text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 22, 1988
|Filing date
|May 1, 1985
|Priority date
|Dec 23, 1980
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Hans J. Holbein, Thomas Maurer
|Original Assignee
|Gao Gesellschaft Fuer Automation Und Organisation Mbh
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (67), Classifications (34), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 330,890, filed Dec. 14, 1981 now U.S. Pat. No. 4,523,777.
The invention relates to an identification card having information in the form of patterns, letters, numbers and/or images applied by means of a laser beam, and a method of producing same.
Identification cards in the form of credit cards, bank cards, cash payment cards and so on are used increasingly in all kinds of service sectors, cashless payments and within enterprises. Due to their extensive use they are typical mass production items, on the one hand, i.e. their production must be simple and economical; on the other hand they must be designed in such a way that they are protected against forgery and falsification to as great a degree as possible. The many sorts of identification cards already on the market and still in a stage of development testify to the efforts of the relevant industry to optimize these two contradictory conditions.
In particular, it is necessary that the data relating to the card owner which are applied during the so-called personalization of the identification card, be protected in such a way that they cannot be manipulated afterwards. One possibility which has proved very useful in practice is the embedment of a paper inlay designed as a security print in a multilayer card. The paper inlay with its authenticity features such as watermarks, safety threads, steel intaglio printing, etc., known in the production of security paper, meets the highest standards of security and is protected against all kinds of attempted forgery and falsification due to the transparent cover film.
Mainly because of their much simpler and more economical production, all-plastic cards are also used in the identification card sector, in which the identification card data and the general printed pattern are applied to the outer surface of a small plastic card which can have a multilayer construction, if desired. In various embodiments of this type of identification card the user-related data (name, account number, etc.) are impressed into the back of the identification card so as to be in relief on the front. This allows for the transfer of the personalization data onto bills, etc. by means of an ink-ribbon in the various stores.
In spite of the economic advantages of this type of all-plastic identification card, it has turned out to be particularly disadvantageous that the directly accessible printed pattern and the personalization data are relatively unprotected against attempted falsification. The impressed data are, for example, "ironed flat" by a manipulator and then imprinted over with other data. If necessary, the printed pattern can be removed with solvents available everywhere and replaced or added to by another printed pattern.
As no security techniques for all-plastic identification cards are known up to now, which are economically feasible, on the one hand, and can be checked by anyone without any auxiliary means and cannot be imitated by means of readily available devices and materials, on the other hand, the production of total forgeries is usually possible even with the most simple means.
In order to solve this problem of lacking protection against forgery and falsification, all kinds of security features have already been proposed, such as codings embedded inside the identification card that can be "read" by IR light, holographic storage methods, etc. All these techniques, however, have the great disadvantage that they cannot be checked without elaborate auxiliary means and thus are inaccessible to the man on the street.
For the same purpose all-plastic identification cards have also been proposed, in which the photo of the card owner is engraved in a color or film layer which is usually laminated onto the outer surface (published German patent Document No. 22 25 471). The engraving is done by means of a mechanical chisel which scans the surface of the card point by point, thereby producing a sort of screen image. It is obvious that this method requires elaborate mechanics which are liable to break down. The production of this type of identification card is also slow due to the mechanical scanning or engraving point by point, which proves to be very disadvantageous for mass production. A further disadvantage is that the nicks made by the chisel during the engraving of the card, which must necessarily have a certain depth, reduce the stability of the identification card. A high degree of fatigue strength under reversed bending stresses, however, is an indispensible condition for the card, especially for daily use.
In the same connection, all-plastic identification cards have also been proposed in which photographically developed pictures of the user are embedded. This type of card is, however, unsuitable for practical use due to its dependence on the photographic method, which is generally relatively unfavorable for card technology and decentral card production, because it adopts a disadvantage in the production of the identification card with a paper inlay (the application of personalization data--in this case a photo--before completion of the identification card) without being able to utilize the very positive safety aspects of the inlay identification card (security paper inlay, etc.).
Taking the safety and production aspects into account, published German patent Document No. 29 07 004 also discloses an identification card having a card inlay made of paper and a transparent cover film, in which the person-related data are inscribed in the card inlay by means of a laser beam after the cover film has been laminated on. The information can in this case be burned into the inlay, but it can also be present as discoloration of a thermosensitive coating applied to the inlay. This type of card offers a high degree of security against falsification and forgery, as the data are protected by the cover film. As the burning in of the identification card data more or less destroys the structure of the material, on the one hand, and such data must therefore be protected against direct mechanical stress, but the discoloration present in a coating is relatively easy to remove or manipulate, on the other hand, when it is directly accessible, the personalization of identification cards as described above does not appear feasible in the case of identification cards in which the data are directly accessible on the outer surface.
The invention is thus based on the problem of providing an identification card which can be produced easily and economically and still has a high standard of security.
This problem is solved according to the invention in that the identification card has differently colored superjacent layer areas in which the visually recognizable information is formed by at least partial interruptions in the homogeneity of the colored layers.
In a development of the invention the personalization data, in particular pictoral representations, are worked into the multilayer areas in such a way that a multicolor impression is created by the varying degree (depth) of the interruptions in the colored areas.
The interruption of the colored areas is carried out according to the invention by means of a laser recorder. For it has been shown, surprisingly enough, that the energy of a laser beam can be controlled in such a way that selective removal is possible in the case of several superjacent color layers, i.e. the color layers which are only a few μm thick can be removed in shapes which can be precisely limited geometrically. The color layers are virtually vaporized by the energy supplied by the laser beam. When the characteristics of the color layers, in particular the absorptive behavior and the boiling points, are accordingly selected, the removal can be limited to only one color layer at a time, hardly influencing the color tone of the color layer below.
When the melting points of the colorants, their mixability and their absorptive behavior are selected accordingly, and the laser beam is appropriately controlled, it is also possible to make the individual color layers melt, which can either lead to an additive mixture of the individual colors or to a chemical reaction of the colorants with each other or with their environment. However, it must be taken care that the melting or reaction temperature of the colorants is below the temperature to which the card is normally exposed.
The use of micro-capsules filled with a certain catalyst or reactant can also be advantageous in this connection.
The fine removal that can be achieved by means of a laser beam also makes it possible in an advantageous development of the invention to form a colored picture with a dot technique like the ones known, for example, in color television technology. In this case, a red, a green and a blue dot form a so-called color triplet, as is generally known. A certain color mixture which can correspond to almost any color tone in the spectrum becomes visible to the viewer according to whether all three red, blue and green dots or only a part of these three colors are shown.
It can be advantageous, especially in the production of multicolor representations, to cover the various color layers with a neutrally acting upper layer, in order to convey a neutral impression in the places in which no color information is supposed to be present.
The same effect can also be achieved in these places, of course, without this neutral layer, by completely removing the layers right down to the card foundation.
The identification cards according to the invention obviously possess numerous advantages. They are extremely safe in spite of their simple basic construction and cheaper production, which is limited to simple printing techniques as used for usual identification cards. This high level of security is due to the fact that the appearance of the cards is essentially characterized by the laser writing technique, the essential features thus obtained cannot be imitated by other techniques and the presence of these essential features can be checked without auxiliary means. As the technologically very high quality laser recorders that can be used for the personalization of the cards according to the invention are only available in a few places, a high degree of protection against falsification and total forgery results. The layer thicknesses which are in the μm range cannot be removed or influenced in the same way as with laser beams by other techniques of removal such as scraping, etching, etc. On the other hand, the identification cards can only be produced by means of usual techniques when colors having the proper effect are employed. A changeover to the novel cards does not require any basically novel production equipment for the previous card producers. Furthermore, these cards can be personalized decentrally subsequent to the actual production of the identification cards, as can those disclosed in the published German patent Document No. 29 07 004.
Along with the personalization of the identification cards, other data not related to the user can of course also be applied using the method according to the invention. The possibility of achieving multicolor representations with the computer controlled laser beam allows, even in the case of a unified construction of the identification card, for a great range of variation as far as the picture motifs are concerned which can be produced by corresponding changes in the software in an extremely simple manner. The character of the multicolor pictures produced without any photographic developing processes can also be influenced additionally by the arrangement and construction of the color layers printed over each other, in an extremely simple manner.
Finally the possibility of virtually incorporating a certain level of technical effort into the printing inks by means of chemical reactions (color reactions) that can be effectively controlled, allows for an increase in protection against forgery.
As all personalization data are stored on a unified data carrier, no problems occur when assigning data records to each identification card. Such difficulties as these arise, as mentioned above, whenever, for example, a photo must be used as a model in addition to a data carrier containing the person-related data.
As opposed to the necessarily slow mechanical engraving techniques, the high processing speed of the method according to the invention is an advantage which is of especial value for this product, since a great number of cards must often be produced within a very short time.
In the following, some embodiments of the invention are described by way of example on the basis of the adjoined drawings. These show:
FIG. 1 an enlarged cross-section of a first embodiment of the identification card,
FIG. 2 a top view of a section of an identification card produced by the same technique as the identification card as in FIG. 1, and
FIG. 3 an enlarged cross-section of part of the identification card as in a second embodiment.
FIG. 1 shows that three color layers 12,14,16 which are to be red, green and blue are applied to the card carrier 10. The uppermost layer 12 is red, the middle layer 14 is blue and the lowest layer 16 is green. Part of the color layers is vaporized off or removed by an appropriately controlled laser 40 beam 41 which crosses the card linearly. The pattern shown in FIG. 2 results, having the following color distribution. The surface 18 of the card is red corresponding to the uppermost color layer 12. The area 20 appears blue and the area 22 green. The area 24 of the symbol on the right in FIG. 2 is also green; the color layers were removed through to the bottom in the area 26 so that the color of the synthetic body appears. The surface of the synthetic body can be made to start melting and be discolored appropriately in the process according to the energy of the laser beam.
The colors of the individual color layers must be selected in such a way that they have boiling points and/or absorptive behavior differing from each other as much as possible in the spectral range of the laser. Obviously, the lowest layer will have the highest boiling point and/or the least absorptive behavior. The separation of the layers can be carried out without difficulties if the boiling points and/or absorption characteristics differ sufficiently from each other.
The thickness of the layers 12 to 16 has been shown in an exaggerated manner; in reality it is only a few μm. As the laser beam is computer controlled, patterns and picture symbols can be produced which are as complicated as one desires. The simple symbols shown merely serve the purpose of explaining the technique employed better.
As mentioned at the outset, multicolor pictures can be produced by this technique without the use of any photographic developing processes whatsoever.
FIG. 3 shows another embodiment in which the three color layers applied to the card carrier material 10 are melted together in a locally limited area by means of the laser beam. All three color layers were melted together in area 28, which leads to another color mixture.
The color impression of areas 28 and 30 can also be produced by a chemical reaction between the individual color layers melted together. For this purpose micro-capsules filled with a certain catalyst or reactant can be embedded in the color layers.
The micro-capsules burst when acted upon by a certain heat and thus trigger the reaction between the color layers or, for example, between the color layers and the adjacent carrier material and/or the surrounding atmosphere affecting the reaction.
It is also possible in certain cases to arrange a transparent cover film over the color layers. As the laser beam penetrates these layers which are non-absorbant by definition without affecting them in any way, the color reaction can also take place under the cover film or along with the material of the cover film in the case of the embodiment as in FIG. 3.
Any appropriate synthetic can be used as a material for the card carrier; a large range of possibilities is available to the expert for this purpose. Reference is only made in this connection, for example, to the published German patent Document No. 22 25 471 which mentions a number of synthetics appropriate as card carriers.
As explained above, it must be taken care that the absorptive or reflective behavior of the colors is coordinated to the energy supplied by the laser beam. The boiling and melting points of the colors are just as important. The selection of the proper values or colors is, however, no problem for the expert.
Known methods such as the offset and screen printing processes can be used to apply the color layers. If desired, colored synthetic films can also be used, which are laminated onto the card carrier material, instead of color layers.
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 20, 1991
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
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|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Oct 31, 1995
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|Jul 21, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
US Bishops issue statement on economic crisis
The US Catholic bishops have released a statement from their autumn meeting in Baltimore, reminding people that "we are our brothers' and sisters' keepers. We are all in this together."
Cardinal Francis E George of Chicago, the USCCB president, noted that: "hard times can isolate us or they can bring us together."
He said: "As pastors and bishops, we see the many human and moral consequences of this crisis. Though the impact of the crisis is greater in some regions of the country, families all across the nation are losing their homes, workers are losing their jobs and health care coverage, retirement savings are threatened and people are losing the sense of hope and security, it continued.
"But the church will continue to 'reach out to those in need, stand with those who are hurt, and work for policies that bring greater compassion, accountability and justice to economic life."
Bishop Leonard P. Blair of Toledo, Ohio, who proposed the statement, said the impetus for it came out of "the very basic concern we have as pastors" that the economic situation be met with understanding, compassion and a sense of solidarity with one's neighbours."
Parish collections, the annual diocesan charity appeals, the Society of St Vincent de Paul and local food pantries are the kind of help that people have generously supported to help their neighbors in the past and that the bishops hope to encourage with the statement, he said.
The statement noted that Pope Benedict XVI in his message for the 2008 World Day of Peace said families need to have 'a home, employment and a just recognition of the domestic activity of parents, the possibility of schooling for children and basic health care for all.' The Pope, it said, "also insists that society and public policy should be 'committed to assisting the family in these areas."
The bishops concluded by offering prayers for families and individuals, "our sisters and brothers, who are hurting, anxious or discouraged in these difficult times. We also pledge our prayers for our wounded nation and suffering world. We pray that, working together, we can find the courage, wisdom and ways to build an economy of prosperity and greater justice for all."
Source: USCCB

subset: commoncrawl


text:
A Long Absense, Only Vaguely Explained.
(With a fresh crop of elderberries in Wisconsin)
(The dunes at my Godfather's place in Michigan) (Steven's family's place in New Brunswick -- low tide. The light on the cliff to the right is the house) (The wedding in Hudson that I assisted in designing -- magical) All of this to be explained in further detail, along with much anticipated house photos. But really, what have you been up to? Fill me in!
8 comments:
- Sara said...
sleeping bear sand dunes? envious of the water-filled vacations, glad you enjoyed them and shared pics!
- October 5, 2012 at 5:06 PM
- amy merrick said...
- October 6, 2012 at 12:05 AM
- penn said...
Welcome back. What have I been doing? Making corsets (Handmade Corset Company), jam (mainly blackberry), & trying to reclaim my vegetable garden from the encroaching field.
- October 8, 2012 at 3:18 AM
- Nick Heywood said...
Sara -- less illustrious dunes than Sleeping Bear, but truly lovely -- somewhere near Sawyer.
Amy -- you approve? I'm so pleased! I told my friend repeatedly that she should leave the whole thing to you, as honestly your wedding work is the most lovely I've ever seen. Praise from you is big praise indeed. More pictures to follow.
Penn -- how fantastic to have a field, encroaching or not!
- October 8, 2012 at 9:43 AM
- Reggie Darling said...
Those chairs are perfection. So spare and angular. Also, the interior of the Basillica (that's it, right?) with your decorations for the wedding is divine. I think our friend Chris Jones may have been the caterer? Reggie
- October 15, 2012 at 6:35 PM
- Nick Heywood said...
The Basilica indeed -- lovely space. The caterer was Jeffrey Gimmel of Swoon, and the food and service worked out well.
The chairs are from a sale in Ridgefield, CT, and I must tell you that I paid $10 for the pair. I'm no expert, but I'm of the opinion that they are 18th century, and not centenary or 20th cen. They have so many issues (replaced blocks, worm holes, etc), but they definitely make up for it in looks -- and the price was right. They also have museum accession or collection numbers inscribed on cards on the back. Mystery chairs.
- October 15, 2012 at 11:28 PM
- findingfabulous said...
Hey missed you. Looks like some lovely excuses.
- October 23, 2012 at 2:17 PM
I love to spend time in my garden too. It's probably one of the most fun things to do.
-Zane of ontario honey
- December 25, 2012 at 8:26 PM
Post a Comment
Thanks for commenting on Nick Haus! I look forward to seeing what you have to say. Unfortunately, I had to stop taking Anonymous comments -- too much spam, too much vituperative. Come out from behind the curtain, ye nasty Anonymous! Everyone else, please, I love to hear from you.


text:
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Southampton Solent's journalism programme offers a variety of study options which allow you to either deepen your understanding of a specific area or develop a broad understanding of the industry.
Teaching is handled by an academic team with extensive industry experience, including time spent working with major news publications. The teaching team can use this experience to help support students while they look for work placements.
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This intensive one-year top-up programme is ideally suited to students who are qualified at a HND level and would like to upgrade to a full undergraduate honours degree.
Students will graduate with an improved portfolio of published work and will be ready to pursue careers in journalism, PR, radio, broadcasting and marketing.
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The 2018/19 costs are not yet available, but for guidance the 2016/17 costs were:
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Southampton Solent University offers a range of bursaries and scholarships that provide financial assistance or waive fees for tuition or accommodation. Each bursary or scholarship has specific eligibility criteria. Check out our bursaries and scholarships pages to find out more.
Relevant HND/foundation degree pass with Merit Overall (55 per cent)
We welcome applicants from a diverse range of backgrounds. Applicants who are not in possession of the minimum entry requirements but are able to demonstrate aptitude, enthusiasm and motivation will be considered on an individual basis and may be admitted subject to satisfactory interview and/or portfolio. Please contact us for further details.
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The University also offers a pre-sessional English programme for international students who wish to improve their level of English before starting a degree course.
All international applicants need to be aware that the English language requirements to attend Southampton Solent University, and the English language requirements to obtain a visa from the Home Office, may be different. This means that if you meet the Southampton Solent University language requirement to gain a place on the course, you may still have to meet additional requirements to be granted with a visa by the Home Office.
We strongly advise all applicants to visit the Home Office website which outlines all the requirements for a successful visa application and to take a look at this PDF document which outlines both Solent University and Home Office requirements for a number of language tests.
Southampton Solent University's BA (Hons) Journalism (Top Up) course is also designed to equip graduates with the broad range of knowledge required to pursue work in related disciplines. These disciplines include PR, feature writing, marketing, advertising, and media presenting.
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Solent Students' Union - Run by students for students, Solent Students' Union is on hand to offer independent advice and support while you're at university. Visit the Students' Union website for more information.
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Contact our Ask Solent team:
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Nearly all schools and colleges offer their students the facility of applying electronically through the UCAS website using 'Apply'; it may also be used by those applying independently in the UK and overseas. This facility and all course information can be found on the UCAS website: www.ucas.com.
Your application should reach UCAS by January if you hope to enter a course the following autumn. Early application is advised for the most popular subject areas. Late applications may be made until June. The UCAS Code for the University is S30, code name SOLNT.
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The Student Hub is a central space where you can access all of the information and support you need during your time at University.
Professional and experienced staff can help resolve any query, and if they cannot answer the question themselves they will find the person who can.
Professional and experienced staff can help resolve any query, and if they cannot answer the question themselves they will find the person who can.
The university cannot guarantee any particular members of staff will teach specific aspects of the course in the future, but will endeavour to ensure the teaching team maintains their balance of experience and qualifications.
You'll have access to the excellent facilities in our state-of-the-art creative industries media academy, including multi-camera TV studios, eight radio studios, Reuters and Sky news feeds, the latest editing software and a dedicated newsroom.
The curriculum is built around practical insights into the media industry. Previous students have benefitted from access to live client projects and industry guest speakers.
The curriculum is built around practical insights into the media industry. Previous students have benefitted from access to live client projects and industry guest speakers.
The course will equip you with strong journalism and communication skills, and often the contacts to build a career in media and beyond. Graduates will also be well equipped to pursue careers in politics, commercial business, publishing and research.
Suitable roles for graduates include:
As a mature student, I thought long and hard about leaving my job to go to university. I am convinced beyond doubt that I made the right choice.
Susa Dickerson, Graduate
Last month, Amy Sutton, Graduate Assistant within the School of Business, Law and Communications, attended Capital FM's, 'Make some Noise'...
Earlier this month two Solent third-year BA (Hons) TV and Video production students organised and carried out the filming of...
We chat to Kundai Musara, who was successful in gaining a 12-week internship at Hampshire County Council, where he was...
Dr Joel Rookwood's experiences in academia, coaching, development, journalism and travelling have taken him across the globe, visiting 150 countries...
Enhance your career prospects by continuing your study at Solent.
Our next open day is Saturday 25 November 2017


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Recipe of the Week: Summer Oatmeal
I love oatmeal because you can give it any sort of makeover depending on the season. Since we are soRead more
I love oatmeal because you can give it any sort of makeover depending on the season. Since we are soRead more
In preparation for summer, which seems to be on the way (no matter how bipolar the weather in Boston is),Read more
Most people probably haven't heard of the Wonderwerk Cave. An enormous 140-meter long tunnel first excavated in the 1970s, theRead more
After seeing the amazing shape the Boston Marathon runners were in this weekend, it's only natural to want to haveRead more
It was hardly surprising that the conference room in the International Relations building on Bay State Road was packed inRead more
Whether you have a meal plan or not, it's incredibly easy to make a semi-healthy but absolutely delicious pizza snackRead more
For the Center for Career Development, exploring how friends and acquaintances manage their social lives never seemed to be aRead more
For those of us who missed the Girl Scout Cookie season, it's not going to be a problem anymore… atRead more


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In re Davonta V.
Connecticut Supreme Court
285 Conn. 483
February 12, 2008
The fundamental question raised in this interesting appeal of a termination of parental rights is whether it is ever in the child's best interest to terminate his parental rights when an adoptive family has not been secured and the child maintains a good relationship with his extended biological family. The answer, according to the Supreme Court – is that termination was in the child's best interest (in this case), despite the factors noted above.
Davonta's case first reached the Superior Court in 1999, when the Department of Children and Families (Department) commenced a neglect petition alleging educational, medical and physical neglect against Davonta, then a six year old child. After a flurry of activity, the Department sought and received an order of temporary custody in May 2000, and the court adjudicated her neglected in October 2000, whereupon she was committed to the care of the Department and placed in foster care. A petition for termination of parental rights (TPR) followed in December 2002, alleging that Davonta had been denied proper care and attention and that his mother had not achieved personal rehabilitation. After a trial that spanned several months in 2004 and 2005, the court terminated the parents' parental rights on the aforementioned grounds, and determined that the Department had made reasonable efforts to reunify Davonta with her mom pursuant to Conn. Gen. Stat. § 17a-112(j). The appellate court (with a dissenting Judge Schaller) affirmed the termination, and the Supreme Court granted review solely on the issue of whether the trial court correctly applied the appropriate standard of review in the TPR proceeding.
The court based its affirmation on what it considered the overwhelming evidence produced at the trial, including … mom's repeated absences from Davonta's life for long periods of time, her multiple placements in foster care, Davonta's struggle with issues of abandonment and feelings of rejection who remains a "very adoptive child" who "wants to be part of a family." The court seemed to give great credence and afforded significant weight to the evidence demonstrating that his current (as of the trial) foster placement was stable, loving, long-term permanent and supportive, and that he had expressed wishes to remain with them "forever." In addition, Davonta expressed no willingness to either meet with or live with his mother.
The crux of the legal analysis fell on the issue of whether the evidence upon which the trial court relied amounted to a clear an convincing showing by the Department that termination of parental rights was in her best interests given the positive relationship he maintained with his biological family – and that adoption by his loving foster family was not guaranteed. As to the first issue – the court upheld the Appellate Court's holding that the law does not preclude termination of parental rights simply because the adoption of the child is not imminent. Citing a slew of cases affirming the principals that adoption is indeed the preferred outcome, but not a necessary prerequisite for termination, the court would not disturb the trial court's decision based on the foster parent's reluctance to proceed ahead with adoption. See e.g. In Re Romance M., 229 Conn. 356 (1993) (long-term stability critical to a child's future health and development; In re Eden F., 250 Conn. 674 (1999) (adoption provides only one option for obtaining such stability); In re Theresa S., 196 Conn. 18 (1985) (parents' rights can be terminated without an ensuing adoption).
The court addressed the potential impairment of Davonta's relationship with other members of his extended family due to the termination by noting that Davonta's foster parents did not oppose, and in fact, encouraged that he maintain his relationships with his biological family.
Finally, the overriding need for Davonta's permanency, as confirmed by all testimony at the trial, carried the day in terms of what constituted his best interests in terms of permanence and stability. His experiences with disruption and trauma let the court to conclude that permanence and stability were best ensured through termination of parental rights.
This case may be accessed at www.jud.state.ct.us/external/supapp/Cases/AROcr/CR285/285CR35.pdf (JES 3/08)
Filed in Tags: Abuse and Neglect
« Back to Case Library


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Mizushima, N., Sato, S., Ogawa, Y., Yamamoto, T. et al., "Combustion Characteristics and Performance Increase of an LPG-SI Engine with Liquid Fuel Injection System," SAE Technical Paper 2009-01-2785, 2009, https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-2785.
Compared with petroleum fuel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) demonstrates advantages in low CO2 emission because of propane and butane, which are the main components of LPG, making H/C ratio higher. In addition, LPG is suitable for high efficient operation of a spark ignition (SI) engine due to its higher research octane number (RON). Because of these advantages, that is, diversity of energy source and reduction of CO2, in the past several years, LPG vehicles have widely used as the alternate to gasoline vehicles all over the world. Consequently, it is absolutely essential for the performance increase of LPG vehicles to comprehend the combustion characteristics of LPG and to obtain the guideline for engine design and calibration.In this study, an LPG-SI engine was built up by converting fuel supply system of an in-line 4-cylinder gasoline engine, which has 1997 cm3 displacement with MPI system, to LPG liquid fuel injection system [1]. The combustion characteristics of LPG were also investigated by comparing with regular gasoline. In addition, for the purpose of achieving a good balance between improvement of efficiency and maintenance of engine torque and exhaust emissions, the expansion of EGR limit and the increase of compression ratio were tried by making the most of the revealed combustion characteristics of LPG. As for the expansion of EGR limit, experiments were conducted with LPG which contains propane of about 20% in mass as the fuel of LPG-SI engine and regular gasoline for comparison. As for the increase of compression ratio, in addition to aforementioned fuels, experiments were conducted with LPG which contains propane of about 100% in mass.In the results, the rate of heat release from experimental in-cylinder pressure data showed that the combustion rate of LPG was faster than that of gasoline, and this led to expansion of EGR limit by 3 to 5% under partial load condition. Therefore, it was able to achieve a good valance between improvement of efficiency and the reduction of NOx emission. Furthermore, the results showed that margin for knock occurrence of LPG was largely increased under the full load condition, because the antiknock quality of LPG was more excellent than that of regular gasoline. The increased margin for knock occurrence allowed increasing compression ratio from 10, which is a base engine specification, to 12 for LPG25P and 13 for LPG100P. This led to the achievement of a good valance between the improvement of efficiency under the partial load condition and the maintenance of torque performance under the full load condition.


text:
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Table Prices at Aura Mayfair (From Tuesday through Sunday):
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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] In an elite private school four students form a clique in secret. Gather outside the school to gamble and drink, trying to escape his gilded cage. Their games are becoming more violent and soon turn against the weakest of the group. You can watch Teenage Angst online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in German at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2008.
Rating: 5 by 299 users./
Runtime: 64 minutes
Franz Dinda, Niklas Kohrt, Janusz Kocaj, Michael Ginsburg, Michael Schweighöfer, Stephanie Schönfeld and Kerstin De Ahna.
64-minute film (full movie) directed by Thomas Stuber.
The original audio of Teenage Angst has dialogues in or German, it was produced in Germany.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2008.
Screenplay written by Andrea Kuhn and Holger Jäckle.
Peter Matjasko.
Franz Dinda, Christian Angermayer, Thomas Stuber, M. Reza Bahar and Sinje Gebauer.
This film was produced and / or financed by Gifted Films and Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg.
Composed by Matthias Klein.
Picture This! Entertainment and Arte.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Teenage Angst has a duration of 64 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in English or German in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Teenage Angst in FULLTV Movies.


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text: Gawlinski, a cardiovascular clinical nurse specialist since 1979, has since 2002 served as the first director of evidence-based practice at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center and adjunct professor at the UCLA School of Nursing. In the former capacity, she has developed and implemented an infrastructure that supports research and evidence-based practice initiatives in the Department of Nursing. Her work in mentoring staff nurses, advanced practice nurses and clinical and administrative leaders has helped clinicians apply research findings in day-to-day practice situations to improve patient outcomes. Gawlinski's own research focuses on accurate measurement of hemodynamic and oxygenation variables, as well as the associated clinical outcomes when using various methods of measurement in advanced heart failure patients. Gawlinski is also known for her collaborative work with cardiologists for improving care of patients with acute myocardial infarctions and acute coronary artery syndromes. In her role as an adjunct professor, Gawlinski teaches students in training to become clinical nurse specialists who work with medical center clinical nurse specialists on research based practice changes at the hospital.


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Brighter Day Ministries held their 10th Annual Community Day Festival and Back to School Jam Saturday August 20, 2011. The event was held in the parking lot of Giant on Alabama Avenue and was the last Saturday before D.C. children went back to school.
The jam was completely free, offering free backpacks with school supplies inside, lunch for the entire family, haircuts and hairstyles for the school children and entertainment for everyone!
Many parents were very appreciative of the services the community day offered. Ward 7 resident and Grandmother Shirley Plight said that she was glad this was for the community. She brought her three grandchildren with her to the event and said they were very excited because they were able to see many of their peers and have a good time. One of her grandchildren, LaVell Wesson said he's ready to go back to school. "I used to hate school, but now I'm ready to go back." LaVell will be an 8th grader this fall at Ron Brown Middle School.
The event was well attended with many families showing up early to register for the free supplies. Vendor booths were also set up during the event that offered various ministry services from Brighter Day, free training and development classes, small business assistance and there was a free HIV/AIDS health screening. Kids were also able to go to a coloring station and make pictures to give to their parents.
One Brighter Day church member, Sister Bertha Henvis said, "It feels good to be out here helping the community." She has been a member of the church since 1943 and has seen the back to school jam grow each year. Another member, LaShawn Calloway also said she is proud of the event. "When it first started, this give-a-way was only for church members and now we've extended it to the community."
And the need continues to grow. This year was one of the biggest years for the event with well over 800 people in attendance. Senior Pastor of Brighter Day Ministries, Reverend Lyles said, "Last year we gave out 800 backpacks and this year we increased it to 1,000. There is a major need for an event like this in this community and we are just so happy God has blessed us with the materials to provide for those in need."
Henson Ridge resident Na-ja Sharpe brought her four children along with a niece and nephew. "I was able to get the kids out of the house today and spend quality time with them", she said. Two of her children got haircuts while the others enjoyed various rounds jumping in the jungle gym that was set up on the parking lot.


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On May 8, Indiana Republicans will determine the fate of their longtime standard-bearer in the Senate, Dick Lugar. His opponent, state treasurer Richard Mourdock, is only seven points behind in the latest Howey/DePauw University poll, 42–35. Lugar's showing below 50 percent suggests that Mourdock has a real chance to pull off an upset victory. Here are the three factors that could put Mourdock over the top.
Mourdock's debate performance
The consensus among those who watched the sole debate between Lugar and Mourdock on April 11 was that, in the words of Politico's David Catanese, it was "devoid of a clear knockout punch." Mourdock dinged Lugar on a few points — his support for the ethanol mandate, the DREAM Act, and the New START treaty — but both candidates were civil, and the debate ended essentially in a draw.
But each candidate faced his own challenge going into the debate, argues Jim Bopp, Republican national committeeman for Indiana. Mourdock, whom Bopp supports, had to "demonstrate that he [had] both the knowledge and the intellect to deal with the problems that we are facing." And on that score, Mourdock delivered. He made no gaffes, and the one line his opponents have culled from the exchange (his admission that his budget proposal "is rudimentary") doesn't seem particularly potent.
Lugar, on the other hand, had to assuage voters worried about his age, Bopp says. In that, Lugar succeeded. Even Bopp admits the senior senator is "intelligent and experienced — someone who's been there 35 years and learned quite a bit about the issues of the day." But the fact that their exchange was a draw suggests to voters that Mourdock is a credible challenger.
The ground game
When Rick Santorum dropped out of the presidential race, Mourdock told Politico that the "timing couldn't be better." "The real grassroots politics, the ones that motivate people, were the ones that were out there more for Santorum," he argued. "They're still going to be motivated, they're still going to get out and vote but I don't know that Romney's folks" — in other words, Lugar's folks — "will."
Mourdock is not alone in his understanding of where his support comes from. "He is very strong with the grassroots folks," says Dee Dee Benkie, Republican national committeewoman for the Hoosier State and a Mourdock supporter. Not only do both national committee members support Mourdock, but so do three-fourths of all county GOP chairmen. And the state treasurer is putting these troops to work.
"We've had over 3,000 people sign up to be volunteers — that is a veritable army," Mourdock tells National Review Online. "We've been making phone calls, doing door-to-doors since October." Although he couldn't provide a specific number, Mourdock guesses that his campaign has contacted "hundreds of thousands" of voters. "It is going to make, I believe, all the difference."
Not that Lugar is unorganized. His spokesman Andy Fisher tells NRO that Lugar's campaign has recruited 700 volunteers and made 1.1 million phone calls to Hoosier voters so far. When Fisher himself volunteered to make calls to undecided voters one afternoon, he kept a tally of the responses, which were 54 percent for Lugar, 20 percent for Mourdock, and 26 percent undecided. Fisher also notes that the campaign has coordinators in all 92 counties.
With over $2.5 million in cash on hand, Lugar has more financial resources than Mourdock, who has a mere $430,000. Lugar has been on the airwaves since January; Mourdock, for about a month. Accordingly, Mourdock has failed to catch up with Lugar's nearly universal name recognition. Forty percent of Republicans have no opinion of Mourdock and 17 percent have never heard of him.
But outside groups supporting Mourdock, including the Club for Growth, the National Rifle Association, and FreedomWorks, have filled the advertising gap. According to Nuvo, an Indiana newspaper, "independent groups and so-called super PACs have spent roughly $500,000 either supporting Mourdock or opposing Lugar in this year's Senate race." Meanwhile, "similar groups supporting Lugar or opposing Mourdock have spent only about $50,000." Recently, the American Action Network has blunted Mourdock's edge on this score with a $590,000 ad buy in behalf of Lugar, but the insurgent's campaign will be able to wage a good fight.
With outside groups keeping the ad wars competitive, a motivated base gearing up to turn out in droves, and enough of a reputation to assure voters that, as Mourdock likes to say, he's "capable, competent, and conservative," the state treasurer just might beat Lugar on May 8.
— Brian Bolduc is an editorial associate for National Review.


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text:
History of Madison Township, Including Groveport and Canal Winchester, Franklin County, Ohio
G. F. Bareis, 1902 - Canal Winchester (Ohio) - 515 pages
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History of Madison Township, Including Groveport and Canal Winchester ...
George Frederick Bareis
No preview available - 2015
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acres Adam aged Algire Alspach appointed April Bareis Bartlit Bowman brick Brown building canal Canal Winchester Carty Champe Chas church Columbus corner Courtright Daniel daughter David Decker Dibble died Dildine Edward elected Eliza Elizabeth erected Fairfield county February Frank Franklin county Gayman George Graveyard Groom Grove Groveport Hamler Heffly held Hendren Henry Hische Isaac Jacob James Jeremiah White John Chaney John F John Helpman John Kissel Jonathan Watson Joseph Kalb Kile Kissel Kramer Lancaster Lehman Lithopolis Madison Township Mary meeting mill Miller Miss months Moore Moses Needels Ohio pastor Peter Pheba Philip Game Pontius Powell Rarey resigned Robt Rohr Samuel Samuel Leigh Samuel Sharp Sarah Sarber Schoch school house Schrock Senter Seymour Sharp Smith Steman Stevenson Swisher Tallman Taylor Thomas Thompson Thos town Tussing Waterloo street Whitehurst wife of John William Winchester Wright Zarbaugh Zinn
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Page 430 - Finish, then, Thy new creation; Pure and spotless let us be: Let us see Thy great salvation Perfectly restored in Thee; Changed from glory into glory, Till in heaven we take our place, Till we cast our crowns before Thee, Lost in wonder, love, and praise.
Page 410 - We piled with care our nightly stack Of wood against the chimney-back,— The oaken log, green, huge, and thick, And on its top the stout back-stick; The knotty forestick laid apart, And filled between with curious art The ragged brush; then hovering near, We watched the first red blaze appear, Heard the sharp crackle, caught the gleam On whitewashed wall and sagging beam, Until the old, rude-furnished room Burst, flower-like, into rosy bloom...
Page 230 - One day through the primeval wood a calf walked home as good calves should; but made a trail all bent askew, a crooked trail as all calves do. Since then three hundred years have fled, and I infer the calf is dead.
Page 22 - I hear the tread of pioneers Of nations yet to be ; The first low wash of waves, where soon Shall roll a human sea.
Page 230 - This forest path became a lane, That bent and turned, and turned again; This crooked lane became a road, Where many a poor horse with his load Toiled on beneath the burning sun, And travelled some three miles in one. And thus a century and a half They trod the footsteps of that calf.
Page 230 - Since then two hundred years have fled, And, I infer, the calf is dead. But still he left behind his trail, And thereby hangs my moral tale. The trail was taken up next day By a lone dog that passed that way; And then a wise bell-wether sheep Pursued the trail o'er vale and steep. And drew the flock...
Page 230 - And then a wise bellwether sheep Pursued the trail o'er vale and steep, And drew the flock behind him, too, As good bellwethers always do. And from that day o'er hill and glade, Through those old woods a path was made; And many men wound in and out, And dodged and turned and bent about, And uttered words of righteous wrath Because 'twas such a crooked path. But still they followed, do not laugh, The first migrations of that calf; And through this winding woodway stalked Because he wobbled when he...
Page 338 - WHY do we mourn departing friends, Or shake at death's alarms? 'Tis but the voice that Jesus sends To call them to his arms.
Page 428 - FRIEND after friend departs : Who hath not lost a friend ? There is no union here of hearts, That finds not here an end : Were this frail world our only rest, Living or dying, none were blest.
Page 337 - Thou in whose presence my soul takes delight, On whom in affliction I call ; My comfort by day, and my song in the night, My hope, my salvation, my all.


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Sonya Peres, Israel's Backstage First Lady, Passes Away at 87
Sonya Peres, President Shimon Peres' wife of 67 years, died yesterday, at the age of 87, in her north Tel Aviv home.
Peres is survived by her husband, their three children, Tzvia, Yonatan, and Hemi, eight grandchildren and two great-grandchildren.
Her son-in-law and physician, Dr. Raphael Walden, told Israel Radio she died peacefully in her sleep.
Sonya and Shimon Peres' love and friendship became a symbol over the years. But in the past two decades their ways parted, and when he was elected president, she stayed in their Ramat Aviv apartment, refusing to join him at the President's Residence in Jerusalem.
An extremely private person, she shunned the limelight and rarely appeared in public, consistently refusing to give interviews. In recent years, she reportedly gave up the name Peres and took the surname Gel, an abbreviation of her maiden name. Shortly before Peres became president in 2007, Sonya was briefly hospitalized for a heart condition, but otherwise was not known to be ill.
Born in the Ukraine in 1923, Sonya Gelman made aliyah to Palestine with her family at the age of four. They moved to the Ben Shemen youth village, where she met her future husband.
"Sonya captivated his heart with her beauty, but also with the simplicity, warmth and sincerity she radiated," Michael Bar Zohar wrote in his biography of Peres:
"He overcame his shyness and started talking to her. She used to visit him at the outpost where he guarded at night, and he tried to impress her by reading literary texts to her in the moonlight."
During World War II, Sonya Peres volunteered to serve in the British Army and fight against the Germans. When she returned to Israel after the war, in 1945, she joined Kibbutz Alumot, of which Shimon Peres was one of the founders, and the two were wed.
At first, she played the role of a politician's wife. In the '60s, she drove her husband to political gatherings throughout the country and even sewed curtains for Rafi, the party that split off from Mapai. Those curtains decorated the party's Tel Aviv branch on Hayarkon Street. When Shimon Peres joined the cabinet in 1969, she played the "minister's wife." But over the years she took on a backstage role in her husband's six-decade political career.
After Labor's defeat in the 1981 elections, some say Sonya's inconspicuousness during the campaign was significant: "Her absence at his side caused him severe political damage," Bar Zohar wrote. "Her charming personality would have undoubtedly added another dimension to her husband, and instead of the slightly sad, lonely man, many would have seen a loving and warm couple."
When Peres was elected prime minister in 1984, Sonya withdrew from all political activity and did not join her husband on official trips abroad.
One of Sonya Peres' last public appearances was in April 1990, when she attended the somewhat awkward swearing in of the government then constructed by her husband. She sat in the VIP section, looking on as the Haredi factions sabotaged the cabinet's formation, leading to the meeting's eventual dispersal.
Once, when why she chose to stay out of the public eye, Sonya Peres said:" I married a dairy farmer."
Before he was sworn in as president in 2007, Shimon Peres told her on the phone: "Sonya, you'll have to get used to my changing jobs again. I was a dairy farmer, also worked in the fields, but today there's no demand for dairy farmers."
Speaking in the Knesset after being sworn-in as president, Peres spoke of her as "the love of my life" and said her heart disease "revealed to me how much I love her."
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Difference between revisions of "OpenVisionScience"
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6. Ian Thornton, [http://www.slideshare.net/imthornton/academic-apps Exploiting modern technology in making experiments: the academic app store]
6. Ian Thornton, [http://www.slideshare.net/imthornton/academic-apps Exploiting modern technology in making experiments: the academic app store]
=Ways to take action=
=Ways to take action=
Revision as of 22:30, 19 September 2012
This site provides information and resources regarding open science for vision scientists. From past and future events, to open source software options, to open access publishers, to data and code sharing solutions and the politics and policy that shapes the type of science that we do, this site is intended to provide a broad resource to those interested in making vision science a more open science.
These videos provide a useful introduction to some of the issues surronding the need and potential for open science, you might also find them useful resources to introduce your students to these issues and problems.
- Amusing video Scientist Meets Publisher satirizes the current situation with closed journal publishing
- Inspiring video Michael Nielsen - Open Science setting out a very different vision for how to do science.
Open source software options
Statistics R, for an open source integrated development environment see R studio.
Experiment construction PsychoPy.
Reference Management with Zotero, you can find a guide to using it here
For a more in depth discussion of open science software options for the whole process of running an experiment see the blog by Jonas Kubilius doing-science-in-the-open
Publishing Options
We all hope for an open system of science in which:
- Journal articles are inexpensive or free.
- Peer review is fair and efficient.
- Experiments can be fully replicated by anyone.
Achieving these goals is more feasible than ever, but most publishers, journals, and researchers have made few changes to the way they do business.
Fully open access journals in Vision Science: Journal of Vision, i-Perception.
Peer review Options
Blog from, Nikolaus Kriegeskorte, Open post-publication peer review
Publication from, Dwight Kravitz, "Toward a new model of scientific publishing: discussion and a proposal"
Policy and politics for open science
Chris Chambers and Petroc Sumner Replication is the only solution to scientific fraud "If academia is to be cleaned up, the Research Excellence Framework must prize replication over politics"
Future Events
Past Events
Slides from Symposium, a vision for open science:
1. Lee de-Wit, Does rewarding that which is easy to measure lead to better science?
2. Nick Scott-Samuel, Why have so many academics decided to boycott Elsevier?
3. Amye Kenall,Open access and author-owned copyright
4. Deborah Anthorp, Publication bias, the File Drawer Problem, and how innovative publication models can help
5. Jonathan Peirce, http://www.slideshare.net/peircej/opensource-your-science
6. Ian Thornton, Exploiting modern technology in making experiments: the academic app store
Woolcock Institute 2012
1. Alex Holcombe The broadest problem in science: Our publishing system
1. Alex Holcombe Moving towards inexpensive and open publishing
For more information on the VSS event, go to: OpenVisionScienceVSS
Ways to take action
Sign the cost of knowledge petition were over 12000 researchers are refusing to review, edit, and/or publish with Elsevier. Vision researchers spotted on the list include George Lovell, Jon Pierce, Edward Adelson, Alex Holcombe (who is only partially boycotting, and also made a pledge at OpenAccessPledge), Deborah Aphtorp, Joan Lopez-Moliner, Rainer Mausfeld, Nick Scott-Samuel, Michel Treisman,
Continue the discussion
At the Google Group, and on CVnet.
Or on Twitter: #OpenVisionSci, @openscience, @costofknowledge, @ceptional, @i_Perception, @michael_nielson


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When You Speak—You are the Company!
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The right speech—at the right time—in the right place—to the right people—can and will change your life—and the life of your company FOREVER!
When you speak—in the mind of your audience— you are the company. That's why it is absolutely critical to develop and establish "your best presence" while delivering your most successful message. Whenever a speech is developed, there are a lot of different criteria that must be organized and coordinated. Often people think of developing and delivering a speech as a " juggling act" when in reality it must be a completely organized and well-orchestrated event.
Linda K Porlier, Speechwriter, Speech Consultant and Speech Coach is a 25 year veteran as a communication expert and experienced international speaker. She has also authored four books. The most current printing is: Follow Your Heart—Book I: Finding Your Rhythm.
Author, Speaker, Speechwriter, Consultant and Coach, Linda Porlier, will help you become the success you choose to be. Whether she is speaking to your organization, writing your speech; revamping your introduction so that it sells you as the product; consulting for your company; or coaching you to become a polished and successful speaker—she is the right person.
Often, people think that giving a presentation is just a matter of imparting information to the audience. Linda K will consult and coach with you and show you that is not the case. It is much more!
Speechwriting and presentation skills are an art. It takes an expert—someone who has the education coupled with the "wisdom of experience" to bring about the necessary changes to "knock the socks off" and increase your bottom line. As a 25 year veteran in the communication arena, Linda K has come to realize that the reason people and companies "get stuck" is because they keep doing things the same way. Change is the keynote to progress. By presenting your product, your service and yourself in new, exciting and professional ways, you will change your life and the life of your company—forever!
To learn more please contact Linda K by phone or on her Contact Page.


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A national shortage in skilled construction workers means LCTI students are in high demand.
Students are recognized for outstanding effort, improvement, achievement or leadership.
Check out video of the Parkland senior demonstrating his skill in Computer & Networking Technology.
Students who select this CTE program go on to become floral designers, greenhouse managers, foresters and more.
Stack spent an afternoon touring LCTI and learning about how the school prepares students for success in college and their careers.
Schnecksville, PA


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|CULRC leads OULRC (Photo: © Iain Weir)
The first two races down the course were the Intercollegiate Men's and Women's races which were added to the race programme for the first time last year. With Downing, Cambridge's fastest women's crew, unable to attend, Emmanuel took up the challenge of Pembroke College Ox. but were unable to match the pace of a crew which contained both Natalie Redgrave and Brianna Stubbs, both of whom were members of last year's winning Oxford Blue Boat. Pembroke crossed the line with well over a length of clear water separating the crews and having never been bothered by Emmanuel.
In the men's Intercollegiate race Gonville & Caius of Cambridge took on Pembroke, Oxford. Just a week before the Henley Boat Races the two colleges raced each other–and 400 other crews from around Britain–in the Eights Head of the River Race in London. While Pembroke rowed their way to an impressive 42nd place in the head, Caius struggled to 73rd following various crew changes and reshuffles. On the morning of the Henley races, it was seen that Caius had reshuffled again - moving their Eights' Head stroke-man to the bow seat - and general opinion along the course on was that Pembroke were going to walk it. Caius had other ideas and threw everything into the first 500m of the shortened course which ran to Remenham Farm. They quickly established a lead over Pembroke and passed the halfway marker just over three-quarters of a length in front. However, their Fly-and-die race plan saw them tiring in the closing couple of hundred meters as Pembroke wound it up for the finish, taking a seat back every couple of strokes. Had it been a full course, Pembroke would surely have overhauled the deficit, but Caius held on to win by just under half a length to defend their Intercollegiate win from last year.
The first controversy of the day came in the women's reserves' race in which the lead changed hands several times. Blondie (Cam reserves) were the faster crew off the stake boats, but were pulled back by Osiris (Ox reserves) who then moved to a length advantage as they passed the halfway marker. The Osiris crew then tried to close the door but Blondie went for a huge push which pulled back a quarter length and they continued to move. Both crews were well over towards the Bucks station and a clash seemed inevitable; race umpire Matthew Pinsent started using his flag. With crews overlapping, Osiris were warned for their steering when a clash caused the Blondie two seat to lose her blade and catch a boat-stopping crab. Osiris raced away to an unassailable lead and crossed the line first, but there was little celebration from the Oxford crew as they awaited the umpire's decision following the clash. In last year's reserves race Osiris were disqualified in a similar incident, but on this occasion the race umpire did not feel that a similar response was required, giving the race to Oxford.
Both of the women's lightweight crews moved off the start striking over forty strokes per minute, but it was the dark blue crew who showed greater composure as they moved ahead. Both crews rowed with great technical skill, but the dark blues took a well deserved win, outclassing their Cambridge rivals along the whole course. Indeed, while the Oxford women's reserves crossed the line in 6:57, the Oxford lightweights showed even greater speed to finish in a time of 6:48.
As the Cambridge ladies' first crew lined up on the stakeboats they knew that they were facing a dark blue clean-sweep. However, they also knew that they had recently beaten Oxford at the Women's Head of the River Race in London by 26 seconds - a margin which was reduced by the fact that during that race, Cambridge had suffered a boat-stopping crab. As the crews fired off the start, and Cambridge took an early lead, the race commentator Robert Treharne-Jones described the light blues' as "imperious." Cambridge continued to walk ahead opening a length of clear water as they passed through Fawley. They say that bad things come in threes and Cambridge decided to make the race a little more exciting by catching another boat-stopping crab with just 300m to go. As the Cambridge two-seat Caroline Reid was nearly pulled out of the boat, bow-seat Sarah Moir-Porteous reached forwards and wrestled the blade clear of the water. With Oxford drawing level it was a breathless, straight-sprint to the line - Cambridge crossing it just a canvas ahead.
The final race of the day saw the men's lightweight crews race down the course with Cambridge walking away from Oxford in much the same manner as the women had done half an hour before. Trailing by half a length the dark blues were looking tired and heavy as Cambridge wound it up for the finish and stretched their lead further. While there was no crab in the final couple of hundred meters, Oxford were given reason for complaint when the Cambridge cox steered across them with a lead of only three-quarters of a length, causing a clash. Cambridge crossed the line first, but again, there was a tense silence along the length of the course as the spectators strained to see which flag the umpire would raise. It was a messy end to the race and the race umpire felt that Cambridge were at fault, but that the clash did not ultimately affect the outcome of the race. A white flag was raised and Cambridge declared the winners.
As the most successful club, Cambridge also took home the Victor Ludorum, the Francombe Cup. All crews will return to Henley for the next two years until 2015 when the women's 1st VIII race will move to the Tideway's Championship Course for the first time.
-Tom Copeland
For more from Tom Copeland, please visit his insightful blog, Inner Rowing, and for an outstanding gallery of images from the 2012 Henley Boat Races, please follow the link below:


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