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Parks Associates: Over 25% of Video Viewing Occurs on Platforms Other Than TV
CONNECTIONS(TM) at TIA 2012 features special sessions on OTT video services
"One-third of U.S. broadband households streamed a TV show in the past 30 days, and these consumer viewing habits are raising expectations for new service offerings," said Brett Sappington, Director, Research, Parks Associates. "Proliferation of connected CE is both an opportunity for and a potential threat to traditional pay-TV services. New companies are entering this space, offering alternative services and business models that are attractive to consumers. To keep their edge, service providers have to address consumption on these platforms with a clear value proposition."
Parks Associates will host "The Future of OTT Video: Monetization Strategies," with Sappington presenting research from the firm's "Choosing Content: Video Viewing" research service. The session will be on Tuesday, June 5, the first day of Parks Associates' 16th Annual CONNECTIONS(TM) : The Digital Living Conference and Showcase. The conference will be co-located at TIA 2012: Inside the Network, June 5-7, at the Gaylord Texan and includes the Connected Home Pavilion on the TIA exhibit floor.
CONNECTIONS(TM) at TIA will feature keynote speakers Kevin Petersen, Senior Vice President - AT&T Digital Life, AT&T Services, and Mike Ritter, Chief Marketing Officer, Consumer & Mass Business Markets, Verizon.
"Each week, roughly 25% of all U.S. broadband households watch video on a mobile phone, and the average broadband user watches 36 minutes of video on a tablet," Sappington said. "At CONNECTIONS(TM) at TIA, Parks Associates will discuss how emerging OTT services must offer quick access to interesting content, attractive business models, and access on multiple screens and not require purchase of a new, stand-alone device."
CONNECTIONS(TM) at TIA 2012 sponsors include CEA, IBM, Actiontec, Affinegy, Allegro Software, Digitalsmiths, PacketVideo, Quatrro, Sutherland Global Services, Waterstone Management Group, Irdeto, and Sigma Designs.
More information about TIA 2012: Inside the Network and CONNECTIONS(TM) at TIA can be found at tia2012.org and www.connectionsconference.com.
About CONNECTIONS(TM) at TIA
The 16th annual CONNECTIONS(TM) : The Digital Living Conference and Showcase will be co-located with TIA 2012: Inside the Network on June 5-7 at the Gaylord Hotel, Dallas, Texas. Hosted by international research firm Parks Associates, CONNECTIONS(TM) at TIA 2012 focuses on innovative solutions for the connected consumer and leading strategies to monetize digital content, mobile applications and services, value-added services, connected consumer electronics, and home systems.
The executive research conference includes presentations from Parks Associates' leading analysts and visionary sessions featuring executives in the connected entertainment and digital home technology industries. CONNECTIONS(TM) at TIA 2012 also features The Connected Home Pavilion, an area on the TIA exhibit floor where attendees can preview demos from operators, manufacturers, and solutions providers for the digital home.
For more information, contact email@example.com, call 972-490-1113, visit www.connectionsconference.com.
About TIA
The Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) represents manufacturers and suppliers of global communications networks through standards development, policy and advocacy, business opportunities, market intelligence, and events and networking. TIA enhances the business environment for broadband, mobile wireless, information technology, networks, cable, satellite and unified communications. Members' products and services empower communications in every industry and market, including healthcare, education, security, public safety, transportation, government, the military, the environment, and entertainment. Visit tiaonline.org.
Parks Associates
Parks Associates is an internationally recognized market research and consulting company specializing in emerging consumer technology products and services. Founded in 1986, Parks Associates creates research capital for companies ranging from Fortune 500 to small start-ups through market reports, primary studies, consumer research, custom research, workshops, executive conferences, and annual service subscriptions.
The company's expertise includes digital media and platforms, entertainment and gaming, home networks, Internet and television services, digital health, mobile applications and services, support services, consumer apps, advanced advertising, consumer electronics, energy management, and home control systems and security.
Each year, Parks Associates hosts industry webcasts, the CONNECTIONS(TM) Conference Series, and Smart Energy Summit: Engaging the Consumer. http://www.parksassociates.com


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Wikki Tourist FC dispatched 3SC FC of Ibadan with two goals from Victor Yakubu in the match played at the Tafawa Balewa Stadium Bauchi, while Gabros were also two goals better in their game against Warri Wolves in Nnewi.In Jalingo, FC Taraba defeated Rangers International of Enugu 3-2, while Bayelsa United forced Lobi Stars FC of Makurdi to 1-1 score draw inside the Samuel Ogbemudia Stadium in Benin City.Lobi Stars FC got the opener in the 43rd minute of play and Bayelsa United FC Eric Frimpong 70th minute effort saved his side from a home defeat.In Kano, El-Kanemi Warriors FC defeated Nasarawa United FC through a goal scored by Abraham Audu in the 40th minute of the game. Enyimba International FC of Aba was held to a goalless draw in Aba by Akwa United FC while the match between Giwa FC and Abia Warriors in Jos did not produce any goal.On Saturday, the double header in Port Harcourt ended in barren draws as both Kwara United FC and Sunshine Stars FC ran home with a vital point against Dolphins FC and Sharks FC respectively.
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Why Sponsor this Summit?
The North America 2017 Summit is EyeforTravel's largest and most established flagship event for global and regional travel brands who want to meet and hear from the industry's most respected thought leaders. This holistic summit covers all areas of online travel - distribution, revenue management, marketing & social media, mobile & innovation, and data, analytics and personalization.  NA 2017 is the perfect platform to showcase cutting edge technology solutions, professional services and innovative strategies which will propel travel brands ahead of their competitors.
With over 350 + senior level travel professionals attending the event, it is the most efficient and cost effective way for you to:
Showcase Your Brand to Just the Right People:
Before, during and after the event including access to online travel executives visiting the website, direct access to over 350 senior travel industry executives at the event and via our online networking centre.
Dedicated track sessions as part of the conference:
By demonstrating and informing those who need your products, services and technology
Use the Platform to Engage Audiences:
Take control of your brand to create a compelling story which reaches your customers and keeps them coming back for more
Meet The Senior Decision Makers in Your Industry:
Take advantage of our Sponsorship/Exhibition packages to make new contacts, strengthen existing partnerships and build lasting relationships.
We offer:
- Speaking opportunities
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Brands who attended in 2016
Video overview of our last event:
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Olympus SP-560 UZ review
This is NOT a good camera ! Images lack quality, colour and precision (even in good dayllight). Why Olympus would tarnish its good name with such a dud is beyond me (I've owned 4 of their cameras).
. looks good, feels great in your hands
. indoor flash photos are ok
. soft images that lack detail and precision
. lots of noise at medium to low daylight
. movement in sports mode in morning daylight is always blurred (I photograph althletes)
. colours are warm and disappointing
Don't buy this camera is you like good clear and precise images. Im going back to using my Old Olympus 770 until I find a good replacement in another brand.
The 560 has been updated with the 570 - watch for the lab reports and owners reviews before buying one.
|dennis dogman's score
|Average community score
|See all 12 reviews »


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Mold Retired teacher
- The hotel was great but the restaurant was a disappointment. The choice was not to our taste.
It was very convenient for the airport and the staff were helpful and friendly.
Published on: 20 October 2017
The 4-star Novotel Hotel Birmingham Airport is just minutes from the terminal, while the National Exhibition centre is a 90-second Skyrail ride away. If convenience and luxury top your list, then look no further.
With its large, modern rooms, the Novotel's accommodation is perfect for all types of travellers - and the sound-proofed bedrooms ensure a restful night is enjoyed by all. In-room facilities include a 26-inch flat-screen TV - complete with pay-per-view channels - Wi-Fi internet access and air-conditioning, while other essentials include en suite bathroom with bathtub, mini-bar and complimentary tea and coffee.
The Elements Restaurant makes the ideal dining location, with a varied international a la carte menu to suit all tastes. Elements also offers a variety of vegetarian dishes and is open when you need it, with food served from 05.00am-22.30pm.
Alongside the restaurant, guests can also visit Elements Bar, which offers a large selection of drinks and a tasty snack menu - and 24-hour service.
Along with business facilities and a fitness centre, the Novotel is an especially child-friendly hotel. Safe play areas, special menus and late check-out - up to 5.00pm on Sundays - are all offered to help all family members feel suitably pampered.
The centre of Birmingham is 15 minutes away by train, while the thriving Birmingham suburb of Solihull, with excellent shopping and varied entertainment, is less than a 10 minutes away.
|Star rating
No transfers to the Airport. 2 minute walk to the terminals
|Check in / check out
Earliest Check In: 14:00
|Parking options
Parking is at APH Hams Hall. Customers drive to APH, park and will be transferred to the airport where Novotel is located.
Parking with Meteor meet and greet service drive to the airport on the night of stay drop off your car with Meteor and take a short walk to the hotel which is directly opposite the Terminal building.
|Room types available
Double, Twin, Family
|Room Facilities
En suite
|Hotel Amenities
Elements Restaurant 05:00 to 22:30
|Breakfast Options
Breakfast is not included.
|Disabled Facilities
6 accessible rooms.
|Internet Available
WiFi Wireless Internet Access
|Local Information
Nearest Motorway : M42 2 miles
Need help deciding which Birmingham Airport Hotel is right for you? Call us on 01342 859442 and one of our team will be happy to help you.


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Duration: 2min 25sec Views: 24 299 Submitted: 4 years ago Submitted by:
Description: If you haven't seen Latina pornstar Jasmine Black yet, now is the perfect time. In this scorching video she puts her shaved pussy on a thick prick and bounces her curvy body up and down while showing off her big natural tits.
Pornstars: Jasmine Black


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Got the message? Heartbroken ex calls out cheater with banner
A woman on High Park, Southport was left red faced after her jilted ex left her a very obvious message to wake up to.
The heartbroken ex put together a clever festive themed banner and hung it up outside his former partners house.
The sign attracted a ton of attention thin and parents on a school run were spotted pulling up in their cars to take photos.
Submit News Contact us with your community, business or sport news. Phone 07581350321
Email firstname.lastname@example.com
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Breaking local news as it happens, searchable archives with photographs, the ability to instantly comment on news articles – there are so many advantages to OTS (Onthespot) News.
If you want your news read locally online then send it to firstname.lastname@example.com – relying only on the newspaper is to restrict yourself to an ever reducing audience.


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|14 Dec 2013
That is really weird. You got to find out what that device is.
Have you tried checking the Hardware IDs for it?
Deep in the recesses of my ancient brain I recall dealing with this before, but I can't remember what it was. If it comes to me I will post back!
|My System Specs
|15 Dec 2013
I thank you for trying, sir. Much appreciated. I'll get this figured out eventually...
|My System Specs
|15 Dec 2013
I tried by following AMD's instructions here:
How-To Uninstall AMD Catalyst Drivers From A Windows Based System
I didn't know they had an uninstall tool. Were do I get it?
|My System Specs
|15 Dec 2013
windows 7 home 64bit
Hi there .. I can not find it on their website ... Read the Link below .. Some people have said it messed up their System ...But i have known other that it did work for ...
AMD Catalyst Un-install Utility 126.96.36.199 Download - TechSpot
|My System Specs
|15 Dec 2013
Hi there .. I can not find it on their website ... Read the Link below .. Some people have said it messed up their System ...But i have known other that it did work for ...
AMD Catalyst Un-install Utility 220.127.116.11 Download - TechSpot
|My System Specs
|15 Dec 2013
I believe the uninstall tool is in the CCC (Catalyst Control Center).
Did you get a chance to check the Hardware ID's?
|My System Specs
|15 Dec 2013
I did check the Hardware IDs, but I'm afraid I don't understand what to do with them, or what they mean.
|My System Specs
|15 Dec 2013
Here is what you do:
There are only two 4-digit codes you are concerned with. See that first blue highlighted line? Your VEN code is 1407, and your DEV code is 8000. You make note of these.
Then you go here:
PCI Vendor and Device Lists
and enter the codes (one at a time) in the appropriate fields.
We find that the VENdor (manufacturer) is "Lava Computer Manufacturing Inc."
And that the DEVice is (most likely) a "Lava Parallel"
There are many other devices with a DEV code of 8000, but that is the only one by Lava Manufacturing.
So now I got to ask, do you have a parallel port on that machine?
|My System Specs
|15 Dec 2013
|My System Specs
|15 Dec 2013
Windows 7 met a dinosaur and freaked out!
Be sure to uninstall it (probably Standard VGA too) in Device Manager before yanking it.
|My System Specs
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OmniCorpDetroit is a collective of makers / entrepreneurs / creators / artists / engineers / musicians and others who come together in a repurposed industrial building in Eastern Market to work on projects, learn and share together.
OCD is having a Maker Faire pre-party on Friday July 29th at 9pm with amazing DJs, bike polo and general all around good times!! This will be followed by a party at our friend i3 Detroit on Saturday July 30th at 9pm!! This will truly be a crazy weekend of making and parting… WE CAN'T WAIT!!!
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- Vinegar –4 oz
- Vodka –3 tsp
- Grapefruit — 9 drops
- Lavender — 5 drops
- Lemon — 6 drops
- Peppermint — 3 drops
- Rosemary — 4 drops
- Sage — 6 drops
Add to 2 cups purified water. Blend the oils together, add them to the vodka, and shake well. Let settle for half an hour, then add the vinegar and shake well. Pour mixture into 2 cups purified water and shake well.
Finally, pass the liquid through a paper coffee filter. The longer you leave the essential oils in the vodka and vinegar mix before adding to the water, the stronger the scent will be.
Controlling Body Odor
Deodorite is a natural, safe and effective herbal and homeopathic remedy to cleanse, control body odor and reduce excessive perspiration.
This is an internal remedy for treating the underlying causes of body odor. The formula has been specially manufactured to improve the elimination of toxins from the body, promote healthy liver functioning and reduce excessive perspiration.
Formulated by our team of experts in natural medicine, Deodorite is pharmaceutically manufactured to the highest standards.
Learn more about Deodorite now.
Why do we promote this?


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KINGSWAY High School's 44th pupil-produced musical, 'Let's Burlesque' based on the movie 'Burlesque', will be staged from 3 to 6 May.
The local high school, known for its amazing pupil-led productions over the years, is bringing a twist of glitz and glamour this year.
The Los Angeles based movie entails Alice moving to the big city after a fall-out with her former boss. After trying and failing at every audition, Alice unwittingly finds herself in a burlesque club after following the music in from the street. She finds Tess and the dancers performing and on meeting Jack, decides to pursue a career on stage. Rejected at an audition immediately, Alice isn't disheartened and carries on her climb up to the glitz and glamour of Burlesque-themed dancing.
Main characters include Asanda Mngadi as 'Vincent', Connor Dewar as 'Vaughn', Mitchell Whiting as 'Shaun', Sabastian Hide as 'Jack', Lisa Hlatshwayo as 'Alice', Jordyn Canning as 'Nikkie', Thobeka Phahla as 'Tess', Asanda Hlophe as 'Markus' and Chanelle Matthee as 'Marilyn'.
With Renee Beetge as the producer, Michaela Botha as co-producer, Cayla Halliwell as manager, Lauren Williams and Hope Bowley choreographing and Pride Khumalo and Phumelele Mbatha as singers, the musical promises a true Burlesque experience.
Tickets are available through the Kingway High School's finance office.
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Villian for Ghost of China Town episode? by Spyruto99Watch
©2014-2017 Spyruto99
I think this is the thing that kidnaps April.
What the shell is that?
Isn't that one of those mushroom things?
What is that?
I think it's a flying saucer with arms growing out of it
is this taileron youtube anywhere
That means karai isn't in it


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The Pacifica School District community bade a fond farewell to longtime board member Mike O'Neill last Wednesday. O'Neill, a PSD board member for 14 years, won a seat on City Council in November.
The board will appoint a new member to fill the remaining two years of O'Neill's term. (See sidebar story; the deadline to apply is Jan. 7.)
Outgoing Assembly Member Jerry Hill, who won a seat on the State Senate this last election, presented O'Neill and the two other outgoing board members, Eileen Manning-Villar and Cynthia Kaufman, with Resolutions of Appreciation from the state assembly.
He thanked them for their years of service to improve the PSD and for their advocacy work pressing legislators to find more funding for education. He said he was hopeful with the passage of State Proposition 30, funding for education should be getting closer to what it should be.
The board presented O'Neill with a present that was unique and keep everyone in the room laughing heartily for a long time. The board members created a customized Monopoly board with local Pacifica streets. The game had playing cards that represented both the good and bad about being a board member with associated cash prizes or hard luck payments. The cards included "winning the kindergarten lottery," "no veggies for school lunch-pay $500," "get out of detention on a technicality – collect $100," "lice infestation," school bus breaks down," "board president pays each board member $100," "parcel tax fails – pay $100 for each property you own, "beach – free parking." In his PSD Resolution of Appreciation, the board members referred to O'Neill as "Mr. Monopoly, a champion of creative ideas in properties and finances."
The resolution acknowledged his long hours volunteering for fundraisers and his involvement in community organizations, including Pacifica Boys and Girls Club, Pacifica Spindrift Players and the Pacifica Library Foundation. He recently launched the first Treasures and Trivia event, which supports local businesses and non-profit organizations.
Several people spoke to wish O'Neill well. Mayor Pro Tem Len Stone said O'Neill has an encyclopedic knowledge of Pacifica and he looks forward to working with him on City Council. JUHSD board member Kalimah Salahuddin spoke of O'Neill's tireless efforts to get a pancake breakfast cooked and served at Sunset Ridge and again for his efforts to help out with the Chocolate Fest fundraiser at Ingrid B. Lacy Middle School.
Former PSD baord member Eric Ruchames, whose seat O'Nell filled 14 yeas ago, thanked O'Neill for his years of service.
"I appreciate your commitment to the community and not just for one cause. I commend you for being an open book," he said.
Senator Hill said, "You shaped this district. You have helped make this district what it is today. I look at you as a Renaissance Man. You get your hands dirty and make your community and your family a success."
The other board members thanked O'Neill for helping so many children in all his years of service on the board and for helping pass the parcel tax campaign.
"I appreciate your warmth and sense of humor," said Kaufman, the board president. "Thanks for all those out-of-the-box suggestions."
O'Neill said his years of service began shortly after the passage of a facilities bond for modernization. He was one of the board members who oversaw that remodeling and the consolidation of school sites. The decline of state funding was a familiar refrain.
"There were only two years when there has been an increase in funding," he said. "But we have turned out a great product, and that's our kids."
He mentioned there were many times teachers and principals reached out to kids who needed a little extra push and saw that their needs were met, be it purchasing an alarm clock to wake up for school or buying them a hot meal.
"Working with this school district has been one of the greatest honors I've ever had," he said.
While O'Neill is transitioning to City Council, the other departing board members have plans to stay active in community service.
Manning-Villar, an attorney, said she was going to increase her caseload of juvenile delinquency appeals and spend her volunteer hours on juvenile advocacy.
She is active in a juvenile advocacy organization called the Pacific Juvenile Defense Center. She plans to apply to be on one of the San Mateo County commissions involving juvenile justice.
Asked to describe the biggest problem facing PSD, Manning-Villar replied it was underfunding.
"Given the still dire fiscal conditions in our state, PSD is doing relatively well. Nonetheless, in my opinion, obtaining adequate funding continues to be PSD's biggest issue. The state's funding of public education has been flat or declining for the past several years. However, PSD has had many dedicated and giving people working together to minimize the negative effects on our students. The district's staff on all levels, teachers, classified employees, and administrators have all collaborated in impressive ways 'to do more with less.' And the Pacifica community has helped out immensely with its generosity to PSD — donating to fundraisers and enacting parcel taxes. All of this has protected PSD from some of the most dire fallout that other districts in this state have faced — larger class sizes, shorter school years and insolvency. PSD has been very fortunate, but a school district can only shift resources and cut programs for so long before it takes a toll on our kids," she said.
She'll always have fond memories of working with "talented, dedicated and generous people who work hard every day because they love kids and know the importance of a good education for everyone," she said.
Kaufman, director of the Institute of Community and Civic Engagement at De Anza College, where she teaches philosophy, said she has great faith in the leadership of the new superintendent, Wendy Tukloff, the board hired under her watch.
"As she rolled out our new strategic plan I saw just how forward looking her leadership would be. We are really lucky to have such competent and visionary leadership for our kids," she said.
Kaufman said now that she's off the board, she'll have more time to volunteer at her daughter's school (Ocean Shore), work on climate change issues, which has been a longtime passion, and get more exercise. She plans to chair the district's Green Team and hopes to participate as a community member in the development of the district's companion plan for social studies.
"The district is in really great shape even with the incredible underfunding," Kaufman said. "As funding comes back, it would be great for the district to add back more art and music. And, like districts all around the country, it is really important that the district make progress in closing the achievement gap. That involves making the schools more deeply responsive to all the cultures that our students bring to the classroom."


text:
Incretin hormones, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a target for diabetes mellitus (DM) treatment, are associated with cardioprotection. As dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibition increases plasma GLP-1 levels in vivo, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of the DPP-IV inhibitor vildagliptin in a murine heart failure (HF) model. We induced transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in C57BL/6J mice, simulating pressure-overloaded cardiac hypertrophy and HF. TAC or sham-operated mice were treated with or without vildagliptin. An intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test revealed that blood glucose levels were higher in the TAC than in sham-operated mice, and these levels improved with vildagliptin administration in both groups. Vildagliptin increased plasma GLP-1 levels in the TAC mice and ameliorated TAC-induced left ventricular enlargement and dysfunction. Vildagliptin palliated both myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis in TAC mice, demonstrated by histological, gene and protein expression analyses, and improved survival rate on day 28 (TAC with vildagliptin, 67.5%; TAC without vildagliptin, 41.5%; P < 0.05). Vildagliptin improved cardiac dysfunction and overall survival in the TAC mice, both by improving impaired glucose tolerance and by increasing GLP-1 levels. DPP-IV inhibitors represent a candidate treatment for HF patients with or without DM.
- heart failure
- impaired glucose tolerance
- dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor
heart failure (HF) is a leading causes of death in humans worldwide (1, 20, 37, 56), and is often linked to impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes mellitus (DM) (21, 53). DM is a major risk factor for cardiac dysfunction; Lind et al. (28) reported that poor glycemic control among patients with type 1 DM led to a high incidence of cardiovascular events. The energetic substrate utilization of cardiomyocytes under hyperglycemic conditions shifts from glucose to fatty acid oxidation, leading to HF (38). In DM, oxidative stress also causes endothelial dysfunction and decreases endothelial NO release, inducing microangiopathy (13, 31). Either glucose abnormalities or diabetes commonly exists in patients with HF, but as previously reported, patients with diabetes have no worse outcome of HF (50). Our previous clinical study revealed that ∼90% of patients with chronic HF had impaired glucose tolerance (21).
Incretin hormones have recently been proposed as new targets for DM treatment. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an incretin hormone secreted from the lower intestines and colon, which stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. Its receptors are ubiquitously expressed, including in the cardiovascular system (8). GLP-1 is thought to possess cardioprotective properties because of the following three reasons: 1) GLP-1 receptors localize to cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells (3, 57); 2) activation of GLP-1 receptors increases phosphoinositide 3 (PI3)-kinase, serine/threonine protein kinase Akt (Akt), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation, potentially mediating cardioprotection (6, 19); and 3) activation of GLP-1 receptors stimulates p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase via protein kinase A activation, putatively affecting cardioprotection (5, 59) and plasma glucose normalization (16). As dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) rapidly degrades GLP-1, which has a biological half-life of approximately 1.5–5 min (11, 18), both GLP-1 analogs and DPP-IV inhibitors have been developed as new drugs to treat type 2 DM. GLP-1 analogs reportedly ameliorate not only DM but also HF and myocardial ischemia (15, 33, 34, 48, 59), suggesting that DPP-IV inhibitors function cardioprotectively. Indeed, DPP-IV inhibitors are reportedly effective against myocardial infarction in mice and pacing-induced heart failure in pigs (14, 42, 59), suggesting that DPP-IV inhibitors may also affect the survival rate. However, the effects of DPP-IV inhibitors on the pathophysiology of pressure-overloaded HF and survival after HF are unknown.
We aimed to clarify whether vildagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, improves the pathophysiology of HF and increases survival rate in pressure-overloaded mice.
All of the animal care procedures were performed according to the American Physiological Society "Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Vertebrate Animals in Research and Training" and with the approval of the ethical committee of Osaka University.
Animal preparation.
Male C57BL/6J mice (8 wk old, weighing 22–24 g) were purchased from CLEA Japan, (Tokyo, Japan). After 1 wk of observation, either transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or a sham operation was performed as previously described (24). In brief, the transverse aorta was isolated between the carotid arteries and constricted by a 7-0 silk suture ligature tied firmly against a 30-gauge needle. Sham-operated mice underwent a similar surgical procedure without aortic constriction. The needle was promptly removed, and the chest was closed with a 5-0 silk suture. Each surgical procedure was completed within 30 min to maintain the body temperature at 37°C.
Experimental protocol.
Vildagliptin was gifted by Novartis Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland). The sham-operated or TAC mice were randomly divided into two subgroups; the sham-operated group with (n = 10) or without vildagliptin (n = 10) and TAC with (n = 40) or without vildagliptin (n = 41). The vildagliptin treatment subgroups were provided with drinking water containing vildagliptin (10 mg·kg body wt−1·day−1) (39, 58), and the other groups received unsupplemented drinking water from 1 day postsurgery. The mice were allowed to drink ad libitum, and the drinking volumes were measured. The mice were fed a normal chow diet for 4 wk.
Transthoracic echocardiography was performed before euthanasia as previously described (24). In brief, at 4 wk postsurgery, the mice were placed in a supine position without anesthesia. Short-axis, two-dimensional guided M-mode Doppler echocardiograms were captured and analyzed offline using a Vevo 770 High-Resolution in vivo Micro-Imaging System (VisualSonics, Toronto, Canada) equipped with a 15- to 45-MHz transducer. Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic diameter (Dd), end-systolic diameter (Ds), and fractional shortening (FS) were measured. All measurements were made from leading edge to leading edge, according to the American Society of Echocardiography guidelines (22). Percentage FS was calculated as follows: %FS = [(LVDd − LVDs)/LVDd] × 100. The investigator performing and interpreting the echocardiograms was blinded to the subgroups.
Hemodynamic assessment.
To confirm pressure overload, four to five mice in each group were randomly selected for LV pressure measurement, as previously described (27
Analysis of intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test.
Four weeks after either TAC or sham operation, about half of the surviving mice, namely five mice in each sham-operated group and 12 and 8 mice in TAC with and without vildagliptin groups, were randomly selected for an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test following overnight fasting (12–16 h). As overnight fasting and glucose injection might be stressful, we enrolled only half of the surviving mice to reduce the effect on additional deaths. Glucose (1 mg/kg body wt) was injected into the intraperitoneal cavity, as previously described (54). Blood was sampled from the tail prior to and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after glucose administration. Blood glucose concentrations were measured by a glucose meter using the glucose oxidase method (Glutest Ace R; Sanwa Kagaku Kenkyusho, Nagoya, Japan).
GLP-1 measurement [ELISA].
Four weeks after treatment, their chests were opened under anesthesia 1 h after feeding following overnight fasting for GLP-1 measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Blood samples were obtained from the hearts and immediately collected in BD P700 tubes (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) containing EDTA and DPP-IV protease inhibitor cocktail. The tubes were centrifuged at 1,200 g for 10 min to extract plasma. The plasma samples were then stored at −80°C in a freezer until GLP-1 assay. Plasma GLP-1 levels were measured using a Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (Active) ELISA Kit (Millipore, Billerica, MA) according to the manufacturer's instructions (52). The GLP-1 ELISA measures biologically active GLP-1-(7–37) and GLP-1-(7–36)-NH2 but does not cross-react with glucagon, GLP-2, inactive GLP-1-(9–37) or GLP-1-(9–37)-NH2.
Histology and immunohistochemistry.
Histochemical analysis was performed as previously described (25). Briefly, the surviving mice were euthanized after 4 wk of observation. The hearts were harvested, and cardiac tissues were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. The fixed samples were embedded in paraffin and sectioned at 4-μm thickness for picrosirius red staining. The extent of myocardial collagen was analyzed in five hearts from each group (30). The original images were digitized and transformed into binary images, and each area was calculated using ImageJ software (NIH, Bethesda, MD). The total myocardial collagen index was defined as the total area of collagen content in the entire microscopic field divided by the total connective tissue area plus the myocardial area. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed using an ApopTag Peroxidase In Situ Apoptosis Detection Kit (Millipore), according to the manufacturer's instructions. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was expressed as a percentage of total cells, as previously described (35).
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.
Four weeks after TAC, murine ventricles were processed for total RNA isolation using TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. First-strand cDNA was synthesized from 1 μg total RNA using the High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). The primers and probes used to quantify transforming growth factor-1β (Tgf-1β) and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh) were recommended by the manufacturer (Applied Biosystems). Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed in a StepOne Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems). From each amplification plot, a threshold cycle (Ct) value was calculated, representing the PCR cycle number at which fluorescence was detectable above an arbitrary threshold. Each sample was analyzed in duplicate, and the results were systematically normalized to GAPDH expression using the ΔΔCt method (29).
Western blot analysis.
LV samples frozen at −80°C were placed on ice, homogenized, and lysed with lysis buffer [1% NP-40, 150 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris pH 7.5, 2 mM EDTA, 50 mM NaF, 1 mM Na3VO4, plus protease inhibitor cocktail (Nacalai tesque, Kyoto, Japan)]. The supernatant was loaded onto 10%–15% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels. Immunoblotting was performed as previously described (41). The ChemiDoc XRS System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) was used for chemiluminescence imaging. Primary antibodies against phospho-Smad2 (p-Smad2), p-Smad3, caspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 primary antibodies were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA); anti-Smad2/3 primary antibody was purchased from BD Transduction Laboratories (Franklin Lakes, NJ); and anti-GAPDH (used as a loading control) primary antibody was purchased from Millipore. Target bands were identified using ECL prime and ECL Select Western blotting reagents (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, Buckinghamshire, UK). Protein bands were quantified by densitometry.
Statistical analysis.
All of the data are expressed as means ± SE and were analyzed by repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Bonferroni test and Student's t-test for paired and nonpaired data as appropriate. The differences in the number of surviving mice were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. P values of <0.05 were considered significant using JMP 8.0.1 software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC).
Hemodynamic measurements.
The blood pressures and heart rates 4 wk after TAC were similar in the sham-operated groups with and without vildagliptin (71.2 ± 3.1 vs. 74.5 ± 3.2 mmHg; 459 ± 36 vs. 451 ± 22 beats/min; P = 0.482 and P = 0.830, respectively; n = 5 in each group), and in the TAC groups with and without vildagliptin (101.4 ± 9 vs. 121.4 ± 10 mmHg; 394 ± 80 vs. 463 ± 27 beats/min; P = 0.193 and P = 0.400; n = 5 and n = 4, respectively).
Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test and plasma GLP-1 levels.
Figure 1A shows the results of the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Blood glucose levels at 30 and 120 min after intraperitoneal glucose injections were higher in the TAC mice than in the sham-operated mice (TAC vs. sham operated: 476.4 ± 20.9 vs. 400.5 ± 11.2 mg/dl at 30 min, and 161.5 ± 9.4 vs. 127.3 ± 8.3 mg/dl at 120 min, n = 8 and 5; P < 0.05). This was consistent with our previous report (27) in which TAC mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance. Vildagliptin administration decreased blood glucose levels at each time point after glucose injection in TAC mice (with vs. without vildagliptin: 345.1 ± 7.9 vs. 476.4 ± 20.9 mg/dl at 30 min, 245.5 ± 13.1 vs. 349.6 ± 25.3 mg/dl at 60 min, and 127.9 ± 8.5 vs. 161.5 ± 9.4 mg/dl at 120 min, n = 12 and 8; P < 0.05).
We evaluated the GLP-1 levels in the TAC mice with or without vildagliptin. Because ad libitum feeding could have affected the plasma GLP-1 levels, we conducted a preliminary experiment to identify the optimal conditions for GLP-1 measurement. Nine-week-old C57BL6/J mice were fed a normal chow diet, divided into two groups, and treated with or without vildagliptin for 4 wk, as described above. To evaluate whether feeding affected the plasma GLP-1 levels, the mice were fasted 12 h before blood sampling. We randomly separated each group into two subgroups; the two subgroups were fasted further, and the others were allowed to feed 1 h before sampling. Under fasting conditions, vildagliptin produced a statistically insignificant increase in GLP-1 levels (with vs. without vildagliptin: 5.19 ± 1.04 vs. 3.93 ± 0.70 pM, n = 5 each; P > 0.05). In the mice sampled 1 h after feeding, GLP-1 levels were elevated with in the vildagliptin group (with vs. without vildagliptin: 9.13 ± 2.35 vs. 4.47 ± 0.87 pM, n = 4 and 5; P < 0.05), suggesting that this sampling time schedule, i.e., 1 h after food intake, was suitable for plasma GLP-1 measurement. Figure 1B shows the plasma GLP-1 levels under this time schedule. The GLP-1 levels were decreased in the TAC mice (sham operated vs. TAC: 2.37 ± 0.40 vs. 1.41 ± 0.26 pM, n = 8 and 15; P < 0.05), but elevated in TAC mice with vildagliptin to the levels of sham-operated mice with vildagliptin (with vs. without vildagliptin: 4.83 ± 0.50 vs. 1.41 ± 0.26 pM, n = 21 and 15; P < 0.05).
Representative echocardiographic images are shown in Fig. 2. Echocardiographic analysis revealed enlarged Dd and Ds in the TAC mice both with and without vildagliptin (n = 27 and 17). Both LV dilatation and dysfunction in the TAC group were ameliorated by vildagliptin treatment (Fig. 3).
Water uptake and heart weight.
Body weight was not statistically different between the groups: 24.3 ± 1.7 g and 23.4 ± 1.4 g in the sham-operated and TAC mice without vildagliptin (n = 10 and 17), 25.8 ± 1.7 g and 25.2 ± 2.4 g in the sham-operated and TAC mice with vildagliptin (n =10 and 27). Heart weight-to-body weight ratio (HW/BW) markedly increased in the TAC group compared with the sham-operated group (4.9 ± 0.1 vs. 9.3 ± 0.5 for sham-operated and TAC mice without vildagliptin, respectively; P < 0.05), and vildagliptin did not attenuate HW/BW (9.2 ± 0.4 for TAC with vildagliptin; Fig. 4). Volumes of vildagliptin solution or water consumed were similar in all of the groups (5.2 ± 0.2, 4.9 ± 0.5, 4.4 ± 0.9, and 4.5 ± 1.3 ml/day for sham-operated with and without vildagliptin and TAC with and without vildagliptin, respectively; P ≥ 0.05 for all).
Apoptosis and fibrosis.
We performed TUNEL staining to clarify the degree of apoptosis in the murine hearts. Apoptosis in the myocardium of the TAC mice was increased compared with the sham-operated mice, and this increase in apoptotic cell death was largely attenuated by vildagliptin (Fig. 5, A and B, n = 4 per each group). Next we performed immunoblotting to confirm apoptotic changes in protein levels. We observed increased cleaved caspase-3 protein in pressure-overloaded murine hearts, which was partially ameliorated by vildagliptin (Fig. 5, C and D, n = 4 per each group). These findings indicate that vildagliptin partly reduces myocardial apoptosis in pressure-overloaded murine hearts.
Figure 6A shows increases in myocardial collagen in the TAC group, also ameliorated by vildagliptin. Figures 6B shows fibrotic areas identified by picrosirius red staining. The total myocardial interstitial collagen area significantly increased in the TAC group compared with the sham-operated groups (P < 0.05 vs. sham operated, n = 5 per each group) but was decreased in the TAC with vildagliptin group (P < 0.05 vs. TAC) (sham operated, 1.79 ± 0.22%; sham operated with vildagliptin, 1.77 ± 0.20%; TAC, 12.12 ± 0.27%; TAC with vildagliptin, 8.02 ± 1.84%). We next analyzed expression of Tgf-1β, a fibrosis-related gene, using RT-PCR. Myocardial Tgf-1β expression significantly increased in the TAC group compared with that in the sham-operated group (P < 0.05 vs. sham operated) but significantly decreased in the groups with vildagliptin (P < 0.05 vs. TAC; sham operated, 1 ± 0.08; sham operated with vildagliptin, 0.98 ± 0.11; TAC, 1.85 ± 0.12; TAC with vildagliptin, 1.55 ± 0.06; Fig. 6C, n = 3 per each group).
Finally, we performed immunoblotting to verify the fibrotic changes that arose through increased levels of TGF-β pathway proteins. We observed increased p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 protein levels in the pressure-overloaded murine hearts, which were partially restored by vildagliptin (Fig. 7, n = 4 per each group). These findings indicate that vildagliptin reverses myocardial fibrosis via the TGF-β pathway in murine pressure-overloaded hearts.
Survival analysis.
The number of TAC mice without vildagliptin was 41 and the number of those with vildagliptin was 40. Only 17 (41.5%) TAC mice without vildagliptin survived 28 days, whereas 27 (67.5%) TAC mice with vildagliptin survived 28 days (Fig. 8; P < 0.05). These data indicate that vildagliptin treatment is strongly protective. Vildagliptin did not affect the survival rate in the sham-operated mice.
This study was the first to demonstrate that a DPP-IV inhibitor improved survival rate in mice with pressure-overloaded HF. We presented the following experimental evidence: 1) TAC exacerbated the development of impaired glucose tolerance, which was attenuated by vildagliptin with an attendant increase in total GLP-1 levels; 2) TAC induced myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis, which were attenuated by vildagliptin; 3) TAC increased LVDd and LVDs, leading to FS decline, while vildagliptin attenuated increased LVDd and LVDs and increased LVFS. These effects may contribute to the improvement in survival rate generated by vildagliptin in mice with pressure overload-induced HF.
We demonstrated that TAC exacerbated the development of impaired glucose tolerance, which was attenuated by vildagliptin. This result implies that HF causes impaired glucose tolerance and improvement of impaired glucose tolerance may ameliorate HF severity. Glycemic control independently correlates with reduced LV contractile reserve and positivity for HF in diabetic patients (12, 28). We previously reported that HF is associated with impaired glucose tolerance in mice and dogs, and that correction of impaired glucose tolerance with voglibose or metformin reduces HF severity (26, 27, 41). Shimizu et al. (46) reported that systolic dysfunction induced by pressure overload exacerbates plasma glucose and hepatic insulin resistance via Akt and insulin signaling in rodents. In humans, chronic HF is associated with hyperinsulinemia (36, 51). Insulin resistance observed in HF is partly due to the lack of activity and increase in weight gain/fat redistribution. Stolen et al. (49) showed that exercise training improved insulin-stimulated myocardial glucose uptake in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Ashrafian et al. (2) proposed the other mechanism of HF-induced insulin resistance. Hyperadrenergic state of HF initiates the elevation of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs). The elevation of plasma FFAs induces insulin resistance due to increased triglycerides, increased cellular FFAs, and increased cytoplasmic fatty acid metabolites in hearts and skeletal muscle (43).
To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate an improvement in impaired glucose tolerance in animals with HF in the presence of DPP-IV inhibitors. Indeed, vildagliptin increased the plasma GLP-1 levels in animals with TAC-induced HF, suggesting that HF is attenuated by the correction of glucose intolerance by DPP-IV inhibitors. This hypothesis is supported by our findings that vildagliptin attenuates LV apoptosis and fibrosis in the TAC mice, which may explain the amelioration of LV dilatation and dysfunction. This evidence is consistent with previous studies in which sitagliptin was shown to attenuate HF severity induced by rapid pacing in pigs (14), ameliorate myocardial fibrosis in diabetic (db/db−/−) mice (23), and improve diastolic dysfunction without altering ejection fraction in a rat model of uremic cardiomyopathy (9).
Intriguingly, GLP-1 reportedly has cardioprotective properties besides its ability to correct glucose intolerance in HF. GLP-1 receptors are expressed in the heart and activate PI3 kinase and Akt in addition to cyclic AMP (6, 19). Protein kinase A activation via accumulation of cyclic AMP may activate p38 MAP kinase, which may in turn mediate cardioprotection (40, 59), and activation of PI3 kinase and Akt may further enhance these cardioprotective effects. A recent report (55) demonstrated amelioration of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice by an analog of exenatide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist, supporting the antifibrotic effect of GLP-1 in murine hearts. Indeed, GLP-1 administration in patients with HF decreased the HF severity with or without DM, suggesting that GLP-1 may have cardioprotective properties independent of its effects on blood glucose levels (48). However, GLP-1 levels were elevated ∼10-fold (17), significantly higher than the GLP-1 levels observed with DPP-IV inhibitors (4), suggesting that even a 1-pM increase in GLP-1 may be sufficient for cardioprotection. Moreover, in a large meta-analysis, vildagliptin was not associated with an increased risk of adjudicated cardio- and cerebrovascular events relative to all comparators in the patients with type 2 diabetes, including increased cerebrovascular risks (44). Chaykovska et al. (9) showed that increased Tgf-β1, collagen type I α1, and collagen type III α1 expression in uremic rat hearts, compared with the sham-operated rat hearts, was significantly reduced by linagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, supporting our observations. Importantly, DPP-IV inhibitors impact cardioprotection independently of GLP-1; DPP-IV also reportedly degrades peptides tyrosine-tyrosine, stromal cell-derived factor-1, and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) (7, 32, 45, 47). Taken together, these data suggest that DPP-IV inhibitors are cardioprotective, suggesting that they may also be beneficial for patients with HF. However, this hypothesis is limited because we used 8-wk-old mice with TAC as a model of HF in this study. Although this model is one of established animal models for HF, this model is not the universal model for the patients with HF, or does not mimic the background of the HF patients (e.g., age, dyslipidemia, ischemia, etc.). Further basic and preclinical studies are needed to apply DPP-IV inhibitors to HF patients.
The most important issue in this study was to determine whether DPP-IV inhibitors increase the survival rate because improvements in HF do not necessarily increase the survival rate. Indeed, inotropic agents such as phosphodiesterase III inhibitors (e.g., vesnarinone) improved pathophysiological parameters of HF in basic studies, even improving symptoms and cardiac function in patients with HF in clinical studies, but these drugs actually decreased the patient survival rate in large-scale clinical trials (10). This unexpected finding is attributable to the fact that the effect of these drugs on survival rate was never tested in experimental models of chronic HF. Yin et al. (60) reported the rat models with the administration of vildagliptin 2 days before or 3 wk after acute myocardial infarction surgery. They did not show the cardiac contractility and survival or any change in glucose metabolism with vildagliptin treatment. Compared with their protocol, we administered vildagliptin from 1 day postsurgery of murine TAC, which finally reversed the survival rate. These discrepancies between the study of Yin et al. and our present study may be attributable to the manner of HF induction (e.g., models and species), their glucose levels, and the dosage of vildagliptin. Their echocardiographic data seem to show worse HF than ours, which was too severe to treat with their dose set. In addition, although they did not mention any condition of the feeding (e.g., fasting or ad libitum feeding) during sampling, no difference in their blood glucose levels may suggest that the dosage was not enough to be cardioprotective. We observed that vildagliptin increased survival rate in the context of pressure overload-induced HF in mice, indicating that an adequate dose of DPP-IV inhibitors is ultimately cardioprotective against HF.
This study includes the limitations. Since TAC animals are fragile, especially when using the narrower size of needle (30 gauge) to create severe HF, the procedures of the examination such as glucose tolerance test may worsen the HF of the TAC mice. Indeed, in the preliminary study, we tried to perform oral glucose tolerance test at first, but 2 of 6 died because of the onset of acute severe HF (pulmonary edema shown by dissection). This is the reason that we shifted to the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, which did not cause severe HF leading to death. Importantly, the timing and number of procedures were identical in the groups with or without vildagliptin, suggesting that these additional stresses of examination to TAC do not largely affect the present results and conclusions.
In conclusion, vildagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, improved the pathophysiology of HF in pressure-overloaded mice. This effect was mediated partly by improved glucose tolerance and partly by the cardioprotective effects of GLP-1, both of which ultimately improved survival following HF.
This work was supported by grants-in-aid from the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan and the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.
No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the author(s).
Author contributions: A.T., M.A., and M.K. conception and design of research; A.T., S.I., Y.Y., and Y.L. performed experiments; A.T., S.Y., and M.K. analyzed data; A.T., S.I., K.-D.M., K.S., and Y.Y. prepared figures; A.T. drafted manuscript; A.T., S.I., K.-D.M., K.S., S.S., Y.A., S.T., T.M., and H.A. edited and revised manuscript; S.I., K.-D.M., Y.L., H.I.-U., and M.K. interpreted results of experiments; N.M. and M.K. approved final version of manuscript.
We are thankful to Akiko Ogai, Chizuko Kimura, and Nobuyoshi Imai for excellent technical assistance. Vildagliptin was a gift from Novartis.
- Copyright © 2013 the American Physiological Society


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I thought I'd nailed the perfect burger until I read this post from the great Dan Toombes aka the Curry Guy. He's been on a burger tour of his native United States and – fortunately for us – he has come back with a smorgasbord of brilliant burger recipes.
I've adapted this recipe from his Louis' Lunch Cheese Works Burger, combining it with the Smashed Burger technique. It is magnificent.
The secret to Dan's burger is toast! Yep, toast. White bread toast. It's a fantastic change from the often-heavy, over-floury burger bun experience: the wrapping around the good stuff is thin and crisp, yet very easy to hold. A Cheese Burger Toastie, if you will.
The Smashed Burger technique comes from the good folks at Serious Eats, where you can read a more in-depth article here, but in a nutshell, instead of keeping your minced beef patty loose and wet, you expose as much meat as possible to a very hot surface so that you get more of the Maillard reaction (that famous umami-filled crusting that we all love).
Use whatever seasonings and topping you like, but these, below, are my personal favourite.
Makes 4 burgers
For the Burger
500g minced beef, containing 20% fat (this keeps them very juicy and flavourful)
1 tsp onion powder or granules
1 tsp garlic salt
1 tsp celery salt
For the Toastie
8 slices of white, sliced bread
For the Toppings
4 burger cheese slices
8 cherry tomatoes, sliced
4 tbsp burger pickle or relish (I used M&S Posh Dog relish, which is a combo of chopped gherkins, vinegar and mustard)
For the Burger Sauce
2 tbsp mayonnaise
1 tbsp Dijon mustard
1 tbsp tomato ketchup
1. Mix the burger ingredients – the meat, salts and onion powder – together in a non-metallic bowl. Keep the mixture quite loose. You don't want your final burgers to be too dense.
2. Separate the mixture into four portions and with your hands, form each portion into a rough ball. Transfer to a clean chopping board or work surface, then using the palm of your hand, flatten out to a rough disc, approx. 10cm in diameter.
2. Heat a cast iron frying pan on the highest possible heat and leave it for as long as 30 minutes until it is white hot.
3. When you're ready to cook, drizzle sunflower or vegetable oil over the burgers and then use a spatula to transfer them to the hot pan.
4. Now press down on each patty with the spatula. Your aim is to expose as much of the meat as possible to the hot surface. Cook for two minutes then flip over and cook for a further two minutes.
5. At the end of the cooking time, lay a cheese slice on top of each burger.
6. While the cheese is melting, toast the bread in a toaster or under a hot, pre-heated grill.
7. In a small bowl, mix together the ingredients for the burger sauce. Remove the toast from the toaster/grill and dollop some of the sauce on one slice of toast.
8. Dollop a tablespoon of relish onto another slice.
9. Remove the burgers from the pan and lay on top of the relished slice of toast.
10. Add slices of tomato.
11. Add the sauced slice of toast to finish your masterpiece.


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Maria Sharapova to spearhead Russia against Germany
Moscow: World No 2 Maria Sharapova will spearhead Russia in their Fed Cup World Group semi-final against Germany at Sochi on April 18-19, team captain Anastasia Myskina announced yesterday.
Maria Sharapova
The five-time Grand Slam title winner must compete in the women's team event if she wants to bid for gold at the Rio Olympics next year.
The 27-year-old Sharapova made a rare but decisive Fed Cup appearance in February helping Russia to beat Poland in the opening round at Krakow.
It was just her fourth Fed Cup appearance since her 2008 debut. Four-time champions Russia are trying to shrug off the bitter memories of a disappointing 2014 season, when they lost 4-0 to Australia in their opening round clash.


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Google has once again had to promise to address an error leading to a privacy risk, this time on Google Calendar. The website, the Verge, reports that users who use the service to create personal reminders and who put a person's email address in the Calendar subject line automatically invite that person to the event. All this is done without permission and is yet another example of Google crossing the line in the use of private data. Terence Eden, who first found the flaw, observed that creating a reminder entry "e-mail firstname.lastname@example.com with divorce details" would add the event to both your calendars – likely not what you would want to happen.
Google is working on a fix, or workaround, to resolve this flaw, which clearly must have been created in the company's effort to create some form of smart calendar functionality. Not so smart now.
It's interesting to remind readers of the 'error' that led to the Google UK privacy case. In our case, Mac users using the Safari browser and who clicked private browsing, opting out of being tracked by Google, were apparently tracked nonetheless due to to a flaw, which later required a fix. All very familiar. And they say lightening doesn't strike twice.
This latest embarrassment for Google comes as it faced a widespread outage of its services that meant almost 10% of its users couldn't access their mail, Calendar and other Google services. All caused by a software bug, apparently, and fixed within the hour. Shame they can't fix their attitude to privacy quickly too.


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Constellium customers include many of the world's leading defense contractors and Tier One suppliers.


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NET-A-PORTER.COM Dresses On Sale
Posted 6th July 2015
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Thought the best of the sales had been and gone? Well think again because SL's editor has rounded up 25 NET-A-PORTER.COM sale dresses under £500 that prove there are still steals aplenty not to be missed.
Find lace maxis, kaftans, work dresses and even LBDs you can wear through winter from brands such as Burberry London, Isabel Marant, Issa and Victoria, Victoria Beckham.
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Give the gay teens a break. It's time to focus on Danzig.
California Governor Jerry Brown recently made California the first state to outlaw "conversion therapy" for gay teens, the controversial process designed to "convert" teens from gay to straight. Luckily, we thought of some subjects who would be better served by the powerful, totally spurious process of conversion therapy.
1. Keeping Teenage Boys From Thinking Charles Bukowski is Charming
Everyone goes through a Bukowksi period. Some people don't ever come out. We're proposing a groundbreaking twelve-week treatment that would stop people from finding aggressively misogynistic, misanthropic, and frankly, kind of boring writing so damn interesting.
Sample Therapeutic Technique: Forced to read their own writing out loud. Any out-of-place reference to the Post Office, smoking, drinking, fighting, or promiscuous sex with no narrative function will be rewarded with a bucketful of cold water to the face.
2. Getting Andre 3000 Back into OutKast
We were willing to give Andre 3000 plenty of time to be as idiosyncratic and be-hatted as he wanted, and we were weathering the storm of Big Boi's solo albums with what we felt was considerable aplomb. But now it's been twelve (!) years since the last "true" OutKast album (that would be Stankonia, since Speakerboxxx/The Love Below was pretty much two solo records packaged together), and that is really bumming us out.
Sample Therapeutic Technique: Subject will be allowed to pursue whatever acting projects he chooses, but will be forced to do so — and make all public appearances — clad entirely in clothing from Wal-Mart's Faded Glory line.
3. Helping Shia LaBeouf accept himself
Depending on how you feel about Shia LaBeouf, it's pretty clear that he either a) doesn't like himself, or b) has some serious identity problems. He does stuff like like have actual sex for Lars Von Trier's Nymphomaniac, eat acid for a role, get drunk in the woods for Lawless, and pull his guy out for that bizarre Sigur Rós video (not necessarily the actions of a self-loather, but clearly a cry for help). We propose using conversion therapy to turn LaBeouf from an dysfunctional, possibly dangerous weirdo taking unnecessary and dramatic steps to distinguish himself as a "serious actor," and into a normal person, who takes acting classes and maybe studies with a coach.
Sample Therapeutic Technique: Lots of hugs.
4. Turning Christopher Nolan onto comedy
Christopher Nolan is one of the biggest names in cinema today, but the second his name pops up in the credits, you can be sure of a few things: the film will be relentlessly dour and sexless, and it will feature moral shadings that are reductive and simplistic to everyone over the age of seventeen. He's a talented filmmaker, to be sure, but if anyone needs to be sent in the opposite direction of their current creative headspace, it's Nolan.
Sample Therapeutic Technique: Dosed with LSD and forced to watch the collected works of Monty Python, Mel Brooks, and '80s screwball comedy auteur "Savage" Steve Holland.
5. Finally getting Glenn Danzig to lighten up
Unlike hardcore punk's other most prominent neck, Henry Rollins, Glenn Danzig has never displayed anything resembling a sense of humor. Whether it's challenging other band members to fight in the studio, cleaning up his motherfucking bricks, or pitching a tantrum over French onion soup, Danzig is the epitome of a sullen, humorless clod. But we have the cure.
Sample Therapeutic Technique: Locked in a puppy-and-kitten-filled room perpetually lit with the soft light of dawn and and outfitted with speakers that will play Brian Eno's Music for Airports at soothing volumes.
Alternative Therapeutic Technique: Dosed with LSD and forced to watch the collected works of Monty Python, Mel Brooks, and '80s screwball comedy auteur "Savage" Steve Holland.


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Your eyebrows have some of the strongest and thickest hair on your body. It is naturally so to prevent sweat and dirt from sliding from your forehead to your eyes. However, many people mistreat their eyebrows by rubbing them harshly, or plucking them to follow a silly trend. So, if you are one of those who mistreated their eyebrows, or …Read More »
4 Natural and Effective Remedies for Migraines
Migraines is one thing that can disconnect you from the rest of the world, but NOT in a good way. It is that head-splitting headache that makes you want to bang your skull against the wall as hard as you can just to get rid of it. However, gobbling up pain killers to cure migraine can be dangerous on the …Read More »
5 Great Natural Dandruff Treatments All Made of Lemon
I used to think that hair problems worry women only (with the exception of balding). However, when my thirteen years old son came back from school one day looking like the weight of the world is on his shoulder because his friends told him he has dandruff, I realized that hair problems worry everyone. I found some great remedies for …Read More »
4 natural methods for removing facial hair
Some women suffer from Hirsutism. It happens due to high levels of the androgen hormone in the body. This hormone makes the facial hair growth fast and excessive. Although there are many treatments for this issue as laser, these treatments are so painful and expensive. So, here we will give you five natural tips to remove facial hair. 1- The …Read More »
The superficial fascia is a layer of connective tissue under the skin that includes fat and it is where cellulite forms. Due to injuries, improper exercise and inactivity, adhesions in the fascia would form contributing to the rippled look of the skin. Thus, the superficial fascia becomes more coarse, thickened and less flexible. Some therapists perform myofascial massage, which is …Read More »
Natural ways to get rid of freckles
Freckles appear as round brown spots on the face and the rest of the skin, they can appear at any part of the skin, however they are mainly present on the areas that are exposed to the sun the most, which is a major factor for the development of freckles, another factors that cause freckles include hormonal imbalances and genetic …Read More »
Whiten Your Teeth With These Natural Remedies
Having a white Shiny set of teeth is a great addition to enhance your beauty, however some people have stained or discolored teeth no matter how many times a day they brush their teeth, the discoloration is mainly caused by drinking beverages like coffee, tea, alcohol and or smoking. Your teeth get noticed by others almost immediately, they reflect the …Read More »
Four Natural Masks To Lighten Skin Complexion
If you are looking for natural masks to lighten your skin color and remove dead skin cells while still nourishing and moisturizing your skin away from the harmful chemicals found in skin lightening products then you will surely find this article very helpful, the following masks will reverse the harmful and tanning effect of being exposed to sunlight everyday and …Read More »
5 Natural Solutions for Bothersome Summer Beauty Issues
Summer time is relaxation time. Chilling by the beach and tanning season. Along with all the luxury comes the troubles of harmful UV rays, humidity and salty water that cause injurious effects to our hair and skin. On the bright side, there are a number of natural remedies to prevent the damage and enjoy your favorite season. Oily Skin : …Read More »
6 Easy Natural Ways to Get Rid of Blackheads
Blackheads can vastly disrupt our look since it often appears right on our nose and cheeks. For starters, blackheads are accumulated pollutants and dead skin in our pores. The trapped oil oxidizes and turns black forming the black dots you see. Fortunately, there are natural and easy ways to get rid of blackheads. It's recommended to apply the following recipes …Read More »
Three Natural Suppliments To Control Mood Swings During PMS
The mood swings we women experience during menstruation is really annoying, the ups and downs we go through with our moods can affect the quality of our lives in these few days, fortunately, mother nature has provided us with too many plants that can control these annoying mood swings and make you feel more calm and relaxed, read on to …Read More »
It Is Time to Stop the Itch. Check out the Astonishing Natural Remedies for Eczema
Do you have red, itchy dry patches of skin on different places on your body? If you do, you probably suffer from eczema. Don't worry; there are millions of people who suffer from this condition whether because of exposure to chemical irritants, allergies or just genetics. Stop scratching and aggravating your eczema symptoms and try out the next astonishing home …Read More »
6 Amazing Natural Alternatives to Sugar
Sugar is a key ingredient in our daily lives. It only becomes a problem once our consumption of sugar is excessive. For that reason, some people go for alternatives for sugars such as artificial sweeteners. Even though they work, artificial sweeteners are known for their numerous side effects. Fortunately, there are various safe and natural sweeteners that you can use …Read More »


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1. HIV Undetectable = Uninfectious
- Details
- Category: Treatment as Prevention
- Published on Thursday, 22 December 2016 00:00
- Written by HIVandHepatitis.com
Evidence continues to accumulate showing that HIV-positive people on effective combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a consistently undetectable viral load have a very low -- perhaps as low as zero -- risk of transmitting the virus.
4. PrEP Use Widens, But Disparities Remain
- Details
- Category: Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP)
- Published on Thursday, 22 December 2016 00:00
- Written by HIVandHepatitis.com
Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) was again a major HIV story in 2016. The latest figures from a pharmacy survey by Gilead Sciences showed that more than 79,000 people in the U.S. have started Truvada (tenofovir/emtricitabine) for HIV prevention, but the survey does not include all PrEP providers and most experts think this estimate is low.
Syringe Service Use Up, But a Third of People Who Inject Drugs Still Share Needles
- Details
- Category: Injection Drug Use
- Published on Wednesday, 30 November 2016 00:00
- Written by Liz Highleyman
Use of syringe exchange and distribution services has increased substantially over the past decade, and HIV diagnoses among people who inject drugs have fallen by nearly half, but just a quarter of drug injectors use only sterile needles and a third reported sharing a needle within the past year, according to the latest Vital Signs report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
5. HIV Prevention for Women
- Details
- Category: HIV Sexual Transmission
- Published on Thursday, 22 December 2016 00:00
- Written by HIVandHepatitis.com
Use of Truvada for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective and is now widely used among gay men, but biomedical HIV prevention for women has lagged behind.
Combination HIV Vaccine Efficacy Trial Launches in South Africa
- Details
- Category: HIV Vaccines
- Published on Wednesday, 30 November 2016 00:00
- Written by NIAID
A new HIV vaccine efficacy study -- the first in 7 years -- got underway this week in Cape Town, South Africa. The HVTN 702 trial will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of 2 experimental vaccines -- ALVAC-HIV and a gp120 protein subunit vaccine -- related to a combination that previously demonstrated modest efficacy in the RV144 trial in Thailand. The study aims to enroll more than 5400 sexually active adults and results are expected in late 2020.
More Articles...
- HIVR4P 2016: The Long Tail Problem -- Injectable PrEP Trial To Be Extended Due to Drug Persistence
- Coverage of IDWeek 2016
- New Research Sheds Light on Origin of HIV in U.S., Dispelling Patient Zero Myth
- IDWeek 2016: HIV+ Men and Men on PrEP in Boston See Large Increase in Sexually Transmitted Infections


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Pattern Books
The Design Patterns Book Series showcases many patterns from PLoP conferences and leading experts in the patterns field.
See our Pattern Book Library filled with over 80 Pattern related books.
Patterns Resources
- Pattern Definition
A pattern language defines a consists of patterns and the rules with sequences to combine them.
- Patterns Catalog
A collection of pattern resources on the web. Sign up for an account to add your own.
- Tools for Writing Patterns
Pattern writing tools include example code and pattern writing templates.
- PLoP Conference Proceedings
Past conference proceedings from the PLoP conferences.
PLoP Conference News
- PLoP 2017
Vancouver, Canada
October 22 - 25, 2017
- PLoP 2017 Bootcamp
The Hillside Group - A group dedicated to design patterns. Home of the patterns library.
Review the Hillside Group Bylaws
2008 Hillside Annual Meeting Minutes
2009 Hillside Annual Meeting Minutes
2010 Hillside Annual Meeting Minutes
2011 Hillside Annual Meeting Minutes
June 2011 Hillside Board Meeting Summary
September 2011 Hillside Board Meeting Summary
December 2011 Hillside Board Meeting Summary
Summary from Hillside Board Meetings December 17 2013 and January 21 2014
|Ademar Aguiar
Alan O'Callaghan
Alejandra Garrido
Alexander Nowak
Alfredo Goldman
Amir Raveh
Andreas Fiesser
Andreas Rueping
Andrew Moore
Andy Longshaw
Berna L. Massingill
Bill Opdyke
Bob Hanmer
Bobby Woolf
Brahim Hamid
Brian Foote
Cecilia Haskins
Cees De Groot
Charles Weir
Charlotte Pierce
Christa Schwanninger
Christian Kohls
Christian Köppe
Christoph Fehling
Claudia Werner
Daniel Cukier
Danny Dig
Dave West
David DeLano
David H. Lorenz
David Mundie
David Trowbridge
Dibyendu Goswami
Didi Schuetz
Dirk Riehle
Don Roberts
Doug Lee
Doug Schmidt
Dragos Manolescu
Dwight Duego
Eduardo B. Fernandez
Eduardo Guerra
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- Hillside Fellowship Award 2016
- Security Patterns in Practice
- PLoP 2017 in Vancouver
- PLoP Conference Proceedings
The Hillside Fellowship Award
Congratulations to Ralph Johnson and Richard Gabriel for being presented the first Hillside Fellowship award at the 2016 PLoP event at Allerton, PLoP 2016 .
The Hillside Fellowship Program was established in 2016 to recognize members of The Hillside Group who have made exceptional contributions to the Hillside community and to the patterns community at large. The… Read More
Security Patterns in Practice
Eduardo Fernandez's new book " Security Patterns in Practice: Designing Secure Architectures with Software Patterns " has been published.
It is the result of 14 years of producing security patterns with students and colleagues. Almost all of these patterns went through PLoP, EuroPLoP, AsianPLoP, or SugarLoafPLoP. Many of you have participated as shepherds or workshop commentators, the book… Read More
PLoP™ 2017 in Vancouver, Canada
Read More
Check out the main PLoP Website for more information and details!!!
PLoP Conference Proceedings
After the PLoP Workshops, writers are encouraged to modify their papers and submit a final version. The final versions are collected and submitted to the ACM Digital Library. The versions are also available from the conference website.
Conference Proceedings (ACM Digital Library)
Some of the PLoP accepted papers have been published on the ACM Digital Library . The… Read More


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Jin: The Making of a Rap Star Trailer (2003)
01 January 2003
Asian-American rapper Jin is the subject of this revealing documentary, which charts how the urban artist went from virtual unknown to releasing his successful album "The Rest Is History" and a role in the movie 2 Fast 2 Furious. The fascinating exposé goes behind the scenes for a glimpse at Jin's rags-to-riches career. Also included are an interview with Jin's family, freestyle footage and a promo for the clothing line Dirty Denim.
Watch the official Jin: The Making of a Rap Star 2003 trailer in HD below or find more Jin: The Making of a Rap Star videos on Vidimovie.


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Course Recap Mathematics 104
Compile a list of five most practical concepts from all the textbook chapters that you believe would be important to a student planning a career that heavily relies on math.
Make a list of 25 professions that rely on math.
Identify and discuss three key principles learned in the course.
Discuss how each of these principles can help you in your current or future life circumstances.
Tutor Answer
Brown University
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California Institute of Technology
2131 Tutors
Carnegie Mellon University
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Columbia University
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Dartmouth University
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Emory University
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Harvard University
599 Tutors
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2319 Tutors
New York University
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Notre Dam University
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Oklahoma University
2122 Tutors
Pennsylvania State University
932 Tutors
Princeton University
1211 Tutors
Stanford University
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University of California
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Oxford University
123 Tutors
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2325 Tutors


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GraphicRiver Laurel chaplets 2813035
Stock Vector \ Decorative \ Decorative Symbols
Chaplets \ Laurel \ WreathFour \ Winner \ Victory \ Success \ Vector \ Identical
Stock Vector - Laurel chaplets 2813035 by Si1anti @ GraphicRiver
Stock Vector \ Decorative \ Decorative Symbols
Four laurel chaplets on a black and white background.Chaplets of identical form and different color.
Layered: No; Graphics Files Included: JPG Image, Vector EPS; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS2.
Blank Voucher; Background from Gears; Set of Electronic Timers; Icons timer; Pieces of Cake; Ancient Weapon; Armor Knight Set.
Keywords: anniversary, badge, bronze, champion, chaplet, character, decoration, emblem, event, frame, glory, gold, heraldry, laurel, leaves, metal, olive, prize, reward, rewarding, scenery, scope, sign, silver, sport, success, vector, victory, winner, wreath.


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0 x item(s)
Perfume as a glowing serene shining woman, wonderfully bejewelled in gleaming gems: "who can find a virtuous woman for her price is far above rubies?" A pendant piece to Etat's Libre's other latest creation Fils de Dieu: two fragrances seen as golden Heavenly Twins , a male and female Gemini; kissed by light, the sun and ancient wisdoms of the East. Bijou Romantique is intensely rich, deep, dark, creamy and voluptuous; seductive sparkling top notes of bergamot, pink pepper and ylang-ylang lead you into a heart of clary sage, Tuscan iris, coconut accords and hints of tuberose on a lavish base of benzoin, vetiver and vanilla. Created for ELO by Mathilde Bijaoui.


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With the passage of time the fashion of anarkali frocks 2014 for women is gaining the heights of fame and attention. When we mention about some of the best clothing styles that can add the women personality with the feel of elegance then we never forget mentioning about the anarkali frocks. The concept or we would say the anarkali frocks has been derived from the fashion world of India as the women at the era of Mughal used to favor wearing this clothing. But now in 2014 this clothing trend is back again inside the fashion market.
Fashion Of Anarkali Frocks 2014 For Women
Women can make the choice of wearing anarkali frocks casually, formally, in parties or even in the wedding functions too. Although the difference do comes in the designing and styling. For the casual anarkali frocks the embellishment is all done by means of the embroidery and use of the lace work. Women can favor finding this clothing as best in all the seasonal happenings of summer and winter. In favor of the wedding and formal anarkali frocks the beautification is all carried away with the use of stones, motifs, dabka as well as zari. It is all found to be added with the same fabric that is quite a lot similar with the one used in the wedding dresses just like silk, chiffon and tissue.
You can get to know in detail about the latest trends of the fashion of anarkali frocks 2014 for women by visiting the fashion websites and magazines too. In this way you will be able to make the best choice that suits best for your personality. You can find them in all shades of colors that is captured within bold shades plus soft too.
If you have still not try with the fashion of anarkali frocks 2014 for women then try it now! You will going to simply love it!


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'Disturbing' stories help case for gay protection laws
The Human Rights Commission says it has heard disturbing stories of discrimination against gay and transgender Australians.
It has released a report arguing there is a strong case for the creation of federal laws to protect against discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity.
Commissioner Catherine Branson says government opposition to same-sex marriage appears to be out of step with public opinion.
The commission undertook public consultations in Sydney and Melbourne, calling on gay, lesbian and transgender Australians to tell their stories.
Ms Branson says she was disturbed by what she heard.
"We heard of people born intersex who were experiencing being called freaks in their workplaces and otherwise harassed and verbally abused, sometimes physically abused on the streets," she said.
"We heard of people losing their employment once it was known they were in same-sex relationships.
"We heard very disturbing stories and often involving physical violence."
The commission says its report shows there is broad support for federal protection against discrimination on the grounds of sexual orientation or gender identity.
Ms Branson says it is a call for everyone to consider the position of people in the community who do not enjoy the rights the majority do.
She says their feedback indicated that all people want is to be treated the same way that most people take for granted.
"I think there is very broad support in the community for protections on the grounds of sexual orientation and sex and gender identity to be provided," she said.
Corey Irlam from the Australian Coalition for Equality welcomes the report.
"The beauty of this situation is both the Federal Government and the Opposition, in principle, have agreed to introduce these laws as part of the national harmonisation process that's going on," he said.
"But what this does do is it gives the opportunity for the Government to know exactly what they need to do. As to when they do it we've yet to find out."
Same-sex marriage
The Commission says there is a strong case for same-sex marriage.
Ms Branson says allowing same-sex marriage is an important aspect of equality for the people they spoke to.
"This consultation didn't purport to be a sound survey of the Australian population ... but there is growing evidence that a very significant proportion of the Australian population agrees," she said.
The Federal Government is drafting anti-discrimination legislation which it says should be released for public consultation sometime this year.
On the issue of same-sex marriage, a spokesman for Attorney-General Robert McClelland confirmed the Government's position was that marriage was between a man and a woman.
The spokesman said any change to that position would need to be considered by the ALP national conference.
Topics: sexuality, community-and-society, marriage, gays-and-lesbians, government-and-politics, federal-government, australia
First posted


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Undulant Fever – Intermittant fever caused by brucellosis. also called abortus fever.
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Hundreds of athletes set for Longboat triathlon
Cycling portion of the event will take place on Gulf of Mexico Drive.
Thirty-two Club Longboat owners and renters took a break from St. Patrick's Day festivities to play in the condominium's annual mixed doubles tennis tournament on March 17.
Longboat Key welcomed five youth tennis players from Israel for Israel Tennis Center's annual exhibition and dinner at Longboat Key Club on March 10.
Beachplace residents enjoyed a day of golfing at the complex's ninth annual golf outing on March 9.
Nutritionist Charlotte Gollobin shares her knowledge.
Cedars Tennis Resort members enjoyed a weekend of tennis during its 2015 Club Championship on Feb. 28 and March 1.
To secure the bid for the 2015 Modern Pentathlon World Cup No. 1 competition, the Sarasota-Bradenton area faced big-time competition.
The Hannabass family is a true team on the water at Ski-A-Rees. Now, it will take the sport to a new level.


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Company: Elle Evans Swimwear
Job title: Machinist/Seamstress
Salary: Negotiable, item by item basis
Location: Perth or Melbourne
Job type: Casual (paid)
Experience required: Previous sewing experience with stretch fabrics is a must, preferably with swim fabrics. **Must have own equiptment if based in Perth.**
Applications close: 22 July 2016
Role description
Elle Evans is a Sustainable Swimwear label made in Australia. We have a small (but wonderful) team and currently have a position for a casual machinist/seamstress avaliable. You would work closely with the designer to produce single orders/small runs as they come through, on a sub-contractor level. Aplicant must have sewing experience with stretch fabrics, preferably with swim fabrics. Duties would include cutting, sewing and pressing of garments. For melbourne based aplicants machinery and equiptment is avalilable to you. Perth based aplicants would be required to work from your own studio/workspace using your own equiptment/machinery.
Contact email@example.com


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2010. St. Norbert College Mission Statement St. Norbert College, a Catholic liberal arts college embracing the Norbertine ideal
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
St. Norbert College Mission Statement
St. Norbert College, a Catholic liberal arts college embracing the Norbertine ideal
of communio, provides an educational environment that fosters intellectual, spiritual and personal development. Our three core traditions promote student learning outcomes that include skill development in critical and analytical thought, quantification, synthesis, problem solving and communication. Our students learn to apply these skills as responsible citizens of a diverse, interdependent and changing world. In all aspects of campus life, students are encouraged to identify, test and strengthen their moral convictions; act with personal integrity; develop meaningful personal goals; and build relationships based on mutual respect.