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Merck Animal Health is known as MSD Animal Health outside the United States and Canada. This link will take you to a website intended for those living in that country.
Our customers have always known that they can depend on Merck Animal Health for more than just medicines. They count on Merck Animal Health for information, technologies and veterinary services that truly advance animal healthcare. It is our heritage and our mission.
Our broad portfolio of vaccines and pharmaceutical medicines help maintain and improve animal health. We offer innovative programs and technical services to help protect the health of animals and support safe and affordable food supplies.
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This product is not available online. We will gladly help you in one of our stores.
The Saucony Women's Kinvara 6 comes in sporting a new open and breathable mesh. Combine this with a pro-lock lacing system and you'll feel the wind in your toes while enjoying a secure midfoot fit. Adjustments in the flexfilm upper deliver an even more dialled- in fit while maintaining the same weight as its predecessor.
- Pro-lock lacing system
- Powergrid heel unit
- Flex-film no-sew overlays enhance fit
- Internal bootie provides sock-like feel
- high abrasion eva+ midsole
- Rundry lining wicks moisture
- Ibr+ pod added to midfoot smoother transition
- Offset: 4mm
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- Lightweight
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Saucony exist for runners. Runners are what focus and fuels Saucony as they strive to create the best running shoes and apparel. Runners bring them new ideas, forces them to better themselves through design and engineering. Every new design and alteration is made to make runners lives just a little bit better.

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Tuesday, 27 March 2012
Looking for my fave Knife..
All this time I am still looking and digging every boxes for my utility knife and I'm so getting annoyed by it. It's a must have in my kitchen - can't live without it. I pretty dug in all the boxes and I really don't want to buy anymore. I don't think I can find something like it. Its the sharpest knife in the world and I have used it for many years already. Once I settled for a stuff it is very hard to replace it. Oh well, I'll keep my fingers cross for the remaining boxes unpacked. Technorati Profile
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Behringer Eurolive VP1800S Professional 1600W 18'' PA Subwoofer
Behringer Eurolive VP1800S Professional 1600W 18'' PA SubwooferDetails
Product Ref: 27556View Full Description
Full DescriptionView Full Description
Power Handling Capacity
The VP1800S is a passive subwoofer that is engineered to handle the demands of professional gigs, from small clubs to large stages. With its 1,600-Watts power handling capability, the VP1800S cranks out massive amounts of aggressive bottom-end, making it the ideal way to add tremendous punch to your current sound system.
Massive Bass
In order to produce tight, deep bass, a subwoofer has to move lots of air. EUROLIVE loudspeakers accomplish this by using powerful, long-excursion LF (Low Frequency) drivers that are handmade in our own factory. While some companies are content to use 'off-the-shelf' drivers, Behringer custom-design each LF driver to perfectly match its enclosure and application. The VP1800S features a powerful 18'' long-excursion LF driver in a tuned enclosure, providing rich, tight bass all the way down to 35Hz.
Technical Details
The Behringer VP1800S passive subwoofer is capable of extremely high sound pressure levels (100 dB half space 1 W @ 1 m) and provides a 35 to 200 Hz frequency range. A standard 35-mm (1.375'') pole socket is provided for pole-mounting loudspeakers atop the VP1800S. The internal Low-pass filter (LPF) is fixed at 150 Hz. The VP1800S is complete with professional-style twist-lock connectors.
- Professional 1600-watt 18'' subwoofer for PA applications (400 watts continuous / 1600 watts peak)
- Exceptional sound quality, wide frequency bandwidth and dynamic range
- Precise reproduction of ultra-low frequencies with a clear, powerful punch
- Ergonomically shaped handles for easy transport
- Pole socket for speaker mounting pole
- Rugged steel grille for optimal speaker protection
- 2 professional speaker connectors
- Peak Power: 1600W
- Type: Subwoofer
- Frequency Response: 35Hz - 250Hz
- Impedance: 8Ω
- Sound Pressure Level: 100 dB
- Crossover Frequency: LP 150Hz
- Rigging Fittings: Ergonomically Shaped Handle; 35 mm Pole Socket
- Low-Frequency Driver: 18'' / 460 mm
- Weight: 41.4 kg
- Dimensions
- Height: 650 mm
- Width: 530 mm
- Depth: 615 mm
The product price includes 4 years' warranty and 60 day money back guarantee.
However, the Gear4music extended warranty scheme provides an enhanced service, and is designed to offer a higher level of protection than many 'free' warranties offered by some retailers and manufacturers.
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Please note that this extended warranty is currently only available on products sold within the EU or EEA, and is subject to the terms and conditions as detailed on the extended warranty certificate provided.
For customers in outlying areas of the country, the price of the Extended Warranty may be marginally higher, due to the potential for higher collection and redelivery transport costs.
This enhanced warranty is in addition to the standard Gear4music and manufacturer warranty policies, and the Gear4music terms and conditions of trade. No statement or condition of sale contained within these terms affects or restricts your statutory rights as defined under the Consumer Contracts Regulation 2014.
Once the product is delivered, you have 60 days to decide that you definitely want to keep it. If you decide it is not suitable for any reason, you can return it back to us for replacement or full refund, including standard delivery charges.
All Products are new unless stated, and include a minimum of 2 years warranty.
Some items are only eligible for money back guarantee if they are returned to us unused and sealed in the original packaging, and in the case of software, unregistered. These items include:
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Now that's summer is here I should have time enough to work on two stories, so here it is. The beginning of the new one. The one where I must confess that I'm way too fond of Nicholas Sparks, lol. :P Don't, however, be fooled into thinking this is only straightforward. This is a Buffy fanfic after all. ;) So anyway...well, if you like this beginning and are interested at all, please let me know what you think. Can't wait to hear from ya'll! Thanks so much. :)
What Matters
Chpt 1
January 2000
Buffy Summers really didn't want to go be going where she was going, but she had to get there first to unlock the door for her friends. She was the one with the key, and it was her responsibility to make sure no one was left standing out in the January chill for too long. It would be another long, painful afternoon of sorting and packing and not knowing whether they should talk to each other or stay quiet or if there was something in particular they should be doing, or saying...
Today was her birthday. She was turning nineteen, and she wasn't happy at all. The fact that she officially had a boyfriend now didn't seem to help much. She had to wonder in the fact that Riley still seemed to want to be around her at all. Her life had sometimes seemed like nothing but a black hole of despair since even before he met her. Like the rest of her friends she had tried to go on, live life, be the Buffy she'd always been...but it was hard. Eventually he'd seen through it, and he still cared. He was still there for her.
He wasn't here right now. He had papers to grade that he hadn't finished yesterday, and it was early anyway. But that was all right. She would be fine. She had to be fine, because there really wasn't much choice. She couldn't change anything.
She made it to the apartment and got the key in the lock, but something didn't feel right. Buffy paused, listening, and heard something in the shrubs near the door. She backed away from the it, ready for a fight if she needed to be.
"Get out of there now. I know you're here." Whoever or whatever it was, anyway. There was a bit more rustling. "Now!"
And a sheepish-looking Ethan Rayne stepped out and raised his eyebrow at her. "Well. Slayer. Fancy meeting you here."
She was not in the mood for this. Buffy glared vehemently at him. "What the hell are you doing here, Ethan?"
"Oh, you know me—just doing a bit of snooping around."
"I do know you, and knowing you you're only doing the snooping to lead up to some sort of cracked scheme. I suggest you forget whatever you had planned and get out of my town right now. I will not ask again."
"And what are you going to do?" he retorted. "I'm human; you can't kill me."
She snorted. "No, but my current boyfriend is military. I could always have you arrested." Ethan didn't seem to have a response to that. "Get out of here."
"Well seeing as the element of surprise is ruined..." He glanced back in the direction of one of the apartment's windows. "I must say though, I would love to know the reason for the ridiculous amount of boxes. Is good old Ripper finally leaving the Hellmouth?"
Buffy's jaw clenched, and her answer came out quieter than she'd wanted it to—in front of Ethan, anyway. "He's not going anywhere. He's already gone."
May 1999 (Eight Months Earlier)
It was strange, walking past the burnt-out shell of Sunnydale High School when it had stood proudly only a week and a half ago. Buffy wished she could avoid it, but patrol took her anywhere there might be vampires to slay, and the site of the hellmouth was a mandatory area to check. She made a quick sweep and headed back through downtown Sunnydale to get a refreshing taste of civilization before hitting the cemeteries on the other side of town.
She passed the magic shop, and the hardware store, and the Expresso Pump...and all seemed normal. Calm. The night was young enough that the coffee shop was full, but not overflowing, and nothing much looked to be happening. She saw nothing suspicious that might suggest a vampire, and nothing out of the ordinary.
Except for Giles sitting at one of the open-air tables.
Buffy stopped in the street and blinked, not certain if she was seeing correctly. No, it was Giles, and all casual in one of those sweaters she wasn't quite used to no less. He was doing a lot of staring into space, too. He didn't even have a book, which was almost more unusual for him than where he was. Under normal circumstances he would have relaxed at home or in the library, she supposed, but now the library was gone...
She strolled over to the coffee shop and took the one step up into its domain before crossing to Giles's table. "You know, I always thought patrol was fun. You run into the most interesting people."
Giles started and looked up quickly, and winced, and he would have spilled whatever he was drinking if the cup hadn't had a lid on it. "Buffy! Honestly, must you do that?"
"What, scare the crap out of you?" His mild glare was her answer. She shrugged and dropped into the chair opposite him. "Sorry; it's my job. Besides, shouldn't you be all attuned to your surroundings or whatever? You're the one who's supposed to be training me, remember?"
He frowned a little and stared down at his cup. "Or I was until January, anyhow."
"Come on, Giles. The Council's crap means nothing to me. You know you'll always be my Watcher."
He smiled a bit before taking a sip of his coffee or tea or whatever he had. "Is uhm, there a particular reason you're here?"
"I was in the neighborhood. I'm halfway done with patrol; I was passing through. Now it's my turn to ask what you're doing here."
"I do have free time, Buffy, and what I do with it is my own business." He frowned again. "Though it seems I have much more free time now."
Buffy grimaced. "Yeah. Wow, you don't have a job at all anymore, do you? Officially."
"Thank you for the reminder," he answered tiredly.
"Sorry, I just...I mean, are you gonna be okay?"
"I believe I have sufficient funds to be all right for long enough. You needn't worry."
"Okay...good. 'Cause I care, you know."
She had plenty enough time to worry about everyone else now, anyway. Angel was gone. Off to wherever he thought was far enough away. Now she didn't have their future to imagine, and she didn't really want to think much about him at all. It hurt too much. So she directed her attentions anywhere else to keep herself sane. That was what the last week or so had felt like, anyway.
Watcher and Slayer sat in comfortable silence for a minute or two, and Buffy studied him. There was the being here by himself, and the staring off at nothing he'd been doing until she came over here...and it wasn't that he never just sat and thought, because he did that often enough, but something seemed off tonight. She couldn't put a finger on why, but she wasn't sure he was okay.
"So you wanna keep me company for the rest of patrol tonight?" She decided she couldn't just leave him here.
Giles's eyebrows went up, and his cup paused halfway to his mouth. "Hmm?"
"I said, do you want to come with?"
"Oh. Well..."
He was a little surprised, and she supposed he had a right to be. He'd been out on patrol with her often enough before, but always at his discretion and because it had something or other to do with training or one looming danger or the next. She'd never simply asked him to come.
Well, she'd been alone all week. She was tired of being alone. Angel was gone and Cordelia had already run off to L.A. to seek fame and fortune, Xander was getting ready to head off on his road trip, and since graduation day Willow and Oz had been spending much more time with each other than with anyone else. Though she supposed she understood that.
Buffy waited patiently for an answer, and finally Giles shrugged and stood. "I don't suppose I have much better to do at the moment."
"Great," she smiled, standing with him and following him from the Expresso Pump. "Hey, is your car here?"
"It is. Though I don't suppose your asking me to accompany you has anything at all to do with procuring a faster way of getting around for the night."
"Of course not," she responded in mock horror. "Giles, how could you ever think that of me?" He laughed, and Buffy realized it had been a while she'd seen him do it. Getting fired from the Watchers' Council hadn't been sitting very well with him, and the presence of Wesley Wyndam-Pryce until recently hadn't helped either. Maybe whatever was going on with him now was just residual from all of that, or maybe there was something else on his mind, but with any luck there would be some action before patrol was over and it would do him some good.
They made it to the nearest cemetery and Buffy climbed out first. "All I've got is an extra stake, if you want that..."
Giles pulled something from the back seat before he got out of the car. "No, thank you. That's quite all right." He stood up with a crossbow, and she stared at him.
"You keep a crossbow in the back seat?"
"It's better to be prepared."
She had to remember this was Giles. "Uh huh." She started off without another word, and Giles wasn't far behind. They spent the next hour or so mostly in amiable silence, tracking from cemetery to cemetery, and Buffy didn't dust a single vampire the entire time. The one that showed up was skewered by a bolt from Giles's crossbow before she could get close enough. Part of her was a little annoyed that her fun had been spoiled, but the fact that he'd gotten one seemed to cheer Giles up some, so she couldn't hold a grudge.
"Nice shot."
"Thank you," he smiled triumphantly.
They had two cemeteries to go, two small ones just across the street from each other on the edge of town, and it didn't look like they were really going to find anything here, either.
Buffy sighed. "You know, I would have thought that all the vampires working with the Mayor would be, like, out for our heads by now, since we offed him, but it looks like they all just skipped town instead."
"Not all of them."
She spun at the voice, and saw the vampire stepping from the bushed behind her Watcher. "Giles, down!" He ducked out of the way and she launched herself through the space he'd been in just a moment ago. She almost got the stake in clean, but the vamp moved just soon enough to start a fight rather than be dusted already.
Then there were two more them. Crap...
She heard Giles's crossbow go off, and she heard a vamp dusting. She wondered why he was shooting from the ground, but she didn't have time to glance at him long enough to figure it out. She assumed the ducking had gotten him off balance and he just wasn't up yet. She was locked in a grappling session with the first one and only saw Giles from the corner of her eye. It only took a minute more to stake the vampire she was dealing with, but by the time she twisted to look him things really weren't going so well.
It looked like he'd only just now made it back to his feet, but now the third vampire had him back against a small mausoleum with no room to shoot. She lurched forward toward them, fully intending to stake the vamp through the back and dust him where he stood before he could lay a hand on her Watcher, but rough hands grabbed her arms from behind and she realized there were more than three adversaries.
She hadn't been sure if these vampires had been allied with Trick and the Mayor, but she was sure when the one that had Giles between a rock and a hard place decked him instead of going for the kill. They didn't just want them dead; they wanted to play.
But the hands that had grabbed her flung her around at the same time, and a second later she couldn't see him anymore. She heard him shout—god, more than once—but she had two more vampires to worry about. It took a moment or two to turn them both to dust and then she spun back to the mausoleum and the vampire that was displaying extremely dishonorable battle tactics in kicking her Watcher while he was down.
Not that she would have expected anything honorable from a vampire that wasn't Angel.
No! Vampire. Dust the vampire. In a second it was done, and she dropped to her knees at her Watcher's side. He was curled on his side, arms wrapped around his midsection, and...and god, was he having trouble breathing?
"Giles! Giles?" She clamped a hand on his shoulder. "Giles, can you hear me?" He looked at her blearily and she swallowed. "Hey, can you breathe? How bad is it?" He didn't seem able to answer. He was too busy catching his breath—and for some reason that seemed to be hurting him. "Giles!" Finally he calmed down and seemed able to breathe all right, but he still didn't look all right at all. His face was set in a permanent grimace.
"I'm—fine..." he managed after a moment.
Buffy scowled worriedly. "No you're not. God, Giles, what the hell? He hit you once and you went down like a ton of bricks and stayed down. If you weren't feeling so great today or whatever you should have just said something."
"I'll be fine," he reiterated, pushing up on an elbow. The other arm stayed around his stomach, and she didn't doubt there would be some pretty good bruises there in the morning.
She let out a breath. "Are you sure?"
"Yes," he said shortly. He sat up slowly, leaning against the mausoleum wall behind him and still wincing the whole way. It looked like maybe he was trying not to, but he obviously wasn't having much luck.
Buffy looked at him for a moment, and she knew patrol was over. "Well, we were pretty much done anyway," she said aloud. "Come on, let's get you home." He didn't argue that point, which was very anti-Giles. It didn't help the trying-not-to-be-too-worried.
She tried to help him up, and she tried to do it slowly and carefully, but they only got halfway up before Giles barked out a shout of pain and she had no choice but to lower him back to the ground. He eyes clenched shut and he moaned quietly, and she stared at him wide-eyed.
"Giles, come on, I know I'm not the poster child for the normal human being, but I know that is not normal oh-I'll-be-sore-for-a-week-or-two kind of hurt. What's wrong? Do you think maybe he cracked a rib or something?"
"No...or, perhaps," he added quickly.
But she'd known him long enough to know when he was lying. "You don't think so. Why don't you think so? What's wrong then?"
"Yeah. A vampire just kicked the crap out of you and nothing's wrong. Maybe we should just take you to the hospital, just in case."
"No," Giles said immediately. "I do not need a hospital. I'm bloody tired of hospitals..." He started to use the mausoleum wall to pull himself up, and when Buffy tried to help he wouldn't let her.
"Since when have you been in one often enough to care one way or the other?"
He didn't answer that. He was on his feet now but he didn't look very steady, and he still had that arm around his middle. Before she could stop him he took a few steps, but that was as far as he made it before he doubled over and caught himself on a headstone.
She hurried to his side again. "Whoa! Take it easy. Nevermind. Look, I just really think—"
"I'll be fine, Buffy. I promise you that I will go home, and I will rest, and I will be fine."
"But something's wrong with you! What if it's something serious? I-I mean what if that vampire really did break something or rupture something or whatever? That could be very, very bad, and I'd rather you not die or anything." Giles made an odd choking sound and looked away, and she stared at him strangely. "What?" He didn't answer her now, either. "Giles, what?"
"Must we do this now?" He sounded disturbingly shaky...pleading. It wasn't like Giles at all, and it scared her. She wanted to know what was going on, and she wanted to know now.
Buffy swallowed hard when he finally looked at her again, and the same plea that had been in his voice was on his face. Leave it alone. Please drop it. Just drop it...
She hated that she had to ignore it. "Yeah," she said quietly. "I'm sorry...but I think we have to."
She needed to hear that her overactive imagination was only that. She needed to hear that yeah, it was just a cracked rib or something and he was just being too British to admit it, or that sure, maybe he had a stomach ulcer or something from all the stress over the Mayor's ascension and so he was more affected by all the kicking than he would have been otherwise, but hey, was gonna be fine...
She needed to hear it before her imagination kept taking her places she didn't want to go. For example, maybe that vampire had been wearing steel-toed boots or something and everything in there was seriously squished and they only had moments before he started coughing up blood and collapsed—for good. That was one ridiculous thought she was having to shove away.
Being the Slayer had it's downsides. Knowing how fragile human life could be was one of them.
Giles wouldn't look at her, and he was quiet for a long time before he said anything else. "Then...we'll go back to my apartment, and call the others."
"The others? Why?"
He glanced at her now, and the pained look on his face made her freeze, and her breath caught in her throat, and she didn't know why. What...?
"Because I would rather not do this more than once," he answered quietly. He tried to head back for the car, but had hardly moved past the stone before he stopped, reached back and grabbed it again.
He grimaced yet again. "Perhaps I could...use some help..." he admitted.
Buffy nodded slowly. "Yeah...sure..." She took his arm, carefully pulled it over her shoulders, and took her Watcher home.


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To determine whether there is differential response to placebo or citalopram among older patients with and without deficient response inhibition.
8-week, double-blind, placebo controlled trial.
Outpatient psychiatry.
Unipolar depressed patients aged 75 years and older.
citalopram (20–40 mg/d) or placebo pill.
Baseline Stroop Color Word Test and weekly 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression assessments.
Citalopram treated patients with deficient response inhibition did significantly worse than placebo treated patients with deficient response inhibition. Conversely, citalopram treated patients without deficient response inhibition did significantly better than placebo treated patients without deficient response inhibition.
Patients with late-life depression and deficient response inhibition respond worse to SSRI than placebo. These findings suggest that there may be a deleterious interaction between deficient response inhibition and antidepressant medication in late-life depression and that the mechanism of SSRI and placebo response is different.
The executive functions represent a broad, multifaceted class of functions consisting of mental planning and organization, cognitive flexibility, set development and shifting, error monitoring, and response inhibition (1). Deficits in the executive functioning are common in late-life depression (defined as depression occurring among patients age 60 and older) and are associated with poor response to antidepressant treatment and increased rate of relapse, and recurrence (2–5).
Baldwin, et al (6) reported that deficits in Stroop and verbal fluency performance were higher among antidepressant non-responders compared to responders. In another study, late-life depressed patients with deficits in Stroop performance had lower remission rates to citalopram than late-life depressed patients without deficits in Stroop performance (2). Sneed, et. al (5) also showed that deficits in Stroop performance predicted poor response in an 8-week placebo-controlled trial of citalopram. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that this effect was not accounted for by deficits in other domains of cognitive functioning (7). In another study, depressed patients who remained symptomatic following antidepressant treatment showed increased perseveration and greater deficits in initiation (assessed using the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale) as compared to patients who achieved remission (3). Increased reaction time in the conflict condition of the Attention Network Test predicted prolonged time to remission depression among geriatric depressed patients (4). Finally, in a sample of non-demented elderly depressed treated with citalopram, impairment in initiation and increased perseveration (assessed using the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale) predicted both relapse and recurrence (8).
It appears that depressed older adults with deficits on tasks tapping executive functions respond less well to antidepressant medication than older depressed adults without these deficits. However, it is unclear whether patients with deficits on executive tasks respond the same to placebo or medication. The purpose of the present study is to extend our previous report and to determine whether there is a difference in outcome between treatment conditions (placebo or citalopram) among patients with and without deficits on the Stroop, a response inhibition task tapping a central component of the executive functions. To accomplish this goal, we use data from the Old-Old study (9), a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of citalopram in depressed adults age 75 and older.
The procedures used in the multi-site, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) have been previously described (9). Briefly, 174 community dwelling men and women 75 years or older meeting DSM-IV criteria (based on SCID interview) for non-psychotic unipolar depression (single or recurrent) with a baseline 24-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score ≥ 20 participated in this 8 week RCT. All patients began the trial with a one-week single-blind placebo lead-in with the baseline visit conducted at the end of the lead-in. Patients were randomized to citalopram 20 mg/d or matched placebo only if they continued to meet inclusion and exclusion criteria at the end of the placebo lead-in. At the end of week four, patients with a HRSD score > 10 had the dose increased to two pills per day, i.e., 40 mg of citalopram or 2 placebo pills.
Patients were excluded if they met National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease or probable vascular dementia, had an MMSE score ≤18, or had bipolar disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychotic disorder, or current substance abuse or substance dependence within the past year (other than nicotine) by DSM-IV criteria. Participants did not receive additional treatment during this study.
Response inhibition, a fundamental executive function (10), was measured using a Stroop test that was adapted from standard color/word versions of the task (11), using a single item presentation and a button press response. The computerized task was programmed in the PsyScope (v1.1) programming language and presented on a Macintosh laptop computer, with responses recorded via an external keypad. Subjects responded "1" for red, "2" for blue, and "3" for green on a numeric keypad, using index, middle and ring fingers. Before each of the three conditions of the task, study participants were screened for visual acuity via a practice trial in which subjects were shown the three colors (red, blue, green) to determine if they could discriminate them. The three blocks of trials were administered in a fixed order. In the first block (word only condition), printed color names (Red, Blue, Green) were presented (in black). In the second block (color only condition), a string of XXXs was presented in different colors (Red, Blue, Green). In the third block, color names were again presented, but this time printed in incongruous colors. Subjects were given auditory feedback on each trial (beep for correct; buzz for error). Stimuli were presented individually and cleared after subject response, with a 50-ms ISI. Word and Color blocks included 45 stimulus trials (0.5–1.0 min run time each); the Color/Word block included 90 trials (1.0–2.0 min run time). Percent interference (percent increase in median reaction time in the color/word condition relative to the color condition) was used to summarize performance, and patients were classified as having or not having deficient response inhibition (DRI) if they performed in the highest (slowest) quartile. This version of the Stroop task has been used in previous studies in both depressed and non-depressed samples and produces consistent interference effects (12, 13).
Multiple regression (14, 15) was used to test for differences at endpoint HRSD scores (week 8) between the four groups of patients while covarying for baseline HRSD scores, gender, age, and site of study. Dummy variable coding was used to designate each of the four groups (placebo treated patients without DRI, placebo treated patients with DRI, citalopram treated patients without DRI, and citalopram treated patients with DRI) with 1 indicating membership and 0 indicating non-membership. Each covariate was centered at its respective mean so that the intercept corresponded to the mean of the reference group at endpoint and the unstandardized regression weights reflect the difference between the groups included in the model and the reference group (excluded from the model). This dummy-variable coding approach to endpoint analysis is equivalent to conducting a general linear model with a main effect for drug, a main effect for the presence or absence of response inhibition, and their interaction (14, 16). All analyses were evaluated at the 5% level.
Prior to testing our hypotheses, we also used the PROC MI and MIANALYZE procedures in SAS to perform multiple imputation on any missing HRSD scores over the course of the study. Multiple imputation is a simulation technique that replaces each missing datum with a set of m > 1 plausible values (17). In our case, we chose m = 5, which generates 5 imputed data sets and is sufficient to obtain excellent results in most applications (18). The m complete data sets are analyzed using standard statistical analyses. The results from the analyses from the m complete data sets are combined by using Rubin's rules (17, 18) to generate valid statistical inferences that reflect uncertainty due to missing values, and therefore, improve both the accuracy and often the statistical power of results. This approach represents an improvement over endpoint analyses based on last observation carried forward (LOCF) data, which makes the unlikely assumption that data are missing completely at random and patient response is constant from the last observation to the end of the trial, assumptions that are likely to lead to biased results (19).
Table 1 presents basic demographic and clinical characteristics of the total sample, the placebo and citalopram subsamples, and the four groups of patients classified according to treatment condition and DRI status at baseline. Twenty-one percent of the citalopram treated patients met criteria for DRI and twenty-three percent of the placebo treated patients met criteria. The average study participant was approximately 79 years old, 58% of the sample consisted of women, the average study participant completed 13.74 years of education, the average age-at-onset of depression was 68, 42% of the sample had recurrent depressive episodes, the average Cumulative Illness rating Scale –Geriatrics was 7.08, and the average depression severity rating at baseline for the sample as a whole was 24.31 on the 24-item HRSD. There were no differences in any of these variables between the two treatment conditions or between the four groups based on treatment condition and DRI status except for baseline MMSE. As can be seen in Table 1, baseline MMSE scores were slightly higher in the citalopram group as compared to the placebo group, t(156)= −2.53, p =.01. In the analysis of the four groups based on treatment condition and DRI status, there was a statistically significant omnibus test, F(3,154)−2.80, p = .042, but the differences between the four groups were not large enough to yield statistically significant post-comparisons.
Table 2 reports the unstandardized regression coefficients for the regression analysis comparing the four groups on endpoint depression severity scores adjusting for baseline depression severity, age, gender, and site of study. As can be seen from Table 2, there was no difference in endpoint HRSD scores between patients with and without DRI in the placebo condition. However, this model reveals that patients without DRI assigned to citalopram scored lower at endpoint than those assigned to placebo. The unadjusted difference between the placebo and citalopram conditions in endpoint HRSD scores was approximately 3 points (see Table 1), which corresponds to a medium effect (Cohen's d = 0.43). In the second variation, placebo treated DRI patients had significantly lower scores than citalopram treated DRI patients. The unadjusted difference between placebo and citalopram among patients with DRI was approximately 6.5 points (see Table 1), which corresponds to a large effect (Cohen's d = 0.88). In the third variation of the model, citalopram treated patients with DRI scored significantly higher than citalopram treated patients without DRI, which has been reported previously (5). Figure 1 depicts the differences in change between the groups in HRSD scores.
Although a number of studies have shown that DRI predicts poor response to antidepressant medication (2–5), this is the first report that we know of showing a significant difference in response between medication and placebo in depressed patients with DRI. Extending our previous report (5), it is not simply that depressed older adults with DRI respond poorly to antidepressant medication, in fact these patients respond less well than they would if they had been treated with placebo.
We also found a significant difference between citalopram and placebo among depressed patients without DRI, which contradicts a previous report indicating no difference between treatment conditions based on the total sample (9). Thus, this study suggests that DRI is a potential confound of treatment response in the analysis of antidepressant medication trials and should be considered when interpreting the results of clinical trials conducted in late-life depression that did not find a significant difference between medication and placebo (9, 20–22). Future studies involving late-life depressed patients should report moderator analyses using a measure of DRI.
Although the mechanism of action of the placebo effect is unknown, the findings from this study indicate that it is different from SSRIs. Brain responses to antidepressant medications have been described as "placebo plus." In a well known comparison of regional brain glucose metabolism between placebo and SSRI responders, Mayberg et al. (23) found that both placebo and drug response were associated with increased metabolism in the prefrontal cortex, premotor cortex, inferior parietal cortex, posterior insula, and posterior cingulate and decreased metabolism in the subgenual cingulate, hypothalamus, thalamus, and parahippocampus. However, drug response was also associated with metabolism changes in other areas, such as the striatum, which were not associated with placebo response. These data may help explain why drug response should be preferentially reduced compared to placebo response in the current study. Patients with DRI have white matter lesions that may interrupt fronto-striatal pathways, possibly disrupting the connectivity of brain regions known to be associated with drug response over and above the placebo response.
The topic of this report raises the critical issue as to what is meant by the use of the term executive dysfunction in geriatric psychiatry and what aspects of it interact negatively with antidepressant medication. The term executive dysfunction is "vague and ill defined" (27). The executive functions refer to a theorized cognitive system that involves the monitoring and allocation of attentional resources and subsumes a broad class of functions including planning, organization, problem solving, cognitive flexibility such as set shifting and switching, updating and monitoring of working memory representations, error monitoring, and response inhibition (1, 24, 25). Typically, the term executive dysfunction is used despite the fact that only one or two components of the executive functions were assessed in the study or a single composite score is used based on an executive functions screening tool. In the latter case, although a broad array of functions is assessed, it is not clear from the composite score which aspect of executive functioning is affected. Therefore, we recommend when reporting results of studies using tests tapping the executive functions that researchers are specific to the test being used and do not generalize to the broader class of executive functions.
The second issue that is raised is what aspects of executive functioning interact negatively with antidepressant medication. Not all studies demonstrating interference with treatment response have measured the same components of the executive functions or used the same tests. For example, some studies have used the Stroop and the Attention Network Test (2, 5, 6), which are response inhibition tasks, whereas other studies have used the initiation/perseveration subtest of the Dementia Rating Scale (3, 8), which incorporates a number of different components but may be most accurately described as a test of fluency (26). It is not clear what the relationship is between response inhibition tasks and the initiation/perseveration subtest of the Dementia Rating Scale, and furthermore, why they are independently predictive of poor antidepressant treatment response. One possible explanation for the common effect is that both response inhibition and fluency tasks require cognitive flexibility and that deficits in cognitive flexibility predict poor treatment outcome.
As for the mechanism of executive dysfunction interference on antidepressant response, one possibility is disruption of frontostriatal tracts connecting the striatum to the prefrontal cortex, an important locus of central executive functioning as well as emotion regulation (27, 28). Consistent with this hypothesis, patients with late-onset depression and microvascular ischemic disease also tend to show deficits in executive functioning (29–31). Although executive tasks activate a diffuse network of brain areas suggesting that the neuroanotomical basis for the executive functions is widely distributed (24), the central locus of response inhibition appears to be the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) as seen on Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies (32–35). Specifically, it has been suggested that the ACC is implicated in response-related processes such as conflict detection and monitoring, but that activity in this region decreases as the level of response conflict is reduced with practice and as attentional control is established in the DLPFC (36, 37). Thus, microvascular ischemic disease may interfere with the circuits necessary for both the therapeutic action of antidepressant medication and executive functioning in general and response inhibition in particular. It is interesting to note that Sneed et al. (5) examined the relationship between response inhibition and qualitative ratings of microvascular ischemia using data from the Old-Old Study and found no relationship.
The Stroop Color-Word Test is a complex neuropsychological task that focuses on the slowing of reaction time in the color-word conflict condition relative the color-only condition. As opposed to a specific deficit in response inhibition, it is possible that a generalized slowing of reaction time or a slowing that occurs with greater cognitive demand accounted for the relationship between baseline Stroop performance and antidepressant response. However, we have shown in previous reports that the effect of DRI on antidepressant treatment response is independent of reaction time (Sneed, et al., 2007). We have also shown that poor antidepressant response is not associated with performance on any other neuropsychological task including mental status, psychomotor speed, reaction time, spatial judgment, or memory (7).
This study should be interpreted in the context of several limitations, which are balanced by using data from the only randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of antidepressant treatment among depressed patients age 75 or older. One possibility is that these findings do not hold in younger samples. However, the effect of response inhibition on treatment response has been shown in both young-old (2–4, 6, 8) and old-old samples (5). This study represents the first report of its kind and awaits replication in both young-old and old-old samples. Another possibility is that task novelty in the elderly might limit the validity of the computerized Stroop task used in this study. However, these novelty issues are more likely in less educated subjects, and if education predicted treatment response equally as well as Stroop performance, one could make an argument that there is some general novelty or testing familiarity effect. However, we included education as a covariate to test for this possibility and it did not substantively change the findings. Finally, response inhibition was the only component of the executive functions used in this study. The executive functions represent a multifaceted class of functions and, therefore, these findings may not generalize to other tests of executive functioning.
The findings from this study are clinically significant and have important implications for the treatment of late-life depression. We extended our previous report by showing that patients with depression and DRI respond worse than they would have had they been assigned to treatment with placebo. The observed effects were moderate to large in size indicating not only statistical significance but also that the findings are meaningful and detectable in small samples. These findings also imply that the mechanism of SSRI and placebo response is different, which may lead to important breakthroughs with regard to the treatment of depression with cognitive impairment in the elderly.
This research was supported by a grant from Forest Laboratories and National Institute of Mental Health grants T32 MH20004 (Steven P. Roose) and K23 MH075006 (Joel R. Sneed).
Disclosures: S.P.R. reports receiving a research grant from Forest Laboratories as well as consultant fees from Forest Laboratories, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Sanofi-Anventis, Pfizer, and Sierra Pharmaceuticals. D.P.D. reports receiving a research grant from Eli Lilly and Novartis as well as consultant fees from Glaxosmithkline, Acadia, and Sanofi-Aventis.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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text:
Abel Fada, 20, had been missing since Friday 25th January. On Tuesday 28th, his corpse was found hanging on a Mango tree in a nearby bush close to Mando Electricity Distribution Centre in Kaduna.
He is believed to have committed suicide. Fada's remains were not badly rotten yet even though they had started oozing some intolerable smell. He was found hanging steady on the green rope he used for to hang himself, with his eye glasses, wrist watch, shoes, a pair of jeans and blue T-shirt still defining him.
Fada's body was not far away from the main road, so on hearing the news, hundreds of local residents and passersby rushed to watch in spite of the bad stink. His uncle, Dominic Apolo, said Abel who was an orphan had been reported missing since Friday last week.
Apolo said: "He is my senior Brother's son. Both the father and the mother are dead. He has been complaining that he does not sleep. I kept asking him the cause of his sleeplessness. I asked him 'do you belong to any society; why can't you sleep? If you have any problem kindly tell me, I will solve it for you, but he said there was no problem.'
"He just finished his secondary school and was undergoing computer training. But last week, he told me he was sick, and after I treated him, he told me that he was resuming at the computer training Institute. Since that day, we have been looking for Abel. "We are from Edo State so we thought he ran home since my sister gave him money on that Friday before she left for Abuja.
"When my sister came back, everywhere was locked. In fact even now, some of the doors are still locked. She called his phone severally but there was no answer. So she asked a carpenter to destroy some of the doors so that she could enter the house. After that she reported to the police.
Spokesman of the Kaduna State Police Command, Aminu Lawan, confirmed the incident, saying that the police had commenced investigation to uncover the mystery behind the death. It would be recalled that on 25th December last year, 17-years-old Christiana Silas, killed herself with a lethal dose of insecticide in Romi, Kaduna, after she was found in a boy's room at night.
Source: Naija.ng


text:
Alpha – part 13on February 13, 2013 at 12:01 am
I've got a little bit of a wrap up planned for Monday… but I'm pretty happy ending this arc where we're at. I didn't want to drag it out and the events of their first date are going to be hinted at in the wrap up.
Friday's strip will still be John and Lyn, just not part of the arc proper.
In Zombie Roomie, all of the werewolves have some sort of addiction like how Jack smokes like a chimney… We're going to find out that Lyn is a danger junkie. I wanted to introduce that somehow before we get to stuff that requires that knowledge, so her having a chopper is tied to that.


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Lois M. Collins: Rude, inflammatory political chatter a harmful sign of the times
riverofsun St.George, UtahFeb. 27, 2014 1:30 p.m.
There is an ultra conservative attorney in Southern Utah who says he is a member of the prominent Utah religion. This man has been given a regular book review spot on this local morning radio station.
When this individual substitutes for the regular radio host, his comments about President Obama rival those of Ted Nugent. Those who call into the station to make comments, cheer him on when he speaks in such a way.
Quite pathetic.
m.g. scott clearfield, UTFeb. 26, 2014 3:12 p.m.
Tyler D
I got into the head of conservatives probably in the same way that all the liberals have who believe that being a critic of Obama equates to being racist. We have no more than anecdotal evidence and projection. Therefore it should never be used to criticize the critics. So please tell your side to stop. And when Hillary runs you might add that the opposition is not being anti-women. Just anti her politics. And her over-rated husband.
Since you continue to claim that opposition to Obama is based on a "seething, visceral hatred", ( which contradicts your first point) I will just say we hate what his policies are doing to this country. If it were Gore or Kerry, we would be just as opposed.
Sven Morgan, UTFeb. 26, 2014 10:40 a.m.
@m.g. scott
Obama has been such a dismal failure, all he and his supporters on the Left can do is charge racism for any criticism against his record:
* Obamacare
* Real unemployment of over 14%
* Americans on food stamps doubled since 2008
* Benghazi ("I didn't know about it...")
* IRS Scandal where conservative groups were harassed ("I didn't know about it...")
* Fast and Furious ("I didn't know about it...")
* NSA ("I didn't know about it...")
* Solyndra and other failed "Green" Companies that Obama pumped billions of our dollars into
Obama's presidency is an unmitigated disaster, and the Left knows this. The race card is all they have.
Tyler D Meridian, IDFeb. 26, 2014 10:31 a.m.
@m.g. scott – "Using race as a undercurrent of Americans objecting to Obama. I for one and I'm sure the vast majority of Republicans/conservative in America do not criticize Obama for his race."
Since I specifically said "how much of [the criticism] is based on race is anyone's guess," you are doing a fair amount of projection here.
And I'm curious how you know what the vast majority of conservatives think? Have you gotten inside all their heads?
I agree that Obama should not get a free pass and also that politics is and always has been a nasty game – the attacks our founders endured, from each other no less, would make your hair stand up.
But I noted a difference with Obama that you are conveniently ignoring – specifically, how he is attacked non-stop from the Right even for proposals the Right created or once supported.
Do you have a rational explanation for this fact other than a seething, visceral hatred for Obama based on… something?
m.g. scott clearfield, UTFeb. 26, 2014 10:07 a.m.
Tyler D
There you go again. Using race as a undercurrent of Americans objecting to Obama. I for one and I'm sure the vast majority of Republicans/conservative in America do not criticize Obama for his race. And would love a conservative/Republican black President. It is his bad management of his office that has drawn our ire. Nugents words of course were wrong, but on the whole, our criticisms of Obama rank with the criticisms of Bush, Clinton, Bush, Reagan, Carter, ect. All are valid in a our country. And all on both sides of the isle have their defenders. Some of you think Obama is being treated unfairly compared to other Presidents. That in and of itself is a racist view. Obama deserves no better than any other President got or will get. If one thinks his race should give him special treatment, then they ought to look at themselves and ask why. Because his race doesn't matter to most in America. If it did, he would not have been elected twice. Unless you think anyone who didn't vote for him is automatically a racist. Really?
SCfan clearfield, UTFeb. 26, 2014 9:51 a.m.
Why is it that the Ted Nugent comment has opened the door on this issue??? We have had words unprintable on this DN site used against Sarah Palin, and Laura Ingraham by million dollar donars to the Democrat party and I didn't notice any Democrat supporters coming in to complain of this type of talk. And by the way, if any of you ever listened to Rush Limbaugh you would realize that he and the Republican Party are very far apart. But you would have to listen to him to know that. In any case I won't hear the liberals complaining about an out of line statement from a rock star when so many like statements have come from the likes of Bill Mahar and others without a peep from the left. Sorry Lois, but you are way late to this party.
UtahBlueDevil Durham, NCFeb. 26, 2014 6:12 a.m.
"Have we "arrived" at a point in culture where we will no longer tolerate such debate, and such negative tones and comments? Perhaps"
Are you really seriously saying in order to debate a policy, or an issue, that we need to resort to name calling, personal distortions, inflammatory language, lying? That these are necessary to discuss differences?
I hope not. I really do.
There You Go Again Saint George, UTFeb. 25, 2014 10:18 p.m.
What Republicans have done for the last 4+ years will continue for the rest of President Obama's time in office.
The Republican from South Carolina who reported that it is good politics for Republicans to oppose the black guy in The White House laid bare the true motivation for what has happened during the last 4+ years.
Madsen Hall Magic Centerville, UTFeb. 25, 2014 8:16 p.m.
i'll try again, as my earlier comment was flagged for review.
Both sides have demonstrated hypocrisy--supporting the president when their party holds the presidency, but strongly criticizing the president when the other party holds the position. Obviously this is an effort to weaken the opponent and attempt to control, to some degree, the political discourse and even, perhaps, legislative outcome.
Some of this is understandable. Conservative Republicans oppose Obamacare because it represents a fundamental offense to their views--government control of a huge portion of the economy (healthcare). Obamacare also intrudes upon privacy, controls behavior, introduces new taxes, controls an entire industry, penalizes opponents, to list some of the negatives.
Other progressive Republicans may have embraced Obamacare if they had been included in the process. So their opposition is based more upon being left out of the power grab. Additionally, many Republicans oppose it simply because Democrats got it through and signed into law.
Americans who oppose politics because of sincere differences should find ways to communicate their opposition without demagoguing the other side.
I was obviously guilty of demagoguery in my earlier post, which was flagged. Hopefully this one is better.
Twin Lights Louisville, KYFeb. 25, 2014 7:35 p.m.
Open Minded Mormon,
Politics (of any stripe) should have no place at the pulpit or the teacher's dais.
Madsen Hall Magic Centerville, UTFeb. 25, 2014 5:59 p.m.
I too remember the Bush presidency when liberals accused him of lying, of being guilty of murder, and on and on. I remember the left calling for his impeachment, his death, his assassination. The left has short memories, and/or are justifying their behavior and comments a few years ago because "their man" is now president.
The left then complains that the right is treating the president poorly (just as the left did during the Bush years).
There is hypocrisy all around.
However, if we truly researched history and went back to the days of the pre-Revolution we would see and hear the same tone. This is an American tradition of debate, of smear, of mud throwing, of efforting to "win" the debate.
Have we "arrived" at a point in culture where we will no longer tolerate such debate, and such negative tones and comments? Perhaps.
We'll find out when a conservative wins the White House.
mohokat Ogden, UTFeb. 25, 2014 5:10 p.m.
@ Marxist
@Mohokat "...The holder of that office has to earn that respect. " Have any of you blokes been in the army? I have. They told us there that "it's not the man it's the uniform." Its quite true.
I also have been in the service. There were officers that I had to salute which was the uniform but that does not mean I respected them. In the present case of the CIC if I was in now I would obviously salute him although I find everything about him repulsive.
UtahBlueDevil Durham, NCFeb. 25, 2014 5:09 p.m.
I love reading over the comments… how the very first one rallies to justify bad behavior because someone else did it. Isn't that the same logic used on play grounds - the other person did it first?
The author clearly articulates that there is blame enough on both sides. We have seen in on MSNBC. We see it with Fox, Rush, the rest of the talking heads, and even a show I do like, the Daily Show, a propensity to crude thoughtless and often false comments. And yet the first response is a full bore partisan defense of bad behavior.
None of this is new, but there was a time when being so crass was actually looked down on. Now people pride themselves in just how rude and disrespectful they can be…. justifying it all the while by "the other side did it first". It is completely possible to have respectful debate and differences…. it just seems being nasty is the preferred path of many.
What next - I know you are but what am I? Rubber - Glue … anyone?
patriot Cedar Hills, UTFeb. 25, 2014 4:32 p.m.
Perhaps a trip through history would help you a bit....specifically Barack Obama's repeated, inflammatory and dishonest words toward conservatives ...or for that matter anyone who questions his policies. George Bush never ever stooped to that level and for that matter neither did Bill Clinton. With Barack it's become expected behavior. Yes we do respect the office of president and no we don't respect the current office holder. The corruption, the lies, and the recent arrogant power grab combined with the IRS ordered attacks against his detractors including even movie makers is without equal including Richard Nixon. No Barack has not earned or deserved our respect - quite the opposite. The millions of Americans who continue to suffer because of his latest lies about keeping your insurance and doctor and then his shrug of the shoulders response is typical of this sorry little man.
Furry1993 Ogden, UTFeb. 25, 2014 4:24 p.m.
@Demo Dave 1:45 p.m. Feb. 25, 2014
Lois, the correct phrase is, "I couldn't care less." If you could care less, you imply that you care to some degree already, which is the opposite of what you are trying to say.
Dave -- I am now going to date myself. The entire phrase of which Ms. Collin used a part says "I couldn't care less IF I CARED AT ALL." Through usage it got shortened to "I could care less" and then mutated into "I couldn't care less." Both you and she had a correct form of the phrase, just from different times in its existence.
Roland Kayser Cottonwood Heights, UTFeb. 25, 2014 4:01 p.m.
The followers of John Adams very sincerely believed that Thomas Jefferson was the anti-Christ.
Esquire Springville, UTFeb. 25, 2014 3:35 p.m.
@ Sven, I agree there were some off the wall things said about Bush (the guy who took us into two wars), but are you raising the Pee Wee Herman defense of "I know you are but what am I?" Just because someone else did it, does it make you feel better to do it too? You don't want to rise above the hate and negativity? Do you wish to continue rationalizing, or will you choose to be better? I guess in the end, it's your choice.
Tyler D Meridian, IDFeb. 25, 2014 3:18 p.m.
@JoeCapitalist2 – "What we really dispise is the pure hypocracy… "
As one who has seen this from both sides (and believe it or not, even defended Bush against the more vitriolic attacks on the Left), I'm not sure you want to go down the "hypocrisy" road in an effort to gain the moral high ground.
I don't think we've ever seen anything like the hypocritical knee-jerk reactionary hatred of our current president. How much of this is based on race is anyone's guess, but it goes without saying that after a few decades of continuously punishing blatant racism in the public arena, people have gotten pretty good at hiding their prejudices in the marketplace of ideas.
I think the knock-down evidence for my point about Obama is the sheer number of times he has been attacked with the most hyperbolic & inflammatory language for policies and proposals that were either created by Republicans or were at one time supported by Republicans (e.g., Romney's healthcare plan, Bush's Immigration plan, McCain's cap & trade proposal, etc., etc., etc….).
10CC Bountiful, UTFeb. 25, 2014 3:11 p.m.
I know a lot of folks on the right are amused by and appreciate Ted Nugent, aka, "The Nuge", and admire his (what might be termed) "vigorous expressions of freedom", like mowing down 400 wild hogs from a helicopter with a machine gun, etc.
But for both the right, and the left, it behooves the consumer of information to know what they're actually getting.
When the Nuge said Obama was a "subhuman mongrel", it was, of course, over the line, and it turns out the words "subhuman" and "mongrel" were actually used by the Nazis to denigrate Jews in the run-up to the concentration camps in WWII.
*THEN*, with the highest level of irony, the Nuge accuses Obama of taking us on a path like Nazi Germany(!)
(It's debatable whether Nugent actually could correlate those two items, and see a potential paradox in his statements, but the consumers of the information he provides hopefully can make the distinction.)
Unreconstructed Reb Chantilly, VAFeb. 25, 2014 3:00 p.m.
I found the personal attacks on Bush to be tiresome and below the belt. Despite my profound differences with him in political philosophy, and my issues with what I saw as his hubris, he was still my commander in chief.
I would chastise my more extremist friends who bought into the 9/11 conspiracies, Michael Moore's mocking, etc.
I thought the whole co-called "Bush Derangement Syndrome" was a troubling sign of where civil discourse was going, and was optimistic that Bush's leaving office would change the tone.
Nope. What we have now is Bush Derangement Syndrome on steroids.
Don't justify the rhetorical hatred of Obama on the grounds that liberals did it first. Ya'll ought to have known better and taken the higher ground, but you didn't. Own it.
JoeBlow Far East USA, SCFeb. 25, 2014 2:34 p.m.
"Nugent apologized for his comments ...many times."
"Nugent however did not excuse his inflammatory words which were spoken in the heat of the moment. "
I guess ole Ted has been in the "heat of the moment" quite often then.
These kinds of comments are not exactly new for Mr Nugent. When you slip up and then apologize, it should be accepted and that would be the end.
But when you do it repeatedly, ones "apology" doesn't exactly come off as sincere. Nugent has a long history of over the top hate speech but that is not enough to deter high level GOP candidates from stumping with him, or inviting him to the State of the Union speech.
Joecap, you keep insisting that there is a long list of examples. Bring one or two of the most egregious (from people that the Democrats give a political platform to)
Enlighten me.
Demo Dave Holladay, UTFeb. 25, 2014 1:45 p.m.
Lois, the correct phrase is, "I couldn't care less." If you could care less, you imply that you care to some degree already, which is the opposite of what you are trying to say.
JoeCapitalist2 Orem, UTFeb. 25, 2014 1:34 p.m.
No. We don't think it is OK to denigrate Obama just because Bush had to endure it.
What we really dispise is the pure hypocracy of those who scream how unfair and hateful that conservatives must be for disagreeing with Obama and his policies after they themselves spent the entire 8 Bush years saying far worse things about the GOP (and continue to do so today).
marxist Salt Lake City, UTFeb. 25, 2014 1:31 p.m.
The remarks of Ted Nugent are increasingly common and ominous. When he call Obama a "mongrel" this gets to the fascist preoccupation with racial purity. Fascism feeds on intemperate language. The fascist beast is loose. Beware.
TheTrueVoice West Richland, WAFeb. 25, 2014 1:23 p.m.
It seems that some of you think it is justified to denigrate the current President and his office, simply because the previous President was subjected to it.
Um, okay... are any of you over the age of 10?
I only ask because many of my 5th grade students use the same logic... "I pushed him off the monkey bars because he pushed me first".
Brilliant, mature logic.
marxist Salt Lake City, UTFeb. 25, 2014 1:00 p.m.
@Mohokat "...The holder of that office has to earn that respect. " Have any of you blokes been in the army? I have. They told us there that "it's not the man it's the uniform." Its quite true.
I have to remind myself over and over to be civil in my discourse even though I have strong opinions. We have a lot at stake. Mean talk will result in mean results.
patriot Cedar Hills, UTFeb. 25, 2014 12:46 p.m.
great comment. Spot on!!
patriot Cedar Hills, UTFeb. 25, 2014 12:32 p.m.
Two things need to be said about this article and understood
1. Nugent apologized for his comments ...many times. Lois failed to mention that fact for some reason. Ted Nugent is a very patriotic person and is correct for calling out Obama as a clear and present danger to America ...because he is. Nugent however did not excuse his inflammatory words which were spoken in the heat of the moment.
2. How many times over the past 5 years has Barack Obama been the SOURCE of the harsh, terrible, and inflammatory rhetoric toward conservatives? Too many to count!!! Lois needs to set the record straight and speak the whole truth ...not just one side of it.
3. It seems that the media (NBC, MSNBC, CNN) and Democrat's in congress as well as race hate generators like Sharpton use inflammatory and ridiculously ugly language toward conservatives on a DAILY basis.
It always helps to consider the whole truth and not just the parts you like Lois!
Thinkin\' Man Rexburg, IDFeb. 25, 2014 12:10 p.m.
This is absolutely nothing new. You should just look up campaign materials going all the way back to 1800. We got nothin' on them!
marxist Salt Lake City, UTFeb. 25, 2014 11:57 a.m.
Remember Werner Klemperer (Col Klink on Hogans Heros)? I remember his being on a talk show with the late Jack Anderson. Klemperer lived through Nazi Germany. He said the first thing which went down was public discourse - it became cruder and cruder - meaner and meaner. Anderson brushed this off, but Klemperer made a good point. This ugly dialog may be a sign of things to come, bad things.
1covey Salt Lake City, UTFeb. 25, 2014 11:56 a.m.
If the shoe fits, ear it. Or, better yet, get different shoes. Perhaps, we could begin at home, here in these comments by policing ourselves. Let's improve our language and our style. We can disagree with civility. I went slightly overboard, once, myself. Didn't make the cut; even my wife got after me.
Res Novae Ashburn, VAFeb. 25, 2014 11:41 a.m.
Some commenters have a hard time spotting the difference between respect and simple human decency. Some things are beyond the bounds of civilized discussion.
There is no defense for what came from Nugent. None.
Sven Morgan, UTFeb. 25, 2014 11:31 a.m.
Esquire said:
"See, even after reading the op-ed piece, some commenters still express their hatred for the President, relying on media propaganda that if full of falsehoods, misrepresenting the man and his policies."
Yeah, I know what you mean. The Left showed nothing but kindness, understanding, and support for President Bush during his eight years in office. The nation could at least reciprocate this same good will towards President Obama...right?
Well, okay, there was the movie depicting President Bush's assassination, which was cheered by Liberals, but that was just good clean political satire. Okay, the Left also called him a terrorist, but this was meant in a good way, and shouldn't be confused with "inflammatory political chatter..."
Talk about selective amnesia.
Esquire Springville, UTFeb. 25, 2014 11:10 a.m.
See, even after reading the op-ed piece, some commenters still express their hatred for the President, relying on media propaganda that if full of falsehoods, misrepresenting the man and his policies. These commenters will never accept anyone not of their party or choosing. They attack even his legitimacy (just as they did to Clinton). Having worked for leaders in both parties, I am calling out some of the commenters here and asking them to focus on issues, on reality, and on facts, instead of Fox and other right wing propaganda intended to bring the President down or otherwise weaken him. We all have policy differences, but to want to destroy the duly elected leader of our nation, just because you disagree (and you are in the minority, after all), does not seem to me to be patriotic. Seems like a totalitarian state might be your preference in reality.
Tyler D Meridian, IDFeb. 25, 2014 11:03 a.m.
Articles like this, and really so much of what our media showcases and has become, makes me wonder repeatedly when we are going to stop paying attention to our village idiots.
FT salt lake city, UTFeb. 25, 2014 10:22 a.m.
I agree with Craig Clark. The comments say much more about the person than the President. The congressman who yelled out "liar" during the state of the union, Ted Nugent, Micheal Moore, or Alec Baldwin are all cut from the same cloth. What they said is meaningless because of how they said it.
Open Minded Mormon Everett, 00Feb. 25, 2014 10:13 a.m.
Which is worse:
Ted Nugent calling President Barack Obama a "subhuman mongrel."
President Barack Obama being calling the "Anti-Christ", "ObamaNation" or "Son of Perdition" in LDS Gospel Doctrine or Preisthood meetings?
It's ture, It's happened -- many times.
[And you people wonder why I sometimes get up and walk out of church...]
Flashback Kearns, UTFeb. 25, 2014 10:10 a.m.
You go clear back to the 30's when Roosevelt ran against Hoover. That was the modern start of all of this, and back then it all came from the Democrats. They have raised it to an art form that came to its zenith during the W. Presidency. Harry Reid has never been called out by the media for his inflammitory rhetoric regarding President Bush.
You are crabbing about Nugent. You ought to be crabbing about the whole Democrat establishment. "He was born with a silver foot in his mouth", Ann Richards. Need I say more.
JoeCapitalist2 Orem, UTFeb. 25, 2014 9:54 a.m.
JoeBlow: I could give you instances all day long where "the left embraces their fanatics and brings them on stage". Somehow, I doubt you would acknowledge any of them.
The civility will never return until BOTH sides openly condemn outrageous comments from the radical wings of their own party as adamantly as they condemn similar comments from the other side. Party leaders must shun such behavior even when they perceive a political advantage by embracing it.
I'm not optimistic that this will happen anytime soon but your failure to recognize that your party is just as guilty as the GOP isn't going to help solve the problem.
airnaut Everett, 00Feb. 25, 2014 9:52 a.m.
Does Ted Nugent live in Utah?
JoeBlow Far East USA, SCFeb. 25, 2014 9:28 a.m.
JoeCap. As I stated in my post, I agree that there is over-the-top rhetoric on the left.
And your examples of Jeremiah Wright, Bill Maher, Al Sharpton, and Michael Moore.
These folks are not on the campaign trail. They do not speak at the Democratic National Convention.
" Al Frankin, Alan Grayson, and Maxine Waters say stuff that is just as bad."
As bad as what? Nugent? Who?
"so many liberals pretend that the current outrage over Obama's policies is something new."
Of course "outrage over policy" is nothing new. But we are not talking about "policy differences".
We are talking about blatant and personal hatred. The GOP seldom distances themselves from those who spew such hatred. In Nugent's case, he is celebrated. He is on the campaign trail.
Rush says over the top things. As does Bill Maher. But Bill Maher would NEVER be asked to speak at the DNC. Nor would Rev Wright.
We cant help what the fringe wackos on either side say or do. But, I dont see where the left embraces their fanatics and brings them on stage.
Feel free to give me instances.
Go listen to Nugents rant.
Craig Clark Boulder, COFeb. 25, 2014 9:21 a.m.
Nugent's outburst says more about who he is than anything about the President.
Ultra Bob Cottonwood Heights, UTFeb. 25, 2014 9:02 a.m.
When the bullets and bombs of a hot war end, sometimes the war just takes on different weapons and keeps on going. Such is true about the American Civil. The weapon of choice is hate. Aggravated by the oppression of the winning side, the losers easily find the resources and motivation for the creation of hate. And when the level of hate becomes high enough the hot war may very well start all over again.
If a child misbehaves and is punished by the parent, when the punishment of finished, the child is often accepted back with all the love and care that was there before. If only we could learn from our successful experiences.
JoeCapitalist2 Orem, UTFeb. 25, 2014 8:44 a.m.
I didn't hear the rant of Ted Nugent, but from the reports I heard, it was very over-the-top inappropriate. We can disagree (often emphatically) with the opposition without resorting to those kinds of tactics.
But I am also sorry that you cannot (or won't) see the blantent examples of similar behavior on the left. There are flame-thowers from radical leftists all over the place that are openly embraced by the Democratic party, their leaders, and the president himself!
Jeremiah Wright, Bill Maher, Al Sharpton, and Michael Moore are just a few examples. Elected officials like Al Frankin, Alan Grayson, and Maxine Waters say stuff that is just as bad. President Bush endured rude behavior from the left all day long, yet so many liberals pretend that the current outrage over Obama's policies is something new.
Hutterite American Fork, UTFeb. 25, 2014 8:44 a.m.
Some of you clearly don't like the President and have made arguments for yourself to assuage any conscience you might have against that dislike. Fine. Next time, vote for your man.
Mike Richards South Jordan, UtahFeb. 25, 2014 8:26 a.m.
I agree with mohokat. The office deserves respect, but the person holding that office must earn our respect. When the President blames others for his own failures, he deserves no respect. That doesn't mean that we should resort to name calling, but it does mean that we can and should speak about his failures.
Why aren't people talking about the administration's redefinition of "freedom of the press"? His administration is campaigning to oversee news outlets to insure that they print only what Americans "need". They've already defined our need as those things relating to our "safety" and our "health". That in NOT why we have the 1st Amendment. We have that amendment to keep government out of the newsroom, out of the editorial offices, out of TV and out or radio. Read history. How many nations became dictatorships after the government "gave" the people health care and then restricted the media?
There is enough to write about without calling names, but no one is required to respect an individual who has not earned that respect.
SEY Sandy, UTFeb. 25, 2014 8:09 a.m.
I'll admit that I was extremely critical of President G.W. Bush, but I'm every bit as critical of President Obama. They've both been disasters. However, I find the epithets thrown by Ted Nugent as crossing the line of acceptable discourse. When you begin to dehumanize other individuals, you can find yourself on the road to unacceptable behavior. It gives you license to do things to others because they're no longer human. It makes it easier to inflict physical or psychological harm on them because they're now a threat to "the rest of us humans." We see that in wars when soldiers on one side call the opposing soldiers hateful names. If others don't meet our standards of thought or behavior, we need to remember that they're still our fellow men (or women). The act of dehumanizing others is itself dehumanizing to those who engage in it.
Esquire Springville, UTFeb. 25, 2014 7:56 a.m.
I agree. But when I've asked people to tone it down, especially towards the President (who has been abused more than any President in modern times), they get angry. Look at the comments of "mohokat." No one thinks they are the problem, and they rationalize their behavior in some astounding ways. So, tell me what is the solution? As long as you have the fractured media, and media who are either intellectually dishonest, cowardly, cannot connect the dots, or are advocates, then the discourse will not change.
mohokat Ogden, UTFeb. 25, 2014 7:15 a.m.
The office of the President has and deserves respect. The holder of that office has to earn that respect. I have no respect for the present occupant of that office and that has no bearing on my patriotism. Respect for someone who takes no responsibility, who has proven to be untrustworthy. No thanks.
SEY Sandy, UTFeb. 25, 2014 6:47 a.m.
I couldN'T care less, either.
liberal larry salt lake City, utahFeb. 25, 2014 6:30 a.m.
This editorial totally misses the point of public outrage over Ted Nugent's inflammatory comments.
The outcry is over the fact that Texas Republican gubernatorial hopeful Greg Abbott has RECRUITED Nugent to campaign for him!
The outrage is over the fact that Mr. Abbott recruited someone who released a record in 1981 called "Jailbait", which has lyrics so sordid I won't even quote them!
The outrage is over the fact Ted Nugent is cheered on by a hardcore group of people who actually think he is speaking on their behalf!
JoeBlow Far East USA, SCFeb. 25, 2014 4:42 a.m.
Ms Collins is right. There is inflammatory political rhetoric on both sides of the isle.
So, is that an equivalence? Seems to Ms Collins it is.
There will always be fringe elements on both the right and the left that will overstep the bounds of decency. Nothing that we can do about them. (however, we can police ourselves)
But, we don't have to celebrate them. It is one thing to not have the backbone to publicly denounce over the top rhetoric, but we don't need to elevate their stature.
Sorry, but I don't see an equivalence.
The GOP base loves Ted Nugent and Rush Limbaugh and what they say and stand for. And that is fine...... until the GOP leaders include them as spokespeople.
Possibly you can find those on the left who have publicly said similar things to Nugents recent rant (If so, show me). But can you show where the party embraces them?
That is the difference.
Sven Morgan, UTFeb. 25, 2014 1:44 a.m.
Ms. Collins,
I'm always amused when the Left feigns outrage at something somebody says; especially about President Obama. The only people with thinner skin than Obama, are his supporters...especially his cheerleaders in the media.
Where were you the eight years George W. Bush was president?
*Remember the movie that was made, and celebrated by liberals, about the assassination of President Bush?
*Remember Barbra Streisand likened Bush to Herman Goering?
*Remember what Sean Penn said about Bush: "I am more patriotic than this president we have, who I consider a traitor of human and American principles."
*Remember what Julianne Malveaux of USA Today said about Bush: "George W. Bush is evil. He is a terrorist. He is evil. He is arrogant. And he is out of control."
I could go on...
You're a reporter, yet the only thing negative you could dig up on the Left, and their treatment of Bush, was Alec Baldwin threatening to leave the country...seriously?
My short list of outrageous things said by liberals about Bush, make Ted Nugent's comments inconsequential.
Were the Left's "Rude, inflammatory political chatter a harmful sign of the times" when Bush was president also?


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Shovel ready jobs, fixing Unemployment, fixing the economy. "Hope and Change" has become more like "Desperate for Change" - I cannot think of any campaign promises he has followed through with other than his Health Care debacle.
Phion got it right on the mark.
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TMT Intelligence is part of the Business Intelligence Division of Informa PLC
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On November 17, 2016, Infinera announced the meshponder for 2.4Tbps super-channel. The meshponder utilizes Infinera's Infinite Capacity Engine, which incorporates Infinera's fourth-generation Photonic Integrated Circuit (PIC). Infinera has been lagging the market with a single-channel 16QAM 200G solution as well as point solutions in regional networks, so this will allow it to compete more effectively by offering higher-capacity and purpose-built point solutions for high-traffic scenarios.
Infinera needed to deliver a 16QAM 200G solution and has created the meshponder, a platform based on a sliceable 2.4Tbps super-channel technology delivered by the Infinite Capacity Engine. It has laid out a plan for six products over the next year that address metro/regional and backbone markets and use or enhance the Infinite Capacity Engine.
The next-generation PIC in Infinera's meshponder provides 4.8x the capacity of its previous 500G PIC. The fourth-generation PIC is used in two solution types: the point-to-point Cloud Express 2 (CX2) announced in August and the new meshponder solutions. The new meshponder can be connected to different meshponders with different slices (channels) directed to the appropriate meshponders. The slicing capability is enabled by the new Flexgrid ROADM. Infinera's solution can slice "elephant flows" of traffic for data centers and "mouse flows" for carriers and everything in between in 100G increments. The new PIC can adjust below 100G on a channel if the optical fiber can only support that much bandwidth, shifting to a BPSK, QPSK, 8QAM, and 16QAM capability as conditions require. The solution relies on the Xceed SDN Controller to manage the digital signal processor (DSP) for modulation, slicing the network, and adding bandwidth on demand between meshponders. Infinera will release a 400GbE client once standards are finalized to go with the 10GbE and 100G OTN and Ethernet clients on the XTC-4/10 platform.
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Market Share Report: 2Q16 ON Global, TE0006-001289 (September 2016)
Market Share Spreadsheet: 3Q16 ON Global, TE0006-001307 (December 2016)
OFC 2016: More Innovation and Volume for Data Center Intra- and Interconnect, TE0017-000066 (April 2016)
Don Frey, Principal Analyst, Intelligent Networks
Europe, Middle East & Africa team - +44 (0) 207 017 7700
Asia-Pacific team - +61 (0)3 960 16700
US team - +1 646 957 8878
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