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HCV may increase the risk of hepatopancreaticobiliary tumors other than hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Previous case-control studies indicated a possible association between HCV and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). Little is known about the association between HCV and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC) or pancreatic cancer.
We conducted a cohort study including 146,394 HCV-infected and 572,293 HCV-uninfected patients who received care at Veterans Affairs health care facilities. Patients with two visits between 1996 and 2004 with HCV infection were included, as were up to four matched HCV-uninfected subjects for each HCV-infected subject. Risks of ICC, ECC, pancreatic cancer, and HCC were assessed using proportional hazards regression.
In the 1.37 million person-years of follow-up, which began 6 months after the baseline visit, there were 75 cases of ECC, 37 cases of ICC, 617 cases of pancreatic cancer, and 1679 cases of HCC. As expected, the risk of HCC associated with HCV was very high (hazard ratio [HR], 15.09; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 13.44, 16.94). Risk for ICC was elevated with HCV infection 2.55; 1.31, 4.95), but risk for ECC was not significantly increased (1.50; 0.60, 1.85). Adjustments for cirrhosis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatitis B, alcoholism, and alcoholic liver disease did not reduce the risk for ICC below twofold. The risk of pancreatic cancer was slightly elevated (1.23; 1.02, 1.49), but was attenuated after adjusting for alcohol use, pancreatitis, and other variables.
Findings indicated HCV infection conferred a more than twofold elevated risk of ICC. Absence of an association with ECC was consistent in adjusted and unadjusted models. A significant association with pancreatic cancer was erased by alcohol use and other variables.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The prevalence of HCV infection in the United States (U.S.) general population is estimated to be 1.6%, and an estimated 4.1 million infected persons live in the U.S. (1). HCV infection is more common in U.S. military veterans who use the Veterans Affairs (VA) medical system, where approximately 5% are infected with HCV (2).
Uncertainty persists over whether HCV causes cancers other than HCC, including intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), which is increasingly common, or extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC). Apart from sclerosing cholangitis, risk factors for ICC are poorly understood (3). Several case-control studies have found HCV prevalence among persons with ICC as high as 36%, with odds ratios between 2 and 17, but little or no increase in the risk of ECC (4-7). However, these studies had limitations that precluded drawing definitive conclusions. Some studies have been too small to provide information regarding HCV's association with cholangiocarcinoma subtypes. Hospital-based studies were also subject to selection bias. We recently evaluated risk factors for ICC in a population-based case-control retrospective study using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) and Medicare linked data and found HCV to be associated with a significantly increased risk of ICC but not ECC (8). However, that study was limited by the possibility of ascertainment bias related to differential HCV testing between cases and controls. In one cohort study from Denmark, the risk of cholangiocarcinoma was elevated 10-fold in patients with cirrhosis; however, the study did not report the etiology of cirrhosis (e.g., HCV) or the whether the cholangiocarcinoma was intrahepatic or extrahepatic(9). To our knowledge, there have been no cohort studies of HCV-infected persons to evaluate the risk of cholangiocarcinoma. Lastly, although one U.S. case-control study described a significant association between pancreatitis and HCV (10), little is known about the association between HCV and the risk of subsequent pancreatic cancer (11;12).
To characterize the association between HCV infection and the cholangiocarcinomas and pancreatic cancer as well as confirm its association with HCC, we conducted a retrospective cohort study including 146,394 HCV-infected U.S. veterans—the largest cohort of HCV-infected individuals assembled to date—and 572,293 HCV-uninfected U.S. veterans. We previously examined this cohort to determine HCV infection's association with several hematological and solid organ malignancies (13).
Data were collected on 718,687 inpatients and outpatients at VA medical facilities between October 1, 1988, and September 30, 2004, as previously described (13). The institutional review boards of the National Cancer Institute and Baylor College of Medicine and its affiliated hospitals approved this retrospective study, waiving informed consent requirements and releasing health information necessary for the analysis. Sources included inpatient records from more than 150 VA hospitals in the Patient Treatment File and outpatient records from any VA facility in the Outpatient Clinic File. Both contain demographic data, encounter dates, and up to 10 diagnoses identified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9) codes. Patients whose outpatient visits did not include physician care or oversight were excluded. We collected information about deaths from the Beneficiary Identification Records Locator System (14;15).
Using these sources, we identified 146,394 HCV-infected subjects and 572,293 HCV-uninfected subjects, as previously described (13). In brief, those identified as infected had diagnosis codes specifying HCV infection (070.41, 070.44, 070.51, 070.54, and V02.62) on two visits, including one outpatient visit. The baseline date for each subject was defined as the second visit on which the HCV code was recorded. Those identified as uninfected had no HCV infection diagnosis codes in the medical record on or before the matched subject's baseline date. Inclusion criteria required uninfected subjects to be the same sex and age (+/- 1 year) as the matched subject, to have had a VA visit within 30 days of the matched subject's baseline date and also a prior visit, and to have their visits match in type (outpatient or inpatient) those of the matched subject with HCV. Exclusion criteria and validation tests of cohort selection are described elsewhere (13).
Outcomes of interest, identified by ICD-9 code and recorded in the hospitalization or outpatient files, were ECC (156.1, 156.2, 156.8, 156.9), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (157.0, 157.1, 157.2, 157.3, 157.8, 157.9), ICC (155.1), and HCC (155.0). Only those cases of ECC, pancreatic cancer, ICC, and HCC detected 6 months after the baseline date were counted, so all calculations were based on cases diagnosed 6 months post baseline until the study's end (September 30, 2004).
To improve the specificity of this approach, we used an algorithm in defining the outcomes of interest. Specifically, we required for ECC the absence of codes for pancreatic cancer, ICC, or HCC; for pancreatic cancer, the absence of codes for ECC, HCC, or ICC; for ICC, absence of HCC; and for HCC, absence of ICC or ECC. Patients with records indicating the diagnosis of HCC, ICC, ECC, or pancreatic cancer within a year (before or after) of the HCV diagnosis date were excluded. To validate the use of our algorithm in detecting ICC and ECC, we reviewed the medical records at the Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center in Houston of 12 patients with ICC and 48 with ECC identified by ICD-9 codes from VA administrative datasets, as well as 29 HCV-infected cases with pancreatic cancer identified from this study's cohort and determined their classification based on a combination of clinical, radiological, and pathological criteria. Klatskin's tumors were classified as extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. We compared the PPV for any codes with those of the developed algorithm as outlined above. For ICC, the PPV for any code was 75% (9/12) and for our algorithm was 86% (6/7). Similarly, for ECC, the PPV for any code was 69% (33/48), and for our algorithm it was 79% (27/34). Lastly, the PPV for codes of pancreatic cancer was 70% (17/28). We previously conducted similar validation studies for HCC (16).
Potential confounders were also ascertained in patients with and without HCV by the presence of diagnostic codes at any time starting in fiscal year 1988 for inpatient data or fiscal year 1997 for outpatient data and the end of the study (September 30, 2004). These included hepatitis B infection (070.22, 070.23, 070.32, 070.33, V02.61), alcoholic liver disease (571.0–571.3), cirrhosis (571.2, 571.5, 571.6), alcoholism (291, 303.0, 303.9, 305.0, V0401—V0405); acute pancreatitis (577.0), chronic pancreatitis (577.1), inflammatory bowel disease (555, 556), cholelithiasis (574.0, 574.1), choledocholithiasis (574.5), choledochal cyst (751.69), or record of a cholecystectomy (51.22, 51.23). We also examined the incidence of two conditions strongly associated with tobacco smoking, namely chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (ICD-9: 491.2x, 493.2x, 496.xx), and lung cancer (ICD-9: 162.x) detected 6 months following baseline to examine the possibility of smoking as a potential confounder.
We calculated incidence rates per 100,000 person-years for ICC, ECC, pancreatic cancer, and HCC by HCV status. We then compared risk in the two cohorts using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for the matching factors (age, sex, baseline visit date, and type of visit). We also adjusted for race, era of military service (pre-Vietnam, Vietnam, post-Vietnam), number of inpatient and outpatient visits prior to baseline (a measure of use of VA medical services), and specific potential confounders for each malignancy (e.g., acute pancreatitis for pancreatic cancer, and cirrhosis for ICC). We generated Kaplan-Meier curves to illustrate the cumulative incidence of ECC, HCC, ICC, and pancreatic cancer in the two cohorts (HCV-infected and HCV-uninfected) beginning 6 months after baseline.
To gauge the robustness the findings, we conducted several sensitivity analyses. First, we repeated the regression analyses including all events post baseline, not just those that occurred after the first 6 months. We also repeated the regression analyses adjusting for potential confounders as defined only by the presence of diagnostic codes at or before the entry date into the cohort. Analyses were performed using SAS version 9.1 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).
Baseline characteristics of the cohort, which included 146,394 subjects with HCV and 572,293 subjects without HCV (1:3.9 ratio), are presented in Table 1. All but 3.3% of the study population were men, and most subjects (56.2%) were 50 years of age or older (mean, 52 years). The majority of the cohort was white; however, there were more African Americans and subjects of unknown race in the HCV-infected group. Less than 20% of subjects had baseline dates before fiscal year 2000, and about two thirds were Vietnam era veterans. The HCV-uninfected group had more annual VA hospitalizations within the 5 years before the baseline date (mean 1.6 vs. 1.2) and more outpatient visits during the previous year (mean 19.5 vs.10.8). Beginning 6 months after baseline, subjects in the cohorts were followed for a mean of 2.3 years, with a total follow-up time of 280,676 person-years in the HCV-infected cohort and 1,095,911 person-years in the HCV-uninfected cohort.
The incidence rates of ICC, ECC, pancreatic cancer, and HCC and the hazard ratios associated with HCV infection for each are presented in Table 2. Risk for ICC in the HCV-infected cohort although low (4 per 100,000 P-Y) was more than double that in the HCV-uninfected cohort (HR = 2.55; 95% CI, 1.31, 4.95) (Figure 1,a), and the risk for pancreatic cancer although high (40 per 100,000 P-Y) was less strongly but still significantly elevated in the HCV-infected cohort (HR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.49) (Figure 1.b). The proportion of patients with recorded cirrhosis was significantly higher (7/14, 50%) among HCV positive ICC cases than HCV negative ICC (3/23, 13%). Risk for ECC was not significantly elevated (HR = 1.03; 95% CI, 0.60, 1.85) (Figure 1.c). In contrast, HCC, included as a reference measure, had the highest incidence in HCV-infected patients (381.6/100,000 person-years), reflecting a 15-fold risk (HR = 15.09; 95% CI, 13.44, 16.94) (Figure 1.d). After further adjustments for race, era of military service, and use of VA services prior to baseline, the point estimate of the hazard ratios for ICC did not change substantially and remained elevated (HRs = 2.31–2.38). Similarly, there was no substantial change in the hazard ratio for pancreatic cancer, which also remained minimally but significantly elevated. The risk for ECC was not significantly associated with HCV after adjustment for matching variables or other factors.
To further verify our findings, we performed additional analyses adjusting for single variables or combinations of variables that might explain associations (Table 3). These analyses confirmed the strong association of HCV to ICC and HCC and the absence of an association with ECC. The association of HCV and pancreatic cancer was similar in magnitude but became nonsignificant when we controlled for variables related to alcohol (alcoholism, alcoholic liver disease, cirrhosis), pancreatitis (presence of acute or chronic pancreatitis), cholelithiasis or choledocholithiasis, HBV, or primary sclerosing cholangitis. Lastly, we performed similar analyses with confounders, as identified in Table 3, but changing their definition to incorporate codes in the records at or before baseline; the repeat analyses produced similar findings to the ones presented above (not shown).
The incidence rates (IR) for COPD and lung cancer were very similar between the two groups with or without HCV infection (2,656 per 100,000 P-Y vs. 2,668 per 100,000 P-Y for COPD) and (285 per 100, 000 P-Y vs. 293 per 100,000 P-Y for lung cancer). Therefore the incidence rate ratio was virtually equal to one for both conditions; 1.00 (0.98-1.03) for COPD and 0.99 (0.93-1.06) for lung cancer. Given this equal incidence of these two tobacco-smoking conditions, adjustment for these conditions in the HCV-pancreatic cancer analyses was unnecessary.
In this cohort study of 718,687 U.S. military veterans—the largest study ever conducted on the risk conferred by HCV infection for cholangiocarcinoma—we found in 146,394 veterans with HCV infection a significant 2.55-fold increase in the risk of ICC and a 15-fold increase in the risk of HCC but no evidence that HCV infection increases the risk of ECC. A small increase (HR = 1.23) detected in the risk of pancreatic cancer could have been due to confounding by alcohol use or other factors.
Cholangiocarcinoma is a highly fatal cancer of the biliary tree. In the U.S., approximately 5,000 new cases of cholangiocarcinoma are diagnosed annually, and these cases are equally distributed between ICC and ECC (17). Data from the SEER program indicate that the incidence of ICC tripled between 1975 and 1999 before declining slightly afterward, whereas the rates of ECC have been steady (18).
To our knowledge this is the first time a significant association has been detected between HCV and ICC in a large cohort study. This higher level of evidence supports and extends prior observations of an association from mostly hospital-based case-control studies. In a Japanese hospital-based study, investigators found that 36% of 50 patients with ICC but only 3% of 205 controls (other surgical patients who did not have primary liver cancer) were HCV seropositive (odds ratio [OR] = 16.87; 95% CI, 5.69, 50.00) (7). Korean investigators performed a case-control study comparing 41 cases of ICC with 406 controls without cancer and found that 13.8% of cases (3.5% of controls) were anti-HCV and 12.5% of cases (2.3% of controls) were HBsAg positive (6). An Italian case-control study (21 cases and 686 controls) found a positive association between ICC and HCV but not HBV (4). In that study, the prevalence of anti-HCV was 23.1% in cases compared with 6.1% in controls. The adjusted OR for ICC was 9.7 (95% CI, 1.6, 58.9) for anti-HCV. The previous case-control studies provide consistent evidence for a statistical association between HCV and ICC; however, case-control studies risk bias by their nature. Selection bias is a problem when controls without cancer are not representative of the base population from which cases were identified, and ascertainment bias exists when cases are more likely than controls to be tested for HCV. These biases were likely present and could have skewed the results toward finding a significant association. Further, the temporal relationship, the incidence rate of ICC, and the risk of ICC could not have been adequately examined with a case-control design.
Despite the doubling in relative risk, the absolute risk of ICC as measured by the incidence rate is quiet low (4 per 100,000) as compared to HCC (382 per 100,000) in this study. The only other cohort study we found showed a relatively high incidence of ICC among patients with HCV-related cirrhosis (5). The Japanese investigators reported that 2.3% of 600 patients with HCV-related cirrhosis developed ICC during an average follow-up of 7.2 years. That study, however, had the disadvantage of lacking internal controls free of HCV infection, and, thus, it was unable to derive relative risk estimates. Therefore, in aggregate, evidence points to an association between HCV and ICC, an association supported further by our cohort study findings.
HCV is a strong risk factor for HCC, and hepatocytes and cholangiocytes have the same progenitor cell; therefore, it could be postulated that HCV could induce carcinogenesis in both cell types by the same mechanism. In at least one study, HCV RNA has been detected in ICC tissue, which further supports the potential role of HCV infection in the pathogenesis of cholangiocarcinoma (3;19;20). Preliminary evidence indicates that HCV core protein (HCV C protein) may promote the cellular proliferation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells and inhibit apoptosis (19). It may be that effects are indirect as well, with HCV damaging the liver, causing cirrhosis, and thereby increasing ICC risk. Torbenson et al. reviewed 1058 cases of liver explants in patients with HCV as well as HCV uninfected control groups; cases of chronic biliary tract disease were excluded. Dysplasia of the intrahepatic bile ducts was seen in 19/1058 (1.8%) of cases and was associated with chronic HCV infection and alcohol use; 10 of 19 cases (52.6%) of dysplasia were in patients with chronic HCV, and 4 of 19 (21.1%) were in patients with HCV with a history of alcohol use (20).
Our results do not support an association between HCV infection and ECC. This study and other case-control investigations previously conducted—one hospital based (22) and another population based (8)—suggested no significant change in the risk of ECC with HCV infection. Therefore, results from all three studies are consistent and describe risk factor profiles indicating ICC and ECC as two distinct malignancies.
This is the first study to formally examine the association between HCV and pancreatic cancer. The mixed findings in this study merit additional investigation. The hazard ratios for pancreatic cancer were consistently increased (HR: 1.23–1.32) after controlling for matching variables, previous VA use, race, and era of military service. The associations were attenuated, however, and no longer statistically significant when we controlled for variables related to alcohol use, pancreatitis, or choledocholithiasis, cholelithiasis, or primary sclerosing cholangitis. Alcohol use as well as chronic pancreatitis are known risk factors for pancreatic cancer as well as associated with HCV, and thus these factors could have been confounders of the association between HCV and pancreatic cancer. We were limited in our ability to adjust for tobacco smoking, a known risk factor for pancreatic cancer. Tobacco use is likely to be common among veterans, however there are no to data to support unequal tobacco use among veterans based on their HCV status; such a difference would have to be present for there to be confounding. Because the diagnostic code for smoking is vastly underutilized, we did not use it for this purpose. However, We have identified two conditions strongly linked to tobacco smoking: lung cancer and COPD. We calculated the incidence rates for each condition in a similar method to that employed for the main cancer outcomes, where we considered only cases diagnosed 6 months or longer than the index date for HCV. The incidence rates for these two conditions were very similar between the two groups with or without HCV infection and therefore adjustment for these conditions in the HCV-pancreatic cancer analyses was unnecessary.
The biological reason for an association between HCV and pancreatic cancer is unclear. A previous reported that patients diagnosed with acute hepatitis C also suffer from acute pancreatitis (10). In addition, serum levels of pancreatic enzymes have been shown to increase with the progression of liver disease in patients diagnosed with viral hepatitis (11-12).
Findings in this study also confirmed the high risk of HCC conferred by HCV infection (HR = 15.09). These are consistent with findings of a published meta-analysis, where the pooled odds ratio from 32 case-control studies was 17.3 (95% CI, 13.9–21.6) for anti-HCV/HCV RNA positivity in the setting of HBsAg negativity (23), and confer internal validity to the study. We did not examine HBV in the current study because we have previously shown that HBV related ICD-9 codes are poorly predictive of the serological status in medical record (24).
Strengths of the study include its large sample size and relatively long follow-up, which allowed the examination of otherwise rare malignancies. The study examined users of the VA health care system, which tends to be relatively stable and provides standardized access to veterans, independent of socioeconomic status. Use of a HCV infection—free veterans population as an internal control group, rather than the general population, was meant to ensure the comparability of the two groups with regard to features other than HCV. In addition, we conducted internal checks, including tests of the predictive value of codes used to denote HCV infection (13), and the careful verification of outcomes of interest—ICC and ECC-- through a limited individual chart review. This review validated the use of logical algorithms to identify these conditions as well as adding assurance about the codes themselves. We previously conducted a similar chart validation study for HCC and reported a PPV of 94% (16).
In the analyses, we obtained consistent results after considering a broad range of confounders, which encourages confidence in our findings. Efforts were made to clearly establish the existence of HCV infection before diagnosis of malignancy, and therefore we considered only cancers diagnosed 6 months following the HCV index date. Furthermore, in additional testing, the risks of several negative control cancers, including prostate cancer, colon cancer, and melanoma, which have no plausible relation to HCV infection, were not elevated, confirming the reliability of our database (13).
Limitations to our study are in general those imposed by work with administrative datasets. Reliance on ICD-9 codes and large administrative databases for identifying HCV infection was necessary because laboratory data are not collected systematically nationwide. While our internal chart review study validated this approach, some misclassification was still present given that only a small proportion of cancer cases were diagnosed in the single center where the chart review was conducted. Other factors that may have affected our results include the reality that cancer rates are higher in veterans than in the general population (25;26), the study group was overwhelmingly male, and exclusive reliance on VA records fails to capture all outcomes. Other limitation included the possibility of differential ascertainment of potential confounders in cancer cases vs. non-cases. However, when we conducted a sensitivity analysis that considered only confounders present at baseline, the results were similar to those in the primary analysis. Lastly, we did not capture cancer outcomes that were diagnosed outside the VA. The potential effect of missing information is difficult to predict
In conclusion, among 146,394 HCV-infected U.S. military veterans we found a 2.55-fold elevated risk of ICC. Our study is the largest epidemiologic study ever conducted to evaluate the relationship between HCV and ICC, ECC, and pancreas cancer. We adjusted our analyses for multiple confounding variables and found that the relationship between HCV and ICC remained significantly positive and that the association between HCV and ECC remained negative. Results also suggested a possible relationship to pancreatic cancer that requires further study.
These findings associating HCV and ICC but not ECC support those of prior smaller epidemiologic studies as well as previously described carcinogenic mechanisms related to HCV infection. From a clinical perspective, early intervention strategies, including screening HCV-positive individuals earlier or more rigorously, may improve the outcomes for both HCC and ICC. Additional epidemiological studies of ICC are needed, and new evaluations of the effects of early interventions, including HCV treatment, on the molecular carcinogenesis of ICC are warranted.
Sources of support Supporting this work was the Intramural Program of the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, and the Michael E. DeBakey Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, Houston, Texas.
Study conception and design: TPG, LH, OL, HES, EAE Acquisition of data: TPG, LH, HES Analysis and interpretation of data: TPG, LH, OL, HES, EAE Drafting of the manuscript: TPG, LH, OL, EAE Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: TPG, OL, HES, EAE Statistical analysis: TPG, LH, EAE Obtaining funding: TPG, HES, EAE Administrative, technical, or material support: TPG, HES, EAE Study supervision: TPG, EAE
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Goguen Early Origins
Lorraine, where the family was established in early times in Ognéville, a village in the department of Meurthe-et-Moselle, in the district of Nancy.
Goguen Spelling Variations
Goguen Spelling Variations
Spelling variations of this family name include: Gogue, Goguen, Goguin, Goguon, Goguy, Goguineau, Goguinaud, Goguinaut, Goguinaux, Goguino, Goguel, Goguelat, Goguillon, Goguet and many more.
Goguen Early History
Goguen Early History
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Goguen research. Another 131 words (9 lines of text) covering the years 1716, 1746, 1758, 1764, 1767, 1794, 1821, 1830, 1831, and 1886 are included under the topic Early Goguen History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Goguen Early Notables (pre 1700)
Goguen Early Notables (pre 1700)
Another 25 words (2 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Goguen Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
The Great Migration
The Great Migration
Some of the first settlers of this family name or some of its variants were: Pierre Goguet, who married Louise Garnier in Lachine in 1659; Jean Goguet, who married Marie-Madeleine Viair in Montreal in 1718; Charles Goguet, who married Madeleine Brouillet in Pte-aux-Trembles in 1723.
Contemporary Notables of the name Goguen (post 1700)
Contemporary Notables of the name Goguen (post 1700)
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Goguen Family Crest Products
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The Goguen Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Goguen Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
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New York, Manhattan (PressExposure) September 06, 2012 -- Game On Lock will feature some great names in the world of reggae with a number of releases and announced tour dates. Encompassing a number reggae and its sub-genres, these albums are just some of the releases in the evolution of the future of the genre.
As the newest endeavor by the New York based label, these releases will reflect the company's extensive music experience and dedication to excellence. Emerging as one of the premier independent record labels, these albums are only a fraction of their impact on the industry. Each one of the mentioned artists offers their own unique style to the label and offers listeners a taste of the future of reggae.
Recorded in a variety of locations, these hard working artists represent a worldly sound aimed at shaking independent music at its very core. From Jamaica to Brooklyn, the diverse nature of recording location produces a reggae experience that is technically sound and brilliantly engineered. Just one of the many genres supported by Game-On-Lock, their latest releases are the beginning of the Game-On-Lock evolution.
What follows will be worldwide exposure to the artists via a number of tours. Rayvon and Shaggy will travel Europe in a number of dates from September through early October. D'Angel will feature a variety of shows in Jamaica with her husband Beenie Man, and Erup will kick off a European tour. Gyptian will also be touring.
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Welcome to the new Three Days Grace website! Current members should have received an email with instructions for resetting your password. If you haven't, you can click here to do that. New members can sign up using the link in the top right.
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The black t-shirt features Three Days Grace name and Painkiller on the front from the Painkiller Tour in 2014. The t-shirt is 100% cotton and pre-shrunk Gildan. This shirt is limited in quantities and will not be reprinted. Three Days Grace name printed on the back with the following tour dates:
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QUITO, Ecuador – Lonesome George, the long-living Galapagos Islands giant tortoise thought to be the last of his subspecies, might soon be a father.
The Galapagos National Park announced Monday that a female tortoise that has accompanied George since 1993 laid three intact eggs that are being cared for in an artificial incubator.
The female belongs to the closest existing phenotype to that of George, though they are from different islands and hence different subspecies.
The eggs have appeared "after 36 years of multiple efforts ... when we thought it was impossible for the tortoise known as Lonesome George to reproduce," the park said in a statement.
Found in 1972 on Pinta island, George is estimated to be in his 70s — middle age for a giant tortoise.
It will take another 120 days to learn if the eggs are viable.
• Click here to visit FOXNews.com's Natural Science Center.


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Chairman of the Board, President and CEO and founder of IntelGenx. Previously, Dr. Zerbe served as the President of Smartrix Technologies Inc. in Montreal, and as Vice President of R&D at LTS Lohmann Therapy Systems in West Caldwell, NJ. Dr. Zerbe holds over 40 patents in drug delivery related fields and has published numerous scientific papers in recognized journals.
has a distinguished record as a lawyer, businessman and public figure. He founded and served as the senior partner of a law firm in Nova Scotia and was appointed Queen's Counsel in 1985. He was first elected to the provincial legislature of Nova Scotia in 1988, where he served in various senior cabinet positions including Minister of Finance and Minister of Health. In 1999, the Prime Minister of Canada appointed Mr. Boudreau to the positions of Leader of the Government in the Senate of Canada and the Federal Minister responsible for Nova Scotia. The legislative highlight of his career in the Senate came when he led the fight in that Chamber to pass the Clarity Act, working in close cooperation with the Honorable Stéphane Dion and Prime Minister Chrétien. In 2001, he resumed his private career as President and CEO of Radcliffe Consulting and Investment Ltd. in Halifax, Nova Scotia. In March 2001, he was appointed a Director of Export Development Canada ("EDC"), serving as Chairman of the Pension and Human Resource Committees of that Board. He also serves on the Board of Directors of a number of other public and private corporations.
is the former President and Chief Executive Officer of New Flyer Industries Inc. During his seven year tenure with New Flyer, Mr. Marinucci successfully restructured its manufacturing operations and the aftermarket services business transforming New Flyer into the North American leader in the heavy-duty transit market. Under his leadership, New Flyer completed its IPO in August 2005 and successfully completed secondary offerings in July 2007 and April 2008. Previously, he served as President and Chief Operating Officer for National Steel Car and is a former President of the Canadian Association of Railway Suppliers. Mr. Marinucci currently serves on the board of directors for New Flyer, CWB Group, Seaport Intermodal Inc., and Pillar5 Pharma.
business economist, is a 30-year veteran of the pharmaceutical and health care industry with extensive experience in corporate financial management. Most recently, he was Managing Director of 3M Dyneon Holding GmbH, Germany and Global Chief Financial Officer of the world wide operating 3M Dyneon Group, a subsidiary of 3M Corporation headquartered in Minnesota. Previously, he served as the European Controller of 3M Medical Markets at the 3M Europe Headquarter located in Brussels, Belgium. Prior to this he held various senior management positions at the Medical-Surgical Division of 3M in St. Paul, Minnesota, at 3M Health Care Products, Germany, and 3M Pharmaceutical Products, Germany.
has been a partner of McCarthy Tétrault LLP since 2006, a leading Canadian law firm. His practice focusses on M&A and capital markets, both domestic and cross-border. In the course of his practice he has advised corporations and boards in numerous industries, including in particular life-sciences and technology. He currently also serves on the board of partners of McCarthy Tétrault LLP and on the board of directors of the Institute of Corporate Directors (Quebec Chapter). He is also the chair of the Legal Advisory Committee of the AMF (the Québec securities regulatory authority). He received his LLB from the Université de Montreal in 1990 and was called to the Quebec bar in 1991.
is currently the President & CEO of Searchlight Pharma Inc., a Canadian-based specialty pharmaceutical company focused on the acquisition and commercialization of innovative and unique healthcare and pharmaceutical products. Prior to joining Searchlight Pharma, Mark spent over 11 years building out the commercial and geographic footprint of Paladin Labs Inc., having served until September 2014 as Executive Vice President, Business and Corporate Development, followed by an independent international consulting mandate with Endo International PLC until February 2015. Mark joined Paladin in September 2003 and held responsibility for all business, corporate and product development activities at Paladin, a leading Canadian specialty pharmaceutical company. During his over 11-year tenure at Paladin, Mark concluded over 80 business development transactions spanning product in and out licensing, all variety of product partnership transactions, product acquisitions, and corporate M&A deals. From his arrival at Paladin in 2003, consolidated revenues grew from about $20 million to almost $270 million annually and Paladin's share price rose from approximately $5 to a peak of $151 per share at the time of Paladin's acquisition by Endo Healthcare Solutions. Prior to joining Paladin, Mark held progressively senior leadership positions at Pharmacia, a global top 10 pharmaceutical company that is now part of Pfizer Inc. While at Pharmacia, Mr. Nawacki specialized in the cardiology and pain therapeutic areas, and was responsible for Canadian business development initiatives.
has more than 40 years of experience in the pharmaceutical industry, most recently serving as President and Chief Operating Officer of Upsher-Smith Laboratories, a privately held generic pharmaceutical company, prior to which he was President of Schwarz Pharma USA. He is currently an active board member of several Minneapolis-based businesses including: Medisyn Technologies, a privately funded corporation involved in computer based topological drug design and TwinWest PAC, a political action committee helping Minnesota businesses gain local, state and federal access to political officials.
Corporate Secretary and co-founder of IntelGenx Corp.


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Please help us! Donate
Key Votes
S 1393 - Biodegradable Fuel - Key Vote
Idaho Key Votes
Brad Little voted Nay (Passage) on this Legislation.
Read statements Brad Little made in this general time period.
Stage Details
Legislation - Bill Failed (Senate) (11-23) - March 20, 2006(Key vote)
Title: Biodegradable Fuel
Vote Result
Yea Votes
Nay Votes
Vote to pass a bill that requires all diesel fuel sold or offered in the state for use in internal combustion engines to contain at least two percent biodiesel fuel (a renewable, biodegrable fuel made from plant oils or animal fat that meets American standards.)
Legislation - Introduced (Senate) - Feb. 13, 2006
Title: Biodegradable Fuel
Committee Sponsors
- Resources and Environment (Sponsor)


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ADDISON COUNTY — In local high school lacrosse action earlier this week, the Middlebury girls and Otter Valley boys picked up wins, but the Mount Abraham/Vergennes collective boys' and girls' teams came up short.
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ADDISON COUNTY — In area high school softball action earlier this week, Otter Valley and Middlebury each won; Mount Abraham picked up a win, but also its first loss; and Vergennes lost at home.
On Tuesday, Courtney Bushey tossed a two-hitter and struck out nine as OV blanked visiting Springfield, 7-0. Bushey added two hits and two runs as OV improved to 3-4 against the 4-3 Cosmos. Katie Coolidge added two hits and two RBIs, and Gabby Poalino knocked out three hits.
ADDISON COUNTY — In area high school baseball action, all on Tuesday, Mount Abraham picked up a win, but Vergennes and Middlebury came up short.
The Eagles defeated visiting North Country, 9-0, as Adam Whitcomb tossed his second consecutive complete-game shutout, this one a three-hitter in which he struck out 13 and walked one.
BRISTOL — The Sodbusters Horseshoe Pitching Club of Bristol will host its first sanctioned tournament of the season — the Sodbusters Memorial — on Sunday, May 21.
The events will be held at the Sodbusters' home courts in Bristol near the American Legion hall.
The entry fee is $20 and participants must have a Vermont NHPA sanction card. The deadline to sign up is Sunday, May 14.
To sign up or for more information, call Mike Brown 802-453-2219.
CHITTENDEN COUNTY — Athletes from the Middlebury, Vergennes and Mount Abraham union high school track and field teams won events at recent meets held in Chittenden County.
On Monday, Commodore Sadie Kass raced to a win at 800 meters at a meet hosted by Colchester, finishing in 2:38.62.
Other Commodores who placed in the top three in Colchester on Monday were:
• Girls' 100-meter dash: 3. Megan Rooney.
• Boys' 800: 2. Wade Mullin.
• Boys' Shot put: 2. Brandon Cousino.
LEWISTON, Maine — The Middlebury College men's lacrosse team fell one goal and one upset short of a NESCAC championship and an NCAA Division III berth on Sunday, when second-seeded Wesleyan rallied to defeat the Panthers, 9-8, in the NESCAC final on the campus of Bates College.
On Saturday, Middlebury (9-9) had knocked off undefeated top seed Bates, the nation's top-ranked team, 14-13, to reach the final, a result that followed their one-goal upset of host No. 13 Amherst, the tournament's No. 3 seed, the week before.
MIDDLEBURY — The Middlebury College baseball team reached the 20-win plateau for the first time since 2006 with two wins in three recent non-league games.
The Panthers are 20-14 and finished at 8-4 in NESCAC West play under first-year Coach Mike Becker. They will head to Colby this weekend for the NESCAC Final Four as the top seed between the two NESCAC West teams; Amherst (19-14, 8-4 league) is the other. Tufts (26-7-1, 9-3 NESCAC East) and Bates (15-15, 7-5) will be the NESCAC East representatives.
Girls Lacrosse
5/8 Hartford vs. VUHS............................. 10-6
5/9 MUHS vs. Mt. Mansfield................... 10-8
5/10 U-32 at VUHS.................................. Late
Boys' Lacrosse
5/8 Mt. Mansfield vs. VUHS................... 10-8
MEET SULLY! He is a four year old pit bull who loves being around other people and snuggling. Sully's very excitable and loves to play, though sometimes he forgets how strong he really is. He loves being outside and running really fast. He gives the best high-fives, has the kindest eyes, and he's loved by everyone who meets him.
Matt Lennon, Middlebury
A PROUD RILEY Disorda, 11, of Salisbury, bagged his first turkey on Sunday, April 30, during youth season. It weighed in at 17 pounds.
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Rachael Finch is beaming. She's just walked through Myer wearing one of the dresses from her collection that she created for Skin and Threads and one of the Mecca sales girls yelled out that they loved it.
For Finch, who was heavily involved in the design process from start to finish, the opportunity to collaborate with Skin and Threads was something that she relished.
"I learned a lot – as much as you can in 6 months - and it was a really insightful process. [I'm] so grateful to be given this opportunity, how many people can say that they designed a summer collection?" she says with a laugh.
Penny Cohen, the creative director and founder of Skin and Threads is quick to point out that Rachael was totally involved for the collection.
"Rachel is one fo the most organised people I've ever worked with, she turned up with moodboards that we then took and sketched up ideas and alternatives, and she would say 'no I want it longer, I want that sweater sloppier,' [the collection is] a reflection of Rachael, and it stays within the Skin and Threads family, but allows us to stretch ourselves," says Cohen.
"Rachael epitomises the Skin and Threads girl," adds Cohen.
So what's in the collection?
Cute chambray shorts, dreamy slouchy sweaters, sweet summery dresses, a poncho you'd spend your summer in.
For Finch, who grew up in the heat of Townsville, the important thing was that the clothes were items that women would love to wear when the weather gets hot. "Relaxed", she says, is a word that came up a lot.
"[The collection is] sort of Townsville orientated, I have the fondest memories of summers in that relaxed, hot, environment and I wanted to portray that with beautiful and fresh, flowing pieces, caftan pieces, looser fits, soft fabrics," she says.
Bring on the heat.
Rachel Finch's capsule collection for Skin and Threads is available now. For more details go here.


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Hampton Inn Atlanta - North Druid Hills
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Hampton Inn Atlanta - North Druid Hills
About the Hotel
Property Location
With a stay at Hampton Inn Atlanta - North Druid Hills in Atlanta (Buckhead), you'll be convenient to Lenox Square and Legoland Discovery Center. This hotel is within close proximity of Phipps Plaza and Atlanta History Center.
Make yourself at home in one of the 110 air-conditioned rooms featuring flat-screen televisions. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with shower/tub combinations feature complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include safes and desks, as well as phones with free local calls.
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Take advantage of recreational opportunities offered, including an outdoor pool, a fitness center, and a seasonal outdoor pool. Additional amenities include complimentary wireless Internet access and an arcade/game room.
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Featured amenities include complimentary high-speed (wired) Internet access, a 24-hour business center, and express check-in. Free self parking is available onsite.
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- Free wired high-speed Internet
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STRANGE ADVENTURES #11, "The Day the Past Came Back"
August 1951
DC Comics; Julius Schwartz, editor (though Whitney Ellsworth is credited
as editor in the indicia); featuring Captain Comet in "The Day the Past
Came Back!", along with three other science-fictional sagas. Review by
Bill Henley
The cover depicts Captain Comet confronting a dinosaur in front of what
looks like the Capitol dome. (Actually, my copy of the issue is
coverless, so I'm indebted to the Gerber Photo-Journal Guide for this
There's been some talk here on the list and elsewhere of "prototypes" of
various Silver Age characters. Captain Comet, who appeared in most
issues of DC's sci-fi title STRANGE ADVENTURES between #9, June 1951,
and #49, Oct. 1954, could be said to be a "prototype" for the whole
Silver Age. He was edited by Julius Schwartz, written by John Broome
(under the pseudonym of "Edgar Ray Merritt", for some reason-- possibly a
tribute to SF/fantasy writers Edgar Rice Burroughs and A. Merritt and
SF editor Ray Palmer), often drawn by Murphy Anderson-- Silver Age
stalwarts all-- and, though he didn't survive into the Silver Age
proper, he presaged the style of character and storytelling that
Schwartz and company would adopt for their Silver Age revivals of Flash,
Green Lantern, Atom and Hawkman. If you want to stretch things, you
could also call Captain Comet a "prototype" for the X-Men, since he was a
mutant-- a "man of the future" born with the abilities that all humans
would supposedly possess 100,000 years from now. Here's a review of the
earliest issue of STRANGE ADVENTURES that I own.
"The Day the Past Came Back" is credited to "Edgar Ray Merritt" (Broome)
but I don't recognize the artist (it doesn't look like Murphy
Anderson). On the splash page, a symbolically gigantic figure of Capt.
Comet towers over a chaotic, wrecked cityscape with dinosaurs and apes
on the rampage. "In the Hall of Fossils at the City Museum", a guide
giving his spiel on the reconstructed skeleton of a Tyrannosaurus Rex is
nonplussed when a real, live Tyrannosaurus Rex makes an
appearance. As the crowds flee in terror and museum guards empty their
guns fruitlessly at the beast, "quiet-mannered Adam Blake" observes
events from his post of duty at the nearby city library. Donning the red
spacesuit outfit of his alter ego Captain Comet, Blake races into the
museum and rescues the guards who are held in the grip of the terrible
lizard. The Captain picks up the saurian bodily and smashes it down;
"Hard to stop a dinosaur with bullets-- because its brain is so tiny!
But a good smash on the head should do the trick!" As the guards truss
up the dinosaur with steel cables, Comet reflects, "Ironic that an
animal from the deepest past should come to grips with ME...a man from
the distant future! There must be MILLIONS of YEARS of EVOLUTION between
us!" Then a radio broadcast from "Capitol City" is interrupted, and
Capt. Comet spots red clay on the monster's feet of "exactly the kind
found between here and Capitol City", leading him to conclude that
"something awful has happened in Capitol City!"
Then Comet is accosted by Professor Zackro, the white-haired, mustached
scientist who is the only man that knows Captain Comet's secret identity
as Adam Blake and his origin as a mutated "future man". Zackro reveals
that a former colleague, the "odd, brilliant" Dr. Alex Philador, created
an "evolution-reverser ray" that could revert life-forms of the present
to their earlier evolutionary forms, such as turning a bird into a
fish. Zackro had urged Philador to destroy the "useless-- even
dangerous" device, but obviously he did not, for the Tyrannosaurus
obviously can only be the product of Philador's ray operating on a
modern reptile. And Philador was last heard of in Capitol City. Setting
off on foot to reach the capital, with "the speed of the flaming missile
whose name he bears", Capt. Comet arrives to find a brontosaurus and
apes wandering the streets. "Some of the inhabitants of the city have
been turned into apes-- moved backward down the ladder of evolution!"
(Actually, if these are supposed to be Washington, D.C. politicians, it
might be an improvement...) Comet is surrounded by a ring of apes, who
"naturally hate man-- their hereditary enemy", but he easily fends them
off with his "mind over matter" powers, until he himself experiences the
"indescribable feeling" of being turned into an ape. As the Ape of the
Future, he becomes the "ringleader" of the other apes, and leads them in
a fight against the brontosaurus, until a chance sighting of the name
"Philador" on a mailbox reminds him dimly of his purpose. Hearing the
devolved Capt. Comet talking to himself, the mad Dr. Philador captures
him, thinking he has recreated the missing link between ape and man--
"the First Man-- the new Adam!" Explaining himself to his caged "new
Adam", Philador declares that "I am sending life back to prehistoric
times! Mankind is evil! It must be wiped out-- and start over again to
reach perfection!" Much to Philador's surprise, however, Capt. Comet
bends his cage bars and escapes while saying, "You made a slight error
in your calculations, Dr. Philador!" It seems that the good Captain's
futuristic brain is so advanced that, even when evolution-reversed, it
took only a short period of readjustment for his mind to again function
"far ahead" of ordinary humans. Fleeing in panic, Philador accidentally
falls under the influence of his own ray and is devolved into a small
monkey. Then, examining Philador's equipment, Comet deduces that it
works by "affecting the genes by radiation" (Editor's Note-- "Genes are
the carriers of hereditary traits in all living things") and makes a
"simple adjustment" which reverses the effect of the ray, turning apes
(including the good Captain himself) back into men and dinosaurs back
into "harmless lizards". After the re-evolved Philador is "found and
jailed for his crimes against humanity" (is there a specific law against
turning people into apes?) Capt. Comet reflects to Prof. Zackro that
Philador's attempt to create "perfection" was "wild-- and evil! Mankind
must progress slowly-- and safely!" Back in the library, fellow
librarian Miss Torrence tells Adam Blake "You always miss all the
excitement!" and proceeds to tell him about Captain Comet's latest
The second story in the issue is "The Reign of the Elephants!", written
by Manly Wade Wellman (each of the stories in this issue has a writer
credit, though not an artist credit, and I can't identify any of the
artists) Manly Wade Wellman (1903-1986) had a long career as an
SF/fantasy prose writer and is best known to today's readers as the
author of the "Silver John the Balladeer" series of stories and novels
about a guitar-playing mountaineer who wanders the hills battling
various occult evils. Wellman also did considerable comics writing in
the 1940's and early 50's, including a number of "Spirit" stories during
the wartime period when Will Eisner was away from the strip. On the
splash page, a man emerging from a time capsule is startled to find an
elephant reaching for him with its trunk, as another elephant is seen
wearing a watch and still another is riding on a motor-scooter like
vehicle. Clay Parks, the protagonist of the story suffers from a
"mysterious malady" which puts him into a coma-like sleep but keeps him
alive and unaged indefinitely. After watching him for a lifetime,
doctors finally place Parks in a time capsule with a control he can use
to emerge if and when he finally awakens. But when he does awaken, he is
puzzled to find himself surrounded by elephants. "Are they holding a
circus here? Where's the tent? Where are the clowns? I DON'T SEE ANYBODY
EXCEPT ELEPHANTS!" He is further confused as he sees the elephants
operating motor vehicles and observes that he is in a city of "big,
heavy-built, low buildings" constructed to house elephants, not people.
Finally, the elephants attach him to a "thought-transmission" device and
provide him with an explanation. It seems that the human race is
extinct-- "wars, plagues and famines wiped it out!"-- and elephants, who
have developed "nearly human" brains and dexterous, hand-like trunks,
have replaced men as the dominant species. The last man nearly succumbs
to despair-- "Alone! No fellow man left on Earth! I might as well have
died with the others!" -- but recovers and accepts a place in the
elephant society reading old books "from the days of dead humanity" and
explaining obscure points.
Then the elephant Science Council calls on Parks for help to meet a new
crisis... mysterious visitors from space have landed on Earth, are
observing the elephants closely and have driven some of them back with
"flashes of fire". What is going on? It's an invasion from space, Parks
warns, and if the elephants want to keep the world they have inherited,
they had better learn the arts of war, which they previously never
needed. Parks helps the elephants build a defensive wall around their
city and lay explosive mines, and then goes to spy on the invaders and
learn more about them. But when he encounters one of the "invaders", it
is a very human girl! Using a thought-transfer device to converse with
her, Parks learns that humanity evolved separately on a faraway world,
and now the people of that world are coming to colonize Earth. Clay
Parks finds himself facing a dilemma; will he side with humans like
himself, though they come from another planet, or with the kindly and
peaceful elephants who, like him, are "natives of Mother Earth"? As both
the humans and a captured elephant make their claims on Parks' loyalty,
he makes his decision, and leads the human army past the elephants'
defenses into their city. But then, suddenly, Parks warns the humans to
halt; they are surrounded by elephants, and moreover they are in a
courtyard mined with explosives that can be set up at the touch of a
button. Using the thought-transfer device that is "attuned to the
elephants' thoughts," Parks has warned them of the impending attack. Has
he betrayed the humans? Not exactly; his purpose is to convince the
human "invaders" that man and elephant can live in peace and share the
Earth between them. Parks succeeds in brokering a peace treaty between
the races, and man shakes trunk in token of agreement. "Peace on Earth,
brotherhood of man and beast" is achieved, and Parks lives out his life
in the company of Lylla, the girl he first met, as men and elephants
form a society of mutual aid. (This story presages the themes of the
later "Planet of the Apes" novel and movies, though with a different
successor species-- and a more optimistic ending...)
Next up is "Prophecy of Doom!", written by someone named Gardner F.
Fox... I wonder what ever happened to him? "Would you want to know when
you're going to die? Dave Sanders found out, and for the rest of his
life he fought to escape the grim prophecy that the time-calculator
made! When the predicted date of his dying day came and went and he was
still alive, Dave thought he had escaped his fate-- BUT-- HAD HE?" One
day, Sanders is accosted by Professor Morley who warns him not to step
into his own car; "Your car is going to be in a bad accident a few
minutes from now!" Sanders doesn't believe him, but while the two men
are arguing, a thief steals Sanders' car and drives away, only to crash
into a truck. Now more impressed, Sanders asks how Professor Morley knew
what was going to happen, and Morley explains he has invented a device
called a "time-calculator" that can predict the future. Wanting more
proof, Sanders urges Morley to "make it tell me when I'm going to die!"
"You're joking! No man wants to know when his time is up! He'd go mad!"
But Sanders insists, and Morley finally consents, but after all the
relevant information on Sanders is fed into Morley's "calculator", it
comes out with a seemingly impossible result: Sanders will die on
December 5, 1961 (remember this story was published in 1951), 'in the
ruins of the fifth canal-- ON THE PLANET MARS!'" Sanders laughs at the
professor's "crackpot" prophecy, and as he returns to his job as a
scientist at the Brookhaven Laboratories (an institution that really
exists), he reassures himself over the years that space travel is
progressing too slow for anyone to reach Mars by the year 1961. But
then, in 1960, a Professor Ehrighausen comes up with a method of space
travel using "magnetic lines of force", and promises that within a year
it will enable men to travel to Mars. As his predicted fate begins to
seem more like a real possibility, Sanders visits a nightclub, is caught
in a crossfire in a gangland raid, and fears he has met his doom, for
the nightclub is called "Marrs"! But he survives... and when space
travel becomes a reality and Sanders is offered command of the first
expedition to Mars, he refuses and resigns, remaining Earthbound but
safe. Taking a job as a technical adviser on a "Man From Mars" movie,
Sanders is nearly killed by an exploding spaceship prop... then he
almost falls victim to an armed lunatic at "Ma's Diner". Finally he
takes refuge at a mountain resort far away from anything remotely
"Martian", and on the appointed day of his death, December 5, 1961, he
stays indoors all day. When the day passes without incident, Sanders
rejoices, decides he has escaped the "prophecy" really was in error and
he can now travel into space-- even to Mars-- without fearing doom.
Rejoining Prof. Ehrighausen on the red planet, Sanders fearlessly
participates in the colonization effort-- until he is accidentally
mortally wounded during a scientific test in the desert. But how can the
prophecy be coming true when the appointed date is months past? Well,
it seems that while an Earth year is 365 days, a Martian year-- the time
it takes Mars to circle the sun-- is almost twice as long at 687 days.
The Martian colonists have had to add eleven additional months to their
calendar, and "today is really December 5, 1961-- MARS TIME!" (This
story is somewhat reminiscent of "Lifeline", the first published story
of the great SF writer Robert A. Heinlein, which also involves the
invention of a device that can predict the date of a person's death--
though the plot based on that premise was entirely different.)
The final story in this issue, "The Missing Moon!" is one of "The
Adventures of Chris KL-99"-- a series that appeared only in the first
few issues of STRANGE ADVENTURES-- and is written by Edmond Hamilton.
Hamilton was another writer with distinguished careers in both science
fiction and comics, producing classic "space opera" yarns for the SF
pulp magazines of the 1930's and 40's, and also writing Superman,
Batman, the Legion of Super-Heroes, and other comics features for DC.
Chris KL-99, described as "The Columbus of the Future", is a space
explorer who is accompanied by his "loyal comrades" Halk, the red
Martian, and Jero, of Venus. On a "routine space-exploration trip",
Chris visits an ancient planet whose natives are great astronomers and
have kept photographic records for ages. They show him a photo of Earth
"a million years ago" which so startles Chris that he rushes back to
Earth to show scientists his discovery. It seems that, in that distant
era, the Earth had two moons! What happened to the spare? "For some
unknown reason the smaller moon broke away from Earth and hurtled into
space!" But Chris is able to calculate and follow the missing moon's
trajectory through space. Traveling through many perils, such as a pair
of Scylla-and-Charybdis like twin suns and the "birthplace of cosmic
rays" which threatens his crew with its deadly radiation, Chris finally
reaches the site of the lost moon. But as Halk and Jero rejoice at the
success of their mission, Chris reflects, "I won't spoil their happiness
now by telling them the terrible thing the instruments show! Later will
be soon enough..."
The "terrible thing", apparently, is that the lost moon was once
inhabited, but it is now dead, as all life on the moon perished when it
hurtled through "cold, dark regions of space". But as Chris, Halk and
Jero explore the dead city, they find a strange statue that seems to be
warning them back, and then discover the world is not as dead as they
think, as a "strange cloud of gas" freezes and immobilizes them and bald
humanoids leap out and overwhelm them. Chris finds that he can
understand the humanoids' language; "There must have once been contact
between Earth and this moon, for the root language is the same!" (Yeah,
right, after a million years the language is the same...) As our heroes
are captured and imprisoned, the leader of the moon people Kyor explains
that they are being punished for sacrilege for "going near the
forbidden evil things". It seems that, ages ago, this moon and Earth's
present moon were both inhabited by civilized races. But the two moons
went to war, and and "great force-ray projectors" on the smaller moon
turned the larger moon into the dead, crater-filled world it is today.
But the recoil from the ray projectors hurled the smaller moon off into
space, and the inhabitants survived only by burrowing into underground
shelters Chris urges the moon people to free him and allow him to
approach the "evil things"-- the ancient ray projectors--- but they
refuse. Chris explains to his cohorts that the lost moon is in danger of
destruction by a nearby "dark star". Then a shifty sort approaches the
prisoners in their cell and offers to free them, for he realizes that
the "evil things" are really scientific weapons that could help the moon
people "master many worlds". Chris plays along, pretending to share the
dreams of conquest, until he reaches the ancient weapons and figures
out how to use them against the approaching "dark star". As Halk and
Jero fight off Kyor's troops, Chris not only deflects the dark star but
uses the ray weapons to "steer your world into an orbit around a warm
sun!" As life returns to the lost moon's surface, Chris reflects, "It
proves that the same powers that can doom a world can save a world-- if
men know how to use them wisely!"


text:
Hi! I'm Jackie. Welcome to my little corner of the world! I'm so glad to have you. Feel free to make yourself at home: stop by the about me page, look back over our journey through infertility, meet our miracle son through adoption or make your stomach growl as you search through delicious recipes. Dear Reader, I appreciate you so much!!
And P.S. - You're not a stalker. Comment! I love to hear from you!
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Category Archives: Outpouring of Grace
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God's Grace in the Form of One Year.
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text:
5115Please Read This was Re: Four Clobbered By Cold Front
Expand Messages
- Jan 26, 2005There is more to kiteboarding than rigging, riding and throwing
tricks. A critical area is weather, what is forecast, what is going
off now and what is heading in. Some ideas on one approach dealing
with kiteboarding and cold fronts with emphasis on the SE USA, appear
below. What do you use and how does it work?
Some of this may apply to other areas then again there is a whole
world of variable weather out there. You still may get caught and
slammed, as can always happen if you have a traction kite up, but it
should reduce the odds of a predicted event getting the better of you.
There are similar sites and resources in other parts of the world.
Learn what is available and reliable in your area.
1. Check forecasts on http://nws.noaa.gov/ for your area.
Are they going to change, is there a hazardous weather warning, be
sure to check the marine forecast if you are in marine waters. What
are temperatures likely to be? It may be fine now but do you need to
be in a 4/3 mm wetsuit later on today? Read the weather analysis to
better understand what is bringing the wind in the first place.
2. Checkout the Sat. imagery at: http://nws.noaa.gov/sat_tab.php
Some nice animated, color enhanced Sat. images appear at:
http://weather.sun-sentinel.com/tropical/ for Florida and the Caribbean
and at the following link for the rest of the USA:
Be sure to use the loop function to get a feeling for movement and
obvious development. Click in on your area to get a better picture of
local activity. Is there a line of clouds at the leading edge of the
front or no?
3. Checkout color radar to look for CURRENT storm cells and direction
of travel of clouds at: http://nws.noaa.gov/radar_tab.php
Be sure to scope out your area and areas up stream through which the
cold front is moving. See some bright colored stuff? Is it fairly
narrow at the leading edge of the front or is it all over? Avoid the
brightly colored stuff as it can represent violent storms. The green
stuff can also punch out some gusts to, enough to loft you so don't
get complacent about that color either. Remember, JUST because you
don't see storm indications when you're on the computer, doesn't mean
that they won't develop later on in the day. Know what to look for in
the way of weather signs and stay aware before launch up to when you
land and secure.
Most of the time sudden wind comes with some form of visible weather,
clouds, etc.. There are less common cases, around here anyway, where
the wind strikes out of the clear blue, literally. Learn about your
local weather extremes, this is an important homework assignment.
Relate what you are seeing to what appears on the Sat. image.
4. Checkout realtime winds at: http://www.ikitesurf.com/
Look over your area and those areas that are under the front already.
Look at the individual wind records for stations to see if there are
some strong gust spikes and direction changes such as shown above. If
there are also violent direction changes and gust spikes note that as
well. Try to relate these unstable winds to what you saw in the Sat.
and radar images. Are you dealing with a narrow strip of unstable
weather with a wet front or is it more of a sudden boost in wind with
a dry front?
5. While you're at the beach, keep your eyes open for signs of the
onset of frontal winds. ALWAYS be aware of the wind, clouds, white
caps, direction, gusts, etc., regardless of season. It will help you
to get the better rides and perhaps avoid a bad go to.
It is best to AVOID having a kite up during the onset of a front with
associated change in winds. Of course not all fronts are kick butt,
so what kind do you KNOW FOR A FACT you have moving in? Who knows for
sure, it is best to err on the side of caution. If you see signs of a
front coming, advancing white water, cloud masses, a ripple line, etc.
It might be good to land and secure until it is past. Of course with
ripple and white water lines, by the time you see them you may have
less than few minutes before the winds spike. ALSO, you may need to
RIG DOWN to be able to ride once and if the frontal winds spike up.
You don't want to have too large a kite up as the four guys did at the
start of this post when the wind jumps up.
Check this stuff before you ride, always. Learn to relate what you
saw online vs. what developed at the beach.
If you want to get a better idea of things also checkout the weather
maps at: http://nws.noaa.gov/outlook_tab.php
Sounds complicated? Not really, you can blast through the steps
listed above fairly rapidly. Too complex, well most riders I know are
wind junkies and knowing what brings the blow stuff is just another
part of the obsession. So why not dive in and get a handle on what
brings the joy and the dodgy bits that need to be avoided.
Get plugged into weather where you ride. You will be glad you did.
Being able to predict when the winds will turn on with a coming front
is a very good thing. It sure beats wind waiting all day at the beach.
There is a lot to know to kiteboard, some of the stuff listed above is
just part of it.
Some more info on fronts appears at:
--- In email@example.com, "Rick Iossi" <flkitesurfer@h...> wrote:
> "A powerful cold front was predicted to move into Southern Florida
> strong winds 30 to 35 mph out of the Northwest yesterday, (Sunday,
Jan. 23,
> 2005).
> (figure omitted)
> Lots of riders had been following the forecast for several days in
> An experienced rider had just arrived at the beach at about 9:00 am.
> launch was on the west coast of Florida. He noticed a line of black
> moving in from the NW. He assumed that this was the leading edge of
the long
> awaited cold front. He noticed four young guys out on the water ranging
> approximately 15 to 18 years old, on 12 to 15 m kites with a max.
weight of
> about 150 lbs. They guys were out in approximate 12 mph winds, in sunny
> conditions and were somewhat underpowered.
> The experienced rider walked up to another guy on the beach who
> knew the riders on the water. He pointed out the black menacing
cloud line
> moving in and suggested that he call his friends into shore to
> their kites. The guy blew off the warning, saying "they're good
riders, they
> can handle it."
> (figure omitted)
> The leading edge of the cold front arrived at about 9:30 am, it
rained for
> less than a minute and the wind spiked to 27 to 30 mph +. It changed
> direction from west to northwest from observations at the beach. All
> guys were almost instantly lofted while riding in the shallow waters
of the
> sound inside the sand bar. Some tried to keep their kites low to the
> and succeeded in having their boards ripped away and body dragging
> the water at about 25 mph out of control. Other guys were popped to
about 20
> ft. off the water and falling back into a couple of feet of water.
> (continued ...)
> Lots more info, figures, etc. at:
> http://www.kiteforum.com/phpbb/viewtopic.php?t=2312199
> FKA, Inc.
> transcribed by:
> Rick Iossi
> http://www.fksa.org/
- << Previous post in topic


text: I'm eligible to upgrade in about a month and am torn between the D2 and the DX. I like both for very different reasons but I am coming from an Eris so I would like the model with the least amount of issues. What sort of problems are people having with the D2? Battery life? Slow response? Feel free to share!


text: My FS-55 trimmer was not starting all of the sudden. So, I decided to clean the carb. While taking it apart, a spring sprung out and hit me. I have looked, but have no idea where it came from. Anybody have any ideas? Or know where I can see a diagram?


text:
Darius Build Guide by xBluepic
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
Thank You!
Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
Destroy. All.
Darius Build
1st unless behind -->
Behind Starter/ 2nd and 3rd items
damage options (titanic recommended)
if you really want to do damage...
vs full ap
Vs Balance, 1v9 kill em all
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
Threats to Darius with this build
|Easy, pull is the end for him generally.
- The Hand of Noxus - Introduction -
Hi, thanks for looking at my guide. Hopefully it helps you with some of the matchup questions and build orders and the best items for Darius.
My name is xBluepic, and I've begun playing Darius a lot on my main and other accounts (platinum/gold). Darius has always been a character I've awed, but it wasn't until now in Season 6 that I really started to pick him up.
Darius is an incredibly strong juggernaut with insane capabilities for dishing out tons of damage while still being extremely tanky. However, he can be weak considering how his only healing comes from the blade part of his Decimate and heals from missing hp, and how he has no movement/dashes.
- Pros and Cons -
- Very strong laner with huge all in.
- Can be bursty
- Can shred an entire teams armor with bleed and The Black Cleaver
- Noxian Guillotine/ Hemorrhage reset and Apprehend can be huge for teamfights
- True damage and armor shred (with The Black Cleaver) for huge damage despite being tanky.
- Doesn't have very many hard counters, since he wins most sustained fights.
- No mobility. Easy to gank because of this. (ward up!!)
- Not very ranged.
- Decimate becomes useless when enemies hug really close.
- Ability heavy.
- No decent disengage.
This is my first guide so I will be brief but if you have any questions or suggestions feel free to e-mail me at:
or comment on this guide. Thanks, and..
- Skills, Skill Sequence, and Usage -
- Skills -
- PASSIVE - Hemorrhage -
Darius' autos and abilities cause the enemy to begin to bleed for an amount of damage over time. This scales with AD. You can stack this passive 5 times, causing Darius to go into a raged mode where he gains an amount of AD (more per level) and applies full stacks with his abilities.
Waiting to Noxian Guillotine once in rage mode can cause Noxian Guillotine to do a lot more damage. This is because the bonus AD will immediately apply.
Darius also gains this rage mode from getting kills with Noxian Guillotine
Click here to read about the actual ability: Hemorrhage
- Q - Decimate - Max 1st -
Darius begins to charge up a spin with his axe, releasing it in a circle after a second of cast time. It deals bonus damage and applies a blood stack if an enemy is hit by the blade of his axe.
Dealing damage with the blade part of his axe on an enemy champion also heals Darius for 12% of his missing HP per champion up to 36%.
This makes Spirit Visage strong on Darius.
Use Decimate to poke from a range, heal during fights, and to outplay/kite in case you are taking damage from behind. It is a full circle, so it can help you live from ganks and dives. It also does a lot of damage early on since it is Darius' only non-ult ability that increases in damage by leveling it.
Click here to read about the actual ability: Decimate
- W - Crippling Strike - Max 3rd -
Darius empowers his next auto to deal bonus damage and apply a very strong slow for 1 second.
Use Crippling Strike as an auto reset, and to help you in chases/dealing the most damage that you can.
Click here to read about the actual ability: Crippling Strike
- E - Apprehend - Max 2nd -
Darius reaches his axe out in a cone to pull in any enemy units to right in front of him. It also applies a short strong slow after the pull.
This is Darius' only CC beyond slows, and can be crucial in pulling the weak targets in a team fight to pick them out.
Apprehend also has a 5% armor penetration bonus per point put in, making it a strong choice to max second to also lower Apprehend's cooldown.
Use Apprehend to secure a kill, especially if they don't have flash. It can be crucial in getting you in range to get a kill, or to pull enemies into your minion wave and out trade them.
Click here to read about the actual ability: Apprehend
- R - Noxian Guillotine -
Darius jumps up with his axe over his head and unleashes a powerful guillotine-like overhead cut onto the foe. It deals true damage, scaling off of AD.
It deals 20% more damage per stack of Hemorrhage bleed.
Getting kills with this ability resets its cooldown temporarily, and causes Darius to go into Hemorrhage rage mode.
Putting a 3rd point into this ability unlocks it, causing any kills with it to completely reset the cooldown.
Use Noxian Guillotine to execute enemies in lane and teamfights, to gain a reset and continue to dish out crazy amounts of damage.
Click here to read about the actual ability: Noxian Guillotine
- Skill Sequence -
- Maxing 2nd: E vs W -
You want to max Apprehend second because it offers the best value for your points at an early stage in the game.
- Apprehend -
- Cooldown and Armor Penetration % per level
- Stronger ability than Crippling Strike
- Crippling Strike -
- Only cooldown reduced per level.
- Masteries and Runes -
The recommended runes and masteries are going to be the most solid and balanced runes and masteries you can use.
- Masteries -
Grasp of the Undying <-- RECOMMENDED
- Solid overall since you should build a lot of health on Darius.
- Great in combo with his healing from Decimate.
- Crippling Strike can do lots of damage with Grasp added on. ( Flash Crippling Strike kill)
- Building Spirit Visage increases it too.
Fervor of Battle
- Only recommended vs melee matchups and as an aggressive choice against confident matchups and team compositions.
- Built around increasing auto attack and Crippling Strike damage
- Masteries building into the keystone removes some tankiness, so be ready to not be as tanky.
Stormraider's Surge
- Can assure you getting in range to pull or ult.
- Can be strong against squishy matchups
- Burstiest of the masteries.
- Doesn't always kick in so can be weaker in teamfights and if you're behind.
- Synergizes well with Darius' Noxian Guillotine.
- Runes -
- Standard -
Greater Quintessence of Attack Speed
Greater Glyph of Magic Resist
Greater Seal of Armor
Greater Mark of Attack Damage
- My Personal -
I use the % health since Darius has an extremely high base health amount compared to other champions so it also helps with building The Black Cleaver first and scaling late game.
You can replace attack speed with armor pen or attack damage if you want to be burstier and have more awkwardly slow autos.
Attack speed in my opinion helps with applying more stacks and csing.
- Items -
- Starters -
Doran's Shield <-- RECOMMENDED
- Best overall.
- Good for trading and poke matchups.
- Allows for totalbiscuits, which are awesome.
Doran's Blade
- Solid aggressive choice.
- HP makes it not overly aggressive.
- Life steal can be strong when last hitting with Crippling Strike.
- Decent choice if you want to be more aggressive.
Corrupting Potion
- Not very good on Darius, since his mana costs are low.
- Decent against poke and trade-hard lanes.
- Also good against sustain matchups.
Black Cleaver is the strongest, most synergetic, and overall best item on Darius
Let's take a closer look. Darius' Hemorrhage bleed does physical damage, which means yes, it does tick a % armor shred on The Black Cleaver. That means after one auto, you will easily shred the opponents armor by 40% in a few seconds. With added autos and abilities, this is achieved extremely easily. In addition, Darius' Apprehend passive 25% armor penetration will make you do stupid amounts of damage.
Here's more; The Black Cleaver is an improved Phage every any source of physical damage will proc the most speed buff. This means you gain perma move speed buff while you're Hemorrhage bleed is going off, making chases incredibly easy. This also helps with getting in Noxian Guillotine range, landing Decimate, and becoming in range for Apprehend.
Build this first always, unless you're behind.
- 1st-4th Items -
After The Black Cleaver, or if you're behind, you should consider these items:
Dead Man's Plate
- Improves chase and lack of mobiliy
- Does a tiny bit of damage
- Gives hp and armor, great for most ad matchups
- Looks cool af with the trail.
Solid item on Darius.
Spirit Visage
- Improves healing from Decimate
- Gives 10% cdr, always good for Darius.
- Good amount of HP and MR. Can set you up for the rest of the game if there are not many AP threats.
- Increases base HP regen, which is fairly high on Darius.
A must have in most cases where the team is not full AD.
Boots should be completed before you complete your 2nd or 3rd item.
Mercury's Treads
- Solid vs CC and AP heavy comps.
- Tenacity never hurts Darius. Can help in getting Decimate out faster for survivability.
Ninja Tabi
- Great vs fed adcs and auto-based matchups
- After The Items Above / Situations -
Sometimes you get special matchups and team compositions to face and building differently is better.
Randuin's Omen
- This item will singlehandedly prevent crit champions from doing anything.
- Perfect for Tryndamere/ Yasuo
- Good vs fed adcs in catching them with the active and 1v1ing them.
- Solid overall, gives 10 more armor than Dead Man's Plate for same cost.
Titanic Hydra
- Solid after building two hp items.
- Gives better wave clear (after using Decimate)
- Synergetic with Darius' Crippling Strike
- Great for doing more damage but staying tanky.
Is a must have for scaling well into late game.
- Great against full ad compositions.
- Good against auto-based matchups and fed adcs.
Isn't a must have, but still viable in the right situations.
Sterak's Gage
- Solid finishing item on Darius.
- Survivability and more time to apply those Hemorrhage stacks!
- Stats also great for Darius.
Other Items Mentioned in the Item Guide (top of page)
Not going to go deep into them, because they really aren't as viable. I find these items to be flexible and balanced enough. Feel free to build aggressive items, as Darius still has strong AD scalings and damage. Just know what that mean's in fighting more than a 1-3 people.
Death's Dance - decent, but should really only be used to gain that last 10% cdr for 40% and if you're fed and need some more sustain against their comp
Trinity Force - expensive, but can do crazy damage with sheen and W. Don't forget that you're wasting 1250 gold on that phage if you have Black Cleaver.
Wit's End - I've seen it work. Really only good if you struggle against an AP matchup and aren't very good about getting stacks off.
- Summoner Spells -
Flash <-- RECOMMENDED
- A must have.
- Makes up for Darius' lack of movement.
- Great combo with Apprehend, Decimate, or his Noxian Guillotine.
- Gets you out of the **** you didn't expect to get into.
Teleport <-- RECOMMENDED
- Strongest combo with Flash.
- Great for making plays bot
- Allows you to stay top and pushing until a teamfight starts.
- Can be used to return to lane early on in the game.
- Good against healing ( Dr. Mundo)
- Strong with Hemorrhage bleed passive.
Honestly not needed on Darius. His Noxian Guillotine is used as an execute, so what's the point in taking Ignite besides a fade away burn + bleed kill? Take this if you want easy early kills, but honestly in Ranked this shouldn't be used unless you're REALLY confident.
- Helpful with landing abilities.
- Helps more with Darius' lack of movement.
Again, not really needed. The Black Cleaver will give you enough movespeed. Should really only be taken if it is a movement-less matchup.
- How to Play in Lane -
It's level 1, you started Decimate.
- Poke with Decimate from a range. (start casting -> move in to hit -> move out)
- Don't try and hit too many minions, or else it can push to wave to under his tower where he is safe.
- Don't use too much mana.
Also, don't be afraid to get max Hemorrhage stacks on someone early on at level 1. Guranteed you will kill them.
Level 2! Apprehend or Crippling Strike?
Q: Are they low?
A: Take Apprehend and try to get their Flash or potentially a kill
Q: Are they not low?
A: Take Crippling Strike and use it as an auto reset to dish out some fast damage and stacks.
Level 3...4...5...6!
Darius' Noxian Guillotine is very strong and can dish out big damage after reaching 5 stacks of his Hemorrhage bleed passive. Remember, his passive gives you AD increasing his scalings (ult does even more)
- Summary -
Thanks for reading in on my Darius guide. I hope you enjoyed it.
Feel free to e-mail me or comment on this guide if you have any questions or suggestions:
Good luck in the Rift!