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Multicellular prokaryote
About microscopic forms of life, including Bacteria, Archea, protozoans, algae and fungi. Topics relating to viruses, viroids and prions also belong here.
Moderator: BioTeam
Multicellular prokaryote
Now this is an innocent question.
Do you know of a multicellular prokaryote?
Re: Multicellular prokaryote
bacillus subtilis
Re: Multicellular prokaryote
Cyanobacteria is the answer. They were classified as plants at first.
This is what wiki says:
Cyanobacteria include unicellular and colonial species. Colonies may form filaments, sheets or even hollow balls. Some filamentous colonies show the ability to differentiate into several different cell types: vegetative cells, the normal, photosynthetic cells that are formed under favorable growing conditions; akinetes, the climate-resistant spores that may form when environmental conditions become harsh; and thick-walled heterocysts, which contain the enzyme nitrogenase, vital for nitrogen fixation.
That just means they are not true multicellular prokaryotes.
Consider what you mean by "multicellular." To rule out streptococci, etc - bacteria found in multicellular associations . you'd have to ask for some level of differentiation and you do find this in cyanobacteria. To some extent you have this with many of the Actinomycetes.
First off, the question at hand is an oxymoron. The only somewhat correct answers are given by Adz and Jorge. Prokaryotes are not multicellular and saying that they are is contradictory to anything that is evidently known about them. Since the question is ambiguously termed, I am taking it in the context that you're asking if "prokaryotes are multi-cellular as the way eukaryotes are multi-cellular." Either way multicellular means an organism consisting of more than one cell. For example, a human being is a single organism, which consists of multiple cells. A bacterium is a single organism, so how many cells does a bacteria have? Thats the dead give away because bacteria only have one cell, they do not consist of multiple cells.
The answer is simply no, they are not multicellular like eukaryotes. Why? First, prokaryotes (bacteria) as a single entity (bacterium) are capable of carrying out their life processes individually of one another (reproduction, metabolism, nutrient processing, etc.), meaning one bacterium is able to live without an association to other bacteria. Second, if prokaryotes were multicellular their functions would depend on other bacterial cells making them "specialized cells" and would mean they were capable of forming tissues and organs. Now, this does not mean they can't function as a group and appear multicellular. Bacteria can even communicate with one another through chemical means or by interconnecting themselves with nanowires, which alters the way they behave as if they were living as a single bacterium.
In conclusion, bacteria are not multicellular because they can carry out their life processes as a single cell bacterium. However, they can communicate with one another and group or cluster with each other, but their biological life processes are still the same when grouped together. Each single bacterium in a group still maintains an individual life cycle, and does not depend on the group for survival.
***Also, Cyanobacteria were first classified as plants because of their ability to carry out photosynthesis, which both plants and cyanobacteria have the green pigment chlorophyll that allows them to carryout this process. However, cyanobacteria are bacteria and prokaryotic and are not plants. In fact, bacteria are the reason why we have photosynthesis, they carried out this process long before plants EXISTED. Did you know the first process of photosynthesis did not produce oxygen (anoxygenic photosynthesis) as a by-product! Bacteria eventually adapted to their environment and made a more suitable environment by producing oxygen as a by-product, which gave rise to the composition of our atmosphere and allowed for aerobic respiration, and also an abundance in the growth of other organisms.
I have sources if you need them, and not from wikipedia or the internet. This is presented in my own words, and not directly copied from something.
Chris Piaseczny
Re: Multicellular prokaryote
As pedantic a "no" as I've ever seen. I think readers will understand the nature of answers - both those suggesting and the response. It's noteworthy that some of the slime molds have what might be termed mutlicellular life shtages.
Re: Multicellular prokaryote
Sorry to be over the top with the response, but I find that it helps me learn the material better by summarizing what I read, and then explaining it in a way which I can understand. This entire forum is perfect for that.
Chris Piaseczny
Re: Multicellular prokaryote
I do suggest you try to understand the complexity of biology rather than so adamantly insist that it be forcefit into your lesson. Complicating the generalized concept that prokaryotes are "unicellular" is the funtional differentiation of cells in association with other cells of the same organism. You can see this in the cyanobacteria and streptomycetes and it's even more evident in the slime molds. As you progress in your understanding of biology, this will become even more evident.
Jorge what are you referencing to? I didn't complicate any concept of prokaryotes being unicellular. Also, you keep referring to cyanobacteria and slime molds. The question at hand is asking, are there multicellular prokaryotes, which I provided a fairly thorough and correct answer because there are no multicellular prokaryotes. Again with cyanobacteria, just because they appear in unicellular associations doesn't change the fact that they're still single-celled organisms and do not consist of multiple cells, thus their functions are still independent of one another. It seems you're using "multicellular" interchangeably to describe their unicellular associations, which doesn't make them truly multicellular organisms. And with slime molds you're comparing apples to oranges because my response didn't mention anything about eukaryotes not being unicellular.
Chris Piaseczny
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Dog that mauled a young girl will be euthanized
JANESVILLE--A dog that mauled a 10-year-old Janesville girl and caused severe injuries Saturday night will be euthanized.�
Napalm, a 90-pound American bulldog, is the same dog that bit a 12-year-old Janesville boy and his father in October.
The dog was described as suddenly "going after" the girl while she, her mother, Mary Sather, and her aunt, Rosanne Jensen, sat in Jensen's living room in the 500 block of South Jackson Street, according to a Janesville police report.
The girl suffered a large gash under her arm, a puncture wound to her left shoulder and lost a piece of her right ear. She had several bite marks and scratches on other parts of her body.
Brian Jensen, the dog's owner and Rosanne Jensen's son, was not home at the time of the incident. Brian Jensen is cooperating with police.
Brian Jensen is cooperating with police, and he allowed them to send the dog to the Dane County Humane Society in Madison Saturday to be quarantined. Monday, he granted police permission to euthanize the dog.
Janesville police requested the dog be put down because of its "aggressive disposition and future threat to the community," said Sgt. Todd Kleisner.
The earliest the dog could be euthanized is Tuesday, Dec. 24, because the law requires a dog be tested three times during a 10-day period to check for rabies or other diseases it might have passed on to victims, Kleisner said.
The dog will remain at the humane society until that time.
Kleisner stressed police do not request every dog reported for biting be separated from its home and euthanized. A dog must be involved in two or more biting incidents to show a pattern of aggressive behavior before such a request is made.
The bite victim was taken to Mercy Hospital and Trauma Center, Janesville, on Saturday after the 7 p.m. attack, but she later was transferred to a different medical facility for more specialized care, Janesville police Lt. Terry Sheridan said Monday.
The girl's mother and aunt, who tried to intervene during the attack, suffering minor injuries. They did not seek medical attention.
In the October incident, Napalm was chewing a bone when the 12-year-old grabbed it. The dog bit the child in the back of the neck and would not let go, according to a police report.
When the boy's father, Tyler Schoff, came into the kitchen, he was able to get the dog off his son but was bitten in the ear.

subset: commoncrawl


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Algebra-Based Physics: Periodic and Simple Harmonic Motion Units
Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM). The motion that occurs when an object is accelerated towards a midpoint or equilibruim position. The size of the acceleration is dependent upon the distance of the object from the mid-point. Examples of this type of motion are sea waves, pendulums and springs. Units are not listed in a prescribed order.
Simple Harmonic Motion (8)
Lesson Plans:
This high-quality lesson plan was created to be used with the PhET simulation "Wave on a String". Students will apply the concepts introduced in the computer simulation to explore frequency, amplitude, and tension on an oscillating string. Editor's Note: this lesson gives students the chance to model the movement of energy on a string by applying properties of sinusoidal function. A great integration of trigonometry and physics.....and it's fun!
Level: High School Physics
Duration: One Class Period
This simple Java simulation will help students see that the period of a pendulum depends largely on its length and the gravitational constant (not the mass of the pendulum bob). They will see that the pendulum swings in simple harmonic motion as long as the initial angle is under 20 degrees.
Level: Grades 8-12
This simple, yet creative simulation offers a way for students to explore the connection between uniform circular motion and SHM. It will help build understanding of the basic equation for objects undergoing simple harmonic motion. The editors suggest using this resource with the interactive homework problem "Block and Spring" directly below.
Level: Grades 9-12
This interactive problem takes learners step-by-step through the components of simple harmonic motion. It will help students recognize the connection between the oscillation of a mass on a spring and the sinusoidal nature of SHM. It provides help with the related free-body diagram, graphs depicting SHM, and support in using the Work-Kinetic Energy Theorem to do the calculations.
Level: High School Physics
This Java model explores the motion of a block attached horizontally to an ideal spring. You can change the mass of the block, spring constant, and initial position. The model will display energy bar graphs and graphs of position, speed, and acceleration as a function of time. Try teaming this simulation with the interactive homework problem (directly below) to promote deep understanding of the sinusoidal nature of SHM.
Level: Grades 9-12
Duration: 30 minutes
Student Tutorials:
This module integrates a Java simulation, related lessons, physics background information, and explicit help in using every tool available in the simulation. It features a block suspended on a frictionless spring. Students can change the spring constant, mass of the block, and amplitude. Tools include a vector display and real-time graphs of potential and kinetic energy, position, velocity, and mechanical energy.
Level: Grades 9-12
This robust, yet easy-to-use interactive model can be adapted for learners ranging from middle school through AP physics. You can change the string length, mass, and initial angle. Change the gravitational constant to see how the pendulum moves on different planets. View real-time bar graphs to see how energy is converted from kinetic-to-potential and back as the pendulum swings. Advanced learners can view graphs of angular acceleration/velocity.
Level: Grades 6-12
Explore SHM in a multimedia format that integrates video clips, still images, graphs, and diagrams with informative text and lecture presentations. Great tool for students to set their own pace and self-gauge understanding. Covers the basics of periodic motion, Chladni patterns, Lissajous figures, and more.
Level: Grades 10-12
Conservation of Energy and Forces on a Spring (7)
Lesson Plans:
This two-hour activity was created to accompany the PhET simulation Masses & Springs. In the first lesson, students use the simulation to explore how displacement of a spring is mathematically related to the load applied to it. On Day 2, learners analyze the energy interactions by observing distribution and transfer of kinetic, elastic potential, and gravitational potential energy. Includes explicit directions for use of the simulation, homework problems, and answer key.
Level: High School Physics
Duration: Two Class Periods
In this realistic virtual mass-and-spring laboratory, students explore spring motion by hanging weights of different masses on springs. Students can adjust the spring stiffness and damping. (Damping is a force, often friction, that reduces amplitude.) Real-time charts show changing kinetic, potential, and thermal energy levels as the springs oscillate. Can be adapted for a variety of levels and capabilities.
Level: Grades 7-12
This item combines a simulation of a simple linear oscillator with detailed content support explaining the physics. Both numerical and analytical solutions are given, as well as puzzles for student interaction.
Level: High School Physics
Student-generated computer models are becoming much more widespread in physics education because of the opportunity for kids to test and apply their own prototypes. This resource lets them develop a model for a mass on a spring. It opens as a simple simulation for them to explore, record, and analyze data. Afterward, they use the Intro SpringLab computer modeling tool to built their own model and compare results with the real-life experimental results.
Level: Grades 9-12
Content Support For Teachers:
This lab activity, designed to explore the potential energy of springs, is offered in both an introductory and an advanced version. Using equipment available in most high school science labs, it includes reproducible data tables, "elicit" questions, and graphing activities.
Level: Grades 9-12
Student Tutorials:
This applet simulates a harmonic-coupled line of masses moving in one dimension. The load, damping, and stiffness of the springs are adjustable. It includes more complex concepts, such as phases and magnitudes of normal modes.
Level: AP Physics
We highly recommend this resource to promote deeper understanding of the interactions that influence the motion of a mass hanging from a spring. The author anticipates student conceptual roadblocks and helps them recognize how to use alternative problem-solving methods when the kinematic equations would become overly tedious. Meets numerous Math Common Core standards and AAAS Benchmarks and would be a good supplement for the PhET simulation "Masses & Springs" (above under Activities).
Level: High School Physics
Duration: 20 minutes
Teaching About Oscillation (2)
Looking for a scaffolded simulation on SHM that has a lesson plan, background information, and explicit help for students? This module, developed by the University of Calgary Physics Department, brings it all together in one convenient location. It features a mass on a frictionless spring. You can adjust the spring constant, add/subtract mass, and change amplitude. The tools include a vector display, kinetic/potential energy bar graphs, and real-time graphs of position, velocity, and mechanical energy.
Level: Grades 9-12
Content Support For Teachers:
Teachers who want a refresher on the topic of oscillating motion will appreciate these illustrated lecture notes on pendulum action and damped driven oscillators. Be sure not to miss the animated spreadsheets in Excel format, which can be customized and used in the classroom. Also included are sets of printable student study sheets and problem sets on oscillations.
Level: High School Physics
Special Topics: The Physics of Music (2)
Pluck the virtual string on this simulation, watch, and listen. You can adjust the damping, tension on the string, and speed of the simulation. Set your own force frequency or click to see the resonant frequency. Click on "Shape String" to create your own harmonic. Editor's Note: This resource was designed to help students visualize the different modes of oscillation that happen when a string is plucked. The frequency of the harmonics is a multiple of the fundamental frequency. Teachers: see Reference Materials below for a free textbook written to introduce high school students to the physics of music.
Level: High School Physics
References and Collections:
This well-written free textbook integrates the topics of waves, sound, music, and musical instruments. It would be ideal content support for secondary teachers wishing to teach a unit on harmonics or the physics of music. The mathematics involves only algebraic applications, so the book is also appropriate for high school physics students.
Level: Algebra-Based Physics


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CES: Three reasons why Ultra HDTV is a non-starter
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UHDTV, designed to deliver video with four times the resolution of current HDTV will be hyped, dissected and debated at the CES this week.
LAS VEGAS Are you hearing drumbeat of Ultra HDTV yet? I am. The question is whether this is The Music Man overture or a solo bongo player on a street corner in the East Village.
Seriously, this long developing "trend" has yet to reach full force. Nonetheless, the emerging technology designed to bring video in super high resolution with four times the pixels of current 1080p HDTV is the topic destined to be hyped, dissected and hotly debated at the Consumer Electronics Show this week in Las Vegas.
Sure, video on Ultra HDTV is nothing short of breathtaking. CES 2012 offered a taste of it at several booths, including Sharp and Sony.
Ultra HDTV, sometimes known as 4K x 2K, offers video in 3,840 × 2,160 pixels of resolution. The standards spec first released by the Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) in 2007 also has been approved by ITU, with its UHDTV standard allowing 24, 25, 60 and 120 frames per second. The UHDTV video production systems -- including cameras and encoder systems have been designed and developed. Some venues at the London Olympics last year were shot in UHDTV.
LG Electronics launched U.S. sales late last year of the first LED-backlit LCD flat panel display 84 whopping inches at a resolution of 3,840 x 2,160 for the also whopping price of $19,999. This aint Archie Bunkers Philco!
Samsung also promised to roll out an 85-inch UHDTV at CES this week. LG already has a model on the market.
Expect to hear more from digital video chip companies like Broadcom and Ambarella, who will be showing off Ultra HDTV encode/decode ICs at CES this week.
Clearly, the chip industrys pace in building an ecosystem around UHDTV has been picking up.
UHDTV is nevertheless still a non-starter for the following three reasons.
Form factor, political will and economics
If the history of the revolutionary shift from analog to digital TV is our guide, UHDTV lacks momentum in three areas: form-factor; political will; and pure economics.
First, the belated success of HDTV (or digital TV) owes a great deal to the eventual emergence of flat-panel TV. The industrys push to HDTV piggybacked on the new sleek, flat form factor of LCDs and/or plasma displays, which consumers enthusiastically embraced.
To build excitement around a mammoth 84-inch UHDTV, the industry needs a true video wall the kind portrayed in futuristic movies like Fahrenheit 451 and Back to the Future: 2. Only a universal form factor change can justify this sort of rumpus-room upheaval.
Second, HDTV in the 1980s got a huge boost when the U.S. TV broadcast industry wanting to secure extra bandwidth within the limited wireless airwaves lobbied Congress and the Federal Communications Commission to define "digital" TV (invented by a U.S. company, General Instruments) as a key U.S.-vs.-Japan competitiveness issue. The original analog HDTV system called Hi-Vision was invented by NHK, Japans public broadcaster.
Several U.S. companies initially competing among themselves to be a winner of the U.S. HDTV system joined forces to forge a consortium called the Grand Alliance, which eventually developed the U.S. HDTV standard. Both the broadcast industry and Grand Alliance became the indispensable forces behind the U.S. transition to digital TV.
UHDTV, developed again by NHK, is almost certainly being promoted as the enhanced standard within Japan. But in the U.S., UHDTV has no Grand Alliance, nor any other major interest group to exert the political pressure needed for broad adoption.


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Court documents: Father led investigators to his son in hit-and-run fatalities
JANESVILLE—The suspect in the hit-and-run fatal motorcycle accident April 20 was turned in by his father, according to a criminal complaint.
Sambath Pal, 24, is suspected of being the driver of an SUV that crossed the centerline and hit two motorcyclists at dusk on Easter Sunday.
Sheriff Robert Spoden described Pal's father as an immigrant to this country and "very decent."
"He kept telling us he thought he had to be a good citizen, and even though it was his son, he had to do the right thing," Spoden said.
It's a terrible position for a father to be in, Spoden noted.
"That's the sad thing about this, that these families are destroyed," Spoden said, referring both to the father and to the families of the victims.
Pal is charged in Rock County Court with two felony counts of hit and run resulting in death, each carrying a maximum prison sentence of 25 years and maximum fine of $100,000.
Mitchell J. Vance, 24, and Devin J. Julius, 18, both of Janesville, died from injuries suffered in the crash.
Pal is in the Lake County, Ill., jail pending extradition to Wisconsin. An extradition hearing is scheduled for Thursday.
Spoden said if Pal does not oppose extradition, he could be in Rock County custody within four or five days. If he fights extradition, it could take a maximum 90 days.
Spoden revealed Friday that Pal had been arrested, but he would not comment on the anonymous tipster who led investigators to Pal. Spoden said that's because the father didn't want his son to find out in the news media; he wanted to tell him himself.
Now that it's in a public document, Spoden did not object to revealing who gave the tip.
The criminal complaint filed in Rock County Court reveals that Pal's father, Saroeun Tigh of Park City, Ill., called the Rock County 911 center Thursday.
Tigh told investigators that his son, Pal, had driven his 2004 Intiniti QX56 to Janesville over the weekend, and that when he returned, it had front-end damage.
Park City police went to Tigh's home, found the vehicle and arrested Pal the same day.
Pal told his father "I hit something" but didn't know what it was and did not stop to check, the criminal complaint states.
Tigh said his wife received a call from relatives in Janesville, saying that a black SUV like the one Tigh owns was being sought.
"Tigh said he was concerned that Pal was the one who had the accident and wanted to know for sure if it was involved or not," the complaint states.
Tigh said Pal moved to Park City last November. Rock County investigators have found previous addresses for Pal in Janesville and Edgerton, Spoden said.
The complaint also states that Pal was in Janesville to visit his girlfriend.
The girlfriend's mother told investigators Pal visited over the Easter weekend. She said Pal gave his girlfriend a ride to work around 5 p.m., and left again around 7:20 p.m. to pick her up from work.
For some reason, the girlfriend had to work later than her scheduled 7:30 p.m., and Pal returned without her sometime around sunset, although the mother could not remember the time, the complaint states.
The sheriff's office has said they were called to the accident at 7:57 p.m. and that Pal was alone in the vehicle, as far as they know.
When Pal returned, he gave the mother a bottle of wine for having him over for dinner, the complaint states. The mother later picked up her daughter from work about 10 p.m.
Pal left for Park City the morning of Monday, April 21, the complaint states.


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- Persistent Asthma Facts about persistent asthma, including the criteria for diagnosis.
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Marshall apartments could see ownership change
JANESVILLE--The company that manages the Marshall School Apartments at 408 S. Main St. is asking the Janesville City Council to forgive several loans so the company can buy out its partner.
The council at Monday's meeting could forgive a $175,000 repayment to a TIF district and $225,000 repayment in housing funds.
Stone House Development, a Madison-based development company, and Housing Horizons renovated the former Marshall Middle School for about $5 million in the late 1990s. The deal included a 30-year lease with the Janesville Performing Arts Center, which operates in the former school auditorium.� Rent is $1 a year.
The entities also donated to the city the property between the school and Hedberg Public Library.
The agreement gave Housing Horizons the option to force Stone House to buy out Housing Horizons' interest, which it is now doing.
"When financing of the project was initially evaluated, it was believed that the loans would fill the project's funding gap, that sufficient cash flow would exist to service the debt and that the value of the property would grow to sufficient value to provide for the repayment of all city loans," said Jennifer Petruzzello, neighborhood and community services director.
The decline in the housing market was not anticipated, she added.
The state of Wisconsin Investment Board, which holds the property's primary mortgage, approved the buyout but is asking for personal guarantees from Stone House owners.
Three different loans in 1997 supported the redevelopment of the property, which includes 55 apartments.
TIF No. 17 was created and contributed a $175,000 loan.
Stone House guaranteed a minimum property value of $1.9 million and minimum annual property tax payments of $42,400.
Another $225,000 loan came from federal HOME money to create affordable housing.
Thirty-three Marshall School Apartments are for low-income residents and are occupied. The owner must maintain the affordable housing units for another 14 years.
Another $150,000 came from the Wisconsin Rental Rehabilitation Program.
Stone House is asking the city to forgive the TIF loan and the HOME loan. It also hopes to restructure the rental rehabilitation program loan.
The TIF district has been successful, Petruzzello said.
Even with the TIF loan forgiven, the TIF would have a positive balance of $30,000 in 2017, she said.
Petruzzello acknowledged the HOME money not paid back would have been available for other affordable-housing projects.
But Stone House would continue to maintain the 33 affordable housing units for another 14 years, she said.
If it does not get the help it needs, it could choose to put the property up for sale, she said.
"The historic renovation of this building for apartments contributed to the redevelopment of the east bank of the Rock River and has prevented the building from falling into disrepair," Petruzzello said.
�"Stone House has shared that they feel this has been a mutually beneficial relationship and that they are interested in protecting that for the future," Petruzzello said.
Members of the city's community development authority, which makes affordable-housing recommendations to the council, gave the plan a positive recommendation on a 6-1 vote.
Groups ask city for money for pavilion
JANESVILLE--Two private organizations that are putting a roof over the stage in Janesville's Lower Courthouse Park will ask the city council Monday to chip in $75,000 for the project.
The city money would come from the parkland acquisition fund.
Total cost of the project is estimated at $225,000.
The project, spearheaded by the South Central Wisconsin Builders Association and Forward Janesville, will be completed using a combination of donated money, materials and labor.
The builders association unveiled plans in 2007 for a similar project that included landscaping and electrical work. Plans stalled during the recession.
Now, the family of Marvin W. Roth, a deceased city booster, is donating $50,000 to the project. The pavilion will be named after Roth.
Another $50,000 comes from an anonymous donor.
Construction is scheduled for late summer.
The concrete stage was built in 1982. The city has maintained the park since 1863.
The stage is used mostly for summer musical performances.


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X Factor brings back ex musicians
The X Factor is set to feature two former music stars who are looking for a last ditch attempt at fame.
ITV's singing contest will include singer-songwriter Jay James, who some viewers might recognise as Jay James Picton from his first shot at the big time.
According to The Sun, Jay was signed to Universal Records in 2012 and touted as the "new Adele", but when his album Play It By Heart failed to make a splash he was dropped.
Jay reduces the judges to tears in the first episode of the new series, which also stars trombone player Ashley Slater, the singer from Freak Power's 1995 hit Turn On, Tune In, Cop Out.
Ashley recorded the 90s song with Fatboy Slim, which featured in a Levi's advert and reached number three in the charts. He auditions for The X Factor alongside his much younger girlfriend in a group called Kitten & The Hip.
But the first episode of The X Factor's return is heavily weighted towards one of the judges over any would-be pop stars - Cheryl Fernandez-Versini is said to appear in several tribute montages and sees plenty of contestants performing her songs, dressing like her and bringing her gifts.
At one point, when a male singer tells Cheryl how much he likes her, a fed-up Mel B shouts: "What am I, f***ing chopped liver?" She later joked: "I hate sitting next to this one."
When another contestant brought in a rose for Cheryl, Mel snapped: "Where's mine?"
Cheryl said of the auditions: "There was a lot of love for me. The contestants are very kind to me."
Asked why there was less screen time for Mel, head judge Simon Cowell said: "Maybe we'll do that in episodes three and four."


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Making a healthy choice
LAKE GENEVA — Come for the connection and education, stay for the information and inspiration at the Women's Resource Fair on March 14-15 in Lake Geneva.
Celebrating its 10th year, the fair will feature more than 60 exhibiting practitioners, organizations and businesses with more than 20 educational lectures in the areas of alternative health and wellness, holistic products, organic foods and nutrition, green home and healthy life, bodywork, movement, education and empowerment.
Special Guest Speaker:
Secretary of the Wisconsin Department of Tourism Stephanie Klett will kick off the Spa Night and Organic Wine Tasting at 5 p.m. Friday. Klett is an Emmy-winning host of "Discover Wisconsin," Miss Wisconsin 1992 and the 2013 honorary chair of AIDS Walk Wisconsin.
Spa Night,� Organic Wine Tasting:
Visit the Women's Resource Fair from 5 -7 p.m. on Friday, March 14 and get pampered. Visit a variety of booths offering spa services, chair massage and sample skin care products all while enjoying a sample of organic wine. The Spa Night is presented by Jasmine Salon & Spa. A $5 donation is suggested to benefit the Walworth County Alliance for Children.
Purse Swap:�
Re-use, re-purpose and upcycling are� words that can be used to describe the fair's Purse Swap. Bring a gently used purse and swap it with someone else at noon on Saturday. Registration is required at www.womensresourcefair.org. A $5 donation is suggested to benefit the Open Arms Free Clinic of Walworth County.
Pinterest Party
Inspired by Pinterest, attendees can participate in two hands-on workshops to make either a gratitude box or a terrarium on Saturday. More versatile than a journal, a gratitude box can remind one of the things that stir feelings of gratitude. This workshop is at 10:30 a.m. The other workshop is making a unique terrarium in a wine glass. This workshop is at 1:15 p.m. Register at womensresourcefair.org.
Tickets for the event are $10, which includes two-day access to all booths and educational lectures.
For a complete listing of participating groups and the speaker schedule, visit WomensResourceFair.org or call (262) 215-0991 for more information.


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Gigi Allens and Preston Parker
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Gigi Allens in Dirty Wives Club
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Gigi Allens in Tonight's Girlfriend
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Jackson Park
6401 S. Stony Island Ave. Chicago, Illinois 60637
Fee: Free
Age Range: Any
Think Like a ManBased on Steve Harvey's best-selling book, Think Like a Man follows four interconnected and diverse men whose love lives are shaken up after the ladies they are pursuing buy Harvey's book and start taking his advice to heart. When the band of brothers realize they have been betrayed by one of their own, they conspire to use the book's insider information to turn the table and teach the women a lesson of their own.
Rated PG-13 | 122 minutes | 2012* Closed Captioned
Presented by Charter One, with additional support from RCN.
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IPad 3 called 'unbalanced' as Apple, TSMC rumors fly
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SAN JOSE, Calif. The Apple iPad 3 is an unbalanced design with an underpowered graphics processor for its high-end display, according to an analysis released Wednesday (Jan. 2) by technology watcher David Kanter. Apples quick move to the iPad 4 with a graphics chip bolstered in part by Samsungs new 32-nm process technology showed that Apple recognized the fault, he said.
The analysis emerges as reports circulate again that Apple is preparing to shift at least some of the manufacturing of its A series processors from Samsung to Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. TSMC will start trial production this quarter of the A6X processor used in the iPad 4, according to several reports citing Taiwan newspapers.
Rumors have circulated since March 2011 that Apple will switch from Samsung to TSMC for foundry work. Apple and Samsung are locked in legal battles around the world over patent infringement including one resolved last year in a San Jose trial.
As foundries, Samsung and TSMC both could offer Apple the latest 28 nm processes to bolster performance and lower power for the A series chips. One analyst speculated that Apple may have a long term supply contract for foundry services at Samsung, explaining its slow shift away from its smartphone and tablet competitor. Through much of 2012, TSMC had limited availability of its 28-nm process.
Access to the latest process technology is key for Apple, said Kanter, principal of Real World Technologies. The high cost and power consumption of the A5X was undoubtedly one of the reasons why Apple opted to discontinue the iPad 3 a mere seven months" after it was launched, he said.
Apple moved quickly to adopt the so-called Retina display from Samsung in the iPad 3 released in March. However, the graphics processor in the A5X chip Apple used--made in a 45-nm Samsung process using conventional SiON gate dielectrics--could not adequately feed the new 2048×1536 display, Kanter said.


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Cara and Kate snuggle for campaign
Cara Delevingne and Kate Moss have become bosom buddies - for a new Burberry campaign.
The two supermodels bare almost all for the luxury British brand, to promote the fragrance My Burberry. It is the first time they have shot an ad together.
"Kate has such a presence and she has a great sense of humour and style," Cara said.
The 22-year-old model continued: "We had met a few times before we worked on the My Burberry shoot together so I knew we would have fun together and that the pictures would be great. I've always admired Kate."
The images, shot by renowned photographer Mario Testino, feature the catwalk stars wearing their Burberry Heritage trench coats, and not much else.
The accompanying video, with Jeff Beck and Joss Stone's I Put A Spell On You as the backing soundtrack, sees the pair spraying each other with perfume, before cuddling up under a coat.
The campaign, which allows customers to personalise their My Burberry bottle, was created by the label's boss, Christopher Bailey.
"My Burberry is the true embodiment of our brand, in scent, in design and in attitude. A fragrance that takes its lead from the iconic Burberry trench has to be outstanding in every way," he said.


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Your Views: Movie 'Son of God' stirs thought about term
The "Son of God" movie is generating considerable interest and raises important questions, including "What is meant by the word 'son'?"
Jesus himself said God is spirit and so the phrase "Son of God" cannot be understood biologically. In biblical times and sometimes today, the word "son" is used as a metaphor. Jesus said of the Pharisees that any convert of theirs was a "son of hell" (Matthew 23:15). Two of his apostles were called "sons of thunder" (Mark 3:17). Later, we learn that Joseph of Cyprus was renamed "Barnabas, which means son of encouragement" (Acts 4:36).
So, in the cultural context of the day, "son of … whatever" captured the essential identity of the person involved.
Accordingly, "Son of God," in reference to Jesus meant he was identifying himself as God. As the movie brings out, when Jesus was on trial before the Jewish high priest, he was asked directly if he was the Son of God. Jesus' affirmative answer made him guilty of blasphemy, a capital offense based on their law in Leviticus 24:16. It was then, through political manipulation, that Jesus ends up being "officially" sentenced by the Roman governor, Pilate.
In the course of history, many people have been crucified, but because Jesus was who he claimed to be, the Son of God, his death has unique and timeless meaning. As confirmed by his resurrection, Jesus' death serves as a substitute for all those who personally respond to him with trustful submission.


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Chlor-Phenit (chlorpheniramine) Disease Interactions
There are 4 disease interactions with Chlor-Phenit (chlorpheniramine):
Antihistamines (Includes Chlor-Phenit) ↔ Anticholinergic Effects
Severe Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility
Applies to: Gastrointestinal Obstruction, Urinary Retention, Glaucoma/Intraocular Hypertension
Antihistamines often have anticholinergic activity, to which elderly patients are particularly sensitive. Therapy with antihistamines should be administered cautiously, if at all, in patients with preexisting conditions that are likely to be exacerbated by anticholinergic activity, such as urinary retention or obstruction; angle-closure glaucoma, untreated intraocular hypertension, or uncontrolled primary open-angle glaucoma; and gastrointestinal obstructive disorders. Conventional, first-generation antihistamines such as the ethanolamines (bromodiphenhydramine, carbinoxamine, clemastine, dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, doxylamine, phenyltoloxamine) tend to exhibit substantial anticholinergic effects. In contrast, the newer, relatively nonsedating antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, fexofenadine, loratadine) reportedly have low to minimal anticholinergic activity at normally recommended dosages and may be appropriate alternatives.
- "Product Information. Optimine (azatadine)." Schering Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ.
- "Product Information. Periactin (cyproheptadine)." Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
- "Product Information. Tavist (clemastine)." Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ.
Antihistamines (Includes Chlor-Phenit) ↔ Asthma/Copd
Moderate Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility
Applies to: Asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
It has been suggested that the anticholinergic effect of antihistamines may reduce the volume and cause thickening of bronchial secretions, resulting in obstruction of respiratory tract. Some manufacturers and clinicians recommend that therapy with antihistamines be administered cautiously in patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
- "Product Information. Temaril (trimeprazine)" Allergan Inc, Irvine, CA.
- "Product Information. Tavist (clemastine)." Sandoz Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ.
- "Product Information. Periactin (cyproheptadine)." Merck & Co, Inc, West Point, PA.
Antihistamines (Includes Chlor-Phenit) ↔ Cardiovascular
Moderate Potential Hazard, Moderate plausibility
Applies to: Cardiovascular Disease, Hyperthyroidism, Hypotension
Antihistamines may infrequently cause cardiovascular adverse effects related to their anticholinergic and local anesthetic (quinidine-like) activities. Tachycardia, palpitation, ECG changes, arrhythmias, hypotension, and hypertension have been reported. Although these effects are uncommon and usually limited to overdosage situations, the manufacturers and some clinicians recommend that therapy with antihistamines be administered cautiously in patients with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and/or hyperthyroidism.
- "Product Information. Dimetane (brompheniramine)." Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, Philadelphia, PA.
- "Product Information. Chlortrimeton (chlorpheniramine)." Schering-Plough, Liberty Corner, NJ.
- "Product Information. Optimine (azatadine)." Schering Laboratories, Kenilworth, NJ.
Antihistamines (Includes Chlor-Phenit) ↔ Renal/Liver Disease
Moderate Potential Hazard, High plausibility
Applies to: Liver Disease, Renal Dysfunction
Limited pharmacokinetic data are available for the older, first-generation antihistamines. Many appear to be primarily metabolized by the liver, and both parent drugs and metabolites are excreted in the urine. Patients with renal and/or liver disease may be at greater risk for adverse effects from antihistamines due to drug and metabolite accumulation. Therapy with antihistamines should be administered cautiously in such patients. Lower initial dosages may be appropriate.
- Paton DM, Webster DR "Clinical pharmacokinetics of H1-receptor antagonists (the antihistamines)." Clin Pharmacokinet 10 (1985): 477-97
- Rumore MM "Clinical pharmacokinetics of chlorpheniramine." Drug Intell Clin Pharm 18 (1984): 701-7
- Simons FE, Frith EM, Simons KJ "The pharmacokinetics and antihistaminic effects of brompheniramine." J Allergy Clin Immunol 70 (1982): 458-64
Chlor-Phenit (chlorpheniramine) drug Interactions
There are 678 drug interactions with Chlor-Phenit (chlorpheniramine)
Chlor-Phenit (chlorpheniramine) alcohol/food Interactions
There is 1 alcohol/food interaction with Chlor-Phenit (chlorpheniramine)
Drug Interaction Classification
|Highly clinically significant. Avoid combinations; the risk of the interaction outweighs the benefit.
|Moderately clinically significant. Usually avoid combinations; use it only under special circumstances.
|Minimally clinically significant. Minimize risk; assess risk and consider an alternative drug, take steps to circumvent the interaction risk and/or institute a monitoring plan.
|No information available.
Do not stop taking any medications without consulting your healthcare provider.
Disclaimer: Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Multum is accurate, up-to-date and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. In addition, the drug information contained herein may be time sensitive and should not be utilized as a reference resource beyond the date hereof. This material does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients, or recommend therapy. Multum's information is a reference resource designed as supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge, and judgement of healthcare practitioners in patient care. The absence of a warning for a given drug or combination thereof in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or combination is safe, effective, or appropriate for any given patient. Multum Information Services, Inc. does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. Copyright 2000-2017 Multum Information Services, Inc. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist.


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Looking down the grocery store aisles, you'll see cartons of milk, bottles of juice, and many other products packaged with attractive labels. But, how do you know if you are selecting a healthy drink for your kids? Here are some tips for your next trip to the grocery store.
Milk is a great source of calcium for your kids. The United States Department of Agriculture offers these recommendations of how much milk to drink:
- 2-3 years old: 2 cups (Note: 1 cup = 8 ounces or 236 milliliters)
- 4-8 years old: 2-½ cups
- 9 years old and up: 3 cups
Have your child drink fat-free, unflavored milk after age 2. If your child is used to drinking whole milk, slowly transition to low-fat milk. Unflavored milk is also a great choice because it does not have any sugar added.
Milk is a great way to help your child get calcium. One cup of milk contains about 300 milligrams (mg) of calcium. If your child is lactose intolerant or if you prefer to give your child soy or rice milk, check the label to ensure it has the nutrients your child needs. These beverages do not naturally contain calcium or other nutrients in dairy milk, but some varieties are fortified. Also, work with your child's doctor to come up with a diet that meets your child's calcium needs.
Note: Babies under 1 year of age should only drink breast milk or iron-fortified formula.
Fruit Juice
If your child is longing for something sweet to drink, 100% fruit juices are a healthier alternative than sodas, fruit drinks, or sweet, fruity caffeinated teas. However, pediatricians warn against allowing your child to overindulge in fruit juices, as their high natural sugar content contribute to conditions like obesity and tooth decay.
According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), children 1-3 years old should limit their fruit juice intake to 4 ounces (118 milliliters) per day. Children 4-6 should limit their fruit juice intake to 4-6 ounces (118-177 milliliters) per day. For children aged 7-18, juice intake should be 8 ounces (236 milliliters) per day. Juice should also not be introduced to an infant's diet before 12 months of age. The AAP also suggests you encourage your child to choose whole fruit over fruit juices to meet their recommended daily fruit intake.
Water is always a healthy choice. In fact, the US Department of Agriculture's Choose My Plate initiative encourages everyone to drink more water and leave the sugary drinks behind.
If your child is active, more water will be needed. Fortunately, water contains no fat, no sugar, no caffeine, and no calories. How much water each child needs varies greatly due to activity level and climate. Adequate water consumption does affect our bodies, right down to the cellular level. If your child is not fond of water, try mixing water and fruit juice to add some flavor. Also, many healthy food choices are good sources of water such as fresh fruits and vegetables.
What Can You Do?
Obviously, it will be easier to monitor your young child's beverage options. But your child may be more likely to continue healthy beverage habits into adulthood if they are learned early at home. One of the most effective ways of teaching healthy choices is by being a role model. Try opting for low-fat milk or water over coffee, sodas, or other beverages.
- Reviewer: Michael Woods, MD
- Review Date: 03/2016 -
- Update Date: 03/02/2016 -


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Best New Midwest Spots to Play, Eat & Stay: 2010
Des Moines: John and Mary Pappajohn Sculpture Park
A $40 million donation of 25 sculptures instantly transformed a downtown Des Moines greenspace. Free (515/277-4405).
Click through the next slides to see 14 more of our 2010 picks for the Midwest's best new attractions -- plus 15 top new restaurants and 15 standout lodgings.
Great Bend, Kansas: Kansas Wetlands Education Center
Hundreds of thousands of birds (and thousands of birders) migrate through Cheyenne Bottoms and Quivira National Wildlife Refuge every year. The impressive new visitors center explores the wetlands' ecology and history. Free (877/243-9268).
Omaha: Skyfari
Look down on the giraffes from a new aerial ride at Omaha's Henry Doorly Zoo. Tram cars glide right over several animal enclosures. $2, with zoo admission (402/733-8400).
Chicago: Fork and the Road
Bike tour of Chicago? Fun. Bike tour of Chicago with hole-in-the-wall food along the way? Now we're talking. $50, includes food. Space limited (773/610-2432).
Kansas City, Missouri: America's Favorite Doll exhibit
Step aside, boys. Pink is back. Celebrating 50 Fabulous Years with America's Favorite Doll, an exhibit devoted to the history and culture of Barbie, runs through 2010 at the Toy and Miniature Museum in Kansas City. Admission charged (816/333-9328).
Medora, North Dakota: Maah Daah Hey Trail
The second leg of North Dakota's premier bike trail opens in 2010, extending 30 miles south from Sully's Creek State Park. Free.
Minneapolis: Target Field
When the Minnesota Twins open the baseball season at their new stadium in April 2010, they'll say goodbye forever to the Metrodome. Altogether now: Hallelujah! Admission charged (612/375-1366).
Naperville, Illinois: Timeless Spa and Salt Cave
For centuries, people have touted the healing properties of Himalayan salt. Try it for yourself in a luxurious (and sort of trippy) salt cave in a Naperville strip mall, near Chicago. Cave treatments from $20 (630/428-0700).
Indianapolis: Indiana History Center
The Indiana Historical Society's Eugene and Marilyn Glick Indiana History Center reopens March 20, 2010. Massive new exhibits on the Indiana Experience will share state history through technology and costumed interpreters. Admission charged (800/447-1830).
French Lick, Indiana: Pete Dye Course
The designer's newest destination golf course at French Lick Resort will host the 2010 PGA Professional National Championship. Memo to the pros: Good luck making par when 40-mile vistas of rolling Indiana countryside beg for attention. Golf packages available (888/936-9360).
Fort Pierre, South Dakota: Casey Tibbs Rodeo Center
Joe DiMaggio. Joe Montana. Casey Tibbs? He's not a household name, but Tibbs, who died in 1990, is a rodeo legend. So is trick rider Mattie Goff-Newcombe, captured in bronze on one center display. This fun new rodeo museum in Fort Pierre features memorabilia and gripping video footage. Admission charged (605/494-1094).
Chicago: The Ledge at Skydeck
Look up: Sky. Look out: Skyscrapers. Look down: Yikes. Four glass boxes project from the 103rd floor of Willis Tower (formerly Sears Tower), giving brave visitors the illusion of walking on air. Admission charged (312/875-9447).
St. Louis: Citygarden
Art mixes with play at St. Louis' new downtown sculpture garden, where kids and adults clamber on sculptures, jump through fountains or just chill out. Free (314/241-3337).
Royal, Nebraska: Ashfall Fossil Beds State Historical Park
Millions of years ago, ash from an Idaho volcano buried animals as far away as modern-day Royal. Today, visitors can tour an ongoing paleontological dig at the new Hubbard Rhino Barn. Admission charged (402/893-2000).
Canton, Ohio: Super Bowl Gallery
For fans who needed one more reason to plan a pilgrimage to Canton: The new Lamar Hunt Super Bowl Gallery at the Pro Football Hall of Fame puts visitors eye to eye with the Vince Lombardi Trophy. Admission charged (330/456-8207).
Restaurants: Chicago's Terzo Piano
Immaculate white decor puts Chef Tony Mantuano's sandwiches, salads and pastas front and center at the Art Institute of Chicago's new restaurant (312/443-8650).
Click through the next slides to see 14 more of our picks for the Midwest's best new restaurants. Click on the link below if you want to jump ahead to our top picks for lodgings.
Milwaukee: Cheese Bar at the Wisconsin Cheese Mart
Trust Milwaukee to produce a wine-and-cheese bar that sells more craft beer than wine. Buy cheeses at the adjoining store, an institution since 1938 (414/272-3544).
Balltown, Iowa: Breitbach's Country Dining
When Iowa's oldest restaurant burned down in 2007, Balltown rallied to reopen it. And when fire hit again four months later, the community stood up a second time. Breitbach's is back (again), and the raspberry pie is as sweet as ever (563/552-2220).
Fish Creek, Wisconsin: The Cookery
This Fish Creek standby has reopened following a 2008 fire. Old-timers who come back for the whitefish chowder will love the new deck--and the extra tables (920/868-3634).
Chicago: Xoco
Chicago celeb-chef Rick Bayless brings his Mexican genius to the masses with an affordable counter-service restaurant. None of the intriguing sandwiches (suckling pig!) disappoint, and the hot chocolate is divine (312/334-3688).
Carroll, Iowa: Santa Maria Vineyard and Winery
It takes imagination to turn an auto showroom into a restaurant and wine bar, and it takes daring to do it in rural Iowa. Santa Maria pulls off both (712/775-2013).
Detroit: Good Girls Go to Paris Crepes
Good news for Detroiters who happily waited in long lines last year for takeout from this new, seasonally open, downtown creperie: A year-round, sit-down version has opened near the art museum. Tres bon! (877/727-4727)
Prescott, Wisconsin: Boxcar
Who says everything flows down the Mississippi? Great Southern cooking (including pulled pork) has migrated upriver to this new spot on the Great River Road in Prescott (715/262-2026).
Minneapolis: Sea Change
Sustainably harvested seafood stars at this new restaurant in Minneapolis' Guthrie Theater. Deserving applause: Chef Tim McKee's prosciutto-crusted sturgeon (612/225-6499).
Delavan, Wisconsin: Frontier Restaurant
The reincarnation of Lake Lawn Resort in Delavan includes Frontier Restaurant, where the grilled colossal shrimp deliciously classifies as a vacation-worthy splurge (800/338-5353).
Missouri: Branson Ridge Winery's Cafe DiVine and Kansas City's Extra Virgin
Cafe DiVine: Sunset reflects on Lake Taneycomo. Fountains splash. You nibble cheese and share a surprisingly good Cabernet. Yes, it's Branson, Missouri, but trust us: You'll feel cool here (417/335-9700). (EDITOR'S NOTE: This business has since closed.)
Extra Virgin: Kansas City chef Michael Smith has opened a tapas restaurant with a menu that begs for sharing -- braised pork cheeks, orange and olive salad, cheese-stuffed focaccia (816/842-2205).
Pictured: Cafe DiVine.
Columbus, Indiana: Zaharakos
This newly restored 1900 soda shop befits architecturally blessed Columbus. The homemade ice cream is good, but the setting--polished wood, pipe organ--is truly special (812/378-1900).
Traverse City, Michigan: Slabtown Cafe and Burgers
Only in Traverse City (aka Adorable Restaurant Central) could a burger joint feel so special. "Slab Grab Bags" (sandwich, fries and drink) start at $5.30, but the atmosphere, in a cute yellow house, is anything but drive-through.
Lodgings: Saint Paul's Hotel 340
This downtown Saint Paul spot is the former home of the 1917 Saint Paul Athletic Club. Newly updated, it's a modern, affordable--yet charmingly traditional--alternative to the venerable Saint Paul Hotel. From $129 (651/280-4120).
Click through the next slides to see 14 more of our picks for the Midwest's best new lodgings.
Traverse City, Michigan: Cambria
No worries if you arrive late for your Traverse City lake vacation: The delicious restaurant stays open 'til 11 at this new, conveniently located hotel west of downtown. From $99 (231/778-9000).
Detroit: Greektown Casino-Hotel
Want to gamble? Cross the skywalk and hit the tables. But if that's not your thing, you'll love that this plush and affordable Detroit hotel puts you blocks from downtown attractions. From $189 (877/424-5554).
Missouri: Moonrise Hotel in St. Louis, Castle Rock Resort and Waterpark in Branson, Raphael in Kansas City
Moonrise Hotel: Yes, that's a big, cratered moon spinning atop St. Louis' newest boutique hotel, located in the Delmar Loop. And you'll find more lunar art in the spacious rooms and lobby -- a perfect balance of kitsch and comfort. From $139 (314/721-1111).
Raphael: A $20 million renovation has turned this Spanish Renaissance Revival-style property into a warm and inviting space to snuggle, right near Country Club Plaza. From $159 (800/821-5343).
Castle Rock Resort and Waterpark: Branson welcomes its third (and largest) indoor water park at this newly expanded hotel just off the Strip. From $99 (888/273-3919).
Pictured: Moonrise Hotel in St. Louis.
Castle Rock Resort and Waterpark
Walker, Minnesota: Chase on the Lake
Glowing woodwork, fireplaces, stained-glass lamps and lovely views of Leech Lake make this smashingly renovated resort in woodsy Walker a must-see. From $99 (888/242-7306).
Omaha: Element Midtown Crossing
A chain hotel, yes, but this extended-stay Westin property (due to open in 2010) will stand out in Omaha for its sleek decor and LEED-certified design. Rates TBD (877/353-6368).
Arnolds Park, Iowa: Bridges Bay Resort
Your GPS will say Arnolds Park (better known as Lake Okoboji), but you'll feel like you've slipped away to Key West at this indoor water park resort. From $149 (877/752-9607).
Chicago: Hotel Felix, JW Marriott Chicago, River Hotel, The Wit
Hotel Felix: This LEED-certified hotel is as stylish as it is green. One cool feature: Heat and motion sensors detect when a guest is in the room and automatically adjust the lights and thermostat to minimize energy waste. From $99 (877/848-4040).
JW Marriott Chicago: Want to see what $396 million buys? Then plan to check out the renovated Continental and Commercial National Bank building when it opens its first 12 floors as a hotel in June. From $249 (312/660-8200).
River Hotel: Rather than uber-chic, this attractive hotel on the Chicago River opts for three other Cs: comfortable, classy and convenient. And the price is pretty reasonable when you're talking about downtown Chicago. From $99 (888/977-4837).
The Wit: A lime-green streak curves up the front of this hip, bustling hotel in the heart of Chicago's theater district. (Appropriately, amenities include a screening room for special group events.) From $249 (312/467-0200).
Pictured: Hotel Felix.
Milwaukee: Iron Horse Hotel
Bikers will love the amenities at Milwaukee's motorcycle-friendly hotel -- bag lunches for saddlebags, a bike wash -- but even if you've never ridden a Hog, this sexy boutique hotel is a great reason to visit the home of Harley-Davidson. From $149 (888/543-4766).
Medora, North Dakota: Rough Riders Hotel
This much-awaited renovation transforms the lodging scene in Medora with attractive, affordable rooms available year-round -- and a great restaurant to match. Try to snag Room 501, with seven windows overlooking the badlands. From $89 (800/633-6721).
(A version of this story appeared in Midwest Living® January/February 2010.)


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ENDURACover T-Top Covers - 25 ft. (For Bay Style V-hulls with Center Console)
The iBoats Experience
Boats for SaleBrowse thousands of constantly-updated listings and search by location, brand, and boat type See more...
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Shop ProductsBrowse and search for hundreds of thousands of boat parts, accessories, and supplies to suit your every need.
Features Include:
- Dual-Zippered Entry on both port and starboard side for easy access to and from the boat.
- Double-Reinforced Bow Area for bow pulpit and anchor roller.
- Fit-Specific to accommodate VHF antennas, outrigger mounts, GPS and rod holders.
- Hook & Loop Sleeve for VHF antennas.
- Fit is designed for single engines with bow rails up to 24" For dual engines, simply order next larger size.
- Extra material added to fit over single or dual engines
T-Top Covers also include:
- Heavy-Duty Boat Cover Tie Down Kit
- Rope Ratchet
- Fabric Reinforcement Kit
- Two Support Poles
- Easy Installation Instructions
Weight: 8 oz. per square yard natural plied Polyester.
Fabric: 100% Marine-grade Polyester.
Warranty: 5-year Limited warranty.
Features: Strong, lightweight and fade resistant. Great protection against UV damage, incredibly water repellent and mildew resistant.
Please be careful when ordering this product, it has limitations that differ from our General 30-day Return Policy. After all, we want you to be satisfied with your order so you'll return again and again as an iboats.com customer, and to also recommend us to your boating friends
- Semi-Custom Boat Covers
Semi-custom covers are "made-to-order" and are thus specific to your order. However, we understand that sometimes a product you purchase just doesn't work out, which is why we want to make the return process as easy as possible for you. After all, we want you to be satisfied with your order so you'll return again and again as an iboats.com customer, and to also recommend us to your boating friends.
A made-to-order semi-custom cover may be returned within the first 30 days after shipment, but is subject to a 15-25% restocking fee. Odd-Lots, Liquidations, In-Stock Specials, Closeouts and customer requested alterations are non-returnable unless an error was made by iboats.com or by the boat cover manufacturer.
Merchandise must be in new, unused condition with all original packaging in good condition; plus parts, accessories, manuals, and/or warranty cards included. You will need to receive a return authorization number (RA #) as well as instructions from our Customer Service Department.
Please note that each boat cover manufacturer may have additional requirements concerning product returns or warranty claims, including but not limited to: restocking fees, shipping fees, or product order change fees.
Because boat covers are "made-to-order", there will be a $25-$50 fee for any boat cover order cancellation after 1 business day of purchase, as the cover has already gone into production.Warranty Policy
30 days after the purchase date, the manufacturer of the product(s) will need to be contacted for a warranty claim.Returns for Canadian Customers
Canadian customers, please be careful when placing your order; iboats.com does not accept any return merchandise on Canadian orders unless the merchandise you received was defective, damaged, or an error was made by iboats.com. In such cases, please contact iboats.com Customer Service within 30 days of the original shipping date for a return authorization number. Returned items that do not have a RA # will not be accepted.


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Cari K. Dawson
With its recent ruling in Duran v. U.S. Bank Nat. Assn., the California Supreme Court has brought some much-needed clarity to in-house counsel grappling with class action lawsuits, according to Alston & Bird Partners Cari K. Dawson and Lisa H. Cassilly
In interviews with WIPL, they point to the similarities between that case and the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. v. Dukes. Both decisions turn on the rights of defendants to present affirmative defenses and the limitations of trials using flawed statistical sampling models.
"This is very positive for companies, following the decision in the Wal-Mart case," Dawson said. "California is a hot bed of class action litigation. Even if your company is located clear across the country, if you have customers in California, you may find yourself in California defending against class-action lawsuits."
The ruling also goes beyond wage and hour misclassification lawsuits, she said. "The legal principles, holdings and findings have far-reaching implications for any type of class action."
NEXT: 3.5 key takeaways for in-house counsel
Dawson pointed to "3.5 takeaways" from the Duran decision that in-house counsel should be aware of:
1. The Duran ruling demonstrates that in California courts, there will be enhanced scrutiny of statistical sampling in determining classes, which is a positive development for defendants.
2. For in-house counsel, there should be an increased emphasis on the manageability of individual issues in trial plans. "I personally think it's critically important that plaintiffs be required to file a trial plan, and corporate defendants be able to respond to it," Dawson said.
3. Following the ruling, corporate defendants should have a heightened focus on the principles of due process.
3.5: Trial judges are often encouraged to demonstrate innovations and creativity to manage big class actions. The Duran case demonstrates that judges can't be creative and innovative in such a way that they do not protect and respect substantive rights of both parties.
"All three-and-a-half principles are explored and explained and analyzed quite beautifully in this decision, and they are important takeaways beyond wage and hour matters into any class action case," she said.
NEXT: The future of wage and hour class claims
Going forward, Dawson suggested that in-house counsel should understand the importance of developing an affirmative story and to focus on the facts as much as the law. "Sometimes, legal counsel get so focused on the legal arguments that they forget about factual arguments. U.S. Bank did an excellent job of developing its factual record," she said.
Considering the role that statistical sampling played in the case, Dawson also suggested that in-house counsel develop relationships with experts before they need them, like the plaintiffs' bar often does. "You need people in your stable that you can tap into," she said.
According to Cassilly, the ruling offers a "play list" to announce new standards and approaches for taking on potential and certified class-action cases.
"It's an important decision to level the playing field a bit, to defend against certification premised upon vague standards which had been prevalent in California," she said.
"Duran won't be the death knell for wage and hour class action cases," she warned. "I don't want to declare 'Ding dong, the witch is dead.' We are not going to see an immediate decline in number of wage and hour class claims which are filed. In fact, the plaintiffs' bar may be declaring this a bit of a victory, since Duran declared that statistical sampling is appropriate in some cases. But it is much improved terrain for employers."


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Williams Bay High School literary magazine wins award
WILLIAMS BAY--The Williams Bay High School Creative Writing Club's literary magazine, Agony, is getting attention across the country after being recognized for its creative content, layout and design.
JS Printing, a company that prints student publications, chose Agony as a Deserving Design winner in November. Excerpts of the magazine are featured in the annual JS Printing's Bright Ideas-Highlights issue.
"Out of hundreds of publications they chose ours," said Lynette Schultz, Williams Bay High School English teacher and creative writing club advisor. "It was a big surprise for us … It's a nice pat on the back."
Historically, the high school has used a black and white newspaper or newsletter format to display students' creative works. But a team of students and Schultz wanted to spark more interest and display students' work in a more eye-popping manner.
The team of four students and Schultz worked on the 70-page, full-color magazine last spring semester. They squeezed in work from 25 student writers and artists.
Williams Bay High School is the only high school in Wisconsin to be chosen as a design winner, Schultz said. �
Students who helped design and put together Agony include: Jessica Gagliardo, senior; Ian Spolarich, senior; KC Dawis, junior; Lucy Sponholz, junior.


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Town of Delavan man ID'd as crash victim
TOWN OF DELAVAN—A town of Delavan resident is the man killed in a snowmobile accident over the weekend.
Victor Haman, 51, died as a result of the accident either Saturday night or Sunday morning on the south side of the Delavan Lake Inlet, according to Town of Delavan Police Chief Phillip Smith.
The cause of death remains under investigation, but initial observations indicate the snowmobile was traveling at high speed when it flew through the air and crashed into a bed of cattails.
Haman was thrown from the vehicle.
A Department of Natural Resources' online list shows 15 snowmobile fatalities this winter, before this latest incident. All the fatalities involved collision with a fixed object, and most involved speed. Three occurred on lakes.
Last updated: 3:10 pm Monday, February 24, 2014


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Do We Have The Freedom Of Choice?
Discussion of all aspects of cellular structure, physiology and communication.
Moderator: BioTeam
Do We Have The Freedom Of Choice?
Since the body is made up of living and dead cells, including thoughts, would that make the "human being" technically predecided, and we would all be masses of cells interacting with the world in the shape of a human? I don't know if anyone's asked this before, though it may be likely. I've given this a great deal of thought, and it seems to me that if we understood the cells in everything for more than 10 seconds, then we'd know what's going to happen forever? Sort of like telling the future. I'd like to know if this would be possible, and what your opinions are on this?
No sources, mostly just a fact collector.
-14 year old kid
As far as I can tell, there is nothing that suggests we have a free will. Our neurons react to stimuli from outside and inside our bodies and react according to them, not asking our opinions. However, in a way the answer to this question is not important, since we are so immersed to the experience of free will that we might as well think we have it and keep going. You have seen the movie the Matrix? Great, you should get my point!
Brain imaging analyses have repeatedly shown that when a human makes a decision (e.g. they have to choose to press a red or blue button), the computer analyzing the images can tell which decision the person is going to make long before the person themselves is aware that they have made a decision. So the feeling of a free-willed decision comes after the brain has already decided. Naturally, due to the enormous complexity of the brain, these predictions apply mostly to straightforward decisions in simple experimental conditions, but there is no reason to doubt that the same decision-making mechanisms in the brain work in other scenarios as well. A computer might not be able to tell what I am going to write next: querterly gnorry blort!!? but those letters were probably destined to be typed who knows how long ago. They were simply a response of my neurons to the electrophysical stimulus of my eyes seeing the text you wrote.
This being said, I think we would need some Nobel prize-winning quantum physicist to tell us whether anything in the world is truly random.
In theory, if we were able to calculate the movement of each electron and photon and quark in the universe we could not only predict the future but also deduct what happened in the past. In reality, though, there cannot be anything like that due to the overwhelming barriers of practical physics that prevent us from making such observations and calculations.
This is an interesting topic nonetheless. I am certain that there are many, many people who strongly disagree with me and loathe the idea of not having a free will, since it is regarded as one of the defining aspects of being a human.
For those people, I would ask the following: If you are in a room that has two one-way exits and you leave the room via one of them, can you ever be sure that you could have also taken the other exit? And if so, is there any way for you or anyone to prove that you genuinely had the chance to take the other exit as well? My personal guess is that you were always going to take that one exit you did :)
I read a book a year or two back; it had sort of the same ideas. Pendragon~ In one of the worlds, there was a supercomputer that could tell what is about to happen, and what has happened- since the beginning of time. I thought of that when I read your fourth wall of text.. That means if we could find a way to tell what every particle(of any size) is doing, we could tell the future, the past, and anything in between- ahead of time? Wow. That's a bit hard to swallow. I wish I hadn't known this, because now I'm feeling very ambitious. Lol Then again- if the universe is truly infinite, then there would be no way to do this. Maybe we could learn from a certain amount of space, but then eventually we would have to make the computer count more "stuff", more of the universe.
I don't think too many people would disagree with you if they understood the topic; I barely understand what I'm saying and I agree with you. I guess that means that we need to redefine "free will"- maybe "The ability to make decisions without major amounts of outside conflict".
Yeah, that is why I said we'd need a quantum mechanist. And that, along with the so-called "observer effect", is also what I meant by us not being able to measure these events precisely enough. However, even if quantum events seem random to us can we really tell that they are random? And even if they were, does it give us free will?
Re: Do We Have The Freedom Of Choice?
I'm going to look it up this weekend; at the moment I'm occupied by writing a love song and doing homework. Hahaha
Firstly, what do we think 'freedom of choice' is?
A lot of people consider that because 'lower' animals are not aware of themselves as individuals that they act only from an 'instinctual' drive that makes them helplessly what they are... WE as humans on the other hand, are above and somehow removed enough from nature's influence to rule our responses. We remember past events, project future consequences, and have the command of our own thoughts and the actions upon which we 'decide' to undertake.
But ask yourself this: Do you decide what you like the taste of? Do you really choose what attracts and repels you?
There's the fact that we can't function without assuming that we have free will, that we constantly demonstrate freely willed actions and that free will deniers talk about "the illusion of free will". It really isn't plausible to pretend that the evidence isn't entirely for the existence of free will.
Incorrect. The best match achieved is around 63%, and all that it suggests is that some subjects have been leaning towards a particular choice before deciding.
It's not clear why you've mentioned this, but there was a "Nobel prize-winning quantum physicist" named Wolfgang Pauli who held that determinism must be rejected by the scientist because it entails that the scientist does not have the freedom to choose either of a pair of mutually exclusive experimental settings, and this is required for the conduct of controlled experiments. In short, science requires the assumption of free will, and as science uses classical logic, science cannot consistently challenge free will.
Let's assume that the world is determined and thus that which exit I will take is a fact about the world long before I take it. Using a Schrodinger's cat type affair, we can set things so that there is a 50% chance of observing decay, but there is no way of knowing whether or not we will observe it. If nobody tells me the result of the "cat" the probability that decay will coincide with me leaving by a particular door is 50%. But if I am told the result, then I can arbitrarily assign either exit to a decay result and the other to a non-decay result, and I can leave by the door indicated, every time. In a determined world, this is just a coincidence, and as I can act as stated for arbitrarily long sequences of consecutive tests, it's a vanishingly improbable coincidence, either that or that the world is determined and we don't have free will is vanishingly improbable. And again, as acting in accord with the result is equivalent to making an observation of the result, and as science is irreducibly dependent on observation, the scientist cannot rationally deny free will or espouse determinism.
Re: Re:
1. I simply meant that there is nothing in our actions that needs "free will" to explain it. It of course does not mean that there couldn't be free will, it just means we'd do perfectly well also without it. I do not have means to prove either option as correct or incorrect. That being said, I find the claim that "we can't function without assuming that we have free will" paradoxal - we might assume that we have a free will only because our deterministic neurons make us assume so.
2. 63% is not at all that bad, taking into account the very crude instruments that are used to measure the brain activity (crude, as in they are light years away from the elegant mechanisms of the brain and neurons themselves). With enough samples we can statistically say that we can predict people's thoughts within a certain margin of error. I think I did not say that people's thoughts can be anticipated with 100% certainty, although I was under the impression that in very simple settings (choose Button A or Button B) the rate of success is very high.
3. I have mentioned this because I do not have the required knowledge about quantum level events to say if there is anything random in this world and I thought maybe some expert on this field might know better. As far as I know, all events on the atomic scale and above that are determined by other atomic level interactions and thus "deterministic" - i.e. in theory, with fine enough instruments, we could always tell what is going to happen next. But I have understood that there is some degree of unexplained randomness in the quantum level, though this is mostly beyond my scope of expertise. But if there is free will, this element of randomness is perhaps the only basis for free will that I can think of.
However, I do not understand this Pauli's argument: the fact that determinism/free will is "beyond" the scientific method (much like gods and religions - except that, unlike with religions, there is rational reasoning behind both sides of the argument) does not make it true or false. I assume Pauli means that we must act as if we had free will, because that is the only way we can conduct science according to the scientific method. And why not. I, for sure, want to think I have free will and act accordingly. Unfortunately my or Pauli's or anyone's personal opinions and likes and dislikes are irrelevant, because it is still entirely possible that we have no free will and that these opinions and views are just deterministic outcomes of the flow of electrons in our brains.
4. Now, I may have not fully understood your example, as to me it still seems that you take the one exit you take based on the stimulus obtained from your environment and the ensuing cascade of chemical and physical signals makes you to walk through the door and that you never really had a chance to choose otherwise.
I appreciate it that you chose such a scientific approach to this matter that is, in the end, maybe more philosophical than scientific - since, as you implied, it does not seem to be possible to scientifically prove or disprove either of the available options.
And just to clarify things: I do not see myself as a free will-denialist. In all its simpleness, I just have not found any "need" for free will in our world: there is no free will in rocks, no free will in the waves of the sea, no free will in trees or stars or rays of the sun or bacteria crawling in the dirt. And if you think about it, you and I are made of these same elements, atoms and electrons and quarks and whatnots, and bound by the very same laws of the universe. I do not understand how anything there could release us from the causality of an atom bumping into another, and create something like free will for only us (and perhaps other animals) to utilize. To me, the only thing that could grant us that kind of special privilege is a god of some kind, and gods, to me, look even less likely than free will! :)
Well, ran out of time to edit my previous post, but I'll add this small bit:
Think of a neuron: it is a cell, and I don't think anyone can claim that a cell has a free will. To the contrary, it is utterly on the mercy of the signals from its environment, its actions to each stimulus can be predicted and in all ways it works like a tiny factory, albeit a biological one. The neuron is just like any cell in this regard, it functions solely based on its interaction with its environment. It fires an action potential when a correct signal is received from the outside - be it another neuron or a scientist's electrode or from the inside if the trigger is induced by its own genetic products. But in both cases, the reason for the neural impulse is purely electrochemical or physical.
Now take a handful of neurons and you have a basic level nervous system - something similar that an earthworm has. Does it have free will? And if so, when the free will emerged? After joining two neurons? Or a thousand? No - all the neurons work under the same mechanisms as the one neuron did that we originally examined.
Take billions of neurons and weave them into a fascinating, extraordinarily complex organ such as the human brain. Surely, it is now so delicate and magnificent that we cannot even fully comprehend its awesomeness - but consists of these very same neurons that fire their signals across the axons based on the same principles that each an every neuron works. There is no free will involved, at least not in the base level of their operations. So when does the free will enter the play? When we have a million neurons? A billion? Do some, more simple organisms, have "less free will" or "half-free will"? If a physician inserts an electrode and stimulates your brain, what happens to your free will when you laugh or cry or smile based on the whim of the doctor?
Just some of the myriad of questions that you must answer to justify the existence of free will - but that you don't have to even ask if you take a deterministic approach to the dilemma. Perhaps we can use Occam's razor here: the solution where least questions has to be asked tends to be the correct one.
Re: Re:
Quite, as it's entirely possible that the world was created last Thursday, you're a brain in a vat or any of the other things which one has no good reason to believe. We observe freely willed actions, they are an essential part of the conduct of science. So, denial of free will is contra-science and irreducibly metaphysical.
Determinism is a global thesis; a world is determined if the following three conditions obtain:
1) at all times the world has a definite state, which can, in principle, be fully described
2) there are laws of nature which are the same in all times and places of the world
3) given the state of the world at any time, the state of the world at all other times is exactly and globally entailed by the given state in conjunction with the laws of nature.
That an agent bases their behaviour on environmental stimuli is tangential to this.
Sure, we don't need to do science, but I certainly prefer a world in which we do. Then again, all healthy human adults unavoidably assume and act on the assumption that they have free will. They can't function otherwise. So, the need is absolute, I really don't understand how you could have missed it.
Consider a range of different physical phenomena, stuff you'd characterise as "the causality of an atom bumping into another". For example, smoke signals, sound waves, marks on paper, pixels on a computer screen, these are widely differing phenomena in different materials and brought about by different processes. But they are all ways of transmitting information, for example chess moves. As it goes, in a game of chess there is often only one legal move, so if we know the rules of chess, we can predict the behaviour of the sender and the smoke, or whatever other medium is used. But we can't make that prediction using any law of science, notably any law concerned with atoms. So, either the rules of chess are "laws of the universe" or it is observably the case that some behaviour of some animals is not "bound by the very same laws of the universe" as atoms are. As the rules of chess are arbitrary, I think the conclusion is clear, and why not? After all, the behaviour of animals isn't what is studied by physicists, so there is no reason to suppose that the theories of physicists are important for questions of animal behaviour.
I've heard similar claims many times but nobody has ever offered an argument that supports it. How would a god and only a god, allow for free will?
No. I don't have to answer any of those questions, because freely willed actions exist by observation. There are plenty of unexplained phenomena that nobody would dream of denying, naturally so, because phenomena must exist in order to be explained. Things don't miraculously begin to exist when they are explained.
Ockham's razor is inapplicable, because free will isn't a hypothetical entity being unnecessarily mooted as part of an explanation. On the contrary, the problem of free will, for philosophers, has been how to explain it.
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Fatal crash victim from Fitchburg
JANESVILLE—A Fitchburg woman is dead and five others injured after a one-vehicle rollover crash Monday morning on Interstate 90/39 at Humes Road and Highway 14, according to a Wisconsin State Patrol news release.
Shondra Lynette Morbley, 36, was taken to St. Mary's Janesville Hospital where she was pronounced dead. She was a passenger in the vehicle that was driven by Terrace Dimitris Thomas, 31, Madison.
Thomas was taken to Mercy Hospital and Trauma Center for treatment of non-life-threatening injuries.
Morbley was not wearing a seatbelt, according to the release.
Others injured in the crash were: Shanae Ranette Morbley, 33, Madison; Dominique Quenetta Johnson, 29, Madison; Jeffery L. Harris, 31, Chicago; and Benjamin J. Roebuck, 34, Madison.
Shanae Morbley was taken to St. Mary's Janesville Hospital for treatment of non-life-threatening injuries.
Johnson, Harris and Roebuck were taken to two Janesville hospitals but were not injured.
The crash happened at 2:45 a.m. Monday after the 1997 Pontiac that Thomas was driving failed to negotiate the curve when exiting the Interstate at the Highway 14 off ramp, according to the release. This caused the car to roll over and come to rest on the driver's side.
The crash shut down the Highway 14 on/off ramp for nearly three hours.
Janesville police and firefighters provided assistance at the crash that remains under investigation by the State Patrol.