text:
Judges 1:1 Now it came about after the death of Joshua that the sons of Israel inquired of the LORD, saying, "Who shall go up first for us against the Canaanites, to fight against them?" (NASB: Lockman)
|NOW IT CAME ABOUT AFTER THE DEATH OF JOSHUA (Joshua 24:29, 30):
Paraphrased one could read this verse as ""Here's what happened after the death of Joshua".
The first few words of the book of Judges may at first glance seem to be only a helpful historical notation. "After the death of Joshua," however, is a statement of drastic change in the spiritual health of the nation of Israel.
Whereas Joshua is a book of conquest, but Judges is a long, sad story of defeat.
Joshua is a book of faith, Judges of unbelief and disobedience.
Joshua depicts a people united in following God's man, but Judges is a book of division and anarchy, as every man "did what was right in his own eyes."
In Joshua, God's Word is central and men submit to His authority, while in Judges, Scripture is neglected and rejected.
In Joshua, "we will not forget the Lord". In Judges "the people forgot the LORD."
Davis notes that…
Judges sets before us the warnings and danger signals regarding the perils that lie in the path of a believer. Judges sets before us the warnings and danger signals regarding the perils that lie in the path of a believer. The pattern of defeat described in the book of Judges is presented to us over and over again.
Judges is the second in order of what are called the historical books of the Bible, following chronologically after Joshua. It tells the tragic story in Israel's history which spans the period from Joshua's conquest of the Promised Land of Canaan to the beginnings of the Monarchy. Joshua had led Israel to conquer and occupy most of Canaan and yet many important Canaanite strongholds had been bypassed, leaving their subjugation to individual Israelite tribes as described in the foundational chapter 1 of Judges. The name of this book is derived from the gifted men and woman whom God raised up to deliver and lead Israel during this period of 350 or more years. The English title is somewhat misleading with its judicial or legal connotations, for the judges' role of administering justice was only secondary. Altogether, fourteen of these judges were named in the book, including Deborah and Barak, who served as co-judges. The chronology of Judges is controversial one must be very cautious in ascribing specific dates to the various incidents. Judges provides many examples of the principle that obedience to the law brings peace, whereas disobedience means oppression and death. Despite gross disobedience by the people, we still see the faithfulness of God in repeatedly rescuing His people. When God's grace does appear in Judges, it shines forth in brilliant brightness because of the frequent prevalent spiritual darkness. Interestingly, the historicity of the records in Judges has been confirmed in the New Testament in Acts 13:19-21 and in Hebrews 11:32. As to the author of Judges, we cannot be dogmatic although the Talmud says it was Samuel and that is a reasonable consideration. In any event it is the fully inspired, inerrant Word from God Himself and we should pay close attention to the lessons and principles in this dramatic book.
Ray Stedman writes that Judges…
Sidlow Baxter commenting on Judges wrote…
Henrietta Mears writes that…
In its introduction section, the Disciple Study Bible reminds that…
Judges begins with compromise and ends with confusion. This is what happens in every unsurrendered life! The people of Israel forgot that God had chosen them for a purpose—to tell the world the truth that there is but one true God. And so we see It the story of humans' constant failure and God's constant mercy. It is notable that human pride would love to believe that humanity's trend is upward, but God's Word in general and specifically in Judges shows us that the natural course without supernatural intervention is downward.
Failure through compromise permeates every page of the book of Judges. The exploits of the judges teach the lesson that a return to the true faith brings renewed victory; yet the very teaching of this accentuates the main, stark reality, that all the failure is due to compromise. Let the words burn into the mind, and burn out any easy-going toleration of the unholy or questionable thing. We can never enjoy God's promised rest for long if we tolerate only "partially crushed" sins to continue with us. If we make league with questionable things because they seem harmless, we shall soon find ourselves wedded to the desires of the flesh again, and down from the heights to which God had lifted us. Failure through compromise! Oh that Israel had heeded the message of this book! Oh that a compromising Church today never disregard it! God's word to His people of today is still that of 2 Cor 6:17,18
Gary Inrig writes that…
As you study Judges notice the repeated emphasis on…
Davis asks…
When did the events in Judges take place? In the range of 1400 - 1050 BC (350 years) a time period that covers a little less 25% of Israel's history in the OT (assuming an approximate date for Abraham's call of 2100 B.C. and of 400 B. C. for the book of Malachi which would be about 1700 years) And many are only vaguely familiar with this historical book.
When Joshua was Israel's leader, all the tribes worked together in obeying the will of God.
In the Book of Judges, however, you don't find the nation working together as a unit. Nevertheless it seems here the sons did come before God in this moment of crisis to seek His will.
Davis writes that the diligent student needs to…
The Book of Judges begins with a series of victories and defeats that took place after the death of Joshua. The boundary lines for the twelve tribes had been determined years before (Joshua 13-22), but the people had not yet fully claimed their inheritance by defeating and dislodging the entrenched inhabitants of the land. When Joshua was an old man, the Lord said to him, "You are old, advanced in years, and there remains very much land yet to be possessed" (Joshua 13:1NKJV). The people of Israel owned all the land, but they didn't possess all of it; and therefore they couldn't enjoy all of it.
Moody Bible Institute's devotional "Today in the Word" has an interesting summary cycle of men and of nations ("bird's eye view of the cycle of men and nations"), a pattern that is similar to that seen repeatedly in Judges…
Henrietta Mears offers the following outline for Judges that is easy to remember.
"Seven apostasies,
seven servitudes to seven idolatrous and cruel nations,
seven deliverances!"
THAT THE SONS OF ISRAEL INQUIRED OF THE LORD SAYING, "WHO SHALL GO UP FIRST FOR US AGAINST THE CANAANITES, TO FIGHT AGAINST THEM: (Jdg 20:18,28; Exodus 28:30; Numbers 27:21; 1Samuel 22:9,10; 23:9,10)
Inquired (sa'al) means to ask and in context means to seek a direct message or oracle from Jehovah. How the oracle was received in this verse is not clear but methods God utilized to convey His oracle in the OT include dreams (1 Sa 28:6), the Urim (Nu 27:21) and of course His mouthpiece, the prophets.
Joshua had been faithful to his task to "Be strong and courageous… (and) give this people possession of the land which (Jehovah) swore to their fathers to give them" (Jos 1:6) and yet much of the Promised Land remained to be conquered. The first act of the children of Israel was to seek God's will about how they should carry out the final conquest. We always begin well when we consult the omnipotent, omniscient, sovereign Living God of the Universe. Israel asked Jehovah which tribe was to engage the enemy first.
Seeking God's wisdom and will is always the best place to begin any venture.
It is interesting to notice that from this time forward inquiring of the Lord is mentioned only at the end of Judges but then occurs with greater frequency in 1Samuel, the time that followed the days of the Judges. Note that Moses and Joshua had received direct revelations from God, but at this time presumably the Pentateuch (Torah) had been recorded by Moses for consultation.
Inquired of the LORD (Jehovah) - Specific phrase found 11 times in the Scriptures in NAS - Jdg 1:1, 20:23, 20:27 1Sa 22:10, 23:2, 23:4, 28:6, 30:8 2Sa 2:1, 5:19, 5:23
Inquire(d) of God (Elohim) - Ex 18:15 Jdg 18:5; 20:18; 1Sa 9:9, 14:37;22:13; 15, 1Chr 14:10, 21:30
The Hebrew word is Shophetim, meaning "judges, rulers, deliverers, or saviors." Shophet not only carries the idea of maintaining justice and settling disputes, but it is also used to mean "liberating and delivering."
First the judges deliver the people; then they rule and administer justice.
The Septuagint (LXX) used the Greek equivalent of this word, Kritai ("Judges"). The Latin Vulgate called it Liber Judicum, the "Book of Judges."
Judges could also appropriately be titled "The Book of Failure." But why would any Christian today want to read a book that is such a "downer"? Paul gives us a good reason…
We must remember that: "Straight ahead lies yesterday!" "Future events cast their shadows before them." "Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it."
(See more notes on Typology)
As an aside, the preceding NT verses from 1 Corinthians 10 are examples of the important doctrine of typology which on one hand is neglected by many in the church or on the other extreme is misused and abused by others. The abuse by some should not detract us from an honest Spirit illuminated study of typology in the Scriptures, as it will be not only edifying, but increase our faith and hope in God's redemptive plan for mankind and for each of us individually.
Dr S Lewis Johnson defines typology as
Secular dictionaries define typology as a doctrine which holds that things in Christian belief are prefigured by things in the Old Testament.
Typology describes the situation when something done in the OT is brought to notice and is shown to have signified something done or about to be done in the NT.
The typological relation between the two Testaments was summed up in Augustine
Stated another way typology is the study of Biblical comparisons made between persons, events, things and institutions of one biblical period and those of another, most often between the OT and the NT (there are also comparisons between persons, events, etc in the Old Testament but these are less common).
Typology in Scripture serves to demonstrate the unbroken continuity in God's plan of redemptive history between the Old and New Testaments, and this alone should encourage us in our faith in God's Word of Truth and His trustworthy character (1Th 5:24-ntoe).
The New Bible Dictionary has an interesting definition of typology describing it as…
The Baker Encyclopedia of the Bible writes that typology as the…
The type is the initial person, event, thing or institution while the corresponding and later person, event, thing or institution is called the antitype (copy, counterpart). And thus the Apostle Paul portrays Christ as the antitype of Adam (the type) in Romans 5:12–21 writing…
The essential components of typology include…
In regard to this latter point S T Gundry writes that…
The Pocket Dictionary for Biblical Studies gives us an excellent example of a historical, corresponding, predictive type and antitype writing that…
The basic presuppositions which justify the use of typology as an interpretative method include…
It needs to be underscored that typology is not an invitation to fanciful interpretations of the truths in the OT. On the other hand, some teach that we should never attempt to see things in the OT which are not there in a historical-grammatical sense. There is clearly some truth in this caution for we are not to attempt to see typology that has no support (no historicity, correspondence or predictiveness). To do so would lead to fanciful, potentially erroneous and harmful interpretation.
On the other hand, there is no validity to the idea that we are not to interpret the OT in light of the NT. The NT in fact was written in light of the foundational teaching in the OT. For example, it would be very difficult to understand the Messianic promise in Genesis 3:15 if we did not understand the rest of the Bible. But from the perspective of NT revelation, when we look at the OT, we are able to see things that we could not have seen without the light of revelation of the NT. The truth of the OT is unchanged, but our ability to see the different facets of that truth is changed.
In the International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, William G. Moorehead has a balanced, well reasoned discussion on typology noting that…
Now back to Judges… One message in this book is that the result of abandonment of God's law is corruption from within and oppression from without.
Compromise will bring failure. Incomplete mastery of evil at the outset always means constant trouble from it afterwards and often defeat by it in the end. So was it with Israel. So has it been with those in NT times. Israel then is a picture of our fallen flesh.
Let us beware for ourselves! Let the truth of this book burn into your mind and burn out any easy going toleration of the unholy or questionable thing. We can never enjoy God's promised rest and blessing for long if we tolerate only partially crushed sins to continue with us. If we "flirt" with questionable things because they seem harmless, we will soon find ourselves in shackles to the desires of the flesh. Oh that Israel had heeded the message of this book. Oh that a compromising Church today never disregard it! God's word to His people today is still that of 2Cor 6:17, 18. Take heed (a command, a necessity, not a suggestion).
Israel's servitudes or enslavements were not accidents but were punishments. God may confer special privileges on certain persons and nations, but He is no respecter of persons in the sense that he winks at their indiscretions!. Those who sin against extra privilege bear heavier responsibility and incur heavier penalty (cp Jas 3:1, 2Co 5:10, He 13:17-note). God gives privileges, but He never the privilege to sin! Let us as saints who enjoy the privilege of the New Covenant of grace beware lest this sense of privilege should beguile our own hearts into the sin of presumption! We must ever beware of the temptation to "turn the grace of our God into licentiousness" (Jude 1:4, 1Co 8:9, Ga 5:13, 1Pe 2:16-note)
Let us read Judges and be alarmed (and warned) that such low living could go with such high calling. We must watch and pray lest we ourselves enter into temptation. And so we see the cycle:
The major apostasies described in detail are all initiated by a variation of the phrase "the children of Israel did evil in the sight of the Lord" (Judges 3:8, 12, 4:1, 6:1, 10:6, 13:1). Note also that all of these servitudes of Israel are declared to be brought on by Jehovah Himself!
There were three types of judges in the OT:
After reading Judges you may think that the whole of these three or four hundred years was spent in rebellion and sin. But if you read it carefully, you will see that only about one hundred out of these possibly 350 years were spent in disloyalty to God. In any event, one lesson we learn in the book of Judges is that a people who spend much of their time in disobedience to God make little progress during their lifetime.
Sensational headlines like murder, rape, kidnap, etc are everyday fare on the front page of America's newspapers every day now, but similar headlines could describe some of the events that actually occurred in the Book of Judges. What a contrast between the last section of Joshua, where we see Israel resting from war and enjoying the riches God had given them in the Promised Land. Joshua repeatedly pictures victory over enemies. But as we move into the historical period of the Judges we see Israel suffering from defeat, invasion, slavery, poverty, and civil war.
What happened to God's "chosen people" who had it all as the saying goes?
Israel begin to decay as the new generation took over, for this generation knew neither Joshua nor Joshua's God. Israel moved from love of God to apathy for God; from obedience to Jehovah to apostasy from Jehovah, from a law abiding nation to a lawless nation filled with anarchy. For Israel, the dark days of Judges were indeed the worst of times.
How could this happen within one to two generations? One reason might be that the older generation had failed to instruct their children and grandchildren in the ways of the Lord. Or it may be that they had faithfully instructed their offspring but this new generation refused to submit to God's Law and God's ways, instead doing things "my way". Although it is a proverb (which is generally true) in this case the proverb proved completely true, Solomon recording that
Judges is the record of God's reproach, not just to "any people" but "His own people"!
To reiterate a point made earlier, if you ever want to know what your old flesh nature inherited from Adam is like, study Israel!
Judges 1 gives us the symptoms of partial obedience (of which of course there is no such thing for partial obedience is always disobedience!)
1). When we add something to what God has said...this is in Jdg 1:3: The LORD had told Judah to go up, but Judah then said ''I'll just help God out'' by taking Simeon. That's not what God had said to do. You need to listen and when He speaks you move without question. They had victory you say. That's true but God is always faithful to what He says, not to who we are or what we do.
2). Next when we stoop to the behavior of our enemy. I'm going to do it my way. See v7.
3). Iron Chariots: When fear keeps us from doing what God commands. When you are partially obedient to God, you are not fully looking at Him. v8-20 records the victories that they had when they did what God said to do.
4). Judges 1:21 Trying to peacefully coexist with evil. They did not eradicate completely the pagans. How (See Ex 23:32, Dt 7:1, 20:17 How bad were some of these pagans? Why would God say to drive them out? Lev 20:1,23, Dt 7:4 tells us about the power of sin. Tragically many Christians are living with some pet sin that they are tolerating. They have some "secret closet" they are not willing to surrender to the Lord. They will not repent of it. Oh, they may confess it. But their modus operandi is to deal with it their own way and to continue to ''peacefully coexist''. Mark it down - There can never be a peaceful coexistence with unconfessed, unrepented of sin.
God gave Israel a land but He gave believers a life. Just as they had to drive out the pagans who would lead to their destruction in time, so too must believers drive out the sin which so easily entangles. We can learn from Israel's battle w. ''sin'' as we walk in this body of sin under the New Covenant (see Ro 15:4-note).
Sin falls in one of 3 categories:
If you are trying to hang on to a sin in your life, you are just like Israel and the LIGHT OF GOD'S TRUTH CANNOT COME IN!
Jesus warned in Mt 6:23.
Spurgeon writes that…
Cundall writes in his introduction:
There are close parallels between Joshua and Judges
What appears to be a major difference is that in Judges attention is given to the individual participating tribes, particularly Judah, whereas in Joshua the Conquest is viewed as the work of the united tribes under one leader. The difficulty cannot be sidestepped by the supposition that Judges 1 is a history of the later stages of the Conquest after the death of Joshua, as would appear from Jdg 1:1. Such a view would increase rather than decrease the problem, since the parallels with events in Joshua are too close.
Some thoughts that might help resolve the issue:
There may well be a certain idealization in the record (Jos 11:23, 21:43, 44, 45, 23:1) and reference to those passages alone could be used to support the view of a complete conquest and occupation. But certain sections do not support this view and the tension of evidence suggest a great victory but an incomplete one. Joshua does not give a misleading picture. The fact is openly noted that 'there remains yet very much land to be possessed' (Jos 13:1).
The Book of Joshua began with the words: "After the death of Moses," and recorded the story of the people of God under the leadership of his successor. Now the story is continued as to what followed his death. These beginnings keep us reminded of the persistence of the Divine purpose, in spite of the frailty of the human instruments. After the death of any servant of God, the service of God goes forward, and the work of God is carried on. Yet the other side of that truth is not to be lost sight of. God carries on His purpose and His work through human instruments. Moses made possible the work of Joshua. Joshua had made possible the work of all who were to follow. (Ed note: Who has God placed in your life who will carry on the work after you have gone? Have you been a faithful Paul or Paulette to them?) The period covered in this Book is that from the death of Joshua to the judgeship of Samuel, and the movement toward monarchy. On the human side, it is a story of disobedience and disaster; and on the Divine side, of continued direction and deliverance. Therefore in its light the servant of God may always find encouragement. When the appointed task is done, he will ever be conscious of the incompleteness of it, of the things desired but not done, of the perils threatening the ultimate realization which he must leave unattained; but he will know by all this history that God never abandons His purpose, cannot be finally defeated, will always find those to take up and continue the service which is unfinished.
Happy is the man who in his little hour works with God. He may be at rest about the issues. (Life Applications from Every Chapter of the Bible)
|Judges 1:2 And the LORD said, "Judah shall go up; behold, I have given the land into his hand."
AND THE LORD SAID, "JUDAH SHALL GO UP: (Ge 49:8, 9, 10; Nu 2:3; 7:12; Ps 78:68, 69, 70; Heb 7:14; Re 5:5; 19:11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) (See Judah, Tribe of)
Israel could only retain the land and complete its conquest by the same faith in which they had at first entered it. For faith is never a thing of the past.
Israel's work of conquest began in earnest but it ended in weakness. The people did not obey God. Judges 1 is a failure chapter. They did not drive out the enemy as God had commanded.
Judah's leadership position among the tribes is well documented. For example, Jacob depicted Judah as a mighty warrior and the leader of his brothers in (Genesis 49:8, 9, 10, 11, 12). The tribe of Judah also assumed a favored position in the encampment arrangement in the wilderness (see Numbers 2) and was the first tribe to whom Joshua allotted land west of the Jordan (Joshua 14-15)
"have given… into his hand" is a Hebrew idiom which means "to deliver over to the power of" or "to enable to conquer." Jehovah's use of the perfect tense in the verb "have given", describes a future action as if it were a "done deal"! The Hebrew perfect tense is used elsewhere in Judges in rallying cries
This idiom is also found in Judges describing divine oracles of deliverance
Finally the perfect tense is also used once in a dream interpretation to emphasize the disaster symbolized in the dream…
Throughout Judges observe how we see a picture of God's adequacy giving Israel and/or Judah divine direction (Judges 1:12), divine assurance (Jdg 1:2), the experience of God's power (Jdg 1:4) and finally and best of all the experience of God's presence (Jdg 1:19).
Jehovah spoke to Judah to go up. He did not speak to Judah and Simeon although Simeon actually had its inheritance within the tribe of Judah (Jos 19:1).
Note also that God did not say "I have given you all the land except that fortified by iron chariots" (cp Jdg 1:19). God said "the land" without qualification. Judah failed to believe God's very clear promise. And promises must be laid hold of by faith (and faith is an "action" verb which translates into obedience).
When Joshua was an old man, the Lord said to him, "You are old, advanced in years, and there remains very much land yet to be possessed" (Jos 13:1, NKJV). The people of Israel owned all the land, but they didn't possess all of it; and therefore they couldn't enjoy all of it.
Judges 1:3 Then Judah said to Simeon his brother, "Come up with me into the territory allotted me, that we may fight against the Canaanites; and I in turn will go with you into the territory allotted you." So Simeon went with him.
THEN JUDAH SAID TO SIMEON HIS BROTHER: (Genesis 29:33; Joshua 19:1)
Related Resource: Simeon, The tribe of
Since Leah had given birth to Judah and Simeon, these tribes were blood brothers (Ge 35:23). Incidentally, Simeon actually had its inheritance within the tribe of Judah (Jos 19:1).
Some would say this was in God's will for Judah but others suggest that this is not the specific direction that God gave Judah (if one relies solely on what the previous passage commands) and that it suggests a subtle erosion in their faith and trust in the total adequacy of God to fulfill what He had called Judah to do -- go up and fight the Canaanites.
AND I IN TURN WILL GO WITH YOU INTO THE TERRITORY ALLOTTED YOU: (Jdg 1:17; 2Samuel 10:11)
Simeon was given land in the southern section of Judah's territory in fulfillment of Jacob's prophecy (Ge 49:5). Simeon eventually migrated north when its territory was incorporated into Judah's. See 1Ki 11:13.
Judges 1:4 And Judah went up, and the LORD gave the Canaanites and the Perizzites into their hands; and they defeated ten thousand men at Bezek.
AND THE LORD GAVE THE CANAANITES AND THE PERIZZITES INTO THEIR HANDS: (Ex 23:28,29; Dt 7:2; 9:3; Jos 10:8, 9, 10; 11:6, 7, 8; 1Sa 14:6,10; 1Sa 17:46,47; 1Ki 22:6,15)
Note that Judah had a first hand experience of the power and sufficiency of the Almighty in warfare. How their faith must have been fanned by these divine encounters. Why was Judah successful? Because they believed God. They had talked with God. God had spoken clear instructions and they believed Him (although see caveat discussed at note on v3). But go to [Jdg 1:19].
Canaanites applies to all the peoples found in the land of Palestine, but at times it is restricted to the inhabitants of the valleys and coastal plains (Nu 13:29). Here the Canaanites are linked with the Perizzites, an ethnic group often included in lists of the people of Canaan.
AND THEY DEFEATED TEN THOUSAND MEN AT BEZEK: (Bezek) (1Sa 11:8)
God's sovereignty
The LORD "GAVE" but Judah had to carry out their part and fight. .
Bezek was located 12 miles NE of Shechem and 13 mi from Jabesh-Gilead, 6 mi N of Tirzah, though the Judges' site may be a distinctive city
|Judges 1:5 And they found Adoni-bezek in Bezek and fought against him and they defeated the Canaanites and the Perizzites.
Why did they defeat them? Because they trusted and obeyed God's promise…
|Judges 1:6 But Adoni-bezek fled; and they pursued him and caught him and cut off his thumbs and big toes.
This form of punishment humiliated the victim, eliminated any possibility of his taking up arms in the future, and symbolized the cessation of his rule as a warrior-king. This might seem to be cruel and unusual punishment, but this king, by his own admission (v7), received what he deserved, for he had mutilated 70 other kings in this same way.
One might look at look at this verse in a somewhat negative light. It appears that Judah was taking their "standard" from the world, not from God… after all this is what every one else did to their captured enemy leaders because this would render them incapable of functioning as leaders and warriors. So it seems like the rational, logical, sensible thing to do. But Oh the deception of disobedience (partial obedience)… God had said they were to utterly obliterate their enemies, not compromise with them by mutilating them. Thus Judah's obedience was but partial (and so it was disobedience). And could this have anything to do with Judah's failure to defeat the iron chariots (Jdg 1:19).
Gary Inrig adds that…
|Judges 1:7 And Adoni-bezek said, "Seventy kings with their thumbs and their big toes cut off used to gather up scraps under my table; as I have done, so God has repaid me." So they brought him to Jerusalem and he died there.
AND ADONI-BEZEK SAID, SEVENTY KINGS WITH THEIR THUMBS AND THEIR BIG TOES CUT OFF USED TO GATHER UP SCRAPS UNDER MY TABLE: (Ex 21:23, 24, 25; Lev 24:19, 20, 21; 1Sa 15:33; Is 33:1; Mt 7:1,2; Lk 6:37,38; Ro 2:15; Jas 2:13; Re 13:10; 16:6)
After a custom not uncommon in antiquity, the many chieftains whom he had subdued were kept, like dogs, "for lengthened sport," under the banqueting table of the proud conqueror in a mutilated condition, their thumbs and great toes cut off, in token that they could never again handle sword and bow, nor march to war. It need scarcely be said, that the Mosaic law never contemplated such horrors. Nevertheless the allied tribes now inflicted mutilation upon Adoni-bezek.
Gather up - Elsewhere this verb usually carries the sense of "to gather; to pick up; to glean," but "lick up" seems best here in light of the peculiar circumstances described by Adoni-Bezek. (Net Bible Notes)
Repaid (Lxx = antapodidomi (word study) - used in Jdg 1:7; 1Sa 25:21; 2Sa 22:21; 1Kgs 2:44; 2Chr 32:25; Ps 103:10; 116:12) - Hebrew verb salam carries the primary meaning of "making intact, bringing to completion and can refer to paying off a debt, making restitution, restoring something that has been lost or stolen, and paying religious vows. Occasionally it is used of rewarding someone for an act of kindness, but more often, as in the present context, it refers to repaying evil deeds. Therefore some interpret this verse as an illustration of lex talionis, the law of retaliation demanding an "eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot" (Ex 21:24. 23, 25; cf. Mt 5:38-note).
Even the heathen king admitted the justification of the act in his case. But to reiterate, this is man's idea of vengeance, not necessarily God's (see Ro 12:17, 18, 19-notes) Since when does God tell His people to use the means of pagan people to accomplish His means? Pagans cut the toes off, but that's not what God said to do. This is the way flesh does it. God says "VENGEANCE IS MINE, I WILL REPAY" In the relevant NT passage (Ro 12:17-note, Ro 12:18, 19-note) "vengeance" is translated with ekdikesis (see study of noun form - ekdikos) which means retribution out of righteousness. God is ultimately the only One Who can pay back this way (our of His perfect righteousness). He knows what crime or misdeed has been committed and He alone knows how to repay.
|Judges 1:8 Then the sons of Judah fought against Jerusalem and captured it and struck it with the edge of the sword and set the city on fire.
THEN THE SONS OF JUDAH FOUGHT AGAINST JERUSALEM: (Jdg 1:21; Joshua 15:63) (Jerusalem • Jerusalem, 1 • Jerusalem, 2 • Jerusalem, 3 • Jerusalem, 4)
Jerusalem was only temporarily and partially captured. Joshua had defeated "the king of Jerusalem" (Jos 12:7,10), but apparently did not destroy the Jebusites. The Jebusites later returned to reoccupy their city. The men of Judah did capture the lower city (Jdg 1:8, 21), but only later did King David capture the upper city and eliminate the Jebusites permanently (2Sa 5:6,7).
Joshua had already slain the king of Jerusalem and his four allies after the battle at Gibeon (Jos 10:3,18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26), but had not conquered Jerusalem, his capital. This was not done till after Joshua's death, when it was taken by the tribes of Judah and Simeon (Judges 1:8). But even after this capture, and notwithstanding the fact that it had been set on fire, it did not come into the sole and permanent possession of the Israelites. After the conquerors had advanced still farther, to make war upon the Canaanites in the mountains, in the Negev, and in the Shephelah (lowlands) (Jdg 1:9f.), the Jebusites took it again and rebuilt it, so that in the following age it was regarded by the Israelites as a foreign city (Judges 19:11,12-note).
The Benjaminites, to whom Jerusalem had fallen by lot, were no more able to drive out the Jebusites than the Judaeans had been. Consequently they continued to live by the side of the Benjaminites (Judges 1:21) and the Judaeans (Jos 15:63), who settled, as time rolled on, in this the border city of their possessions; and in the upper town especially, upon the top of Mount Zion, they established themselves so firmly, that they could not be dislodged until David succeeded in wresting this fortress from them, and make the city of Zion the capital of his kingdom (2Sa 5:6, 7, 8f.).
Jerusalem is one of the oldest cities in the world having been occupied almost continually for 5000 yrs. Its capture and destruction recorded here is complicated by the reference in (Judges 1:21) did not drive out the Jebusites from Jerusalem and by (Jos15:63) which notes that Judah did not expel the Jebusites from Jerusalem.
Cundall feels that
AND STRUCK IT WITH THE EDGE OF THE SWORD AND SET THE CITY ON FIRE (Judges 20:48; 2Ki 8:12, Ps 74:7):
Note what the text does NOT say -- that they utterly destroyed the city and its inhabitants.
Judges 1:9 And afterward the sons of Judah went down to fight against the Canaanites living in the hill country and in the Negev and in the lowland.
AND AFTERWARD THE SONS OF JUDAH WENT DOWN TO FIGHT AGAINST THE CANAANITES: (Jos 10:36; 11:21; 15:13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20 )
The descriptions below are of 3 specific major subdivisions of territory, a fact somewhat obscured in this sentence.
The Judean mountain range between and including Jerusalem (2,500 ft high) and Hebron (3,040 ft high).
AND IN THE NEGEV: (Negev)
This was the semi - desert area that begins just south of Hebron and bordered on South by Kadesh-Barnea.
Negev = Hebrew "south" in turn from word = "to be dry, parched" It is a geographical term which refers to a specific section of Palestine (Ge 13:1) located between Debir and the Arabian Desert. It is an arid region most of the year. Since this area was south of the larger part of Israel, the word also came to be used to denote that direction (Ge 13:14; Da 8:4,9; 11:5, etc).
AND IN THE LOWLAND (cp Jdg 1:19):
Lowland - Often called the Shephelah = foothills between the coast and the Judean mountains, the scene of many battles between the Israelites and the Philistines. Note that Joshua had taken these territories utterly destroying all who breathed (see esp Jos 10:40, 11:16)
Judges 1:10 So Judah went against the Canaanites who lived in Hebron (now the name of Hebron formerly was Kiriath-arba); and they struck Sheshai and Ahiman and Talmai.
SO JUDAH WENT AGAINST THE CANAANITES WHO LIVED IN HEBRON (Jdg 1:20):
Although "Judah" is stated as subject here, the context of the next verse ("he went against") and the fact that Caleb was noted to have defeated the 3 giants in (Jos 15:13,14) supports the premise that "Judah" here is being used more generically, referring to those from the Tribe of Judah and specifically in context referring to Caleb, a Kennizite, who had become a leader in the tribe of Judah.
NOW THE NAME OF HEBRON FORMERLY WAS KIRIATH (Hebron) (city of Arba - Joshua 14:15 ):
Hebron, some 19 miles S of Jerusalem, has highest elevation (3000') of any city in Judah and is famous as home of Abraham.
AND THEY STRUCK SHESHAI AND AHIMAN AND TALMAI: (Nu 13:20, 22,33; Jos 15:13,14; Ps 33:16,17; Eccl 9:11; Je 9:23) (Sheshai; Ahiman; Talmai)
They struck - LXX - patasso - = inflicting fatal blow (used in Mt 26:31)
Talmai - LXX adds "offspring/children of Anak" cp Jos 15:14
These are the three famous giants of race of Anak, who dwelt at Hebron when the Hebrew spies explored the land (Nu 13:22) about 1440BC and who were afterward expelled by Caleb (Jos 15:14) and eventually slain by the Judaites (Judges 1:10).
|Judges 1:11 Then from there he went against the inhabitants of Debir (now the name of Debir formerly was Kiriath-sepher).
THEN FROM THERE HE WENT AGAINST THE INHABITANTS OF DEBIR (Joshua 15:15):
Then - Remember "then" is a time phrase and always calls us to stop and ask "What time is it?".
He - In context this refers to Caleb.
Debir (Debir) - This is in Judah's hill country (Jos 10:38,39) in the Negev or southland and designated a city for the Levites (Jos 21:15; 1Chr 6:57,58). In Joshua's time the town, also called Kirjath Sannah (Jos 15:49) and Kirjath Sepher (Jos 15:15,16; Jdg 1:11,12) was inhabited by the giant people, the Anakim, and was captured by Joshua (Jos 10:38,39). Debir had to be recaptured later by the judge Othniel (Jos 15:15, 16, 17; Judges 1:11, 12, 13).
NOW THE NAME OF DEBIR FORMERLY WAS KIRIATH-SEPHER (City of the book) (Jos 15:15,16,49):
Keil & Delitzsch
Judges 1:12 And Caleb said, "The one who attacks Kiriath-sepher and captures it, I will even give him my daughter Achsah for a wife."
Caleb - 35x in OT - Num 13:6, 30; 14:6, 24, 30, 38; 26:65; 32:12; 34:19; Deut 1:36; Josh 14:6, 13f; 15:13f, 16ff; 21:12; Jdg 1:12, 13, 14, 15, 20; 3:9; 1 Sam 30:14; 1 Chr 2:18f, 42, 46, 48ff; 4:15; 6:56
Jehovah sums up the character of Caleb in Numbers…
The whole of this account is found in Jos 15:13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and seems to be inserted here by way of recapitulation. Joshua 15:16,17; 1Sa 17:25; 18:23)
Same promise in Jos 15:16.
Achsah is mentioned here and in Jos 15:13-19; 1Chr 2:49.
Related Resource: Judges 1:12-15: Achsah's Asking, a Pattern of Prayer - Sermon by C H Spurgeon
Judges 1:13 And Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother, captured it; so he gave him his daughter Achsah for a wife.
AND OTHNIEL THE SON OF KENAZ CALEB'S YOUNGER BROTHER, CAPTURED IT (Jos 15:17):
Othniel (Othniel) - "God is powerful" or "lion of God" - Jdg 3:9
Faith must have run in Caleb's family, because the city of Debir was taken by Othniel, Caleb's nephew, Israel's first judge (Jdg 3:9, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11).
Captured it - This fulfills the prophecy about Caleb in Nu 14:24 ("and his descendents after him")
See Spurgeon's sermon Judges 1:12-14 Achsah's Asking, A Pattern Of Prayer
|Judges 1:15 "And she said to him, "Give me a blessing, since you have given me the land of the Negev, give me also springs of water." So Caleb gave her the upper springs and the lower springs.
AND SHE SAID TO HIM, "GIVE ME A BLESSING: (Ge 33:11; 1Sa 25:18,27; 2Co 9:5; Heb 6:7; 1Pe 3:9)
Blessing (berakah; Lxx = eulogia = good speech, then praise, He 12:17-refers to Esau's "blessing" from Jacob) - This Hebrew word conveys the general idea of this word is one of good favor bestowed on another. This may be expressed in the giving of a tangible gift (Achsah has the springs of water as a gift) or in the pronouncing of a verbal blessing by which one calls down God's favor upon another.
Negev is the transliteration of a Hebrew = "south" from word = be dry. It is a geographical term which refers to a specific section of Palestine (Ge 13:1) located between Debir and the Arabian Desert and is arid most of the year. Since this area was south of the larger part of Israel, the word also came to be used to denote that direction (Ge 13:14; Da 8:4,9; 11:5).
All uses of Negev (Negeb) - Gen. 12:9; 13:1, 3; 20:1; 24:62; Num. 13:17, 22, 29; 21:1; 33:40; Deut. 1:7; 34:3; Jos. 10:40; 11:16; 12:8; 15:19; 19:8; Jdg. 1:9, 15f; 1 Sam. 27:10; 30:1, 14, 27; 2 Sam. 24:7; 2 Chr. 28:18; Ps. 126:4; Isa. 21:1; 30:6; Jer. 13:19; 17:26; 32:44; 33:13; Ezek. 20:46f; Obad. 1:19f
Springs (gullah) depicts a bowl or the bowl-shaped top of a pillar but in the present context probably refers to spring-fed pools.
Like his acquisition of a worthy husband for his daughter, Caleb's gift of water demonstrates the protective concern that Israelite men should exhibit toward their wives and daughters. As the Book of Judges unfolds, women become victims of male oppression rather than the beneficiaries of male protection. Caleb's gift of life-giving springs stands in sharp contrast to the death and infertility that another Israelite daughter would experience as a result of her father's misguided zeal and lack of foresight in Judges 11:30 ff)
|Judges 1:16 And the descendants of the Kenite, Moses' father-in-law, went up from the city of palms with the sons of Judah, to the wilderness of Judah which is in the south of Arad; and they went and lived with the people.
AND THE DESCENDANTS OF THE KENITE MOSES' FATHER-IN-LAW (Moses - Ex 3:1; 4:18; 18:1,7,12,14, 15, 16, 17,27; Nu 10:29 )
Moses' father-in-law - His name was Jethro
WENT UP FROM THE CITY OF PALMS WITH THE SONS OF JUDAH TO THE WILDERNESS OF JUDAH WHICH IS IN THE SOUTH OF ARAD: (Nu 21:1; Jos 12:14) (Nu 10:29, 30, 31, 32; 1Sa 15:6)
City Of Palms - Jericho - Dt 34:3, Jos 6:26 Jdg 3:13; 2Chr 28:16
Arad - 16 mi due south of Hebron in a very desolate region.
|Judges 1:17 Then Judah went with Simeon his brother, and they struck the Canaanites living in Zephath, and utterly destroyed it. So the name of the city was called Hormah.
THEN JUDAH WENT WITH SIMEON HIS BROTHER AND THEY STRUCK THE CANAANITES LIVING IN ZEPHATH AND UTTERLY DESTROYED IT: (2Chr 14:10 )
Struck - Hebrew = nakah - smite, attack, kill ; Lxx = kopto - cut off (cp use Mt 21:8) or to smite, strike, knock down
Utterly destroyed (charam/haram) means to surrender something to God. It means to put something under a ban for utter destruction. To devote it to destruction even as a religious act of holy war. As Israel prepared for the conquest of the Promised Land, Moses instructed them to exterminate the native population of the land declaring that…
They were to do to the Canaanites just as they had done to the Amorites (see Dt 2:34; 3:6; Jos 2:10).
The city of Jericho was put under the "ban" (related Hebrew word cherem/herem) so that all living things were to be killed and the articles of gold, silver, bronze, and iron were to be placed in the Lord's treasury (Jos 6:17, 18, 19, 20, 21). When Achan violated the rules pertaining to the ban, Israel itself was placed under the ban until the offender, whose deeds had made him liable to destruction, was executed (Jos 7:1, 11, 12, 13).
Some might ask "Wasn't it cruel and unjust for God to command Israel to exterminate the nations in Canaan?" Not in the least! To begin with, God had been patient with these nations for centuries and had mercifully withheld His judgment (Ge 15:16; see note 2 Peter 3:9). Their society, and especially their religion, was despicably (even unspeakably) wicked and should have been obliterated and rooted out years before.
These nations had been warned by the judgments God had inflicted on others, especially on Egypt and the nations east of the Jordan (see Jos 2:8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13). Rahab and her family had sufficient information to be able to repent and believe, and God did in fact save them (Jos 6:22, 23, 24, 25). Therefore, we have every right to conclude that God would have saved anybody who had turned to Him. These nations were sinning against a flood of light in rejecting God's truth and going their own way and He was completely justified in calling for total annihilation.
Hormah - means devotion, banning, devoted to utter or complete destruction, place of waste
Note the Hebrew verbal derivative is used in this same verse translated "utterly destroyed" which gives you the picture that the name "Hormah" was meant to convey. Any Jew who heard the name "Hormah" or came to this place understood (or at least should have understood) clearly what God's judgment against sin was.
It is interesting that the LXX translates Hormah as anathema, a Greek noun referring to someone delivered over to divine wrath or curse (see Gal 1.8)
|Judges 1:18 And Judah took Gaza with its territory and Ashkelon with its territory and Ekron with its territory.
Took (lakad) means to capture, to seize, to take possession and in context carries the idea of taking possession of one's allotted territory by dispossessing its present occupants.
Note that in (Judges 1:17) they "utterly destroyed" Zephath but what did they do to Gaza, Ashkelon, Ekron? Why? could it be they did not want to totally destroy these towns? Interesting to speculate… the point is that they reaped it later (study where Samson's sojournings took him [Judges 13-16]).
Gaza - Gaza, Ashkelon and Ekron were 3 of the 5 major Philistine cities.
Note the text does not state they UTTERLY DESTROYED THEM! Gaza was the major Philistine city located only about 50 mi from the Holy City! So here we find one of the chief strongholds of pagan PANTHEISM (including worship of fish god Dagon) in incredibly close proximity to Jerusalem. If you don't drive out and destroy the enemies (Ex 23:28, 33:2, 34:11, 24, Lv 20:23), they will remain as thorns and snares!
Jehovah instructed Moses…
Ashkelon • Askelon - on coast ~10-12 mi N of Gaza
Apparently shortly after Joshua's death Ashkelon was captured and was briefly controlled by Judah, as evidenced by the Stele of Merneptah dated about 1220BC. This conquest, however, was not permanent. A few years later Samson killed 30 men from this city (Judges 14:19). During most of the OT, Ashkelon remained politically and militarily independent of Israel (thorn in her side fulfilling Joshua's sad prophecy in Joshua 23:13, cp Judges 2:3, Pr 22:5, Jer 12:13) but they would be ultimately destroyed (Amos 1:8, Zeph 2:4,7, Zec 9:5) Three of the golden tumors sent back with the ark by the Philistines was from these 3 unsubdued cities (1Sa 6:17). Scripture does not specify what Israel did with these golden pagan offerings!
Ekron - only ~35 mi W of Jerusalem
|Judges 1:19 Then Joshua said to the people, "You will not be able to serve the LORD, for He is a holy God. He is a jealous God; He will not forgive your transgression or your sins.
NOW THE LORD WAS WITH JUDAH AND THEY TOOK POSSESSION OF THE HILL COUNTRY BUT THEY COULD NOT DRIVE OUT THE INHABITANTS OF THE VALLEY: (Jdg 1:2; 6:12,13; Genesis 39:2,21; Joshua 1:5,9; 14:12; 2Sa 5:10; 2Ki 18:7; Ps 46:7,11; 60:12; Eccl 9:11; Is 7:14; 8:10; 41:10,14,15; Mt 1:23; Ro 8:31)
Note that the text says "they could not"… it does not say "God could not" (or "would not")! There is a big difference.
TSK note - Not because the iron chariots were too strong for Omnipotence, or because He refused to help them; but because their courage and faith failed when they saw them. (Jdg 1:27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32 Jos 7:12 Mt 14:30,31 17:19,20 Php 4:13)
See discussion below… the upshot is that diminished power is always the result of diminished/defective faith (as manifest by partial obedience or overt disobedience). Judah's failure to believe God's promises paralyzed them, producing fear and ultimately retreat. Fear of man always brings a snare (Pr 29:25) and the only way to counter our fear of the enemy (be it the world, the flesh or the devil) is by faith (See related discussion Fear, How to Handle It)
We should all be better off if we kept in mind that even in this modern age of stealth bombers and A bombs, a faithful and righteous reliance upon the Lord is the stoutest weapon in the believer's armor. Take up the shield of faith (cp Ep 6:16 -note).
BECAUSE THEY HAD IRON CHARIOTS: (Exodus 14:7-31; Joshua 11:1-9; 17:16-18; Psalms 46:9)
They were afraid because of the chariots, which had poles between the horses armed with lances which cut their way through the crowd, and the axles of the wheels were fitted with great scythes: these inventions were novel, and caused a panic, and therefore the men of Judah lost their faith in God, and so became weak and cowardly. They prayed in Jud1:1 but we see no prayer here. If they had believed in God, and gone forth in his name, the horses would soon have fled, as indeed they did when God gave his people faith. When Barak led the way with Deborah, then they smote Jabin, who had nine hundred chariots of iron.
Defeat here equates not with Judah's lack of power (cp v4 for their "power" Source), but with lack of belief -- they failed either to know what God's Word clearly stated as TRUTH (promise) in the Pentateuch (Jos 17:18, Dt 20:1, 2, 3, 4,13, 16, 17,18!) and/or they failed to walk in faith (faith is the victory [1Jn 5:4]) seeing the chariots thru the eyes of God (Heb 11:27-note) instead of focusing on the chariots. One of the dangers of victory as Judah experienced earlier in this chapter is to think too highly of self, to think that we gained the victory by our own strength. Judah surely maintained too much confidence in self. See Spurgeon's comment at end of note.
The sweet psalmist of Israel, David, confidently declared
These ancient chariots were wooden with iron fittings, perhaps axles and may have been the military reason for Israel's defeat, but disobedience to God's commands was the spiritual reason (Judges 2:1, 2, 3).
God had told them the land was theirs! What's an iron chariot to God? When a person adds something to what God has said (v1), he is not fully FOCUSED on the Lord. (He 12:2-note) His eyes are on the enemy, his circumstances. WHEN MOST OF TIME IS SPENT FOCUSING ON OUR CIRCUMSTANCES LOOK OUT! THAT'S WHEN THE DEFEAT COMES. What's a chariot to God? In Judges 4, Deborah defeats Sisera who had over 900 chariots (Jdg 4:13-note)!
We say we just can't defeat the "iron chariot" in our life. Remember the picture of Daniel in the Lion's den… his eyes weren't on the lions but on the LORD. If you're looking at the "iron chariots" in your life, then you have not implemented the power harnessed by complete obedience. Not until I come to God with a whole and undivided heart will I possess what God says I am to possess (Ep 1:3-note). Faith is always what accesses Grace and Grace is the enabling power of God. When that ENABLING POWER is not there, we will have defeat after defeat.
Gary Inrig writes that…
WHAT IS THE IRON CHARIOT IN YOUR LIFE? If you trust (and obey) God in that area, then the victory is already yours in Christ.
Judges 1:19 does not contradict (Jdg 1:18) for the conquered cities of Gaza, Ashkelon, and Ekron were situated in "the valley" or coastal plain. (V19) only indicates that after the initial victories in "the valley" the Israelites were unable to hold these cities were forced back into the hill country where the Canaanites were unable to use chariots against them.
Charles Spurgeon has the following analysis writing that…
Boundaries of the 12 Tribes
|Judges 1:21 But the sons of Benjamin did not drive out the Jebusites who lived in Jerusalem; so the Jebusites have lived with the sons of Benjamin in Jerusalem to this day.
BUT THE SONS OF BENJAMIN DID NOT DRIVE OUT THE JEBUSITES WHO LIVED IN JERUSALEM: (Jdg 1:8, 21, Jos 15:63)
Did not - This is a sad refrain in the book of Judges (and I fear too often in our lives [including mine!] as believers!
Did not drive out = Jdg 1:21, 28, 30, 31, 32, 33-note
Joshua had defeated "the king of Jerusalem" (Jos 12:7,10), but apparently did not destroy the Jebusites. Judah fought against Jerusalem and captured it and struck it (Judges 1:8). The Jebusites apparently later returned to reoccupy their city. It was not until David's time that they were finally expelled permanently from Jerusalem (2Sa 5:5, 6, 7, 8, 9).'
The zeal of Israel did not long continue. In fact, all that follows after the campaign of Judah and Simeon is a record of failure and neglect, with the single exception of the taking of Bethel by the house of Joseph.
SO THE JEBUSITES HAVE LIVED WITH THE SONS OF BENJAMIN IN JERUSALEM TO THIS DAY (Judges 3:5, 6, 7, 8-note note the results) (note what God said He would do Ex 23:23, Dt 7:1,16, Ex 34:11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16):
Benjamin, Ephraim, Manasseh, Zebulun, Asher, Naphtali, and Dan all failed to overcome the enemy and had to allow these godless nations to continue living in their tribal territories. This series of tribal defeats was the first indication that Israel was no longer walking by faith and trusting God to give them victory.
The priests possessed a copy of the Book of Deuteronomy and were commanded to read it publicly to the nation every Sabbatical Year during the Feast of Tabernacles (Dt 31:9, 10, 11, 12, 13, see esp Dt 31:12, cp Jos 1:8-note, Josh 8:34, 35). Had they been faithful to do their job, the spiritual leaders would have read Dt7:1,2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12ff and warned the Israelites not to spare their pagan neighbors. The priests also would have reminded the people of God's promises that He would help them defeat their enemies (Dt 31:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). It was by receiving and obeying the Book of the Law that Joshua had grown in faith and courage (Jos 1:1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9; Ro 10:17-note), and that same Word (if obeyed) would have enabled the new generation to overcome their enemies and claim their inheritance.
|Judges 1:22 Likewise the house of Joseph went up against Bethel, and the LORD was with them.
LIKEWISE THE HOUSE OF JOSEPH WENT UP AGAINST BETHEL (The house - Nu 1:10,32; Jos 14:4; 16:1, 2, 3, 4; 1Chr 7:29; Re 7:8)
Bethel - Ge 28:19 - 12mi N of Jerusalem
The action now centers in central Palestine. Bethel is mentioned more often in the Bible than any other city except Jerusalem.
Note that in the ritual of Ge 48:5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, Manasseh and Ephraim, Jacob's grandsons, were adopted so as to be legally his own sons. Therefore their descendants became two tribes in Israel. The adoption is reminiscent of Nuzi Law. Manasseh the older son and Ephraim substituted for Joseph and Levi in the 12 tribe territorial allocation in the Promised Land.
AND THE LORD WAS WITH THEM (Jos 17:18, Dt 20:1, Jdg 1:19; Ge 49:24; 2Ki 18:7)
This is the key phrase in physical warfare as described here and in spiritual warfare for NT saints (cp Ro 8:31-note).
The Psalmist rightly testifies that…
|Judges 1:23 And the house of Joseph spied out Bethel (now the name of the city was formerly Luz).
House of Joseph - Phrase used in Jos. 17:17; 18:5; Jdg. 1:22, 23, 35; 2 Sam. 19:20; 1 Ki. 11:28; Amos 5:6; Obad. 1:18; Zech. 10:6
Luz (almond tree) The ancient name of a royal Canaanite city near the site of Bethel (Ge 28:19; 35:6), on the border of Benjamin (Jos 18:13). Here Jacob halted, and had a prophetic vision.
|Judges 1:27 But Manasseh did not take possession of Beth-shean and its villages, or Taanach and its villages, or the inhabitants of Dor and its villages, or the inhabitants of Ibleam and its villages, or the inhabitants of Megiddo and its villages; so the Canaanites persisted in living in that land.
BUT MANASSEH DID NOT TAKE POSSESSION (drive out, dispossess) (Jos 17:11, 12, 13 ):
Manasseh - This is actually the "half tribe of Manasseh" located on the Western side of the Jordan River. The tribe of Joseph was composed of Ephraim and Manasseh, and Manasseh was divided into two half tribes, one on the Eastern side of the Jordan (this territory included Bashan and was N of Gad (their territory often referred to as "Gilead"), in turn N of Reuben. The other half tribe of Manasseh was on the Western side of the Jordan and included Shechem, Beth-Shan, Megiddo.
See most likely why they did not take possession and also note Joshua's charge to them in [Jos 17:15, 16, 17, 18] Note esp that Joshua says they have "great power"! (Jos 17:17) Now compare what God said to Israel in {Dt 20:1, 3, 4, esp Dt 20:3,4!}. Where are God's "priests" today (cp 1Pe 2:5-note, 1Pe 2:9-note, Rev 1:6-note; Rev 5:10-note) who are crying out to God's people "Do not be fainthearted. Do not be afraid, or panic, or tremble before (your enemies)… God is the One Who goes with you, to fight for you against your enemies, to save you."? Remember [1Sa 17:47, 2Co 10:3, 4, 5-note, Ep 6:10-note, Ep 6:11-note, Ep 6:12-note].
Note that Beth-Shean was located at a critical geographic juncture just south of the Sea of Galilee, serving as the most important fortress guarding any Jordan River crossing. It was also at the East end of the Jezreel Valley (Valley of Megiddo) and thus on a road that carried heavy traffic from Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea to Damascus. Egyptian troops were stationed there well into the twelfth century.
When Saul was defeated the Philistines (they controlled Beth-shan at that time) took his decapitated body and ignominiously hung it on the wall at Beth-Shan (note absence of "e" in "shean" but still same city - 1Sa 31:10). God had warned that if they did not completely destroy their enemies, that these enemies would be as thorns in their side (Nu 33:55, Jos 23:13, Jud 2:3, Pr 22:5)! With the disgrace and humiliation of their first king, Saul, Israel had tragically reaped what they had sown! Do not be deceived. God is not mocked. Let him who has ears hear what the Spirit is saying. (Galatians 6:7,8). Archaeologists have found many cult objects at Beth-shean suggesting it was a center of snake worship!
OR TAANACH AND ITS VILLAGES (daughters): (Judges 5:19)
Note that each place the NASB translates "villages" the Hebrew is "BATH" which is also translated "daughters". When used with a town it can mean have reference to satellite villages (as if they are "daughters"). But what is very interesting is that the LXX translates "bath" using "thugater" the Greek word for daughter… one wonders if there is a play on words here? (cp Dt 7:3, 4). Also Greek has a specific word ("kome") which means "village" and that could have been used. Keep in mind I am just speculating so be a Berean.
Taanach was 5 mi SE of Megiddo, and the two cities frequently are mentioned together (cf. Jdg 5:19).
Dor - Canaanite town on the Mediterranean coast S of Mt Carmel and about 8 mi N of Caesarea. Captured by Joshua (Jos 11:2; 12:7,23; 1Chr 7:29) and assigned to Manasseh (Jos 17:11).Its people were tributary to King Solomon (1Ki 4:11).
The ruins of Ibleam are identified with a site about 12 miles SE of Megiddo, at the southern end of the Jezreel Valley near Dothan
The cities formed an E to W line of Canaanite fortifications along the plain of Esdraelon. The king of Megiddo is included among the 31 kings conquered by Joshua (Jos 12:21).In the days of Deborah and Barak, the Canaanite military strength under Jabin, king of Hazor, was gathered in the vicinity of Megiddo, and the battle of Taanach, "near the waters of Megiddo" (Jdg 5:19-note), was celebrated in their famous song.
Megiddo, located on the main route from Egypt to the north (the "way of the sea"), controlled the pass at the entrance to the Jezreel Valley. It too remained under Egyptian domination till about 1150 B.C.
The valiant but foolish King Josiah tried to intercept Pharaoh Necho at Megiddo in 609bc Necho was on his way to assist the Assyrians and, hopefully, prevent their imminent collapse. Josiah reckoned that Judah would be safer once the Assyrian power was finally crushed, but he was killed in the first encounter in the plain before the city (2Ki 23:29, 30; 2Chr 35:22, 23, 24).
SO THE CANAANITES PERSISTED IN LIVING IN THAT LAND: (Ex 23:31,32, 33, Dt 7:2, Ps 106:34,35)
Persisted (ya'al) means to make a volitional decision to commence a given activity and clearly indicates the function of one's mind to initiate. It also conveys the nuance of determination and resolve. This "persistence" of the "cancer cells" would cost Israel dearly.
F B Meyer
|Judges 1:28 And it came about when Israel became strong, that they put the Canaanites to forced labor, but they did not drive them out completely.
LXX translates with Greek word phoros = tribute paid to a foreign ruler whether levied on houses, lands, or persons (Lu20.22). Incompleteness of the destruction of the Canaanites
Moses earlier had instructed the nation to use the residents of peaceful cities near Canaan as FORCED LABORERS, but the peoples of Canaan were to be totally destroyed (Dt 20:11-17).
Instead of expelling these enclaves which Israel was perfectly able to do she put them to forced labor, in violation of Jehovah's commands. The picture Judges 1 demonstrates that Israel was largely in control of Canaan, clearly successful and yet disobedient. Pragmatic success and spiritual failure — a sad combination. Believers of every age much take heed for it is possible for the believer to demonstrate the marks of success and yet be a failure in the eyes of God. Christian success (whether in secular business or in an ostensibly "successful" church) does not necessarily equate with pleasing God.
Ralph Davis comments that Judges 1 underscores the importance of faithfulness in the "small" things writing that…
BUT THEY DID NOT DRIVE THEM OUT COMPLETELY: Compare Judges 1:30,33,35
Seven times we read that they did not drive them out completely. (Jdg 1:27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33).
It is interesting to note that Jos 10:40 reports that Joshua had "utterly destroyed all that breathed, as the LORD God of Israel commanded (Jos 11:14,15). In the early part of his conquests, Joshua evidently swept rapidly through the southern cities, destroying everyone he encountered. Presumably there were many who escaped by hiding in the hills or elsewhere. Furthermore, the conquest of northern and western regions was never completed. So the an evil seed in the form of remnants of the various Canaanite nations obviously remained and either retained or regained enough strength to cause great problems to Israel during the period of the judges. And isn't this the nature of sin not totally vanquished? Sin is deceitful (Heb 3:13-note). It ever seeks by subterfuge or overt conquest to take over the control center of our heart (Ro 6:12,13-see notes Ro 6:12; 13). Thus vigilance against and merciless destruction of the sin in our hearts (Mt 5:29, 30-see notes Mt 5:29; 30) is mandatory for he who who walk uprightly with the Lord.
Davis notes that…
|Judges 1:30 Zebulun did not drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, or the inhabitants of Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and became subject to forced labor.
So - Introduces the result.
Among them - Right in their midst; LXX = mesos = in the middle of , cp Jdg 1:29, 30, 32,33)
Hebrew "qereb" which means primarily in the midst of by the Greek word "kardia" for heart (seat of physical, spiritual, mental life)! That is not the Gk word used here but the thought is still is worth pondering. What occupies the middle of your heart?
Note the progression.
Failure to drive out
Lived in middle of
Integrated into their work (life)
This progressive insidious infiltration of the evil Canaanites reminds me of the little saying…
Sow an act, and you reap a habit.
Sow a habit and you reap a character.
Sow a character and you reap a destiny
for yourself
your family
your church
your world.
|Judges 1:31 Asher did not drive out the inhabitants of Acco, or the inhabitants of Sidon, or of Ahlab, or of Achzib, or of Helbah, or of Aphik, or of Rehob.
Acco - Mediterranean seaport N of Mt Carmel. NT city of Ptolemais or present-day Acre. Acco, the Ptolemais of the Greeks and Romans (Acts 21:7), and called Saint John of Acre by the Crusaders, is situated on the Mediterranean, in a fine plain, at the north angle of a bay to which it gives name, and which extends in a semicircle of three leagues as far as Carmel, and nine leagues from Tyre.
The northern part of Asher's territory became known as Phoenicia. Here the cities of Tyre and Sidon led a strong Canaanite culture with its vigorous Baal worship. Their culture and religion had a strong influence on Israel, especially during the reigns of Solomon and Ahab = Jezebel came from Phoenicia and married Ahab, introducing Baal worship into Israel (1Ki 16:31) and thus Asher reaped for Israel what she had sown (Gal 6:7,8, cp Hos 8:7,10:13).
|Judges 1:32 So the Asherites lived among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land; for they did not drive them out.
Among the Canaanites - in their midst; LXX = mesos = in the middle of , cp Jdg 1:29, 30, 32,33) (Ps 106:34,35)
FOR THEY DID NOT DRIVE THEM OUT (take possession, dispossess):
|Judges 1:33 Naphtali did not drive out the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh, or the inhabitants of Beth-anath, but lived among the Canaanites, the inhabitants of the land; and the inhabitants of Beth-shemesh and Beth-anath became forced labor for them.
Beth Shemesh: "house of the sun" probably derives from a place where the Semitic god Shemesh (Shamash) was worshiped. Another more famous Beth Shemesh was located in Judah (1Samuel 6).
Did not drive out = Jdg 1:19, 21, 29, 30, 31, 33, 2:21
Beth Anath: Contains the name of Anath, the Canaanite goddess of war and both consort and sister of Baal.
Canaanites are a picture of the world which is intractably, irrevocably opposed to Jehovah, His Word and His sheep. To live among them as "friends" is to invite sure disaster to our soul. This does not at all rule out "friendship evangelism", which in fact is the "Jesus Way" (cp Lk 4:18, 19, Mt 9:10, 11, 12, 13). It is merely a word of caution that we maintain our separateness (not "weirdness") and not "assimilate" with their anti-god mindset and actions.
Lived among (literally remained or dwelt in the midst - Lxx = katoikeo = used repeatedly in the Revelation of those who choose the world over God -Rev 6:10; 8:13; 11:10; 13:8, 12, 14; 17:2, 8 - See discussion of Earth Dwellers and also here) = Jdg 1:30 1:32 1:33 3:5. Jesus prayed for His sheep to be in the world but not of the world…
Forced labor = Jdg 1:28, 30, 33, 35. This speaks of the inevitable bondage to sin (Ro 6:16-note, Jn 8:34, Pr 5:22-note, 2Pe 2:19-note) when we chose to commit adultery with the world (Jas 4:4-note)
|Judges 1:34 Then the Amorites forced the sons of Dan into the hill country, for they did not allow them to come down to the valley;
Forced (lachats) means to exert pressure, as pictured by Balaam's donkey squeezing his foot against a wall (Nu 22:25) or of holding a door shut (2Ki 6:32). In the present context lachats describes how the Amorites restricted the Danites to the hill country.
LXX = ekthlibo = squeezed much, greatly distressed = a vivid picture of what happens when one refuses God's will and His way (His provision of power).
Like all other tribes, Dan had a territory given them, but they failed to claim the power of God to conquer that territory. Later they capitulated even more by accepting defeat and migrating to another territory in the N, becoming idolatrous (Jdg 18). One wonders if Dan's blatant rebellion in failing to lay hold of what God promised them has anything to do with their not being mentioned in the list of tribes in [Re 7:4, 5, 6f - see notes]?
Dan was eventually forced to search for new territory to the N (Judges 18:1-31), doing what appeared right in their own eyes (though it was wrong in God's eyes). The Danites felt that the boundary lines had not fallen for them "in pleasant places" (Ps 16:6). Their desire to move in (Judges 18:1-31) revealed a lack of faith in the Lord who had allotted to them their original territory. How many of us are like Dan? We have been given all things necessary for life and godliness, we have Christ in us the hope of glory, and yet we still find ourselves squeezed by our circumstances, grumbling at the lot the Lord has given us?
These facts taken together may suggest that the events in Jdg 17-note and Jdg 18 occurred relatively early in the 300+ year period of Judges. Samson however was the last judge (excepting Samuel) in this book and chronologically appears to be near the end of the 300 years of cycles. There may have been a small remnant of Dan remaining in the region of their original possession.
|Judges 1:35 yet the Amorites persisted in living in Mount Heres, in Aijalon and in Shaalbim; but when the power of the house of Joseph grew strong, they became forced labor.
YET THE AMORITES PERSISTED IN LIVING IN MOUNT HERES IN AIJALON AND IN SHAALBIM: (Jdg 12:12; Jos 10:12) (Jos 19:42; 1Ki 4:9)
Heres - on border between Judah and Dan
In successive phases of Israel's history Aijalon was inhabited by Danites (who could not expel the Amorites), Ephraimites and Benjaminites (Jos 19:42; Jdg 1:35; 1Chr 6:69; 8:13).
BUT WHEN THE POWER OF THE HOUSE OF JOSEPH GREW STRONG, THEY BECAME FORCED LABOR (Judges 1:30, 33, 35, Jos 17:13):
Amorites became forced labor - The darkness is no match for the light (cp Jn 1:5 = The light can never be conquered or overcome because it keeps on shining [present tense]. The darkness continually attempts to overcome [or comprehend] the light, but is unsuccessful.)
|Judges 1:36 And the border of the Amorites ran from the ascent of Akrabbim, from Sela and upward.
Ascent of Akrabbim: Fittingly this name means "ascent of scorpions"!
This final statement in the chapter shows how much land was in the hands of the Amorites. The "Ascent of Akrabbim" (cf. NIV mg.), or "Scorpion Pass," is located south of the Dead Sea, at the southern border of the Promised Land (Jos 15:2, 3).
FROM SELA AND UPWARD: (Isa 16:1 Obadiah 1:3 2Ki 14:7)
Sela ("the rock") also known as Petra - This famous rock city was the capital of Edom. The Edomites thought it was a completely safe fortress, almost impregnable because some of the surrounding cliffs are 2,000 ft high and because of the very narrow gorges which were its only access routes. Pride in human ingenuity (Ob 1:3) and security is blind to the matter of God's all-seeing eye. Such pride is antithetical to the person of God. Edom also controlled the chief trade routes between Asia and Egypt, becoming very prosperous because of close proximity to the King's Highway.
|F B Meyer…


text:
520 Iron
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PSYCHOANALYSIS Edited by Professor Dr Sigm. Freud editors : Dr. S. Ferenczi, Budapest, VII. Elisabethring 54/ Dr. Otto Rank, Vienna IX / 4, Simondenkgasse 8 Verlag Hugo Heller & C °, Vienna, The. Farmers Market N ° 3 Subscription Price : year-round (6 Notebooks, 36-40 Bow) K 21.60 = MK. 18.
Potato, the 30 November 1914
Dear Professor,
The only disruption in our relationships - not quite negligible - due to the analysis begun manifests itself in this that I find difficult to match the tone for our. I oscillate between an ordinary letter and confession analytical writing, until resistance is expressed in this oscillation prevails, and the letter is not written at all.
You to share was a way to escape this difficulty. But you will understand and forgive you if, in my letters, self-centeredness of the neurotic lasts a long time.
I must tell you immediately experience this order, quite subjective, and yet in relation to world events. A lieutenant of hussars came today and told that Miskolcz military hospitals there had been evacuated. Nothing that the war has so far not terrible product gave me a strong impression that a new danger threatening the city of my fathers (more precisely : threatening, car this danger-in the meantime there seems to have been removed). You can imagine how this striking proof of my childhood attachment to the homeland surprised me. The rest, you again demonstrating your theory, namely that in fact, there is no love of country [Patriotism], but only a love of the city father ("Paternal love of the city") [Hometown love], There arise opportunities socio- interesting psychological on intimate relationship between narcissism and local patriotism on the one hand, between object-love and internationalism on the other. Being born and being raised in a small town has an inhibitory effect - it seems - on the development, in the sense of fixing the patriotism narcissistic.
The work I undertook (the translation of the Theory of Sexuality)1 advances only slowly. Disturbances of all kinds. Sometimes the hostess (Madame la Comtesse Eszterhazy, née Andrassy 2) arrived here in the meantime, comes and invites me to chat with her, sometimes I'm called to the barracks as a medical advisor for the commander polypragmatique * recently installed. More, obviously, I gladly let me disturb and do not rush back to my table.
I must admit that the news of your hard work did not only brought joy, but also a bit of shame to my lifestyle. It was not until the last few days (probably under the influence of the change in command) I think more often untenable character of this. Prospects for change are still very uncertain.
The latest theory sexual surprised me for a very small proportion, since most of the changes were already in preparation ; I pushed myself through the drawing up of certain details (and the reciprocal influence of erogenous zones and their relation to the sublimation)3, in a formulation less successful. In any of your works of scientific accuracy and objectivity dispassionate not expressed as clearly as in the theory of sexuality. We feel that every word is weighed more accurate ; it is the backbone of the entire edifice of psychoanalysis. The translation gives me great pleasure ; in this way, it 'owns' the work, so to speak.
Great discoveries you speak the more acute my eagerness to get to Vienna. However, it is impossible to know when I can leave, because we expect a visit from a general. Est-il Qu'en your project to come here some day ? One way or another : I want to read soon the great clinical history and hear about the great discoveries. Although my productivity has dried (definitely not, I hope), my understanding of the creations of others is not yet lost, at least not for now. - The railway between Vienna and Dad is very convenient - the outward and return. Please be advised that all trains contained in the indicator do not move between Györ and Dad, I'll tell you exactly which soon.
I end this letter, because I'm at all times threatened to skid on the analytically.
Just this again : the idea of a link between the announcement of the death 4 and Jung's prophecy actually comes from Mrs. G., but I have not rejected. The other idea (la guerre, etc.), I had also, also. (Clearly a piece of this vision ** qu'a the son for the death of father !) My "occult" is clearly separated from the rest of knowledge and do not in any way interfere ; it is free of any mysticism.
Sincerely !
Should I publish the dream of columns salt and analytical interpretation of Lot's wife turned into a pillar of salt ? I interpret your silence about this as a sign that you did not like ; or is it that I'm wrong ?
* We retain the term coined by Ferenczi, which could have the meaning of "versatile".
** In French in the text.
- T see. The, 284 Iron and notes 8.
- Ilona Andrassy (1886-1967), Pal wife Eszterhazy (see 549 Iron and notes 1).
- See Freud 1905d : Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality, on. cit. It is about the sublimation p. 70-71 and p. 178. However, Freud took over two passages from the first edition without changing.
- Emanuel, half-brother of Freud.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Patrick A.
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I Made a Goal
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 4 People
My Goal to Get My Daughter BackWhen I first joined EP I made a goal to get my daughter back. I made an appointment with an attorney to file a petition and he made it seem to me I would have no problem regaining custody. My oldest brother called and offered money to me to pay the attorney. Well, he called me...
scootie 31-35, F 1 Response 0 May 8, 2008
1863 MilesI made a goal. I need to get back to running regularly. I will never look like a runway model in France. But I have finally come to the realization that I need to exercise to live. I have an extensive family history of heart problems. Both of my grandmothers had their first heart...
Familyof10 41-45, F 0 Dec 2, 2013
1863 MilesI hate exercising! I am not a natural athlete, I'm short, I'm chubby, I have to try to talk myself into not quitting with every single step! But, I love having exercised! I love that moment when I realize that, even though my body screamed at me to quit the entire time, my mind...
Familyof10 41-45, F 0 Dec 3, 2013
I'm a little annoyed with myself,but I didn't run wed, thurs, and fri. I was busy and distracted, but then 6 miles again on sat. That makes 18 for the week 1845 left.
Familyof10 41-45, F 0 Dec 9, 2013
1863I'm not being perfect about it,but still trying. I've worked up to 60 miles now (since Dec 2nd) 1803 left.
Familyof10 41-45, F 0 Dec 22, 2013


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Leinster v Ulster: Iain Henderson's fitness can lift gloom for Ulster
Europe may have been unkind to Ulster last week but Les Kiss' men find themselves in relatively rude health ahead of their return to PRO12 action against Leinster on Friday.
With the bitter taste of Champions Cup disappointment lingering, it is a game both sides would dearly love to win and one that will see the victor take hold of an all-important top four place entering December.
Following surgery on a finger injury sustained during Ireland's World Cup campaign, Iain Henderson played his first game of the season for the province in the comprehensive home defeat to Saracens last Friday.
The 23-year-old came through 80 minutes of action at blindside flanker with no ill effects and is in line for another key role at the RDS this weekend.
Elsewhere, Luke Marshall played for the Ulster A team in their British and Irish Cup loss to Bedford on Saturday, the centre's first appearance since thumb surgery in October ruled him out for six weeks.
Andrew Warwick went the distance in that game in his return from the injured eye socket picked up during Ulster's last inter-provincial away trip against Munster at the end of October.
Read more:
Belfast Telegraph Sports Awards 2015: Top quality race for Coach of Year title
Long-term absentees Tommy Bowe (knee), Jared Payne (foot) and Stuart Olding (knee) are now the only members of the squad carrying significant knocks with the latter pair expected to be back on the paddock next month and in the New Year respectively.
Leinster were handed a fitness boost of their own yesterday ahead of the meeting in Dublin, where Ulster have a poor recent record, with the news that fullback Rob Kearney was expected to take part.
The two-time Lion missed the province's European defeats to Wasps and Bath over the last fortnight with a hamstring strain but should be ready to reclaim his No.15 jersey.
Scrum coach John Fogarty revealed: "Rob Kearney looks like he is good to go for this weekend, he was close last weekend.
"He comes back into the fold again, let's see his energy and what he can add.
"This week we're under no illusions about the test in what is a local battle. Our eyes will be wide open.
"Ulster are going to be enthused to come down to the RDS and do a good job. I'm sure they're smarting from their loss so we're going to have two angry packs going at it this weekend.
"We're going to step away from the Champions Cup now and put our eyes on Ulster and the PRO12. We're fourth at the moment and we want to improve on that position."
While the elder Kearney is back in the fold, the concussions suffered by Sean O'Brien, Mike McCarthy and Richardt Strauss continue to be monitored ahead of the team announcement on Thursday.
With Eoin Reddan dropped from the 23 for the loss at the Rec on Saturday, and Luke McGrath offering a brighter showing off the bench than starter, and former Ulsterman, Isaac Boss, Leo Cullen also has a decision to make at scrum-half.
Ireland flanker Rhys Ruddock, who travelled to the World Cup as a late replacement and appeared off the bench in the quarter-final loss to Argentina, has said both teams will be out with a point to prove.
"We have a massive challenge against Ulster and we know how difficult it will be, but if we want to take any positives we have to start this weekend," he said.
"It seems like two teams with a point to prove, playing for the same position in the league and both teams will approach it with the same attitude and look to stamp their authority on the game.
"It's not really about looking ahead there; if we don't perform well this week and next week, and make those improvements, it's not going to happen just because it's the Champions Cup. It's about the short term and we need the performance this week."
"Once you bring all the little pieces together, and do it with the right attitude, you can definitely up the performance by five to 10 per cent each week.
"We've got a good run going into the next couple of games; we'll be tested but I think we can learn a lot and make big improvements."
Belfast Telegraph


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We've been big fans of Luke Christopher for a while now, and he recently dropped close to a dozen new tracks on his SoundCloud. After listening, Atlas has come out as a Crosseworks favorite, with a laid back beat and great flow from Luke Chris. If you like what you hear, be sure to check out more on his channel.
Found this song watching StringKing's MLL Championship video which, as a sidenote, was an incredible video. Really great camera work and as you can tell, I loved the soundtrack. Back to the song, great beat behind a classic Ludacris rap. The song is available for free download as well. Check out more from Big Wild on their SoundCloud.
A fitting name for the song, Kids Want Techno's remix of 'Summer' truly is a great vibe for the season. While I'm not the biggest fan of their name, KWT produces some really great tracks, and this is one of my favorites. Be sure to check out their others on their SoundCloud if you like their style, I'm sure you won't be disappointed.
Possible song of the summer? Saint WKND came out with their remix of Saint Motel's 'My Type' about a month ago, and it's been on repeat for me ever since. Really great vibes, and a nice classic house sound. Perfect for the beach, and possibly a Crosseworks video sometime soon. Check out more by Saint WKND on his SoundCloud channel.
I've been a fan of Kasum for a while, and it's about time we feature him on CrosseMusic. Really any of his recent songs are great, such as his Kanye remix featured in our Thompson highlight reel, and he just released a new edit of Blink 182's Adam's Song. Great drop, perfect locker room music. Be sure to check out the rest of his stuff on his SoundCloud stream.
Opportunity be knockin'. The new single from Action Bronson dropped a few days back and has been blowing up ever since. The former chef definitely has a unique sound, and the song is one of his best. Be sure to check out the rest of Action's stuff on his SoundCloud.


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About Us
Great companies begin with a genuine idea and a passion to fuel it. Our idea is to make the snowboarding industry a greener, more sustainable practice. The inspiration behind it; mah nature and her beautiful environments, and the unprecedented desire to create. In 2014, that inspiration lead us to found Powe. Snowboards to change the way we think about snowboarding and the snowsports industry.
Combining environmentally conscious materials, real environmental actions, community involvement, and high end art, we are helping to strengthen our connection with nature and point the industry in the right direction. Designed to be suitable backcountry and all mountain disciplines, our snowboards are lightweight, flexible, durable and have the most unique graphics in the game.
With genuine love for the winter and all it offers, we have set out to create a network of local businesses, students, schools, and snowboard teams from VT to CO, to spread the joy our winter and environment bring.
The idea of being an eco-friendly, responsible, and caring company is what has made Powe. Snowboards what it is today. Operated and owned by a passionate group of young individuals with ambition to make the world a better place, we want to rally the community around winter and Keep our sport alive.


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|12 Dec 2013
BSOD 0x0000001e while installing Intell SSD Toolbox
I just cloned and installed an Intel SSD 520 and when I try to install the Intel SSD Toolbox v3.1.9. I get a BSOD of 0x0000001e every time. I ran the SF Diagnostic and uploaded the output.
|My System Specs
|12 Dec 2013
Microsoft Windows 10 Pro Insider Preview 64-bit
Hi dreamland95.
The BSODs are caused by Acronis Snapshots Manager (c:\windows\system32\drivers\snapman.sys)
BugCheck 1E, {0, 0, 0, 0} *** WARNING: Unable to verify timestamp for snapman.sys *** ERROR: Module load completed but symbols could not be loaded for snapman.sys Probably caused by : snapman.sys ( snapman+1cf09 ) Followup: MachineOwner ---------
fffff880`01af5000 fffff880`01b2e000 snapman T (no symbols) Loaded symbol image file: snapman.sys Image path: \SystemRoot\system32\DRIVERS\snapman.sys Image name: snapman.sys Timestamp: Fri Jul 13 15:33:12 2007 (46974DE0) CheckSum: 0003AE9A ImageSize: 00039000 Translations: 0000.04b0 0000.04e4 0409.04b0 0409.04e4
Free up the startup. Windows does not need any other program to auto start with it, but the auto start programs often conflicts and causes various problems including BSODs.
Let us know the results.
|My System Specs
|12 Dec 2013
Hi, thanks for your help. I removed the Acronis programs and a bunch of others that I wasn't using anymore. I forgot that I once tried to install a Samsung SSD and had loaded the Acronis Samsung program and forgot to remove it. I'm pretty sure that was conflicting with the Intel toolbox. Now I'm having issues with the motherboard when I tried to add a couple usb ports on the back and somehow it corrupted the C drive. I'm just starting to research that one. Thanks again.
|My System Specs
|Thread Tools
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GraphicRiver Harvest Festival CD Artwork Template 6879663
Category: Print Template | Comment: ( 0 )
GraphicRiver Harvest Festival CD Artwork Template 6879663
Print Template \ CD & DVD artwork
Church \ Template \ Marketing \ Designs \ Maple \ Orange \ Loswl \ Sermon \ Inspiks
Print Template - Harvest Festival CD Artwork Template 6879663 by loswl @ GraphicRiver
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Stop and listen. You need to know that Northampton township, Pennsylvania has become a top town for appetizing, healthy food. Savory and salty find a way to exist in harmony, just like the fine people in Pennsylvania.
This forgotten stretch within the Keystone State may not win a bunch of cooking magazine awards. No matter though! All that being said, real Pennsylvanians would never compare their gastronomic greatness with other regions.
Earth oligarchs wouldn't know good Pennsylvania grub if it smacked them right in the kisser. Imagine that image! Maybe you are feeling like a classic bacon burger. Or perhaps you prefer a trendy eatery for your date night. Either way, this list has you covered.
Weekender tourists to Pennsylvania will be amazed at how these chefs use totally authentic ingredients like sweet potatoes, dairy and mushrooms and other ingredients from nearby Huntingdon, Mifflin and Jefferson counties. Why not celebrate the good life and support the local economy?
Can we now settle the debate about the best restaurant in Pennsylvania? Are you hungry yet? This list will leave any gourmand hangry for more.
Guru's Indian Cuisine
Read more on Yelp
12 Cambridge Ln
Newtown, PA 18940


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Guns N' Roses: Live Tokyo '92 Trailer (1992)
14 April 1992
The Use Your Illusion Tour was a concert tour by the rock band Guns N' Roses which ran from January 20, 1991 to July 17, 1993. It was not only the band's longest tour, but one of the longest concert tours in rock history, consisting of 198 shows in 31 countries. It was also a source of much infamy for the band, due to riots, late starts, cancellations and outspoken rantings by Axl Rose.
Watch the official Guns N' Roses: Live Tokyo '92 1992 trailer in HD below or find more Guns N' Roses: Live Tokyo '92 videos on Vidimovie.


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TNPSC Group 2a Questions Answers: General Tamil 7.7.2017 (Dinamalar) PDF
TNPSC Group II A Services 2017 Model Questions Answers By Dinamalar (Powered By National Institute of Banking, Madurai). TNPSC Group 2a Questions Answers: General Tamil.
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Alain L.
Beijing, China, ____
Joined on February, 2014
Gender: Male
Average Rating:
Any day at any time
Lives Near:
Can Meet:
Up to 1 hour away for no additional charge
EducationPhD in linguistics
Master in Linguistics
ExperienceI taught in 4 French universities (Nice, Aix-en-Provence, La Rochelle, Nantes).
I taught in 5 Chinese universities (Guangzhou, Wuhan, Shanghai, Beijing)
From bachelor to master degree levels.
HobbiesNew technologies
Preferred Subjects
Academic French, Professional French, Communication, Translation from Chinese to French, French culture, Chinese culture
Inquire about this tutor
The tutor will respond if they are available/interested.


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This project is used in production at Twitter (and many other organizations), and is being actively developed and maintained.
Getting involved
- Website: https://twitter.github.io/finagle/
- Source: https://github.com/twitter/finagle/
- Mailing List: email@example.com
#finagleon Freenode
Finagle is an extensible RPC system for the JVM, used to construct high-concurrency servers. Finagle implements uniform client and server APIs for several protocols, and is designed for high performance and concurrency. Most of Finagle's code is protocol agnostic, simplifying the implementation of new protocols.
For extensive documentation, please see the user guide and API documentation websites. Documentation improvements are always welcome, so please send patches our way.
The following are a few of the companies that are using Finagle:
For a more complete list, please see our adopter page. If your organization is using Finagle, consider adding a link there and sending us a pull request!
master branch of this repository contains the latest stable release of
Finagle, and weekly snapshots are published to the
develop branch. In general
pull requests should be submitted against
develop. See
for more details about how to contribute.


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I offer the Full Pathway cataract surgery package for Bupa customers ...more
I offer Bupa customers standard cataract surgery on the Full Pathway package option at BMI The Somerfield Hospital, KIMS Hospital Limited, Spire Alexandra Hospital .
This package includes your appointments before and after surgery, as well as your surgery and mono-focal lenses. It means you won't use up your out-patient benefit or receive any additional bills from your surgeon (or anaesthetist, if you need one) for eligible treatment.
Please call the Bupa Eye Care team to find out more about and to pre-authorise your treatment on 0345 600 7267.
Medical secretaries
- Ellie Mills
- 07528 181509
- email@example.com


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Paheli Trailer (2005)
24 June 2005 Drama, Thriller, Sci-Fi 141 mins
Kishanlal marries the beautiful Lachchi, but the day after the wedding, he leaves on business for five years. When Kishanlal reappears only a few days later, Lachchi is delighted, but this new Kishanlal is in fact a spirit who has taken the form of Lachchi's husband, after having seen her by chance and fallen in love with her. Four years later, the real Kishanlal returns and the townsfolk must determine who is who.
Watch the official Paheli 2005 trailer in HD below or find more Paheli videos on Vidimovie.


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Find out about our Licensee Network. We recommend that you take a look at this information before you read about the programmes which you can be trained to be licensed in.
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text: I have a need for speed most wanted save it is 1 camera away from the achievment. I have that destination set on the game the camera is just up the road to the left of that destination. I also only need 4 gates and 6 billboards. I have the top 3 racers to beat yet. I figured is a pretty good save for people to start at looking for the camera,jackspot, gate and billboard chevo's. Here is the download link http://netload.in/dateiPNRCHHDRpJ/Hawaii.sav.htm Remember to rehash and resign your id. Thanks


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Thomas Mascheroni is a photographer who is living in the north of Italy. "I'm studying for being a Graphic Designer. My passions are photographing, skating, travelling and go walking over the mountains with my friends, sometimes also alone."
Thomas uses some analogue cameras like Zenit 12XP, Zenit 122 and Nikon F 55, and his favourite film is always Kodak Gold. He has just made a film photography project called " On the top of the world" from his journey to the mountains with his friends. "In my photos I will represent the real life made by hard emotions and great moments on the tops of the world. Believe in a way to find the happiness in the concrete things, in the places, in the trees and in the wind."
See more of his work at:
Saturday, June 6, 2015
"On the Top of the World" Film Photography Project by Thomas Mascheroni
Posted by Pankha Nguyen
Labels: Featured , Mountain , Thomas Mascheroni , Travel
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