text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 29, 1985
|Filing date
|Mar 18, 1982
|Priority date
|Jan 25, 1980
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Perry N. Brittain, John D. Kirkpatrick
|Original Assignee
|Brittain Perry N, Kirkpatrick John D
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (58), Classifications (28), Legal Events (12)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 115,488 filed Jan. 25, 1980 and now abandoned.
This invention relates to methods for lining pipelines, and, in particular, to a method for lining a buried high pressure pipeline.
It is known to provide a loose-fitting plastic liner to extend the life of an existing low pressure pipeline. (By "low pressure" it is meant that pressures inside the pipeline do not exceed about 150 pounds per square inch ["psi"] when the pipeline is in service.) However, plastic liners are not used in high pressure pipelines such as water injection lines where pressures of 5,000 psi or more may be encountered inside the pipeline. The reason for this is that in conventional "relining" applications, the existing pipeline is used simply as a "guide" to receive a loose-fitting tubular plastic insert. The loose-fitting insert, once installed in the pipeline, serves as a new "pipeline"--the insert conveys the material formerly conveyed by the pipeline, but, in so doing, must be capable of withstanding whatever pressures may be required to transport the material there-through. Such loose-fitting plastic inserts are unsuitable for use in high pressure pipelines because they are not capable of withstanding the strain encountered when the interior region of the liner is pressurized, forcing the liner to expand radially toward the internal walls of the pipeline. Viewed in this light, it becomes apparent that, strictly speaking, the use of a loose-fitting insert is not properly described as "pipeline relining" because the insert does not serve as a "liner" but serves instead as a new pipeline having a somewhat smaller outside diameter than the inside diameter of the existing pipeline, there being an annular gap between the outer wall of the plastic insert and the inner wall of the existing pipeline.
The present invention, by contrast, provides a close-fitting liner. After completion of the procedure hereinafter described, the liner is disposed inside the pipeline with no annular gap between the liner and the pipeline. Because the liner contacts the inner walls of the pipeline, the liner itself need not be capable of withstanding the pressures encountered inside the pipeline.
Loose-fitting plastic inserts are conventionally installed in pipelines in an effort to extend the piping system life at a cost somewhat lower than that of installing a new pipeline. Loose-fitting plastic inserts are sometimes also intended to protect an existing pipeline against internal corrosion or abrasion. The installation of a loose-fitting plastic insert into a pipeline may also improve the flow characteristics of the pipeline beyond those observed in a similar pipeline which is not equipped with a loose-fitting plastic insert. Loose-fitting plastic inserts may also eliminate, or at least reduce the need to use oxygen scavengers, rust inhibitors or other chemicals to maintain the pipeline. The present invention, while providing these and other advantages, provides the further advantage that it is not restricted to use in low pressure applications but may be used in applications where internal pipeline pressures of several thousand psi are encountered.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a method of lining a pipeline with a plastic liner such that the lined pipeline is capable of withstanding internal pressures in excess of those which the liner alone could withstand.
A further object is to provide such a method which is relatively inexpensive, when compared with the cost of installing a new pipeline, and which is relatively easy to implement.
The invention provides a method of lining a section of a high pressure pipeline which utilizes the structural strength of the pipeline to enable the lined pipeline section to be operated at high pressure. The pipeline section includes first and second flanges disposed at opposite ends thereof. The method comprises the steps of:
(a) providing a firm plastic liner having:
(i) a wall thickness such that the liner is form-sustaining;
(ii) an outside diameter sufficiently less than the inside diameter of the pipeline to enable drawing the liner through the pipeline section, but sufficiently large so that the liner can be non-destructively radially expanded against the inside wall of the pipeline;
(b) drawing the liner into the pipeline section until the liner is substantially longitudinally co-extensive with the pipeline section;
(c) longitudinally stretching the liner within the section;
(d) fixing the liner against longitudinal movement within the section;
(e) opening at least one bleeding port in the section;
(f) radially expanding the liner against the inside wall of the pipeline to an extent to permanently change the liner outside diameter from its original size to a size conforming to the inside diameter of the pipeline;
(g) during step (f), bleeding the space between the liner and the pipeline through the bleeding port; and,
(h) closing the bleeding port.
Preferably, the liner is radially expanded by no more than 6% of its original diameter. Advantageously, the radially expanding step comprises applying to the liner a relatively warm fluid under relatively low pressure. The fluid may have a temperature of about 180 degrees F. and a pressure of not more than about 100 psi.
The liner is fixed in the pipeline section by the following steps:
(a) before the drawing step, affixing a first flange to an end of the liner segment;
(b) after the drawing step, positioning the first liner flange against the first pipeline section flange;
(c) after the stretching step, affixing a second flange to the end of the liner segment opposite the first liner flange; and,
(d) positioning the second liner flange against the second pipeline flange.
Advantageously, before the radially expanding step, the liner flanges are encircled with retaining rings.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an end of a pipeline section having a flange affixed thereto;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a cable-carrying pig;
FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of a pig launching device coupled to a pipeline section;
FIG. 4 is a fragmentary perspective view of a pulling head affixed to a liner segment;
FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view of an alternate pulling arrangement affixed to a liner segment;
FIG. 6 is a fragmentary perspective view of a further alternate pulling arrangement affixed to a liner segment;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an excavation site showing a partially exposed portion of a pipeline section into which a liner segment is about to be pulled;
FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a further alternate arrangement for pulling a liner segment;
FIG. 9 is a fragmentary perspective view of a liner segment having a plastic flange affixed thereto;
FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view, on a slightly enlarged scale, of the plastic flange of FIG. 9;
FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the clamping against longitudinal movement of a liner segment which has been drawn through a pipeline section;
FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a retaining ring for use with the plastic flange of FIGS. 9 & 10;
FIG. 13 is a sectional view showing the installation of the retaining ring of FIG. 12.
The following description will make particular reference to the insertion of a plastic liner into a pipeline which is buried in situ. It is to be understood however, that the method is of general application and may be used with pipelines or pipeline sections which are not buried.
Before commencing installation of a liner into a pipeline, the right of way along the pipeline route should be examined to determine suitable points at which the pipeline may be uncovered and broken to create a plurality of pipeline sections, each of which sections is to receive an individual liner segment. Typically, for the preferred liner material referred to hereinafter, the pipeline will be broken about every 2,000 feet. It is recommended that pipeline sections not exceed about 2,500 feet in length because the tensile yield point of the liner material might be exceeded and the liner consequently damaged if the liner segment is subjected to the force necessary to pull it through a pipeline section over such a distance. Otherwise, the length of particular pipeline sections is not particularly critical and may be varied to accommodate conditions along the pipeline right of way so as to avoid swamp areas, roads, rail crossings, etc. The length of individual pipeline sections may also be limited by the availability of winch equipment of a capacity sufficient to exert the force necessary to pull a liner segment of a given length through a pipeline section.
Before work commences, the pipeline should be de-pressurized, purged, and cleaned if necessary.
The preferred liner material is polyethylene plastic in a firm, tubular, form-sustaining configuration (i.e. plastic pipe) which may be field-assembled into segments up to 2500 feet in length and which can withstand a radial expansion of at least 6% without cracks developing for at least one year. The liner material should have an environmental stress crack resistance (E.S.C.R.) rating in excess of 1000 hours when tested in accordance with conditions A, B and C of ASTM test D-1693-75. Ultra High Molecular Weight High Density Polyethylene ("UHMWHDP") which meets Plastic Pipe Institute designation P.E. 3406 is especially preferred for use as the liner material. An acceptable liner material is manufactured by Phillips Products Co., Inc. under the trade mark Driscopipe 8600.
The outside diameter of the liner material must be carefully selected as a function of the inside diameter of the pipeline. If the outside diameter of the liner material is too large, then it may not be possible to pull a liner segment through a pipeline section without subjecting the liner segment to forces so great that it is ruptured. On the other hand, if the outside diameter of the liner material is too small, then the liner may be ruptured when it is radially expanded inside the pipeline as hereinafter described.
Tests indicate that UHMWHDP in tubular form may be expanded radially by a factor of about 12% to 15% before rupture occurs. As a safety measure, these factors are halved in an effort to ensure that the liner material is not ruptured when radially expanded to contact the internal pipeline wall. Preferably, the liner material is radially expanded by a factor of no more than 6% of its original diameter. If radial expansion of the liner material is limited in this manner, there will be minimal risk that factors such as irregularities in the inside diameter of the liner material, or surface damage caused in pulling a liner segment into a particular pipeline section will result in rupture of the liner.
As a practical matter, the following table illustrates outside diameters of UHMWHDP liner materials which have proved acceptable in field applications:
______________________________________ Liner Material Outside Diameter as a % ofPipeline Inside Diameter Pipeline Inside Diameter______________________________________2" to 3" 94%4" 95%6" to 8" 96%10" and above 96.5% to 97.5%______________________________________
The closer tolerance used with larger diameter pipelines represents a decrease in deformation of the liner material as it is radially expanded to contact the inside wall of the pipeliner with a commensurate decrease in probability that the liner material will rupture.
The wall thickness of the liner material will be governed by a number of considerations.
To some extent, expense will govern the liner material wall thickness. Suppliers of liner material have reported that considerable cost is involved in retooling to produce a liner material of a given wall thickness. A further complication faced by suppliers of liner material is that, as mentioned above, the outside diameter of the liner material must be carefully selected where it is desired to insert a close-fitting liner into a pipeline. Ideally, both the outside diameter and the wall thickness of the liner material are individually matched to a given application. Usually, however, the expense involved in individually matching both parameters dictates a practical compromise in which the outside diameter of the liner material is carefully selected with an attendant sacrifice in wall thickness dimension. For example, the liner material supplier may use a die which is capable of producing a tubular plastic material having a standard outside diameter and a standard wall thickness, but adjust his production method to vary the outside diameter of the liner material as required, which may result in an increase or a decrease in the wall thickness of the liner material.
A further factor governing liner material wall thickness arises because the liner material is usually supplied in relatively short lengths which are heat fused together at the pipeline relining site to produce liner segments up to 2500 feet in length for insertion into particular pipeline sections. The wall thickness of the liner material will, to some extent, affect the quality of the joints at which the lengths of liner material are heat fused. For example, a liner material having an exceptionally thin wall would be difficult to heat fuse because the ends of the material would tend to assume an oval shape when clamped and heated in a conventional fusion joining machine. Practical field experience suggests that the liner material wall thickness should not be less than about 0.13 inches to prevent this problem. Preferably, the wall thickness of the liner material is greater than about 0.2 inches so that the original tubular form of the liner may be sustained while liner segments are heat fused together.
In some applications the fluids to be transported through the lined pipeline may abrade the liner material. Tests may be conducted to determine the rate at which the liner material is abraded by a particular fluid and then a liner wall thickness may be calculated by assuming a given desired lifetime for the liner material.
Each segment of liner material must be capable of withstanding the forces imposed on the segment when it is pulled into a given pipeline section as hereinafter described, without stressing the liner material beyond its tensile yield point (the liner material tensile yield point should be obtainable from the liner material supplier). As the liner material wall thickness decreases, greater care must be exercised in drawing the liner segment into the pipeline section to avoid exceeding the liner material tensile yield point and consequent damage to the liner segment.
The wall thickness of the liner material may also be determinative of the ability of the liner to resist collapse if the interior of the liner is ever subjected to vacuum. An approximation of the collapse pressure "Pc " (in pounds per square inch) may be obtained from the formula:
P.sub.c =2E(t/D).sup.3 /(1-u.sup.2)
E=stiffness modulus (in pounds per square inch) of the liner material (available from the manufacturer of the liner material)
t=liner material wall thickness (in inches)
D=outside diameter of liner material (in inches)
u=Poisson ratio (about 0.45 for UHMWHDP liner material).
The liner will tend to collapse if the collapse pressure is greater than or equal to 1 atmosphere (14.5 pounds per square inch). The wall thickness required to sustain the original tubular form of the liner material and resist such collapse may therefore be calculated for a liner material of a given outside diameter.
As discussed hereinafter, the preferred installation procedure may produce a vacuum in the annular region between the outside wall of a liner segment and the inside wall of the pipeline section which contains that liner segment. A vacuum in this annular region would tend to offset a vacuum inside the liner segment. The wall thickness of the liner material required to resist collapse due to internal vacuum could then be decreased somewhat to take advantage of the offsetting vacuum surrounding the liner segment.
As a practical example, the following table summarizes the wall thickness of UHMWDP liners which have been used successfully in close-fitting pipeline relining applications:
______________________________________ UHMWHDPPipeline Pipeline Liner Material UHMWHDPOutside Inside Outside Liner MaterialDiameter Diameter Diameter Wall Thickness______________________________________12.750" 12.250" 11.60" 0.370"10.750" 10.250" 9.70" 0.335" 6.625" 6.193" 5.90" 0.270" 4.500" 4.163" 3.83" 0.130"______________________________________
Liner segments may be assembled on-site using a conventional fusion joining machine to fuse lengths of liner material together. The liner segments should be at least 20 feet longer than the respective pipeline sections into which they are to be inserted. The external bead of polyethylene which is created on the liner segment by the fusion joining procedure must be removed to leave a smooth surface which will not impede passage of the liner segment through the pipeline section or interfere with radial expansion of the liner as hereinafter described. An "external bead trimmer" satisfactory for this purpose may be obtained from McElroy Equipment of Tulsa, Okla. Since significant strain will be imposed on the fused joints during the stretching step hereinafter described, extreme care should be used to avoid defects in the fused joints.
A plastic flange 86 is fused onto one end of each liner segment as a preparatory step (FIG. 9). FIG. 10 is a cross-section view of a plastic flange 86 which provides details of the construction of an acceptable flange. In FIG. 10:
D1 =Diameter of raised outer face of pipeline flange 12.
D2 =Inside diameter of pipeline.
D3 =Inside diameter of liner material.
D4 =Outisde diamater of liner material.
t1 =Thickness of flange 86 (should be the greater of:
(i) thickness of a standard #150 polyethylene flange; or
(ii) twice the wall thickness of the liner material).
L1 =a sufficient distance to ensure that the taper of flange 86 will rest inside the steel flange to steel pipe weld.
L2 =greater than or equal to the width of the fusion joining machine holding clamp.
A first pipeline section is uncovered at opposed ends by excavating a pair of "bell holes" along the pipeline right of way. A typical bell hole 100 is shown in FIG. 7. For ease of illustration, only one pipeline section 10 is shown in FIG. 7. The pipeline, when initially uncovered, would of course extend through bell hole 100 from right to left.
The pipeline is severed in each bell hole, defining a discrete pipeline section between the two bell holes. For smaller diameter pipelines (2 to 4 inches) it will usually be convenient to uncover the pipeline for about 50 to 100 feet on both sides of the bell hole so that opposing ends of the pipeline in the bell hole may be manoeuvred away from one another for ease of working. Larger diameter pipelines are usually much more stiff and less manoeuvrable.
For a high pressure pipeline (typically steel) flanges 12 (FIGS. 1, 3 and 11) are welded onto opposite ends of pipeline section 10 to facilitate reforming of the pipeline when the pipeline sections have been lined.
Near each flange 12, a small "bleeder" hole (typically about 1/32 inch in diameter) is drilled through the wall of the pipeline. The purpose of the bleeder hole is described in more detail below. A threadlet 14 is welded onto the pipe over the bleeder hole.
Flange 12 tapers into neck 18 (best seen in FIG. 3) which is butt-welded onto the end of pipeline section 10. Care should be taken when welding flange 12 onto pipeline section 10 to avoid excessive penetration of weld bead into the cavity enclosed by pipeline section 10. Excessive weld bead should be smoothed by grinding or filing to reduce the possiblity that the liner will be damaged when it is pulled into pipeline section 10. Flange 12 has a raised circular apertured face 20, the inside diameter of the aperture being equal to the inside diameter of pipeline section 10. Flange 12 is conventional in the art, the only modification being the machining of a 6� radius on internal lip 22 of flange face 20. Lip 22 is machined to eliminate sharp edges which might damage the liner segment during insertion into pipeline section 10.
A cable-carrying device 30 (conventionally called a "pig") is shown in FIG. 2. Pig 30 comprises a central body member 32, having a pair of curved rubber cups 34 disposed at opposite ends. The external diameter of cups 34 is slightly greater than the internal diameter of the pipeline so that pig 30 may be tightly fitted inside pipeline section 10. A pair of eyelets 36 are disposed at opposite ends of the pig body member. A cable is attached to an eyelet at one end of pig 30 and the opposite end of the pig inserted into pipeline section 10.
A "pig launching device" 40 (conventional in the art) is shown in FIG. 3. Launching device 40 includes flange 42 which is coupled by means of bolts 44 to flange 12. Plastic gasket 46 is disposed between flanges 12 and 42 to effect a seal. The cable (which has been attached to pig 30, which now rests inside pipeline section 10 near flange 12) passes through aperture 48 at one end of the launching device 40. Water injection port 50 is coupled with a hose or other means to a water truck capable of delivering water under pressure through the hose and into launching device 40. Pressurized water is thus forced through water injection port 50 and cavity 52 and thence into pipeline section 10 behind pig 30 to propel pig 30 along pipeline section 10 with the cable trailing behind. The cable (which may be coiled upon a reel) is drawn through aperture 48 as the pig passes through pipeline section 10. Suitable gasket means should be provided at aperture 48 to prevent excessive loss of water. A water pressure of about 100 psi to 150 psi should suffice to propel the pig and cable through about 2,000 feet of pipeline.
In the absence of a source of pressurized water, compressed air could also be used to force the pig and cable through pipeline section 10.
When pig 30 and the attached cable emerge at the opposite end of pipeline section 10, pig 30 is removed from the cable and replaced by a "pig train" and a test piece of the liner material. The cable is first attached to a carbide steel headed "sizing" pig, having an outside diameter slightly larger than the outside diameter of the liner segment to be inserted into the pipeline section. Preferably, the outside diameter of the sizing pig is about one half the sum of the outside diameter of the liner material and the inside diameter of the pipeline. The sizing pig assists in determining whether the inside diameter of the pipeline section is too small to receive the liner segment. The second pig in the pig train is a wire brush pig having a plurality of wire bristles for scraping built-up scale off the internal pipeline surface. The third pig in the pig train is a rubber-cupped cleaning pig used to carry out of the pipeline section slag or scale broken off the pipeline walls by the first two pigs. The pigs are provided with eye bolts and are connected together with steel cable. Finally, a 25 to 30 foot test section of the liner material to be used in lining the pipeline is attached behind the pig train.
A winch is attached to the cable at the far end of the pipeline section. The pig train and test section of liner material are then pulled through pipeline section 10 with the winch. Preferably, the winch is equipped with a cable odometer so that the operator may determine the location of points at which the pig train may become lodged in pipeline section 10. If the pig train cannot successfully be pulled through pipeline section 10, then it will be necessary to uncover and open the pipeline at the point at which the pig train becomes lodged to effect repairs.
After the test section of liner material has passed through pipeline section 10, it is examined for surface damage. If nicks, gouges, surface slits, etc., on the test section do not penetrate into the liner wall to a depth of more than about 10% of the liner wall thickness, then the liner segment may be safely inserted into the pipeline section. If the surface nicks, gouges, surface slits, etc., penetrate into the liner wall to a depth of more than about 10% of the liner wall thickness, then the pipeline section must be repigged and cleaned to eliminate such liner surface damage. (Preferably, the pipeline section is re-pigged and cleaned if the liner material is penetrated to a depth of more than about 0.04 inches, regardless of its wall thickness.)
Once the pipeline section has been pigged and cleaned to eliminate unacceptable liner surface damage, launching device 40 is again used to propel pig 30 and the cable back through pipeline section 10 so that the cable may be attached to liner segment 70 which is to be pulled into pipeline section 10. This procedure also gives pipeline section 10 a water flush to remove foreign matter.
Various pulling arrangements which may be used to attach the cable to liner segment 70, are shown in FIGS. 4, 5, 6 and 8.
FIG. 4 shows a pulling head 60 having a generally tapered cylindrical configuration. Pulling head 60 may be fabricated from a solid piece of polyethylene, and a hole drilled therethrough to receive pin 62 to which eyelet 64 is affixed. Pin 62 is anchored against longitudinal movement with respect to pulling head 60 by means of washer 68 and bolt 66 which is threadably received on the end of pin 62. Pulling head 60 is fused onto the end of liner segment 70 opposite the end to which flange 86 is attached. Any protruding fusion bead is removed. The cable is then attached to eyelet 64 and pulling head 60 is introduced into pipeline section 10. Pulling head 60 is intended for use in high pressure applications where it is desired to use a close-fitting liner segment having an external diameter of at least 94% of the internal diameter of pipeline section 10. In such close-fitting applications, it is important that pulling head 60 be free of protrusions which might impede transit through pipeline section 10.
The pulling arrangement shown in FIG. 5 comprises a plurality of metal straps 72 spaced circumferentially around an end of liner segment 70 and bolted directly to the liner segment. Cable bridle 74 connects straps 72 to the pulling cable. This arrangement may be used in lower presure applications where the outside diameter of liner segment 70 may be considerably less than the inside diameter of pipeline section 10. For example, this arrangement could be used in lining a sewer line having a 20 inch inside diameter with a polyethylene liner having an 18 inch outside diameter.
The pulling arrangement shown in FIG. 6 may be used in lower pressure applications where misalignment of joints in the pipeline may be encountered, or where foreign matter may have infiltrated into the pipeline section. Pulling head 76 comprises a plurality of metal straps circumferentially spaced around an end of liner segment 70. The straps, which may be bolted to liner segment 70, protrude beyond the end of liner segment 70, and are drawn together to form a cone having an eyelet 78 at its apex. Reinforcing rings 80 add mechanical rigidity. The pulling cable may be affixed to eyelet 78, and pulling head 76 drawn through pipeline section 10 to produce a ploughing action which may permit the realignment of misaligned joints, and which may clear away debris which has accumulated in the pipeline section.
The pulling arrangement shown in FIG. 8 should be used only in lower pressure applications to pull a short length of liner into a pipeline section. This arrangement is primarily intended for pulling liner segments on the open pipeline right of way. A plurality of apertures 82 are circumferentially spaced around an end of liner segment 70, and a cable pulling bridle 84 passed through the apertures for affixation to the pulling cable.
Referring to FIG. 7, a trench 102 is provided to assist in inserting liner segment 70 into pipeline section 10. The floor of the trench should be sloped from ground level down towards flange 12 at a ratio of about 5 horizontal to 1 vertical. Care should be taken to prevent kinking of liner segment 70 as it is pulled into pipeline section 10.
In addition to the odometer mentioned previously, the winch apparatus (positioned at the end of pipeline section 10 opposite to that shown in FIG. 7) should be equipped with a cable weight indicator to permit the operator to monitor the pulling force exerted on liner segment 70, and thus ensure that the tensile yield point of the liner material is not exceeded.
Once liner segment 70 has been pulled into pipeline section 10, it should be fixed against longitudinal movement with respect to pipeline section 10 with the aid of a second plastic flange like that shown in FIGS. 9 & 10.
The cable winch is used as described above to pull liner segment 70 into pipeline section 10 until flange 86 contacts flange 12. Liner segment 70 is then stretched by continuing to pull on liner segment 70 while flange 86 contacts flange 12, care being taken however, not to exceed the tensile yield point of liner segment 70. A clamp 92 (FIG. 11) is then affixed around the end of liner segment 70 opposite to flange 86 at the point the liner segment protrudes from the pipeline section, to hold the liner segment against pipeline flange 12, thereby preventing liner segment 70 from retracting within pipeline section 10. Pulling head 60 is then cut away from liner segment 70, and a second plastic flange identical to that shown in FIGS. 9 & 10 is fused onto the end of liner segment 70 which protrudes from pipeline section 10. Clamp 92 is then removed and liner segment 70 is allowed to retract inside pipeline section 10 until the second plastic flange contacts pipeline flange 12.
A steel retaining ring 94 (FIG. 12) should be used to encircle the plastic flanges to prevent deformation thereof when the pipeline is pressurized. The inside diameter "A" of retaining ring 94 equals the outside diameter of plastic flange face 90. The outside diameter "D" of retaining ring 94, is sized such that retaining rig 94 will fit inside the bolt circle pattern of flange 12.
When a pair of adjacent pipeline sections have been lined, those sections are joined together using bolts 96 to couple opposing flanges 12 as shown in FIG. 13. (Obviously, it is important that the bolt circle patterns of opposing flanges 12 be aligned when the flanges are welded onto adjoining ends of a pair of pipeline sections, so that the bolts 96 will easily pass through both flanges.) Opposed plastic flange faces 90 will be in sealing engagement between the steel flange faces 20. The width dimension "B" of retaining ring 94 is sized to permit a tight seal between opposed faces 90 of plastic flanges 86 while preventing contact between the circumferential ends of retaining ring 94, and opposed flange faces 20.
Work proceeds in the above manner over the length of the pipeline. The pipeline is uncovered at selected points to create pipeline sections into which liner segments are drawn. The bell holes which serve as work sites at opposed ends of the various pipeline sections are left open as the pipeline sections are lined.
When liner segments have been inserted into all pipeline sections, and the pipeline sections joined together to reform the pipeline, the liner segments may be radially expanded inside the pipeline sections.
Plugs 16 are first removed from threadlets 14 along the entire length of the pipeline. A relatively warm (typically about 180� F.) fluid such as water or oil is then injected into one end of the lined pipeline and allowed to flow freely therethrough and emerge from the opposite end thereof. The warm fluid injection serves to commence radial expansion of the liner segments toward the inside walls of the pipeline sections. The warm fluid injection also serves to alter some mechanical properties of the liner material in an advantageous manner. For example, at warmer temperatures, thermoplastic materials such as UHMWHDP can sustain more deformation before rupturing. Such materials also deform more quickly under constant stress as temperature increases. These two characteristics are prime considerations which suggest the selection of thermoplastic materials such as UHMWHDP as a liner material and which suggest the injection of warm fluid into the lined pipeline to raise the temperature of the liner material. To take full advantage of these alterations in mechanical properties, all liner segments in the pipeline should be at at least 70� F. before the pressure expanding step discussed below is started. Preferably, warm fluid injection is maintained until the pipeline itself is at least warm to the touch (70� F.-100� F.) at the end from which the injected fluid emerges.
The mere injection of warm fluid is not sufficient to expand the liner segments outward to contact the inside walls of the pipeline sections. Pressure must be applied to continue the radial expansion of the liner segments until they contact the inside walls of the pipeline sections. Ideally, the liner segments are expanded such that they retain their expanded configuration and remain in contact with the inside wall of the pipeline section after injection of the warm pressurized fluid terminates. When the temperature of all liner segments in the pipeline has been raised to at least 70� F., the end of the pipeline from which the injected fluid emerges is blocked off. The injection of warm fluid at the opposite end of the pipeline is, however, continued. The continued injection of warm fluid will exert pressure inside the liner segments, tending to expand the liner segments radially outward against the inside walls of the pipeline sections, thus evacuating the annular regions between the liner segments and the pipeline sections by forcing entrapped air and fluids out through the bleeder holes.
The pressure exerted inside the lined pipeline should be monitored and controlled so that it does not exceed about 100 psi. As this pressure increases, a "plateau" will be observed at which pressure does not increase as additional warm fluid is injected into the lined pipeline. The pressure inside the lined pipeline should be held relatively constant on the "plateau" to permit the liner segments to expand radially outward to contact the inside walls of the pipeline. At least 20 minutes should be allowed for radial expansion of the liner segments out to the inside walls of the pipeline sections. Once the liner segments have contacted the inside walls of the pipeline, there will be observed an increase in pressure above the "plateau" as more warm fluid is injected into the pipeline. Care should be taken to avoid injection of substantial quantities of warm fluid into the lined pipeline before all liner segments have expanded out to contact the inside walls of the pipeline. Otherwise, localized stresses may develop on the liner segments, causing rupture of the liner.
As pressure inside the pipeline increases, "geysers" about 10 to 15 feet high may be observed at the bleeder holes. This "geyser" effect will usually subside within about 20 to 30 minutes, although the bleeder holes may continue to blow air for some considerable time thereafter. After a period of about 2 to 3 hours, there may be observed a dripping of a milky-white substance (believed to be emulsified air and water) at the bleeder holes. At this point, the bulk of the air and water entrapped between the liner segments and the inside walls of the pipeline sections will have been evacuated, and plugs 16 may be inserted into threadlets 14 to close the bleeder holes. The pipeline may then be subjected to the usual tests required to satisfy the appropriate regulatory bodies.
In addition to expanding the liner segments within the pipeline sections, the radial expansion procedure will also indicate whether particular liner segments have been damaged during installation. If the wall of a particular liner segment has been pierced during installation, then the afore-mentioned "geyser" effect will not diminish at the bleeder holes of the pipeline section which contains that liner segment, due to the escape of pressurized fluid through the liner segment into the annular region between the liner segment and the inside wall of the pipeline section. If such damage has occurred, then it will be necessary to remove the defective liner segment, repig and reclean the particular pipeline section, install a new liner segment and then repeat the injection of warm fluid and the pressure expansion step.
Evacuation of the annular region between respective liner segments and pipeline sections may serve a further useful purpose. If the pipeline has to be shut down or depressurized such that a vacuum condition is created inside the liner segments, then, if plugs 16 have been inserted into threadlets 14 to close the bleeder holes, an offsetting vacuum condition should be present in the annular region surrounding each liner segment which may tend to prevent collapse of the liner segments due to the vacuum inside the liner segments.
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|Jun 21, 1985
|Sep 8, 1987
|Phillips Petroleum Company
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|Apr 9, 1985
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|Jun 21, 1988
|Knowles Albert H
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|The Dow Chemical Company
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|Pipe liner process
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|Apparatus for deforming plastic tubing for lining pipe
|Sep 27, 1990
|Oct 1, 1991
|Metalpraecis Berchem Schaberg Gesellschaft Fur Metalliformgebung Mit Beschrankter Haftung
|Pipe section, especially for abrasive and/or corrosive material pipelines
|Nov 21, 1990
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|Pipe Liners, Inc.
|Pipe lining process
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|Sep 13, 1991
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|Method for lining large-diameter pipes
|Jun 5, 1992
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|Brittain Perry N
|Process for lining high pressure pipeline
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|Well tubing liner system
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|Lining system and methods for installing plastic liners in a pipe
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|Insituform (Netherlands) B.V.
|Installation of lateral linings with sealing collar from the main pipeline out
|Nov 23, 1992
|Jun 3, 1997
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Flangeless pipe joint
|May 19, 1995
|Aug 5, 1997
|Inliner, U.S.A.
|Multiple resin system for rehabilitating pipe
|May 22, 1995
|Dec 23, 1997
|Inliner, U.S.A.
|Apparatus for vacuum impregnation of a flexible, hollow tube
|Aug 15, 1996
|Aug 18, 1998
|St Onge Henri S
|Pipe liner and method of installation
|Feb 9, 1996
|Nov 2, 1999
|Insituform (Netherlands) B.V.
|Apparatus for installation of lining with sealing collar
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|Jan 8, 2002
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|Pipe lining
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|Feb 1, 2005
|Coflexip Sa
|Lined pipe annular venting device
|Jan 7, 2002
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|Jan 20, 2001
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|Corrugated pipe connection joint
|Dec 21, 2001
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|Method and a coupler for joining two steel pipes
|Jul 1, 2010
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|John Heisler
|Fluid inversion liner apparatus
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|Exxonmobil Upstream Research Company
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|Jan 20, 2001
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|Corrugated pipe connection joint
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|Installation of flexible lining with flexible collar for lining lateral pipelines
|Dec 7, 2001
|Apr 1, 2004
|Conder Robert John
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|May 29, 2002
|Oct 21, 2004
|Raymond Connor
|Water supply pipe liner
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|Mar 10, 2005
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|Vented rotating flange assembly for plastic lined pipe
|Nov 29, 2004
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|Robert Pleydon
|Inversion liner and liner components for conduits
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|Installation of flexible lining with flexible collar for lining lateral pipelines
|Mar 24, 2006
|Nov 16, 2006
|Levario Alfredo G
|Flared liner method of securing thermoplastically lined metal pipe
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|Packless Metal Hose, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for forming a lined conduit
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|Aug 16, 1990
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|Process for lining pipelines
|Sep 15, 1993
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|Method and apparatus for fitting an inner tube in an existing pipeline while continuously supplying heat, and a pipeline obtained in this way
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|Method and apparatus for expanding replacement pipe
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|U.S. Classification
|264/36.17, 138/98, 264/265, 264/516, 138/97, 156/287, 156/87, 156/64, 264/40.1, 156/94, 264/269
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 12, 1985
Owner name: SENTRY PIPING SYSTEMS, INC.
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:BELMAC SUPPLY COMPANY, LTD.;THORNE RIDDEL, INC., (RECEIVER);REEL/FRAME:004379/0949
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Year of fee payment: 4
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Effective date: 19930131
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Owner name: THORNE RIDDEL, INC. (AS RECEIVER AND MANAGER OF B
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Owner name: MILLER PIPELINE SERVICE CORPORATION, TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF LICENSE AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:MILLER, DON W.;REEL/FRAME:007446/0063
Effective date: 19950413
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Owner name: MILLER, DON W., FLORIDA
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MILLER PIPLINE SERVICE CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:007521/0048
Effective date: 19950615
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|Surcharge for late payment
|Sep 7, 1999
Owner name: MILLER PIPELINE EQUIPMENT COMPANY, LLC, INDIANA
Free format text: BILL OF SALE OF SUBSTITUTE TRUSTEE;ASSIGNOR:J.T. MORGAN, SUBSTITUTE TRUSTEE;REEL/FRAME:010216/0068
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Item description for Life by Tribbett Tye...Overview
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text:
Friday Morning Dinar Chatter
TNT Tony CC today at 1PM EST: NEW HIGH VOLUME PHONE LINES
LISTEN only 518-556-1500 NO CODE
[daz] they're gonna do it.....its gonna happen...the rates are great...its gonna be the best thing to ever happen to any of us....its gonna be AWESOME!
[diamondgirl] Ooh, if dreams becoming reality then we are really gonna RV soon as the plane I was in last night in my dreams landed.....
[BetsyC3] does anyone remember the scene in the original "Miracle on 34th Street" when a young Natalie Wood utters these words, "I believe, I believe" and then she saw the house that she asked Santa to bring her? Well, we are waiting for Santa to bring us our wish . . . Just hope it doesn't wait til Christmas
[LeeEllisMusic] Tony: I am presently hearing as of the last 15min that plan A is still in motion. This is going to be a great weekend, one way or the other.
Read More Link on Right
[lxxxxxxx] So you didn't wake up with an RV. How are you feeling today? You should be feeling like a muti-millionaire... That is all I will say.
[August] Kano: 8:14 AM sorry phone call. ok ..ok...as of right now from my sources they dont see a thing wrong as i been saying for over a week...weds thru weekend... meaning sept 1 is the target date.. thats sun.. so im thinking writing on the wall sat night late..a sept 1 rv.. i dont know the date… no one does i am giving a window.. and our window since weds was gearing up and started the countdown like a shuttle launch..like with bad weather with the shuttle they can move it up or move it back but they need that clear window to get it up.. this rv is exact same way...ok enjoy ur weekend and pray..
toolkeeper] well as of 10:15 am Pacific time Thursday, Tony said that we are still a go on the Plan A higher rate. i wonder now, if Plan A is over, and we have shifted to plan B. Just asking.
[redhead1] I am at the point of Plan A - Plan B - Plan Z - let it go and I will deal with it
[square357] I read everyone's intel a lot of times it might not be wut I want to here but I read it anyway and research it for myself ... I respect tony mnt okie already blessed leochin and all that give us that extra peace of the puzzle !! It's like the movie national treasure you get one clue then another and another then put them all together
[taj] funnyface think about the possibilities, maybe they are waiting for the weekend, during the holiday weekend. they can process far more of us when the banks are closed for regular business
Compassion] I try to remember to fight off the thought that tomorrow we will see this....putting that much energy into my belief will only make me feel a little disappointed, so I remember that this is REAL, that the UN put together a PLAN and we are at the end of that plan. They said that Iraq would revalue it's currency by 2013.....this is our year! So keep reminding ourselves that this is not something we should have known about...but we do...and LORD willing we will prosper as well as the BIG GUYS! What a SUPERFANTASTIC DAY! :)
[wantingfreedom] Compassion LOL Great post . . Yes, we are blessed - I have a grateful heart, will change my lifes, other's lives, our community, our country, and our world . . WOW!! LOL
[sparrow] Compassion I agree.. with that said.. I do want to add this without the dinar and the hope it brings the past fails of plan a b c and d (onto e today hopefully it doesn't fail) would be past discouraging...
[Compassion] wantingfreedom I can't imagine how this would NOT change our economics in this country.....should be awesome. (Probably be a million jobs available at least, and many new busineses started) This is awesome.
[Papa Bear] Hope everyone is doing Great today. TGIF. Lets have a Blessed Day
[chefbear96] Papa Bear We are so blessed!! just think of folks who don't have our dreams!!!
[nolaspice.] Morning everyone! Just doing a drive by to remind everyone that this is the only Friday you get this week! Make sure you make it count!
[tonto1] QOUTE FOR THE DAY !! Luck is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity !! enjoy the day !!
[nolaspice.] It's Friday. The choice is yours.... Grateful and happy....sad and bitter....
[terrib] redhead11 ur right not a scam... people just dont realize how dynamic this is
[nolaspice.] It's not a scam - but it's not really our party. We got invited thru the kitchen lol. So we can either wait and be happy or wait and be mad. I find that mad puts wrinkles on my face. I prefer to wait happy and with grace! Whooo hoooo
[terrib] we had great intel from all yesterday but i didnt expect it last night
[ivy10] Randy koontz say anytime within the next 10 days. He is very conservative usually. :whoohoo:
[Papa Bear] Folks there is no negative news in Dinar Land so steady your course and prepare for your Fathers gift of abundance as my twin brother in Christ Bluwolf would say
[cashinqueen] Papa Bear do you believe in all the Reno intel??? Reality wake up call (3) "reno" Posted by exogen on August 30, 2013 at 2:19am . 1. All the secret reno intel was 100% not true 2. All the private exchanges at airport hangers was 100% not true 3. All the private aircraft for exchange was 100% not
[cashinqueen] the reno traffic was for the reno "rodeos"
[Papa Bear] cashinqueen SDR have been going on for lower levels and our time approaches
[TexasMom] Papa Bear :whoohoo: :whoohoo:
[Papa Bear] Change= OPPORTUNITY. AND HAVE A PLAN AND WORK IT
[Studmuffin] Warren Buffett on Gold in this month's AARP magazine. Gold is a huge favorite of investors who fear almost all other assets, especially paper money. But what motivates most gold purchasers is their belief that the ranks of the fearful will grow. The world's gold stock is 170,000 metric tons. If all of the gold were melded together, it would form a 68-foot-cube—and fit in a baseball infield. At $1,750 per once – gold's price as I write this [last year]—its value would be $9.6 trillion. Call this cube pile A. Now crate pile B. For $9.6 trillion, we could buy all U.S. cropland (400 million acres producing $200 billion annually), plus 16 ExxonMobils (the world's most profitable company, earning more than $40 billion annually). And we'd still have $1 trillion left over. Can you imagine an investor selecting pile A over pile B?
[dkg] I heard on tnt site this morning a rumor that if this doesn't happen before Sunday 12am Iraq goes back into chapter7 so this has to get done
[dkg] Lets get this done today
[nano36] dkg I am with you on that , today would be a great day for an RV
coolbreeeze] Good Morning all, I keep hearing, "Todays the day"! My source says Reno & china say Monday, cash out Tuesday, any input, anyone?
[magnum] coolbreeeze They say it will cash out Tuesday They just haven't figured out in what month lol
[yabba dabba] just had a three way call with shab and M and myself...collect of course...said they would pay me back when it ce....everything is good...breathe and relax aliens are pulling the rv ce button soon...ty roflmao
[yabba dabba] inter galatic federation is beamin st germaine in for the final signature
jdtolle » August 30th, 2013 Think your best
Right now, you have the opportunity to choose your thoughts. And the thoughts you choose will have a direct impact on the life you live.
Your thoughts focus your awareness. The direction of your awareness determines which of life's possibilities you see, explore, and fulfill.
The things you think about over and over again become crucial components of your reality. Take positive, purposeful, persistent control of your thoughts, and you can point your life in whatever direction you choose.
Your mind has great power. Use that power to bring more meaningful goodness into your life and your world.
Choose not to waste your valuable thoughts on meaningless and negative things. Instead, invest your thoughts each day so that they will lift life higher.
It's amazing what you can think, and even more amazing where your thoughts can lead. Think of life at its very best, and you're on your way to making it so.
— Ralph Marston Wishing All a Safe and Blessed Holiday
Blue Thunder
8/30/2013 04:07:32 am
After watching all the positive and Negative I have gotts to comment. I listen and have not been calling anyone but I have talked with Wells Fargo people I deal with regularly. My financial guy and banker both have said they have no knowledge of the RV with the IQD, and WF has put out an order that they are not touching it..neither buying or selling. However I do have a good friend who has been buying Dinar with her Nephew in California. He has a financial guy who in personal contact with WF in Las Vegas. They all have their hotel and appointments set up for next week in Las Vagas with Wells Fargo. She has told me that WF is looking forward to this event very soon. Knowing this it has washed all the negative out of me. This is direct from the know in Las Vegas and it is feeling so much better everyday. I hope to have a Great Weekend.
8/30/2013 05:26:40 am
We are all special guests to this party and He did he invite us which is why each of us is here! Now it's up to us to host those who missed out on the invite and see about those less fortunate in His name. He knows who the givers are and we must not disappoint, but low key! Enjoy His blessings and be happy in the joy you too will share!
I can understand Las Vegas...but not Reno. Reno is a little town not hugh like Vegas. However, Figure it just a figure of speech in this case. Not all Well Fargo people are aware of anything about Dinars, unless they have some. a person at my WF bank said it would be years before Iraq dinar RV. Yet a friend who works for another bank has bought some because of her husband. I live in a small town with 2 WF banks. Small banks. Maybe will have to go to the WF in the big city near by. We Will see. I believe its soon....why...because several of my friends are dreaming of lots of money coming to them. I believe in dreams. God's way of telling us stuff. Good luck all. Lets hope and pray for Tuesday. After the holiday weekend. Sounds best to me. Thank You Lord. Amen
8/30/2013 03:44:11 pm
All I can say to this post is: AMEN!!!!! If christians could only understand this concept imagine what they could do for His kingdom!!!
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Process-Fusion.net, founded by Gary Gack, provides Assessment, Strategy advice, Training, and Coaching relating to integration and deployment of software and IT industry best practices. Mr. Gack holds an MBA from the Wharton School and is a Lean Six Sigma Black Belt. In addition he is a Certified Scrum Master, an ASQ Certified Software Quality Engineer (CSQE), a Visiting Scientist with the Software Engineering Institute where he co-authored the "Measuring for Performance Driven Improvement 1" course for which he is an authorized instructor, and he holds the ITIL Foundation Certification. He has more than 40 years of diverse experience in the software and IT industry, including more than 20 years focused on process improvement.
Process-Fusion.net acknowledges that good ideas come from many sources. There is no "one best way", no "universal solvent". We are dedicated to the proposition that an intelligent and flexible integration of proven process improvement methods and best practices, tailored to software and IT, offers the best prospect for success. We bring 40+ years of experience covering all of the most important approaches.
We work with clients to select and adapt component elements of our extensive library of software and IT process improvement assets. Not "one size fits all" – rather a skillful tailoring based on the Voice of the Customer. Our goal is to respond quickly and economically to your specific situation – "just in time" and "right-sized" – lean, fast, effective.


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Roz at ALA
My ALA started on Friday with an all-day ProQuest User Group meeting. This was the first time ProQuest had done one of these and it was really, really useful. Their goal was to hear from librarians about a variety of issues and to update us on what is coming with ProQuest products. I spent the... more ›


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GraphicRiver Geek Style Set 10054437
Category: Stock Vector | Comment: ( 0 )
GraphicRiver Geek Style Set 10054437
Stock Vector \ Characters \ People
People \ Player \ Pack \ Mathematics \ Keyboard \ Programmer \ Recreation \ Video
Stock Vector - Geek Style Set 10054437 by macrovector @ GraphicRiver
Stock Vector \ Characters \ People
Layered: No; Graphics Files Included: JPG Image, Vector EPS; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS.
Geek style design character set with backpack computer keyboard web camera isolated vector illustration. Editable EPS and Render in JPG format
Smart Home; Farm Flat Set; Auto Service Flat; Mobile Application Flat Set; Document Icons; Housewife Flat Set; Election Set;
Keywords: backpack, bag, boy, business, camera, collection, computer, cute, design, elements, equipment, game, geek, glasses, hat, headphones, it, keyboard, mathematics, pack, people, player, programmer, recreation, shoes, smile, symbol, tablet, video, web.
Download Link


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Resident assistants dating residents
21-Dec-2016 00:47
Additionally, RAs are continually striving to enhance the quality of life for those residents.This includes planning programs, promoting inclusion, assisting with personal and professional growth, and most importantly enjoying their time at UMW.The Office of Residence Life, in cooperation with the Academic and Career Services Office, will host Resume Workshops to assist you with your resume writing techniques.Each RA applicant will need to interview with at least one member of the Office of Residence Life and participate in a group process interview.The following areas are reviewed when determining your financial aid eligibility as a resident assistant: It is important to file your FAFSA before March 2, the priority filing deadline, and respond to any document requests immediately.Award notices begin going out mid-June for continuing students and weekly thereafter.
As an RA, the financial aid awarded to you has to fit within your cost of attendance.Attending an information session is MANDATORY in order to be considered for the RA position.The application for the RA position will become active on My UMW on Monday, October 31, 2016.You should review the RA job description to see if there are any questions you would like answered by staff during your interview.
Becoming a resident assistant (RA) has many benefits, such as free room and board each semester, team building and time management skills; less need to borrow loans; and the Pell Grant goes unaffected.
Most of all, it's a very fun and rewarding job with many benefits.


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An event such as the Suzuki Nine Queens wouldn't be complete without reliving all of the excitement of the week and rewarding those involved during the legendary gala dinner. Using the peer-review system, all photos and athlete performances were judged by the photographers and the athletes themselves, ensuring that only the best were awarded prizes. Right off the bat, the mood was very festive, ensuring a good time for everyone involved.
The three invited photographers, Flo Breitenberger, Dasha Nosova, and Ilanna Barkusky collected a variety of images throughout the week and each submitted 2 photos for the following categories: 'Best Action Shot', 'Best Creative Angle', 'Best Black and White Photo' and 'The Most Unreasonable'.
For the athletes, the following categories were up for grabs: 'Best Style', 'Best GoPro Moment', and 'Ruler of the Week'.
Photographer Awards
For the first time in Nine Queens history, the Best Action Shot was a tie between all three invited photographers thanks to their incredible shots. Because only one winner could be chosen, their second photo options were taken into account, awarding Dasha Nosova the prize for this category. Thanks to the photo she took of Kjersti and Emma flying over the kicker from inside the gap, Dasha won herself a sweet Suzuki special edition Nine Queen surfboard.
Meanwhile, the Best Creative Angle went to Flo Breitenberg for his photo of a skier hitting the kicker while using a snow-globe as a lens. For this great shot, Flo was awarded a Suzuki special edition Nine Queen surfboard to take on his next trip.
Best Illumination went to the youngest photographer of the group, 21-year-old Ilanna Barkusky. Her photo of Kjersti during the sunrise session was definitely a crowd pleaser and also won her a surfboard to use when she heads back to Vancouver.
For her second win of the night, Dasha Nosonova took home the Most Unreasonable Moment thanks to her photo of Klaudia Medlova tearing down the run-in with at least 8 GoPros on. Thanks to this award, she got to take home a Völk splitboard in addition to the surfboard.
Rider Awards
Thanks to their incredible performances during Friday's Contest, Giulia Tanno and Anna Gasser were crowned the Big Air Champions and were each awarded a week-long stay at a surfcamp in Portugal compliments of Blue Tomato. Surf's up!
Meanwhile, event newbie Maggie Voisin was awarded "Best Style" by her fellow athletes for all of the super clean tricks she put down during the week. This earned her an surfweekend in Hossegor powered by Monster Energy.
Hailey Langland, a rookie who fellow snowboarders have named her the next wave of style for women's snowboarding. Because Hailey was not present at the time, Kjersti helped pick up the check! She will be joining Maggie on the Monster surfweekend in Hossegor.
Kjersti also made use of her time on the stage by receiving the award for Best GoPro Photo thanks to photographer Markus Fischer, with whom she celebrated this honor. For this shot, Kjersti took home a 1,500 Euro check.
For the skiers, this award was given to Johanne Killi who had been stomping all of her tricks before injuring herself the day before the Big Air Competition. She will also be making great use of the 1,500 Euros!
Though all of the girls threw down technical and stylish tricks throughout the week, the standout for the skiers was Coline Ballet-Baz who took home the prize as the Ruler of the Week for her killer skiing. She was super stoked to win a Suzuki special edition Nine Queens surfboard to use this summer.
Meanwhile, the Ruler of the Week among the snowboarders was given to last year's wildcard winner Klaudia Medlova for her incredible performance this week, including nailing her corked frontside 1080. As with Coline, Klaudia took home a Suzuki special edition surfboard (photo above).
Thanks girls for making this week absolutely epic! We'll see you next year!
Next up the male version of the event takes place in Watles, South Tyrol, Italy from the 28th of March to the 2nd of April. The Suzuki Nine Knights will see both skiers and snowboarders throw down on the Perfect Hip!! So stay tuned on www.nineknightssnow.com and follow us on instagram and FB @nine knights


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Côte Noire Bath Bon Bons - Rose d'Orient
Our luxurious bath bon bons are hand made using natural ingredients. Coconut oil and Shea butter are blended with the finest French fragrances to leave your skin hydrated and delicately perfumed. Packaged in a beautiful ribboned box.
Contains: 14 bath Milk Bon Bons
Rose d'Orient, 'Rose of the Orient' - Turkish rose infused with Eastern spices.
Other fragrances available:
Bois Ancien, 'Antique Wood' - Oak & black tea with velvet tones of tonka bean.
Confit de Grenade, 'Candied Pomegranate' - an infusion of pomegranate, quince & caramelised sugar.
Pomme d' Ambre, 'Pomander' - rich & exotic, a blend of amber, cedar & orange blossom.
Lac du Bourget, 'Lake Bourget' - a complex fragrance of oriental lily, honeysuckle & ivy.
Lavande Sauvage, 'Wild Lavender' - lavender flower tamed with bergamot & lime.
Reine de la Nuit, 'Queen of the Night' - enchanting floral with notes of jasmine & osmanthus.
Vert Anis, 'Lime Green' - Jamaican Lime, cypress & crushed verbena leaves.
See more: Body Care


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The Top 10 Best Modelling Agencies in Nigeria 2016 /2017
Do you have any interest in modelling in Nigeria? if yes please come in here as we are about to reveal the Top 10 Best Modelling Agencies in Nigeria 2016/2017 . Some of the best modelling agencies we are going to be listing here was also on the list of the best Modelling Agencies in Nigeria in the year 2015 , looking at this year 2016 they still remain at the apex of medeling agencies ranking . Before we take this topic further , we would like to let our readers know what we mean by modelling agency . A modelling agency is an agency established with the aim of represent models in the fashion industry.
In Nigeria today, all the top modelling agencies work in hand in hand with fashion designers as well as other reputable agencies like advertising agencies . This is how advertising agencies come into the picture , they invest in their models because they are the one that train them and do some other vital aspect of the modelling task like getting test shoots, printing complimentary card not also forgeting to get layout portfolios for their models. These days , Nigerians both male and female who have the shape, swag and fine face wants to go into modelling because models are now rated among the richest people in Nigeria it all depends the brand they represent , some have that fat cash to spend on them while some are still trying to survive .
Check It Out: Top 10 Most Beautiful Cities in Nigeria 2016
Well , the essense of this article is to help those persons looking for the best modelling Agencies In Nigeria in this year 2016 and 2017 . Are you searching for the best modelling agencies, look down for some that may interest you .
1. Silverbird Group
Silverbird is comfortably sitting at the apex of the list of Best modelling agency in Nigeria and it was founded by Senator Ben Murray Bruce in 1980. Silverbird Group has been in this business for donkey years before the emmergence of many other modelling agencies . It might interest you to know that Silverbird Group is the host of the Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria (MGBN) Pageant and Mr Nigeria because i know most of you are just getting to know that right now . Famous Agbani Darego was the first Nigerian to win Miss World title in 2001 , she was the person that represented Nigeria and history has it that she is the only black African woman that has ever won the title Miss World .
2. Identical Media
On the second spot of the best modelling company in Nigeria we have another reputable modelling agency called Identical Media . The major job they do is promoting models, fashion brands, music, celebrities, event and so on . Do you want to contact Identical Media ? here is their official online portal @ www.identicalmedia.net and their office address is No 13, Eric Moore Close, Surulere, Lagos, Nigeria. Here is their contact phone number 08060332224 or 08140078455 don't hesitate to place a call to them anytime .
3. Pillars and Pride Of Africa Model & Talent Management
This modelling agency called Pillars and Pride Of Africa Model & Talent Management dedicated their self on developing models and talented individuals who wish to become something or somebody bigger and richer in the nearest future . Pillars and Pride Of Africa Model & Talent Management is one of the best modelling agencies in Nigeria that is why it is appearing on our list , this modelling agency have several years of experience in modelling business as they have been in the business for years . Their permanent office address is at Baico Plaza (7th Floor), 12 Abibu-oki street, Marina, Lagos Island, Lagos Nigeria . For those who wish to contact them via phone call here is their phone umber : 01-6571196, 07084955556
4. Exquisite Models International
At the number four spot we have another incredible and famous modelling agency that is focused on developing female models . Exquisite Models International is one of the oldest and unique modelling agency with vast experinece in so many areas like commercial print, television commercials, international runways and fashion prints just to mention a few . Exquisite Models International is situated at Suite 1, Sada Cruz Hotel and Suites, 4th Avenue, 400 Road, FESTAC Town, Lagos and their website is www.exquisitemodels.co.uk . Here is their phone number that can be used to place call to them : 08032371712.
5. Fashion Instinct modelling Agency
There are several modelling agencies in Nigeria but only few of them are equal to the task , one of this likes is Fashion Instinct modelling Agency. If you are just getting to hear this modelling company for the first time then you have the right to know that it is a professional modelling agency that trains and manages models as well as ushering, runway modelling commercial modelling and actors/talents management.
Fashion Instinct modelling Agency is located at 2nd floor, 34/36 Ikkorodu road, beside diamond bank, Jibowu, Yaba, Lagos. their their phone number is rather are 01-8247617 and 08029314720.
6. Y-ray Models
If you are aspiring to become a model and you stumbled on this page , if you don't like all the modelling agencies i have mentions above then you have another world class super modelling world called Y-ray Models . You can visit them any time at Opp. All Souls Church, Kayode Animashaun Street, Off Admiralty Way, Lekki Phase 1, Lagos, Nigeria. Their official website is www.yraymodels.com and their mobile phone is 08096606654. Visit Y-ray Models and get the best .
7. Looks and More
Looks and More is occupying the number seventh spot on this list . Conatct Looks and More via their online portal @ www.looksandmore.com and their office address is at 6th floor (Transworld wing), investment house, 21/25 Broad Street, Lagos Island, Lagos. Their field is fashion photography and make-up artistry . Try them and never regret it .
8. Pflamez Entertainment
Pflamez Entertainment is another modelling agency that do what they know how to do best . They maily specialises on organizing pageant shows and incase you don't know Pflamez Entertainment is the organizers of Miss Vip Nigeria, a yearly pageant show . Their online portal is www.pflamezonline.blogspot.com and their mobile numbers are 08091102632 and 09050665667 . You can contact them using this two numbers .
9. Brendance And Crusader Limited
On the number nineth spot we have another super model developer called Brendance And Crusader Limited . This modelling agency is the organizers of Nigeria's International SuperModel (NISM) Pageant. Their official portal for www.nismpageant.com and they are located @ No 20, Mobolaji Bank Anthony Way, Ikeja, Lagos. Their mobile numbers are 07084546231, 08033460308 or 08191997939. Contact Brendance And Crusader Limited using any of the numbers listed above .
Check This Out:Top 10 Best Blogs/Websites in Nigeria 2016
10. Elite Model Look
This is the last number on the list of Best Modelling Agencies in Nigeria Top 10 and we have a popular and classic modelling agency in Nigeria called Elite Model Look . This modelling agency is known for top-class and standard that they have set over the years. This company is owned by BETH Model Management Nigeria and they are the host of Elite Model Look beauty Pageant a yearly beauty Pageant show . We couln't get their phone number but here is their official website : www.elitemodellook.com . You can contact Elite Model Look via their online portal .
Source: http://nigerianinfobox.com.ng, http://nigeriantrend.com


text:
- Home
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Networking with other bloggers: Why you should be doing it now!
You need to network with other bloggers! Networking with other bloggers helps you to stay updated about the latest happenings in the world of blogging. Not just that, you can also make your online...


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Iron Ore Ex Mining Price And Process
price of iron ore mining process flow chart
... Iron Ore Mining, > price of iron ore mining process flow chart. Crushing Equipment; Grinding Equipment; ... iron ore mining process,iron ore mining equipment for sale . Iron ore mining process flow chart. Iron ore mining processing flow is the front physical manufacturing process in steeling ...Read More
iron processing,Britannica.com
Iron processing, iron; production of steel Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. use of a smelting process to turn the ore into a form from which products can be fashioned.Read More
iron ore price ex caofeidian china
gold mining process flow; iron ore screening methode; ... Cfr, Cif, eX-works ... a minimum fluctuation price of one unit. iron ore assessments are ..... China on a free out ... (Ex-works Price,Including Tax) ... China Mines Price Index Imported Iron Ore Price Index ...Read More
iron ore mining process and machinery with prices
iron ore mining process and machinery with prices. screening of iron ore; distribution of haemitite iron in india; ... Origins & development of the villages, including iron ore mining & Furness Railway. ... "History" is being made all the time.Read More
What Is The Name Of The Mining Process Of Iron Ore,Crusher USA
» what the spiral classification process in iron ore mining » what is the name of the mining process of iron ore » basic mining process of iron oreRead More
Mining Process Iron Ore,Protable Plant
Iron Ore Mining, Processing & Engineering Ausenco Ausenco. Our innovative solutions in iron ore have resulted in increased production efficiencies & achieved highly successful outcomes for our clients.Read More
Iron Ore,Mineral Fact Sheets,Australian Mines Atlas
About 98% of world iron ore production is used to make iron in the form of steel. ... As with most iron ore mines throughout the ... The operation of the concentrators has also increased the iron ore resources available at these mines. Pelletising is a treatment process used for very fine or ...Read More
1 Year Iron Ore Pellets Prices and Iron Ore Pellets Price ...
1 Year Iron Ore Pellets prices and Iron Ore Pellets price charts on InvestmentMine. Sign In; Your Account; Update Your Profile; Sign Out; Register; Subscribe; More . Your Account; Advertise; About; Contact; eStore; Site Map; InvestmentMine ... The Mining Investment ShowRead More
Iron Ore Mining Process Video-[http://www.quarrymachine.cf/]
iron ore mining process video in How Much Crusher[www.quarrymachine.cf], ... » price lists mining machinery parts » refractory ore crushing equipment » inching drive ball mill » directories mining equipment for sale in south africaRead More
Iron Ore Processing for the Blast Furnace
Iron Ore Processing for the Blast Furnace (Courtesy of the National Steel Pellet Company) The following describes operations at the National Steel Pellet Company, an iron ore mining andRead More
iron ore ex mines prices in india,beltconveyers.net
hazard associate with iron ore; car manufacturing process flow chart; cone crusher csb240 used in copper ore mining in russia; gold mining toys wash plant; ... As by the Chinese side during the China and Australia iron ore price Rates are Ex mines butRead More
Identifying Supply and Demand Elasticities of Iron Ore
by what equilibrium process iron ore prices and quantities are determined. ... almost a 50% decline of Fe content in iron mines in China from 2008 to 2009. Chinese ... the iron ore price spiked in 2009 2) mining companies wereRead More
Iron ore grade and its relationship to magnetite and hematite ...
(This article has proven popular so Ive added a few more on iron ore mining and processing, ... As it is, a company with a deposit comprising both magnetite and hematite will likely process their ore to extract as much iron as possible.Read More
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Related Information. mining quarry equipment price ghana; aluminium billets mills china; coal reclaim tunnels in south africa; african cement plant process engineer job consultantsRead More
Iron Ore Smelting Process,Brighthub Engineering
Large scale iron ore smelting has been carried out in numerous types of blast furnaces since the industrial revolution, ... The Mining of Iron Ore. ... Iron Ore Smelting Process Using Modern Blast Furnaces.Read More
Iron Ore News,Metal Prices
Steel/Iron. Ferrous Scrap Price Index; Iron Ore; ... Iron Ore. Trial / Purchase; Contact Sales; Featured News (GMT) ... Indiana. The presses are expected to begin supplying customers later this year. The Sapa Ex; Read more; NEWS,27 Aug 16:39;Read More
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Australian miners have traditionally argued that Chinese iron ore mines are among the worlds highest-cost producers, ... That process forced many marginal aluminium smelters around the world, ... Iron ore prices have fallen 38 per cent since January, ...Read More
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Find below the iron ore charts for August 24, 2015: Qingdao iron ore price tumbled 5.03%. Paper much the same. Dalian ended the evening session down 6 points to 361 offering some hope of stabilisation but that will depend upon Shanghai.Read More
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Iron ore price slide kills BC Iron dividend. Aug 26, 2015 ... Get Breaking Iron Ore Prices News by Email. It's free. Submit. We value your privacy and do not rent or sell your email address. See our privacy policy. ... for mining industry newsRead More
Mining Process For Iron Ore,Crusher USA
» flow chart production process of underground mining of iron ore » concentrator process mining iron ore » iron ore mining process video » iron ore mining process picturesRead More
Next Post: copper recovery flow chart


text: Which I guess goes back to the fact that his acting isn't that great. I'm pretty sure another actor could've given some of Lucas' shoddy lines more inflection and impact than he did. Everything was done in boring Hayden robot voice... I guess his attempt at sounding dark, but it didn't work.


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1994 Honda Civic del Sol - Consumer Review
Build Quality
Reliability Value
Build Quality
Reliability Value
1 of 1 people found this review helpful
Fun while it lasted
By D-Bizzle on
Vehicle1994 Honda Civic del Sol S 2dr Coupe
ReviewI've had 2 Del Sols so far. This was my second one after the first was in a flood. This car did not even have 100k on it when we had to replace the headgasket, then it overheated again. It was the radiator, $1500 in repairs. Now this car is totalled too because my boyfriend decided to run it into a concrete wall on the highway. I miss the ride, the functionality of the top, the wind in my hair, the gas mileage. But all the Del Sols I get are ripped away from me! Why oh why?
Best FeaturesI loved the hard top, no replacing it, not one can get in. I love the back window. Why is Honda sooo smart?
Worst FeaturesPut something like this car back on the market Honda! There are no hard topped convertibles out there like this one! Oh, can the cup holders. I went to walmart to get the ones that go in between your seat, much more functional.
Recommend (1) (0)
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Galileo's sole day three representative fetched Aus$95,000 to the bid of local trainer Leon McDonald. He was from the Kendor mare Twitter, whose four foals to race thus far have all won.All up, the three-day sale attracted an aggregate of Aus$15,365,000, with 384 of the 524 horses catalogued selling at an average of Aus$40,014. The disappointing aspects of the sale were the lack of buying bench and the 105 lots that failed to sell.
By Ric ChapmanIt ended with a whimper Thursday.Day three of Adelaide's thus far record-breaking Magic Millions yearling sale came and went before a small gathering of local buyers. It was not the way Magic Millions would have liked it to wind down following two record-breaking days of sales.The biggest news around the place was the prospect that Tuesday's record-breaking top seller, the hunky big chestnut by Fusaichi Pegasus , hadn't passed his scope. Rumor had the place talking, but it was only a rumor as no one could be found to debunk it -- still, it was a pretty strong one floating around the sale complex nonetheless.Positives from day three were few and far between.A More Than Ready -- Away With the Fairies colt fetched Aus$130,000. He was a neat, athletic type from a Fairy King mare who had won twice. And the pedigree page is first rate too with many a black type runner related to this fellow. Mark Kavanagh, who was the underbidder on the Fu Peg topper Wednesday, bought this colt. More Than Ready averaged Aus$71,000 for the sale.A Belong to Me -- At the Bay filly was popular at Aus$150,000 also. Some rising current day stars like Toulouse Lautrec appear in her page.The lone Fusaichi Pegasus offering on day three fetched Aus$80,000 to the bid of Global Thoroughbreds. He was a bay from the Australian-bred mare Visual Displays (by Scenic), who was a smart galloper herself, winning five times, three at stakes level.


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* [wiki:AvalonForBeginners Where should I start?]
* [wiki:ContainerStory Which container should I use?]
* [wiki:WhatIfMyQuestionIsNotAnsweredHere What if my question isn't answered here?]
| * [[WhatIsAvalon|What is Avalon?]]
* [[WhereIsAvalon|Where do I find out more?]]
* [[AvalonGlossary|What does ${insert-jargon-term-x} mean? (See the AvalonGlossary)]]
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Apache Avalon FAQ
Welcome to the Apache Avalon wiki-based FAQ. Here are some helpful suggestions for using it:
- If you cannot find the specific answer you are looking for, try the wiki search
- Feel free to add a new question to the FAQ at the bottom of the list. When it is answered, it may be re-categorized.
When in doubt, just email the firstname.lastname@example.com mailing list
Note: this FAQ is still under heavy construction. Feel free to pitch in and help or direct your questions to the mailing lists.
General Information
General information about Apache Avalon.
What does ${insert-jargon-term-x} mean? (See the AvalonGlossary)
How to contribute to Avalon and how the Avalon community works.
BugReports: How do I submit bug reports?
SubmitPatches: How do I submit patches?
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Avalon Website
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Questions about Avalon's source repository (subversion).
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Installing Avalon Platform
Questions on installing the Avalon Platform
Building from Source. Using Avalon Magic
Questions about building Avalon from source and using Avalon Magic.
Running Avalon Merlin
Merlin container runtime questions.
Avalon Component Development
Questions on developing Avalon components.
Testing with Avalon
How to run unit tests with Avalon applications.
Avalon Application Assembly and Deployment
How to assemble and deploy Avalon based applications.
Avalon and other Technologies
About Avalon and other related technologies.
Avalon Migration
How to migrate older Avalon or non-Avalon apps to the new Avalon platform.
Miscellaneous Questions
New questions that have yet to be answered and/or categorized.


text:
Looking for an experience, profession and honest team of movers in Lehi, Utah to move you? Then you've come to the right place! E-Z Moving is a premium moving company based out of the great state of Utah.
We can handle residential, industrial and commercial moves thanks to our top-of-the-line moving equipment and full-time professional movers. Lehi movers take pride in the fact they are just another team of amateur movers, but instead are full-on moving professionals that specialize in the field of moving. Our movers don't look at E-Z Moving company as just a part-time gig, but rather as a company that they can work on building a career.
If you are using E-Z moving, we handle every move with experience and care that can only be developed through years and years of experience inside of the moving industry.
On top of being able to handle any type of move, our movers can help you from start to finish with any type of move. We imagine since you are looking at our website you've already began the process of moving, but if at any point during packing you want us to take over just let us know. How much you want our movers to help with your move is entirely up to you!


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Thank you for visiting the Latin American Journal of Solids and Structures, LAJSS, a scientific journal financially supported by the Brazilian Research Funding Agency CNPq and by spontaneous donations via PAYPAL.
LAJSS is a 100% free journal for readers and authors, with no hidden fees, being published close to 20 times a year.
IMPACT FACTOR = 1.11 : indexed in the Web of Science, SCOPUS, DOAJ, EBSCO, SOCOLAR and SCIELO. DAYS TO REVIEW: 59, DAYS TO PUBLICATION: 88
Researchers all over the world are welcome to submit their papers to LAJSS covering theoretical, numerical and experimental topics in continuum and applied mechanics, in both their linear and non-linear aspects. Interest covers inorganic as well as organic solids and structures.
Papers submitted to LAJSS undergo a peer reviewing procedure coordinate by the editorial board and covering areas like Vibration : Dynamics : Aerospace and Automotive Engineering : Composite Materials : Experimental and Computational Mechanics : Material Modelling : Concrete : Earthquake Eng : Nanomechanics : Ocean Eng. : Optimization : Control : Continuum Mechanics : Waves : Fluid-struc. interaction.
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF: Marcílio Alves, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Heraldo da Costa Mattos, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Brazil,
Rogério José Marczak, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Pablo Muñoz, Universidade Estadual de Santa Catarina, Brazil,
Marco Lucio Bittencourt, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil,
Antonio Ávila, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
2nd. International Conference on Impact Loading of Structures and Materials
The 2nd. International Conference on Impact Loading of Structures and Materials will be held in Xi'an, China in 7-11th May 2018.
Soon the Conference Site will be available here.
|Posted: 2017-06-15
|More Announcements...