text:
The Castle Triathlon Series Terms & Conditions 2017
"Adult" means a male of female participant aged 16 year of over
"Bastion" means a full iron or long distance Event format for adults including a 3.8km swim, a 180.2km bike ride and a 42.2km run taking place at Hever Castle in July.
"Charity" means the charity that has reserved the Charity Participant's place in the Event.
"Charity Entry, Charity Place" means the distance format undertaken without payment by a participant in exchange for a specified fundraising pledge specified by the Charity. Subject to terms laid out at the end of this document under "Macmillan Cancer Support Terms & Conditions – Castle Triathlon Series"
"Charity Participant" means the person named on the Charity bond registration.
"Child or Children" means a child aged between 8 and 12 years, as of the 31st December in the year of participation.
"Conditions" means these terms and conditions of entry for the Event.
"CTS" means Castle Triathlon Series
"Cut-off Time" means the limit on the time taken to complete sections of the Event.
"Dual Discipline Event" means any two of the three Olympic triathlon disciplines.
"Entry Fee" means the price of entry into the Event as set out in the Entry Form.
"Entry Form" means the online registration website pages which must be completed in order to participate in the Event.
"Evening Series" means Events taking place at Hever Castle.
"Event" means the event named on the Entry Form created by the Event Organiser.
"Event Information" means information provided by the Event Organiser in relation to the Event.
"Event Organiser" means Matrix Events Limited a company registered in England & Wales with company registration number 4225277. Castle Triathlon Series is a trading division of Matrix Events Limited.
"Gauntlet" "Le Gantelet" means a half iron or middle distance format for adults including a 1900m swim, a 90km bike and a 21km run taking place at all Castle Triathlon Series venues.
"Junior" means a child aged between 13 and 15 years, as of the 31st December in the year of participation.
"Long distance Aquathlon" means distance format for adults including either a 1900m swim and 10.5km run or a 3800m swim, and 21km run taking place at Hever Castle Triathlon in July.
"Long Distance Aquabike" means distance format for adults including either a 1900m swim and 60km bike or a 3800m swim, and 120km bike taking place at Hever Castle Triathlon in July.
"Long Distance Run" means distance format for adults including either a 21.1km run or a 42.2km run taking place at Hever Castle Triathlon in July.
"Long Distance Swim" means distance format for adults including either a 1900m swim or a 3800m swim taking place at Hever Castle Triathlon in July.
"Mixed relay" means the distance format 250m swim, a 5km bike and a 1.5km run.
"Olympic" means the standard Olympic distance format except at Cholmondeley Castle and Castle Howard where, due to the limitations of the local road networks, the bike sections are slightly longer (44km and 46km respectively).
"Participant" means the person or persons named on the Entry Form who will be participating in the Event.
"Preparation Day" means a training day on a date notified by the Event Organiser for Participants in relation to Triathlon or Dual Discipline Events.
"Relay" means a group of 2 or 3 individuals who undertake the Event as a relay ie, one swims, one cycles and one runs.
"Sprint" means the Event distance format at the Lough Cutra Castle venue, which includes a 750m swim, a 20km bike and an 5km run.
"Sprint Plus"means the distance format at each venue, which includes a 800m swim, a 40km bike (subject to slight variations in distance dependent on the Event) and an 8km run.
"Super Sprint" means the distance format for adults including a 400m swim, a 20km bike (subject to slight variations in distance dependent on the Event) and a 4km run.
"Starter Sprint" means the distance format for adults including a 200m swim, a 10km bike (subject to slight variations in distance dependent on the Event) and a 2km run.
"Static Triathlon" means the Event distance format of a 3 minute swim in an endless pool, 4 minutes on a cycle ergometer and a 3 minute run on a treadmill at the Pop Up City Triathlon.
"Training Day" means a training day on a date notified by the Event Organiser for Participants in relation to Triathlon or Dual Discipline Events.
"Wave Number" means a specific number allocated to a group of swimmers to commence their Event.
"Wave Time" means a specific time allocated for the start of a specific wave.
1. Acceptance of Conditions
These Conditions shall apply in place of and prevail over any terms or conditions (whether or not in conflict or inconsistent with these Conditions) contained or referred to in any documentation submitted by the Participant or in correspondence or elsewhere or implied by trade custom, practice or course of dealing. A variation of these Conditions is only valid if the Event Organiser gives notice to the Participant in writing in any official Event material or correspondence prior to the Event (including via email or other electronic means). The Participant shall be deemed to have accepted these Conditions upon completion of the Entry Form or in the case of Charity Participants, by completion of entry forms provided by their designated Charity. By accessing and or completing the Entry Form, the Participant is agreeing to the Event Organiser making use of the data provided on the Entry Form for Event Information purposes and other marketing communications organised by the Event Organiser. The Event Organiser agrees that the Event Form email and or postal address data will not be passed on to any third parties. All references to Participants shall include Charity Participants unless expressly stated otherwise.
2. Participation
2.1 The Participant acknowledges that participation in the Event is physically strenuous. It is acknowledged that participation in the Event will be physically demanding and the Participant is aware of the nature of the Event and associated medical and physical risks involved.
2.2 The Participant agrees that he/she is physically capable of competing in the Event and agrees to be solely responsible for his/her actions and the Event Organiser, its officers, employees, agents, affiliates, associated companies, sponsors or medical advisers are not responsible for any injury or illness that the Participant may suffer as a result of his/her participation in the Event (unless caused due to the negligence of the Event Organiser). The Participant accepts that should any medical or physical condition arise prior to the Event which is likely to affect his/her ability to compete, the Participant will withdraw in accordance with these Conditions. The Participant acknowledges the exclusion of liability and indemnity provided in clause 5 of these Conditions.
2.3 The Participant agrees to abide by all applicable rules and regulations of the relevant sporting governing bodies, including British Triathlon Federation (BTF), Triathlon Ireland ("TI") and the Fédération Française de Triathlon ("FFT"), that oversee the Event competition and Doping rules and the rules and regulations of the International Triathlon Union ("ITU"). The Participant shall not be entitled to a refund of the Event Fees if he or she is disqualified from the Event as a result of an infringement of these Conditions or any such rules and regulations. The Event Organiser is also entitled to impose Event rules upon the Participant from time to time which will form part of these Conditions. The relevant rules and regulations for triathlon Events may be obtained from www.castletriathlonseries.co.uk/races/rules/ and the www.britishtriathlon.org and www.triathlon.org or the equivalent websites in France and Ireland.
2.4 The Participant must complete the registration process (including if required to rack their bike) at the times and on the day as instructed by the Event Information, which will be issued by the Event Organiser before the Event.
2.5 It is the Participant's responsibility to provide and use a roadworthy bicycle, helmet, or other safety requirements to ensure compliance with BTF, FFT or TI rules and regulations (depending on the country in which the race is held). If required the Participant will supply their bike for inspection.
2.6 It is the Participant's responsibility to provide and use a wetsuit which complies with BTF rules and regulations.
2.7 The Event Organiser may introduce Cut-off Times as they see fit as part of the Event rules, being limits on the time taken to complete sections of the Event (as initiated by the Event Organiser at its discretion) to ensure the safe and proper running of the Event. Subsequently, competitors may be instructed to withdraw from the Event or race in accordance with imposed Cut-off Times.
2.7.1 For the avoidance of doubt, no refund of the Entry Fee will be made to the Participant if they do not meet the Cut-off Times imposed by the Event Organiser and advertised on the Event Organiser's website.
2.8 The Event Organiser reserves the right at any time to remove Participants from the Event or prevent Participants participating in the Event if in the Event Organiser's sole discretion, it considers such action necessary for safety reasons or the proper enjoyment of the Event by other Participants or for any other reasonable reason, including but not limited to the imposition of a Cut-off Time. No refund of the Event Fee shall be made if the Participant has acted negligently, maliciously, with wilful misconduct or otherwise without due care and attention for the Event or other participants, so as to cause his/her removal.
2.9 At registration, the Participant may be asked to produce appropriate photographic personal identification at the sole discretion of the Event Organiser (such as drivers licence or passport)
2.10 While the Event Organiser takes every care with the staging of the Event, the Participant acknowledges that personal accident and personal items insurance is his or her sole responsibility.
2.11 16 years old is the minimum age of entry for the Starter Sprint, Super Sprint and 18 years old is the minimum age of entry for the Sprint Plus and Olympic Distance, Half Iron and Full Iron Events is as of 31 December in the year in which the participant is competing. Participants under this age may participate in the distance Event at the sole discretion of the Event Organiser and with a signed Consent From by the Participant's parent or guardian.
2.12 All decisions and rulings by the Event Organiser, its employees and its agents are considered final. Accordingly, the Participant will comply with all Event rules and all instructions and guidelines given by stewards, marshals, and safety personnel. The Participant acknowledges and agrees that the Event Organiser will organise and run the Event and will have sole authority and be the final arbiter on all decisions relating to the safety, running and organisation of the Event, the rules of the Event, the timings/finish times and the placings.
2.13 These Conditions are personal to the Participant and it may not assign any of its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Event Organiser. The Participant represents and warrants that the Entry is purchased for personal use only, that it cannot be donated free of charge or otherwise given away for free (other than by an authorised Charity for Charity Participants), and that it is not purchased as part of any form of business or commercial activity (save as expressly authorised by the Event Organiser), and in particular, that the Entry may not be resold or offered for resale by anyone whether at a premium or otherwise and may not be used for advertising, promotion use as a prize (including in competitions and sweepstakes), travel packages, or for any other trade purposes. Donation, give away, resale or attempted resale is grounds for seizure or cancellation without refund or other compensation.
2.14 The Participant acknowledges and accepts that circumstances concerning an Event may change from time to time for reasons out of the Event Organiser's reasonable control or otherwise, without the Event Organiser incurring any liability and without any rights to withdrawal being accrued by the Participant other than set out in clause 4 below. By way of example, and for illustration purposes only, car parking arrangements, rules regarding wet suits, and issues with hotels, may arise/change but such changes/issues will not allow the Participant to withdraw and nor will the Event Organiser be deemed liable except as otherwise set out herein.
3. Bookings and Payments (not applicable to Charity Participants)
3.1 In consideration for being granted the right to participate, the Participant must pay the Entry Fee set out on the Entry Form.
3.2 The Participant shall complete the Entry Form online and submit it together with payment of the Entry Fee online in accordance with the Event Organisers' website.
3.3 The Participant shall not be eligible or entitled to participate in the Event until full payment of the Entry Fee has been received by the Event Organiser. No payment shall be deemed to have been received until the Event Organiser has received cleared funds.
4. Withdrawal, Cancellations or Alterations
4.1 This clause 4 shall not apply to Charity Participants. All cancellations, refunds or withdrawals
by Charity Participants must be taken up directly with their designated Charity. No refunds
(mentioned in this clause 4) shall be made directly to any individual Charity Participant in any
4.2 For all other Participants, the Event Organiser operates a 7 day cooling off period. Accordingly, the Participant is entitled to cancel his/her application to participate provided the Event Organiser receives written notice of cancellation within 7 days of payment of the Event Fee (payment being deemed made for the purposes of this clause 4.2 by clicking on the make payment link on the secure payment webpage). During this 7 day period the Participant is able to cancel its entry and receive a full refund of the Event Fee by emailing email@example.com or writing to the Event Organiser, Matrix Events Ltd, The Old Bank, Penshurst Rd, Penshurst, Kent TN11 8DB. The notice must be received before the end of the 7 day cooling off period.
4.3 The Event Organiser reserves the right to alter the start time of the Event. In the event of a change of start time the Participants will be notified of the revised start time with as much notice as reasonably practicable. No refund in full or in part shall be made for any change in start time for an Event provided the Event takes place on the specified date of the Event.
4.4 The Event Organiser reserves the right to change the date of the Event. In the event of such change of date of the Event, and the Participant is unable to attend on the revised date, he/she has 14 days to inform the Event Organiser in writing from when the change in date is announced to receive a refund of their Entry Fee.
4.5 The Participant acknowledges that Participant places are limited and payment of the Event Fee and reservation of the place has an affect on logistics and the subscription for the Event. Accordingly, subject to clauses 4.2 and 4.4 above, the Participant may only withdraw from the Event at any time, subject to the following:
4.5.1 If the Participant withdraws from an Event 90 days or more before the Event is scheduled to take place, he/she will receive no refund. However upon written request, the Event Organiser will put the value of the race price paid by the Participant towards any Event the following year, provided such Event takes place. There may be an additional sum to be paid if race prices increase. The Participant accepts this option to defer their entry, the Participant must notify the Event Organiser of their intent to take up the deferred place and must complete the online Entry Form no later than 30 days prior to the following year's Event to secure their place. The Participant shall only be entitled to defer their entry once and for the following year.
4.5.2 If a Participant pulls out of the Event between 89 days and 8 days before the Event he/she will receive no refund from the Event Organiser and will not be entitled to a deferred place. However upon written request, the Event Organiser will reserve a place at the same Event the following year, subject to the Participant completing an Entry Form and paying the applicable entry fee for such event within the stipulated time limits for such event. The Participant must notify the Event Organiser of their intent to take up the place no later than 30 days prior to the following year's Event or within the stipulated time limits for such event, which ever is earlier.
4.5.3 If the Participant cancels their place at the Event within 7 days or less to the Event or if the Participant fails to register for the Event he/she will not be entitled to a refund, deferred option or a reserved entry for any future race or Event.
4.6 Specific events – If the Participant cancels a Training Day or if the Participant fails to register for the Event he/she will receive no refund or place at a different date.
4.7 The Event Organiser reserves the right to allow the Participant to move their Event to another Event in the same year. The Participant shall provide a written request stating clearly the desire to move to another Event. A £5.00 administration charge will levied by the Event Organiser.
4.8 Notice of withdrawal from the Event must be communicated by emailing firstname.lastname@example.com stating clearly your desire to withdraw and putting the word WITHDRAWAL in subject line of the email, or by writing to the Event Organiser at Matrix Events The Old Bank, Penshurst Rd, Penshurst, Kent TN11 8DB. Withdrawals WILL NOT be accepted by telephone. Date of receipt of notice will dictate what is offered for the following year in accordance with this clause 4.
4.9 Should places in any category for the Event be oversubscribed, the Event Organiser reserves the right to either offer the Participant a place in a suitable alternative category for such Event or withdraw the offer of a place.
4.10 In the event the Event Organiser withdraws the offer of a place to the Participant in the Event for any reason at any time it will provide the Participant with a full refund of the Event Fee, with no further liability whatsoever arising from such withdrawal. Notwithstanding this clause 4.10 no refund shall be made where otherwise set out herein (including (but not limited to) for the avoidance of doubt clauses 2.3, 2.7 and 2.8).
4.11 The Event Organiser reserves the right to amend the Event format at their sole discretion (such as by way of illustration from a Triathlon to a Dual Discipline Event or other suitable Event or race format) or cancel the Event due to circumstances beyond its reasonable control or for any safety related reason. In the event of the Event being cancelled there shall be no refund to the Participant with no further liability whatsoever arising from such cancellation. If the event is changed to a Dual Discipline Event or other format the Participant will not be entitled to any refund and there shall be no further liability whatsoever arising from such change of format.
4.12 The withdrawal policy set out in this clause 4 does not apply to Charity Participants whose places are the property of the Charity. All Charity Participants should revert to their chosen charity for further information or queries concerning withdrawal, cancellation or refunds.
5. Event Organiser Responsibilities/Liability
5.1 Notwithstanding anything in these Conditions the Event Organiser shall not be liable to the Participant for any liability in contract, tort (including negligence) or otherwise for any loss of business, revenue or profits, anticipated savings or wasted expenditure, loss or damage of or to personal equipment belonging to the Participant or any indirect or consequential loss or damage whatsoever (notwithstanding that such loss was within the contemplation of the parties at the date of submitting the Entry Form) arising out of the Participant taking part in the Event or any other matter arising under these Conditions nor for an aggregate amount greater than the Event Fee paid by the Participant. Without limiting the foregoing, the Event Organiser will not be liable for any actions of any spectators or other third parties unless otherwise set out herein.
5.2 Accordingly the Participant hereby expressly and irrevocably renounces, for him/herself, heirs and successors in title the right to any recourse or claims whatsoever against the Event Organiser, its officers, employees, suppliers and/or sponsors and/or persons for whom it is answerable ("Associated Parties") as a result of any kind of physical, mental or other loss or damage of whatsoever nature (including any loss of earnings, profits, or pain and suffering) suffered by the Participant, directly or indirectly, or by his/her family or by any dependents and caused by an event in any way relating to the Participant's participation in Event, and the Participant hereby undertakes, for him/herself, heirs and successors in title to indemnify and hold harmless the Event Organiser, and the Associated Parties for any costs and/or amount, which they or any of them may be required to pay as a result of any aforesaid recourse or claim by whomsoever made. The Participant also agrees to indemnify the Event Organiser and the Associated Parties for any claim, actions, liabilities or losses resulting from any breach of the Participant's declarations above and/or the Participant's negligent acts or omissions and/or wilful misconduct.
5.3 Nothing in these Conditions shall exclude or limit the liability of the Event Organiser:
5.3.1 for death or personal injury caused by the Event Organiser's negligence;
5.3.2 for fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation; or
5.3.3 for any matter which it would be illegal for the Event Organiser to exclude or attempt to exclude liability.
5.4 This clause 5 shall be read and construed and shall have effect subject to any limitation imposed by any applicable law.
6. Publicity and Results
6.1 The Participant irrevocably consents to:
6.1.1 his/her appearance in the Event being filmed, recorded, incorporated and exploited in whole or in part in any television programme, film, video or broadcast of whatever nature by all means and in all media and formats now or invented after the date of these Conditions; and
6.1.2 the use and reproduction of the Participant's name, likeness, appearance and photographs, films and recordings by all means and in all media for the purpose of advertising, publicity and otherwise in relation to the exploitation of the Event (and future events) and/or the promotion of the Event (and future events) and the commercial rights relating to the Event (and future events) provided that such use does not imply direct endorsement by the Participant of any official sponsor or supplier of the Event.
6.2 Any film, photographs (by camera or mobile phone), or any other recording of moving or still picture, and all intellectual property in connection therewith (including but not limited to copyright) shall remain the property of the Event Organiser, and where such intellectual property does not automatically vest in the Event Organiser, these Conditions shall constitute a legally binding assignment thereof and/or the Participant shall sign all reasonable documentation required to give affect thereto. Accordingly any such recording shall not be used other than for private use without the Event Organiser's prior written consent.
6.3 The Event Organiser will use best endeavours to provide an Event finish time for the Participant however it cannot be held responsible for any computer result anomalies or any technical malfunctions.
6.4 The Participant is made aware that the Event Organiser may make use of drones for the production of aerial video and photography. The Participant acknowledges that the drones may fly within less than 30m of the Participant before, during, or after the event and, by agreeing to these Terms and Conditions, authorises this use by the Event Organiser and or their subcontractors.
7. General
7.1 These Conditions (and the documents referred to therein) constitute the entire agreement and understanding of the parties and supersede any previous agreement between the parties relating to the Event. The Participant acknowledges and agrees that in submitting the Entry Form (and the documents referred to therein) it does not rely on, and shall have no remedy in respect of, any statement, representation, warranty, understanding, promise or assurance (whether negligently or innocently made) of any person (whether party to these Conditions or not) other than as expressly set out in these Conditions.
7.2 Nothing in these Conditions shall constitute or be deemed to constitute a partnership between the parties hereto or constitute or be deemed to constitute either party as agent of the other for any purpose whatsoever and neither party shall have authority or power to bind the other or to contract in the name of the other in any way or for any purpose.
7.3 No waiver by either party of a breach or a default hereunder shall be effective unless in writing and signed by both parties and any such waiver shall not be deemed to be a waiver of any subsequent breach or default of the same or similar nature.
7.4 To the extent permitted by law all provisions of these Conditions shall be severable and no provision shall be affected by the invalidity or unenforceability of any other provision with the remaining provisions if necessary, being so amended as shall be necessary to give effect to the spirit of these Conditions so far as possible.
7.5 These Conditions shall be interpreted in accordance with the laws of England and any dispute arising hereunder shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the English Courts.
Macmillan Cancer Support Terms & Conditions – Castle Triathlon Series
Charity place:
• For this Challenge you pledge to raise a minimum sponsorship target. Sponsorship targets vary and depend on your chosen distance; £200 for long distance swims, £500 for the Gauntlet or Bastion, and £350 for all other races. This pledge excludes any registration fee or gift aid. This sponsorship money should be received by Macmillan Cancer Support within one month of the Challenge. All funds raised through the Challenge must be payable to Macmillan Cancer Support in £ sterling. The objective is to raise as much sponsorship as possible.
All participants:
• You confirm that you are medically fit and that you participate in the event at your own risk. Macmillan Cancer Support will not be held responsible for injury or illness resulting from your participation.
• You understand that it is your responsibility to read any terms and conditions issued by the race organisers and to comply with these.
• You confirm you will be the minimum age on race day, as dictated by the race organisers. [If you are under 18, you confirm that you have informed a parent or guardian that you have joined Team Macmillan and are fundraising for this event.]
• You acknowledge that Macmillan Cancer Support may incur costs as a result of you joining Team Macmillan (e.g. cost of producing and sending fundraising pack/technical kit) for this challenge. The objective is to raise as much sponsorship as possible.
• Should you, for whatever reason, not take your place, all sponsorship forms and monies collected should be forwarded to Macmillan Cancer Support or returned to your sponsors.
• You have provided Macmillan information about you and consent to Macmillan using this data. You understand that it will be necessary for Macmillan to share the data with the race organisers in order to participate in this event.
• We do not sell or swap your details with any third parties, but in order to carry out our work we may need to pass your details to service companies authorised to act on our behalf.
• We will keep your details on our database so we can provide you with the best possible support every time you contact us.
• All participants, supporters and spectators, including friends and families who choose to attend the event confirm that they are happy for their names, video footage, photographs taken of them during the event to be used to publicise the event by Macmillan Cancer Support and its trading companies (Macmillan Cancer Support Trading Ltd and Macmillan Cancer Support Sales Ltd) for commercial and fundraising purposes including, but not limited to marketing material, television broadcasts, social media, advertising, publications, and other documents or mediums that may be made available to the public. Photographs of children will not be used in this manner without express written consent; unless the images are incidental, for example, children's images at the starting line. For further information about how we collect and use personal data, please refer to our Privacy Policy
• Macmillan Cancer Support would like to contact you (including by telephone) about our fundraising, campaigning and services for people affected by cancer. If you would prefer us not to use your details in this way please write to Macmillan Cancer Support, 89 Albert Embankment, London, SE1 7UQ, email on firstname.lastname@example.com or telephone us on 0300 1000 200.
• Any complaints can be made using our online feedback form, in writing to email@example.com or by phone on 0300 1000 200 as soon as possible after the event.


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authors note:i own nothing but two oc's. ENJOY
Pot Halloween
The summery of this is that the tennis regulars of seigaku meet a couple of new girls at school. Sakuno also meets a new boy. The new bunch know each other but there is something strange about them.
Story starting.
Narrator's pov
It was a bright day outside and the whole school was buzzing with news. New students and in October too. It wasn't always that they got new students when school had come so close to the end of the first grading period.
Also this was going to be the first year Seigaku was going to celebrate the western holiday called Halloween. This was also happening at other schools like Rikkadai and Hyote.
Class was about to began when six new faces showed up on the school grounds.
At sakuno and ryomas class[2nd year class aka 10th grade]
"Ryoma what do you think the new kids will look like?" a girl with shoulder length pig tails asked her long time friend
"Don't know Sakuno all I know is that they better not be annoying we have enough annoying people here" the boy with green tinted black haired boy replied.
"I guess your right." after that the teacher started to speak.
"Alright class we have two new students you to may come in now"
Two kids walked in a boy and a girl. Everyone looked at them in aww. Many of the guys were drooling and some of the girls squealed in delight.
The girl with brown hair and a red flower in her hair she was wearing a necklaces the shape of a crescent with a purple jewel in the center that seemed to be swirling mist in it to Ryoma and Sakuno. She also had a bat bracelet that looked as though the eyes were glowing. Even more odd was she was wearing the guy's uniform.
"Hello my name is karma neritora, I'm from… Transylvania. I love playing many sports and I'm hoping to get along with you all"*great smile* karma bows respectively to the class.
A boy with slightly spiked dark red hair in the boys uniform of course but had a weird looking pin that had weird writing on it. The pin was the color indigo and shaped like a sword
"Yo im kuro Makita im also from Transylvania and like sports me and karma have known each other for a while now." kuro also bowed respectively to the class.
With that there class started
Now for momos class(3rd year aka 11th grade)
"class we have a new student. You may come in now"
Then walked in a girl with a bandana on her head and a odd looking crescent that had a green jewel in the center that seemed to be swirling mist in it to momoshiro. She also had a bat bracelet that looked as though the eyes were glowing.[just as karmas] her hair was jet black under the bandana and went all the way to her shoulders but she had her hair in a bun under her bandana. She was in fact wearing the boy's uniform.
"Hi im kaoru kadioh im from Transylvania I like to play tennis and I'm not really social so I hope to get along with you all"*shy smile* bows to the class.
The guys in the class started whispering a lot of it was sort of negative about why she looked so boyish so….
Kaoru lifted her head and gave a glare that looked like a snake to the classroom "fshhhhh keep talking about me guys and you'll be in the hospital before the day is done same goes to the girls incase you start."
She walked to her seat sending a glare to every guy in the class and sat in her seat and class began
In Oishi and Tezuka class (3rd year aka 11th grader)
"Alright class we have two new students you may come in now"
Two girls in the girl's uniform came in. just like karma and kaoru they had the bracelet and jewel in the crescent. Although the girl with honey brown hair and closed eyes had a bright blue jewel and the girl with red hair and green bright happy eyes had a golden jewel.
The girl with short honey brown hair said "hello I'm Syuuka Fuji and me and my good friend here are both from Transylvania and we both play tennis and other sports.""*smiles and bows*
"My turn Fujiko I'm Eria kikumaru and im a happy person so I hope we get along"*smiles brightly and bows*
After that they went to their seats and class began
In Takashi's class (again 3rd years)
"New student please come in" The teacher called
A girl with shoulder length black hair walked in. she was wearing the girls uniform. Her hair had a rose in it but it wasn't red it was indigo with red rimed at the edges. She of course had the necklace and bracelet like the other girls but hers was bright red like fire.
"Hello im cris jutuno im from Transylvania and play many sports but I play tennis the most"*shy smiles and bows to class*.She goes to her seat and class starts
Time skip to lunch
"Two of the new students are in mine class a boy and a girl. I think their names are karma and kuro." Ryoma said in his usual bored tone.
"Yea two are in me and tezukas class. Two girls eria and syuuka" oishi said
"There is a new girl in my class. I believe her name is cris" said taka
"There is a girl named kaoru" said momoshiro "and she was not friendly"*sweat drop*
"Well did anything happen that would make her unfriendly momo" asked tezuka in a bored tone.
"I did hear the guys talk about the way she dressed and the comments weren't that flattering she heard their whispers o guess. She even hissed at the class like a snake." Momo shuddered.
"That would do it" Ryoma said slightly amused by his sempai's fear.
They all nodded in agreement
To the new kids
"Alright we have to act normal like we learned at the academy." Cris said with high authority.
"Got it." Kaoru said like the soldier she is.
"Of course." Karma said as cocky as ever.
"Understood!" Syuuka said with a mischievous smirk.
"I know." Eria said with a bright smile.
End of chapter 1
I only own karma and kuro the others are not mine just gender bender. I got bored it's the Halloween season to this is just to get me into the spirit of things.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
ELECTRONIC on-board recorders (EOBRs) and the Compliance, Safety, Accountability (CSA) program certainly will be used in litigation and likely will impact insurance availability and cost. These programs also mean more government oversight and more potential for costly fines.
These were several of the points made by Attorney Robert T Franklin during the National Tank Truck Carriers (NTTC) 63rd Annual Conference May 22-24 in Bal-timore, Maryland.
Even though EOBRs have not yet been mandated for the entire trucking industry by the federal government, plaintiff attorneys already are using EOBR data when it is available, according to Franklin. Plaintiff attorneys also see CSA as a new tool for lawsuits.
The on-board systems can provide objective evidence, such as vehicle speed, driving times, and hard braking events. CSA data includes roadside inspection reports for carriers and drivers.
Franklin cautioned that even when there is no specific evidence of wrongdoing by the driver or fleet, plaintiff attorneys could try to use data from either source to suggest a pattern of bad behavior.
"Plaintiff attorneys could use the data to draw attention away from the facts of an accident when the facts don't support the claims of their client," he said. "They want to paint the company or the driver as the bad guy. They might use the data to support punitive damage claims that could expose a defendant to unlimited damages.
"If you know your driver is at fault, it is sometimes better to admit liability. That can limit the scope of the lawsuit, and it eliminates a lot of this evidence from consideration. It reduces the issue to just the amount of injury."
Franklin cautioned carriers that they must protect all of the data from EOBRs and other sources following an event that could lead to litigation. "You have a duty to protect that information."
Lawsuits aren't the only legal costs connected to CSA and EOBRs. Both programs are almost certain to bring increased fines from enforcement agencies. "CSA, in particular, will be a revenue enhancer for the federal government," he said.
CSA scores could impact the ability of a fleet to obtain liability insurance. "Your insurance company also may refuse to cover certain of your drivers," Franklin said.
He cautioned fleet executives on shipper and broker contracts that contain CSA-related language. "You don't want to sign contracts that would hold your company in breach or default based on CSA scores," he said. "You need to argue that you follow best practices that are 'good enough for DOT.'"
Franklin went on to say that despite the litigation risks and potential for increased fines, he believes EOBRs and CSA are good for the industry. "Drivers are more likely to do a better job with hours-of-service logs and vehicle inspections if the company is watching over their shoulders," he said. "Drivers will have to take more responsibility for their own actions. These programs will help trucking companies do a better job of driver management, and they will help weed out bad actors before litigation exposure."
By improving the accuracy of driver logs, EOBRs should help fleets improve CSA scores and avoid fines. In addition, it is very difficult, if not impossible, for drivers to falsify electronic logs. ♦
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text:
History of Number Systems Scrapbook
Babylonian Number System
The Babylonian Number System has been around for over 4000 years.
This system was base 60 and used only two symbols: vertical wedge to represent one and a corner wedge to represent ten.
Cuneiform numbers were written using a combination of the two wedges.
There was no symbol for zero, but they did use the concept of zero by leaving a blank space.
Egyptian Number System
The Egyptian Number System was a decimal base system.
The Egyptians used a written numeration that was later changed into hieroglyphic symbols.
There was a special symbol for each power of ten.
The Egyptians did not have an understanding of zero.
Greek Number System
The Greek Number System is all based upon their alphabet.
The Greek alphabet contained 27 different symbols and is a combination of created symbols and borrow symbols.
The 27 symbols were combined together to represent any number up to 1000 and they used a comma after the first row of symbols to create numbers up to 10,000.
The Greek's did not have a concept of zero.
Mayan Number System
The Mayans use a vigesimal system that had a base of 20.
A dot was the symbol that represented numbers one through four and a dash represented five.
Their numbers were written vertically instead of horizontally.
The first five five place values were based on multiples of 20.
The Mayans did have a concept of zero and even created a symbol.
Combination of the vertical and corner wedges
The Babylonian Number System was founded on the clay mathematical tablet called Plimpton 322
Egyptian Hieroglyphic Symbols
The Egyptian Number System has been discovered on this piece of math history called the Rhind papyrus
This is a tablet of the 27 Greek alphabet symbols. They combined these symbols to create numbers up to 10,000.
A Mayan long count calender that provides evidence of the Mayan Number System.
Tablet of the different combinations of the two symbols that the Mayans used and their symbol for zero.
Hindu-Arabic Number System
The Hindu-Arabic Number System is the number system that we use and is widely used across the world.
This system uses ten different digits that can be combined together to represent all numbers.
This system is a base ten decimal system.
This system uses a place value system from right to left.
The Hindu-Arabic System was additive and multiplicative.
Hindu-Arabic Numeration System. (2008, January 1). Hindu-Arabic numeration system. Retrieved May 11, 2014, from http://www.basic-mathematics.com/hindu-arabic-numeration-system.html
Holt, L. (n.d.). Egyptian Number System . Number Systems. Retrieved May 11, 2014, from http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/topics/num-sys.html
Mercer, M. (n.d.). Mayan Number System. Number Systems. Retrieved May 11, 2014, from http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/topics/num-sys.html
Sorum, E. (n.d.). Greek Number System. Number Systems. Retrieved May 11, 2014, from http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/topics/num-sys.html
Troutman, J. (n.d.). Babylonian Number System . Number Systems. Retrieved May 11, 2014, from http://www.math.wichita.edu/history/topics/num-sys.html
This is the book
Liber Abaci
written by Fibonacci in 1202. Fibonacci is given credit for bringing the Hindu-Arabic system to the western world.
(Troutman, J. )
(Holt, L. )
(Sorum, E. )
(Mercer, M. )
(Hindu-Arabic Numeration System)
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History of Number Systems Scrapbook
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All posts tagged: Procedural
Live Rendering of Heightfields in RS
Heightfields are a nice addition to Houdini 16 for environment work. They more or less replicate the functionality of programs like Worldmachine. In today's tutorial Manuel shows you how to create a terrain from scratch in Houdini and how to render it directly in Redshift3D, without baking out textures manually.
Special Guest Tutorial: Shortest Path Growth
Colored Trails (Point Advection & Rendering)
One of the great things about the Houdini community is that we're always confronted with clever questions and with clever answers too. "How do I color strands using an image's color palette?" was the comment on Vimeo that led to this setup. Yet when talking about coloring polylines we also need to discuss rendering them.
Differential Mesh Growth
Differential Line Growth
This is a classic effect in Houdini. I stumbled upon it over at Odforce. As you will see from that thread there are many elaborate ways of achieving this kind of growing curve. However we're gonna build a very simple version which yet offers a nice way of controlling growth by passing along values from a noise field. Hope you have fun!
Quick Tip: Organic Voronoi Patterns
Loops & Subdivisions
Rrecently two projects caught my eye – one is called "Subdivisions" by Adam Heslop, the other one is the new SideFX Ident by Simon Holmedal. Both employ (as far as I can guess) a technique to subdivide a selected part of a mesh over and over. In this video we're gonna set up a simple version of a similar algorithm. Also included is a neat trick how to efficiently render splines in Mantra.
Mandelbrot and Mandelbulb
The Mandelbrot set – the mythical King of fractals. The one that started the whole fractal craze in the 80s and 90s. In this video we'll implement not only a classic Mandelbrot set that will yield the omnipresent image of that weirdish ridged shape, but we're also gonna build a setup that will allow us to generate a 3-dimensional realtive of it: The Mandelbulb.
Quicktip: Abstract Shapes
After publishing the VDB denting tutorial, we received some questions regarding how we created the geometry used in the preview rendering for that tutorial. In this quicktip we'll show you how to create the organic shapes we used when testing that setup. It's a neat combination of geometry and VDBs.


text: If you've seen the homemade wood scratch repair recipe, this is basically the same thing, only you're adding essential oils for a pleasant smell, and storing it in a convenient spray bottle. You'll never want to buy Pledge again! I'm telling you, this stuff works wonders on wood furniture. Not only does it hide small imperfections in the wood and give it a nice healthy shine, but it also works as a dust repellent, making your job a little easier.


text:
GraphicRiver Yellow Clock 7399904
Stock Vector \ Objects
Ticking \ Stainless \ Vintage \ Yellowyellow \ Timetable \ Repairer \ Deadline
Stock Vector - Yellow Clock 7399904 by vectorshape @ GraphicRiver
Stock Vector \ Objects
yellow retro alarm clock, eps8
Layered: No; Graphics Files Included: JPG Image, Vector EPS; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS.
Website Template for Business Presentation; Register and Login From Your Smartphone; Website Template; Old Black Bicycle; Bull Heads; UI Elements; Go Vote.
Keywords: alarm, bell, chronometer, circle, classic, clock, clock repairer, deadline, hammer, hour, mechanism, metallic, minute, moment, morning, number, old, retro, second, sign, stainless, steel, tick-tack, ticking, time, timetable, vintage, wake up, yellow.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 1, 2001
|Filing date
|Sep 15, 1998
|Priority date
|Feb 5, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Lawrence Chee, Barinder Singh Rai, Brett Cheng
|Original Assignee
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (28), Referenced by (26), Classifications (9), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/036,482, which was filed on Mar. 6, 1998 U.S. Pat. No. 5,956,049, as a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/596,953, which was filed on Feb. 5, 1996, issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,734,875 for Hardware that Rotates an Image for Portrait-Oriented Display, and is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference.
This invention relates generally to image processing, and more particularly to a hardware system and method for rotating an image.
Computer systems store images in a bitmap format. Bitmaps are organized so that a display controller can read a sequence of bits corresponding to a picture element (pixel) and transfer the sequence to a display for pixel rendition. The display controller repeats this process for successive pixels until an entire image is displayed.
Organization of a bitmap defines image dimensions and image orientation, i.e., portrait or landscape. An image is portrait-oriented if its height is greater than its width, and landscape-oriented if its width is greater than its height. FIG. 1(a) depicts a landscape-oriented image bitmap. The width (WI) of the image is greater than its height (HI). FIG. 2(a) depicts a portrait-oriented image bitmap. HI is greater than WI. The arrows in both corresponding FIGS. 1(a) and 2(a) illustrate software addressing patterns in which pixels values are typically stored to bitmap storage.
To maximize the duty cycle of the display, i.e. to minimize the period of time between successive refresh cycles of a given scan line, display devices such as Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTS) or Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs) are typically landscape-configured. That is, display devices have physical address schemes which cause pixels to be refreshed in a landscape-oriented pattern. As can be seen by the arrows in FIG. 1(b), the typical landscape-oriented display's refresh operation starts at the top left comer and continues rightward across the first row and downward through the rows.
For some computer systems or applications, it is desirable to have a portrait-oriented display. In such a system, the CRT or LCD would be physically rotated ninety degrees. The arrows in FIG. 2(b) illustrate that, for the physically rotated display, the refresh address scheme is still landscape-oriented: it begins at the original pixel location (rotated ninety degrees counter-clockwise to the bottom left comer now) and continues in the same order.
The software addressing pattern depicted in FIG. 1(a) is the same as the physical address pattern depicted in FIG. 1(b), so landscape-oriented software addresses to landscape-oriented physical addresses do not need to be translated. However, the software addressing pattern depicted in FIG. 2(a) is not the same as the physical address pattern depicted in FIG. 2(b). Thus, portrait-oriented image addresses need translation to a physical address for a portrait-oriented landscape-configured display.
Existing display systems rotate an image ninety degrees by using a program or a special driver to translate software addresses to physical addresses. When the typical rotation program is instructed to draw a bitmap sequence, the program first performs software translation operations to determine new pixel coordinates when rotated 90°, and then performs the drawing operation using those translated coordinates. In some particular drawing operations, additional software may be necessary to treat the rotated drawing as a "special case." For example, to draw text characters in a rotated graphics display would require retrieving the bitmapped font pixels from font storage in a rotated orientation rather than the normal byte-wise unrotated orientation in which the font data is stored. This may require several additional memory cycles to retrieve this rotated bit-mapped font data for just a single line of a given character. In general, the large number of additional read and translation operations for any drawing operation to rotate an image consumes substantial computer processing resources and time. These problems are compounded when larger or more-complex images are rotated.
Additional complexity can arise when the input signal has come to represent a mirrored version of the intended image. This can occur in the situations in which, say, a video camera in a videoconferencing environment is oriented in a normal, horizontal orientation to view human participants but is also provided with a mirror to deflect the field of view downward onto a document. Some systems deal with this reversal by employing video cameras that can reverse their scans. However, this option imposes a significant cost penalty.
We have developed a way to provide a low-cost way of dealing with the mirror-image problem while at the same time increasing flexibility in portrait-to-landscape conversions. The parent patent application mentioned above addresses the problem of converting between portrait and landscape orientations by performing a conversion of the input address values used to designate the picture locations of picture elements represented by accompanying pixel data. The conversion transforms a pixel's location in a portrait-oriented image into the address of a refresh-memory location that holds data for the corresponding position on a landscape-refreshed display device. Consequently, generating refresh data for the display by scanning the refresh memory in the order corresponding to the display device's scan organization results in the intended appearance if the display device, although being scanned in a landscape manner, is disposed in the correct portrait orientation.
We have recognized that the usefulness of this orientation adjustment can be extended by including a provision for reversing the progression of refresh addresses applied to the refresh memory when the memory's contents are being fetched for application to the display. Specifically, we provide two row-addressing modes and two-column-adressing modes. In one of the column-addressing modes, the progression of column addresses within a row results in increasing column addresses, while it decreases in the other column-addressing mode. Similarly, the row addresses increase as the corresponding display device advances from row to row along its screen if the refresh-address generator is in its row-forward mode, but they decrease if it is in its row-reverse mode.
By thus selectively reversing refresh-address generation, the display system can compensate for mirrored camera images both when the camera is in a portrait orientation and when it is in a landscape orientation. Additionally, by reversing both the refresh-address generation's row scanning and its column scanning, a 90° transformation in one direction performed by refresh-address transformation circuitry to convert from portrait to one landscape orientation can be transformed to the opposite 90° to convert to the other landscape orientation. So providing a simple reversal of column and row scans in refresh-address generation can greatly increase the flexibility afforded by an update-address-transformation circuit that performs a 90° rotation in a fixed direction. Also, both reversals can be used without the 90°-rotation circuitry and thereby afford the effect provided by, for example, certain existing camcorders, of rotating the image by 180° to facilitate viewfinding from otherwise awkward positions.
The invention description below refers to the accompanying drawings, of which:
FIG. 1(a) is a block diagram illustrating a landscape-oriented software addressing pattern;
FIG. 1(b) is a block diagram illustrating a landscape-oriented and landscape-configured display address scheme;
FIG. 2(a) is a block diagram illustrating a portrait-oriented software addressing pattern;
FIG. 2(b) is a block diagram illustrating a portrait-oriented yet landscape-configured display address scheme;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a computer system which rotates an image for portrait-oriented display in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the graphics system of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the translation system of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the graphics controller of FIG. 4;
FIG. 7(a) is a table illustrating a landscape-oriented four by eight software address matrix;
FIG. 7(b) is a table illustrating the physical address matrix when the display device is rotated counter-clockwise ninety degrees;
FIG. 7(c) is a table illustrating the binary equivalent of the FIG. 7(b) table;
FIG. 7(d) is a table illustrating a portrait-oriented software addressing matrix;
FIG. 7(e) is a table for comparing the physical binary addresses of FIG. 7(c) with the portrait-oriented software address matrix of FIG. 7(d);
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a general case address translation circuit of FIG. 5;
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a preferred method for mapping a software address to a physical display device address;
FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a preferred method for refreshing a pixel on the display device;
FIG. 11 is a diagram depicting the location in a refresh memory of a refresh-memory block allocated to a given display device;
FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a refresh-address generator employed in a display system that implements the present invention's teachings;
FIG. 13 is a diagram of the display-device image that results from FIG. 11's memory contents when the refresh-address generator operates in its column-reverse mode;
FIG. 14 is diagram of the display-device image that results from FIG. 11's memory contents when the refresh generator operates in its row-reverse mode; and
FIG. 15 is a diagram of the display-address image that results from FIG. 11's memory contents when the refresh-address generator operates both in its row-reverse mode and its column-reverse mode.
In FIG. 3, a typical computer system 300 for rotating and otherwise re-orienting an image in accordance with the present invention includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) 310, coupled to a processor bus 320, for executing program instructions and memory management routines such as address generation. System 300 also includes a memory 330, peripherals 340, an operating system 350, a graphics system 370 coupled to processor bus 320, and a display device 360 coupled to graphics system 370 that implements the present invention's teachings.
Memory 330 comprises Random Access Memory (RAM), Read-Only Memory (ROM), and secondary disk memory. It typically stores miscellaneous data, an operating system and other programs for execution by CPU 310, and intermediate results of executing programs. Peripherals 340 may include a printer, a floppy disk drive, a keyboard and the like. Display device 360, for example a CRT or an LCD, is typically landscapeconfigured and displays computer-generated information to a user. The invention can also be used with other types of scanning output devices, such as laser printers. A landscape-configured display device is refreshed in a landscape pattern as in FIGS. 1(b) and 2(b).
Graphics system 370 controls screen-refreshing and image-rendering routines for display device 360. When instructed, graphics system 370 translates portrait-oriented software addresses to physical addresses for portrait-oriented yet landscape-configured display device 360. Although display device 360 is described as landscape-configured, display device 360 can alternatively be portrait configured and the translation function reversed. In accordance with the present invention, system 370 also sequences physical-address generation in such a manner as to reverse the image virtually and/or horizontally.
A software address specifies a location on an image intended for display on display device 360. It can be generated by any software application program such as Microsoft Word by Microsoft Corporation or SuperPaint by Aldus Corporation. The software address scheme depends on the orientation of display device 360. That is, if display device 360 is intended for use in landscape orientation, the software address scheme follows the pattern illustrated in FIG. 7(a). If display device 360 is intended for use in portrait orientation, the software address scheme follows the pattern illustrated in FIG. 7(d). The physical address specifies a location in a buffer memory from which data are fetched to refresh the display. The physical-address scheme is independent of whether the orientation is portrait or landscape. Because the physical address scheme for the rotated case illustrated in FIG. 7(b) is not the same as the software address scheme as illustrated in FIG. 7(d), address mapping between software and physical addresses for the rotated case is necessary. The relationships between FIGS. 7(a), 7(b) and 7(d) are discussed in more detail below.
In accordance with the present invention, moreover, the image may additionally be flipped to produce on the display the mirror image of the buffer-memory contents. The circuitry for accomplishing such a transformation will be described after the orientation-change circuitry is discussed.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of graphics system 370, which includes an image buffer memory 410, an address-translation system 420, and a graphics controller 430.
Image buffer memory 410 stores a bitmap matrix which defines an image to be presented on display device 360. The bitmap matrix includes sequences of pixel values. Based on the organization of the bitmap matrix, an image can be arranged for landscape or portrait-oriented display. Although image buffer memory 410 is illustrated as a separate memory block from memory 330, system 300 can be implemented using a unified memory architecture.
Image buffer memory 410 receives pixel data on a data line 440 of bus 320 from CPU 310 and a memory address on an address line 470 from graphics controller 430. The received memory address specifies the location in image buffer memory 410 to which the data on line 440 are written or from which the data on line 440 are to be read. Image buffer memory 410 is preferably a static RAM (SRAM) device, since an SRAM is accessed by a unified address and therefore avoids potential page-break inefficiencies as found when using a fast-page (FP) Dynamic RAM (DRAM). However, as long as the DRAM page breaks are managed, an FP-type or other similar type DRAM can alternatively be used.
Address translation system 420 receives an address (generated by the software application program) on an address line 450 of bus 320 from CPU 310 for performing a read or write operation. When performing a write operation, based on the orientation of display device 360, address translation system 420 either passes the received address "as is" to correspond to a landscape-oriented display device 360, or passes the address as translated to correspond to a pixel position on a portrait-oriented display device 360. The address is sent on line 460 to graphics controller 430. This address is referred to as a "logical" address, and specifies an image buffer memory 410 location for storing the pixel data being driven on data line 440.
Graphics controller 430 controls image buffer memory 410 and display device 360. More particularly, graphics controller 430 receives the logical address on line 460 from address translation system 420 and sends the logical address on line 470 to image buffer memory 410. Upon receipt of the address for a write operation, image buffer memory 410 stores the data being sent on line 440 from CPU 310 to the location specified by the received logical address. Upon receipt of the address for a read operation, image buffer memory 410 drives data out on line 440 to CPU 310.
Since the address translation is performed before the image information or data is stored in image buffer memory 410, the image buffer memory 410 bitmap matrix defines the orientation of the image as it will be displayed on display device 360 (subject to reversals to be described below). If the data were stored to image buffer memory 410 without translation, landscape-oriented display device 360 will display a landscape-oriented image. However, if the data were stored to image buffer memory 410 using a translated address, portrait-oriented yet landscape-configured display device 360 will display a portrait-oriented image.
Graphics controller 430 also generates the addresses that it applies to memory 410 when it fetches data from it to refresh the display device 360 refresh address generation, which may be implemented conventionally. Graphics controller 430 sends the refresh address on line 470 to image buffer memory 410 to retrieve the corresponding pixel information on line 480, and passes the refresh address and pixel information on a signal bus 490 to display device 360. Accordingly, display device 360 refreshes the display. As will be explained below, the graphics controller can use the present invention's teachings to generate those addresses in such a manner that the displayed image is a reversed version of the stored image.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of address translation system 420, which includes a multiplexer 510, an address translation circuit 520, and configuration registers 530.
Configuration registers 530 store display device 360 configuration information such as screen dimensions and the display orientation. The screen dimensions specify the display width (WD) and the display height (HD), both in pixels. The display orientation specifies whether display device 360 is positioned in landscape orientation as illustrated by FIG. 1(b) or in portrait orientation as illustrated in FIG. 2(b). CPU 310 retrieves the configuration information including the display orientation from Dual In-line Package (DIP) switches set by Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), toggle switches or other means, and stores the information in configuration registers 530. Alternatively, CPU 310 may reverse the order of the dimensions to store 240 pixels per row by 320 pixels per column. Display device 360 is still landscape-configured but the display orientation signal can be determined from the order of the dimensions as stored.
For example, display device 360 may be configured to present 320 pixels per row by 240 pixels per column, and intended to be positioned in portrait orientation. This information may be stored in conventional DIP switches on display device 360. Thus, CPU 310 retrieves the information from the DIP switches and stores the dimensions indicating 320 pixels per row by 240 pixels per column, and a signal indicating portrait orientation, in configuration registers 530.
Address translation circuit 520 converts a portrait-oriented software address to a physical address for a portrait-oriented yet landscape-configured display device 360. That is, address translation circuit 520 receives a software address on line 450 from CPU 310 and reorders the address bits to specify a new pixel address for a pixel location on portrait-oriented display device 360 when rotated counter-clockwise ninety degrees. Although display device 360 can be rotated clockwise ninety degrees and a complementary address translation function implemented, counter-clockwise rotation provides an easier general case translation function.
The translation from portrait-oriented software address space to portrait-oriented, yet landscape-configured, display device 360 address space is based on the function:
where HD is the height in pixels of landscape-oriented display device 360 as illustrated in FIG. 1(b). L represents the number of least significant software address bits to re-order as most significant physical address bits.
The translation is based also on the function:
wherein WD is the width in pixels of landscape-oriented display device 360. M represents the number of most significant software address bits to re-order and invert (complement) as least significant physical address bits. M+L is the total number of address bits specifying both the software and physical addresses.
Address translation circuit 520 passes the new translated address on line 540 to one input of MUX 510, and the software address on line 450 from CPU 310 is received at the second input of MUX 510. Based on the control signal received on line 550 specifying the orientation of display device 360 from configuration registers 530, multiplexer 510 selects one of its two input addresses and passes it as a logical address on address line 460 to graphics controller 430 (FIG. 4).
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of graphics controller 430, which includes a MUX 610, refresh logic 620, and a memory address arbitrator 630. MUX 610 receives refresh address signals on line 640 from refresh logic 620, and logical addresses on line 460 from translation system 420. Refresh logic 620 may employ the present invention's teachings, described below, to generate refresh addresses corresponding to pixel locations on display device 360.
Based on a control signal received from memory address arbitrator 630, MUX 610 selects either the refresh signal from line 640 or the logical address from line 460 and transfers it on line 470 to image buffer memory 410. Arbitrator 630 uses priority and time management schemes to determine which control signal to send. For example, arbitrator 630 may give priority to refresh addresses and enable pipelined refresh addresses for multiple pixel refreshes. When a logical address is selected and sent as the memory address on line 470 to image buffer memory 410 (FIG. 4), the data on line 440 from CPU 310 is written to the image buffer memory 410 location specified by the logical address. When a refresh address is selected and sent as the memory address on line 470 to image buffer memory 410, image buffer memory 410 delivers the corresponding pixel information or data on line 480 to graphics controller 430, which forwards the refresh address and pixel information on line 490 to display device 360.
Thus, CPU 310 writes pixel information or data to and reads information from image buffer memory 410 in the same manner regardless of the orientation of display device 360. No software translation program is needed.
FIGS. 7(a)-7(e) illustrate the portrait-oriented software address to portrait-oriented physical address translation function. More particularly, FIG. 7(a) is a table that illustrates a landscape-oriented four by eight address matrix representing software addresses for a landscape-oriented image and also representing physical addresses for landscape-oriented display device 360. The landscape-oriented software and physical address scheme preferably starts in the top left comer at address "0" and continues across the first row of eight addresses and scans successive rows downward through the four rows. Since the software addresses are the same as the physical addresses, no software to physical address translation is needed.
However, if display device 360 is rotated ninety degrees counter-clockwise and the appropriate configuration information is stored in configuration registers 530 (FIG. 5), then the physical address matrix for display device appears as illustrated in FIG. 7(b). The physical address matrix for rotated display device 360 in FIG. 7(b) now starts in the bottom left comer at address "0" and continues upward through the first column of eight addresses and scans successive columns rightward through the four columns. FIG. 7(c) is a table illustrating the binary equivalent of the numbers in the table of FIG. 7(b). Since there are thirty-two addresses in FIG. 7(a), each address is defined by five binary bits in FIG. 7(c).
Since physical display device 360 has been rotated ninety degrees counter-clockwise, CPU 310 uses a new software address matrix which specifies a portrait-oriented address scheme as illustrated in FIG. 7(d). Thus, the new software address scheme starts at the top left comer at address "0" and continues across the first row of four column addresses and scans successive rows downward through the eight rows. However, the new software address matrix illustrated in FIG. 7(d) is not the same as the physical address matrix illustrated in FIG. 7(b), and thus a translation is needed.
FIG. 7(e) is a table for comparing the portrait-oriented software address matrix of FIG. 7(d) with the physical binary addresses of FIG. 7(c). Applying the above-described FIG. 5 address translation functions to the FIGS. 7(a)-7(e) example gives L=ln 4/ln 2=2, and M=ln 8/ln 2=3. Thus, the invention transposes the two least significant bits A1 and A0 in the software address to the two most significant bits in the physical address. The invention also inverts the three most significant software address bits A4, A3 and A2 and transposes then to the three least significant physical address bits. The translation function re-orders the software address as A1, A0, {overscore (A4)}, {overscore (A3)}, {overscore (A2)} to generate the logical, and thus physical, address.
When a dimension of display device 360 is not on the order of 2N pixels, then, since display device 360 would not have corresponding locations for all memory spaces addressable by M+L address lines, system 300 implements offsets. To ensure that all logical addresses generated can be mapped to locations on display device 360, offsets may be handled by software or drivers in a conventional manner. These offsets may be is stored in configuration registers 530 (FIG. 5), in DIP switches set by OEMs, or elsewhere.
For example, a typical landscape-oriented display device is configured to render 320 pixels per row by 240 pixels per column. Neither 320 nor 240 equals two raised to an integer power. Offsets are therefore needed. First, address translation circuit 520 is designed based on the closest larger address space using dimensions on the order of two raised to an integer power, namely, 512 by 256. Offsets are determined based on this next-larger address space. That is, the 192 rightmost landscape-oriented columns and the 16 bottommost landscape-oriented rows of the available memory space cannot be mapped to locations on display device 360. These offsets are stored and used to prohibit mapping logical addresses to these areas. When display device 360 is rotated 90 degrees counter-clockwise to portrait orientation, the now topmost 192 rows and rightmost 16 columns of available memory space are not mappable.
To avoid offset calculations, display device 360 may be designed to have pixel dimensions equal to two raised to an integer power.
FIG. 8 illustrates a translation circuit 520 designed for a general case address matrix. According to the translation functions described with reference to FIG. 5, L is the number of least significant software address bits to re-order as most significant physical address bits, M is the number of most significant software address bits to invert and re-order as least significant physical address bits, and M+L is the total number of address bits specifying the software or physical address. Therefore, the most significant software addresses A(M+L−1) to A(L) are complemented and mapped to memory address locations MA(M−1) to MA0. The least significant software addresses A(L−1) to A0 are mapped to the memory address locations MA(M+L−1) to MA(M). Further, FIG. 8 illustrates the function for the physical address based on the software address, namely, A(L−1) . . . A0 followed by {overscore (A)}(M+L−1) . . . {overscore (A)}(L).
FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a preferred method 900 for mapping a software address to a physical display device 360 address. Method 900 begins in step 910 by CPU 310 retrieving configuration information on display device 360 including display device 360 dimensions and orientation. In step 920, the software application program generates a software address based on pixel data and the retrieved configuration information. If the configuration information specifies a landscape-oriented display device 360, the software application program uses a landscape-oriented software address scheme as illustrated in FIG. 7(a). If the configuration information specifies a portrait-oriented display device 360, the software application program uses a portrait-oriented software address scheme as illustrated in FIG. 7(d).
In step 930, CPU 310 puts the pixel data on data bus 440 and the software address on address bus 450. The software address is received by address translation system 420, which in step 940 determines whether address translation is necessary. If the configuration information indicates that display device 360 is landscape oriented, no address translation is needed. Otherwise, address translation is needed, in which case the address is translated according to the function described above with reference to FIG. 5. Address translation system 420 generates a logical address, which is either the software address "as is" or else the address translated to specify a pixel location if the display has been rotated counter-clockwise ninety degrees.
In step 940, the logical address is sent on line 460 to graphics controller 430, which in step 950 passes the logical address as a memory address on line 470 to image buffer memory 410. Upon receipt of the memory address, in step 960 image buffer memory 410 stores the pixel data on data line 440 at the specified memory location. Method 900 then ends.
FIG. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a preferred method 1000 for refreshing pixels on display device 360. Method 1000 starts in step 1010 with graphics controller 430 generating a refresh address in a manner that will be described presently. In step 1020 MUX 610 selects the refresh address and passes it as the memory address on line 470 to image buffer memory 410. Upon receipt of the memory address in step 1030, image buffer memory 410 drives out the pixel data on line 480 from the specified location in image buffer memory 410 to graphics controller 430. In step 1040, graphics controller 430 sends the refresh address and the retrieved pixel data via bus 490 to display device 360, which refreshes the location. Method 1000 then ends.
To appreciate the manner in which refresh addresses are generated in step 1010, consider FIG. 11, which is a representation of a small image-buffer memory. FIG. 11 represents that memory as a 12×12 image-memory buffer. That is, it contains enough memory locations to hold pixel values for twelve rows of twelve pixels each. For purposes of illustration, though, we assume that the display is arranged in six rows of eight columns each. Cross-hatched region 1102 represents the memory locations that correspond to the display pixels. The darker shading represents the locations whose contents contain darker pixel values. They will serve as an orientation reference in subsequent drawings.
FIG. 12 depicts in detail the refresh-address generator 620 whose output specifies the addresses of the locations in the dark region 1102. FIG. 12's configuration registers 1202 apply to a row-start multiplexer 1204 a start address that they have received as part of the configuration information from the CPU. At the beginning of a new frame, a timing circuit 1205 momentarily causes the row-start multiplexer 1204 to select this start address as the input to a first-column latch 1206 clocked by row-clock signal from a clock circuit 1207. At the beginning of each scan line, the timing circuit momentarily causes a next-address multiplexer 1208 select latch 1206's resultant output value as the input to an output latch 1210, whose output is the refresh address that FIG. 6's multiplexer 610 applies to the image-buffer memory 410 during refresh operations.
To display FIG. 11's contents without reversal, the start address applied to multiplexer 1204 by the configuration registers 1202 and forwarded as just described to the image-buffer memory 410 as its first address is the value zero, since that is the address at which memory scanning is to begin. After this first value in the current line is loaded, multiplexer 1208 switches state so that it selects as latch 1210's input the output of a next-column multiplexer 1212. The configuration registers 1202 cause multiplier 1212 to select as multiplexer 1208's input the output of an incrementing circuit 1214. This circuit's output is a value one greater than multiplexer 1210's output, i.e., than the address currently being applied to the image-buffer memory as the location from which the display is being refreshed. So latch 1210's output increases by one when the clock circuit 1207 pulses it. Successive clock signals result in further incrementation, so the image memory is scanned in the direction represented as horizontal in FIG. 11.
After latch 1206 loads in the frame start address at the beginning of a frame, the selection input to multiplexer 1204 changes to the state in which that multiplexer selects as its output the input from a next-row multiplexer 1216. When the display is simply to portray the image-buffer memory 410's contents without reversal, the configuration registers 1202 operate multiplexer 1216 to the state in which it applies to multiplexer 1204's input port the output of an addition circuit 1218. Addition circuit 1218 adds to latch 1206's output a line-offset value that the configuration registers have received from the CPU as part of the configuration information. If the system is employing an image-buffer memory of the dimensions depicted in FIG. 11, this line-offset value is twelve. Therefore, when a row-clock signal clocks first-column latch 1206 at the beginning of a new line, that latch's line-address output increases by twelve. The resultant output is the one that multiplexer 1208 forwards to latch 1210. So, after the address has increased to seven in the first row, the next value produced by the refresh-address generator is twelve, the address of the image-buffer memory location containing the value of the pixel at the start of the next display row.
This operation continues, with latch 1206 being strobed an multiplexer 1208 changing state for one pixel time at the beginning of each row to load in the new first-column address, until the display has been completely refreshed. At that point, multiplexer 1204 is again momentarily operated to select the configuration registers' start-address output, and the address sequence repeats.
In accordance with the present invention, the refresh logic 620 can also assume a column-reverse mode, in which the image is horizontally reversed to generate the display that FIG. 13 depicts. To do this, the circuitry of FIG. 12 operates as before, with the exception that the configuration registers apply a start address of seven rather than zero to the multiplexer 1204, and multiplexer 1212 forwards the output of a decrement circuit 1220 rather than that of increment circuit 1214. Successive pixel clocks therefore cause latch 1210's output to start the frame with a value of seven and decrease to zero at the end of the first row. That output then increases to nineteen at the beginning of the second row and decreases to twelve at the end of that row. This progression continues, with addresses decreasing within rows and increasing between rows, until the full image has been displayed.
The refresh logic 620 can also adopt a row-reverse mode, in which it causes the image-buffer memory's contents to be displayed upside down, as FIG. 14 illustrates. For that purpose, the configuration registers 1202 would produce sixty as the start address and cause multiplexer 1216 to forward a subtraction circuit 1222's output to multiplexer 1203. The subtraction circuit subtracts, rather than adds, the line offset from latch 1206's output. So the address that latch 1206 loads at the start of the second line is forty-eight. As FIG. 14 shows, the memory address should increase on each pixel clock within a row, so multiplexer 1212 chooses its incremented output.
The display that FIG. 13 depicts can be thought of as being the result of flipping the image-buffer memory's contents about a bisecting vertical axis, while FIG. 14's display can be thought of as the result of flipping it about a bisecting horizontal axis. These reversals can be used to correct mirrored images, as was mentioned above. Additionally, by operating in the row-reverse and column-reverse modes simultaneously, the FIG. 12 circuit can produce the results of flipping those contents about each axis in succession to produce the display that FIG. 15 depicts.
As was mentioned above, address-translation circuitry 520 performs a counterclockwise rotation because a rotation in that direction is convenient to implement. Still, there may be situations in which a clockwise rotation is preferred. Such a rotation can be achieved without changing counterclockwise-rotation circuitry if FIG. 12's refresh address generator operates in the row-reverse and column-reverse modes together. This result can be achieved by employing a start-address value of sixty-seven, causing multiplexer 1216 to forward its subtracted input, and causing multiplexer 1212 to forward its decremented input.
It is apparent that the present invention's teachings yield display systems a considerable degree of flexibility. It therefore constitutes a significant advance in the art.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 15, 1998
Owner name: EPSON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, INC., CALIFORNIA
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text: This information is not deemed to be tax or legal advice or to be used as guidance. Therefore, you should seek consult with a professional Legal or Tax Advisor who is familiar with all the applicable laws. Please note all information herein is subject to change at any time, without notice.


text:
02/06/17 2:45 p.m. — Columbus police say they received a call Sunday at 7:19 a.m. about someone trying to break into an apartment in the Armour Landing Apartments on Armour Avenue. Police say the man beat and kicked the door and eventually broke out a front window and crawled into an apartment where he thought his wife had gone to pick up her daughter.
Police say the man was warned by his friend that they were at the wrong apartment and a neighbor also told him he was at the wrong apartment and the neighbor would call 911 if he didn't leave.
Both the man's friend and the neighbor phoned 911, but even after the neighbor tried to pull him out of the broken window, the man persisted and entered the apartment.
Inside the apartment, the victim, hearing the commotion and seeing a stranger inside her apartment, armed herself and yelled at the man to get out of her apartment.
The man refused and advanced into her bedroom where she fired a pistol one time into the subject's chest.
The woman called 911 for help. EMS and Police were dispatched and arrived at 7:25 a.m. The man was transported to the Medical Center with gunshot wounds where he died a short time later.
Warden's body will be sent to Atlanta for an autopsy.
Police say based on evidence at the scene of this burglary and testimony from the witnesses, no charges will be filed against the victim.
COLUMBUS, Ga. — Columbus Police are investigating a shooting that left an active duty soldier dead Sunday morning.
Muscogee County Deputy Coroner Charles Newton tells News 3 Christopher Warden was shot while entering an apartment on Armour Ave. Warden, 30, was taken to Midtown Medical Center, where he was pronounced dead at 8:33 a.m.
Newton says Warden's body will go to Atlanta in the coming week for an autopsy.
News 3 has not yet heard from Columbus Police for more details concerning this shooting death. News 3 also reached out to Fort Benning officials. But we've yet to get a response.


text:
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See more: Meat & Dairy Alternatives


text:
Holidays in Spain
This is the Arbuthnott stronghold from where the majority of their holidays take place centred on their home of Almuña.
This part of Southern Spain in the region of Andalucía is an area of outstanding and impressive beauty. There is an extraordinary diversity of landscape; limestone mountains, cork forests, olive groves, open farmland ablaze with sunflowers and pastures vivid with the colours of a thousand wild flowers.
Ancient white villages, teeming with life and seemingly unchanged for centuries, are chiselled into the hillsides. All around are signs of the Moorish frontier that existed for 200 years until their defeat in 1492.
The climate is one of the special assets of Andalucía. From mid May to early October there is little likelihood of rain and for the rest of the year a 75% chance of lovely weather. Sunshine, gentle breezes and a pleasing temperature are ideal for walking and all the various activities.
Specialist Holidays, Sporting Holidays, Riding and Walking
- A Riding Journey in Andalucia A riding journey through Andalucía, following the old caminos and paths from Christian Arcos de la Frontera, over the hills and through the valleys to the Moorish fortified city of Ronda, in a week.
- Andalucia Escorted Holiday The Andalucia Escorted Holiday starts in the old town of Malaga and continues on to Granada, Cordoba and Seville. An 8 day holiday is escorted by Hughie Arbuthnott
- The Berber Camino This walking journey has much historical content with explanations of the period of Moorish rule which in this corner of Spain spanned from 711 to 1492.
- A Holiday at Almuña - Set Departures This is a holiday organised by the Arbuthnotts to which you are invited to join as a single person, a couple or with a few friends.
- Private House Parties at Almuña From the moment they collect you from the airport the Arbuthnotts do the rest leaving you free to be the host without the overbearing responsibly of making decisions.
- Family Holidays Almuña is a wonderful place to spend a private family holiday at any time of the year. A myriad of activities can be arranged for all ages in the haven of the house, garden and surrounding area.
- The Ronda Camino Through cork forests, olive groves and green pastures, stopping for a delicious picnic in the shade. From Almuña to Ronda deep into the heart of the Andalucian Hills.
- The Arcos Camino From Christian strongholds in dramatic limestone sierra to old Moorish territories walking here feels like you step back in time.
- Bird Watching in Andalucia Andalucía is home to some of the richest bird life in the northern hemisphere and passage to thousands of birds, visit the Coto Doñana with our ornithologist Robin Nelson on the richest migratory route on earth.
- The Moorish Historical Tour in Andalucia Throughout the week Hugh will give pictorial presentations taking you through the period and where appropriate will be using some excellent guides. Hugh brings to life this remarkable period of history.
- Polo Holidays at Almuña Sotogrande, home to the gold cup in August but due to the great weather in Southern Spain you can play all year round. 20 minutes from Almuña is a charming club with two grounds and excellent facilities.
- Bridge School and holiday at Almuña This is the perfect opportunity to experience all the pleasures and comforts of Almuña at the same time as learning and improving your bridge under expert tuition from Jack Stocken.
- Painting at Almuña The painting holidays vary from teacher to teacher each with their own style and technique. Our painting teachers speak for themselves as their 'aficionados' return year after year to paint at Almuña
- The Botanical Ramble at Almuña Ramble through wild flowers spectacular in abundance, brilliant in profusion, variety and colour with the delightful and highly knowledgeable botanist Albert Petit. The walking is gentle with time to identify flowers, butterflies and insects.
- Almuña Riding & Horse Feria in Jerez There is sensational riding around Almuña, following the old caminos and smuggles' paths stopping for either a riverside picnic or a tapas lunch in a local taverna. 2 nights in Jerez having visited the 'espectaculo' at the Spanish Riding School