text: Share ASIS International / Store / Products Eyewitness Identification: A Police Perspective Sergeant Paul B. Carroll (Ret.) and Captain Ken Patenaude (Ret.) Patenaude Press Item #:2000 Published:2011 Pages:160 ISBN:978-0-6155-6958-1 Member:$20.00Nonmember:$22.00 Add to Wish List Clearance: original price $39 member, $43 nonmember The importance of eyewitness identification cannot be overstated. It has been the primary piece of evidence used in trials across the country for over a century. There is nothing more compelling to a jury than a victim or a witness pointing to the defendant and telling all those present that the individual sitting at the defense table committed the crime. However, since the advent of DNA technology in the late 1980s, there have been 280 exonerations to date of persons previously convicted in criminal court. These persons have been adjudged as actually innocent. What is important in the criminal justice community is the fact that past practices may have led to wrongful convictions and that there are improved methods to employ to prevent further injustices. A dual injustice occurs when an innocent person is convicted while the guilty person is still free to commit more crimes. Scrutiny must occur across the spectrum and on all levels of criminal investigations so that further injustices may be reduced or avoided. If your law enforcement agency has not added an eyewitness identification policy and training program, now is the time to make those changes. The authors offer what they believe to be improved methods that go beyond what is outlined in the Department of Justice's Eyewitness Evidence Guide. These improved methods come from many years of research and recommendations from current practitioners. This book, based on the authors' successful training programs, presents a complete overview of the use of eyewitness evidence in criminal investigations, the problems that face law enforcement, and suggestions to overcome those problems. Reviewed in Security Management, 6/13. Format: Softcover Page Content Cart Summary Cart Summary Items in Cart: 0 Cart Total: $0.00 View Cart Checkout Related Items


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20 Facebook Ad Metrics Tips
Posted by frican on Oct in Blogging, Business, Business Opportunity, Forex, Home Business, Online Biz, Work At Home | 0 comments
Reporting is a crucial part of Facebook advertising. That's why each of your ad campaigns should always have a clear goal and a set of metrics through which you can measure its performance. Facebook's dashboard offers a range of tracking mechanisms that will help you focus on the results you care about. That being said, the analytics Facebook provides sometimes report on proprietary metrics that aren't always intuitive to understand. If you're using Facebook ads to help you ramp up your Facebook marketing efforts, here are the 20 Facebook metrics you need to understand to measure and improve your Facebook ad performance.
1. Impressions
Impressions tell you how many times your ad has been shown to a Facebook user. Watch this number closely. If it stops increasing, your bid may have fallen out of the suggested range.
2. Social Impressions
Social impressions tell you how many times your ad has been shown to a Facebook user with social context (i.e. with information about a user's friend(s) who connected with your page, event, or application). This is applicable only for advertising within Facebook, such as for fan pages, events, or apps.
3. Social %
This metric shows what percentage of the total impressions were social impressions.
4. Clicks
The actual number of clicks on the ad. A click is also counted if someone 'Liked' your fan page right from the ad itself.
5. Social Clicks
This shows how many clicks you received from an ad with social context (i.e. with information about a user's friend(s) who connected with your page, event, or application). Again, this is only applicable when you advertise within Facebook for fan pages, groups, or events.
6. CTR (Click-Through Rate)
How many times your ad was clicked, divided by the number of times your ad was shown (impressions).
7. Social CTR
The number of social clicks divided by the number of social impressions. Theoretically, this number should be higher than the general CTR, because the ad was targeted at a personal friend who'd already 'Liked' the page, thus demonstrating social proof.
8. Actions
The number of people who took the action desired from the ad itself, such as 'Liking' your fan page or responding to your event.
9. Action Rate
The number of actions divided by the number of impressions.
10. Conversions
Measurement of how many people responded to your call-to-action. This counts actions from the ad itself and includes when someone visits your fan page and then clicks 'Like.'
11. Cost-Per-Conversion
Calculates your cost per conversion, so you can see how much you pay for a new fan, an event RSVP, or a new group member.
12. CPC (Cost-Per-Click)
How much each click you received cost you. This number is calculated even if you didn't bid on the cost-per-click model. It considers how many clicks you received (even if you're paying by impression) and calculates how much it cost you for each click. Even if you did not bid using the CPM model when you placed your ad, Facebook Reports will calculate it for your reference. his is helpful if you decide to switch to the CPM bidding model so you can compare how your ads are performing between the different bidding models.
14. Spent
The amount you spent for that time summary you chose in the report: daily, weekly, or monthly.
15. Unique Impressions
How many times your ad was shown to a unique person. Compare this against the number of impressions to see how many times your ad was shown to the same person.
17. Unique Clicks
How many unique clicks you received. This data is helpful to know if the same person happened to be shown your ad twice and clicked it both times, because the second click wouldn't be a unique click.
18. Unique CTR
Unique clicks divided by unique impressions. Again, in relation to the unique clicks and the unique impressions, you want to know whether new people are clicking through to your ad or if it is one person clicking on your ad over and over. It's best to have your Unique CTR come close to your CTR. In order to determine if Facebook advertising brings you real business results, you'll need to use a marketing system that measures
Do you need a ready made money making website click here
19. New Leads
If your goal is lead generation, then you need to make sure that your ads are helping you convert visitors into leads. How many people converted on your offer and opted in to continue their relationship with your company?
20. New Customers
Were you able to drive new customers from all that Facebook advertising? If so, what was the conversion rate from visitor to customer compared to the same conversion rate on a different social network. You should have the data to make such strategic decisions.
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Be the first OregonLive.com user to add photos or videos of Weathers Music Corp
Could not get anyone to open the enclosed room with amps. Got the impression that I was an inconvenience to the clerk who cared more about ...
My son recently started to play instruments and we are learning there is always some instruments that can be added to his collection. Weath...
Musical instrument stores


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Added to Shopping Bag
Kensie Feminine Pretty 100% Silk Teal Size 2 Top
Listed by Patricia J Sowers
Size: 2 (XS)
Final Sale: $25.29
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Kensie Feminine Pretty 100% Silk Teal Size 2 Top
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Kenzie Feminine Pretty 100% Silk Teal Cami Top
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Social Webs for dot Edu
The site is built around institutions, and the problem with this is that I'm not sure I want to know who is at institution x,
Spook Country
Have just finished reading Gibson's "Spook Country". Enjoyed it immensely. Gibson's trajectory is interesting as his early and seminal novels are all in a future not yet arrived, much more plainly sci-fi, but his two most recent books are deeply immersed in the technologically and culturally present. "Pattern Recognition" largely described a proto videoblogging art project while this more recent one combines locative art with post Iraq politics as information exchange and encryption. The cover mentions Chandler, that touchstone of noir writing, but for my money Elmore Leonard is the man here. The mix of characters, their patois of not just voice but practice and a narrative of divergent parts that we just now will converge. Look at his ten rules of writing and then tell me, in "Spook Country" what does Hollis Henry look like? Tito?
Automate Me
The automatic upgrader for WordPress plugin is nice. Install and it then does as the name says. As I teach things like blogging to undergraduates I remain stuck (bemused and muddled) by the ways in which the rapid pace of development and change is either invisible, or perhaps just part of the ether, for these students. Of course it could also be more simply that as I approach 50 things seem to happen much more quickly than when you're 20! But to think that from when I first started blogging to today the systems would have the sophistication, infrastructure and so on that they do, well, it is up there with the early history of the printing press. A collective, shared, and distributed contribution to the tools and then the writing of the content itself, as well as a shift from something that is so foregrounded as an explicit technology (now install this via FTP, replace this file but not that one) to just 'click here' to upgrade and let's get on with making stuff.
In honours the aim is to find a knotty problem and then through the course of your research see how the knotty problem leads t
Got this post about Tom Fishburne via Jeremy. I love this:
We've all heard the expression, "you can't cut your way to growth", but most organizations are equipped with cutting tools, not with growing tools.
Places and Names
When I went to the annual edMedia conference in 2004 in Lugano I caught a train from Zurich to Lugano. One of those Swiss trains that runs like, well, clockwork (it had to be said). I caught a slow train, stopping at quite a few stations, not one of the bigger faster intercity, inter-country expresses. Leisurely travel along valleys with cloud tagged mountains. One town was called Zug. In English "Zug" is just a wonderful word, bordering on the absurd. There should be more places called Zug. We need more places called Zug.
Phone Etiquette
Hard to be a hip metrosexual middle aged male. Take mobile phones. Every now and then I've noticed someone driving talking into their mobile phone as they hold it out in front of them. I guess this counts as somehow hands free since it's on loudspeak? Today a sharp suited gentleman was walking up the street talking into his phone the same way. I don't know why he didn't feel the need to hold it in the conventional manner, speaker to ear, microphone somewhere around your cheek. Perhaps he just didn't want to appear to be talking to himself, after all sometimes it is difficult to tell. Is this the new phone style?
Straight To Web
Via ars technica , Michael Moore will release his next doco straight to web, for free. ... Seems it is primarily a politica
GPS Cinema
Worth reading the about screen since point two: The movies are also interchangeable and easily matched to any place. By c
Media Symposium
Been going well, the idea is to actually share what we are all working in (since amongst teaching, admin and so on we lose sen
Spring Appears to Have Sprung
Next up is to draft a seminar paper about the virtual and the actual in relation to a large atlas project I'm participating in


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White Tiger Trailer (2012)
03 May 2012 Adventure, Fantasy, Action 104 mins
Great Patriotic War, early 1940s. After barely surviving a battle with a mysterious, ghostly-white Tiger tank, Red Army Sergeant Ivan Naydenov becomes obsessed with its destruction.
Watch the official White Tiger 2012 trailer in HD below or find more White Tiger videos on Vidimovie.


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Which provides best audio for airplay streaming: optical, ethernet or HDMI?
- Asked by Joseph S from Caguas
1 Answer from the Community
It depends on many factors. Let me point a few of them for you:
1. Speakers - if you're speakers aren't that great hen you may not notice a difference between any of them. Common sense. All three choices would sound pretty similar in this situation.
2. Audio system - I'm assuming since you asked this question since you have a high quality home receiver or something similar, which in that case, demands the best quality audio since you have the ability to listen to such. In this case, optical would be the way to go, since there can't be any interference with the line at all.
3. Stream quality - It also depends on the audio compression rate at which you're streaming at. By default, I believe that AirPlay streams at 96kbps, which is okay, but you may notice at some points the audio doesn't sound that great, on any of the three interfaces you listed. if you're streaming anywhere at 96kbps to 160kbps, then all three would be fine, but you may notice a bit more flaws in the audio with optical. If you're streaming higher than the rates listed, then optical would be the best choice. I always choose optical before anything else if I can.
- Answered by Caleb E from Simi Valley
- Dec 6, 2014


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Houston, Texas (PressExposure) November 30, 2009 -- The TAG Heuer brand has been around for over 100 years. The company was founded by E. Heuer, who started his watch company in Switzerland in 1860. They made and patented their first chronograph watch in 1882. Even today Tag Heuer is known for their quality sports and chronograph watches. That is what makes the Tag replica watch so popular today. Tag Heuer replica watches are manufactured to provide a high quality replica watch that gives the buyer the same look and dependability of the high end original. The TAG replica is manufactured with the legendary movement inside as well as other high end materials. The outer appearance will include a glass face of high quality as well as highly crafted pointers. The wristband is designed with only the best wristband materials available in leather or other quality items. This detail for excellence makes it hard for the normal person to distinguish a Tag Hauer Formula 1 replica from an original.
Tag replica watches are one of the most popular personal gift items on the market today.Many people use their watch as an expression of their personal style and the design of someoneâs watch can give insight into what their personality is like as well. For this reason many people give and receive wristwatches as gifts for the holidays and Christmas season. Replica Tag Heuer Formula 1 watches are one of top selling replicas for the holidays because of the design and quality craftsmanship. The Tag Heuer Formula 1 is a watch that can be proudly shown off at any Christmas office party or to family and friends as one of the best Santa gifts of the year.
When purchasing a Tag Heuer Formula 1 replica watch many people are looking for a price they can afford along with the highest quality materials their money can buy. These items can all be found online at Imitatewatch.com. They offer their quality replica watches at a low price that appeals to everyone as well as a shipping policy that makes sure every watch is shipped within 3 days of receiving full payment. Imitatewatch also offers many different guarantees such as their Low price and 30 day guarantee as well as their One Year Warranty to provide their customers with good quality customer service. Their quality website has everything available to help with the purchase of any qualtiy replica watch that you or your loved one or friend needs.


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Yana K.
San Antonio, TX, 78232
Joined on May, 2009
Gender: Female
Average Rating:
Any day in the evening
Lives Near:
Can Meet:
Up to 1 hour away for no additional charge
EducationMusic Major at European School of Music in Ukraine.
Experience2 years of tutoring experience. Extremely proficient in piano. Remarkable patience and excellent communication skills to deal with different students with different needs. Great and genuine passion for music. Deep knowledge of the theory and techniques required to compose, produce, and perform works of music.Strong knowledge of the use of the English language.
HobbiesGraduated from Music school. 7 years experience in piano and vocal. Fluent in Russin, Ukrainian and English. Acquainted with Arabic.
Preferred Subjects
Inquire about this tutor
The tutor will respond if they are available/interested.


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Alternative Titles: 3200 Phaethon, Phaethon
Learn about this topic in these articles:
infrared astronomy
...formation of planetary systems similar to that of the Sun. Other important findings included various clouds of interstellar gas and dust where new stars are being formed and an object, designated 1983TB, thought to be the parent body for the swarm of meteoroids known as Geminids.
meteor shower
...appearances of a small Earth-crossing asteroid. Discovered in 1983, it does not exhibit the usual cometary features of a nebulous head and long tail and so was placed among the asteroids and named Phaethon. Most researchers believe Phaethon is the burned-out remnant of a once-active comet, but its nature may only be established with observations by spacecraft.
...orbits, there are notable exceptions. In addition to the near-Earth asteroids, some objects are known to travel in orbits that extend far inside or outside the main belt. One of the most extreme is (3200) Phaethon, the first asteroid to be discovered by a spacecraft (the Infrared Astronomical Satellite in 1983). Phaethon approaches to within 0.14 AU of the Sun, well within the perihelion...


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Pedestrian crossing upgrades
North East Lincolnshire Council working in partnership with ENGIE is upgrading a number of pedestrian crossings in the borough.
The work is expected to take four weeks to complete and will see existing kerbs and footways replaced with flush (lower) kerbs and a tactile surface to aid the visually impaired and wheelchair/ mobility scooter users when crossing the road.
The work is being carried out in the following locations:
- Edmonds Way – corner
- Heneage Road – David Street /Welhome Road RHS
- Ladysmith Road – old Birdseye factory entrance
- Landsdowne Avenue – Park Avenue
- Laceby Road
- Freeman Street side road – Access to Asda
- Service Road 8 – private access
- Westwood Road – Park access
- Douglas Road
The council and ENGIE would like to apologise in advance for any inconvenience caused by these crossing upgrades which are part of the Tactile Crossing Program for 2016/17.
Visit www.nelincs.gov.uk/travel for the latest live travel information in the borough, including congestion and road works.


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MSSB FAA overtime
7 RepliesJump to last post
Hi All,
I am wrapping up my training at MSSB, had a good experience and very excited to go into production next week. While reviewing my goals and expectations I came across a section that says that I should be signing in and out every day and I am eligible for overtime, all of the FAA in my office including myself have not been told or have been doing this, we all have been also putting in 55 to 65 hours a week as well.
So my question goes out to other MSSB FAA's are you guys getting paid overtime like our handbook says we should be?
This guy isn't going to make it....
"You want vacation... Go teach third grade public school"
NewRep17, thank you for your response, I have not been getting a time sheet since I began working so I was concerned that I may have been doing some thing wrong. HR has called and now I have to just do redo 4 months worth of timesheets putting in my hours and overtime.
This guy isn't going to make it....
"You want vacation... Go teach third grade public school"
Pikers walk at the bell. Vacation time?! People join this firm for one reason, and one reason only; to become filthy rich.
Would you count the meetings you have with centers of influence or potential prospects in your timesheet as paid or unpaid?
Wow that is amazing, when did this contract go into place? What if you work 70 hour weeks? How would a company even track this sort of activity?


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Niki Hotel Paddington London
13 - 20 London Street, London, United Kingdom
The 3-star Niki Hotel Paddington boasts close proximity to British Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum and The London Eye just 2.0 km away. The property features an elevator and a safe deposit box.
The hotel is in the ideal location just near Edgware Road subway station. Paddington Station, Regents Canal and Hyde Park are located 900 meters from the hotel.
Within a 10-minute walk guests will find Marylebone train station. It will take around 20 minutes to get to London City airport by car.
Niki Hotel Paddington also offers cars for rent.
Important information
- Safe deposit box
- Continental breakfast
- Car rental
- Wake up service
- Meeting room
13 - 20 London Street, London, United Kingdom
Please, select dates to see available rooms.
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Niki Hotel Paddington
13 - 20 London Street, London, United Kingdom
What's nearby
- Local attractions
- The Drowned Man: A Hollywood Fable150 m
- Alexander Fleming Laboratory Museum200 m
- Ross Nye Stables250 m
- Hyde Park Stables300 m
- Rolling Bridge400 m
- Paddington Waterside500 m
- Paddington Green and St. Mary's Churchyard600 m
- Bayswater400 m
- Cleveland Square & Gardens500 m
- Quicksilver500 m
- The Reel Time500 m
- Indar Pasricha Fine Arts500 m
- Airports
- London City Airport15.6 km
- Train stations
- Paddington Station200 m


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This image contains a Herbert Kaufman quote that is perfect to share with players. The full quote is also good: Failure is only postponed success as long as courage coaches ambition. The habit of persistence is the habit of victory. ~Herbert Kaufman … [Read more...]
Motivational Basketball Posters & Images
Our motivational basketball images in these pages come in all sizes for your use. You will find full page size that make for great bulletin board material, sizes good for computer background images, as well as smaller sizes that are great for sharing on the internet. Whether you use them in some manner or simply browse through, do enjoy!


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Pseg free vector
Pseg is free Vector logo vector that you can download for free. it has been downloaded 41 times since August 17, 2011. 100 people has appriciated this vector. Pseg vector comes with 2 files, in eps, svg format. 1.05 M bandwidth has comsumed so far. Download Pseg vector today.


text: OK so I recently got inspired by the beautiful and sometimes really ugly and stretched image skins that I've been seeing on the net lately and decided to try my hand at making my own. This skin is dark in color but has a very contrasting and professional orange text. All of the icons except the folders are changed from the default skin. I guess I wanted a finished product that I could be comfortable using and showing to users. Try it out and see how you like it. Oh yea and forgot to mention... This is my first skin for anything ever! Here are some Screen-Shots: And all 3 Screen Savers: The animated pics may look a bit blurry but I promise the skins not of that quality. Enjoy and Rate it too! If you could also give me some criticism (no flaming!) and help me name it I would really appreciate it.. Also if you'd like to have a CD Case display for you album art I've included it in the archive as a PSD which can be opened with Gimp or any other good Photo editing software. DOWNLOAD 1 DOWNLOAD 2 Update! I just finished making some major improvements to the skin which include totally revamping the Movie Player and Icons. Also added a NINTENDO logo to the top screen and removed the L/R help text. Thanks for the suggestions and help everyone! Oh and decided on Rusted Steel as the name. Its a little gay, but what the hell... I like it!


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Learn how to protect yourself from Internet scams. Read our online fraud prevention tips
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May 18, 2016
This is your opportunity to learn first hand from golf legends Jim McLean and Bill Rogers.
Jim McLean is the #3 Teacher in America and #1 in Florida according to Golf Digest. Bill is a former #1 Player in the World, the 1981 British Open Champion, and a winner of 13 professional events worldwide.
In this special two-hour clinic, Jim and Bill will demonstrate Pitching, iron game practice, fairway metals, driving ideas, and mental cues of champions. Each student will receive personal tips for their golf swing
Cost: $175 per person
Time: 3:00 - 5:00 pm
Limited to 20 players
Call (817) 303-4370 to Sign up Today!
May 21, 2016
Spend a day with Jim McLean and his top teachers learning about all aspects of the game.
Your day will begin at 9:00 am with three hours of instruction led by Jim McLean, followed by lunch. In the afternoon you will play 9 Holes of golf on The Legends Par 3 course learning on course concepts and scoring ideas.
This unique One Day School led by Jim McLean will be an experience you will never forget!
Special Pricing: $950 per person
Time: 9:00 am - 3:00 pm
Limited Space Available
Call (817) 303 - 4370 to Register Today!


text:
Free Delivery on Orders over €100Spend over €100 and we'll post free!
Call Our Team on 00353 (0)1 456 0215Our Friendly Sales Team Will Be Glad to Help!
In-Store Visitors Always Welcome!Monday to Saturday, 9.00am-5.30pm
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Supa Spray Paint • 400ml Spary can
• SupaSpray Paint dries fast to a tough, long lasting finish• Interior and exterior use• Excellent for use on wood,metal,plaster,masonry,glass,pottery and wicker• Great for hobby and decorative projects • Quick & easy to use • Fast-drying
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Hardware Ireland is a Dublin based, online Hardware Store that provides delivery of a huge range of hardware, DIY, electrical, household, garden, pet products & tools from well known brands such as Dewalt, Ryobi, Titan, Polycell, Hitachi, Black & Decker & Stanley to customers throughout Ireland and the U.K.
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text:
In the weeks leading up to the Radiance Retreat 2015 I was filled with excited anxiety. I didn't know anyone that was going, I was rooming with a woman I'd never met and I looked up to many of the attendees so the celebrity factor was pretty high. In the first few hours my anxieties were quieted with the abundance… Read more →
Tag: radiance retreat
Sisterhood Everywhere
A little over 8 months ago I received a newsletter from Jen Sinkler about something called the Radiance Retreat that her, Jill Coleman, and Neghar Fonooni were leading in March. I read the email, looked at the website and pretty much bought the plane ticket. At this point in my career I was making ends meet so-to-speak, but wouldn't call myself super profitable – at least… Read more →


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Top Free Apps
recover pictures lab
Photo Recovery Workshop
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Committee on the Rights of the Child: Togo
Session 059 (2012)
(8 March 2012, CRC/C/TGO/CO/3-4, Concluding observations on third/fourth report, paras. 43 and 44)
"While welcoming the prohibition of corporal punishment in all settings, as provided for in the Children's Code, the Committee expresses concern that corporal punishment remains socially accepted and widely practiced in schools and in the home.
"The Committee urges the State party to take more active measures to raise awareness on the negative impact of all forms of corporal punishment, as recommended by the Committee since 1997 (CRC/C/15/Add.83, para. 40 and CRC/C/15/Add.255, para. 39). The Committee in particular urges the State party to:
a) ensure that laws prohibiting corporal punishment are effectively implemented and that legal proceedings are systematically initiated against persons subjecting children to corporal punishment;
b) introduce sustained public education, awareness-raising and social mobilization programmes, involving children, families, communities and religious leaders, on the harmful physical and psychological effects of corporal punishment, with a view to changing the general attitude towards this practice, and promote positive, non-violent and participatory forms of child-rearing and alternative forms of discipline as an alternative to corporal punishment;
c) ensure the involvement and participation of the whole society, including children, in the design and implementation of preventive strategies against violence and other forms of abuse; and
d) take guidance from the Committee's general comment No. 8 (2006) on the right of the child to protection from corporal punishment and other cruel or degrading forms of punishment."Read more from Session 059 (2012)
Session 038 (2005)
(31 March 2005, CRC/C/15/Add.255, Concluding observations on second report, paras. 6, 38 and 39)
"The Committee regrets that many of the concerns and recommendations (CRC/C/15/Add.83) it made upon consideration of the State party's initial report (CRC/C/3/Add.42) have been insufficiently addressed, especially those regarding ... corporal punishment (para. 40)....
"The Committee is deeply concerned that corporal punishment of children remains legally and socially accepted, and consequently is common in families and schools and other institutions for children, despite the Committee's previous recommendations (CRC/C/15/Add.83) and the Order of the Ministry of Education issued in 1980.
"The Committee recommends that the State party:
a) adopt a law effectively prohibiting all forms of corporal punishment of children in the family, in schools, in detention centres, in other forms of childcare institutions and in the community;
b) take effective measures to prohibit the use of violence against children, including corporal punishment, by parents, teachers and other caregivers;
c) undertake well-targeted public awareness campaigns on the negative impact of corporal punishment on children, and provide teachers and parents with training on non-violent forms of discipline as an alternative to corporal punishment."Read more from Session 038 (2005)
Session 016 (1997)
(10 October 1997, CRC/C/15/Add.83, Concluding observations on initial report, paras. 17 and 40)
"The Committee is concerned at the fact that corporal punishment is a common practice in the family, in schools and in other institutions. In this regard, the Committee is worried by the absence of a comprehensive law that clearly prohibits corporal punishment of children.
"In the light of articles 3, 19 and 28 (2), the Committee strongly recommends that corporal punishment be explicitly prohibited by law and that information campaigns be launched to appropriately sensitize adults on the dangers and harms of the practice. The Committee further recommends that the legislation protecting children from violence be amended in accordance with the provisions and principles of the Convention."Read more from Session 016 (1997)


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Terrace style living high in the sky with views to the city.
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47/252 Botany Road, Alexandria, NSW 2015
2 Bed | 2 Bath | 2 Car
Property ID: NSW11237586
Size matters!! This sub-penthouse boasts an impressive 204 square metres, which is over 50% larger than your average 2 bedroom apartment in Sydney*. The sophisticated inner city home has many of the benefits of terrace living but none of the disadvantages. Location, space, views, privacy, security, convenience, access to pool and gym without the maintenance. Pet friendly, double off-street parking and a storage cage too, you have it all.
Never before and never again will you have the opportunity to own this one of a kind home in one of Sydney's hottest locales - Alexandria. Home to some of Sydney's most vibrant and exciting lifestyle shopping, restaurants and cafes. All the modern day conveniences are at your beck and call.
- Impressive dual level sub-penthouse with bright northerly aspect
- Oversized living room with soaring cathedral ceilings
- Huge outdoor living with bonus use of common terrace area accessible only via the apartment
- Spacious dining room with generous wine racks
- Well-designed modern kitchen with plenty of cupboard and bench top space, premium grade appliances including dishwasher and a large double door ice-making fridge and bar table
- Luxurious king-sized Master Bedroom filled with numerous cupboards and drawers
- Impressive mezzanine study filled with a full wall of built in cupboards, there is even a fold out double bed for the unexpected guest
- Ensuite to main bedroom; main bathroom has full bath
- Reverse cycle air conditioning
- Gorgeous views to the city and 270 degree district views
- Luxaflex blinds and awnings
- 2 large underground car spaces with a separate storage cage
- Onsite oasis styled 25 m outdoor heated pool, gym, BBQ and visitors parking
- Pet friendly building
- 5 min walk to Alexandria Park
- 5 min walk to Green Square
* Average 2 bedroom apartment internal space assumed at 80 sqm. This apartment is 204 sqm total, with approx 124 sqm internally and 54 sqm externally, directly off the main living area.
View CENTURY 21 Prestige Properties
Contact Agent:
Jhonny Amorim
Mobile: 0419970970
Email: Email Me


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Accessories are in bloom for spring, as lush floral brooches, hair embellishments and headbands are proving this season's prettiest accompaniments.
Exhibitors provide a look ahead at the fashions they're bringing to Project Las.
Retailers returning to Project are prepared to work a little harder to make sure they don't miss a must-have line.
Project Las Vegas continues to reinvent itself with new decor, innovative sponsorships and, of course, cutting-edge fashions.
What better place than Sin City for the opening of the world's first Playboy Club in 21 years? Housed on the 52nd floor of The Palms' new Fantasy Tower, the Playboy Club is Las Vegas' only casino with the feel of an elegant lounge.
As national chains fill in new retail pockets, smaller businesses are staking their claims here, as well, supplying the hottest labels to the region's savvy shoppers. Here, a look at a few of the freshest finds.
Denim manufacturers exhibiting at the Bread & Butter Kraftwerk and Premium trade shows here last week expressed continued faith in the denim market, but acknowledged that the style landscape was shifting.
Invista is taking advantage of New York Fashion Week to tout the latest development in its XFit Lycra spandex stretch fiber.
With a new owner, Jimmy Choo is out to move beyond footwear and leather goods.
Polo Ralph Lauren Corp. on Wednesday posted third-quarter results that beat Wall Street estimates by 11 cents.
Richard Baker and Christina Johnson of NRDC Equity Partners fuelled speculation that NRDC is close to investing in the designer's business.
One way to attract only serious potential clients at a trade show is to build an enclosure around your booth and block the entrance with sheer fabric.
The semiannual Designers Shuk, the Israeli term for "market," featured 120 local, established and new designers here last week hawking discounted clothing and accessories.
The full benefits of the Central American Free Trade Agreement have proved elusive, but the pact still has the potential to spur economic growth, experts said.
The issue of health care costs brought together two longtime adversaries – Wal-Mart and organized labor.
The top 12 most familiar jewelry brands ranked by luxury consumers.
Bottega Veneta's biggest store in Europe has officially reopened here, the first of 10 store openings scheduled for this year.
Etro SpA reported another year of double-digit growth in 2006 as it expanded in key markets such as Italy and South Korea.
Benetton SpA posted 2006 sales in line with its previous guidance and forecast double-digit profit growth for the current year.
Sojin Lee, head of retail and buying at Net-a-Porter.com, has resigned. Lee was with the company for six years and is a close friend of Net-a-porter's founder, Natalie Massenet.
Versace executives outlined plans Wednesday to launch four new flagships in major U.S. markets by 2010.
Sunscreen products would be required to have labels with expiration dates and storage recommendations under legislation passed by the New York State Assembly.
Suri Cruise proved to be a bankable cover subject for Vanity Fair.
As the manic week hit its midway point, every major hot spot in town was crammed with fashion devotees.
This season, designers are mad for those little extra touches from discreetly buckled accents to the most lavish frou embellishments.
Le Silla, a company known for its decadent shoes, has gone down a surprisingly minimal track for fall.
Throwing a cocktail party around a tableau-like presentation can distract from the clothes.
It's day seven into the fall season, with a grueling month of fashion shows still to come.
So what does the real house of Yves Saint Laurent think about the references in Marc Jacobs' fall collection to the legendary retired couturier?
A few years ago Waris Ahluwalia was overcome with a passion to create jewelry. When he shows his jewelry, under the brand House of Waris, it's an intimate experience.
Plenty of fur, lots of leg and a whole lot of rich elegance. That's what Michael Kors, Proenza Schouler and Narciso Rodriguez delivered with their glamorous collections.
Familiarity may breed contentment, and that's why some designers stick to favorite themes. Others are eager to combine disparate elements – not always with happy results.


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Direct bus
Direct bus from San Jose leaves from the bus terminal 710. It will take you directly to Santa Teresa. After the first stop in Santa Teresa stay on the bus and tell the driver you want to go to Tranquilo Backpackers. It is the second stop and it is right in front of Tranquilo Backpackers.
If you come from anywhere else in Costa Rica than San Jose, get a bus first to Puntarenas and then follow instructions for local bus below.
Local bus
First, get to Puntarenas. Then take the ferry to Paquera. There is another ferry going to Playa Naranjo. Don´t take this one. Then take the bus to Cobano and from there, the bus to Santa Teresa.
In almost all hostels you can book a transfer by minibus. It is more expensive but will bring you directly to our hostel.
Drive to Puntarenas. Take the ferry to Paquera. There is another ferry going to Playa Naranjo. Don´t take this one. Then follow road to Cobano and then to Santa Teresa.
There is two local airlines flying to our area. To book a ticket go to NATUREAIR.COM or to the other one which is FLYSANSA.COM
Fly to Tambor airport and then take a taxi or the bus to Santa Teresa.
Sometimes taxi drivers say that we are closed, full or don't exist anymore. Or maybe he says he never heard of Tranquilo. He just wants to bring you to the cabinas of his uncle somewhere out in the jungle where he gets a commission. Insist and tell him the direction is Spanish: "cuatrocientos metros al norte del cruce, despues del super Ronny's numero uno al lado derecha."
There you will see our sign and the entrance to the hostel to the right.


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Goodness knows what McIlroy meant by his cryptic statement. It began "if you want to be a part of the circus you have to...", but maybe it is a reflection of his bemused state of mind at the moment.
Off the course, he is splitting with his second management company in the past 18 months, while, on it, the Northern Irishman continues to jump back several paces after having seemingly made a few important strides forward.
This two-over 74 was a headcase in point. After 12 holes, the 24-year-old was on three-under and within three of the first-round leader, South Africa's James Kingston, who shot a 66.
His decision to ditch his Nike putter and return to the Scotty Cameron he employed before signing the £78 million deal in January seemed to have worked. Six holes later McIlroy was on two-over and eight behind. And he could not quite work out why.
"I played well for the first 12 holes, but it just got away from me," McIlroy said.
"I missed par-putts on 14 and 15 but, apart from a couple of loose shots, it wasn't anything disastrous. I'm just not getting as much out of my rounds as I should. I don't know what I can put it down to."
On a cold, windy day, during which there was a 90-minute storm delay, Luke Donald was the main casualty as his bid for a third PGA title in succession was all but derailed with a 78.
Fellow Englishman Lee Westwood is well placed after a 70, while Justin Rose dropped three shots in the last two holes for a 72.


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Thank you to our Maple Sugar Festival sponsors!
Life Story Network
52 Years of Maple Sugaring!
Saturday, March 11 and Sunday, March 12, 2017
Join us for the 52nd Annual Maple Sugar Festival. Start your day with delicious pancakes smothered in real Michigan maple syrup! Go back in time as you walk along a wooded trail with a Naturalist for a historical maple sugar tour. Experience our amazing Birds of Prey up close! The whole family will enjoy the sweet experience.
Don't miss a visit to the DeLano Homestead during the festival to experience maple sugaring and life in the 1800s. Demonstrations by blacksmiths, spinners and fiber artists will round out the activities.
Interested in volunteering at Maple Sugar Festival? Flexible shifts available! Learn more ...
Visitor Center 9 am - 5 pm
9 am - 1:30 pm* Pancake breakfast
9 am - 5 pm Kids' activities and crafts
9:30 am - 4 pm Maple sugar tours
9:30 am - 4:15 pm Creature Features in lower level every 15 minutes
depart from sundial every 15 minutes
10 am - 12 pm and 2-4 pm Face painting with Ben Flaten
10:30 am, 12:30 pm, and 3:30 pm Live animal programs featuring a Bird of Prey and other KNC animals
2 pm Guided nature hike
2-4:45 pm* Ice cream with maple syrup
DeLano Homestead 11 am - 5 pm
Pioneer sugaring demonstrations
Horse-drawn wagon rides ($2/person,
weather permitting)
Blacksmithing and fiber art demonstrations
Kids' activities
2-5 pm* Ice cream with maple syrup
Members free, Non-members $7/adult, $6/senior, $4/child (4 – 17 yrs), children 3 years and under are free.
*Additional fees:
Pancake breakfast: $6 (children 2 and under free)
Ice cream w/real maple syrup: $3 per serving
Cotton candy: $3 per bag
Wagon ride: $2 per ride
Face painting: $3 per painting
Sign up for a KNC membership today and we will deduct the price of admission!
*Guest passes are not valid for special events.*
Kalamazoo Nature Center • 7000 North Westnedge Avenue • Kalamazoo, MI 49009
About KNC | SWMSBF | Contact Us | Site Map


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Foods play an important role in maintaining a better health. Foods can make you healthy and at the same time can make you sick. Having wrong foods such as oily foods, processed foods, packaged foods, junk foods, foods containing sweeteners etc will deteriorate your health.
However, age is also important in determining what kind of food is good for you. When you have crossed your 20's, many diseases can find way in your body such as diabetes, high blood pressure, obesity, high cholesterol etc. Especially if you are having a family history of these diseases then you are under high risk.
Attention! Never Throw These Super Healthy Food Parts
Eating wrong foods at this age can put in much trouble while as eating right foods will offer protection to you from these lifestyle diseases. The rate of metabolism decreases with age so you keep on storing the excess calories ad can't metabolise excess fats and other foods.
This also makes you more vulnerable for diseases at a particular age. So always eat foods according to your age.
If You Are 20
If you are in your 20's then you can eat all kinds of foods but the key is to maintain a balance. At this age your metabolism is high and your body copes well with the toxins. However, also eat enough of fruits, vegetables and whole-meal grains. Your skin will be glowing by eating these foods.
7 Weird And Bizarre Foods Eaten By People
If you are 30
Your diet should not increase foods which can increase your blood sugar or cholesterol level. In your 30's the risk for diabetes, cholesterol, obesity and other lifestyle diseases increase. Include more fibres in your diet such as whole grains, oats, cereals, fruits, vegetables etc. Also avoid junk foods, processed and oily foods.
If you are 40
When you are in your 40's you must eat diet rich in antioxidants. During your 40's the need of your body is to fight with the free radicals which cause damage to the body organs. Eat more of raw tomatoes, pomegranate, cherries, berries etc which supplies you with enough antioxidants. Avoid foods that cause gases and flatulence such as red meat, processed foods, pasta etc.


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Discussion in 'Photoshopped, Captions, Tribute Pictures' started by avinman, Feb 7, 2013.
Can we contact you there and send pics of her????? Damn, that is a monster cock.
hit me up if you want to do me
whats your yahoo messenger handle?
Sorry, I don't use yahoo
I'll send some over - Thanks!
please,fake my wife,foto send you email,my email@example.com
We sent you some GREAT ones.....now you show us your talents......Thanks a bunch..
use my pics pleas for fake
Separate names with a comma.


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US: Baltimore
Hey, I'm Josh, Senior SEO Director for Jellyfish US.
I joined the Jellyfish team in 2014, and work to deploy targeted digital strategies for our clients, in an effort to provide dramatic gains in online visibility and site authority.
I bring with me over ten years of experience in the digital marketing arena. After getting my SEO start in-house with a technology startup in Baltimore, I spent four years agency-side, heading up SEO strategy. My unique approach to SEO involves a high level of technical proficiency coupled with a creative approach to content strategy and outreach.
Outside of Jellyfish I'm a aspiring entrepreneur, craft cocktail aficionado, taco evangelist and golf fanatic.
Disrupting the legal discovery space and reinventing a brand
Senior SEO Manager Josh Patterson has written an article published in Smart Business.
Josh Patterson, our senior SEO Manager, wrote an article for the
Senior SEO Manager, Josh Patterson


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New Conservatism and Globalization. Globalization Economic globalization and protests Multiculturalism and the Culture Wars Computer revolution and the Internet. Anti-World Bank demonstrator in Jakarta, Indonesia. Anti-anti-globalization cartoon. Anti-WTO Cartoon. WTO members.
Related searches for New Conservatism and Globalization
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text:
for $14.95
Scentbird, Inc., New York, NY 10001
Eros description
Versace follows up their Eros for Men release from 2012 with Eros Femme, a jasmine and pomegranate-infused knockout that sacrifices all your senses to the God of Love. The heart of this fragrance is a Pandora's Box filled with sensual suggestions, and lined with both an infusion of jasmine petals as well as jasmine sambac absolute.
The top notes include lemon and bergamot, yet both are set aside to make room for a salacious pomegranate accord (pomegranate is one of the world's oldest aphrodisiacs, so it's no wonder it takes over top billing). The citrus notes aren't here to provide their usual bright and cheerful opening – instead they are shadowy henchmen for the pomegranate's dark and addictive agenda.
The drydown has both musk and ambroxan, which gives the base of Eros a skin scent-like feel, and the sandalwood note is as rich and distracting as the jasmine absolute is at the beginning.
Eros Femme is a jasmine lover's dream perfume, and one packed with plenty of erotic attitude. For Versace and jasmine fans, this is the top of the mountain.


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House decoration has emerged from various areas. Asian decor is one of finest decoration theme. Asian countries have unique and antique design. Designers always praise original Asian design for its subtle and elegant application. To know more about this decoration style, you should know some basic principles behind it. Culture and custom influence their home design. One country in Asian might have more just dozens culture. This kind of point is different element, understanding one specific style is just not good more than enough. Nevertheless, one design could amaze your eyes. Moreover, modern style for decoration can be ignored. As economic growth, Asian becomes new center of knowledge and technology.
Modern decor incorporates two things, asian designers combine their local style into contemporary application. The result is very different with practical modern decoration. They use universal theme as basic design. Life and nature are two important aspects in human life. Life represents human activity and soul. Asian people often give implicit lesson, even in modern era. New building always comes up with meaningful philosophy. If you were not familiar with this kind of custom, it would be hard to understand. For these people, decor isn't only set whatever you like. It is about feeling and principle. Knowing what your life principle will direct to right design.
Modern thing is identically with high technology device. Room with modern theme would use latest electronic appliance. You can see LED television, wireless device, and some USB ports. Most of these display that this specific space is actually very contemporary. Another thing in modern decoration is simple furniture. People choose practical and functional rather aesthetic side. Asian interior is slightly similar but with different perspective. Simple room decoration means no complicated pattern on furniture. People still use electronic device but not so much. This decoration is suitable with real condition on Asian.


text: I came here with the intention of staying for only three nights and three WEEKS later, I'm still here! Can not get enough of this place. Chilled vibes, great atmosphere, excellent staff and the best sunsets in the world! My best advice would be to wake up and enjoy the free breakfast, take the shuttle to the beach, return to... More


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The city is a history on stone and the building is the cornerstone of the city. Touching the historic mark and through the development of buildings in Shanghai, you can see a different picture from other regions and countries. The characteristic of recent building in Shanghai is a key to make research on the history of Shanghai. In Nov.1843, Shanghai formally set up the port of foreigh trade, which gave birth to the capitalistic industry and commerce in China and then the modern industry gradually came into vogue. With the change of economy of the city and structure of the society, traditional mode of residence began to change and formed the rudiment of modem mode of residence and modern buildings is the city. Inheriting the traditional mode of residence,the form of building combining western and Chinese sytle came into being, as a result, unconventional Chinese style, such as western building, lane houses and garden villa began to produce…
Route Description:
Start off the tour at the Xiangyang Park and we riding through Cite Bourgogne;Stone-gate buildings,Former Residence of Song Ziwen; Tianzifang, Huaiyuanfang, Residence of Ceneral--Chou Enlai…(which is typical historical buildings in shanghai)We can talk with the buildings and Listen to the History of Shanghai.
Level : Easy
Meeting Point: Central Plaza (Huaihai Road)
Cycling Distance: 18KM
Tour Duration: 3-4 hours riding
Price Includes: 1) English speaking leader
2) bicycle rental, helmet
3) ferry boat ticket
1 bottle of water and a GREAT time
All days upon request. Please call "133-8140-0738 "to Reserve in advance, Or reserve online now.
Add:No.170 Nanjing Road West,Shanghai,China


text:
Published On Jan 11, 2017
Meryl Streep is Hollywood's greatest hero, Trump fires back, and Obama prepares the longest goodbye.
Please select the category that most closely reflects your concern about the video, so that we can review it and determine whether it violates our Community Guidelines or isn't appropriate for all viewers. Abusing this feature is also a violation of the Community Guidelines, so don't do it. [email protected]


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Welcome to my classroom! Just a little about me. I am originally from the Chicago area, but moved to Maysville in 1986. I have been teaching in the Mason County School System since 1990. I am married to my husband, Mike, and we have one daughter, Caitlin.
I look forward to working with your child this year. Please contact me if you have any questions or concerns.


text:
Inverclyde, council area, west-central Scotland, lying entirely within the historic county of Renfrewshire. Inverclyde extends along the River Clyde and the Firth of Clyde on the north and encompasses an area of hills and valleys to the south. Its economy historically depended on docks, shipbuilding, and marine engineering at Port Glasgow, Greenock, and Gourock. These industries declined during the late 20th century, but the container port at Greenock sustained a local shipping and transport industry, and the local economy benefited from growing electronics manufacturing and service sectors. The banks of the Clyde are industrialized, but higher land to the west, where Creuch Hill rises to 1,446 feet (441 metres), is rural, with dairying and sheep farming. Greenock is the administrative centre. Area 62 square miles (160 square km). Pop. (2006 est.) 81,540.
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 10, 1994
|Filing date
|Jun 22, 1993
|Priority date
|Aug 30, 1991
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Sang G. Oh
|Original Assignee
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (16), Classifications (22), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/752,708, filed Aug. 30, 1991, now abandoned.
This invention relates in general to signal processing, and more particularly to a telephone signal classification and phone message delivery method and system.
Communications between individuals have become an important and extensive part of contemporary society. As a result, technology has accelerated in order to produce numerous ways for individuals to communicate with one another. For example, telephone systems have become much more elaborate, facsimile machines have proliferated, computer networks are more extensive and cellular telephone systems are commonplace.
One particularly advantageous communications medium is phone message delivery. In particular, phone message delivery typically includes a system whereby a person may call the system and leave a voice message. Thereafter, the voice message is delivered to a second person who is the intended recipient of the voice message. This type of messaging system permits one person to communicate a voice message to a second person through the convenience of leaving a message without having to speak live or simultaneously with the intended recipient of the message.
One key problem or underlying complication in voice message delivery systems, however, has been an accurate and reliable delivery of the voice message to the intended recipient. In particular, certain voice message systems operate such that a voice message is stored and the intended recipient is later called in order to deliver the message to that person. Once the intended recipient answers the call, the voice message is delivered. As a result, the system must include an accurate subsystem which can detect when the intended recipient, or some answering person, has answered the phone so that the message may be delivered to that person. Thus, this system must be able to distinguish various different types of signals which it may receive in response to its efforts to contact the intended recipient of the voice message. For example, when the system tries to contact the recipient person, it may receive a ring signal, a busy signal, a clicking on the phone line or various other types of signals rather than receiving the voice response of the intended recipient. Accordingly, the subsystem must be able to distinguish these various systems from the voice of the recipient so that the message is not inadvertently delivered when it should not be.
One previous method for detecting a voice signal on the telephone line is based on Fourier analysis. Under this analysis, a telephone system places a telephone call to the intended recipient in order to deliver the voice message. The system monitors the telephone line signals received once the call is placed. In particular, the system observes eight channels of frequency components to determine whether the signals on the line represent a human voice or other possible signals which may be encountered on a telephone line. This method has been developed with the assumption that a human voice has no consistency over several 32 millisecond frames in frequency components, while non-voice signals such as a ring, busy or reorder signal do have consistency. Therefore, after taking a Fourier transform of the incoming signal, a consistency test is performed. Thereafter, based on the analysis of the consistency test, the Fourier prior art system determines whether the received signal is a human voice or some other signal.
The Fourier transform method and process, however, have been shown to perform poorly, particularly when the incoming signal has substandard quality associated with it. For example, for older telephone exchange systems, various static or clicks on the system may cause erroneous analysis under the Fourier transform system. As another example, even though there are specifications for ring signals from the Bell Telephone System, ring signals frequently violate the specifications. As a consequence, the existing Fourier method often misclassifies a ring signal as a human voice, or vice versa. In the instance where a ring signal is misinterpreted as a human voice, the system may attempt to deliver the voice message when in fact there is no human at the receiving end of the line to receive it. Naturally, this erroneous delivery prevents the actual intended recipient from ever receiving the message and, therefore, may have devastating consequences.
From the above, it may be appreciated that a need has risen for a telephone signal classification and phone message delivery system which corrects the problems or substantially reduces those associated with prior art systems.
In accordance with the present invention, a telephone signal classification and phone message delivery method and system are provided which substantially eliminate or reduce disadvantages and problems associated with prior signal classification and phone message delivery systems.
The present invention includes a method of processing a signal having characteristics and received from a telephone line. The method includes defining a frame by measuring a plurality of samples from the signal over a predetermined period. Additionally, linear prediction coding coefficients of a selected group of the plurality of samples are determined. Further, the variance of the linear prediction coding coefficients are determined and compared to a reference variance. Finally, a heuristic rule is applied to a selected characteristic of the signal to determine if the signal comprises a voice signal.
The present invention provides numerous technical advantages over systems included within the prior art. One technical advantage is a more accurate recognition of telephone line signals. Another technical advantage is the ability to provide accurate recognition between busy, reorder, click, ring and voice signals. As a result, there is the additional technical advantage that the telephone message delivery system is more accurate and reliable in delivering voice messages. Still another technical advantage is a reduced processing load on the processing capabilities of the phone message system.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention and the advantages thereof, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of the steps utilized for signal detection and classification in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates the operations of a phone message delivery system in accordance with the present invention; and
FIG. 3 illustrates a block diagram of a phone message delivery system in accordance with the present invention.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention are illustrated in FIGS. 1-2 of the drawings. In particular, FIG. 1 illustrates a functional block diagram of the signal processing process of the present invention, denoted generally at 10. In general, process 10 operates to analyze a signal received from a telephone line and classify whether that signal is a human voice signal or other type of signal. In the preferred embodiment, the potentially other encountered signals include a ring signal, a busy signal, a reorder signal or a click signal. Each of these various signals are those which are commonly encountered on a telephone line. The particular steps of process 10 are described in greater detail below.
Process 10 begins at a start block 12. After start block 12, the telephone line signal is passed through a low pass filter step 14. Low pass filter step 14 involves applying a bandpass filter which removes frequencies above a predetermined frequency cut-off. In the preferred embodiment, all signals above 800 Hz in frequency are removed. This preferred cut-off permits the elimination of any extraneous signals which may occur over 800 Hz, and which are therefore not processed by the remaining steps within process 10. The filtered telephone signal is broken down into data frames by sampling step 16. In the preferred embodiment, 512 data samples are gathered per frame by sampling at a frequency of 8000 Hz over a period of 64 milliseconds. Thus, each frame formed by sampling step 16 provides 512 data samples which are further analyzed by the steps in process 10.
The number of samples for each data frame is reduced in a downsampling step 18. In the preferred embodiment, downsampling is accomplished at a ratio of 4 to 1. Therefore, the 512 samples obtained in sampling step 16 are reduced to 128 samples in downsampling step 18. Downsampling is utilized in the preferred embodiment in order to reduce the amount of data which must be processed. It should be noted that downsampling is permitted while still achieving accurate results throughout process 10. As a result, both the amount of memory and processor load which are necessary to perform the overall analysis are reduced while still achieving reliable results. Consequently, the overall system operates more efficiently and inexpensively. It should also be noted that although the preferred embodiment utilizes 512 samples downsampled to 128 samples, each of the parameters including sampling rate, period of sampling and ratio of downsampling may be adjusted or altered by one skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the intended invention.
Once the preferred number of samples are obtained, various computations and measurements are performed. In particular, a Root Mean Square ("RMS") value computational step 20 is performed on the 128 samples. As discussed in greater detail below, this RMS value, when squared, reflects the energy level of the samples. In particular, this energy level is used with respect to heuristic classification in order to specifically identify the type of signal being received. The number of zero crossings for the frame of samples is also measured in a zero crossing measure step 22. This zero crossing process is performed according to techniques known in the art. The actual number of zero crossings measured is also used in connection with heuristic classifications in order to determine whether or not the sampled telephone signal constitutes either a busy or a reorder signal.
A computation step 24 is performed to compute the Linear Prediction Coding ("LPC") coefficients of the downsampled data frame. The LPC coefficients are calculated as is known in the art in order to generate a linear model for the signal. The LPC model assumes that the current signal is the sum of previous signals plus a noise factor. In particular, the LPC analysis provides that a signal is a function of time and may be described in terms of the following:
y(t)=Σα.sub.k y(t-k)+n(t) Eqn. (1)
y(t) is the signal at a time t;
αk is a weighting factor;
y (t-k) is the signal at a previous time, t-k; and
n(t) is the variance of the noise at time t.
Under LPC analysis, the LPC coefficients may be used in order to calculate an estimated weighting factor to be used for αk. In addition, a variance computation step 26 is performed utilizing the LPC coefficients so that the variance of noise, n(t), may be determined. In particular, the variance of noise is calculated according to:
v=l.sup.T Rl Eqn. (2)
v is the variance of noise;
l is the LPC coefficient vector of the input data;
lT is the transpose of l and
R is the covariance matrix of the input data.
For purposes of comparing the actual data to reference data, computation step 24 is also performed on one or more predetermined reference sets of data. In particular, in the preferred embodiment, three different reference sets of data are stored in the form of LPC coefficients. These three references preferably reflect LPC coefficients for three different types of ring signals which may be encountered on the telephone line. Three different rings are provided because, although the telephone system is governed and therefore should include only one type of ring signal, it has been determined that various types of ring signals may still appear on a telephone line. Accordingly, each of the three reference LPC coefficient sets represent respective types of possible ring signals.
In addition to the reference LPC coefficient sets, the variances of each of the three reference signals are also computed. This computation is performed in accordance with Equation (2) and step 26 above. As a result, following variance computation step 26, process 10 includes the variance, vd, of the data as well as the variances vr1, vr2 and vr3 for the three respective reference ring signals.
A comparison step 28 is performed in order to compare the data variance, vd, with each of the respective reference variances. In the preferred embodiment, this comparison is performed in terms of a ratio and, therefore, is:
r=V.sub.d /V.sub.rn Eqn. (3)
r is the ratio of the data variance to a reference variance; and
vrn is one of the n number of reference variances.
From a review of Equation (3), it may be appreciated that if the data is similar to one of the references, the ratio r will be approximately 1 for the comparison of the data to that reference. Thus, through Equation (3), it is determined if there is a large probability that the data approximates one of the three reference values. If there is such a large probability, then at this step within process 10 there is an indication that the particular data most likely corresponds to one of the three ring signals represented by the three references. As described in greater detail below, additional heuristic analysis are carried forwarded in order to either verify or refute this indication.
A delay block 30 causes process 10 to accumulate data and perform its analysis over a multiple frame time period. In the preferred embodiment, process 10 is repeated three times so that data is measured and evaluated, and calculations are made, for three consecutive frames of signal on the telephone line. As a result, the series of three frames may be subject to additional characterizations and classifications in order to more accurately predict the type of signal received on the telephone line. While delay block 30 is illustrated in a looping fashion, it should be understood that the collected frames of information are gathered on an ongoing basis and the processing time necessary for performing steps 16-28 does not interrupt the collection of data. Therefore, the three frames collected through delay block 30 represent consecutive signal information on the telephone line and are not separated by gaps of lost information due to the operation of process 10.
In order to more accurately predict the type of signal analyzed by process 10, a heuristic classification step 32 is performed on various characteristics of the telephone line signal. As used herein, the term heuristic is defined in its ordinary meaning, that being including a problem solving technique in which the most likely solution of several alternatives is found by applying different considerations. Thus, in the present invention, the following heuristic rules are applied to particular signal characteristics so that process 10 may generate an accurate prediction of the type of signal on the telephone line. In particular, the heuristic rules are as follows:
1. The duration of a ring signal is at least 0.9 seconds, but not longer than 2.5 seconds. Accordingly, process 10 may continue over multiple frames in order to analyze a time period between 0.9 and 2.5 seconds. Thus, if process 10 has reached a tentative conclusion that the signal is a ring signal, it further determines that that signal has a duration of 0.9 to 2.5 seconds in order to further confirm that evaluation.
2. The energy level (square of the RMS value) of a ring signal remains relatively constant throughout the duration of a ring signal. Accordingly, when process 10 has reached a tentative conclusion that the signal is a ring signal, it may further evaluate the RMS value (or its square) throughout the duration of the signal to determine whether or not that RMS value remains relatively constant. If the value is relatively constant, it may be concluded that the signal is a ring signal; however, if the RMS value fluctuates during the duration of the signal, it may be concluded that the signal is something other than a ring signal.
3. The energy level (square of the RMS value) of a human voice signal varies significantly over the duration of the signal. Thus, in comparison to the second heuristic rule discussed above, a fluctuating energy level indicates a probability that the signal is a human voice signal rather than a ring signal. Accordingly, an evaluation of the energy level of the signal is further determinative of whether or not the signal constitutes either a ring or human voice signal.
4. A click signal lasts at most 0.25 seconds. Thus, a signal previously characterized as a click signal by process 10 may be evaluated further to ensure that the characterization as a click signal remains consistent for a time period less than 0.25 seconds. If, however, process 10 has an initial indication that the signal is a click signal, but the duration of that signal extends beyond 0.25 seconds, process 10 may conclude that the signal is not a click signal.
5. The on/off interval of a busy signal is approximately 500 milliseconds and is approximately 250 milliseconds for a reorder signal. As stated above, zero crossing measuring step 22 determines the number of zero crossings for a sampled signal. In particular, for both a busy and reorder signal, a predetermined number of zero crossings may be expected when either the busy or reorder signal is on. Thus, by comparing this predetermined number with the number of measured zero crossings, an initial indication is made as to whether or not the analyzed signal is either a busy or reorder signal. Once this initial indication is made, the on/off interval or duration of the signal may also be monitored to confirm that the signal is either a busy or a reorder signal. During this duration, the on/off interval of a busy signal is approximately 500 milliseconds while the on/off interval of a reorder signal is approximately 250 milliseconds. Thus, the indication through analysis of zero crossing that a signal is either a busy signal or a reorder signal may be further confirmed by monitoring the duration of the signal to determine whether it is on and off for either 500 or 250 milliseconds.
From the above it may be appreciated that process 10 performs various measurements and analysis in order to classify a telephone signal as either a ring, voice, click, busy or reorder signal. This classification process is preferably implemented in a system such as that illustrated in FIG. 3. Voice delivery system 34 receives messages from outside sources 72. These messages are stored as voice messages 74 in voice delivery system 34. In addition to the voice messages 74 the outside sources 72 provide indication of intended recipients for the voice messages. This information is used by the calling circuit 78 to the intended recipient 70 of a message. The signal received from the recipient 70 is analyzed by the signal analysis circuit 80 to determine whether the received signal is a busy, a reorder, or a click signal. If a voice signal is encountered, as discussed in detail below, then message delivery circuit 76 delivers the voice message 74 to the recipient 70. The details of the operation of system 34 is discussed in reference to FIG. 2. In particular, FIG. 2 illustrates a voice delivery system 34. Voice delivery system 34 operates in order to transfer a voice message to its intended recipient. In particular, system 34 retains the voice message until the intended recipient is contacted over the phone. Once contacted, the voice message is delivered to the recipient.
In detail, voice delivery system 34 begins at a start block 36. From start block 36, the process continues to a receive voice message step 38. At step 38, a voice message is received from an outside source. For example, the outside source may constitute a phone messaging system which receives voice messages along with an indication of the intended recipient for the voice message. Thus, an exemplary system would be one wherein a person may call the system and leave a message as well as enter a code corresponding to the intended recipient of the call. System 34 operates to retain this message and later deliver it in accordance with the steps detailed below.
Once a voice message is received, the intended recipient for the message is called during step 40. This call may be placed according to known principles in the art. Thus, for the example above, the code entered by the sender of the message is deciphered and the intended recipient of the voice message is called. Upon completing the dialing sequence, system 34 operates during step 42 to identify the type of signal which is received in response to placing the call. As mentioned above, system 34 is configured in order to anticipate receiving either a ring, voice, click, busy or reorder signal. Accordingly, the remaining steps of FIG. 2 are directed toward identifying which type of signal is received and acting accordingly.
System 34 analyzes the received signal in order to determine whether it is a busy or reorder or click signal during step 44. The particular process implemented in order to determine whether the signal is one of these three types of signals is that discussed above in connection with FIG. 1. If the received signal is either a busy, reorder or click signal, the system is configured in order to try to deliver the message again later as illustrated by step 46. Thus, upon encountering step 46, system 34 may wait a predetermined and desirable amount of time and later return to call intended recipient step 40. Upon recommencing the process at step 40, the remaining steps following thereafter may again be performed in an effort to attempt to deliver the voice message.
If the received signal is not determined to be a busy, reorder or click signal in step 44, system 34 continues and determines whether the received signal is a ring signal during step 48. If the received signal is a ring signal, system 34 continues to determine whether more than five consecutive rings have been received as illustrated by step 50. If less than five consecutive rings have been received, system 34 returns to step 42 to identify the immediately subsequent received signal. Thus, for example, if a series of three successive rings are received, system 34 will operate in a loop fashion as each successive ring is detected.
If more than five successive rings are encountered, system 34 will try again later to call the intended recipient as illustrated by step 52. As discussed in connection with step 46, the try again later indication of step 52 is an indication that system 34 will wait a predetermined amount of time and later, once again, return to step 40 in an effort to call the intended recipient of the voice message. From a review of steps 48, 50 and 52, it should be appreciated that system 34 will process successive rings until either more than five rings have been received or a signal other than a ring signal is encountered. For example, if three rings are received followed by a busy signal, process 34 will loop around three times between steps 42 and 50 and ultimately conclude at step 46 to try again later once the busy signal is detected during step 44. If the ring signal is followed by other signals such as a reorder, click or voice signal, then that alternative signal will be processed in general as discussed in connection with FIG. 2 as a whole.
If it is determined in step 48 that the receive signal is not a ring signal, system 34 determines whether the received signal represents silence of more than 20 seconds as illustrated in step 54. If the receive signal does constitute silence of more than 20 seconds, system 34 will again try again later to deliver the voice message as illustrated by step 56. If the received signal is not silence of more than 20 seconds, system 34 analyzes the signal to determine if it is a voice signal as shown in step 58. If the received signal is a voice signal, the voice message is delivered as illustrated in step 60. Alternatively, if the received signal is not a voice signal, system 34 continues to try again later to deliver the voice message as illustrated in step 62.
From a review of FIG. 2, it may be appreciated that system 34 operates to retain a voice message and attempt to deliver it to its intended recipient by calling that recipient and monitoring the signal received in response to placing the call. In particular, the system analyzes the signal in order to determine whether the signal is a busy, reorder, click, ring or voice signal, and additionally determines whether or not a signal of overlengthy silence is encountered. The system repeatedly attempts to deliver the message until a voice is encountered in response to placing the call. Upon receiving a voice signal, the system delivers the voice message to the recipient. Thus from the above, it should be appreciated that the present invention provides an accurate and reliable voice message delivery system. Further, while the present invention has been described in detail, it should be appreciated that various modifications, substitutions or alterations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jul 30, 1973
|Mar 25, 1975
|Compur Werk Gmbh & Co
|Speech controlled switching arrangement
|Dec 31, 1975
|Jun 28, 1977
|Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated
|Speaker recognition arrangement
|Nov 9, 1984
|Aug 25, 1987
|Digital Sound Corporation
|Digital tone decoder and method of decoding tones using linear prediction coding
|Sep 22, 1986
|Feb 28, 1989
|Dytel Corporation
|Busy/no-answer call completion equipment
|May 9, 1989
|Oct 1, 1991
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|Voice verification circuit for validating the identity of an unknown person
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 17, 1993
|May 16, 1995
|At&T Corp.
|Disconnect signalling detection arrangement
|Mar 1, 1993
|Sep 12, 1995
|Dialogic Corporation
|Voice detection
|Jan 12, 1994
|Oct 17, 1995
|Dialogic Corporation
|Selectively activated dual tone multi-frequency detector
|Jun 27, 1995
|Aug 6, 1996
|Andrew S. Dibner
|Telephone ring detector
|Jun 6, 1995
|May 26, 1998
|Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc.
|Personal communications service using wireline/wireless integration
|Oct 5, 1995
|Nov 10, 1998
|Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc.
|Mediated AIN control of short code access to information service providers
|Mar 4, 1996
|Dec 8, 1998
|Geotel Communications Corp.
|Communications system using a central controller to control at least one network and agent system
|Apr 28, 1998
|Mar 2, 1999
|Geotel Communications Corp
|Communications system and method for operating same
|Oct 16, 1997
|Jan 4, 2000
|Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc.
|Method of personal communications service using wireline/wireless integration detecting a predetermined event during process of a call
|Mar 27, 1998
|Feb 6, 2001
|Bell Atlantic Network Services, Inc.
|Mediated AIN control of short code access to information service providers
|Jan 20, 1997
|Jan 21, 2003
|Sony Corporation
|Telephone apparatus with audio recording function and audio recording method telephone apparatus with audio recording function
|Apr 30, 1999
|Mar 16, 2004
|Telecommunications Research Laboratories
|Voiceband signal classifier
|Dec 5, 2006
|Jul 10, 2012
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Systems, methods, and apparatus for detection of tonal components employing a coding operation with monotone function
|Jul 17, 2008
|Nov 6, 2012
|International Business Machines Corporation
|System and method for suggesting recipients in electronic messages
|Dec 5, 2006
|Jul 26, 2007
|Sharath Manjunath
|Systems, methods, and apparatus for detection of tonal components
|Jul 17, 2008
|Jan 21, 2010
|Mette Hammer
|System and method for suggesting recipients in electronic messages
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 22, 1997
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 28, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 27, 2005
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Hello, I am new. I am looking for information for my poor Aunt cookie. She suffers from RA and her hands have become deformed. Has anyone been to, heard of, have information on the alternative treatments in Mexico? She has interest in Hoxsey, but would love for testimonials. The only ones we can find are regarding cancer. Please! If anyone has any information, yea or nay, ANYTHING, please respond. I'm sorry to barge onto your board, but I really want to help her. Thank you! Christine
Hi sjkly!
Thank you for responding.
I am afraid I do not know much about my Aunt's course of treatment. I think my Mom said she was on Celebrex, but I do not know what else. I don't even know if this is correct.
My Aunt is interested in two clinics in Mexico: Hoxsey; Clinica Carrillo in Mexicali, Mexico.
She is interested in the treatments in Mexico because she has a Mennonite neighbor who travels to Tijuana 1 or 2 times a year to the Clinica Carrillo for treatment of his allergies. Supposedly they treat RA and a whole slew of other things. She just wants to get some testimonials from people who have been there before she goes through the trouble. Unfortunately, the only testimonials to be found merely mention they were helped, but nothing more.
I am also chatting with some other nice ladies and gentlemen on two other sites, but I am conforted by the fact that I have actually received responses. You all seem like really nice people. I appreciate your any help you can give me or any comments you might have.


text:
Today is Day 1,110 of the Syria conflict.
It's been a long time since those combing the wire services for Syria photos have seen a happy image. The photos above and below show Spanish journalist Javier Espinosa greeting his son. Espinosa and freelance photographer Ricardo Garcia Vilanova were freed this weekend after six months of being held captive by Syrian extremist rebel group ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant). It is believed that ISIS holds another 40 or so hostages in the city of Raqaa, where the two Spanish journalists were being kept.
GlobalPost correspondent James Foley has been held captive in Syria for more than 16 months.
In other news, Syria has accused Turkey of sending foreign fighters across the border to fight government troops in Latakia. Never let it be said there is no irony in international relations: For years prior to the outbreak of the current conflict, politicians in Iraq were accusing Syria of doing the exact same thing to them — either failing to stop or actively abetting the flow of jihadists across the border from Syria into Iraq. There's a good, careful explanation of these claims in David Lesch's book Syria: The Fall of the House of Assad. It's worth noting that the Syrian government has never publicly said that they were involved in any of this. In any event, more on the Latakia fight, as well as a map showing some key battles in the governorate, is available here.
Further north — as in much further north: German authorities conducted raids in Berlin, Frankfurt, and Bonn on Monday, in each city arresting one person suspected of supporting Islamic extremists in Syria (a total of three arrests). Reports thus far are a little vague on what, exactly, these individuals stand accused of, but as this blog mentioned back on March 21, individuals' support for extremists in Syria is, in general, a bit of a concern in Europe right now. Reuters Canada had a good piece on the young French men actually heading off to fight in Syria, and their parents' efforts to stop them.
The conflict continues.
El Mundo correspondent Javier Espinosa is greeted by his son as he arrives at the military airbase in Torrejon de Ardoz, near Madrid. (Paco Campos/AFP/Getty Images)


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text:
Reuters Staff
1 Min Read
May 29 (Reuters) - ISCOOL ENTERTAINMENT SA:
* ICE PARTICIPATIONS LAUNCHES OFFER TO BUY SHARES IN CO IT DOES NOT ALREADY HOLD AT EUR 0.75 PER SHARE SOURCE TEXT FOR EIKON: FURTHER COMPANY COVERAGE: (Gdynia Newsroom:)
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text:
Joey Barton calls Neymar 'the Justin Bieber of Football' after poor show v Russia
It was another quiet night for Neymar on English soil as Brazil drew with Russia at Stamford Bridge, and it seems genuine doubts are beginning to surface as to his actual quality.
Twitter was rife with scorn for Neymar throughout the game, and one source in particular caught the attention.
Joey Barton and Neymar have previous.
After the Brazilian Boy Wonder's poor showing against England last month, Barton dismissed Neymar as a meer #showpony.
This time, however, the gloves were off.
Perhaps piqued at Neymar's perfect reply last time – that he didn't even know who Joey Barton was – the Brit Abroad wasn't holding back in his criticism of Barça-bound Neymar.
He tweeted: 'Neymar is the Justin Bieber of football. Brilliant on the olYou Tube. Cat piss in reality…"
Awaiting Neymar's reply….because he definitely knows who Joey Barton is now; albeit he probably still has no idea who he plays for.


text:
This week we worked on refining portions of the existing content on the developer center and have been working on getting some great new content published.
- Updates on How to Write a Windows Application with Hilo
- Internet Explorer 9 Beta Updates
- Windows Developer Center Updates
Hilo Updates
Hilo App 3 and Hilo Chapter 12 were released! The third app in the Hilo learning series has been released to the Hilo Code Gallery site and Hilo Chapter 12 has been released to the MSDN library. The latest application and chapter show you how to integrate photo sharing with a Windows Native application. Feel free to ask the development team questions on the Hilo Twitter account or on the Code Gallery site.
Internet Explorer 9 Updates
There have been a few UI and experience changes that people asked about on Twitter for Windows Developers and I thought I would share the solutions here:
Before IE 9, you could pin applications to the taskbar by dragging the site icon to the taskbar. In IE 9, you need to drag a shortcut to the taskbar to pin sites. This can be done quickly by first bookmarking the site (CTRL+D), then opening your favorites (ALT+A), then dragging the site from your favorites to the task bar.
Speaking of the taskbar and IE 9, if you are a site developer, you can add jump lists to the taskbar for your site and let users quickly navigate using the taskbar which simplifies the Touch experience and integrates tightly with Windows.
IE 9 Developer Previews continue to be released and Preview 5 was just launched on the Internet Explorer preview (ietestdrive) site.
A final pro tip about IE 9: if your favorite site doesn't load (Hootsuite, for example) you can open up the developer tools by pressing F12 on your keyboard and can switch the browser mode to a previous version of the browser (IE 7 and later). For Hootsuite, IE8 settings seem to work.
Windows Developer Center Updates
In this section I'll go over a few content areas of the Window Developer Center that have been evolving recently:
- We have been working to get more experts active in the Windows Development Forums.
- We're continuing to evolve the Download the Windows SDK experience.
- The Windows Developer Application Gallery is going to have new showcased samples soon!
- We will be working on improving both the Browse by Resource Type content on the Windows Developer Center and will work hard to improve the Code Samples, How To's, and Video resources for developers.
See Also