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Regent Review 10: Question Preview (ID: 31827)
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Austria-Hungary's ultimatum to Serbia in 1914 and the United States military actions in Afghanistan beginning in 2001 are both reactions to acts of
a) imperialism
b) isolationism
c) communism
d) terrorism
The Russian adoption of Orthodox Christianity and of the Cyrillic alphabet demonstrates the
a) impact of Ibn Battuta's travels
b) role of the printing press during the Reformation
c) leadership of Peter the Great
d) influence of the Byzantine Empire
One way in which the Indian leaders Asoka and Akbar the Great are similar is that they are both best known for promoting
a) religious toleration
b) enslavement of prisoners
c) special taxes for Hindus
d) the spread of Buddhism
The practices of allowing animals to overgraze grasses and shrubs and of clearing trees to use for fuel have caused
a) coastal pollution
b) desertification
c) acid rain
d) desalination
In the late 1970s, the Chinese government created the one-child policy because its leaders realized that there is a direct relationship between population growth and
a) military strength
b) economic development
c) social mobility
d) political toleration
A major obstacle to creating policies that address the issue of global warming is the conflict between
a) migrant labor and native workers
b) socialist governments and democratic governments
c) nations possessing nuclear weapons and those without
d) economic development and environmental protection
Vietcong disappeared into jungle cover. • Sandstorms halted helicopter flights in Iraq. • Afghan mountain caves sheltered Osama bin Laden. Which generalization can best be applied to these situations?
a) Advanced technology ensures victory.
b) Religious tensions often promote disagreements
c) Most military confrontations involve biological weapons
d) Geography often has an influence on the course of a conflict.
During the Cold War, India's decision to support neither the United States nor the Soviet Union was based on its policy of
a) nonalignment
b) isolationism
c) containment
d) separatism
The Soviet Union's response to the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was to create the
a) Marshall Plan
b) Warsaw Pact
c) Truman Doctrine
d) European Union
Which statement about the impact of geography on the culture and history of the Middle East region in the 20th century is most accurate?
a) Deserts have prevented military invasions
b) The uneven distribution of resources has led to conflict.
c) The abundance of water has contributed to agricultural self-sufficiency
d) Mountains have halted cultural diffusion
Which of these events that occurred in the Soviet Union was a direct cause of the other three?
a) famine in Ukraine
b) implementation of five-year plans
c) establishment of collective farms
d) development of heavy industry
Extreme nationalism, individuals existing for the good of the state, and unquestioning loyalty to the leader are the defining characteristics of
a) fascism
b) liberalism
c) democracy
d) theocracy
What was the main goal of Zionism?
a) forming a representative government in China
b) establishing a Jewish homeland in the region of Palestine
c) improving the standard of living in developing countries
d) creating an international peacekeeping organization to solve global conflicts
The Haitian Revolution and the Sepoy Rebellion happened in response to
a) European colonial policies
b) indigenous ethnic rivalries
c) urban development
d) religious divisions
• 1791—Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female Citizen (France) • 1829—Prohibition of sati (India) • 1857, 1882—Married Women's Property Acts (Great Britain) Which change in perception is suggested by these international developments regard
a) a decrease in political power for women
b) a decline in the economic status of women
c) a growing concern for the treatment of women
d) an increase in the global exploitation of women
Which statement best describes a consequence of Napoleon's failure to understand Russian geography?
a) Rough waters in the Baltic Sea destroyed his fleet.
b) A harsh winter cut off his army from needed supplies.
c) His armies could not cross the high Ural Mountains.
d) A long period of high temperatures and lack of water overcame his troops.
In which way did the geographic diversity of Latin America affect newly independent countries?
a) limiting the military power of Creoles
b) forcing the Church to guarantee land reform
c) making political unity difficult
d) necessitating a reliance on Spain
In which way did the ideas of the Enlightenment influence the French Revolution?
a) Superstition and ignorance were promoted.
b) the principles of mercantilism were glorified
c) The divine right theory of kings was challenged
d) Punishments for criminal acts were rooted in vengeance
Which leaders are most directly associated with the Cuban Revolution of 1959?
a) Emiliano Zapata and Francisco Villa
b) Juan Perón and Hugo Chávez
c) Fidel Castro and Che Guevara
d) Bernardo O'Higgins and Miguel Hidalgo
Which event sparked the outbreak of World War I?
a) attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan
b) Germany's invasion of Poland
c) Bolshevik coup d'état in Russia
d) assassination of the Austrian Archduke
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text: On Mon, Jun 23, 2003 at 03:25:39PM -0700, Larry Colen wrote: > > Good news, it looks like homeowners insurance will buy me a > "comparable" laptop to replacey my Gateway Liberty. I hope that they > don't require my new one to be a 486. :) > > What I would be looking for is a small notebook, the Liberty was about > 8 1/2 x 11 that runs well on Linux. Insurance would want it to be a > "base model" as the Liberty didn't have a lot of features, besides > its small size. > > Reccomendations? Units to avoid? What price range? I suspect that'll be a very important factor... -- Jeremy D. Zawodny | Perl, Web, MySQL, Linux Magazine, Yahoo! <email@example.com> | http://jeremy.zawodny.com/

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
75 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Take a few-days trip to Portugal and enjoy the hospitality of Casa dos Lagos Braga. The hotel is offering nine tastefully furnished rooms to those seeking accommodation in Braga. Should you be arriving by car, parking will be available nearby. You may take a car rental service to check the most important tourist attractions. Wireless Internet connection (WiFi) is available at the hotel, enabling portable devices and smartphones to go online. You can find the exact list of services provided by Casa dos Lagos Braga (including those for extra fees) and the exact equipment of the rooms on the information sheet below.
Payment Depending on the selected date, room and price, you may need to provide credit card guarantee or advance bank card payment to finalize your reservation.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest time of check-in is 14:00, the latest time of check-out is 12:00. You will be able to speak with the personnel in Portuguese and English languages.
Casa dos Lagos Braga rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
Car rental nearby
- Pool (Outdoor - seasonally open)
Hairdryer, Tea/coffee-maker


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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 28, 2009
|Filing date
|Dec 4, 2003
|Priority date
|Dec 4, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Joerg Ulrich Fontius
|Original Assignee
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (9), Classifications (22), Legal Events (6)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention concerns an input system for orientation in a visualization of three-dimensional data sets, as well as a method for visualization of data points of a three-dimensional data set; the invention also concerns a representation device to represent such a visualization; moreover, the invention concerns a method to operate an imaging medical examination device and a method for graphical positioning of a slice to be measured by means of an imaging medical examination device in a three-dimensional data set of a preparation measurement.
The acquisition, representation and processing of three-dimensional data sets becomes significantly more important with increasing computing capacity of modern computers, since now spatial data with high data density (i.e. high resolution) can also be acquired, displayed and processed. In modern imaging medical examination devices, the advance in the development of such devices goes directly hand in hand with the possibility of an adequate representation and evaluation of the medical data. This is, for example, the case with the large medical devices in computer tomography or magnetic resonance tomography, or in the field of ultrasound sonography. Thus, for example, the acquisition of high-resolution angiography data primarily makes possible precise medical procedures.
Until now, the representation of such three-dimensional data sets has occurred in various ways. On the one hand, two-dimensional slice images or cross-sections were shown on conventional monitors. The third dimension was indirectly shown by the possibility of the display ("riffle-throughs") of various slices. On the other hand, there is the possibility of the perspective representation, whereby this must be calculated from the three-dimensional data sets. A virtual 3D subject shown in such a manner can then be considered from various directions via a computer-controlled rotation, meaning via a change of the perspective origin. This type of 3D representation can be transmitted to projection systems.
Another type of representation is based on what are known as 3D glasses, which effect a three-dimensional image for the observer. A further development leads to a three-dimensional representation in what is known as cyberspace. Three-dimensional data are thereby imported into a data helmet with data glasses. A spatial effect is conveyed to the viewer that is close to reality due to the fact that the position of the observer (given by the position of the data helmet) is taken into account in the representation of the three-dimensional data set.
Volumetric monitors take up an exceptional amount of room. An example is the 3D monitor by the company Actuality Systems that generates a real three-dimensional image of a subject to be imaged. A two-dimensional calculated image is thereby project on a rotating plane, such that a three-dimensional image exists for an observer. The application potential of such 3D monitors is, for example, in the field of the display of data acquired with the aid of medical imaging devices, or in the field of the display of complex three-dimensional structures, for example molecules. Among other things, volumetric monitors exhibit two advantages. On the one hand, the images are visible from a large range surrounding the monitor, such that a plurality of observers can simultaneously view the represented subject. This is particularly advantageous for teaching purposes. On the other hand, a 3D monitor enables the observer to focus on arbitrary points of the subject and to respectively obtain a sharp image.
For the user, it is now decisive how user-friendly it is to access virtual perspective information or real three-dimensionally represented information. Of first importance is an input device with which a data point in a data set can be selected, second the possibility to manipulate the data point, and third as advantageous as possible a representation of the manipulated 3D data set.
It is an object of the invention to specify an input system for orientation in a three-dimensional visualization, a method for visualization of three-dimensional data sets, a representation system to represent a visualization of three-dimensional data sets, a method to operate an imaging medical examination device, and a method for graphical positioning of a slice to be measured by means of an imaging medical examination device in a three-dimensional data set of a preparation measurement, which improve the orientation within a three-dimensional data set as well as its processing and ability to be visualized.
In an input system and method for orientation in a visualization of a three-dimensional dataset, a reference point is selected, a direction is specified, and a distance value is set.
Following are explanations of a plurality of exemplary embodiments using
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to preferred embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated device, and/or method, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur now or in the future to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates. An input device is provided for orientation in a visualization of three-dimensional data sets with a unit to select a reference point, with a unit to establish a direction, and with a unit to set a distance value. An input device enables an observer of the visualization to input orientation parameters (for example reference point, direction or distance value), whereby the input is preferably implemented by hand. If at all possible, an obstruction of the observation or of the movement freedom of the observer around the visualization may not occur. Such an input device on the one hand has the advantage that it offers the possibility to set orientation parameters according to a natural procedure: how far is a point of interest or region removed from which point in which direction. On the other hand, an input device offers a flexibility in the series with which the orientation parameters are set. For example, first the reference point can be established, then the direction, and finally the distance, or all orientation parameters can be set approximately simultaneously.
A method is disclosed to visualize data points of a three-dimensional data set. In this method, the data set is first shown on a monitor. A point in the display region of the monitor is then selected. For this, three orientation parameters are input with the preceding specified input device. On the one hand, a reference point is selected on a virtual surface whose geometric arrangement is known with respect to the display region of the monitor. On the other hand, a direction is set that, originating from the reference point, displays the point to be selected in the display region of the monitor. Furthermore, a distance value is set that establishes the distance of the point to be selected from the reference point. A region of the representation that stands in geometrically adjustable relation to the selected point is subsequently manipulated with regard to its representation manner.
Of importance in this method is the representation of the orientation parameter that can be set by means of the input device on the display region in which the visualization is shown. For example, a point on a plane is selected with the input device, whereby the surface is in direct contact with the input device. The surface is, for example, a base on which the input device is moved. Given the transfer of the point to the virtual surface, this should on the one hand be in relation to the display region of the monitor and on the other hand in relation to the observer. The first is required in order to be able to select the point from the virtual surface in the display region. The latter is determined by the three-dimensional representation and its observation, such as, for example, the observation angle. For example, given a perspective representation, it is advantageous to place the surface between subject and observer, and in the case of a volumetric monitor it is advantageous when the surface surrounds the monitor. Due to the unambiguous transfer of the one to the other, in the following a differentiation between the point that is set with the input device and the reference point on the virtual surface is only then effected in the event that it is necessary for understanding. An advantage of this method is likewise its imitation of the natural surroundings with real three-dimensional subjects.
A display device is disclosed to display a visualization of three-dimensional data sets according to the previously specified method for visualization of data points. The display device comprises an input device (likewise specified in the preceding) for orientation in a visualization, a visualization unit that generates a representation of the visualization by means of the orientation parameters input with the input device, and a monitor that displays the visualization. The advantage of this display device is that it enables an orientation within a visualization and its processing in an intuitive manner.
A method is disclosed to operate an imaging medical examination device using a previously specified method for visualization of data points. This method to operate an examination device has the advantage that, on the one hand, due to the improved representation, information can be more easily acquired from the medical examinations and used for diagnosis. On the other hand, this information can additionally be used in order to optimize further measurements with the imaging medical examination device, in that, for example, the region to be examined is more specifically narrowed.
A method is also disclosed for graphic positioning of a slice to be measured in a three-dimensional data set by means of an imaging medical examination device. This data set is acquired with lower resolution via a preparation measurement and displayed on a monitor. With the aid of the method specified above for visualization of data points, a data point is selected and the slice to be measured (which is defined by a geometric relation with regard to the data point) is specified. The slice preferably runs through the data point. The advantage is then that, with the aid of the input device, the orientation in the preparation measurement, and thus the selection of a slice to be examined, is made easier.
In an advantageous embodiment of the input device for orientation in a visualization, the means to select the reference point are designed such that they enable a positioning of the reference point on a two-dimensional surface and that they recognize the position on this surface. This has the advantage that the positioning of the reference point occurs in a two-dimensional surface and not in the three-dimensional space, assuming, however, that the two-dimensional surface is later set in spatial reference to the visualization.
In a special embodiment of the input device, the unit to select the reference point is a conventional mouse, whose movement, for example, is registered on a surface in two dimensions. The mouse is preferably connected with a computer to which it transmits acquired data. This embodiment has the advantage that it can resort to known technologies.
In a particular embodiment of the input device, the unit to establish the direction comprises a tiltable level, as well as a sensor that registers the tilting of the level in the direction. Such a level can be a tiltable joystick, whereby the tilting is, for example, monitored via the establishment of the tilted angle or via the duration of the tipping event and is converted into an angle. Starting from the position of the reference point on the two-dimensional surface, two angles in two different directions are sufficient to unambiguously establish a direction in space.
In a particular embodiment of the input device, the joystick is structurally connected with the mouse, in order to form a multifunction mouse. This has the advantage that two input devices required by a user are combined.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the input device, the input device comprises a pointer wand that is preferably freely movable, for example it comprises no connection cable to possible necessary units. This pointer wand is both a means to select the reference point and a means to establish the direction. To use the pointer wand as an input device, means are required that both determine the position of the pointer wand in space and its orientation in space. The position and the orientation can subsequently be set with regard to the visualization in order to establish the reference point and the direction.
In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the input device, the determination of the position and the orientation of the pointer wand occurs by means of ultrasonic elapsed-time measurements. The advantage of ultrasonic elapsed-time measurements is that the resolution, in this case the spatial resolution, can be set fine enough to unambiguously determine position and direction.
In a development the pointer wand comprises at least two ultrasonic transmitters that are preferably arranged at the ends of the pointer wand. Signals emitted by the ultrasonic transmitters are registered by receiving units of the input device. If the positions of the receiving units are known with regard to the visualization, and if the ultrasonic transmitters and the receiving units are temporally synchronized (for example via a radio connection) with a unit for synchronization, position and orientation of the pointer wand can be calculated from the elapsed times between ultrasonic transmitters and receiving units. The advantage of this development is that it uses a simple and known form of ultrasonic elapsed-time measurement.
In another development, the pointer wand comprises at least two ultrasonic reflectors that are likewise preferably arranged at the ends of the pointer wand. Ultrasonic transmitters, whose positions are known, emit signals that are reflected from the reflectors with varying strength and with characteristic pulse form. The thusly coded reflected ultrasonic signals are acquired by receiving units (whose position is likewise known with regard to the visualization) and associated with the respective ultrasonic reflector by means of a comparison of the signals with the known reflection patterns. The advantage of this development is in the passive functionality of the pointer wand that acts only as an ultrasonic reflector, such that less complicated electronics have to be housed in to the pointer wand.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the input device, the unit to set the distance value comprises a rotatable small wheel and a sensor to detect the rotation. The advantage of such a small wheel is that it can housed without problems in both the pointer wand and the multi-function mouse. The signals generated by a rotation of the pointer wand are, for example, transmitted via radio to a processing unit.
In a further advantageous embodiment, the input device additionally comprises a button to actuate a signal. One or more such buttons can generate control signals that are transmitted to a computer. The advantage of such buttons is that they are advantageous to operate and can be integrated simply into the pointer wand or the multi-function mouse.
In a further advantageous embodiment, the input device comprises an additional unit to output the reference point, the direction and the distance value. These means for output can, for example, by housed in a central computer that, for example, also comprises and controls the synchronization unit and/or the receiving units. The unit for output can be connectable with the 3D display systems specified above.
In an advantageous embodiment of the method for visualization of data points, these are shown on a 3D monitor. If, for example, such a monitor comprises a hemispherical display region, the virtual surface on which the reference point is projected is preferably likewise hemispherically placed around the display region.
In another embodiment of the method for visualization, the subject is perspectively shown on a 2D monitor. The monitor screen surface is preferably selected as a virtual surface on which the reference point is selected with the unit to select the reference point.
In this embodiment, and in the preceding embodiment of the method, the geometric arrangement of the virtual surface is known with regard to the display region. In a development, two angles are input with the input device for direction specification. These angles are placed at the location of the reference point and determine the direction in the display region in which the point to be selected lies. The sides or legs of the angle preferably lie in planes perpendicular, not parallel, to the tangential plane, whereby the tangential place is tangent to the virtual hemisphere or the monitor screen surface at the location of the reference point. Alternatively, the sides or legs of the angles can lie in the tangential plane.
In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method for visualization, the virtual surface is divided with a first coordinate system, for example into degrees of longitude and latitude. If the selection of the reference point occurs in a second coordinate system, the transfer of the reference point determined with the unit to select the reference point can occur on the virtual surface via a transfer from the first coordinate system into the second coordinate system.
In an advantageous embodiment of the method for visualization, during the setting of the orientation parameters, an arrow is continuously indicated at the respective data point currently determined by the orientation parameters, whereby the point of the arrow lies on the data point and the body of the arrow shows the direction of the reference point.
In an embodiment, the arrow is plotted as long as the orientation parameters are varied. The orientation parameters are first set by pressing a button of the input device, and the manipulation of the representation occurs.
In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method for visualization, a region whose volume and/or shape is either preset or variable is also selected at the same time via the selection of the reference point. This has the advantage that not only a point, but rather a region determined by the point can be manipulated that can be adapted depending on requirements.
In an advantageous development, a region that lies between a reference point and a selected point is manipulated, whereby the region to be manipulated conically tapers on the selected point. The region continually moves with a change of the selected point. This has the advantage that the view of an observer can be manipulated along the cone on the selected point in order to prevent, for example, an obstruction of the view of the selected region.
In a particular embodiment of the method for visualization, the displayed three-dimensional data sets and/or the selected region can be shown in various manners, for example skeletally, opaque, transparent or semi-transparent. An opaque display, for example, shows only the surface of a three-dimensional subject. In a skeletal display, only specific data points are shown opaque; thus, for example in angiography, the blood vessels or the surfaces of the blood vessels are shown latticed or grid-like in their integration or networking. In a transparent or semi-transparent display of a data point, this is not visible, it does not completely cover data points placed behind others.
Given the semi-transparent display, the degrees of transparency are associated with data points that influence the display of the respective data point. For example, the translucency of the background data points (meaning the data points that are located behind a data point in the viewing direction) is controlled. This can be effected given special volumetric 3D monitors via the intensity of the display of the respective data point. In this manner, translucency effects can be generated. The association of a degree of transparency occurs, for example, from a frequency distribution of the data points over the signal intensity. A manipulation of the data points dependent on the signal intensity enables, for example, the data points outside of an intensity interval to be able to appear transparent. In this manner, an unnecessary intensity range can be suppressed in a visualization.
In another advantageous embodiment of the method for visualization, the region to be selected has a geometric shape, meaning a sphere or a cuboid. Via a cone (whose content is shown transparent in this case), an observer can initially, for example, position the cuboid and subsequently look into the cuboid, whereby the content of the cuboid is, for example, shown skeletally. Alternatively, the content of the cuboid and the side face bordering on the cone are shown transparent. The remaining side faces of the cuboid form correspondingly positioning slice images through the 3D subject, This has the advantage that, for example, endoscopic procedures can be simulated.
In an advantageous embodiment of the method, a slice place is placed through the selected point, whereby the data points are shown transparent on one side of the slice plane and opaque on the other side. This corresponds to the traditional 3D representation of a slice image.
In another embodiment of the method for visualization, in addition to a three-dimensional representation a two-dimensional representation is generated on a 2D monitor. In addition to the two-dimensional representation of a slice image, the position of the slice image in the three-dimensional representation is, for example, indicated in the form of a frame. This enables a clear orientation and positioning of the slice image in the 3D representation, as well as a high-resolution representation of the slice on the 2D monitor.
In a further advantageous embodiment of the method for visualization, the selected region is determined in that the points are selected whose value of a characteristic value lies in a window region around the value of the selected point. The characteristic value is, for example, the signal intensity of the selected point. This embodiment has the advantage that a skeletal representation of points with a similar value of the characteristic value is obtained.
In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the display device to display a visualization of three-dimensional data sets, the visualization unit comprises a unit that sets the reference point, the direction and the distance with regard to a virtual surface. The unit can thereby comprise a computer that calculates with a calculation program the geometric relations between the orientation parameters, the virtual surface and the volume that can be represented.
In a further embodiment of the method for graphical positioning, after the slice has been selected and positioned using the preliminary measurement, a high-resolution measurement is implemented with an imaging medical examination device and is shown on the monitor.
With the aid of input devices or systems 11, 13 (for example a multi-function mouse 11 or a pointer wand 13), an orientation is possible within the display volume or region 8, and with it within the three-dimensional visualization (meaning in the head image 9). For this, required parameters are, for example, digitized and output per cable or infrared interface to the unit calculating and generating the visualization image.
If, for example, a point 14 in the head image 9 has been selected with the aid of the input devices or systems 11, 13, (for example) a virtual slice plane surrounding the point 14 can thus be considered along a transparent cone. Additionally, the slice plane can be imaged on a conventional 2D monitor 17, In
With the aid of the input devices 11, 13, the observer can align the cone 15 to any position in the image volume of the 3D monitor 7, meaning every point 14 in the display volume 8 can be considered from every direction.
The 3D monitor 7 of the display device 1 additionally comprises a calculating unit 21 that, with regard to a virtual surface whose geometric arrangement with regard to the display volume 8 is known, sets the respective reference point 23 input with the input device, the direction, and the distance. The calculating unit 21 additionally comprises a unit that combines and calculates (with efficient calculation time) the geometric relationships between the 3D data and the input parameters of the input devices 11, 13. In other words, the calculating unit associates a point on the virtual surface with the input reference point 23, from which (starting along the input direction at the input distance) the point 14 or the region surrounding it is selected in the three-dimensional data set. The calculations are, for example, implemented as fast as possible by processors optimized for graphical relationships.
In the example of the 3D monitor from
An alternative to the base frame 31 in the manner of a mouse is a trackball or track pad system. In this case, a change of the coordinates is registered by a rotation of the ball or by a contact with the track pad.
A joystick 35 is affixed to the base frame 31 that allows it to register a movement in two (for example) orthogonal directions. The movement In a direction can, for example, determine the degree of the movement or, via the duration of the movement, an angle. With the aid of the calculation unit 21, an angle input in this manner is converted into an angle that sets a direction that is shown from the virtual surface, starting from the reference point. A tilt of the joystick 35 forwards or backwards corresponds, for example, (again with regard to
The multi-function mouse 11 additionally possesses three buttons 37, 38, 39 that, in their operation and functionality, resemble the left, right and middle mouse buttons of a conventional mouse. With these buttons, additional inputs can be made in order to, for example, fix the angle or the reference point or to start with an output value. The middle mouse button 39 is additionally designed as a small wheel whose rotation is registered and is converted by the calculation unit 21 into a distance value, for example the length of an arrow starting from the reference point 23.
In order to be able to plot an arrow 43 in the display volume 8, the calculation unit 21 calculates the intersection point 23 a if the straight line 42 with the surface 45 of the display volume 8. The intersection point 23 a corresponds to the reference point 23 that is input with the preferred embodiment. The virtual surface on which the reference point 23 is positioned is, in this case, formed by the surface 45 of the display volume 8. If, with the aid of a small wheel 47 in the pointer wand 13, a distance value is additionally input this determines the distance of the point 14 a to be selected from the intersection point 23 along the straight line 42. Alternatively, the distance can be set by a translation movement of the pointer wand 13 along the straight line 42, in that the translation movement is registered during the pressing of a button 49.
If the point 14 a is determined in this manner in the 3D subject, the arrow 43 is plotted along the straight line 42, whereby the arrow tip shows the point 14 a to be selected. The arrow 44 moves continually with a change of the point 14 a, which is caused by a movement of the pointer wand 13. The display of a region around the point 14 a in the 3D subject can also be changed by the selection of the point 14 a. The region to be changed is preferably preset or, for example, is determined by means of the input device 11, 13.
With the aid of buttons 49 that are affixed to the pointer wand 13, an influence can be exerted on the course of the selection process and the representation of the 3D subject 41 in the display volume 8. Thus with them, for example, various representations can be switched between.
In order to suppress interferences in the display and in the selection process due to a tremor in the handling of the pointer wand 13, the calculation of the reference point 23 is slowed down, such that position changes of the reference point 23 on the surface 45 only occur delayed and/or damped fashion. Furthermore, for example with the aid of one of the buttons 49, the reference point 23 can be fixed in its position, such that only the orientation of the pointer wand 13 must still be monitored and measured in order to calculate the direction of the straight lines, and therewith of the arrow 43.
To accelerate the calculations, the calculation unit 21 could, for example, partition the surface 45 of the display volume 8 into a coordinate system with degrees of longitude and latitude 51, 53.
With the aid of the calculation unit 21, the intended extension of the pointer wand can be calculated and plotted in the display volume 8.
To determine the elapsed times U1, U2, U3, Un, the transmitters S1, S2 must be synchronized with the receivers E1, E2, E3, En. This occurs with a synchronization unit S and the synchronization paths TE1, TE2, TE3, TEn, TS, TS1, TS2 belonging thereto that connect the synchronization unit S, for example a radio transmitter, with the receivers E1, E2, E3, En and the transmitters S1, S2 in the pointer wand 13. Additionally, it is determined by means of the synchronization unit S in which sequence the ultrasonic transmitters S1, S2 transmit.
As specified above, the distance between a reference point and a point to be selected or volume to be selected is set with the small wheel 39 a.
So that an interference-free operation with the pointer wand 13 is possible around the 3D display, more than three ultrasonic receivers E1, E2, E3, En are used to prevent shielding effects by the 3D monitor.
The reflectors have the property that they are differently resonant at the various frequencies in the ultrasonic pulse sequence, meaning they reflect the ultrasonic pulses at different strengths. In this manner, the ultrasonic pulses are coded by the reflectors R1 and R2, such that, on the one hand, they can be differentiated by the receivers E1, E2, E3, En from one another, and on the other they can be differentiated from the reflections on foreign bodies. The distances between the reflectors and the receivers can again be calculated from the elapsed times, such that the position and orientation of the pointer wand 13 can be calculated with regard to the display volume 8 with the aid of the calculation unit 21.
Dependent on the reflector, reflected echo signal pulse sequences have different amplitude curves and pulse forms that are determined idealized by reflector-specific echo signals, for example by the echo signal EE1 shown in
For the calculation of the spatial positions of the reflectors R1, R2, the elapsed times of the corresponding pulse sequences are measured from the point in time of the transmission to the reception by E1, E2, . . . En. Rotation ellipsoids with the focal points S3, E1, E2. E3, En are calculated from the elapsed times. The intersection point from at least three ellipsoids marks the positions of the reflectors R1, R2. To improve the precision of the position determination, the known distance L of the reflectors R1, R2 can be included in the calculation. Additionally, the resonance frequencies of the reflectors R1, R2 can be differentiated.
A display device 1 to display a visualization of three-dimensional data sets allows, for example, a plurality of representations and corresponding applications in medical representation of three-dimensional data, and especially in radiological representation of three-dimensional data. Given real 3D monitors, such a display device for simulation and training of operations can be directly implemented with the aid of virtual operation instruments. The data of the simulated operation can also subsequently be relayed to an operations robot.
In a first representation, it should be possible (with the aid of the input devices 11, 13) to probe into an opaque 3D subject, whereby the 3D subject is transparent in the vicinity of the arrow. The volume to be examined at the tip of the pointer should thus be made visible from the outside. The shape and size of the transparent volume can, for example, be adjusted on a cone shape. Alternatively, the arrow itself can be shown transparent, so that it does not cover the regions of the displayed subject.
In a variation of this representation, with the aid of the arrow an arbitrarily-shaped transparent volume (for example sphere or cube) is placed in the 3D subject. The position and orientation of the volume relative to the arrow is likewise adjustable. For example, the volume can be indicated by a virtual frame or cage in the display region 8 and moved and positioned through the 3D subject with the input device 11, 13. The 3D subject, for example, can thereby be shown transparent on a side of the frame.
A further possibility to define such a volume is that, with the input device 11, 13, a plurality of points are marked that together span the volume or a sub-region of the volume, for example a surface.
In a representation, the data points are shown within the volume, for example transparent.
In this manner, for example, an active processing of the data is possible such as, for example, an excision of interfering bones in the imaging.
Advantageous embodiments of, for example, the transparent switchable volume are represented in section in
A further representation is that of the grid or lattice representation 76. For clarification,
In a simple version of the windowing, only data points with similar intensity I are shown. For this, in a frequency distribution H the number N of the data points is recorded or entered with an intensity I (see
The transparency of the 3D subject can be steplessly adjusted for all intensity value regions via the variation of the window parameters
The procedure of the windowing enables it to select an arbitrary point on, for example, the intensity scale of an exposure, and to represent this as modified, for example as transparent or opaque.
In a first clarification of this procedure, a 3D subject is marked at a representative location. Subsequently, all data points with the same or at least a similar intensity are switched to transparent. This enables the observer (for example a radiologist) to switch to transparent data points that are not relevant to the examination, for example for suppression of light fatty tissue in a magnetic resonance exposure.
In a second clarification of this procedure, the data points are imaged as opaque that, starting from the representative location, comprise a continuous intensity curve. This results in a grid representation that approximates the 3D angiography exposure in
With the aid of the display device, it is likewise possible to select slices in the representation space 8.
In many cases it is preferable to fix the arrow point at an arbitrary spatial point by means of the buttons of the input device 11, 13, and to subsequently vary, for example, the arrow direction of the angle of the selected slice with regard to the arrow 81.
A possible application is graphical slice positioning in magnetic resonance tomography in which a fast 3D measurement is implemented for preparation. The acquired 3D data set comprises the body region to be examined at lower resolution and is shown with a 3D monitor.
While preferred embodiments have been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention both now or in the future are desired to be protected.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
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|Nov 30, 1992
|May 10, 1994
|The Cleveland Clinic Foundation
|Frameless stereotaxy system
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|Cosman; Eric R.
|System and method for stereotactic registration of image scan data
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|Hewlett-Packard Company
|Input device with handle
|Dec 18, 1997
|Nov 12, 2002
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Apparatus for entering data into a computer
|Dec 1, 2000
|Oct 19, 2004
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Operating device for influencing displayed information
|Jul 11, 2001
|May 23, 2002
|Hidenori Sekiguchi
|Coordinate input apparatus
|Jun 28, 2002
|Jan 2, 2003
|Peter Nissen
|Method for resizing and moving an object on a computer screen
|Dec 29, 1994
|Nov 16, 1995
|Dynamics Marketing Gmbh
|Joystick for VDU symbol control in computer system for game, DTP and CAD
|Mar 2, 2001
|Sep 5, 2002
|Weis Steffen
|Cursor representation on a monitor or screen in which position on the screen of the signal generator and the indicator coincide using a beam, wave or particle, as a signaler
|Dec 3, 1999
|Jun 7, 2001
|Siemens Ag
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Lokalisierung Mobiler Geräte-Seminar Mobile C omputing-SS 2001-Roger Zimmermann.
|Patent Abstracts of Japan & JP 63106825 A, Date of publication Nov. 5, 1988 .
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 3, 2009
|Nov 2, 2010
|Electronic Scripting Products, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for determining an absolute pose of a manipulated object in a real three-dimensional environment with invariant features
|May 22, 2007
|Feb 8, 2011
|Nintendo Co., Ltd.
|Information selecting apparatus and storage medium storing information selecting program
|Sep 18, 2009
|Jun 14, 2011
|Electronic Scripting Products, Inc.
|Computer interface employing a manipulated object with absolute pose detection component and a display
|Feb 2, 2006
|Jul 26, 2011
|Autodesk, Inc.
|Volume management system for volumetric displays
|May 25, 2011
|Oct 8, 2013
|Electronic Scripting Products, Inc.
|Computer interface employing a manipulated object with absolute pose detection component and a display
|Aug 22, 2011
|Jan 5, 2016
|Electronic Scripting Products, Inc.
|Deriving input from six degrees of freedom interfaces
|Nov 24, 2014
|Jan 12, 2016
|Electronic Scripting Products, Inc.
|Computer interface employing a wearable article with an absolute pose detection component
|Feb 2, 2006
|Jun 15, 2006
|Alias Systems Corp.
|Volume management system for volumetric displays
|May 22, 2007
|Sep 11, 2008
|Nintendo Co., Ltd.
|Information selecting apparatus and storage medium storing information selecting program
|U.S. Classification
|382/154, 345/157, 345/164, 345/161
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 9, 2004
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FONTIUS, JOERG ULRICH;REEL/FRAME:015191/0637
Effective date: 20031112
|Dec 7, 2012
|Fee payment
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|Jun 28, 2016
Owner name: SIEMENS HEALTHCARE GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT;REEL/FRAME:039271/0561
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|Sep 19, 2017
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Effective date: 20170728


text:
Is this your business? Claim it today and take control of your Business Credit Rating.
|Company Type
|Private Limited
|Company Status
|Company Dissolved
|Company Number
|Joinery installation
A R J HOME IMPROVEMENTS LIMITED was formed on the 24th January 2011 , and are based in 8 Birkhill Street, Boness. They are currently rated G and are considered to represent an average risk score. Their credit score was last updated on 1st November 2015. Their current legal status is Company Dissolved. This information was last updated on the 8th December 2015.
There is 1 major shareholder listed for A R J HOME IMPROVEMENTS LIMITED with Catherine Walnick owning the most shares by value.


text: Fresh off a year touring with the likes of The Hold Steady, Flogging Molly and NOFX, The Loved Ones are eager to slake the collective thirst of their rapidly growing fan base with "Distractions," which rides the line between punk rock and Americana, saturating their music with unforgettable hooks, rock riffs, completive lyrics and enduring melodies. In addition to original material, they also pay homage to a few of their influences by offering covers of classic songs by Bruce Springsteen, Billy Bragg and Joe Strummer. Now available on vinyl. Vinyl version includes a download card good for one free download of the album in MP3 format.


text:
Russia's Moscow-based TKB-Invest plans to build a cement producing plant in Uzbekistan between 2007-2010, Uzbekistan's Uzstroymateriali, the project's customer, said Monday.
A spokesman with the Uzbek company said that the two companies had already signed a memorandum of intent to set up a joint venture for the plant's construction.
The production capacity of the plant is expected to amount to 3Mta the spokesman said.
The spokesman added that a feasibility study for the construction of another cement producing plant, with an expected cost of US$150m, would soon be completed.
According to earlier reports, Uzbekistan planned to build three cement plants at a total cost of $250m.
Currently, Uzbekistan has six operating cement plants with a total annual production capacity of 6.5Mt.
In 2006, Uzbekistan's cement production increased 10% on the year to 5.58Mt, while exports rose 18.5% in monetary terms to $37.9m.
Published under Cement News


text:
GraphicRiver Invitation to Wedding II 4649490
Category: Print Template | Comment: ( 0 )
GraphicRiver Invitation to Wedding II 4649490
Print Template \ Cards & Invites \ Weddings
Vector \ Cutting \ Includes \ Guides \ Inches \ Names \ Hope \ Enjoy \ Them \ Regards
Print Template - Invitation to Wedding II 4649490 by @ GraphicRiver
Print Template \ Cards & Invites \ Weddings
Graphics Files Included: Vector EPS, AI Illustrator; Layered: Yes; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS; Print Dimensions: 7.02x7.02.
This is a set of three beautiful wedding invitations. Very different from each other, rather romantic and delicate. They are made ??entirely vector, so you can change the size that you like.
Ai & Eps – Vector – 18cm x 18 cm or 7.02×7.02 inches. Includes cutting guides and excesses.
The links and the names of the sources you will find in the "read me".
Hope you enjoy them as much as me.
Mee Sheep; Good Idea; Cook Time; Garden Icons; Road Safety Infographics ; Icons Health Infographic Style Part Two; Icons Health Infographic Style.


text:
Contact Information
We are in Southwest Missouri conveniently located where I44 and Hwy 71 cross just east of Joplin.
If you are interested in purchasing one of our puppies, please email or call us! For payment of the puppy, we accept Walmart's Money Gram (wire) or . We will email the total amount after you indicate which puppy you are wanting. We are required to collect sales tax of 5.45% for pick up's in the state of Missouri. We do not accept checks or money orders.
Keep in mind that making an inquiry does not mean we will hold the puppy for you until you decide to purchase. We do not hold any puppy without payment.
Read our "General Info" and "warranty" pages to understand our policy when buying a puppy from us.
If you do not buy a puppy from us, please be sure to buy a puppy from a kennel that is state licensed. Ask for their license number and verify they are a licensed kennel. Do you homework first, we do not support unlicensed substandard kennels. They are not regulated by anyone and do not follow any rules.
We are a Missouri Licensed Commercial Breeder: #CB-00005693 MO Dept of Agriculture 573-751-3076
Our vet info:
|Diamond Doodles |


text:
Office Fit Out
Why choose us for your fitout solutions?
- Turnkey office fit outs from design to installation.
- Over 35 years' experience in the Irish marketplace.
- Designated Project Manager from start to finish.
- A unique range of office furniture in the marketplace.
- All under one roof – office partitions, lighting, carpet, canteen & furniture.
We are all about partnering with our customers to create truly inspiring workplaces. Having a specialist interiors team and a dedicated project manager from start to finish means that you are looked after every step of the way. No job is too big or too small for us and we promise to deliver every job on time and within budget.
Make an Appointment with our Team
Contact Us
Phone+353 (1) 882 2082
"I wanted the new data centre in Dublin and its interiors to be something special and stand tall within the Huawei Global locations. Codex listened closely to the brief, they designed and created a range of existing solutions, We now have an inspirational work place for our teams and a professional yet welcoming atmosphere for our clients to visit. Codex also delivered to budget with no hidden costs or surprises. I would highly recommend Codex, their innovation and creativity stood out from their competitors"
-Liu Niulang, Huawei
"We were amazed and delighted to have a project as complex as ours handled in such a professional manner and with such ease. There was no problem that Peter and his team did not resolve. Everything went like clockwork. The entire project was as Peter put it - just another day at the office."
-Rossa Lynch, Conduit
Our Approach
The office environment is changing with a move towards a more open plan office encouraging innovation, collaboration and communication. At Codex, we know that updating your workspace to a new look and feel can be challenging but with over 35 years' experience, we make this process as simple as possible for you and your business. We can help you get the most from your office space through comprehensive planning and design, ensuring that your office suits your building, staff and overall culture. Our services are nationwide, so whether you're looking for a brand new office fit out in Cork or a complete office refurbishment in Dublin, talk to us today.


text:
e*thirteen TRS DMB Dual Guide Chain Accessories
|(0 Reviews)
e*thirteen TRS DMB Dual Guide Chain Accessories
Product DescriptionE Thirteen TRS DMB Dual Ring Chain Guide 2012 TRS, or Trail Security, products fill the expanding Enduro and All-Mountain categories. Engineered to take extreme punishment dealt by riders on Enduro bikes, they 8217;re still light enough to use on XC specific bikes. E Thirteen TRS DMB Dual Ring Chain Guide 2012 Features: Upper sharkfin wearplate. Replaceable direct mount bashguard. Swappable lower roller for double specific cranks. Steel backplate. Direct Mount Bashguard only. 32-36T supplied with 36T DMB, 36-40T supplied with 40T DMB. E Thirteen TRS DMB Dual Ring Chain Guide 2012 Specificaions: backplate: High Tensile CroMo Steel. mounting: I05 and IOLD. capacity: max 36T or max 40T. bash protection: direct mount 36T or 40T. chainline: 48-53mm. Weight: 218 grams (36T I05). Buy E Thirteen XC BSA Threaded TiNi Bottom Bracket 2012 from Chain Reaction Cycles, the world's largest online bicycle store.
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text:
$60,000 ;&
- David S.
- Colleen G.
- Gordon T.
- Bobby H.
- Jerry
- D. Iverson
INTRODUCTIONTurn on the television or scroll through Facebook, and chances are you'll see at least one advertisement for a group or "guru" who promises to teach you how to "get rich�
Trouble with the video? Get the pdf copy of September Prescott Market Review.;
The Consumer's Guide to Hiring an Amazing Real Estate AgentWhen you're buying or selling a home, it's crucial to work with a qualified real estate agent. Not just a professional, but an


text:
inbriefSeptember 2008
Ecological cleaning products company Ecover has begun a three-year partnership with international charity WaterAid. The Belgian company will give an undisclosed sum for projects in Ethiopia that provide access to safe water – the first time WaterAid has been partnered by a business. Ecover is promoting the work on ten of its product lines.
For full access to EP Journal, become an Ethical Performance member. To join, click here.
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Ecover | Europe | PartnershipsFurther Information


text:
On the last race of the Triple Crown of 2008, all eyes were on Big Brown, who could become the first horse in thirty years to win all three races. The horse finished dead last. However, you wouldn't think so judging by the media portrayal after the race. The winner of the Belmont Stakes, Da'
Similar behaviour can be seen in IT departments when attention and resources are funnelled to a particular project or team, while the rest of the projects and teams are neglected. The reason is simple: new projects are cool, they're sexy, they are very visible and as such, demand more attention. However, doing so at the expense of existing teams and projects can come back to bite you.
When new projects are launched, there is a tendency to put only the "best and the brightest" on the new team. In order to make it a success, we look to people who have been successful in the past. Then, when the project is successfully completed or launched, it is transferred to the "support team," that is, the people who perform well but have not necessarily had stellar accomplishment.
Continuous application of this pattern can have disastrous consequences:
· The support team feels taken for granted. New initiatives are not seen as new challenges and opportunities for growth, but rather as "yet another piece of software to support."
· By constantly being in a supporting role, some people may never fully develop their talents. Some employees may be monitoring systems and processes, when they could be better used as team leaders or in another capacity.
· Resentment and boredom can set in if the same group of people is always getting the new plush assignments. This can lead the rest of the employees to poorer performance, absenteeism, and departures .
· Those on the "hot projects" can eventually suffer burnout, because they are constantly being tasked with tight deadlines, asked to venture into the unknown, and pull all the stops to maintain their "superstar" status.
Make sure you don't "Big Brown" your teams at the expense of others:
Everybody shares in the project's success. Success is rarely due to a small group of people at the forefront of a project. The project manager may be the most visible person on the project, but the programmers and the architect do the work that turns the initial idea into reality. Those programmers and architects could not do so without the contribution of the system administrators, DBAs and others on the support team. When you celebrate a successful project, make sure everyone is included whether from IT, marketing, sales, or other business departments.


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In 1552 the Portuguese ship São João ran aground near modern day Port Edward. It was the first cargo ship to wreck on the coastline of South Africa.
It was travelling from India back to Portugal, carrying a cargo of pepper, porcelain, beads, tapestries and other items, reportedly "worth a million in gold".
Of the approximately 600 souls aboard, some 100 lost their lives during the wrecking. Only 21 of the survivors eventually reached Mozambique after embarking on a journey north along the coastline in hope of being rescued by passing ships.
The wreck was only found in 1980s by Tim Maggs.
The Portugese Monument has been erected at Splash Rock, Port Edward, and the annual Portuguese Mariners Food and Wine Festival, held as part of the Sardine Festival, comemmorates the lives lost.
The São João and Chilli Route, organised by the Port Edward Business Association, is a modern day "treasure hunt" leading visitors to numerous local businesses, in memory of Manuel de Souza and the mariners he led up the coast.
Porcelain shards believed to be from the wreck of the São João still wash up on the beaches near Port Edward.


text:
i'm closing
Hello everyone,
After being missing for more than half a year, I decided to leave this blog.
People change, and so do I. Many things have happened during that six-month hiatus, and now I feel I can no longer resonate to the person who started this blog and bored you with her lame posts haha.. This blog has been with me since 2008 and had my happy, sad, boring moments contained here. However, let the past events be in the past.
I know I'll never be able to quit writing. I might blog again in the future as well, but certainly not today, not tomorrow, or even next month. And certainly not in this blog anymore.
I do not close my Picasa, though I also doubt there'll be regular updates.
I'll see you when I see you! :)
if you my (non-existent) readers miss me, i'm only an email away at margaretha dot yessi @ yahoo dot com
or you can reach me on twitter @yeciyeci


text: "Always tell the truth. That way you don't have to remember what you said." More quotes by: Mark Twain Truth, Politics, Remember, Said, Way, Telling The Truth, , Never Lie, I Speak The Truth, Truth Honesty, Honesty, Telling Lies, Honest Relationship, Honesty Is The Best Policy, Don't Lie, Truth And Lies, Love Lies, I Don't Lie, Truth And Honesty, My Attitude, Saying The Truth, Honest Truth, Lies In Love, Lies Truth, Cool Status,


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THE Gazette can today reveal the Fylde coast's car crime hotspots.
The figures – released by Lancashire Police after a Freedom of Information request - show a total 544 vehicle thefts or break-ins in the force's Western Division – which covers Blackpool and Fylde – have been recorded in the area over the last six months.
Layton and Park, covering the Grange Park estate, wards received the dubious ward of topping the table, with 47 vehicles break-ins reported over the period.
Layton councillor Martin Mitchell, of Blackpool Council, said: "It's very disappointing and we think it's only a few people are committing these crimes but unfortunately it only takes two or three people to disproportionately affect these results.
"Layton in general is a very peaceful and friendly area so it is a shock and slightly out of character for the area."
Brian Doherty represents Park ward, which covers the Grange Park estate, and said social problems created issues.
He said: "All we can do is work with the police, I didn't think the offences in Grange Park were as bad as that.
"We're just trying to minimise the damage but a lot of it's down to poverty and unemployment.
"It's a difficult problem but it's not just Grange Park and it's not just Blackpool, it's countrywide.
"We need to get some training in place for youngsters and something positive for them to look forward to and keep them of the streets."
A Blackpool Police spokesman said the pubic were vital in helping track down the thieves but also in ensuring their property was secure.
He added: "Car crime remains low but we are determined to keep it that way and further reduce the number of these crimes by targeting offenders, but we also need the public's help.
"Our policing teams regularly carry out high visibility patrols in and around areas where there have been problems in order to help deter thieves and reassure residents."
Follow us on twitter @The_Gazette and like our page on facebook to keep up with all the latest news.


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Branch Services
Branch Services are available in any WIB Branch. Check our map to locate the closest WIB branch to you!
Check Book Request
Check books are available in NAF or USD.
|# of checks
|St. Maarten Personal / Business
|BES Islands Personal / Business
Local / Foreign Cashier's Cheques
The Windward Islands Bank Ltd. offers both local and foreign cashier's cheques.
To get local / foreign cashier's cheques:
- Local Cashier's Cheque: The Windward Islands Bank Ltd. offers Local Cashiers Cheques as some suppliers on the island only accept these cheques as a form of payment. These cheques will always be honored as the funds are deducted from the customer's account prior to issuing the cheque.
- Foreign Cashier's Cheque: The Windward Islands Ltd. Bank offers Foreign Cashier's Cheques.
To get local / foreign cashier's cheques:
- Required documentation in preparation for an appointment:
- An existing business bank account with The Windward Islands Bank Ltd.
- Valid Picture ID.
- Correct Beneficiary Name.
- Visit the nearest branch.
Cash Advance
Cash advance provides credit card customers the possibility to withdraw cash within the branch (no pin), or ATM (pin necessary).
Foreign Currency Exchange
Foreign currency exchange provides customers local cash for foreign exchange currencies.
Night & Day Deposit
The night & day deposit service offers the convenience to make daily deposits 24/7. Branches with Night deposit access are: Main Branch, Bush road, Cole Bay, and Simpson Bay.
- A night deposit pouch with 2 (unique) keys.
- 1 access door key.
- The funds for the night bags are usually processed and credited to the account the day after they have been deposited.
- lost key or Bag: $ 10.00
- Requirements:
- Identification of all bag collectors.
- Current Account.
- Annual fee of $ 30.00, and $5.00 per additional bags.
- Visit the branch which you prefer to deposit your deposit bags to fill out an application form with our customer service department and request the bags.
Safety Deposit Boxes
Our Safety boxes are recommended form of storage for your precious valuables. These boxes are offered to all WIB clients and are charged an annual rental fee for the boxes. Safety Deposit boxes can be found at the following branches: Main branch, Cole Bay, Simson Bay, and St. Eustatius.
Product Features:
Product Features:
- Client access only.
- Complete discretion.
- 4 box sizes to choose from.
- Annual payments.
- Requirements:
- Valid identification.
- Funds for size of Safety Deposit Box needed.
- A WIB Savings / Current account (Account must be open for at least 3 months).
- Visit the branch you prefer to open a safety deposit box.
Hold Mail Boxes
Ideal for receiving bank statements in a timely and safe manner. The two WIB branches with hold mailboxes are: The Main branch and Simpson Bay Branch. The Hold Mail boxes are located at the exterior of our branches for 24-hour access. Register at any WIB branch.
Stop Payments
To stop payment on a check issued, visit nearest convenient branch and provide copy of the check (or the date, amount, beneficiary and account number) and the reason to request a stop payment.


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The digital revolution has made photography accessible to so many new people. I won't lie, I'm one of them — I never shot film. But just because you have a camera, does this make you a photographer?
Personally, I would consider anybody who takes pictures for the sake of taking pictures, a photographer. You may disagree with me on this, and I welcome you to share your thoughts, but I still believe this to be true. I also believe that the question is not a simple one; there's more to it than yes or no, black or white.
There are professional photographers among us, and I consider this group of people to be those who make a living of photography. But even here, there are shades of gray. My idea of a professional photographer (or a professional anything for that matter) is somebody who makes at least half their income from photography. So what am I a professional at? I'm a professional engineer — not in the strictest sense (a professional engineer actually requires a special certification), but I mean that I am an engineer by profession. That's how I make my money.
If you're not a professional photographer, where does that leave you? From here, I would divide the rest of us into two major groups: the casuals and the hobbyists. You might say that there are also photography students, but I would consider them to be a hobbyist who happens to be a student.
The casuals are the group of people who like to take pictures, but that's about where their interest peaks. They have no ambition to get bigger-better camera and spend all their savings on photography equipment. They usually don't care to edit photos, participate in photography communities, or learn the more advanced tricks and techniques associated with photography. They just like to take pictures. Nothing wrong with this. I know, and associate with, a lot of folks in this category — in fact, I married one. My wife could care less about the how or the why, but she probably takes as many pictures as I do.
Then there are the hobbyists. We love taking photos. Notice I said "photos" rather than "pictures". I suppose the two are really interchangeable, but I consider a photo to be a thought out picture. We think about what we're doing with the camera and how it affects the photo. We experiment, and we learn from it. We want to know more about photography in general, and we seek out sources of information such as books, websites, blogs, communities, and other photographers. We drool over that piece of equipment we can't afford, and we find that we're never quite satisfied with what we already have. All right — maybe not all hobbyists are exactly like me, but you know you can't deny some of these things.
So am I totally off my rocker here? You tell me — who qualifies as a photographer?
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Hello Brian,
That's a very thought provoking post.I hadnt given names to the categories of photographers till now, but I had noticed these differences. There are a lot of casuals around, as you say.But there are many hobbyists too, who display professional-like skills and technique in the images they make. I am always confused about what decides the difference between a professional and a hobbyist.The only distinction between the two, seems to be whether they sell their photos or not.May 1, 2007 5:37 am
You've brought up a good point — I think most of us are confused about what decides the difference between a professional and a hobbyist. I've presented my thoughts, and you've presented yours. I don't think either of us are right or wrong though.May 1, 2007 7:42 am
Hi Brian,
Almost two years ago Brent Phelps posted a piece on About the Image titled Value of a Professional Photographer. While he was speaking about the "Value" of a professional, I believe that the points he makes could also be used to help "define" a professional photographer though there are also other criteria that could also be added. Value of a Professional Photographer can be found here:May 1, 2007 8:18 am
Jim, the link must have been parsed out by WordPress or something. But you bring up a good topic on the value of a professional. Try reposting the link in plain text, I'd like to read it.May 1, 2007 9:09 am
Sorry about that Brian.
Let's try the Value of a Professional Photographer link this way.
http://www.abouttheimage.com/2005/08/the_value_of_a_.htmlMay 1, 2007 11:23 am
Wow Jim, that IS a great article! It makes a lot of sense. Thank you!May 1, 2007 11:43 am
Brian I can tell you how businesses think of photographers. They classify them in to three groups:
1. Amateurs/Hobbyists
2. Prosumer/Semi-Pro Photographer
3. Professional Photographer
Generally what Pros do, prosumers want to do… meaning professionals lead the market in buying pricier gear to keep their competitive edge. Adoption of technology such as software will generally happen at a similar rate between prosumer and professional photographers. Most hobbyist generally follow suit at a later time as they ramp up their skill or courage.
As to who is a photographer… I think your definition is correct. Anyone that takes a photo is a photographer. The real question is what is a photo and what is an image. Someone that helped shape my interest in photography once broke down the photo vs. snapshot question as such:
A snapshot can be taken of anything and of varying quality. A photo is a well thought, composed, exposed and executed art form. I think that is the more relevant factor to discriminate versus how much someone is willing to spend on gear or how fast they adopt technology.May 1, 2007 11:50 am
Hi Brian,
I've used that article quite a bit over the past couple of years. It often helps me explain to a potential client why professional photography cost what it does.May 1, 2007 11:52 am
That's a great definition of a photo, and I'm right on board with that — especially the "art form" part of it. To me, photography is an art. It's a highly subjective form of art, and there's no real definition of what constitutes a photo as being art. I'd say that if the photographer intended for it to be artistic in nature, then maybe it's art!
Great thoughts on this topic, Jim. Thank you for sharing.May 1, 2007 11:51 am
I can imagine that it would help ease the pain with clients. I can also imagine that it's not an uncommon conversation when talking with potential clients.May 1, 2007 12:07 pm
lets look at this a bit differently. There are three men's neck ties and Picasso, a 4-year old and you in a room. you each take the same brush, dip it in the same can of blue paint, make the same "exact" mark. which is art and why? is picasso's any different than the 4-year olds? It is the exact mark looking at it after all. how about you and the 4-year old? this brings us right to your question: "Who Qualifies As A Photographer?"… "and why?" should follow.
well, there is an answer but maybe the question should be phrased more specifically… And now let's think about is there a difference between say the "same identical picture/photo of anything" a 4-year old, Henri C-B, and you take?(I mean exactly, you can't tell the difference between the three of you who took what!) well, is there? You better believe it there is!
if you can't figure it out or understand why let me know.June 5, 2007 12:45 am
My first thought on this is that the difference between the three photos is the intent when the photo was taken. Visually they might look the same, but I'm pretty sure Henri got the shot he intended while the 4 year old got it by chance — and I'm probably somewhere between the two. Is that what you were thinking, or did you have something else in mind?June 5, 2007 12:45 pm
That is about right, I agree. It is intention but also additionally what is behind that shot, i.e., like the mark made on the tie. It is the life experience represented by that mark or shot; and that individuals training informing that image, etc. Maybe that is a partial answer to "who qualifies as a photographer?" Sure a 4year can take a picture but there is nothing behind that picture, no problem solving, no understanding of the history of art let alone photography, etc, etc. or as much as a 4year old can put behind such an image… and maybe a 4year old history. Take even your own self history. you have life behind you but how much photographic experience or visual training, etc. do you have? It may not make it better or worse but it does make it informed. And sure, Henri got the shot he intended while the 4 year old got it by chance. However, it is not so much Henri has a process by which he can do it consistently but that the 4year really doesn't have one or has even at least a process which is clearly developed… like most people who just point-and-shoot, they just like doing it.June 6, 2007 3:50 am
I was a pro for 18 years capturing medium to high end weddings. When you had to get it correct on film and not be trained using your digital display. Every industry will move through changes and digital photography created a huge shift.January 17, 2008 8:30 pm
I will call myself a photography hobbyist instead of photographer. This is because my skill is lousy.January 27, 2008 6:31 am
I think that you are either hobbiest or pro. You either get paid to do it, or you do it just because you like it.
I am no pro, I am a hobbiest trying to get better at it.February 5, 2008 2:39 pm
Brian, this is a great article. I consider my self hobbyist too.
Those words remembered someone: "We drool over that piece of equipment we can't afford, and we find that we're never quite satisfied with what we already have."… That's our hobbyist attitude. (Sad for us, because I have some friends that make incredibly good pictures with pretty old equipment.)
Keep good work.March 17, 2008 7:45 am
I quoted you (the hobbiest part at the end of your article) on a Photography Hobbiest group I just started on Facebook. I credited the quote totally to you with a link back to http://blog.epicedits.com/2007/04/30/who-qualifies-as-a-photographer/.
I hope you don't mind, but it totally said everything I wanted to but didn't quite form in my mind.
Link to group for Facebook users: http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=11888182478April 12, 2008 6:11 pm
I discovered your article today and I can see that like others it it can be helpful in explaining to a potential client why my "professional" photography is priced as it is.
Thank you!November 21, 2008 3:43 pm
I can't say I totally agree with you, but what you write is food for thought. Probably a good thing to consider is the level of experience and expertise of the individual photographer. And a hobbyist could some day become a ProfessionalNovember 21, 2008 3:50 pm
In this blog post you mention that a professional photographer is someone who makes over 1/2 of their income from photography. What if someone is very wealthy and has a large trust fund that provides them with most of their income but for their day-to-day job, they are a photographer. According to your metric, they aren't a professional. So let's say that's an exception. But here's another situation, let's say that someone makes $150k a year at their day job as an engineer and $100k a year as a photographer. Would you still stand by your statement that they aren't a professional photographer–even if they're making more money than many full-time professional photographers? I think you're walking a very slippery slope when you try to define a professional photographer based on someone's income levels/proportions.May 19, 2009 11:30 am
I see your point, but I think both of your examples are exceptions. Even an engineer making $150K plus $100K as a photographer would be hard to pull off. Both of those income levels are higher than standard fare, and thus would require extra time and effort spent at each job. I don't think there would be enough hours in the day.
Regardless, my point wasn't to lay out a flawless metric for the term "professional".May 19, 2009 12:14 pm
Anyone can be a photographer. Even if someone has a M-F 9-5 job answering the phone in an office, if they get hired to shoot a wedding next saturday, they are the "photographer".. that doesn't mean they are a professional.
I believe the "professional" tag is acquired when one's job is to photograph full time. Just like in sports; anyone who plays sports is an athlete (high-school football, college track)- but then you have your "professional" athletes where that's all they do.
Of course, we could always refer to the dictionary definition of "Professional": of, relating to, or connected with a PROFESSION… and naturally, we all know that a profession is a paid occupation.
To me the lines are not that blurry. It's pretty easy to tell who the hobbyists/enthusiasts are and who the professionals are. But that's not to say that there aren't hobbyists out there that aren't better photographers than some professionals. Because I am a photographer, I know a lot of aspiring photographers/hobbyists and I also know a lot of professional photographers. Some of those hobbyists shoot better than some of the professionals.October 19, 2009 9:36 am


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Tomorrow Tate Britain will be kicking off a series of 'Late at Tate' events specially curated by young people. Part of the Circuit Programme, the aim is to encourage more young people to engage with the arts, particularly where access to museums and galleries might be difficult.
The opening theme is Black British Experience, from the 1960s to the present day, and features a display of work from iconic photographers of the era, including Neil Kenlock, Syd Shelton and James Barnor. Visitors will also be treated to performances by poets Jay Bernard and Kareem Parkins-Brown, along with the opportunity to strike a pose in retro fashion at the East London Thrift Store Polaroid Studio. Touching Base DJs will also be there, providing a soundtrack of soul, funk and black British jazz.
Mark Miller, Circuit Programme National Lead said: "We are really looking forward to seeing how Tate Collective bring together an evening of creative ideas inspired by Stan Firm Inna Inglan: Black Diaspora in London, 1960-70s. It is a great way to start an artistically diverse new season of programming and we look forward to connecting with a diverse new audience."
The event will be followed on 2nd June by an evening dedicated to gender, sexuality and identity, inspired by Tate Britain's major exhibition, Queer British Art 1861-1967. Further events will follow later on in the year throughout August, October and December.
The events are free and run from 6pm to 10pm, on a first come first served basis. For more information, please visit the Tate's website.
Have you got a story about the fantastic things young people are doing in a museum near you? If so, get in touch at [email protected] – we'd love to hear from you!
Laura French, Assistant News Editor


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Julius Malema and 19 other EFF MPs will appear before a parliament committee on Tuesday on disciplinary charges stemming from their heckling of President Jacob Zuma.
The MPs face charges of disrupting and displaying contempt for the National Assembly after shouting "pay back the money" at Zuma, after Malema questioned the president about Public ProtectorThuli Madonsela's directive to reimburse the state for luxuries added to his Nkandla home.
The EFF last week sought an urgent interdict to stop the process, claiming that the powers and privileges committee were likely to be biased because the majority of its members are from the ANC.
The application was dismissed by the Western Cape High Court last Monday after their lawyer, who was briefed shortly before the hearing, conceded that he could not substantiate the merit or the urgency of the matter.
The MPs risk being suspended from the National Assembly for up to 14 working days if found guilty


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St Lucia Ruched Bandeau Swimsuit (9270)
- 91% Polyamide, 9% Elastane
How to care for your swimsuit:
- Looking after your swimwear will keep it looking and feeling like new for longer. Always rinse out your swimsuit as soon as possible in fresh, clean water and give it a good wash in mild detergent when you get it home. Never leave your swimsuit for too long without rinsing as chlorine and sun tan lotions can act like bleach, it will affect the colour and elasticity and it may even go see-through.
By Judith Wootton
02 Jun 2015
By Christine Banham
22 Feb 2015
trying this.


text: Earlier today I stopped in at hh gregg (I am a Cable Company sales rep who deals with the store) and chatted up the guy at the VZW counter. I gave him my info to call me when the X came in. Well, at about 5pm, he called and said they were now taking $50 deposits to guarantee an X on Thursday. I just got back and I am getting the first one on Thursday! FYI for any X hunters out there. This might be a viable option since their VZW kiosks are fairly new and they may not have the amount of traffic as other places.


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It is undeniable that a lot of people are searching for remedies and treatments on how they can effectively remove their fats in their belly part. Some of them claim that they've already tried using fat-trimming pills, but they were just disappointed with the unsatisfying results.
You no longer have to spend too much money for those expensive treatments because your fats can actually be removed just by the use of an ice.
Thermogenesis is a process where the fats are being covered with ice for about 30 minutes to one hour. It has been proven by the experts that freezing the body fats would really help stimulate it from burning.
All you need to do is to wrap an ice in a cloth and place it on top of the are where you wanted to lose fat.
However, this process isn't advisable to those who aren't fond of having frost bites.
Source: TrendingNewsPortal
So what can you say about this one? Let us know your thoughts in the comment section below, and don't forget to share this blog post to your family and friends online. And also, visit our website more often for more updates.


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With foldaway dimensions of only 14 inches by 4 inches by 4 inches, the Bower STSL2047 makes the perfect traveling companion. When fully extended, this aluminum tripod will reach up to 46 inches, making it ideal for any situations where extra height is needed for the shot, yet this Bower tripod with...
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Extending unfair contract term protections to small businesses – legislation
COSBOA today acknowledged the announcement by the Federal Small Business, buy viagra Minister Kelly O'Dwyer, prostate to support changes to the Unfair Contract Legislation (UCT) recently passed with amendments by the Senate.
The decision will support the amendments to increase the thresholds for the UCT from $100k for contracts of one year to $300k and for longer periods to $1 million.
Peter Strong, try CEO of COSBOA, said today "This decision by the government will be received with joy by many, many small businesses who have been at the mercy of some appalling practices from a small number of big businesses. The fact that we need these changes shows that a destructive culture has developed in the largest landlords and particularly the largest retailers, which now must change. "
COSBOA knows that over the years too many small business people have lost their houses and their health due to nothing more than the ability of unethical big business to take advantage of the optimism and trust that is a major trait of entrepreneurs.
Peter Strong added "There have also been specific sectors that needed this to counter the cultures that have developed over many years. In particular the Australian Newsagents Federation is to be congratulated for maintaining a strong considered fight for their members. This doesn't protect small business it does however make big businesses more transparent and accountable."
Congratulations to Kelly O'Dwyer whose first announcement as small business minister is welcome. Thanks.


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With Deep Gratitude
We thank all of you for your heartfelt donations throughout the year and on Colorado Gives Day. These donations to our no-kill, homelike adoption center and sanctuary for little lost souls help us help them.
We are blessed to get to know, help, and love these kitties every day.Your donations help feed and house them and helps with the enormous medical obligations. As you know, Almost Home receives no government funding.
We thank you for being a major part of what we do, and we are sincerely honored and grateful to have been chosen for your gift. Because of you, Almost Home Adoptions is where HOPE lives for our furry friends.
Thank you from the kitties and all of us at Almost Home,
Kathleen and Tanessa


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Take a few-days trip to Chile and enjoy the hospitality of Apart Hotel Puerta Del Lago Pucón. The hotel is offering eight tastefully furnished rooms to those seeking accommodation in Pucón. If necessary, parking is available nearby. If you wish to learn more about the exact scope of services provided by Apart Hotel Puerta Del Lago Pucón (including any available for an extra fee), you will find them on the information sheet below.
Payment In order to finalize the reservation you may be required to provide credit card guarantee or advance payment by credit card, depending on the chosen room, date and price.
Arrival, opening hours The personnel of the hotel can speak with you in Spanish and English languages.
Apart Hotel Puerta Del Lago Pucón rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services


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Artworks makes school portraits look easy, featuring Ave Maria House School kids
Today we are sharing pictures from our recent portrait session for Ave Maria House. We recently photographed the Alpha Bugs group from the school age building. Enjoy these little cuties!
Merry Christmas from the Artworks team!
In the spirit of Christmas we wanted to take this time to wish you and yours a very merry holiday and a happy new year!
Allow us to turn your hard work on the court into a work of art!
Today we're sharing some of the team photos we've done this year for area athletes.
Zach & Kylie
Today we're featuring Zach and Kylie- an amazing couple with an adorable love story. We were honored to capture engagement, bridal and wedding photos for the pair and can't wait to tell you all about them!
Holiday gift ideas
The holiday season is here and today we're bringing you some awesome gift ideas straight from our studio to your home! We have two styles of photo ornaments and gift cards for use toward photo sessions or prints. Let us help you turn your gift into a work of art!
Our new client referral program- points=$$
Today we're giving you the lowdown on our new customer referral program. We love you, our clients, so much and would love to serve your friends, so we just had to come up with a better way to reward you for sharing our good name. Read on to see how you can earn points that turn into studio cash for use toward any Artworks service or product.
Giving thanks
This week around the studio we are taking a moment to say a prayer of thanks for all of the many blessings in our lives. As we prepare for the holiday, enjoy a few pictures and comments from our staff as they share what they are thankful for!
A deal on Christmas portraits and custom holiday card design
Just in time for Christmas, check out our $35 mini-portrait session. This includes the portrait fee and a 5×7 image that would be perfect for Christmas cards! We are also offering deals on our custom card design. Let us turn your Christmas card into a work of art!
Inside our 2BU Senior Model Shoots
This year Artworks launched its first ever 2BU Senior Model campaign and today we're giving you a chance to check out our senior model shoots!


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Bar/Bat Mitzvah students are moving from childhood to adulthood, from learning to be responsible to being responsible. As son or daughter of the commandments, they commit themselves to be proud members of our ancient people.
The words Bar/Bat Mitzvah mean "one who is responsible for religious obligations (mitzvot)." Hence, Jewish adulthood is attained by accepting the responsibilities and obligations of living as a Jew. We know that preparing for Bar/Bat Mitzvah can be an intense and emotional time for families. Please know that we are here to help!
Dates for the ceremony are assigned approximately three years before the child's thirteenth birthday. A congregational meeting is held based on your child's year of birth to help orient parents. Additionally, your rabbis and cantor are always available to answer questions.
Remember Me


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UNDERTOW (v4)
Series: Twenty Five (2009)
Undertow (v4) was released as the 2009 Official G.I.Joe Collectors' Club membership exclusive figure.
Undertow came with a red and gold mask, a black hose, two gray and black flippers, a black and gold harpoon, a dark gray sled, a gold missile (that attached to the underside of the sled), a silver barracuda, and clear display stand.
Packaging Information
Filecard Information
There are no known variations of Undertow.
Body Construction
Undertow (version 4) was created using the entire mold of Undertow (1990). Note that the feet have been retooled with a smaller peg hole.
Reference InformationThe below information contains information about references to various collector's guides, Hasbro references, original retail prices, and other reference material related to Undertow (v4).
Original Retail: n/a
Product Number: n/a
Lee's Guide: n/a
The Ultimate Guide: n/a
Desimone Guide: n/a
Tomart's Guide: n/a
RAHC/Rank & File: n/a
Action Figure Archive Guide: n/a


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Lanzar Car Stereo OPTI2601D Optidrive Digital Mono Block 2000 Watt Half Ohm Stable Power Amplifier
Lanzar Car Stereo OPTI2601D Optidrive Digital Mono Block 2000 Watt Half Ohm Stable Power Amplifier
At Lanzar they believe in craftsmanship, quality, and accuracy! It takes all
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- Lanzar Car Stereo OPTI2601D Optidrive Digital Mono Block 2000 Watt Half Ohm Stable Power Amplifier
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- Strap two amps together for twice the power
- Nickel-plated RCA connectors & Screw terminals
- Thermal, Over load & Speaker short protection
- Double Side Epoxy PCB Circuit Board
- Power & Protection LED Indicators
- Remote Subwoofer Level control
- Soft Turn-on/Turn-off
- Dimensions : 10.63''(W) x 2.12''(H) x 17.72''(L)
- Sold as : Unit
- This item is New
- 1-Year Manufacturer's Warranty
- All Warranties the first 90 days are handled through Half Price Car Audio (1-877-701-4253). From 91 days to 1 year the warranty is handled through the manufacturer. Half Price Car Audio Warranty
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Return Policy
This item can be returned in its original condition within 14-Days for a refund, minus a 20% restocking fee, and minus shipping.
Warranty Information
- This item has a 90-Day inhouse warranty. 1-Year manufacturer's warranty.