text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 3, 1978
|Filing date
|Feb 9, 1977
|Priority date
|Sep 30, 1974
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Richard L. Wilkinson
|Original Assignee
|Mca Disco-Vision, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (10), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (61), Classifications (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 510,163, filed Sept. 30, 1974, now abandoned.
"Photoelectric Transducer Head" by David P. Gregg, U.S. Pat. No. 3,349,273, issued Oct. 24, 1967;
"Transparent Recording Disc" by David P. Gregg, U.S. Pat. No. 3,430,966, issued Mar. 4, 1969;
"Video Disc Playback Assembly" by Keith O. Johnson, U.S. Pat. No. 3,518,442, issued June 30, 1970;
"Video Signal Transducer Having Servo Controlled Flexible Fiber Optic Track Centering" by David P. Gregg and Keith O. Johnson, U.S. Pat. No. 3,530,258 issued Sept. 22, 1970;
"Duplicating Process for Video Disc Records" by Kent D. Broadbent, U.S. Pat. No. 3,658,954, issued Apr. 25, 1972;
"Duplicating Process for Video Disc Records" by Kent D. Broadbent, U.S. Pat. No. 3,687,664, issued Aug. 29, 1972;
"Articulated Mirror" by James E. Elliott, U.S. Pat. No. 3,794,410, issued Feb. 26, 1974;
"Video Recording and Reproducing System" by Kent D. Broadbent, U.S. Pat. No. 3,924,062, issued Dec. 2, 1975;
"Video Disc Player" by James E. Elliott, U.S. Pat. No. 3,829,662, issued Aug. 13, 1974;
"Video Disc Player" by James E. Elliott, U.S. Pat. No. 3,914,541, issued Oct. 21, 1975; "Reading Head for Video Disc Player" by Manfred H. Jarsen, U.S. Pat. No. 3,947,888, issued Mar. 30, 1976;
"Method of Creating a Replicating Matrix" by Norma Abigania Avanzado and Manfred H. Jarsen, U.S. Pat. No. 3,954,469, issued May 4, 1976;
"Head Height Control System" by Lawrence S. Canino, U.S. Pat. No. 3,894,180, issued July 8, 1975;
"Video Recording and Reproducing System" by Kent D. Broadbent, U.S. Pat. No. 3,908,080 issued Sept. 23, 1975;
"Video Recording and Reproducing System" by Kent. D. Broadbent, U.S. Pat. No. 3,908,076, issued Sept. 23, 1975;
"Video Disc Player" by James E. Elliott, U.S. Pat. No. 3,944,727, issued Mar. 16, 1976.
"Video Record Disc and Process for Making Same" by David P. Gregg, Ser. No. 735,007, filed June 6, 1968, which was continued as Ser. No. 571,259, filed Apr. 24, 1975.
"Drop-Out Compensator" by Wayne Ray Dakin, Ser. No. 299,891, filed Oct. 24, 1972;
"Video Disc Mastering System" by John S. Winslow, Ser. No. 333,560, filed Feb. 20, 1973 which was continued as Ser. No. 508,815 filed Sept. 24, 1974 which in turn was continued as Ser. No. 714,133, filed Aug. 13, 1976.
"Fluid Cushion Turntable for Video Disc Player" by Manfred H. Jarsen, Ser. No. 402,634, filed Oct. 1, 1973;
"Method of Creating a Replicating Matrix and the Matrix Created Thereby" Manfred H. Jarsen, Ser. No. 402,636, filed Oct. 1, 1973;
"Replication Utilizing a Casting Process" by Manfred H. Jarsen, Ser. No. 406,686, filed Oct. 15, 1973;
"Video Recording and Reproducing System" by Kent D. Broadbent, Ser. No. 437,604, filed Jan. 28, 1974, which has been abandoned;
"Focusing System for Videodisc Player" by James E. Elliott, Ser. No. 454,130, filed Mar. 25, 1974;
"Video Disc Read Back Scanner" by James E. Elliott, Ser. No. 662,238, filed Feb. 27, 1976.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to a light transducer and, more particularly, to an automatic servo-positioning system for positioning a scanning beam for use in a videodisc player.
2. Description of the Prior Art
In the sensing of information recorded on a disc, such as a videodisc for use in a videodisc player, positioning of the read beam in relation to a preselected spot on the track being read is quite critical. Deviation from the center may cause the output of the returned beam to be distorted or at too low a level to be sensed.
A videodisc will have information prerecorded in concentric circular or spiral tracks with a 2μ radial distance between adjacent tracks with a track width of 1μ. In order to follow this track with a disc rotating at 1800 rpm, it is an absolute necessity that the read beam be always accurately positioned over the data track being read.
The prior art has attempted to cope with this problem in a variety of ways. Open loop methods have been used wherein the positioning of a read head was mechanically set and subsequently readjusted. Closed loop systems have also been employed where separate positioning tracks were recorded coincidentally with the data tracks. Specially grooved record discs have also been used wherein the read-recording head was positioned by virtue of its spatial relation to the groove.
In U.S. Pat. No. 3,126,535, to Streeter, a system for tracking magnetic discs was disclosed in which a small transverse oscillatory motion was applied to the magnetic transducer after it has been positioned in the general area of a data track. The oscillating motion of the transducer causes an amplitude modulation of the magnetically recorded signals being read.
The phase of the output signal relative to the phase of the oscillatory motion is dependent upon the relative positioning of the transducer and the recorded track. This provides the necessary indication as to whether the transducer is positioned at its optimum sensing point.
The magnetic head, therefore, is responsive to the aforementioned phase relationship, for changing its position in a direction such as to center it over the track.
As is well known, magnetic discs are generally provided with circular information tracks of a width, orders of magnitude greater than the one micron track employed on the video disc. Further, the mass and inertia of the magnetic head system precludes the use of the approximately 1 kHz oscillating frequency that would be desirable in tracking a videodisc channel.
Further, and in contrast to magnetic recording systems, the videodisc system provides a signal whose average value is at a minimum when the reading beam tracks the center of the information channel. This requires a mechanization that is fundamentally different from that taught by Streeter, supra.
In accordance with one embodiment of the present invention, a system is provided for use in a videodisc player to sense deviations of the scanning beam from the videodisc track being scanned, to thereby provide error signals in direction and magnitude suitable to compensate for such variations.
The system essentially scans a row of surface discontinuities which may be "bumps" or "holes" constituting the track of the disc and senses the variations in the return beam intensity when the scanning beams deviates from the center line of the track being scanned. An articulated mirror in the optical path directs the beam from the source to the disc and returns reflected light to a detector. In this manner, variations in the light beam intensity can be used to determine the beam position relative to the track center.
One system of the invention for measuring variations in the returned light intensity includes a photocell positioned in the optical path of the reflected light beam. The path includes an articulated mirror that controls the position of the light spot on the disc. An oscillator drives the articulated mirror to cause the spot to traverse the information tracks with a lateral excursion of approximately 0.3 micron. The signal output of the photocell then includes error magnitude information in addition to error "direction" information which is determined by the phase relationship between the reflected light and the drive signal to the articulate mirror.
The system is arranged such that if the beam is accurately centered, the average intensity signal is at a minimum. If the error detected is to the right, the intensity signal increases and, when multiplied by the driving signal, produces a product that has, for example, a positive value, whereas if the error is to the left, the product has an opposite or negative value. Therefore, the direction of correction required is represented by the polarity of the multiplied signal while the amount of correction is represented by the average magnitude of the error signal.
The novel features which are believed to be characteristic of the invention, both as to organization and method of operation, together with further objects and advantages thereof, will be better understood from the following description considered in connection with the accompanying drawings in which several preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the drawings are for the purpose of illustration and description only and are not intended as a definition of the limits of the invention.
FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of a synchronous detection tracking system for a videodisc player constructed in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of the videodisc track, illustrating information holes to be scanned by the light beam;
FIG. 3 is a graph of intensity of returned illumination as a function of beam position with respect to the track center;
FIG. 4 including FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c are graphic representations of beam locations with respect to the track;
FIG. 5 is a graphical representation of the resultant product frequency when the beam is centered on the track;
FIG. 6 is a graphical representation of the resultant product frequency when the beam deviates to one side of the center line of the track; and
FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of the resultant product frequency when the beam deviates to the other side of the center line of the track.
Referring now to the drawings in which like reference numerals index like parts and with attention initially directed to FIG. 1, there is shown a videodisc player which includes a videodisc 10 carried by a motor-driven turntable (not shown). The surface of the disc 10 has, arranged in substantially circular or spiral tracks, information representing picture and sound in the form of a series of surface discontinuities.
The recorded information is read out by directing a light beam 12 along an optical path from a light source 14, such as a laser, through a beam splitter 16 and onto a movable beam-deflecting mirror 18 of a tracking transducer 20. From the mirror 18, the beam 12 is directed to an objective lens 22 and thence onto an information track consisting of a series of holes or bumps 24, one of which is shown in FIG. 1, in the surface of the videodisc 10.
The moving track is laterally scanned in the radial direction by the light beam 26 as a result of an oscillating signal which is applied to the transducer 20. Light reflected from the surface of the disc 10, at the point where the spot of the beam 26 is incident, is gathered by the objective lens 22 which returns the beam towards the beam splitter 16 via the beam-deflecting mirror 18. Suitable polarizing elements (not shown) prevent reflected light from penetrating the beam splitter 16.
The beam splitter 16 directs the reflected light beam 28 towards a photocell 30. A signal from the photocell 30 is delivered to a processing circuit, as will hereinafter be explained. The surface of the videodisc 10 is configured to cause modulation in the character of the reflected radiation beam, which modulation is recognized and converted into useful information in the processing circuits after detection at detector 30.
Thus, it is important to make sure that the incident spot 26 is accurately positioned with respect to the surface of disc 10, for instance, to insure that the series information-carrying discontinuities on the disc is fully and properly illuminated by the incident beam 26, and to assure that the reflected or returned beam is properly transmitted to the photocell 30. Thus, the photocell is employed as a position detector unit to determine when, and by how much, the mirror 18 must be driven to maintain proper alignment with the center of the information-bearing track.
The output of photocell 30 is delivered to the processing circuit which ultimately generates a correcting error signal which is delivered to the transducer 20 which moves the mirror 18 such that the total optical system restores the point of impingement in accordance with the direction and magnitude error information carried by the reflected beam 28 and detected by photocell 30.
The mirror 18, transducer 20, and objective lens 22, as well as the beam splitter 16, photocell 30 and the processing circuit to be described, may be located in a single housing, not shown, constituting a tracking unit. The unit may be movable towards and away from the center of the disc so as to follow the information track, if a spiral, or to proceed from track to track if information is stored in a plurality of concentric circles. In this way, light from the source 14 is always brought to a predetermined focus at the surface of the disc 10, so that information recorded at high density thereon can be accurately read out.
The beam may be polarized so that beam splitter 16 directs almost all of the reflected beam along a second direction which is out of line with the light source 14. The reflected beam 28 passes through the cell 30, and its output is applied to an amplifier 32. The output of the amplifier is delivered to a multiplier 34.
The track, as hereinbefore explained, consists of a row of surface discontinuities, such as bumps or holes 24. These discontinuities modulate the intensity of the light or radiant beam 26 as the recorded surface of the disc 10 moves past the beam in the direction of the linear track. The average intensity of the reflected light is at a minimum in the center of the track of holes or bumps and increases to a maximum on either side of the row as the substantially planar surface area separating the rows is encountered.
As oscillator 36 applies a sinusoidal signal to the transducer 20, thereby causing an oscillation of the mirror 18 and an oscillation of the scanning beam transverse to the direction of surface motion. In other words, the light beam is "dithered" from side to side with respect to the track. As more of the planar area between the tracks is included in the scan, the average magnitude of the signal is increased. Minimum intensity is obtained when the beam is exactly centered.
An error signal adequate to indicate deviation of the beam from the center of the track must contain information regarding both the magnitude and the direction of error involved, whereas the average intensity of the reflected beam contains only magnitude information.
In order to determine the direction of error of the correcting signal when the beam deviates from the center of the track, as oscillating signal 30 from the oscillator 36 is applied to the transducer 20 via a summing junction 38 and causes the beam to oscillate by approximately one-third of the width of the track. The reflected light beam now has, in addition to error magnitude information represented by average intensity of the reflected signal, error direction information, which is determined by the phase relationship between the reflected light signal and the oscillating drive signal.
A suitable error signal is derived by multiplying the received or reflected light signal output of the photocell 30 by the drive signal 40 of oscillator 36 in multiplier 34. A phase filter 42 provides a fixed correction of the phase of the oscillator 36 output. When, in the center of the track, the signal product tends to average toward zero, as illustrated in FIG. 5, the mean value of this signal is considered positive on one side of the channel, as in FIG. 6, and negative on the other side, as in FIG. 7.
The resultant product of the drive signal and the detected return signal 58 results in correction signal 44, such as is shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, which is applied to the transducer 20 via servo amplifier 46 and summing amplifier 48.
The average intensity level error signal is used to generate a correction signal whenever the light beam deviates from the center line of the track. The correction signal, combined with the oscillator output, is applied to the transducer 20 which carries the mirror 18, the latter being operable to deflect the light beam 12 in accordance with the correction signal.
Turning next to FIG. 2, there is shown a fragmentary portion of the surface of a disc 10 in which surface discontinuities, here shown as holes 24, are arranged in a concentric track or channel which, in one embodiment, is arranged in a spiral. Although holes 24 are illustrated, illustrated portions, such as "bumps," are equally feasible and have been employed in some videodisc embodiments. Generally, each hole 24 or bump is approximately one micron in diameter and approximately one micron deep. The space between adjacent holes is generally equal to the length of the adjacent holes. The holes can range in length from less than one micron to approximately 1.5 microns.
FIG. 3 is a graph illustrating the relative intensity of the returned light beam 28 as a function of radial or lateral displacement from the center line d of an information channel. As shown in FIG. 3, the average intensity is at a minimum when tracking the center of the channel, rising rapidly to a maximum as more of the surrounding, highly reflective surface area is included in the scanning beam.
FIG. 4 illustrates three exemplary situations of the reading beam 26 tracking the spots 24 comprising an information channel. The center line of the beam is indicated by the line 26, and the limits of beam excursion, while dithering under the control of the signal from the oscillator 36, are indicated by the dotted lines 50+, 50-. In FIG. 4a, the reading beam 26 is tracking the center of the information channel. In FIG. 4b, the beam 26 is tracking off-center on one side of the channel, and in FIG. 4c, the beam 26 is tracking off-center but on the opposite side of the channel.
Turning next to FIGS. 5, 6 and 7, there is graphically illustrated a simplified resulting output signal of multiplier 34, respectively corresponding to the conditions illustrated in FIGS. 4a, 4b and 4c. As shown in FIG. 5, the output signal has an average value of 0, since "positive" excursions equal "negative" excursions. The waveforms shown are intended to approximate the actual signals but have been simplified for ease in explanation.
In FIG. 6, the output signal represents the spot center tracking the left side of the information channel as viewed in the figure. The phase filter 42 has been adjusted initially so that the resultant signal is relatively positive, as illustrated. Similarly, for the situation illustrated in FIG. 4c wherein the beam tracks the right side of the information channel, the resultant output signal, as illustrated in FIG. 7, is relatively negative.
The servo amplifier 46 and the summing amplifier 48 provide an output signal in the transducer which shifts the effective center point of impingement of the scanning beam 26 by adding a bias to the oscillating signal. Further, the error signal from the servo amplifier 46 can also be applied to appropriate tracking circuits, such as are illustrated in the above-identified applications of Elliott, supra. Such error signal could be used to either drive a lead screw or other relatively gross follower mechanism to keep the reading head in useful proximity to the information channel at the different radial locations.
Other embodiments of the present invention and modifications of the embodiments presented herein may be developed without departing from the essential characteristics thereof. Accordingly, the invention should be limited only by the scope of the claims appended below.
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
'On Site' - a group exhibition presented by Whistle Art Stop of three emerging North East based artists: Fintan Dawson, Peter Hanmer and Jo Hislop. As part of the Graduate Art Programme, each artist took part in a week long residency in Haltwhistle, resulting in the creation of new work that responds to the town and the surrounding area. Shown in the SHED space, these works attempt to explore and decipher how others perceive the world and the legacies their actions create.
"It's been a great pleasure to work alongside the three artists who were selected by a committee, from over 100 applicants. After spending time on site independently, we identified common ground in their work that moved naturallly towards a group exhibition. The process of collaborating for this show, has been included as part of our Graduate Art Programme training, proving valuable experience to all three artists. Mentoring by Louise Winter, Claudia Sacher and James Routledge, helped the artists to work through ideas and to strengthen their art practice and we hope that they will continue to work together in the future" Alison Raimes, project co-ordinator
Fintan Dawson's photographs depict segments of the historically rich landscape surrounding Haltwhistle. In the images we see evidence of human intervention within the landscape, suggestive of the individuals that populated the area during the Roman Empire and the stories that are attached to this.
Peter Hanmer's detailed sculptural work draws upon some of the social ideology from the end and aftermath of the Second World War and contrasts this with current political themes. A satirical narrative is present, using animal bones to form characters, as an imaginary plot unfolds.
Jo Hislop's film installation shows fragmented moments from the journey of walking and exploring the local area. Considering what it means to experience a place, how the physical body interacts within the landscape and the feelings that are attached to this experience.
Opening times:
Tues, Thurs, Fri and Sat 10-4pm and by appointment at any other time by emailing email@example.com or phoning 01434 320800
Graduate Art Programme 2015
This year, we have supported 30 new graduates in their transition from graduate art school through mentoring, business advice, exhibitions, research and development. We have also given continuing support to 12 artists who participated in our Pilot Graduate Programme in 2013/14.
The SHED is part of the Whistle Art Stop in Haltwhistle and is an exhibition and project space dedicated to showcasing the work of new and emerging artists from across the North East of England.
Find us in the centre of Haltwhistle, Northumberland NE49 0AX opposite Barclays Bank where we have free parking available. Click here for map.
Twhistle CIC t/a Whistle Art Stop- a community interest company registered in England no. 07769196.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Blake posted about video marketing a few weeks ago. As he said, there is a huge amount of value in creating videos. People like to consume information in different ways, so the more ways that are available for them to consume your information, the better. Don't be afraid to cover a topic in a video that you blogged about or vice-versa.
Last week, Blake and I shot about 20 videos for the 100 Grand Brand Youtube channel. We actually had a blast. It really was a lot of fun. We just brainstormed out the top ten questions we are asked and the top ten questions we are NOT asked that we think we should be asked. Then, we just turned the camera on 20 times. I think we ultimately did about 30 takes to get the 20 videos and we did it in about 3 hours.
You can see the 100 Grand Brand Videos here!
Earlier this week, we shot 20 videos for an expert partner, Sami Douglass, who is a life coach. She spent about 2 hours at her favorite coffee shop brainstorming and making notes about the 20 questions she was going to answer. Then, laptop, camera and microphone in tow, I went to her beautiful home where we knocked out her 20 videos in just over two hours. I think we did about 25 takes for 20 videos.
You can see Sami's videos here!
Now, you will see a little more production (lighting, editing, etc) in these videos than is really necessary, but we are a company that does this, so we are held to a slightly higher standard. They do NOT have to be fancy. You will notice that they are absolutely not perfect. We all stumble over words occasionally, and there are two videos where my collar is sticking up!
The best part of it all is that if you shoot the video from the waist up, you can wear shorts with your blazer!
Have you shot any videos yet? If not, why not? Tell me in the comments below!


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Right now you can trade up to get a FREE Febreze NOTICEables warmer in just 3 easy steps: 1. First, purchase a new Febreze NOTICEables scented oil warmer. 2. Then, send them your NOTICEables receipt, UPC code and completed trade-up form. » Download Rebate Form 3. They will send you a check for $3.50. Easy, right?!Read More »
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Yesterday, our store thePlate Boutique in Grand Rapids, and other shops located in our MoDiv space in the boutique district of Grand Rapids hosted an event called, Smile When You Remember… to raise support for a local Alzheimer's and Memory Disorders Unit at Mercy Health. This particular cause pulls on my heart strings a bit because I was once connected with many that were inflicted by memory diseases when I worked as the dietitian of a memory program. I saw first hand how emotionally and physically taxing it can be to not only the individual with a memory problem, but the family too. Needless to say, I was absolutely geeked when thePlate decided to join in collectively to support a well deserving group of people.
During the event we wanted to show our support in a bigger way than just donating a percentage of store sales so, here at thePlate we focused on what we know best… healthy delicious food! Food that will fuel you and help keep you and your brain healthy for a longgg while! The food of the day was quinoa- and if you've never tried quinoa, I seriously recommend adding it to dinner this week. It is similar in flavor to rice, just a bit more nutty. The best part, it has an entire serving of protein, not to mention it's super versatile!
We wanted to make sure our guests had a taste of healthy awesomeness so Stacey, our wonderful summer intern, and I demoed a Power Greens Quinoa Salad all the while talking up some of our other brain food favorites. And then we ate, and so did our guests. Many of them were surprised to see how tasty healthy eating can be, and it's true… eating healthy does not have to taste like cardboard, you just need the tools to know how to flavor food and I was glad to have a smattering of people get to experience that.
As the night progressed it was an absolute treat to be open late and have guests sip wine, munch on quinoa and listen to Dr. Foley, the medical director of the Mercy Health Alzheimer's and Memory Disorders Programs speak about the importance of spreading awareness about memory diseases. He also told us that the funds we raise are going to stay local and go towards programs that are not typically covered by insurance, like support groups, but are essential to caring for patients. It was so nice to know that the people that spent money will have it stay right here in Grand Rapids, only a few steps away. The support for this cause continues all month long in our online store, where 20% of online sales for the whole month of June will go straight to the memory disorder program where you too, can Smile When You Remember!


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Slain grandmother Anne's family light the way home for their 'angel'
A small Wicklow village fell silent yesterday as tragic mum-of-three Anne Shortall was laid to rest.
Hundreds of mourners lined the streets to pay their last respects to the slain grandmother.
Over 400 mourners gathered at St Joseph's Church in her native village of Rathnew.
Ms Shortall (47) was reported missing on Good Friday and her body was discovered in a shed in Killougther on Tuesday.
Local curate Fr Donal Roche led the emotional ceremony where he paid tribute to her family for their strength during the "harrowing, heartbreaking week".
He said the tragic events had not only affected the family but the "entire community".
Ms Shortall is survived by her children Emma, David and Alanna, and her 12 siblings Anthony, Seppy, Percy, Veronica, Gary, Noel, Gerry, Liz, Martin, Josie, Eileen and James.
Symbols of her life were brought to the altar by her three children. They included a family photo, a prayer book that belonged to her mother, cuddly toys from grandchildren and a pack of cards.
Speaking at the ceremony, Ms Shortall's brother-in-law Henry Leonard said she "loved a good game of cards".
In a touching eulogy, he said the family "were heartbroken" as they said "goodbye to their angel."
Fr Roche asked for people to continue lighting candles for Anne just as some 300 people did at a candlelight vigil on Wednesday night.
"Let's continue to light Anne's way home and let us never forget her," he said.
Roy Webster (38) with an address at Ashbre, Killoughter, Co Wicklow has been charged with Anne's murder.
He appeared before Bray district court on Thursday where he was remanded in custody until April 16.


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[gruhj-ing] /ˈgrʌdʒ ɪŋ/
displaying or reflecting reluctance or unwillingness:
grudging acceptance of the victory of an opponent.
Tagged: g
Read Also:
- Grudziadz
[groo-jawnts, -jawnts] /ˈgru dʒɔnts, -dʒɔ̃ts/ noun 1. a city in N Poland, on the Vistula River.
- Grue
[groo] /gru/ verb (used without object), grued, gruing. Chiefly Scot. 1. to shudder. /ɡruː/ noun 1. a shiver or shudder; a creeping of the flesh verb (intransitive) 2. to shiver or shudder 3. to feel strong aversion
- Gruel
[groo-uh l] /ˈgru əl/ noun 1. a light, usually thin, cooked cereal made by boiling meal, especially oatmeal, in water or milk. /ˈɡruːəl/ noun 1. a drink or thin porridge, made by boiling meal, esp oatmeal, in water or milk n. late 12c., "meal or flour made of beans, lentils, etc.," from Old French gruel […]
- Grueling
[groo-uh-ling, groo-ling] /ˈgru ə lɪŋ, ˈgru lɪŋ/ adjective 1. exhausting; very tiring; arduously severe: the grueling Boston marathon. noun 2. any trying or exhausting procedure or experience.


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Performance Evaluation of AODV and DSR Using Random Way Point Mobility Model
An Ad hoc network is a short-live network in which two or more mobile devices connected to each other without the help of intervening infrastructure. The routing protocols designed for wired networks are different from Ad hoc networks protocols because wired network can't work efficiently in Ad hoc networks. This imposes different design constraints and requirement on routing protocols for MANET. There are some properties of Ad hoc networks that do not directly relate to performance, but they describe very nature of Ad hoc networks and formulate boundary conditions of Ad hoc networks.
Provided by: Bhagwant University Topic: Mobility Date Added: May 2012 Format: PDF


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CodePlexProject Hosting for Open Source Software
I'm loading some large (but not huge) sequences into a Sequence (for example the 250MBP human chromosome 1). This is small enough that I want to work with it all in memory (rather than use a virtual sequence that reads chunks from the disk) - 125MB
is no problem on my 4GB machine. However, debugging my application when it's using sequences of this size is rather painful. For example, VS automatically invokes Sequence.ToString on every step whenever a sequence is visible in my autos/locals/watch
window - clearly copying and expanding the sequence to a string automatically is not what I want. VS hangs for 5-10 seconds on each step, then the func-eval times out and all function evaluation is disabled until I step again (which makes debugging very
difficult). There are also some properties (which VS evaluates by default) which are expensive and cause timeouts, for example Sequence.Statistics.
So this leads me to turn off the "enable automatic property evaluation and other implicit function calls" option whenever debugging with non-trivial sequences. This is a pain - it's nice having automatic evaluation for the simple properties
and annoying to have to remember to do this when working just with MBF (since it's a global setting, not per-project).
The .NET Framework design guidelines say "Properties are used like fields, meaning that properties should not be computationally complex or produce side effects.", and (in the
2nd edition) "DO try to keep the string returned from ToString short" (details here). Since sequences may be large, I'd
argue that no properties or ToString methods should iterate over an entire sequence (such operations should be done on other methods). I guess there's probably a bunch of code out there already that relies on the Sequence.ToString() behavior, but perhaps
it's best to change it now (eg. maybe output a short prefix, with another method to convert the whole thing to a string explicitly if that's
really what someone wants) while MBF is still in beta. Alternately you may be able to use a DebuggerDisplayAttribute to work around the problem (I think it can be used to prevent the ToString from being called) - but it's still really a violation
of the guidelines and could cause trouble elsewhere, it really seems like such a potentially expensive operation deserves it's own name that someone should request explicitly rather than overloading an existing commonly-used API.
Great feedback Rick! If you haven't already done so, please log a work item on this issue and we'll get this on the backlog. Alternatively, we'd be happy to see you contribute a solution back to the project to address the issue as well:).
We're working to better define the process of contributing code, but for now are expecting folks to adhere to our coding standards guide (soon to be released) and to submit changes for review prior to committing the code.
I'll be sure to update the Documentation section with more details as we flesh out the process, but I'm super excited to see your interest and well-thought out description of how to imporove the code.
Thanks Mike!
I'll code up a suggested change (including updating any tests that fail) and then file a work-item with a patch!
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Kekko Kamen Returns Trailer (2004)
31 October 2004 Action, Comedy, Sci-Fi 70 mins
The evil is back and this terrorizing the swim team at an all girl school. After turning the Principal into a frog monster they commence with their own brand of twisted training and punishment. But Kekko Kamen has also returned to right the wrongs and send the MGF packing once again or can she, they seem stronger and smarter then ever have been before, it's sink or swim time for Kekko Kamen.
Watch the official Kekko Kamen Returns 2004 trailer in HD below or find more Kekko Kamen Returns videos on Vidimovie.


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How do I get there?
Directions to:
- Palang Bun
- Navamin Road, Sukhapiban 1 (at front of Santi Asoke Temple), Bangkok, Thailand
- n/a
Note: Driving directions do not work in all areas of the world.
If this is not working for you, consider going directly to Google.
Please Report Incorrect Markers.


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Decision Tree implementation using GINI Index CART Algorithm in matlab
Buget $30-250 USD
Using GINI Index as goodness function i.e. CART Algorithm.
4 freelanceri ofertează în medie 189$ pentru acest proiect
Wonderful Project! We are pro in Matlab. We are masters of Mathematics and Control Engineering. We will finish your project in time. Keep in touch with us. Thaks a lot.
Hello, how are you? I hope you have a bright day/evening from your side. I have read the details provided, but please contact me so that we can discuss more on the project. I believe I have the required skills in this Mai multe
Dear sir/madam, I have much experience with both Matlab and classification and regression tree algorithms. I have a formal masters degree based on my thesis in machine learning. I am confident I can complete your Mai multe


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Berlin, 2014-05-23 00:00
Today RuleML published a new standard for building reactive rule systems and rule-based complex event processing systems on the Web. [0] For more information, see Reaction RuleML 1.0.
RuleML is a knowledge representation language designed for the interchange of the major kinds of Web rules in an XML format that is uniform across various rule logics and platforms. It has broad coverage and is defined as an extensible family of sublanguages, whose modular system of schemas permits rule interchange with high precision. RuleML 1.0 encompasses both Deliberation RuleML 1.0 and Reaction RuleML 1.0.
Reaction RuleML is a standardized rule markup/serialization language and semantic interchange format for reaction rules and rule-based event processing. Reaction rules include distributed Complex Event Processing (CEP), Knowledge Representation (KR) calculi, as well as Event-Condition-Action (ECA) rules, Production (CA) rules, and Trigger (EA) rules. [8] Reaction RuleML 1.0 incorporates this reactive spectrum of rules into RuleML 1.0 employing a system of step-wise extensions of the Deliberation RuleML 1.0 foundation starting with an extension of Derivation Rules (DR) for spatio-temporal-interval reasoning. [1] [2]
Reaction RuleML defines a generic rule syntax distinguishing between metadata, interface and implementation enabling distributed and modularized (Scoped) rulebases and rules. The syntax comes with predefined algebra operators and an ontological RuleML Metamodel for the definition of general concepts such as events, actions, time, intervals, space, processes, agents, messages. It supports extensible generic syntax elements and sorted/typed extensions with external ontologies and attachements. [3] Semantic Profiles [0, 4] attach semantics to Reaction RuleML rulebases and messages and enable the semantic interpretation and interchange, e.g. in distributed rule-based agent system such as RuleResponder (http://responder.ruleml.org) [5] and rule-based Complex Event Processing (CEP) architectures [6].
[0] Adrian Paschke: Reaction RuleML 1.0 for Rules, Events and Actions in Semantic Complex Event Processing, Proceedings of the 8th International Web Rule Symposium (RuleML 2014), Springer LNCS, Prague, Czech Republic, August, 18-20, 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09870-8_1
[1] Harold Boley, Adrian Paschke, Omair Shafiq: RuleML 1.0: The Overarching Specification of Web Rules. RuleML 2010: 162-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-16289-3_15
[2] Adrian Paschke, Harold Boley, Zhili Zhao, Kia Teymourian and Tara Athan: Reaction RuleML 1.0: Standardized Semantic Reaction Rules, 6th International Conference on Rules (RuleML 2012), Montpellier, France, August 27-31, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-32689-9_9
[3] Adrian Paschke, Harold Boley, Tara Athan: Tutorial - Deliberation RuleML, Reaction RuleML, and LegalRuleML - Part 2 Reaction RuleML; 6th International Web Rule Symposium (RuleML 2012), Montpellier, France, August 27-31, 2012. http://www.slideshare.net/swadpasc/reaction-ruleml-ruleml2012paschketuto...
[4] Adrian Paschke: The RuleML Perspective on Deliberation-Reaction RuleML Standard, at the Ontology, Rules, and Logic Programming for Reasoning and Applications (RulesReasoningLP) Session at the Ontolog Forum, 9 January 2014. http://www.slideshare.net/swadpasc/reaction-rule-mladrianpaschke20140109...
[5] Adrian Paschke and Harold Boley: Rule Responder: Rule-Based Agents for the Semantic-Pragmatic Web, in Special Issue on Intelligent Distributed Computing in International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools (IJAIT), V0l. 20,6, 2011. http://www.researchgate.net/publication/220160498_Rule_Responder_Rule-Ba...
[6] Adrian Paschke: Semantic Complex Event Processing, DemAAL 2013 - Dem@Care Summer School on Ambient Assisted Living, 16-20 September 2013, Chania, Crete, Greece. http://www.slideshare.net/swadpasc/dem-aal-semanticceppaschke
[8] Paschke, A., Boley, H.: Rules Capturing Event and Reactivity, in Handbook of Research on Emerging Rule-Based Languages and Technologies: Open Solutions and Approaches, IGI Publishing, ISBN:1-60566-402-2, 2009. http://nparc.cisti-icist.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/npsi/ctrl?action=rtdoc&an=164359...


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Rose Garden Director Susan Jankolovits and her dedicated volunteer crew recently celebrated the completion of a new drip irrigation system to help keep the historic Essex County Rose Garden at Brookdale Park alive and thriving for many years to come. The project was funded through a partnership between the Rutgers Master Gardeners of Essex County and the Brookdale Park Conservancy that pooled donations made by individuals within our community. Special thanks goes out to Master Gardener and Conservancy member Don Moore who, in addition to being the primary benefactor for the irrigation project, has been a rose garden volunteer for over ten years!
On a side note, if you haven't been out to see and smell the roses lately, they are still blooming and, in fact, there will be a secondary notable bloom season that starts up in the month of October.


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ZT Systems Affinity 7334Ma Review and Ratings
This site may earn affiliate commissions from the links on this page. Terms of use.
Our Verdict: The 7334Ma delivers strong mainstream-app performance and has plenty of upgrade potential, provided you upgrade the power supply. Read More…
- What We Liked…
- Abundant ports, including three video outs
- Capable CPU
- Blu-ray drive
- Includes Express Gate "instant-on" OS
- Good value for money
- What We Didn't…
- Cable routing complicates upgrades
- Needs a discrete graphics card if 3D gaming is desired
- Power supply can't accommodate major upgrades
ZT Systems Affinity 7334Ma Review
By September 21, 2009reviewed
ZT Systems might not be as well-known as Dell or HP—and its desktop and laptop designs aren't as stylish—but the company's utilitarian-looking systems typically offer a greater value for the dollar than the more popular brands. In fact, its systems are sold at places known for discount products, such as Costco and Target. The latest value-minded desktop PC to come from ZT is the Affinity 7334Ma, which sells for $799.99 and is currently available online from Sears.com. (It will also soon be available from Buy.com and ZTShopping.com.)
The specifications for the 7334Ma indicate that the system should have robust performance for mainstream applications, with a quad-core 3GHz AMD Phenom II X4 945 processor and 8GB of DDR3 SDRAM revving under its hood. The system also comes with a relatively spacious 1TB hard drive and a Blu-ray drive that can read Blu-ray discs and read and write dual-layer DVD discs. On the motherboard is integrated eight-channel audio, though you can't really leverage it out of the box; ZT bundles a cheap pair of tinny-sounding stereo speakers.
The motherboard is an Asus M4A785TD-M EVO model, which provides the system with a healthy collection of external connections on the back panel, including six USB 2.0, one FireWire 400, one eSATA, one PS/2, one Gigabit Ethernet, and analog and digital audio-out ports. The system also includes three different options for video output: VGA, DVI-D, and HDMI. The front of the system includes two more USB ports, mic-in and headphone-out jacks, and a 19-format flash-memory-card reader.
As this system is based on an Asus motherboard, the 7334Ma includes the Express Gate "instant-on" operating system (OS), which provides a quick-loading option during the bootup process that lets you access basic Web-based apps, such as a Web browser, an instant-messaging client, or Skype. "Instant on" is a bit of misnomer, as the system must still go through a low-level boot procedure called power-on self-test (POST) every time it starts up, but once the Express Gate boot option appears onscreen, getting into the Express Gate OS takes only a few seconds. The system comes with Windows Vista Home Premium (the 64-bit version) installed; a coupon for a free upgrade to 64-bit Windows 7 Home Premium is included with the documentation and restore discs.
The 7334Ma's design is simple and somewhat generic-looking, with a black-and-silver plastic front and the rest of the chassis fashioned from black-painted metal. This is the same case that the ZT Systems 7308Ma uses; we reviewed that model back in April. The 7308Ma's case had a problem: The side-mounted eject button for the optical drive had to be pressed very hard to activate the eject mechanism. We didn't encounter that issue with the 7334Ma. (The eject button triggered at only a light touch.) A different issue that we experienced with the 7308Ma, however, was also present with the 7334Ma: Whenever we inserted a USB flash drive into the front-mounted USB ports (or pulled one out), the case's front bezel flexed noticeably.
The inside of the case is roomy, with lots of potential for upgrades. Because the system uses ATI Radeon HD 4200 integrated graphics, its single PCI Express (PCIe) x16 slot is free. In fact, all of the expansion slots are unused, including a PCIe x1 slot and two conventional PCI slots. All four memory slots are occupied, but we suspect few users would feel the need to upgrade a system of this caliber beyond its existing 8GB of RAM. The motherboard features one IDE and five Serial ATA ports, with only two of the SATA ports in use. Should you decide to add more hard drives, you have the option to configure the drives in RAID 0, 1, or 0+1, for data security (redundancy), or better performance.
With one external 5.25-inch bay available and four empty 3.5-inch internal bays, plus those unused IDE and SATA ports, you'd think the 7334Ma was ready for some serious storage business. If that's your plan, however, you'll need to do a little interior redecorating first. The 7334Ma has all of its interior cables neatly bundled together and tied off to provide maximum access to the motherboard, but unfortunately, the cables are fastened to openings in the drive-bay cages, essentially preventing all but one 3.5-inch bay from accommodating additional drives. Of course, carefully cutting the cable ties will allow for access to the other bays, but doing so has the potential to create an untidy mess of the cables.
The system's 300-watt power-supply unit (PSU) has a few unused power connectors, including two four-pin Molex leads, one SATA power lead, and one floppy-drive power connector. The relatively low wattage rating of the PSU and the limited power connectors available will also curtail your ability to upgrade the system. If you want to add more than an extra drive or two (or a powerful discrete graphics card), you'll likely have to upgrade the PSU, too.
In our performance tests, the 7334Ma lived up to the potential of its components. The 7334Ma's Cinebench 10 score of 12,354 was a bit higher than the results we saw in other desktops we've recently reviewed at around the same price, such as the Acer Aspire M5800 and the HP Pavilion Elite e9120f. The 7334Ma's scores in our Windows Media Encoder and iTunes encoding tests (3 minutes and 13 seconds, and 3 minutes and 15 seconds, respectively) also indicate that the 7334Ma is slightly faster than comparably priced desktop systems.
However, the 7334Ma's score of 5,545 on our PCMark Vantage test (which measures overall system performance) was somewhat behind the showings of the Aspire M5800 and Pavilion Elite e9120f. This is because both of these comparison systems have discrete graphics cards that boost their performance on this test. The 7334Ma doesn't. And because of its integrated graphics chip, the 7334Ma has lackluster performance when it comes to 3D gaming. The system managed only 15.2 frames per second (fps) in our Company of Heroes test at 1,280x1,024 (using DirectX 9) and a mere 3.2fps in our Far Cry 2 test at 1,680x1,050 (under DirectX 10).
As long as gaming isn't a priority, the ZT Systems Affinity 7334Ma is a great value with its decent specs, strong performance, and excellent upgrade potential. Our main caveat is that you'll have do some extra work beforehand to get the system ready for any significant upgrades—including investing in a more powerful PSU.
ZT Systems Affinity 7334Ma
Our Verdict: The 7334Ma delivers strong mainstream-app performance and has plenty of upgrade potential, provided you upgrade the power supply.
ComputerShopper may earn affiliate commissions from shopping links included on this page. To find out more, read our complete Terms of Service.
Related Reading
Key Specs
3GHz AMD Phenom II X4 945
1TB hard drive
Integrated ATI Radeon HD 4200
Windows Vista Home Premium (64-bit)
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Dell Precision 5720 All-in-OneRead Our Review
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Dell XPS 27 (Kaby Lake, 2017)Read Our Review
from $2,799.00


text:
Services for entrepreneurs
provided by public and private institutions from Catalonia
Digital information, advice and training services – ICT PointConsell Comarcal de l'Urgell
Knowledge | Training and digital strategy
The ICT Point offers advice on ICT, promotes ICT for economic uses such as online employment, and performs publicity, digital literacy and training tasks. This centre belongs to a network of ICT Points throughout Catalonia that is promoted by the Directorate General of Telecommunications and Information Society of the Government of Catalonia.
This service may be of use to you if ...
you are in the phase of:
Ideation , Creation , Growth and consolidation
Your business is:
Shop or store
Professional services
Ancillary industry and logistics
You are in the sector:
All sectors.
County service, access
Carrer Agoders, 16
25300 Tàrrega
25300 Tàrrega
973 500 707
Consult website
973 500 707
Consult website
Consell Comarcal de l'Urgell
County councils and consortiaGo to file
Collaborator institutions
Generalitat de Catalunya
Other services of the institution
Technical advice and follow-up in creation and consolidation
Consell Comarcal de l'Urgell
Consell Comarcal de l'Urgell
Customized consulting
County service
Business training
Consell Comarcal de l'Urgell
Consell Comarcal de l'Urgell
Training in business management
County service
Information service
Consell Comarcal de l'Urgell
Consell Comarcal de l'Urgell
Information and basic orientation
County service


text:
No one was hurt when an Atlanta-bound Delta jet carrying about 70 passengers ran off the runway Monday morning at Houston's Hobby Airport.
According to KPRC, the plane was turning into the takeoff position when it turned short, running off the runway.
There is no word as to what caused the incident. One passenger claims the pilot blamed a faulty gear mechanism. Aerial photographs showed passengers deboarding the plane and getting onto shuttle busses.
According to airport spokeswoman Darian Ward the incident did not hold up any of the other air traffic arriving or departing. Flight 4302 was schedule to depart at 6:00 am Central time and arrive in Atlanta at 8:39 am Eastern.
Another Delta jet slid off the runway at the Savannah/Hilton Head International Airport on February 19. There were no injuries among the passengers or crew of 125 people. The DC-9 aircraft's front wheel made contact with the grass as it turned onto the taxiway at the end of the runway, and eventually the entire plane was in the grass.
Source: CBS Atlanta


text:
Expand Messages
- Uplifting?
[ Every once in a while we all need something which is uplifting,
encouraging, moving, sustaining. Don't you find that to be so? I
wonder what moved and uplifted ancient people. I wonder what will move
and uplift people in the far distant future. ]
Well, we cannot know what uplifted ancient people, nor people of the far
distant future can we. And albeit that wondering is both fun and
important. I sure used to wonder about so much when I was a kid. But
each of us knows well enough the kind of things that press our own
buttons don't we. But beyond the relativity of individuality and
personal likes and dislikes it does seem to me that there are a few
things which are common to humanity. Things which press all of our
buttons and uplift and sustain all of us collectively. Thus universal
button pressing things. I really don't think that one needs to
mention them for they are obvious to all. Simply reflect on them for
yourself. So, I guess those things pressed ancient buttons just as they
will press future buttons. There are some things which never change.
Call them what you like. But they are constants in life; and all and any
observer in any time will know them. They are among the few things which
unite us all; and time and place notwithstanding. I guess you must have
noticed that when people are uplifted they tend to weep, not laugh. One
ought to wonder about that; and as to why. Tears are shed for sadness
and they are also shed for joy. And into each life a little of both must
fall. It takes the rough edges off us and rounds us off like objects in
space. Strange too as to how round-ish objects in space are either light
emitters or light reflectors. Coincidence eh. So, digest what you learn
and then shed a little light in the darkness.
[Non-text portions of this message have been removed]
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text:
SAN JOSE (ABC NEWS) – Fans were puzzled and some angered after Kanye West interrupted a concert in San Jose to go on a rant about the state of politics in the U.S., praising President-elect Donald Trump and talking about his plans to run for the nation's highest office in 2020.
West dropped the unexpected bombshell in front of thousands of fans at San Jose's SAP Pavilion.
"If I would've voted," West told the audience. "I would have voted on Trump."
The rapper's announcement was met with scattered cheers and boos. Some concert goers can be seen heading for the exits on videos posted to social media.
"That don't mean that I don't think that black lives matter," he continued. "That don't mean I don't believe in women's rights."
"I wanted to say that before the election, but they told me, 'whatever you do, don't say that out loud,'" West added.
The controversial Grammy winner had more than a few words of praise for the president-elect.
"Not only did I not vote, but there were a lot of things I actually liked about Trump's campaign," he said. "His approach was f***ing genius — because it worked."
West also had a blunt message about race relations. "Specifically to black people," he said. "Stop focusing on racism. This world is racist, ok."
During a meandering speech, West also touched on how he wants to run for office in 2020, saying that President Obama, former Republican presidential candidate Ben Carson, as well as Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton and former president Bill Clinton should all be "consultants."