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Kratom Wikipedia article has been added to the wide range of the websites knowledge years before the plant itself reached popularity among the citizens of the United States. The page was last modified in November, 2013. The page is still a work in progress. And get to know more about the buy kratom.
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Mitragyna Speciosa Seeds are seeds that help grow the Mitragyna Speciosa plant. Mitragyna Speciosa Seeds aren't as common to find and there aren't a lot of vendors in the United States that sell them. The reason being that this plant is extremely difficult to grow in any region other than the hot humid weather that the southern states give.
Mitragyna Speciosa normally grows in the sub tropic regions of South East Asia and they thrive fairly well there. This plant, kin to the coffee tree, can grow in an excess of sixty feet or more. Starting this plant from a Mitragyna Speciosa Seed is a lengthy and time consuming process. Only the leaves and stem of this plant are harvested and that's only done when the plant has reached the age of five years. Harvesting too early won't give you the proper alkaloids you might need in regards to your Mitragyna Speciosa therapy.
Mitragyna Speciosa Seeds are also known as Kratom, Ketum, and Krantom on the market due to the gray area legality of this plant. Mitragyna Speciosa is banned in a few states due to the negative publicity the plant has received. There were several reports of people being hospitalized due to this plant but later was discovered that the individual indulged in several other substances while also taking Mitragyna Speciosa. Mitragyna Speciosa is a fickle plant, in that mixing it with anything else can cause harmful effects. Since this plant should be used for medicinal purposes anyway, mixing it with another substance is generally frowned upon in the Mitragyna Speciosa community.
Mitragyna Speciosa Seeds need a lot of love in the beginning to grow properly. Many botanists have a hard time getting the Mitragyna Speciosa Seeds to germinate due to soil conditions and so, becomes a challenge to even the most experienced "green thumbs".


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A suburb of Wolverhampton in West Midlands, as well as a ward of Wolverhampton City, Oxley has a deep history and once a mostly rural area. It sits on the route to Wolverhampton to Stafford road and also forms part of the Wolverhampton North East constituency.
Whether you'd like to take a date here for rest and relaxation or eat a lovely dinner, you won't ever go wrong when you send flowers to Oxley. It's a nice gesture for your date.
The name Oxley has roots in the Old English Language. "Ox" in Old English stands for "Oxa", the animal. "Ley" is from the Old English word leah, which means woodland clearing or meadow.
A lot of the place names in Wolverhampton have its origins in the Old English language and most of the land was indeed covered by woodland. Since the Cannock Forest reached up to Wolverhampton – and would have included the Oxley area – the name Oxley can therefore be translated as a clearing in the woodland with the presence of oxen.
Oxley was mostly a rural area up until the 20th century.
Three Tuns Parade – the focal point of Oxley. It is a shopping area located on Stafford Road and is adjacent to Bushbury North. There are several banks, shops and takeaways found here, including Wing Wah Chinese Buffet Restaurant, a branch of the Nationwide Building Society, Lloyds TSB, a Firkins Bakery and a lot more.
If you take a date for a romantic meal, do not forget to buy her some flowers in Oxley to set a romantic tone for the date.
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Reeds Rains Estate Agents – sale, letting and management of prestige properties across the North of England
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Scrivens Fordhouses – opticians
Halifax PLC – financial institution
Natwest – financial institution
Spring Palace – Chinese takeaway
Railway viaducts crossing the Birmingham Canal Navigations Main Line Canal – this is the principal local landmark in the area.
Goodyear tyre factory – Goodyear used to have a tyre factory in the area. However, it closed down in 2008. Part of it has been reduced to rubble to make way for a regeneration and housing project. The famous 81-year old chimney stack was demolished on 29 June 2008.
Wolverhampton Science Park – located close the south border of Oxley on the site of the old Gas Works at Gorsebook.
Church of the Epiphany – an Anglican Parish Church located on Lymer Road. The structure dates back to the early 1960s. Inside the church is a good example of a Compton Theatre organ, which was originally from the Windsor Theatre in Bearwood, Birmingham.
Also, there is a Polish community living in Oxley and they have a church up in Stafford Road.
When you decide to take a date here, don't forget to get them some Oxley flowers to set a really romantic tone. Although there isn't a lot to see, you can always treat Oxley as a destination where you can relax and unwind. With the Three Tuns Parade, you have a wide offering of food and other forms of enjoyment.
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Our flowers delivery services in Oxley, West Midlands are usually made by DPD or Royal Mail Special Delivery. 99.9% of our flowers are delivered by 5pm on the requested day - (more commonly before noon), except UK Public Holidays. We also offer a range of next-day flower delivery options in Oxley, West Midlands - specific information is available during checkout.
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subset: commoncrawl


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to stand next to wow gold, arrogant, tiffanysaid: "My children, who have just hit my little brother up? Stand out for me!"
Initials, Finals and he heard the crowd to stop laughing, have him over here. See they have a dozen people, have some worried. How can the former beauty lose face? Proton youngest stood up and loudly said: "The people that I play, how can tiffany jeweleryyou put me how was it?!"
Wu brother nodded, fingers to the youngest Gogo, "small force, very kind of you, right! A while you do not call Mom!"
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to stand next to wow gold, arrogant, tiffanysaid: "My children, who have just hit my little brother up? Stand out for me!"


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Desktop Security
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By default, Windows NT allows any program to access files on floppy disks and CDs. In a highly secure, multi-user environment, you might want to allow only the person interactively logged on to access those devices. This allows the interactive user to write sensitive information to these drives, confident that no other user or program can see or modify that data.
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Copyrights 2006
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Minster FM News
Leeds United shows racism the red card
12:01am 24th November 2011
Leeds United is showing racism the red card.
Over a 100 youngster are attending an anti-racism event at Leeds United Football Club on Thursday 24th November betyween 1pm and 3.15pm.
In attendance will be Leed United manager Simon Grayson and other SRtRC patrons, including former Leeds players, Brian Deane, Chris Kamara, Chris Fairclough, John Hendrie and former Newcastle United player Olivier Bernard
Young people from St Patrick's, Hill Top, Ingram Road, Bramhope, Raynville, Strawberry Fields and Kerr Mackie Primary Schools, are at the stadium for the 'Show Racism the Red Card' event.
They're being given the opportunity to take part in an afternoon of enjoyable and educational activities.
During the afternoon they will watch Show Racism the Red Card's latest DVD featuring top footballers and pose questions on racism to the special guests.
Ged Grebby, Chief Executive of Show Racism the Red Card said:
"SRtRC are delighted to receive such great support from our Honorary Patrons for this event. To have a panel answering questions from local school pupils that includes 5 ex-Leeds players, including Simon Grayson, the LUFC manager, is something really special."
"This event should be really memorable for the young people and we are confident that the anti-racist message presented on the day will reinforce the message that there is no room for racism in Leeds; in football or in society."
All of the young people will leave with a goody bag and a signed Leeds United poster.


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These are the stories of a gardener and her adventures in and sometimes out of her eclectic and eccentric garden in a suburb of Houston, Texas.
Friday, April 22, 2011
My Earth Day Adventure
By the time we arrived, the bed was roughed out and we were ready to begin the next phase of the process. While Jeff and Phil headed into Brenham to purchase compost, irrigation supplies and whatever else they deemed necessary, Laura and I took the back road from Somerville to Independence, home of the Antique Rose Emporium. This time last year, the fields along that road were blanketed in bluebonnets, a beautiful and welcome sight that was not repeated this year. Until then, I hadn't fully appreciated just how bad drought conditions are throughout Texas. Washington County is in extreme to exceptional drought; my corner of Katy is rated severe and bordering on extreme. The entire state of Texas is in at least a moderate state of drought. The governor of Texas designated this weekend as a time for citizens of all faiths and beliefs to offer prayers for rain. That's been my most fervent prayer for months now.
Despite the drought, there were still beautiful blooms to be seen at ARE, although they were less bountiful than in years past. Given the high winds we experienced today, it's a miracle that any blooms were able to stay in place. We managed to stay upright and were successful in our mission to purchase a Butterfly Rose, 'Mutabilis', and a 'Peggy Martin' climbing rose that I hope will cover the chain link fence. While we were there, I went ahead and purchased a 'Mutabilis' to replace the one in my rose bed that died, and a long-desired Climbing Pinkie for my back fence. Now I'm wishing I'd also bought a Peggy Martin for the split rail fence in the rose bed! An Agastache 'Purple Haze' jumped on my wagon as I made my way to check out. Funny how those plants know which wagon to choose!
On the way back to the cabin, we stopped at Discount Trees on Highway 36 to see what they might have on my wish list for Jeff & Laura's new garden. We had already decided to wait until fall to purchase and install a Mexican Plum in the bed, to give it a better chance of survival. We did find a 'Bubba' Desert Willow (Chilopsis linearis) and a Texas/Mexican Olive (Cordia boissieri), both of which should be able to handle being planted in such adverse conditions. A helpful Discount Trees employee was able to fit those into the back seat of the car and we headed back to the cabin to unload, after which we deemed it time for a lunch break. If you're in the Somerville area, we can highly recommend The Point, where the burgers are scrumptious and the pies are homemade. (I could have eaten a bowl or two of the owner's meringue all by itself.)
Back at the cabin after lunch, we unloaded and spread 18 bags of soil and compost. As promised, all I had to do was specify where the plants should be placed; Laura and her guys did all the digging, with assistance as needed from the Executive Producer. I did fluff roots and nestle the roses and trees/shrubs into the soil with words of encouragement. We relocated a Pineapple Guava (Feijoa sellowiana) and a Sweet Almond Verbena (Aloysia virginiana) to the bed from elsewhere on the property. With all plants thoroughly watered and settling into their new homes, the supervisor and crew relaxed with a refreshing adult beverage and admired the results of our labors.
All in all, it was a wonderful way to spend Earth Day: in the company of good friends who so generously share their country cabin with us, make each visit a pleasure, and give me the opportunity to share my love of plants with them. I'm looking forward to adding more plants to their garden and being there with them to enjoy the winged visitors those plants will bring!
9 comments:
- Kathy said...
Every gardener's dream come true: a clean slate and someone else to do the hard work! So sorry the drought is so bad for y'all.
- April 24, 2011 at 11:25 AM
- HolleyGarden said...
Only gardeners are optimistic enough to keep buying plants in a severe drought. I did that too, this weekend! :) Your friends will be thrilled when they start seeing butterflies in their new garden. How nice of you to help them out. Sounds like everyone had a lovely time.
- April 24, 2011 at 7:26 PM
- Dee/reddirtramblings said...
Our severe drought was finally lessened today. I loved your post and felt like I was traveling along with you. I think your rose choices are sublime. Such good roses. I want a Peggy Martin myself. People who are your friends are extremely lucky. I should know.~~Dee
- April 24, 2011 at 9:14 PM
- Carol said...
Sounds like it will be a beautiful garden with that one key ingredient often forgotten in some gardens -- friendship.
Prayers from here that you get some rain soon!
- April 24, 2011 at 10:24 PM
- Leslie said...
A perfect way to celebrate Earth Day and what fun for everyone! Prayers for rain for their new garden from here too.
- April 25, 2011 at 10:01 AM
- Mr. McGregor's Daughter said...
You've gotta love a plant named 'Bubba'. I hope the drought breaks soon. It's such a discouraging thing. At least with too much rain, things are growing. How lucky your friends are to have you help them bring their garden dream to life.
- April 25, 2011 at 8:46 PM
- Gail said...
There's no better way to celebrate Earth Day then to be out in nature planting a garden! It sounds like you had a wonderful day filled with celebration and friendship. gail
- April 26, 2011 at 7:43 AM
- Rose said...
I can't think of a better way to spend Earth Day, Cindy!
I've been frustrated the last few days because we've had so much rain that I can't get out and plant; I'll stop complaining now and count my blessings instead. Wish I could send some of this your way!
- April 26, 2011 at 8:19 AM
- sweetbay said...
What a perfect way to spend Earth Day! I envy you going to ARE; I love their roses.
- April 26, 2011 at 6:20 PM


text: Board of Directors The membership of CPA Canada's board reflects a cross-section of perspectives based on regional representation of the membership and public input. On September 28, 2016, the size of CPA Canada's board was reduced from 22 to 12 directors, eight of them nominated by the regions. CPA Canada board All members and the public have access to the CPA Canada by-laws that outline the principles by which the national CPA organization operates and interacts with its members. By-law Number 1 — Revised September 2016 By-law Number 2 CPA Canada Strategic Framework 2014-2015 CPA Canada executive team CPA Canada's executive team is led by the president and CEO, and two senior vice-presidents.


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Jeep Cherokee and Grand Cherokee Brake Problems
wtd44 Posts: 1,211That may be dangerous. Maybe you'd better get a good mechanic to check it out, just to stay safe.
windsock3 Posts: 1I was forced to use Midas to repair the brake booster in my 99 Grand Cherokee last April. Since then I've had numerous problems with my cruise control disconnecting for no reason. I recently had an electric car starter installed and I'm having the same problems with that as well. My question is could the mechanic that installed the brake booster have done anything to the system to make this happen. It's as thought the brake pedal is being inadvertently tapped to disconnect the other systems. Any help would be appreciated.
brake light switch needs to be ajusted
iman408 Posts: 1Hi, I am having the same problem. Does anyone have the answer for this??
mihood2000 Posts: 1I am trying to change brake pads and cant get the bolts undone. I am using an 18 MM socket. Are these left handed threads?
brian_2223 Posts: 1Could be the master cylinder.
arbordev Posts: 14.0 6cyl.
The chime was going off advising me that my coolant was low. Upon a further look, I found that the float had fallen off the float sensor in the plastic tank, I fixed it and put it back on. Unfortunately the screen and chime kept saying the coolant was low, so I finally went to jeep and bought a new sensor and seal for the coolant tank. After installing it, I had not gone fifteen minutes and the chime and the screen advised me that the coolant was low.
sfarnsworth Posts: 1Hi i'm having a problem with the pedal going almost to the floor when the engine
is running. With the engine off pedal is normal.
the abs light is on.
i have changed all the fluid and bleed the system.
any help would be appreciated
"i'm having a problem with the pedal going almost to the floor when the engine
is running. With the engine off pedal is normal."
Sounds like there is either air in the lines or a problem with the power booster. This happened to me when I didn't pay attention and installed new front brake calipers on the wrong sides, which put the bleed valve at the bottom instead of the top (allowing air to remain in the calipers.)
andrew82 Posts: 1we changed the brake pads,rotars, calipers, and bleed the whole system, and the brakes are still real soft and they go all the way to the floor and dont even stop, i have had a few idea's as far as changing the master cylinder, any ideas.
Don't tell anyone, but I made the mistake of installing new calipers on the wrong sides one time which resulted in the brake pedal going to the floor. Just make sure the bleeder valve is at the top.
pjs412 Posts: 2I recently changed a bad booster on my 89 cherokee. the master cylinder worked fine before i changed the booster so i put it back on. i bled the system until i had clean fluid at all 4 wheels, yet had little resistance on the pedal. so i installed a new master and bled the system again. still had little resistance on the pedal so i adjusted the plunger on the booster out. it now stops, but too well. the pedal is VERY sensitive so much so that the pedal doesn't travel far enough to operate the brake lights, but the pedal will still travel all the way to the floor. What do I need to try next?
hello i have a 1990 jeep cherokee and it seem to just have the front brakes working does anyone know if there is a sensor or wire that can correct this problem thank you
hello does anyone know if there is a sencor or wire or vacuum hose to the brake booster or master cylinder because it seem that my front brakes only work i cheked my brake pads and all are ok can anyone help me please thanks
hello not sure if i am doing this write i am new to this site i am trying to post 1 but i get directed to last so i will try again i have a 1990 cherokee and i only have front brakes working does anyone know if there is a sencor or wire or vacuum line to the booster or mastercylinder thanks
cschow1 Posts: 1it only happens after I have been driving for a while. We have replaced both calipers and the master cylinder. Any Ideas?
dkblue69 Posts: 1In my estimation, your over-heated brakes are being caused by sticky calipers. Many times, when you replace brake pads, this forces the internal piston seals to operate in a region that has accumulated residue (rust, sludge, etc). I have had the same thing happen on my Chevy truck. You may be able to get away with just changing pads once without this happening, but its likely you would either need to change the calipers or rebuild them with new piston seals after honing the caliper cylinders for the car's second brake job. I know this is probably getting to you about two years late, but there it is.
4x4jeep Posts: 13whats your fluid look like, i would say on each wheel bleed the brakes, if that didnt help any then go with master cylinder. i am prosuming the abs has no codes. it sounds like the master cyclinder isnt releasing. :confuse:
1998 Jeep Cherokee 6 cyl 4x4 Automatic
I just replaced the front u-joints, rotors, and pads on it. However after test driving the jeep, a horrible clunking/griding noise comes from what sounds like the front left side of the jeep at LOW speeds. Applying the brake at 35mph+ renders nothing at all, just at low speeds. It is very loud and annoying, you can feel it right in the pedal. Any ideas? I double checked the pads/rotors and everything looks fine. I am guessing it has something to do with ABS? I need help! Thanks...
drbrake Posts: 1It is most likely that you have set the booster output pushrod too long.
This rod should almost never be adjusted. The tolerance on the rod length is ± 0.007"
With the rod too long you are keeping the ports in the master cylinder closed and pressure is building up in the system and probably dragging the brakes.
Back off the length of the rod until you are sure you are not trapping any pressure in the system. This has to be checked with vacuum in the booster and the system at normal operating temperatures.
hope this helps
on my 2000 grand the brake peddel return is the boster it self when you get brake drage just put your toe under the brake peddle and lift tworde you see if releases the brakes if does then look for binding in the pins that conect the boster to the peddle
docsjeep Posts: 2airock2000 did you ever find the answer to your problem because I have the exact same issue and it is driving me crazy trying to find an answer.
Yes, I did! I had recently replaced the u-joints in the front wheels and part of the spindle got broken a bit with the hammer, so when it was spinning the abs sensor was not picking up the correct reading, so at low speeds it caused the abs to kick in and go haywire. What I did was disconnect the abs sensor in the front wheel and it turned the abs off, now my brakes work fine.
Hi all!
I've got a 2004 Grand Cherokee (Limited, 4.7V8, etc) that is coming up on 150K and is in need of some new brake components once again. Rather than go to the shop and get bent over like usual, I'm going to just tackle this one myself. I've done it before, so that's not the issue. My problem is that I don't know what pads and rotors to go with.
Now, I'm not looking to cheap out here. I'd like to get some pads that offer good performance for towing. I pull a 12 foot open trailer for both work and play, with loads ranging from a couple motocross bikes to 2000 pound of various raw materials. So towing performance is mandatory.
Conversely, this Jeep- despite being dearly loved- has seen a hard life of work, play and roadtrips, and wil probably be lucky to see 200k, so I don't want to get anything too expensive. Just something to last me the life of the vehicle.
Ah, jeez, I don't know how I ended up posting in this, I meant to start a new discussion. Sorry.
stever Posts: 52,683This is probably as good a place as any. People tend to follow exisiting discussions and may not see a brand new one anyway, especially if it seems to be a "duplicate".
ppaul3 Posts: 1Hi James,
I just finished my brake job this afternoon. I went with the ceramic pads from auto zone. They all had a life time warranty. so I went with the cheep ones. I found out during my pizza delivery days that the metallic pads did last longer but the rotors didn't last as long. If you need to take the rotors off, good luck!. You need to get the retaining clip off the stud the get the biggest hammer you have and beat the hell out of it to loosen it off the hub. use a piece of wood to protect the rotor.
hello, i have a 2002 jeep grand cherokee overland. i just changed the front rotors and pads and also changed the rear rotors and pads, i have a squeaking noise coming from the back, i had the same noise before i changed all the parts. anybody know what the problem is? plz help the noise is driving me nuts!
rear wheel bearing?
well what happened was i changed the brake pads and rotors on the rear and the noise stopped for 3 days and now its back as it was before i changed the rotors and brakes,,


text:
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Atif Aslam has turns his voice into qawwali in the coke studio season 8 episode 1 independence day special. He sings a very beautiful old qawwali of sabri brothers Tajdar e haram. So you can enjoy this beautiful qalam here. Tajdar e haram by atif aslam download audio mp3 free download listen audio full song, complete high quality hd 720, atif aslam songs, free audio listen.
Song: Tajdar e Haram
Singer: Atif Aslam
Coke Studio Season 8


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The festival of lights is round the corner and is the perfect time to share your joy and happiness with your family members as well as employees, collegues and business clients. You will find the market shops flooded with chocolate gift hampers and gifts but do not follow the regular trend. The gifts that you select for corporates should be unique and impressive and should leave a deep impact on their hearts. You can choose from the ubiquitous range of gift items mentioned by us:
1. Gift Cards :
Whether it is about enjoying movies in theater or a delightful meal or may be a online shopping voucher, the gift card is one of the easily available gift which can be given to workers and co-workers. You can choose among various categories like Apparel, food and dining, movies, spa and massages etc if you are not able find any special gift for your workforce.
2. Laptops for Top Performers :
Gifting a Good Laptop is a best way to boost the confidence of top performing executives in your company. You can compare the various laptop models of reputed brands like Dell, HP, Lenovo, Sony, Asus, Acer and choose the the one suiting your budget range. It will create a positive environment and increase their work productivity as well.
3. Chocolates and Dry fruit Hamper :
You can never go wrong with edible things like chocolates and dry fruits. They are the most irresistible items and are perfect ways to show your love and affection towards employees or clients. Alternatively, you can also opt for contemporary food items like Donut Box (pack of 6 or 12 of different flavours) or 1 kg packing of fruit/chocolate cake or designer chocolate packing for gifting.
4. Mobile Phones :
Your clients and co-workers are quite valuable for you as they have major contribution in your growth. Make them feel important and valued by gifting them a mobile phone which is the mostly used item in daily life. Depending on your budget, you can choose the mobile phone model. Indian/Chinese manufacturers like Karbonn, Micromax, Lyf, Xiaomi, Intex and Lava offer various models below 5000 and also in the price bracket of 5K-8K.
5. Appliances :
Instead of giving cash as bonus, you can give a useful home or kitchen appliance to your employees. They will cherish it more than a monetary gift. From coffee makers to waffle makers, toasters, pressure cookers, hand blenders or a Room heater, the list is endless. An oil filled room heater will be more expensive than electric fan heater or radiant heater. You can choose among them according to our price range and preference.
We hope that you can make a better decision now and celebrate the festival with full enthusiasm.


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Cyberspace sales war as 'Black Friday' fever grips Dublin shoppers
Irish shoppers will today splurge a massive €4m every hour as 'Black Friday' spending fever grips the country.
Retailers are offering bargains for a range of products - coupled with an array of sales promotions - aimed at getting an early slice of the festive spend.
So-called Black Friday and Cyber Monday - American traditions now gaining a foothold in Ireland - mark the start of a three-week run-in to Christmas.
Retail Ireland expects this to be the best festive season for retailers in seven years, with overall sales to increase by 3.5pc on last year.
Visa Europe predicts that €98m will be spent on online purchases by the time the tills ring off on 'Cyber Monday' on December 1.
This represents an 18pc increase on the €83m spent by Irish consumers during the same period last year - making it the biggest weekend for Irish online shopping in history.
In-store and shopping online today is set to top €128m, Visa said. Debenhams, Harvey Norman, Currys, Argos, Littlewoods, and Smyths, are among the many retailers with sales promotions this weekend, both online and in stores.
And with the sales set to continue, the biggest sellers are electrical goods, ranging from smart TVs and washing machines, to the usual galaxy of laptops and tablets.
Irish shoppers on British sites from Amazon to Topshop are also being enticed with a variety of special discounts.
Ireland's main Christmas shopping day was traditionally December 8, but trade is now spread out over a longer period, with various promotions designed to entice spenders to part with their cash.
Thomas Burke, director of Retail Ireland, said this weekend marks the start of the "real" Christmas shopping period.
Richard Guiney, chief executive of business grouping DublinTown, said today will be "crazy", with over 600,000 would-be purchasers expected to flood the city centre.
This time last year saw the single biggest yearly week-on-week increase with 32pc more visitors in the city. Overall, Dublin city centre footfall continues to increase, and is up on 2014 by almost 5pc since the beginning of September.
Shopping outlets in various population centres have also invested heavily in various marketing initiatives, plus the provision of other enticements, such as special parking.


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Staff reports | The Republican-dominated House this voted to approve a resolution calling on new Gov. Henry McMaster to expand Medicaid in South Carolina.
Rep. Joseph Jefferson, D-Pineville, joined with a host of fellow Democrats in submitting a resolution, H. 3678, that calls for the expansion after — and that is key – some language in the bill that welcomes McMaster to his new position. The proclamation passed and was sent to the Senate, where it was handed over to the Medical Affairs Committee.
But it appears that Republicans who voted for the measure may not have read past the second line of the summary of the measure (thereby failing to see the part on expanding Medicaid). House Speaker Jay Lucas (R-Hartsville) quickly co-authored a bill repealing the proclamation.
Lucas' office did not respond for comment. Jefferson said Friday morning that the plan was to ask the new governor to consider Medicaid expansion.
"When we realized it wasn't going anywhere, we took it down … Sometimes, you do things just to get along, and finally that's what we did." So does Jefferson think the Republicans failed to read the proclamation? "I don't want to speculate."


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KPMG in Singapore
Leader of the CIO Advisory Centre of Excellence for the ASPAC region, based in Singapore. CIO Advisory are services designed to help IT executives with Digital Transformation, managing the IT function like a business and deliver service excellence. CIOA is a major part of IT Advisory services across KPMG. My role is to provide support and assistance to the CIO Advisory practice leaders in Japan, Korea, China/Hong Kong, Taiwan, ASEAN, Australia and New Zealand.


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Why does ISIL in Raqqa teach Saudi curricula?" but she tended to answer instead of him: "Because you match with ISIL more than any other groups in the region.
Israa al-Fass
In her latest interview on al-Jazeera English, Italian Journalist from Palestinian origin, Rola Jibril asked the Saudi General Anwar 'Eshki: "Why does ISIL in Raqqa teach Saudi curricula?" but she tended to answer instead of him: "Because you match with ISIL more than any other groups in the region."
Same curricula have been slammed by Director of Gulf Affairs Institute in Washington, Ali Ahmad, in a televised interview. He described them as: "Full of bold expressions that consider most of the Muslims as infidels, create enmity and fight the other... they are Takfiri sectarian mobilizing curricula that make the student think as if we are living a war with the other Muslim and the other citizen," ...with the Muslim "who doesn't follow Wahabism as an interpretation for Islam, as well as the Christian, Jew and other different persons."
Under the "Major polytheism," Saudi curricula exclude entire Islamic groups from Islam, such as Sufism, Imamate, Ismailism and Mu'tazila. All of this is mentioned boldly in the education curricula. The book of "Tawhid" for the third secondary class of the scholastic year (2006-2007) considers that "what is blatant infidelity, is roaming around the tombs to approach those buried inside, offering sacrifices and vows for them, and praying for them seeking their help, or the sayings of the exaggerators of Jahmi and Mu'tazila"... or such as the Batiniyya doctrine and philosophers, according to the course of the third secondary class (2013-2014) page 33. Takfir reaches the followers of the divine religions as well.
The expression of (blatant infidelity) is common in the language of the Saudi curricula, as a jurisdictional judgment that raises the sense of responsibility among students towards the beliefs of others. This sense holds them a duty to (repudiate), which obliges them to conduct what replaces the blatant infidelity with the honest belief, which legalizes destruction and killings, since infidelity and faith couldn't coexist.
In other words, the (blatant infidelity) is provocation to kill on which the very small kid is raised in Saudi Arabia, until he becomes able to press the destructive button to detonate an explosion.
"A human would either be originally infidel such as Jews, Christians and idolatrous... and considering them infidel is a duty, and he who doesn't consider them infidel or doubt their fidelity is also infidel," this is how the "Tawhid" course of the third secondary class of the scholastic year (2013-2014) page 30 considers all other religions and sects as non-Muslims, after considering all other non-Wahabi Muslim groups as committing major infidelity which provides considering them infidel and legalizing their killing.
Director of Religious Freedom Center in Freedom House, Nina Shea, said: "We are worried because their curricula call for intolerance with other religions and cultures including the other Islamic doctrines and interpretations," those curricula are still "full of thoughts of hatred against Christians, Jews and other Muslims, starting from the first elementary class' curriculum to reach the twelfth year with more violent language."
In an article entitled "Schools Funded by Saudi Arabia Teach Religious Hatred", Caroline Davis and Gray Baton wrote on February 6 of 2007 for the "Daily Telegraph" on the schools based in the United Kingdom. Citing "Professor of English in the King Fahed's Academy in Acton, West London, Collin Kook, 62 years: the scholastic books used by students at the academy describe Jews as "misshapen" monkeys, and the Christians as "pigs". According to him, students were asked to "mention some of the characteristics of misshaping Jews."
In the same article, "American Rights Group Freedom House highlighted some scholastic books in its report of 2006, in which it described (the Saudi curricula of hatred) quoting some book that orients students to announce fighting against infidels to spread the belief."
Such texts explain how 19 Saudis would participate in the September 11 attacks of 2001 which targeted civilians, in addition to many other crimes committed in the Muslim world by the Takfiris against non-Muslim minorities just like the crimes that slaughtered Muslims.
Also under the title of "loyalty and repudiation", in the course of "Tawhid" for the third secondary class of the year (2013-2014) page 107, it is allowed to be loyal to "the infidels" only in the cases of fear, obligation, weakness and force, while keeping hatred and hiding it.
As such points stress the idea of keeping animosity against the infidels (the Muslims who are judged as infidels, Christians and Jews who follow divine religions), this allows the ruler or the king to deal with them and make agreements under the banner of interest, to find an exit for a crisis that has always been in front of the Saudi kings in justifying their relations with the Western regimes.
The same course in page 108 mentions: "It is thought that getting engaged in pacts with infidels is prohibited and it is considered as surrendering to those who oppressed, which provides excluding them from Islam. This speech is not ultimate as the ruler of Muslims would find an agreement with the infidels in some situations and times serving the interests of Muslims or protecting them from something evil. This agreement would also include a sort of compromise or disgrace towards Muslims, but it serves a bigger interest or deters a bigger corruption."
With this opinion, Saudi rulers faced the criticism they were subject to as they allowed French forces to bomb Mecca and confront the movement of Juhayman al-Otaybi in 1979. They also came with the same opinion when the as-Sahwa movement in the Kingdom rejected the Saudi alliance with the United States in the second Gulf war in 1991, or even when criticizing the Saudi role in the American invasion of Iraq in 2003.
Obeying the Ruler
As Saudi curricula unleash the thought of considering Muslims and non-Muslims as infidels, it keeps what allows it to manage Takfirism and control it. Here the secret hides in the title of "Obeying the Ruler" who must be "offered the pledge of loyalty and agreed upon."
In the book of "Tawhid" for the third secondary class (2013-2014), page 99 says that obeying the ruler is "one of the greatest religious duties in which religion doesn't stand without." Hence, it stresses that "it is prohibited not to obey the ruler and to argue him even if he was committing injustice, oppression or sin,"... "Because this disobedience would lead to riot, corruption, evil and imbalance of security and bloodshed," considering the ruler as sacred even if he was tyrant is provided by the Saudi curricula at a time when they consider Muslims, who consider the saints as sacred whether they were alive or dead, as infidels.
In his early years of education, the Saudi kid learns terms like: heresies, atheism and monotheism. However, in his last years, the Saudi student would have been able to identify such terms and apply them in reality to consider everybody as infidel, drawing an incomplete image for the enemy, and waiting the judgment of the ruler...
This is how the image of the enemy is drawn in the Saudi religious curricula, and this is how arrogance and occupation are found innocent while fighting them is banned under the title of "obeying the ruler."
To check previous parts:
Part one: Saudi Curricula... How it Produced Brutality
Part two: Saudi Curricula: We Came to Slaughter You


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Ida Skinner letter to brother, 1903
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Ida Winslow Skinner of Lewiston wrote to her brother, Burton H. Winslow of Saco, about an upcoming visit he was planning. She mentions that she and her other brother, Allen of Auburn, have telephones and "find them very convenient."
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If you are looking for a high traffic site for your commercial business, this is it. This tract is located in the Wesson City limits on the West side of highway 51, directly across from the entrance to COLIN community college and also at the intersection of Old Highway 51. There is approximately 540 feet of frontage on Highway 51. It would be a great spot for your business.
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Raining crazily where I breathe. I just call it "breathe" because I never felt that I belong to that place when it rains sometimes. I don't have any cigarettes after finishing one packet everyday in that week. I was thinking to make a list of the sexiest songs of all times. I need your contributions. no don't need just want or desire yeah...! desire is the best word when you talk something about "sexy".
1- Massive Attack Paradise Circus
1,5- Shivaree- Goodnight Moon
2- Garbage- You Look So Fine
3- Fiona Apple – I Want You (Elvis Costello Cover)
4- Placebo - Meds
5- Hooverphonic- Mad About You
6- Emilie Simon- Swimming
7- Morrissey - Let Me Kiss You
8-Urge Overkill – Girl You'll Be A Woman Soon
9-Blue Foundation – Bonfires
10-Nouvelle Vague – In a Manner of Speaking
11- Chris Isaak – Wicked Game
12- Madonna – Frozen
13- Eddie Van Halen - Catherine
14-Waldeck – Why Did We Fire The Gun?
15-Blonde Redhead- Elephant Woman
16- Blonde Redhead - Pink Love
17-Röyksopp- What Else is There ?
18-Anya Marina – Whatever You Like
19- Mono- Life in Mono
20- Gotye- Hearts a Mess
21- She Wants Revenge – She Loves Me, She Loves Me Not
22- PJ Harvey – This Mess We're In [Feat. Thom Yorke]
23- Ladytron – Destroy Everything You Touch
24- Mazzy Star – Fade Into You
25- Delerium- Innocente
26-Radiohead- Jigsaw Falling into Place
27-The Knife- Marble House
28- Charlotte Gainsbourg- Master's Hands
29-Led Zeppelin- I Can't Quit You Baby - Sınce I've Been Loving You Baby- Baby I'm Gonna Leave You
30- The White Stripes- I Just Don't Know What to Do With Myself
31- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart- Requiem
32- Friedrich Chopin- Etude For Piano No, 12 Op. 10, 12 (Revolutionary Etude)
33-Johann Sebastian Bach- Brandenburg Concerto No.4 in g major, bwv 1049 Andante
34-The Beatles- Girl
35- Deftones- Digital Bath- Ordinary Love
36-Hooverphonic- 2wicky- Mad About You
37-The XX- Crystalised
38- Blonde Redhead- Here Sometimes
39-Björk- Bachelorette
40- Placebo- Running Up That Hill
41-Yasemin Mori- Sen Beni Sokaklardan Say
42-Oh Land- Wolf & I
43-Elliott Smith – Because
44-Guano Apes - Scratch the Pitch
45-Chris Rea- The Blue Cafe
46-Depeche Mode- Personal Jesus- I Feel You
47-Elysian Fields- Black Acres
48-She Wants Revenge- She Loves Me, She Loves Me Not
49-King Crimson- Sex, Sleep, Eat, Drink, Dream
50-Richard Ashcroft- Song For Lovers


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This weekend I am headed to Durban with P to be the official photographer for an article he is writing. Woootl! We go away for the quick weekend a lot and so I've become pretty efficient at throwing together a bag. One thing that I can say about myself is that while I generally love the excess, I'm good at keeping my luggage to a minimum (I have gone on three week trips with only a rollie carry on).
My strategy, whether I'm going away for 2 days or 2 weeks, is to write up a list on my iPhone in the Notes app. I'm a pretty last minute person but if I have a big trip coming up then I can add things to my packing list as I think of them in the days leading up to it. This way, when I'm inevitably throwing things into a bag hours before my flight I don't miss anything important.
Weekend Away Checklist:


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Main Menu
West Long Branch, NJ
- Hillary Clinton is currently ahead of Donald Trump by 6 points among likely voters. This is down from the 12 point lead she had in mid-October but slightly larger than the 4 point lead she had in September. Very few voters, though, say that they have changed their vote because of breaking news in the last several
days. The latest
Monmouth University Poll
also finds the vast majority of voters believe that the election outcome will be determined fairly rather than because the system was rigged.
Currently, 50% of likely voters support Clinton and 44% back Trump, with 4% supporting Libertarian Gary Johnson and 1% backing Jill Stein of the Green Party. Clinton held a larger 50%+ to 38% lead before the final presidential debate in mid-October and a slimmer 46% to 42% edge right before the first debate in late September.
Only 4% of registered voters say they learned something in the past ten days that caused them to change their vote. The major movement was a drop in the number of undecided and third party votes
and an increase in Trump support.
"A key finding in the poll is that Clinton's vote share continues to hover near the 50 percent mark while Trump's support has been more volatile," said Patrick Murray, director of the independent Monmouth University Polling Institute.
Trump currently leads among white voters by 54% to 37% mainly due to a 59% to 30% advantage among white men. He leads by a much smaller margin of 49% to 44% among white women. Clinton has a 79% to 13% advantage among non-white voters.
Regardless of who they support, a majority of voters nationwide (57%) think that Clinton will probably emerge as the victor on Tuesday. Just 28% think Trump will win. Clinton voters (87%) are more confident than Trump voters (62%) that their candidate will be the president-elect. Among those who believe Clinton will triumph, 84% say she will win fair and square while 11% say she will win mainly because the system is rigged. Among those who believe Trump will prevail, 92% say he will win fair and square while 4% say he will win mainly because the system is rigged.
"A very small number of voters anticipate a rigged election despite all the buzz about this being a concern," said Murray.
Monmouth University Poll
also finds that 70% of voters would have preferred that the Republican nominee was someone other than Trump and 62% of voters would have preferred that the Democratic nominee was someone other than Clinton. Slightly more Trump voters (46%) than Clinton voters (40%) wish that the party nominee they are actually casting their vote for was someone other than the candidate whose name appears on their ballots.
"It is a telling sign of the sad state of this election that nearly half of both Clinton and Trump voters seem to want a do-over for their party's nominee," said Murray.
In other poll results, Clinton's personal rating has declined slightly since October while Trump's rating has ticked up. Currently, 37% of all likely voters have a favorable opinion of Clinton and 54% have an unfavorable view of her. This compares with a 41% favorable to 50% unfavorable likely voter rating last month. A similar 34% of likely voters have a favorable opinion of Trump and 55% have an unfavorable view of him. This is up from a 27% favorable to 62% unfavorable likely voter rating last month.
Monmouth University Poll
was conducted by telephone from November 3 to 6, 2016 with 802 registered voters in the United States. The results in this release based on all registered voters have a margin of error of ±
3.5 percent. Results based on likely voters only have a margin of error of ± 3.6 percent. The poll was conducted by the Monmouth University Polling Institute in West Long Branch, NJ.
(* Some columns may not add to 100% due to rounding.)
1/2. If the election for President was today, would you vote for Donald Trump the Republican, Hillary Clinton the Democrat, Gary Johnson the Libertarian, or Jill Stein of the Green Party? [
If you had to vote for one of the following candidates at this moment, who do you lean toward - Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton?] [
Registered voters
42% Donald Trump
49% Hillary Clinton
4% Gary Johnson
1% Jill Stein
1% (VOL) Other candidate
1% (VOL) Undecided
2% (VOL) No one
Likely voters
44% Donald Trump
50% Hillary Clinton
2% (VOL) Other candidate
0% (VOL) No one
HEAD TO HEAD - TRUMP v. CLINTON
[Johnson/Stein/Other supporters reassigned to major party nominee they lean toward]:
5% (VOL) Other candidate
3. Is your general impression of Donald Trump favorable or unfavorable, or do you have no opinion of him?
33% Favorable
55% Unfavorable
13% No opinion
34% Favorable
11% No opinion
4. Is your general impression of Hillary Clinton favorable or unfavorable, or do you have no opinion of her?
54% Unfavorable
12% No opinion
37% Favorable
9% No opinion
Everything else being equal…
5. Would you have preferred that the Republican nominee was someone other than Donald Trump or are you satisfied with Trump as the nominee? [
Would you have preferred someone else a great deal or just somewhat?]
54% Preferred other a great deal
12% Preferred other just somewhat
4% Preferred other not sure
27% Satisfied with Trump
3% (VOL) Don't know
6. Would you have preferred that the Democratic nominee was someone other than Hillary Clinton or are you satisfied with Clinton as the nominee? [
Would you have preferred someone else a great deal or just somewhat?]
48% Preferred other a great deal
10% Preferred other just somewhat
34% Satisfied with Clinton
4% (VOL) Don't know
7. Have you learned anything new in the past ten days that has caused you to change your mind about your presidential vote, or not?
4% Yes, changed mind
60% No, not changed mind
36% Already voted
8. Who do you think will probably win the national election for president, Donald Trump or Hillary Clinton?
28% Trump
57% Clinton
2% (VOL) Neither/someone else
13% (VOL) Don't know
Question 9 was asked only of those said Trump or Clinton will probably win; n=687, moe ±
9. Do you think [Trump/Clinton] will win fair and square or will [he/she] win mainly because the system is rigged?
87% Fair and square
9% Because the system is rigged
4% (VOL) Don't know
92% Fair and square
4% Because the system is rigged
84% Fair and square
11% Because the system is rigged
Monmouth University Poll
was sponsored and conducted by the Monmouth University Polling Institute from November 3 to 6, 2016 with a national random sample of 802 registered voters. Interviews were conducted by a live caller in English, including 401 drawn from a list of registered voters (201 landline / 200 cell phone) and 401 using random digit dial (201 landline / 200 cell phone). Monmouth is responsible for all aspects of the survey design, data weighting and analysis. The final sample is weighted for age, gender, race and partisanship based on voter list and U.S. Census information. Data collection support provided by Braun Research (field), Aristotle (voter list sample), and SSI (RDD sample). For results based on this sample, one can say with 95% confidence that the error attributable to sampling has a maximum margin of plus or minus 3.5 percentage points (unadjusted for sample design). Sampling error can be larger for sub-groups (see table below). In addition to sampling error, one should bear in mind that question wording and practical difficulties in conducting surveys can introduce error or bias into the findings of opinion polls.
Click on pdf file link below for full methodology and results by key demographic groups.
Download this Poll Report with all tables
Download PDF
West Long Branch, NJ 07764 www.monmouth.edu/polling Follow on Twitter: @MonmouthPoll
732-263-5858 (office) firstname.lastname@example.com Follow on Twitter: @PollsterPatrick
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- Monmouth University Polling Institute
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8/31 Caroline Street Hawthorn East 3123 VIC
This property has been relisted
8/31 Caroline Street,Hawthorn East VIC
Apartment For Rent
$380 per week
Neat and Secure
Split System A/C to be installed. This neat two bedroom apartment is well located - within walking distance to shops, transport and parklands.
* Security Entrance
* Large spacious living room
* Private Balcony
* Good size separate kitchen and meals area
* Electric cooking and heating
* Built in robes to both bedrooms
* Freshly painted bathroom with Shower over bath
* Separate toilet
* Laundry facilities in bathroom
* Single Carspace
* Neutral tones
* Wall to wall tiles throughout
PLEASE NOTE: Open for Inspection Times and Property Availability are subject to change or cancellation without notice. Melway Ref 45F12.
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Noel Jones Camberwell
Camberwell VIC, 3124
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Real Estate For Rent in Hawthorn East, VIC 3123 priced between $250 and $460


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We spent a lovely week in Fes, staying at Dar Roumana the entire time. The riad is beautifully appointed and the service is first class. We also dined there several nights and each time had a wonderful meal (including one specially made for our queasy stomachs). Well done Jen, Vanessa and Vincent and staff!
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Beautifully restored Riad guesthouse in the ancient medina with a 360 degree panoramic view from the furnished roof terrace, where drinks and breakfast is served. All rooms (4 suites and 1 double room) are decorated with traditional arts and crafts, intricate carved plaster, high cedar ceilings, mosaic tile floors, and hand-crafted furniture. At the heart of the Riad is an ornately tiled courtyard with a sunken fountain where our restaurant is located. The cuisine is French/Mediterranean with a Moroccan twist and dining with us is a highlight for our guests. Other amenities include an intimate salon with fireplace, large library, DVD/TV salon, roof-top BBQ, and free WiFi access. The managers provide a full concierge service to help our guests with any arrangements they might need and allow them to experience the best of the Fes Medina and surrounding areas. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Agoda and Priceline so you can book your Dar Roumana reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Dar Roumana Hotel Fes


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GraphicRiver Blue Waves 7001257
Category: Logo Template | Comment: ( 0 )
GraphicRiver Blue Waves 7001257
Logo Template \ Symbols
Sports \ River \ Power \ Nature \ Ocean \ Summer \ Surf \ Ship \ Waves \ Wave \ Travel
Logo Template - Blue Waves 7001257 by thecrea @ GraphicRiver
Logo Template \ Symbols
Graphics Files Included: Vector EPS, AI Illustrator; Layered: Yes; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS; Resolution: Resizable.
? Ai and eps format.
- Fully editable.
- CMYK color mode, black and white versions included.
- Used free font link in the zip folder.
- Please don't forget to rate if you like it
Cool Geek; Arrow Direction Letter A Logo Template; Market Deals; Love Chat; Auto Repair; Play Arrow; Home Repair.
Keywords: abstract, agency, aqua, beach, blue, brand, clean, company, corporate, factory, fresh, health, holiday, line, logo, marine, nature, ocean, power, river, sea, sports, summer, surf, travel, water, wave, waves ship, way.
Download Link


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Kortrijk and West Lafayette – February 26, 2013 - M4Sciences LLC and NV Bekaert SA signed a long-term agreement that will give Bekaert access to M4 Sciences' Modulation Assisted Machining (MAM) technology and related patents.
Bekaert continues to lead the industry by adopting new technology. The new application demonstrates the economic potential for machining technology when adopted by an industry champion. A key to Bekaert's success with MAM was the pursuit of technical advantage, commitment to engineering excellence and early partnership with M4 Sciences. This additional technology sublicense agreement follows the success of a previous co-development.
Bekaert will be implementing the MAM technology in a breakthrough manufacturing process while the new agreement will expand the market applications.
About M4Sciences
M4 Sciences' MAM technology is the first of its kind in the machining industry. The technology was first integrated by M4 Sciences into a machining system, called the TriboMAM drilling system, which superimposes a low-frequency oscillation in drilling processes.
The technology developed by M4 Sciences was discovered at Purdue University's School of Industrial Engineering and licensed through the Purdue Research Foundation's Office of Technology Commercialization.
About Bekaert
Bekaert (www.bekaert.com) is a world market and technology leader in steel wire transformation and coatings. Bekaert (Euronext Brussels: BEKB) is a global company with headquarters in Belgium, employing 27 000 people worldwide. Serving customers in 120 countries, Bekaert pursues sustainable profitable growth in all its activities and generated combined sales of € 4.4 billion in 2012.


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|SalesVantage.com >> Article Archives >> Selling Tactics >> Assessing the Prospect
Talk about customer knowledge and most sales people will assume you
Copyright ©2000 by Timothy F. Bednarz,PhD All Rights Reserved
Timothy F. Bednarz, PhD is the Principal Partner of the American Management Development Group. He can be reached at 800.654-4935 or email@example.com. Find out more at www.LetsTalkSelling.com.
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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 21, 2001
|Filing date
|Apr 4, 2000
|Priority date
|Apr 4, 2000
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Daniel Alexander Crawford, David Lynn Ehle, Joyce Dale Carsey, Diana K. Voges, Michael G. Schuplin, Robert Harold Wind
|Original Assignee
|Delphi Technologies, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (19), Classifications (15), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to a method of operation for an automotive cruise control system, and more particularly to a control including integral gain.
Vehicle speed or cruise control systems typically include an actuator for positioning the throttle of the vehicle engine in relation to the difference between a commanded vehicle speed and a measure of the actual vehicle speed. Such difference, commonly referred to as the speed error, is periodically computed and used to develop a desired throttle position, and a feedback control system brings the actual throttle position into correspondence with the desired position.
The development of the desired throttle position generally involves some mathematical processing of the speed error and other related signals, and a calculation or table-look up that takes vehicle-specific characteristics and time constants into account. In general, the mathematical processing can be characterized as comprising various combinations of proportional, integral and derivative terms. For example, a PI or proportional-plus-integral control entails the summation of a first term proportional to the speed error itself, and a second term proportional to the integral of the speed error. The proportional term alone may be adequate under most conditions, but its gain is usually limited to ensure control system stability. In a cruise control systems, this means that small speed errors due to road grade, for example, may remain uncorrected. The integral term is used to correct such errors and thereby improve the control response to non-zero road grades because the value of the integral term increases with cumulative speed error. However, if the integral gain is set high enough to provide quick response to changing road grade, it tends to produce undulations in the commanded throttle position when the road grade is essentially constant. Such undulations are not only unnecessary, but also undesired, as they may be noticeable to the vehicle passengers and accelerate wear of the throttle actuator. Accordingly, what is needed is a vehicle cruise control that has the advantages of integral gain without the above-described disadvantages.
The present invention is directed to an improved cruise control that produces a desired throttle position (or more generally, a desired setting of the vehicle power plant) that is based in part on a selectively updated integral term. According to the invention the integral term is only updated when the magnitude of the speed error exceeds a predefined value, thereby eliminating changes in the integral term when the speed error is smaller than the predefined threshold. In other words, the integral term is dynamic and responsive to a current error condition when the speed error magnitude exceeds the threshold, and static when the speed error is within the threshold. In this way, the operational advantages of the integral term are retained while avoiding its disadvantages, and the transition between the static and dynamic states of the integral term are smooth and seamless.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a motor vehicle cruise control system, including a microprocessor-based control unit.
FIGS. 2-3 are flow diagrams representative of computer program instructions executed by the control unit of FIG. 1 in carrying out the control of this invention.
Referring to FIG. 1, the present invention is disclosed in the context of a cruise control system 10 in which an engine throttle 12 is coupled to an electric stepper motor 14 through a clutch assembly 16 for purposes of positioning the throttle 12 to achieve and maintain a desired vehicle speed. A microprocessor-based control unit 18 develops a desired motor position (M_POS_DES) based on various inputs as described below, and energizes the motor 14 via phase driver circuit 20 to bring the actual motor position (M_POS_ACT) into correspondence with M_POS_DES. The control unit 18 regulates the operation of clutch assembly 16 via the clutch control circuit 22. The system 10 also includes a number of driver-operated switches: ON/OFF switch 24, brake (BR) switch 26, Set/Coast (S/C) switch 28, and Resume/Accel (R/A) switch 30. The control unit 18 receives an input from each of the switches 24, 26, 28, 30 and additionally receives a vehicle speed input VS from the speed sensor 32.
Further detail regarding the above-described elements is set forth in the following U.S. Patents, each of which is assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference: Byram U.S. Pat. No. 4,643,038, issued on Feb. 17, 1987; Nehmer et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,684,866, issued Aug. 4, 1987; and Aikman U.S. Pat. No. 5,044,457, issued Sep. 3, 1991.
In general, the control unit 18 develops a desired motor position (MOT_POS_DES), and then determines suitable motor control signals for eliminating discrepancies between the actual and desired motor positions. The desired motor position is typically retrieved from a two-dimensional look-up table as a function of a proportional speed error term, which may be mathematically represented as (Gp * SPD_ERR), where Gp is a proportional gain term, and SPD_ERR is the vehicle speed error. The look-up table values are calibrated to achieve a desired vehicle response when the vehicle is being operated on a straight road with little or no grade. An integral term (INT) is added to the proportional speed error term for purposes of addressing the look-up table in order to achieve acceptable response when the road grade is non-zero or changing. That is, the table is addressed by a value which can be expressed as (Gp * SPD_ERR)+INT.
The integral term is ordinarily free to react to a current error condition when the magnitude of the speed error (i.e., |SPD_ERR|) is at least as great as a predefined integral threshold (THR_INT), but is maintained at its current value when |SPD_ERR| falls below the integral threshold. In other words, the integral term INT is dynamic when |SPD_ERR|≧THR_INT, and static when |SPD_ERR|<THR_INT. In terms of digital processing, the integral term INT is updated at a periodic rate when |SPD_ERR|≧THR_INT, but is not updated when |SPD_ERR|<THR_INT. In this way, the system 10 responds acceptably to road grade variations, while vehicle speed undulations at or near zero road grade are significantly reduced. There are no abrupt changes in the desired motor position as the speed error crosses the integral threshold, and any error introduced by the residual integral term INT when |SPD_ERR|<THR_INT is either insignificant or corrected by changes in the proportional term (Gp * SPD_ERR).
FIGS. 2 and 3 are flow diagrams representative of computer program instructions executed by the control unit 18 of FIG. 1 in carrying out the above-described control. FIG. 2 is a main or executive flow diagram, while FIG. 3 details a portion of the main flow diagram relating to determination of the desired motor position (MOT_POS_DES).
Referring to FIG. 2, the main flow diagram comprises a series of initialization instructions (block 40) executed at the initiation of cruise control operation, and a series of operating instructions (blocks 42-48) that are repeatedly executed during cruise control operation. The initialization block 40 initializes or resets various system flags and variables, such as the speed error SPD_ERR and integral term INT. The blocks 42-48 successively read the various inputs described above in reference to FIG. 1, determine the vehicle speed error SPD_ERR and the desired motor position MOT_POS_DES, and control motor 14 so as to bring its actual position (MOT_POS_ACT) in to correspondence with MOT_POS_DES. The speed error SPD_ERR is simply the difference between the measured vehicle speed VS and a vehicle speed selected by the driver through actuation of the switches 28 and/or 30. The determination of MOT_POS_DES is described below in reference to the flow diagram of FIG. 3, and a representative motor control corresponding to block 48 is described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 4,684,866 to Nehmer et al.
Referring to FIG. 3, it is seen in block 50 that the desired motor position MOT_POS_DES is determined by table look-up as a function of both SPD_ERR and INT. More specifically, the MOT_POS_DES is determined as a function of (Gp * SPD_ERR)+INT, where Gp is a proportional gain term. The integral term INT is initially zero, as mentioned above in respect to the initialization block 40. If the magnitude, or absolute value, of the speed error (|SPD_ERR|) is less than the integral threshold THR_INT, as determined at block 52, the remainder of the routine is skipped, and the integral term INT is not updated. Similarly, the integral term INT is not updated if the desired motor position is zero, as determined at block 54. However, if |SPD_ERR|≧THR_INT, and MOT_POS_DES is non-zero, the blocks 56-64 are executed to update the integral term INT.
In the illustrated embodiment, the integral term INT is updated based on an error between the actual acceleration of the vehicle ACCEL_ACT and the desired acceleration of the vehicle ACCEL_DES. The term ACCEL_ACT may be determined based on the detected change in vehicle speed VS over a given time interval, while the term ACCEL_DES may be determined either mathematically or by table look-up based on the speed error SPD_ERR. Thus, block 56 determines ACCEL_DES and ACCEL_ACT, and block 58 computes the integral change term INT_CHG according to the difference (ACCEL_DES_ACCEL_ACT). Block 60 limits INT_CHG based on predefined positive and negative maximum values, block 62 updates the integral term INT as the sum (INT+INT_CHG), and block 64 limits the updated integral term INT based on predefined positive and negative maximum values, completing the routine. It will be recognized that various other methods of computing the integral change term INT_CHG will be known to those skilled in art; by way of example, and without limitation, INT_CHG may be simply computed according to the product (Gi * SPD_ERR), where Gi is an integral gain term.
In summary, the present invention provides an improved cruise control that retains the advantages of an integral term but avoids its disadvantages, while providing a seamless transition between the static and dynamic states of the integral term. While the present invention has been described in reference to the illustrated embodiment, it will be understood that various modifications in addition to those mentioned above will occur to those skilled in the art. For example, the invention may be carried out with discrete or analog circuitry, or in connection with a cruise control system utilizing a pneumatic or other type of throttle actuator, or in connection with an electric vehicle (in which case, MOT_POS_DES could be characterized as a desired motor torque), and so on. Accordingly, it will be understood that systems and controls incorporating such modifications and variations may fall within the scope of this invention, which is defined by the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 23, 1985
|Feb 17, 1987
|General Motors Corporation
|Electric motor servo for cruise control
|Apr 16, 1986
|Aug 4, 1987
|General Motors Corporation
|Adaptive controller for a motor vehicle engine throttle operator
|Dec 15, 1989
|Sep 3, 1991
|Aikman Steven W
|Motor vehicle cruise control system having mode dependent gain
|Jun 27, 1994
|May 30, 1995
|Ford Motor Company
|Vehicle speed control system with quadratic feedback control
|Feb 16, 1994
|Feb 27, 1996
|Lucas Industries Public Limited Company
|Method of and apparatus for cruise control
|Jun 30, 1995
|Jul 8, 1997
|Saturn Corporation
|Integrated engine control
|Sep 11, 1996
|Sep 28, 1999
|Nippondenso Co., Ltd.
|Vehicle cruise control system and method having improved target speed resolution feature
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Oct 4, 2002
|Jan 24, 2006
|Daimlerchrysler Ag
|Predictive speed control for a motor vehicle
|Sep 13, 2004
|Jun 19, 2007
|General Motors Corporation
|Method for improving fuel economy and performance when deactivating cylinders with vehicle cruise control
|Aug 30, 2006
|Mar 25, 2008
|Freightliner Llc
|Predictive auxiliary load management (PALM) control apparatus and method
|May 15, 2007
|Sep 16, 2008
|Daimler Trucks North America Llc
|Predictive auxiliary load management (PALM) control apparatus and method
|Apr 5, 2010
|Dec 4, 2012
|Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation
|Wind power system for energy production
|Aug 22, 2008
|Apr 15, 2014
|Daimler Trucks North America Llc
|Vehicle disturbance estimator and method
|Oct 3, 2011
|Jul 21, 2015
|Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Speed limiter
|Aug 27, 2015
|Oct 25, 2016
|Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc.
|Variable speed compressor control with lost rotor mitigation
|Oct 4, 2002
|Apr 8, 2004
|Konstantin Neiss
|Predictive speed control for a motor vehicle
|Sep 13, 2004
|Mar 16, 2006
|Rayl Allen B
|Method for improving fuel economy and performance when deactivating cylinders with vehicle cruise control
|Aug 30, 2006
|Nov 15, 2007
|Freightliner Llc
|Predictive auxiliary load management (palm) control apparatus and method
|May 15, 2007
|Nov 29, 2007
|Freightliner Llc
|Predictive auxiliary load management (PALM) control apparatus and method
|Aug 22, 2008
|Feb 25, 2010
|Daimler Trucks North America Llc
|Vehicle disturbance estimator and method
|Apr 5, 2010
|Jul 29, 2010
|Fabio Paolo Bertolotti
|Wind power system for energy production
|Oct 26, 2007
|Oct 14, 2010
|Anders Eriksson
|Method for a more efficient use of a combustion engine in a vehicle
|Aug 5, 2009
|Dec 30, 2010
|Ronald David Faggetter
|Land vehicle cruise control
|Oct 3, 2011
|Apr 4, 2013
|Fuji Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Speed limiter
|Aug 27, 2015
|Mar 3, 2016
|Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc.
|Variable Speed Compressor Control with Lost Rotor Mitigation
|May 13, 2004
|Dec 8, 2005
|Adam Opel Ag
|Load control procedure for motor vehicle involves determining target acceleration and traction resistance based on different sets of operating parameters
|U.S. Classification
|701/93, 701/70, 180/170, 701/110
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 4, 2000
Owner name: DELPHI TECHNOLOGIES, INC., MICHIGAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CRAWFORD, DANIEL ALEXANDER;EHLE, DAVID LYNN;CARSEY, JOYCE DALE;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:010758/0779;SIGNING DATES FROM 20000310 TO 20000327
|Mar 9, 2005
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 22, 2005
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Oct 18, 2005
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20050821


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UC Hastings welcomes applications from students attending other ABA/AALS accredited law schools. Each year between 20 and 25 transfer students enroll in our second-year class, and they are quickly integrated into the fabric of the law school community. Transfer students can pursue any of our concentrations, write on a journal, and take advantage of the myriad opportunities for professional growth in the Bay Area legal community. Please feel free to direct questions about the transfer application process to Bryan Zerbe, Director of Admissions, at email@example.com or (415) 581-8882.
Submit the following via the LSAC Credential Assembly Service
Law School Transcripts: For the purposes of transfer application evaluation, UC Hastings will accept unofficial law school transcripts. Unofficial transcripts should be emailed directly to email@example.com. Please state in your email message that you are applying for transfer admission. UC Hastings may make offers of admission to some transfer applicants based on first semester grades only. These offers will be conditional upon consistent academic performance in the second semester, submission of an official transcript showing all 1L courses and grades, and submission of a letter of good standing from your current law school. These conditions will need to be satisfied to register for classes as a 2L at UC Hastings.


text:
On Saturday at 6:30 PM (ET), the #14 Kentucky Wildcats (20-6, 10-3 SEC) head down to College Station to take on the Texas A&M Aggies (19-7, 8-5 SEC) as part of ESPN's College GameDay. A&M has struggled lately, but they were ranked as high as #5 about a month ago. The Vegas gambling folks opened the line up by having the Aggies win by 1 point.
Check back on this site 5-10 minutes after the game ends to watch a replay of the game.
TV Network: ESPN
Channel on DirecTV: 206
Channel on Dish Network: 140
Channel on Cable: Varies with provider and location–look it up with TitanTV.
We plan on having several different streaming options available on our live streaming page. You can also watch a live stream of the game over at Watch ESPN / ESPN3 if you are a cable subscriber with access to WatchESPN.
You can also listen to the game online straight from UK Athletic's All Access website without any restrictions. Using this link, you can also listen to the pre-game (1 1/2 hours before tip) and post game shows, which are always entertaining. If you have issues with this link, try out the iHeart WLAP 630 station, which also airs the KSR pre-game show that starts 2 1/2 hours before tip).
Want to get some play-by-play and interact with fans in real time while the game is on? Then head over to Kentucky Sports Radio about 10 minutes before game time to participate in their live blog.
Our favorite place to discuss all things UK football with fellow CATS fans is over at CatsIllustrated. There are a lot of people over there with a ton of UK football knowledge, so it's definitely worth checking out.


text:
Newly Diagnosed
I have been reading posts on this board ever since I was diagnosed and finally decided to post myself, as you are all so supportive of one another.
I have been married for 2 years and my husband and I just recently started trying to conceive. I got off of birth control about a year ago to give my cycle time to regulate. I quickly noticed that I was having very irregular cycles and also starting to skip cycles. After waiting it out for several months, my doctor finally did an ultrasound and told me I probably have PCOS. I was immediately terrified and heartbroken, worrying we would not be able to get pregnant. My doctor told me she had many PCOS Moms running around and it would just take a little longer.
I have been on Metformin 500mg for 1 month. I thought as soon as I started I would have a period, but I haven't. I want to ask my doctor if I can go ahead and start on Clomid. I'm so afraid, I've heard these horror stories about miscarriages, ovarian drilling, IVF... I just never thought I would have a problem getting pregnant. No one in my family has had problems, my cousin is pregnant with her 7th for goodness sakes! Every one of my friends is getting pregnant with their 2nd or 3rd by now. I feel like something is wrong with me, like I've caused this.
My main question is how long does metformin take to work? I'm only taking 500mg, do I need a higher dose. I am afraid my doctor will want me to try lower doses and take my time, but I want to have a baby before I'm 30 and I just turned 28.
Thanks for any responses.
Re: Newly Diagnosed
It sounds like you and I are in the same boat, you have just been on the meds about 2-3 weeks longer than me. I too am on 500 mg of Metformin per day, my doctor told me it can take 6-8 weeks for the meds to really work. So don't fret just yet.
I am 28 as well, and have been TTC for 6 months. My cycles were not crazy long, but I noticed that they were getting longer each month- last month 39 days and seems this one will be a little longer.
We will get through this together, if that's ok with you?
Re: Newly Diagnosed
Hi Lindsay!! My name's Aubrey and DH is Jason. I was diagnosed at the beginning of the year, after 6 months of trying on our own. Well, after being diagnosed my OB reassured me that it is completely possible to become pregnant and we shouldn't worry. She told me to just lose weight and things would work out. Well, you may know, but having PCOS, it is NOT very easy to lose weight. So we went on trying for a few more months. Finally I seen another OB and was prescribed Metformin. I was on the Met for about 8 days and AF showed. I continued the Met for about 2 months when finally I decided enough was enough! The side effects were terrible for me. Although it did regulate my cycles for those 2 months, and the one following, I just couldn't stick it out. Well just recently I started temping, my cycle was pretty long, and for some reason my DH insisted I give the Met another try. So a few days after O I decided to start taking it and have been ever since. (only about 3 weeks, but I've been doing really well with no symptoms) WELLLLLL just recently I found we are expecting!!! It DID take us about 15 months of trying, but it happened. My biggest piece of advice is don't get discouraged. Many women with PCOS DO become pregnant, sometimes it just takes a while. I know there are "skinny" cycsters, but if you are over weight at all I would start there. Try losing, eating lower carbs really helps. Keep up on the Met for a while and if it doesn't work then yea, no doubt, ask if you should increase you dosage. Another thing you could try, before jumping right to Clomid would be Soy Isoflavones . It is a more natural route and is supposed to act as Clomid. I took it for 3 months, The first 2 were really short cycles (28 days I believe) the 3rd was this last one, the one I became pregnant on. I don't know if it was the Soy that got me where I am, or just the proper timing, but I would give it a try :) WOW I'm sort of rambling on here so I guess I will cut it for now. If you have any other questions everyone here is great and I'm sure one of us can help :) Hang in there! Can't wait to get to know you better!!!
Re: Newly Diagnosed
Brandy, it's great to have someone to talk to who is on a similar schedule as me! We can definitely get through this! Having someone to talk to is such a huge relief. My friends and family listen, but they can't possibly understand what it's like.
Thanks Aubrey! I know I need to lose weight, but it has been pretty much impossible. But I'll just keep trying harder! I read about soy somewhere else, I'll definitely look into that more.
Also, my doctor said it's likely that my PCOS could all but disappear after giving birth, anyone heard this?
Re: Newly Diagnosed
Hey there! Welcome!
You said you heard horror stories about ovarian drilling??? I'm an ovarian drilling success story.. My baby girl is 6 weeks old! I had fertility treatments and iui's and injections for months before I had surgery! I got pg after 2 months post op after trying for 2 years! I strongly believe in ovarian drilling and am a huge advocate for it! Another girl from this board had it too and get Baby is 3 weeks old! I'd undergo surgery again in the future if I'd need to because it really works!!!!
Re: Newly Diagnosed
I'm not on metformin, so I can't say anything about that.
However, on the weight loss - by the fact that you say you're overweight, you could be insulin resistant (Have you been tested for this?? They normally do it with a 2 hour glucose test).
There are a couple diets out there that work very well with cysters. One is the IR diet .. I've heard nothing but good things about this diet. The other is the GI Diet. There's tons of information about both online (yay google!).
I started following the GI Diet a LOT closer in October, and since then I've lost 4 holes in my belt and gone down a size (I don't weigh.. I refuse to.. LOL).
ANd it's not really about low carbs, but more about high fibre, low sugars, and COMPLEX carbs (simple carbs are metabolized into sugar faster which causes sugar spikes..and people that are insulin resistant don't process these the same way). I love my carbs, but now I can eat carbs AND still lose weight :D
*gets off the diets are awesome box*... sorry, just really thrilled that I was able to fit into some pants this week that I never thought I'd be able to dig out again!
Re: Newly Diagnosed
Nice to meet you and really look forward to getting to know you better!
All these ladies have given great advice and I honestly don't have anything new to add, but I just wanted to jump in and say :hiya:
I have been on Met for probably at least 2 years (most recently), I take 1500 mg/day. I have taken Femara, Clomid, and injectable meds. We also did an IUI in November which was unsuccessful, but we are going to most likely go down that road again probably January/February...
Glad to have you here with us!!
Re: Newly Diagnosed
Most women w/ PCOS are insulin resistant to some degree. I would try a lower carb diet, phasing out any refined sugars you eat. (Soda, candy, white bread.) There are diets out there specifically for ladies w/ PCOS that work fantastically w/ met to help you lose weight.
I was diagnosed w/ PCOS in November, and also found out my insurance doesn't cover fertility treatments. So DH and I are doing this all naturally w/ herbs and supplements. I just got my first definite ovulation after over a year of not ovulating at all! I wish you lots of luck and baby dust, and know that we're all here if you need support or advice. :)
Re: Newly Diagnosed
Thanks so much catie! And congratulations on the ovulation! As of last night I have phased out carbs!
Re: Newly Diagnosed
I can't really answer your questions except to say that it usually takes 3 consecutive regular cycles to get eggs in line to ovulate that aren't damaged from the pcos. Before those 3 months I have had a lot of chemicals, and other women have early miscarriages. So I would definitely talk to your doctor about upping the Metformin (When I took it I took 1500mg!) and then be patient. You can still TTC, but expect at least 3 regular cycles first. That is the best way to go about it imo. Good luck! feel free to contact me with any questions as I have been successful twice now with getting pregnant with PCOS. It most definitely can be done, but it does require some diligence. You just have to try a little harder and wait a little longer sometimes then non-pcos women :)
And cutting out carbs and sugar will also help tremendously, especially with Metformin side effects which many women experience on the higher dosage.
Also, I used acupuncture this time to great success. Always an option, but I would get healthier first (the diet, add in as much cardio as you can every day, and then the Metformin).
Re: Newly Diagnosed
I'm a Metformin success story - after starting 2000 mg of Met, I started having regular cycles (I think it took a couple of weeks for that first AF to show), and I got pregnant four months after starting the Met. That pregnancy ended in an early miscarriage, but I stayed on the Met and got pregnant again two months after my cycle returned. My baby girl is seven weeks old today, and I stayed on the Met my entire pregnancy, which I credit with preventing gestational diabetes and from me gaining too much weight (I only gained about 12 lbs, 6.4 of which was Eryn!). Try to give the Met a little more time to work (especially before moving on to Clomid or Femara), and consider talking to your doc about upping your dosage if you can stomach it (teehee). I'm one of the lucky ones who doesn't experience the side effects of Met, but they can be pretty bad, so upping your dosage would probably up the ickyness factor.
Good luck, and don't lose heart! We didn't even start trying until I was 32 - you've still got plenty of time! You're just a spring chicken! :D
Re: Newly Diagnosed
Hearing your success stories gives me hope! I haven't really had any bad side effects to the Met and since I haven't had a cycle I feel like the dosage needs to be upped from the 500.
Re: Newly Diagnosed
I think you really might want to be upped from 500. I've been on 1500 pretty much always. It's never helped my periods however it HAS helped me lose weight which has brought on regular cycles. I've been on and off metformin my entire TTC time of 2 years. If you just can NOT handle the side effects ask about the Extended Release. I switched to that this go around and I love it.
Re: Newly Diagnosed
Lindsay, I finally O'd this month a couple of days ago...how is your cycle coming along? Has AF shown up yet? This cycle is looking like it will be 48 day cycle for me (15 day LP). KUP with your progress!
Re: Newly Diagnosed
Still haven't O'd and no AF yet. I made an appointment with my Dr to see if we need to up the Met yet. Congrats on your O'd!
Re: Newly Diagnosed
Maybe your body will be scared into submission now that you made that dr's appt?
Re: Newly Diagnosed
HAHA, let's hope so! I'm going to take a round of provera in the mean time
Re: Newly Diagnosed
Hey Lindsay any updates? Have you seen/talked to your doctor again yet? KUP
AF showed a couple of days ago and I am on to cycle #7, which is also my first full cycle on Met- since I started taking it mid cycle last month. I am hoping that taking it for 20 days before this cycle even started may give me an edge this month.
Re: Newly Diagnosed
Doctor appt is Feb1... I started provera this morning. Have been on Met since Nov 28 and no AF or OV... I'll report back when I talk to the doctor... she's thinking she'll either up met or start clomid, or both
I went to the doctor Wednesday and got a little bit of good news... after looking at my LH and FSH levels, she not 100% convinced I have PCOS.... my ratios are almost 1:1. Not sure that actually changes anything because she went ahead and upped the Metformin to 1000 mg / day, and I'm going to start clomid next cycle. Going to also keep using Provera to trigger AF if needed. She said that since we've only been TTC since October, I shouldn't be too concerned. But I am a type A personality and I have a strict life plan, haha. So we'll try clomid for 2 cycles and if that doesn't work she'll send me to a fertility specialist since I'm wanting to get pregnant now!
How is everyone else doing?
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