text:
Tuesday, August 31, 2010
Welfare Changes and Disabled People.
Thursday, August 19, 2010
Alternative Welfare Working Group Wants Input
AUCKLAND, 9 September, PUBLIC MEETING
Tatai Hono Marae, 8 Burleigh St, Grafton, Auckland, 10am
Submissions to the group can be made or online or by e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com.
To make an online submission start with the make a submission link, by fax to 04-499-2519 or by post to Alternative Welfare Working Group c/- Caritas, PO Box 12-193, Thorndon, Wellington 6144.
Other Meetings across the country see:
Tuesday, August 17, 2010
What the Welfare Working Group Really Says
What the Welfare Working Group report really saysMonday, 16 August 2010, 5:09 pm
Column: Anne Else
Digging for the truth: What the Welfare Working Group report really says
Buried deep in the report of the Welfare Working Group, "Long-term benefit dependency: the issues", are two remarkable pieces of information.
First, "New Zealand's rate of employment for disabled people is one of the highest in the OECD. Around two in three disabled people, with low or medium levels of support needs, are in employment." So are one in three of those "with high support needs".
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Second, "New Zealand's employment rate (64 percent of the working age population are in employment) is one of the highest in the OECD."
So far from being over-run with beneficiaries who are perfectly capable of taking on paid employment, despite being solely responsible for looking after children, being sick, or being an invalid, we actually have more people - including more disabled people - already in employment than other comparable countries.
This is, to say the least, rather surprising, because the rest of the report goes to great lengths to convey exactly the opposite. It repeats no less than six times the information that 170,000 people have been on a benefit for at least 5 out of the last 10 years, without ever attempting to analyse what their circumstances are.
One of its master-strokes comes in Figure 3.3: "The growth in the prevalence of benefit receipt among the working age population, 1960 to 2009".
In 1960, the majority of women – especially mothers – were not officially in the labour force at all. New Zealand had one of the lowest female participation rates in the developed world. There was no DPB and no legal abortion. Deserted or divorced mothers, no longer able to depend on a male breadwinner, were in such dire straits that some had to give their children up for adoption – as many single mothers did. Invalids, the disabled and the mentally ill lived mainly in institutions.
But not content with going back to 1960, the WWG has produced a graph where the spaces between the trend lines are neatly filled in, in different colours. So the DPB swells in gold at the bottom and the UEB surges up like a great grey mountain range at the top, while the thinner but still alarming layers of widows, sick and invalids spread across the middle. The result is the most distorted presentation of statistics I have ever seen in a government-sponsored document.
The preface says the WWG was established "to conduct a fundamental review on New Zealand's welfare system and to make practical recommendations on how to improve economic and social outcomes for people on a benefit and New Zealanders as a whole."
In fact it wasn't asked to do this, and it hasn't. As the introduction shows, the "primary focus" was much simpler: "addressing issues of long-term welfare receipt".
The first issue seems obvious: poverty. The Ministry of Social Development's own statistics show that living on a benefit is highly likely to mean living in hardship and often in "severe and significant" hardship – especially if you're a sole parent with children. And the longer you stay on a benefit, the poorer (and often sicker) you, and they, get.
When the 1969 National government set up a Royal Commission to look at social security, adequacy was the first issue it was asked to consider. It decided that the whole point of benefits was to ensure that no-one was:
"to be so poor that he cannot eat the sort of food that New Zealanders usually eat, wear the same sort of clothes, take a moderate part in those activities which the ordinary New Zealander takes part in as a matter of course. The goal is to enable any citizen to meet and mix with other New Zealanders as one of them, as a full member of the community – in brief, to belong."*
Perhaps setting benefits to achieve this meant that people who had to go on them could get off them much more easily than they can now? Maybe higher benefits mean a faster return to paid work? And for those who have to stay on them, a much greater chance of contributing in other ways – not to mention less misery?
But the WWG was told not to bother with any of this: "Our terms of reference do not cover the adequacy of benefit levels". So it didn't. And it certainly didn't consider whether very low benefit levels might make it harder to get off them.
But it couldn't entirely avoid the issue. There's a chart on page 63 that shows average benefit payments as a proportion of the average wage. The peak came in the late 1970s, when it reached around 44%.
Since then it's fallen more or less steadily. By 2009 it was well under 30% of the average wage. The projections show it continuing to fall, till by 2050 it will be less than 20% of the average wage.
How anyone could actually live on such incomes is of no interest to the WWG. Paying benefits at a sustainable level is not a principle which the WWG endorses or even mentions. It takes it for granted that being on a benefit inevitably means living in poverty. So receiving a benefit long-term is inevitably not going to be good for you or your children. This then becomes an argument not for raising benefit levels, but for getting people off benefits of every kind (except superannuation, war pensions, and ACC – but they're working on that too).
What is to be done? The WWG is sure it knows the answer, because it knows the reason.
"There are a range of explanations for people spending longer periods on a benefit. Part of the explanation relates to people's personal circumstances. However, it also relates to how the support that people receive when in the benefit system affects their ability to locate and sustain employment. Our conclusion is that a lack of consistent work focus makes it difficult for the most vulnerable groups to secure employment."
And again (repeatedly, but twice will do here):
"People on a benefit long-term are disproportionately [my italics] on the Domestic Purposes Benefit, Sickness Benefit and Invalid's Benefit, rather than on the Unemployment Benefit. The lack of a consistent work focus on these benefits has contributed to people remaining on a benefit for long periods."
It's really quite simple. More work focus equals shorter benefit receipt, regardless of the reason for being on a benefit in the first place. Given enough consistent work focus, almost everyone, despite ill-health, disability or sole parenting, should be able to support themselves from paid work.
For many, especially sole parents on low wages, it's likely that the government will have to subsidise their earnings by almost as much as the benefit. The WWG barely mentions this, though one graph (Figure 5.4) gives some idea of the truth (and, incidentally, the appalling complexity of the benefit system): for most sole mothers, it is only these subsidies that "make work pay".
At one point the WWG attempts to show that it understands what parenting – let alone sole parenting – involves. It is hard to grasp how the embarrassing result ever made it into the final report:
"Care involves activities like over-seeing health and safety, controlling inter-child conflict and feeding. Education involves more active learning. The OECD notes that 'care shades into education... [and that] appropriate adult-child ratios decline as the child gets older and care needs diminish'."
This is straight out of Oliver Twist. It harks back to the bad old days (lasting until the 1980s) before New Zealand governments accepted that childcare and education aer inseparable. But the WWG knows better. Moreover, once out of babyhood, the children of the poor have no right to the luxury of even one parent's full-time attention.
Another graph, Figure 5.3, tries to show that the more "work focus" applied to sole parents, the lower the numbers of DPB recipients. In fact the numbers move broadly in line with the state of the labour market, both male and female (jobs are still strongly divided by gender). Despite Working for Families, DPB numbers began to rise sharply as the recession took hold.
And this, of course, is the looming elephant in the room. At a time when straightforward, no-job unemployment has soared, especially among Maori (over 16 percent) and Pasifika (over 14 percent), what on earth makes the WWG think that this is a good time to crank up the pressure on those who face so many extra hurdles to earning enough to live on?
It is probably true that for many people now on a benefit other than the UEB, having a decent, safe, accessible, manageable job to go to would improve their lives - though probably not as much as simply having enough to live on, rather than barely survive; and certainly not as much as getting the help they need to deal properly with the circumstances and conditions which made them dependent on a benefit in the first place.
But with its other hand, the government has been busily kicking away possible ladders. It has removed the Training Incentive Allowance for sole parents, as well as the cheap evening classes thousands of people used to better their lives, and ensured that entry to university is restricted. Health care is under siege too, with Wellington's CEO resigning because he was unable to make more cuts without damaging care.
There is almost no indication in the report that the WWG has any notion of what keeps people on benefits long-term, or what their lives are like, or what amazing feats of survival they perform every day. To the WWG, all that matters is that they are not working (or not working enough):
"When people lose their jobs [meaning, become ill or disabled or have to care for children alone] they are classified in a way that emphasises extra difficulties, rather than the fundamental need for employment."
Make benefits hard enough to get, regardless of these "extra difficulties", and the problem will be solved. Where the jobs are to come from is not worth discussing.
To be fair, there is one revealing hint in the report that the demand for labour – or at least for cheap, flexible labour – did influence the WWG's thinking:
"Allied Workforce also notes that employment legislation (personal grievance laws, the ever-increasing minimum wage, and the now defunct youth rates) can be counter-productive to the interests of those they seek to help."
Allied Workforce says it is now the largest supplier of casual and temporary labour-hire in New Zealand, with 27 branches from Kaitaia to Invercargill. Despite the recession, its after-tax profit to 31 March was $2 million, slightly down from the previous year's $2.1 million, but enough to push its shares up 18 percent.
Its managing director, Simon Hull, says "a number of businesses are … rediscovering the ways in which contract labour can reduce costs and increase productivity for industry." He hopes businesses will shift to hiring casual labour, rather than keeping on permanent staff they don't need: "Hopefully, we won't see a return to the patterns of four to five years ago where businesses clung on to staff, often even when they couldn't keep them fully utilised, as they were afraid of losing the capacity."
"Companies like ours are best placed to manage and place people where and when they are required for industry. That way when a particular skill set is required you pick up the phone and it's there, and when you no longer need it the cost is gone."
(Scoop, 28 July 2010, http://business.scoop.co.nz/2010/07/28/contract-labour-demand-strong-despite-recession/ )
It doesn't take much thought to understand why it would suit Allied Workforce and its shareholders – 25 of whom own 18.6 million shares – to have a lower or no minimum wage, a return to youth rates, and easier dismissals. And the government is listening – the last has already been achieved, with the extension of the 90-day provision to all workplaces.
Creating a larger pool of desperate job-seekers partly subsidised by the state would be a big help too.
* New Zealand Royal Commission of Inquiry into Social Security Social Security in New Zealand: Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry [1972] IV AJHR H 53, p.62.
Anne Else is a Wellington writer and social commentator. Her occasional column will typically appear on a Monday. You can subscribe to receive Letter From Elsewhere by email when it appears via theFree My Scoop News-By-Email Service. Anne blogs at http://elsewoman.blogspot.com
Government Starves Beneficiaries
A sole parent says she has lost a sixth of her bodyweight because she has not been able to eat properly since the Government tightened access to training subsidies for beneficiaries last year.
Sara, a 35-year-old West Auckland mother in her second year of an applied science degree at Unitec, gets $517 a week in welfare but needs $668 a week to pay rent, drive to her classes and run a home for herself and her 12-year-old daughter - a shortfall of $151 a week.
Her doctor advised her to go to the Waitakere office of Social Development Minister Paula Bennett because her weight had dropped from 59kg to just under 50kg since early last year as a result of her not being able to afford food.
Ms Bennett's office made an appointment for her with Work and Income's Westgate manager, but the agency could come up with only an extra $4 a week.
She cannot use her surname in print because she is afraid of a violent ex-partner. But the Herald supplied her full details to Ms Bennett and to Work and Income's head office in Wellington, which confirmed that she is receiving her "full and correct entitlement".
Beneficiary advocate Pam Apera said cases like Sara's were common and she was fielding a growing number of calls from beneficiaries who could see no way out except suicide.
"I fielded two at least two-hour calls on Tuesday and that's what other community groups are saying as well," she said.
Although many beneficiaries have always struggled, the situation has become more difficult for those trying to get training to get off welfare since the training incentive allowance was axed in last year's Budget for courses at level four and above - broadly anything above high-school level.
Beneficiaries studying at that level can take out student loans to cover their full course fees plus up to $1000 extra for course-related costs.
But they are not entitled to the "living costs" component of student loans of up to $163 a week.
Instead, until last year, they could get a training incentive allowance of up to $98 a week to cover costs such as childcare required for their courses.
Sara spends $90 a week on petrol to get to Unitec in Mt Albert, take her daughter to school and make frequent visits to her doctor and specialists because she has asthma and a rare genetic condition.
She also pays $12 a week for parking at Unitec and $26 a week for a home phone and internet service which she needs for her study.
Ms Apera said she could not see anything that could be cut in Sara's weekly spending. She does not smoke and has not bought an alcoholic drink since last year. She survives only by economising on food.
"On Monday I ate what was left over from my daughter's dinner. That's what I usually do," Sara said.
Most of her clothes no longer fit because she has lost so much weight. "I was a size 10. I'm a size 6 now."
* DPB + Temporary Additional Support (net of repayments to Work and Income for benefit advances) - $289.86 pw
* Accommodation supplement - $125.00 pw
* Family support (one child aged 12) - $86.00 pw
* Disability allowance - $16.46 pw
TOTAL - $517.32 pw
Fixed costs
* Rent (2.5-bedroom flat in West Auckland) - $295.00 pw
* Petrol (to Unitec Mt Albert 5 days pw + hospital visits etc) - $90.00 pw
* Debt repayments (credit card + HP for child's clothes & shoes) - $50.00 pw
* Power - $38.00 pw
* Child's bus home from intermediate school - $27.00 pw
* Phone/internet (required for study) - $26.00 pw
* Parking (Unitec) - $12.00 pw
* Medical costs (fixed weekly payment to friendly GP) - $10.00 pw
* Water bill - $10.00 pw
* Fines (no WOF or rego on car - still can't afford WOF) - $10.00 pw
TOTAL - $568.00 pw
Net deficit before food - $50.68 pw
Deficit allowing $100 for food - $150.68 pw
Rotorua Benefits Protest
Rotorua beneficiaries burnt cardboard cutouts of
Social Development Minister Paula Bennett as part
of protest against her threats to their benefits. 100
beneficiaries gathered outside the Work and Income
on July 11 to demonstrate against the Future Focus
Bill which could see entitlements to emergency
grants slashed. The bill would also force domestic
purposes beneficiaries to compete against a record
number of unemployed for jobs once their youngest
child turns six. March organiser Paul Blair, from the
Rotorua Welfare Action Group, said the National
Government is perpetuating the lie that there
are jobs for everyone and refuses to admit that
unemployment is a permanent structural feature ofcapitalism
Monday, August 16, 2010
Beneficiaries can't afford school costs
e.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10666578&fb_ref=fb _like&fb_source=profile_oneline
NACTS Misleading Figures
But the $50 billion figure is rather meaningless. You could add up the lifetime costs of paying someone state-funded superannuation, but that would not be a reason on its own for no longer paying it.
Tapu Misa, this isn't the benefit reform we need
Tax Splitting, money for rich at expense of poor
Wednesday, August 11, 2010
Welfare Bashing, Gordon Campbell's view.
The government's welfare working group has dutifully delivered the findings the government wants to hear. To Paula Rebstock and her colleagues, being on welfare is primarily a failure of attitude by beneficiaries – and has little or nothing to do with failures by government or business to create jobs, or with cutbacks to Social Welfare staff, or with any other structural factor beyond the education system – which gets a few lumps for not providing business with the kind of drones it needs to fit into the job slots available, assuming such slots existed, which they currently don't........
Focus on Job Creation not Beneficiary Bashing
Welfare working group bad for children
Media Release 9 August, 2010
The Welfare working group is bad for children, say critics.
The release today of the Welfare Working Group's (WWG) issues paper is a missed opportunity, says Child Poverty Action Group. Instead of offering up some constructive ways to make welfare relevant in the 21st century, it has manufactured a crisis that doesn't exist, the group says.
While the group is pleased the WWG has taken account of children, it is disappointed the report has failed to recognise that working does not always result in the best outcome for children.
Spokesperson Donna Wynd says the report has overlooked research showing that working parents can be very stressful for children, especially when not working can result in loss of income.
"We also know from our own research and overseas studies that children and young people are vulnerable to behavioural problems when sole parents work. The report should have acknowledged this. As well, the improvements in income that come from working usually come from government subsidies, and there is no discussion about whether these are more sustainable than paying parents a benefit."
The group is also alarmed at the prospect of a two-tiered insurance-based system.
"The working group has been told that insurance cements in existing inequalities, but have chosen to ignore this advice. Instead, they now concede we may end up with a two-tier system, with one tier for those with insurance, and a much lower level of support and private charity for those who are uninsurable.
Children are already over-represented in New Zealand's poverty statistics, and this proposal will mean that the poverty they and their families endure will be even deeper and more difficult to escape," said Donna Wynd.
CPAG says the government has invented a crisis and children in benefit dependent households look set to suffer.
"New Zealand may have a crisis, but it is a crisis of inter-generational poverty. Until the government comes up with a credible plan to create the jobs it wants sole parents to get, it would be better off offering additional support to all low-income families to help children escape poverty."
· Donna Wynd, CPAG economics spokesperson. mobile (021) 2377-779
· Associate-Professor Mike O'Brien, CPAG Social Security spokesperson
Director, Social Work and Social Policy programme
School of Health and Social Services, Massey University
09 4418161 (direct) 09 4439700 ext 9161
022 523 0146 (mob)
Kind Regards
Julie Timmins
Ka Whangaia ka tupu, ka puawai
That which is nurtured, blossoms and grows.


text:
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
@MISC{Tarjan88ano(n, author = {Robert E. Tarjan and Christopher J. Van Wyk}, title = {AN O(n log log n)-TIME ALGORITHM FOR TRIANGULATING A SIMPLE POLYGON}, year = {1988}}
Given a simple n-vertex polygon, the triangulation problem is to partition the interior of the polygon into n-2 triangles by adding n-3 nonintersecting diagonals. We propose an O(n log logn)-time algorithm for this problem, improving on the previously best bound of O (n log n) and showing that triangulation is not as hard as sorting. Improved algorithms for several other computational geometry problems, including testing whether a polygon is simple, follow from our result.
log log
time algorithm triangulating simple polygon
time algorithm
log logn
triangulation problem
several computational geometry problem
n-3 nonintersecting diagonal
n-2 triangle
simple n-vertex polygon
Developed at and hosted by The College of Information Sciences and Technology
© 2007-2016 The Pennsylvania State University


text:
The Southwestern Historical Quarterly, Volume 94, July 1990 - April, 1991 Page: 348
This periodical is part of the collection entitled: Southwestern Historical Quarterly and was provided to The Portal to Texas History by the Texas State Historical Association.
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Southwestern Historical Quarterly
neighbors, one is left with the feeling that we are hearing the pleas of
sophisticated attorneys arguing the case of their clients.
Both agree that Mexico's immense foreign debt, primarily to U.S.
banks, is the result of an asymmetrical relationship between two uneven
economies. Mexico, in spite of grand efforts, does not earn enough dol-
lars to pay for what it buys, and the United States cannot help reverse
the trend by paying more attention to its neighbor because it is so con-
cerned about its eroding world prowess.
But Pastor prescribes less reliance on dollar-devouring protected in-
dustries and trade barriers and further integration of both economies,
a recommendation that is certainly not original. Mexico would become
one giant maquiladora, argues Castafieda, who does not give up com-
pletely on import substitution. Besides, severe economic dislocations
and tragic cultural ramifications would ensue from such a policy.
They also make disparate observations when they examine foreign
policy between the two nations. When Mexico did not support the
Reagan administration against Sandinista Nicaragua, the U.S. retali-
ated and sabotaged the Mexican economy, or so goes a prevailing opin-
ion in Mexico that is not Castafieda's. It has also engaged in Mexico
bashing, a la Jesse Helms, stirring up time-honored sources of resent-
ment among the American public, such as drug running and illegal im-
migration. But, Pastor counters, United States policy has been misread
and misinterpreted by overly sensitive, sometimes paranoid Mexican
politicians and intelligentsia. Castafieda partially agrees but offers that
the most scathing criticism of the United States has some basis in truth.
After reading this book, one does not come away startled by new reve-
lations or offended to any great degree by either position. At times,
however, Pastor's opinions seem to come from State Department press
releases, while Castafieda is more careful to extricate himself from con-
troversial positions held by Mexicans and their government.
The reader benefits to a larger degree from a wealth of knowledge
not available to scholars or laymen. These two scholars approach their
task confidently and self-assured, not just because they are careful re-
searchers but also because they have been intimately involved in the af-
fairs of their respective nations, prying out valuable knowledge for
those of us who are not privy to such sources. Castafieda has a long-
standing relationship with the Secretaria de Relaciones Exteriores, and
Pastor has held high-level positions in the Department of State.
Arizona State University F. ARTURO ROSALES
Texas Forgotten Ports: Mid-Gulf Coast Ports from Corpus Christi to Mata-
gorda Bay. By Keith Guthrie. (Austin: Eakin Press, 1989. Pp. viii+
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FOI release
LAN/WLAN contracts in Defra
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- Government transparency and accountability
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- 3 October 2013
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Existing supplier and average spend on LAN/WLAN contract provision and maintenance
Response to FOI request - LAN/WLAN contracts in Defra
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A set of vintage Trifari jewelry made in 1941. These are the unmatched three wise monkeys that gesture the message "see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil". These pins are made up of a fine sterling silver base metal which has a nice gold wash over it. The "hear no evil" monkey has five green glass stones atop the crown on it's head and another five white rhinestones under these green glass pieces. The monkey has red rhinestone eyes and pave set white rhinestones in the belly and over it's ankles. The "speak no evil" monkey has blue stones on the crown and the "see no evil" has red glass stones. The monkeys each measure 1 3/8" long by 1/2" wide and are signed "Trifari" and "Des. Pat. No. 129317" dating the pins to September 2nd, 1941. The monkeys were designed by Alfred Philippe and each is in wonderful condition with no missing stones.
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At first, Bea Hanson just thought her office seemed quieter. Ms. Hanson heads the domestic violence program at Safe Horizon, a nonprofit organization overseeing the city's 1,500 shelter beds for battered women and children, and she is usually deluged with calls.
But in the days following the attack of Sept. 11, she realized that phones were not ringing because fewer women were calling for help.
''Women told us they felt safer in their abusive homes than out on the streets where towers were falling,'' she said. ''They also felt like their problems weren't significant. Some even told us not to call 911 because cops had better things to do.''
In July, Safe Horizon logged 12,016 calls related to domestic abuse. In September, calls dropped to 8,767. By November, there were 10,129 calls, but requests for shelter were still down 15 percent from last year.
At the Mayor's Commission to Combat Family Violence, workers noticed the same dip and rushed to alter their annual ad campaign against domestic abuse. In November, 575 subway cars and buses carried posters with quotations that made unmistakable, if oblique, reference to Sept. 11: ''I'm used to living in fear; now, it's worse.'' ''With all this tragedy, it's much harder to talk about the abuse.''
Response to the posters, which remain through this month, has been encouraging and calls are approaching expected levels, said Angela Albertus, the commission's executive director. ''We had to acknowledge that people were feeling reluctant to come forward after Sept. 11,'' Ms. Albertus said. ''But women are still getting hurt, and they need to know there's help for them.''Continue reading the main story
At Sanctuary for Families, an advocacy group for battered women, counselors are even preparing for an increase in abuse cases.
''We have a huge number of communities in New York that need help,'' said Anindita Bhaumik, the group's intake coordinator, ''and in each of them, men are bringing that fear and stress home and taking it out on their families. It's scary.''
KELLY CROWContinue reading the main story


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GraphicRiver Tigers 11575220
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GraphicRiver Tigers 11575220
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Sitting \ Series \ Safari \ Predator \ Standing \ Tiger \ Yellow \ Wildlife
Stock Vector - Tigers 11575220 by interactimages @ GraphicRiver
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Six different positions of cute tiger
Cities and Parks; Animal and Bus; Education; Monster and Bus; Tortoise and Hare; Bear Under Tree with Four Butterflies; Monsters and Train.
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Issue 10 Property Spring 2003
Mismatch of the Day
Paul Collins
There was the usual flurry of press coverage last summer when a 37-year old theater producer strode into a London gallery and smashed the head off a statue of Margaret Thatcher. "Should Lady Thatcher's head be replaced?" the Guardian asked its readers—a question they surely would have responded "yes" to even before the attack. But lost amid all the excitement was the real symbolism of the attack: not who was attacked, but how. The assailant, you see, had used a cricket bat. It was as if the very embodiment of Britishness had knocked Maggie's block off.
Paul Collins edits the Collins Library for McSweeney's Books, and is the author of Banvard's Folly (Picador, 2001) and Sixpence House (Bloomsbury, 2003).
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