker introduced the tax cut so close to Burke getting into the race. He proposed an alternative property tax cut plan that he said would be better for the middle class. That was rejected.�
"The middle class deserves better than what is in front of us," Barca said.�
Democrats said the plan was hastily put together and not well-thought out.�
"What we're doing here is not serious tax policy reform," said Democratic state Rep. Melissa Sargent, of Madison, who voted against the bill.�
But Republicans said taxpayers would appreciate the cut, no matter the size.�
"We all know at the end of the day homeowners deserve the break and that's what we're going to give them today," said Republican Assembly Speaker Robin Vos.
The Assembly passed the bill 82-12, with 26 Democrats joining all 56 present Republicans voting for it. It passed the Senate 28-5, with 10 Democrats for it and five against.�
The tax cut, along with other bills before the Legislature, would result in a projected $725 million budget shortfall heading into the 2015 two-year budget. That is 33 percent higher than the previous estimate of $545 million, but less than half of the average structural deficit dating back to 1997.�
Vos dismissed concerns about the growth in the projected shortfall, saying that would be plugged with as little as 1 percent growth in state tax collections. On Monday Walker's administration released a report showing state tax collections were $89 million more than previously expected for the budget year ending in June.�
Under the property tax proposal, the $100 million would be funneled through the state aid formula for schools, which are mostly funded from the state and local property tax revenue. But without a requisite increase in schools' spending authority, the money would instead go toward lowering local property taxes.


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Sitton adjusts to move
It's a good thing Green Bay Packers guard Josh Sitton has an inner dialogue.
Otherwise, he would have been in big trouble when head coach Mike McCarthy and offensive line coach James Campen came to him and fellow guard T.J. Lang and to tell them they would be swapping sides.
"I thought they were idiots at first," Sitton said.
Perhaps best described as a combination even-tempered bull and stubborn mule, Sitton could not believe his ears and immediately thought five years of work on the right side of the offensive line was going to go for naught.
Seven games into the regular season, Sitton has a different take on things.
"Now, I think they're geniuses," he said.
There are any number of reasons why Green Bay's offensive line is carving out new territory in the running game and protecting quarterback Aaron Rodgers well enough that he can do his thing. But if you wanted to put your finger on one thing, it would probably be the strong play of the interior line and the emergence of Sitton as a force on the left side.
"Yeah, man, I'm playing good right now," Sitton said, when asked if he was playing the best football of his career. "I feel comfortable, I feel confident. I feel confident in what we're doing as an O-line.
"The change has been good for me, really good in the run game. And the pass game, I've played well overall, but in the run game I don't have as many defaults as I did on the right side."
Asked why he seems to be playing better on the left side, Sitton said he has absolutely no idea. He speculated that maybe it's easier for him to execute the difficult "reach" blocks—having to get to the outside shoulder of a defensive lineman who is lined up to the outside of the blocker—that are common in McCarthy's offense.
But when thinks more about it, he really shouldn't be executing that block as well as he has been because he often slips into right guard mode and uses the wrong footwork. That is not an ideal way of playing left guard, but it is part of the adjustment he has had to make.
"There's still a whole lot of time where I find myself in the middle of a play with my right foot back," he said. "It happens all the time actually. So part of me still feels like a right guard out there. Like I've said in the past, it's all muscle memory. Sometimes I just end up looking like a right guard. But it's going well."
The NFL tracks the direction of running plays and categorizes them based on which of the seven corridors they went into, one each for the five offensive line spots and two each outside or end positions. It's not an exact science given offensive lines are often on the move and their positions become muddled.
But using those statistics, the Packers rank No. 2 in the NFL on runs aimed at the left guard position with an average gain of 5.95 yards per carry. Only runs outside to the left average more (7.56) for the Packers.
A year ago, the Packers ranked 15th in the NFL in left guard runs with a per-carry average of 3.89 yards. They ranked dead last in left tackle runs (2.34) and 26th (4.49) in runs outside to the left.
Overall, the Packers ranked 24th in the NFL in rushing after seven weeks last year. They rank No. 3 right now.
"I think we're playing well right now," Sitton said. "We were just talking about the switch, switching sides has helped out and for whatever reason it is T.J. does some things better in the run game on the right side and I do some things better in the run game on the left side.
"I guess we can give coach Campen all the credit for that one or Mike. It's worked well so far."
Even as late as training camp, Sitton said he was pushing back against the move to the left side because he felt he wasn't making enough progress to justify the switch. He said he kept wondering if the coaches were not putting him in the best position to be successful.
Having made the adjustment he no longer questions whether he is where he should be. But he's willing to use the switch as a handy excuse when he makes a mistake.
"All through training camp and still when I make a bad play, I'm like, 'I should be at right guard,'" he joked. "There was definitely a lot of resistance—not resistance, but T.J. and I would talk with each other like, 'I can't do this, man. This sucks.'
"And I would tell coach Campen I feel terrible out here. As time has gone on, it's worked. I think we're starting to feel comfortable on our sides."
Another aspect of the move that has paid handsome dividends is the chemistry Sitton has gained with rookie left tackle David Bakhtiari. All through the off-season, Sitton worked with veteran Bryan Bulaga at that position, but a week into camp everything changed when Bulaga tore his ACL.
Early on Sitton and Bakhtiari messed up some stunts, but they seemed to have cleared that up.
Sitton has been a rock pass blocking on the left side, giving up just a half sack the entire season. Bahktiari has gone four straight games against formidable opponents, including Minnesota Pro Bowl end Jared Allen, and not given up a sack.
"I've played against a lot of tackles, so I've had no problem with kind of taking him under my wing," Sitton said. "He's a football guy, he knows football, so it's easy to talk football with him. He understands things. Obviously, there's bumps in the road; he's still a rookie. He doesn't have a 100 percent grasp of everything, but it's been successful."
Bahktiari said he probably wouldn't have been able to hold up as well as he has without Sitton.
"He might have felt uncomfortable (at left guard), but to me he seemed a lot more comfortable than I was," Bakhtiari said. "I appreciate him helping. I attribute some of going through very little growing pains as a rookie compared to other people, a lot of that is to him. He's helped me out a lot. He's a great guy."


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Kilbourn Park
3501 N. Kilbourn Ave. Chicago, Illinois 60641
(773) 685-3351
Fee: $10
Age Range: 18 & up
It's time to share the fall garden bounty with your family and friends for the holidays. The cuttings from the previous class are rooting and the herbs and flowers have dried. During this class, we will pot up cuttings that participants can take home. We will make teas from the garden and a calendula hand balm. Join us in creating homemade gifts for the holidays.


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In the swim: Whitewater Aquatic Center finding financial fitness
WHITEWATER—When the Whitewater Aquatic Center opened in 2001, the center's nonprofit board made a deal with the school district and the city.
Both district and the city would each contribute $75,000 a year� to subsidize costs for running the center. Every two years after that, the center's board could ask for what was essentially a cost of living increase to help keep pace with rising costs.
But the board never asked—until recently. In the past month, board President Steve Ryan and aquatic center Director Paula Malone asked both entities to increase their contributions by $3,000.
"This last year, we thought we were going to break even, even be a little bit into the black, but then we had some capital needs," Ryan said. "We had to drop our heads a little bit and ask for the money."
Being so close to being in the black is part of a much longer success story that's partly about making innovative choices and partly about being stubborn.
"When we first opened the place, we had a study done that showed that we would be about $150,000 in the hole from day one," said Ryan. "That's where that $75,000 figure came from."
Several years into operations, the board had discussions with Mercy Health Systems and entered into a contract that allowed them Mercy to run the operation.
By 2008, however, the center was $289,000 in debt, and the board decided to take back the facility and "see what they could do."
"We decided we were going to try to make it work without going back to the taxpayers," Ryan said.
The center became a "guinea pig" for a plan by Carrico Aquatics Resources of Jefferson. The company incorporated ultraviolet technology to reduce the amount of chemicals used in the pool.
Usually, the by-products of chlorine are removed from pool areas by pulling in large amounts of outdoor air, heating or cooling it, and then circulating it through the building.
The ultraviolet system reduced the amount of air that had to be circulated.
Carrico also installed variable frequency drives—Ryan described them as "essentially dimmer switches"—for the pool pumps and other equipment, Ryan said. As a result, the center's utility bills dropped 35 percent.
Those changes brought the center out of debt. This year, the center looked on track to break even—until one of the pool pumps went out.
Meanwhile, the center has been exploring other ways to raise funds. The "Discover Whitewater" half marathon and 5K run raised money for five local organizations that support the community.�
The $5,000 the center received from the marathon went to pay for "Family Partnership Program" memberships. Those memberships, which are also supported by the Whitewater Kiwanis Breakfast Club, allow low-income families to join the center at a discount of 10 percent to 80 percent of the regular price.
Malone also is pursuing several grants that would fund second- and third-graders in the school district taking swim lessons at the pool.


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An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2017
Trubeck Early Origins
Westmorland where they held a family seat anciently at Trowtbeck in the parish of Windermere in that shire.
Trubeck Spelling Variations
Trubeck Spelling Variations
Spelling variations of this family name include: Trowtbeck, Trowtback, Troutbeck, Troutback, Trowteback, Trowback, Trowbeck, Troubeck, Trueback, Truebeck, Truback, Trubeck, Truwbeck, Truwtbeck, Truwtback, Truwback, Trobeck and many more.
Trubeck Early History
Trubeck Early History
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Trubeck research. Another 165 words (12 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Trubeck History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Trubeck Early Notables (pre 1700)
Trubeck Early Notables (pre 1700)
More information is included under the topic Early Trubeck Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
The Great Migration
The Great Migration
Some of the first settlers of this family name or some of its variants were: Joseph Trowtback arrived in America in 1734.
Trubeck Family Crest Products
Trubeck Family Crest Products
See Also
See Also
Other References
The Trubeck Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Trubeck Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 31 October 2013 at 16:13.
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Burton wrote the book on various fits for outerwear. If denim has options like boot cut, skinny, ultra skinny, cigarette, straight leg, high waist, hip hugger and loose fit, why can't our snowboarding outfits? Well, it doesn't have to be as complex as choosing toothpaste. Burton broke their women's fits down into four categories…
Boarding School – Outerwear Fit
Narrator – All fits in Burton outerwear are tailored specifically for the movements of riding. The fit options are based on personal choice and style.
Kimmy – Don't you think it's a little cliche to have a girl for this skit?
Narrator – What do you mean?
Kimmy – Guys are just as concerned with how their jacket and pants fit as girls are. I mean, look at this diagram. See, men actually have more fit options than women.
Narrator – That's true.
Kimmy – And don't even get me started on the Boyfriend Fit. What the?
Narrator – All Burton fits are designed for riding. And fit options are based on personal preference.
Kimmy – You already said that. Anyways, I guess I'm over reacting. The Boyfriend Fit is actually kind of nice.
Narrator – The Boyfriend Fit, like all fits by Burton, is pretty nice.
Shop The House for Women's Burton Jackets.


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Unique Properties of Some of the Key Compounds in Nitraflex:
1 Scoop Serving
Nitraflex is so potent, only 1 scoop (1 serving) is necessary. Do not exceed 1 scoop in a single 24-hour period. Do not take Nitraflex within 5 hours of bedtime.
High Citrulline:Arginine Ratio
Arginine is a proven precursor to nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator. What most people don't know is that arginine supplementation stimulates the activity of arginase, an enzyme that breaks down arginine. Over time, this may actually result in reduced arginine and NO levels, in turn causing your preworkout formula to stop working. Research suggests that supplementing with a high ratio of citrulline to arginine may reduce this risk by avoiding overstimulation of arginase.*
CFB Helps Support Testosterone
In a clinical study, calcium fructopyranose borate (CFB) was shown to increase total and free testosterone within 3 hours of a single dose equivalent to just over 2 scoops of Nitraflex.* A longer-term study reported an increase in free testosterone by up to 29%.*
Effective Dose of Beta-Alanine
The clinically-proven performance enhancer beta-alanine was not "fairy dusted" in this formula. Rather, we added a powerful dose that you will feel working following your very first serving. (May promote slight, tingly-cerebral sensation).*
Creatine causes water retention, which can make achieving a dry, hard muscular look even more difficult. Sometimes creatine is added to products precisely for this reason. We left it out of Nitraflex precisely for this reason. Thus making Nitraflex ideal for pre-contest prep and lean muscle physique.*
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Nitraflex contains unique ratios of scientifically validated compounds that help you remain alert, intense and focused while you're flying from set to set with veins fully dilated and muscles pumped to the extreme. (DMAE)*
Note: One serving contains 325mg Caffeine, 1500mg of CarnoSyn® Beta-Alanine and a clinically researched dose of CFB (Calcium frucopyranose borate -- US Patent #5,962,049)
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|Nitraflex Proprieceutical Blend
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|Vasoactive Arginase-Regulating NO Precursor Complex
|Citrulline, Citrulline Malate, L-Arginine Malate, L-Arginine Alpha-Ketoglutarate, Resveratrol, Pterostilbene
|Acute Energy, Focus, Intensity, Neuromodulating, Endurance Complex
|Beta-Alanine (as CarnoSyn), Caffeine, DMAE Bitartrate, N-Acetyl-L-Tyrosine, Theanine, Raulwolfia Canescenes (Extract)
|Clinically-Studied Testosterone-Enhancing Complex
|Calcium Fructopyranose Borate (CFB) US Patent #5,962,049
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Cards extend Mozeliak, pick up Matheny's option
By Jenifer Langosch / MLB.com
JUPITER, Fla. –- Cardinals general manager John Mozeliak has signed a three-year contract extension that, at the end of its duration, will solidify Mozeliak as one of the longest-tenured GMs in organization history.
The extension is tacked on to the end of Mozeliak's current deal, which was set to expire after the 2013 season. Now, his agreement will run through 2016.
The extension was announced during a Thursday morning press conference during which Cardinals principal owner Bill DeWitt Jr. also acknowledged that the club has exercised the club option in manager Mike Matheny's contract. In doing so, the Cardinals have committed to keeping Matheny as the team's manager through 2014.
"We just thought it was an appropriate time," DeWitt said. "We wanted to solidify their standing in the organization beyond one year, and keep the continuity of a first-rate baseball operation going."
Mozeliak, 44, was hired as the Cardinals' GM in October 2007, shortly after Walt Jocketty was dismissed. Though the Cardinals interviewed several outside candidates for the job, Mozeliak's readiness for the position and understanding of the organization's direction earned him the chance to move into the top baseball operations post.
It completed a 12-year climb through the organization for Mozeliak, who first joined the Cardinals as an assistant in the scouting department. Among Mozeliak's first priorities was to create a unified approach and consistent message that could be applied at every level of the organization.
"The thing that right away had to be done was create a more transparent communication," Mozeliak said. "We wanted to do that by setting a strategic plan from the senior level and work its way all the way through the organization."
Mozeliak had the vision to pour resources into drafting and developing players in order to build a stronger farm system. He was also integral in the Cardinals' decision to reinvest in Latin America, a place that, as recently as 2004, had no organizational presence.
This focus on the foundation has not been at the sacrifice of the Major League club either. Mozeliak inherited a club that won 78 games in 2007 and has averaged 88 wins per season since. The Cardinals have advanced to the postseason three times in Mozeliak's five-year tenure and have played in the National League Championship Series each of the past two seasons. The Cardinals captured a World Series title in '11.
In the first trade Mozeliak made, he landed a Minor League third baseman named David Freese in exchange for Jim Edmonds. In 2009, the acquisition of Matt Holliday at the Trade Deadline helped thrust the Cardinals to a NL Central title. That winter, Mozeliak negotiated the largest player contract in Cardinals history in order to keep Holliday.
Mozeliak's trades in July 2011 positioned the Cardinals for a World Series run. Last spring, he completed an extension with Yadier Molina that kept the catcher from exploring the free-agent market. Mozeliak's tenure has also been marked by the unsuccessful attempt to retain Albert Pujols.
"I think it's been very helpful the way [Mozeliak] has taken charge from day one, and that we were all in agreement in how he we're structured and what the goals were," DeWitt said. "All of those things have been part of this job. People read about GMs and they think he's making trades and signing free agents, but there's a lot more to the job than that. That's important, but really it's managing people and managing the baseball operations."
Assuming Mozeliak stays in his post through the duration of his contract, he'll be just the fourth GM in Cardinals history to hold the position for at least nine years. Vaughn P. (Bing) Devine was the team's GM for 18 years over two different periods. Dal Maxvill (10 years) and Jocketty (14 years) also had extended stays in the position.
"I have a lot of confidence in where we're going," Mozeliak said. "When you think about working for a Major League franchise with the history like the St. Louis Cardinals, I feel very fortunate. The great thing about the city of St. Louis is it demands winning. We get that. We respect that and we try to honor that.
"From a processing standpoint, our group has really come up with a good model and one that we believe in and one that has allowed us to have that type of success. I'm very excited about this opportunity to continue to be with the Cardinals."
The task of maximizing the talent Mozeliak brings in will fall on Matheny, who led the Cardinals to an 88-74 record in his rookie season as manager. As the Majors' youngest skipper last season, Matheny brought St. Louis to within a win of a return trip to the World Series.
Hired to replace a retiring Tony La Russa, Matheny said he hadn't been concerned about his contract status heading into the season.
"It wasn't something on my radar," Matheny said. "I knew I had a job to do and that's still what I see. For me, I don't take one of these days for granted, let alone further than that. So I get an opportunity today to go out and earn what I do and push this group forward and make myself better, the staff better and our players better."
Matheny stepped into the managerial role after a 13-year playing career and a short stint as a special assistant in the player development system.
"What a great compliment to know that this organization, the ownership group, the front office believes that what the staff and I have done and will continue to do is part of the future," Matheny said. "This is a special place to be a part of."
Jenifer Langosch is a reporter for MLB.com. Read her blog, By Gosh, It's Langosch, and follow her on Twitter @LangoschMLB. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Collax Business Server is an all-in-one Linux server for small- and medium-sized businesses. It delivers all the important network services within a heterogeneous business environment for communication, infrastructure, compliance, groupware, and storage, all in a reliable and secure way which is easy to manage. It also provides essential security functions such as firewalling and virus and spam filtering, to protect against hacker attacks, viruses, and unsolicited email messages.
Hiawatha is a secure and advanced Web server for Unix. It has been written with security as its main goal. It features advanced access control, prevention of SQL injection and cross-site scripting, banning of clients who try such exploits, the ability to run CGIs under any UID/GID you want, and many other features. These features make Hiawatha an interesting Web server for those who need more security than what the other available Web servers are offering. Hiawatha is also fast and easy to configure.
QtWebApp allows you to write standalone Web server applications in C++ as easily as Java Servlets. The HTTP 1.1 server supports persistent connections, sessions with cookies, and file uploads. It contains a template engine and a logger that can be configured at runtime. The application runs on Unix as a daemon, on Windows as a service, and on all operating systems on the command line. It is based on Nokia QT 4.7. Compatibility with QT 4.8 and 5.0 has been verified successfully.
LilacServer is a Web developed in Java that employs Java NIO technology. It is fast and highly productive. It is also a template engine with its own language for creating templates and a framework with its own API. More features of interest: built-in support for databases via JDBC; integrated localization facilities; sophisticated caching capabilities; support of sessions, multi-part forms, and file uploads; support of third-party libraries; a Web-based management interface; and so on.


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Robert L. Krueger, Janesville, WI (1958-2013)
March 4, 1958 - November 21, 2013
Robert L. Krueger, age 55, of Janesville, died on Thursday, Nov. 21, 2013, at Meriter Hospital, Madison. He was born in Indianapolis, IN, on March 4, 1958, the son of LeRoy and Edith Ann (Thomas) Krueger. He graduated from Parker High School in 1977, and had been employed by Seneca Foods for the past 34 years. Halloween was Robert's favorite holiday and he was known to come dressed in costume to work. He was a member of the Janesville Church of Christ Church. He loved video games, animals, computers, and anything electrical.
Robert is survived by his parents, LeRoy and Ann Krueger of Blue Ridge, GA; three brothers: Delbert Krueger of Anchorage, AK, Philip (Tracy) Krueger of Blue Ridge, and Stephan (Sharita) Krueger of Janesville; one sister, Theresa Deiler of Blue Ridge; best friend, Brian Burdick of Janesville; nieces, nephews, other relatives and friends. He was preceded in death by his grandparents.
A Funeral Service will be held at 1 p.m. on Wednesday, Nov. 27, 2013, at SCHNEIDER APFEL SCHNEIDER & SCHNEIDER FUNERAL HOME & CREMATORY with Ken Knox officiating. Interment will be in Oak Hill Cemetery. A visitation will be held on Wednesday from 11 until 1 p.m. at SCHNEIDER APFEL SCHNEIDER & SCHNEIDER FUNERAL HOME. For on-line condolences and registry: www.schneiderfuneraldirectors.com


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The plague of sugar in your diet
The older I get, the more I think about proper nutrition. I'll admit, I don't always follow through on what's good for me. Bad habits are hard to break. But knowledge can be beneficial.
Take processed foods and Americans' habit of consuming too much sugar. What's that you say? You seldom dip into the sugar bowl? Well, I can't remember the last time I used one. But how many processed foods do you eat? Many or most contain sugar, high-fructose corn syrup or agave.
I learned much more about this by reading a story by Kristine M. Kierzek in the Cue section of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel last week. Kierzek interviewed Sarah Wilson, a journalist and host of "MasterChef Australia." Wilson, 40, once became homebound because of an autoimmune problem called Hashimoto's disease. It's basically triggered by sugar.
Autoimmune problems are all about inflammation, and sugar is all inflammation, Wilson told Kierzek. That suggestion made me wonder how much of my back problems are due to little more than inflammation. When I think back to the thousands of bowls full of Frosted Flakes, Sugar Smacks and Apple Jacks I gleefully gobbled as a child—sometimes several bowls in a single sitting—it makes me shudder.
"There have been a number of studies around the world to show that sugar is more insidious than cocaine or heroin," Wilson told Kierzek. "That always startles people." As an example, she points out how hard it is to resist that tub of ice cream in your freezer. Manufacturers play on these cravings by putting sugar and corn syrup in processed foods.
Wilson overcame Hashimoto's disease by cutting most sugars from her diet. She poured everything she learned into the book "I Quit Sugar: Your Complete 8-Week Detox Program and Cookbook" ($25, Clarkson Potter).
Did you know that store-bought ketchup contains more sugar than chocolate sauce? Mayonnaise also is made of unhealthy, cheap oils, and Wilson says homemade mayo is easy to make and nutritious. Wilson still indulges in dark chocolate and berries, but she often turns to coconut oil for cooking to make chocolate and as her secret weapon to ward off sugar cravings.
Many healthy food products contain no sugar but do have agave, which Wilson says is the worst sugar alternative you can eat.
If Wilson could encourage people to give up one product that's too high in sugar, she suggests fruit juice. Apple juice, she told Kierzek, whether freshly squeezed or organic, contains the same amount of sugar as a can of cola. Fruit juice, she says, might be "natural" but is basically sugar.
The story caused me to check a can of Coke in our house. It said it contained 39 grams of sugar per 12-ounce serving. Then I grabbed the half-gallon of juice in our refrigerator—the plastic tub that says in bold letters, "100 percent" juice. The label also says no sugar or high-fructose corn syrup were added. Still, an 8-ounce serving contains 36 grams of sugar. That means, ounce-for-ounce, the juice had more sugar than the soda! My grocery bill seems to go nowhere but up. I know one way to cut those costs. No more juices for breakfast.
Greg Peck can be reached at (608) 755-8278 or firstname.lastname@example.com. Or follow him on Twitter or Facebook.
Greg Peck can be reached at (608) 755-8278 or email@example.com. Or follow him on Twitter or Facebook.


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The Implausible Engines of Evolution
Discussion of everything related to the Theory of Evolution.
Moderator: BioTeam
Im not asking you if dark wing moths were or were not consumed before or after the production of industrial fog. I understand that the black ones used to be consumed because they stood out amongst the light air, and that they arent being consumed because they now blend in with the smoggy air. I understand that the white abd black switched placed.
You said that "the moths bearing a mutated black pigment allele were quickly eaten by birds". What Im asking you is this:
How do you know that the black pigment is a mutation? Has this been assumed, conjectured, or simply labeled as a mutation just to prove evolution? Or, has it been observed or proven to be a mutated allele?
-facts, observed events, plausible explanations, and solid evidence
Unfortunately people of the 19th century did not have knowledge or tools to identify and isolate mutations, so of course we cannot tell the exact time of "birth" of that mutation. Similar mutation has been observed to happen in modern times as well, and the moths have been extensively studied and the location and type of mutation has been identified. See for example Van't Hof et al. (2011) in the journal Science.
However, since a mutation happens inside a cell at an unknown time point and scientists cannot be "there" to see it. You can only see the "normal" allele, and then suddenly you have an individual that has the same gene with a mutated allele.
You could always argue "God made it so", which is something that science can never counter, since science only relies on observations and hypotheses based on them. Just as well you could say that in addition to mutations, God makes gravity happen - because no scientist in the world can tell you exactly how and why gravity works. Still I do not see many Christians doubting the prevailing theories regarding gravity.
This being said, I have given you examples of mutations and their (beneficial) effects from the HIV and bacteria to insects and finally even to us humans. If you choose to ignore all this, there is clearly nothing I can do to change your opinion. Closing your eyes in front of overwhelming evidence is called denial, and I am afraid that that is exactly what you are doing right now.
Oh and by the way, every gene is a result of mutation, so you and me, we are both living proof of heaps of beneficial mutations accumulated over a vast course of time.
1)You said "If a normal gut bacterium undergoes a mutation that affects the composition of its cell wall, the resulting cell wall can be a bit more costly to synthesize than it is for its non-mutant counterparts living in the same gut. The bacterium having the mutation does poorly in competition because it spends too much effort in building the mutated cell wall and that strain dies away soon.
However, if the person in whose gut the bacteria live has to take an antibiotic treatment for some reason, the bacteria with normal cell walls are in trouble, because the antibiotic makes holes in their cell wall and makes them die in numbers. But if the cell wall mutation mentioned above happens now, the new, more costly cell wall happens to be immune for the antibiotic and the mutant strain flourishes now - not because its cell wall was nice and good and cheap to build like the previous one, but because it keeps the bacterium alive."
This is you bacterium example, yes? Well the problem with this is that the time it takes to build a cell wall for the mutated gene never went away. Just because unmutated bacteria die does not mean that building the cell wall is any easier. Thus, since the difficulty of the cell wall is the same, the bacteria still perishes.
2)You said "This was of course a simplified example, but this happens all the time. The mutated gene can be anything, depending on the target of the antibiotic. The very same mutation can be good and bad, it is all up to the environment of the organism. "
An antibiotic does not trigger mutations. An antibiotic kills bacteria. Period. I would ask what triggers mutations, but then again, its a random occurrence.
3)You said "Furthermore, some higher organisms develop similar resistances, e.g. pest insects targeted by pesticides."
Again, you guys look for an example of resistance which develops, and then you simply, without proof, label it a mutation without proof that this is a mutation. This is extremely recent, and could have easily been tested by evolutionists. Yet, instead of testing this, you just paint it as a mutation.
4)You said "I will give you one more, well-studied example of beneficial mutations in multicellular organisms. The example case is called "industrial melanism", and it is apparent for example in certain species of moths. The "normal" camouflage of the moth is light so that it can rest again trunks of birches and among lichen and remain unnoticed by predators. If there happens to be a mutation that turns the moth's colour darker, it is quickly spotted and eaten by birds."
If the gene is a mutation, then how does it change into looking like a normal gene? If it is a mutation, the gene doesnt change in terms of looks, and should still be identifiable. Again, this is my point: you are labeling it a mutated gene without proof. Also, if it were so that you could not even verify that it is a mutation because it happened in a time where technology for identifying mutated genes was not available, then how can you be sure this is actually a mutation? You just say this because if it is, it would support your theory.
-facts, observed events, plausible explanations, and solid evidence
For the love of Flying Spaghetti Monster!
1) Yes the mutated cell wall is costly, but since there is no more competition from the cheap cell wall bacteria, the new mutant will prevail despite the higher build cost. Because the high build cost means it is the only bacterium that lives and thus has all the nutrients and resources of the gut available.
2) I did not say antibiotics trigger mutations. Stop twisting my words. Antibiotics are the selective pressure. When some target site of the antibiotic in question mutates and becomes immune to the antibiotic, but remains otherwise functional (e.g. altered ribosomal structure), then the mutant survives. The new ribosome might not work quite as well as the previous one, but since it keeps the germ alive, it is the one that gets selected for and it is the one that prevails.
3) Yes, the resistance develops because of mutations that happen in the insects. These mutations have been shown to happen in insects under pressure from pesticides - the normal, "wild type" insects get replaced by ones that have a mutation or several in genes coding for the key targets of pesticides. That is quite a straightforward way to demonstrate that mutations happen and animals live or die according to their fitness when measured against the environment they live in.
4) Did you not understand what I wrote? I gave you an author and one of the most prestigious science journals in the world who make an in-depth analysis on the mutation that make the moths turn black. What else do you need? I come to your place with a white moth and open it up and show you there is a gene that is mutating right now?
Sorry dude, if one of the world's leading science journals cannot convince you, how the hell am I supposed to?
I guess this conversation is as good as over, if all you do is ignore every example and piece of evidence I give you, and deliberately twist every word I write into something else. You seem like an intelligent person who has studied this matter a lot, but it is of no use to you or anyone else, if you refuse to accept anything that is against your personal, pre-set opinion only because it is against your religion's view of the world.
I feel I could as well be talking to a doorknob...
Re: The Implausible Engines of Evolution
To all scientists on this forum: find a brick wall and bash your heads against it. Blind faith is harder than bricks. Some day we may be able to understand the psychology of it and then be able to do something about it, but until then, our efforts would be better spent on preventing the walls to be built in the first place, i.e. with children. Education before indoctrination is imperative.
Re: The Implausible Engines of Evolution
Re: The Implausible Engines of Evolution
Well, it's really implausible that human descent is as told in biology books. Now THAT is hilarious. Talk about blind faith !
Re: The Implausible Engines of Evolution
Why is it implausible?
Re: The Implausible Engines of Evolution
Because the explanations are not even internally consistent. That's a bad stroke.
Re: The Implausible Engines of Evolution
Umm... elaborate? Any evidence?
Re: The Implausible Engines of Evolution
Yes, there is evidence.
To elaborate; A two-faceted approach
First, for background, please see this article by PZ Meyers.http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2006 ... henism.php
True or not true as to PZ's take on how it's grossly oversimplified in school ? Is this particular example fitting as a gross oversimplification being presented to students ?
How about this ?
And this ?
Second facet: How about definitions for Evolution ? Can you give me one that you accept ?
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Moores Law seen hitting big bump at 14 nm
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SAN FRANCISCO Chips made at the 14-nm process node may deliver as little as half the typical 30 percent performance increaseand still carry a hefty cost premium--due to the lack of next-generation lithography needed to make them efficiently, according to experts speaking at the International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM) here on Monday (Dec. 10).
Chip makers must choose lithography options now for 14-nm node, two generation away from the 28-nm node in wide production for todays smallest devices. But it will not be until 2014 that extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography tools will be available for limited commercial use, said Luc van den Hove, chief executive of the IMEC research center in Belgium, speaking to EE Times after a keynote talk here.
The cost of 14-nm wafers made with todays 193-nm immersion lithography systems will be more than 90 percent greater than the cost of todays 28-nm wafers. EUV would shave that increase to just under 60 percent, van den Hove estimated in his talk (see chart below).
Click on image to enlarge.
The cost comes from the need to make as many as three exposures with todays systems compared to just one with EUV. The triple patterning is too complex so you will have to relax design rules or the chips will not yield, said Kurt Ronse, an IMEC lithography specialist.
As a result, 14-nm chips likely will deliver about 15 to 20 percent performance boosts over the prior generation, rather than the typical 30 percent boost, estimated Ronse.
It is likely some design rules at 14 nm will have to be relaxed somewhat, said van den Hove in his keynote. I believe the time to decide lithography options for 14 nm is basically now, and its clear EUV is not ready for the challenge, he added, in response to a question.
There is a tremendous effort to solve the [EUV] problems, said van den Hove. We believe the problems are not fundamental, they are engineering but it will require time."