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There are few well-known non-government or privet bank in Bangladesh. The trust bank is one of them. They always try to provide better service to their client at more than 60 different brunches. For a reason, the company decides to appoint few officer and trainer. At the same token, they published job criteria and circular of trust bank on newspaper. In this article, we are going to discuss the trust bank job circular apply and another minimum requirement to the application.
Trust bank job circular and minimum requirement for application
According to the past four-year history, the bank (trust bank) release their job circular on February and the appointing was over before March. Most of the time they post their circular for Manager Trainee Officer (MTO) post. Here I give minimum quality to apply for the job.
- Education background: Minimum GPA-5.0 on both board exam (SSC and HSC). Diploma is not graded. Four years lengthy Masters Course and minimum CGPA- 3.00 out of 4 are needed.
- Age and nationality: The age of the candidate must be less than 30 years. And none of non-Bangladeshi can apply for trust bank job. Student of Masters is also unable to apply here.
- Important papers to interview: candidate must be carried few papers when he has invited for the job interview. Two copy passport size photo, mark sheet of SSC and HSC, certificate of masters.
- Offered salary: The trust bank authority will offer to their MTO officer 41,000 taka at starting time. And the salary will increase in future after his show her productivity for the bank. MTO is a first class officer of this bank, and he can enjoy all kind of facility.
Procedure to application for trust bank job:
Simple procedure. At the season of appointment, the bank will publish a form on online. The form will be linked with trust bank job circular detail. Check our website regular to get the faster update of the circular.
So, fill up the form with a validate email and newly captured image. After reviewing your online application, the interview board will call you to meet with them. After the meeting, if they think that you are the perfect one for the post, then they will appoint you. In the meantime, you can check the Shonali bank job circular here.


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Thresh Build Guide by King Konrad
This build has been archived and is for historical display only.
PLEASE NOTE: This build has been archived by the author. They are no longer supporting nor updating this build and it may have become outdated. As such, voting and commenting have been disabled and it no longer appears in regular search results.
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Thresh Build
Flask start
Boots start
First time back
Choose your boots( Enchants if you wish)
Raw damage
If you are falling behind
How I usually run Thresh
Should be considered core
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
Quick Introduction
Since I haven't seen any AP build around moba I decided to share my building order for AP Thresh.
Note: I was inspired by Pawnce when he played AP thresh in the PBE( Video below)
Closing comments
I'm still experimenting some items and build orders to see what fit betters with him so any constructive comment would be more than appreciated. If you want to ask anything leave a comment and I will try to reply. Stay tunned for uptades.

subset: commoncrawl


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British Basketball feel confident after presenting their appeal to UK Sport
British Basketball have said they feel "confident and optimistic" after presenting their appeal against funding cuts.
Last Updated: 30/01/13 5:44pm
It was announced last month that basketball would receive no money in the lead up to the 2016 Rio Olympics, after being awarded £8.6m ahead of the London Games.
After presenting their appeal to UK Sport on Wednesday, British Basketball chairman Roger Moreland said: "We would like to thank the board of UK Sport for giving us this opportunity to present our case.
"We have believed all along that we have a strong and compelling case for basketball and we are grateful for all the fantastic support we have received so far.
"We will wait to hear from UK Sport before making a decision about a formal appeal but we feel confident and optimistic about the outcome after today's presentation."
Since the funding announcement British Basketball has received widespread support, with the likes of Sir Clive Woodward, NBA commissioner David Stern and Patrick Baumann, head of world governing body FIBA, speaking out on their behalf.
This week, NBA All-Star and Great Britain international Luol Deng wrote to Prime Minster David Cameron to protest against the funding cut, while an online petition on the government's website is nearing 13,000 signatures.


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In studies looking at individual polyploid species, the most common patterns of genomic change are that either genome size in the polyploid is additive (i.e. the sum of parental genome donors) or there is evidence of genome downsizing. Reports showing an increase in genome size are rare. In a large-scale analysis of 3008 species, genome downsizing was shown to be a widespread biological response to polyploidy. Polyploidy in the genus Nicotiana (Solanaceae) is common with approx. 40 % of the approx. 75 species being allotetraploid. Recent advances in understanding phylogenetic relationships of Nicotiana species and dating polyploid formation enable a temporal dimension to be added to the analysis of genome size evolution in these polyploids.
Genome sizes were measured in 18 species of Nicotiana (nine diploids and nine polyploids) ranging in age from <200 000 years to approx. 4·5 Myr old, to determine the direction and extent of genome size change following polyploidy. These data were combined with data from genomic in situ hybridization and increasing amounts of information on sequence composition in Nicotiana to provide insights into the molecular basis of genome size changes.
By comparing the expected genome size of the polyploid (based on summing the genome size of species identified as either a parent or most closely related to the diploid progenitors) with the observed genome size, four polyploids showed genome downsizing and five showed increases. There was no discernable pattern in the direction of genome size change with age of polyploids, although with increasing age the amount of genome size change increased. In older polyploids (approx. 4·5 million years old) the increase in genome size was associated with loss of detectable genomic in situ hybridization signal, whereas some hybridization signal was still detected in species exhibiting genome downsizing. The possible significance of these results is discussed.
The genus Nicotiana, comprising approx. 75 species, displays a range of genomic changes including gene conversion, tandem and dispersed sequence evolution, intergenomic translocations, dysploidy, polyploidy, etc. (Kenton et al., 1993; Matzke et al., 2004; Melayah et al., 2004; Dadejova et al., 2007; Lim et al., 2007; Kovarik et al., 2008). Given the increasingly robust phylogenetic framework now available (Chase et al., 2003; Clarkson et al., 2004, 2005), Nicotiana is thus ideally suited to study patterns of genome evolution.
Polyploidy is common in the genus, with approx. 40 % of species being allotetraploid. They comprise (a) N. tabacum (section Nicotianae), (b) N. rustica (section Rusticae), (c) N. arentsii (section Undulatae), (d) N. clevelandii and N. quadrivalvis (section Polydicliae), (e) N. nudicaulis, N. repanda, N. nesophila and N. stocktonii (section Repandae) and (f) all approx. 23 species in section Suaveolentes. All polyploids, except some of those in section Suaveolentes, are 2n = 4x = 48, representing a doubling of the diploid chromosome number for the genus (2n = 2x = 24). In section Suaveolentes, polyploid evolution has been accompanied by changes in chromosome number, probably through dysploid reductions via chromosome deletions or fusions (2n ranges from 32 to 48).
Based on cytological and floral morphology, combined with sequence data from plastid and nuclear genes (Goodspeed, 1954; Aoki and Ito, 2000; Chase et al., 2003; Clarkson et al., 2004), the likely parentage of nearly all allotetraploid species has now been determined, together with estimates of their ages based on combining molecular clock analysis and calibration with the ages of oceanic volcanic islands (Clarkson et al., 2005; Kovarik et al., 2008) (Fig. 1). These data show that the polyploid species range considerably in age. The youngest (N. tabacum, N. rustica and N. arentsii) are each estimated to have arisen <200 000 years ago, followed by the two species in section Polydicliae, which are approx. 1 million years (Myr) old, and the five species in section Repandae, which are approx. 4·5 Myr old (Clarkson et al., 2005). The oldest polyploids, in section Suaveolentes, are considered to have originated from a single polyploid event >10 Myr ago, followed by speciation to produce the approx. 23 species known today.
Nicotiana polyploids not only vary in age but also in the relatedness of the parental species contributing genomes to the polyploid nucleus. For example, N. arentsii is an intrasectional polyploid, the hybrids and diploid progenitors all belonging to section Undulatae. In N. rustica (section Rusticae) the parental species are in closely related sections (Paniculatae and Undulatae) (Clarkson et al., 2004; Kovarik et al., 2008). In contrast, the diploid species giving rise to N. tabacum and polyploids in section Repandae, Polydicliae and Suaveolentes are from distantly related sections (Figs 1 and and22).
Insights into contrasting patterns of molecular evolution in Nicotiana polyploids have been gained through the study of natural and synthetic species. These have involved analysing both specific DNA sequences [e.g. ribosomal DNA (rDNA), non-coding tandem repeats and retrotransposons] and global genome organization using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) [including genomic in situ hybridization (GISH); Kovarik et al., 1996, 2004; Chase et al., 2003; Lim et al., 2004, 2005, 2006b, 2007; Clarkson et al., 2005; Skalicka et al., 2005; Petit et al., 2007]. Such studies have shown that allopolyploidy in Nicotiana has been accompanied by numerous genetic changes including (depending on the polyploid species in question) rDNA homogenization and loss of loci (Matyasek et al., 2003; Kovarik et al., 2004; Clarkson et al., 2005), intergenomic translocations (Kenton et al., 1993; Chase et al., 2003; Lim et al., 2004) and changes in copy number and organization of both tandem and dispersed repeats (Melayah et al., 2004; Petit et al., 2007). By combining these data with the known ages of the polyploids, a temporal perspective on polyploidy evolution has been obtained. Lim et al. (2007) showed that during early evolution of Nicotiana polyploids (i.e. those <200 000 years old) intergenomic translocations and rearrangement and loss of repeated DNA sequences may take place. Over the next 1–2 Myr, considerable exchange of repeats between the parental genomes becomes apparent, and by 5 Myr there can be near complete genomic turnover including evolution of new repeats not present in the parental species.
Studies of genome size evolution in polyploids in a diverse range of angiosperms have been conducted at a number of levels. For specific polyploid species, there are many reports showing no change or a decrease in DNA amount relative to the proposed progenitor species (see review in Leitch and Bennett, 2004); those showing an increase are much rarer but include a few naturally occurring species of Hordeum (Jakob et al., 2004) and artificially induced dihaploids of Nicotiana (Dhillon et al., 1983). At the other end of the spectrum, large-scale analyses combining available genome size data for 3008 angiosperms have led to the proposal that genome downsizing is a widespread biological response to polyploidization leading to diploidization of the polyploid genome (Leitch and Bennett, 2004). Such conclusions have been supported by comparative molecular studies. For example, nearly 80 % of the duplicated genes have been lost from rice (Oryza sativa) since the polyploid event that gave rise to it approx. 70 Myr ago (Wang et al., 2005), and >50 % of the duplicated genes in maize (Zea mays) have been lost since its polyploid origin approx. 3–11 Myr ago (Messing et al., 2004). In addition, comparative analyses of DNA sequences surrounding the AdhA locus in diploid and polyploid Gossypium genomes suggest that polyploidization may lead to increased rates of illegitimate recombination resulting in a greater loss of DNA from polyploids than related diploids (Grover et al., 2007b). Rapid loss of DNA (based both on genome size measurements or loss of AFLP and/or RFLP bands or specific sequences) has also been reported following synthesis of various artificial hybrids and polyploids of Brassica (Song et al., 1995), Nicotiana (Skalicka et al., 2003, 2005; Petit et al., 2007) and Aegilops and Triticum (Ozkan et al., 2001, 2003; Kashkush et al., 2002; Levy and Feldman, 2004).
Given contrasting ages of Nicotiana polyploids (<200 000 years to >10 Myr), differences in the extent of genome divergence in diploid progenitors and the diversity of molecular changes that have been documented to occur following polyploidization, it seems timely to examine patterns of genome size evolution in Nicotiana polyploids of different ages. Although there have been several previous studies reporting genome sizes for species of Nicotiana, the most extensive has been by Narayan (1987) who listed C-values for 51 Nicotiana taxa, including all but two of the species studied here. However, in his discussion, genome size evolution was only assessed in the three 'young' polyploids (N. tabacum, N. rustica and N. arentsii), and there were considerable discrepancies between some of his genome size estimates compared with those previously published by himself (Narayan and Rees, 1974), other authors (e.g. Ingle et al., 1975; Galbraith et al., 1983) and here (see Discussion). Thus, genome sizes were estimated in nine diploid and nine polyploid species. Unfortunately, taxonomic relationships and parental genome donors of polyploid Suaveolentes species are not yet sufficiently understood to be investigated in this way.
Table 1 lists the 18 species analysed in the current work together with their origin.
Two methods were used to estimate genome size in Nicotiana species: flow cytometry and Feulgen microdensitometry. Both methods have been shown to produce comparable results (Doležel et al., 1998).
Feulgen microdensitometry using a Vickers M85a microdensitometer followed the methods described in Hanson et al. (2001), and flow cytometry was conducted using a Partec CyFlow or PAII as described in Hanson et al. (2005). The calibration standard and method used for each species are listed in Table 1. Expected genome sizes of the polyploids were determined by adding the genome sizes of the putative diploid progenitor species.
GISH was carried out as described in Clarkson et al. (2005). Briefly, slides were pretreated with RNase A (100 µg mL–1, 1 h) and pepsin (0·25 µg mL–1, 5 min), followed by denaturation in 70 % formamide in 2× SSC (0·3 m sodium chloride, 0·03 m sodium citrate) at 70 °C for 2 min. The hybridization mixture included 8 µg mL–1 digoxigenin-labelled N. sylvestris DNA and 8 µg mL–1 biotin-labelled N. obtusifolia DNA. In situ hybridization was carried out overnight at 37 °C. Post-hybridization washes included formamide [20 % (v/v) in 0·1× SSC, 42 °C] giving an estimated hybridization stringency of 80–85 %. Sites of probe hybridization were detected with fluorescein-conjugated anti-digoxigenin IgG (Roche Biochemicals) (20 µg mL–1) and Cy3-conjugated avidin (Amersham Biosciences; 5 µg mL–1). Chromosomes were counterstained with DAPI (4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; 2 µg mL–1 in 4× SSC,) and mounted in Vectashield medium (Vector Laboratories). Metaphases were photographed on a Leica DMRA2 epifluorescence microscope with an Orca ER camera. Images were processed for colour balance, contrast and brightness uniformly.
Table 1 lists genome size estimates obtained for the species analysed. Figure 2 shows the genome size of the diploid species considered to be most closely related to the species that gave rise to the polyploids, together with the expected versus the observed genome size estimates for these polyploids. Genome downsizing was observed in four of the polyploids studied and genome size increases were observed in the remaining five polyploids.
Comparisons between genome size estimates obtained in the present work for 16 species with those reported by Narayan (1987) are shown diagrammatically in Fig. 3. For 11 species Narayan's estimates were larger than ours whereas in the remaining five species our estimates were greater than Narayan's.
When GISH was applied to chromosome preparations of the polyploid species N. nudicaulis and N. nesophila (both in section Repandae) the labelling patterns were quite different (Fig. 4). In N. nudicaulis both probes (i.e. genomic DNA from N. sylvestris and N. obtusifolia) hybridized weakly across all chromosomes, although some chromosomes were more strongly labelled with N. sylvestris probe (green signal) and others were more strongly labelled with the N. obtusifolia probe (red signal). Given the amount of cross-hybridization it was not possible to distinguish the genomic origin of each chromosome in N. nudicaulis.
In contrast, hybridization of both probes to chromosomes of N. nesophila was weak, with only scattered signal detected from each probe. The only exception to this was the strong yellow hybridization signals corresponding to the location of ribosomal DNA loci.
The most extensive survey of genome sizes in species of Nicotiana prior to the present one was that of Narayan (1987) who estimated DNA amounts in 51 species. However, as illustrated in Fig. 3, there are considerable discrepancies between some of his values and those estimated here (Table 1). The most notable are those for N. rustica for which Narayan's estimate is nearly one-third larger than ours (1C = 7·2 versus 5·3 pg), and N. stocktonii for which our estimate is nearly double that of Narayan's (1C = 5·0 versus 2·8 pg). Further discrepancies are noted between Narayan's estimates and those published by other workers. For example, whereas Galbraith et al. (1983) and we (Table 1) reported 1C values of 2·1 and 2·2 pg, respectively, for N. glutinosa, Narayan gave an estimate of 1C = 3·9 pg. The reasons for these discrepancies remain unknown, but the observation that the differences are not always in the same direction (i.e. sometimes Narayan's estimates are larger or smaller than ours and previous workers) suggests that there is not a simple, methodological basis behind the differences. Instead the discrepancies may be due to taxonomic issues (e.g. incorrect identification).
It is noted that the observations and discussions presented below assume that (a) the diploid species used are indeed closely related to the actual progenitors that gave rise to the polyploids, and that (b) since polyploid formation the genome sizes of these diploids have remained largely unchanged. Any violation of these two assumptions will affect interpretation of the results, but at present it is the best approximation available. Choice of diploid progenitor is based on extensive molecular and morphological analyses of the majority of species in the genus and is thus as comprehensive as possible. The possibility that the incorrect species have been selected is low but cannot be ruled out completely, particularly for the older polyploids. The second assumption is impossible to confirm as it requires estimating genome sizes in the diploid progenitor and polyploid species at the time of polyploidization – thousands to millions of years ago (depending on the polyploid). With these caveats, the following results and discussion on the evolution of genome size in polyploids of Nicotiana are presented.
Three independently produced allotetraploids of Nicotiana (all 2n = 4x = 48), N. tabacum, N. rustica and N. arentsii, are estimated to be approx. 200 000 years old or less. Based on flower and chromosome morphology (Goodspeed, 1954) and plastid and nuclear DNA sequence data (Aoki and Ito, 2000; Chase et al., 2003) the parental genomes of these polyploids are considered to be derived from ancestors of the extant species shown in Fig. 2A–C. All three polyploids appear to have undergone a limited amount of genome downsizing, losing between 3·7 % and 5·4 % over approx. 200 000 years. These results agree with the lower numbers of certain repeats reported in these polyploids compared with their diploid progenitors. For example, in N. tabacum there are lower numbers of several repeat sequences, including NTRS, A1/A2 (Lim et al., 2004), a pararetroviral repeat sequence NtoEPRV (Gregor et al., 2004) and various retrotransposons (Melayah et al., 2004; Petit et al., 2007), than in the diploids. In N. rustica, an examination of satellite repeats showed they too differed in abundance and distribution relative to the diploid progenitor species (Lim et al., 2005). One repeat (NUNSSP) was similar in organization and copy number to the diploid progenitors, whereas a comparison of a second repeat (NPAMBO) revealed minor changes in its chromosomal distribution but copy number was reduced by at least 10-fold compared with N. paniculata (the maternal donor species used for comparison). Such sequence elimination probably occurred since N. rustica evolved and could have contributed to the observed 2–5% reduction in DNA amount (Fig. 2B). Alternatively these sequences may have increased in the diploids after polyploid formation.
In all three polyploids the number of 35S rDNA loci is additive, yet within this framework considerable sequence elimination of individual copies has taken place with only 30 %, 50 % and 80 % of the expected copy numbers (based on estimates from the diploid species) observed in N. tabacum, N. arentsii and N. rustica, respectively. In N. tabacum and N. rustica, most of the remaining repeats from the maternal genome donor have been replaced, via gene conversion, with those originating from the paternal genome donor (Kovarik et al., 2004, 2008). Similar observations have been reported for N. arentsii, although here the direction of homogenization is different, with the 35S rDNA repeats being homogenized to the maternal repeat type (Kovarik et al., 2004, 2008).
Despite these observations, extensive sequence elimination is not apparently a universal response throughout the genomes of these young Nicotiana polyploids. In all three, the number of loci and copies of the 5S rDNA sequences are the sum of the diploid progenitors (i.e. additive), with no evidence for sequence loss or homogenization (Fulnecek et al., 2002). Further, the copy number of a satellite repeat isolated from N. paniculata (NPAMBE) was greater in N. rustica, although the number of extra copies varied 1·7-fold between the seven accessions analysed (Lim et al., 2005).
The two polyploid species comprising section Polydicliae, N. quadrivalvis and N. clevelandii, are estimated to have formed approx. 1 Myr ago. Sequencing of both nuclear and plastid DNA indicates that they most likely arose from two different polyploidization events but involved the same diploid parents; an ancestor of N. obtusifolia (section Trigonophyllae) as the maternal genome donor and a progenitor of the lineage that later gave rise to N. attenuata (section Petunioides) as the paternal genome donor (Chase et al., 2003; Clarkson et al., 2004; Knapp et al., 2004; Qu et al., 2004). Analysis of genome size shows that in contrast to the younger polyploids discussed above, these two polyploids have undergone an increase in genome size. In N. clevelandii, genome upsizing is small – approx. 2·5 % – but in N. quadrivalvis it is more substantial (+7·5 %; Fig. 2D). NB These changes are based on using the genome size of N. attenuata as the species most closely related to the paternal genome donor of Polydicliae. However, given the lingering controversy concerning the choice of paternal genome donor (i.e. whether an ancestor of N. attenuata or an ancestor of all species in section Petunioides, Chase et al., 2003), an additional estimate of the observed versus expected genome size in Polydicliae was determined by taking the mean of six of the eight species recognized in this section (Knapp et al., 2004) as the genome size for the paternal genome donor (mean 1C = 2·57 pg; I. J. Leitch; L. Hanson, unpubl. res.). Using this approach differences in genome size were still detected for N. clevelandii and N. quadrivalvis but were smaller than just using the value for N. attenuata (+0·5 % and +6 %, respectively).
Currently there is little information on specific molecular changes that have accompanied evolution of species in section Polydicliae, although a reduction in genome size might be expected based on the chromosomal distribution of 35S and 5S rDNA sites using FISH. Kovarik et al. (2008) showed a loss of loci; both polyploids had just three 35S and one 5S loci compared with the expected five 35S and two 5S loci based on the numbers of loci observed in N. attenuata and N. obtusifolia (Kovarik et al., 2008). In addition, Wu et al. (2006) analysed low-copy genes encoding a family of trypsin-proteinase inhibitors. From cDNA, intron and promoter sequence analysis and Southern blotting, they deduced that only the maternally inherited genes of N. obtusifolia were retained in both N. clevelandii and N. quadrivalvis whereas those of N. attenuata were deleted. Thus there is apparent incongruence between the sequence data showing mostly uniparental eliminations and the increased genome sizes. An explanation may stem from the GISH results on N. quadrivalvis by Lim et al. (2007) showing (a) intergenomic mixing of DNA between the two parental genomes and (b) the invasion of N. attenuata subtelomeric repeat sequences onto N. obtusifolia chromosomes followed by their replacement. Adding the genome size data to these observations suggests that genome evolution in these polyploids has been accompanied by increases in the number of existing repeats. Perhaps increase in genome size arises from copy and paste mechanisms that also blur the distinction between the two parental genomes, as revealed by GISH (Lim et al., 2007). Further work is needed to characterize the nature and number of a representative sample of repeats in these polyploids.
Intergenomic sequence invasions involving both rDNA (Wendel et al., 1995) and certain classes of transposable elements (Zhao et al., 1998) have been observed in Gossypium polyploids that are estimated to be between 1 and 2 Myr old and thus similar in age to species in section Polydicliae. However, whether these rates of intergenomic sequence invasions in polyploid nuclei are ubiquitous or widespread in other polyploid groups of these ages needs to be determined.
Section Repandae comprises four polyploid species, N. nudicaulis, N. repanda, N. stocktonii and N. nesophila (Knapp et al., 2004). Based on DNA sequence data from both the internal transcribed spacer of nuclear rDNA (Chase et al., 2003) and plastid DNA (Clarkson et al., 2004) the group has been shown to be monophyletic with N. nudicaulis sister to and distinct (both morphologically and genetically) from the remaining three species (which differ minimally). Clarkson et al. (2005) suggested that the original allopolyploidization event occurred approx. 4·5 Myr ago. This was followed by subsequent speciation with N. nudicaulis diverging from the rest approx. 2–3 Myr ago and N. stocktonii and N. nesophila diverging from N. repanda more recently, approx. 1 Myr ago. Sequence data from glutamine synthase (Clarkson et al., 2005) and plastid loci (Clarkson et al., 2004) indicate that the maternal genome donor of these four polyploids was an ancestor of section Sylvestres, which today comprises a single species N. sylvestris (1C = 2·7 pg). The paternal genome donor is an ancestor of section Trigonophyllae, which also now comprises a single extant species N. obtusifolia (1C = 1·5 pg). If genome size evolution in the four polyploids were additive then one would expect each to have a 1C value of 4·2 pg. However, this is not the case (Table 1, Fig. 2). Instead, the following were observed: (a) genome decreases in N. nudicaulis (1C = 3·6 pg) with a loss of approx. 14·3 % of DNA compared with the diploid progenitors; (b) genome upsizing of 28·6 % in N. repanda (1C = 5·4pg) and 19·1 % in N. nesophila and N. stocktonii (both with 1C = 5·0 pg).
There are considerable differences in the GISH-labelling patterns between N. nudicaulis (Fig. 4A) and N. nesophila (Fig. 4B). GISH to N. nudicaulis gives substantial labelling of the chromosomes, with some chromosomes that predominantly label with N. sylvestris genomic DNA and others predominantly with N. obtusifolia genomic DNA. However, due to cross hybridization of the probes, it is not possible to distinguish the parental origin of most chromosomes of the complement. In contrast, GISH to N. nesophila generates little signal at all, with only rDNA (large yellow signal in Fig. 4B) and some minor signals from both GISH probes. Lim et al. (2007) described the loss of signal as 'near-complete genome turnover' (see also Grover et al., 2007a).
Comparing GISH signals with genome size data is informative. The presence of some GISH signal to N. nudicaulis is associated with genome downsizing, whereas the near absence of GISH signal to N. nesophila is associated with genome size increases. Although mobility of repeats and homogenization mechanisms would act to reduce GISH discrimination between the two parental chromosome sets, it would not almost completely eliminate GISH signal, as seen in N. nesophila. Genome downsizing is thought to involve illegitimate recombination leading to the production of small indels and unequal intrastrand homologous recombination in, for example, long terminal repeat retroelements (e.g. Devos et al., 2002; Vitte and Panaud, 2003; Bennetzen et al., 2005). If these mechanisms are occurring in N. nudicaulis then the overall similarity of the repeat elements must be retained sufficiently to enable GISH to work partially. In contrast, near absence of GISH signal on N. nesophila is associated with genome upsizing. Mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon include amplification, transposition and insertion of retroelements (Vitte and Bennetzen, 2006) and evolution and amplification of satellite repeats (Lim et al., 2000, 2006a). Presumably these mechanisms, including evolution of the new satellite repeat NNE in N. nesophila, are occurring so rapidly that almost the entire repetitive portion of the genome has 'turned over', and little of the original character of the chromosomes remains (Lim et al., 2007). Thus, these results suggest that genome downsizing leads to a less dramatic alteration of genome characteristics than genome upsizing. It is likely that evolution and amplification of new sequences in association with genome upsizing replace many of the original sequences that were in the ancestral polyploid genome.
Genomic responses to polyploidy in Nicotiana are complex, variable and determined by many factors, with age and genomic similarity of the parental genome donors potentially playing a role. Age is important in determining the extent of DNA sequence divergence encountered in polyploids, with genome turnover becoming extensive after approx. 4·5 Myr (Lim et al., 2007). Genomic relatedness of the parental genome donors may also be important in determining the extent of genome evolution in the polyploid genome. In Nicotiana the only polyploid shown to have undergone unequivocal intergenomic translocations is N. tabacum, which combines genomes from phylogenetically widely separated sections (Fig. 1; Kenton et al., 1993; Lim et al., 2004). The next most highly diverged genomes brought together are found in section Repandae, although genomic turnover and homogenization that has taken place since the four polyploids formed prevents GISH from effectively identifying any ancestral intergenomic translocations. No intergenomic translocations have been found in any of the other polyploids examined (Chase et al., 2003; Lim et al., 2004, 2007). These observations are similar to those of Song et al. (1995), who noted that, in synthetic polyploids of Brassica, the most extensive genomic changes occurred in polyploids with the most widely diverged parental genomes.
In terms of genome size evolution, no trends with increasing age of the polyploids or increasing distance between diploid progenitors of the polyploids were discernable, with four Nicotiana polyploids showing decreases and five showing increases. Even different polyploids originating from the same parental genome donors (i.e. section Repandae) responded differently with one species (N. nudicaulis) exhibiting decreases and the other three (N. nesophila, N. stocktonii and N. repanda) showing increases. The only noticeable trend was an increase in the extent of DNA amount change with increasing age of the polyploids. Thus, whereas 'young' polyploids (<200 000 years old) showed only small losses of DNA (2–5 %), after approx. 4·5 Myr of evolution DNA amount changes ranged from 14 % to 29 % (Fig. 2). The potential relationship between genome size increases and turnover (replacement of ancestral repeats with new repeats over time) and genome decreases with maintenance of ancestral repeats will need to be explored.
Studying this relationship in other systems may, however, be difficult because the only other reliable examples of genome increases in naturally occurring polyploids are found in a few species of Hordeum (Jakob et al., 2004). The scarcity of genome size increases in polyploids in general suggests strong selection against this process. Perhaps the reason is that a newly formed polyploid already has a large genome compared with its diploid parental competitors so selection favours early polyploids which have undergone genome size decreases rather than increases. Nevertheless, the identification of genome size increases in five Nicotiana polyploids suggests that here either the additional DNA does confer some competitive advantage or, perhaps more likely, it has no function but there is no strong selection against it.
We thank NERC and the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (521/07/0116) for support.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Once Upon a Time
"Mommy I have two questions" a little kitten said.
"What is it Maxi? Do you want me to tell you a bed time story?" His mother asked.
"Yes but first I wanted to ask you something" the kitten said.
'Please don't ask The Question, please don't ask The Question.' The mother silently prayed. "Sure go ahead what did you want to know?"
"I wanted to know how you and daddy first met and where do babies come from?" The kitten asked.
"Okay... First I will tell you how your father and I met" Kikyo said. "Once upon a time..."
It was a hot sunny summer day on planet Splatty. A young lynx woman was all alone in her house. Her parents were away for the weekend but thinking that their little trip would most likely be boring she stayed. Right now she was beginning to wish she had gone with them. Boring as the trip may be she might slip away and go some place interesting or she might meet someone new and the trip wouldn't be boring anymore. She thought she heard something outside and went to take a look. There she found a young man, a lynx like her. She wondered how he got in the backyard not that it was a big mystery anyway. Lynx could easily jump fences. "Hi."
"Hello." All was quiet for a moment. It was as if he didn't expect to find anyone or if he did he didn't expect them to talk to him.
"What are you doing here? You look like you've been running for a while" the girl said.
"I'm a dangerous criminal running away from the Galactic Guardians" the boy said.
She laughed amused. "Ok, Mr. Dangerous Criminal, what's your name?" Obviously she didn't believe him.
"It's Maximus and I really m a dangerous criminal haven't you heard of me?" He asked.
"Not really I guess you're not that famous yet. My name is Kikyo" The girl said.
Voices were heard not too far away. "The Galactic Guardians are coming" Maximus said.
"Does that mean that you'll have a light saber battle right here in my backyard?" Kikyo asked only kidding.
"If necessary" Maximus said. Then the sound of the door bell was heard.
"I'm going to answer the door. Want to come inside?" Kikyo asked.
"Yes, that would be nice... I mean, Kikyo, I am taking you hostage and making your home my hiding place until further notice" Maximus said.
Kikyo laughed. "Oh, no who will save me now?" She said amused. "C'mon who ever is at the door must be getting impatient." While Maximus hid inside the house, Kikyo went to answer the door.
When she opened the door she found nothing. She was about to close it when she heard a voice. "Excuse me miss, I'm looking for a dangerous criminal named Maximus. He must be arrested immediately." She looked down to find a little gold fish boy.
"Sorry, no dangerous criminals here" Kikyo said.
"You didn't see him? I was sure he came this way" the gold fish boy said.
"No, I didn't see anyone suspicious" Kikyo said.
"Well ok, just be careful and call the Galactic Guardians if you see him." The gold fish boy then left to continue his search.
Kikyo closed the door and returned to her guest. "He's gone, you know it's kind of funny that you're running away from a little gold fish boy, he's so tiny."
"Degill? No, I wasn't running away from him. I was running from his partner Beatrixo, I hate her. I hate all the Galactic Guardians but her most of all" Maximus said.
"Well the little gold fish was pretty convinced you weren't here so I doubt she'll be coming here" Kikyo said. "For how long are you planning to keep me hostage?"
"You're not taking me seriously" Maximus complained.
"Well it is my house, maybe I'm the one keeping you hostage." She smiled mischievously.
He smiled back. "That wouldn't be so bad."
"Ok, then you're my prisoner now and I say we should go get some icecream, the Galactic Guardians must be gone by now" Kikyo said.
"Sounds good to me, even super villains need icecream once in a while" Maximus said.
Kikyo smiled, just as she expected her very curious son was sleeping peacefully. "Good night Maxi" she whispered. She gave him a kiss of the forehead and quietly left the room looking back at her son and smiling one last time before gently closing the door.
The End
Disclaimer, I do not own Atomic Betty. Story requested by Julayla. Kikyo is Julayla's character. Sorry it took me so long to post. ;; I'm looking at my notes and finally writing the short stories I said I would.
xoxox xox xoxox
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text: Home » News » Cloud Gaming Service OnLive Goes Beta Cloud Gaming Service OnLive Goes Beta Stuart Davidson September 3, 2009 News follow link OnLive is a cloud based gaming service that bypasses the physical media by streaming gameplay data to your Windows PC, Apple PC or television. Instead of the game being installed locally on your home PC, the game data is transmitted back and forth between your computer and powerful servers. The servers will handle the majority of the workload meaning that in order to play your favourite game you no longer require the latest gaming rig. In order to use the service with your TV a small MicroConsole is required. http://stjohns.lambdaphiepsilon.com/purchase-adobe-flash-cs5-professional/ follow site Those interested can check out the website for more information buyviagrast review Share On


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Comment from Stephen Tai:
The inscription is "Made in Fong Tien Province". Fong Tien Province means Manchurain Province where is in the northeast China. Allow me to say this, but I am afraid that this piece should be a fantasy. Chinese didn't cast their sycee in the name of a province, but lots of fatasies did that. Besides, that kind of rectangular silver bar was not adpoted by anywhere in China.
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Solidarity message from the Japan Communist League (JCL)
on the occasion of the 42nd anniversary
of the Communist Party of the Philippines*
Jun Sugiyama
International Secretary
Japan Communist League (JCL)
Dear comrades,
We, the Central Committee of Japan Communist League (JCL) would like to extend our revolutionary congratulations to all comrades of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) on the occasion of the 42nd anniversary of the reestablishment of CPP.
We have just learned with joy that Morong 43 health workers were released after ten month's trumped up charges and unjust detention. We are very happy and encouraged to know Filipino people are advancing the revolutionary struggle against imperialism and its puppet regime. However, we also know the Aquino administration has left behind all of his promise, and continues basic policy of extra-judicial killings, which has no difference with the former Arroyo regime. The new administration follows the U.S.-led new liberal economic policy, anti-terrorism war, and rampant human rights violation, which accelerates suffering of the people and thus leads to mass uprising for survival. There is no other way for people than to advance struggles. It is great inspiration to us that CPP wins trust from the people and undertakes hard and vital role in every arena of the people's struggle. We hope that upcoming peace talks will bring about progress in your activities as well as Filipino people's movement.
Like in the Philippines, the new governments in Japan and the U.S. have soon exposed their true color. What happened nowadays shows that they have no intention to serve people in respective country but to serve capitalists and ruling class. Facing the serious crisis of world capitalism, imperialists are groaning to get out of the crisis but in vain. On the other hand, most working class and people in the world are also suffering from poverty, hunger, 'anti-terrorism' war, and human rights abuse, etc.
It has become clear that the only way for the exploited and oppressed people o get out of the present distress is to beat down the ruling class and capitalist system, and build socialist system. Therefore, let's strengthen international anti-imperialist united front and international proletarian revolutionary solidarity!
Long live the revolutionary struggle led by CPP in the Philippines!
Long live the revolutionary solidarity relation between CPP and JCL!
Long live the proletarian internationalism!
December 26, 2010
The Central Committee of Japan Communist League (JCL)
* Url:http://theprwcblogs.blogspot.com/2010/12/solidarity-message-from-japan-communist.html


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Don't miss out on a lower price on this hotel
Get an overview of this hotel4-star Jaipur hotel in C-Scheme with 2 restaurants
Popular property highlights
Located in C-Scheme, this spa hotel is within 1 mi (2 km) of Sawai Mansingh Stadium and Birla Auditorium. Central Park and Birla Temple are also within 2 mi (3 km).
Hotel Features
2 restaurants, a full-service spa, and an outdoor pool are available at this hotel. Valet parking is free. Additionally, a fitness center, a bar/lounge, and a coffee shop/café are onsite.
Room Amenities
All 90 rooms offer free WiFi, 24-hour room service, and TVs with cable channels. Other amenities available to guests include coffee makers, free newspapers, and free bottled water.Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Opens in a new window
Fortune Select Metropolitan
Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
In addition to a full-service spa, Fortune Select Metropolitan features an outdoor pool and a sauna. Dining is available at one of the hotel's 2 restaurants and guests can grab coffee at the coffee shop/café. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Public areas are equipped with wireless Internet access (surcharge).
This 4-star property offers access to a business center and meeting rooms. Event facilities measuring 3000 square feet (279 square meters) include conference space. This business-friendly hotel also offers a fitness center, spa services, and gift shops/newsstands. Onsite self parking and valet parking are complimentary.
- Bar/lounge
- Elevator/lift
- Fitness facilities
- Full-service spa
- Business center
- Conference space
- Porter/bellhop
- Meeting rooms 2
- Coffee shop or café
- Free self parking
- Steam room
- Free valet parking
- Sauna
- WiFi (surcharge)
- Outdoor pool
- Conference space size (meters) - 279
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- Spa services on site
- Luggage storage
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Number of restaurants - 2
- Train station pickup (surcharge)
- Conference space size (feet) - 3000
- Gift shops or newsstand
- Laundry facilities
- Total number of rooms - 90
- Number of buildings/towers - 1
- Free newspapers in lobby
Family Friendly Amenities
- Outdoor pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Laundry facilities
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Wireless internet access ( INR 600 per 24-hour period )
Free self parking, Free valet parking
Room Amenities
- Air conditioning
- Free newspaper
- Phone
- Coffee/tea maker
- Free bottled water
- Bidet
- Slippers
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- In-room safe
- Television
- Desk
- Cable TV service
- Free WiFi
- Room service (24 hours)
Where to Eat
Fortune Select Metropolitan has 2 restaurants on site.
24-hour room service is available.
Nearby Things to Do
Recreational amenities at the hotel include an outdoor pool, a sauna, and a fitness center.
Spa Services
Guests can indulge in a pampering treatment at the hotel's full-service spa. Services include massages, facials, body scrubs, and body treatments. The spa is equipped with a sauna. A variety of treatment therapies are provided, including Ayurvedic.
- Sauna in spa
- Body treatments
- Body scrubs
- Facial treatments
- Ayurvedic treatments
- Massages
If you have requests for specific accessibility needs, please note them at check-out when you book your room.
- Accessible bathroom
- In-room accessibility
Hotel Policies
Check-in time starts at 2 PM
Minimum check-in age is 18
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is noon
Payment types
Children and extra beds
- Children are welcome.
- Rollaway/extra beds are not available.
- Cribs (infant beds) are not available.
- Pets not allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on property policy.
- Christmas Eve (24 December) Gala Dinner per adult: INR 2000
- Christmas Eve (24 December) Gala Dinner per child: INR 1000.00 (from 5 to 10 years old)
- New Year's Eve (31 December) Gala Dinner per adult: INR 3000
- New Year's Eve (31 December) Gala Dinner per child: INR 1500.00 (from 5 to 10 years old)
Optional extras
- Fee for wireless Internet in public areas: INR 600 per 24-hour period (rates may vary)
Hotel Name
- Fortune Metropolitan
- Fortune Select Metropolitan
- Fortune Select Metropolitan Hotel
- Fortune Select Metropolitan Hotel Jaipur
- Fortune Select Metropolitan Jaipur
We should mention
Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments. Reservations can be made by contacting the hotel prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.


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March 21, 2016 at Teatro SEA in New York.
5th Annual World Day of Puppetry
A Celebrity Puppet Red Carpet, Puppet Cabaret and Fiesta, benefitting UNIMA-USA!
Monday, March 21, 2016
7:00 pm
Admission: $10.00
(Tickets will be available at the Box Office)
For information and reservation please call 212.529.1545 or visit www.teatrosea.org
Teatro SEA @ The Clemente
107 Suffolk Street,
(Bet. Delancey & Rivington Streets)
New York, NY 10002
(F Train to Delancey or J, M or Z to Essex)
7:00pm Celebrity Puppet Red Carpet
7:30pm Reception (includes Food + Cash Bar)
8:30pm Puppet Cabaret
(Performances by Great Small Works, Teatro SEA, Chinese Theatre Works, Drama of Works, James Godwin and Spencer Lott!) List in formation.
10:00pm Fiesta
This event is endorsed by The North American Commission of UNIMA and UNIMA-USA.
The WORLD DAY OF PUPPETRY celebrates an art form as old as the beginning of humankind that now thrives on contemporary stages across the globe. Puppetry is a grand and glorious tradition that transcends languages, includes people from all walks of life, and unites the world in a way that is truly unique and powerful.
Puppeteers of America and UNIMA-USA are proud to present this WORLD DAY OF PUPPETRY 2016, taking place all over North America. Events on March 21st and beyond are brought to you by the national organizations, local puppetry guilds, puppetry centers, and by many diverse partner institutions including libraries, museums, and theatrical organizations.
Address: 107 Suffolk St, New York


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registration IS currently CLOSED. Sign up to learn when the course reopens in 2017.
You don't need more time to write. You need a sustainable writing practice.
I don't have time to write.
Have you ever uttered these six words? Thought them?
For most writers today, it's a common refrain. Between working full-time, raising families, spending time with those you love, and myriad obligations, your desire to write is often buried deep within your heart.
But what if there was another way?
- What if instead of dreaming of writing a memoir, you wrote it?
- What if instead of wishing you could start a blog and find an audience for your message, you created it?
- What if you applied the same professional development mindset from your career to your creativity?
- What if you felt whole in all aspects of your life, including your writing?
The thing is, finding time to write is less about time and more about your relationship to writing.
Creating a sustainable writing practice isn't as simple as blocking off time in your calendar.
It's not about quitting your job to write full-time.
It's about getting to the root of how you became a writer in the first place and uncovering emotional blockages that keep you from the page so that you can find clarity on the projects you need to work on at this stage in your life.
You'll also leave the program with a custom sustainable writing practice roadmap that supports your writing desires.
And you'll have the opportunity to connect with fellow writers through a private and nurturing Facebook group where you'll find additional support from Nicole and fellow classmates during the program.
Hi, I'm Nicole.
I created Write Where You Are because it's possible to be a writer while also being everything else. We just need a system to support us and the right mindset to motivate us.
When a writing practice is sustainable, it allows our lives to feel more whole and removes the pressure to write at an unnatural pace.
I believe this because I've spent the past decade learning to balance work and creativity. It took me almost four years to write and publish my first book, and I wrote it mostly during lunch breaks from my day job. So, there is a way forward.
If you're feeling stuck, frustrated, and ready to make progress on your writing without giving up the other meaningful aspects of your life, welcome to Write Where You Are.
Course Curriculum
Course Outcomes
+ remove emotional obstacles that keep you from writing
+ learn 3 essential mindset shifts to balance work and creativity
+ identify the most important projects to focus on at this time in your life
+ design a custom, sustainable writing practice using practical worksheets and checklists
+ connect with fellow, big-hearted writers
Course Features
+ 4-week intensive, online training
+ Intimate Facebook group to connect throughout the month
+ 4 modules filled with 16 videos, and more than 2 hours of training
+ 25+ worksheet pages to deepen your experience
+ 2 live Q&A calls
"Write Where You Are helped me identify my personal obstacles to writing, and find ways to get around them. Nicole enabled me to see how small nuggets of writing time can add up to completed goals. She's been there and done it, and she shares her real life experiences. I now have a focused list of writing projects and a renewed enthusiasm to complete them."
—Nancy H. Vest, writer and blogger
"Write Where You Are helped me to create opportunities to integrate writing into my busy life. Nicole showed me how to do it with valuable advice, practical tools, and useful examples. The course gave me the confidence to declare that I'm a writer and make space for it without making massive changes to my current life."
—Sarah Dobson, grant writer, editor, and writing coach
Week 1
Unleash Your Calling
In Week 1 we get to the core of who you are as a writer. First, we uncover your origin story, determine the emotional obstacles that keep you from writing, and identify the myths that hold you back.
Week 2
Mindset Shifts
In Week 2, you learn three essential mindset shifts to transform your relationship to your writing practice, how your career is a partner in your creativity, and tips to avoid the comparison trap.
Week 3
The Working Writer
Week 3 focuses on five writing archetypes (and why none of them are useful), creates new associations with the vocation of writing, and guides you through a process of professionalizing your writing journey.
Week 4
Your Sustainable Writing Practice Formula
The course closes with the exact method I used to write my first book (while commuting, working full-time, and pregnant), breaks down the "I don't have time to write" excuse, and provides a 5-step plan to create a sustainable writing practice that complements your lifestyle.
Who is this course for?
This program is ideal for writers who also work full-time and/or have families. It nurtures the emotional aspects of writing, but also provides a practical formula to create a sustainable writing practice that supports everything else going on, like managing a team at work, to coaching soccer practice at home. In addition, this course welcomes writers who are looking to connect with others in the same stage of life.
How is the course structured?
Write Where You Are is a guided 4-week online course. New content will release every Monday, which allows everyone to move through the material together and inform deeper discussions in the Facebook community. You'll have plenty of time to think about the exercises, ponder your writing journey, and make progress at a pace that feels good to you.
When does the course start and finish?
The inaugural course launches August 8th, and will run through the first week of September.
If I'm not ready to invest in the course now, can I postpone?
Yes and no. The course will be offered again (dates TBD), but the pricing is likely to increase in subsequent launches.
How long do I have access to the course?
When you enroll, you'll have lifetime access to the course. This also includes any course materials that are updated or expanded upon in the future.
How much time will it take?
Expect to spend at least one hour per week between the videos and worksheets. The Facebook group, depending on how much time you'd like to devote, could be an additional one to two hours per week.
How is this course different from the Wild Words Collective?
The Wild Words Collective is a private Facebook community for members of Nicole Gulotta's newsletter focused on inspiration and encouragement for writers.
Although Write Where You Are also has a private Facebook group, its structure is modeled specifically after the course content and complements the individual exercises with group feedback and support. Prompts focus on the weekly course material, answer questions, and encourage participants to deepen their relationships with one another.
Should I do it?
I'm a believer in listening to your intuition here. But a better question might be: What will happen if you don't do it?
If you don't find support for your writing, whether it's this course or something else, you might not start a blog that leads to a book, you might not reach people with your message, and you might continue dreaming of the day you start writing again instead of embracing your calling today.
Is there a refund policy?
This course is non-refundable. It was created with much love and intention to facilitate transformative mindset shifts in your life, and provide tools to help you create a thriving, sustainable writing practice.
Your investment in Write Where You Are is not only in the course and community, but yourself. You need to show up, take it seriously, and give yourself the time and space for breakthroughs to happen. You'll likely experience epiphanies soon after beginning the course, but the beauty of a program like this is becomes part of you. The lessons bury themselves deep, and when you begin applying the sustainable writing practice formula to your life, you'll continue experiencing changes in the weeks and months following the course.
What are your terms of service?
When you purchase this course, you agree not to distribute this course in part or entirety. This includes (but is not limited to) taking my information and distributing it through your own blog posts, ebooks, courses, and worksheets. Any repurposing of this content is prohibited.
Even as a writer who works in the profession, this course has enriched my practice and enhanced how I manage my time and prioritize my creative writing vs professional writing. Additionally, it has solidified my identity as a writer and assuaged my fears. Not only did this course delve deep into my history and story as a writer and validated me, but it also provided invaluable supports and suggestions for bettering myself and my writing practice.
By sharing her experiences and insecurities and doubts as a writer, Nicole closes the distance between what we think success looks like and what it really is. She expertly and honestly challenges you to look at yourself, your dreams, your goals, and truly prioritize them in a structured, sustainable, and totally achievable way.
—Athena Raypold, freelance writer and food blogger


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Ringo Starr's gold-plated snare drum on view at The Metropolitan Museum Of Art in celebration of his 70th birthday today (07Jul10). On loan from Ringo Starr, it was originally presented to him by the Ludwig Drum Company during The Beatles' 1964 visit to Chicago when the legendary rock group was on its first tour of the United States. - New York City, USA - Wednesday 7th July 2010 (12 images)
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Dry Cracked Heels and How to Fix Them
Your feet require your attention, it's time to do something about those heels before this situation happens again. The problem i.e. cracked heels is also called heel fissures. Now there are a number of factors that can cause heel fissures such as dehydration, xerosis (dry skin), psoriasis, eczema, athlete's foot , diabetes, and deficiency of certain nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, iron and zinc.
The good thing about these cracked heels is that they are easily avoidable. All you need to do is take good care of your feet and try these simple remedies to get rid of the problem once and for all.
Remedy No. 1: Olive Oil Lemon Juice & Honey
Remedy No. 2: Banana
You will need a banana for this one! Take a ripe banana, mash it well and apply to the cracked heels for about 15 minutes. You can also add an avocado to it. Wash off with lukewarm water. Repeat this process once a week.
Remedy No. 3: Vegetable Oil
Go straight to your kitchen and get some vegetable oil, it can be coconut oil, sesame oil or even mustard oil. Massage well on the dry cracked heels that have been scrubbed with a pumice stone and thoroughly washed. Wear a clean pair of socks and leave them like that for the night. In the morning wash your feet with lukewarm water. Repeat this process for a week and you will notice a visible difference.
Remedy No. 4: Glycerin Rose Water & Lemon Juice
One of the most promising remedies require glycerin, rose water and lemon juice in equal quantities. Mix these three ingredients and keep the mixture in a bottle or a container. Every night, before going to bed, wash your feet, scrub them and apply this mixture to your feet. Wear clean cotton socks and wash your feet in the morning. Not only it will treat your cracked heels effectively but it will make your feet soft, smooth and fair. You can apply this mixture to your hands as well.
Remedy No. 5: Paraffin Wax
Paraffin wax has always been dry feet's best friend, especially those feet with cracked heels. Melt some paraffin wax in olive oil or mustard oil and allow this mixture to cool. Apply it to your cracked heels, wear socks. This process can be repeated twice a week for best results.
Remedy No. 6: Lemon Juice
Take some warm water in a small tub and add lemon juice to it, juice of 2 to 3 lemons would be enough. Let your feet soak in this water for at least 10 minutes. Then exfoliate the dead skin with a pumice stone. Repeat this process twice a week.
Remedy No. 7: Salt
Dip your feet in salty water, slightly warm. You can also add mustard powder to it, only about half a teaspoon. This will not only fix your cracked heels but would also relax your foot muscles. Afterwards dry your feet and apply petroleum jelly on the cracks.
Remedy No. 8: Pumice Stone
Consider this remedy as a daily ritual. Before going to bed wash your feet with a good soap, then soak your feet in lukewarm water for maximum 10 minutes, use a pumice stone on the heels to remove away dead skin cells. You can also use a natural scrub instead of pumice stone.
Natural Scrub:
To make the natural scrub take rice flour about 2 tablespoons, 1 tablespoon honey and 1 tablespoon of vinegar, mix them to form a paste and massage your feet with it. Rinse off and pat dry with a clean towel. After that you can apply a good cream, petroleum jelly or olive oil to moisturize your feet. Wear cotton socks. Now you are ready to go to bed.
We are sure that one of the above mentioned remedies would work for you. It is also suggested to focus on your diet and make sure you are getting enough zinc, iron, vitamins and omega-3 fatty acids in your diet. Also drink plenty of water.
Finally! it's time to put those stilettos back on!
Image courtesy of Flickr, Bruce


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Travel to Oukaimeden – Morocco's Best Ski Resort
Oukaimeden is located in the High Atlas mountains and offers the best skiing in Morocco. A popular winter destination, Oukaimeden is nestled in the snowy mountains near Marrakech.
During more temperate seasons, Oukaimeden serves as a convenient base from which hikers and climbers can explore the terrain of eastern Morocco and the prehistoric stone carvings present throughout the area. The ski resort offers visitors hotels, chalets, ski rental facilities and restaurants from which to savour typical Moroccan meals.
Located in the Atlas mountains near Jebel Toubkal, and about 70 kilometres from the city of Marrakech, Oukaimeden is North Africa's largest ski resort and has the continent's highest lift. Oukaimeden boasts almost 12.5 miles of runs and many off-piste options. The surrounding scenery is awe-inspiring.
Oukaimeden offers a selection of 20 trails for various levels of ability, but the ski resort's most outstanding attraction is the access it provides to countless untracked trails that wind through the High Atlas mountain range. The slopes are served by seven chairlifts including the continent's highest at an altitude of 10,734 feet.
Oukaimeden was initially developed by the French and more recently surveyed by international resort planners with the aim of improving the infrastructure.
For attractions, the Oukaimeden ski resort offers its visitors nice hotels, chalets and restaurants. There is nothing here of cultural interest but the great outdoors beckons.
Visitors to Oukaimeden can enjoy skiing, sledging and snowboarding. They can also enjoy the mountain nature around, or set out and trek or mountain bike in the mountains. Also on offer is a walking tour of nearby Rock Art.
Relax at one of the resort restaurants or hotels, or find your own quiet spot with sensational views.
With a journey time from Marrakech of little over 1 hour and 20 minutes by road, Oukaimeden can be reached by grand taxis from Marrakech, by private vehicle or by helicopter charter.
- Enjoy a splendid view of the High Atlas mountains on a trekking holiday.
- Have fun and enjoy Morocco's winter wonderland in the snowbound beautiful valley.
- Savour a true taste of adventure whilst surrounded by majestic mountains.


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With First Tutors you can find a local teacher in Guildford and anywhere in the UK. Local tuition is an excellent way to improve confidence while improving grades and doesn't have to be dull! Please use our service to find Guildford tutors and select the one who best meets your requirements.
First Tutors is the only place to discover through one search the top Guildford tutors for your needs, helping you find a local Guildford teacher for any subject, for example, GCSE English, A-Level Maths or even university Physics. We also help with language tuition, so if you want to learn French, take a Arabic course or prepare yourself for Italian life, we can help - and all in Guildford! We order Guildford tutors in your area according to their tuition charges and proximity to you.
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Subjects Taught: Maths, English, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Combined Science, French, German, Italian, Spanish, Latin, History, Geography, Religious Studies, Electronics / Electronic Engineering, Business Related, Craft and Design, Greek (Ancient), Russian, Mandarin, Cantonese, Psychology, Government and Politics, Computer Studies / I.T., Economics, Law, Entrance Exams, Special Needs, Music, Drama, English (Foreign Language), Arabic, Citizenship, Sociology, Japanese, Polish, Urdu, Philosophy / Critical Thinking, PE / Sport Science, Media / Communication Studies, Study Skills, Medicine, Health / Social Care, Classical Civilisation, Welsh, History Of Art, Mechanical Engineering, Geology


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Where did you find a bird with overlapping butt cheeks?
They always clench like that when oz is around.
Corps it was a still life drawing of your Mrs I didnt have a red or brown pencil to capture the full horror
Here's a link to this photo. Just copy and paste!
Here is direct link of this photo
Copy and paste the code below (HTML):
Copy and paste the code below (BBCode):
[URL=https://www.arrse.co.uk/community/gallery/photos/how-about-this-stlyish-motif-for-the-arrse-angels-t-shirts.1012/]How about this stlyish Motif for the ARRSE Angels T Shirts[/URL] by [URL=https://www.arrse.co.uk/community/gallery/authors/ozgerbobble.3115/]Ozgerbobble[/URL] on Army Rumour Service
Separate names with a comma.


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On the top of the rock, the flag indicates where you might climb to enjoy a spectacular view. I took a lower path this time, clockwise from the high part of the village, which brought me to a road that swerves around the village, where there are many shops for tourists.
For any use: see my Profile. NOTE: Many of my pictures are in sub-galleries (some within another, their name is in bold print)!


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Sometimes when you're programming, it is useful to have a function or procedure actually call itself as part of its operation. This is called recursion. Recursion is often useful when dealing with hierarchical data structures. Manipulating data that has a parent-child relationship is an ideal environment to make recursive calls.
XML data, by its very design, is hierarchical. A parent node has one or more children, and any of the children may have children themselves. There's usually no way to know if a particular element will have children, nor will you know how many children it may have. So writing a recursive function to handle the processing of XML data is an effective technique. In this article, I'll show how you can do this with ColdFusion MX.
The Mindmap XML
I use a piece of software called Mindmapper to brainstorm ideas and help me visually architect software. It allows for the arrangement of hierarchical sets of elements into trees and makes it easy to modify these trees. It also allows you to save the data out as XML. I realized that it might be useful to be able to save a Mindmap as XML, parse through it, and use the data in a ColdFusion application. I'll use this scenario as the basis for an example of writing a recursive function.
The XML generated by Mindmapper is structured like Listing A. (It actually has some other elements related to formatting, which I have omitted.)
For this example, I'll build a slightly more complex Mindmap (Figure A) to manipulate. I'll save the Mindmap as an XML file, which I can then use in the recursive function example.
|Figure A
|A Mindmap
The first step in the process is reading in the XML file and turning it into a ColdFusion XML Object:
<cfsavecontent variable="rawXML">
<cfinclude template="businessleads.xml">
<cfset parsedXML = xmlParse( rawXML )>
Basically, xmlParse() turns the XML into a nested series of arrays and structures. I can now manipulate the data using ColdFusion's array and structure functions.
Next, I need to think about what information I want to extract from the XML. In this case, I want each Mindmap element's name, along with its position in the XML hierarchy. By knowing its position, I can output the data later and format it to match the original hierarchy by indenting it, etc.
Now, I can start writing the recursive function itself. I call it recurseMindmapXML(), and it will take two arguments. The first is the path of the element inside the XML Object I want. The first time the function is called, this defaults to parsedxml.MindMapper.item, which is the path to the root element. As the function recursively calls itself, this path will change to reflect the position of the current element. The second argument is depth, meaning the current depth into the XML tree. This is zero when the function is first called, but it also will be updated as the recursion takes place.
The function itself is mainly a loop. You loop through the first element in the XML and capture its name, its depth into the XML tree, and its path in the XML Object. Then, the function looks to see whether the current element has any children. If it does, it recursively calls recurseMindmapXML() and passes updated arguments for the path and depth.
As you iterate through the XML elements, the depth always reflects how far down the XML tree you are. When depth gets back to zero and there are no more child elements to loop over, you know you are finished. The recursion ends and the final data is returned. In a recursive function, it is always critical that the recursion bottom out somewhere. Otherwise, the function will keep calling itself forever. Listing B shows the code for the recurseMindmapXML() function.
The function builds an array of structures. Each array element corresponds to an element from the XML tree, and each array's structure holds the element name, depth, and path. When executed against the sample Mindmap XML, the resulting array of structures looks like Figure B.
|Figure B
|Recursion result
After the function runs, the XML data is in a format that can be easily manipulated or output by ColdFusion. For example, the code in Listing C would output each element's name, indented appropriately.
A simple recursion
This simple function is finished, and it does its job well. A nice benefit of using a function like this is that it is easy to modify. If you decide that other information is needed about each element (perhaps its parent), you can add it very quickly. The function can also be generalized to recurse through any type of XML, not just the Mindmap XML. This example should give you an idea of how useful recursive functions can be and how easy they are to create in ColdFusion.


text: I found these in a local Facebook group. The seller lives 25 miles away, but is willing to meet me half way to make the deal. Size is 11.5 and they're asking $130. They look legit when compared to the official photos on the Nike launch calendar. Replicas can be hard to spot sometimes, so can I get a LC from you guys please? Thanks!


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Posted in mp3s, Music, Radiohead | Leave a Comment »
How cool is this song? And whose is your favourite version?
The one thing that seems so difficult to pin down about the song is its origin. Who definitively wrote the words, the chords and the melody cannot be actually be identified from the potted history presented on Wikipedia.
I plan to try and find and listen to the various recordings to make up my own mind, but perhaps, as they imply, the song developed through the ages, each new performer adding their own touches. What is evident to me just from the number of goes at it is that it's a great and a lasting song.
The arrangement most folks probably know the best was done by the Animals, and it's one fine piece of work, arguably the best. Although the songwriting credit and royalties go entirely to keyboardist Alan Price, according to singer Burdon, "this was simply because there was insufficient room to name all five band members on the record label, and Alan Price's name was first alphabetically". That version was performed by the Animals who were [at the time] Eric Burdon (vocals), Bryan Chandler (bass), Alan Price (keys), John Steel (Drums), and Hilton Valentine (guitar).
Nina Simone's version isn't bad either – like she could perform anything badly! And I was surprised to note she recorded her version before The Animals, too. But most surprising to me after I investigated a couple of leads from the Wikipedia article – was my own response to a very evocative version I'd never heard before. I shouldn't have been surprised, considering this is Bob Dylan we're talking about. It is worth a listen.
However, his fantastic performance aside, that Dylan credited himself with writing the song raises the context of questionable ethics as apparently Dave Van Ronk argued that he first wrote the altered chords we know today, and that Dylan had copied his version which Van Ronk had performed many times by the early sixties. Not knowing the details of this dispute I cannot comment but it isn't first tale I've heard of Dylan "stealing" someone else's ideas. It doesn't change the generally accepted observation that in his own right he is one of the best songwriters we've ever known, but it does disappoint.
Dylan didn't win in the money stakes on this song, though. If you ask about the publishing rights to the song itself, it is EMI Publishing, and royalties do indeed just go to Alan Price. That to me seems unfair. His organ performance on the Animals' version was undoubtedly very very good, but there's more to that version than the keyboards.
Posted in indie music, itunes, mp3, mp3s, Music | Tagged Alan Price, bob dylan, Dave Van Ronk, musicology, Nina Simone, The Animals, the house of the rising sun | Leave a Comment »
…when we already knew how to make electric cars …
Why the f&*^ did we let this happen? [this is a rhetorical question]
Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a Comment »
Anybody here using Spotify? How awesome is it!
Thought I'd put a post up for anyone who wants to share their playlist.
Mine is here.
Posted in Cheap, itunes | Tagged alex, duncan, free, itunes, Music, spotify | Leave a Comment »
…just a short and sweet message from a faithful Cadbury chocolate bar eater.
I'm sure I've even blogged about the total godsend of the Return of the Wispa at some point, such is my love of the chocolate… no hiding the fact.
Just… bugger it, I hate to generalise, but Americans just can't make chocolate! I went on holiday there once. Great place. But something about the use of sugar cane – or their recipe is just a bit wrong? Has anyone in the UK actually ever chosen to buy themselves Galaxy chocolate rather than being given one as a gift that was bought on special?
So, that's it, my blog on the subject. It strikes fear and sadness into my brown chocolatey heart to contemplate a world where all the good things – the quality, the subtlety and the history deeply ingrained into the great recipes and the great trade secrets – get lost in the mire of corporate profit.
Those damned Americans, they took away my oat krunchies, now they threaten my Wispas. What next? James Bond? Oh yeah… too late.
Long live the Cadbury chocolate bar as it currently stands, and a warning to Cadbury – your brand is respected and loved for a reason. Do not succumb to greed.
Posted in Uncategorized | Tagged cadbury, finance, kraft, news, shareholders, stockmarket, takeover | 2 Comments »
The new album has arrived and is available here
Over 10 years ago Rolling Stone magazine called this artist "classy and promising".
Comprising a selection of songs from a catalogue of over 200 written over more than 10 years, the album Early Days marks a by turns melancholy, angry, joyous, sexy, personal, pathway through love, life and fantasy biography.
With a sound very much his own, Duncan Alex covers a variety of styles within the pop/rock genre with discernable influences coming through, like scents "swimming in the breeze" [to quote the track 'Born on the 29th'].
A final note about this album. It is entirely self-made with the exception of two guest tracks.
You can preview the entire album for free here
Lyrics for the album are here
Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a Comment »
Posted in Uncategorized | Leave a Comment »


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Unbeatable computer services in Kuils River and surrounds
In today's day and age, computers are used by almost all businesses and households. Computers are used for both professional and personal use, but in both instances, can be difficult for laypeople to fix or maintain - this is where the professionals come in! Many people rely on computer stores for assistance when a problem arises or to purchase computer related products. In Kuils River, you will find a number of specialised computer stores which offer the repair of computers as well as the sale of computer related goods.
Many of the computer shops in Kuils River offer IT support services as well as computer repair services. The staff at these stores are expertly trained in the inner workings of what is often the confusing world of computing devices, be it desktop PCs, laptops, tablets or notebooks. Viruses and malware are also software repairs that the staff are able to remove from computers be it remotely or in-store.
Kuils River computer stores are also stocked full of the latest computer software, including Microsoft Windows, Mac OS and specialist design software such as the Adobe programs. Also on sale are the crucial Microsoft Office programs and antivirus software. There is a variety of software on sale which is suitable for both home and office use.
The main products to be found in the computer stores in Kuils River are computer hardware products. Hardware products include the physical elements of a computer such as hard drives, motherboards, CPU's, monitors, etc. One can also find computer related products such as printers, scanners, keyboards, speakers, mice and USB flash sticks in these stores, along with consumables such as DVD's, CD's, Blu-Ray disks and printer cartridges.
All of the Kuils River computer stores are up to date with the newest, red-hot technology and all have staff who are happy to help customers make the smartest decisions when it comes to buying computers and computer related products.


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Next time an overcast day is getting you down, have a read of Byron's poem "Darkness":
"I had a dream, which was not all a dream./The bright sun was extinguish'd, and the stars/Did wander darkling in the eternal space…"
The romantic poet was describing what we'd now call a "major weather event". Ice-cold temperatures were assailing Europe and Byron, from his villa on Lake Geneva, was inspired to meditate on the relentless cycle of dark days. In so doing, he captured the general mood that there was a metaphysical foreboding in the unseasonable conditions.
Back then, Byron couldn't know that the dark skies were the result of an ash cloud spewing out of Mount Tambora in Indonesia and enfolding the earth. "The world was void," he wrote, referencing the opening lines of Genesis.
The recent floods only take us as far back as Noah, but they have already served to make winter 2013-14 memorable. No one can have failed to see the glint in the eyes of television reporters in the past few weeks. Partly this was due to being thrust into the limelight – or the meteorological equivalent: sheeting rain, neck-bending wind, deepish waters of faecal hue.
But they intuitively knew they were serving a purpose beyond mere news. In our scientific era, their heightened emotion and their weather forecaster colleagues' apocalyptic maps provide us with something akin to a Byronic thrill.
Note Jon Kay's language in the BBC Six O'clock News while reporting from East Lyng in Somerset: "Yes, Fiona, It might look like I'm standing at the seaside, but this is farmland, flooded farmland. The winds today have been incredible… It's Valentine's Day, but not the time for a romantic walk in the countryside."
This same bulletin closed with this hyperbole from Duncan Kennedy: "Winter 2014, with today, Valentine's Day, quite possibly the moment Britain finally ended its love affair with the weather."
A girl splashes through flood water in Ruishton, Somerset (Photo: Getty)
The corniness was standard Beeb, but the logic is flawed. If anything, the recent deluge has intensified our relationship with the weather. It changed lives and – if we're absolutely honest – no one saw it coming.
"I really like the fact that for all the giant steps we've taken in weather forecasting we still can't get it exactly right," says Charlie Connelly, author of Bring Me Sunshine, a funny and fact-packed romp through the history of the British relationship with the weather.
"We're arrogant enough as a species to think we can not only anticipate but harness – and in some cases even create – the weather, so the fact that we can't control it or predict it with total accuracy is a useful reminder that we're not as clever as we think we are. Nature will always have the upper hand and will, in the great scheme of things, always win.
"It's handy to be reminded of that sometimes, and anyway, if the world was entirely predictable what an absolute f---ing bore it would be."
The weather grows in importance as we age. One of the advantages of insomnia is a familiarity with Radio Four's shipping forecast at the start and close of each day. All the broadsheets devote acres of space to weather news, while the middle-brow dailies love to run cover stories threatening storms that never come. Within the strict social conventions of neighbourly banter, the weather fills a thousand awkward gaps.
But I wonder too if the domesticated, hard-working adult male needs the slings and arrows of weather as a substitute for the dramas of youth. Don't we imagine the weather as a projection of the inner "weather" of our heart and mind? Where a twentysomething enjoys a stormy affair, a midlifer might enjoy an affair with storms. Perhaps we're all little Akhnatens, turning to the sky for the divine truth.
"I do think the activities of the heavens draw our attention skyward, probably for deep-set reasons," says Connelly.
"Who knows, maybe it dates back to the earliest times when we tramped around barefoot with animal bones in our beards and were mesmerised by the movements of the clouds and the things that fell out of them. Maybe that's when we invented religion, as an attempt to explain why we were being soaked and strafed by things falling inexplicably out of the sky. Maybe God is just the weather."
Sometimes I phone Bob, a friend in Devon, to see how he is, and ask how his sky is looking. When it's wilder in south-west England than it is in my part of Wales I feel weather-envy.
"The weather is one of the more interesting, less predictable things in my life," Bob says. "I love a good storm. It makes me feel alive. And, when I get up early and go down to Blackpool Sands after one and see the world is still there, it touches something deep inside me."
These "deep" connections start early. My mum's complaints about the rain soundtracked my long school holidays, just as jovial cries of "Pimms!" punctuate the summers of Home Counties kids.
But it wasn't so much the wetness or cold that affected me as the unreliability of everything: in mid-August scudding clouds would ensure chilly shadows played with us all day long. As a result, I've become a wind man – I love a good gust, especially when out walking on high ground or the coast.
I like to tell myself that it blows away the cobwebs of life, but I also suspect the wind has something of the insane about it.
Britain is full of amateur weather watchers. I joined online forum, UKWeatherWatch.co.uk, where up to 300 members log on at any one time to swap and compare data.
Kevin Tomlinson, 44, from Aberporth in West Wales and one of the forum's coordinators, told me he was a snow man.
"I got into weather when I was a kid and it started as a snow-only obsession. I used to be constantly phoning the local weather station during winter looking to find the earliest hint of snow.
"It's the way it affects everyone and the rarity which makes it so special. I'm the first one walking around in it as it falls. You see others walking around smiling and chatting to you, who normally wouldn't even give you a second glance. Everything is so quiet and the whole landscape looks pretty.
"I have spent many a night awake waiting for it to start, just so I can get out in it and walk around. I even used to jump in the car when, at sea level, where I lived, there was just had sleet. I would drive inland to the highest hills so I could go for a walk. I got caught out once and needed a tractor to pull me out of a drift."
There's something about bad-weather men that reassures me, makes me think they're thoughtful. Give me a Kevin Tomlinson any day rather than a sun-fiend or heat-seeker.
Connelly says he's a "fog man", enjoying the sensory deprivation and the fact that "we can't touch fog; it's always just out of reach. When heavy fog deprives us of the constant external stimulation we're used to it forces introspection and makes us more aware of ourselves.
"What does it say about me? That I'm scared of the world, or something."
Men are often being taken to task for not talking about their emotions, but the weather seems to elicit confessions. Perhaps those in touch with the elements are more in touch with their feelings too.
Tomlinson says that the anticipation of a major weather event turns all the forum members into kids again.
"You can see the whole tone of people's post change as excitement gets hold when the models predict a snowfest, only for it to go pear-shaped as we get a last-minute shift in the pattern and we miss out.
"The chase is almost as exciting as the kill and can lead to many sleepless nights as it gets closer."
That sounds a lot more exciting to me than watching yet another football match or going ten-pin bowling. Biblically, psychologically, poetically and viscerally, the weather is far more than something to moan about from time to time.
Sadly, though, the weather-watchers are in hiding. "There aren't many down the pub I've told about my site because of the stigma attached to us being 'nerds'," Tomlinson says.
I suspect Byron would have bought these particular nerds a pint.


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There are times when the most brilliant ideas are really simple, like the one that earned Suzan Karcaaltincaba the coveted Girl Scout Silver Award.
There are times when the most brilliant ideas are really simple, like the one that earned Suzan Karcaaltincaba the coveted Girl Scout Silver Award.
The epiphany came to 14-year-old Suzan last year when a neighbor of her grandmother's fell in her apartment and was trapped between her bed and the wall for several days. A concerned neighbor discovered the woman, who had been unable to move and was too far away from a pull cord that would have brought help.
"She ended up being OK," said Suzan's grandmother, Barbara McBride, 77. "But it was scary. It could happen to anyone, and how are we to know who is OK and who is not in their apartment?"
That got the teenager thinking and ultimately became the "Watching Over Your Neighbor" project. Over the course of a month and 80 hours of time invested, along with a mass of materials, Suzan handmade 170 door hangers for the residents at Trinity Villas in Ocala.
"I kind of took the idea from the 'Do not Disturb' door hangers you see in hotels. But I decorated them and put 'Good Morning, I'm OK' on one side and 'Good Night' on the other," Suzan said.
The residents loved the colorful door hangers, adorned with smiley faces, owls, stars and sparkles. Each resident received one with a flyer explaining how to use it and why it is a good idea to do so.
Debbie Crawford, Trinity Village's property administrator, said she was impressed with the teenager's hard work. "Many of these people don't get up and go out of their apartments a whole lot. This way, neighbors know who is OK and who they may need to check on based on their door hanger," Crawford said.
Everyone was so impressed, in fact, that West Central Florida Girl Scouts presented the Silver Award to Suzan on Wednesday at Trinity Villas. With a packed house of neighbors, Girl Scout Troop 570 members and family, the inventive teen was honored for her level of commitment and service to the community.
Julie Linhart, the Scout program's pathway manager, was on hand for the festivities. She said this is the second-highest award in Girl Scouting. The Gold Award is the highest.
"Only 20 percent of girls achieve this level. This level of dedication and commitment is impressive," Linhart said of Suzan's Silver Award.
Also impressive is Suzan's busy schedule and how she manages it flawlessly, even with the typical teenage demands of Facebook, texting and time with friends. She also is a troop leader for Brownie Troop 344 out of Fort McCoy, is in Vanguard High School's pre-veterinary program and is raising a lamb for the FFA Fair in the spring.
And she's not done yet. Suzan already has her plan formulated to win the Gold Award.
"I am doing a garden beautification project next," she said. "And I am also continuing to make the door hangers, of course. As people move away or move in, they will definitely need more."
"I am so proud of Suzan," said her mother, Cathy Karcaaltincaba. "She sure keeps me busy."


text: The power of real sugar beets in an easy to use pourable liquid form! Sugar Beet Crush Juiced is a gooey, gel mineral mixture that attracts quick but is also long lasting to keep your deer coming back to the mineral site. Whatever way you use it, deer simply won't be able to resist this mineral site.