text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|27 Ago 2002
|Fecha de presentación
|6 Nov 1998
|Fecha de prioridad
|6 Nov 1998
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Archibald W. Smith, Michael L. Leonhardt, James Martin Frary
|Cesionario original
|Storage Technology Corporation
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (21), Otras citas (8), Citada por (39), Clasificaciones (13), Eventos legales (5)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
The present invention relates to long term information storage and retrieval in both human and machine readable format on optical media.
A traditional method of archiving human readable information is to record documents on microfilm. These documents may originally be in the form of paper, photographic film and the like, as well as electronic data generated by computer. The microfilm recording process involves exposing photosensitive film to demagnified images of the documents. After the film has been exposed, it is subjected to wet chemical processing to develop the images. The recorded documents are usually read by projecting their magnified images on to a screen, or by enlarging them with a television camera and a video monitor. With typical de-magnifications of up to 25×, the storage density of microfilm is on the order of 50 Mbits/inch2. When properly stored, the microfilm is estimated to have a life of up to 500 years.
A limitation of microfilm is that the film must be chemically processed prior to the retrieval of the stored information. As such, documents are usually recorded onto microfilm in groups. Once a piece of microfilm has been developed no further documents can be recorded on that particular film. The chemical development process itself leaves waste silver and other chemicals which need to be disposed. Another limitation is that microfilm has little gray scale capability and no color capability, thus its use is limited to high contrast, black and white text documents and drawings. Finally, few systems are available to mechanically interface the microfilm to automated libraries, or the recorded information to computer systems.
With the advancement of computer storage technology, information is increasingly stored in digital form. Documents not already in digital form are converted into Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) or similar electronic file formats using a document scanner, and stored on magnetic tape, optical disks, or the like. For retrieval or viewing, the documents are reconstructed from the electronic files and displayed on monitors or printed onto paper. Storage densities for the magnetic tapes and optical disks typically exceed 100 Mbits/inch2. The magnetic tapes can be compatible with conventional tape library systems when mounted in standardized cartridges that allow for automated handling. Likewise, optical disk handling can be automated. Data on the magnetic tapes have a stored lifetime of 10 to 20 years. Optical disk data lifetimes are estimated to be around 30 to 60 years. Both magnetic tape and optical disks, however, are vulnerable to the rapid advancements in computer storage technologies that make their readers obsolete. In order to have the information in readable form 100 years from now the information on existing magnetic tape and optical disks will have to be migrated periodically to new media to maintain compatibility with the changing read/write equipment.
The Kodak Archive Writer has improved on the storage capacity over microfilm by using rolls of 16 millimeter film and increasing the de-magnification to 40×. Each document is input as a TIFF electronic file which is used to modulate the intensity of a spot formed on a cathode ray tube (CRT). The CRT spot is optically imaged on to the film, which is exposed with a visual image of the document by appropriately scanning the CRT spot. As with the microfilm, prior to document retrieval the entire roll is subjected to wet chemical processing to develop the images. Retrieval of the information is accomplished with a television camera and computer which recreates the TIFF files from the visual images.
Another approach for long term storage is the Rosetta System proposed by Norsam Technologies. In the Rosetta System visual information is written into a silicon wafer using electron beam exposure or ion implantation. This requires the use of an energetic scanning electron beam or ion beam in a vacuum chamber. The silicon is then depth-etched using an etch-stop technique to form a master disk. This wet chemical processing results in similar batch limitations as microfilm. Documents are stored at 850× de-magnification at a density of over 2 Gbits/inch2. Reading of the visual images is accomplished with a high-powered microscope equipped with phase contrast or interference-optics.
Consequently, a need has developed for a document storage approach which will allow the documents to be retrieved decades into the future without the need for readers which have long since become obsolete. The approach must accommodate documents of various sizes, resolutions, those containing shades of gray and color, and it must allow for new documents to be added to or retrieved from the storage media at any time. For ease of integration with existing computer systems the document storage approach should be compatible with current automated removable-media library systems and allow for storage in digital formats.
The object of the present invention is to provide a system and a method for storing documents for long periods of time. In particular, the invention starts with the documents in an electronic file format and ends with the documents stored in de-magnified human readable format on an optical recording medium so that the documents can be retrieved using a microscope. A Table of Contents and file headers containing indices and other metadata regarding each document may be included to help identify, locate and manage the documents during read-out. The optical recording medium is direct laser writeable to allow additional documents to be added and retrieved at any time.
A further object of the invention is that the information contained in the electronic files is processed prior to writing to accommodate shades of gray, color, and different resolutions of the documents.
Yet another object is that the documents can be stored in both digitally encoded and human readable form on the same physical media.
In carrying out these objects, the above objects, and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description of the best mode for carrying out the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is an illustration of data written on an optical recording tape with the visual records and digital records in the same track;
FIG. 2 is an illustration of data written on an optical recording tape using traverse scanning for writing the visual records and longitudinal serpentine scanning for writing the digital records;
FIG. 3 is an illustration of data written on an optical recording disk;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a galvanometer based laser position and intensity control portion of a scanning laser writer; and
FIG. 5 is a flow chart which shows the processing of information by the laser scanner from the electronic file to the optical recording medium.
The present invention stores documents on laser writeable optical media which does not require post-writing processes. Use of the laser writeable media allows documents to be added to the media at different times thus eliminating the need for batch processing of all of the documents at the same time. The information is stored in human readable format (visual record) to make recovery of the documents dependent only on the availability of an optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, acoustic microscope, or any other method of imaging and magnifying the documents stored on the media. The information can also be stored in digitally encoded form (digital record) to provide direct digital read-out when an appropriate reader is available. Where the digital form of the document was not recorded, or is otherwise unreadable, the visual form of the document can be read by optical or non-optical method and digitized to recreate the electronic file.
The present invention starts by reading the documents once they exist as electronic files. Hard copy documents may be converted into the electronic files using conventional document scanners, or the documents may be created as electronic files using any program that produces an output that is intelligible to human viewing, including existing word processing, graphic, or painting software programs. A typical document is a letter on standard 8.5 by 11 inch size paper. A typical electronic file is a 300 dots per inch (dpi) Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) version of a document. The invention allows for the documents to contain text, graphics, images, pictures, still frames of videos, shades of gray, color, and dual images of a scene for 3-dimensional stereoscopic viewing. The electronic files can hold the information in formats other than TIFF and at resolutions other than 300 dpi.
The documents are recorded on an optical recording medium which can accommodate both visual images and digital information. The optical recording medium includes a writeable layer on a supporting substrate. For media in the form of an optical tape the substrate may be polyester, kapton, aramid, or metals. For media in the form of an optical disk the substrate may be a rigid plastic such as polycarbonate, or a flexible plastics such as polyester. The writeable layer permits direct writing with a laser. Clearly, other forms and geometries which enable the objectives of high volume efficiency, fast access capability and compatibility with media automation schemes, such as; spheres, cylinders, cubes, thin, planar rectangular shapes or collections of these within a housing would be suitable for implementing this invention. Direct writing eliminates the need for post-writing development which in turn allows for additional documents to be written and retrieved at any time. Preferably the writeable layer changes reflectivity when written in order to simplify the viewing of the visual records. Preferably the writeable layer does not produce debris during the writing process. Finally, the writeable layer must have a long data retention life. Several laser writeable materials are available including metallic films, dye-polymer films, magneto-optical films, and amorphous to crystalline phase transition films. In the preferred embodiment the optical recording medium is an amorphous to crystalline phase transition film on a polyester substrate. Amorphous to crystalline phase transition films produce high resolution, high read contrast data at moderate write power densities, create no debris during the write process, and have an expected data lifetime of greater than 100 years under controlled storage conditions.
To make the optical recording medium compatible with existing automated removable-media library systems it is in the form of a disk, or a tape housed in a standard form factor cartridge. In the preferred embodiment the medium is a 12.65 millimeter (˝ inch) wide 200 meter (655 feet) long optical tape housed in an IBM 3480 compatible form factor cartridge. One such cartridge and tape can store approximately 220,000 8.5 by 11 inch documents in visual form only and de-magnified approximately 85×, and approximately 80,000 such documents in both visual and digital form, complete with headers and a Table of Contents.
FIG. 1 shows an example of data stored on an optical recording tape 2. The surface area of the optical recording tape 2 is divided into a first track 4, a second track 6, and a third track 8 which run parallel to the length of the tape. A visual record 10 of a standard 8.5 by 11 inch document is stored in the first track 4 with the width of the visual record 10 being slightly narrower than the width of the first track 4. Below the visual record 10 is a visual header 12. The digital record 14 and digital header 16 for the document follow the visual header 12. In the second track 6 the visual record 18 of an 8.5 by 14 inch document is stored. Further down the second track 6 is the visual record 20 of a large graph. This visual record 20 exceeds the width of the second track 6 and thus crosses into the third track 8. In the third track 8, three visual records 22 are used to record a color document. Each one of the three visual records 22 contain one color separation component of the document. Other numbers of color separations can be used. The digital record 24 of the color document is shown in the process of being written by an array of four laser beams 26. In a preferred embodiment the writeable layer is divided into a table of contents area and five parallel tracks. Each track is 2.50 millimeters wide to accept 8.5 inch wide documents at 300 dpi using a dot size of just under 1 micrometer. The resulting visual records are miniature reproductions of the original documents de-magnified by a factor of approximately 85×. The size of the features shown in FIG. 1 are exaggerated.
The data stored on the optical recording medium is binary in nature. Where the laser beams strike the writeable layer there is a change in the material's appearance, be it a crystalline phase change, pit formation, ablation, hole burning, or the like. Where the laser beams do not strike the writeable layer the material retains its original reflectivity. This binary nature allows the recording of black and white visual images and digital data. To accommodate documents with shades of gray the present invention converts the various levels of gray into halftone patterns before recording. To accommodate documents with color the present invention first separates the document into multiple color components (for example red, green and blue), then converts each color component into halftone images, and finally records the multiple halftone images as in 22.
The present invention accommodates documents of different resolutions and dimensions. The product of the electronic file's resolution and the document's physical dimensions is the maximum number of pixels (picture elements) of information potentially contained within that document. In practice, blank areas in the document which have no informational content could be compressed to speed operations during information processing and writing. If the electronic file defines more or fewer pixels across the width of a document than the number of laser spots which can be recorded across the width of one track, the electronic file can be processed to reduce or increase the number of pixels. This may be accomplished by scaling the document's dimensions while keeping the resolution (pixels per inch) constant, scaling the document's resolution while keeping the dimensions constant, or scaling both the dimensions and resolution.
Alternatively, the dimensions of the visual record can be scaled up or down so that there is a 1:N match between the pixels in the electronic file and the laser spots in the visual record, where N is an integer. Wide visual records are recorded across two or more adjacent tracks as in 20. If the number of pixels in the length direction in the document's information in the electronic file exceed a predetermined limit or predefined algorithmic rules set by the recorder format, the document may be either divided into multiple documents or recorded along a greater length of the track as in 18. All of the above recording options can be controlled by predetermined rules, the user, or software applications.
A visual header may be recorded in the optical recording medium for each document. These headers contain alpha-numeric identifiers and metadata regarding the origin, contents, and recorded image characteristics of the documents. They are positioned near the visual records. In the preferred embodiment each header is positioned adjacent to it's associated visual record.
The digital records permit direct recreation of the documents in an electronic format without loss of quality when a compatible reader is available. The digital information is optically encoded using standard techniques such as pulse width modulation, pulse position modulation, or the like. Each digital row of data is separated from the adjacent rows in order to avoid cross-talk. Error correction coding may be included to assist in retrieving the data from the optical recording medium. Servo marks may also be included to assist in tracking the digital rows during read-out. In the preferred embodiment the digital information is written using the same array of laser beams as the visual record, with appropriate modification of the tape velocity and laser unit operations to give a row separation of about one laser spot width.
As with the visual information, the digital information includes a digital record and an optional digital header for each of the documents. Each digital record contains a copy of the digital information from the document's electronic file. In the preferred embodiment the digital records are written on transverse rows across the width of one track with each row being slightly narrower than the width of the track. The physical length of the digital record varies with the amount of information to be recorded. In practice the physical length of the digital record on the optical media range from 1.5 to twice that of the visual records. In an alternative embodiment the digital records are written on longitudinal rows which run the length of the track. FIG. 2 shows the digital information written along longitudinal rows. An optical recording medium 28 is divided into a first track 30, and a second track 32. The visual record 34 and visual header 36 of a document are recorded in the first track 30. The digital record 38 and digital header 40 of the same document are recorded in the second track 32 using a serpentine type trace. In this embodiment the laser scanner uses an array of lasers to quickly write the digital record 38 and digital header 40. FIG. 3 shows another alternative embodiment where the medium is an optical disk 88. The visual records 90 and visual headers 92 are recorded in concentric tracks 94, 96, 98, 100 and 102. The to digital records 104 and digital headers 106 are recorded in a spiral track 108 inside track 102. With curved tracks, the documents may be written with straight edges as shown in the figure or, if a slight distortion is acceptable, they may be curved to follow the tracks. The size of the features in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 are exaggerated.
As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 digital headers may be included for each digital record. Like their visual counterparts, the digital headers contain alphanumeric identifiers and metadata regarding the origin and contents of the documents. They are usually positioned near the digital records. In the preferred embodiment each digital header is positioned adjacent to it's associated digital record.
To aid in the retrieval of information from the optical recording medium the invention includes defining a table of contents area on the writeable layer. Within the table of contents multiple entry positions are reserved for a predetermined number of documents. The entries are written in visual form and optionally in digital form. Each entry identifies the track and location within the track of each record as well as metadata associated with the record size, creation date, time, originator, change history and the like. Registration marks may be added in the tracks and referred to by the table of contents to help find and align the records. In the preferred embodiment the table of contents is located at the logical beginning of the optical tape and contains both visual entries and digital entries.
Other features may be included on the medium and housing to assist in the writing and retrieval of documents as well as monitoring and control of the medium itself. Features such as tracking, positioning, alignment and calibration marks assist in the physical manipulation of the medium when inserting into, and when in use by the readers and writers. Identification of the medium manufacturer, date codes, media type and the like are useful in areas such as identification, quality control and inventory. These types of features can either be incorporated by the manufacturer using a laser-based system, embossing process, molding process, or similar processes, or written into the writeable layer by the user. Alternatively, this type of information can be stored in externally readable non-volatile solid state memory carried in the housing.
A laser scanner is used to write the electronic file information and its associated metadata, and global metadata such as the table of contents, on the optical recording medium. The output of the laser scanner is a single laser beam or an array of laser beams. In the preferred embodiment the laser beams have a spot size of just under one micrometer at the optical recording medium to match a 300 dpi electronic file de-magnified by a factor of 85×. The small spot size is achieved with a lens having a numerical aperture of about 0.24. To write information the laser scanner controls the intensity of the laser beams as well as the relative position between the laser beams and the optical recording medium. With disk media the medium is normally spun around its center while a carriage carries the laser beams and optics in the radial direction. With tape media the medium is normally moved in the direction of its length, the laser optics deflect the laser beams across the width of one track, and a carriage moves the laser beams and optics from track to track. Many other arrangements are possible.
FIG. 4 shows a galvanometer-based laser position and intensity control portion of a laser scanner which is the preferred embodiment of the scanner. An array of four lasers 42 generates the laser beams 44 which pass through a collimating lens 46, are swept across the width of a track by a scanning galvanometer mirror 48 and focused onto the optical recording medium 50 by a second lens 52. The mirror 48 sweeps the laser beams in a saw-tooth fashion with a 75/25% duty cycle. The laser beams 44 write data on the medium 50 during the main sweep, and on the return sweep the laser beams 44 are extinguished. For this type of scanning, the medium may be advanced continuously, or by stepping during the return sweep. The continuous case results in a slight elongation of the visual image due to a gap between the scan lines, proportional to the scan return or fly-back time. In the array case, if there is a separation between the focused spots on the medium, interleaving may be used to fill in the spaces. When the scanner is writing digital information, the medium 50 is advanced to maintain a one row separation to minimize cross-talk. Using mirror frequencies between 825 Hz to 3300 Hz the scanner writes one visual record of an 8.5 by 11 inch document in 1 to 4 seconds, using 1 to 16 lasers in the array. The scanner includes a linear stepper carriage 54 to move the lasers, mirrors and lenses from track to track.
In a variation on the preferred embodiment the scanner uses a two-way harmonic scan where the laser beams write during the main sweep and during the return sweep. This approach decreases the frequency response needed from the mirror but it requires the medium to be advanced in steps while the mirror is changing directions. In this case, using mirror frequencies between 206 Hz and 825 Hz, the scanner writes one document in 1 to 4 seconds, using 1 to 16 lasers in the array. In another embodiment the scanner uses a multi-faceted polygonal rotating mirror. In this embodiment the medium is moved continuously which simplifies its control.
FIG. 5 shows the processing of information performed by the laser scanner. First, the electronic file 58 is sent to the laser scanner. Next, metadata which is embedded in or attached to the electronic file is extracted and ascribed to the document and appended 62 to the data. For the visual records, visual headers and visual table of contents entries, the information is checked for color content 66. If color is present then the color is separated 68 into multiple visual records with one visual record for each color component. The information is then checked for gray-scale content 70. If present, the gray-scale information is converted to halftones 72. A decision 74 is made whether or not to scale 76 the width, length and resolution of the document. Then, metadata which is derived from the foregoing processing and also is descriptive of record placement on the media and other characteristics is appended 64 to the data. Finally, the information is written into the optical recording medium 50 by controlling the laser beam intensity and relative position 78.
For digital records, digital headers and digital table of contents entries, after the ascribed metadata is appended 62, the information undergoes error correction coding 80. A formatting process 82 then arranges the information into fixed length traverse or longitudinal scan rows and decides which laser of the array will write the data. An optical encoding process 84 converts the digital ones and zeros to appropriate laser intensities using pulse width modulation, pulse position modulation, or other suitable modulation scheme. Then, metadata which is derived from the foregoing processing and also is descriptive of record placement on the media and other characteristics is appended 64 to the data. Finally, the laser intensity and position control process 78 writes the information into the optical recording medium 50.
Several types of readers can be used to extract the information from the optical recording media such as a white light optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, or an acoustic microscope. Where the media is of hole burning or crystallographic phase change type, the preferred embodiment to read the visual records, visual headers and visual table of contents entries is a monitor connected to a television camera with an objective lens having a numerical aperture in the range of 0.4 to 0.6. The digital image file can then be re-created by re-digitizing the visual information, for example by using a video frame grabber. For magnetooptical medium polarizing plates are inserted into the optical path to make the information visible. For pit-forming medium phase-contrast plates are used. Where color documents have been separated into multiple visual images a multibeam microscope is used. Each beam of this microscope has a color filter which tints the individual color component images the appropriate color. Additional optics merge all of the beams back into one full color image. Where 3-dimensional scenes have been stored as multiple images within a document a stereoscopic microscope is used to view the 3-dimensional scene. The two images can be recorded digitally on the optical medium as separate files, which can be read and processed by a computer to generate a 3-dimensional display on an appropriate monitor.
The preferred embodiment of an optical reader for retrieving the digital records, digital headers and digital table of contents entries is a one-dimensional photo detector array which senses the full width of the record as the medium moves past. In an alternative embodiment the digital information is read using a galvanometer or rotating mirror laser scanner.
Although multiple embodiments of the invention have been shown and described it will be understood by those skilled in the art that many possible variations can be made without departing from the scope of this invention. This invention is not limited by the specific embodiments, rather it is defined in the following claims.
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Owner name: STORAGE TECHNOLOGY CORPORATION, COLORADO
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£ 95.00 including tax
A visual snapshot of unrestrained self-expression captured in 25 prints curated by Pharrell Williams.
Fleur de Lys Print
This Fleur-de-Lys print is inspired by the symbol of a lily that has been associated with the French monarchy for centuries and the French nation as a whole today. Traditionally, its three petals represent the three medieval European social classes: "those who worked", "those who fought", and "those who prayed."
Tapered Fit
- Regular waistband
- Regular rise
- Legs narrow down from top to bottom
- Button fly
Lucas Canvas Fleur de Lys
The G-Star Elwood X25 3D Tapered Men's Jeans is cut from soft, longwearing canvas with a richly textured surface.
- Fine canvas
- Soft and comfortable
- Unique to G-Star pattern
- 100% cotton
Fleur de Lys Print
Washing instructions
- 30° normal process
- Do not bleach
- Do not tumble dry
- Low temperature iron 110°
- Do not dry clean
- Line dry/hang to dry
- Wash inside out
- Wash separately or with similar colours
- Do not iron print, trims and accessories
- Contains non-textile parts of animal origin
Art. nr.: D04956-9036-8670

subset: commoncrawl


text: The 7th Rural Water Supply Network (RWSN) Forum will run from 29 November to 2 December 2016 in Abidjan, Côte D'Ivoire. This year's theme is 'Water for everyone', and the forum will centre around the practical implications of aiming to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular Target 6.1 to achieve universal access to safe, affordable water by 2030. About the network and forum Water supply professionals and practitioners came together to form the RWSN, aiming to raise standards of knowledge and evidence, technical and professional competence, and practice and policy in rural water supply. Occurring every five years, the forum is a unique event. It provides a chance for professionals from all types of organisations and at all levels – including manual drilling entrepreneurs, government ministers, and academics – to come together. The forum is bilingual – discussions will be in French and English. The aim of the forum is to explore as a sector: How are we going to reach the SDGs in rural areas and small towns? What has worked well in the past? What needs to be done differently in the future? WaterAid has been part of the RWSN since its inception. The network has provided opportunities to share our work, learn from others, and to interact. It has enabled practitioners to become published authors through peer-review mechanisms, driving forward critical reflection and thinking. WaterAid and RWSN WaterAid is part of the RWSN steering committee and is a key sponsor of the forum. Discussions will be cross-cutting around five RWSN themes, covering: Accessing self-supply Sustainable groundwater development Equality, non-discrimination and inclusion Sustainable services Mapping and monitoring We are excited to be part of the forum and share experiences with professionals and practitioners who are passionate about the issues around rural water supply. We look forward to widening our perspective and improving knowledge in our areas of work. The forum will provide an opportunity to enrich work in the sector and align our work with that of others, rather than working in our own silos. The cross-sharing will help ensure that practitioners are not re-inventing the wheel, and that reinforcement of messages from past experiences and learning will continuously add value.


text:
Too many sites seem to fade into the background. Some owners just do not put any effort into differentiating their sites from any other in the same business, and so those sites just become part of the internet landscape. Then there are those sites that stand out, ready for potential customers to go to when they need the services or products that the site represents. Although they may seem ubiquitous, those sites usually have the advantage of pay-per-click branding going for them. This is an advantage any site can have.
PPC branding is not that hard to create. The problem is making full use of it. Too many businesses do a half-hearted PPC campaign that does not really do them any good. They see the limited ad space and either give just the basic information or call it quits after a mere month of trying it if they are not getting the response that they wanted. That inability to stick it out is usually the first problem — just like anything new it takes a little bit for the PPC campaign to stick. Be aware that once the campaign sticks, however, it can truly take off.
The limited ad space can be a major problem for PPC branding, especially for the smaller ads. Although the larger ads cost a bit more, they do allow the business to better define who they are and what they can do. That extra cost may be worth it, especially for a business that can not only afford it but also really wants to make its presence known. On the other hand, a business that focuses on a single product at a time or is just starting out can make do with a smaller ad space.
There are other considerations when it comes to PPC branding, of course. It is harder to place a larger ad for some services, as those offering the space prefer to break it up into smaller parcels. Some ad services do this in order to fill the space with more ads, as few people actually buy that amount of ad space. This has the unfortunate consequence of forcing most businesses to think in terms of the small ads rather than the larger ones. Nonetheless, this should not be seen as a bad thing, especially if you design your ad well enough that it stands out even among other ads.
The ability of pay-per-click branding to help define your business for others cannot be overstated. It is easy to dismiss the ads as small, but they do help others find your business. It is a matter of using the right keywords, but using those keywords to effect can virtually define your PPC branding by determining which sites the ads appear on. Ultimately the problem will be tweaking the campaign so as to better able the ads to show up on sites that you want it show up on. Tweak the ads and stay in the game, and PPC can help your branding.


text:
Thousand Oaks, Calif., quarterback Ben Olson recently completed the Elite 11 Quarterback Camp.
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Subscribe today to read the full article and get everything Rivals has to offer.
- Member-only message boards
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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] Having as main character to Clynell Jackson III y Arnar Jónsson, this film directed by Sigurgeir Orri Sigurgeirsson was premiered in theaters in 2009. The film "Alfred Eliasson & Loftleidir Icelandic" had an original production of Iceland. You can watch Alfred Eliasson & Loftleidir Icelandic online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in Icelandic at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2009.
Rating: 5 by 24 users./
Runtime: 131 minutes
Clynell Jackson III and Arnar Jónsson.
131-minute film (full movie) directed by Sigurgeir Orri Sigurgeirsson.
The original audio of Alfred Eliasson & Loftleidir Icelandic has dialogues in or Icelandic, it was produced in Iceland.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2009.
Screenplay written by Jakob F. Asgeirsson and Sigurgeir Orri Sigurgeirsson.
Gudmundur Bergkvist and Jón Viðar Edgarsson.
Sigurgeir Orri Sigurgeirsson.
This film was produced and / or financed by Heimildarmyndir.
Sam Film.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Alfred Eliasson & Loftleidir Icelandic has a duration of 131 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in English or Icelandic in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Alfred Eliasson & Loftleidir Icelandic in FULLTV Movies.


text:
Of all the categories in the NFL Nation player survey, the "most respected" was the one that piqued my interest more than the others. I like to hear how players view their peers on other teams.
Of the 10 players surveyed, I heard nine different answers. The only repeat was Broncos quarterback Peyton Manning.
For me, the qualities of the most respected player is one who rises up in the critical situations, has done it for an extended period of time, and carries himself with class in victory or defeat.
I thought Colts receiver Reggie Wayne would be a good choice, especially after hearing one Patriot mention him. I also like the fact he stayed with one team throughout his career, which isn't always an option for players, but it's a choice that Wayne made in 2012 after the team bottomed out and he was a free agent.
ESPN analyst Tedy Bruschi, a lifetime Patriot, sometimes talks about his approach of preferring to "right the ship" instead of "jumping ship."
That type of approach leads to respect and it's one of the reasons Wayne gets the vote from here.


text:
The Federation of Canada's Professional Chemists/Fédération des chimistes professionnels du Canada (FCPC) was established at an inaugural annual general meeting held in Vancouver on June 1, 2014. The founding members were six provincial organizations, the associations of the chemical profession of Ontario, Alberta, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, l'Ordre des chimistes du Québec and the Nova Scotia Chemical Society. Together they represent the interests of over 4,200 chemists across Canada.
Professional Chemists Sign Mobility Agreement
The Ordre des chimistes du Quebec is producing a series of videos promoting the Chemical Profession. We are pleased to share them with you.
Emily's story, chemist in research and development
L'histoire d'Émilie, chimiste en recherche-développement
Chemist in environment
Theme by Danetsoft and Danang Probo Sayekti inspired by Maksimer


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text:
As I was growing up, my father always baked all our bread. I have incredible memories of helping him knead the dough, and of spreading thick layers of butter and honey onto the first pieces hot from the oven. Ever since I can remember, he's always used the same recipe, so I was surprised this past Sunday when I walked into my parents' kitchen to see a loaf the color of pumpkin bread cooling on the rack. When I asked him about it, he told me that he'd been reading David Servan-Schrieber's Anticancer, and that he'd been really intrigued by a chapter on the benefits of spices, especially turmeric.
Late last year, Tufts University researchers found that supplementing lab mouse diets with pretty small amounts of turmeric seemed to decrease weight gain and lower cholesterol. A second, widely reported study in the British Journal of Cancer found that in a lab, turmeric was able to attack and kill cancer cells in as little as 24 hours. Simultaneously, it sent out "cell death signals" that caused the cancer cells to actually digest themselves.
Lastly, turmeric–like all spices–is exceptionally full of antioxidants. Just a teaspoonful can have more impact than several cups of some fruits and vegetables. Impressive stuff, thought my dad. So after over 30 years, he made a very simple adjustment to the Long Family Whole Wheat Bread recipe–he added a teaspoon of turmeric. You wouldn't think that little would make a difference, but I can tell you firsthand: It really, really did. The bread was delicious. Sort of earthy and peppery. I couldn't stop eating it.
As we speak, my dad's forging ahead with a cumin variant (cumin, for the record, is great for stomach problems and has some anti-bacterial qualities). And there's been a (questionable, in my opinion) request for cardamum.
What I loved most about all of this was the fact that it was such a strong–and flavorful–reminder of how big health benefits don't always require major changes. Sometimes a little shift can be just enough. Below, this very tried, true, and now tweaked up recipe.
Spencer's Whole Wheat Bread (with Turmeric)
2 cups water
1/3 cup olive oil
1 cup unbleached white flour
21/2 cups stone ground whole wheat flour
1/2 cup 10 grain flour
1 teaspoon salt
1/2 packet yeast
1/4 cup brown sugar
1 teaspoon turmeric
Pour the water and olive oil in a bread machine, then mix in all the dry ingredients. Bake on a standard or basic cycle.


text:
You remember that devastating episode of Angel, where Buffy and Angel are reunited for one single day, before they're cruelly torn apart again?
An eagle-eyed redditor spotted this amazing little slip-up in the possibly most upsetting scene of Angel's entire run.
Turns out, Sarah Michelle Gellar is pretty invested in Buffy/Angel. Like, SUPER invested. So much so that when it came time to shoot the scene where Angel tells Buffy that she would forget the perfect day they had together, SMG can't handle it.
The scene below is the real Sarah Michelle Gellar really sobbing, the real Sarah Michelle Gellar really losing it over losing Angel and that's the real David Boreanaz telling the real Sarah Michelle Gellar it's OK.
It has to be seen to be experienced but at 2.36...it's magic...
In case you missed it, it looks like this:


text:
Oxford Farming Conference
DEFRA must do more than planned 'reshape'
Truss has pledged to increase capital funding by 12% this parliament in order to upgrade the response to animal and plant diseases, improve flood defences and modernise DEFRA.
NFU president Meurig Raymond welcomed Truss's commitment to reduce flood risks, but said more attention must be given to other policies too.
"Integration and joined up approaches with its agencies is a necessity, particularly given the savings DEFRA has to make," he said.
'Biggest cost'
"Despite her enthusiasm for UK agriculture, I am surprised that Liz Truss did not cover the impacts of the introduction of a national living wage. Employment is the single biggest cost for many horticultural businesses and this policy would make UK produce simply uncompetitive."
Raymond called for funding for flood maintenance activities that surpassed the current media frenzy as a result of the devastation in northern England and Wales.
As part of the 12% funding boost to £2.7bn, DEFRA committed to better protecting over a million acres of prime farmland through its investment in flood defences by 2021.
DEFRA's plan for restructure
- Becomes more efficient
- Give greater control to farmers and local communities
- Invest in improving resilience, including in animal and plant disease response
- Invest in flood defences
- Create new Great British Food Unit to drive up exports
It will also lift rules preventing farmers from removing debris – such as silt – from their own ditches without permission.
Invest and grow exports
DEFRA would also make 15% efficiency savings, allowing it to invest in technology and digital systems, grow exports, invest in world-leading science, improve protection against animal and plant diseases and flood defences, Truss told the Oxford Farming Conference.
"In the past, the department and its agencies have been accused of operating in silos – looking just at flood protection, just farming or just the environment. This is going to change," she said.
"And we have been criticised for taking too much decision-making out of local hands. While it is right that we manage major national risks, it does not mean we should seek to micro-manage everything."
DEFRA's agencies – the Environment Agency, the Animal and Plant Health Agency, Rural Payments Agency and Natural England will move to one back office to save money on administration costs, spend more on the frontline operation and work towards one clear goal, Truss added.


text:
Bianca Phillips
November 30, 2012 at 11:49AM
The monthly "Cherry" party for lesbians and their friends will feature a return performance by burlesque dancer Kitty Wompas and special guest Lady Doo Moi at Cafe Society on Saturday, December 1st. As always, host Julie Wheeler will sing a few tunes and provide comedy.
Bianca Phillips
November 28, 2012 at 4:35PM
A pair of researchers at the University of Mississippi, Alicia Cambron and Sheryl Chatfield, are seeking participants for a study examining the barriers to physical activity for the LGBTQ community. According to the study's home page, "research suggests that some individuals within the LGBTQ communities experience poorer health outcomes when compared to self-identified heterosexuals."
Bianca Phillips
November 26, 2012 at 1:58PM
World AIDS Day is December 1st, and there's plenty going on around town to commemorate the event. * The City of Memphis Office of Youth Services is hosting the 2nd annual World AIDS Day event on Thursday, November 29th at 4 p.m. at the Glenview Community Center (1141 S. Barksdale).
Bianca Phillips
November 20, 2012 at 11:56AM
A Facebook fan page has launched for a new gay bar set to open in Memphis. But the when and where remain a mystery.
Bianca Phillips
November 15, 2012 at 11:17AM
Ever wonder what terms are okay to use when referring to transgender friends or family members? An all-day seminar this Saturday, November 17th will lay down the proper etiquette.
Bianca Phillips
November 14, 2012 at 1:49PM
Memphis native filmmaker Ira Sachs' latest film, Keep the Lights On runs through Thursday, November 15th at Malco's Studio on the Square. The Teddy Award-winning film chronicles the relationship between a gay Manhattan man and a closeted lawyer as they experience friendship, love, and then crippling addiction.
Bianca Phillips
November 9, 2012 at 11:00AM
The Memphis Gay & Lesbian Community Center (MGLCC) is hosting a networking event for business professionals on Thursday, November 15th from 5:30-7:30 p.m. at The Tower Center at Clark Tower. The event is free and open to local corporate employee resource groups, business owners and entrepreneurs, LGBT and ally professionals, and their family and friends.
Bianca Phillips
November 8, 2012 at 9:00AM
The annual Transgender Day of Remembrance will be held Sunday, November 11th from 6 to 7 p.m. at First Congregational Church (1000 S. Cooper). The candlelight vigil and memorial service honors the lives of transgender and gender non-conforming victims of violence.
Bianca Phillips
November 6, 2012 at 2:59PM
Several times each month, Memphis Gaydar will feature Q&As with LGBT Memphians who are making a difference. For the inaugural LGBT Voices post, we've chosen Will Batts, the executive director of the Memphis Gay & Lesbian Community Center (MGLCC), which has offered programs, services, and support for LGBT Memphians since 1989.
Bianca Phillips
November 5, 2012 at 3:02PM
If the polls are any indication, this Election Day is going to be a nail-biter. Don't nibble your nails alone (or at all).
Chris Davis
November 2, 2012 at 2:25PM
We've learned something about The Commercial Appeal's management this week: They don't think much of gay people. The newspaper won't take sexual enhancement ads on the grounds that some readers might be offended.
Bianca Phillips
November 1, 2012 at 4:41PM
In response to a full-page, anti-gay ad that ran in The Commercial Appeal last week, a group of LGBT advocacy organizations have begun a food drive for the Mid-South Food Bank. The anonymous organization behind the ad, known only as Memphis Churches of Christ, reportedly paid around $15,000 for the spot.
© 2017 Memphis Flyer


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Cho'Gath Build Guide by Clortho
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
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AP MId Lane
Cho'Gath Build
First Course
Second Course
Third Course
Ala Carte
Boot Enchantments
Example Final Build #1
Example Final Build #2
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
You are cordially invited to be served for dinner.
Cho'Gath is a beast of a champion. Most people think of him as a tank but thats not all he can do. Yeah hes got tons of HP but not much else to make him tanky. On top of that people forget that he is a burst king. I three shot AP and AD carries with this build all the time. Q+W+R and they are dead. Landing the first Q Rupture is tricky, but its slow effect and the silence of W Feral Scream make it easy to catch up and destroy them with his R Feast. Why do you need to catch up? 'Cause they always run.
If you build all the Needlessly Large Rod based items your Feast will easily top 1k true damage. Thats right, over one thousand true damage. On top of that he has great sustain. His ability to stay in a lane farming while your opponent has to recall to heal means that you snowball CS faster and can take the enemy's tower sooner. Once the towers gone you can assist other lanes and carry your team to victory. If you don't have the most or second most CS on your team you aren't playing him right.
Pros / Cons
Great sustain
Great burst damage
Good CC abilities
Very versatile
Naturally tanky
A terror mid and late game
Unbeatable 1v1 late game
Slow movement speed
Mana hungry early
I bit weak before he gets his ult
Losing stacks is a real setback
No escape without flash
Big target
Rupture is a difficult skillshot and tricky to master
Probably the most interesting Pro of taking Cho'Gath mid is that no one thinks of Cho'Gath as a mid champion. While this build is pretty good top, my play style recommendations probably wont fit very well because you will be dealing with a different flavor of champion. Top tends to be tanky, mid tends to be squishy. By exploiting the narrow mindedness of the meta and forcing the enemy mid to fight a tanky champ that can also deal damage you will throw them off guard. But the real reason this works so well is you are almost never counter picked! When people see Cho'Gath in the lobby they think top or jungle, not mid. It wont do much good for the enemy top to counter pick you only to be facing a completely different champion than they were expecting.
Table Manners (Masteries)
The masteries build here is simple: AP + Tanky. Now, with this build you wont be a tank, or even an off tank, but you will have the stones to be on the front line and hold your own in a fight. Don't think you can take on the whole enemy team yourself though. You will be able to absorb some damage but mostly it will be your HP that keeps you alive. If you get caught by the whole enemy team you simply wont last. Cho'gath doesn't have an escape ability and if your Flash is on cooldown you are probably done for.
Dinner Clothes (Runes)
Runes are a funny thing. Since they cost money many people tend to skimp on them and have a weird selection available, so I wont waste space with them. Basically you want AP and Armor. Maybe CD reduction, maybe attack speed, whatever you feel you need. But always AP and Armor. Build on top of that and fill in what you can with what you have.
Fashionable Accessories (Items)
AP is your main focus, thats why I have chosen all three items that use the Needlessly Large Rod. 480 AP just from items. To start though you'll want Doran's Ring. Two of them depending on how the match is going. Some people poo-poo going with two Doran's but they are what keep you going early. Without them you will be mana starved and unable to use your abilities when you need to early game. Sell them later but only when you are out of space. If you are really on a roll you can skip the second Doran's and jump strait to Chalice of Harmony.
The Chalice is your mid game sustain item. Without it you will be useless and will require the blue buff just to keep up the pressure. With it you can go the whole game without the blue buff and not even miss it. You're jungler will love you if you tell them that you wont be needing any of their buffs.
Next that start on the Rod of Ages and don't stop until you finish it. Its most useful the sooner you get it and its already well back in your build so you have to focus it and make it your first finished final item. Next finish your boots (maybe even picking up HomeGuard if you have the cash) and Athene's Unholy Grail. Athene's will make you a mana god. You will never run out and you will be able to spam your ability without worrying about your blue bar. The AP it gives doesn't hurt either. Its restoration of 12% of your mana on kill an assists is key in teamfights.
Next comes a tricky bit as the options for this build open up. You should always get Rabadon's Deathcap but should you start Zhonya's Hourglass? Or maybe skip Zhonya's get build an Abyssal Mask? Use your judgment. If you are wiping the floor with them (and you should be) get Rabadon's, if you are struggling to survive go for Zhonya's, if they are stacking magic resistance get Abyssal. If you go for Zhonya's get the Seeker's Armguard first then the large rod second. The rod wont do you much good if you aren't surviving teamfights. Finish the build off with the Deathfire Grasp or a Liandry's Torment or a Morellonomicon. and remember to use it and Zhonya's when the need should arise. Deathfire is great for taking down tankier opponents but shouldn't be necessary for squishier ones unless your ultimate is down. Lead off the fight with Deathfire, don't use it to finish people off. It has a very nice bonus to damage that wont do you much good if you use the item to kill your target. Going with Liandry's or the Morellonomicon will reduce the power of your ult somewhat but will make your other abilities really pile on the damage. If you find that enemy champs are escaping with low HP or that the enemy team clumps together during teamfights go with either (or both) Liandry's or the Morellonomicon.
Finally, your boots. I generally go with Homegaurd simply because it gets you back into the fight faster and is very valuable to have mid game (if you can afford it that soon). Furor is not to be overlooked though. Go with what fits your needs.
Light Dinner Conversation (Abilities)
Carnivore, Cho'Gath' passive, is your sustain. You get a little bit of HP and mana with every minion you kill. Always be sure to get the last hit in so you pick up that little boost and the gold.
You may be wondering why I focus on Feral Scream and later Vorpal Spikes over Rupture. Rupture is just a CC or poke ability in this build, not a main damage dealer. Because it is difficult to land due the slowness of its cast and is easily dodged by many champs I feel that it has reduced utility compared to your other abilities. Its also difficult to master. I had to play a lot of Cho'Gath before I could land it reliably. You must either cast it centered directly under an enemy when they are stationary and hope they are slow enough that they can't get out of the way or lead your aim in their direction of travel and hope they don't change course. That said, use it whenever you have the mana. It does great damage early game and is very useful when chasing down enemies plus it has the shortest cooldown time of your castable abilities. In a pinch it can also help you escape a fight with its slow, but that is an unreliable outcome. Its just that I feel your other ability are better when leveled compared to Rupture.
Feral Scream is your bread and butter ability. It does great damage mid and late game, can silence opponents and has much greater range than most people think. While many ability's hit boxes stop before the animation does, Feral Scream actually extends slightly farther than its animation. You can use this to pick up some extra damage against opponent that get too close or to wipe out an entire minion wave if they are low and you position correctly. Its cooldown is a bit on the long side so its best to use a hit and run tactic when you are laning. Lead with rupture, rely on its slow effect so you can close in and cast Feral Scream. Once its off back away and get out of range of the enemy before the silence effect wears off.
Vorpal Spikes is your farming ability. You should max it next after Feral Scream. If you position correctly you can damage entire minion waves with it or even damage incoming minion waves while attacking your opponents tower. Its basically a damage over area ability that casts every time you land a basic attack. This is what gives Cho'Gath his pushing ability and even lets him pile on damage in team fights when low on mana. It passes through all enemies and objects. Just remember to turn it off if you want to damage a tower with an enemy near by without pulling aggro from the tower.
Last, but no where near least, we have Feast. Feast is what makes Cho'Gath truly scary. Each use that kills its target, champion or minion, give you a stack. Maxing out at 6 stacks with this ability at level three gives you 600 extra health! With this build maxxed it does over 1k true damage to enemy champions and over 1.6k true damage to NPCs! This can be invaluable when going for Dragon/Baron or a stealing a jungle buff. Using Feast to finish a Q+W combo is almost always a death sentence against a squishy target and will even give tanks pause. A full stack of HP disappearing from a single hit will make anyone think twice about staying in a battle.
Setting the Table. (Laning Phase)
Laning with Cho'Gath mid can be tricky. Hes a bit squishy early on, mana hungry and hes mostly a melee champion which means you can end up low on HP and zoned if you aren't careful. He also doesn't have any natural escapes so ganking can really ruin your day. But his tankyness, burstyness and sustain can really help you snowball.
Generally I like to use my Feral Scream early and often to pick up minion kills, push the lane and whittle away at my opponents HP. Many people freak out if you push the lane, especially junglers, who complain they can't gank for you when pushed. Just remember to reset yourself when you push. Don't stay to watch your minions die waiting for the enemy jungler to gank you. Once you've cleared the enemy minions, step back and wait for the enemy and their tower to push the lane back. Remember, while a tower killing one of your minions will give the enemy XP it wont give them any gold! Make their own tower their own worst enemy. Push the lane, let the tower kill your minions, maybe use Rupture a few times to interrupt their farming and then pull back before the jungler shows up.
Remember that Feral Scream as a bit longer range than most people think. Use that to whittle away at your enemy. Once you hit level two use a Rupture+ Feral Scream combo to pick up easy damage. Q to pop them up and slow them so you can move in, W to pile on more damage and silence them and then pull back before the silence wears off so they can't do anything more than basic attacks in response. Don't even try for a basic attack, just hit and run.
Once you have Vorpal Spikes you can really start farming. Once you have your timing down you can clear a lane of enemy minions very quickly. Use Vorpal Spikes plus your passive to keep your HP and mana topped off and keep then lane pushed so the enemy tower takes half your opponents CS.
Generally I don't buy wards but if this style of play is new to you, you will be well severed in having some. Buy one with the extra money left over when you get your first Doran's and pick up one or two every time you go back if you have the gold and the space. After awhile you get a feel for when the ganks will come and you'll know how much damage you'll be looking at absorbing. Just because a jungler has popped out of the bush doesn't mean you are in any danger. A well timed Rupture will kill their forward momentum and allow you to get back to safety without eating too much damage. A wave or two of minions plus your passive and its like it never happened. Still, try to keep Flash off cooldown. Only use it to escape or pick up a confirmed kill. Waste it at your own peril.
Once you've picked up Feast the kills will start rolling in. 300 base damage to start off with can go a long way. By this time you should have 1 point in both Rupture and Vorpal Spikes and 3 points in Feral Scream. Your Q+W+R combo will be complete and picking up kills will become much easier. At level 6 you can easily do about 700 damage with that combo and most mid champs wont have a whole lot more than that around the same level. If it looks like you wont be picking up a champion kill anytime soon use Feast to kill the siege minion in one hit and start building your stacks and keep the lanes pushed.
As the night wears on... (After Laning Phase)
if you're doing it right you should be the first or second lane on your team to take its tower even without help from your jungler. Once its down push the lane good and hard and start roaming. Its generally a good idea to help the bottom lane first but if they have things well in hand give top some assistance. Periodically return to keep the enemy away from your tower but spend most of your time pushing other lanes, getting towers and picking up kills before the teamfight phase begins. Sometimes this takes awhile, sometimes you have no time at all.
When grouped for teamfights use your Rupture to poke the enemy, reveal bushes and push the lanes. If your AP is high enough you can kill all three of the range minions with one shot. Even if it doesn't finish them a single basic attack with Vorpal Spikes is generally all thats needed to clean them up. A Q+W combo and also generally take out the 3 melee minions as well. Q is also handy for slowing the retreat of an enemy that has ventured too far from their team. Many an unwary champion has lost their life when my Q has caught them unprepared only to have the rest of my team pounce on them for an easy kill.
Use Feral Scream in teamfights. Its cone of damage can hit their entire team if they are standing close enough together and it will interrupt any channeled ability like the ultimates of Shen, Katarina, Miss Fortune or Nunu. Its cooldown is longer than Q so try not to waste it.
Vorpal Spikes should be left on almost at all times. The only time you show ever turn it off is if you are attacking a tower with an enemy champion near by and you don't want to aggro the tower by damaging that champion. You might also be thinking of putting points into Q instead of E at this point but don't do it. Your spikes can pick up quite a lot of damage in a teamfight simply because of their area effect. That little extra damage can be the difference between your team getting an ace and you team getting aced.
Party Guests (Enemy Champs)
Who will you meet mid lane at tonights party? Lets see who is on the guest list...
These champs generally are easy fights. They are squishy and easy to kill if you catch them. You should not lose your lane to them unless they are well above your skill level or they get lots of help.
|Stay away from his stun card (yellow) and call mias when he roams/ults (if he is any good he will at least try). Don't bother following, you aren't fast enough. ALWAYS call MIA. Dodge his skillshots and combo Q+W+R and hes dead.
|His slow and escape can be annoying but you should be tanky enough to handle his damage. Get him a little low and land a Q+W+R combo and you'll be picking him out of your teeth. Just be sure to let the other lanes know if he goes on walkabout.
Interesting Conversation
Not pushovers but not real threats either.
|Ryze can dump on the damage, has a ranged basic attack and is a bit tankier than most mids but he doesn't have the sustain to truly beat Cho'Gath there. Keep him at a distance with Q and W so you can farm and wait for your chance to strike.
Truly Engaging
Tricky to fight but quite doable if you know what you are doing.
Do you're best to make sure they aren't invited.
You don't have to go home but you can't stay here.
Thank you for reading my guide. Its my first effort so its not as snazzy as many of the guides out there but I (hopefully) will keep working on it and jazz it up a bit more in the future. If you have any suggestions or question please feel free to comment. Good luck and I will see you on he Fields of Justice!


text:
My Mother's Garden
Ever since I can remember, my Mother has had a garden. At our old house it was small, and I was young. When we moved to our 'new' house there was more yard, and therefore more space for a larger garden. At first it was a small rectangle garden out in the yard with the two trees and the swing set. Small tree was cut down and the garden grew. Then there was the pool, then there wasn't the pool and the garden grew again. Larger and larger and more elaborate the garden grew. More plants, more types of plants, fruit trees, herbs, flowers etc. Sometime in the early 80's my Father bought a Canon AE-1 Program camera and a couple lenses. If I remember correctly a 70-210 zoom, and a 35-105mm macro lens.


text:
Vince Bayou
|Vince Bayou
|United States
|Physical characteristics
|Main source
|Harris County, Texas
|River mouth
|Buffalo Bayou, Harris County, Texas
|Basin features
|Basin size
|Vince Bayou Watershed
Vince Bayou, also known as Vince's Bayou, is a river that rises in southeast Harris County, Texas and runs northwest, through Pasadena and the city of South Houston, for a total of 19 channel miles (which include the reach of one minor tributary)[1] to its mouth on the Houston Ship Channel (the lower reaches of Buffalo Bayou).[2]
Very little wildlife habitat exists, and the estimated population within the Vince Bayou watershed is just under 89,000 persons.[3]
During Tropical Storm Allison, in June of the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season, the watershed received in excess of 13 inches (330 mm) of rain in a 24-hour period, resulting in bayou channel overbanking that flooded 1,500 homes in a 4.1-square-mile (11 km2) area.[1]
See also[edit]
External links[edit]
Coordinates: 29°40′N 95°12′W / 29.667°N 95.200°W
|This article about a location in Harris County, Texas is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
|This article related to a river in Texas is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.


text:
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Catalogue No: EL-00015380


text:
Battery Box For Optima Batteries Fits Dune Buggy & Sand Rail
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custom-built engines
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passion for air-cooled
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a message from joe
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text:
January 10, 2007
A study by researchers in the Netherlands has found that people who are temperamentally pessimistic are more likely to die of heart disease and other causes than those who are by nature optimistic, says Richard A. Friedman, M.D., professor of clinical psychiatry and the director of the Psychopharmacology Clinic at Weill Cornell Medical Center.
According to the study's authors:
- Subjects with the highest level of optimism were 45 percent less likely than those with the highest level of pessimism to die of all causes during the study.
- For those in the quartile with the highest optimism score, the death rate was 30.4 percent.
- Those in the most pessimistic quartile had a death rate of 56.5 percent.
But finding a correlation between certain attitudes and health outcomes doesn't, of course, prove causality, says Friedman. Maybe pessimists have shorter lives because they are physically sicker to start with than optimists, or they are suffering from undiagnosed depression.
At this point, pessimism in the absence of clinical depression is not considered a disease or a risk factor for developing one. But if these data are replicated, perhaps it should be, says Friedman. It is not so far-fetched if you consider that depression is associated with alterations in many neurotransmitters and hormones like cortisol, which can adversely affect physical health. Pessimism could have the same effect.
Source: Richard A. Friedman, "Yet Another Worry for Those Who Believe the Glass Is Half-Empty," January 9, 2007; based upon: Erik J. Giltay et al., "Dispositional Optimism and All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a Prospective Cohort of Elderly Dutch Men and Women," Archives of General Psychiatry, Vo. 61, No. 11, November 2004.
For text (subscription required):
For study abstract:
Browse more articles on Health Issues


text:
I am passionate about both erotica and romance. I read
my first Mills and Boon when I was eight and a year later secretly read my first book of erotica, The Ring of Bondage.
This book is sadly now out-of-print, but I still have a vivid memory of the stories.
I penned my
first work of erotica almost fifteen years ago, an untitled two-page short story written purely for personal titillation -
I love twins and let's say it was very effective. Eighteen months ago the story became Double the Trouble
as I finally gave in to the compulsion to write. Once I started writing I couldn't stop and within two months I had
written another seven stories. The feedback I got from family and close friends was encouraging, so I decided to publish the
eight stories as one volume. The name Bedtime Erotica exactly conveyed the message I wanted to get across to the
reader – erotica for reading curled up in a cosy bed with a partner or a favourite toy.
I started
writing Bedtime Erotica For Freaks (like me) even before I approved the final draft of Bedtime Erotica.
A friend had commented that she wanted less storyline and more sex after she had read my first story so I decided to make
this book steamier and less romantic. I reveal my darker side in this book. It will not appeal to all the people who liked
my first book but I am sure, like me, there are readers who have their freakier moments.
Erotica for Men is not strictly for the male population, although the seven stories were written with men in mind. I
find the stories extremely erotic myself and anyone, male or female, who enjoyed my first two books will definitely enjoy
this one too. This book isn't as freaky as the second but it is raunchier than the first.
three books are explicit, and are enjoyed by both sexes based on the feedback I have received, but I wrote Bedtime Erotica
for women who like their sex well-done, Bedtime Erotica For Freaks (like me) for men and women who like their sex
rare or kinky and Bedtime Erotica for Men for men who like their sex medium-rare.
I have no
immediate plans to write any more books in this series but two of my closest friends are lesbians and they have told me that
I must write Bedtime Erotica for Lesbians. They have promised to provide free consultation, but perhaps I will stick
to what I know!
by @Lexy_Harper
Actors & Actressses:
Angela Bassett, Cecily Tyson, Denzel Washington, Gene Hackman, Meryl Streep, Morgan Freeman, Robert Duvall &
Robert Redford.
of Africa, Soul Food, The Color Purple, The Natural & The Shawshank Redemption.
Aretha Franklin,
Barry White, Beverley Knight, Des'ree, Erkyah Badu, India Arie, Patti LaBelle & Whitney Houston.
Beloved, The Color Purple, The God of Small Things & Their Eyes Were Watching God,
which are all literary titles but sometimes I read purely for relaxation. Browse through my Gooreads and Shelfari
bookshelves below to see how diverse my tastes are:
or whom do you dislike most?
Demanding celebrities who behave like they are royalty.
are your favourite animals?
Big cats
– tigers especially.
How do you relax?
By having sex or reading a romance novel.
What do you consider
your greatest achievement?
Being published
and having people enjoy my writing.
If you could travel to any country in the world, which would it be?
What do you like to see
most on a man? Boxers or briefs?
but my men always seem to like boxers.
What keeps you up at night?
The thought that I will die before writing my best novel.
are you most content?
When I'm writing
or reading.
What would improve the quality of your life?
Earning enough royalties to support the charities I am passionate about.
What song would you like played at your funeral?
You Gotta Be by Des'ree.
© Lexy Harper | All Rights Reserved


text:
The US, Canada and the European Union are set to file a joint complaint with the World Trade Organisation against China's import tariffs on auto parts.
The complaint could be filed as soon as this week, The Wall Street Journal said on its website, citing people familiar with the matter.
It would mark the first time the Western allies have teamed up to seek a formal investigation by the global trade body in a dispute with China.
In negotiations with the governments, China has refused to change its protectionist policy, which charges an average 25 per cent levy on imported auto parts. That leaves formal complaint as a last recourse at the WTO for the US, Canada and the EU.
The US exported only about $US540 million ($A720.4 million) of auto parts to China last year, a market estimated at $US19 billion ($A25.3 billion), the newspaper said.
The EU says its auto-parts exports to China are valued at about three billion euro ($A5.08 billion).
The complaint could result in punitive special tariffs being imposed on Beijing.


text:
Wukong Build Guide by DzRocked
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
Thank You!
Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
Wukong Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
This is just my own little "purchase list" I made for myself to have some fun with this editor. :P
This build was inspired by the 5v5 guide from BlackIceT. I found it works well in Twisted Treeline, however there are some items you can not get in that game mode. So I have revised it a little to fit the 3v3 map.
I may come back to this and edit it for some more information. If you would like any specific info put in this guide, please let me know, and I will do my best to accommodate it in.


text:
November of '56
Rockabilly artist Hayden Thompson storms out of the Sun Recording Studio at 706 Union Avenue, after wasting the whole day with Sam Phillips. The boys had been trying to work up some material good enough for an upcoming single, most of the songs that day were covers of old blues songs, but one "Cheese and Crackers" was penned by Hayden himself. Unfortunately the song's awkward structure left Hayden creatively lost. Disgusted at the lack of inspiration with the song, Hayden left the lyrics on top of the studio's beat up Wurlitzer piano and headed for home.
sittin' at the bar, high as a bat
when up walked to me, this old alley cat
he looked at me and said now son "Cheese and Crackers anyone?"
i said "No! I don't like 'em!"
At this point in time, the national music scene was ever changing, thanks directly to Sam and his little studio in Memphis. Not only did he make rhythm and blues popular with a white audience but he also introduced the world to Elvis Presley, Rock N' Roll, and Rockabilly.
However, in the 50's black music would chart on the rhythm and blues charts exclusively while white artists like Carl Perkins with "Blue Suede Shoes" would have crossover hits on the pop,country and R&B charts. Sam Phillips thought in '56 that the music scene was ready for black music to land on the pop charts if it was adapted for white radio,the artist he hoped would accomplish this was Roscoe Gordon...
Roscoe was already a star by that point having several #1 hits on the best blues labels at that time: Duke, RPM, Modern, and of course Sun. The main reason all the labels were attracted to Roscoe- his unique rhythm. Roscoe's "rhythm" accented the off beats and is actually credited as the foundation for Jamaica's reggae and ska music. (Yah man!)
Sam and Roscoe had already ventured in the Pop territory with a song called "The Chicken". The record was released in Dec. 1955 and started a dance craze. As a publicity stunt for the record Roscoe bought a chicken, named him Butch, and took him to appearances. The two became best of friends and worked up a routine at gigs, both would wear matching suits and while Roscoe performed, Butch would peck scotch out of a shot glass and dance on top of the piano. Unfortunately Butch succumbed to the Rock N' Roll lifestyle (alcoholism and chicken livers don't make a good couple) and passed away at an early age.
my friend got sick, laid up in the bed
Ole' doctor came over, you know what he said?
"Cheese and crackers anyone?"
I don't like 'em that's why I said No!
Back to the story...
Sam calls Roscoe and tells him to come to the studio for a night of recording, and Roscoe finds Hayden's unused lyrics on the piano and in about 10 minutes he has worked up the song as a shuffle. The novelty song is so strange that Sam reserves it for the B side and has Roscoe cut a Fats Domino inspired song called "Shoobie Oobie". Neither side cracked the charts but "Cheese and Crackers" was quoted by Billboard as the "weirdest record of the week."
Roscoe had a few more hits on the charts but walked away from it all to start a family with his second wife Barbara Kerr. Roscoe didn't perform again until his wife passed away in 1984. He also started to record and even though he suffered from diabetes, heart disease and a herniated disc he toured extensively and is seen in several major documentaries. In 2002, Roscoe returned to Memphis and played with old friends Ike Turner, Little Milton and B.B. King and even won a W.C. Handy award. He passed away July 11, 2002 at the age of 74. Tomorrow would of been his 80th birthday...
when i was just boy, still at home
that's before i decided to roam
when the dinner bell rang, you could hear my daddy yell...
"Cheese and Crackers anyone?!"
I said No!
You can hear a new version of "Cheese & Crackers" by Roscoe here: http://www.digitalvisionmedia.com/dualtone/rosco.html


text: I could not resist the temptation to try out the new house from Scarlet Creative at COLLABOR88 this month. Such a lovely, cozy space, I thought maybe, JUST MAYBE I would make a change. Fall is the time I often switch houses and despite missing my tree houses I was thinking perhaps this one is the one? Maybe I should settle into this snug space with it's interesting little alcoves and hallways? Continue reading


text:
Meteorologia Sinótica II ACA0523. 5 CA. Requisitos. ACA0522 – M eteorologia Sinótica I ACA0537 – Meteorologia Dinâmica I. Objetivos:.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.


text:
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