text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jul 13, 2010
|Filing date
|Apr 5, 2006
|Priority date
|Apr 5, 2006
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Michael S. Veldman, Doug Baker, Marco D. Capote
|Original Assignee
|Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (24), Non-Patent Citations (1), Referenced by (33), Classifications (7), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates generally to spinal fixation systems, such as systems for use in the fixation of the spine for the treatment of various spinal deformities. Specifically, the present invention contemplates a lateral connector assembly for interconnecting an elongated member, such as a rod or tether, with a bone engaging fastener such as a hook, screw or bolt.
The treatment of spinal deformities and injuries has evolved significantly over the last 30 years. Spinal deformities, such as scoliosis and kyphosis, as well as fractures, spondylolisthesis, and other medical indications have been treated using a system of relatively rigid elongated members spanning the vertebral column. In one type of system, the elongated members constitute a plate that has a number of openings or slots through which bone bolts or bone screws extend. The bone engaging fasteners are threaded into different aspects of the vertebra and fixed to the plate to achieve fixation of the elongated plate. In other procedures, elongated rigid rods are joined to screws or hooks embedded in the spine to fix the relative position of each vertebra. In yet further procedures for dynamic stabilization, an at least partially flexible elongate member is joined to bone engaging fasteners embedded in the spine.
In the implantation of any spinal instrumentation, one goal of the surgeon is to minimize the intrusion into the patient, whether by the amount of implants that must be used, the size of the surgical access opening or by the length of time required to fix the implants within the patient. Further, the system must be easy to use and provide the surgeon with confidence that it will provide the desired stabilization after implantation.
While connectors have been provided that offer various degrees of freedom of movement between the elongated member and the bone fastener, there remains a need for providing an improved connection between the bone fastener and the elongated member.
The present invention provides a connector assembly for connecting a bone engaging fastener to an elongated member. In one aspect the invention includes a connector for joining the bone engaging fastener to a clamp having a channel for holding the elongated member. A compression member is provided to hold the elongated member in the channel and a mechanism is included in the channel to translate the compression force on the elongated member into a locking force to lock the connector to the clamp. In one embodiment, a locking member is provided with an oblique bearing surface that engage the elongated member. In another embodiment, the channel includes an oblique bearing surface that forces the elongated member against a portion of a locking member that locks the connector to the clamp.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a lateral connector assembly for connecting a bone engaging fastener to an elongated member. In one embodiment, the connector assembly includes a lateral connector having a plate portion and a first connection portion, the plate portion defines an opening configured to receive the bone engaging fastener therethrough and the first connection portion defines a first locking surface. The assembly further includes a clamp having a body defining a channel therethrough sized to receive the elongated member therein and a second connection portion defining a connection axis and configured for engagement with the first connection portion of the lateral connector. A variable angle locking member is disposed between the first connection portion and the second connection portion, the variable angle locking member has a second locking surface for engaging the first locking surface of the lateral connector at a plurality of angular orientations, and the variable angle locking member includes a locking member bearing surface opposite the second locking surface. The locking member bearing surface is disposed at least in part within the channel for engaging the elongated member and disposed at an oblique angle with respect to the connection axis. The system further includes a compression member extending between the clamp and the elongated member, the compression member acting to urge the elongated member against the bearing surface.
Further aspects, forms, embodiments, objects, features, benefits, and advantages of the present invention shall become apparent from the detailed drawings and descriptions provided herein.
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings, and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is intended. Any alterations and further modifications in the described devices, instruments, methods, and any further application of the principles of the invention as described herein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
Referring now to
Clamp body 150 includes a threaded opening 152 extending into a through channel 154. Extending away from through channel 154 at a substantial perpendicular angle is the connection extension 157. In the illustrated embodiment, the connection extension extends along a connection axis L1 and is divided by gap 155 into upper and lower branches. An upper projection 158 is formed on the upper branch and a lower projection 162 is formed on the lower branch. A retaining clip 160 is adapted to slide along gap 155 and engage internal shoulder 120 of the plate portion 110.
Referring now to
In the retained positioned the connector assembly 100 is ready for implantation in a patient. In use, a bone fastener, such as bone screw 210 is implanted in the desired position in the patient. Although not illustrated, it is contemplated that bone screw 210 is implanted into the pedicle of a vertebral body along axis L3 for a posterior fixation procedure. Further, a plurality of bone screws 210 are implanted in adjacent spinal levels to complete a posterior fixation procedure. Once the bone screws 210 have been implanted, an elongated spinal rod 240 is selected and cut to a length sufficient to span the plurality of bone screws 210. At least one connector assembly 100 is placed on the rod 240. The connector assembly 100 is in the retained position such that the plate portion 110 may be rotated with respect to the rod clamp body 150. The plate portion 110 is rotated such that the opening 112 is in substantial alignment with the bone screw 210. The upper portion of bone screw 210 is passed through opening 112 in the plate portion 110. An internally threaded nut 220 is connected to the externally threaded post of the bone screw 210 and is advanced to engage the bone screw to the plate portion 110.
The externally threaded set screw 230 is threadedly engaged with the internally threaded side walls of opening 152. Set screw 230 advances along compression axis L2 as shown in
In the illustrated embodiment, the sloping wall 156 and corresponding sloping walls 134 and 136 form a channel with side walls that taper from the top, adjacent the set screw, to the bottom of the channel. As the set screw 230 pushes rod 240 into the tapered channel 154, the set screw compression force is translated by the sloping bearing walls 156, and locking member bearing walls 134 and 136 into a locking force applied along axis L1. In the illustrated embodiment the locking member bearing surfaces 134 and 136 are disposed at an oblique angle with respect to the connection axis L1 and the compression axis L2. The clamp bearing surface is also positioned oblique to connection axis L1. This locking force applied against bearing walls 134 and 136 urges the locking member 130 splines into locking engagement with the projecting splines 115 of the connection portion 114 of the plate 110. It will be appreciated that the set screw compression force on rod 240 causes movement of the locking washer 130 along the locking axis L1. Further, movement of the set screw moves rod 240 along bearing surfaces 134 and 136, and clamp bearing surface 156 toward the bottom of the channel. It will be appreciated that rod 240 is positionable in an infinite number of positions along the bearing surfaces. Moreover, with the locking member 130 fully engaged with the connection portion 114, further compression force applied by set screw 230 tends to tighten the locking force applied along axis L1 and to hold rod 230 in a three point contact lock to inhibit movement of the clamp 150 along the rod 240. The tightened set screw holds the connector assembly in a locked position as shown in
In a further embodiment shown in
Although the above illustrated embodiments have been described in detail for the purpose of illustration and understanding of the principles of the present invention, it is contemplated that the invention may be applied in a variety of spinal stabilization assemblies. For example, in one embodiment the clamp body and locking washer combination of the present invention may be applied to the lateral connector of U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,135 to Sherman et al., incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. In another embodiment the connection portion of the plate member is moveable with respect to the portion of the plate member engaging the bone fastener. The moveable connection portion translates along the connection axis in response to the transmission of the set screw compressive force being translated by a clamp body assembly according to the present invention to translate the rod along the locking axis and thereby move the assembly to a locked position. As set forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,579,292 to Taylor and U.S. Pat. No. 5,885,285 to Simonson, incorporated herein by reference in their entirety, the moveable connection portion slides along the plate member to capture and hold the bone screw without the need for a separate locking nut. Still further, in another embodiment, the plate member may be substantially ring shaped such that it is joined to a shaft of a bone fastening element.
Although a set screw has been shown as the compression member in the illustrated embodiment, in another embodiment, the compression member is an external nut with internal threading that engages an externally threaded portion of the clamp body. In still a further embodiment, the compression member is one or more tapered sleeves that slide along the rod to lock the rod in the channel.
The connector assembly is useful for rigid rods and flexible connectors. For example, in one embodiment, rod 240 is formed of a rigid material such as titanium or stainless steel. In another embodiment, rod 240 is flexible. In such an embodiment, rod 240 is formed of plastic or a flexible metal. In still a further embodiment, the elongate member is not a rod but a flexible cable or cord that may be tensioned between adjacent spinal levels and connectors. Still further, lateral refers to the connection of the elongated member along one side of the shaft of the bone fixation element such as screw 210 as opposed to fixing the elongated member in line with the axis of the bone screw.
The foregoing outlines features of several embodiments so that those skilled in the art may better understand the aspects of the present disclosure. Those skilled in the art should appreciate that they may readily use the present disclosure as a basis for designing or modifying other processes and structures for carrying out the same purposes and/or achieving the same advantages of the embodiments introduced herein. Those skilled in the art should also realize that such equivalent constructions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and that they may make various changes, substitutions and alterations herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 18, 1992
|Nov 16, 1993
|Danek Medical, Inc.
|Variable angle screw for spinal implant system
|Feb 17, 1993
|Feb 1, 1994
|Danek Medical, Inc.
|Top tightening clamp assembly for a spinal fixation system
|Aug 14, 1995
|Jul 1, 1997
|Simonson; Peter Melott
|Spinal implant connection assembly
|Dec 16, 1996
|Mar 23, 1999
|Simonson; Peter Melott
|Spinal implant connection assembly
|Dec 18, 1997
|Nov 2, 1999
|Sdgi Holdings, Inc.
|Lateral connector assembly
|Apr 21, 1999
|Feb 6, 2001
|Richard B Ashman
|Variable angle connection assembly for a spinal implant system
|Sep 29, 1999
|Apr 3, 2001
|Sdgi Holdings, Inc.
|Connecting apparatus using shape-memory technology
|Nov 9, 2000
|Oct 29, 2002
|Sdgi Holdings, Inc.
|Variable angle connection assembly for a spinal implant system
|Oct 23, 2000
|Feb 18, 2003
|Sdgi Holdings, Inc.
|Taper-locked adjustable connector
|Oct 23, 2000
|Jun 3, 2003
|Sdgi Holdings, Inc.
|Spinal implant connection assembly
|Jun 18, 2001
|Jun 17, 2003
|Sdgi Holdings, Inc.
|Connection assembly for spinal implant systems
|Nov 24, 2003
|Aug 28, 2007
|Sdgi Holdings, Inc.
|Grommet assembly
|Dec 30, 2005
|Aug 18, 2009
|Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc.
|Top-tightening side-locking spinal connector assembly
|Oct 28, 2002
|Jan 26, 2010
|Spinevision S.A.
|Connection assembly for the field of spinal osteosynthesis and method for using at least one such assembly
|Nov 11, 2002
|Jun 5, 2003
|Dennis Crandall
|Multidirectional pivoting bone screw and fixation system
|Jan 23, 2002
|Jul 24, 2003
|Ashman Richard B.
|Variable angle spinal implant connection assembly
|Feb 17, 2003
|Sep 18, 2003
|Taylor Harold Sparr
|Taper-locked adjustable connector
|Apr 30, 2003
|Oct 9, 2003
|Taylor Harold Sparr
|Connection assembly for spinal implant systems
|Nov 24, 2003
|May 26, 2005
|Alan Rezach
|Grommet assembly
|Aug 5, 2004
|Jun 23, 2005
|Doubler Robert L.
|Spinal fixation assembly
|Feb 8, 2006
|Aug 31, 2006
|David Lee
|Bone fixation apparatus
|Feb 7, 2006
|Sep 28, 2006
|Facet Solutions, Inc.
|Facet joint implant crosslinking apparatus and method
|Apr 29, 2005
|Nov 2, 2006
|Sdgi Holdings, Inc.
|Spinal stabilization apparatus and method
|Feb 28, 1996
|Oct 2, 1996
|Danek Medical, Inc.
|Top-tightening transverse connector for a spinal fixation system
|European Patent Office, International Searching Authority, Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, or the Declaration, International Application No. PCT/US2007/065420, International Search report mailing date Mar. 4, 2008.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 6, 2009
|Jan 3, 2012
|Kleiner Jeffrey B
|Tools and methods for spinal fusion
|Oct 29, 2010
|Aug 21, 2012
|Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc.
|Spinal connector assembly
|Oct 20, 2011
|Oct 2, 2012
|Kleiner Intellectual Property, Llc
|Tools and methods for spinal fusion
|May 16, 2012
|Oct 23, 2012
|Kleiner Intellectual Property, Llc
|Spinal fusion cage with removable planar elements
|Dec 7, 2009
|Feb 5, 2013
|Kleiner Jeffrey
|Apparatus and method of spinal implant and fusion
|Jul 28, 2010
|Jul 9, 2013
|Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc.
|Adjustable spinal connector assembly
|Jan 25, 2008
|Nov 19, 2013
|DePuy Synthes Products, LLC
|Clamps used for interconnecting a bone anchor to a rod
|Jul 22, 2013
|Apr 1, 2014
|Spinal Surgical Strategies, Llc
|Bone graft delivery system
|Nov 22, 2013
|Apr 29, 2014
|Spinal Surgical Strategies, Llc
|Fusion cage with combined biological delivery system
|Oct 22, 2012
|May 6, 2014
|Nuvasive, Inc.
|Spinal fusion cage with removable planar elements
|Oct 1, 2012
|Aug 19, 2014
|Jeffrey B. Kleiner
|Spinal fusion cage system with inserter
|Apr 20, 2011
|Oct 21, 2014
|Jeffrey B. Kleiner
|Method and apparatus for performing retro peritoneal dissection
|Jan 30, 2013
|Oct 28, 2014
|Jeffrey KLEINER
|Apparatus and method of spinal implant and fusion
|Sep 20, 2010
|Dec 9, 2014
|Spinal Surgical Strategies, Llc
|Bone graft delivery device and method of using the same
|Feb 6, 2012
|Jun 23, 2015
|Spinal Surgical Strategies, Llc
|Fusion cage with combined biological delivery system
|Dec 14, 2012
|Nov 3, 2015
|Spinal Surgical Strategies, Llc
|Fusion cage with combined biological delivery system
|Apr 28, 2014
|Nov 17, 2015
|Spinal Surgical Strategies, Llc
|Fusion cage with combined biological delivery system
|Jun 24, 2011
|Feb 2, 2016
|Kleiner Intellectual Property, Llc
|Devices and methods for preparing an intervertebral workspace
|Oct 6, 2014
|Aug 30, 2016
|Jeffrey KLEINER
|Apparatus and method of spinal implant and fusion
|Aug 18, 2014
|Sep 13, 2016
|Jeffrey B. Kleiner
|Spinal fusion cage system with inserter
|Oct 20, 2015
|Apr 25, 2017
|Spinal Surgical Strategies, Llc
|Biological delivery system with adaptable fusion cage interface
|Oct 21, 2014
|Aug 1, 2017
|Jeffrey B. Kleiner
|Method and apparatus for performing retro peritoneal dissection
|May 20, 2010
|Nov 7, 2017
|DePuy Synthes Products, Inc.
|Patient-mounted retraction
|Jan 25, 2008
|Oct 21, 2010
|Josef Gabelberger
|Clamps used for interconnecting a bone anchor to a rod
|Oct 29, 2010
|May 3, 2012
|Warsaw Orthopedic, Inc.
|Spinal Connector Assembly
|Sep 25, 2012
|Apr 4, 2013
|Nicolas Hainard
|Connectors for a secondary bone anchor
|Jun 8, 2011
|Mar 27, 2012
|Kleiner Jeffrey B
|Spinal distraction instrument
|Mar 14, 2012
|Sep 18, 2012
|Kleiner Jeffrey B
|Spinal distraction instrument
|Sep 28, 2012
|Dec 24, 2013
|Kleiner Intellectual Property, Llc
|Spinal distraction instrument
|Jul 17, 2012
|Feb 25, 2014
|Jeffrey B. Kleiner
|Intervertebral surgical tool
|May 3, 2013
|Mar 3, 2015
|Spinal Surgical Strategies, Llc
|Bone graft delivery tool
|Oct 20, 2014
|Feb 23, 2016
|Spinal Surgical Strategies, Llc
|Expandable fusion cage
|Oct 19, 2015
|Sep 12, 2017
|Spinal Surgical Strategies, Llc
|Bone graft delivery tool
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 5, 2006
Owner name: SDGI HOLDINGS, INC., DELAWARE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VELDMAN, MICHAEL S.;BAKER, DOUG;CAPOTE, MARCO D.;REEL/FRAME:017792/0141;SIGNING DATES FROM 20060403 TO 20060405
Owner name: SDGI HOLDINGS, INC., DELAWARE
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:VELDMAN, MICHAEL S.;BAKER, DOUG;CAPOTE, MARCO D.;SIGNINGDATES FROM 20060403 TO 20060405;REEL/FRAME:017792/0141
|Feb 25, 2008
Owner name: WARSAW ORTHOPEDIC, INC., INDIANA
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:SDGI HOLDINGS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:020558/0116
Effective date: 20060428
Owner name: WARSAW ORTHOPEDIC, INC.,INDIANA
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:SDGI HOLDINGS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:020558/0116
Effective date: 20060428
|Jan 13, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text: Hey, so I installed the QuickOffice apps, which would apparently let me view ppt, excel, word files, etc. that are attached in emails, or are on my SD card. I am trying to download a ppt file from my class website, (which I would normally do on my laptop anyways) just so that I can view it. My phone keeps telling me it doesn't support this file type, though, and I was wondering what the problem is, in the sense that, why can't it download it to the SD and let me view it with quick office? ANy help is appreciated!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Empty Pages
by Albert Carey Project
Lyrics and Meaning
Song Lyrics
Song Meaning
Verse 1
When you're out in front and your life is unsure
What have you got goin' for you after every road you turn
It's magic when you tell me and run your fingers through my hair
I don't need your persuasion, 'cause I'm already there
I've just read it through and I said to myself
That's not really you, I'll keep myself to myself
It's magic when you tell me, and write the words I want to see
When I reach the last line, it's just empty for me
I've been learning so long, about the things you do
I've been learning so long about you, about you
Verse 2
Empty pages I've read you all through
Empty pages filled with spaces I fell in and I fell in
Empty pages I've read you all through
Empty pages filled with spaces I fell in and I fell in
What's Your Interpretation?
Share your thoughts on "Empty Pages" by Albert Carey Project.
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text:
Jack Be Nimble Trailer (1993)
15 September 1993 Horror, Thriller 95 mins
Jack and Dora, abandoned by their parents as babies, are desperate to find each other after years of adoption. Jack's young life has been spent with a sadistic family. Dora, whose life has been somewhat better, has developed extra-sensory powers which tell her that Jack's in danger and drives her to search for him.
Watch the official Jack Be Nimble 1993 trailer in HD below or find more Jack Be Nimble videos on Vidimovie.


text:
Interesting video about Leica
Artichoke wrote:
computers can do a great deal with an image file, but getting the image in camera will always trump pulling it from a software manipulation
I am surprised that an expert would make such a comment
when you see the amount of human touch involved in making Leica equipment, there cost becomes more understandable, especially considering the company's enlightened attitude towards its workers-- hide signature --
pbase & dpreview supporter
DPR forum member since 5/2001
my PBase Galleries
"Avoid making a commotion, just as you wouldn't stir up the water before fishing. Don't use a flash out of respect for the natural lighting, even when there isn't any. If these rules aren't followed, the photographer becomes unbearably obtrusive" -- attributed to HCB
thats because he's not an expert
he's an idiot who knows nothing about photography
|Post (hide subjects)
|Posted by
|Nov 26, 2012
|Nov 26, 2012
|Nov 26, 2012
|Nov 27, 2012


text:
Tampa Tribune editorial: A uniquely Florida industry in jeopardy
Florida Commissioner of Agriculture Adam Putnam is usually upbeat about the state's prospects, but even he can find no words of encouragement for the citrus industry. "We are losing the fight against citrus greening disease," he says. "It's in every county in Florida. It causes massive fruit drop, and there are no adequate solutions. If we don't do something, in five years we are not going to recognize the citrus industry, which is Florida's signature crop." To come up with solutions, Putnam's 2013 budget proposal recommends $9 million for research and to help growers protect their crops' health. Gov. Rick Scott's budget would provide only half that. Lawmakers should go with Putnam's plan.This is a crisis not just for growers but for the state economy. Citrus represents a $9 billion-a-year industry. It supplies about 90 percent of the nation's orange juice. A University of Florida study last year estimated the lower orange juice production that has resulted from greening has cost the state's economy $3.6 billion in lost revenues and 6,600 jobs. The disease is primarily spread by the Asian citrus psyllid, a tiny exotic insect that carries the disease as it feeds on the leaves of citrus trees. Seeds and grafting from an infected tree can also spread the disease. As the Agriculture Department details, the infected trees produce misshapen and bitter fruit and eventually stop producing. The trees usually die within five years. The only current way to combat the disease is to remove the tree. It was first introduced into Florida in 1998. As Putnam points out, prior to 2004, the state had about 800,000 acres in citrus production. Now that is down to about 500,000 acres and greening, as well as development, was a major factor. Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of Agriculture cut its forecast for this season's citrus production in Florida by 5 percent, to 146 million boxes from 154 million, partly due to the highest fallen fruit rate since 1970. The Citrus Research and Development Foundation, a collaboration of the Florida Department of Agriculture, Florida Citrus Mutual, Florida Citrus Commission and the University of Florida, is on the case. As The Wall Street Journal recently reported, researcher are experimenting with various approaches: Attacking the psyllids with chemical sprays or trying natural predators, such as a wasp from Asia. Attempting to breed psyllids that don't transmit the bacteria. Trying to develop antibiotics that will protect the trees from infection. Putnam is hopeful more research dollars devoted solely to the disease will find an effective strategy. The citrus industry requires an emergency rescue mission. Lawmakers should approve Putnam's request.
Trending Now


text:
The year is 1982, just two years before that made famous by Orwell. An exiled Soviet writer discovers that a German travel agency is booking flights through a time warp to a variety of tempting sites and dates in the future. Moscow? The year 2042? How can he resist? Afterword by the Author. Translated by Richard Lourie.
An emigre Russian writer named Kartsev narrates a bawdy, self-deprecating tale of travel from West Germany in 1982 to Moscow circa 2042, where much has changed (but not the Soviet penchant for re-writing history). ``Voinovich, author of the Private Ivan Chonkin books, is goodnatured and irreverent, but his work doesn't have Orwell's deadpan bite,'' noted PW. (Sept.)


text:
International trade activities have led to companies opening subsidiaries or other type of legal entities in foreign countries. Singapore is one of the most developed countries in terms trading activities which is why double taxation agreements (DTAs) are an important factor for attracting foreign investors towards the country. The reduction of taxes and the consolidation of Singapore's position among the most competitive countries in the world are based on international taxation agreements. Double tax agreements are usually concluded among two or more countries in order to reduce the tax burden applied to the same a taxpayer.
Singapore is one of the countries with many double taxation avoidance treaties. Some types of incomes are exempt from taxation or benefit from reduced tax rates in Singapore depending on the type of double tax agreement concluded. Singapore has signed comprehensive and limited double taxation agreements. Comprehensive agreements cover all types of incomes, while limited agreements cover only certain types of incomes.
Among the countries Singapore has singed double tax treaties with there are:
In Singapore both companies and individuals can benefit from tax reliefs or deductions covered by double taxation agreements. The incomes benefitting from deductions or reliefs in Singapore are the income for immovable property, dividends, royalties, interest, business profits, capital gains, profits made from air transportation or shipping. The methods to relieve double tax agreements in Singapore can take the form of tax credits that will be granted to a taxpayer for the foreign tax against the tax imposed in his or her country of origin on the same income. Tax reductions can be offered for taxes paid on dividends, interests and royalties. Tax deductions are offered in Singapore on the foreign tax applied to the foreign income.
Our company incorporation agents in Singapore can provide details about all the double taxation agreements available currently. You can also contact us for company registration in Singapore.
Michelle 2017-02-16
This article is very informative and helpful. Thanks!


text:
Skip to comments.Chicago teacher sues over pocket knife suspension
Posted on 04/19/2013 12:24:43 PM PDT by JoeProBono
CHICAGO, - A Chicago teacher's lawsuit alleges he was suspended for showing his second graders a pocket knife "as part of a curriculum-mandated 'tool discussion.'"
Douglas Bartlett, who was suspended without pay from Washington Irving Elementary School during the 2011-2012 school year, filed a federal lawsuit against Chicago School District No. 299 and principal Valeria Newell, the Courthouse News Service reported Thursday.
The suit calls the suspension of Bartlett, a 17-year veteran of the school district, a case of "overzealous application of political correctness.""Plaintiff, a school teacher, showed to his students a pocket knife, as part of a curriculum-mandated 'tool discussion,'" the lawsuit states. "Other garden-variety tools plaintiff used in the discussion were a box cutter, various wrenches, screwdrivers, and pliers. As a result of showing a pocket knife, plaintiff was charged with bringing a weapon to school, and received a four-day suspension without pay. Plaintiff sues for money damages and to have this suspension expunged from his record."
The suit alleges Bartlett's Fourth Amendment rights were violated when he was given the penalty.
Chicago is several orders of magnitude worse.
But was it a "scary looking" assault pocket knife?
If my kid can be suspended for carrying a pocket knife in school, then the same rule should apply to this teacher. It's a dumb rule, but it's the rule. How about we change the stupid rule instead of making exceptions selectively?
Most school 'administrators' are functionally illiterate; but, they get paid just the same.
Sue their a$$e$ off.
If it had two or more blades then it's an assault knife.
Shouldn't he be whittling AWAY from his face?
I wonder how they dissect frogs these days in freshman biology, if no cutting implements can be allowed in the schools.
He was a self taught orphan.
What passes for "thinking" for liberals:
I have one of those. Benchmade, spring-button action. Awesome knife. Carry it int he open every day! I'm so scary!
Well, I dunno. There are plenty of teachers / administrators that I'd not trust with pocket LINT, never mind a pocket KNIFE. The admins who suspended this guy, come immediately to mind.
NO NOT stupidty. Evil. This is just to set us up for the coming concentration camps. They have to brainwash a generation to be docile and to surrender promptly. This is intentional. It has nothing to do with "stupidity". It is a conscious plan to insure there are no more wolves among the sheep.
It is a lot easier to fill the gulags under a socialist totalitarian tyrant if he doesn't have to deal with a lot of people fighting back. They are grooming the sheep.
It is intentional and brilliant, not stupid at all.
He has no basis and would lose. Most campuses have zero tolerance rules. If the campus rules are NO weapons, NO drugs, they can define those to be anything they want. The teacher can sue but he will lose a bunch of money and still face the suspension.
Disclaimer: Opinions posted on Free Republic are those of the individual posters and do not necessarily represent the opinion of Free Republic or its management. All materials posted herein are protected by copyright law and the exemption for fair use of copyrighted works.


text:
Bright & Brilliant Blood Oranges with Rosemary & Asparagus
These gems are oh, so juicy and SO delicious!
- 4 medium blood oranges
- 1/4 c. extra virgin olive oil
- 2 Tbs. fresh rosemary, minced
- 1/2 tsp. Himalayan sea salt
- 1/4 tsp. freshly ground pepper
- 2 lbs. fresh asparagus
- Slice 3 of the oranges in half, and then juice with a citrus juicer. Combine blood orange juice with extra virgin olive oil, fresh rosemary, salt, and pepper in a jar. Cover tightly and shake to combine. Set aside.
- Meanwhile, trim and halve asparagus. Over boiling water, steam 3-4 minutes, until bright green and just beginning to soften. Immediately transfer to ice cold water and drain, to cease the cooking process. Allow to cool. Thinly slice remaining blood orange and toss with asparagus and reserved orange juice and olive oil mixture to "dress." Garnish with fresh rosemary and additional (+) salt and pepper, if desired.


text:
When the U.S. Department of Transportation made its decision against applying tolls on I-80, many of its users breathed a sigh of relief.
"We think it's in the best interests of everyone that an existing interstate, which is being paid for, is not tolled," says Jim Runk, President of the Pennsylvania Motor Truck Association.
Governor Ed Rendell supported the tolls, since it would have made $922 million available by the beginning of the fiscal year to use toward bridge and road repairs. But Runk says the fairest way fund highway repairs and maintenance would be to raise the fuel tax.
"About 99 percent of the money that's collected goes into the building or maintenance of highways, as opposed to about 20 to 25 percent if it was tolled it would go towards administration costs," he says.
However, Rendell argues that it may be difficult to consider since some legislators are up for re-election.
Wednesday, April 7, 2010
No Tolls for I-80
Posted by wduqnews at 10:47 AM
Labels: Interstate 80
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Join A.Raquel and Mahoghani Dawn TONIGHT as we talk about "Trending News" and discuss "Convincing Yourself - You Can, The Factors That Contribute to Obtaining What Your Soul Desires". Learn how to achieve what your goals by convening you mind that you can have, will have and have already achieved what you desire in your mind. Also, entertainment and celebrity blogger Ray Cornelius (www.raycornelius.com) will stop by the cafe' with the latest in Hollywood news.
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HOOKER, John Lee Never Get Out Of These Blues Alive
catalog number: CDMCAD31361
weight in Kg 0,107
Prices incl. VAT plus shipping costs
HOOKER, John Lee: Never Get Out Of These Blues Alive(1971 'ABC Records') (39:56/07)
|HOOKER, John Lee - Never Get Out Of These Blues Alive Medium 1
|Hit The Road
|Country Boy
|Boogie With A Hook
|TB Sheet
|Letter To My Baby
|Never Get Out Of These Blues Alive
Artikeleigenschaften von HOOKER, John Lee: Never Get Out Of These Blues Alive
Interpret: HOOKER, John Lee
Albumtitel: Never Get Out Of These Blues Alive
- Format CD
- Title Never Get Out Of These Blues Alive
Label MCA
- weight in Kg 0.107
Artist description "Hooker, John Lee"
John Lee Hooker
After nomadically label-hopping for the first seven years of his astonishingly prolific recording career, Mississippi Delta émigré John Lee Hooker settled into a relatively exclusive relationship with Chicago's Vee-Jay Records in 1955. Things had changed dramatically on the R&B front since 1949; no longer would a haunting solo blues piece like the Hook's Boogie Chillen (it's on BCD 16921, Disc One) find its way to the top of the charts now that rock 'n' roll had captured the teenage demographic.
Still, there remained a solid southern market for blues, and John Lee was happy to help fill it on Vee-Jay through 1964 (granted, there were dalliances with a number of other labels during that span). His first Vee-Jay date, conducted in Chicago in October of '55, found him in the company of labelmate Jimmy Reed, guitarist Eddie Taylor (a steadying presence for both Reed and Hooker whenever they entered the studio), bassist George Washington, and drummer Tom Whitehead, who had been playing sessions with the Boogie Man since 1953 and clearly knew the territory.
Reed was absent for Hooker's Vee-Jay encore session, held March 27, 1956, but the rhythm section remained constant. Among the enduring gems laid down that day was the rollicking Dimples, a standard in John Lee's repertoire from then on. He's listed as writing it with Jimmy Bracken, the co-owner of Vee-Jay. Hooker was fretting an electric guitar instead of the acoustic he used on his first Detroit sessions (ironically, he'd have to retrieve it when the folk-blues trend hit).
Hooker's Vee-Jay stint produced some of the most polished recordings he ever made, thanks to stellar musicianship by Taylor and his comrades, who seemed to cope with Hooker's erratic timing better than just about anyone else he'd recorded with. At the end of 1958, John Lee would find his way back onto the R&B charts for the first time in more than seven years with I Love You Honey. He scored nationally again in 1960 with No Shoes. But as it turned out, the John Lee Hooker story was just getting underway.
Bill Dahl
Chicago, Illinois
Electric Blues 1939-2005. - The Definitive Collection!


text: I'm not a trained biologist, but the spawn-or-die is what I've heard as well. There was fee lake in oregon that added spawning water so the fish would grow bigger. I don't remember if they pumped water up to create the stream, or if they created a bed for an existing spring, etc.


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At John Clare Pianos, you will receive only piano tuning, repairs and services of the highest quality.
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Want to put your old piano to use again? Does your piano require tuning? John Clare Pianos is at hand to help.
You may not be aware that a piano is crafted with over 5000 working parts. As you can appreciate, therefore, piano tuning is a skill acquired over many years of practice and learning. Get in touch with me to enquire as to how I can help you.
Piano tuning £45 in Lytham St. Annes and Blackpool
Fleetwood: £48
Kirkham: £53 and Preston: £58
Why is piano tuning important?
Tightens the strings to bring the pitch of the tuning to the correct frequency
Regular tuning and checks save you from more extensive and expensive damage in the long term
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Kids love Halloween. They get dressed up and get free candy. What a perfect holiday. Be careful though, Halloween night is not as safe as it use to be to let kids walk the streets alone. Send a responsible adult or older teenager with them. To give your children a fun filled evening and some precious Halloween memories that they'll have for life, just follow a few simple safety tips and by using common sense this Halloween should be safe and hopefully happy for everyone in Carroll County.
City to pave three alleys in Carrollton
Carrollton City Council voted at a special meeting Friday, Oct. 24 to pave three alleys at a total cost of $21,900.
The alleys to receive the work are located between Sixth and Seventh streets between Clay and Polk streets; between Sixth and Seventh streets between Sycamore and Seminary streets; and between Ninth and 10th Streets between Sycamore and Seminary streets.
Attorney General Jack Conway announced the successful implementation of an electronic warrant management system — eWarrants — in the 15th Judicial Circuit, which covers Carroll, Grant and Owen counties.
The Attorney General's Office funded implementation of eWarrants in the 15th Judicial Circuit under a $3.9 million American Recovery and Reinvestment Act grant awarded to the Office of the Attorney General in 2009.
There were a host of winners announced during the Carroll County Tobacco Festival.
Nancy McMahan and Patty Moore each won gifts from the promotional tent at the event, according to organizers. They received a country ham and a gift card from Rapid Fire Auction Services LLC.
Mason & Mefford Auto Sales also raffled office a $400 gift certificate for free tires, which was won by Kim Polley.
The fourth annual Shop with a Cop Poker Run is Oct. 30, beginning at the front entrance to General Butler State Resort Park. Sign-in begins at 9 a.m. and the run will begin at 11 a.m. The cost is $15 for singles, $20 per couple and $5 for extra poker hands.
Fiscal court donates to fire safety ed drive
Carroll County Fiscal Court approved a donation of $350 at its Oct. 11 meeting to Carrollton Fire Department for the purchase of fire safety educational materials that will be passed out in the schools. Carroll County Judge-Executive Harold "Shorty" Tomlinson said the materials are sent home with students as part of the fire prevention program. He said the county has contributed in past years. The county's contribution will provide materials for 200 students.
Rock-and-roll oldies filled the air at the Historic English Schoolhouse as the Carroll County Chamber of Commerce honored local residents during the 14th annual awards and recognition banquet Thursday.
The evening began with classics played by the Kentucky Kruizers to prepare those attending for two performances by Elvis impersonator Todd Bodenheimer.
While Elvis was "in the building," the stars of the night were the winners of the chamber's community service, community impact and beautification awards.
Expect to be chilled and thrilled as the Carroll County High School drama club presents the works of classic author Edgar Allan Poe in their fall production. The show will be performed on Friday, Oct. 28 for the student body and at 2 p.m. and 7 p.m. Saturday, Oct. 29 for the public in the high school cafeteria. Tickets are $5 for adults and $3 for students.
Copyright © 2017
The News-Democrat is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Carroll County, KY and the surrounding area.


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Charles Russell has instructed Barlow Lyde & Gilbert (BLG) to defend a £4m claim brought against it by a former client.
The claim has been filed by Trethowans partner Richard Cook on behalf of former Charles Russell client Professor David Youlton, the former chairman of digital television company Snell & Wilcox.
Youlton initially launched a claim last May, alleging that Charles Russell had given him negligent advice when he was ousted from Snell & Wilcox's board.
That action was stayed until this year because Youlton, in his role as a trustee of the company's pension scheme, had another claim against the firm.
That claim centres on advice Charles Russell gave the trustees on a property-related dispute with Snell & Wilcox's board. The property was owned by the pension scheme, but was leased to Snell & Wilcox's board as the company's headquarters. According to the claim, the television company refurbished the property at a cost of £2.9m, which it believed the trustees should pay.
The claim alleged that Charles Russell drafted an agreement between the trustees and the company to resolve the dispute, but that the two trustees who signed the document did not have authority to enter into the agreement.
In addition, Youlton argues that Charles Russell was negligent because it allegedly failed to recognise a conflict of interest between the trustees and the company directors.
Trethowans' Cook has instructed 4 New Square's Hugh Evans QC for Youlton. BLG partner Joseph Arazi has instructed Ben Hubble QC, also of 4 New Square, for Charles Russell.


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Bridging the Gap challenges your engineering abilities and your skills as a team player. One of Jambar's trademark creative activities, this indoor challenge sees you and your teammates tasked with building a section of elevated racetrack out of simple materials.
At the start of this activity, teams are assigned a segment of racetrack with strict specifications. It's up to you and your teammates to translate the materials at hand – such as dowels, tape, and cardboard – into a functioning roadway. The build phase will see your team bonding and forging new relationships as players race to build their section of bridge in the time allowed.
Following the build phase, the segments of track are chained together to form a full racetrack. Teams then present their work to one another, and each team is judged on their design and engineering results. Then remote control cars are brought out, and teams engage in a mini-Grand Prix! Will you and your teammates burn rubber, or simply crash and burn?
Elevate your next corporate function with this exciting activity and build bridges between you and your colleagues.
As with all of our activities, Jambar offers customised content for Bridging the Gap. Talk to us about making this event completely unique for your team.
- Each team builds a section of elevated track that must meet specific requirements.
- Players try to beat the clock and get their section built on time.
- Teams bring their sections together and face off in a race with remote control cars!
- Players learn to make the most of available time and resources.
- Tight deadline rewards and encourages communication between teammates.
- Unexpected developments force teams to cope with and overcome obstacles.


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Maurice Ravel was commissioned to write a score based on the ancient Greek story of Daphnis and Chloe in 1909 by the ballet impresario Serge Diaghilev. He decided to compose 'a huge musical fresco, concerned less with archaism than with faithfulness to the Greece of my dreams'. Daphnis et Chloé, which Stravinsky later described as 'not only Ravel's best work, but one of the most beautiful products of all French music', is here performed by the Rotterdam Philharmonic Orchestra and Yannick Nézet-Séguin, a team with the best possible credentials for realizing the full spectrum of this sumptuous music – from the idyllic evocation of dawn in Lever du jour to the orgiastic Danse générale which closes the work. If Daphnis et Chloé is one of Ravel's most highly regarded works, his Pavane pour une infante défunte is one of the most popular. The brief piano piece from 1899 was orchestrated by the composer in 1910, while he was working on Daphnis. Its profound melancholy has caught the imagination of listeners ever since.
This is a prestige issue if ever there was one, not so much for its music (though in fact this very apt coupling is not otherwise available) as for its presentation and aural glamour. Naturally DGG is proud to have its new contract with the Boston Orchestra, and the German engineers have done marvels in a new environment at capturing the characteristic Boston sound.
First performed in Paris in 1747 – a time when the tragédie lyrique, the genre which Lully had brought to its peak, was already in evident decline – Daphnis et Chloé is a pastorale within which lurks a ballet with a bergère storyline, and which is blessed with a plot which, although mythological in content, is of great lightness; this neatly matched the taste of the nobility of the time and even more so that of Madame de Pompadour with its recreation of an idealized pastoral world… By then the taste for Boismortier's music had gone stale… until now!


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Hall heads to New Meadow
Birmingham youngster Asa Hall has joined Shrewsbury on loan until the end of the season.
Last Updated: 16/01/08 9:31am
Birmingham City youngster Asa Hall has joined Shrewsbury Town on loan until the end of the season.
Hall, who can play in defence or midfield, has yet to make the first-team breakthrough at St Andrews.
He has now been allowed to build up his experience with a stint in League Two at Shrewsbury.
The 21-year-old has previous experience of the division after spending the second half of the 2005/06 campaign on loan at Boston United.
Shrews boss Gary Peters has been active in the transfer market of late, having also brought in the likes of James Meredith, Guy Madjo and Keith Briggs.


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Mor Toma, pray for us
Expand Messages
- The evil one wails,
"Where thencan I flee from the righteous?
I incited Death to kill the apostlesas
if to escape from their scourgesby their death.
More than ever now
I am scourged harshly.
The apostle I killed in India[has come]
to Edessa before me.
Here is he and also there.
I went there, there he is.
Here and there I found him,
and I am gloomy.
Did that merchant carry the bones?
Or perhaps, indeed, they carried him
Carmina Nisibena (42:1.1-2.2, Kathleen McVey, Ephrem the Syrian, Paulist Press, 1989, p. 25):
His relics were moved from Edessa later and rediscovered in this century at the Syriac Orthodox Church of Mosul by His Holiness Mor Ignatius Zakka I while he was the Archbishop of Mosul.
The Church commemorates the memory of St. Thomas on July 3rd. The date marks the transfer of the remains of the Apostle to Edessa. The Church in India also commemorates the Apostle on the New Sunday after Easter, on December 18th when the Apostle is believed to have been speared, and on December 21st when he attained martyrdom.
Patriarch H.H. Ignatius Zakka I in an encyclical dated October 20, 1987, added the name of "Apostle Thomas, the preacher of the Holy Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ in India" to the the fourth diptych (Syr. tubden) in the Malankara Church.
Mor Toma, pray for us
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TOWIE's Sam Faiers completes transformation by ditching blonde locks
TOWIE star Sam Faiers has ditched her platinum blonde locks and revealed her new elegant transformation.
The TV personality was almost unrecognisable as she showed off her newly-dyed chocolate brown hair, scraped back from her face in a sophisticated up-do in London last night.
The 23-year-old is currently battling Crohn's Disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that causes inflammation of the lining of the digestive system.
But Sam pushed her worries aside last night and posed for the paparazzi on the red carpet of the Everyday Heroes event, which honours those who have saved lives through first aid.
In keeping with her newly-adopted classic vibe, the starlet donned a black fishtail Arielle Couture gown from girlmeetsdress.
She struck a confident pose in the floor-trailing satin frock inside the Lancaster London venue, showing off her sun-kissed skin in the off-the-shoulder design.
The star let her dress take the limelight, accessorising with just a simple hexagon pendant necklace.
She teamed the Hollywood-style number with black strappy heels covered in dustings of gold sequins and painted her toenails luminous pink.
Sam's new hair colour was showcased in a neatly layered bun and her make-up emphasised her smouldering eyes with smoky eye shadow and delicate flicks of black eyeliner.
Her cheeks were lightly rouged and her lips were coated with lashings of nude lip-gloss.
Earlier this week, Sam was spotted alongside the cast of The Only Way Is Essex, with the gang wearing an assortment of colourful 80s-style gear.
Her blonde dip-dye hair colour was still in place and her tresses had been crimped for the throwback look.
She was filming at an Essex fitness studio and donned fuchsia pink leg warmers and an old fashioned over-sized scrunchie.
Sam was diagnosed with the bowel disease after the programme's doctor thought she could be suffering from irritable bowel syndrome and gave her some medication to relieve the symptoms.
''It was awful to have it in the Big Brother house, for nearly a month I couldn't hold any food or drink down,'' she told ITV's This Morning.
''I was in the shower and noticed that the weight was just falling off me,'' she added.
Her shocking diagnosis has brought the reality star closer to her ex-boyfriend and fellow co-star Joey Essex, with rumours the pair could be rekindling their romance.
The pair have been posting social media messages suggesting that their relationship is back on track.


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|Half Baths
|1,500 sq. ft.
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|5 nights
Located just off S. Kihei Road - the house is convenient to the airport and all Maui attractions. Just north of Wailea on Kamole Beach 1, the house is situated between 2 fantastic beaches: Cove and Charlie Young. Charlie Young Beach is perfect for early morning walks, swimming and snorkeling. Cove Park is the ideal place for surf lessons, canoeing, and watching the sunset. Both beaches are 1/2 block from the house. A wide variety of restaurants, shops and a groceries store are only a short walk, and championship golf is nearby.
Beautifully built and furnished, with 3 bedrooms, and 2 baths. Sleeps 8, and would be spacious for 6. Ideal for a family, two couples with children, or honeymooners wanting a luxurious living space, great location, privacy and a cook's kitchen. This is a big step up in quality from renting a condo without a big step up in price! Once you try this, you will never be satisfied with a condo or hotel room again!... :)
We stayed at the house from 9/30 - 10/6. We were in Maui for my wedding in 10/5. It well exceeded all of our expectations. The house was extremely clean, beautifully decorated and well equipped, we didn't miss a thing. The lawn chairs, beach umbrella, snorkeling gear and boogie boards really came in handy. Very spacious for our group of 6 adults. My husband and I got a different condo for our second week/honeymoon and it was not nearly as comfortable or as clean as the beach house was. We cannot wait to come back again someday, it really felt like our home away from home!
The house is wonderful: spacious and relaxing. Everything we looked for, that we might want, seemed to be there. We were 7 people including 2 elderly people, and the location was perfect. Things like stores and restaurants were close enough that everyone could walk to them. One teenager decided to learn to surf, and the most popular place in Kihei for lessons is a 5 minute walk. Walk 5 minutes the other way and there's swimming and snorkeling. We had a fantastic time.
The house is an absolute gem. Half block from great beach and close to park for kids.
Wow....fantastic property, half a block away from Charlie Young Beach which had soft sand, shade when you wanted it, and turtles to watch! (and...the walk was without crossing any roads!)
The property was comfortable and well maintained. It fit the needs of our family attending a wedding. We loved having a beautiful beach nearby to walk to.
The house is even better than the pictures. Functional, beautiful and great location. I was a little worried about the distance to the beaches but Charley Young Beach was literally a 2 minute walk. We had torrential rain one day complete with lightening and thunder which was great to watch from the front lanai. Lots of cafes, watering holes, shops, and a great shoreline running path. We were a group of 8 adults with one infant and never felt crowded. Used the washer/dryer quite often and cooked most of our dinners at the house. Considering making this house an annual destination!
Park your car at the house and you may not need it for the rest of your vacation -- beaches, shopping, movies, restaurants, night clubs, bars, swimming, golf, surfing, hiking, touring, biking are all a short walk.
|Refundable damage deposit
|$170 + Tax
|Tax Rate
Christmas/New Years* $525/night ($3465/week)
Christmas Holidays $525/night ($2765/week)
* 9 night minimum for any reservation overlapping Christmas Day or New Years Eve. 14 night minimum if reservation overlaps both.
Until confirmed, rates are subject to change without notice.


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8/27 Gourlay Street St Kilda East 3183 VIC
Smart St Kilda East Opportunity
Set back at the rear of a boutique block of only eight. This stylish first floor, one bedroom apartment boasts immediately inviting interiors with a sun drenched living/dining domain, complemented by a contemporary kitchen featuring stainless steel appliances, split system and laundry facilities. Built-in robes and a polished ensuite bathroom with bathtub service a generous & bright double bedroom. Secure entry & an off-street carspace are an added attraction to this already appealing opportunity for entry level buyers or investors alike. Only a short walk to Carlisle Street Shopping precinct, Balaclava Station & Ripponlea Gardens.
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Buxton St Kilda
St Kilda VIC, 3182
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Real Estate For Sale in St Kilda East, VIC 3183 priced between $210,000 and $390,000


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Dedicated to their memory
To mark Memorial Day, The Elks Club displayed individual flags dedicated to the memory of loved ones in front of their lodge on Union Valley Road. The 3-by-5 foot flags are sponsored for $25 each. The Elks put them out on Memorial Day, Flag Day, 4th of July, September 11 and Veterans Day. The flags are placed in the morning and are taken in at sundown. Each is tagged with information that the sponsor wants on it, for example, the branch of service, rank, or where a service member was stationed. The flags are to honor living service members, in memory of a deceased one or as support of someone in the military. Some are for no one in particular, just a general sentiment expressed as God bless our troops. Sponsor forms are at the lodge,, which is located at 1860 Union Valley Road.
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Edelweiss Chalet Country Club
W4764 Edelweiss Road
New Glarus, WI 53574
Phone: 608-527-2315
Online Tee Times
Golf Course Information
Golf Course Information:
- Course: 18 Holes
- Course Type: Semi-Private
- Architect: Art Johnson
- Opened: 1968
- Season: April - Nov.
- Head Pro: Jeff Ellingson
- Back Tees: 6573 Yards
- Back Slope: 118
Edelweiss Chalet Country Club is a challenging 18 hole semi-private golf club which was constructed in 1968, with a nine hole addition in 1990. Edelweiss is located only 30 minutes from Madison, WI. Edelweiss features the rolling hills, mature landscape and the beautiful views that have made New Glarus a favorite amongst millions of tourists. The golf course has been designed and maintained to accommodate players of all skill and patience levels. We also have a fully stocked, full service golf shop to meet and exceed your expectations. Edelweiss offers every amenity you would expect to find at a private country club without the private country club prices. In addition to a full service golf shop, we also offer a full service bar and restaurant and both men's and women's locker rooms with showers. All at no extra cost to you!
Green Fees and Rates
Please call 608-527-2315 for current rates.
Membership Info Get A Golf Outing Quote Inquire About Wedding Info Inquire About Lessons
Driving Directions
Located south of New Glarus on Highway 69 to Valley View Road to Edelweiss Road Follow Edelweiss Road to club.
Green Fees and RatesCall 608-527-2315 for rates and tee times.
Tee Times & Reservations
Up to 7 days in advance.
Single, Family, Student and social options are available.
Inquire About Membership Options
Golf Pro Christmas Golf Sale - Hartford Golf Sale
Hartford Town Hall
3360 Highway k Hartford, WI
Easter Brunch - Camelot GC FREE GOLF
The Golf Club at Camelot
W192 State Rd 67 Lomira, WI
Mother's Day Brunch and FREE GOLF to all Women
Camelot Golf Club
W192 State Rd 67 Lomira, WI
"THE" Golf Outing - 14th Annual
The Golf Club at Camelot
W192 State Rd 67 Lomira, WI
10th Annual Toughest Pin Tournament
The Golf Club at Camelot
W192 State Rd 67 Lomira, WI
Golf Course Amenities
Par 3:
Driving Range:
Putting Green:
Water Hazards:
Sand Bunkers:
Pro On Site:
Homes On Course:
Golf Community:
Credit Cards:
GPS Carts:
Laser Link:
Rental Clubs:
Banquet Hall:
Locker Rooms:
Foot Golf:
Bent Grass
Outing Information
Edelweiss Chalet Country Club provides each and every golf outing the special attention it deserves. We will provide you with Professional Event Scoring, Custom Scorecards with player name and handicap, Golf Car Signs, Welcome Letter, Placement of Signage on golf course, Placement of Hole Events and Registration Materials. Our experienced staff truly cares about your golfing experience as well as your guests. Edelweiss Chalet Country Club welcomes events from 8 to 288 players.
We offer a catering menu with products and service that will exceed both your quality and value expectations. Edelweiss Chalet Country Club offers several location options for your dining pleasure. We have an outdoor patio which accommodates up to 60 guests, we have a bar room which seats up to 100 guests, we have an indoor dining room which accommodates up to 200 guests, or we can open up the bar and dining room and give you one big room that can seat up to 300 people. Each dining location has breathtaking views of the golf course as well as the New Glarus valley.
Golf Instruction and Lessons
Edelweiss has a PGA Professional staff for all your instructional needs. We will tailor your lesson package to meet your specific goals. We offer: private and group lessons, clinics and junior golf programs.
Private Lesson Rates: 30 minutes $45.00 - Series of 5 Lessons for $200
Wedding Information
Edelweiss Chalet Country Club offers a wide variety of options when you are planning your next Wedding Reception, Class Reunion, Holiday party or any type of gathering. Edelweiss Chalet is conveniently located 30 minutes from Madison, WI and 20 minutes from Monroe, WI. We have a dining room which seats up to 300 guests with a comfortable atmosphere, featuring large windows displaying stunning views of the golf course and Village of New Glarus. Our outdoor patio seats up to 60 guests with the same stunning view of the golf course. Our friendly, dependable staff is prepared to tailor your menu for your special event.
Inquire About Wedding Information
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Contact Edelweiss Chalet Country Club at 608-527-2315.
Restaurant and Dining Options:Contact Edelweiss Chalet Country Club at 608-527-2315 for onsite or nearby dining options.
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- Argue-ment Golf Course - New Glarus
- Edelweiss Chalet Country Club - New Glarus
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Executive at owner of Southern Railway quits to take charge of HS1
An executive of the owner of Southern Railway is to leave the company for a top job elsewhere in the industry.
Dyan Crowther, who has been chief operating officer at Govia Thameslink Railway during the industrial relations and staffing problems at Southern, will be the new chief executive at HS1, the railway between St Pancras International in London and the Channel Tunnel in Kent.
She will join next year, replacing Nicola Shaw, who left HS1 in May.
Ms Crowther said: "I am delighted to be taking on this role. High Speed 1 is the UK's only high speed line which has transformed rail travel through Kent and into the continent.
"Its growth and performance in the last nine years are testament to its success and I look forward to leading the business and helping continue this success for customers and passengers alike."
Rob Holden, chairman and acting chief executive HS1 Ltd added: "As someone who joined the rail industry as a graduate, Dyan's experience made her an extremely strong candidate.
"She has a strategic understanding of HS1 as a business and a vision to take it forward. We are looking forward to welcoming her here properly at the start of our 10th anniversary year."
Nick Brown, former managing director for London Underground at Transport for London, will replace Ms Crowther at Govia.
Charles Horton, chief executive at Govia, said: "Nick has a first class pedigree in the transport industry, a wealth of experience and a strong track record of leading businesses in the rail and bus sectors.
"Nick's broad experience and intimate knowledge of the sector makes him ideally placed to help us achieve our business goals and deliver a better railway and excellent service for our customers."
Mick Cash, general secretary of the Rail, Maritime and Transport union said: "The appointment of Nick Brown opens the door to the real possibility of a new approach and new talks over the threat to the role of the guards, and the sacrificing of passenger safety, on the Southern Rail services.
"The union will be writing to Mr Brown today paving the way for those talks to begin as soon as possible.
"With 14 days of strike action set up right into December there is no time to lose in getting genuine and meaningful talks back on track now that there is a new chief operating officer in place.
"The appointment of Dyan Crowther as the new CEO at HS1, switching from GTR, raises serious union concerns about the company objectives going forwards and the union will be seeking assurances that this move does not represent a threat to our members jobs, working conditions and the safety regime on the international high speed services."


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Supporters of Spencer County High School basketball came out Saturday night for a dinner and some short intersquad scrimmages as the teams prepare to tip off the 2017-18 seasons.
Copyright © 2017
The Spencer Magnet is your source for local news, sports, events, and information in Spencer County, KY and the surrounding area.


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Engagement rings have been the ultimate symbol of love for thousands of years. In ancient Egypt, they wore rings on the third finger of the left hand to mark where the "vein of love" went directly to the heart, starting a tradition that continues today. When pledging your love with a unique engagement ring, you are starting your own family tradition. The most important value factor to consider when shopping for white gold pear may birthstone engagement jewelry is the quality of the center stone. Gemvara hand-selects top quality conflict-free gems that are expertly cut for maximum beauty. The May birthstone, glowing green emerald, goes with everything, like green leaves accent every flower in the garden. Pear shape gemstones are sometimes called drop shapes, since the gorgeous tapering shape of this gem inspires a lot of designs with gemstone drops. The appeal of 14 karat white gold is as versatile as it is beautiful: it shines no matter the occasion. Gemvara also offers every design in premium 18k white gold, which is 75 percent pure for even more lasting value. All Gemvara white gold jewelry is rhodium plated for extra brightness. Our unrivalled selection of engagement rings by Jeet Palavwala, Bijoux & Bijoux, Damon Washington, and other talented jewelry designers means you can find an engagement ring that perfectly symbolizes your relationship. Clean white gold pear may birthstone engagement jewelry with mild dish soap: use a soft brush where dust collects. When taking off your engagement ring, don't pull on the gemstone: this won't damage the gem but it can, over time, stretch the metal that holds it in place, making the setting less secure. Be careful when removing your ring to wash your hands. Don't leave it on the rim of a sink where it can slip down the drain! Gemvara's fine quality white gold pear may birthstone engagement jewelry are designed to be passed down for generations to come, crafted by hand in the United States.
We can help right away. Chat with a jewelry expert now!


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Nigella Lawson 'gulped a cocktail of drugs' to stay up all night, says PA on trial
NIGELLA LAWSON gulped liquid anti-depressants from the bottle and took drugs so she could stay up all night writing recipe books, it was claimed yesterday.
Francesca Grillo, 35, told a court she saw daily evidence that Ms Lawson had taken cocaine and said she found drug debris after dinner parties.
Italian-born Grillo said the 53-year-old star had a continually runny nose, even in summer, and often had white powder on her nose, which she insisted was "make-up".
The former personal assistant said she "frequently" found rolled-up bank notes with white powder on them in the star's handbag.
Along with sister Elisabetta, 41, she is on trial accused of defrauding Ms Lawson and former husband Charles Saatchi, 70, of £685,000.
She said she first saw the rolled-up notes in the kitchen of her employer's Shepherd's Bush home in west London after a party and in a guest bedroom.
One of her jobs as Ms Lawson's aide was to exchange items between handbags and she would find rolled-up bank notes in them, she told Isleworth Crown Court in west London.
Asked by Karina Arden, defending, how often she found notes, Grillo said: "Frequently. Every time I went through her handbag there were some notes."
Asked if she ever raised the issue of drugs, she replied: "No. I didn't think it was my place."
I found rolled up bank notes with white powder on them
Ms Lawson, who allegedly suffered mood swings, would tell Francesca "you're good at finding things" and ask her to look for belongings in her bags, the jury heard.
She told the court Ms Lawson mislaid things "very often", adding: "Keys, her phone, her mustard. She likes to carry a tube of English mustard. I know it sounds weird."
Ms Lawson would sometimes come downstairs with white powder on her nose and Grillo would point it out, only to be told that it was make-up.
Grillo recalled how a child discovered a hollow book containing what she thought were drugs.
The defendant told the court: "It was a small plastic bag with white powder. I made up something."
Grillo said the book also contained jewellery belonging to Ms Lawson's late husband John Diamond.
She told the court: "I didn't speak to Nigella. I didn't think it was my place."
She said she found cannabis in a child's room and that the TV cook would gulp from bottles of medicine.
"Temazepam, Xanax... Ms Lawson had medication for depression. She would take it from the bottle."
Asked how frequently she would see Ms Lawson take medication in this way, Grillo said: "Very often. She had one bottle in the kitchen and one bottle in the bedroom.
"Especially when she was writing a new book, or her last book, she said she needed to work through the night because she was so busy and I think she needed help to stay up all night".
She said Ms Lawson later became "absent and grumpy", and had trouble sleeping. She said she did not mention the alleged drug use in her first police statement, but only after pictures emerged of Mr Saatchi and Ms Lawson at Scott's restaurant in Mayfair.
She said: "The one that stuck in my mind was the one of him picking her nose. Maybe he found something relating to drugs."
The court has heard the sisters bought clothes, shoes and luxury holidays on company credit cards.
The Grillos, of Kensington Gardens Square, Bayswater, west London, each deny committing fraud by using a company credit card between January 1, 2008, and December 31 last year.
Asked by Ms Arden if she thought she had ever done anything dishonest in relation to the credit card or the company taxi account, Grillo replied: "No...absolutely not."
Under cross-examination by prosecutor Jane Carpenter, Grillo described Ms Lawson as "extremely generous".
She said she had a wardrobe with about 10 dresses from the high-end fashion retailer Miu Miu, costing £300 to "several thousand" pounds.
Ms Carpenter pored over a list of credit card payments on Mr Saatchi's Conarco company account, alleging they were evidence of personal shopping trips for Grillo.
But the Italian insisted all spending was authorised.
The court heard of foreign trips to Europe and the US, including one five-day holiday in New York in 2009, which Grillo said was with the children.
When it was pointed out the holiday fell during what is normally term time, Grillo replied: "I don't really think they follow strict rules on school holidays."
The trial continues today.


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SUNY Chancellor, Nancy L. Zimpher officiated at the inauguration of SUNY Maritime College president, Rear Admiral Michael A. Alfultis, Ph.D.
A great leader never takes himself too seriously and the rear admiral set a fine example by referring to himself as a frustrated preacher during his short acceptance speech.
This inauguration was the culmination of a celebration for the investiture of Dr. Alfultis as the College's 11th president, and of Maritime College's 140th anniversary year.
This gorgeous coastline campus in The Bronx sponsored educational, historical and celebratory activities to honor its new president, as well as opportunities to embrace the campus' time-honored traditions of Learning and Leadership.
SUNY Maritime College is the oldest and largest of our great nation's seven maritime academies. In 1874 by the Marine Society of the City of New York established SUNY Maritime as a four-year college, which offers a solid academic program coupled with a structured cadet life in the regiment for both men and women, or a civilian program.
Maritime offers undergraduate and graduate degrees with the option of either US Coast Guard license or intern programs, summer training cruises abroad, ROTC options, and 15 varsity athletic teams. The College is located in New York City on a beautiful 55-acre campus with some of the best views of the New York skyline, the East River, and the Long Island Sound.
Dr. Alfultis' was appointment president of the campus at Fort Schuyler by the SUNY Board of Trustees.
Further information about this presidential inauguration can be found at:
SUNY Maritime College welcomes new president, 140th anniversary - News 12 Bronx http://bronx.news12.com/news/suny-maritime-college-welcomes-new-presiden... via @News12BX
SUNY Maritime College https://youtu.be/UPPCUteejxc via @YouTube
Photos: SUNY
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Through a special agreement with more than 800 newspapers worldwide, the Newseum displays these front pages each day on its website. The front pages are in their original, unedited form, and some may contain material that is deemed objectionable to some visitors. Discretion is advised.
Anyone seeking permission to use a front page must credit the Newseum and contact the newspaper directly for permission. U.S. copyright laws apply.


text: Human Rights Observatory Burundi's Economy Suffers After Weeks of Political Unrest The political crisis in Burundi is affecting an already struggling economy. International aid groups are threatening to pull out, unemployment is on the rise and prices of basic goods are increasing. At the warehouse of a rice supplier in Bujumbura, all activities abruptly stopped a few weeks ago. Policemen came and accused the manager of selling rice to protesters. The authorities immediately shut down the place, says a worker, who wished to remain anonymous to protect his privacy. He...Read complete article© Voice of America - Thursday, June 11, 2015


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Popular Piano Solos - Grade 5
By Various
Pop Hits, Broadway, Movies and More! John Thompson's Modern Course for the Piano Series. By Various. Arranged by Eric Baumgartner. Willis. Softcover. 48 pages. Published by Willis Music (HL.416695).
Item Number: HL.416695
ISBN 1423409086. 9x12 inches.
This book can be used on its own, as a supplement to John Thompson's Modern Cource for the Piano, or with any other piano method. 10 great arrangements: Be Our Guest • Cabaret • Georgia on My Mind • In the Mood • Let It Be • Linus and Lucy • Puttin' On the Ritz • Under the Sea • The Way You Look Tonight • What a Wonderful World.


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Lost Disc Mega Thread: Post your lost disc questions and stories here.
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Join Date: Sep 2010
Location: Everett, WA
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I tried to lose a disc yesterday, but moments after finding mine I found another one, unmarked, at SeaTac. I'm not going to tell you anything about it because I can use it and I don't trust you
, but if you lost a disc at SeaTac yesterday (Sunday, 7/29), PM me about it and I'll be happy to return it if it's yours. I play SeaTac every week and can easily get the disc to Lowell if that's what you prefer.
Sorry if there's a "found discs" thread. I always see this one so I'm posting here. If the person who lost it wants it badly enough they'll come here to post about it anyway.
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Come November, we'll find out if Disney truly can turn a Marvel property into an animated success. Starting with [Big Hero 6](movie:425271), the film about a boy and his robot.
But as you likely noticed in the trailer, Baymax is anything but your typical robot. Built by young genius Hiro Hamada, he's more marshmallow than metal, and we wanted to find out the secrets behind Baymax's design. First, let's see Baymax in action. Here's a brand-new clip of the film:
Director Don Hall (Winnie the Pooh) spoke a lot on making Big Hero 6 a new kind of animated film, even though it is adapted from a Marvel comic.
"When I was a kid, I loved Marvel comics. I was encouraged to explore the Marvel universe and one of the projects I found was called 'Big Hero 6.' I'd never heard of it, but I liked the title and its Japanese influences—it just sounded cool."
Hall went on to say that the studio encouraged him to take the idea of 'Big Hero 6' and "make it his own." That, of course, meant rethinking what makes Baymax a compelling character (even more than just a cool robot).
So Hall teamed up with researchers at Carnegie Mellon to learn more about robotics and how he could translate that into animation.
"We had some really great conversations about robots in pop culture. And I learned that they were actually researching soft robotics, including this vinyl arm that was inflatable and non-threatening. It could do simple things like brush somebody's teeth, but the possibilities were endless."
When you think of vinyl, you probably think of old records or what you learned about vinyl molecules in chemistry. Truthfully, we use vinyl for all sorts of materials. Flooring, walls, pipes, wires, the list goes on. As you can imagine it, vinyl is best characterized as soft, flexible material that is surprisingly strong. Hence, the structure of Baymax.
Hall admits that he liked the idea of a soft, non-threatening robot.
"A big part of this movie is that Hiro turns this compassionate nurse robot into a meched-out warrior with some dangerous consequences at stake."
Big Hero 6 opens in theaters November 7.


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10 Languages You've Never Heard Of
Sometimes it feels like we spend a lot of time talking about languages that everyone knows about. Your biggies. Your French, German, English, Chinese etc. But if only a tiny fraction of the world's languages make up for more than half of it's population, we must be missing something.
Amid these throngs of dominant state and global languages can be found the remnants of cultures that might be all but unknown; their people and ways of life forgotten, reviled or assimilated into mainstream society.
These little pockets of diversity can be found almost everywhere on Earth, but most of them go unseen or unheard by those of us who do not live nearby, and even some that lie right on our doorsteps are overlooked by their own neighbors.
Some readers may have heard of some of these languages, but I'd be willing to bet that most have not. This is not a call to arms nor a plea for revitalization; merely an attempt to reveal ten minority languages from around the world that deserve to have their names, and perhaps some of their stories, mentioned.
1). Cayuga belongs to the Northern Iroquoian language family – a division of languages native to the North East and at times part of the Northern Mid-West of what is now The United States.
The Cayuga people are native to the Finger Lakes region of Central New York. Today their language contains only about 250 fluent speakers located mostly in Southern Ontario along with several other First Nations peoples including the other five Iroquois nations in what is the largest communal native nation in Canada.
A growing revitalization effort has been in place since 1986, teaching the language in a full immersion setting to high school students and more recently elementary students with some success. Unfortunately Canada made a massive cut to their indigenous language immersion program funding several years ago that resulted in devastation for the Cayuga language.
Random fact: I was born and raised, and still live, in Ithaca, NY located at the Southern tip of Cayuga Lake and originally part of the Cayuga Nation. We grow up learning about the Cayuga and the Iroquois nations so this language, despite not being related to my own heritage, and despite its speakers no longer really living in New York, is somewhat special to me.
Check out the video for an opportunity to hear Cayuga and witness the revitalization efforts.
2). Daur is a Mongolic language spoken primarily in China and Mongolia by a bit fewer than 100,000 people out of a total ethnic population of around 134,000. Listed by UNESCO as "definitely endangered" the Daur people are, like so many other minority languages, succumbing to mainstream languages such as Mandarin and Mongolian. Daur has no written tradition, its people instead using either Chinese or Mongolian languages for the purposes of written communication.
Khorloogiin Choibalsan, a Mongolian dictator and communist leader who rose to power in the wake of the Soviet Union in the first half of the 20th century was an ethnic Daur. He is credited with turning Mongolia into the first satellite nation of the USSR and was very close with Stalin and responsible for many of the ethnic purges of various regional peoples. Nice guy, huh?
3). Homshetsi, sometimes considered to be a dialect of Armenian, is a minority language located in small pockets along the Eastern coast of the Black Sea in Turkey, Abkhazia and Russia.
Also classified as "definitely endangered" by UNESCO, the speaker count for this language remains mostly unknown, most likely due to state subjugation and the fragmented nature of the population that lives across multiple countries.
One Ethnologue estimate places the fluent population around 130,000 speakers, but this data seems speculative at best. Without a written tradition until the mid 1990s, Homshetsi (also called Hamshen) is only partially mutually intelligible with Western Armenian, making the lines between language and dialect – as always – rather blurry.
|Language map including the locations where Hamshetsi is spoken.
4). Nheengatu is a Native American language indigenous to Brazil. Unless you're Brazilian, this language is likely not one you've heard very much about. As with many endangered indigenous or minority languages – especially those located in the Amazon Rainforest, Nheengatu's speaker count is somewhat debatable. Ethnologue states that around 10,000 speakers of this language remain, primarily in North Western Brazil, Venezuela and parts of Colombia.
Nheengatu was actually created by Portuguese Jesuit missionaries in the 17th century in order to establish a lingua franca among the tribes that spoke over 700 languages that lived within Portuguese dominion. The language is primarily based on Tupi, an extinct indigenous language that inspired the occasional nickname "Modern Tupi".
5). Texistepec, Popoluca is a moribund language belonging to the Zoquean language family and native to the small community of the same name – Texistepec, located outside Veracruz, Mexico. With around 400 speakers, 100 of whom are native speakers,Texistepec ranks high among Mexico's many highly endangered languages.
It is believed that all speakers of this critically endangered language were over the age of 50 in 2000, making its chances of survival extraordinarily slim. Since then some reports have suggested that there may be as many as 240 speakers today due to revitalization efforts. Despite these efforts, the language appears to be failing as the younger generation is adopting Spanish rather than the language of their grandparents.
6). Selkup is a widely scattered Eastern Uralic language of around 1,500 speakers living in Northern Russia. The dialect continuum of Selkup is so vast that the speakers – spread over a very large yet sparsely populated region – are actually mutually unintelligible to one another.
Although almost 4,000 ethnic Selkups remain, virtually none of the younger population actively speak the language among themselves, favoring Russian instead. In the Northern regions in which Selkup is spoken, children are still taught the language through the fourth grade. Selkup, like most Russian minority languages, uses the Cyrillic alphabet.
Most of the languages in the Uralic family – shown below – are endangered or moribund, the most notable exceptions being Finnish, Estonian and Hungarian – none of which are classified as threatened. It would be reasonable to include most of this language family on a list of languages you've probably never heard of.
Only around 25 million speakers belong to this group, of which 14 million speak Hungarian, 5 million speak Finnish and 1.3 million speak Estonian. You see the problem here.
|Uralic Language Family Map with Selkup Shown in Orange
7). Ithkuil: Because every once in a while we need to include something different. Ithkuil is a constructed language, kind of like Esperanto, except that it was created with an entirely different goal in mind. This conlang is more of an exercise in theoretical and philosophical language and grammar construction than its auxiliary language counterpart.
Because of its nature, Ithkuil is often considered to be one of the most grammatically complex languages to have ever existed, to the point where it is unlikely that a natural language could compete – and that was kind of the point.
Created by John Quijada between 1978 and 2011, the language made its first appearance on the Internet in 2004 and has been ferociously rattling the brains of linguists, philosophers, hobbyists and conlangers ever since, particularly in Russia where the language experiences increased popularity. Currently there are no people able to speak Ithkuil fluently, including its creator, Quijada.
In case it wasn't obvious, Ithkuil isn't an endangered language. It doesn't have native speakers and therefore it cannot lose them. Just to be clear – I'm not suggesting you learn this language, you can try if you really want, but mostly that would be ridiculous.
Did I mention it looks like something straight out of science fiction?
8). Tosu (Duoxu) is the most endangered language on the Tibetan Plateau, a region with a few dozen indigenous languages besides Tibetan – essentially all of which are in danger of being supplanted by larger languages.
According to anthropologist Gerald Roche the number of Tosu speakers is now so low that it could "fit into a large SUV". With only 9 remaining speakers, the severity of this language's lifespan is no joke. Along with Tosu, 6 other severely endangered languages in Tibet altogether comprise an absurdly low number of speakers faced with total assimilation into the mainstream.
Tosu belongs to the Sino-Tibetan language family, along with Mandarin Chinese and many other East Asian languages.
Of this Roche says:
"The 7 most endangered languages each have less than 3,000 speakers. Less than 7,000 people speak these 7 languages in total. That's under half the people who visit the Louvre Museum on an average day".
-Gerald Roche
Watch this video for audio clips of various endangered Tibetan languages:
9). Wagiman is yet another morbidly moribund language with an absurdly low speaker count that makes you want to book a flight Down Under ASAP. Indigenous to Northern Australia, Wagiman can boast a whopping ten living speakers, all of them – you guessed it – not exactly spring chickens. Wagiman seems to cause some debate when it comes to classification.
The general consensus these days seems to identify the aboriginal language as an isolate, which is always fascinating, though some linguists have attempted to link it to the nearby Gunwinyguan language and its family.
Wagiman makes use of a relatively rare linguistic feature called a coverb; frequently associated with Northern Australian languages, Hungarian and Chinese. A coverb is an additional word that modifies a verb. Usually, coverbs are grouped with inflecting verbs from a closed class to then create a complex predicate. The coverb assists the actual verb in creating situational syntax.
|Location of the Andaman Isles
10). Bo (Great Andamanese/Indian) is an extinct language indigenous to India's Andaman Islands.The last Bo speaker, Boa Sr. died in 2010 at the age of 85(ish) having had no one to speak her native language with for over 30 years prior to her own death. Boa Sr. was forced to learn a new language – an Andamanese version of Hindi – in order to continue to communicate within her own community and country.
The Great Andamanese tribe that once boasted around 5,000 ethnic members in the 18th century, prior to colonization, can now claim only 52 individuals, mostly children, none of whom can speak the language of their ancestors.
The loss of this language is of significant anthropological and linguistic importance due to the relative isolation under which the Andamanese have lived for as many as 70,000 years.
The language's relative longevity gives evolutionary anthropologists and biologists, archaeologists, historical linguists and others a window into the early human migration across Southern Asia tens of thousands of years ago.
But go figure – Bo, as with most endangered indigenous languages, has never had a known literary tradition, and with the death of Boa Sr., the language is more or less lost to the world forever. Linguists worked with Boa Sr. to construct a dictionary towards the end of her life, but the work remains incomplete.
Check out the video to hear the language as spoken by its last speaker.
Endangered language documentation is truly an urgent race against time. Most of us will never take the time to learn a language that is not directly beneficial to our general surroundings; that doesn't have a relative abundance of speakers. Most of us do not belong to indigenous ethnicities and wilt under the suggestion that we should adopt these languages. And it's hard to blame us.
It is not my goal to tell you to run out and learn any of these languages; only to arouse interest in those that are dying and that have come before. Language documentation does not mean learning a language, it means writing it down.
Preserving the knowledge that would otherwise go unheard of. However it's a lot like counting all of the books in a library while the building burns down around us.
Are you learning any of these? Got more you'd like us to highlight? Leave a comment below!
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