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Pope Francis has approved the practice of permitting women to have their feet washed, alongside of men, in the Holy Thursday mandatum liturgical ceremony. Francis himself has included women in the foot-washing rite, departing from the Church's established practice. Now, he has revised the norm to allow for it.
The reason for the previous male-only rule? Some have argued the following: Jesus ceremonially washed the feet of the Twelve — all men — at the Last Supper. Masculinity was a key part of their identity as the Twelve, not a triviality. What's more, the Twelve were consecrated priests at the Last Supper, at which Jesus instituted both the Eucharist and the ministerial priesthood.
The Twelve's masculinity was part of their priestly identity, too. Thus, Jesus the High Priest washed the feet of his apostles-priests to show them how to exercise priestly authority as service. Today, those whose feet are washed in the Holy Thursday liturgy represent the priestly Twelve and therefore, so the argument goes, they should be men, as the Twelve were men.
But Pope Francis has changed things. Not, of course, unchangeable Catholic teaching on the masculine nature of priestly ministry, which Francis upholds and insists he cannot alter. No, he has revised what the foot-washing ceremony represents: Rather than a ceremony about the male-only ministerial priesthood, the foot-washing ceremony now represents how all disciples should serve one another based on the example of Jesus. After all, the Twelve were apostles as well as disciples with a special role as members of Jesus' special "leadership team," the priesthood.
Some will say the stress on disciples rather than specifically priests has always been the way to see the Holy Thursday foot-washing ceremony. The 1955 restoration of the rite as part of the Mass of the Lord's Supper was, so it is said, understood as representing Jesus' example of fraternal love, not specifically priestly service. While Jesus did wash the feet of the Twelve, his first priests, at the Last Supper and his action had a priestly, consecratory aspect to it, his example and that of priestly service itself also point to how all followers of Jesus should behave, even those who aren't priests.
Meanwhile, critics of female foot-washing still maintain the importance of seeing the gift of the ministerial priesthood in the Holy Thursday context, whatever more general value the foot-washing ceremony may also have as an expression of Christian love. The ministerial priesthood, being a specifically masculine reality, should be represented by men.
Which, then, is better to stress in the Holy Thursday liturgy, the ministerial priesthood as service or the common call to service of all Christ's followers?
There's a lot to be said for the male-only practice, which is still an option under the new norm. In an age when many Catholics are confused, emphasizing the priestly ministry and its masculine nature can help clarify things. Washing the feet of 12 men underscores an essential element of priesthood. Allowing women to have their feet washed may add to contemporary confusion and give some people the false expectation of women's ordination to the priesthood. Francis himself seems to acknowledge the latter danger by directing priests to explain the change to people.
Some opponents of the change see a bright side: consistency of law and practice. For years, many Catholics have seen, and perhaps participated in, a Holy Thursday foot-washing ceremony featuring both women and men, despite Vatican reminders of the contrary norm. Indeed, some people probably only learned of the previous male-only norm when news broke of the change. Other opponents of change see here only another dark cloud, rather than a silver lining: a reinforcement of the idea that if you don't like a liturgical norm, just keep breaking it and eventually the Church's leaders will capitulate. Meanwhile, those who were obedient, often in the face of fierce criticism, may wonder why they bothered.
In any event, despite the official change, for many Catholics, this coming Holy Thursday liturgy's foot-washing ceremony will be practically the same. Only now the washing of women's feet will be "legal." Let's hope that sound explanations of the change will be forthcoming and further misunderstandings are not. Otherwise, the fraternal love the foot-washing ceremony is supposed to represent may be undermined by another agenda.
Mark Brumley is the president of Ignatius Press.
As I understand, one of the points of the "Article" (and comments) is that some women feel like they are "second class" members of the Church and so they want to be treated the same as the men: i.e., get their feet washed on Holy Thursday; I've even heard women say they should be able to be ordained priests! It's sad, very sad. We women should keep in mind that a WOMAN carried the ETERNAL SON OF THE FATHER in her womb and brought HIM to birth—(A "man" had nothing to do with it!) As for Pope Francis' example of late—washing women's feet on Holy Thursday, I just wonder….JESUS anointed the feet of MEN, the MEN whom HE ordained HIS first PRIESTS and told to "WASH EACH OTHER'S FEET." From what I understand (and observed during most of my life—up until more recently), all through the History of the Church, the Washing of the Feet on Holy Thursday was only at CATHEDRALS. It was a "re-presentation"—by the Bishop with 12 of his PRIESTS—of what JESUS DID with HIS 12 APOSTLES AT THE LAST SUPPER. Now, in these last, comparatively few years, this RE-ENACTMENT of the LAST SUPPER on HOLY THURSDAY has been opened up to all the Parish Churches—and women are now being admitted to the washing of the feet. Tell me, in 2016, on HOLY THURSDAY—where this is done, will this re-present what JESUS said and did among HIS first PRIEST-APOSTLES—at the LAST SUPPER???
women have had their feet washed for some time in our church IF THEY WANTED TO but not many take up the option its sometimes hard enough to get men to do it.Dont make a big song and dance about it.We have a great Maltese prist for next 3 years and he is great or should i say GREAT he has a fantastic Faith and he is so uplifting you realise how great it is to be a CATHOLIC.He tells me that it was the western church who got it wrongat Vatican 2 the Roman church didnt go to the lengths we did and have regretted a lot of what we changed. thay didnt toss the statues out of church they still understood that confession was on a one to one basis NOY general absolution…he tells me YOUR LEADERS GOT IT WRONG he said we followed the church in America and the Anglican church…..i do believe we stoped low to the Anglicans to bring them back to the fold ....
It is peculiar that those who keep insisting that women be excluded from having their feet washed, that they not be permitted to serve on the altar, that they only do this or that—serving in some particular way suited to their own limitation of what is acceptable before God are the ones here who feel the need to keep telling us over and over that Jesus really does like us, that He was not a misogynist, that we really are equal to men. Thank you for clarifying that point in your own minds—perhaps for yourselves. As for myself, I do not feel unequal or disliked or that Jesus is misogynistic. I feel very loved by Him. I do not have to be a priest to know that. I do not have to have my feet washed, or serve on the altar for it to be proven to me. On the contrary: I have been falsely accused because of His name, misrepresented and slandered and lied about at times; and yet, I felt loved by Him. I have also been mistreated for His sake, yet I still felt His love. And further, if I were to be beaten because of my love for Him—I pray that the Lord would strengthen me to endure it with power—so that like my fellow servants of the past and present, I might prove I believe in the fullness of His love to me—and that I may even rejoice that I was counted worthy to suffer for the name (Acts 5:41)!
One cannot legitimately argue that because there were only men present at the Lord's supper that only men can have their feet washed. An example of something in scripture does not automatically forbid everything else that is not included in that specific example. Unless something is specifically forbidden, we may, in fact, be able to include it. Catholic Priests are not ordained in a foot washing ceremony. The foot washing ceremony is a picture of love, humility and service to others. To link this act inexorably with the priesthood, and to say that women's participation in it is a defiance of Christ's specific teaching to His Church cannot be defended by Scripture, Tradition, or the Magisterium. To say so is also to imply that that Popes John Paul II, Benedict XVI, Francis, and the entire Church has gone astray because each has allowed women to have their feet washed.
Ursula, first of all Jesus never washed the feet of any women at any time, not because Jesus did not like women, it was the opposite He stood up for women and loved them a lot. But in His times women were not allowed to partake of certain religious ceremonies or the priesthood. This is why He chose 12 apostles (men) and by washing their feet the Lord wanted them to see that they were to serve God's people to the point of washing their feet, an expression of deep love. There is really no need for women to have their feet washed and they are not Priests or part of the Priesthood. Yet down through the history of the Church women have always played a great part in the service of God's people without ever having their feet washed. Anyone who thinks this is such an important issue are not aware of the greater picture in the service of the Lord. Ursula, you need to study Church History and the reason why only men had their feet washed. Only insure women need to partake of this on Holy Thursday. Most women do not care to have their feet washed or need to in order to Love or Serve the Lord.
Jesus washed the feet of the 12 to show them that they must wash one anothers feet. He did not exclude women from having their feet washed, he did not particularly exclude women from washing feet. This is a practice which we do for one another.
The reason that Jesus did this to the 12 is that he wanted to impress upon them how THEY must be humble with one another. It has been seen as appropriate that the men wash the feet, in particular the Priests Bishops Cardinals and the Pope. It has not been seen as appropriate t have women excluded from this event.
Mind you, some men may not like to have their wives feet touched by other men.
I am aware of women having their feet washed before the turn of the millenia.
My finger slipped and I lost this "page" as I started to type….Well, I was around in the 1940's and I never saw women and children getting their feet washed by the priest on Holy Thursday….But, even if they did some place, it would NOT be a re-presentation of WHAT JESUS DID AT THE LAST SUPPER. I would also be very surprised if it was factual that women's feet got washed in previous centuries in the Catholic Church! "AND LEAD US NOT INTO TEMPTATION….!" (I'll say no more here….)
The Church does not have the authority to ordain women. This is very much part of the Deposit of Faith that will not change. The reason is that Jesus did not include women as part of the Twelve. He was totally free to do so but he chose not to.
It had nothing to do with the status of women or that they were less worthy of being chosen. It had nothing to do with not being acceptable to others. He was always breaking traditional customs. So that could not have been it. It wasn't that he would make people angry and not accept his message.
Of course not. Just think about that for a moment. The Creator of the entire cosmos, the Great I AM being thwarted by people would not take him seriously if he included women as one of the Twelve. Imagine, one of his creatures stopping him from doing something. Utterly ridiculous isn't it!
No. It has nothing to do with misogyny but for other reasons that we don't fully understand. The Church is following his example and the example of the Apostles, the example of the early Church, and consistently rejected any attempt to change it.
Many reasons that have been given to why women cannot be ordained deals with theological arguments.
However, none of those arguments is what the Church is basing her decision on.
It is only on the fundamental argument that Jesus did not choose women for such an office and that has been a constant reason from the very beginning.
The Church cannot change what Jesus has instituted. We can not say that Jesus did not want the bread and wine to be turned into his Body, Blood, Soul, and Divinity so not to offend different faiths or denominations.
For those who think this will change are being motivated, not by the Holy Spirit, but by political ideology which is not from God.
Development of doctrine does not work that way.
Response to Teresa H - I am not sure we are reading the same book. The Last Supper happened before the resurrection, and the sacramental economy started after the resurrection. Surely, Jesus instituted the sacraments, but I don't find any reference to the imposition of hands in any of the gospel accounts. Where does it say that Jesus imposed his hands on the apostles?
@Luis - God asked Abraham to sacrifice his SON, Issac. That accounting was a prefigurement of God the Father permitting his SON to be sacrificed. The story of Abraham and Issac is key to understanding salvation history!
THE GOSPEL OF JOHN EXPLAINS WHY WOMEN CANNOT BE ORDAINED "PRIESTS" IN THE ONE, HOLY, CATHOLIC, AND APOSTOLIC CHURCH: On the night before HE was to die, JESUS was talking with the MEN he had just consecrated as HIS first "priests" at the LAST SUPPER. One might ask why HE did not invite at least HIS MOTHER—and, maybe Mary Magdalen and the "other Mary" to be there, but, the fact is HE DIDN'T. WHY? JESUS tells us "why" in the words HE spoke TO HIS 12 APOSTLES which have been carried out all through the centuries in the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church—in every Cathedral—by the Bishop—with his Priests—on Holy Thursday. (Read the entire Section in the Gospel of John.) Now, 2,000+ years later, we have to improve on what JESUS did—You see, we are finally in "Women's Lib" Times and women must be treated like the men—in every respect. This new, "idea" that somebody came up with for Holy Thursday is all so sad, so very, very SAD! REMEMBER: On HOLY THURSDAY the Catholic Church celebrates WHAT JESUS DID AT THE LAST SUPPER: HE ordained HIS FIRST PRIESTS and showed them HOW they were to be like servants in His Church. This has always been, and still IS what the "washing of the feet" in the Mass on Holy Thursday is all about. To say the least…: for the Pastor in every Parish to wash the feet of 12 people ("men, women, and children") on Holy Thursday is hardly a "re-enactment" of what occurred at the Last Supper between JESUS and HIS 12 APOSTLES! (And one last word: "....And lead us not into temptation….")
Responses - Please check the meaning of "accidental" and "incidental" in the dictionary. Nothing God does is accidental, but the masculinity of Jesus was incidental to God assuming human nature.
Regarding the use of masculine and feminine pronouns, it is noteworthy that Hebrew is a language that has no neuter gender, everything is binary, male or female; so the divinely intended meaning of biblical texts may not be so masculine as we have been conditioned to think in the past 6000 years or so.
About women in apostolic succession, we shall see what happens in the next 1000 years. Let us pray that the Holy Spirit will continue to guide the Church. It is a crucial issue, but not a matter of faith.
JESUS was NOT "patriarchal," he was both HUMAN and DIVINE. In His humanity, He was a MAN. The man-priest re-presents the "MAN, Christ JESUS.:" "The head of every man is the MAN Christ Jesus." (1Cor. 11:3) But, HE was born of the Virgin Mary….We, women, have the MOTHER of JESUS as our model—like NO man can! (You, MEN, can't say that. Do you think HE did not know what He was doing—for all Time!) Be content with what JESUS DID. HE knows ALL and can do ALL, and HE DID WHAT HE DID FOR ALL TIME! Consequently, there will NEVER be women priests in the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. HIS CHURCH may become very small (Jesus indicated that) near the end of time, but there will never be women priests. (Actually, there has been an increase in priests in the Catholic Church, lately!)
So was JESUS patriarchal??? Only men, HIS FIRST PRIESTS, were present at the Last Supper. He was speaking to His Apostles (and their Successors—future Popes and Bishops—to be like Him and "wash one another's feet"—the feet of their priests. That has been the Tradition in the Catholic Church for 20 Centuries: the Bishops are supposed to see themselves as servants of their "brother priests." Remember, Jesus had many followers during His Public Life. At the Last Supper, he called only His Apostles (all men)—and, after washing their feet, told them to "wash each others feet." THAT has been the Tradition of the Catholic Church between the Bishops and their priests for almost 2000 Years! Now, women (and children) are to be invited to have their feet washed in every Parish Church at the Memorial of the Last Supper! This does NOT re-present what Jesus did between Him and His Apostles at the Last Supper. (Also, priests do not cease to be "men" after Ordination….I'll not carry this further here, but just think about what you are saying when you want the priest to start washing the feet of WOMEN—-and children in every parish!)
@Theresa - Nothing that God does is incidental. God has revealed the Trinty as Father, Son and Holy Spirit. As baptized Christians we already share in the priesthood whether male or female. Radical feminists (I am not inferring that you are one) have done tremendous damage to the Church. Women are not less. Jesus personally addressed women in his day which was bold, but he did choose men for the priesthood. This will never change.The Holy Spirit can never contradict what God has revealed. We need to be careful when discerning the Spirit that we hear God's voice and not our own voice.
@ Theresa H - I think that washing women's feet is one more step in the right direction. The patriarchal culture is passing away. Why should the Church remain locked in the same culture Jesus had to deal with during his public ministry to the people of Israel? My impression is that the masculinity of Jesus, and the masculinity of the apostles, are as incidental as the color of their eyes. What matters is that God became human, not that he became male. The Church is "one, holy, catholic, and apostolic," but not essentially patriarchal. Ours is a living Tradition, not a patriarchal tradition. Let us pray that the Holy Spirit will continue to guide the Church along the straight and narrow path. Our faith is always the same but the Holy Spirit enables the Church to bring out of the deposit of faith what is new and what is old.
I'm sorry, but there is such a thing as "Tradition" (with a capital "T") in the Catholic Church. At the first "Last Supper," only Jesus and His 12 Apostles—all MEN—were present. At that Supper, they were "ordained" to celebrate the Eucharist. Afterwards, JESUS washed their feet (Lk 22:14ff) and told them "to wash one another's feet." It was (and still is) full of symbolism for the Pope, Cardinals, and Bishops with their Priests. They, who have all received the incredible Sacrament of Holy Orders re-enact what JESUS did with His Apostles at the Last Supper. This Tradition has been handed down in the Church ever since—up to today—on Holy Thursday. (Keep in mind, the Apostles, Popes, Cardinals, Bishops, etc.,—are all Priests—and are all male.) Now, with the expanse of the Catholic Church across the globe, what took place on the night of THAT "Last Supper" is still re-enacted in ROME, and in all the Cathedrals of the Catholic Church in the world. In more recent years, the Church opened the "Washing of Feet" in the Mass on Holy Thursday to the Parish Churches, but it was the Pastor with 12 men. I really think this is a misplaced endeavor—it is not a re-enactment of what Jesus did with His 12 Apostles—all men—AT THE LAST SUPPER>
whom He was about to ordain the First Priests of His Church and He told them to wash each others feet.
@ Patti Day - Repulsive? Why?
I can't help but wonder what will come of THIS recent "innovation"—after 2000 Years of "TRADITION"—-IN CELEBRATING THE SOLEMN RE-ENACTMENT OF WHAT THE LORD JESUS DID AT THE "LAST SUPPER"—KNEELING BEFORE HIS 12 (MALE) APOSTLES….
The thought of a priest kneeling in front of a woman washing and kissing her feet is repulisive.
@Theresa: your "Tradition" should technically be "tradition." And "nor should we have girls/women serving priests at the altar," is your opinion. You have a right to it; and no one should disrespect you for it; but that is what it is—your opinion. It is not Sacred Tradition—and our current pope and our past two popes do disagree with you. They apparently do not think it is a "women's lib" movement—but believe in the sincerity of heart of those—both girls and boys—men and women—who love the Lord and feel blessed to serve Him in any way the Church, through the Lord's grace and goodness to us all, allows. The temptation, here, may be not in serving Christ in all of these ways, but in judging those who have chosen to serve Him in ways which you may not understand, or of which you do not personally approve—but your own Church—and popes present and past do. Please take no offense at my comments, here. I have read many of your posts, and I respect your sincere faith in Christ. I do think it is important, however, to distinguish between what we wish or think or want or hope—and what is based in absolute truth.
Response to Theresa H - NEVER say NEVER :-)
Serving the priest at the altar via adult men and boys has been a Tradition in the Church ever since the early ages of the Church. In many cases, these boys (and men) become priests. The Catholic Church will NEVER have women priests, nor should we have girls/women serving the priest at the altar. Women assist as Sacristans—be content with that privilege! (I guess JESUS was prejudiced toward women!) No, it is the "women's lib" movement that is now afoot in the Church! We should be praying: "...And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. Amen"
The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, on the Feast of the Apostles SS. Simon and Jude, October 28, 1995, Joseph Cardinal Ratzinger wrote, in concurring with the pope, as to whether the Church's teaching that men only are to be ordained to the priesthood:
"This teaching requires definitive assent, since, founded on the written Word of God, and from the beginning constantly preserved and applied in the Tradition of the Church, it has been set forth infallibly by the ordinary and universal Magisterium."
Unfortunately, we keep mixing up ordination to the priesthood with altar servers, extraordinary ministers of Holy Communion, MCs, and now those are having their feet washed on Holy Thursday. This is a conflating of issues. Though St. John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis have all assented to an all-male priesthood, all three have also shared in embracing female altar servers, extraordinary ministers, MCs and allowing women to have their feet washed. Why can't some of us do the same when it does not contradict Church teaching? There are those who are simply suspect of those who participate in all of these wonderful ministries, and they oppose those servants of Christ, making them feel as though they are sinning or rebelling against God. And there are those, on the other hand, who attempt to take every opportunity to try to introduce something that the Church does not intend—the priestly ordination of women. Those who pray to avoid temptation—those who are close to Jesus and live in the power of the Spirit must oppose both of these wrongs, and all other kinds of divisive behavior, and live according to the love of Christ toward all people; and I say these things, first and foremost—as always—to myself.
JESUS was/is a MAN: "the head of every MAN is Christ" (1Cor,11:3) Consequently, the Ordination of only men to the Priesthood in HIS Church which HE founded has been the settled Sacred Tradition ever since the LAST SUPPER. The "Catholic Church" does NOT have the authority to ordain women. Again, this "Sacred Tradition" is based on the FACT that it was to HIS Apostles that JESUS gave the Authority to consecrate the bread and wine into His Body and Blood—to "Do this in memory of Me." And ever since, it has been the "Sacred Tradition" of HIS CHURCH to ordain MEN, as JESUS DID, to "DO THIS." If JESUS had ordained women, then the Catholic Church could do it, but He did NOT ordain women—not even His Mother! Also, women are supposed to cover their head in Church (read more of 1Cor.11:3). The problem is, today, we, women especially, have become very SELF-assertive—not recognizing our unique GOD-given dignity as women!!! Sad, very sad! It is, also, worthless to "discuss" this matter; the Lord Jesus Himself has settled it—at the Last Supper where he had gathered the first men (only) whom HE "ordained" that evening!
It is not about being "rigid" but about being faithful to Jesus.
I suggest you read the book. Sr.Butler was chosen by the US Bishops to write the Church's position. At the time, she was in favor for women's ordination and only accepted the task if the bishops would allow her to write a rebuttal. They agreed.
I know this because she gave us an overview of the Church's position and said this herself. It is an infallible part of the deposit of faith by use of the Ordinary Magisterium and has the same authority as the extraordinary means.
It is through her academic and spiritual research that she came to understand that the Church never had the authority to ordained women. Those instances where a woman was attempted to be ordained were quickly dealt with and never accepted.
The fundamental reason was that Jesus only selected men to be his Apostles. It had nothing to do with custom of the times or that women lacked equal dignity but it was his free choice to make.
Please read actual documents from the Church and not those from suspect sources who have an axe to grind.
We should not be too rigid about this issue. It has been made clear that we must wait, but it has not been dogmatically defined that women can never be ordained to the ministerial priesthood.
Actually, the Catechism of the Catholic Church (#1598) plainly states that the male-only priesthood is a choice (first sentence) and who can make the choice (second sentence). The apostolic authority of the Church does have the power (Mt 16:19, 18:18) to change the choice at any time.
The Church does not have the authority to ordain women. It is part of the Deposit of Faith that must be accepted. The Church is only the caretaker of the faith and not its author.
And yes, it has been reaffirmed by Pope Francis.
For a fuller explanation, see Sr. Sara Butler's book, The Catholic Priesthood and Women: A Guide to the Teaching of the Church
"In his letter Ordinatio Sacerdotalis, Pope John Paul II stated: "Wherefore, in order that all doubt may be removed regarding a matter of great importance, . . .I declare that the Church has no authority whatsoever to confer priestly ordination on women and that this judgment is to be definitively held by all the Church's faithful."
With that declaration, the question of women's priestly ordination in the Catholic Church was effectively closed. While the Church's position is clear, many priests, religious, seminarians, and lay ministers search for a way to answer questions regarding the Church's teaching. In The Catholic Priesthood and Women: A Guide to the Teaching of the Church, Sister Sara Butler attempts to answer those questions through a close examination of the Church's teaching on the ordination of women to the priesthood.
In response to a call for a greater articulation of the Church's position, Sister Butler seeks to both clarify and defend the Church's teaching as well as explore why so many have struggled to accept it. The Catholic Priesthood and Women: A Guide to the Teaching of the Church successfully explores the complex and fundamental questions surrounding the ordination of women to the priesthood for anyone interested in a deep examination of this issue."
A male only priesthood cannot change. This has been made clear in the past by previous popes and reaffirmed by Pope Francis.
The male-only priesthood is not a dogma of our Catholic faith. The Church is "one, holy, catholic, and apostolic," but not essentially patriarchal. To wash the feet of women on Holy Thursday is no big deal. Now that the family is evolving from sole male (father) headship to joint male-female (father-mother) headship, it is time to move toward ordaining women to the priesthood and the episcopate.
Jesus washed the feet of HIS first Priests and told them to wash each others feet. In the context of His Talk to them, it is clear he was telling these MEN whom he had consecrated as His First Priests to re-present Him—even to the point of such a "union" with Him that—at the Consecration in the Mass they say: "THIS IS MY BODY!" THIS IS MY BLOOD. Only a man, ordained in the Priesthood can do this and the symbolic"washing of the feet" has been passed on via the local Bishops with their priests. I tell you, it's a big mistake to bring women and children into this re-presentation of the event that took place during the Last Supper on Holy Thursday. (Up until fairly recently, the washing of the feet only took place in the Cathedrals—by the Bishop with his priests.) The fact is, to bring women and children into the washing of the feet now changes what Jesus did, it does not re-present what took place at the Last Supper. (Jesus did not even invite His Mother to the Last Supper: no mention is made of Her, nor any other woman—or child being there!) I would add it would not be a good idea for priests to start washing the feet of women (priests are human….) nor of wiggling children. Lastly, WHY change a Solemn, 2000 Years Tradition of the Catholic Church with significance clearly expressed by the Lord Jesus, Himself, between Him and His First Priests those 2000 years ago??? He wanted THEM to see themselves as Servants of His Flock—as He still does between the Bishops and His Priests today!
According to what we are told, JESUS did not wash any women's feet at the Last Supper. Primarily for THAT reason (but, also, for other reasons) I don't think it is a good idea for priests to wash women's feet on Holy Thursday. (In other words, Priests are still human…: "And lead us not into temptation….")
Here is Jesus, going through the most difficult time of his life, whose agony in only a few hours would cause him to sweat blood and beg his closest companions to stay awake with him—just "be with him" through it; and they remained relatively clueless throughout the evening. Yet he washed their feet. Then there was Judas, a traitor, a betrayer, one whom Jesus knew would hand him over to be mocked, spat upon, tortured and killed in only hours from that time. And yet he humbled himself to stoop down in this same act of love toward him. Jesus was so outside of himself, so filled with love for others that it drove him to give himself regardless of what he was feeling or enduring. His love was complete, total, sacrificial, and it was certainly pictured perfectly in washing others feet in such a night as he was enduring. There are many things to take away from the ceremony, perhaps; but the primary thing is love at all cost—no matter the circumstance, no matter the feeling, no matter, no matter, no matter. It is our life, our calling, our destiny if we are to be his disciples. That is the lesson of the foot washing ceremony—not man vs. woman or priests vs. bishops. It is not a lesson of who. It is all of us—everyone; and the lesson is love.
Jesus told his apostles, "As I have washed your feet, so you must go and wash others feet." John 13:14 (paraphrase is my own). The priest or bishop, in washing the feet of men, women, and children is doing just what Jesus told them to do, "As I have done, so must you also." John 13:15 (again, pharaphrase is my own). I see no theological change and did not realize the all male rule even existed since every diocese I have been in has always washed the feet of men and women and childen on Holy Thursday as a representation of the priest's servant ministry. I have never viewed the feet washing as part of the establishment of the ministerial priesthood, but in a way, a confirmation of all the baptized to participate in Christ's ministry as priest, prophet and king. Maybe I just missed it, but I do not see this as an indictment on the all male priesthood at all.
Jean, "Only MEN are priests because JESUS was a MAN"—the GOD-MAN. You got it, precisely! The idea that women have their feet washed at Mass on Holy Thursday is an aberration of what is actually recorded in Sacred Scripture as having taken place! At that 1st LAST SUPPER, JESUS ordained HIS 12 Apostles (all MEN) "Priests" in the "New Covenant" and then He "washed their feet. These MEN were TOLD by JESUS to continue to "do this in memory of me." These MEN are also a "sign and symbol" of the Lord Jesus when they offer MASS—-Not a word is said in any of the Gospels about any women—not even the Mother of Jesus being present at the Last Supper. (We are told that there were some women AND the MOTHER of JESUS present "at the foot of the Cross.") WOMEN should be looking to the MOTHER of JESUS for their Model! (The MEN can't do that!!!)
Jesus washed the feet of the 12 apostles, He did not wash the feet of Mary Magdalene or His mother or any of the women followers. The act was specific to the priesthood, and perhaps not necessary to be replicating in public forums. The Bishop of each diocese should wash the feet of all the priests in his diocese in a ritual that follows Jesus, and perhaps have that mass as a private one for the clergy, so it could be a deep meaningful experience for them. The concept of what Jesus was doing with the feet washing has long been lost and muddied, and now is being used as political fodder in the Church. There is so much confusion, drowning in the murky waters, everywhere in the Church since V2.. What we need is CLARITY on the most important things, and some of the more symbolic rituals, like this one of feet washing, really need far, far less attention. It truly has nothing at all to do with the laity. It's none o our business, it should be conducted among the bishops and cardinals with their priests. The Church, much like secular society is in a fierce internal war. Progressive vs. Traditional Catholics, including priests, bishops and cardinals. We need strength and clarity from the Pope, and all of our leaders. Just another thing to argue about, this topic. We are truly lost.
As a new Catholic, I don't have a fully formed opinion on the subject. But I will offer this observation: It is the custom (or maybe a small-t tradition) at my local parish that the priest washes the feet of both male and female confirmands (the HS junior class, 16-17 year olds) at the Holy Thursday Mass. The kids take it very seriously, and it makes a profound impression on them that 60-something year old Monsignor KNEELS and washes their FEET. The same priest who baptized them, their siblings, and maybe their parents. He'll probably marry them to their sweethearts someday. The see him as an authority figure, of course. But he's also a disciplinarian. And suddenly they all realize a disciplinarian is first a disciple.
As a child, I was angry with my mother for making me a girl, instead of a boy, as were my brothers. I saw the esteem in which boys were held, while I and other girls had to endure humiliation and disrespect for my gender.
As the years passed, I saw that my brothers and other men were not superior to me in any way, except for physical strength. I even came to understand that women were actually superior to most men in the better aspects of humanity. Now, I see posturing and ego among the clergy. I think that Jesus did not have women priests because, in His time, women could not have traveled about safely, and would not have had credibility because they were women. Maybe priests are men because they represent Jesus.
Some are protesting girls being altar servers. If Jesus accepted Martha serving him, I think it is fine for girls to be on the altar.
By the way, I am married with children.
Well, thanks for giving me my say.
With the Foot-Washing, what Jesus was showing the Apostles and all of us until the end, is that priests are called to have a part with Jesus in washing clean the souls of others so that all may walk washed clean in the Holiness of Jesus, spreading this fragrance where ever they go and inviting others to this….On Easter evening, Jesus in Infinite Love, Mercy and Wisdom after Ransoming us, connects what He did in His Ordination rite to this blessed love - John 20:1-3, 'receive the Holy Spirit, those who sins you forgive, wash away, those who will not take part in My Service, do not wash way or forgive'! In His Mercy the very first thing Jesus does to show us what Easter means is to connect His First Mass and Ordination Rite with His Washing clean of the blessed Sacarament of Reconciliation so that we too can have part in this covenant saving service - who is to humbly do this washing service in the sacrament, the priest or another? What Jesus did was Covenant for the Priestly washing away of sins so all can live of and by His Ransoming Baptism - the Holy Father can rightly extend humility to general actions and so open up foot washing to others…but at the First Mass Ordination Jesus did what He did with Aaron - Aaron, and the Apostles like Aaron, must first be washed of their sins in order to be pure to receive and enter into the Washing Purity of Jesus so that this service of love may in humility draw all people into the Cleansing Water of the Holy Spirit, filling us up to live Jesus' Passion Baptism in the service witness and mission of sanctifying and saving all others, building up the Living Household of the Beloved. I think Francis is calling for this ransoming to be seen and to be suffused in all things and all times, to make every moment and every action a covenant sacramental action of Christ - living out the Marriage Feast, Mass, by ever deeper conversion and ransoming into the washing, refining, Holy Spirit, not only of ourselves, but all whom the Beloved Loves and Wills to be with Him eternally - this is Jesus' Service and now ours, Alleluia!!! Jesus' humility wasn't simply general humility, it was specific for the New Covenant of His Water and Blood, Soul and Divinity, cleansing us to partake in the Priestly service of ransoming others through cleansing of sins so that we can walk with both feet in the perfection of Jesus, being baptized into His Baptism. Love seeks to wash clean so that we can have part with the Trinity eternally, having been washed to walk in that holiness without which no one shall see God….this is God's service, His service is never separated from saving love ransoming us for doing likewise in Him…..Blessings to each and all of the Beloved!!!
The service Jesus is, and calls us each one to through and in His Ministerial Priesthood, is being at the service of bringing Jesus' Redeeming or Ransoming cleansing of sins to walk with both feet in the way of His Saving Love!....When Jesus says He came to serve, He unites this to loving as He loved, pouring out His Water and Blood to wash us clean, restore and ransom us to Trinitarian Life and help the Priests make this saving and sanctifying service present and extended to the ends of the earth until the end of time…..Jesus' service was to cleanse the Apostles - and all of us - of their sins - just like when He instituted the Old Covenant Priesthood with Aaron….Jesus' washing service is Covenant Service Ransoming Souls by total self-emptying sanctity to save or ransom many because they are drawn into His Love to be washed clean TO WALK CLEAN, IMMACULATE, WITHOUT SPOT, WRINKLE OR BLEMISH…its all about being baptized or washed into His Baptism, this is the Covenant Service Jesus does at the First Mass or Last Supper, it is at the heart of the blessedly, loving, and perfectly wise Ordination Rite of Jesus! Jesus' service mission is cleansing us to walk in the worship of the Father in Spirit and Truth - this is Covenant-Priestly Service Jesus is showing, not general charity - the Charity of Christ in Jesus' Ordination rite at His First Mass of Thanksgiving is a Covenant Cleansing Service for walking in His Perfect, Virginal Holiness! How Blessed the wisdom, peace, love, holiness and surprise of the Living God become the New and Eternal Covenant of Redeeming Salvation!
i have always considered the Lord's example to be pointed toward humility more than service. i figured it was for that reason that Jesus acted. Jesus knew that He was giving extraordinary power in this world to His Apostles and this was His way of guiding their use of His power.
so, ideally, i think mostly bishops should be the one's doing the washing. as to whose feet they wash, it might be best that it be those most subject to their authority.
More symbolic window-dressing. The gesture is more of an embracing of Lefty culture than anything else. is there any deep theological principal involved here - not seculariized theology, but the real article. If there is, it is bring concealed very well.
What many are missing is that we do not have the authority to add, omit or change the liturgy, not even a priest, which Vatican II constantly repeated.
The GIRM (General Instruction of the the Roman Missal) states that:
1) Washing of the feet is optional and
2) reserved for men only.
Any deviation from this is an offense against the Church and her authority to regulate the liturgy.
This would include those priests who washed women's feet, regardless of their "good intentions". Good intentions don't cut it when changing the Liturgy on your own. The Liturgy belongs to the Church to decide what is and isn't permitted.
Individuals, including priests, do not have the right to make changes to the liturgy. The Church has provided options for the priests to use for various circumstances.
With that being said, the rubrics of "washing of the feet" has now been changed.
The pope, who does have the authority, modified the foot washing open to all including non-Christians, the discipline should be followed.
It does not matter if I think it is a good idea or bad idea but we must acknowledge that the change was properly authorized by the competent authority.
What should be avoided is the promoting of the distorted "gender-theology" which only serves to divide people by rejecting the objective truth of equal dignity of men and women.
We can discuss whether it is a good idea or not as well as letting our bishop know our thoughts about this change but not the validity of the change.
Reread Genesis 1 - even in the Greek and Hebrew. God INDEED made man and woman…. in Genesis 1 he created mankind, "male and female he created them." Unless you're buying into post-modern (post-rational) gender theories, that IS man and woman. In Genesis 2 he created ADAM (taken from the earth, the ADAM-AH), the human being, "human life" - or in the Hebrew itself, literally, the earth-ling/creature. Then he caused the ADAM (human) to fall asleep and took out his rib to create "woman" from "man." In both cases we learn that God created man and woman—equal in DIGNITY, different yet complementary in FORM.
No one has mentioned (unless I missed it) that Jesus didn't say, as he got up with the dirty bowl and towel, "Now, you-all be sure to do this feet-washing thing in memory of me" (or for any reason whatever, actually). I've read where people who had their feet washed were extremely uncomfortable with it, and I would imagine that it is madly perfunctory. Does Francis (or any other priest) use soap? Sud those feet up? Scrub 'em down? And then, in a Church setting, how to get 'em really dry again? So you don't have to go about for the rest of the Mass with wet feet in soaked socks?
Sorry, but we look silly with this. Absurd. A little bit of it in 1955 went a L.O.N.G. way, and that's a maybe. A bishop showing his priests his humility. Yeah. Right. Now it ridiculous, and makes us all look that way. It's like that handshake in the Eucharistic liturgy. Have a greeting if you want but earlier on where it belongs, for Heaven's sake, unless you want grown men to start kissing each other (it is REALLY a 'Kiss of Peace' and not a handshake or backslap). Many bloggers already report that men are getting rarer and rarer at Mass.
What next? Maybe priests should take to riding donkeys around the Church as part of the Easter celebration?
Whatever. At least the Pope gets high approval ratings for all this, for now. I guess you can take what you get while the getting's good.
I do not believe that women in the Church are oppressed. Changing liturgical vestments? Just what are we thinking? Jesus, our High Priest, called men to serve as priests and deacons. Young women are entering traditional religious orders these days and these women are joyful! We need only to look at the women religious who felt they were oppressed and instituted dramatic changes within their orders. These same women are now seniors, and these orders are not flourishing. In fact, they are dying out! Young men entering the priesthood these days are masculine and they, too, are embracing tradition. What is so wrong with tradition? Nothing as far as I can tell. The Catholic Church is unlike any other, steeped in tradition and symbolism. We need to adopt an attitude of humility and reject this "what's in it for me or my gender" attitude. One need only look to the Protestant Church and see what the outcome has been as it adopted misguided change.
According to John 13:1-15, Jesus washed the feet of "disciples." The Twelve are mentioned nowhere in the Last Supper narrative of this evangelist. Washing feet has never been part of the Catholic ordination rite, as far as I know.
Clear, well-argued thinking by Deacon Tom Lang and Jane B!
If the message of Maundy Thursday is that foot washing is reserved to males-only then so is receiving the Holy Eucharist and the new command [latin mandamus/Maundy] I give to you to love one another also only applies to males.
This does not have be part of the "culture war". A sign can have more than one meaning. Maundy Thursday foot washing can be read as a sign of ordination, AND it is also be a sign of loving service, which I think is its primary meaning and one which is needed today and always.
Readers may wish to consider the message of Jesus. They may wish to consider the teachings of the Institutional Church. Are they one and the same?
If yes, what does it imply about our duties?
If no, what does it imply about our duties?
I guess we all read things the way we want them to actually be!
All my adult life i thought the message Jesus gave about the washing of feet was Humility. The first shall be last, the last shall be first, don't set at the head of the table you might get asked to take a different seat,
and never lord it over the poor like the Pharisees.
In my parish women had their feet washed for a long time already. The absolution of the sin of abortion
by any priest here in the US without a bishop who would lift the excommunication has been around for
over 35 years. Why is this all something new coming from Rome for the rest of the world?
A lot of more important things to be concerned about in the Church that the washing of women's feet. Let us remember the 12 apostles were men…. simple no problem. Most women do not care to have their feet washed anyway unless they are looking for attention. Myself I spent hours getting the Church in order and ready for Easter Services as a Sacristan and having my feet wash is a silly thing; I am serving the Lord and attending to His House is a very special task a lot more than having my feet washed.
My God, what is wrong with the American Catholic Church? In Jesus' eyes, there are no such things as ´men' or ´women' feet…or lives. We were all created EQUAL human beings". Any educated Catholic would know by now that in Genesis 1, God did NOT create man or woman, God created human life. All Hebrew or Greek versions of the Bible confirm that. Sometimes, I get really, really scared that the American Catholic Church is becoming a sect. Or is it the very divisive right wing political agenda taking over our Church? Please, please, do not fear knowledge, education, and conversion!
How many "practices" are we going to allow to be changed, quietly subverting the doctrine of the Faith till we are just another Protestant Church?
The rebels have been subverting the Faith for over 50 years. At what point do we cease to be ostriches and stand up for the Faith? Enough already!
The empty hopefulness that the writer has for this development wrings hollow to those of us with critical thinking skills. This change in practice is clearly meant to subvert the Priesthood, just like female altar servers. But you only notice this if you have a quiet distrust of man and an appreciation in the influence of Satan in the hearts of man.
I will not risk Christ forgetting me by not fighting for Him and the Church.
my blog: aguardian.blogspot.com
Our Parish has been doing this for years. Ahead of the times, I guess. :)
I understand that the 12 disciples at the initial foot washing by Jesus were men. But it would seem to me that the point that Jesus was making is that we should seek to serve others in anyway possible, even to the extent of washing feet, a particularly humble activity, something that in that day only a servant would do.
Doesn't that principal stand regardless of whether or not it's a man or a woman's feet that's being washed?
The thing is what is the intention behind this change. It's obviously in response to pressure from feminists that women are oppressed in the Church. So, by making this change, you're not going to silence the chorus of the oppressed. They are only going to get louder and continue pushing women's ordination.
I always believed that the washing of the fenet of the apostles was a sign of service and humility
We all know what is meant by "another agenda" which broadly refers to the progressive activists inside the Church and outside the Church. The most dangerous are the former who show their tenacity at every clerical event from Synods to Bishops Conferences.
As Fr. Hardon warned us: "stay vigilant".
My parish has been doing this for years. I think it is good to include women in the ceremony.
I wish there could be some other changes in the rite of liturgy of Eucharist. It would be great to end the practice of having the priest wearing all those vestments. The stole is the sign of office to the priesthood. They could have a nicer stole that would resemble a shawl like the Jews wear at their services. It is the Tallit or a newer one called a New Testament Prayer Shawl.
There is another modification, which I believe, that changes the whole "washing of the feet" understanding, that is - you no longer have to be Catholic or EVEN CHRISTIAN to have your feet washed. Forget about a wedge for women to use as a means to becoming "priests", that is the least of the changes.
@Deacon Tom…..we know from Tradition that women were included in communion from the beginning. There is no place in the history of the Catholic Church that we can point to to see a change from only men receiving communion to both men and women receiving. It always was. But we can point to a change where at one time only men's feet were washed to now both men and women being part of the ritual. Why the change? Imo a political move to accommodate liberals, feminists.
for some years women have had their feet washed in our church (their feet get dirty just like the men) JOKE!! What a great act of humility for the priest to wash their feet. Often you find it hard to get men to volunteer to have their feet washed dont make a mountain over a mole hill with this remember a lady named MARY who washed JESUS feet with her tears??? ,,,do you think JESUS wouldnt have done the same to her and washed her feet stop looking for stumbling blocks and get on with living the faith..start now by saying the Creed and and continue
I do not understand how this foot washing ceremony could became part of the Mass, and now we see the results of creating all sorts of divisions in the Church. Before 1955 it had always been an extra liturgical event, applying to both men and women monasteries.
Since Jesus only washed the feet of Bishops at that Last Supper and He also gave His Body and Blood to those same to those same Bishops then the logical sequence to the argument must be that only Bishops should be permitted to receive the Blessed Sacrament.
Much ado about nothing.
When I, a lay woman, was asked to participate in the Washing of the Feet, my soul was touched. As the priest washed my feet, I realized that I was called to be of service to my Church, clergy, vowed religious, and my brothers and sisters. We are all called to serve each other with love and humility.
Before I dropped out of the seminary, maany years ago, we had a Canon Law professor who was very highly regarded (received his JCD in Rome, summa cum laude). He told us that canon law was made by violation. With things like female Mass servers and the foot washing, it looks to me as though this is not only true, but—in at least some instances—very sensible. It also seems to me that in some cases too much is being made of minor practices, especially when very basic and important issues (e.g., who may receive Holy Communion) seem to be left up in the air by Rome.
I appreciate your (NCReg) reporting and sound analysis; thank you!
This is the first time I've ever heard that the reason my diocese limits it to men is because it somehow emphasizes the male nature of priesthood. I've never seen that link and I'm not sure I see it now. I always thought the follow my example language from that Gospel passage was a definition of what it means to be a disciple. But, it's never been a battle worth fighting to me.
@johnnyc: Simply because I began with, "I think," it does not mean that I do not think as Christ thinks in a matter or that I do not listen to the Holy Spirit. As for your comment about washing only his apostle's feet, I think a couple of the comments above (specifically Jane B and Deacon Tom Lang) sufficiently address your argument about washing the feet of 12 men.
@Peter Nelson: But surely there are gay priests that may be turned on by washing men's feet . . . I'm not making fun of the concern that you raise. This is an issue. In many Protestant churches, for instance, men wash the feet of men, and women wash the feet of other women. But when all is said and done, we are all destined to face temptations in our lives. And in the midst of them, we pray to God to live in Him, and we strive to keep His commands because we love Him. We may also ask for wisdom. If a priest is weak in that regard, it is possible for him to go about this washing in a way that he is not dragged down and mastered by a temptation. You know what I mean. There are different ways to go about doing the same thing:)
The pope is in love with those on the frindge. For the devout faithfull, those who believe without question, he shows little
interest and occasionally disparages. This is another bone to the feminists who will never be satisfied. PF is a good Jesuit.
Ok, so I'm an oldie, but in my day, a gentleman could only touch a woman on the arm or shoulder; anywhere else was considered extremely rude. I realize times have changed, but many women wouldn't want a man, especially a priest, touching her feet or anywhere else.
Personally, I just can't go to Holy Thursday mass anymore, I can't stand to see the adulterations of the holiness of it, with the foot-washing of women, and genuflecting and kissing of the so-called cross (a piece of 2x4). It is supposed to be the crucifix! I regret that, but it is better not to see it and lose my peace of mind.
I am not one of those who smell sulpher every time there is a change instituted by our Pontiff however I will say that I think this is an unwise and confusing move just as I thought "alter girls" was unwise and for the same reason: its relationship to future positions in the clergy. I doubt this will cause a schism but I'm certain it will discomfit some needlessly. I will also note that Orthodox and some Conservative Jewish congregations retain tradition for a reason even though in secular matters many are quite progressive.
Our pastor did not even wash feet last Holy Thursday. I do not know why.
There's a lot to be said for the male-only practice, which is still an option under the new norm.
So are male-only altar servers, and we saw how that worked out.
FWIW I personally don't object to washing women's feet, and in fact I think that if you're going to restrict it to men in order to emphasize the washing of the disciples' feet, you should restrain it to clergy, or at least to those who work in ministry, not to any old person. But if a priest wants to go men only, he has better battles to pick than with people will rant about how you're more Catholic than the pope.
This is a sacramental, not a Sacrament, in the Church. After all, the gospels report that a woman washed Jesus feet with her tears and wiped them with her hair, and Jesus not only accepted her servant-like devotion, he also castigated his host for his judgmental attitude toward it.
If we're going to split hairs here and bewail the "downfall" of the Church, then surely only ordained men should have their feet washed since that was the original context of the event in The Gospel of John. Even in my large parish, that wouldn't add up to 12.
Maybe we need to think about how we tend to "major in the minors" of the faith rather than the gospel imperative to spread the Good News of Christianity and doing works of mercy in and out of the church building,.
Food for thought and your private meditation: "If I, therefore, the master and teacher, have washed your feet, you ought to wash one another's feet. I have given you a model to follow, so that as I have done for you, you should also do." (John 13:14-15) What was the model that Jesus was teaching? To only wash men's feet? To only serve men? If that's the case, then Jesus also modeled for them the Eucharist, and gave it only to the Apostles at the Last Supper. Does that mean that priests today should only distribute Holy Communion to men?
So many things here that the Holy Fathers of the distant and not so distant past warned us would happen. So many things. Modernism is alive and well the formerly Catholic Church.
I feel awful bringing this up, but someone has to. According to Wikipedia…
"Foot fetishism, foot partialism, foot worship, or podophilia is a pronounced sexual interest in feet. It is the most common form of sexual fetishism for otherwise non-sexual objects or body parts, and is more prevalent in men than women."
A priest susceptible to this sin now has several bad options:
1) Forego the ritual entirely. Awkward questions will be asked.
2) Ignore the temptation and near occasion to sin, charge full speed ahead and confess later.
3) Inform the women of his parish that he will only wash men's feet, opening himself up to charges of sexism, clericalism, and possibly perversion. Prurient parishioners will accuse him of *preferring* men, or being *afraid* of women, or even of truthfully being attracted to feet.
If the foot washing is supposed to remind us of disciples…then how did that work when Pope Francis washed the Muslim girl's feet? I'm not trying to be contrary…..
Obviously Jesus meant to include women in this foot-washing episode. He forgot.
Holy Thursday Mass is a renactment of the Lord's Supper. Of course, women are worthy to have their feet washed but are we failing to look at what actually occured at the Last Supper? No women were present! We are losing the visual representation of the event. Holy Thursday has always been known as a day to recall the institution of the priesthood and the Eucharist. Most likely few in the pews had a full understanding of this since feet washing of both men and women has taken place in local parishes for many years. I don't see this change as a positive one.
@Debbie….you start off with the big problem with liberal 'catholics'....'I think'. Martin Luther had some of his own thoughts also. We tell protestants that we follow Jesus and His Words. He tells us we must be born again with water and spirit we believe Him, He tells us bread is His Body and wine is His Blood we believe Him, He gives priests the power to forgive sins we believe Him, He called only men to be His apostles we understand why, He washes the feet of 12 men and we wash…..oh wait.
Since it is not a mandatory part of the Holy Thursday Mass, how 'bout we just drop the foot washing fiasco and focus on the real lessons from Holy Thursday. I am sick and tired of all of the agenda driven novelties that have been inserted into the mass since 1969.
I think this is a practice of which Jesus certainly approves. Simply because we have no evidence that Jesus washed a woman's feet at the Last Supper does not mean it is a wrong practice in itself. WE know from scripture that there were certainly women included in Jesus'inner circle who followed him and cared for his needs (Mark 15:41). There was, therefore, certainly a mingling of the sexes, and it is proper if it is done in holiness and with the mind of Christ. I pray that we can move forward as Christians, not in a competition of the sexes or in sinfulness between the sexes, but in a mutual love of Christ, embracing and glorifying Him together as brothers and sisters in Christ.
In my prior parish we washed women's feet on Holy Thursday, and that was a parish run by OFM priests, whom I found to be quite orthodox and conservative. I don't remember discussing the teaching behind the practice at the time, but I don't remember any other parishioners being offended by it, either, several of whom I know were also committed to orthodoxy.


text:
The University of Western Australia is committed to ensuring an appropriate gender balance on its committees.
This commitment arises from a range of resolutions passed over recent years.
Academic Board Resolution 28/90
Senate Resolution 19/91
22 April 1991 Senate meeting addition (Resolution 19)
Academic Council Resolution 215/92
In improving the existing gender balance on committees, faculties and schools may wish to consider the following methods (among others):
Training for women on effective participation in committees, and observer status for women staff in committee meetings.
The issue of the Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action Statement to all new committee members, emphasising the importance of Equal Opportunity and Affirmative Action in their committee work.
Committee meetings to be held at times which will not disadvantage people with family responsibilities.
It is suggested that the policies of faculties and schools be re-assessed annually, and the strategies amended as appropriate.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The nearby Cedar and Yellowpiont area is well known for self guided touring by cycle or car. There are many artisan studios, parks, farms, and eateries.
In partnership with the Town of Ladysmith, the Historical Society operates the Ladysmith Archive, a repository of History for the area. Visit the displays or research the history of Ladysmith.Visit the quaint Ladysmith Museum located downtown at 721 First Avenue.
The Quw'utsun' Cultural Centre offers authentic First Nations artwork, native food, cultural demonstrations and displays. Just 30 minutes away in Duncan.
The Ladysmith Waterfront Arts Centre has a excellent gallery operated by the Arts Council of Ladysmith and District.
Visit the nearby gallery of this local "digitography" artist to view impressionistic images created from his original digital photographs. Sample below.


text:
Try this festive Candy Cane Danish – cherry cheese pastry in the shape of a candy cane! This gorgeous candy cane danish is easy to assemble with crescent rolls, cherry pie filling and sweetened cream cheese. It's a fun Christmas breakfast treat to make with kids!
Candy Cane Danish
For those of us that celebrate, Christmas is the most wonderful time of the year! I love hearing how others celebrate and the traditions they've cultivated with their families. For myself, I have cherished memories of family traditions that–more often than not–revolve around food.
One of my favorites is a pre-Christmas ritual that involves making over half a dozen batches of different types of cookies with mom while listening to classic Christmas music. My favorite cookie changes from year to year, but I'm currently in love with Brown Sugar Shortbread.
Another favorite tradition involves the morning-of. As we wait for everyone to wake up before opening presents, we like to enjoy a slice of potica with a cup of coffee. Potica is nut roll pastry from my Polish heritage. My father makes and delivers them as gifts on Christmas Eve to lucky recipients.
This year, I have a new pastry to add to the morning breakfast table – this candy cane danish. It's really a cherry cheese danish baked into the shape of a candy cane and it is so festive! Plus, it's made with refrigerated crescent dough, so it's fast and easy to put together. You can use store bought pie filling or homemade cherry pie filling if you put some up this past year. The cream cheese filling in this candy cane shaped danish can be flavored with vanilla or a blend of vanilla and almond extracts. The almond complements the cherries so well.
There are affiliate links in this post. That means if you buy something from that link, I will earn a small commission, but it won't cost you anything additional.
Ingredients Needed for Candy Cane Danish:
- 8 oz cream cheese, softened
- 1/2 cup sugar
- 1 teaspoon vanilla
- (OR 1/2 teaspoon vanilla and 1/2 teaspoon almond extract)
- 2 tubes of crescent rolls
- 1 can (21 oz) cherry pie filling
For the glaze:
- 1 cup powdered sugar
- 1 tablespoon butter, softened
- 1 tablespoon milk
- ¼ teaspoon vanilla
Tools You May Need:
This recipe makes two candy cane pastries. If you wanted to make just one, you would need an extremely large baking sheet! For ease, I like to use parchment paper on my pans. It will keep the pastry from sticking to the pan and makes cleanup a breeze.
I've included pictures for guidance, but simply align four crescent triangles in a straight line, slightly overlapping. With the fifth crescent, begin curving the head of the cane. Top with cream cheese and cherries, then fold over the points of the triangles. After baking, frost with a simple white icing to complete the candy cane stripes.
Hope you enjoy and have a happy holiday season!
If you're looking for another delicious breakfast option check out this Raspberry Coffee Cake. So yummy!
Serves: 16
15 minPrep Time
15 minCook Time
30 minTotal Time
- 8 oz cream cheese, softened
- 1/2 cup sugar
- 1 teaspoon vanilla
- (OR 1/2 teaspoon vanilla and almond extract, each)
- 2 tubes of crescent rolls
- 1 can (21 oz) cherry pie filling
- 1 cup powdered sugar
- 1 tablespoon butter, softened
- 1 tablespoon milk
- ¼ teaspoon vanilla
- Preheat oven to 375°F. Line 2 cookie sheets with parchment and set aside.
- In a medium mixing bowl, mix together cream cheese, sugar and vanilla (or vanilla and almond extract).
- On one cookie sheet, align four crescent triangles in a straight line along the wide ends, slightly overlapping the corners. Starting with the fifth crescent, begin curving the head of the cane.
- Spread the inside along the wide end of the triangles with half the cream cheese. Top with half the cherry pie filling. Fold over the points of the triangles to form stripes. Repeat assembly with remaining tube of crescent rolls, cream cheese and cherries.
- Bake for 15-20 minutes until golden brown.
- While the pastries are baking, combine all the ingredients for glaze, mixing until smooth. Frost the danish while it is still warm, taking care to only frost the crescent stripes.
Rebekah Garcia
Latest posts by Rebekah Garcia (see all)
- Candied Yams - November 3, 2017
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- Pumpkin Hand Pies - September 18, 2017


text: UNCW CoastLine Candidate Interviews: Local Poli-Sci, Leland, and H2GO By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Oct 6, 2017 On this edition of the CoastLine Candidate Interviews, we meet one candidate for Leland's Town Council and one for Board of Commissioners of Brunswick Regional Water and Sewer H2GO. But first, we take a closer look at municipal elections with a political scientist. Segment 1: Aaron King, Assistant Professor in the Department of Public and International Affairs at the University of North Carolina Wilmington CoastLine: Confederate Monuments -- Teaching Tool Or Symbol Of White Supremacy? By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Aug 24, 2017 Read the Transcript Here. Read the Emails Here. Within the City of Wilmington, statues and street names honoring key members of the Confederacy pepper the landscape. At the entrance to downtown Wilmington, on one corner stands a statue of George Davis, Confederate Attorney General. At a nearby intersection, a monument honoring soldiers of the Confederacy stands. CoastLine: Aesthetics of Hollywood Film By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Aug 3, 2017 Oxford University Press Listen Listening... / 49:57 Listen to this edition of CoastLine which originally aired Thursday, August 3, 2017. If you've ever marveled at the artistry of Citizen Kane or sneered at the 1990s cult film Starship Troopers or decided that Raging Bull is the greatest film of all time, then today's discussion is for you. We explore why films give us pleasure. CoastLine: GenX - Continuing The Conversation By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Jun 29, 2017 Vince Winkel / WHQR Listen Listening... / 49:53 Listen to CoastLine here GenX is an emerging contaminant – a chemical compound that is both product and byproduct in this story. CoastLine: Tri-County Economic Development By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Apr 17, 2017 Brunswick County and Wilmington Business Development now have a formal agreement outlining opportunities for cooperation on the economic development front. The board of directors of The Southeastern Partnership, another regional economic development entity that is, like WBD, a public-private partnership, has approved requests by three counties to become part of their organization's geography and marketing. Craven, Lenoir, and Moore Counties. The brings the number to 18 of counties marketed by the Southeastern Partnership – which is based in Elizabethtown. That's in Bladen County. CoastLine: How Crackdowns on Undocumented Immigrants are Affecting Children By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Mar 24, 2017 Makaristos / Wikimedia Commons The revised Presidential Executive Order banning travel from six mostly-Muslim countries, called a "watered-down version" of the first by President Donald Trump, is now blocked from going into effect by two federal judges -- in Hawaii and Maryland – as of Thursday morning. But in light of the movement to crack down on who is coming in to the country, we're also seeing a crackdown on people who are already here who may not be here legally. The efforts to find those people are called Targeted Enforcement Operations. CoastLine: The Battle Against Fake News Starts With Consumers Going Beyond Their Own Echo Chamber By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Feb 23, 2017 Have you seen headlines in your Facebook feed or at the bottom of an article that reads, "Hillary Clinton meets Osama Bin Laden" – with a picture of the two shaking hands? Or "President Obama's daughter, Malia, is pregnant"? Or "The process to impeach Donald Trump has begun"? Just to be clear, all of those stories are false. Hillary Clinton's picture was photoshopped; Malia's teen pregnancy and Donald Trump's impeachment are both patently false. It's fake news. CoastLine: MARBIONC Executive Principal Dan Baden on Developing Marine-Based Technology By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Feb 1, 2017 Marine Biology at the University of North Carolina – Wilmington is frequently held up as one of the highly-regarded programs there. Life and Marine Sciences were identified by a New Hanover County economic development analysis two and a half years ago as one of the existing strengths for the Cape Fear region and one that should be exploited. CoastLine: The Evolving Field of Special Education By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Jan 27, 2017 UNCW As North Carolina legislators begin a new long session in Raleigh, both political parties have pointed to education as an area needing attention. The first day of the session, Republican lawmakers filed a bill in the House to address class sizes. That's because last year, a newly-passed law reduced maximum class size – but came with no additional state funding. That left some school systems looking down the barrel of cutting in other areas – such as arts and physical education. That will be addressed this session. And Democratic Governor Roy Cooper has listed education – particularly CoastLine: Universal Design – A Step Beyond Accessibility By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Jan 26, 2017 Wikimedia Commons Listen Listening... / 49:58 Listen to CoastLine here. When you think of an accessible space, you might picture a ramp to the side door of a building, big metal grab bars next to a toilet, or a button with a wheelchair insignia that automatically opens doors. But a concept called Universal Design is gaining traction. CoastLine: Being a Woman of Color in Academia By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Jan 13, 2017 Listen Listening... / 50:00 Listen to CoastLine here. North Carolina ranks 9th in the nation for most racial progress: that's according to a new analysis published by WalletHub, a personal finance website that frequently publishes analyses based on demographic statistics. CoastLine: The Ability Spectrum, From Olympic Athlete to Death By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Jan 4, 2017 Marion Post Wolcott / Library of Congress When you think about disability and how you define it, what comes to mind? A child who doesn't learn through conventional methods? An older person who struggles to get groceries from the car to the front door? Do you imagine a person in a wheelchair? One disability researcher says our binary view of ability or lack of it is misguided; ability spans a spectrum from Olympic-level athleticism to death – and we're all somewhere on that spectrum. On this edition of CoastLine, we explore how we look at disability and what impact those views have on all of us. CoastLine: After Election Season, Resolving Conflict at the Thanksgiving Table By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Nov 17, 2016 "Crazy Thanksgiving" by Louish Pixel on Flickr Creative Commons -- https://www.flickr.com/photos/louish/ Did you vote for Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, Gary Johnson, or Jill Stein? Are you pro-life or pro-choice? How do you feel about immigration? Do you refer to people living in the United States illegally as illegal aliens or people who are undocumented? Friday Feedback for November 4, 2016 By Cleve Callison • Nov 4, 2016 original: By ManuelFD - Own work fuente propia, CC BY 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=11368669 Listen Listening... / 3:28 Last week I played a call by a fan of our on-air campaign, and got this email in response: "I really like WHQR. I'm a long time listener .. & I do contribute to your support. But I *HATE* your awful begging for money (on-air). Yes, I know someone called in & said he thought it was well done. I'm on the other side of that coin; it is awful. I find another station to listen to when you start & continue to run your terrible begging for financial support. Why can't you do it quietly, like other charities?. . . Communique: Experience A Day Of College Classes Whatever Your Age Or Background |UNCW's College Day By Gina Gambony • Oct 11, 2016 College Day at UNCW isn't for regular college students. It's for the community. On Saturday, October 29th, non-students of any age can attend 4 classes, plus have lunch, at UNCW. The deadline to register is this Friday, October 21st. Dr. Richard Ogle, the Associate Dean of the College of Arts & Sciences and Professor of Psychology, joined us to talk about the event. CoastLine: As Opposition to HB2 Grows, NC Rep. Millis Defends its Intent By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Apr 20, 2016 Planting Peace / MFI Governor Pat McCrory signed North Carolina House Bill 2 into law on March 23, 2016. Popularly known as the "Bathroom Bill," the legislation catapulted the state into the national spotlight for requiring people to use the bathroom that corresponds to the gender on their birth certificate. The Public Facilities Privacy and Security Act also restricts local governments' ability to raise the minimum wage or pass anti-discrimination ordinances of their own. CoastLine: The case for and against the $2 billion Connect NC Bond By Rachel Lewis Hilburn & Isabelle Shepherd • Mar 2, 2016 governor.nc.gov Voters are hearing plenty about this dramatic presidential campaign season. Even locally, New Hanover County has its own mini-drama underway with a very public rift in the Republican Party and a fierce primary battle for three seats on the Board of Commission. But the Connect NC Bond has not enjoyed the same breadth of air time. We'll take a look at why even the news media seems to be playing catch-up. CoastLine: Community Conversations Aim to Foster Understanding Between Police and Citizens By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Feb 3, 2016 Wilmington Police Department Listen Listening... / 49:52 Listen to CoastLine here. CoastLine: New Year, New You? By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Jan 6, 2016 If you're part of that 45% of Americans who make New Year's resolutions in hopes of becoming healthier, more successful, more mindful, whatever it is – congratulations. But here's something to consider: out of that group, only 8% are likely to succeed with their resolutions. Comedian John Oliver recently had some fun with the fact that if you haven't yet broken your resolutions, statistically, you're about to... Along with that bit of New Year's cheer, he offers some advice: Fear of Discrimination can Cause LGBT Seniors to Isolate More, Fail to get Medical Care By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Dec 16, 2015 Chalmers Butterfield Health disparities between white America and racial and ethnic minorities are well-documented. The American Psychological Association says those disparities continue into the senior years – with minorities less likely to get medical help – and more likely to face chronic diseases such as obesity and diabetes. But race isn't the only determining factor for seniors who struggle with access to adequate health care. Docutime Film Festival 2017 at UNCW By Emily Fulbright • Nov 17, 2015 Once again, a dedicated community of documentary-lovers can experience sophisticated and inspiring entertainment from around the world. Saturday, February 4th marks Wilmington's 14th annual DocuTime one-day documentary film festival. DocuTime has established a solid reputation for bringing acclaimed documentaries to the big screen in Wilmington. CoastLine: UNCW Chancellor Jose "Zito" Sartarelli Says Strategic Plan Will Be In Place By December By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Aug 26, 2015 University of North Carolina Wilmington Listen Listening... / 49:59 Listen to the full episode here. UPDATE: 8/26, 4:49 pm: an earlier version of this story contained the wrong audio for Segment 2, below. It was last summer that the University of North Carolina at Wilmington said goodbye to Chancellor Gary Miller who left for the University of Wisconsin at Green Bay after three years at UNCW. This summer, the Board of Trustees announced that Jose "Zito" Sartarelli would officially take the helm July 1st. CoastLine: Diversity at UNCW, CFCC, and in the Broader Community By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Jun 5, 2015 Listen Listening... / 49:56 Listen to the full episode here. By the year 2060, the United States will have no clear racial majority. CoastLine: New Science Reinforces Alzheimer's Risk Can be Mitigated through Lifestyle Changes By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Jun 5, 2015 National Institute on Aging This broadcast of CoastLine originally aired on May 13, 2015. The onset of Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia can be one of the more terrifying aspects of growing older. While the risk of cognitive impairment increases with age, it is not considered a normal part of the aging process. CoastLine: Science Panel Weighs in on Potential Impacts of Seismic Testing off NC Coast By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Jun 5, 2015 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries This broadcast of CoastLine originally aired on April 22, 2015. It was just one week ago that Governor Pat McCrory testified in front of the House subcommittee on Energy and Mineral Resources about oil and gas exploration off the North Carolina coast. CoastLine: Food Deserts, Food Production, and the New View of the American Lawn By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Jun 5, 2015 Natalie Maynor This broadcast of CoastLine originally aired on April 15, 2015. A new culture of foodies and environmentalists has popularized the notion of organic, locally-sourced food. And as the foodie community grows in the region, so does the divergence between the people who can afford to make healthier, more sustainable choices, and the people who suffer from food insecurity – which can mean not knowing where the next meal is coming from – or having to choose between paying an electric bill and buying food. CoastLine: Nnenna Freelon, The Clothesline Muse, and Williston's 100th Year By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Jun 5, 2015 This broadcast of CoastLine originally aired on March 25, 2015. The clothesline: it's an old-fashioned, even quaint, installation that's fading from modern culture, but the metaphor it offers is the centerpiece of a new show called The Clothesline Muse playing Kenan Auditorium this Saturday. CoastLine: Third Wave Feminism Still Struggles with Wage Gap, Glass Ceiling By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Jun 5, 2015 Library of Congress This broadcast of CoastLine originally aired on March 18, 2015. March is Womens' History Month. This month doesn't share the longevity of, say, Black History Month. It wasn't until 1981 that Congress passed a resolution asking the President to proclaim one week in March as "Women's History Week." Over the next five years, Congress passed annual resolutions designating "Women's History Week." Cultural Competence is Core Value for UNCW's Chief Diversity Officer By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • May 27, 2015 Listen Listening... / 1:11 Listen to the story here. The University of North Carolina at Wilmington has hired its first Chief Diversity Officer. Most Local Farmers Markets not Equipped for Food Assistance Programs By Rachel Lewis Hilburn • Apr 16, 2015 Joe Mabel Listen Listening... / 1:05 Listen to the audio version here. Clarification: Dr. Leslie Hossfeld, Executive Director of Feast Down East and Chair of UNCW's Sociology Department, says there are two Feast Down East weekly Fresh Markets in Wilmington which accept EBT cards: Fresh Market at Rankin TerraceFridays, 10 am – 12:00 pmOpen Year RoundLocated: Corner of 12th St. & Rankin St., Wilmington Fresh Market at HillcrestFridays, 1:30pm – 4pmOpen Year RoundLocated: Corner of S. 13th St & Meares St. ---------------------------------------------------------- North Carolina ranks fifth in the nation for food insecurity. Pages1 2 3 next › last »


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I Paint to Cd's
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support
How It BeganWhen I was 16 I was taking classes at the local Community College. Painting classes. (So I suppose it should follw that i go through college as an art major. lol) But one of the projects we had to do was to paint to music. Paint however we felt when that music was on. Paint...
CarrieCroW 22-25, F 0 Jun 11, 2007


text: John Coltrane John Coltrane John Coltrane Jazz, taking its roots in African American folk music, has evolved, metamorphosed, and transposed itself over the last century to become a truly American art form. More than any other type of music, it places special emphasis on innovative individual interpretation. Instead of relying on a written score, the musician improvises. For each specific period or style through which jazz has gone through over the past seventy years, there is almost always a single person who


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Disclaimer: I do not own the rights to "The Office."
Pam totally wasn't jealous of Karen. She couldn't be -- there was no way she could be, right? There was no reason. Sure, Karen was beautiful and stylish and funny and she was dating Jim, but they were friends, you know? And it wasn't like Pam had any claim to Jim. It wasn't like magically, just because she'd called off her wedding, everything that had happened between her and Jim on Casino Night just went away.
So she shouldn't even care at all if he dated someone else, even if it was someone that worked in the office and she had to see them flirting and holding hands and going out to lunch and kissing good-bye at the end of the day.
Pam wasn't jealous. She didn't think jealousy made you feel like you were going to cry.


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- Cars
- New cars
- Hyundai
- Hyundai Elite i20
- Reviews
- Many in one
Many in one
User review on Hyundai Elite i20 written by Vivaan mehra on 28 June 2015
Vivaan mehra's review on Hyundai Elite i20 Sportz 1.2
Year of Manufacture : 2011 | Driven no. of Kms. : 85000
- Pros: Boot space and mileage
- Cons: One Airbag only
I do Agree with Mrs. Kapoor on spaciousness. Hyundai i20 is very spacious but interior is fitted with bad quality plastic. This car has only one airbag which is shocking for me because Hyundai is charging lot more than it is offering. Interior is spacious with a large boot space of 285 liters with fully automatic AC which automatically maintains with cluster ionizer. This car has more interior features of 2-Din Audio system with 1 GB memory, Height and head rests adjustable driving seat, Front console armrest with storage space with cup holders, Seat back pocket and Glove box cooling
Read more →
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htSuccess Through Stillness: Meditation Made Simple [Russell Simmons] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Master entrepreneur, original hip-hop mogul, and New York Times bestselling author Russell Simmons shares the most fundamental key to success—meditation—and guides readers to use stillness as a powerful tool to access their potential. In the New York Times bestseller Super Rich
|Scooped by Angela Watkins


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At its most basic level, a web site takes on the role yellow page ads used to fill. Few people still page through phone books to look up a phone number. Most tap their mobile devices and keyboards instead. Web sites as listings open up room for valuable, more detailed information, helping your clients get to know you and your offerings.
Customers who become familiar with your products, services, and policies begin their relationships with you already on the right track. Managing client expectations poses a challenge for most businesses. Your clients will find overviews and details about your products and services, your policies, how to reach you, and what to expect, all at their fingertips whenever they want to know.
Your site can empower you to expand your client base through ecommerce, or streamline and improve your customer service with online tools that help your visitors reach out to you on their schedule.


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Providing the Best Place to Work and Train
SERFCA have been commissioned to upgrade the facilities for 637 Volunteer Glider Squadron, by refurbishment of the former Fire station, building a new aircraft Hangar & Training Accommodation block.
Phase 3, the accommodation facility, is now under way.
SERFCA are currently in Contract with WERNICK Buildings Ltd to provide 3 new Joint Cadet Centres for the ACF &ATC, Didcot, Wokingham & Witney to replace outdated single accommodation huts with modern factory built shared multi use facilities.


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- Restaurants
- Gym
- Doctor
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- Parking
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Click Here for Directions
Dawson Forest Apartments is located in Dawsonville, Georgia, about a half-mile from the North Georgia Premium Outlets! Dawsonville is a North Georgia city about an hour north of Atlanta. Area attractions include Lake Lanier, Amicalola Falls, the Home Depot Shopping Center, and a variety of area restaurants, including Osaka Steak & Sushi, Ryan's, and Kani House Japanese Steak and Sushi. Dawson Forest Apartments is minutes away from historic Downtown Dawsonville, a terrific shopping destination.
Driving Directions
From Atlanta: Take GA 400 North until you see the North Georgia Premium Outlet Mall on the left. Continue straight until you see Kaufman Tire on the right (approximately 1/4 of a mile) and turn right onto Beartooth Parkway. The entrance to Dawson Forest Apartments will be the 2nd road on the right.
From the North: Take GA 400 South until you cross through the intersection of GA Hwy. 53. Turn left at Kaufman Tire (approximately 1/4 of a mile) onto Beartooth Parkway. The entrance to Dawson Forest Apartments will be the 2nd road on the right.
Sawnee EMC: 770-887-2363 (Electricity)
Windstream Communications: 706-216-5300 (Telephone & Internet)
DirecPath: 1-866-430-7284 (Cable & Internet)
Kilough Elementary School: 706-216-8595
Riverview Middle School: 706-216-4849
Dawson County High School: 706-265-6555


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England's joker Wayne Rooney runs wild
England 4 Slovakia 0
Capello consigns Owen to history books | Tony Cascarino: Owen needs fresh start | Debate: should Owen still have an England future? | England player ratings | Crouch points finger at Skrtel over injury | Match report: England 4 Slovakia 0 | Patrick Barclay: Gerrard and Rooney provide great double act | Matt Dickinson: Capello happy to gamble on Lennon | Graphic: how the home nations are shaping up
The mere mention of Wayne Rooney's name is enough to soften the craggy features of Fabio Capello. Last week the England manager called him a "crazy man" but on Saturday evening he preferred to use the word "joker". Apply the same two words to one man, as Capello did, and you are left with an image…