text:
WOULD-be lockkeepers are being sought to control two locks in the Nantwich area.
The Canal and River Trust and ITV presenter Penny Smith are inviting people to take up the challenge to become a volunteer lock keeper this summer, working at some of Cheshire's most popular historic canal locks.
The initiative hopes to find volunteer controllers for Hurleston Locks and Bunbury Locks on the Shropshire Union Canal.
Ideal candidates will enjoy spending time outdoors while meeting people in their local community. Penny Smith, who is backing the campaign, said: "I am a huge fan of Britain's canals - they're fascinating and calming in equal measure. "As someone who is indoors a lot either in a studio at 6am when presenting my breakfast show on BBC London or working from home.
"I see the work of the volunteer lock keepers as a great excuse to get out into the fresh air, meet the locals, get fit and make new friends. You might fall in love, even if it's only with a heron!"
Interested parties should visit canalrivertrust.org.uk/volunteer


text:
Whole House Water Filter Replacements
Get improved taste and clarity from just about every faucet around the home with a new whole house water filter cartridge.
Below you'll find a variety of whole house water filter cartridges with a broad range of filter life's, flow rates, micron ratings, and filter medias. Therefore, no matter what type of whole house water filter system you have or what type of whole house water filter cartridge you're looking for, you'll find a water filter cartridge designed to fit both your needs and your system.
Choose from over 400+ OEM whole house water filter cartridges in stock, from some of the industry's top manufacturers, many of which are versatile and designed to fit into a variety of other whole house water filter systems. See all of our whole house water filter products.
For added protection and even cleaner, consider adding a reverse osmosis water filter system or a UV water purification system to your existing whole house water filter line.
W9120145 Doulton Replacement Candle Set (6-Pack)$106.00MSRP: $118.30 Save 10%
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W9220402 Doulton Slim Line Replacement Ceramic Filter$26.00MSRP: $34.55 Save 25%

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Listen to free music played by Roguedawg
Blip.fm is internet radio made social. It's easy to search for, play, and discover free music recommended by real people. Join today to create your own free station and start listening to @Roguedawg.
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text:
Most folks get their living by working night and day which nearly eats up them.
Why would one want a sound sleep?
No individual can live with any proper sleep although it has been scientifically proven that any man could endure over several days without food. They could only bare a certain limit. This makes the slumber more and more significant than every other day now task of a person.
For the best accessory possible one should go for this important activity of an individual. The most preferred area of rescue for any man after a long and tiresome day of hard work will be mattress. Every man the preference that is first and foremost when they reach their home is the mattress. For an accessory of ultimate relevance the best thing lies with the purchase of a high quality toxic memory foam mattress.
What is with us??
Such high quality sleepjunkie mattresses were challenging to locate few years back, but as of now with the Macy's mattress are here to the saving.
Although buying a mattress is just not going to a big deal but purchasing a mattress of superior relaxation is found just with companies and certain brands. Macy's mattress is such well known and branded mattress throughout the world. They're known for their high quality stuffing with appropriate airing to make matters more like a house, as the mattress is the area where you could get the feeling of a home sweet home. Therefore the mattress is the one spot where individuals generally won't spare.
– For this kind of prominence and superior importance you need to be wise enough in deciding on the best brand. With such comparison, our light waited mattresses will stand taller than some other form of mattress.
– The mattresses will speak for themselves by all means and the customers can feel free for making a visit the showroom and you are going to get satisfied by all means to our place that's at your reach. For overview that is arbitrary you'll be able to log on to our sites right from where you are only a click away. Our mattress will attract you the very moment they are viewed by you at our portal.
The added appeal of the Macy's mattress is the access to your want at your budget's mattresses can be obtained. They're now made accessible at your reach at an even more affordable rate than before as it Labor day
For online buyers' wellbeing, there are many offers available in web. Finest chance to purchase these from the great chain of departmental shop. Excellent quality product ultimately with the price tag that you have dreamed about. Go for it without delay and grab them as much as possible.


text:
With Valentine's Day is less than a week away, love is in the air, junkies. Whether ya love it or hate it, whether you're going to spend it with your boo or with your squad, we've all got love, or at least lust, on the brain. We asked our DC fam to dish on their best dates, their fave pickup lines and how they met their special someones.
"I met my boyfriend Jon on OK Cupid. I feel like that's uncool to admit but here I am, just being me! We exchanged a few short messages, and I thought he was pretty lame but noticed that he mentioned interest in the business. So I gave him the benefit of the doubt, but I was sure he didn't have a sense of humor. It was 10 p.m. by the time we met up for our date. It was a Tuesday. We smoked pot, went to a meatball shop, and had sex on our first date. I'm pretty sure you're not supposed to do any of those things on a first date, but we really just had a blast. And 10 months later, we're still having a blast every single day."
"Best date? Two words: su-shi."
"The best pickup line I've heard was, 'If I owned a magazine, you would be on the cover.' Of course it was in reference to my mama since she is fierce AF."
"I met my fiancé (as of one week ago) in 2010 at a coffeehouse in the town where we went to college. I asked him if he wanted to come to a party with me. He said yes! Six years later, he proposed in the exact same place we met. I said yes!"
"I have a very sexy boyfriend who I met on Tinder. Hey, sometimes it works!"
"Best pick up line: I was with a girlfriend in Vegas, very content with playing penny slots and drinking complimentary, cheap champagne from the waitresses at the casino. Two dudes came up to us and offered to buy us Dom Perignon. We tried to turn them down, and one of the guys said, 'Are you turning down a $100 glass of champagne?' So we took them up on it, enjoyed the hell outta that champagne, and went on with our night playing penny slots without them."
"The best date I've been on has to be when the girl I was talking to in college came down to visit campus during my dance crew's showcase weekend. I was running the crew so I barely had time to breath and had no idea she was coming down that weekend, so she surprised me with dinner and movies when I got back to the apartment that evening. Simple, thoughtful things always win."
"The best pickup line came as I was DJing a party at my college. I had a girl call me down from the stage, put real money in my shirt, say ,'This is only for the hotties,' and then 'Shhhh' me while slinking back into the crowd. We had a fun date the next day."


text:
James Downey: Anglo-Irish relations shall no longer dominate future
QUEEN Elizabeth's visit to Ireland did not inaugurate a new era in Anglo-Irish relations. It confirmed that the new era has been in existence for several years, although I for one would not venture an exact date.
The queen epitomises, and clearly to a large extent shares, the attitudes of the English establishment and the English people as a whole.
I write "English" deliberately, not "British". The English, in recent history anyway, have refused to regard the Irish as foreigners. They see us as much like themselves, albeit with our own odd quirks, more so than the Scots or even the Welsh.


text:
But just like everything else we do – we won't stop there! MetroPCS is turning up the heat on the competition yet again… We're kicking off July with a one-two combo for families:
- Get up to $60 off any smartphone when you bring your number. That means you can get one of 9 different smartphones, like the Samsung On5, for example -- for FREE (you just pay the sales tax). There's never been a better time to make the switch.
- Add a line to your family plan for just $25 a month. You'll get 5GB of LTE data a month when you already have a plan with the same or more data – that's HALF OFF the regular price.
These guys should just tap out already. Because more people than ever are gonna be hearing about MetroPCS this week. We've teamed up with UFC fighters Ronda Rousey, Paige VanZant, and Anthony Pettis in some kick-ass new MetroPCS spots, debuting on Fox during The Ultimate Fighter finale this Friday, July 8th.
But, you can get a sneak peek of our first spot with Ronda right now! Check it out.
Win or lose, I know these fighters won't stop! And, I promise you this – neither will we!


text:
In November 2013, Queer Radio was chosen by an independent panel of judges to win the CAN Awards 2013 Media Award. The Community Action Network Awards were first introduced in 1997 to recognize achievement that is positive and makes a difference in the inner city areas of Brisbane. Coordinated by the New Farm Neighbourhood Centre, the award citation reads "For excellence in journalism/social media which promotes the social inclusion and equality for all".
Nickel workers compensated after factory closure and more 8AM Zedlines
Toowoomba house fire claims life
A southern Queensland man has died in a house fire overnight.
Emergency services were called to a Dalby residence, north-west of Toowoomba, late last night.
The body of the man was found after firefighters had extinguished the blaze.
Investigations into the cause of the fire are ongoing.
Nickel workers compensated after factory shut-down
The Federal Government is offering $500,000 to help former Queensland Nickel workers.
Mining giant Clive Palmer's refinery went into voluntary administration on Monday, three days after 237 employees were sacked.
Ministers say the funds are intended for "career transitioning assistance", with redundant workers set to receive immediate support from the package.
Mr Palmer's company had previously applied for government assistance, but had been denied.
Toxicity of Australian honeys 'exaggerated'
Australian honeys are the most contaminated in the world, according to international researchers.
All but five Australian honeys tested contained more natural poisons and contaminants than would be considered safe by the European Food Safety Authority.
The Australian Honeybee Industry Association says the report exaggerates the likelihood of toxicity by assuming greater honey consumption and lower body weight than is normal in Australia.
Australia's largest solar farms completed
The largest solar plants in Australia have been completed in western NSW.
Providing power to more than 50,000 homes, the two plants have more than two million solar panels and cover a space of around 800 football fields.
NSW Energy Minister Anthony Roberts says the plants will provide local communities with affordable and sustainable energy for many years.
Eight other NSW solar farm projects are now seeking funding assistance.
20 dead after militant attack
At least 20 people are dead after an organised shooting in northwest Pakistan.
Armed militants attacked Bacha Khan University on Wednesday morning, opening fire on students and teachers in classrooms and hostels.
Officials say the death toll could rise to as high as 40.
While the army says it has cleared the area, with the four gunman reportedly dead, commentators are warning the act shows militants are still active, despite a country-wide anti-terrorism crackdown.
Refugees reunited with UK family
A British court has ruled that four refugees should be allowed to leave their French camp and reunite with family members.
Three children and a dependent adult have been given a unanimous ruling, permitting them to leave the Jungle migrant camp in Calais, France, to re-join with family in the UK.
The case could have widespread implications, with around 200 other identified Jungle camp migrants having immediate relatives in the UK.
While the full judgement will be handed down next week, the four applicants are allowed to depart for the UK immediately.


text:
VideoHive Unfocused Bokeh of Tree Leafs Green Background 5991346
Stock Footage \ Nature
Background \ TextureUnfocused \ Sparkling \ Circles \ Christmas \ Bright
Stock Footage - Unfocused Bokeh of Tree Leafs Green Background 5991346 by drgost_ @ VideoHive
Stock Footage \ Nature
Unfocused bokeh of tree leafs, green background.
Alpha Channel: No; Looped Video: No; Frame Rate: 23.98; Resolution: 1920x1080; Video Encoding: Photo JPEG; File Size: 102mb; Total Clip(s) Length: 0:18.
Lake in the Thick Forest; River in the Forest; Wooden Bridge in the Forest; Bridge through the River in the Forest; Broken Bridge on the Lake; Mountains Sunset-Sunrise (7-Pack); Magic Present (Image-Photo-Video Album Gallery).
Keywords: abstract, background, blurred, bright, christmas, circles, colorful, focus, forest, glow, green, light, shiny, sparkling, texture.


text: Hiya, everyone! I'm Jessie, recovering CrackBerry head, and supergiddyexcitedproud new owner of the Droid Incredible. It came yesterday, though I've been religiously reading your forums for about two weeks now! You have no idea how helpful you all have been in helping me determine exactly which Droid to get and you have also helped me keep sane while I waited for my Incredible to arrive. I was one of the ones that New Every Two'd recently, snagged the Curve 8530, got it, then saw the Incredible. Well, that Curve went right back to Verizon and I finally got my NET credit put back on my account on April 29. I about cried when I saw they were out of the Incredibles until May 4th, but went ahead and ordered anyway. Glad I did; the little beauty came the very next day, much to my happy surprise! I am looking forward to gettin' to know ya all! Have a good one! Jess


text:
How to Silence your Noisy Computer: Computers are build with lot of parts, they can easily attract dust. Dust make your computer slow and very noisy. So where the noise come from? Actually much of the noise your PC produces comes from the fans.
Like other electronics devices PC heats up when in use. Processors, motherboards and graphic cards get hotter when they work. Working continually can make noise in some cases. In order to work properly and reduce heat a perfect cooling system is required. Improving your cooling system means reducing the work load on your fans. If your system is water cooled you can keep only one fan to work.
Try to noisy computer fan fix Or upgrade your fans depending on your PC case. Before buying fans take a look noise level in the package of fans. Buy lowest noise level quite pc fan (dB) promising fan. You can control the speed of fans using Fan controllers. It is a computer peripheral you need to buy additionally. If possible, it's always a good idea to power them off of motherboard system fan plugs. Sometimes fans vibrate along with PC case. It causes because the gap between the PC and fan. You can solve this problem using rubber or silicone fasteners instead of metal screws.
Clean system regularly with soft brush. The dust in the vent can cause the noise. Simply clean each and every part of computer regularly.(2-3 Months). Use dust filters to prevent the dust. Graphic cards also make some noise. Low priced graphic cards some with small fans ,Fans on graphics cards spin at very high speeds and are really loud when they become dirty. Clean the graphic card using blower to remove dust.


text:
I recently started getting a lot of traffic to my profile page from lifehacker.com, all coming from Moscow, Russia. I went to the site but haven't been able to find the source. Has anyone else seen this happen, or can someone give me some more insight as to why this is happening?
Yes, it's a major problem for many sites. If you rely on Google Analytics for stats, you can block those visits with a filter under Admin / View / Filter.
https://support.google.com/analytics/an … 3162?hl=en
You also should know that our Russian friends are driving spam traffic via links they post on Reddit and elsewhere. So some of the traffic may be coming from more sites than the fake lifehacker.com.
Good question and, my thoughts exactly-BibiLuzarraga.
Yeah. I also received a lot of fake traffic from this site. As far as I can tell it is referrer spam. Don't visit the site. That's what they are counting on. It is not the real lifehacker.com. Notice that the letter "k" in lifehacker has been changed and looks different from the normal "k". You can either ignore it or try to filter it but don't visit that site. That's their main goal.
I've been receiving traffic from this fake site as well, to some of my own websites. What Charles said is correct - if you look closely, the letters are actually special characters.
Oh yes! I see the city of Samara constantly in my analytics. It ticks me off because my hubscore and traffic have dropped since they've been there!
I figured out how to block it (and another site.) I posted it as a question and it wouldn't let me answer my own question, so I had my sister answer it:
http://hubpages.com/technology/answer/2 … erral-spam
by Glimmer Twin Fan4 years ago
I have seen many hubs with full size photos at the beginning that have wording on them which is almost always the title of the hub. I have tried it on some of my hubs as well. Do you think these types of...
by Audrey Selig4 years ago
When I first signed up with GA I used hubpages.com Later I added my subdomain address. However, my account is set up with property name hubpages.com and default URL my subdomain. I believe this is incorrect. Thus...
by jaysonjaymes2 years ago
I want to make $50000 a month on hubpages, how do I do this.
by Cindy Lawson4 years ago
When I just tried to go to the Hubpages site (whilst logged out) I got a big warning box stating something about this site's security certificate and recommending I didn't enter the site and stating it could be another...
by Sally Gulbrandsen2 years ago
I am seeing a site called buttons for website dot com on my stats pages - is anyone else seeing this and should I be concerned? Is this not a spam site?
by Ralph Deeds7 years ago
The foreign policy establishment, for the most part including the New York Times editorial page, has called our military activities in Afghanistan a "necessary war," in contrast to our invasion of Iraq....
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Other product and company names shown may be trademarks of their respective owners.
HubPages® is a registered Service Mark of HubPages, Inc.
HubPages and Hubbers (authors) may earn revenue on this page based on affiliate relationships and advertisements with partners including Amazon, Google, and others.
terms of use privacy policy (0.48 sec)


text:
BitDefender Total Security 2009 Review and Ratings
This site may earn affiliate commissions from the links on this page. Terms of use.
Our Verdict: The new features, improvements, and refinements in BitDefender Total Security 2009 have helped improve one of the best security packages you can buy. Read More…
- What We Liked…
- Excellent range of security tools
- Extensive options
- Fast virus scans
- Well-organized main screen
- Strong help system
- Free phone support
- What We Didn't…
- Security Center provides little information
- No context-sensitive help
- Installation may cause repeated compatibility complaints to pop up
- Periodic slowdowns
BitDefender Total Security 2009 Review
By December 9, 2008reviewed
When we tested BitDefender Total Security 2008, we were very satisfied with its contents but disappointed by its poor hard drive utilities, barren interface, and lack of context-sensitive help. With BitDefender Total Security 2009, most of the negatives remain unchanged, but the company has increased the positives with a few excellent new features.
Installing Total Security 2009 took less effort than most security packages we've tried, with the install and update routines finishing in less than 5 minutes. The program didn't pitch fits at the presence of other security apps but simply issued a general warning that some could cause severe conflicts. Its Configuration Wizard let us make some informed choices before running the program, such as what general level of security to apply and whether the basic or advanced program view should be used as a default. We do have one caveat: The 32-bit XP version (it also comes in 64-bit XP and Vista flavors; we tested both XP packages) caused Windows to display eight pop-ups in a row during installation about Total Security 2009 being an unsigned, unverified XP program, with potential stability problems. This happened with the 2008 edition as well, but we couldn't reproduce the error on another machine running XP. Nor did any subsequent issues arise as a result.
The main screen, known as the Security Center, is a bit less austere than in the past. Most security categories listed on the left (general, antivirus, antispam, and so on.) have tabs for secondary areas of concentration; the firewall, for instance, has Settings, Network, Rules, and Activity. Hovering the mouse over any selection brings up a line of description down at the bottom of the screen. But both the Basic View and the Dashboard in the Advanced view, meant to show "meaningful product statistics," remain inadequate. The latter in particular has little to offer. Aside from scanned, infected, and disinfected files, last and next scan date, registration info, and real-time monitors of file and network activity, there's nothing—no list of individual module status (active/inactive, custom level, and so forth), and the two monitors are only generic, unlabeled bar graphs.
We continue to be very impressed with the depth and breadth of BitDefender's security measures. For example, the firewall builds a whitelist containing your currently installed applications, saving you from having to approve each application's network communications the next time you launch it. In case you think that's dangerous, you can set the firewall's default action slide bar to Report, consulting you whenever a traffic attempt doesn't match your rules. Similar automated scanning is deployed on all plug-in devices in real time, a new feature in the 2009 version. Antivirus remains excellent, and the antispam module continues to use Bayesian filters in addition to whitelists and blacklists. Used in conjunction with an e-mail reader that contains heuristics filters—such as PocoMail—you can be virtually spam-free in a relatively short time.
Also new to Total Security 2009 are file vaults. Like those in Steganos Safe, these vaults are actually password-protected files residing on physical drives and are virtually unbreakable. Welcome, too, is instant-messaging encryption. There are also some improvements in the accuracy of information presented on the Security Center. For example, where Parental Control previously listed its status as "protected" despite being inactive, it now properly displays a red "disabled" label.
One negative we didn't encounter in the 2008 version: significant slowdowns while the software is engaging in background activities. Although the RAM footprint is much lighter and virus scans much quicker than before, real-time scans of files being moved or loaded into memory can put a drag on your system. We found this was true even when operating under the new Game Mode, which supposedly resets real-time protection to Permissive and the firewall to Allow All, along with disabling all pop-ups.
BitDefender continues to supplement its security tools with an uneven group of hard disk utilities. Only the Registry Cleaner and Duplicate Finder are of decent value, while PC Defragmenter links out to Windows' own primitive defragmenter but makes it still worse by insisting on analyzing all your physical drives at once—even if you only want to defragment one of them.
There's still no context-sensitive help, though each of the program categories and their individual settings from the main screen supplies a line of descriptive text. The help system itself is very thorough, however. There's also a new phone support line that's toll-free, replacing the toll calls to Europe that dogged earlier BitDefender versions.
In short, BitDefender has continued to improve its product in ways both obvious and subtle. Total Security 2009 is among the leading personal security packages on the market and one of the best we've tested.
BitDefender Total Security 2009
Our Verdict: The new features, improvements, and refinements in BitDefender Total Security 2009 have helped improve one of the best security packages you can buy.
ComputerShopper may earn affiliate commissions from shopping links included on this page. To find out more, read our complete Terms of Service.
Related Reading
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Windows XP (SP2), Vista (SP1), Windows Home Server
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from $395.52


text:
Only 3 Spots - Intro to Starting a Goat Dairy
Register TODAY if you're interested in RAFFL's next summer workshop, Introduction to Starting a Commercial Goat Dairy. There are only 3 spots left! What: Intro to Starting a Commercial Goat Dairy When: Saturday, August 6 from 9:30am - 3pm Where: Consider Bardwell Farm 1333 Rt 153 West Pawlet, VT Fee: $25 for NOFA-VT members and VSGA members; $40 for non-members. Lunch included. Pre-registration is required to attend this workshop. Call 802-434-4122. Please bring clean, washable footwear. Plastic booties will be provided.
Join RAFFL and NOFA-VT for our next summer workshop, Introduction to Starting a Commercial Goat Dairy. Former Vermont Small Ruminant Dairy specialist, Carol Delaney will present how to create the foundation and set goals for working with dairy goats. Selecting goats, costs, housing, feeding, milking, and marketing will be covered including the decision for selling fluid milk or making cheese. A tour of a commercial farm and lunch with the farmer will offer a time to experience a real situation and to get any questions answered.
300-acre Consider Bardwell Farm was the first cheese-making co-op in Vermont, founded in 1864. A century later, Angela Miller (among others) is revitalizing the tradition with goat milk from a herd of 100 Oberhaslis. Click here for a map to the farm.
This workshop is a part of RAFFL's Summer Workshop series. For more info, contact Kris at email@example.com. Co-sponsored by the Vermont Sheep and Goat Association (VSGA) and NOFA-VT.


text:
'Everything just stopped' Tragic Brit girl, 21, killed in Turkey holiday quad bike horror
A TRAGIC young businesswoman has been killed in a freak quad bike accident in Turkey.
Amarna Carthy was on a dream holiday in Turkey when she plunged into a ditch while riding with cousin Jakadi Clarke.
The Brit, 21, died instantly in the crash, which happened just two days before she was due to fly home.
She is thought to have been weaing a helmet at the time, but died from severe head injuries sustained in Fethiye.
Amarna, from Gedling, Nottingham, is thought to have careered down a steep verge after pulling on to what appeared to be a hard shoulder to let drivers past.
Jakadi, also 21, was rushed to hospital with a fractured pelvis.
The family, who are Jehovah's witnesses, hope Tashaka can fly home with Amarna's body on Monday.
Mark Carny and Tashaka Baumber, her devastated parents, flew out on Wednesday after hearing the news.
Mum-of-four Tashaka said: "Her friend rang me and said 'she's gone'.
"I thought she had been kidnapped and then he told me that she had died.
"Time, everything – it all just stopped. It was just unbelievable to hear those words in the same sentence as my daughter's name."
The singer added: ''I went to see her body for the first time on Wednesday.
"It was the most awful thing but I knew I'd regret it if l didn't say one final goodbye.
"Time, everything – it all just stopped"Mum Tashaka Baumber
"My only fear is that her young twin sisters will forget her.
"She was like a second mum to them and we're going to do everything we can to help them remember her."
Armana lived in Turkey for six months when she was 13, where she worked as a wedding planner.
Tashaka said: "She had wanted the entire family to go out there, but I never thought it would be under these circumstances.
"She knew all of the locals and they are coming up to me in the street and saying it feels like they have lost a sister.
"Nothing will make this better but it helps knowing how well-loved she is.
"I know she is my daughter and I'm going to be biased but some people are just that little bit different and special.
"She was kind-hearted and friendly. She was so strong and I'd like to think her strength is going to live on through us."
Amarna leaves behind four sisters – Kyanne, 12, lvladison, six, and two-year-old twins Ada and Lylah – and had just set up a health business with her mum before the trip.
They were driving behind two lorries when cars became agitated at them because they were driving at 25mph, so they pulled over.
Step-dad Craig Baumber, 33, said: "As far as we know, they pulled into the country's equivalent of the hard shoulder to let the cars pass but they ended up running out of road and going 'down a verge."
The family have set-up fundraising page on JustGiving for Armana's funeral, to fly her body home and to pay for Jakadi's safe travel back to the UK.


text: Hi, I'm new to XDA. I hope you will guide me along here. I am using a Cherry Mobile Flare S100 (a.k.a. Karbon A9+) with a custom ROM and has Lidroid Toggles. I was just wondering, is there any way to add more toggles (*like Recent Apps, app shortcuts, etc) in Lidroid? If yes, can anyone kindly point me to a guide or teach me how? I would be happy to learn.. :]


text:
Released : 08 Feb 2017 07:01
8 February 2017
This announcement contains inside information within the purposes of article 7 of the EU Market Abuse Regulation 596/2014
Sophos Group plc
("Sophos", or the "Company")
Acquisition of Invincea
Sophos (LSE: SOPH), a leading provider of cloud-enabled enduser and network security solutions, today announces that is has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire the commercial software products business of Invincea, Inc., ("Invincea") a leading developer of patented advanced next-generation malware protection, from its existing shareholders for $100 million plus a $20 million earn-out (the "Acquisition").
Headquartered in Fairfax, Virginia, with approximately 100 employees, Invincea has been consistently ranked as among the best performing machine learning, signatureless next-generation endpoint technologies in third-party testing, rated highly both for high detection and low false-positive rates. Invincea has a strong presence in the US, particularly in the government, healthcare and financial services sectors. The Invincea endpoint security portfolio prevents, detects and remediates zero-day and sophisticated attacks, and combines neural-network based machine learning and behavioral monitoring to enhance detection through artificial intelligence and stop evasive malware before damage occurs.
The Acquisition of Invincea extends and consolidates Sophos' lead in the rapidly growing next-generation endpoint market, which many industry analysts expect to materially enhance both the size and growth rate of the overall endpoint market. Sophos has already seen significant success with Intercept X, an industry-leading next-generation endpoint solution, built on a combination of existing Sophos technology and technology integrated through the acquisition of SurfRight in December 2015. Using the same approach, Sophos expects to rapidly integrate Invincea into the Sophos Central endpoint product line, with the first Sophos products incorporating Invincea's machine learning technology expected to be available and sold via our global channel of over 26,000 partners in 2017, bringing immediate value to customers. Invincea, which recorded billings of $13.4 million in the twelve months to 31 March 2016, represents a significant growth opportunity for Sophos.
Under the terms of the agreement Sophos will pay $100 million in cash immediately on closing (subject to adjustment for net working capital and other customary adjustments) plus up to $20 million in contingent consideration pursuant to a billings-based earn-out linked to growth achieved during the first year of ownership. Invincea Labs, a division of Invincea that has been separately managed and operated since 2010, will be demerged prior to the Acquisition and does not form part of this transaction. The Acquisition will be funded through cash resources and an extension of existing credit facilities.
Subject to regulatory approval, Sophos expects to complete the Acquisition around the end of the current fiscal year. Sophos will retain the company's office in Fairfax. Invincea CEO Anup Ghosh will join Sophos as an executive member of the senior management team.
Sophos Chief Executive Officer, Kris Hagerman, commented:
"By adding Invincea to our portfolio, Sophos is executing on its vision to assemble the most powerful technologies to provide the very best, cutting-edge defenses for our customers. Invincea is leading the market in machine learning-based threat detection with the combination of superior detection rates and minimal false positives. Invincea will strengthen Sophos' leading next-gen endpoint protection with complementary predictive defenses that we believe will become increasingly important to the future of endpoint protection and allow us to take full advantage of this significant new growth opportunity. We are proud to welcome the Invincea team to Sophos and look forward to introducing the benefits of this advanced technology to our customers and partners worldwide."
Additional information
The value of the gross assets of Invincea as at 31 March 2016 was $15.7 million. In the twelve months to 31 March 2016, Invincea recorded billings of $13.4 million, revenue of $9.8 million and a loss before tax of $11.8 million. The acquisition is expected to be broadly neutral to Cash EBITDA in its first full year of ownership and additive thereafter.
The information contained within this announcement is deemed by the Company to constitute inside information as stipulated under the Market Abuse Regulations (EU) No.596/2014 ("MAR"). Upon the publication of this announcement via a Regulatory Information Service, this inside information is now considered to be in the public domain.
Forward-looking statements:
This announcement includes statements that are, or may be deemed to be, "forward-looking statements". By their nature, forward-looking statements involve risk and uncertainty since they relate to future events and circumstances. Actual results may, and often do, differ materially from any forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statements in this announcement reflect management's view with respect to future events as at the date of this announcement. Save as required by law or by the Listing Rules of the UK Listing Authority, the Company undertakes no obligation to publicly revise any forward-looking statements in this announcement following any change in its expectations or to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this announcement.
About Sophos:
More than 100 million users in 150 countries rely on Sophos' complete security solutions as the best protection against complex threats and data loss. Simple to deploy, manage and use, Sophos' award-winning encryption, endpoint security, Web, email, mobile and network security solutions are backed by SophosLabs - a global network of threat intelligence centers. Sophos is headquartered in Oxford, UK, and is publicly traded on the London Stock Exchange under the symbol "SOPH." More information is available at www.sophos.com.
About Invincea:
Founded in 2009, Invincea has built one of the strongest and most effective next-generation endpoint technologies on the market, with advanced neural network based machine learning algorithms that protect endpoints without affecting performance. The existing stockholders of Invincea include: Grotech Ventures, NAV, Harbert Management Corporation, Aeris Capital AG, ORIX Growth Capital, as well as other individuals. www.invincea.com.
+44 (0) 1235 559 933
Kris Hagerman, Chief Executive Officer
Nick Bray, Chief Financial Officer
Derek Brown, VP Investor Relations
Brunswick Group
+44 (0) 20 7404 5959
Conference call and webcast
Sophos management will host a conference call and audio-webcast, for registered participants, at 09:30 (GMT) today. A replay of the audio-webcast will be also accessible via the Sophos investor website following the presentation.
To register for the webcast and access the presentation materials please visit:
Conference calls dial in details:
Conference call confirmation code: 3757905
Participants are advised to visit the website at least 15 minutes prior to the commencement of the call in order to register and, for those accessing the webcast, in order to download and install any audio software that may be required.
NB: Conference call participants will be able to ask questions during the Q&A session, but those on the webcast will be in a listen-only mode.


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Lenten message from Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
"We are witnessing a renewed involvement of the international community. We thank God for this. We ask him to strengthen the leaders in their new visions" the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem, Michel Sabbah has said in his message for Lent 2005. The Patriarch spoke of the war in the Holy Land, while recalling that there are situations of suffering in other parts of the world. He said: "At the present time, Lent puts us in communion before God with the victims of the earthquakes and the tsunamis that have recently taken place on the two continents of Asia and Africa. It puts us in communion with the victims of incurable diseases. It puts us in communion with the victims of the injustices imposed by human beings on their brothers and sisters in the name of national interest, or in the name of pure violence as the only road to peace." The Patriarch added: "Fasting is also needed in politics, a fasting that allows those who hold power to purify their intentions and their individual or national egoism, a fasting that allows these leaders to see and understand not only that they are mandated to serve and save but also that all human beings, in all nations, are also created and loved by God. They are not divided into two camps, the good and the bad, the strong and the weak. All have received their dignity from God, and all are called to enjoy the same freedom and the same security." Source: Fides


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Circle of Power Ceremony is a Teaching and empowering participatory experience of Aligning Ourselves with the Universe within & without
We work with spiritual healing, timeless principles of ceremony, integrity, heart-centered engagement, cosmic energies, shamanic insights-healing, drumming, sound healing, universal earth-spirit ways, working together for the benefit of all, energy work.
For modern world participants, working together in circle using drum vibration and time-honored principles can open pathways to connecting with your own ancestral roots.
The stone spoked wheel is not used in today's tribal ceremonies. But since the 1980's, many people have received guidance to create stone circles known as "medicine wheels" as a way for people to do ceremony in nature.
Auspicious times for ceremony are indicated in the chart below. Circle of Power ceremony is part of special programs for the solstice and equinox turning points of the year, but is available year round such as for full and new moons, special occasions.
Working with Intention to Create Positive Change
Create sacred space, invoke powerful cosmic energies for new beginning. Timeless principles, honoring ways to work with intention, ceremony, energy based on 30 years experience. You bring your focused energy to the circle as tribal peoples have done through time. You learn to drum in ceremonial context, which most people discover is joyful and an innate skill.
In this focused, reverent, powerful experience we learn and practice ancient, cross-cultural ways for working with spiritual energies and intention. Within our circle, we create a magnetic attraction which concentrates and consecrates the energies for the highest benefit of each participant and Mother Earth.
In this flow of energy, vibratory shift occurs. You may choose to be wrapped like a papoose to receive drum, earth and human energies & healing assistance from Spirit. Sandra senses the energies and Helper Spirits that are working with you and works to assist this process on your behalf.
Each circle is personalized to the participants, season and celestial events.
Sandra works with spirit to hold the space and provide shamanic insights/energy work. Each participant is invited to bring the power of their focus and intention to the ceremony and to practice energy work by flowing universal love through your being to the one(s) in the center of the circle.
Ceremony is the conscious use of symbols by humans combined with action. In this physical enactment, the symbol comes to life, movement is activated or acknowledged. The intangible becomes real, something we are part of. Participants have a direct experience of working together with the power of circle and shared intention. Positive, uplifting energies flow that help us recalibrate, create positive shifts that then carries forward into our life.
Includes advice on making your own wheel using honoring ways and discussion of aligning it to the true cardinal directions where you live.
Studio sessions include sound healing with gong, Himalayan metals and more time for inner preparation work including shamanic insight journey:
$100 pp with 3 – 4 people, 3 hrs
($125 pp with 2, 2.5 hrs. $175 for 1, 2 hrs)
Ceremonies out on the land, 5 – 6 or more people, 4 hrs: $125 pp
Can arrange for a talented Sedona healer or Native guest (when available) to be part of the circle for group gatherings which enriches the spiritual experience for all.
The wheel workshop/ceremonies are available year round and can be a private or any-size group healing/learning experience or Mystical Nature Shamanic Journey seminar.
A less complex Ceremony
can be created for your Sedona Visit or added to a vortex tour or mystical nature journey or as a stand alone experience.
2-day Advanced Medicine Wheel Training can be arranged. Depending on group size/budget, it could include participation of a Native person to bring in their traditional perspective on giving your whole self to the ceremony you are doing.
"Everything the Power of the World does is done in a circle. The sky is round and I have heard that the earth is round like a ball and so are all the stars. The wind, in its greatest power, whirls. Birds make their nests in circles, for theirs is the same religion as ours. The sun comes forth and goes down again in a circle. The moon does the same and both are round. Even the seasons form a great circle in their changing and always come back again to where they were. The life of a man is a circle from childhood to childhood. And so it is in everything where power moves."
Black Elk, Ogalala Sioux
"Aho, my name is David Singing Bear, Bear Who Sings, Singing Bear, Northern Cheyenne.
There's a medicine wheel on my reservation is in northern British Columbia, in Squallix. It's the oldest medicine wheel we know of in North America. This medicine wheel dates back thousands of years. The medicine wheel was there before the people that we know of now.
The medicine wheel represents the people and the universe. This medicine wheel is a reminder to the people to always live the way of the hoop, the way of the circle, the way of the people, the way of life.
It was put down in a remembrance to remind people always that life is a circle that the universe is a circle, that what goes around, comes around and what we put out comes back to us.
It is there to remind us to always be in balance and harmony with nature. It is there to remind us to find our place, our purpose in the universe and live this and then we are a whole person.
This medicine wheel has been used for thousands of years in these ways."
Circle of Power Ceremony inspired a Down-Under wheel:
"I experienced a Drum Healing Ceremony conducted by Sandra Cosentino. It had a profound effect on me, and Sandra saw the integration of my Higher Self into my Self, in a beautiful, peaceful garden – and described my 'secret garden' that I go to in meditation!"
Then upon her return to Australia, she was inspired to make her own wheel in her garden drawing on the core principles we had worked with in Sedona. But she tuned in to the symbols and medicine animals that were right for her 4 Directions and her location on the planet.
"When I meditate by my Medicine Wheel I feel empowered and at peace, close to nature and part of it. It is far from its historical, cultural home, yet has such personal meanings here in the southern hemisphere. " Shirley Syndenham, Melbourne Australia (spring, 2013)
2017 Auspicious Celestial or Cultural Times for Ceremonies
When ceremony is held with a group with shared intent on celestially auspicious events–full moon, new moon, seasonal turning points: equinox, solstice, cross-quarter days half way in between–or on holidays,meteor showers, eclipses, the energies are magnified.
Programs can be scheduled any time of the year and any time of the day or night.
- Jan. 28 New Moon
- Jan. 16 Martin Luther King Holiday
- Jan. 12 Full Moon
- Jan. 1 New Year Day
- January 3, 4 – Quadrantids Meteor Shower. The Quadrantids is an above average shower, with up to 40 meteors per hour at its peak. It peaks night of the 3rd and morning of the 4th. Best viewing will be from a dark location after midnight. Meteors will radiate from the constellation Bootes, but can appear anywhere in the sky.
- Feb. 3 Imbolc (Candlemas)–Celtic mid-winter cross-quarter day
- Feb. 10 Full Moon
- Feb. 11-12 Heart's Longing Valentines Day retreat & Full Moon
- Feb. 14 Valentine's Day
- Feb. 20 Presidents Day holiday
- Feb. 26 New Moon: Annular Solar Eclipse with a ring of light around the darkened Moon (not visible in US).
- Aug. 21 New Moon
- Aug 12-13 Persiod Meteor Shower peak (runs July 17 to August 24)
- Aug. 7 Lughnasadh – Celtic mid-summer festival celebrated the wedding of the Sun god Lugh to the Earth goddess, causing the ripening of crops.
- Aug. 7 Full Moon (partial lunar eclipse–not visible in US)
- June 23 New Moon
- June 20 Summer Solstice events
- June 20-27 Sedona Vision Quest Retreat
- June 19 Father's Day
- June 9 Full Moon
- May 4 – Beltane, Celtic Mid-Spring festival
- May 5-6 Eta Aquarids Meteor Shower-10 to 20 meteors per hour might be visible in a dark sky. (best before dawn on May 6)
- May 8 Mothers Day
- May 10 Full Moon
- May 25 New Moon
- May 30 Memorial Day weekend events
- July 4 Independence Day events
- July 9 Full Moon
- July 23 New Moon
- July 28, 29 – Delta Aquarids Meteor Shower,July 12 to August 23. The Delta Aquarids is an average shower that can produce up to 20 meteors per hour at its peak. It peaks the night of July 28 and morning of July 29.
- March 18-21 Spring Equinox Retreat
The few weeks around the March equinox is a time of year when bright meteors appear in greater numbers than usual.
March 27 New Moon
- March 20 Spring Equinox
- March 13 Daylight Savings for most of US, except Arizona (during the summer we are same time as the Pacific Coast)
- March 12 Full Moon
- April 11 Full Moon
- April 16 Easter
- April 22 Earth Day
- April 22 peak of Lyrid Meteor Shower Peak (Apr 16-25)–These meteors tend to be bright and often leave trails. About 10-20 meteors per hour at peak can be expected. But full moon will make them harder to see.*
- April 26 New Moon
- Sept. 22 Autumnal Equinox events
- Sept. 20 New moon
- Sept. 16 – 23 Sedona Vision Quest Retreat
- Sept. 6 Full Moon
- Sept. 4 Labor Day events
- Oct. 7 Draconid meteor shower, about 10 meteors per hour. Best viewing in early evening.
- Oct. 5 Full moon
- Oct. 14 Columbus Day Holiday
- Oct. 19 New moon
- Oct. 21-22 Hopi & Navajo fall fair cultural explorer journey
- Oct. 21-22 Orionids Meteor Shower (Oct. 2 – Nov. 7). Best viewing after midnight Oct. 21.
- Oct. 31 Hallowe'en.
- Nov. 4 Full Moon
- Nov. 4-5 South Taurid Meteor Shower: 5-10 meteors per hour but moon will obscure.
- Nov. 7 Celtic Samhain – mid-fall Celtic festival prepare for winter
- Nov. 11 Veteran's Day weekend events
- Nov. 12-13 North Taurid Meteor Shower
- Nov. 17-18 Leonid Meteor Shower Peak (10-15/hour; best closer to dawn)
- Nov. 18 – New Moon
- Nov. 23 Thanksgiving weekend events
- Dec. 3 Full moon–Supermoon
- Dec. 13-14 Geminid Meteor shower peak (runs Dec. 7-17). The Geminids is the king of the meteor showers producing up to 120 multicolored meteors per hour at its peak.
- Dec. 17 New Moon
- Dec. 21 Winter Solstice events
- Dec. 25 Christmas
- Dec. 30 – Jan 1: New Year's Eve Insight Retreat & special ceremonies


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Luxi For All
The light meter: a crucial instrument for photographers trying to capture that perfect shot. Unfortunately, they're also expensive, but as it turns out you've probably been carrying one in your pocket all along, albeit one that needs a little help. Luxi For All clips over your device's front-facing camera and adds a diffusion dome to the mix for negating reflectance, effectively transforming your Android/iOS smartphone or tablet into an accurate light meter using the accompanying app. Thanks to its clip-on design it works with virtually all existing devices, and since future models aren't bound to get thicker its future compatibility is basically guaranteed.
Find it at BiteMyApple – $30


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This rugged two-piece set protects the DNTLworks ProCart I when it is disassembled for transporting. The soft-sided case for the compressor/vacuum module is padded, while the other soft-sided case is convenient for carrying the three pieces of the cart.
©2001-2017. Avtec Dental. All Rights Reserved. All Images Protected. Call Toll Free: (888) 688-3855
All products and company names referenced within this website are registered trademarks of their respective owners.


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First Event and TCNE would like to send a GREAT BIG THANK YOU out to Dr. Toby Meltzer, M.D., for his continued support for First Event! We truly appreciate your helping to make First Event possible! Visit him at this link to say "THANKS" Toby R. Meltzer, MD, PC, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.
Dr. Toby Meltzer, M.D., Sponsors First Event 2016 Transgender Conference
This entry was posted in First Event News and tagged First Event 2016. Bookmark the permalink.


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Play music from your phone or speaker wirelessly up to 20m transmission distance with this Bluetooth Receiver in CD-quality sound. With build-in microphone, you can enjoy hands-free phone call for safe driving. And it supports wired connection as well, simply plug the attached 3.5mm audio jack into your speaker.
Ensures super clear and flowing hands-free phone call and music-playing with transmission distance up to 20 meters (free space).
Just connect the 3.5mm audio jack with your speaker or headphone, you can enjoy wireless music-playing in high-quality sound.
Achieve the hands-free talk, making sure easy call while driving and make your journey safer.
Long work time and low power consumption, easy to charge with the attached USB cable.
Compatible with almost Bluetooth-enabled smartphone, tablet PC and more.
3 function keys, a build-in microphone, a 3.5mm audio port, a mini USB charging port.
|Bluetooth Music Receiver
|Bluetooth Standard
|Transfer Rate
|Bluetooth, 3.5mm audio cable
|Power Supply
|Battery Type
|Li-ion battery (included)
|Transmission Distance
|20m (free space)
|Micro USB, 3.5mm audio jack
|Package Size
|20 x 10 x 5 cm
|Package Weight
|Package Contents
|1 x Bluetooth Audio Receiver, 1 x USB Cable, 1 x 3.5mm Audio Cable, 1 x User Manual
Use spaces to separate tags. Use single quotes (') for phrases.
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Zapals.com is an internationally renowned, global shopping website operated by the Zapals Corporation Limited Company.
Our offices are located in Australia, Hong Kong and Mainland China and our aim is to deliver one of the largest, most innovative online department stores in the world.
We've got an extensive range of high quality products at the lowest prices for our customers. Our shopping range is designed by experienced professionals in compliance with international standards, quality control, trends, demands, and policies.
Our ultimate goal is to be an innovative, one-stop, online destination for anything you can find in the home and anything that you'll need in your life!


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European markets lower on Italy fears
Nervous investors sent European shares lower yesterday, with just days left before a crunch vote on constitutional reform in Italy. If it's rejected, the Italian government could collapse and bank shares will almost certainly be hit. At the moment, it looks as if the reforms will be opposed.
Shares in Italian lenders declined on rising concerns about risks to their financial stability from the referendum, bringing an end to a three-week rally in European shares.
Banca Monte dei Paschi di Siena, the lender burdened by bad loans and under pressure to raise fresh money, tumbled as much as 17pc in early trading before paring declines.
UniCredit and Intesa Sanpaolo fell at least 2.1pc at the open, dragging the FTSE MIB Index to one of the worst performances in western-European markets. It closed down 1.8pc.
"It's a nervous market at a time when liquidity isn't great," said Kevin Lilley, a manager of euro-area equities at Old Mutual Global Investors in London.
In Ireland, the ISEQ Overall Index was 1.2pc lower, at 6,204.25.
It was also weighed down by financial stocks. Shares in AIB - still nearly 100pc-owned by the State - fell 6.5pc.
Shares in Permanent TSB were down 4.3pc at €2.51 and shares in Bank of Ireland declined 2.4pc to just over 20 cent.
Other significant fallers included CRH, which was 2.3pc lower at €31.20.
Troubled food group Aryzta was 1.1pc higher in Dublin at €39.43. It released a first-quarter update that Davy Stockbrokers said showed a "solid underlying performance" in Europe.
The UK's FTSE-100 was 0.6pc lower at the end of the session. Germany's DAX was down 1.1pc, and France's CAC-40 was 0.9pc lower.
Irish Independent


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4386 Mount Vernon Street, Chino CA, 91710 (Residential)
Sold Price:
3 beds , 3 Full baths
1,856 sqft
Status: Sold
Last Updated: 11/20/2017 1:19 AM
Description for 4386 Mount Vernon Street Chino, CA 91710
Nice 3 bedroom 3 bath house with fireplace and pool.
Sold Price:
Sold Date:08/29/2015
San Bernardino
3 Full
1,856 (approx)
Nice 3 bedroom 3 bath house with fireplace and pool.
Listing Information
Public Water Service
Sewer at Street
Room Information
Family Room, Living Room
First Floor Bedroom
Interior Features
Central Air
Living Room, Master Bedroom
Exterior / Lot Features
2 Garage Spaces, 2 Parking Spaces
Street Lights, Curbs Walk, Suburban
Financial Considerations
Listing Price History
Chino Real Estate
Chino is located in California. Chino, California 91710 has a population of 85,595.
The median household income in Chino, California 91710 is $72,554. The median household income for the surrounding county is $54,100 compared to the national median of $53,482. The median age of people living in Chino 91710 is 34.3 years.
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Audio Book Release: The Cavanaugh House by Elizabeth Meyette @efmeyette
Bethany-Kris Bragdon
Romance Plus Mystery Equals a Good Listen
Thanks for inviting me to your gorgeous blog, Bethany-Kris. I'm excited to share the news about an entirely new venture for me – an audiobook version of The Cavanaugh House. I have been a book "listener" for years, so to actually hear my characters speaking was amazing! My narrator, Amy McFadden, captured the tone of the book and the attitude of my protagonist, Jesse Graham, perfectly. While The Cavanaugh House doesn't follow the usual conventions of a romance novel because it is told entirely from Jesse's point of view, the romance between her and the hero Joe Riley is a main plot strand in the mystery. Thanks for letting me share the news with your readers.
The Cavanaugh House excerpt:
This house held secrets. Secrets that wafted through rotting window sashes on the winter wind. Secrets that spiders wove into webs anchored between the ceiling and walls. Secrets that scuttled on the feet of cockroaches across stained kitchen linoleum and scurried into its cracks. Secrets that peered from holes in the baseboard from glinting mouse eyes. This house held the secrets close to its bosom where they had slept for decades. No one had disturbed these secrets in all the years the house sat decaying from neglect. There was no reason to, and there was no desire.
The Cavanaugh House blurb:
When Jesse Graham unlocks the door to the deserted house she inherited from her Aunt Helen, she doesn't realize she's unlocking secrets that had lain dormant for years. Reeling from a broken engagement to acclaimed musician Robert Cronmiller, Jesse wants to leave the city where her name is linked to his in all the society pages. Her best friend Maggie, aka Sister Angelina, convinces her to take a job at a private girls' school in the pastoral Finger Lakes region of upstate New York. Anticipating a quiet, revitalizing life in her aunt's deserted house, Jesse is instead thrown into a maze of danger. Questions about her aunt's death lead Jesse to investigate events surrounding it and the people involved, but she uncovers a web of deceit that reaches far beyond the occurrences of over two decades earlier. Still dejected from her broken engagement, Jesse finds it difficult to trust anyone, even her self-absorbed mother. Joe Riley is irresistible, but secrets obstruct involvement with him until Jesse can solve the secrets of the Cavanaugh House. Someone doesn't want those secrets unearthed and will stop at nothing, even murder, to keep them hidden.
Now my audiobook is available and I am celebrating with a giveaway on my website. You can enter it below!
Elizabeth's books are available on:
Website: www.elizabethmeyette.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/efmeyette
Pinterest: https://www.pinterest.com/bettymeyette/
Labels: Audiobook, Elizabeth Meyette, Guest, New Release, Romance, Spotlight |
3 Responses
Elizabeth Meyette Says:
Thanks for inviting me to your blog today, Bethany-Kris.
Billie Lynn Magee Says:
Thanks for the chance <3
Bethany-Kris Bragdon Says:
Welcome to have you, Elizabeth!
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 23, 1996
|Filing date
|Dec 30, 1994
|Priority date
|Dec 30, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|William Lo, Ian Crayford
|Original Assignee
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (45), Classifications (15), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to "Address Tracking Over Repeater Based Networks" U.S. Pat. No. 5,353,353 issued on Oct. 10, 1994, "Repeater Security System," U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/053,797 filed Apr. 26, 1993, U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/337,634 filed Nov. 10, 1994, pending, U.S. patent application for "Programmable Address Mapping Matrix for Secure Networks," filed Dec. 30, 1994 Ser. No. 08/366,809, pending, and U.S. patent application for "Programmable Delay of Disrupt for Secure Networks," filed Dec. 30, 1994 Ser. No. 08/366,808, pending, all hereby expressly incorporated by reference for all purposes.
The present invention relates generally to data packet security within a local area network and more specifically to an improved secure computer network having a selectable port disrupt or non-disrupt response to a multicast packet within a network that uses Multiport Secure Repeaters.
Networks of computers are commonly used in today's business environment. One common network system structure uses one or more repeaters. The repeater typically includes several ports. A particular data packet received at one port is retransmitted from the other ports of the repeater. Each repeater restores timing and amplitude degradations of data packets received on one port and retransmits them to all other ports, and hence over the network. For networks employing a CSMA/CD-type of network, such as an Ethernet network, every data packet passes through every repeater. Network administrators are thereby able to conveniently use each repeater as a device on the network from which to gather information concerning the operation of the network.
In traditional Ethernet (802.3 10BASE5) and Cheapernet (802.3 10BASE2), a coaxial cable provides a linear bus to which all nodes of a local area network are connected. A standard promulgated by the IEEE (IEEE Standard 802.3) defines various functionality for computer networks. This standard is expressly incorporated by reference for all purposes. Signaling is accomplished using a current synch technique wherein a center conductor of the coaxial cable is used for a signal and a shield conductor of the coaxial cable is used for a reference voltage (typically ground). Twisted pair Ethernet (802.3 10BASE-T) uses a standard voice grade telephone cable rather than the coaxial cable. The telephone cable uses separate pairs of conductive wires for transmission and reception.
When using twisted pair Ethernet, the network configuration is a star topology. The star topology provides for several end stations or data terminal equipment (DTE) devices all coupled to a multi-port repeater located at a center of the star. The repeater performs signal amplitude and timing restoration. The repeater receives a bitstream at one of its ports and restores signal amplitude levels and timing requirements. The repeater repeats the reshaped and retimed input bitstream to all of its other ports. In one sense, the repeater acts as a logical coaxial cable, permitting every node connected to the twisted pair network to receive each transmission from any other node, just as when a coaxial cable is used. The pairs of conductors use differential signaling, one pair for transmission and another pair for reception.
While a repeater is used in a traditionally wired coaxial Ethernet network as a mechanism to extend the physical distance limit of the network, in the IEEE 802.3 10BASE-T, the standard mandates the use of a repeater to provide connectivity between nodes whenever more than two nodes are present. Although physical signaling on the cabling differs between the traditional Ethernet-type of repeater and the twisted pair-type of repeater, the functionality of the repeaters are identical, as is the frame or packet format that is used to pass messages between the participating nodes on the network.
The frame commences with a preamble sequence which is an alternating ("1" and "0") pattern. The preamble sequence provides a single frequency on the network, in this case five MegaHertz (MHz) at the start of each frame, allowing a receiver to acquire and lock onto the associated bitstream. The preamble sequence is followed by a start of packet identifier that immediately precedes the data portion of the transmission. Either a start of frame delimiter (802.3) or synch sequence (Ethernet) delineates the start of the data portion of the message. Following the start of packet identifier are two address fields: a destination address (DA) and a source address (SA). These addresses are both forty-eight bit values and are transmitted least significant bit (LSB) first.
A media access controller (MAC) associated with each DTE uses the destination address to determine whether an incoming packet is addressed to the node it is associated with. When a receiving node detects a match between its own node address and an address transmitted in the destination address field, it attempts to receive the packet. Nodes having a MAC that does not detect a matching address typically ignore a remainder of the packet.
There are three types of destination addressing supported by the 802.3 standards:
1. Individual. The DA field contains an individual and unique address assigned to a single node on the network.
2. Multicast. When the first bit (LSB) of the DA is set, the remainder of the DA includes a group address. The group of nodes that are actually addressed is determined by a higher layer function. In general, use of a group address is designed to transmit a message to a logically similar subset of nodes on the network.
3. Broadcast. The broadcast is a special form of multicast address wherein the DA field is set to all "1's." This address is reserved, and all nodes on the network must be capable of receiving a broadcast message.
The MAC that transmits a data packet writes its own address into the SA field. This allows the transmitting MAC to identify those packets which it originates. The 802.3 standards do not require that a receiving MAC take any action based upon the SA field. In some applications, such as management, security or configuration, the SA field may be tracked and monitored.
A two-byte length/type field follows the SA field. The choice of length or type is dependent upon whether the frame is compatible with the IEEE 802.3 or the Ethernet standard. A higher order byte of the length/type field is transmitted first, with the LSB of each byte transmitted first.
A data field contains actual packet data that is transferred between end stations and is between forty-six to fifteen hundred bytes in length. A logical link control (LLC) function is responsible for fragmenting data into block sizes suitable for transmission over the network. Data bytes are transmitted sequentially with the LSB of each byte transmitted first.
A frame check sequence (FCS) is a four-byte field that contains a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) for the entire frame. The transmitting station computes the CRC throughout the DA, the SA, the length/type field, and data field. The transmitting station appends the FCS as the last four bytes of the frame. A receiving station uses the same CRC algorithm to compute the CRC for a received frame. The receiving station compares the CRC value it computes with the CRC value in the transmitted FCS. A mismatch indicates an error, such as a corrupted data frame. CRC bits of the FCS are transmitted in order: most significant bit (MSB) to LSB.
FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are diagrams illustrating frame formats for an IEEE 802.3 Standard compliant frame and an Ethernet frame, respectively. Comparing the frame formats illustrates that a primary difference between the frame types is that the start of frame delimiter (SFD) for 802.3 is defined as a byte that has a "1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 " pattern whereas the start frame (synch) of Ethernet is a "11" sequence. Even so, in both cases, a total number of bits for the preamble plus the start of frame indication is sixty-four bits long.
The 802.3 and Ethernet standards both specify that a frame must be in the range of sixty-four to fifteen hundred eighteen bytes (excluding preamble/SFD). However, the actual data field in the 802.3 system is permitted to be smaller than the forty-six byte value that is necessary to ensure this minimum size. To handle a smaller size data field, the MAC of a transmitting station appends pad characters to the LLC data field before sending data over the network. The Ethernet standard assumes that an upper layer ensures that the minimum data field is forty-six bytes before passing data to the MAC, therefore the existence of appended pad characters in unknown to the MAC implementing an Ethernet format.
The 802.3 standard also uses a length field that indicates the number of data bytes that are in the data field only. Ethernet, on the other hand, uses a type field in the same two bytes to identify the message protocol type. Since valid Ethernet type fields are always assigned outside of the valid maximum 802.3 packet length size, both 802.3 and Ethernet packets can coexist on the same network. Hence, it has been found that it is important to be able to track and monitor the addresses for a variety of reasons. For example, for secure networks it may be important that authentication is required to ensure that the appropriate nodes on the network receive the information. In addition, as networks change in the number of nodes attached thereto, it becomes important to be able to associate an address with a particular port or the like within the network.
It is also important in secure networks to selectively prevent a node from receiving such address information unless the node requires the information. If a data packet is not destined for a particular node, the particular node generally does not have a need for information within the data packet.
Further, it is important to provide a mechanism to associate the addresses of each port of a repeater with the actual port number or identity of the device. Typically, unsecured repeaters are devices that are just used for signal amplitude and timing restoration. In all of the above-mentioned modes, the secure repeater must also be provided with the capability to detect and interpret the various fields within data packets that are transmitted on the network.
As described above, every data packet transmitted in the computer network includes a destination address to identify the recipient of the data packet. A secure repeater in a secure network may have one or more end stations attached to each port. Each end station has one unique address assigned, and possibly one or more multicast addresses. The secure repeater maintains a list of associated end stations for each output port. The security systems identified in the incorporated references use the destination address field from each data packet to route a data packet to only those output ports associated with the destination address. Output ports of the repeater associated with a destination address not matching the destination address receive a modified, or disrupted, data packet.
The security system functions well for data packets addressed using the unique addresses. Special procedures are required in order to deal with the multicast packets.
The present invention provides apparatus and method for simply and efficiently controlling secure repeater response to a multicast data packet. The present invention provides for selective, programmable response, on a per port basis, to the multicast data packet. Certain output ports are set to enable them to retransmit multicast packets undisrupted, and others are set to modify retransmission of multicast packets.
According to one aspect of the invention, it includes an apparatus for controlling a multicast response to a multicast data packet. The apparatus includes a repeater having an input port for receiving a data packet having a destination address field wherein the destination address field includes a multicast identifier, and a plurality of output ports. The repeater includes a security system for transmitting the data packet from a first group of output ports of the plurality of output ports when associated addresses of the group of output ports match the destination address field. The security system transmitting a first output packet from a first output port when the first output port has an associated address not matching the destination address field, and a second output packet from a second output port when the second output port has an associated address not matching the destination address field. The apparatus includes a first multicast controller, coupled to the first output port and the security system, for controlling a first transmission of the first output packet by the security system, the first output packet is the same as the received data packet when the data packet includes the multicast identifiers. The apparatus also includes a second multicast controller, coupled to the second output port and the security system, for controlling a second transmission of the second output packet, the second transmission providing the second output packet as a disrupted data packet when the data packet includes the multicast identifier.
In summary, the preferred embodiment of the present invention permits:
(i) all data packets to pass undisrupted through the secure repeater for an initial period;
(ii) output ports that have been programmed for the `pass multicast` mode will pass all multicasts without disruption;
(iii) output ports that are alternatively programmed for the `secure multicast` mode will only pass a multicast when there is a perfect match between one or more stored addresses and a destination address in the received address; and
(iv) output ports may be programmed to only perform security on individual (non-multicast) addresses, or to pass all individual addresses (no security at all).
In a further preferred embodiment of the present invention, the multicast controller includes a plurality of memories, one memory associated with each of the first and second output ports. Each memory stores a multicast control code, with each stored multicast control code indicating whether or not its associated output port is to retransmit the multicast packet.
In operation, the multicast controller selectively overrides the security system of the repeater in response to a multicast data packet. Each port is established as either being responsive to a multicast packet, or not responsive. When the multicast packet arrives, only those ports established as being responsive to the multicast packet will retransmit the packet. This allows a network administrator to identify those ports that are never to receive multicast packets, such as individual office or work cubicle locations which are not associated with the specific multicast group. For example, in an engineering company, the present invention could be used to prevent `finance` multicast multicast packets from being received by `engineering` end stations, and prevent `engineering` multicasts from being received by `marketing` end stations, etc. Note that some paths on a network may be considered `secure` due to their physical location or accessibility, and these may be configured to forward all multicast packets. Such an example would be a repeater-to-repeater connection that was located in a locked wiring closet, hence physically secured. Such ports receive data packets only when expressly addressed.
Reference to the remaining portions of the specification, including the drawing and claims, will realize other features and advantages of the present invention. Further features and advantages of the present invention, as well as the structure and operation of various embodiments of the present invention, are described in detail below with respect to accompanying drawing. In the drawing, like reference numbers indicate identical or functionally similar elements.
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an IEEE 802.3 compliant frame format;
FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an Ethernet compliant frame format;
FIG. 3 is a block schematic diagram of a network of a plurality of personal computers implementing a star topology, the network including a secure repeater at each hub;
FIG. 4 is a detailed schematic block diagram of the secure repeater implementing selective multicast response;
FIG. 5 is a detailed block diagram of a controller used in the secure repeater shown in FIG. 4; and
FIG. 6 is a detailed schematic diagram of the multicast controller shown in FIG. 4.
FIG. 3 is a block schematic diagram of a network 10 of a plurality of end stations 15 (e.g. personal computers) implementing a star topology, network 10 includes a secure repeater 20 at each hub. The preferred embodiment is implemented using a carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) compliant network. Secure repeater 20 conforms to the incorporated IEEE Standard 802.3.
In operation, network 10 passes a data packet from one end station 15, through one or more secure repeaters 20, to another end station 15. Secured repeater 20 receives the data packet at one port, and retransmits the data packet from other ports. Secure repeater 20 implements security features, such as data packet data masking, as described in the incorporated references.
FIG. 4 is a detailed schematic block diagram of secure repeater 20 shown in FIG. 3 implementing selective multicast response. Secure repeater 20 includes a repeater front-end 50, a controller 55, a shift register 60, an address compare circuit 65, a plurality of programmable multicast controllers 70i, a plurality of disrupters 75i, and a plurality of output data multiplexers 80i. In the preferred embodiment, the components of secure repeater 20, other than repeater front-end 50, make up security system features to extract fields from a data packet and make tests, and to verify routing.
For ease of explanation, only one programmable delay disrupt controller (70x), one disrupter 75x, and one multiplexer 80x are shown. It is understood that there is one disrupt controller, one disrupter and one multiplexer for every EQUAL line from address compare circuit 65. Repeater front-end 50 receives a data packet at a particular one port of a plurality of input ports 85i, i=1 to n, with n being the number of ports. Repeater front-end 50 processes the data packet in conformance with the incorporated IEEE 802.3 standard. Repeater front-end 50 outputs an ENABLE signal and a DATA signal that is a serial output stream. DATA is driven with the data from the input data packet. ENABLE is asserted once, and as long as, repeater front-end 50 drives DATA with valid data from the data packet.
Controller 55 is coupled to repeater front-end 50 and receives the ENABLE signal and the DATA signal. As described in more detail below, controller 55 includes logic to assert a SHIFT-- ENABLE signal, a COMPARE signal, and a PASS signal responsive to the ENABLE and DATA signals.
Shift register 60 is coupled to both repeater front-end 50 and controller 55. Shift register 60 is a right shifting register that receives DATA at its input. Shift register 60 is responsive to an assertion of the SHIFT-- ENABLE signal to shift bits of DATA into its memory. Shift register 60 holds forty-eight bits (six bytes), corresponding to the size of the destination address in the data packet. The bits stored in shift register 60 are output on a forty-eight bit wide output. Shift register 60 also outputs an M-BIT signal that is the value of one particular bit stored in memory. When a destination address is shifted into shift register 60, the M-BIT signal is the bit value of the bit position that indicates whether the data packet is a multicast packet. In the preferred embodiment, this bit position is the least significant bit (right-most bit).
Address compare circuit 65 is coupled to controller 55 and shift register 60. Address compare circuit 65 is an associative memory that associates one or more destination addresses with output ports. Address compare circuit 65 of the preferred embodiment, includes n number of EQUALx output lines, X=1 to n. One EQUAL line corresponds to each output port. When COMPARE is asserted, address compare circuit 65 compares the forty-eight bits output from shift register 60 to the destination addresses stored in memory. For each match, address compare circuit 65 asserts EQUALx for the associated output port 90X having an associated address matching the output of shift register 60. Any number, from zero to all, of the EQUAL lines may be asserted. Additional details regarding structure and operation of address compare circuit 65 are described in the incorporated references.
Each programmable multicast controller 70i is coupled to controller 55, shift register 60 and address compare circuit 65. Each multicast controller 70i receives a different one of the EQUAL signals, one multicast controller 70i for each, as well as the global PASS signal and the M-BIT signal. In response to assertions of PASS, EQUALx, and M-BIT, a particular one multicast controller 70x drives a DISRUPT SELECTx signal either HIGH or LOW.
Multicast controller 70x drives DISRUPT SELECTx according to the following logic equation:
DISRUPT SELECT.sub.x =((EQUAL.sub.x ∩A(X))∪(M-BIT∩B(X))∪PASS ∪C(X)
where A(X), B(X), and C(X) represent outputs of programmable registers associated with port 90x, with A(X) asserted when normal security unicast addressing is enabled, with B(X) asserted when multicast response is enabled, and with C(X) asserted when security features are disabled. The logic equation may be expressed by the following truth table:
TABLE I______________________________________Controller 70.sub.X DISRUPTEQUAL.sub.X A(X) M-BIT B(X) PASS C(X) SELECT.sub.X______________________________________X X X X 1 X 1X X X X X 1 1X 0 X 0 0 0 00 1 X 0 0 0 0X 0 0 1 0 0 01 1 X X 0 0 1X X 1 1 0 0 10 X 0 X 0 0 0______________________________________ 1 -- The signal is asserted 0 -- The signal is deasserted X -- Don't care.
Disrupter 75x provides modified data to output port 90x in place of DATA whenever port 90x is not to receive DATA, i.e., the data packet masking feature is activated. As implemented, disrupter 75x outputs alternating "1's" and "0's" by implementing a simple multivibrator. In the preferred embodiment, disrupter 75x has an input of a flip-flop coupled to output port 90x, and an inverter coupled to an output of the flip-flop. The output of the inverter is the output of disrupter 75x.
Multiplexer 80x includes two inputs, a "0" input coupled to the output of disrupter 75x and a "1" input coupled to DATA from repeater front-end 50. Multiplexer 80x is responsive to DISRUPT SELECTx provided at a SELECTx input to route one of the inputs to output port 90x. When DISRUPT SELECTx is driven LOW, multiplexer 80x routes modified data from disrupter 75x to output port 90x. When DISRUPT SELECTx is driven HIGH, multiplexer 80x routes DATA to output port 90x.
In operation, repeater front-end 50 receives a multicast packet at one of its input ports 85i. Repeater front-end 50 drives DATA with the serial bits contained in the multicast packet and asserts ENABLE when DATA is valid. Forty-eight bits immediately following the start of frame delimiter make up the destination address field.
Controller 55 counts the incoming bits of DATA. SHIFT-- ENABLE is asserted until the destination address is shifted into shift register 60, at which point shift register 60 is locked by deasserting SHIFT-- ENABLE. The multicast bit M-BIT is driven with the value of the multicast identifier when the destination address is locked in shift register 60. Initially, M-BIT is LOW. When the data packet is a multicast packet, M-BIT is asserted HIGH. Controller 55 asserts PASS until the destination address has been locked into shift register 60. Controller 55 asserts COMPARE after deasserting SHIFT-- ENABLE.
Assertion of COMPARE causes address compare circuit 65 to compare the destination address to each of a plurality of stored addresses. These stored addresses correspond to associated end user stations 15 coupled to output ports 90 of secure repeater 20. In other words, a particular end user station 15x, having an address ADDRESSx, that is coupled to output port 90x has ADDRESSx stored in a particular memory of compare circuit 65 that is associated with PORT 90x. When the destination address stored in shift register 60 is compared with all the stored addresses, one or more EQUALx signals are asserted when a match is found. EQUALx is asserted for each port 90x having a matching associated stored address.
Multicast controller 70x receives the PASS signal, the M-BIT signal, and the EQUALx signal. As described above, when PASS is asserted, multicast controller 70x drives DISRUPT SELECTx HIGH, thereby routing DATA to output port 90x. As PASS stays asserted until the destination address is completely shifted into shift register 60, the PASS signal ensures that a valid destination address is always transmitted from each output port 90x. After controller 55 deasserts PASS, multicast controller 70x drives DISRUPT SELECTx LOW unless EQUALx or M-BIT is asserted and those features are enabled. When DISRUPT SELECTx is LOW, modified data is output from output port 90x.
For details of the state of DISRUPT SELECTx refer to the truth table presented above in Table I. Multicast controller 70x satisfies the logic equation and truth table.
FIG. 5 is a detailed block diagram of controller 55 shown in FIG. 4. Controller 55 includes a start frame detector (SFD) 100, a counter 105, a compare circuit 110, and two inverters (115 and 120). The DATA and ENABLE signals are input into SFD 100. SFD 100 monitors DATA for the start of frame delimiter (SFD). After the start of frame delimiter is detected, SFD 100 asserts a SEE-- SFD signal. The SEE-- SFD signal is asserted after the start of frame delimiter is detected and remains asserted as long as ENABLE remains asserted.
Counter 105 is coupled to SFD 100 and is responsive to the SEE-- SFD signal to increment a total count once per bit time. Thus, counter 105 counts each bit of DATA after the start of frame delimiter. The total count of counter 105 is output on six lines making up count bus 125.
Compare circuit 110 is coupled to count bus 125 and monitors the total count of counter 105. Initially, COMPARE is LOW. When counter 105 counts to forty-eight (48), compare circuit 110 asserts the COMPARE signal HIGH. An input of inverter 115 and inverter 120 are each coupled to the output of compare circuit 110. An output of inverter 115 drives the PASS signal and an output of inverter 120 drives the SHIFT-- ENABLE signal. Controller 55, in the preferred embodiment, asserts PASS and SHIFT-- ENABLE HIGH until counter 105 counts to forty-eight.
FIG. 6 is a detailed schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment for multicast controller 70x shown in FIG. 4. Multicast controller 70x includes two dual input AND gates (G1 and G2), a dual input OR gate G3, a triple input OR gate G4, and three externally-programmable latches (200x, 205x, and 210x). AND gate G1 receives the EQUALx signal at one input and an output from latch 200x at the other input. AND gate G2 receives the M-BIT signal at one input and an output from latch 205x at the other input. Outputs from AND gate G1 and AND gate G2 are inputs into OR gate G3. OR gate G4 receives an output from OR gate G3 at one input and the PASS signal at another input. An output of latch 210x is coupled to the third input of OR gate G4. An output of OR gate G4 drives the DISRUPT SELECTx signal.
In operation, assertion of PASS asserts DISRUPT SELECTx until after the address comparisons are complete. Thereafter, controller 55, shown in FIG. 4, deasserts PASS. Latch 200x controls whether normal security features are enabled for port 90x. That is, if security for port 90x is enabled (permitting port 90x to transmit any data packets expressly addressed to it), then latch 200x stores and provides a "1" to AND gate G1. When EQUALx is asserted and latch 200x stores the "1", AND gate G1 will assert its output. With the output of AND gate G1 asserted, the output of OR gate G3 is asserted thereby driving the DISRUPT SELECTx signal HIGH.
Similarly, latch 205x controls whether port 90x is responsive to a multicast packet. When multicast response is desired for a particular port 90x, latch 205x stores and provides a "1" to AND gate G2. Otherwise, latch 205x stores and provides a "0" to AND gate G2. When both the M-BIT signal and the output from latch 205x are asserted, the DISRUPT SELECTx signal will be driven HIGH and the multicast packet will not be disrupted. When latch 205x stores a "0," port 90x is disabled from responding to any multicast packet.
Latch 210x controls security features for port 90x. When security for port 90x is enabled, latch 210x stores and provides a "0" to OR gate G4. Consequently, DISRUPT SELECTx is controlled by PASS, EQUAL(X), M-BIT, and the values in latch 200x and 205x. However, if the security features are to be disabled for port 90x, then latch 210x stores and provides a "1" to OR gate G4. With a "1" stored in latch 210x, security features for port 90x are disabled. Thus, DISRUPT SELECTx will always be HIGH, constantly selecting DATA for transmission from port 90x. With security features disabled, secure repeater 20 performs like an ordinary unsecured repeater.
As described, secure repeater 20 provides for selective and programmable response, on a per port basis, to a multicast data packet. Some ports can be disabled from multicast response allowing only direct addressing, and other ports can be enabled to permit multicast response. Writing different values into register 205x, for different values of X, results in different multicast responses for the ports of secure repeater 20.
In conclusion, the present invention provides a simple, efficient solution to selective response of a secure repeater to a multicast packet. While the above is a complete description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, various alternatives, modifications, and equivalents may be used. Therefore, the above description should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention which is defined by the appended claims.
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|Feb 21, 1995
Owner name: ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES INC., CALIFORNIA
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|Dec 29, 1999
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|Aug 18, 2009
Owner name: GLOBALFOUNDRIES INC., CAYMAN ISLANDS
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