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Sona Build Guide by dvux
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Sona Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
This is my first LoL-Build and it was writen for my friends, who wan't to play support, but need a few help with Sona's build order and the most problems of new support player: warding.
PS: English isn't my native language, so be sorry for mistakes :)
PPS: I will try to add a german translation after all capters - i hope this is okay on this page...
Why Sona?
In my opinion Sona is one of the best Supporter in the game. With her fast spam groupheal, speedbuff, a teamfight-winning ultimate and good damage, you can support the team to win.
And i love the way to play with her. With a good Lanemate you can be very aggressiv and later in the game the teamfights are realy funny with a lot of spell-spamming!
Sona i very great with a good range AD carry on bot lane. For example Sivir, Caitlyne, Ashe or Varus.
But melee ADs are okay, too. But for them you need more heal at the beginning of the game and that can be a problem with your mana...
I prefer in a free selection the arranged combination with Sivir and VoIP :)
I prefer Greater Mark of Insigh for a better damage output. then long time you will have low AP. But if you wan't its possible to change the Marks with Great Mark of Force for better AP.
Than i fill the Seals with a mix of Greater Seal of Scaling Mana Regeneration and Greater Seal of Defense for a better mana regeneration and small defense.
Update WIP
The Glyphs are reserved for Cooldown Reduction. A Mix of Greater Glyph of Cooldown Reduction and Greater Glyph of Scaling Cooldown Reduction is good for early CD push and good help in the LateGame.
And than i add 3 Greater Quintessence of Scaling Cooldown Reduction for a few more CD. But if you think swap them to Greater Quintessence of Scaling Ability Power for a small AP buff.
Summoner Spells
I prefer Flash as a good escaper or charce skill and the Exhaust is a must have as supporter!
Update WIP
With 0/5/25 you will have all good points in the Utility Tree:
Mana with Expanded Mind and Meditation
Warding Power with Scout and Swiftness
Gold and Exp increase with Greed , Wealth and Awareness
Cooldown Reduction with Intelligence and Mastermind
and a few defence with:
Skill Sequence and Use
Your a healing supporter, so your main skill must be Aria of Perseverance! No discussion!
Spam it every time you can
After this you can push your damage output with Hymn of Valor. This can be very effectiv in combination with your passiv Power Chord. Use [Hymn of Valor]] as 3. skill and than use a auto-attack with Power Chord to do great damage for a supporter ;)
The Song of Celerity is a good buff, but he don't increase essential with more points, so use 1 point on lvl 4 and the others at the end of the game.
Your Ultimate Crescendo is very effectiv in Teamfights or catch single enemys that harrash youre lane. Learn to use it with the best timing. Than the start of a fight isn't necessary the best point to use ;)
Update WIP
See the Items in top for my actuell chose!
Starting Items:
Start only with the Fearie Charm as fix item and go on with the Consumables.
You ask why?
The enemy will try to kill you early; so with the 2 Health Potion you save your ***!
And at the Beginning if the enemy is very agressive you need a lot of mana; so you need the 2 Mana Potion to compare this... later you solve this with the Tear of Goddess.
Early Items: Solve gold and mana problems
On the first time back buy Philospher's Stone, for a constant heal, manareg and money.
Than Build fast up the Tear of Goddess. This Item is great and a must have for Sona! Why?
With the high spamming rate of your skills u fill the Tear very fast. (+750 Mana at 45min is possible!)
You can build it up later to the Archangel's Staff for a good AP buff
And now build Hearth of Gold to a second gold item so constant buy wards!
After your Core build you can buy shoes. I prefer the Ionian Boots of Lucidity for a faster spaming of your attacks.
Why the boots so late?
You need the Tear of Goddess fast to build up your mana pool effectiv. So eary boots waste time, too.
With Sonas Speed skill on lvl 4 you have a little spare :)
Support Items: Aura
With the Soul Shroud you get a very effectiv Sona-Support-Item. Another mana regenration and Cooldown reduction. What do you want more? (With low gold start with Kindlegem to enjoy the early CD for you)
Than upgrade your Philosopher's Stone to Shurelya's Reverie (attention: you lose a gold source) for a great speedbuff to escape for your mates or follow escaping enemys.
Damage Items: The fighting Supporter
Now you have a good base to support your team, now you can upgrade the Tear of Goddess to the [[Archangel's Staff. With roundabout 3000 mana you become a good damage buff with ~90 AP.
At last you can build up a Will of Ancients for another AP increase an a good support aura for your AP carrys!
Important: If you buy a Will of Ancients your fill up your invantory with 6 items. So it's advisable to sell the Hearth of Gold to have a free slot for Wards!
Warding is the different from a player with a support hero and a gamewinning supporter! You can only fight what you can see!
With Sona's speedbuff and the 2 gold items you can ward very effectiv.
For the best places look on this great instruction:
mobafire warding helper by Panglot


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Bio & Incident Details
Age: 33
Tour: 5 years
Badge # Not available
Cause: Struck by train
Incident Date: 9/28/1968
· Leave a Reflection
· Add to My Heroes
· Update this memorial
Deputy Hurst was killed when his patrol car was struck by a Pacific Railroad freight train at a rail crossing on Fowler Avenue. He was thrown from the vehicle and suffered severe injuries resulting in his death four days later.
Deputy Hurst was a US Army veteran. He had been in law enforcement for five years and had been with the sheriff's department for two years. He was survived by his wife and two daughters from a previous marriage.

subset: commoncrawl


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"If you cannot measure it, you cannot improve it" - Lord Kelvin
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Last updated 4 Apr 2014


text:
By pinkjade / Tuesday 25 October 2011 07:17 / Canada
Add a comment - Reply to : #
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Top comments
Epic_Fail911 | 15
make him your pet
opendoorclosed | 8
Sleep with mouse traps around you. I don't see how that could possibly go wrong.
Keyman1212 | 14
I bought Battlefield 3 yesterday at the midnight release, and you have to kill Mr. Jingles mid-mission on the campaign....
opendoorclosed | 8
I need that game.... FMLackofcash.
iliketurdles | 7
Ahhh, the female population seriously become (even more?) unreasonable when it comes to rodents and bugs. A flesh eating zombie with super powers orrrrrr, extra emphasis on 'or', a tiny little mouse, who is more scared of you, than you are of it. Also bare in mind that in comparison to the mouse, you're like the size of the Eiffel tower. You're still more scared of the mouse aren't you?
funnyshitt | 0
Wow i cant belive no one got that.Green mile one of the best movies
Amadeus_fml | 8
I looooove that movie!
nalia18 | 8
Mice- tiny little things that eat up your stuff, bite you, scratch you, red beety eyes, and carry around disease And its hard to get rid of Or... Zombie- slow ass mother fuckers that if there was an invasion we could capture easily or just shoot... Youra guy... Your suposed to be afraid of niether. Your still afraid of the zombie arent you...
iliketurdles | 7
93, I'm not supposed to be scared of anything? What kinda 12th century crap is that? If zombies do invade, it's not going to be a scene from Shaun of the Dead, where you outrun a few zombies and head to the Winchester and wait for till the whole thing to blow over. It's the dead alive. I guarantee you mice will be the last thing on your mind during a zombie apocalypse.
nalia18 | 8
Did you not hear me.... Ypu could get on with your life if there was an invasion... Slow.... They will fall apart before they reach the cemetary gates. Mice arent scary to me but they do scatch and ruin your stuff. I bet you could touch a zombie and it would become dust... And zombies are supposed to be a fictional being even though the thought ofit coming true might be unsettling mice are real... Oh and f u for the sexist comment on women... Ima girl and niether of those things freak me out
m0tl3ycru3 | 0
He was there first
smirnoff1695 | 0
They can cuddle
MuziKMajoR | 5
OP says what the hell happened last night
JapMASTER5000 | 0
When someone uses a technical term like shithead, they have to be correct.
GraceKathryn97 | 0
No one knows what ur saying! None of ur coments make sense!
ikickgingers | 15
28 - Secret of Nimh... Google it and stfu. :)
GraceKathryn97 | 0
I wasn't meaning to be rude, I was just saying! Geez take a chill pill! :P live life!:)
sadistmonkey | 19
Unless it did...
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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] Directed by Jordan Richards, Caitlin Morris-Cornfield y Jordan Richards leads the cast of this film of Canada, with script in English, whose presentation to the public was scheduled for 2014. You can watch Lobsters Remake online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2014.
Rating: 5 by 10 users./
Runtime: 3 minutes
Caitlin Morris-Cornfield and Jordan Richards.
Short film, Romantic, Comedy.
3-minute film (full movie) directed by Jordan Richards.
The original audio of Lobsters Remake has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in Canada.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2014.
Screenplay written by Jordan Richards and Caitlin Morris-Cornfield.
Donny Kehoe.
Jordan Richards.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Lobsters Remake has a duration of 3 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Lobsters Remake in FULLTV Movies.


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Annie for Spite (Mutual, 1917). One Sheet (27.5" X 41").. ...Click the image to load the highest resolution version.
DescriptionAnnie for Spite (Mutual, 1917). One Sheet (27.5" X 41").
Silent era sweetheart Mary Miles Minter plays a ragged orphan-turned heiress, as she faces off against Eugenie Ford's snobbish socialite. George Fisher plays Ford's son and Minter's noble love interest, as James Kirkwood directs the whole affair. A first time sell for Heritage, this lovely stone litho poster has undergone professional restoration to address chipping and tears in the borders and folds, creases, and misfolding. Fine on Linen.
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King Kong (RKO, R-1946). Title Lobby Card & Lobby Card
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text:
MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] With production of Spain, this 2013 film was directed by Javier Esteban Loring and Guillermo Fernández de Oliveira. You can watch Modern Warfare: Sunrise online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2013.
Rating: 5 by 14 users./
Runtime: 7 minutes
Santiago Arias, Bruno Bergareche, Javier Esteban Loring, Víctor González Fraile, River Kanoff, Chad Lawton, Germán Mozo, Alfonso Oñate, Javier Oñate and Héctor Villasante.
Short film, Action.
7-minute film (full movie) directed by Javier Esteban Loring and Guillermo Fernández de Oliveira.
The original audio of Modern Warfare: Sunrise has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in Spain.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2013.
Screenplay written by Javier Esteban Loring and Guillermo Fernández de Oliveira.
Alejandro Fernández Larrañaga, Cruz Gallastegui, Javier Esteban Loring, Javier Oñate, Antonio Delgado Torres, Mar Cassinello, Guillermo Fernández de Oliveira, María Dolores de Oliveira Malvar, Sonsoles Fernández de Córdoba and Fernando Elio.
This film was produced and / or financed by Zapruder Pictures.
Composed by Hary Haja.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Modern Warfare: Sunrise has a duration of 7 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Modern Warfare: Sunrise in FULLTV Movies.


text:
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1 oz daily, may be taken with food. Shake Well. Some settling is normal. May be mixed with juice or water. Refrigerate after opening.
Please read all label information carefully on delivery and prior to use.


text:
Download SpoorLite: Security & Tracking apk 1.0.1 free for Android smartphone
Posted by AH Software UK in Tools | July 16, 2014 | 1 Comments
Apk file size: 1.9 MB
Protect your phone or tablet by installing this tracking app giving you security by leaving a trail from your phone / tablet if it is lost or stolen by sending emails or SMS messages to you with information to help you retrieve your device.
- Spoor is phone / tablet tracking software with photos / face trap.
- Spoor is constant security, and will automatically take a photo of a thief when they fail to unlock your device.
- Spoor can be set as a security monitor to check your home and work addresses and let you know by email or SMS when the device has been away from either location.
- Spoor requires no registration, just set it up and it will work as your security / tracking software monitoring your device in the background.
The email that you get from Spoor will contain the battery level, the location (including google maps link and approx address), the last time your device was near any locations defined in Spoor (e.g Home or Work), nearby wireless access points and their signal strength.
This information should help you to track down your device and retrieve it.
It can also just be used as a bit of fun at the home or office to see who is trying to unlock your phone or tablet.
Spoor Lite is limited to just 10 photos, but will still give you all the other benefits of Spoor.
Spoor uses various permissions, they are listed here with the reasons they are needed:
- CAMERA: Required for taking pictures for tracking the device
- WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE: Required for storing pictures and other files
- ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE: Required for checking if in Flight mode, and checking internet connectivity
- ACCESS_WIFI_STATE: Required for checking current wifi state
- CHANGE_WIFI_STATE: Required for enabling wifi, if it is currently not enabled
- INTERNET: Required for sending emails from Spoor
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- WAKE_LOCK: Required to ensure the device doesn't go back to sleep during a lost check
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Whats new
Fixed photo taking for Sony Xperia phones.
AH Software UK part of our Tools and have average installs from 50 to 100. Last Update July 16, 2014. Google play rating is 84.0. Current verison is 1.0.1. Actual size 1.9 MB.
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Adam Hibbert
Great for peace of mind This app captures pictures of my kids whenever they try to unlock my phone and let's me know where my tablet is when I've forgotten it!.


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Not until christmas... until Gwen comes. (That is if all goes according to plan. ha.) We've rearranged the nursery, cleaned just about everything including the carpets, and changed the oil. I'm feeling pretty good and ready for her to come now. It's amazing how much cleaning made me feel better about her coming. There's something to that nesting thing that people talk about. I just couldn't rest until the carpets were cleaned. And now that they are - I'm doing much much better. :)It's been fun doing things with Jonas these last few days. We went down to BYU and saw the MOA exhibit and then he danced to these singing Elmos in the bookstore. It's fun to see him grow up. He still looks pretty small to me - but I'm sure he's going to look so huge and capable compared to Gwen. I'm really excited for him to have a sister. This kid needs some more entertainment.
I've been kind of self-conscious lately that my belly isn't big enough. Ridiculous, I know. But people never believe that I'm almost 9 months pregnant. I'm not sure why... I'm feeling pretty big, but I've gotten it enough that it makes me a little worried. Do people just say that because it's supposed to be a compliment? Probably, but I kinda feel myself getting a little pouty and scared. "Really? Uh-oh. is that bad? Is she not big enough? Sheesh, maybe I'm not as far along as I thought. What if there's something wrong?" yadda yadda yadda. But my dr. says she's measuring well, so I'll just not worry about it. I think that it's just because I'm long waisted or carry in my back or something like that. I dunno. bah! Done worrying about it.
Speaking of babies - here's my cute niece playing Jesus in the manger for our family nativity. haha, such a cute little face. She had that scowl on for a while but she warmed up to it after a bit. (maybe warmed up a little too much because she had a blow out. oh boy, blow-outs... here we go again.) It's fun to see and hold her. It makes me excited for my own. But like Russell said - she's so cute that she's a pretty tough act to follow. i hope that Gwen's up to it.


text:
What did the frog say after telling a joke?
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From Robby Cihak, a parent, Michigan
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What happens to a frog when he parks in the wrong space?
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The Arizona Daily Star, May 4, 1999
"A noisy, obvious, gruesome, extended death" -- Arizona Boys Ranch charges
By Inger Sandal
FLORENCE - A judge yesterday ordered a former Arizona Boys Ranch nurse to face manslaughter and child abuse charges in the death of 16-year-old Nicholaus Contreraz.
Judge Richard Fields of Pima County Superior Court ruled that two other former Boys Ranch workers will face child abuse charges, while he cleared two others of all criminal wrongdoing.
The judge dismissed murder charges against all five ex-workers in Contreraz's March 2, 1998, death at the privately run paramilitary camp for troubled youths.
Nurse Linda Babb, 45, charged with manslaughter and reckless child abuse, treated Contreraz several times without diagnosing his lung infection.
By the time Contreraz collapsed and died, that infection had filled his chest with more than 2.5 quarts of pus and had collapsed a lung.
Authorities said the other four workers either watched or forced Contreraz to exercise before his collapse. Troy Michael Jones, 27, and Montgomery Clayton Hoover, 30, will face child abuse charges.
However, Geoffrey Sean Lewis, 24, and Michael Martin Moreno, 31, walked out of the courtroom free of any criminal allegations.
Attorneys representing the three former workers still facing charges will try to persuade Fields to reconsider his decisions in a telephone conference tomorrow morning.
``This is a tragic case for everyone involved,'' said Fields, who spent two weeks reviewing four days of testimony and more than 2,000 pages of investigative reports and court documents. He had cautioned the packed courtroom against outbursts before stating his detailed findings.
Julie Vega, Contreraz's mother, sobbed when Fields cleared all five of murder, but said outside the courtroom that she believed the judge's decisions were fair.
Embracing her son Mark and a sister, Vega said she placed much of the blame for Nicholaus' death on Babb, the nurse. ``It was obvious she hadn't done her job,'' she said. ``I could tell my son didn't die easily.''
The teen-ager's family traveled to Florence for court proceedings from its home in Sacramento.
Boys Ranch runs camps mainly for troubled youths referred by courts. The youth's death prompted an investigation that ultimately led to the closure of its camp near Oracle.
Prosecutors maintain that the teen's illness developed for at least a week before his death, and that other boys at the boot-camp-style facility north of Oracle noticed he had symptoms as vomiting, diarrhea, coughing, weight loss and difficulty breathing with any exertion.
Deputy Pinal County Attorney Janna L. Vanderpool described how the boy died of oxygen deprivation - ``a noisy, obvious, gruesome, extended death'' - after he was carried to a secluded amphitheater and made to exercise at dinnertime.
Babb had several contacts with Contreraz in the days before his death, and allowed him to take part in heavy exercise despite knowing he had breathing problems, Vanderpool alleged. She noted that the nurse also documented a number of bruises on the teen the day before his death but failed to report or question them.
``She obviously wanted to keep her job more than she wanted to protect Nicholaus,'' Vanderpool said yesterday in her closing argument. She suggested that Babb either didn't care about the boy or was intimidated by other workers.
Babb's attorney, Stephen M. Weiss, however, described his client as a woman who went beyond her job description to care for the boy.
Outside the courtroom he said his client was ``really upset'' at the judge's decision. Although she had prepared for the worst, he said it was still a shock.
The attorneys of the four other workers had maintained during the preliminary hearing that their clients had no reason to suspect the boy was gravely ill after the nurse examined him.
``The bottom line is she had the most contact with him of the whole group,'' Weiss said. He said he would consider asking that Babb, who now works with computers in Phoenix, be tried separately.
The closing arguments presented by the other defense attorneys noted that Contreraz appeared defiant rather than pleading to them for help, and could have been inducing hyperventilation by taking short breaths.
``All that Mr. Hoover knew was he was dealing with a young man who had a history of malingering,'' said Hoover's attorney, Edward F. Novak.
Michael Bloom, who represented Moreno, stressed outside the courtroom that it was important to remember that the findings do not convict the other three people. He also criticized the prosecutor for what he said were numerous misstatements.
Although Moreno was relieved, Bloom said, ``this has been devastating to Michael - to have his name dragged through the mud.''
Vega said she agreed there was no reason for Moreno, a supervisor who had little contact with the boy, ``to go through this any further.''
The Pinal County Attorney's Office originally indicted each of the five former employees in September on child abuse and manslaughter charges. The charges were dropped after defense attorneys alleged that errors occurred when prosecutors presented the case to the grand jury.
Prosecutors then refiled a criminal complaint in March, but with the possibility that the workers could face first-degree murder charges.
The five workers were among 17 accused of child abuse or neglect and cited on administrative charges by Child Protective Services officials after a five-month investigation of Boys Ranch last year.
Yesterday's dismissal of criminal charges against Moreno and Lewis means they can now appeal the CPS charges against them to avoid having their names placed on a state registry of child abusers, said an official who oversees CPS.
``We stand by our original decision, based on the facts, to bring child abuse charges against (all five of) them,'' said Jim Hart, assistant director of the state Department of Economic Security's Children, Youth and Families Administration.
Prosecutors face a higher burden of proof in a criminal case than CPS does in an administrative case.
Only one of the 17 accepted being registered as a child abuser without appealing. Charges against 11 others are under appeal.
CPS investigators found ``a pattern of abuse and neglect and a lack of concern'' for the rights of boys that led to the death of Contreraz, DES Director Linda Blessing said last August. Contreraz at times was ridiculed and forced to carry a bucket containing clothes soiled with his vomit and excrement.
State officials have refused since last August to renew the ranch's operating license. Hart said yesterday that the state has nearly finished negotiating terms under which the ranch, which has continued operating, would get back its license and stay open under the eye of a consultant who recommended reforms.
The state has also settled a $3 million claim filed last summer by Contreraz's mother, who accused DES of failing to competently oversee Boys Ranch even though there had been documented cases of abuse before her son died. Hart said he did not know the settlement terms.
Arizona Daily Star reporters Enric Volante and Rhonda Bodfield Sander contributed to this story.


text:
I am Your Man, a Smadar Shir book, is a unique love story, which reflects the gap between ethnic groups in Israeli society.
Lihi is a blond business woman looking for lost love. Eden is a Yemenite singer, the king of the central bus station, and a single man. He offers her a ring, fatherhood, family, love, and the whole world. She suspects that he uses her as his alibi.
Please note: This title is in Hebrew.
©2005 Smadar Shir; (P)2007 SonicBooks Ltd
"Enjoyed it, but narration is just ok."
Smadar Shir is a great author.
The story is good. Nice characters development about two very different people from different backgrounds in Israeli society. Bringing to life social issues with an entertaining sexy romance, with honesty and humor. And without explicit sex scene, clean language.
Narrator is just not very good: but in this book she is more tolerable. She reads at a slow pace which may be easier to understand for those who listen to this book who are not native Hebrew speakers. Great for developing foreign language skills!
Overall I enjoyed it, Worth a credit!
Report Inappropriate Content
If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action.


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The Hilton Hotels. The one I stayed at was the Hilton Phoenix Airport. 2435 S. 47 Street, 480.894.1600. The hotel itself was newer and beautiful but the surrounding neighborhood is the kind yu wouldn't want to be walking aroundin. Its OK if you will be driving. I'm sure there are other Hiltons in Phoenix that would be good.
I don't know how upscale you want to go, or how long you are staying, but I SERIOUSLY enjoyed my stay at the Arizona Biltmore Resort and Spa. Very price, but very, very accommodating. I felt like a princess there.


text:
Shedding pounds is never easy for overweight individuals and it requires a step-by-step process. There are three major areas they need to focus effort to. This hub will take readers by way of all of them one by one.
Raynaud's syndrome could cause the circulation in your fingers to decrease which further will increase dryness and irritation of the pores and skin. Avoiding emotional stress, chilly, and stimulants similar to espresso can help scale back the symptoms of Raynaud's syndrome. Tuna - mix some tuna with gentle mayo and unfold it on complete grain crackers for a filling healthy snack.
That is the book by Dr. Terry Wahls that explains how she went from a wheelchair to a bicycle by altering her eating habits. She makes use of meals as drugs to deal with her multiple sclerosis and has been in a position to reverse the severity of her symptoms. Do you have meals microwave? In all probability not. And it is not shocking as a result of it is not solely boring, but additionally unhealthy.
It is good to see that you've weightloss info that can be used by males along with ladies. Often the information is immediately geared towards girls and us males feel not noted. A food plan high in fiber can lower bad" ldl cholesterol and supply nutrients that may help defend against heart disease. Typically, it hard to get sufficient greens each and every day, but with recipes like your vegetable smoothies (which look really good!), this could make it so much simpler. Great lens!
The mapbook additionally contains lists of combination meals, in addition to widespread items at some well-liked fast-meals places. If one thing isn't listed, it is not difficult to get a good idea of the parts and group values to map based on what's listed. The intense red strawberries and seasonal mandarin orange slices carry a vibrant cheerful vacation environment to this fundamental salad dish. Stop circling the aisles, pace-scanning the grocery shelves, madly looking for any sugar-free product you'll find-here's your do not-shop-without-it guide to sugar free retailer products!


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- About:
- I have been a vegetarian since 1986. I live in Union County, NJ, with my husband and our two kitties. Author of: "On the Guest List: Adventures of a Music Journalist" I run my own home-based business: www.peartreeenterprises.com
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- Ben Kweller, HIM, The Darkness, Queen, Psychedelic Furs, The Clash
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I joined HappyCow Members Community because:
The moderator is so nice! And I like to explore vegetarian options, especially when traveling.
Here are some places I've been that I liked... and places that I would like to visit one day:
I love The Green Room in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
Some of my favorite veg*n foods include:
Figs, durian, cherimoya, gourmet raw foods, fresh juice,
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Our region specialises in a range of produce such as extra virgin olive oil from local groves within the Wartook Valley, the northern end of the Grampians. Lentils and chickpeas are grown on the Wimmera plains whilst our wheat and grains are baked into local bread. Pure local honey stocks the shelves of many supermarkets and retail outlets.
Mohair, beef, lamb and duck are all produced in our clean fresh country air. Horsham has many fine restaurants, hotel bistros and cafés to choose from for that special holiday dining experience.
Why not visit Norton Estate Wines or Barangaroo Boutique Wines. Both have cellar doors and are nestled between the Grampians and world famous Mt Arapiles.
Norton Estate Wine's 2004 Arapiles Run Shiraz was featured in the James Halliday Top 100. Offering fine quality shiraz, cabernet Sauvignon and Sauvignon blanc, Norton Estate wine's produces some of Australia's finest boutique wines.
Barangaroo Boutique Wines is all about quiet relaxing times with your family and friends. With medal winning wine, great Tuscan landscaped setting. Whilst visiting Barangaroo Boutique wines sample their signature wine, an alternative variety called Vermentino.
You are invited to share the food, wine and locally grown product by discovering farm gate or produce for sale through local cafés or retail outlets.
Horsham and the region's friendly residents have always welcomed visitors to enjoy the natural attractions of the Grampians, Little Desert and Mount Arapiles. Farmers and businesses in the region grown organic vegetables, duck and turkey, premium red and white wine, native wildflowers, cashmere wool, herbs and native trees and shrubs.
Much locally grown produce is sold in cafés and restaurants throughout Horsham or you might find this same product in Melbourne, Adelaide or around the world. We are proud of our locally grown produce and we enjoy sharing with our new friends.


text:
Pull the door panel and look inside for the metal rod that connects the outside handle to the latch mechanism.
Sometimes there is a plastic sleeve end that goes on the metal rod, and it sometimes falls out.
Let us know what you find so we can all get smarter.


text:
Douglas King
Records Manager and Freedom of Information Officer
p. 316.660.9840
525 N. Main
Wichita, KS 67203
The Sheriff's Office Records Section can provide copies of traffic accident reports
worked by Sedgwick County Sheriff deputies – please call Sheriff Records at
316.660.3888 or email a request to firstname.lastname@example.com. For traffic accidents
worked by Wichita Police officers, please visit the
Wichita Police Department Records Bureau webpage.
Adoptees may obtain pre-adoption birth certificates showing birth parents
from the State Office of
Vital Statistics (see contact information at the Birth
and Death records page). The
Kansas Department of Children and Families
provides certain services to adoptees.
Usually, when a requester seeks "all records" about himself/herself or
another person, he/she really wants criminal history information – please see
the Criminal History page.
If a requester is seeking records from multiple departments, then he/should
submit separate requests to each department he/she had contact with, and provide
specific information as to date ranges and nature of the contact, so that
departments can search records.
Sedgwick County Sheriff Records has a procedure for searching its records and
allowing a person to access its records about himself/herself. When a person
needs to obtain a document for government licensing purposes (e.g., nursing,
teaching, etc.), stating outcome of previous arrests or that no arrests are on
record, it may be able to provide a letter that would satisfy such requirements–
please call Sheriff Records at 316-660-3838 or email a request to
email@example.com. Please do not provide personal identifiers such as Social
Security number or date of birth until requested to do so.
See Coroner reports on this page
Please see the Criminal History page.
Sedgwick County Government has no role in the bankruptcy process. Bankruptcy
is a matter handled by U.S. Bankruptcy Courts. Please contact the Clerk of the
U.S. Bankruptcy Court at 316.315.4110
to request bankruptcy records.
View both current and previous Request for Proposals (RFPs) and Requests for
Quotations (RFQs) for Sedgwick County online.
View many
recent and active
contracts relating to human services, financial services and construction
The current and immediate past annual Budgets for County departments are
available on this website under the Finance Division. Previous budgets may be
requested. Recent financial reports are also available under Finance.
Burials and cemetery records
Burial locations are not recorded with county governments in Kansas. Please
see the Genealogical Research page for information about sources for burial
locations and cemetery records.
Minutes of meetings of the Board of County Commissioners are available from
the County Clerk. Video of archived meetings since 2004 are available on the
County website.
The County Coroner (Forensic Science Center) does not determine cause for all
deaths, but only for instances of suspected crime, apparent accidents, certain
unattended deaths and other circumstances required by law. Coroner and autopsy
reports normally will not exist for deaths attended by private physicians.
Since 07/01/1976 the County Coroner has filed reports with the Clerk of
District Court when complete and available to the public. Reports previous to
07/01/1976 were filed with the County Clerk.
Driver license records and motor vehicle registrations are records maintained
by the Kansas Department of Revenue. The request form TR/DL 302 on the
website at lists the conditions for
accessing these records.
If you or your children were immunized by the Sedgwick County Health
Department, then it should have immunization consents which you signed. County
Health will not have records of immunizations administered by your private
doctor, a private clinic, or other private health services provider.
The Sedgwick County Register of Deeds provides a clear explanation of liens
and which kinds of liens are filed with what office:
"Many times the owner of property may owe money to various creditors. The
lien allows creditors a means of preventing the property from either being sold
or mortgaged until the debt is paid. Some of the types of liens recorded in the
Register of Deeds are: Tax Liens (for non-payment of taxes), and Mechanic Liens
(such as repair or work done on a vehicle) are filed in the UCC area of the
Register of Deeds office. Mechanic Liens for labor and materials furnished in
construction on land are filed in the Clerk of the District Court's office.
State sales and state income tax liens are also filed in the Clerk of the
District Court's office."
Sedgwick County Geographic Information Services (SCGIS)
provides both pre-defined and ready-to-print maps, and the capability to make
your own maps at the SCGIS website.
The SCGIS team also provides custom mapping/analysis services for maps not
available on the website. Contact the GIS office at 316.660.9290 to place
requests. Services are provided as time permits.
Multiple Sedgwick County Government departments provide medical services to
the public. Records of identifiable individual persons may only be disclosed to
persons who demonstrate rights to obtain, consistent with State and Federal law.
With only specified exceptions, lists of names and addresses obtained or
derived from public records may not be used for marketing and solicitation
purposes (KSA 45-230). Before providing any such lists Sedgwick County
Government must so inform the requester and may obtain a signed affidavit, in which
the requester acknowledges being informed and agreeing to comply.
Sedgwick County Human Resources can provide information about what any County
elected official or employee is paid.
Graduation and other student records for public schools are maintained by the
individual school districts. Sedgwick County Government has had no involvement
with operating schools since the old County Schools system was ended and the
current unified school districts created in the early 1960s.
Information about how to obtain USD259 student records is available online at
Wichita Public Schools (USD 259) student records
No Sedgwick County Government department has nor maintains lists of monies
received from delinquent property tax sales that exceed delinquent taxes and
penalties due. Nor does any County department receive or maintain full records
of results of tax auction sales.
Kansas law requires county treasurers to initiate tax sales when
delinquencies meet statutory standards by filing appropriate case materials with
State district courts. 18th Judicial District Court directs the Sedgwick County
Sheriff to conduct the tax sale auction. Sheriff retains such records as
documents that it conducted the sale, and submits full records to the 18th
Judicial District Court. 18th Judicial District Court provides to the Treasurer
only amounts required to satisfy delinquent taxes, special assessments and
nuisance abatement fees. 18th Judicial District Court conveys any "excess" or
"unclaimed" funds after sales to the State Treasurer, where they are available
for property owners to claim via the State unclaimed property program at no
cost. Requests for any records that may be available should be directed to 18th
Judicial District Court.
Please see the County Treasurer pages on this website for considerable
information about the delinquent tax foreclosure sale process.
Please see Accident reports.
County Finance can produce lists of vendors and other persons who have not
cashed County checks. However, it first may obtain a signed affidavit from the
requester – please see Names and addresses lists.
Sedgwick County Government does not record wills, nor does it have any
involvement in the probate legal process. These are State District Court matters
– please see the District Court page.
The Mission of
Sedgwick County is to provide quality public services to our community
so everyone can pursue freedom and prosperity in a safe, secure, and
healthy environment.
© Copyright 2014
See our Website Privacy Policy & Legal Disclaimer
and Notice of Privacy Practices Regarding Medical Information.


text:
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FreeWebsiteReport estimates Crazyleds.co.uk for a valuation of
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text:
Illinois Public Media News
In-depth reporting from WILL, NPR, the Associated Press, and other sources
Contact WILL News at email@example.com
University of Illinois
November 17, 2017
Niala Boodhoo/The 21st
November 17, 2017
Live From The Spice House: Expert Cooking Tips For Thanksgiving
Paula Friedrich/WBEZ,Image via AP
November 17, 2017
How 3 Women Want To Make Illinois' Political Future Female
Jacquelyn Martin/AP
November 17, 2017
Illinois Delegation Votes Along Party Lines For House Tax Bill
Rob McColley/Illinois Public Media
November 17, 2017
Illini Men To Face DePaul For First Time Since 1957
Jim Meadows/Illinois Public Media
November 16, 2017
U of I's Police Training Institute To Stay Open In 2018
L. Brian Stauffer/UI News Bureau
November 16, 2017
University of Illinois Board Of Trustees Approves 2018 Budget
Jacquelyn Martin/AP
November 16, 2017
House Approves GOP Tax Overhaul, With Senate Outlook Uncertain
Paulo Valdivieso/Flickr (CC BY-SA 2.0)
November 16, 2017
Clean Energy; The Murder Of Vincent Chin; Local Holiday Gift Ideas; Turtles In Illinois
Page 3 of 1231 pages < 1 2 3 4 5 > Last ›
WILL Newscast audio
NPR News
Zimbabwe's President-To-Be Returns Home After Brief Exile
Earth Increasingly Looks Lit-Up At Night
USA Gymnastics Doctor Pleads Guilty To Assault, Faces Decades In Prison
FCC's Pai: 'Heavy-Handed' Net Neutrality Rules Are Stifling The Internet
U.S. Denounces Violence Against Rohingya As 'Ethnic Cleansing'
Lebanon's Prime Minister, Back From Saudi Arabia, Is Not Resigning After All
Top Stories: U.S. Navy Plane Crashes In Pacific; Uber Data Is Hacked
8 Rescued, 3 Missing After Navy Plane Crashes In Philippine Sea
Uber Data On 57 Million People Stolen In Massive Hack
David Cassidy, Singer And 1970s TV Heartthrob, Dies At 67
More NPR News
WILL Highlights
Mid-American Gardener
Our panel of experts answer questions about lawn and garden care.
Classic Mornings
Get more out of your classical music experience and check out Vic Di Geronimo's blog.
The 21st
21st century radio for the 21st state. Weekdays at 11 am on WILL-AM 580.


text:
A single mother claimed she could not afford to take care of her new born baby she gave birth to decided she would dump it by the road side in the early hours of Tuesday morning.
Barely two hours after giving birth, Ifunanya Eme made the decision to get rid of her baby around 3a.m after she also claimed the child's father ran away from his duties.
Their first clue came when some neighbours alerted the Divisional Police Officer, Alim Musa, a Chief Superintendent of Police, about the pool of blood trickling out of a neighbour's house.
When the police in Ajangbadi Police division in Lagos got to the residence, the suspect was seen recuperating, while the baby was nowhere to be seen. The police questioned her once they confirmed from the neighbours that she was indeed pregnant. Ms Eme, who works as a sales person in a tricycles shop, admitted to the offence.
The suspect, who was paraded at the police command headquarters in Ikeja, Lagos, said although she works as a sales person in a shop that sells tricycles, she claimed she had just gotten the job and that the pay wasn't much.
She said,
Humans sha... Dem don tell una times without number... Use CD!!! Dem no go hear word.... when pikin comes knocking dem go dey do crazy things....."I gave up my daughter because I had no help and my mother is dead. I don't even know the whereabouts of her father."The only thing I know is that he told me he was traveling. Since that day till now, the number he gave me can't be reached.
Don't Forget To Visit http://www.olamzy.com for more news gists...


text:
Please contact our Charlotte audiology department at (704) 295-3300 to see if we carry the batteries for your hearing aid.
Batteries for hearing aids come in a variety of sizes, types and brands. Manufacturers of hearing aid batteries have now color-coded their packaging to make finding your battery easier than ever.
- Size 5 hearing aid batteries are red
- Size 10 or Size 230 hearing aid batteries are yellow
- Size 13 hearing aid batteries are orange
- Size 312 hearing aid batteries are brown
- Size 675 hearing aid batteries are blue
Most hearing aid batteries are "zinc air batteries," which are not activated until you pull off the colored tab. Hearing aid battery life depends on the size of the batteries and how much you use the hearing aid. To get the most life from your batteries, remember to open the door when you aren't wearing your hearing aid. Change the battery when it goes dead or when you hear a low battery warning, and always keep spare batteries with you.
Battery warning: Hearing aid batteries are hazardous if ingested. Keep batteries out of reach of children or animals. Do not store batteries with your medications. If accidentally ingested, please call your primary physician immediately or call the National Battery Ingestion Hotline at 202-625-3333.


text:
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 5, 2007
|Filing date
|Apr 10, 2000
|Priority date
|Apr 5, 2000
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|David S. Wehrle, Carl R. Schumaker, Gregg M. Sichner, John P. Caspers
|Original Assignee
|Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (19), Classifications (21), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application 60/194,717, filed Apr. 5, 2000 and entitled POINTBUS ARCHITECTURE AND AUTOMATIC SEQUENTIAL ADDRESSING, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates generally to control systems, and more particularly to a system and method for providing a sequentially adaptable control system thereby mitigating system costs and configuration requirements.
Control systems are at the core of modern manufacturing. These systems control diverse processes from steel and automotive products to mass distribution products associated with food and beverages, for example. In general, control systems require a processor and related program to direct a related system of Input/Output (I/O) interfaces (e.g., I/O modules) which in turn report and control industrial processes. I/O modules may be selected to perform digital style (e.g., 120V input/output) and/or analog style control (e.g., 4–20 ma input/output), for example. Also, generally associated with control systems are related racks, power supplies and control networks for housing, powering, and communicating with the associated I/O modules.
Over time, industrial system demands have steadily increased. For example, system demands for lower costs and increased flexibility are increasingly necessary for modern factories to compete on the global stage. Lower system costs provide manufacturers with a competitive advantage by realizing a better return on capital investments. Flexibility enables a manufacturer to respond to changing market dynamics as product and sales requirements change. Unfortunately, conventional systems many times are burdensome to install/upgrade and often require manufacturer's to install more system components than necessary. Thus, conventional systems generally do not provide the requisite flexibility and associated lower costs required by modern systems.
As an example of some of the problems associated with conventional systems, consider an initial system design requiring "X" number of associated I/O points. Often times, in order to minimize system costs, I/O points are selected for the smallest possible grouping to control a process. This grouping may likely include a rack to house the I/O, an interface module (e.g., communications/control module) to control and interact with the I/O, and associated power supply to power the system. If the system were designed initially to provide future expansion, empty rack positions and/or additional rack/power/interface components may then need to be maintained in order to provide for future system requirements. If the system were designed only for initial I/O requirements, additional racks, power supplies and interface modules are likely to be added to accommodate future requirements. In either case, system costs are initially higher to account for future expansion requirements, and/or higher in the future to add system requirements. Consequently, conventional systems generally require either higher initial and/or future costs in order to provide ever changing system capabilities.
Another problem associated with conventional systems is related to configuration requirements. Often, when systems are initially installed and/or upgraded, significant configurations are required to add additional I/O groupings. These requirements may include adding a rack number (e.g., number of a network adapter) to a network list, defining additional I/O requirements, programming additional memory to receive the I/O and potentially setting switches related thereto. Furthermore, system wiring such as communications and power cables generally increase. These additional steps will likely increase system installation and maintenance costs.
Due to cost and flexibility issues associated with conventional control systems, there is a strong need in the art for an improved system for mitigating system costs and providing a flexible and economical system for future expansion requirements.
The present invention relates to an improved system and method for providing a flexible and lower cost control system. Lower system costs and flexibility are provided by a sequentially adaptable system of associated modules wherein I/O may be incrementally added to a system. Sequential adaptability enables modules to communicate over a standard network interface without the need for an associated I/O rack and/or additional communications modules thereby mitigating system costs. Flexibility, cost, and configuration requirements are improved by enabling a manufacturer to initially install a precise amount of I/O, and subsequently add related modules to an existing set of operatively coupled modules.
More specifically, the present invention provides a PointBus architecture and addressing protocol to enable systems to be grouped according to more precise I/O requirements and to enable systems to be incrementally expanded without substantially increasing system costs. For example, a system may initially include a grouping of associated I/O modules. An additional I/O module may be added to, and automatically become part of the initial grouping merely by being placed in relation to the existing module set (e.g., to the right of the existing set) and becoming operatively coupled thereto. This may be achieved, for example, by enabling modules to fixably attach to a previous module and subsequently establish network communications. Thus, additional rack and communications requirements are mitigated. Communications may be achieved by providing a network interface (e.g., DeviceNet, EtherNet, ControlNet etc.) to communicate with the I/O modules. A protocol in accordance with the present invention may then be provided to sequentially enable subsequent modules to communicate with the network interface upon becoming attached thereto.
As described above, modules may become part of the control system in a sequential manner. Under initial power conditions, a first module may become initialized for network operations by receiving an input in accordance with the protocol described above. After network communications have been established for the first module, an output from the first module enables a second module to become network operational. In this manner, modules may be sequentially added to a system as requirements change. Thus, systems may be designed for both present and/or future expansion requirements in economical manner.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a system is provided for automatically configuring I/O devices. The system includes a means for determining physical locations of the I/O devices with respect to one another, and a means for assigning node addresses to each I/O device, each assigned node address corresponds to the physical location of the respective I/O devices.
In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, a system is provided for automatically configuring I/O devices. The system includes: a plurality of I/O devices operatively coupled to each other; a sub-system for determining physical locations of the I/O devices with respect to one another, the sub-system assigns node addresses to each I/O device—each assigned node address corresponds to the physical location of the respective I/O devices.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a methodology is provided for automatically configuring I/O devices. The methodology includes determining physical locations of the I/O devices with respect to one another, and assigning node addresses to each I/O device wherein each assigned node address corresponds to the physical location of the respective I/O devices.
According to another aspect of the present invention, an adaptable control system is provided. The control system includes a physical media for providing communications to at least one I/O module, and a first protocol for enabling at least one I/O module to receive the network communications. A second protocol provides the network communications to the at least one I/O module.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for providing an adaptable control system. Network communications are received via an interface. At least one I/O module is sequentially enabled to receive the network communications from the interface; and at least one other I/O module is enabled to form an I/O group.
Yet another aspect of the invention relates to an adaptable control system, comprising: means for receiving network communications; means for sequentially enabling at least one I/O module to receive the network communications; and means for enabling the at least one other I/O module to receive a network address after determining the network address for the at least one I/O module.
To the accomplishment of the foregoing and related ends, the invention then, comprises the features hereinafter fully described. The following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative aspects of the invention. These aspects are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of the invention may be employed and the present invention is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. Other advantages and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the invention when considered in conjunction with the drawings.
The present invention is now described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout.
In accordance with the present invention, a system and method provides an improved control system to enable a user to build a precise I/O system while mitigating the need to add racks, communications, and power supplies. This provides the user with a more granular I/O system while reducing node connection costs when additional I/O points are desired. As will be described in more detail below, a PointBus interface provides for an adaptable system wherein a standard network interface may be employed to communicate and control individual modules.
Referring initially to
As illustrated in
After a desired module has been positioned, operative couplings are thereby established via the PointBus architecture 26. The PointBus 26 provides a system wherein modules may be sequentially enabled (e.g., from left to right) from an adjacent module. For example, module 20 a may be enabled from the interface 20. Module 20 b may then be subsequently enabled via module 20 a and so forth. As will be described in more detail below, the bus 28 establishes automatic sequential addressing in accordance with the present invention wherein each module may first become configured on the network 24 and then subsequently enable a succeeding module to become network operational.
The PointBus architecture 26 utilizes a communication system 24 (e.g., DeviceNet, ControlNet) that may be employed to provide the exchange of data and messages between the interface 20 and I/O modules adapted thereto. The architecture 26 may also include: a physical media such as a printed circuit board within the I/O modules with associated copper tracework; metal connectors for PointBus communication between modules; field power distribution; data that may consist of embedded DeviceNet messages and services per Layers 1, 2 and 7 of the ODVA (Open DeviceNet Vendors Association) specification; a modification of the CAN (e.g., DeviceNet specific signals) Physical Signaling Layer to provide sequential addressing for modules to communicate with each other; and a set of Point I/O specific messages and services, described below. It is to be appreciated that although DeviceNet may be employed to provide system communications 24, other communications systems such as EtherNet and/or ControlNet, for example, may be suitably adapted.
Referring now to
The Vcc 26 a and Ground 26 b may supply power for the digital circuitry on associated I/O modules 20 a–20 c, and the voltage may be a regulated 5 volts at 1 A, for example. The CAN_H 26 c and CAN_L 26 d may be connected to a DeviceNet transceiver chip, for example, (not shown) in each I/O module. The bus 28, as shown in
The bus 28 may function as an input line from a connector (not shown) found on the left side of the I/O modules 20 a–20 c, and as an output line to a connector (not shown) on the right side of the modules. Messages may be passed sequentially from left to right, and it is generally assumed that the when a message is received by a module via the bus 28 that the signal originated from the module to the left.
In accordance with the present invention, the bus 28 may enable a single module at a time to communicate on the PointBus 26 during initial power up. When a module 20 a–20 c powers up, it may assert (e.g., pull high) a serial output (e.g., right) line 28 b. When a serial input (e.g, left) line 28 a goes low, a module 20 a–20 c may be enabled to begin the process of obtaining a Node Address on the PointBus 26. This may occur for example, when a module has successfully passed a Duplicate MAC ID check (e.g., DeviceNet command), thereafter, the module may then pull its output line 28 b low. At power up, a module may assert its output line 28 b as soon as possible. It then may wait about 1 second before examining its serial input line 28 a. If the serial line 28 a is asserted high, there is an adjacent module (to the left) that is being configured.
The Field Power Bus, as described above, may consist of two conductors (+V and COMMON) with the following ratings:
Voltage Range
5 to 125 Vdc
24 to 240 Vac
It is to be appreciated that other ratings may be selected.
I/O modules 20 a–20 c may support the DeviceNet Specification for layers 1, 2 and 7 (except for the Physical Layer), for example, and modules on PointBus architecture 26 may operate as a single DeviceNet node. It is to be appreciated that the I/O modules 20 a–20 c may include a processor 32 adapted to communicate with the PointBus architecture 26. The processor 32 may be configured via an EEPROM (not shown), for example, and may include various other support circuitry such as RAM, timers and counters as is well understood in the art.
Turning now to
At step 100, a module may assert its output line 28 b within about 300 ms after power is applied. At step 104, and after about 1 second, the input line 28 a may be examined to check if the input 28 a is asserted. If the input 28 a is asserted, the module continues in idle and unconfigured mode and returns to step 104. If the input 28 a is not asserted the process proceeds to step 108.
At step 108, a Duplicate MAC ID broadcast is commenced. (e.g., Check Node 63). At step 112, if the Duplicate MAC ID Check is not successful, the process proceeds to step 116 and remains in a bus-off condition, continues to assert the output 28 b and may wait for Group 4 messages.
If the Duplicate MAC ID was successful at step 112, the process goes into a Standby State at step 120 and proceeds to Wait for MAC ID to be changed at step 120. If the MAC ID has changed at step 120, the process proceeds to step 124. If the MAC ID has not changed at step 120, the process proceeds back to step 120. At step 124, Duplicate MAC Check is performed on the new ID and the serial output 28 b may be de-asserted. If Duplicate MAC ID is successful and no other configuration data are needed, the module becomes operational and may go to the on-line state on the PointBus 26.
Referring now to
At step 130, a module may assert its output line 28 b within about 300 ms after power is applied. At step 134, and after about 1 second, the input line 28 a may be examined to check if the input 28 a is asserted. If the input 28 a is asserted, the module continues in idle and unconfigured mode and returns to step 134. If the input 28 a is not asserted the process proceeds to step 138. At step 138, Duplicate MAC ID is checked for an assigned node (e.g., not 63). If the Duplicate MAC ID is not successful at step 138, the process proceeds back to step 138 to check for MAC ID. If the check was successful at step 138, the process proceeds to step 142. At step 142, output 28 b is de-asserted. If Duplicate MAC ID was successful and no other configuration data are needed at step 142, the module may become operational and may go to the on-line state on the PointBus 26.
It is noted that, failing a Duplicate MAC ID does not effect the output line 28 b. It may still be pulled low, enabling a neighbor module. In unconfigured mode, however, if the module fails Duplicate MAC ID (e.g., someone else owns Node 63), the output line 28 b may be held high.
After performing one of the above processes, a module may become an 'on-line module' and may operate on the PointBus 26. If the input line 28 a suddenly is asserted, a module's response may be to reflect the state on the output 28 b. Likewise, if the input line 28 a goes low, a module's response may be to pull the output line 28 b low.
Turning now to
In accordance with the power monitor function, described above, the interface 20 may monitor a DeviceNet 24 VDC line 156—if it drops below about 10 VDC, the DC/DC converter 150 may be turned off. Thus, if DeviceNet power 156 goes down, I/O modules are precluded from communicating over an invalid network.
In accordance with the power protection function 154, described above, the interface 20 may be protected from reverse wiring at field power terminals 154 a and 154 b. It is noted that the input voltage to the DC/DC converter is about 10 to 28.8 VDC, and the output may be regulated at about 5 VDC and 1 A.
I/O modules may be addressed by the interface 20 similar to DeviceNet modules. A master (not shown) may assign each of module an address and provide configuration data. As shown, the interface 20 pulls the bus line 28 low. This will enable the first I/O module (e.g., to the right of the interface 20) to go on the DeviceNet network. If the module next to the interface 20 is already commissioned with a network ID, that module will pull its bus line 28 low. Therefore, in a configured system, each module may serially attach to the network, one-at-a-time, starting with the module next to the interface 20.
If each module is 'new' (node addresses are set to 63), then the interface 20 will enable the first module. The first module may then broadcast its Duplicate MAC ID message (node 63) and wait for the message to be changed before enabling a neighbor module. Consequently, in an unconfigured system, a single module may be on the network at node 63 at one time.
Now referring to
Referring now to
The adapter 20′, when acting as a master, creates a node list 184 of all the slaves on the PointBus network. A user may prefer to have the node list 184 organized by physical location (e.g., the first node in the list is next to the adapter 20′, the second is next to the first, and so on). To make the node list 184, the adapter 20′ will utilize the bus line 28 described above.
Turing now to
At step 216, if the MAC ID of the first module is not, for example, 63 then the node address will be added to the Node List 184 at step 220. It is noted, if another module announces that an address has been taken, the adapter 20′ will know that a module exists at that location, but may have an error. If the MAC ID is 63 at step 216, then the address needs to be reassigned at step 224. The adapter 20′ may change the module network address to the next lowest unused address. At step 228, the new address is added to the Node List 184. The process continues to build the Node List 184 as described above until 'all is quiet' (no Duplicate MAC ID Checks) for about 2 seconds.
The node lists 184 that are created describe which I/O modules are connected to the adapter 20′ and is generally in the order—based on physical distance from the adapter 20′. After the node list 184 has been constructed, if the adapter 20′ hears another Duplicate MAC ID check, it may then add this node to the bottom of an unordered DeviceNet Node List (not shown).
Referring now to
In accordance with a DeviceNet protocol, for example, which is well understood in the art, the following attributes, services, and instance attributes may be employed to provide a network protocol 220 to associated I/O modules.
Class Attributes: May include the following DeviceNet definitions.
Access DeviceNet Semantics Num Implementation Rule Name Data Type Description of Values 1 Required Get Revision USINT Revision of The current value this object. assigned to this attribute is two. If updates that require an increase in this value are made, then the value of this attribute may increase by one.
Class Services: May include the following DeviceNet definitions.
Service Service Code Implementation Service Name Description 0Ehex Required Get_Attribute_Single Used to read a Point- Bus Class attribute value. This service may be required to be supported if any of the PointBus Class attri- butes are supported.
Instance Attributes: May include the following DeviceNet definitions.
Data Type
of Values
Modules sequently transmit
See "Semantics"
single DupMAC request
Quick Connect
Set Quick Connect option for
See "Semantics"
multiple nodes.
Conditional 2
IO Module Auto-
Automatically re-address
See "Semantics"
neighboring PointIO modules.
Conditional 1
Adapter Auto-
Automatically re-address
See "Semantics"
neighboring PointIO modules.
Baud Rate
Set baud rate for multiple nodes.
See "Semantics"
Auto Baud
Set Autobaud mode for multiple
See "Semantics"
Conditional 1
Physical Order
Current list of nodes attached to
See "Semantics"
ADN, ordered by physical
Conditional 1
Physical List
Status of last physically ordered
See "Semantics"
Acquire Status
list acquisition started by ADN.
Conditional 1
Physical Order
MACID of first failure in
See "Semantics"
Failed Node
Conditional 2
Configuration Assembly for
See "Semantics"
Generic Master Mode.
Conditional 2
GMM Channel
Generic Master can collect
See "Semantics"
channel status
Reset EEPROM
Neighboring module's
See "Semantics"
EEPROM is reset
section must be in
power-up fail
1 Attributes 4, 7, 8 and 9 may be supported by Adapter modules.
2 Attributes 3 and 10 may be supported by I/O modules.
Below is a semantic definition from the table provided above.
DupMAC Request (Attribute 1)
Values of 0 or 1 are valid for the SET_SINGLE service. A value of 0 results in no action taken by the node. A value of 1 causes a DupMAC Request Message to be transmitted before a 16-bit value is transmitted on the bus line 28 to the next IO module. This feature may be utilized to determine the ordering of nodes currently present on the PointBus 26.
A value of 0 is returned by I/O modules for GET_SINGLE requests.
Data Action 0 Do Nothing 1 Transmit DupMAC Request Message - broadcast
Quick Connect (Attribute 2)
Values of 0, 1, or 2 are valid for the SET_SINGLE service. A value of 0 results in no action taken by the module. A value of 2 enables the Quick Connect feature for the receiving node and nodes to the right of the module, while a value of 1 disables the feature.
Data Action 0 Do Nothing 1 Disable Quick Connect - broadcast 2 Enable Quick Connect - broadcast
A value of 0 is returned by I/O modules for GET_SINGLE requests.
I/O Module Autoaddress (Attribute 3)
Values of 0 or 1 are valid for the SET_SINGLE service. If the module has I/O connections allocated that are not in the IDLE state, an INVALID_SERVICE_FOR_OBJECT_STATE error message is returned. A value of 0 results in no action taken by the node. A value of 1 causes a 16-bit value to be transmitted on the bus line 28 to the next IO module. Within the 16-bit value is a field indicating the sender's MAC ID plus one. The receiving module may then change its MAC ID to be that which was received, and then inform its neighbor of its new MAC ID, before resetting itself.
A value of 0 is returned for GET_SINGLE requests.
Adapter Autoaddress (Attribute 4)
Values of 0 to 63 are valid for the SET_SINGLE service. If an Adapter has PointBus I/O connections allocated that are not in the IDLE state, an INVALID_SERVICE_FOR_OBJECT_STATE error message is returned. The received MAC ID value is then transmitted on the bus line 28 to the next I/O module. Within the 16-bit value is a field indicating the sender's MAC ID. The Autoaddressing function propagates itself until the rightmost I/O module has been reached.
A value of 0 is returned for GET_SINGLE requests.
Baud Rate (Attribute 5)
The values for this attribute are different for Adapters and I/O modules: Values of 0 through 3 are valid for SET_SINGLE service for both Adapters and I/O modules. Values 1, 2, and 3 correspond with baud rates 125K, 250K and 500K, respectively. A value of 0 results in no action taken by the node. As with the setting of the DeviceNet Object's BAUD RATE attribute, a module reset does not occur automatically after performing a SET_SINGLE service to this attribute. An additional value of 0xAB may be accepted by the Adapter, representing a baud rate of 1 Megabaud on the PointBus 26. After accepting the value 0xAB, the Adapter may inform the I/O modules to enable autobaud via the bus 28. An I/O module may reject the value 0xAB with the error code INVALID_ATTRIBUTE_VALUE. Although the I/O modules are capable of communicating over CAN lines at 1 Megabaud, due to ODVA compliancy reasons this baud rate may not be directly settable.
Do Nothing
125k - broadcast
250k - broadcast
500k - broadcast
1 M - broadcast (adapters)
If the module has any I/O connections allocated that are not in the IDLE state, an INVALID_SERVICE_FOR_OBJECT_STATE error message is returned. A value of 0 is returned for GET_SINGLE requests.
Auto Baud Disable (Attribute 6)
Values of 0, 1, or 2 are valid for the SET_SINGLE service. A value of 1 disables the Auto Baud feature for the receiving node and nodes to the right of the receiving node, while a value of 2 enables the feature.
Data Action 0 Do Nothing 1 Disable Auto Baud 2 Enable Auto Baud
A value of 0 is returned for GET_SINGLE requests.
Physical Order List (Attribute 7)
This list represents a user-approved ordering of I/O modules presently defined to be found on a given I/O system. Note that only the order of the modules is represented, not the actual location of each module. The list may be stored in non-volatile memory. After the initial device initialization phase, which occurs after power-up, the Adapter may verify the physical ordering of the present devices.
Physical List Acquire Status (Attribute 8)
The following values may be returned for GET_SINGLE requests:
Value Name Description 0 IDLE No acquisitions are in process and no list is available. 1 BUSY Adapter in process of acquiring a physical order list. 2 DONE Adapter is finished acquiring a physical order list. 3 DONE_FAIL Adapter finished acquiring list with failed node.
Physical Order Failed Node (Attribute 9)
This value indicates which physical location has been detected as having a failure. When a failure has been detected, the Adapter may periodically recheck the system until the problem has been corrected. A value of 0xFF indicates that currently no physical ordering failures are observed within the system.
GMM_Config—1 Assembly (Attribute 10)
This attribute provides a method for a non-DeviceNet adapter to configure an I/O module. A block of configuration data sent to the Adapter by its host may be sent along to the I/O module without any knowledge of the contents or format of the data.
GMM Channel Status (Attribute 11)
The data field in the SET_SINGLE request message defines which data is returned in the response. If data field length is zero, the Point Channel Status block is returned. Each bit represents one channel. The message is as long as required to transmit one bit per channel. If a bit is set, an error may exist in that channel.
2 Channels - 1 byte long
4 Channels - 1 byte long
16 Channels - 2 bytes long
If there is a channel error, this bit will be set. To find the error code for a channel, the adapter may query the Channel Status Word (see below). When the channel status is read, a New Channel Status (NCS) in a Point Status Byte (a byte added to the end of each produced I/O message when in GMM described below) may be cleared until a channel's error status changes.
To obtain the Channel Status Word, the channel number may be included in the data field. The message returned is one word containing the error code for the channel.
The word may be defined as:
Bit 7
Bit 6
Bit 5
Bit 4
Bit 3
Bit 2
Bit 1
Bit 0
Channel Number
Channel Type
Error Code
Channel Direction
Channel Type
1 bit
2 bit
4 bit
1 byte
1 word
2 words
Error Code
No Error
Short Circuit
Under Voltage
Over Voltage
Over Temperature
Wire Break
Upper Limit Exceeded
Lower Limit Exceeded
General Error
Configuration Error
Note: Attempting to read a CSW that does not exist may result in an error message (object state conflict).
Reset EEPROM (Attribute 0xEE)
When this data field is set to 1 (0 may be ignored), the module may send a Reset EEPROM command along the serial line. Only the neighbor module may reset the EEPROM, not the module receiving the message. The neighbor does not re-transmit the Reset EEPROM message along the serial line.
A value of 0 is always returned by a GET_SINGLE request.
1.5 Instance Services
Service Name
Used to simulate a
power cycle by the
received node. Before
resetting, the node
passes a reset mes-
sage to its neighbor,
which will do like-
wise. Can be used to
reset an entire PointIO
system with one
0 = soft reset
(or no data field)
1 = Out-o-Box Reset
Returns the contents of
the specified attribute.
Modifies an attribute.
The point protocol 210 described above in relation to
If a message is received requesting a configuration change, the module may ignore the request and not propagate it to its neighbor if the module has any I/O connections that are not in an IDLE state. Before initiating a request with the point protocol 210, the user/operator may take steps to ensure that the proper nodes will be able to complete the operation.
The following packet may transmitted in a bitwise fashion over the output pin 28 b (e.g., Sync Bit may be transmitted first):
Point Protocol Packet
Explanation of Bit Fields Sync Bit This bit signals the neighboring module that a command is being transmitted. Size Bit This bit specifies whether the packet length is 16 or 32 bits in length. A value of 0 indicates a length of 16. Currently no messages requiring a 32-bit packet have been identified. The format of the additional 16 bits is command specific. Command Command issued. Data Command-specific data. CRC 3-bit CRC = inverse of remainder of division of 12-bit quantity of Size/Command/Data fields by 8.
Bit Transmission Timing
I/O modules may include a 1 ms timer interrupt. Within the associated interrupt service routine (ISR), any transmission or reception of bits via the output 28 b and input 28 a may occur. As a module's timer ISR may be up to about 1 ms out of phase with its neighbor's, the following process may be implemented.
Each bit may be transmitted 3 times by the ISR, resulting in each bit having about 3 ms on the wire. When a module first detects that a bus packet is being transmitted by its neighbor (by sensing a high level on the input 28 a), it may wait for the next interrupt and then begin the process of storing 16 bits received every third interrupt. This substantially guarantees that the value read will be within the middle third of each bit's transmission time. After all 16 bits have been sampled and stored, both the Sync and CRC fields are verified, and the Size bit is checked to determine if 16 additional bits are to be sampled. If all tests pass, the Command and MAC ID fields may then be processed. Bits may be left-shifted onto the bus 28 by the transmitting module. The received (sampled) message may be disqualified and ignored if it fails the CRC test.
The following table indicates the commands currently supported. It is assumed that the Size Bit=0.
Command Code
Command Name
Data Field
Generic Broadcast
Evokes behavior or changes
0x00 - Transmit one DupMAC request message.
configuration for each
0x01 - Reset. Emulate power cycle.
0x02 - Baud Rate = 125K
0x03 - Baud Rate = 250K
0x04 - Baud Rate = 500K
0x05 - Turn off Autobaud
0x06 - Turn on Autobaud
0x07 - Turn off Quick Connect feature.
0x08 - Turn on Quick Connect feature.
0x09 - Out-o-Box Reset
0x10 - Reset EEPROM Checksum
Automatically assign node
New MAC ID for PointIO module. Each module
addresses increasing from
must add one to received MAC ID, and transmit
left to right.
message to its neighbor.
Generic Master
Automatically assign node
New MAC ID for PointIO module. Each module
addresses increasing from
must add one to received MAC ID, and transmit
left to right, while also
message to its neighbor.
causing each module's
behavior to change to
accommodate a non-DeviceNet
If a message is received requesting a change in MAC ID and/or baud rate behavior, the module may ignore the request and not propagate it to its neighbor if the module has any I/O connections that are not in IDLE state.
Reset EEPROM Checksum
If a module fails power-up (possibly due to an EEPROM Checksum mismatch) the checksum may be re-computed. The message will not be transmitted to the neighbor.
Generic Master (GM) Mode
Generic Master (GM) Mode, which is applicable to I/O modules, enables a group of I/O modules to present I/O data in a uniform format to an adapter. This mode may be utilized when the adapter is providing connectivity to a network that is not a core control network such as DeviceNet and ControlNet. Upon entering this mode, each I/O module may present its I/O data in a consistent fashion, with a final byte of data representing module status information, referred to as the Point Status Byte (PSB). By examining this byte, the adapter may compile status information about the module by reading the GMM Channel Status.
Generic Master Mode may be entered when the SET_SINGLE service for attribute GMM_Config—1_Assembly. In other words, if an I/O module has no configuration data, the adapter may send the SET_SINGLE service for attribute GMM_Config—1_Assembly of the PointBus object.
Upon receiving the Generic Master Mode on the input 28 a, each module may execute the following process:
Upon receiving the SET_SINGLE service for attribute GMM_Config—1_Assembly attribute, each module's application objects may reset all device-specific configurable features before setting those specified in a data portion of the message.
In Generic Master Mode, appended to the end of each produced message may be the Point Status Byte. The PSB is defined as:
EB Error Bit
When set, an error exits.
NCS New Channel Status
The bit may be set when a channel's error status has changed. Either a new error has been detected or an existing error has cleared. The bit may be cleared when the Point Channel Status block has been read.
What has been described above are preferred aspects of the present invention. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the present invention, but one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the present invention are possible. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 13, 2000
Owner name: ROCKWELL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:WEHRLE, DAVID S.;SCHUMAKER, CARL R.;SICHNER, GREGG M.;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:010960/0199;SIGNING DATES FROM 20000427 TO 20000508
|Dec 6, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Dec 5, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Feb 24, 2016
Owner name: ROCKWELL AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGIES, INC., OHIO
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ROCKWELL TECHNOLOGIES, LLC;REEL/FRAME:037817/0304
Effective date: 20010628


text:
When Eggleston's photographs were first exhibited in 1976, they provoked a critical response that ranged from admiration to outright condemnation. His medium, subject matter, and compositional style broke from established conventions of what constituted fine art photography, and his project - although visually compelling - was hard to summarize. Keller looks at why Eggleston's pictures remain so difficult to talk about critically, and why they continue to resonate so powerfully today.
William Eggleston: At War with the Obvious
Related Exhibition William Eggleston
Tuesday, October 05, 2004, 12:00 p.m.
Phyllis Wattis Theater
Corey Keller, assistant curator of photography, SFMOMA


text:
- English
- français
Identification of the minimal promoter region of the mouse NKX5-3, a transcription factor implicated in eye development
Early ocular development is controlled by a complex network of transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, and diffusible signalling molecules. Together, these molecules regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis, and specify retinal fate. NKX5-3 is a homeobox transcription factor implicated in eye development. The analysis of the 5'-flanking region of the mouse Nkx5-3 gene revealed a predicted TATA-less promoter sequence between -416 and - 166 of the translation start site. To functionally characterise NW-3 promoter activity serial deletions of the promoter sequence were introduced in pGL-3 basic vector and promoter activity of these 5'- and 3'-deleted constructions was tested in HeLa and CHO cells. Transactivation assays identified a region between -350 and -296 exhibiting promoter-like activity. Combined analysis by deletions and point mutations showed that this sequence, containing multiple Spl binding sites was necessary to promote transcriptional activity. Binding of Spl to this region was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation, using an antibody specific for Spl. Altogether, these results demonstrated that the immediate upstream region of Nkx5-3 gene possessed a strong intrinsic promoter activity in vitro, suggesting a potential role in Nkx5-3 transcription in vivo. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- doi:10.1016/j.gene.2007.12.020
- View record in Web of Science
Keywords: TATA-less promoter ; homeobox family ; Spl transcription factor ; Transactivation assay ; Homeobox Gene Family ; Factor-Binding Sites ; Embryonic-Development ; Sp1 Phosphorylation ; Sensory Organs ; Factor Ap-2 ; Expression ; Mice ; Morphogenesis ; Vertebrates
Record created on 2010-11-30, modified on 2017-05-12
Related material
- SV - Unattributed publications


text:
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