text:
|Fabrice Gautrat
|GA Rush
|United States of America
|Elite – 12 points
|Adult Member
See the guidance at the top of this page to understand why you are not seeing interactive Football/Soccer images.
3v1 Warm-up or 4v2.
- Have to call name of person you're passing to.
- 10 passes for offensive players = player defending in the middle stays in an extra turn.
Coaching Point: 3 step rule, always supporting your teammate.
See the guidance at the top of this page to understand why you are not seeing interactive Football/Soccer images.
Technical + Shooting Circuit
1. Dribbling through tight cones, Then dribble with more space. As player cuts around last cone.
2. Peels off to receive ball with hips open. As 2 receives it and gets head up.
3. Opens up to then play a pass to 4.
4. Check away and peels off at an angle. Dribbles at big cone. goes to the left and finishes. Player needs to finish on the ground.
Same thing on other side. Once player finishes on one side they move over to other side to work on right foot finish.
Progressions: different cuts. Inside, sole across, sole-v, sole behind, and fake shot. OR player 4 now shields the ball and then shoots.
Coaching Points: Timing, crisp passes, speed of action. It's not okay to go 50%.
See the guidance at the top of this page to understand why you are not seeing interactive Football/Soccer images.
Warm-up: Two Player Combination and Peeling Off
A. In the left grid, we use two balls, one at each end line. Inside players starting positions in the middle and at the same time they both peel off to the side and receive a pass, control it with first touch and play it to the opposite end line with second touch and return to the middle of the gird facing a new end line.
B. In the middle grid, use two balls, one at each end line. Again, the two inside players start in the middle and peel off and play an 'in-back-through' passing combination with the end line players and play it to the other end line and return to the middle to start again facing the new end line.
C. Progress to playing 2v1 to target in the grid, as shown in diagram below. It's actually 1v1 inside the grid plus using the end line player as support to make it 2v1. The end line player cannot enter grid and is used for possession support and for playing through balls. Each inside player defends one end line and attacks the other end line and scores by passing the ball to the end line target. Only inside player can score.
All the passing combination and peeling off movement practiced in the warm up variations above should now come in handy to beat the defender in the grid.
In the diagram above, the red attacker combines with his end line player to get behind defender and score by playing to the target at the other end. Now the roles are reversed and the red player defends and the white player is attacking towards the other target. Give the inside players 3-5 seconds to catch their breath and get into new positions to transition going the other way.
See the guidance at the top of this page to understand why you are not seeing interactive Football/Soccer images.
2v2 Possession Game: 12 x 15 yard rectangle
Organization: Groups of 4 play 2v2 possession; 3 minute game, losing team fitness. Winner's play other winners.
Scoring: 1. Teams score a point every time they make 5 consecutive passes. 2. Every 1 touch pass is a point. 3. Every split pass is a point
Objective: Teach to open body to see pressure and space relationship. Quick support,support angle, when to drop square and when to run behind defenders for a split pass.When to fake a pass and dribble instead.Players learn how to stay close to each other and constantly adjust their support angle as they pass back and forth or dribble. Once they get pressed too tight against a grid line, they must find a way to spring the ball into the open space and regroup without losing it.
Again, as in Activity 3, running 'smart' instead of running 'hard' is the key. Also, there is plenty of scope for deception here, both for the player off-the-ball and the player on the-ball.
See the guidance at the top of this page to understand why you are not seeing interactive Football/Soccer images.
2v2 Flying Changes: 30x20
Organization: 2 teams of equal players. 2v2 to goal. Ball goes in the goal or out of bounds on the defending side and 2 new players dribble into the game. Play to 10.
Progression: 2v2+1. Two touch game.
Coaching Points- Speed of Play. Facilitate them to make decisions as to when to go and how quickly to go. At first will need to remind them but eventually you want them to be dribbling in without you telling them. Dribble into grid with pace and purpose.
See the guidance at the top of this page to understand why you are not seeing interactive Football/Soccer images.
Roles of Each Player in 7v7 in Build-up Phase: 1-2-3-1
7v7 grid size: 28 x 45 yards
9v9 Grid Size: 45 x 70 yards.
Coaching points: *****LET THEM PLAY!!!! DONT STOP IT EVERY TWO SECONDS AND DONT OVER COACH. LET THEM PLAY AND MAKE ONE OR TWO FREEZES. COACH IN THE FLOW AND IN NATURAL STOPPAGES!!!!!!
#1: Role of the Goal Keeper: keepers should learn how to support the back line in possession, how to distribute and be the first line of attack instead of just punt the ball long. Keepers need to learn to pass the ball on goal kicks rather than just kick it long.
#4&5: Role of the Center Backs: The back line plays a vital role in possession. The defenders need to learn how to support the midfield in possession, how to make the field big and how to help relieve pressure. The defense also plays a crucial role in switching the point of attack.
#6 Role of the Defensive Midfield: the number 6 player dictates the rhythm of possession. He needs to learn how to support the attack from behind the ball.
#2&3 Role of the Wide Players: Players 2 & 3 provide width and penetration. They need to learn to stay wide and open body to the field and provide support to the midfielders.
#9 Role of the Center Forward: Player 9 provides depth and an outlet from high pressing opponents. She needs to learn to stretch the field and stay high and central and be available for the long pass option from the back.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 21, 2010
|Filing date
|Apr 12, 2006
|Priority date
|Jun 15, 2001
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Derek J. Hansford, Robbie J. Walczak, Anthony A. Boiarski
|Original Assignee
|The Ohio State University Research Foundation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (25), Non-Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (11), Classifications (30), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This patent application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/170,775, filed Jun. 13, 2002, entitled Nanopump Devices and Methods, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/298,830 entitled "Nanopump Apparatus and Method" filed on Jun. 15, 2001; U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/298,812 entitled "Nanopump Separation Device and Method" filed on Jun. 15, 2001; and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/298,813 entitled Nanopump Device for Determining DNA Fragment Lengths" filed on Jun. 15, 2001, the disclosures of which are incorporated as if fully rewritten herein.
The present invention relates to the field of (i) small-volume pumps, applications thereof, and methods employing such pumps; (ii) separation devices, and methods using such devices; and (iii) devices and methods for determining DNA fragment lengths, e.g., for DNA sequencing.
Nanopump Apparatus and Method
The invention includes a nanopump for pumping electrolyte from one reservoir to another, or from one reservoir to an electrolyte "sink." The pump includes a supply reservoir for holding a supply electrolyte solution, and disposed against a wall region of the reservoir, a membrane having a plurality of flow-through channels extending between an inner membrane surface in contact with said supply electrolyte solution, and an outer side in contact with the electrolyte sink. The channels have a minimum cross-sectional dimension between 2 and 100 nm and a net surface charge when the pH of the supply solution is within a given pH range. Electrodes are disposed on either side of membrane for contact with said supply and recipient solutions. A controller includes a power source operatively connected to the electrodes for applying a selected voltage potential across said channel, to pump solution in the supply reservoir through said channel.
The channels forming the membrane preferably have a substantially uniform minimum dimension along their lengths, and more preferably a minimum dimension in a selected range between about 10 and 30 nm.
The controller is preferably operable to apply a voltage potential across the electrodes of between about 0.5-20 volts. The controller may additionally include a control element for applying across the electrodes, a pulsed voltage whose duration is effective to pump a selected volume of supply solution across said membrane.
The membrane may be formed of a silicon substrate with polysilicon and silicon dioxide layers, or other suitable materials such as polymers, titanium, etc. The pump may include a recipient reservoir designed for holding the recipient solution in contact with the outer side of said membrane.
Also forming part of the invention is a method of pumping controlled and reproducible nanoliter (nl) quantities of an electrolyte solution from a supply reservoir into a recipient electrolyte solution. The method includes placing the electrolyte solution in a supply reservoir, in contact with a membrane of the type described above placing the outer membrane surface in contact with a recipient electrolyte solution, and with a pair of electrodes placed across said membrane, in contact with solution in said supply reservoir and with said recipient electrolyte, applying across the electrodes, a voltage potential effective to pump supply solution across the membrane from the supply reservoir into the recipient solution via electroosmotic flow.
B. Nanopump Separation Device and Method
The invention includes a separation device for separating macromolecules in a solution of macromolecules having different molecular sizes. The device includes a separation chamber having upstream and downstream ends, and one or more membranes disposed in the chamber between the upstream and downstream ends, partitioning said chamber into two or more chamber regions, respectively. Each membrane has a plurality of flow-through channels extending between adjacent chamber regions, the channels have a selected minimum cross-sectional dimension in the range between 2 and 100 nm and a net surface charge when exposed to a solution within a given pH range, and if the device contains two or more such membranes, the selected minimum cross-section of the channels in any membrane is greater than that in membrane immediately adjacent in the downstream direction.
Upstream and downstream electrodes are disposed in the chamber, for contacting solution placed in the chamber and contained in the in the upstream-most and downstream-most of the chamber regions, respectively. A controller in the device includes a power source operatively connected to said electrodes for applying a selected voltage potential across the membrane(s), to pump solution through each of the membranes, in an upstream-to-downstream direction, such that macromolecules contained in the solution are filtered at each successive membrane, to concentrate successively smaller macromolecules in successively more downstream chamber regions.
The device preferably includes at least two membranes, and at least three separate chamber regions. For separating globular proteins having solution radii between about 20 to 300 angstroms.
The device may further include a fluid outlet communicating with each chamber region, and an electrode associated with each outlet. Here the voltage source is operably connected to the outlet electrodes, for diverting macromolecules in a chamber region out of the chamber through said outlet.
Alternatively, the each chamber region has inlet and outlet ports for circulating liquid through that chamber, to remove separated macromolecules in the chamber region from the chamber,
Also forming part of this invention is a method of separating macromolecules in a solution of macromolecules having different molecular sizes. The method includes placing the electrolyte solution in an upstream chamber region of a device of the type described above, and with a pair of electrodes placed across the membrane(s), in contact with solution in the upstream and downstream reservoirs, applying across said electrodes, a voltage potential effective to pump supply solution across said membrane from the upstream into the downstream reservoir, wherein macromolecules in said solution are separated on the basis of their ability to pass through the channels in said membrane.
C. Nanopump Device for Determining DNA Fragment Lengths
The invention includes a device for determining the lengths of nucleic acid fragments in an electrolyte solution of different-length fragments and having a selected pH. The device includes a chamber, and a membrane disposed in said chamber and having a channel extending between an upstream chamber region adapted to hold the electrolyte solution of such different-length fragments, and a downstream chamber region adapted to hold an electrolyte solution, where (i) said channel has a selected minimum cross-sectional dimension in the range between 2 and 15 nm and a net surface charge within a given pH range that includes the selected solution pH. Upstream and downstream electrodes disposed in the upstream and downstream chamber regions, respectively, contact solution placed in the corresponding chamber regions. A controller in the device includes (i) a power source operatively connected to the electrodes for applying a selected voltage potential across the channel, to move individual nucleic acid fragments contained in the solution through the channel, and (ii) a current detector for detecting time-dependent current flow across the membrane.
The channel may be formed by a pair of planar channel, each having a channel thickness in the 2-20 nm range, arranged orthogonally with respect to one another, such that the intersection of the two channels a forms a rectangular area whose dimensions correspond to the two thicknesses of the intersecting channels.
The membrane may have a plurality of channels, where the current detector is effective to measure time-dependent current independently through each of the channels. The minimum channel width is preferably within the range 2-10 nm.
The controller may be effective to place across the electrodes, a voltage potential effective to move nucleic acid fragments electrophoretically through said channel.
Also disclosed is a method of determining the lengths of nucleic acid fragments in an electrolyte solution of different-length fragments and having a selected pH. The method includes placing the solution in an upstream chamber region of a chamber having upstream and downstream chamber regions separated by a membrane having a channel extending between the two chamber regions, where the channel has a selected minimum cross-sectional dimension in the range between 2 and 15 nm and a net surface charge within a given pH range that includes the selected solution pH. With a pair of electrodes placed across said membrane, in contact with solution in the upstream and downstream chamber regions, a voltage potential effective to pump solution across said channel, wherein individual nucleic acid fragments move through said channel is applied across the membrane. Time-dependent changes in current flow through the channel are determined, as a measure of the length of individual nucleic acid fragments moving through said channel.
These and other objects and features of the invention will be more fully appreciated when the following detailed description of the invention is read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
The present invention, called a "nanopump", is a fluid pump comprising a collection of parallel arrays of multiple channels which, in their smallest dimensions are in the approximate range of 5 nm-100 nm. The channels, e.g., rectangular or U-shaped channels, are fabricated from materials such as silicon and silicon oxides, polymers, or metals, such as titanium, the surfaces of which exhibit a net surface charge when exposed to electrolyte solutions at appropriate pH levels. Under the influence of an electrical field applied across the array, electroosmotic flow is induced, pumping aqueous subject matter from one side of the array to the other.
By controlling the geometry of the multiple-channel arrays, the individual channel width, surface charge density and polarity, together with controlling the array thickness and electrolyte properties, the flow properties can be tailored for highly specific applications.
a. Theory of Operation
The nanopump is based on electroosmotic flow. Electroosmotic flow is a basic physical-chemical phenomenon, but has special properties when it is applied to materials such as silicon or silicon oxides. A further examination of silicon (Si) surface chemistry is required to ensure that the basic process is well described.
The chemical state of the silicon surface can be either in an oxidized form or oxide-free, bare silicon, terminated by Si—H groups. The silicon surface, after a wet cleaning step and a final oxidative step, is hydrophilic. The thickness of this SiO2 layer is between 0.6 and 2.0 nm, its nominal value depending on oxidation conditions and the measurement techniques used. This chemical oxide, often referred to as "native" oxide, forms a passivation layer with a dangling-bond defect density in the range of 1012 cm-2 at the Si/SiO2 interface. The defect densities reported are about two orders of magnitude higher than for thermal oxides. Recent studies suggest that the quality of the native oxides is strongly dependent on the applied chemistry in which they are formed, and that higher-quality oxides can be obtained with alternate chemistries such as DI water/ozone.
Wet-chemically grown oxides are hydrophilic in contrast to thermal oxides. This difference is caused by the way the oxygen atom is bound to the silicon on the surface. Thermal oxides are characterized through the formation of siloxane rings, which are very stable against hydrolysis. Wet-chemically grown oxides are generally covered with surface hydroxyl groups (Si—OH) called silanol groups, and are very similar in their behavior with respect to silica gels. Geometrical considerations and chemical measurements indicate an average surface density of around five hydroxyl groups per nm2, but this number can typically range from 2-12 hydroxyl groups per nm2. It is important to note that not all hydroxyl groups formed on a surface are chemically equivalent owing to structural differences in their coordination, but in general the surface hydroxyl groups on a hydrous oxide have donor properties similar to those of their corresponding counterparts in solution, the hydroxides.
Following such treatment, as illustrated in
Electroosmotic flow is also influenced by addition of certain organic bases to a running buffer. For example, addition of N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,3-butanediamine (TMBD) in the running electrolyte effects electroosmotic flow and the migration behavior of basic proteins in bare fused-silica capillaries. Depending on the electrolyte pH (4.0, 5.5 and 6.5, respectively) and additive concentration the electroosmotic flow can be either cathodic or anodic. A similar Langmuirian-type dependence of the electroosmotic flow on the concentration of TMBD in the running electrolyte was found at the three experimented pH values, which may be indicative of the specific adsorption of the additive in the immobilized region of the electric double layer at the interface between the capillary wall and the electrolyte solution.
B. Electroosmotic Flow
Most surfaces, including silicon as noted above, obtain a surface electric charge when they are brought into contact with electrolyte solutions. This surface charge influences the ion distribution in the polar medium forming the electric double layer. Gouy and Chapman modeled the region near the surface as a diffuse electrical double layer (EDL), where they equated the non-uniform ion distribution to the competing electrical and thermal diffusion forces. Stem later presented the basis for the current model, in which the Stem plane splits the EDL into an inner, compact layer and an outer, diffuse layer.
In the inner layer, also known as the Stem layer, the geometry of the ions and molecules strongly influences the charge and potential distribution, with the Stem plane located near the surface at roughly the radius of a hydrated ion. The inner layer between the surface and the Stem plane is considered to be immobile. When the ions are within the Stem plane, thermal diffusion will not be strong enough to overcome electrostatic, or Van der Waals forces and they will attach to the surface to become specifically adsorbed.
In the outer diffuse layer, the ions are far enough away from the surface that they are mobile. Electrokinetic transport phenomena such as electroosmosis can be understood in terms of the surface potential at the surface of the shear (approximately at the Stern plane), known as the zeta potential (.xi.), because these phenomena are only directly related to the mobile part of the EDL.
Because of the EDL, the net charge density (se) within the diffuse layer is not zero. If an electric field is applied along the length of the channel, a body force is exerted on the ions in the diffuse layer of the EDL. The ions will move under the influence of the applied electrical field, pulling the liquid with them and resulting in electroosmotic flow. The fluid movement is carried through to the rest of the fluid in the channel by viscous forces. This electrokinetic process is called electroosmosis.
Prior studies of EDL and electroosmotic flows are limited to systems with simple geometries such as cylindrical capillaries with circular cross sections and slit-type channels formed by two parallel plates. However, for the channels embodied in the present invention, and in other fluidic devices produced by micro-machining techniques, the cross-sectional shape is close to planar. In such a situation, the EDL field is two-dimensional and will influence the two-dimensional flow field in the rectangular microchannel.
B. Pump Structure
In operation, the reservoirs in the pump are filled with an electrolyte solution whose pH is effective to impart a net charge, e.g., net negative charge, to the walls of the nanopore membrane. The power source is then activated to apply a selected voltage potential across the electrodes, producing electro-osmotic pumping across the membrane from the supply to the recipient reservoir.
C. Fabrication Process
The nanopump is created through a microfabrication process using bulk and surface micromachining. In the preferred embodiment, the microfabricated nanopump comprises a surface-micromachined array of channels on top of an anisotropically etched silicon wafer that provides mechanical support. The selection of channel pore size (the minimum channel dimension) is in 5-100 nm range, e.g., 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 or 80 nm, preferably 10-30 nm pore size.
To reach a desired pore size in the tens of nanometers range, strategies have been developed based on the use of a sacrificial oxide layer sandwiched between two structural layers. This process is discussed in the co-pending patent application incorporated herein by reference. Because the flow rate of a nanopump varies according to the material being pumped, it is important to tailor new nanopumps for specific applications as discussed above.
A nano-channel is formed by sandwiching a SiO2 sacrificial layer, the thickness of which determines the nominal pore size, between a polysilicon structural layer and the silicon wafer. For this design, increasing the number of entry holes maximizes the flux. Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) fluxes as high as 1.0 mL/cm2-hr have been attained for membrane filters with 30 nm-sized pores. Filtration tests showed greater than 99% of 100 manometer beads (actual log reduction of greater than 5) were retained with 50 nanometer pores.
As a first step, and with reference to
A second polysilicon structural layer 62 is then deposited over the pores and planarized to allow access to the nanopump channels from the front face of the array. A silicon nitride protective layer is then deposited and etch holes, such as hole 64 are opened on the backside of the wafer. The bulk silicon is removed through these etch holes up to the etch stop layer of the array, giving the structure shown in
The structure is then released by etching the protective nitride layers and the sacrificial oxide layers in a concentrated HF bath. In particular, sacrificial layer 60 is etched in the region between entry holes and the lower opening 64, producing defined-size nanopore channels 68 (
D. Molecular Filtration and Separation
Many clinical and research applications involve separation of specific biological molecules, such as nucleic acids and proteins, for further analysis and characterization.
The device also includes electrodes 90, 92 disposed in the upstream and downstream chamber regions, respectively, and a power source 94 connecting the two electrodes. Each chamber region may further include a side inlet and outlet (not shown) for removing liquid contained in each chamber region.
In operation, a mixture of macromolecules or other solute species and, optionally, small particles, such as virus particles or colloids or liposomes, in an electrolyte are placed in the downstream chamber regions, and the other chamber regions are filled with a suitable electrolyte solution, in particular, one whose pH supports a net charge on the membrane wall surfaces. By applying a selected voltage across the electrodes, liquid in the each chamber is pumped in a downstream direction across the immediately downstream membrane. At each membrane, macromolecules that are larger than the membrane pore size will be retained in the upstream channel region, and those that are smaller will pass through into the downstream channel region.
The system of stacked nanopumps described above may be modified for performing the specific isolation and purification of a particular protein or oligonucleotide from a complex mixture or crude cell extract rapidly and precisely using electroosomotic flow. For specific protein separation, the surfaces of the silicon nanopump channels can be chemically modified to contain covalently linked ligands with strong and specific affinity to their conjugate. The chemistry of silanization is well established and can be easily modified for specific ligand attachment for use to capture a variety of enzyme families.
For specific oligonucleotide isolation and purification, separate nucleic acid oligonucleotides complementary to the nucleic acid sequence intended for capture can be synthesized relatively inexpensively using traditional synthesis methods. These capture oligonucleotides could then be covalently linked to the surfaces of the nanopump channels using established methodology and can be used to capture any specific oligonucleotide of interest.
Most importantly, this device allows for the simple and rapid purification of multiple specific biomolecules at the same time. Each nanopump level can be 'programmed' to collect a specific molecule in a complex mixture by simply by inserting the correct nanopump 'module' primed with the appropriate protein capture ligand or nucleic acid oligonucleotide. In simple terms, this device is capable of performing numerous molecular isolations from one sample with one simple electroosmotic run that is both user-customizable and scalable.
In summary, the proposed device has several advantages over current laboratory methods for rapid and precise separation, purification and isolation. With the use of nanopump array modules, exact size-exclusion fractionation can be performed on multiple complex samples in less time and with precise resolution. Also, specific purification and isolation for a variety of molecules can be recovery efficiency. Finally, this device can perform the separation, filtration, and affinity purification of biomolecules by simply switching user-customizable modules, eliminating the need for multiple expensive electrophoretic and liquid chromatographic equipment.
E. Implantable Drug-Delivery Device
Contained in the housing is a supply reservoir 108, a nanopump 110, constructed in accordance with the invention, and a one-way check valve 112 that allows one-way flow of solution contained in reservoir 108 from the pump to the exit port, via a channel 103. The reservoir, pump and valve are all part of a continuous flow system, as shown. Also shown is a vent structure 114 that includes a vent 116 and a plunger 118 disposed within reservoir 108. As solution is pumped out of the reservoir through exit port 104, the reservoir space is progressively filled by movement of plunger 118 toward the pump, as indicated in
The nanopump is activated by means of a pair of electrodes 120, 122 disposed on either side of a nanopore membrane 125 in the pump, and constructed in accordance with the invention. More particularly, electrode 122 is contained within an upstream supply reservoir 124 in the pump, and electrode 120, within a downstream recipient reservoir 126 in the pump. Application of a voltage potential across the two electrodes is effective to pump electrolyte drug solution in a downstream direction, in accordance with the invention.
The power source in the device, for applying a potential across the pump electrodes, is a battery pack indicated at 130. The battery pack has a voltage of preferably 1-5 volts. Activation of voltage from the battery pack to the electrodes is through a timing control unit 132 which is a small processor designed to produce an activation signal for a selected signal duration, e.g., 1-5 seconds, at selected time intervals, e.g., every 4 or 8 hours.
In operation, the device, including the supply reservoir and the nanopump, is filled with an electrolyte solution, typically a drug solution having a selected drug concentration. Before implantation, the control unit is adjusted to produce desired metered amounts of drug solution, e.g., pl to nl amounts, at selected time intervals, e.g., every eight hours. The loaded, programmed device is then implanted at an internal body site, e.g., at a subcutaneous site, to deliver a metered amount of drug solution at selected time intervals.
Power requirements to induce electroosmotic flow are to be low due to the relatively porosity provided by the multiple parallel channel arrays. Moreover, the same geometry favors fluid flow. Exquisite on-off control, and thus control of drug input rate and pattern, is provided by the selected switching circuitry. For example, pulse, square wave and continuous patterns are achievable simply by controlling the length of time the switch 127 is closed. As described, having a miniaturized timer in the circuitry provides a means of providing "on-board" intelligence. Alternatively, the switch may be closed magnetically. Thus external control is possible by simply placing a magnet close to the skin surface, providing a drug input rate and pattern controlled by the patient himself, or his caregiver.
F. Sizing Nucleic Acid Fragments
The nanopump described herein can be adapted, in accordance with another aspect of the invention, to perform oligonucleotide length analysis using a rapid, one-step process that potentially limits complex sample preparation. For this application, a silicon micromachined membrane that contains an array of nano-sized pores with dimensions of approximately 2 nm is fabricated. An electrical potential across the pore is used to assist in moving oligonucleotides from the sample through the pores. The pore geometry is selected to allow single oligonucleotides to proceed through the pore in a linear fashion (i.e. end-to-end).
A separate sensing array allows for monitoring the pore blockage by nucleic acid molecules as a function of time. For example, examining the change in electrical potential across the pore as the oligonucleotide moves through it can provide a measure of fragment length (i.e. number of base pairs). It is common in the study of neurobiology and biophysics to form biological membranes or planar lipid membranes (such as lipid bilayer films) and to introduce nano-sized channels. These channels can be made to stay open for extended periods of time. Kasianowicz et. Al, Proc Nat Acad Sci (USA), 93(24):13770 (1996) reasoned that applying a transmembrane voltage could cause polyanionic oligonucleotides to flow through a membrane channel as an extended linear chain. When these molecules were present in the channels, they could be detected as a reduced or blocked level of normal ionic flow measured as reduced ionic current. Measurement of the time and magnitude of such blockages was demonstrated as a method of recording the molecular length, and other characters, of the particular molecule.
In the case of the nanopump envisioned here, the biological membrane is replaced with a membrane containing nanopores that are fabricated using silicon micromachining, as described above, but where two "planar" channels placed end to end and at right angles with respect to each other, to form a one-dimensional (1D), pore (i.e. channel) shaped like a rectangular parallelepiped. The pore geometry can be designed with precise and selectable nano-sized channel widths in the 2-50 nm size range. The pore height and pore length can also be designed with microsized dimensions in the 1-50 nm size range.
A diagram of a typical 2D nanopore channel 128 is shown in
The construction of an electronic device 131 for measuring fragment length, based on the above principles, is shown
Electrodes 134 (E1), 136 (E2) located in buffer solutions can be placed on both sides of the nanopore membranes or attached to the surfaces of the silicon membrane at a point near the pore location, as shown in the figure. When the device includes an array of such pores, an array of surface-attached electrodes can used to monitor the ion current passing through more than one pore. Surface metalization of silicon doping methods, common to the microelectronic industry, can be used to form single electrodes or electrode arrays on the surface of the silicon. That is, multiple pores can be created and each pore can be monitored by a separate set of E1 and E2 electrodes. Another option to multiple-pore monitoring is to have a common E1 electrode and an array of E2 electrodes. Using multiple pores will allow for a more rapid data acquisition rate and a more extensive analysis.
Another advantage to a microfabricated nano-pore membrane channel is that a third electrode 138 (E3) can be added to the channel architecture, providing the advantage of using a fixed voltage of common E1 and E2 electrodes for pumping through the channel, while monitoring ion current using an array of E3 electrodes. The E3 electrode must be on the order of 5 nm thickness, and may be created by doping the silicon itself to increase its conductivity using methods common in the microelectronic industry.
G. DNA Sequence Analysis
A basic design of a nanopump array intended for DNA sequence analysis, in accordance with another aspect of the invention, is given in
The nanopump array layer is sandwiched between upper and lower microfabricated layers 146, 148, respectively, upper layer 146 is fitted with discrete "donor" reservoirs, such as reservoirs 150, 152, which align above and are continuous with one side of the individual nanopumps. Each of the upper donor reservoirs is fitted with an electrode, such as electrodes 154, 156 in reservoirs 150, 152, respectively. A similar reservoir layer 148 is aligned below the nanopump layer, but in the case of this lower layer, the individual receiving reservoirs, such as reservoirs 158, 160, are also connected via channels, such as channel 162, 164, to a "common" receiving reservoir 166.
An optical flow-cell 168 is included in the channel leading to the receiving reservoir and a fluorescence optical detection system is positioned to measure the fluorescence signal of the fluid flowing through this common channel. Each of the three layers is aligned and sealed so that each nanopump is continuous with the corresponding donor and receiving reservoirs. The reservoirs and connecting channels are filed (primed) with electrolyte solution prior to use.
After fabrication and assembly, the surfaces of the channels are chemically grafted with reactive chemical groups (such as primary amino or thiol groups) using standard silane reagents. Alternatively the channels may be linked with a ligand such as avidin (or its binding partner/receptor, biotin). Capture DNA sequences are subsequently grafted to the surface directly or through avidin/biotin interactions. For attachment, the capture sequences are added to the common receiving reservoir and a voltage difference is applied between the common reservoir (anode) 167 and any or all of the individual donor reservoirs (cathodes). The DNA sequences migrate under the influence of the electric field from the common reservoir through the chemically modified (or ligand modified) nanopump channels, into the donor reservoirs. The polarity may be periodically reversed (cycled) to optimize the chemical grafting of the capture DNA to the nanopump channel surfaces as they pass. After capture DNA sequence grafting, the reservoirs and channels are washed by passage of buffer throughout the system.
Samples of fluorescent-labeled DNA probes of known sequence are added to the individual donor (upper) reservoirs. Current is passed through all the nanopumps in the array (anode in donor reservoirs, cathode in receiving reservoirs). As the probe DNA sequences pass through the nanopump channels, hybridization occurs. Again, cycling of the electrode polarity between the donor and receiving reservoir, and thus reversing the electrophoretic movement of the DNA probes, may be used as a strategy to promote optimal hybridization to capture DNA sequences bound to the nanopump channel surfaces.
Dehybridization of probe and capture DNA sequences is controlled by a combination of applied current (electrophoretic force, EF) and electroosmotic flow (tangential fluid flow force, TFFF). Importantly, these two forces may be in the same or opposite directions and may be applied as a gradient or pulsed. For example in the case of negatively charged DNA molecules (DNA is highly negatively charged by virtue of charged phosphate groups in each residue of the backbone structure), EF will always be in the direction of the cathode. Electroosmotic flow, and hence the TFFF, may be either cathodal or anodal, depending on the net surface potential at the plane of fixed charges on the nanopore surfaces. By adjusting and fine tuning EF and TFFF, the selectivity of denaturation of hybridized DNA will be improved, thus allowing for the discrimination of dehybridization of probe and capture DNA with fewer mismatched base pairs. SNP may be detected in this fashion with greater precision relative to EF alone. In the nanopump array configuration illustrated in
The combined effect of electrophoretic force and electroosmotic fluid flow provided by the nanopump design may improves the resolution of detachment of target probe DNA sequences from capture sequences (
The flow through feature of the nanopump array also obviates the need for reversing polarity to drive away non-specific analytes or nonreacted molecules. Buffer is simply flowed across bound probe layer to wash.
The flow through feature also permits changing the temperature and ionic strength of the running buffer up-stream of the nanopump array. This approach may permit the use of temperature gradients (in range of melting temperature, Tm of duplex DNA) and/or ionic gradients in addition to electrophoretic forces and electroosmotic flow to refine dehydridization conditions and thus improve resolution of mismatched base pairs.
Although the invention has been described with respect to particular embodiments and examples, it will be appreciated that a variety of modifications and changes may be made without departing from the claimed invention.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 15, 1974
|Dec 2, 1975
|Alza Corp
|Electroosmotic pump and fluid dispenser including same
|May 31, 1995
|Nov 12, 1996
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Apparatus and method for flow injection analysis
|Mar 7, 1994
|Jul 29, 1997
|The Regents Of The University Of California
|Microfabricated particle filter
|Jun 7, 1995
|Jun 23, 1998
|The Regents Of The University Of California
|Micromachined capsules having porous membranes and bulk supports
|Jun 14, 1996
|Aug 25, 1998
|Regents Of The University Of California
|Microfabricated filter with specially constructed channel walls, and containment well and capsule constructed with such filters
|Feb 5, 1998
|Jul 27, 1999
|Incyte Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
|Human short-chain dehydrogenase
|May 2, 1997
|Sep 7, 1999
|The Regents Of The University Of California
|Microfabricated particle thin film filter and method of making it
|Oct 15, 1997
|Nov 16, 1999
|Regents Of The University Of California
|Method for forming a filter
|Jan 28, 1998
|Nov 16, 1999
|Regents Of The University Of California
|Micromachined porous membranes with bulk support
|Apr 7, 1998
|Feb 1, 2000
|Sandia Corporation
|Electrokinetic high pressure hydraulic system
|Aug 25, 1998
|Apr 4, 2000
|The Regents Of The University Of California
|Microfabricated filter with specially constructed channel walls, and containment well and capsule constructed with such filters
|Sep 23, 1997
|Apr 24, 2001
|California Institute Of Technology
|Method and apparatus for analysis and sorting of polynucleotides based on size
|Aug 6, 1999
|Aug 7, 2001
|Baxter Aktiengesellschaft
|Devices and methods for removing pathogens from biological fluids
|Feb 5, 1999
|Jul 9, 2002
|Caliper Technologies Corp.
|Method and apparatus for continuous liquid flow in microscale channels using pressure injection, wicking, and electrokinetic injection
|Sep 22, 1999
|Nov 19, 2002
|University Of Washington
|Meso- and microfluidic continuous flow and stopped flow electro�smotic mixer
|Jun 13, 2002
|Oct 18, 2005
|Martin Francis J
|Nanopump system
|Jul 30, 2002
|Aug 21, 2007
|Applera Corporation
|Microfabricated structures for facilitating fluid introduction into microfluidic devices
|Jun 13, 2002
|Jan 16, 2003
|Martin Francis J.
|Nanopump system
|Jul 19, 2004
|Dec 30, 2004
|Martin Francis J.
|Nanopump system
|Sep 17, 1986
|May 13, 1992
|The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University
|Laser-excitation fluorescence detection electrokinetic separation
|Title not available
|Jan 6, 1997
|Jul 17, 1997
|Berkeley Microinstruments, Inc.
|Micropump with sonic energy generator
|Aug 11, 1999
|Feb 24, 2000
|Caliper Technologies Corp.
|Methods and systems for sequencing dna by distinguishing the decay times of fluorescent probes
|Jul 31, 2000
|Feb 15, 2001
|Baxter Aktiengesellschaft
|Devices and methods for removing pathogens from biological fluids
|Jun 13, 2002
|Dec 27, 2002
|Hansford Derek J
|Nanopump devices and methods
|Chu, Wen-Hwa et al., "Silicon Membrane Nanofilters from Sacrificial Oxide Removal," Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 8, No. 1, Mar. 1999, p. 36.
|International Preliminary Examination Report from PCT/US02/18951, mailed May 12, 2005.
|International Search Report from PCT/US02/18951, mailed Oct. 21, 2002.
|Kasianowicz et al., "Characterization of individual polynucleotide molecules using a membrane channel," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., vol. 93, No. 24 (Nov. 1996), pp. 13770-13773.
|Kim et al., "Evaluation of electroosmosis and streaming potential for measurement of electric charges of polymeric membranes," J. Membrane Sci., vol. 116 (1996), pp. 149-159.
|Office Action dated Feb. 4, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/170,775.
|Office Action dated Oct. 12, 2005 in U.S. Appl. No. 10/170,775.
|Stemme et al., "New fluid filter structure in silicon fabricated using a self-aligning technique," Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 53, No. 16 (Oct. 17, 1988), pp. 1566-1568.
|Written Opinion from PCT/US02/18951, mailed Feb. 25, 2005.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 22, 2007
|Sep 18, 2012
|Altair Corporation
|Pipette core member, pipette, and pipette device
|Apr 29, 2011
|Dec 10, 2013
|Delpor, Inc.
|Microfabricated nanopore device for sustained release of therapeutic agent
|Jan 31, 2013
|Mar 24, 2015
|Delpor, Inc.
|Microfabricated nanopore device for sustained release of therapeutic agent
|Jan 31, 2013
|Apr 14, 2015
|Delpor, Inc.
|Microfabricated nanopore device for sustained release of therapeutic agent
|Nov 18, 2013
|Jun 30, 2015
|Delpor, Inc.
|Microfabricated nanopore device for sustained release of therapeutic agent
|Nov 18, 2013
|Jun 30, 2015
|Delpor, Inc.
|Microfabricated nanopore device for sustained release of therapeutic agent
|Feb 12, 2015
|Mar 1, 2016
|Delpor, Inc.
|Microfabricated nanopore device for sustained release of therapeutic agent
|Jun 1, 2015
|Sep 6, 2016
|Delpor, Inc.
|Microfabricated nanopore device for sustained release of therapeutic agent
|Jun 1, 2015
|Sep 6, 2016
|Delpor, Inc.
|Microfabricated nanopore device for sustained release of therapeutic agent
|Nov 22, 2007
|Dec 24, 2009
|Altair Corporation
|Pipette Core Member, Pipette, and Pipette Device
|Apr 29, 2011
|Sep 15, 2011
|Delpor, Inc.
|Microfabricated nanopore device for sustained release of therapeutic agent
|U.S. Classification
|204/600, 204/450, 204/627, 435/287.2, 210/321.72, 204/661, 204/230.2, 210/321.6, 422/505, 435/6.19
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 6, 2011
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:HANSFORD, DEREK J.;WALCZAK, ROBBIE J.;BOIARSKI, ANTHONY A.;AND OTHERS;SIGNING DATES FROM 20100920 TO 20101223;REEL/FRAME:025593/0629
Owner name: THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY RESEARCH FOUNDATION, OHI
|Dec 13, 2011
|Certificate of correction
|Mar 21, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Chicken Kitchen Chop Chop with Curry Mustard Sauce is one of my favorite meals. It reminds me of when I used to live in Miami. The line to order was usually out the door, but it moved quick. If we happened to have a half day at school, I would usually try to get my lunch from there.
Chop Chop quickly became a favorite for KB and I. The Chop Chop bowl isn't anything too special, just fresh ingredients and delicious chicken. When you get to the end of the line and they ask you what sauce you want, and we always got the Curry Mustard Sauce. It's spicy, creamy, tangy and perfectly delicious on all the Chop Chops.
When I moved to Orlando for college, there was no Chicken Kitchen anywhere near. If I happened to go home and visit my family on the weekend or during Summer break, I stopped for Chop Chop before I had to drive back to school. For a brief period, a Chicken Kitchen opened up in Orlando, but it didn't last too long - it wasn't in the greatest part of town. My hopes of having a Chicken Kitchen close by never happened.
One day, a few years back, I was craving Chop Chop even though I hadn't eaten it in years. I played around with ingredients until I created the perfect copycat Curry Mustard Sauce. It was like Angels started singing. I could now have this glorious sauce anytime I wanted, and it was so simple. My go-to order was the Cuban Chop Chop with yellow rice, black beans, chicken, lettuce, tomato, cheese, sour cream and guacamole. It's kind of like a Cuban rice bowl and the Curry Mustard Sauce is the "cherry on top".
Using a prepared rotisserie chicken helps make this recipe easy and perfect for any night of the week. Everyone can add whichever ingredients they like to the Chop Chop bowl and top with the sauce. Hopefully you will make and try my Curry Mustard Sauce and if you have eaten from Chicken Kitchen before, let me know how it compares.
Chicken Kitchen Chop Chop with Curry Mustard Sauce
A Love and Confection original recipe
Click here for a printable recipe
Chicken Kitchen Chop Chop with Curry Mustard Sauce Ingredients:
- 6 tablespoons Mayonnaise
- 2 tablespoons Mustard
- 2 tablespoons Curry Powder
- 2 tablespoons Sour Cream
- 1/4 teaspoon Garlic Powder
- 1/2 teaspoon Granulated Sugar
- 3 tablespoons Water
- Yellow Rice
- Black Beans
- Rotisserie Chicken
- Shredded Lettuce
- Diced Tomatoes
- Shredded Cheddar Cheese
- Sour Cream
- Guacamole
Chicken Kitchen Chop Chop with Curry Mustard Sauce Directions:
1. In a medium bowl, whisk together the Mayonnaise, Mustard, Curry Powder, Sour Cream, Garlic Powder and Granulated Sugar. Whisk in the Water, cover with plastic wrap and refrigerate 1 hour.
2. Prepare the Chop Chop Bowl, to your liking, with the remaining ingredients. Top with some of the Curry Mustard Sauce. Enjoy!
Until next time,
Enjoy more #SundaySupper Copycat recipes:
- Copy Cat Orange Julius Recipe (sugar free) by Simply Healthy Family
- Hard Rock Cafe's Twist & Shout Shake by The Crumby Cupcake
- Bang Bang Cauliflower Bites by Cupcakes & Kale Chips
- Copy Cat: Outback Bloomin' Sauce with Onion Petals by Sew You Think You Can Cook
- Nopal Dip by Cookin' Mimi
- Copycat Hershey's Syrup: Homemade Chocolate Syrup by Brunch with Joy
- Copycat Sriracha Sauce by Nosh My Way
- The Village Cafe's Avocado Dressing by Jane's Adventures in Dinner
- Applebee's Oriental Chicken Salad Copycat by Fantastical Sharing of Recipes
- Applebee's Shrimp and Cavatappi by Grumpy's Honeybunch
- B.good's West Side burger with chipotle salsa and avocado by Caroline's Cooking
- Brie and Asparagus Pasta by Life Tastes Good
- Cheesecake Factory Cashew Chicken by Feeding Big
- Chicken Kitchen Chop Chop and Curry Mustard Sauce by Love and Confections
- Chicken Tikka Poutine by Sustainable Dad
- Chili's Margarita Grilled Chicken by Lifestyle Food Artistry
- Filet Mignon with Red Wine Reduction and Roasted Fingerling Potatoes by Crazy Foodie Stunts
- IHOP's Ham, Egg & Cheese Melt by Food Done Light
- Chevy's Sweet Corn Tomalito by The Wimpy Vegetarian
- Henri's Tas-Tee Dressing Clone and Cole Slaw by Palatable Pastime
- Panera Copycat Mac and Cheese by From Gate to Plate
- Copycat Cosmic Brownies by Hezzi-D's Books and Cooks
- Cracker Barrel's Double Fudge Coca-Cola Cake by Cosmopolitan Cornbread
- Friendly's Monster Mash Sundae by The Redhead Baker
- Sheetz "Gobbz" Cookies by The Freshman Cook
- Tiramisu by That Skinny Chick Can Bake
- Yeasted Sour Cherry Coffee Cake by Pies and Plots


text:
SNL alum Will Forte returns to Phillips & Company to talk about his new movie "The Watch".
Will Forte was a mainstay on Saturday Night Live for over 8 years, and now he's making a splash again on the big screen in the new comedy "The Watch" which also stars Ben Stiller, Vince Vaugn and Jonah Hill.
Will talks about the film, his love of writing, and his funny SNL characters "MacGruber" and "Greg Stink".


text:
Author Archives: Karen Black
Puppy has a new home!
I had several enquiries about our little chap and he has a new home! I know he will be a blessing to his new family and wish them all a long happy life together!
One Little Boy…
I have a super little boy puppy available from our Dec 2016 litter. He is a soft handsome little chap and has great conformation. He is friendly and cuddly and is looking for his new family. I would love to keep him, but cannot use him for stud in my kennel as he is related to all the others. He would make a great stud! R8000 includes everything except transport (KUSA registration, microchip, KUSA Health certificate, inoculations, deworming).
Please e-mail me (firstname.lastname@example.com) or
call me if you are interested: 011-462-3781.
Play play sleep all day
What do the pups do all day? Play and sleep and eat and sleep. They have discovered that they have siblings. It is great fun to head butt each other and then roll over and wrestle. Sometimes they chase each other's tails or bite each other's ears. In the process they are learning to control their biting (bit inhibitor) – learning not to bite hard but to "play nice" with each other. Of course, in the process the "bed" gets all upset and the underlining of newspaper below the blankets becomes a target for play… pulling, shredding and messing it all up. What fun!
The grass
Today the pups were allowed to explore the grass during their outing. It is so lovely to see them feel, look at, and (yes) taste the grass for the first time. They have also graduated onto Mother-and-Baby-Dog kibble, made specially for puppies up to 2 months of age. With all the millions of dollars/euros Royal Canin have spent on researching the best recipes, we choose to feed the pups kibble, as that is what most of them will eat for the rest of their lives. Royal Canin makes one of the best first-foods for puppies. The little guys enjoyed using their teeth and biting the crunchy pellets.
Stand up and Eat!
The pups are now able to stay awake a little longer. They are able to reach Jade's teats while she stands, which is now her preferred method of feeding. Although Jade has 10 teats and there are 9 pups, they still manage to knock each other off when they over-balance. So it is a bit of a scramble to re-connect.But every one can reach and every one gets his/ her share of milkshake.
Outside into the big wide world!
Today was the pups first outing into the big wide world. They were loaded into the washing basket and carried out to a prepared picnic area on the grass where they had lunch. Their first few meals of "real" food was mushed into porridge to make eating it easier. Some were hesitant at first but soon enjoyed their lunch. Pretty soon they were all fast asleep – after lunch nap… until….. Mommy Jade came along. As Jade cleaned up, the pups had their dessert of mommy-milk-shake.
The pups now respond every time I go into their room. They wake up and look around to see who is there and when I greet them they respond with little barks and growls. They are discovering each other and gum each other in play….. for about 2 mins at a time before they go to sleep again. Their little teeth are just about to break through their gums… I am sure by next week we will have some little points and then weaning will start.
We can hear!
Yesterday evening I went into the puppy room and greeted the babies as I usually do and got a greeting back!! The little ears are starting to open! Almost all the pups woke up and "looked" around / turned their heads to see / smell what was there. One little pup even growled and barked at me!! Such a sweet little hi-pitch bark …. trying so hard to sound aggressive! 🙂
One Week old – all good
The puppies are a week old now and have doubled their birth weights. It is always so interesting to see how within one litter some pups are naturally bigger and some naturally smaller. Nevertheless every pup is well and strong and growing. They spend all day (and night) just sleeping, eating and growing. Jade still stimulates their little tummies for bowel movements which she cleans by licking (nappy change). [I am so glad I am not a mommy-dog!] Jade herself is well and healing very nicely from her operation. She likes to go out for sunshine and fresh air for 10 – 20 mins two or three times a day. Otherwise she is busy sleeping, feeding, cleaning and making milk.
The bars in the puppy box are stop Jade lying right up against the side in case she squashes a puppy. Pups "swim" all around her – they cant walk yet. They still do puppy-crawling / 'swimming'.


text:
dbForge Schema Compare for Oracle is a comprehensive tool for database schema comparison and synchronisation that can be used both by application developers and database administrators (DBAs). This Oracle comparison tool can become a great assistant when you need to identify the impact of changes made to your database schema, as it easily points out all differences and allows generating customised Oracle schema synchronisation script.
Devart products are sold on a subscription basis, i.e. during a year after a purchase you can download new versions released within this period.
But the license itself is permanent in the sense that a particular version can be used without any time limitations. Subscription will need to be renewed only if you want to keep having access to version updates.


text:
About DMA
The Darien Men's Association (DMA) is "dedicated to good fellowship, community service, and fun." Membership in the DMA is open to all men residing in Darien and the surrounding towns, aged 50 or over. If you are interested in the activities and objectives of the DMA and want to join please contact John Podkowsky, Chairman of the Membership & Hospitality Committee, on telephone number 203-329-8181 or by email at firstname.lastname@example.com.
The DMA meets weekly on most Wednesdays from early September to early June. The exceptions occur when there are conflicts with holidays. Each meeting features a program speaker and the DMA is known for the quality of its speakers. Past speakers have spoken on variety of subjects such as military history, advances in medical technology, the recent financial meltdown and numerous historical figures such as Mark Twain and P. T. Barnum. Notable past speakers include Scott Pelley of CBS News and 60 minutes fame; Bill Scheft, comedy writer for David Letterman; Fay Vincent former Commissioner of Major League Baseball; George Bodenheimer, the Executive Chairman of ESPN; Governor Malloy and Congressman Jim Himes. Popular local choral groups also entertain at times.


text:
"With this book, Stewart establishes herself as the authority on early Black cinema. The historiography is meticulous, original and compelling. Stewart puts theory and history into productive conversation. An extremely important work."Linda Williams, author of Playing the Race Card
"As a child in West Virginia, I loved the movies, but I had little idea that my people's history was being constructed (and deconstructed) as I watched them. Jacqueline Najuma Stewart's bold new book lets us see how black history was, in part, made at the movies. The history of the Great Migration has rarely been so vivid or compelling."Henry Louis Gates, Jr., author of America Behind the Color Line: Dialogues with African Americans
"Jacqueline Stewart's Migrating to the Movies finally brings the unmistakable sparkle of brilliance to the field of racial constructions in early cinema. Part of Stewart's magic in this book is her substantial gift for critical insight, while the other part of this inimitable brew is her uncanny grasp of this particular topic. As an avid student of silent film for the past decade, I've been patiently waiting for a work that would juggle the obvious sociological weight of the raw material while also grappling with the technological and aesthetic complexities at stake. Migrating to the Movies is the first book to achieve this, and it is an indispensable volume on racial constructions of vision and the scopic gaze in the early twentieth century."Michele Wallace, author of Dark Designs and Visual Culture


text:
Basically it lags ur game
I AM GM_Dash
Press the button if I helped
Selling blackshot ID ->https://www.mpgh.net/forum/124-sellin...ml#post8150136
New link please check
Tagline : Request it's easy, but make it it's hard. Stop begging!
I'm Fucking Hate Newbie At Blackshot Section (Always Begging For A New Hack)
My Release :
Blackshot - Paradox Soundpack | James Bond Soundpack


text:
Skip to primary navigation
Skip to staff sections
Skip to main content
Skip to sub content
Civil Air Patrol, Maryland Wing
Primary Navigation
Site Map
Customize this site (normal font size).
Customize this site (friendly type size).
Staff Sections
Command Staff
Address & Directions
Annual Training Program
Public Affairs / Media Relations
News Releases
Radio Program
News Release Submission Guidelines
A1 - Manpower and Personnel
A2 - Special Missions
Bay Patrol
CD Operations
Homeland Security
A3/5 - Operations/Plans
Stan / Eval
Operations Staff
Aircraft Assignments
A4 - Logistics
Logistics Home
A5 - Plans, Programs, Requirements
A5 Home
A5/Plans & Programs
OPLAN Archive
A6 - Communications
Communications Staff
Communications Resources
Comms Nets
A7 - Missions: Aerospace Education (A7A), Cadet Programs/DDR (A7C), Professional Development (A7P)
AEO Tools
AE Staff
A8 - Programs, Financial Management
Financial Management
Direct Reimbursement
Tax Info
Special Staff
Mission Statement
IG Complaints
Wing Inspections
Site Map
Main Content
2013 news releases
Howard squadron honors veterans with Wreaths Across America
Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing's Howard Composite Squadron held a Wreaths Across America ceremony to honor America's veterans interred at Crest Lawn Memorial Gardens in Marriottsville, Md. Sixteen Civil Air Patrol members joined the local community to place over 300 wreaths on veterans' graves.
Martin squadron hosts annual awards banquet
Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing's Glenn L. Martin Composite Squadron hosted an annual squadron awards banquet at the Warfield Air National Guard base at Martin State Airport in Middle River, Md.
Calvert squadron holds awards and recognition dinner
The Calvert Cadet Squadron of Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing held a banquet on November 30, in Prince Frederick, Md., to honor the accomplishments of cadet and adult members for 2013.
Osprey squadron uses new flight simulator software
Osprey Composite Squadron, a unit of the Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing, recently accepted an offer for a new software program developed for Microsoft Flight Simulator X (FSX).
Giving Tuesday
The Maryland Wing Civil Air Patrol is now a partner in #GivingTuesday. #GivingTuesday™ is a campaign to create a national day of giving at the start of the annual holiday season. It celebrates and encourages charitable activities that support nonprofit organizations
Maryland Wing's Mary Feik presented National Aeronautic Association award
The Civil Air Patrol and Col. Mary Feik, CAP, received awards at the National Aeronautic Association (NAA) Fall Awards Banquet on November 12. Feik is a member of Maryland Wing's Annapolis Composite Squadron.
Osprey hosts radio controlled aircraft fly-in
Osprey Composite Squadron, a unit of the Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing, hosted their second annual radio controlled (RC) aircraft fly-in on Saturday, October 19, at the Radio Controlled Modelers' of Baltimore (RCMB) flying field in Parkton, Md.
St. Mary's members participate in the largest Veterans Day parade in Maryland
Thirty cadets from Maryland Wing's St. Mary's Composite Squadron of the Civil Air Patrol participated in the annual Veterans Day parade in Leonardtown, Md.
St. Mary's squadron visits Md. State Police Trooper 7
Members of St. Mary's Composite Squadron of Civil Air Patrol's Maryland Wing recently toured the Maryland State Police (MSP) Trooper 7 helicopter hangar at St. Mary's Regional Airport in California, Md.
Mount Airy squadron promotes Drug Demand Reduction at fall festival
Visitors to the annual Fall Festival in Mount Airy, Md., were greeted by Civil Air Patrol's Cappy the Eagle. Cappy is the mascot for CAP's Drug Demand Reduction Program (DDR). The Mount Airy Composite Squadron, a unit in the Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing, had the opportunity to educate people of all ages about the consequences of alcohol misuse and abuse.
New cadet commander for Carroll squadron
Civil Air Patrol Cadet 2nd Lt. Christian Hamric assumes command of the cadet component of the Carroll Composite Squadron of the Maryland Wing. Squadron commander Lt. Col. Frank Jarosinski, outgoing cadet commander Cadet 2nd Lt. Christopher Davis, and squadron members attended the ceremony held on October 8, 2013, as Hamric accepted his new position.
Martin squadron cadet earns Mitchell Award
Cadet 2nd Lt. Britton Irechuwku of Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing's Glenn L. Martin Squadron was recently awarded the General Billy Mitchell Award during a night of promotions at the squadron.
Maryland Wing Conference
Registration deadline for the Maryland Wing Conference is October 26!
Cadet Advisory Council works for Maryland cadets
Cadets in Maryland Wing, Civil Air Patrol have an outstanding group of cadets working to bring more activities to the group and wing level with the Cadet Advisory Council (CAC).
Charles squadron holds change of command
Nearly 100 guests and members of the Maryland Wing, Civil Air Patrol's Charles Composite Squadron celebrated its second anniversary with a dining out, awards, and change of command ceremony. The keynote speaker was retired Air Force Brig. Gen. James A. Jaeger who currently serves as vice president for Cybersecurity Services at General Dynamics Fidelis.
Air Force auxiliary to perform emergency and disaster response missions during shutdown
Civil Air Patrol, the U.S. Air Force auxiliary, will continue to perform emergency and disaster response missions authorized by the Air Force during the federal government shutdown.
Osprey squadron helps during Defender's Day reenactment
Osprey Composite Squadron assisted during the annual Defender's Day celebration at Fort Howard Park on the weekend of September 7-8. The primary mission was to assist the local American Legion Post #38 in providing food to the reenactors, both Colonial and British alike.
Mount Airy cadets participate in glider orientation flights
Three Civil Air Patrol cadets from Maryland Wing's Mount Airy Composite Squadron recently had the experience of flying gliders as part of the aerospace education mission of CAP.
Ft. McHenry squadron holds change of command ceremony
The Fort McHenry Composite Squadron of the Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing held a formal change of command ceremony where command of the unit was transferred to 2nd Lt. Steven Hollis after two years under the command of Maj. Christopher Hiles.
Martin color guard presents colors at Orioles game
The Civil Air Patrol color guard from the Maryland Wing's Glenn L. Martin Composite Squadron presented the colors at the Baltimore Orioles game on Saturday, August 24.
Carroll squadron recognizes four new Mitchell Award recipients
Civil Air Patrol Cadet 2nd Lieutenants Christian Hamric, Logan Parrish, Olivia Persing and Jonathan Yerger of the Maryland Wing's Carroll Composite Squadron received their insignias and promotions after earning the Gen. Billy Mitchell Award.
Maryland Wing's Mary Feik to be honored by National Aeronautic Association
The National Aeronautic Association, in partnership with the Air Care Alliance, a nationwide league of humanitarian flying organizations, will honor Civil Air Patrol with a 2013 National Public Benefit Flying Award at NAA's Fall Awards Banquet.
Maryland Wing Group II hosts glider orientation flights
The Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing's Group II hosted glider orientation flights for cadet members on August 3, 2013, at the Harford County Airport in Churchville, Md.
Civil Air Patrol takes flight to Denver
More than 500 Civil Air Patrol members are headed to Denver Aug. 15-17 for the U.S. Air Force auxiliary's Annual Conference. In the Mile High City, CAP members will focus on CAP's increasing role in defending America.
Martin cadet flies solo at CAP flight academy
Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing Cadet Chief Master Sgt. Britton Irechukwu soloed during the Middle East Region Powered Flight Academy on July 6, 2013. Irechukwu is a member of the Glenn L. Martin Composite Squadron in Middle River, Md.
Maryland Wing color guard achieves honors at 2013 National Cadet Competition
After placing first in the 2013 Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing and Middle East Region competitions, the Westminster, Md., Carroll Composite Squadron color guard participated in the 2013 Civil Air Patrol (CAP) National Cadet Competition.
Howard squadron holds cadet change of command ceremony
Civil Air Patrol Cadet Chief Master Sgt. Cody Taylor assumed command of the cadet component of the Howard Composite Squadron of the Maryland Wing. Outgoing cadet commander Cadet 1st Lt. Joni Taylor relinquished command in a ceremony at the Fifth District Volunteer Fire Department in Clarksville, Md.
Maryland Wing members attend Flag Day at Fort McHenry
Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing members from the Glenn L. Martin and St. Mary's Composite Squadrons, along with CAP national headquarters and CAP Middle East Region staff, participated in multiple activities during Flag Day, June 14, 2013. The events were held at the Fort McHenry National Monument in Baltimore, Md.
Harford squadron hosts tour of Curtis Bay Depot
Civil Air Patrol's Harford Composite Squadron organized a tour of the 203rd Transportation Detachment and the 949th Transportation Company, both Army Reserve units operating out of the Curtis Bay Depot in Baltimore, Md..
Osprey squadron creates F-16 cockpit
On June 18, Civil Air Patrol's Osprey Composite Squadron, aunit in the Maryland Wing, unveiled an F-16 cockpit mockup at their weekly meeting. This cockpit was modeled closely to an actual cockpit of an F-16 fighter aircraft with some subtle differences.
Martin squadron visits Air & Space Museum
More than 20 Civil Air Patrol members from Maryland Wing's Glenn L. Martin Composite Squadron visited the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center Air and Space Museum
Osprey squadron hosts aviation legend
Osprey Composite Squadron, a unit of the Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing, hosted a special guest and event. The squadron honored aviation legend Col. Mary Feik, CAP, on March 5.
Martin squadron conducts ground team training weekend
Martin squadron conducted a two-day training activity. Maryland Wing wants to increase the number of qualified emergency response members.
CAP's World War II volunteers may be recognized for their service
Contact your Representatives to co-sponsor the CAP Congressional Gold Medal.
Charles squadron cadets have new leadership
The Charles Composite Squadron recently held a cadet change of command.
Carroll squadron color guard wins Maryland Wing competition
An exceptional team from the Carroll Composite Squadron placed first in the Maryland Wing Color Guard competition. The team will represent Maryland in the Middle East Region Color Guard competition in March.
Maryland Wing graduates 27 cadets from leadership program
During a banquet held on February 3, 2013, Civil Air Patrol's Maryland Wing recognized 27 cadets who completed the Squadron Operations and Administration Retreat (SOAR) held that weekend.
National Vice Commander visits Wicomico squadron
Civil Air Patrol national vice commander Brig. Gen. Joseph R. Vazquez, CAP, and his wife, Lt. Col. Leslie Vazquez, CAP, visited Maryland Wing's Wicomico Composite Squadron in Salisbury, Md., to meet the members and to participate in a promotion program.
Second Maryland Wing rocketry day sets the stage for progress
Civil Air Patrol senior members and cadets from Maryland Wing's Fort McHenry, St. Mary's, and Annapolis Composite Squadrons gathered to launch rockets on a 100 acre field in a brilliant blue sky with winds from the southwest and mild temperatures.
Martin Squadron cadet graduates from winter encampment
Cadet Chief Master Sgt. Wyatt Hartman of Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing's Glenn L. Martin Composite Squadron graduated from CAP winter encampment at the Kansas Army National Guard in Salinas, Kan., on January 2, 2013.
Two Martin squadron cadets earn Eaker Award
Two cadets from the Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing's Glenn L. Martin Composite Squadron earned their Eaker Award in January 2013.
NORAD Exercise Planned for National Capital Region
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and its geographical component, the Continental United States NORAD Region (CONR), will conduct exercise Falcon Virgo 13-04 beginning Wednesday morning between midnight and 2 a.m. EST in the National Capital Region (NCR), Washington D.C
Martin Squadron conducts cadet change of command during banquet
Glenn L. Martin Composite Squadron, a unit in the Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing, conducted a cadet change of command ceremony during their awards banquet on December 15, 2012 at the dining hall of Warfield Air National Guard base in Middle River, Md.
First CAP Spaatz recipient dies after distinquished public service career
Retired U.S. Air Force Col. Douglas C. Roach, who in 1964 became the first recipient of Civil Air Patrol's highest cadet award, the Gen. Carl A. Spaatz Award, died Jan. 11 at Sibley Memorial Hospital in Washington, D.C., from complications related to cancer. He was 70
Martin squadron conducts wreath laying ceremony
Civil Air Patrol Maryland Wing's Glenn L. Martin Composite Squadron conducted a wreath laying ceremony on December 15, 2012, as part of Wreaths Across America.
Sub Content
My Account
Member login
Register for an account
Recent Articles
New Maryland Wing Website live!
The SEED School of Maryland becomes Maryland Wing's newest squadron
Glenn L. Martin cadet to serve as CAP ambassador to the United Kingdom
Winn assumes command of Upper Montgomery Composite Squadron
Maryland Wing t-shirts - Order Now
Wise assumes command of Harford Composite Squadron
Footer Information
Contact us
About this site
Copyright © 2017 Civil Air Patrol, Maryland Wing.


text: Identical twins Natalie and Nicole Albino came up with the name Nina Sky by combining the first two letters of their first names for "Nina" and tacked "Sky" on the end to represent their shared aspirations. The teen pop duo grew up in the borough of Queens in New York City. Their stepfather was a DJ and introduced the young girls to a variety of music. Singing was always important to them, eventually so important they announced their desires to become professional singers to the... Read more


text:
Elderbrook brings Clean Bandit, Sean Paul and Anne-Marie's Rockabye down a few pegs with his eerie new remix; an edit which slowly brings you into a false sense of direction before throwing down some of the most gorgeous electronic sweepers we've heard in yonks.
Definitely immerse yourself with this one – catch it below:
Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *
Notify me of follow-up comments by email.
Notify me of new posts by email.
2015 Copyright Stagedoor FM. All rights reserved. Website by joeldelane.com


text:
Law firm Nixon Peabody is moving its Washington office, which has about 170 attorneys and staff, four blocks north to the corner of Ninth and H Street NW, adjacent to CityCenterDC.
The firm has signed a 15-year lease to occupy three floors at 799 Ninth St. NW, a 10-story building owned by Brookfield Office Properties, said D.C. managing partner Jeff Lesk. The property, which is undergoing renovations, was previously leased by the federal government.
Nixon Peabody's current lease, at 401 Ninth St. NW in Penn Quarter, is up in 2015. It is the third major law firm that has announced intentions to move to the vicinity over the next two years: Covington & Burling, the District's largest law firm, has signed a lease to relocate to CityCenterDC in summer 2014. And Arnold & Porter plans to move nearby, to 601 Massachusetts Ave., in October 2015.
The move represents a significant downsizing in the Nixon Peabody's real estate footprint, from 92,000 square feet to 65,000 square feet — a 30 percent reduction. Although several major law firms in Washington have reduced square footage when moving to new office space recently, Lesk said his firm's reduction is more dramatic than most.
"Like any business, the number one cost of running a law firm is personnel, but real estate is a significant second place," he said. "Most law firms, us included, have a shift in mindset. We definitely want to build in opportunity for growth but real estate is too expensive to have too much space in reserve."
The new office will have a much smaller library, office services and secretarial space, and will likely combine shared space like conference and break rooms.
"This is driven in significant part by having a realistic reset in what's appropriate real estate spend for a top notch law firm," Lesk said. "We think it can be significantly less. . .the traditional square footage is not necessary to do a great job serving clients and providing a great workspace."
The firm considered 23 office buildings across the Washington region, including some in Rosslyn, Southeast D.C. and on North Capitol Street, before deciding on the new Penn Quarter office. It is working with architects at Perkins+Will to renovate the space, in hopes of earning a gold or platinum LEED environmental rating.


text:
Your cart is empty.
How do I get started?
ORDER NOWfor Christmas delivery
Fixodent Adhesive Cream Original 6 x 40ml
Fishpond's Best Deals Delivered to You Every Day
Thanks, your email was successfully added
You will receive special offers to your inbox daily.
© 2004-2017 Fishpond Ltd. All prices include GST and are in New Zealand dollars.


text:
SILKSWORTH CW obviously like their new pitch!
Playing on the relaid Welfare Park surface for the first time last night in the Wearside League, they crushed Hartlepool 6-1 to claim their second win in three attempts.
The Colliers made a dream start, with Andrew Place giving them the lead straight from the kick-off.
Although Craig Lines levelled on 19 minutes, it was all Silksworth and prolific marksman Place completed his hat-trick, scoring twice in as many minutes immediately before the interval.
Trailing 3-1, worse was to follow for Pool, who had Lines sent off in the 51st minute.
The superb Place scored his fourth goal of the game and Gary Hargrave and home debutant Mark Robinson took their side's tally to six to complete a memorable night.
Ryhope CW were also in scoring mode, defeating Annfield Plain 5-0, with all five goals were scored in the opening half.
James Dunn started the goal rush, converting a seventh-minute penalty. Three minutes later, Jack Pounder produced a thunderous shot from outside the penalty area which gave visiting goalkeeper Grant Scott absolutely no chance.
Midway through the half, Michael Charlton drove home for 3-0 and two goals in three minutes from Greg Swansbury and John Butler completed a nap hand for the Wearsiders.
Surprisingly, they failed to add to the total in the second period.
Easington Colliery comfortably defeated Leam Rangers 3-1, despite the Tynesiders holding out until the 50th minute.
Brett Gillat split the Leam defence for Brian Norton to slot the opener past advancing keeper Scott Young.
Norton then turned provider for Michael Patterson to beat the offside trap and round the goalkeeper before tapping home in the 72nd minute.
Patterson was again on target for 3-0, firing home from an acute angle after being played in by substitute Michael Noble.
Leon Kane claimed an 88th-minute consolation for Leam, who have taken just one point from five games.
Horden CW succumbed 3-0 to Wolviston, for whom Ryan Hebb and Ben Bonner struck before Nick Matthews made it three with his very first touch after being introduced as an 83rd-minute substitute.
Peter Kane, David Conroy (penalty) and Grant Pressling, with a superb individual effort, steered Jarrow to a 3-0 derby at Harton and Westoe, while Boldon CA edged an entertaining 3-2 victory over Coxhoe Athletic.
Leaders Stockton Town made it six wins out of six by beating Richmond Town 4-1, Redcar Athletic triumphed 5-3 at Seaton Carew and Prudhoe Town lost 2-1 to Cleator Moor Celtic, with Jack Best grabbing a stoppage-time consolation.


text:
Pride of ownership in this one owner Colonial Home located in Rotterdam ( Schalmont Schools ). Open floor plan includes Granite kitchen tile floor w sliders to deck and retractable awning. Family room with gas fireplace. Updated baths, all new vinyl windows new high efficiency furnace. Over sized 2 car attached garage. Full basement. Easy access to thruway or I-88
Listing information
- Year Built: 1993
- Status: Sold on 7/27/2015
- New Construction: No
- Estimated Annual Taxes: $9,919
- Property ID: 103850838
- Beds: 4
- Total Rooms: 8
- Total Square Footage: 2,379 ($133.56 per sq. foot)
- County: Schenectady
- Style: Colonial
- Baths: 3 (Full: 2 3/4: 0 1/2: 1 Other: 0)
- Parking Type Description: Attached 2 cars
- Lot Area: 0.48
- School District: Schalmont (Rotterdam)
Age Description Estimated
Amenities Ceramic Tile, Crown Molding, Laminate Floors, Sliding Glass Door, Walk In Closet, Wall To Wall Carpet
Appliances Dishwasher, Microwave, Range W Oven, Refrigerator
Attic Other
Basement Full
Condition Excellent
Cooling Type Central Air
Exterior Vinyl
Exterior Features Deck, Lighting, Porch, Privacy Fence, Shed, Sprinkler In Ground
Family Rm Fireplace Type Gas Fireplace
Garage Description Attached
General Taxes Description Estimated
Heat Fuel Natural Gas
Heat System Hot Air
Interior Features Cable Hook Up, Garage Door Opener, Gran Solid Surf Counters, High Speed Internet Acc, Humidifier, Paddle Fan
Lot Description Landscaped, Level, Treed Wooded
Master Bedroom Second Floor
Other General Taxes - 4127, School Taxes - 6363, Tax Id Section - 57.16, Tax Identification Block - 1, Tax Identification Lot - 55
Roof Asphalt Shingle
School Taxes Description Estimated
Sewer Septic
Sign Yes
Total Taxes Description Estimated
Water Public
Dining Room Main Level
Family Room Main Level
Kitchen Main Level
LAUNDRY Main Level
Living Room Main Level
Bedroom 2nd Level
Bedroom 2nd Level
Bedroom 2nd Level
Bedroom 2nd Level
Listed by Paul Friello of Coldwell Banker Prime Properties 518-370-2100


text:
Sold for:
Start Free Trial
or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Sold Date:
- Source: eBay
26" Fiberglass Epoxy HullLength: 26" inches Beam (width): 9 1/2" inches Deadrise: 15 Degrees Weight: 1 pound VERY RIGID HULL!! NEW "ULTRALIGHT" DESIGN Hello fellow modelers!! This is a very handsome rugged hull that will be perfect for that small RC boat project. This isn't one of those cheap shallow boat hulls made out of paper thin fiberglass. The hull depth is about 4.25 inches tall at the stern and 5 inches high at the bow. The hull top has been rough trimmed and will require the builder to sand off any excess to his/her liking. Very smooth white finish and does not require any fairing or finishing work, but a very light wet sanding is always recomended if painting is desired. Styling and Design: This is basically a deep "V" Sport hull design that could be used for all types of vessels. You could make into a Pilot boat, Patrol boat, Cabin Cruiser, Center Consol, Express Cruiser, or even a Speed Boat. This hull sits high on the water, so don't be afraid to load it up with two or more electric motors and plenty of batteries. This hull is also suitable for a small gas engine as well. Epoxy Fiberglass Construction: 1. A tough white "Top Coat" epoxy outer coating for a rock hard smooth exterior finish. 2. Premium West System Epoxy using ... read more


text:
Our Purpose is to make disciples of Jesus Christ for the transformation of the world.
Our Vision is to increase average worship attendance by 1% each year. Our top priority is to undergird the local church to: Equip lay people; Reach younger more diverse people; Develop strong children and youth ministries; Support and strengthen families; Touch our communities, locally and globally, through acts of mission and mercy.
Our Key Ministry is to equip the local church for our Purpose and Vision.
Bishop: Bruce Ough
Conference Office
PO Box 460
1331 University Ave
Mitchell, SD 57301
(605) 996-6552
Fax: (605) 996-1755
Director of Ministries:
Director of Communications:
Dakotas Conference Website CLICK HERE


text:
Your cart is empty
Pure and Effective Omega 3
Products from New Zealand
Beyond Vitamins and Minerals...
a Complete Nutrient System
Promote optimal health and well-being
For Condition Specific Support
Maintain more youthful, vibrant looking skin with natural, clinically proven skincare only available from Xtend-Life.
Optimal Health, Wellness and Performance
An Efficient Hormonal 'cascade' is critical for Good Health
Natural Solutions for Prostate Health
An Efficient Digestive System is the Key to Long Lasting Health
These Systems require Specialized Nutrients
Skin is a Major Organ and needs Support from the Inside Out
More than just Cold Protection
Additional Support for your Organs and Systems
For your Heart and Circulatory System
Calcium and Glucosamine are not Enough
Additional Support for Men's Reproductive Systems
Kick-start your beauty regime the right way
The essential supplements range for Children's Health
Our best-selling trio of foundational supplements
Six of our best-selling beauty solutions
The beginnings of Xtend-Life Natural Products
Our company vision and mission
Raw ingredient testing in GMP approved laboratories
Become a loyalty program member.
State of the art manufacturing and quality control
Unique formulations for unequalled efficacy
Responsible use of personal information
Family ownership ensures customers before profit
Disclaimer and copyright information
An individual, personalized care and support program
Hundreds of informative FAQ's at your finger tips
Our 100% money back guarantee
Award-winning customer service
In the unlikely event of a return
Hear from our valued customers
Delivery costs and time frames
We accept varying methods of payment
Keep up to date with our latest articles on health, well-being, beauty and skin care.
Watch to learn more about our company and products
Join us on the journey to vibrant health
The latest Xtend-Life media clippings, press releases, media kit and image gallery.
Keep up with Xtend-Life news
View the most recent media kit
Find and download from our gallery
Dandelion is a common name for any member of the Taraxacum genus, which contains many species. These flowering plants have deep taproots and are native to temperate regions throughout the northern hemisphere. The species in Taraxacum are extremely difficult to differentiate since they reproduce by apomixis, a process that involves asexual reproduction instead of fertilization of a female flower by a male flower. The result of this reproductive method is that dandelions have many local populations known as microspecies instead of distinct species.
Taraxacum mongolicum is one such example of an apomictic microspecies. It is native to eastern Asia and is typically found on damp roadsides or embankments. This plant can grow in a range of soils types and pH levels, although it prefers moist soil. Taraxacum mongolicum grows best in partial shade, although it can tolerate full sun. It grows to a height of about eight inches.
Dandelions have been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for about 1,000 years, typically for breast disorders. They are often made into a decoction, which involves mashing up parts of the plant and boiling them to release volatile oils. Taraxacum mongolicum is also commonly used in modern herbal medicine. The most significant biologically active components include Taraxacerin, taraxacin and acrystalline.
Digestive health is one of the most common uses for dandelion extract in herbal medicine. It also has many other uses, including support of the urinary tract, joints and skin.
Oral supplements of dandelion extract may help to manage digestive conditions such as gas, upset stomach and loss of appetite. Larger doses may provide a laxative effect.
Dandelion may help to manage joint discomfort and muscle aches. It may also help to manage the discomfort of gallstones.
Dandelion may support the urinary system by helping to manage bacterial infections and maintaining urine production. This application is typically intended for short-term use.
Dandelion extract may help to manage skin conditions such as bruises and eczema.
Constipation is one of the most significant signs that you may need dandelion extract. You may benefit from dandelion if you suffer from skin conditions characterized by unhealthy inflammation such as acne, eczema and psoriasis. Joint conditions that cause chronic discomfort may also mean that you should take dandelion. Difficulty and discomfort with urination are additional reasons to take dandelion extract. You may also want to use dandelion if you're generally fatigued.
Supports healthy sleeping patterns
Read more >
Fuel for a healthy nervous system & mood
({ReveiwsCount}) {RatingValue}/5
For more information, discover this product
Milk thistle - Milk thistle is one of the many common names for Silybum marianum, which is also known as cardus marianus, Mary thistle and Scotch thistle. It is most often used to support liver functions.
Turmeric - Turmeric is the common name for Curcuma longa, which is an herbaceous plant with prominent rhizomes instead of true roots. These rhizomes are typically used to support digestive and liver function.
Taraxacum mongolicum
1 888 487 9304
+64 3 384 2116
12 Mary Muller Drive
Christchurch 8022
New Zealand
Xtend-Life is one of the world's leading manufacturers and sellers of high quality health supplements and skincare products. All of our products are manufactured and certified in New Zealand.
© 2000-2017 Xtend-Life . All rights reserved.
All material provided within this website is for informational and educational purposes only, and is not to be construed as medical advice or instruction. No action should be taken solely on the contents of this website. Consult your physician or a qualified health professional on any matters regarding your health and well-being or on any opinions expressed within this website. The information provided in our newsletters and special reports is believed to be accurate based on the best judgement of the Company and the authors. However, the reader is responsible for consulting with their own health professional on any matters raised within. Neither the company nor the author/s of any information provided accept responsibility for the actions or consequential results of any action taken by any reader.


text:
The last 52 have been slightly crazy.
The girls and I along with my Mom, loaded into her truck and went to Langley. We shopped, we stayed in a hotel, we got up early (goodmorning 5AM!), we caught a ferry.
We celebrated my Grammie's 90th birthday, we visited, the girls met relatives they didn't know, we colored and stickered, we hit Starbucks – more than once, we laughed, we tantrumed (yes we), we had a sleep over at Auntie Mary and Uncle Bills, we ate apples. We did more visiting, some of us who are under 5 did napping, we road another ferry (that was on choppy water and made me want to barf), God cleared the remainder of our trip for me, we drove, they had Wendy's, and watched Angelina Ballerina.
We got home, we unloaded, we hugged Corey, we hugged Mom. There was bathing, and crying, and stories and singing.
Now there's sleeping and resting and aaaahhhhing.
I'm tired. I think, tonight I'm allowed.


text:
|The Rays hold the top spot for now. After all, prior to this three-game losing streak, they ran off seven wins in a row. Also, they still have the best record in baseball. But let me get one thing straight: The top five teams are a toss-up going into the break. The Brewers take a leap with the addition of CC Sabathia. Both New York teams rise after banner victories over division foes. And the Nats hit the cellar.
Last Week: 1
First-half co-MVPs: J.P. Howell and Dan Wheeler. For years, Tampa Bay lost games with a simple call to the bullpen, but these two shored up the critical seventh and eight innings.
Last Week: 3
First-half MVP: Carlos Quentin. Surprising run-producer carried Chicago for the first two months of season.
Last Week: 4
There was a rumor going around in recent weeks that Manny Ramirez had lost his edge at the plate, and an increased amount of challenge fastballs from opposing pitchers seemed to support this theory. But Boston's iconic slugger returned to form during a three-game sweep against Minnesota. Ramirez racked up six hits (including two game-changing blows) and six RBIs in the series. Just Manny being Manny -- once again.
First-half MVP: J.D. Drew. Drew has flourished since taking over the No. 3 spot for the injured David Ortiz.
Last Week: 5
1. He's brittle as can be and recently lost velocity on his fastball. (Just last week, he publicly stated that his arm felt "dead.")
2. He's a fly-ball pitcher, that usually doesn't fly in Wrigley Field.
3. Billy Beane gave Harden up, even though he had him signed through 2009. The modest haul Oakland received combined with the timing of this transaction (weeks away from the deadline) leads me to believe that Beane just wanted to get rid of Harden ASAP. And remember, Beane usually has a far better feel for personnel than his peers.
First-half MVP: Geovany Soto. The latest in a long line of standout Puerto Rican catchers will be the first rookie backstop to start the All-Star Game for the NL.
Last Week: 2
Climbed aboard the dream weaver train ...
Cue up Gary Wright. Jered's getting back to "Dream Weaver" form. Weaver's been inconsistent for much of the season, but his last four starts should inspire Halos fans. During this span, Weaver has allowed four earned runs while striking out 23 hitters. A steady Weaver solidifies the Angels' starting rotation as the best in baseball.
First-half MVP: Francisco Rodriguez. Even after Wednesday night's blemish, he's still on pace to break Bobby Thigpen's single-season saves record (57).
Last Week: 9
First-half MVP: Ryan Braun. Fifty-six homers and 159 RBIs in his first 200 MLB games. Scary.
Last Week: 10
must-have item for All-Star weekend), the Yankees sure don't seem too distracted. Their current four-game winning streak includes two wins over Boston and two over Tampa Bay. Suddenly, the Bombers are just 6 1/2 back in the division race.
First-half MVP: Mariano Rivera. The cutter is as unhittable as ever, and Mo has yet to blow a save.
Last Week: 7
last week's Rankings, I unknowingly tweaked the entire fanbase by referring to this team as "The Twinkies." There was no malicious intent, I swear. I was just unaware of the nickname's offensiveness. But Twins faithful definitely filled me in; the inbox felt the wrath of the Land of 10,000 Lakes. One quick sampling courtesy of Jeff Johnson from Rochester, Minn.: "Stop with twinkies you [expletive]. It's Twins. Are you Packer fan you [expletive] [expletive] [expletive]?" I also stumbled across this Twins blog that is actually titled "Twins, not Twinkies." So, I'm sorry, Minnesotans. Lesson learned.
First-half MVP: Justin Morneau. Steady force has produced at least 20 RBIs every month.
Last Week: 6
First-half MVP: Albert Pujols. This guy needs Tommy John surgery? The one-armed wonder boasts a 1.080 OPS.
Last Week: 13
First-half MVP: Josh Hamilton. This was my toughest decision: Hamilton or Ian Kinsler. I was honestly about to flip a coin, but Hamilton smacked a game-winning homer off Francisco Rodriguez before I could find some spare change.
Last Week: 8
First-half MVP: Justin Duchscherer. "The Duke" possesses the lowest ERA (1.78) in baseball in his first year as a major-league starter.
Last Week: 14
First-half MVP: Curtis Granderson. Grando is the spark plug that makes this offense go. The Tigers were lifeless without him at the start of the season.
Last Week: 17
First-half MVP: David Wright. Wright's defense leaves something to be desired, but he's on pace to knock in more than 120 runs.
Last Week: 11
First-half MVP: Chase Utley. He's cooled down after a fantastic start, but the season totals are still astounding for a second baseman.
Last Week: 15
this unbelievable highlight from Alfredo Amezaga's winter-league days with his hometown team, Obregon. Playing shortstop, Amezaga dives deep into the hole to his backhand side and snags a hard-hit grounder. Then from his stomach, he delivers a no-look, 40-foot flip to second base for the force out. Even Ozzie's jaw would drop at the sight of that play. Guess that's why they call him "The Amazing Amezaga."
First-half MVP: Hanley Ramirez. On pace for 39 homers and 39 stolen bases.
Last Week: 16
First-half MVP: Roy Halladay. Only one team (Cleveland) has as many complete games as Halladay (6).
Last Week: 12
ESPN and Yahoo! Sports.
First-half MVP: Aubrey Huff. The good news: Huff has already eclipsed last season's upsetting total of 15 homers by three. The great news: He's a second-half player.
Last Week: 18
this 484-foot mammoth shot off Josh Banks on Sunday. Among all the talented youngsters on the Diamondbacks' roster, Upton is the most enticing player. I predict a solid second half for Upton, followed by a true breakout season in 2009.
First-half MVP: Brandon Webb. Came back down to Earth after winning his first nine starts, but still leads the bigs with 13 victories.
Last Week: 21
First-half MVP: Russell Martin. Martin has bounced back nicely from his 1-for-23 start.
Last Week: 25
expected to miss at least one start after returning to Cincinnati on Wednesday for an MRI on his sore right forearm. Hey, at least this helps explain why Cincy's Opening-Day starter is on pace to lose 19 games. It's called a silver lining, people -- work with me.
First-half MVP: Edinson Volquez. The Reds are 13-5 with Volquez starting; 30-43 with everyone else.
Last Week: 19
First-half MVP: Chipper Jones An 0-for-10 series in Los Angeles lowered his average to .375. The impossible run at .400 is waning, but he's always been a better hitter after the break.
Last Week: 23
First-half MVP: Nate McLouth. Luckily, the Pirates finally gave McLouth a chance to start every day. And to think, he was being held back by Chris Duffy and Nyjer Morgan. (Who? My sentiments exactly)
Last Week: 20
First-half MVP: Joakim Soria. Former Rule 5 pick is filthy in the final frame.
Last Week: 28
First-half MVP: Matt Holliday. Holliday's hitting .373 against left-handed pitchers and a lowly .335 against righties.
Last Week: 22
First-half MVP: Lance Berkman. After posting a career-low batting average of .278 last season, Berkman has the second-highest mark in the game (.348).
Last Week: 24
First-half MVP: Tim Lincecum. "Tiny Tim" leads the majors with 126 strikeouts in just 121.2 innings.
Last Week: 27
a ploy to protect Raul Ibanez. Sounds like somebody's really overthinking lineup strategy. Vidro's OPS is 67 points lower than Juan freakin' Pierre!
First-half MVP: Brandon Morrow. Morrow has given up two earned runs in 32 appearances, and he's 8-for-8 in saves.
Last Week: 26
CC) didn't get off to the greatest start. Jeremy Sowers took the departed ace's spot in the rotation Tuesday night and proceeded to give up seven runs and 10 hits in 5 2/3 innings. Those are some big shoes (and pants) to fill.
First-half MVP: Cliff Lee. Has shaved almost four runs off last year's ERA.
Last Week: 30
First-half MVP: Adrian Gonzalez. Seventy RBIs is impressive. Seventy RBIs with his supporting cast -- that's unreal.
Last Week: 29
First-half MVP: Cristian Guzman. Slim pickings in Washington, but Guzman does lead the NL with 120 hits.
Gennaro Filice's Mailbag
Submit a comment or question for Gennaro.