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Volkswagen unveiled its E-Bugster concept car at the Detroit Auto Show. The E-Bugster name is a combination of the words "E" for electric, "Bug" for being a Beetle and "ster" from speedster. The car runs on an electric powertrain called "Blue e-motion," which utilizes a 114-hp electric motor powered by 695-lbs lithium-ion battery. The car is expected to run more than miles on a fully charged battery.
The car is installed with an energy-consumption display, added with indicators for battery charge and range. The E-Bugster could be powered up to 80% on a quick-charge method using a plug beneath the VW logo on the hood.
The two-seater E-Bugster is like the 2011 Beetle with a new look. The car also has LED running lights and 20" wheels. The E-Bugster sports a flat roof for a chopped-speedster look.
Volkswagen E-Bugster -- with a length of 4,278 mm, width of 1,838 mm and height of 1,400 mm -- is as long as a standard Beetle but is around 30 mm wider and lower by around 90 mm. These dimensions allow the VW E-Bugster to have a more dynamic and sportier appearance. Compared to the Beetle, the E-Bugster features revised front and rear bumpers.
It also bears a certain feature that is a hallmark among Volkswagen's electric vehicle concepts -- LED daytime running lights placed at the outer edges of the central air intake forming a C-shape on the left, and reversed on the right. This hallmark feature is also adopted on the rear, with reflectors replacing LED units. The E-Bugster rides on 20-inch alloy wheels -- based on the 18-inch 'Twister' alloy rims of the production Beetle -- wrapped in 235/35 tires.
A chrome strip can be found around the side windows' bottom edge, looping around the E-Bugster from A-pillar to A-pillar. The height from this chrome strip to the apex of the hard top is around 400 mm.
In addition, the new E-Bugster features a low, swept-back windscreen and wide rear screen for maximum visibility. Meanwhile, the high-tech and sporty interior of the E-Bugster features two sports seats sandwiching a continuous center console.
Moreover, the cabin of the E-Bugster comes with aluminum door handles and seatbelt guides. Interestingly, the new performance of the new VW E-Bugster Concept, albeit theatrically, commences as soon as the driver pushes the Start button. Upon pressing this button, the interior of the E-Bugster is illuminated with white light and then blue light. This illumination scheme commences with a pulse of light in the instrument cluster.
Light is emitted from a millimeter-wide strip in the cluster, and then flows into the doors and around the air nozzles. The new VW E-Bugster derives its name from the Ragster concept unveiled at the 2005 Detroit Auto Show – the same show car that inspired the current Beetle. While the 'E' of the name refers to the car's electric power, the 'Bug' part easily points to the Beetle.


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Do you make a car chager for the ipad
- Asked by Andy M from Burlington
1 Answer from the Community
Best Answer:
You can find multiple car chargers for iPad and other mobile Apple products at most wireless carriers that supply the iPad and within the Apple Store online. However, I do not believe there is an authentic Apple branded car charger. Be sure to look for the "Works with iPad" logo on the packaging to ensure the best all around charging performance.
- Answered by Tim G from White Bluff
- 24/04/2012

subset: commoncrawl


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Press ReleasesHere are some recent press releases in the outdoor industry. If you have a press release that you would like to see featured on Lake-Link please contact us for more information.
The award-winning Humminbird® SOLIX™ Series now includes a model with a 10.1" screen, Humminbird Basemap, and exclusive features such as Cross Touch® Interface, MEGA Imaging™, CHIRP Digital Sonar, AUTOCHART® Live, Bluetooth® connectivity and i-Pilot® Link™ compatibility RACINE, WI - When Humminbird® introduced the SOLI...Read More
St. Croix's new Legend Black ice rods offer superior sensitivity and extreme performance Park Falls, WI - The words "black ice" spurs anxiety in the mind of the late season winter angler, questioning the quality of the degenerating, porous surface. On winter's front end, black ice is the fast-forming, crisp foundation that coats the...Read More
MADISON, Wis. - More than just a musical comedy, it's a heartwarming and witty journey through the secret world of ice fishing with Wisconsinites Marvin and Lloyd. For anyone who has ever been curious about the little plywood shanties sitting on lake ice, and what goes on inside them, Guys on Ice is an insider's view of a day in the life of two ice...Read More


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Star Clippers Comet ISON Tall Ship Cruise
Special Dates and fares from Tropical Sails Corp
Star Flyer Comet ISON Cruise
The cruise on the Star Flyer begins Sunday December 1st in Puerto Caldera, Costa Rica. On Monday you will be at sea, observing the Comet ISON before dawn on the special Comet Ison Cruise. Sail this week to: San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua, Playa de Coco, Costa Rica, Cuanjiniquil, Playa Flamingo, Islas Tortugas and Puerto Caldera. With five full days ashore you will have time to go horseback riding, zip-lining, go boating on a river, take a water slide down a mountain, climb volcanoes, buy coffee or soak in hot springs. Costa Rica is for active vacationers, but then again you may just sit on the ship and smell the salt air!
We have a group of amatuer astronomers aboard. Most are looking forward to dark skies on the Pacific ocean and some early rising to observe Comet ISON.
Sunday Dec 1st. Puerto Caldera, Costa Rica, Comet Viewing Monday At Sea Comet viewing before dawn.
Tuesday San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua. In the 1849 Gold Rush, before the Canal was built, the way you went from the Atlanic to the Pacific was via Cornelius Vanderbilt's trans-isthmus steamboats, which took you up the Rio San Juan across Lake Nicaragua and then via rail to San Juan del Sur, the Pacific terminus, where you'd catch a clipper for San Francisco. Today you can easily drive to Lake Nicaragua, one of the largest lakes in the world and home to a species of fresh water shark, and take a more modern tourist boat to the twin-volcanic
peaked island of Ometepe, a magical Eden-like place held in almost mystical regard by Nicaraguans.
Wednesday Playa del Coco, Costa Rica. Playas del Coco was one of Costa Rica's first beach des nations for the laid-back and cool. The Guanacoste beaches are justly famous for surfing and they are also the nesting places for many species of marine turtles. Inland the vast savannahs and dry rain forests are a completely different climate from the rest of Costa Rica. Comet viewing and lecture a er dark, top deck.
Thursday Cuanjiniquil (Nat. Park Santa Rosa), Costa Rica. This port is the entryway to Santa Rosa and Guanacaste National Parks and the cloud forests of Volcanic Cacao and Volcano Orosi. Santa Rosa, the country's first national park established in 1972, is home to an amazing number of animal species.
Friday Playa Flamingo
Saturday Islas Tortugas / Curu, Costa Rica Tortuga is an exquisite li le island of off Costa Rica's Nicoya Peninsula. Giant manta rays, dolphins and the occasional humpback whale are frequent visitors here and the volcanic reef is home to dozens of marine species. Nearby on the Nicoya Peninsula, the Curu Wildlife Reserve offers an up-close look at the amazingly diverse marine life of the Curu River mangrove estuary.
Sunday Dec 8th. Puerto Caldera, Costa Rica
The 360 foot long Star Flyer has almost an acre of sails and 85 well appointed cabins. She has many amenities of a big cruise ship. She sails most of the time trying to keep the fuel bills low. The itinerary is designed to give the maximum amount of time ashore, and to be at sea at night. The low number of passengers offers a more intimate experience not found on big cruise ships.
The Star Flyer offers a full range of shore excursions, water sports, and on board activities. The on board dive shop is a hit with many clients. With a maximum of about 170 guests, you will be on an off the ship in a jiffy every day!
Fares for this special cruise are up to 60% off brochure rate. Special fares begin at $1480 plus port charges of $225. Airfares to Costa Rica are very reasonable and available at tropicalsails.net.
For a flyer, please download it here:Star Flyer Comet ISON Cruise
This tour is arranged by Tropical Sails Corp, a leader in solar eclipse and astronomy travel. Daniel Oppliger, owner of the company has arrange 15 solar eclipse tours and cruises around the globe with the first one being in Baja, CA 1991. Call Daniel at 800-595-1003, 623-444-8195 Or fill out this reservation form to get started.
Notes on the photo Oct 3, 2013
Here is an image of Comet ISON Bert Stevens took the morning of October 3. It is a stack of 24 20-second frames stacked to follow the comet, trailing the stars. It was taken just before twilight. Bert will probably try this again taking longer subs and getting more data. Bert was originally concerned that the comet was too bright, but the central pixels were only around 5000. He intends to run 50-second subs and get more of them to create a better picture.
Equipment: 12″ LX-200 Classic, Apogee AP-7B camera, Robofocus/ Software: MaxIm DL, The Sky 5, ACP, Robofocus.
Bert Stevens is Co-Director of the Desert Moon Observatory, MPC #448.
Photo by Vikrant Kumar of comet ISON and Mars. Captured with an Orion ShortTube 80mm Refractor Telescope on an Equatorial Mount from Kota, India, on October 16, 2013.
The month of ISON is about to arrive! Find out how to observe the comet in the first week of November at http://www.astronomy.com/observing/sky-events/2013/10/comet-ison-hits-its-stride-as-november-begins
By Daniel Oppliger


text: This winter market couldn't have been better…we had perfect sunny weather and tasty LOCAL food! Greens, wheatgrass, dried onions, fresh bread, and hothouse tomatoes, were a few of the items at the Market this month, and at the next Winter Market in March there will be even more. The winter markets run through April 2nd in Corrales, 11AM-1PM. Don't miss out on the vendors' produce, dried and baked goods, preserves and other farm goods!


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Brakes discs are huge carbon-ceramic units that are clamped on by six-piston Brembo calipers in front and four-piston units in the rear. The rear discs are as large as the fronts found on other supercars. Metal discs used on the Z06 were provided for comparison on a table-top display, and were considerably heavier. Of course, lighter rotating and unsprung mass is critical for improving every aspect of performance.
The Corvette development team took weight out of the ZR1 wherever possible. Carbon fiber is used extensively, even on panels exposed to strong UV light like the roof and roof pillars. (Apparently, UV breaks down the bonding elements within carbon fiber, rendering the material brittle in as little as five years.) GM's solution is a special clearcoat that costs upwards of $2000/gallon.
According to the Harlan Charles, Corvette Product Planner, the ZR1 will be offered in seven colors and offer two wheels (one chrome). The standard ZR1 will feature interior equipment similar to a standard Z06, and there will be one major option package similar to the 4LT that includes the fully leather-wrapped interior. If pricing of 2008 models provides any indication, this RPO will cost around $8,000. Charles also noted that because there is only one set of production tools for the carbon-fiber body panels, yearly production is not expected to exceed 2000 units.
Just as the Z06 used the color red to highlight key components, the ZR1 uses blue accents on the LS9 and on the model's logo. Perhaps this is a tip of the hat to the Blue Devil moniker that surfaced early? GM would neither confirm nor deny.
Regardless, this is what a $100,000 Corvette looks like. Wagoner should be quite happy, nod to his past or not.


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It would appear that everyone's favourite design app, Sketch, is going to be moving to a subscription service with their 4.0 release.
I know; I know. It's time to sharpen the pitchforks and tune the crossbows.
I recently wrote a piece about making things, and how the constant, small-scale desire to "make" is central to the creative spirit. Whether the form is written, visual, verbal or audial, the force of creativity is what drives these acts, and is the unshakeable impulse that propels creators forwards…
These were the top 10 stories published by Thoughts on Creativity; you can also dive into yearly archives: 2013, 2014, and 2016.


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FREE SHIPPING on orders of $85 or more
An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2017
Reaney, P.H and R.M. Wilson, A Dictionary of English Surnames. London: Routledge, 1991. Print. (ISBN 0-415-05737-X) Prior to the Norman Conquest of England, Edward was a common personal name; its popularity probably due to the fact that Edward the Confessor (1003-1066) had been the Patron Saint of England before Saint George.
Edwurth Early Origins
Wiltshire where Edward of Salisbury, also known as Edward the Sheriff (of Wiltshire) held land at the time of the Domesday Survey. He was an ancestor of Earls of Salisbury. The name appeared as Eaduuardus, Eduuardus, Eduuard in the Domesday Book. Kirby's Quest of Somerset listed William Edward there, 1 Edward III. [2]CITATION[CLOSE]
Dickinson, F.H., Kirby's Quest for Somerset of 16th of Edward the 3rd London: Harrison and Sons, Printers in Ordinary to Her Majesty, St, Martin's Lane, 1889. Print. The Yorkshire Poll Tax Rolls of 1379 list: Adam Edward; Willelmus Edward, taylour; and Ricardus Edward. [3]CITATION[CLOSE]
Bardsley, C.W, A Dictionary of English and Welsh Surnames: With Special American Instances. Wiltshire: Heraldry Today, 1901. Print. (ISBN 0-900455-44-6)
Edwurth Spelling Variations
Edwurth Spelling Variations
Before English spelling was standardized a few hundred years ago, spelling variations of names were a common occurrence. Elements of Latin, French and other languages became incorporated into English through the Middle Ages, and name spellings changed even among the literate. The variations of the surname Edwurth include Edwards, Edward, Edwardes and others.
Edwurth Early History
Edwurth Early History
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Edwurth research. Another 305 words (22 lines of text) covering the years 1206, 1219, 1279, 1283, 1597, 1582, 1658, 1615, 1637, 1711, 1801, 1471, 1678 and are included under the topic Early Edwurth History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Edwurth Early Notables (pre 1700)
Edwurth Early Notables (pre 1700)
Distinguished members of the family include Humphrey Edwards (1582-1658), one of the regicides of King Charles I of England, attended Shrewsbury School in 1615, appointed a gentleman to King Charles I...
Another 31 words (2 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Edwurth Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Edwurth In Ireland
Edwurth In Ireland
Some of the Edwurth family moved to Ireland, but this topic is not covered in this excerpt. Another 121 words (9 lines of text) about their life in Ireland is included in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
The Great Migration
The Great Migration
A great wave of immigration to the New World was the result of the enormous political and religious disarray that struck England at that time. Families left for the New World in extremely large numbers. The long journey was the end of many immigrants and many more arrived sick and starving. Still, those who made it were rewarded with an opportunity far greater than they had known at home in England. These emigrant families went on to make significant contributions to these emerging colonies in which they settled. Some of the first North American settlers carried this name or one of its variants: Old Edward who arrived at Jamestown, Virginia in 1607; John Edward who settled in Virginia in 1699; Richard Edward, who settled in St. Christopher in 1633.
Edwurth Family Crest Products
Edwurth Family Crest Products
See Also
See Also
Other References
The Edwurth Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Edwurth Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 15 July 2016 at 11:13.
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About Us
RREFCAST PRIVATE LIMITED is a reputed Manufacturer, Supplier, Trader, Exporter and Service Provider of an array of Castables, High Alumina Cement, High Alumina Refractory Cement, High Alumina Castables, Fire Clay Bricks, Mortars, Refractory Raw Materials, Mineral & Metals products. Established in the year, 2012, our company offers a wide range of high quality products, which includes High Purity Dense Castables, and many more. We devote utmost attention towards the quality of all the products that we manufacture. As a result, we use the latest machinery that are known for its high output in less time and also make sure that the raw materials are of the finest quality. We source all the raw materials from certified vendors, ensuring the production of high quality products. Our company possesses a team of experts, who work hard round the clock, in order to fulfill all the varying requirements of our esteemed clients. We consider client satisfaction as the foremost priority our business, as it is they who shape up a particular business.
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Los Angeles - The eighth-ranked Gym Dogs pulled their second upset of the weekend by knocking off No. 2 UCLA and No. 17 Arizona with a final score of 196.5 at Pauley Pavilion on Sunday.
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The Bruins finished with a 196.1 while Arizona placed third at 193.625.
Georgia's win was its fourth straight at UCLA in regular-season meetings.
Sophomore Ashley Kupets finished third in the individual all-around competition but her 39.5 set a new career high.
"Going through adversity is how you improve," said Georgia coach Suzanne Yoculan. "It's difficult to improve without challenges. We have the most difficult schedule in the country and we lost four straight but each time they came back and worked even harder.
"After the Alabama meet I came down on them pretty hard, but the adversity has made this team tougher."
With the three-team meet set-up, Georgia (11-4) was forced to start the evening on the balance beam and end on the uneven bars.
In the final rotation, the Gym Dogs posted their second-highest bars score of the year at 49.225 to seal the win. Kelsey Ericksen had a 9.9 and Katie Heenan had a 9.875 to lead the team scoring.
Kupets led the way in the first rotation with a 9.875 on beam. Heenan added a 9.85 and Megan Dowlen had a 9.75 as the team finished with a total of 48.675.
On floor Kupets was again the high scorer with a 9.925. Michelle Emmons continued her streak of high floor totals with a 9.875 and the Gym Dogs finished at 49.225.
Georgia received a trio of 9.875s from Heenan, Kupets and Emmons on the vault as well as 9.85s from Megan Dowlen and Kelsey Ericksen. The Gym Dogs' team vault score of 49.325 combined with a 48.375 by UCLA on beam in the third rotation gave Georgia a lead of .35 (147.275-146.925) entering the final event.
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Simplified Meaning
Simplified Meaning
We like the world to make sense. We want a simple clean meaning explaining why, when and how something happened. Explanations graciously grant security—if we can explain it, we can control it. But most happenings have a complex slough of causes, intertwining to create the momentous NOW. Most experiences lack a tidy, neat cause. In our drive for meaning, we force complex experiences into over-simplified stories. We extract from the mass of causes the most salient causes—the ones we most prefer. After determining where to point our finger in blame, we abruptly turn our backs on the crowds of other complex influences. Often included in these ignored masses of causes are the ones we where we do have some control.
Demanding YOU change is easier than changing ME.
Experience often ignites emotional disturbances. The homeostatic balance is disrupted. The word is communicating to our souls, "Something is wrong." A conflict exists between expectations and reality worthy of examination. When recognized, we can take a closer look at what is stirring inside, uncovering the raw emotion, evaluating the conflict and witnessing the assigning of meanings. The process is breath taking to witness. We are emotional beings, interactions constantly provoke emotions, providing ample opportunity to explore our perceived reality. Almost imperceptible, in the darkest corners of the mind, we spin our web of self-deceit, bobbing and weaving around responsibility, drawing upon logical justifications for stupid or weak behaviors.
We can justify anything; ask Charlie Manson.
By over-simplifying meaning and directing blame to a singular cause outside of ourselves, we craft the escape from responsibility to change, ignoring the complexity, and cognitive demands of deeper thought; succeeding (and flourishing) in a complex world demands more. Completely disengaged from complexity, we channel energy away from solutions and towards ego protection, blocking illuminating evidence. Letting go of responsibility initially feels good; it's a relief. Ruined lives litter the highway of ignorance. Justifications are so pervasive they excuse addictions, laziness, and abuse, crying, "It's not my fault." But most of us don't live in the extremes of chaos; we enjoy order and structure. Our justifications are more subtle, nestled in our own protected world where we function, work and enjoy a few relationships. Justifications dwell here, as well, hindering growth and altering futures.
During relationship interactions, we face complexity. Words infused with emotions and straddled with multiple implications and hidden motivations bounce back and forth between partners. Especially here, our energy-conserving minds assign simple meanings, excusing the complexity, settling on meanings that soothe rather than resolve. So we slap on a simple label, blame our partner and invest energy to fix (manipulate) them. Most conflicts flow from differences (and pasts) rather than a right and wrong position. Most positions have kernels of truth peppered with drawbacks. Life's full of tradeoffs. People embrace different values creating different feelings towards proposed tradeoffs. Labeling ignores all this by projecting the differences on the goodness and badness of the people involved.
It is our task then to take time to mindfully examine situations a little deeper and learn why it is we reacted the way we did.
Conflict, by nature, creates discomfort, drawing attention to issues of importance for survival—survival of the gene, individual and species; a built-in biological response to perceived threats. But emotions are influenced by more than the mechanism. Similar to software, utilizing the computer hardware, experience descends upon the machinery programming responses. Our interpretations—assigned meanings—cause discomfort. Interpretations of events establish the level of importance. A mundane, inconsequential event may trigger emotions because of a faulty interpretation. Conversely, an event with great significance to our survival maybe disregarded because of a minimized interpretation. Interpretations draw upon the past for meaning. Current events, subconsciously associated with painful past, generate a lot of feeling. With the building blocks of feeling, we continue to construct meaning.
We should neither deny nor avoid the painful feelings awakened by conflict. Avoiding discomfort invites escape through the easiest route available—ignoring complexity and fixing blame. The growing gorge between perception and reality weakens motivation to change. We destroy our futures with a few welcoming pats on our back, excusing failure by pointing at a single cause, most likely an affixed character label, we assigned to someone, and completely ignoring the many ways we contribute to our own misery.
Our response to discomfort stemming from inner-conflict determines whether we growth with complexity or stagnate with diminished awareness.


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Baby found locked inside hotel safe as police hunt for parents
A BABY was squeezed inside a hotel safe and locked up, according to reports.
A panicked family alerted hotel staff that their baby had been locked inside the safe.
A maintenance worker scrambled to the room to free the one-year-old who was "alert and crying".
But the odd couple fled the Howard Johnson Hotel near Niagra Falls before police could question them.
Cops are desperate to hunt the family down as they are seriously concerned about the infant's safety.
"At this point we don't know if it's anything more than a preventable accident"Detective Constable Amanda Sanders
"At this point we don't know if it's anything more than a preventable accident," said Detective Constable Amanda Sanders of Niagra regional police child abuse unit.
The tot was small enough to fit inside the safe which was about the size of a bedside table.
The family is from the Brooklyn area of New York and were believed to be travelling in a grey Ford van.
Niagara regional police spokesman Scott Kraushar said US border services had been notified about the incident.
The vehicle had not yet crossed back into America.


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embroidery in Lutcher, LA
Asap Monograms924 Carrollwood Dr Ste D, La Place, LA map
Embroid ETC2208 Country Club Dr, La Place, LA map
Embroidery Magic150 Thoroughbred Ave, La Place, LA map
Landmark Teez121 Belle Terre Blvd, La Place, LA map
A S A P Monograms924 Carrollwood Dr Ste D, La Place, LA map
TRI-Parish Trophies1200 Highway 44, Reserve, LA map
Monogramming Unlimited14087 Highway 44, Gonzales, LA map
Looking for Monogramming, Screen Printing and Promotional Products? YOU'VE COME TO THE RIGHT SITE. WE ARE... more
Athletic Center1205 N Airline Highway, Gonzales, LA map
AD Specialties & More13397 Highway 44, Gonzales, LA map
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Sedaris plays with traditional expectations of animal fables by skewering ignorant and self-righteous (cough…conservative) characters, including overprivileged birds who ridicule the "backward" inhabitants of a Guatemalan holiday destination, a stork who denies sex education to her inquisitive chick, and a militant rabbit preoccupied with violent defense of his forest (even filing down a unicorn's horn...poor unicorn). It is rather satisfying to let Sedaris have at these characters from a socially-minded perspective that challenges ethnocentric/political norms. From there, Sedaris delves further into the tension within individuals of limited experience who, through tragedy and acceptance of their own personal weaknesses, achieve the sometimes jarring, but transcendent effect of empathy. The title story features a chipmunk overcoming her fear of the unfamiliar (in this case, a taboo inter-species relationship with a squirrel). After she succumbs to pressures to break up with the squirrel, she realizes that he actually signifies "every beautiful thing she had ever failed to appreciate" (21). For Sedaris, it is not through upholding (personal/philisophical/national) boundaries that one achieves insight, but rather through relationships. He calls for the building of a type of self-directed wisdom bred from the desire to connect and to understand others. The final two stories extend this theme: a cat and mouse who find redemption through a shared addiction and a widower owl who rejects his role as predator to seek out knowledge from his prey, stating "[w]hat changed things, albeit slowly, was learning" (157).
Deep right?
Now, I love me some Sedaris stories. After standing in line for hours at a signing for his last collection, When You Are Engulfed in Flames, Mr. Sedaris not only signed and drew a funny little crab on my book, he also gave me a mini shampoo from his Beverly Hilton hotel room. Despite the goodwill I may have towards this quirky gift-giving writer and despite my fandom for his brilliant NPR readings (here is one from this collection), I can admit that, though I really liked Squirrel Seeks Chipmunk, I feel that it is overly restrained and a bit too…neat. The distinct authorial perspective, the observations of eccentric family members, the poetically-odd circumstances from previous collections are practically absent. Sedaris's turn to animals places the anthropomorphized creatures in the mundane world of domestic responsibilities, marriage, body image, childrearing, and religion. The effect, though clever, layers an additional device upon his writing and distances the reader from Sedaris's singular voice, overwhelming the more compelling aspects of his style. On the bright side, even a diluted Sedaris is still very readable.
Final verdict: Kind of like a mini-snack to tide you over until Sedaris's next collection. Also, great illustrations by Ian Falconer. Better to pick up Naked or Me Talk Pretty One Day, if you are new to his work.


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Tourist attractions – Museums – Guides - Events - Concerts - Exhibitions – Accommodation and food –
Nature and adventure – Cycling and hiking - Shopping – and more
All information in one place!
Simple to navigate. Information easily accessible and complete.
Easy to read on computer, tablet and mobile.
Vadstena Teaterförening/Riksteatern
Photo: Per Eriksson


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Onyx is a powerful stack-based, multi-threaded, interpreted, general purpose programming language similar to PostScript and Forth. It can be embedded as an extension language into other applications, and was designed to have a small memory footprint. It is among the smallest embeddable interpreters available.
Snow Path Formation Simulator is a program that models the process of people forming very distinct, and yet not always altogether logical looking, paths in the snow as they walk across open spaces. The evolving condition of the snow is displayed graphically. This project may eventually mature into a screensaver.
glogin is a program that can be used to cause a terminal (usually a virtual console) to be logged in automatically, without having to type a userid and password. Stick it in place of getty in /etc/inittab to have terminals come up logged in and at a shell prompt at every boot. Same purpose as 'alogin', but you use it a little differently, and it does a little more of the usual login stuff. It is a simple Perl program, and can be easily customized.
MuPO (Multi-Purpose-Organizer) is a powerful PIM application for desktop and PDA systems. It features a hierarchical todo-list and notes, appointments, a project-time recorder, a calendar, recurring items, and more. It is fully searchable, and it includes a tool to sync several mupo-files. You can use it on an Agenda PDA, Compaq iPaq, or on a PC running Linux or Windows. Items can be encrypted.
WebPic is an application used to take a directory of digital cam pictures, and provide a frontend for Web viewing. It allows you to scale the images to different values, add comments, and display them in varying HTML styles. It uses ImageMagick for the image processing, and PerlMagick as the interface. It also requires the use of Tk::JPEG for image display. Please read the included Readme for more information on development and bugs.
ipband is a pcap-based traffic monitor. It tallies per-subnet traffic and bandwidth usage and starts detailed logging if the specified threshold for a specific subnet is exceeded. This utility could be handy in a limited bandwidth WAN environment (frame relay, ISDN, etc.) to pinpoint offending traffic sources if certain links become saturated to the point where legitimate packets start getting dropped.


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Starbucks is embroiled in a trademark dispute with Ethiopian farmers, drawing the ire of Oxfam over its actions at a time when the US-based coffee chain is in the midst of a crucial restructuring of its Europe, Middle East and Africa (Emea) in-house legal department.
An application by Ethiopian farmers to register the Sidamo, Harar and Yirgacheffe coffee names with the US Patent and Trademark Office was rejected following protest by the US National Coffee Association, of which Starbucks is a leading member.
Oxfam has lambasted the company for the move, which could cost Ethiopian farmers up to £47m in trade per year.
At the same time Starbucks has relocated Craighton Goeppele from Seattle to its Emea headquarters in Amsterdam to take the role of senior director of Emea legal.
Goeppele's arrival supersedes the position of Axel Viaene, who was the sole Emea legal counsel. Viaene remains with the company, while it is also hunting for a UK head of legal, who will report to Goeppele and the managing director of the UK business.
Starbucks declined to comment.


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can't install my gigabit Network card
I just installed slackware and am trying to install my Dlink DGE 510t network card. I have used the linux drivers provided with the card but when i run insmod dl2k i get the error init_module: no such device
I have gone through the same process with another card which in the printout os lspci is shown to be Altima (nee broadcom) AC9100 Gigabit ethernet. I get the same error when I do insmod AC1000 (which is what the drivers supplied with this card compile down too)
Can anyone point out what im doing wrong
Cheers, Rooboy
|All times are GMT -5. The time now is 07:50 AM.


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Brain Box Trailer (2006)
01 January 2006 121 mins
Two greedy brothers defraud their brother who is living abroad by taking the money that he sends to build a house, and lining their own pockets. Now their brother returns to Nigeria and is demanding answers. [parts 1-2]
Watch the official Brain Box 2006 trailer in HD below or find more Brain Box videos on Vidimovie.


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Show some love to your favorite MLB player by wearing the Majestic Men's Chicago Cubs Anthony Rizzo #44 Cool Base® Replica Jersey. Engineered with Cool Base® fabric technology for cooling comfort, this button-down jersey features the player name and number on the back and a tackle twill team decoration on the front to proclaim your Cubs fan pride. Short sleeves. Find more MLB gear at Academy.com.


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Our cat does that all the time! Hysteric al!
It's the question every kitty parent asks herself at some point: Are my cats mature enough — and responsible enough — to have their own cell phone? Well, Mr. Candy and I finally caved to the cats' increasingly adamant demands and bought them a joint phone, in hopes that learning how to share such a device will also teach them how to better share their nightly Meow Mix. (Yeah, right.)
I've decided to share the texts I receive from those crazy cats (lack of opposable thumbs, be damned!) in a column I've creatively named, "Texts from My Cats." Here is the first of many:
Our cat does that all the time! Hysteric al!
I see this one's been up here for a while…please post some more! You have competition for this, at textfromdog.tumblr.com, so please revive this post. Thanks!


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Sen. Mike Lee (R-Utah) became the second Senate Republican to call on Donald Trump to drop out of the presidential race, calling the GOP nominee a "distraction."
"I respectfully ask you, with all due respect, to step aside. Step down, allow someone else to carry the banner of these principles… rather than weighing down the American people," Lee said in a video posted to Facebook on Friday night.
Lee — who has refused to endorse Trump — said Republicans should instead "find a candidate that can carry that banner without distraction and without settling."
"As [Republicans] been asked to settle, we've been given a huge series of distractions," Lee said in the video, before turning his focus to directly addressing Trump: "With all due respect, sir, you are the distraction. Your conduct, sir, is the distraction."


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This is a discussion thread for the following file:

Manly Beach, Sydney, Australia

The famous Manly Beach, Sydney. To the left is Manly Cove with a Manly ferry at the wharf. Manly was named by our first Governor, Arthur Phillip, because of the manly attitude of the Aboriginal people at a nearby cove.


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If you are using IE 9 or later, make sure you turn off "Compatibility View".
Handpicked brands for you
#tbt with @hazclarke dipping at the china World Cup race last month, homie held it down and swooped 4th! #timeshipracing #timeship #gloveyoulongtime


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I Want You Honest Opinions of Me
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 137 People
please. ******** down honest opinions.if you don't fully know me then read my experiences please.
Shoot. Start sharing.Remember you can't hurt me. I want the honest raw truth. Anything less and I lose respect for you.
QuestionMarks 41-45, F 0 Sep 22, 2015
apparently a speach impediment was at play inthe creation of this group.
Who Do U Think I Am?=)just wanna know what you guys honestly think about me... fire away!:)
mistyeyedlass 18-21, F 17 Responses 0 Mar 7, 2009
Hey guys... M not surewhether m selfish or wicked. But I just feel relieve a bit. Weeks ago, I told y'all that my boyfriend cheated on me with his ex-wife n got her pregnant n I didn't know what to do since I really loved him. Well... Today he call me sounding so disturb n said that the girl had a...
Spicy21 22-25, F 3 Responses 0 Oct 25, 2015
Go On Thengood or bad, i would rather know than sit here being paranoid. In this situation I can only be pleasantly surprised anyway =] xxx
Tesse 18-21, F 7 Responses 0 Feb 22, 2008
Its Allright, I Can Take ItLet it rip. I promise, I'm strong.
vinividivici21 22-25, F 0 Feb 8, 2008
Please Take a Moment...Hey, I'm basically asking for people's vote on what they think about me. I'd really appreciate it if you vote for me as the face of e.l.f 2010! It takes a few seconds and you can vote once a day, each day until december. Keep the votes going! Thank you for being...
brittmacer 18-21, F 0 Sep 22, 2009
Please Ur Opinion-i Ask My Circle..I want ur honest opinion about me.What do u think about me?..the truth..even those who are very close to me i want them to answer and please please the truth.
annasangels 18-21, F 33 Responses 6 Mar 7, 2009
Go For ItGood or bad. Pretty or ugly. Tell me, Let me know, what you think of me. I rather know than spend time thinking you like them, and are truly my friend. Its better to know the truth of what people think of you, than believe something that's not true.
This Gonna Be Hard But..i value peoples honesty and i would like to know how people see my profile?
Donalh 22-25, M 2 Responses 0 Apr 1, 2008
Want to Know!Am i to brassy and/or bold? Are my stories too much for many due to the nature of the topic? Do i share to much of myself on the subjects? What are your thoughts of me? Hearing from you in all my posts helps me to refine myself and helps me think ... which is always good...
Josie06 56-60, F 2 Responses 1 Feb 11, 2009
My boyfriend is upsetthat I took an Emergency Contraception after having sex without his consent. He feels left-out n thinks m Selfish. I dont like seeing him sad, it hurts me. What do I do to make it better?
Spicy21 22-25, F 0 Oct 17, 2015
OK, Honestly...No excessive sugar thanks, I'm glucose intolerant. Honestly- Good Bad and down right fugly....tell me. I need to know.
TheRealWoman 31-35, F 1 Response 0 Mar 19, 2009
Cocrispy 22-25, M 1 Response 0 Oct 17, 2015


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
81 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services The guests of Magellan Paris may stay in 72 nicely furnished, comfortable rooms in Paris. Should you be arriving by car, parking will be available nearby. Car rental service and organized city tours will help you discover the most important attractions. The bar is an ideal location for a personal meeting and a relaxing evening talk. Your valuables may be the safely secured in the safe. The hotel is offering wireless Internet connection (WiFi) without charging extra fees, so you may go online anytime with your laptop during your stay. The exact equipment and the exact list of available services of Magellan Paris can be read on the information sheet below.
Payment Depending on the selected date, room and price, you may need to provide credit card guarantee or advance bank card payment to finalize your reservation.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest check-in time to your room is 14:00, the latest check-out time from your room is 11:00. The personnel of the hotel can speak with you in French and English languages.
Magellan Paris rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Parking (22 €/night)
Free WiFi in shared places
Organized sightseeing nearby, Car rental nearby
Garden, Bar, Elevator, Safe deposit box, Room service
Hairdryer, Desk in the room


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Colket Technical Services
Review for Colket Technical Services
Philip G. on 05/21/2016
Philip said the business always takes care of him and is on top of things. He also mentioned the employees are great technicians.
Vehicle: Chevrolet Silverado
Category: Service
Service Date: 04/28/2016
Review Created: 05/21/2016
This review was collected via phone interview by Customer Research Inc.


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Flow control, also called optimized production technology, focuses on the efficient flow of material through the production process. The philosophy of flow control focuses on bottlenecks. For example, an owner using flow control will not buy a machine capable of 1,000 units an hour if supply 500 units. Examine systems and determine where lowest flow is experienced, then address that point and make sure it operates at full capacity. Flow control applies well where maximum productivity is required.
What is the difference between lean manufacturing and JIT (Just-in-Time) Manufacturing?
Lean Manufacturing: catching the concept of JIT(Just-in-time) and re-examines it from the client point of view. Anything that is made should put something of valuable to the client's requirement. For example, if you are manufacturing stereo system for a luxury car, you will imagine from the customer point of view like space occupancy, durability, sound quality, medium or loud sound, etc.
JIT (Just-in-Time): This methodology is described to provide that a product or part would arrive just in time to be used. This method saves the price of the unused inventory, and eject the need of piling up inventory.
View answer
Report Error
Define what is Six Sigma?
Six sigma is a data-driven technique and way for eliminating defects in any progress from product to service and from manufacturing to transactional.
What are the Softwares which can be useful in manufacturing unit?
In manufacturing group, software that can be useful for Material Management and Manufacturing ERP. Some of the organizations that provide the manufacturing software solution are Oracle ERP system, sap etc.
Explain how can you calculate manufacturing work in progress?
Manufacturing work in growth is when manufacturing firm transforms material into the work in process which includes labor, raw material, and factory overhead. You can add all the below factors to know the amount of the manufacturing work in progress.
Labor amount
Raw material inventory costs
Production price
A price of ending work in process for the accounting period
What experience do you have in lean manufacturing field?
Hopefully if you're applying for this position you have bags of related experience and if that's the case you should mention it all. But if you're switching careers or trying something a little different, your experience may initially not look like it's matching up. That's when you need a little honest creativity to match the experiences required with the ones you have. People skills are people skills after all, you just need to show how customer service skills can apply to interrnal management positions, and so on.
We'll send you weekly updates from Sawaal
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Aug 10th, 2015
Category: CrossFit CDRRead More
Tuesday – 8/11/2015
Vitargo in stock! Open Box available only until Noon this week & closed Tuesday & Thursday. Thank you. Sunday Class at 2:00pm on schedule starting this week! Back to School Supply bags due by Tuesday. Delivering on Wednesday. Mobility: Ankle Mobility Skill Practice Warm Up: Pistols and Weighted Pistols. Strength:Front Box Squat – 6 x 3 (6 […]


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Reserve a Meeting Room
—NOTE: Change this text to something important. And THEN, change style=" display: none;" to style=" display: inline;" so the message will show up.
Map of library locations | Closing dates | Reserve a meeting room | Find the closest library branch
The Fairfax County Public Library has meeting room space available at no charge for use by nonprofit organizations and individuals for educational, cultural and informational community meetings and programs.
Meeting rooms at all libraries are available during regular operating hours.
Some meeting rooms are available during extended hours.
See a map indicating the locations and reserve group study rooms
Meeting room
rules for extended hours
For reservations within the next 2 hours or to cancel an existing reservation contact the library branch.


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Sarah Palin: Kim Jong is Il, So Cutting US Defense is Sick
Filed Under Politics | Leave a Comment
With the Lil' Nutcase in North Korea now testing nukes, Sarah Palin asks a relevant question via Twitter:
Why consider US missile program cuts now? AK military program helps secure US. Now is NOT time to cut our defense.
This is a good point, albeit an unfortunately obvious one to have to make. Since it's likely that all we can expect in the form of direct action from President Obama's beloved "international community" (which is why we elected an "international community organizer") is the obligatory "strongly worded letter," the only thing that might save us is missile defense, which Obama wants to cut.
Obama has proven to be pragmatic for selfish political reasons on Gitmo, CIA files, detainee photos and other issues, so my guess is he ultimately flip-flops on missile defense and nukes.
As soon as Obama realizes that his exclusive national defense policy of "unclenching the fists of those who disagree with America" was a bad idea (mainly because it could get millions of registered Democrat voters killed before the next election), we may get a shield — if it's not too late already.
But maybe we won't get a shield, even if the president wants one — we're out of money.
As with every other Palin-related post these days, we have to run the "Bear in the woods" remix that will make a great ad for the 2012 campaign:
(h/t GatewayPundit)
Leave a Reply
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As we all know Rugby World Cup tournament 2015 is going on all over the globe. Rugby 2015 has now released its pc game as free download for windows. Rugby World has been developing this game for pc since early 2014 and now has made it official and is available to the public for playing. New Zealand is the maker and holder of this tournament where different teams participate.
Rugby World Cup 2015 game can be played only on PC running Windows. It has multiple gaming modes such as singleplayer and multiplayer. Rugby is really famous and played in lots of different countries and there are its own special stadiums where it can be played and the ground is bespoke for it as well. Rugby World tournament has changed most of the way this sport is played because the new winners have the Cup now.
Rugby World Cup 2015 Gameplay
Rugby is a bit like Fifa 2015 because of the graphics, career mode, online gameplay and many more features. Most of the things that are different are the characters, playgrounds and the stadium which are made especially for Rugby. This year's tournament has also been added in the gameplay menu to choose and has the option to select any country based team you want and can also edit the Rugby players in a match. This means that a player can choose whatever Rugby player he wants for his team.
Unlike the new game titles for example NBA 2K16 it has a different engine on which it runs. The other reason because of this game gaining so much popularity is that it is free to play and can be downloaded for many different platforms including Windows and Android. Rugby PC games are not so much heard of but after this developed of Sports simulation it is a higher chance of this genre growing fast.
Rugby World Cup 2015 Screenshots
Other Sports Games for PC
Rugby 2015 Game System Requirements
The processor needs to be from Intel and minim speed should be 1.4 GHz. RAM needs to be a minimum memory of 512 MB. VGA required from Nvidia at 64 MB, and last you need an Internet connection for multiplayer.
Rugby World Cup 2015 PC Game Download
License: A free demo is provided
Version: Tournament
OS: Windows / PC
Price: Na


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Book Summary
Growing up in the same 1970s urban planning development in Northwest London, four young people pursue independent and reasonably successful lives until one of them is abruptly drawn out of her isolation by a stranger who is seeking her help. By the author of On Beauty. Reprint.
Awards and Recognition
1 week on NPR Paperback Fiction Bestseller List


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Jones in Tony Award triumph
Catherine Zeta Jones thanked her film star husband -- who she gets to "sleep with every night" -- when she picked up a gong at the Tony Awards.
The 40-year-old Hollywood star won best lead actress in a musical just days after being made a CBE in the Queen's Birthday Honours list.
"See that man there?" the star said, pointing to Michael Douglas. "He's a movie star and I get to sleep with him every night!"
Dressed in a light blue off-the-shoulder gown, the hoarse actress told the audience: "My family are very important to me. My parents came all the way from Wales. I'd like to thank them for making me the person I am today -- I do forgive you."
Jones won her first-ever Tony for her role as an amorous actress in the revival of 'A Little Night Music', which also stars Angela Lansbury and is directed by Sir Trevor Nunn.
US stars Scarlett Johansson and Denzel Washington also picked up gongs on the night.
Irish Independent


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Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and incorporation of glucose into skeletal muscle glycogen contribute to physiological regulation of blood glucose concentration. In the present study, glucose handling and insulin signaling in isolated rat muscles with low glycogen (LG, 24-h fasting) and high glycogen (HG, refed for 24 h) content were compared with muscles with normal glycogen (NG, rats kept on their normal diet). In LG, basal and insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and glycogen synthase activation were higher and glycogen synthase phosphorylation (Ser645, Ser649, Ser653, Ser657) lower than in NG. GLUT4 expression, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and PKB phosphorylation were higher in LG than in NG, whereas insulin receptor tyrosyl phosphorylation, insulin receptor substrate-1-associated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity, and GSK-3 phosphorylation were unchanged. Muscles with HG showed lower insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis and glycogen synthase activation than NG despite similar dephosphorylation. Insulin signaling, glucose uptake, and GLUT4 expression were similar in HG and NG. This discordant regulation of glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in HG resulted in higher insulin-stimulated glucose 6-phosphate concentration, higher glycolytic flux, and intracellular accumulation of nonphosphorylated 2-deoxyglucose. In conclusion, elevated glycogen synthase activation, glucose uptake, and GLUT4 expression enhance glycogen resynthesis in muscles with low glycogen. High glycogen concentration per se does not impair proximal insulin signaling or glucose uptake. "Insulin resistance" is observed at the level of glycogen synthase, and the reduced glycogen synthesis leads to increased levels of glucose 6-phosphate, glycolytic flux, and accumulation of nonphosphorylated 2-deoxyglucose.
- glucose transporter 4
- protein kinase B
- glycogen synthase kinase-3
- phosphorylation
- glucose metabolism
- glycolytic flux
- rat
skeletal muscle is particularly important in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis, as 70–90% of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake occurs in skeletal muscle, where it is incorporated into and stored as glycogen (37). The glycogen concentration in skeletal muscles is limited, and a feedback mechanism exists. It has been 40 years since the classic study of Danforth (8), which showed that increased glycogen concentration reduced glycogen synthase activation in both the presence and absence of insulin. More recently, studies have shown that glycogen concentration also influences glucose uptake in skeletal muscles (2, 9, 17, 18).
Among the most important functions of insulin are stimulation of glucose uptake and activation of glycogen synthesis (35). Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in insulin responsive tissues by promoting translocation of the facilitative glucose transporter GLUT4 from intracellular vesicles to the cell membrane (38) and activates glycogen synthase by dephosphorylation (6, 25). The initial steps in the signaling pathways for insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 and activation of glycogen synthase are common. Upon insulin binding, the insulin receptor undergoes autophosphorylation and tyrosine phosphorylates several proteins, most notably the insulin receptor substrates (IRS). These serve to recruit and, in many cases, activate SH2 domain-containing proteins (34). One such protein is the class I-A phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase (34). Activation of PI 3-kinase is essential for the propagation of many of insulin's subsequent downstream signaling events and metabolic effects (36). Downstream of PI 3-kinase lies the Ser/Thr protein kinase B (PKB, otherwise called Akt), which is activated by phosphorylation of at least two sites (1). PKB activation appears to be essential for efficient insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (21), although the molecular link between PKB and glucose uptake remains to be defined. One candidate is the recently identified GTPase-activating protein AS160 (32). By contrast, the link between PKB and glycogen synthesis is established. PKB phosphorylates and inhibits GSK-3 directly, which contributes to increased activation of glycogen synthase (7).
Regulation of glycogen synthase activity is complex, involving phosphorylation of nine amino acids by different kinases and dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) (6, 25). Although the inverse relationship between glycogen concentration and glycogen synthase activity is well established (8, 27), mechanisms for the inhibition of glycogen synthase activity are poorly defined. Inability of insulin to activate glycogen synthase precedes the development of type 2 diabetes (33), leading to the suggestion that dysregulation of glycogen synthase may promote type 2 diabetes.
We (18) previously reported that reducing glycogen content by fasting doubled insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in isolated rat skeletal muscles, whereas increasing glycogen content by refeeding did not significantly influence maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. In light of the strong reduction of glycogen synthase activation in muscles with high glycogen content (8), we hypothesized that these apparently discordant effects of glycogen on glucose uptake and glycogen synthase would alter glucose handling. Hence, the first aim of the present study was to investigate alterations in glucose metabolism in muscles with different glycogen concentrations. Furthermore, because the mechanisms for regulation of glycogen synthase activation by glycogen are poorly understood, the second aim of the present study was to investigate regulation of PKB, GSK-3, and glycogen synthase phosphorylation in muscles with different glycogen concentrations.
Reagents were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO and Poole, Dorset, UK) unless otherwise stated. IRS-1 antibody has been described previously (23). The anti-phosphotyrosine (4G10), anti-GSK-3α and -β, and anti-phospho-GSK-3α (Ser21) antibodies were from Upstate Biotechnology (Lake Placid, NY). The anti-PKB and anti-phospho-PKB (Ser473) antibodies were from Upstate Biotechnology and New England Biolabs (Hertfordshire, UK), respectively. In our hands, these antibodies recognize all three PKB isoforms with similar efficiency (determined using recombinant hemagglutinin-tagged PKBα, PKBβ, and PKBγ). Anti-phospho-GSK-3α/β(Ser21/9) was from Cell Signaling (Beverly, MA). Anti-glycogen synthase was a gift from Oluf Pedersen (Copenhagen, Denmark). Anti-GLUT4 and anti-GLUT1 were a gift from David E. James (Sydney, Australia). Anti-phospho-glycogen synthase (Ser645, Ser649, Ser653, Ser657) was from Oncogene (Darmstadt, Germany).
Male Wistar rats (Bk1:Wist) were obtained from B & K Universal (Nittedal, Norway) and housed in our laboratory animal facilities for ≥1 wk before the experiment. Room temperature was 21°C, humidity was ≥55%, and a 12:12-h light-dark cycle (light from 6 AM to 6 PM) was set. The rats had free access to standard rat chow (B & K Universal, Grimston, UK) and tap water. The experiments were performed during the light cycle (between 10 AM and 2 PM), and the weights of the rats on the day of the experiment were 120–150 g. Experiments and procedures were approved by official authorities and performed in accordance with the laws and regulations controlling experiments on live animals in Norway and the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used in Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes.
The glycogen concentration was manipulated to achieve muscles with low (LG), normal (NG), and high glycogen (HG) concentrations as described previously (18). In brief, rats with NG were maintained on their normal diet before experiments (control). Rats with LG were fasted for 24 h before experiments (fasted). Rats with HG were fasted for 24 h and then allowed access to a normal diet for 24 h before experiments (fasted/refed).
Muscle preparation and incubation.
The rats were anesthetized with an injection of ≈10 mg of pentobarbital sodium (50 mg/ml) intraperitoneally, and the epitrochlearis muscles were dissected out and suspended on holders at their approximate resting length. The muscles were then placed in test tubes, and gas (95% O2-5% CO2) was continuously bubbled through the incubation buffer, as described previously (3). The muscles were preincubated for 30–50 min in 3.5 ml of modified Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing (in mM) 116 NaCl, 4.6 KCl, 1.16 KH2PO4, 25.4 NaHCO3, 2.5 CaCl2, 1.16 MgSO4, 5.5 glucose, 2 sodium pyruvate, and 5 HEPES [N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-(2-ethanesulfonic acid)] and 0.1% bovine serum albumin (fraction V, Sigma), pH 7.4. All incubations were performed at 30°C without or with the addition of a maximal insulin dose of 10 mU/ml (Actrapid; Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark) for 30 min.
Glucose uptake.
Glucose uptake was determined as described previously (3). In brief, 0.25 μCi/ml 2-deoxy-d-[1,2-3H(N)]glucose (25.5 Ci/mmol; DuPont-NEN Research Products, Boston, MA) and 0.1 μCi/ml d-[1-14C]mannitol (51.5 mCi/mmol; DuPont-NEN) were added to the buffer (containing 5.5 mM glucose), and glucose uptake was calculated from the intracellular accumulation of 2-deoxy-d-[3H]glucose. After incubations, the muscles were removed from the holders, blotted on filter paper, and frozen in liquid nitrogen. For analysis of glucose uptake, the muscles were freeze dried, weighed, and dissolved in 600 μl of 1 M KOH for 20 min at 70°C. Of the digest, 400 μl were added to 3 ml of scintillation solution (Hionic-Fluor, Packard), mixed, and counted for radioactivity (Tri-Carb 460C; Packard Instruments, Downers Grove, IL).
Accumulation of nonphosphorylated glucose.
Accumulation of nonphosphorylated 2-deoxyglucose was determined as described previously (3). In brief, muscles were incubated with 0.25 μCi/ml 2-deoxy-d-[1,2 3H(N)]glucose (25.5 Ci/mmol) and 0.1 μCi/ml d-[1-14C]mannitol (51.5 mCi/mmol; DuPont-NEN) (containing 5.5 mM glucose) for 30 min. After homogenization in perchloric acid, 2-deoxy-d-[3H]glucose 6-phosphate was separated on a Dowex column, and free glucose was calculated.
Glycolytic flux.
Glycolytic flux was determined from release of 3H2O from d-[5-3H(N)]glucose during glycolysis (16). Muscles were incubated for 60 min at 30°C in small vials, as described previously (18), in 1.1 ml of buffer containing 1.0 μCi/ml d-[5-3H(N)]glucose (20.0 Ci/mmol, DuPont-NEN) with and without 10 mU/ml insulin. After incubation, 3H2O was separated from [5-3H]glucose by water equilibration in sealed vials at 37°C for 92 h as described (4).
Glycogen synthesis.
Glycogen synthesis was determined from incorporation of [14C]glucose into glycogen during 60 min of incubation in the presence of 5.5 mM glucose and 0.2 μCi/ml [14C]glucose (20.0 Ci/mmol, DuPont-NEN) as described previously (13).
Glycogen concentration.
For analysis of glycogen, 100 μl of the KOH digest were neutralized with 25 μl of 7 M acetic acid, and 500 μl of 0.3 M acetate buffer (pH 4.8) containing 0.2 U/ml amyloglucosidase (Boehringer Mannheim) were added. The glycogen was hydrolyzed at 37°C for 3 h, and glucose units were analyzed as described previously (20).
Glycogen synthase activity.
Glycogen synthase activity was measured with the filter paper method that we have described previously (20). The final concentration of uridine diphosphate glucose was 30 μM with 0.5 μCi/ml [14C]uridine diphosphate glucose (287.4 Ci/mmol, DuPont-NEN) added. Glycogen synthase total activity was determined at the saturation concentration of glucose 6-phosphate (8 mM). Glycogen synthase activity was also measured at 0.17 mM glucose 6-phosphate, and fractional activity was calculated as the activity at 0.17 mM glucose 6-phosphate in percent total activity.
Western blot analyses.
Immunoblotting was performed as described previously (42). In brief, total muscle protein lysates (≈50 μg) were resolved by SDS-PAGE and transferred to Immobilon-P PVDF membranes (Millipore, Bedford, MA), and membranes were probed with the appropriate primary and secondary antibodies. Antibody binding was detected by enhanced chemiluminescence (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Buckinghamshire, UK) or phosphorimaging using a Fujix Bas 2000 PhosphorImager (Fuji Photo Film, Tokyo, Japan).
Immunoprecipitation and assay of PI 3-kinase activity.
Immunoprecipitations were performed on ≈350 μg of muscle protein for 2 h, and PI 3-kinase assays were carried out essentially as described previously (42).
Statistical analysis.
The data are presented as means ± SE. One-way ANOVA was performed to investigate differences between experimental groups. Least significant difference tests were performed post hoc. P < 0.05 was considered as significant.
Changes in glycogen metabolism associated with altered glycogen stores.
Fasting for 24 h decreased glycogen content in epitrochlearis muscles by ∼50% (Table 1, LG). When 24-h-fasted rats were allowed access to normal chow for another 24 h, glycogen content increased to double that observed in rats maintained on a normal diet (Table 1, HG and NG). As the glycogen concentration increased, the rate of glycogen synthesis decreased both in the absence and in the presence of insulin (Fig. 1). The potency of the effect of glycogen concentration on glycogen synthesis is highlighted by the comparable rate of glycogen synthesis in muscles with LG incubated without insulin and in muscles with HG treated with insulin. Whereas insulin increased the rate of glycogen synthesis in all groups about fivefold, the absolute increase in response to insulin varied depending on the glycogen concentration, and the rate of insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis was reduced by 70% in muscles with HG compared with those with NG.
In accordance with the inverse correlation between glycogen concentration and glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase fractional activity decreased as the glycogen concentration increased in both the absence and presence of insulin (Fig. 2). Insulin increased glycogen synthase fractional activity in muscles with LG and NG, but no significant increase was observed in muscles with HG. Furthermore, glycogen synthase fractional activity was higher in muscles with LG in the absence of insulin compared with that in muscles with NG or HG with and without insulin (P < 0.05).
Typically, phosphorylations of glycogen synthase at sites phosphorylated by GSK-3 (Ser645, Ser649, Ser653, Ser657, named site-3 phosphorylation in the present paper) are prominent inhibitors of glycogen synthase activity (30, 39). Consistent with this, site-3 phosphorylation was decreased in muscles with LG compared with those with NG (Fig. 3). Insulin promoted a significant decrease in site-3 phosphorylation in all groups, including those with HG. Surprisingly, glycogen synthase phosphorylation was lower in muscles with HG than in those with NG in the absence of insulin despite lower glycogen synthase activity. Furthermore, insulin decreased glycogen synthase phosphorylation in muscles with HG to a level similar to that observed in muscles with NG, but insulin was unable to activate glycogen synthase significantly (Figs. 2 and 3).
The electrophoretic mobility of glycogen synthase, as determined by immunoblotting using an antibody against glycogen synthase, differed between groups and within groups depending on treatment (Fig. 3). In control muscles with NG, glycogen synthase migrated as a single discrete band when insulin was absent. After insulin treatment, the intensity of this band was reduced concomitantly with the appearance of an additional lower band. This band shift probably reflects dephosphorylation of a fraction of glycogen synthase. In muscles with LG, the band shift was clearly visible in muscles even without insulin treatment. There was no detectable band shift in muscles with HG either before or after insulin treatment, with only the upper band visible.
The expression levels of glycogen synthase did not vary significantly between groups (Table 1). Total glycogen synthase activity, which was not influenced by insulin, was similar in muscles with LG and NG, but slightly reduced in muscles with HG (Table 1).
Alterations in glycogen stores promote changes in glucose transport and glucose metabolism.
Consistent with the increased glycogen synthesis observed in the muscles with LG (Fig. 1), both basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were higher in muscles with LG compared with muscles with NG and HG (Fig. 4A). However, glucose uptake was comparable in muscles with NG and HG (Fig. 4A), which is in contrast to the reduced glycogen synthesis observed in muscles with HG (Fig. 1). GLUT1 expression did not show any significant changes in muscles with different glycogen concentrations (Fig. 4B). By contrast, expression of GLUT4 was increased by 90% in muscles with LG compared with muscles with NG (Fig. 4B). Twenty-four-hour refeeding reduced GLUT4 content such that GLUT4 protein in muscles with HG was similar to that observed in muscles with NG (Fig. 4B). Therefore, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake mirrored GLUT4 expression.
To investigate the fate of the glucose, we measured the levels of glucose 6-phosphate and glycolytic flux. Glucose 6-phosphate levels were similar in all groups in the absence of insulin (Table 2). Insulin increased glucose 6-phosphate concentration in muscles with HG to almost double the concentrations in other groups (Table 2). To evaluate potential inhibition of hexokinase, the concentration of intracellular nonphosphorylated 2-deoxyglucose was estimated, and this was found to be elevated in muscles with HG compared with muscles with NG and LG (Table 2). Glycolytic flux was also significantly higher after insulin stimulation of muscles with HG compared with those with LG or NG (Table 2), and insulin promoted a threefold increase in glycolytic flux in muscles with HG. Glucose 6-phosphate levels and glycolytic flux were comparable in muscles with LG and NG (Table 2).
Investigation of insulin signaling in muscles with altered glycogen and glucose metabolism.
Insulin signaling was investigated in an attempt to understand how the changed glucose handling occurred. Insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the insulin receptor represents the first step in the insulin-signaling cascade and was comparable in all groups (Fig. 5A). A key event in the proximal insulin-signaling cascade, particularly in skeletal muscle, is the recruitment and activation of PI 3-kinase by tyrosyl-phosphorylated IRS-1. Insulin-stimulated IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity was increased fivefold in all groups (Fig. 5B), suggesting that insulin-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and recruitment of PI 3-kinase to IRS-1 was not affected by changes in glycogen concentration. One of the downstream effectors of PI 3-kinase that is involved in both glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake is the Ser/Thr kinase PKB. Although insulin stimulated a marked increase in PKB phosphorylation (Ser473) in all groups, this was more than twice as high in muscles with LG compared with muscles with NG or HG (Fig. 6). Insulin also promoted a greater PKB band shift in muscles with LG compared with muscles with NG or HG (data not shown), providing further support that a greater proportion of PKB was phosphorylated in response to insulin treatment in muscles with LG. Whereas expression of PKB was moderately increased (≈20%, P < 0.05) in muscles with LG (Fig. 6 and Table 1), this increase is unlikely to account for the increased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation. PKB expression and phosphorylation were similar in muscles with NG and HG. These data suggest that insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of PKB correlates with increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscles with LG compared with muscles with NG or HG.
Next, we examined the expression and phosphorylation of GSK-3, a direct substrate of PKB and upstream kinase of glycogen synthase. Expression of GSK-3α or GSK-3β was unchanged in the treatment groups (Fig. 7 and Table 1). GSK-3α Ser21 phosphorylation (which was detected by two commercially available antibodies) was similar in all groups in the absence of insulin (Fig. 7, A and B). Insulin-stimulated GSK-3α Ser21 phosphorylation was significantly higher in muscles with LG than in muscles with HG. GSK-3β Ser9 phosphorylation (which was detected only by the antibody from Cell Signaling) appeared to be constitutively phosphorylated (Fig. 7, A and C). Insulin promoted a twofold increase in GSK-3β Ser9 phosphorylation in all groups, and, like GSK-3α, insulin-stimulated GSK-3β Ser9 phosphorylation was significantly higher in muscles with LG compared with HG.
In the present study, we have investigated how alterations in skeletal muscle glycogen concentration are associated with glucose handling and insulin signaling. In muscles with HG, proximal insulin signaling, glucose uptake, and the extent of insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase site-3 dephosphorylation were all comparable with muscles with NG. By contrast, insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase activation, and glycogen synthase band shift were all reduced, suggesting inhibition of glycogen synthase by mechanisms independent of site-3 phosphorylation. In the face of unaltered glucose uptake in muscle with HG, both glucose 6-phosphate and nonphosphorylated glucose accumulated, and glycolytic flux was increased. Compared with NG, muscle with LG showed increased glycogen synthesis, glycogen synthase activation, glycogen synthase dephosphorylation, glucose uptake, GLUT4 expression, and insulin-stimulated PKB phosphorylation.
The activation of glycogen synthase in muscles with LG was increased compared with that observed in muscles with NG. In fact, glycogen synthase fractional activity was higher in muscles with LG in the absence of insulin than in muscles with NG in the presence of insulin, highlighting that glycogen is a stronger regulator than insulin. Our observation that the rate of glycogen synthesis and the activation of glycogen synthase correlate inversely with the glycogen concentration in both the absence and presence of insulin, is consistent with other studies (8, 19, 27, 29). Glycogen synthase activity is regulated by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of at least nine sites, each of which may contribute to the regulation of glycogen synthase activity to varying degrees, but the sites phosphorylated by GSK-3 are prominent regulators (6, 25). We observed lower site-3 phosphorylation in muscles with LG than in muscles with NG in the absence of insulin, and site-3 phosphorylation was further reduced by insulin. The commercial site-3 antibody used in the present study was raised against a phosphopeptide sequence containing four phosphorylated serine residues (Ser645, Ser649, Ser653, Ser657, also named sites 3a, 3b, 3c, and 4, respectively). A thorough understanding of the precise characteristics of this antibody-antigen interaction is lacking, limiting the interpretation of our observations. However, in muscles with NG, glycogen synthase exhibits an insulin-induced band shift, consistent with dephosphorylation, and the reduced site-3 phosphorylation was paralleled with increased fractional activity. In muscles with LG, reduced site-3 phosphorylation also occurred simultaneously with increased band shift and glycogen synthase activation, which is consistent with the notion that site-3 dephosphorylation increases glycogen synthase fractional activity (6, 25).
Surprisingly, glycogen synthase site-3 phosphorylation was either lower (in the absence of insulin) or comparable (after insulin treatment) in muscles with HG compared with that observed in muscles with NG. This contrasts with the lower glycogen synthase fractional activity in muscles with HG compared with NG. Therefore, phosphorylation of glycogen synthase at the sites phosphorylated by GSK-3 does not correlate with reduced glycogen synthase activity in HG. Furthermore, glycogen synthase band shift did not occur during insulin stimulation in muscles with HG despite decreased site-3 phosphorylation. These novel findings indicate that glycogen synthase may be phosphorylated on other sites or subjected to additional forms of posttranslational modification in muscles with HG. Recently, Højlund et al. (15) reported normal insulin-stimulated glycogen synthase dephosphorylation, using an antibody raised against sites 3a and 3b, in muscles from subjects with type 2 diabetes without concomitant activation of glycogen synthase. Unexpectedly, insulin promoted increased phosphorylation at site 2a in these muscles (15). These data are consistent with our observations in muscles with HG, where insulin reduced site-3 phosphorylation but failed to activate glycogen synthase or promote a mobility shift.
Muscles with LG exhibited increased basal and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. GLUT4 expression, but not GLUT1, was also increased in muscles with LG. Previous investigations have also reported fasting-induced increases in GLUT4 expression (5) and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscles (18, 44). GLUT4 is expected to transport the majority of glucose into skeletal muscles, and we find it likely that the elevated glucose uptake observed in muscles with LG, at least in part, is a consequence of increased GLUT4 expression. This is supported by Derave et al. (10), who reported increased cell surface GLUT4 content and glucose uptake in muscles with LG in the absence of insulin. However, no direct link between glycogen content and GLUT4 translocation has been demonstrated. Also of note is the previous observation that fasting reduces GLUT4 expression in adipose tissue (5), and such cell type-specific regulation of GLUT4 expression in response to fasting might serve to channel glucose into muscle glycogen when carbohydrate again becomes available.
The major problem when attempting to resolve whether increased glycogen concentration per se regulates glucose transport is that the manipulations performed to vary glycogen content may influence insulin sensitivity via other mechanisms. Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was reduced in muscle either when glycogen content was increased by overexpression of GLUT1 or after exposure to high concentrations of insulin and glucose (5). By contrast, when glycogen content was increased, e.g., by overexpression of glycogen synthase or by fasting/refeeding, this did not obstruct basal or insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (9, 12, 18). The latter studies suggest that elevated glycogen content per se is unlikely to inhibit glucose uptake directly. Furthermore, our finding that GLUT4 expression was normalized after 24 h of refeeding agrees with previous reports (5) and appears to be consistent with the similar rate of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in HG and NG.
The discordant regulation of glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis in muscles with HG, where glycogen synthesis becomes the rate-limiting step, was also reported by Laurent et al. (24). Further investigations revealed elevated glucose 6-phosphate in muscle with HG, compared with NG and LG, during insulin treatment. Glucose 6-phosphate allosterically activates glycogen synthase and inhibits hexokinase (25, 43). Hexokinase has a low Ki for glucose 6-phosphate (43), and the accumulation of nonphosphorylated 2-deoxyglucose supports that hexokinase may be inhibited in muscles with HG. Tracer amounts of 2-deoxyglucose are widely used to estimate the rates of glucose uptake in skeletal muscles, and a lumped constant close to 1 has been reported (11). In the present study, we observed a good correlation between the estimated glucose uptake rates and the combined rates for glycogen synthesis and glycolytic flux in muscles with LG and NG. By contrast, estimated glucose uptake was much greater than the sum of glycogen synthesis and glycolysis in muscles with HG. We are presently unable to provide an explanation for this discrepancy.
Despite the possible inhibition of hexokinase, insulin still increased glycogen synthesis and glycolytic flux in muscles with HG. Laurent et al. (24) previously reported that glycolytic flux is elevated in muscles with HG together with elevated glucose 6-phosphate. Phosphoglucose isomerase converts glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate in a near-equilibrium reaction (26); hence, fructose 6-phosphate will increase with subsequent activation of phosphofructokinase (40), the rate-limiting step in glycolysis. Elevated glucose 6-phosphate in muscles with HG may also facilitate insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis, as glycogen synthesis occurs without significant activation of glycogen synthase activity in the present study (measured in vitro with fixed glucose 6-phosphate). Taken together, these observations provide novel mechanistic insights into how glucose handling is altered in muscles with HG.
Like glucose uptake, all aspects of insulin signaling were relatively unaltered in muscles with HG. Varying the glycogen concentration by fasting and fasting/refeeding did not influence proximal steps in insulin signaling, including insulin receptor phosphorylation and IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activation. PKB phosphorylation (Ser473) and GSK-3 phosphorylation were also normal in muscle with HG. On the other hand, in muscles with LG content, insulin-stimulated PKB phosphorylation (Ser473) was increased. These observations are consistent with previous reports of increased insulin-stimulated PKB activity and glucose uptake in muscle with LG (9, 22). The mechanism underlying the increased PKB phosphorylation and activation in muscle with LG is not immediately apparent. It appears unlikely that the 20% increase in total PKB expressions explains the twofold increase in PKB phosphorylation. Because IRS-1-associated PI 3-kinase activity is normal in muscle with LG, it seems more likely that LG exerts its effects at a level between PI 3-kinase and PKB. It would be attractive to suggest that increased insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of PKB may contribute to the increased glucose uptake in muscles with LG. However, the antibodies used in the present study (PKB and phospho-PKB Ser473) recognize all isoforms of PKB, and we have not specifically shown increased phosphorylation of PKBβ, which seems to regulate insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (21). Future studies are required to characterize, in an isoform-specific manner, the mechanisms by which LG regulates expression and phosphorylation of PKB.
PKB phosphorylates GSK-3α and GSK-3β directly and reduces GSK-3 activity (7), but GSK-3α/β phosphorylation did not mirror PKB phosphorylation. Moreover, changes in glycogen concentration did not effect GSK-3 phosphorylation in the absence of insulin and had only minor effects in the presence of insulin. The present study, therefore, demonstrates that GSK-3 phosphorylation does not correlate with glycogen synthase activity or with glycogen synthase site-3 phosphorylation when glycogen content is varied. In muscles with LG, glycogen synthase was dephosphorylated in the absence of insulin without increased GSK-3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, in the presence of insulin, GSK-3 phosphorylation was not significantly elevated in muscles with LG compared with NG, despite further reduction (60%) in glycogen synthase site-3 phosphorylation. Collectively, these data suggest that regulation of glycogen synthase fractional activity in LG occurs via a mechanism that may be largely independent of changes in GSK-3, as is the case during exercise (31). This makes it appealing to suggest that activation of glycogen phosphatase PP-1 is increased in muscles with LG, reducing site-3 phosphorylation of glycogen synthase. Consistent with this, it has been reported that glycogen phosphatase activity correlates negatively with glycogen content (41). However, glycogen phosphatase activity is not altered in McArdle's disease, where muscle glycogen is elevated (28), or in human muscle cells when glycogen content is decreased by glucose starvation (14).
Taken together, our data show that increased glycogen concentration per se does not impair proximal insulin signaling or glucose uptake but does result in changes in glucose metabolism. "Insulin resistance" is observed at the level of glycogen synthase despite normal total dephosphorylation of Ser645, Ser649, Ser653, and Ser657, and the reduced glycogen synthesis leads to increased levels of glucose 6-phosphate and glycolytic flux. Over time, such alterations in glucose metabolism may promote intramuscular changes, resulting in impaired insulin signaling and glucose uptake. Hence, future work on glucose handling in rats with elevated muscle glycogen may provide important information about how nutrient oversupply is linked to impaired insulin action.
This study was supported by the Research Council of Norway, the Novo Nordisk Foundation, and the European Commission via COST B17. J. Whitehead is the recipient of a Lions Senior Medical Research Fellowship.
We thank Jorid Thrane Stuenæs, Ada Ingvaldsen, and Astrid Bolling for excellent technical assistance; Oluf Pedersen for the antibody against glycogen synthase; David E. James for antibodies against GLUT1 and GLUT4; and Jacqueline Stöckli for suggestions to improve our GLUT4 blots.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2006 by American Physiological Society


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Li Mei is half Malaysian/Half Australian.
She has worked in both Malaysia and Australia doing TVCs, print work as well as film work.
Li Mei has enjoyed working for companies such as Australian Open, Coles, Kodak, Park Royal Hotel, Neighbours, Satisfaction, Jet Star, and tv series Underbelly. She has also worked as a corporate hostess and as a spokes model.


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December 7, 2016 // 1:02 PM
Purposeful Living
Written by Trish Lauer
EJ Rittersbach is someone who symbolizes the sense of volunteerism throughout Garden Spot Village. She is involved in multiple areas of the community, each offering something different to the overall environment of GSV. Some are for fun, others are more business minded – all are important to making Garden Spot what it is.
As a member of the Resident Board, a position she's held since March of 2012, EJ is a part of a group that focuses on strategic planning for Garden Spot Communities. Having business experience and a history of time spent on other Boards in the past, she's accustomed to the ins and outs of the process. Her position allows her to take suggestions and issues raised by others residents to the Board and work towards putting a plan in action. "It is rewarding and exciting for me to be a part of a progressive organization that has forward thinking but makes decisions based on Garden Spot's mission of "enriching the lives of older adults as an expression of Christ's love," says EJ.
EJ is also a member of more than one committee, including the Golf, Resident Development, and Cooperative Living Home steering committees. The Golf and Resident Development committees are something she has been a participant in since moving to Garden Spot Village. For the Golf Committee, she assists with planning the yearly tournament, as well as volunteers on the day of the event. The Resident Development Committee, which meets two to three times a year, discusses pertinent presentations and seminars to provide to residents regarding topics such as charitable gift annuities, as well as reviews letters sent to residents concerning the Benevolent Fund. For the past two years, being a member of the Cooperative Living Home steering committee has given EJ the responsibility of a sub-committee who puts together the resident handbook and lease for the upcoming home, something she feels quite positive about. "This is a very exciting venture," remarks EJ, "as I see this new home being able to help those older adults live a more meaningful life in a 'family' setting."
Not finished still, EJ also gives her time to the Share & Care shop, the Village Voices and helping as a mail volunteer, distributing mail to other residents. In the Share & Care shop, she works closely with Deborah Fast, Director of Volunteer Services, as a team coordinator handling pricing, display and furniture evaluation. The job was something she stumbled upon while looking into what opportunities to volunteer were available. "All of the hours spent is rewarding and gives me joy as all we do in Share and Care results in benefiting the Benevolent Fund," comments EJ. Village Voices, where she holds the position of secretary treasurer, gives her the chance to tap into her musical side while bringing a love of music to others. "I enjoy singing and get joy from seeing those who enjoy our concerts enjoy what we present. Many of those in attendance as we know have no other means of going to musical events outside of GSV. Also, it's fun when we take our concerts "on the road" to other retirement communities."
Besides all that she does at Garden Spot Village, EJ also continues to work part-time for the company she retired from full time in 2001. This past January, she celebrated 60 years with them and she still enjoys what she does while being able to contribute from the comfort of her home. In addition, she volunteers at the Fulton Theater in Lancaster as an usher, a position she's held for the past six years and allows her to meet new people – and also see wonderful shows at no cost!
All of these different things give EJ a sense of fulfillment while she stays busy in a way that engages her. "Keeping active in all these ways delights me as I see the benefit of helping others, which gives me joy and a real purpose to get up each day," says EJ. "All I do is for the glory of the Lord. It is He and He alone who gives me the strength and sound mind to be involved as I am."


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