text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 2, 1981
|Filing date
|Jul 2, 1979
|Priority date
|Jul 2, 1979
|Publication number
|Robert Menot, Robert E. Willard, Paul D. Griem, Guy E. Devine
|Original Assignee
|The Foxboro Company
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (62), Classifications (14), Legal Events (1)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to distributed, electronic process control systems having a number of remotely located stations interactively communicating in the control of a complex industrial process. More particularly, this invention relates to a method and apparatus for providing a secure, multimaster communication path among a plurality of remotely located stations of a process system.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The complexity of industrial processes being monitored and controlled has evolved from simple single control-loop processes to very complex processes often having hundreds of control loops. Industrial process control equipment has followed this evolution. From very simple analog controllers, today's process control equipment has developed into sophisticated electronic systems, often including digital computers.
One level of this sophistication is the use of distributed systems that call for individual stations to be remotely positioned throughout the process plant or centrally located, but separate from, the operator's control room. The stations are typically connected for communication with one another via a number of transmission cables stretching throughout the plant. As the process becomes more and more complex, the number of stations, and thus the cables, increases dramatically. This increase in cables greatly reduces system reliability, and increases system cost.
To reduce the number of cables, one prior art proposal teaches a polling technique in which all the stations are connected by a single cable, or by two cables if redundancy is desired.
A supervisory controller, typically a host computer, is centrally located and connected to all stations by the cable. The supervisory controller is the master of all communication and "polls" all stations according to their respective priorities to determine if the polled station wishes to communicate with another station.
If a station answers affirmatively, the supervisory controller acknowledges and waits until the communication is completed to restart its polling of the stations. If a station answers negatively, the supervisory controller polls the next station in line.
This technique is acceptable for use with processes having slowly varying process variables. It is not acceptable if the process variables change rapidly. For if the rate of change of a process variable is greater than the frequency at which its respective station is polled, variations in the variable may be missed, possibly causing a disruption or "bump" in the process under control. These bumps can cause severe safety problems, especially if an alarm limit indication is missed.
Two other factors negate the utility of this technique in a process control environment. First, the supervisory controller is a single-point-failure element. If the supervisory controller fails, all system communication, and thus process control, is disabled. Second, the stations, once allowed to communicate, may do so indefinitely, completely disabling communication by the other stations. This can also lead to missed indications, and more severely, to a complete loss of system communication due to the blocking effect of the then communicating stations. A loss of communication, which if produced, could completely disable all control of the process.
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method is provided for supporting communication among the stations of a distributed, electronic process control system according to a secure, multi-master technique. In one illustrated embodiment, a process communication link is disclosed which employs a station-initiated arbitration technique for granting to a selected one of the stations master control of system communication. Communication security is provided by a timer-based revocation scheme by which the link time-limits the grant of master control of system communication to a predetermined time-period.
Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide improved methods and apparatus for supporting communication among the stations of a distributed process control system. Other objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention will be pointed out in, or apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment, considered together with the accompanying drawings.
In order that the invention may be more thoroughly understood and readily carried into effect, the same will now be discussed more fully, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 illustrates a distributed, electronic process control system embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates the LOCAL mode of the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the link transaction protocol;
FIG. 4A illustrates the frame format as seen by the sending station;
FIG. 4B illustrates the frame format as viewed by the link;
FIG. 4C illustrates the frame format as viewed by the receiving station;
FIG. 5 illustrates the link port station interface;
FIG. 6A illustrates schematically a differential link port to station data line;
FIG. 6B illustrates schematically a differential link port to station control line;
FIG. 7 illustrates the station to link port timing diagram;
FIG. 8 illustrates the link port to station timing diagram;
FIG. 9 illustrates, in block diagram form, a link port;
FIG. 10 illustrates, in block diagram form, a link port controller;
FIG. 11 illustrates, in block diagram form, the request scanner;
FIG. 12 illustrates, in block diagram form, a link control station;
FIG. 13 illustrates, in flow-chart form, the operation of the link control station;
FIG. 14 illustrates, in block diagram form, a LCS controller;
FIG. 15 illustrates the frequency spectrum of the cable assembly 22;
FIG. 16 illustrates, in schematic form, a coupler;
FIG. 17 illustrates the state diagram for cable switching;
FIG. 18 illustrates dual-redundant process communication links.
Referring to the accompanying drawings, the present invention will now be discussed in detail.
FIG. 1 illustrates a distributed, electronic process control system 10 embodying the present invention. The system 10 includes a number of remotely located stations 12 interactively communicating via a process communication link 14 in the control of a process unit 16. The process unit 16 may comprise a single process having a large number of process conditions, such as a complex industrial process; or "clusters" of individual processes each having respective process conditions. The link 14 operates in a secure, multi-master mode which allows each station 12 to initiate and control system communication for a predetermined time-period.
Any of the stations 12 may receive a communication. Stations which have the additional ability to initiate a communication are termed "master-stations"; stations which do not have this ability are termed "slave-stations". Also, a station which initiates communication with another station is called the "master" during the time-period of its communication; the other station is called the "slave". Thus, a particular station may be a master during one communication, and a slave during another communication.
Each of the stations 12 includes a process control unit 18 and interface circuitry 20, as shown in FIG. 5. The process control units 18 may include:
(1) analog and digital control units for producing in response to a respective set-point signal a control signal for operating a corresponding process device thereby to effect the desired control of a respective process condition. An example of such a station/process device interaction is the application of an analog controller output for controlling a valve thereby to effect a desired change in the flow rate of a process stream.
(2) digital computers for calculating updated values of the set-point signals with changing process conditions and for effecting Direct Digital Control (DDC) over respective process conditions.
(3) video display terminals for presenting to an operator the status of the process unit or various control loops thereof, and
(4) data entry terminals for allowing operator control over the process.
Examples of such process control units may be found in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,971,000 and RE 29,685, assigned to the Assignee of the present application.
The interface circuits 20 provide their respective stations with means for acquiring master control of system communication, and once acquired, for interfacing with the link 14. The circuits 18 function as peripheral controllers for providing a compatible interface between their respective process units 18 and the link 14. Interface circuits of this type are commonly used in distributed control systems, and may be implemented in a number of different designs well-known to those skilled in the art. For examples of interface circuits see U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,971,000 and 4,001,807.
The link 14 employs a station-initiated arbitration technique for granting to a selected one of the stations 12 master control of system communication. In this manner, each station may request to initiate a communication at any time, rather than only at specified time-periods. Once a given station is selected as a master station it may communicate via the link 14 with one of the remaining stations individually, or with all of the remaining stations simultaneously.
Communication security is provided by a timer-based revocation scheme. The link 14 time-limits the grant of master control of system communication to a predetermined time-period. Thus, no station may retain control over system for communication for prolonged time-periods, thereby reducing the effective "wait" of a station to communicate.
The link 14 may be configured for two modes of operation-EXTENDED and LOCAL. As shown in FIG. 1, the link 14 is configured for EXTENDED operation and includes a transmission cable assembly 22, a number of link ports 24, and a link control station 26. EXTENDED operation is best utilized when the process unit 16 to be controlled has a large number of process conditions, and thus, a correspondingly large number of stations.
Conversely, if the process unit 16 to be controlled has a small number of process conditions, then LOCAL operation is more efficient. FIG. 2 illustrates the link 14 as configured for LOCAL operation.
From the station's point of view, the configuration of the link 14 is transparent. The stations 12 communicate with the link 14 in the same manner, whether the link is in an EXTENDED or LOCAL mode. The main difference between EXTENDED and LOCAL operation is the presence or absence of the link control station 26 and the transmission cable assembly 22. Due to the large number of stations in the EXTENDED mode, the link control station 26 is provided to support a second level of arbitration for resolving contention among groups of stations for master control of system communication. Thus, in EXTENDED mode two levels of arbitration are provided, one at the station level, and one at the group level.
System communication is generally request/reply, half-duplex, between a single master/slave pair. The exception is a simultaneous (BROADCAST) communication for which there is no reply. The link 14 operates at a 1 mbps rate using differentially encoded Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation.
The stations 12 communicate according to a predetermined protocol having basic frame format similar to Synchronous Data Link Control (SDLC), an IBM developed link level protocol. An explanation of SDLC is presented in "Synchronous Data Link Control: A Perspective," by R. A. Donnan and J. R. Kersey, published in IBM Systems Journal No. 2, 1974.
FIG. 3 illustrates the operation of the link's communication protocol to which all requests and replies must conform.
Three frame types are defined. They are: (1) REQUEST frame, (2) REPLY frame and (3) BROADCAST frame. The BROADCAST frame is used for simultaneous transmission from one station to all of the remaining stations, and does not have a reply.
Once a station becomes a master station (as described in detail below), it will initiate communication by sending a REQUEST frame. A REQUEST frame may or may not include data depending on the nature of the request. Unless the request was a BROADCAST frame, one of two reply types will be sent by the receiving station. The two types of replies are:
NORMAL REPLY--The master station sends a message to the slave. The slave performs the requested function and replies upon completion.
DEFERRED RESPONSE--The master station sends a message to the slave, and immediately upon receiving the message the slave replies signifying only the acceptance of the message. Some time later, after completion of the requested function, the slave initiates a message to the master station with the true response to the original request.
As shown in FIG. 3, a transmission followed by receipt of a reply, or the issuance of a BROADCAST frame by a master station constitutes a Link Transaction. A series of transactions by the same link master constitutes a Link Operation.
There are two timeouts associated with system communication. These timeouts are for security purposes to assure proper communication flow and include:
1. Link Hold Timeout (LHTO)--All link operations must be completed in this time period, or a termination signal (SREV), will be received by all stations actively engaged in the communications. Preferably, LHTO is 100 ms.
2. Reply Timeout (RPTO)--All requests that require a reply must begin to be received by the present Link Master within this time-period which is measured from the time the last bytes was transferred by the station; preferably, RPTO is 20 ms.
FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C illustrate the frame format defined by the link protocol at various points along the link 14. For purposes of clarity, the frame as viewed by the transmission cable assembly 22 will be discussed.
Two special bytes are defined in the frame to facilitate orderly message flow. The first is the FLAG BYTE positioned at the beginning and end of each frame. The FLAG BYTE is a unique combination of 8 bits (01111110) used for frame delimiting to provide variable length transmissions.
The second special byte is the NULL BYTE. This byte is also a unique combination of 8 bits, which is used to provide a "time-fill" function. That is, when a sending station cannot transmit at the link's data rate (1 mbps), NULL BYTES are inserted to fill the relative gaps in communication due to the slower transmission rate of the sending station. The insertion and deletion of the NULL and FLAG BYTES are provided for by the link ports 24.
The frame also includes address and information bytes, as well as transmission error checking bytes. These bytes are defined as follows:
______________________________________TO ADDRESS This is the address of the station to(TO ADDR) which the frame is being sent. The address length is 7 bits plus a parity bit.CONTROL CODE A code that specifies the nature of the(CTL CODE) frame. Table 1 defines typical control codes. Each code is 7 bits plus parity in length.FROM ADDRESS The address of the station from which(FROM ADDR) the frame is being sent. The length of the address is 7 bits plus parity.INFORMATION A variable length space for data repre- senting process station and control in- formation for transfer to the receiving station.LRC A position-sensitive, even-parity, error checking byte. Parity is accumu- lated on all bytes in the frame except FLAGS, NULLS, and CRC bytes (see below).BLOCK CHECK A 16 bit, Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC)(CRC) error check code. The CRC is accumula- ted on all bytes in a frame except FLAGS and NULLS.PARITY BITS The parity bits shown in exploded view in FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C are odd parity______________________________________
TABLE 1______________________________________TYPICAL CONTROL CODESMNE-MONIC NAME STATION USAGE______________________________________SSS Send Station Status Request Data from SlaveSBM Send a Block Message Request Data from SlaveCSS Copy Station Status Transmit Data to SlaveCBM Copy Block Message Transmit Data to SlaveETC Execute this Command Control of SlaveDRC Deferred ResponseACK Acknowledge Slave ReplyNAKX Negative Acknowledge Slave ReplyWACK Wait Acknowledge Slave ReplyIMOK I am OK StatusBCBM Broadcast, Copy a Transmit to all Slaves Block MessageBETC Broadcast, Execute Control of all Slaves This Command______________________________________
The link ports 24 provide the interface for the stations 12 to the link 14. Each link port provides access to the link for a respective number or group of stations, and includes, as shown in FIG. 5, a Station Interface Unit (SIU) 28, and a Link Interface Unit (LIU) 30.
There exists between each station and link port a dedicated interface comprising, on the station side, interface circuitry 20, and on the link port side, an SIU 28. These units communicate via 23 pairs of data and control lines 32. Each line 32 is of a differential nature, having a respective driver and receiver. Preferably, each pair of lines 32 is made through a shielded cable having its shield connected to electrical common at the link port side of the interface. A typical station to link port interface is shown schematically in FIGS. 6A and 6B.
The data and control lines 32 include handshaking lines 34, Transmit Data Control lines 36, Receive Data Control lines 38 and an 8 bit, parallel data bus 40.
The handshaking lines 34 are related to the mastership control and security functions of the link 14, and include a STATION REQUEST FLAG (SREQ), a STATION GRANT FLAG (SGRAN), and a STATION REVOCATION (SREV) signal. These lines are only used by master stations and function as follows:
______________________________________STATION REQUEST This flag is activated by the station'sFLAG (SREQ) interface circuitry 20 to indicate its desire to become a master station.STATION GRANT This flag is activated by a link portFLAG (SGRAN) to indicate to a requesting station its selection as a master station.STATION REVOCA- This is activated by the link portsTION SIGNAL (SREV) to indicate a violation of the LHTO period. Any station receiving this signal (i.e., the master station and its associated slave(s)) will immediately cease communication.______________________________________
The Transmit Data Control Signals 36 and the Receive Data Control Signals 38 are activated to control the bi-directional transfer of data across the interface. Data is transferred in a byte serial, bit parallel fashion. For purposes of convention only, the terms "output data" and "input data" will refer to data flow with respect to the stations 12. Thus, "output data" indicates data flow from a station to a link port and "input data" indicates flow from a link port to a station.
The Transmit Data Control Signals 36 have the following functions:
______________________________________STAP Station Present - This signal indicates the availability of the station for communication. When false, all communication with the station is disabled.SENB Send Enable - This signal is station activated concurrent with the leading edge of data being placed on the bus 40, and remains active for the duration of the entire communications. SENB is deactivated concurrent with the trailing edge of LBO (see below).OBP Outgoing Byte Present - This signal is activated by a station whenever a data byte is placed on the bus 40 for transmission to another station. The link port will transfer the byte by activa- ting OBS (see below).OBS Outgoing Byte Strobe - activated by the link port in response to OBP to cause a byte-transfer. The station may send another byte (i.e., acti- vate OBP) any time after OBS is deactivated.LBO Last Byte Out - activated by a station concur- rent with OBP when the final byte in the com- munication frame has been placed on the data bus 40.______________________________________
The Receive Data Control Signals have the following functions:
______________________________________RENB Receive Enable - Activated by the link port to indicate to a station the start of a data transfer from the link port.IBP Incoming Byte Present - Activated by the link port whenever a Byte is presented on the data bus for transfer to the station. The transfer is accomplished when the station activates IBS (see below). Once IBS is activated, IBP is deactivated.IBS Incoming Byte Strobe - Activated by the station in response to IBP to transfer the byte from the link port to the station.LBI Last Byte In - activated by the link port con- current with IBP to indicate that the byte is the last byte in the communication frame.BCER Block Check Error - activated by the link port concurrent with LBI to indicate a failure of Block Check.MB Missed Byte - activated by the station to indi- cate that one or more bytes were "missed". This will result whenever a station has failed to keep up with the IBP signals. MB is not func- tional during a simultaneous (BROADCAST) transmission.PER Parity Error - activated by the link port con- current with IBP to indicate a parity error in the frame. Should a PER occur, the station will ignore the remainder of the frame and make no reply.______________________________________
FIG. 7 illustrates the timing diagram for a station-to-link port transfer. For purposes of the present discussion, it will be assumed that the station in question has been previously selected as a master station. The station initiates the transfer by raising its SENB line which causes the link port to send a preamble. At the completion of the preamble, the link port samples the OBP line and continues the sampling once per transferred byte. If OBP is true, a byte is transferred and OBS is sent to the station; if false, a NULL byte is transmitted. To terminate the output transfer the station provides an LBO concurrent with the last OBP and then drops SENB. If the station wishes to ABORT a transmission, it just drops SENB without providing an LBO.
In FIG. 7, the following timing relationships are illustrated:
t1 : is the maximum time allowed for a station to send the first byte of a frame following SENB going true. A large station latency here will cause a NULL byte to be inserted. A typical value of t1 is 8.5 microseconds.
t2 : is the maximum time a station may take to send the next byte. A large station latency here will cause a NULL byte to be inserted. A typical value of t2 is 5.5 microseconds.
t3 : time required for the link port to accept the first byte. A typical value of t3 is 80 microseconds.
t4 : maximum time a station may take to drop SENB after receiving an OBS. If this time is exceeded the link port will interpret the continuing SENB as an intent to send a new message, and thus, will send a new preamble. A typical value of t4 is 24 microseconds.
FIG. 8 illustrates the timing diagram for a link port to station data transfer. The link port initiates the transfer by raising its RENB line and provides a series of IBP pulses, one for each byte to be transferred. The LBI line is activated concurrently with the last IBP to terminate the transmission. If a parity error (PER) or block check error (BCE) occur, then PER or BCER signals respectively will be transmitted, concurrent with the LBO signal. In FIG. 8:
t5 : the time existing after RENB is activated but before the first IBP occurs. Typically, the value of t5 falls in the range of 1 to 5 microseconds.
t6 : the time RENB will remain true following an IBP. Typically, the value of t6 is in the range of 1 to 6 microseconds.
t7 : the maximum latency allowable after an MB to avoid interference with the following message.
As shown in FIG. 1, the link 14 is configured for EXTENDED operation and includes, as stated previously, the transmission cable assembly 22, the link ports 24 and the link control station 26. The transmission cable assembly 22 provides the main communication path for link, and thus system communication. When the link 14 is in an EXTENDED configuration, the stations 12 gain access to and master control of the cable assembly 22 according to a bi-level arbitration scheme. The link ports 24 provide the first level of arbitration, and the link control station 26 provides the second level of arbitration. The link control station 26 also provides the security function of time-limiting the grant of master control over system communication to a predetermined time-period.
FIG. 9 illustrates, in block diagram form, a link port 24 including the Station Interface Unit (SIU) 28 and the Link Interface Unit 30. Each SIU comprises a number of station drivers/receivers 42, Send/Receive Logic (S/R) 44, a data multiplexer 46 and a Link Port Controller (LPC) 48. The station drivers/receivers 42 provide the differential drive for the data and control lines 32.
The Send/Receive logic (S/R) 44 and the data multiplexer 46 comprise the main subsystems of the SIU. The S/R logic performs the functions of FLAG and NULL byte insertion/deletion, error code generation and checking, and station address insertion/deletion. The data multiplexer performs the functions of serial-to-parallel and parallel-to-serial conversion. Also, in LOCAL mode, as will be described in detail below, the data multiplexer 47 couples to a local transmission cable.
The Link Port Controller (LPC) 48 coordinates communication to and from its link port. The LPC acts as liaison between its link port's stations and the Link Control Station (LCS) 26, as well as, the transmission cable assembly 22.
The main function of the LPC 48 is to arbitrate contention among the stations connected to its link port. In providing the first level of arbitration, the LPC continually scans the STATION REQUEST FLAGS (SREQ) of its respective stations according to their priorities. Preferably, each station is given equal priority (i.e., a round-robin scan) such that all stations have equal opportunity to communicate via the link. In this manner, no station or groups of stations will dominate the link.
For a round-robin scan, the scan sequence is from Station O to Station N and back again to Station O, where N is the number of stations connected to the link port. When an active STATION REQUEST FLAG is sensed, the LPC halts its scanning sequence and determines at what step the scanning has stopped. The number of the step will correspond to the number of the requesting station.
The LPC 48 then issues a GROUP REQUEST FLAG (GREQ) indicating the presence of a requesting station in its group.
The GREQ flag is propagated to the link port's Link Interface Unit (LIU) 30. The LIU 30 will then transmit a GROUP REQUEST TONE to the LCS 26 via the transmission cable assembly 22. Each of the link ports 24 is provided with a separate GROUP REQUEST TONE of a predetermined frequency to characterize the presence of a requesting station in its group.
The LCS 26 will scan the cable assembly 22 to listen for the presence of an active GROUP REQUEST TONE. Upon sensing and selecting an active tone, the LCS will issue a GROUP GRANT MESSAGE to the requesting link port over the cable assembly 22. This message contains the address of the requesting link port, but is sensed by all the link ports. The LIU's 30 of all the link ports will sense the message and will forward the message to their respective S/R logic 44 for decoding. Only the S/R logic 44 of the requesting station will recognize its address and respond thereto by issuing a SGRAN flag to the requesting station thereby selecting it as the master station.
The requesting link port will maintain its GROUP REQUEST TONE active until its requesting station, the present link master, removes its SREQ flag. At that time, the link port, via its LPC, will deactivate its request tone thereby terminating the communication and freeing the link 14 for use by another station. The only exception to this protocol is if the present master station attempts to retain control of system communication for longer than the LHTO period. If this occurs, the LCS 26, as described below, will issue a GROUP REVOCATION TONE for transmission over the cable assembly 22. The revocation tone is sensed by all the link ports, but only the LPC's 48 of the communicating station's link ports will issue a SREV signal to their respective stations (i.e., the master and slave), thereby electrically isolating the stations from the link 14. Preferably, this is accomplished by logically disconnecting the station's interface to its link port. After deactivating its GROUP REQUEST TONE, the LPC will continue its scanning at the next step from which it previously stopped.
The LPC's 48 may also perform various status gathering functions in order to collect information on the operation and health of the link. Such information may be in the form of frame counts, byte counts, MISSED BYTES (MB), block check errors, parity errors and LHTO terminations.
The LPC 48 may be implemented in a number of different designs by one skilled in the art. By way of example only, a microprocessor implementation will be discussed.
FIG. 10 illustrates, in block diagram form, a microprocessor-based LPC implemented with an INTEL 8085A, an eight-bit microprocessor. A CPU 50 provides the main operational control in conjunction with an operational memory 52. The memory 52 preferably includes a ROM 54, and an input port 56 through which all input signals are connected to the LPC. Preferably, the ROM 54 is an INTEL 8355, and the input port 56 is an INTEL 8255A peripheral interface unit. A RAM 64 is provided for data storage.
The LPC 48 interfaces with the stations 12, its LIU 30, and the LCS 26 via an output port 58. An address decoder 60 responds to its link port's address and notifies the CPU 50 to prepare for an incoming communication.
A request scanner 62 is provided to scan the SREQ flags of its link port's respective stations. The scanner 62 looks at the request lines in a round-robin fashion always proceeding in a forward direction (i.e., 0, 1, 2 . . . 9, 0, etc.). When an active request is found, the scanner stops and interrupts the CPU 50. The CPU now issues a GREQ flag to its LIU. The LIU, in turn, accepts the GREQ flag and transmits the GREQ tone of its link port to the LCS 26 via the cable assembly 22.
The scanner 62 is shown in block diagram form in FIG. 11. The SREQ flags of the link port's stations are coupled to an N:1 multiplexer 66 via a station sample latch 68 (where N is the number of respective stations). The latch 68 is provided to maintain the status of the SREQ flag stable during the multiplexing operation such that no false or improper indications of station's status will be given.
A counter 70 is provided for driving the select lines of the multiplexer 66 to provide the round-robin scanning of the LPC. The counter is designed to have N-1 states and is clocked at a 2 MHz rate. In this manner, each SREQ flag is viewed for a 500 microsecond period.
The output of the multiplexer 66 is sensed by a station request latch 72. The station request latch 72 upon sensing an active flag, disables AND gate 74 which freezes the counter at its present state. The state of the counter is now the address of the station requesting to become link master.
After the station has completed its scan, it drops its SREQ flag. This is sensed by the CPU 50 and it transmits a SCAN RESTART signal to the scanner 62. The SCAN RESTART signal resets latch 72 which in turn, enables gate 74, restarting the scanning. Also, gate 76 is enabled which allows the latch 72 to be set by the next active SREQ flag, and sets station release latch 78 to notify the CPU 50 that the scanning has restarted.
In LOCAL mode, the LPC must supply the timing for the LHTO period, due to the absence of the LCS 26. Thus, each LPC 48 is provided with an interval timer 80 for performing the LHTO function.
The Link Interface Unit (LIU) 30 provides the interface for the link ports to the transmission cable assembly 22. The LIU's are MODEMS (modulators and demodulators) which accept the digital SIU signals, modulate them at the communication frequency for transmission over the cable assembly 22. The LIU's 30 also accept information for the cable assembly, demodulate the information, and transfer the information to their respective SIU's 28.
FIG. 12 illustrates, in block diagram form, a Link Control Station (LCS) 26. The LCS 26 provides two functions for supporting orderly multi-master operation of the link 14. First, the LCS provides a second level of arbitration for resolving contention among station groups for master control of system communication. Second, the LCS provides the communication security function and will electrically disconnect any station which attempts to retain control of the link for greater than the LHTO period. The LCS 26 includes a Link Interface Unit 82, an LCS SIU 84 having an LSC Controller (LCSC) 86, Send/Receive logic 44, and a data multiplexer 46.
The operation of the LCS is illustrated, in flow-chart form, in FIG. 13. As shown in FIG. 14, the LCSC 84 is of substantially the same design as the LPC 48 and operates in substantially the same manner. Thus, the operation of the LCSC 84 will not be discussed in detail. One aspect of the LCSC 84 will be discussed; that is, the performance of the LHTO function.
The interval timer 80 provides the LHTO period. In operation, the CPU 50 upon issuing a GROUP GRANT MESSAGE, notifies the interval timer 80 of its action. The timer 80, in response to the start of communication, begins to clock the LHTO period via an internal clock (not shown). At the end of the period, the timer 80 notifies the CPU that LHTO is extinguished. If communication is still active, the CPU will issue a GREV tone which is seen by all the link ports 24. Only the link ports of the master and slave stations will respond to the GREV message and will issue a SREV signal to their respective stations to terminate the communication.
The request tone circuitry 88 includes a number of filter networks (not shown), one for each link port 24, for sensing the individual request tones of the link ports via coax cable 90. The center frequencies of each filter is set at the frequency of its respective link port. By using individual filters and request tones, as well as a separate communication frequency, the cable assembly 22 is frequency multiplexed. That is, requests, data and revocation frequencies may all be transmitted simultaneously along the cable assemly, since each is at a different carrier frequency. This transmission scheme is illustrated in FIG. 16.
Upon sensing an active tone, the circuitry 88 notifies the CPU 50 which in response, halts the operation of the scanner 62. If no other communication is present, the CPU will issue a GROUP GRANT MESSAGE to the requesting link port. If communication is present, the CPU will wait until the communication has terminated, or the lapse of the LHTO period, before issuing a GROUP GRANT MESSAGE. The CPU monitors the presence or absence of communication on the cable assembly by sensing the status of the CARRIER DETECT (CD) line from the LIU 82.
The LCS 26 also provides an LCS ACTIVE tone to indicate to the link ports 24 its status. The tone is of predetermined frequency, as shown in FIG. 15, and is supplied over the cable assembly 22. If the tone is present, the LCS is present and active; if not present, the LCS is either not present or failed. If the LCS fails, all communication via the cable assembly is disabled, but stations connected to the same link port may still communicate with one another. This "soft-fail" mode enables the major control loops to be connected such that an LCS 26 failure does not interrupt their control.
The LCS 26 is preferably designed as a standalone, self-powered unit such that it may be connected to any point along the cable assembly. It has been found, that by connecting the LCS at a point along the cable assembly equi-distant from the furthermost separated link ports, the worst-case effects of propagation delay are greatly reduced.
The LIU 82 is of substantially the same design as the LIU 30, with one additional circuitry. The LIU 82 includes a filter network (not shown) having a band-pass broad enough to bracket the GREQ tone spectrum. In this manner, only GREQ tones are transmitted to the tone circuitry 88, and noise and other extraneous signals are filtered out of the spectrum.
The transmission cable assembly 22 supports link communication by providing a high-speed, long-distance transmission path between the link ports 24 and the LCS 26. The assembly 22 includes a transmission cable 92, couplers 94 and end-tone generators 96.
The transmission cable 92 is suitably chosen to support the communication rate of the link 14. Preferably, the cable 92 is a CATV type coax for supporting the 1 mbps link data rate while allowing the link ports 24 to be physically separated by relatively long distances.
The couplers 94 are provided as impedance matching devices to maintain the proper interface characteristics between the link ports 24, the LCS 26 and the cable 92. FIG. 16 illustrates, in schematic form, a coupler 94.
In FIG. 1, the end-tone generators 96 are provided for cable break detection and fault isolation. Each of the generators 96 transmits a respective tone of predetermined frequency along the cable 92. These tones are sensed by the link ports 24 and the LCS 26. If both tones are present, the cable is operable and communication can take place. If one or both of the end tones is absent, the cable is inoperable, and communication is either partially or totally lost. By sensing which of the end tones are present, the LSC 26 can determine the health of the cable 92; and thus, if redundant cables are provided, can switch to the backup cable if the primary cable has a fault. FIG. 17 illustrates a cable-switching state diagram, where f1 and f2 represent the two end-tone frequencies. Also, circuitry may be provided to halt the cable switching if both cables are determined to be faulty.
In order for the present invention to be more fully understood, an example of a link transaction will now be discussed.
For purpose of explanation it will be assumed that Station A wishes to communicate with Station B and that both stations are connected to separate link ports.
Station A will attempt to initiate communication by raising its SREQ flag. This act places Station A in contention for master control of system communication with the other stations connected to Link Port 1. Station A must now pass the round-robin arbitration scheme of Link Port 1. That is, the first level of arbitration.
Link Port 1 will issue a GREQ tone upon selecting a requesting station in its group. The GREQ tone does not indicate which station in the group is requesting to become a master station, it only indicates that one station in the group is so requesting.
Concurrently with issuing its GREQ tone, Link Port 1 will halt its round-robin scanning and store the address of the step at which it stopped. This address is the same as the address of the requesting station. If Station A is selected, then Link Port 1 will store its address (i.e., the address of Station A).
Link Port 1 must now compete with other link ports having a station requesting to become a master station. Contention among the link ports is resolved by the link control station 26.
The link control station scans the GREQ tone in a round-robin fashion, and on sensing an active flag will halt its scanning and issue a GROUP GRANT MESSAGE to the selected link port. This message is transferred via the cable assembly 22.
Assuming that Link Port 1 is selected, it will in response to the grant message issue a SGRAN signal to Station A. Station A is now the master station having passed both levels of arbitration.
To communicate Station A must structure its message according to the link protocol, and transfer the message according to the timing shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
The receiving station, Station B, will then reply and the communication is terminated by the master station deactivating its SREQ FLAG. If the master station attempts to retain control of the link 14 for longer than the LHTO period, the LCS 26 will sense this and issue a GREV tone to terminate the transmission.
In FIG. 2, the link 14 is configured for LOCAL operation. In LOCAL the LCS 26 is not utilized and the cable assembly 22 is replaced by the cable 100. The link ports 24, as illustrated, are not provided with LIU's 30, and their LPC's 48 are replaced with LCS-type LPC's 86 (i.e, with Link Control Station Controller).
In LOCAL mode, all the master type stations must be connected to the same link port since there is only one level of arbitration. The other link port(s) are extensions of the main link port (i.e., the one with master stations) and have slave-only type stations connected to them.
The multi-master and security functions are performed by the main (i.e., master station) link port in place of the link control station 26. Otherwise, link operation is like that described for EXTENDED operation.
Redundant control systems are commonly used with industrial processes requiring continuous supervision with minimum interruption. This is especially true in distributed control where the individual control subsystems are coupled by a single point of failure element, a transmission cable. If the cable were to fail, all system communication and thus process control would be lost. To overcome this problem, as stated previously, one prior art solution teaches the use of redundant cables operated by a cable selector for sensing which cable is operable and selecting that cable as the communication path. The drawback of this approach is the requirement of third party intervention. The cable selector reduces system efficiency by introducing a delay during "switch-over"; and, reduces system reliability with the addition of another component(s) in the system.
FIG. 18 illustrates a process control system 98 incorporating dual-redundant process communication links 14. Each station 12 is provided with two station interface circuits 20, referred to as ports. One port connects the stations to Link 1, the other port connects the stations to Link 2.
Referring to the top portion of the figure, designated Link 1, a single redundant system is illustrated. With this configuration, when Station A desires to communicate with Station B, it proceeds in the normal manner as discussed in SECTION 3. Since the actual configuration of Link 1 is transparent to the stations, Station A is concerned only with transmitting the message to its link port 24 according to the link protocol. Over which cable the message is actually transmitted to Station B is decided by the link ports. By sensing the end-tone frequencies and switching the cables accordingly, as illustrated in FIG. 16, the link ports select the operable cable for communication.
While the redundancy of Link 1 increases the probability that Station A will have a successful communication with Station B, single point of failure elements are still present in the link . Such elements are the station interface circuits 20 and the station-to-link-port cables 102 and the link ports 12. If either of these elements were to fail, the redundant configuration would not be effective to maintain system communication, and process control could be lost.
By providing a second link, Link 2, each station now has two links over which it may communicate. To provide for connection to Link 2, each station 12 includes the second interface circuit 20. One of the links acts as the station's primary link, with the other link being the station's secondary or "back-up" link. For example, assume the primary communication path for Station A is Link 1. If Station A desires to communicate with Station B, it will first attempt to communicate along Link 1. If Link 1 is not available, Station A will attempt to communicate with Station B via Link 2, its back-up link.
The criteria used by the stations in deciding whether a particular link is available for communication may be, for example (1) the lack of a response to a transmission and (2) an abnormal wait for a SGRAN signal.
Also, by allowing the station to choose its communication path, overall system efficiency is increased. That is, if the primary path of a particular station is presently under a heavy "traffic-load", that station may simply choose to communicate along its secondary path rather than wait for the availability of its primary path. In this manner, temporary or permanent changes in the communication paths may be effected by the stations themselves, producing a corresponding increase in the overall efficiency of the system by "off-loading" traffic from the primary path to the secondary path(s). The increased efficiency is seen by each station of the system 98 as an effective increase in its allotted communication window.
It should be noted that the stations 12 may be provided with more than two station interface circuits 20 (ports). The number of such circuits depends upon the number of links a particular station is connected to for communication. Stations such as supervisory computers may have four or eight ports for connection to a like number of communication links.
While only a single embodiment of the present invention has been illustrated and discussed in detail, the present invention is not to be considered limited to the precise construction shown. Various adaptations, modifications and uses of the invention may occur to those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, and the present invention is to cover all such adaptations, modifications and uses which fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
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|Jul 17, 1969
|Dec 6, 1983
|Title not available
|Oct 16, 1970
|Apr 25, 1972
|Collins Radio Co
|Multichannel communication system
|Mar 16, 1973
|Jun 18, 1974
|Priority data handling system and method
|Apr 11, 1973
|Nov 26, 1974
|Mitre Corp
|Digital communications system
|May 14, 1975
|Jun 1, 1976
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Time division multiplexed loop communication system with dynamic allocation of channels
|Citing Patent
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|Jul 1, 1981
|Jun 21, 1983
|Kahn William M
|Digital matrix switching
|Jun 26, 1981
|Oct 18, 1983
|Fornex Engineering Company
|Distributed industrial control system with remote stations taking turns supervising communications link between the remote stations
|Apr 22, 1981
|Apr 3, 1984
|Pitney Bowes Inc.
|Local network interface with control processor & DMA controller for coupling data processing stations to common serial communications medium
|Sep 14, 1981
|Aug 14, 1984
|The Microperipheral Corporation
|Data communication system
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|Oct 23, 1984
|3Com Corporation
|Local computer network transceiver
|Jul 5, 1983
|Jul 16, 1985
|International Standard Electric Corporation
|PCM Telecommunications system for voice and data
|Mar 24, 1983
|Aug 20, 1985
|Mds Qantel, Inc.
|Multi-processor system with communication controller using poll flags for non-contentious slot reservation
|Jul 7, 1983
|Nov 19, 1985
|Motorola, Inc.
|System for producing encoded and decoded voice, internal audio tones, and data communication within a time division multiplex network
|Jun 3, 1982
|Apr 22, 1986
|Christian Ryckeboer
|Method and device for the asynchronous series communication on the multipoint type of a plurality of logic transceivers
|Mar 29, 1984
|Jun 10, 1986
|Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Bus-configured local area network with data exchange capability
|Jul 29, 1983
|Jun 17, 1986
|Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.
|Timing synchronization circuit
|Oct 5, 1984
|Jun 24, 1986
|International Standard Electric Corporation
|Data transmission system
|Oct 7, 1983
|Aug 19, 1986
|Honeywell, Inc.
|Plant management system
|Jul 29, 1982
|Aug 26, 1986
|Massachusetts Institute Of Technology
|Serial multi-drop data link
|Sep 27, 1983
|Dec 2, 1986
|Trw Inc.
|Multi-master communication bus system with parallel bus request arbitration
|Dec 11, 1984
|Dec 9, 1986
|Compagnie Industrielle Des Telecommunications Cit-Alcatel
|Signaling terminal system for CCITT No. 7 common channel signaling system
|Aug 15, 1984
|Dec 23, 1986
|Nec Corporation
|Bidirectional communication system of a two-wire bus comprising an active terminator
|Dec 24, 1984
|Mar 24, 1987
|Motorola, Inc.
|Serial communication interface for a local network controller
|Jan 2, 1987
|Sep 20, 1988
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Data framing system for time division multiplexing transmission
|Nov 8, 1985
|Jun 6, 1989
|Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation
|Repeater for extending local area networks
|Jun 1, 1988
|Oct 3, 1989
|Nec Corporation
|Serial interface system flexibly applicable to a one-to-plurality connection
|Jun 28, 1984
|Mar 27, 1990
|Westinghouse Electric Corp.
|Multipurpose digital IC for communication and control network
|Feb 8, 1991
|May 26, 1992
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Apparatus and method for communicating between nodes in a network
|Mar 31, 1992
|Jun 27, 1995
|The Dow Chemical Company
|Process control interface system having triply redundant remote field units
|Apr 14, 1994
|Aug 20, 1996
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Implementation efficient interrupt select mechanism
|Apr 20, 1993
|Sep 17, 1996
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Computer system and system expansion unit
|May 13, 1993
|Dec 17, 1996
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army
|Continuous on-local area network monitor
|Jun 7, 1995
|Mar 18, 1997
|Fujitsu Limited
|Information broadcasting system having reception error minimizing facility
|Apr 8, 1994
|Apr 15, 1997
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Local area network with server and virtual circuits
|May 9, 1995
|Feb 24, 1998
|Smc Pneumatics, Inc.
|Serial transmission system for controlling a network of I/O devices
|Apr 1, 1994
|Mar 31, 1998
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Computer network having a virtual circuit message carrying a plurality of session messages
|Oct 9, 1997
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|Fujitsu Limited
|Information broadcasting system confirming the reception of information using error detection means
|Sep 3, 1997
|Oct 19, 1999
|Fisher Controls International, Inc.
|Local device and process diagnostics in a process control network having distributed control functions
|Oct 2, 1997
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|Local device and process diagnostics in a process control network having distributed control functions
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|Fisher Controls International, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for debugging and tuning a process control network having distributed control functions
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|Process control network with redundant field devices and buses
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|Process control interface system having triply redundant remote field units
|Nov 3, 1997
|Jul 11, 2000
|Fisher Controls International, Inc.
|Schematic generator for use in a process control network having distributed control functions
|Aug 18, 1997
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|International Business Machines Corporation
|Fail-safe communications network for use in system power control
|Oct 2, 1997
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|Fisher Controls International, Inc.
|Network accessible interface for a process control network
|Jan 14, 1998
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|Alcatel Data Networks Inc
|Data frame switch
|Sep 7, 1999
|Sep 4, 2001
|Otto P. Fest, Sr.
|Loop-powered current-loop controller and method
|May 25, 1999
|Nov 20, 2001
|Pittway Corporation
|Multiple sensor system for alarm determination with device-to-device communications
|Oct 3, 1997
|Apr 23, 2002
|Fisher Controls International, Inc.
|Maintenance interface device for a use in a process control network
|Mar 15, 1999
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|Fisher-Rosemount Systems, Inc.
|Modifier function blocks in a process control system
|Sep 10, 1999
|Sep 9, 2003
|Fisher Rosemount Systems, Inc.
|Linking device in a process control system that allows the formation of a control loop having function blocks in a controller and in field devices
|Feb 28, 2002
|Aug 17, 2004
|Azionaria Costruzioni Macchine Automatiche A.C.M.A. S.P.A.
|Container filling machine
|Oct 29, 2001
|Jun 14, 2005
|Vega Grieshaber Kg
|Sensor unit
|Aug 27, 2002
|May 4, 2010
|Juniper Networks, Inc.
|Programmable systems and methods for weighted round robin arbitration
|Sep 12, 2005
|Dec 14, 2010
|Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc.
|Transparent bridging and routing in an industrial automation environment
|Jun 24, 2008
|Jul 23, 2013
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Communication system, communication apparatus and communication method of communication system
|Jul 21, 2011
|Jun 10, 2014
|Renesas Electronics Corporation
|Voltage detection circuit and method for controlling the same
|Oct 29, 2013
|Oct 11, 2016
|Xilinx, Inc.
|Isolation interface for master-slave communication protocols
|Oct 29, 2001
|May 23, 2002
|Martin Gaiser
|Sensor unit
|Sep 12, 2005
|Mar 15, 2007
|Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc.
|Transparent bridging and routing in an industrial automation environment
|Jun 24, 2008
|Jan 15, 2009
|Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
|Communication system, communication apparatus and communication method of communication system
|Jul 21, 2011
|Feb 2, 2012
|Renesas Electronics Corporation
|Voltage detection circuit and method for controlling the same
|Nov 14, 1984
|Jun 19, 1985
|Tandem Computers Incorporated
|Communications method
|Nov 14, 1984
|Jan 21, 1987
|Tandem Computers Incorporated
|Communications method
|Aug 8, 2000
|Feb 15, 2001
|Sony Electronics, Inc.
|Method and device related to bus access
|Feb 28, 2002
|Sep 6, 2002
|Azionaria Costruzioni Macchine Automatiche A.C.M.A. S.P.A.
|Container filling machine
|U.S. Classification
|370/400, 370/463, 370/448, 370/452, 370/462
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Oct 11, 1990
Owner name: BANKERS TRUST COMPANY, 280 PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK,
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FOXBORO COMPANY, THE, A CORP OF MA;REEL/FRAME:005477/0603
Effective date: 19900905


text:
Commission: Mary Simpson
Mary Simpson (born Anchorage, 1978, based in New York) works with film, photography, painting, print and installation, as part of an ongoing investigation into gesture and affect. Considering gesture as a mute or dead language, she seeks to recuperate gesture's mythic (and allegorical) potential, as well as point to the way in which gesture might take the place of meaning.
Simpson's images are often presented in a heightened state of negotiation, where the original moment of creation—the first material 'body' of the image—often appears as a figment or ghost. The basic shape of a circle, created by dragging a palette knife across a surface (in her series 'Please Look Behind You', 2011, for example), is pushed through a printing press, imprinted onto multiple sheets. Each sheet is then embellished and abstracted from the original, until the 'idea' of a circle is presented as a compressed accrual of repetition and removal from it's starting point. Repetition (as well as its impossibility) is a recurring subject in Simpson's practice. In the case of 'Marsyas', 2010, a film made with frequent collabo-rator Fionn Meade, a human arm attempts to interact with a black and white poster, touching, stroking and patting the image. Yet, with a certain nod to slapstick, this arm appears to be covered with a photocopy of the very same limb, sellotaped to the body. The gesture is revealed as a copy of itself; the limb, a fragment.
For the MAP Commission, Simpson has developed a sequence of images adapted from 'Please Look Behind You' and 'Marsyas'. Taking the phrase 'This won't hurt a bit' as a warning that prefaces pain and the puncturing of a body's surface, the artist creates an affective register of images in place of critique. Beginning the sequence with this particular phrase paired with an ethnographic portrait of a nude female, Simpson notes the quality of this opening gesture, thus:
"In the Land of the Headhunters (changed to In the Land of the War Canoes to stem contro- versy) is a silent fictional film by Edward Curtis from 1914, in which Curtis assembled members of the Northwest Kwakwaka'wakw tribe to dress in costume and act out an imposed narrative of native cannibalism. In one scene, a member of the tribe dresses in full Eagle costume and dances a traditional Eagle dance in front of a black backdrop—it's the only moment in the film where a character is separated from narrative context, thus allowing for the gesture of the performance to step forward and become visible. In this coming forth, the gesture is resilient and maintains its authenticity even in the face of violent decontextualisation.
The image of the woman—a vintage photograph from an unknown photographer—embodies this out-of-context quality; the directness of her gaze is different—it goes beyond or overcomes the typical centerfold notion of a nude female. Here, her gesture recalls the Eagle dancer. Both images present a disconnection from the moment when the photographer imposes a typical centerfold pose, while the subject's 'presentness' draws from their own context, their own gesture. The woman's adoption of the pose is discordant with the imposition of that pose."
MAP Commissions Archive
None: MAP Commission 2017: MEGAN ROONEY, Others got wings for flying
None: It is this it is this, it is this: Documentation
None: MAP Screen | Reading in the Dark
Iodine of the Sea: Unmastered, Remastered by Katherine Angel & The Blackburn Company
MAP #25: Commission: Mary Simpson
MAP #23: Texts About Tripping Over
MAP #22: Commission: Jimmie Durham
MAP #20: Gintaras Didžiapetris
MAP #18: Commission: Martin Boyce
MAP #16: Commission: Ruth Ewan
MAP #14: Commission: John Michael Boling & Javier Morales
MAP #12: Commission: Richard Forster
MAP #10: Commision: Chris Evans
MAP #6: Commission: X-REX
MAP #3: Commission: Art After Love's Philosophy
MAP #1: Map Commission: Goya Vs Yoko Ono
None: This can only be thought of as a monologue within a dialogue
None: Voicing the Archive: Recording Session
Iodine of the Sea: The Target Moves
Iodine of the Sea: 'A Feminist Chorus' by Lucy Reynolds | Recording, March 2014
MAP #24: Shahryar Nashat
MAP #23: Michael Fullerton
MAP #21: Nairy Baghramian
MAP #19: Commission: Clunie Reid
MAP #17: Commission: Luca Frei
MAP #15: Commission: Dot Dot Dot
MAP #13: Commission: Alasdair Gray
MAP #11: Commission: Donald Urquhart
MAP #8: Ice Station Isis
MAP #5: Commission: Clara Ursitti
MAP #2: Commission: Walk the Walk Draw the Draw

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The great British holiday 2007
Link to video: mms://streaming.salford.ac.uk/library/oar/M0019641...
Recordings are available to view on campus only.
Recordings are available to view on campus only.
Documentary series about the leisure and tourism industry. Three years ago package holiday company My Travel nearly went bust, with record losses of over a billion pounds, but now Texan CEO John Bloodworth is trying to raise it from the dead. In Florida things aren't looking good, but My Travel is pinning fresh hopes on the remote Hainan Island in China, with its Buddhist theme park.
|Item Type:
|Off-air recording
|The great British holiday
|Transmission date:
|27 February 2007
|Running time:
|60 minutes
|Depositing User:
|Institutional Repository
|Date Deposited:
|05 Sep 2012 09:57
|Last Modified:
|01 Dec 2013 20:42
|Additional Information:
|This recording is to be used only for educational and non-commercial purposes under the terms of the ERA Licence.
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text:
Because On the Art of the Cinema is allegedly based on one very long 1973 speech by future Dear Leader Kim Jung Il, the brevity of the author's biography for the 2001 edition of the book is more than a little incongruous: "Kim Jong Il (1942- ) is leader of North Korea (1994- ). Kim Jong Il succeeded his father, Kim Il Sung, who had ruled North Korea since 1948." Doesn't a world class dictator like Jong Il deserve a lengthier bio or at least an accompanying photo? But then perhaps the original North Korean edition is more elaborate. Or maybe the boring design of the book is intended to reinforce the book's no nonsense spirit of "Juche," North Korea's national ideology of grim self-reliance.
Despite the no frills book design, what impulse buyer could resist this dynamic back-cover tease:
In his preface the author states: "The cinema is now one of the main objects on which efforts should be concentrated in order to conduct the revolution in art and literature. The cinema occupies an important place in the overall development of art and literature. As such it is a powerful ideological weapon for the revolution and construction. Therefore, concentrating efforts on the cinema, making breakthroughs and following up successes in all areas of art and literature is the basic principle that we must adhere to in revolutionizing art and literature."On the Art of the Cinema doesn't really have a unifying thread, it is more or less just an endless series of non-negotiable and frequently convoluted pronouncements. Here are a few random selections:
"The task set before the cinema today is one of contributing to people's development into true Communists... This historic task requires, above all, a revolutionary transformation of the practice of directing."
Moreover, any reader of On the Art of the Cinema unfortunate enough to have also seen NAMELESS HEROES will be painfully aware that the 'Heroes' filmmakers ignored just about every rule set forth in Jong Il's book. The film is a spectacular mess with its only redeeming quality being the curiosity factor of seeing U.S. Army defectors "acting." Contrary to erroneous citations found on the Internet, Kim Jong Il was not the director of NAMELESS HEROES.
Nowhere is it mentioned in the Dear Leader's cinema arts manifesto that if one does not have the necessary talent for filmmaking, kidnapping is an acceptable solution. But this is exactly what Jong Il did in 1978 when he had the first couple of South Korean film abducted to the hermit kingdom. First he lured the beautiful actress Choi Eun Hee to Hong Kong where she was kidnapped and placed on a ship headed to a North Korean port. Then the tyrant/movie buff had Ms. Hee's ex-husband (the couple had recently divorced), the most respected film director in South Korea, kidnapped when he followed his ex-wife's trail to Hong Kong.
The director, Shin Sang Ok (who, at this point, did not know his wife was in captivity in North Korea), attempted to escape the country by sneaking onto a freight train, but he was soon captured and sent to a prison camp. He won release after four years by apologizing in writing to Kim Jong Il and Kim Il Sung (Jong Il's father) and was reunited with his ex-wife. Playing cupid in a Mao jacket, Jong Il recommended that the pair re-marry and they wisely obliged the Dear Leader's whim.
Jong Il gave Shin Sang Ok a nice office, artistic freedom and lavish budgets for a number of film projects that were produced, but none stands out more than PULGASARI (1985). Shin Sang Ok produced this North Korean version of Godzilla and it must be seen to be believed. Pulgasari is a metal-eating Communist monster (with a heart of gold) who helps his 14th Century peasant friends defeat their cruel feudal masters. Clips from this extraordinarily odd epic can be seen on the io9 website.
In 1986, after giving their North Korean minders the slip while on a business trip in Vienna, Shin Sang Ok and Choi Eun Hee escaped to the American embassy. They were granted asylum and eventually returned to South Korea. Ok died in 2006 and Hee is still living. Both Ok and Hee wrote books that detail their Kafkaesque time in the hermit kingdom, but neither memoir has been translated into English.
An added bonus to On the Art of the Cinema is a "Notes" section wherein various events and terms used in the book are defined from a uniquely North Korean perspective. For instance, the Korean War is dubbed "The Fatherland Liberation War." It should not surprise anyone that the war is described as one in which the "(North) Korean people inflicted an ignominious defeat upon the U.S. imperialists and their stooges."
As of this posting Kim Jong Il's bizarre film tome rates three stars on Amazon (only half a star less than Syd Field's 'Screenplay'). The Dear Leader's equally insane take on opera, On the Art of the Opera, fares better with five stars.
By Kim Jong Il
Copyright 2001; Published by University Press of the Pacific, Honolulu, Hawaii
From an April 11, 1973 speech
329 Pages
PERMALINK URL: http://conelrad.com/books/folio.php?id=P341


text:
Goal 1: Home Visits
Because 90% of brain development occurs before age five, early education sets young children up for success in kindergarten and later life.
Home Visits
Increase family visits to mothers with risk factors to help them understand the developmental and educational needs of their children. Research shows that such visits can substantially increase the odds that their children will later graduate from high school.
TS Gold
Adopting a common kindergarten readiness assessment tool across our region enables schools to strengthen teaching and implement targeted student interventions.
Jump Start
5-week, full-day summer program for incoming kindergarteners with no previous early learning opportunities. Build the social, emotional, executive, language and numeracy skills necessary for school success.
Childcare Coalitions
Encourage local childcare and early learning policy changes to increase access to quality early education for low-income children.
Preschool on Wheels
Licensed mobile classrooms for young children in Rifle, New Castle and Silt who would otherwise have no access to preschool.
Colorado Childcare Assistance Program
Work with community partners to influence policies that determine how funds are allocated for low-income families.
Goal 2: Develop Social & Life Assets
Developing strong life skills and character assets will help our region's youth achieve academic and personal success.
Gallup Student Poll
Survey of our region's 5th – 12th graders to measure their hope, engagement and well-being, which are key indicators of academic success.
Increase one-on-one mentoring by high school students for elementary students. Connect trained adult mentors with at-risk middle and high school students.
Positive Youth Development
Strengthen early intervention systems for the most at-risk teens. Re-engage them with their school and community.
Character Asset Training
Train youth service providers and teachers in how to build specific life skills and character traits, such as hope and perseverance, that have been shown to help youth succeed in school and later life.
Goal 3: Succeed Academically
Academic success is a good predictor of later life outcomes, such as whether a student will graduate high school and enter a postsecondary program.
Enrichment Wednesdays
Provide quality professional development time for teachers, as well as academic and enrichment programs for students.
Teacher Training
Inter-district teacher exchanges and professional development opportunities to enhance the skills of educators who teach ESL (English as a Second Language) students.
Culture of Literacy
Parent engagement and literacy education to enhance a student's learning at home while strengthening the family's engagement with a child's school.
Youth Tutoring Center
Connect community volunteers with youth for tutoring and mentoring in a highly creative and engaging environment. Inspired by 826 Valencia's "Pirate Store" in San Francisco.
Goal 4: Graduate Ready for College & Career
Future workforce expectations make it imperative that students receive a postsecondary certificate or degree in order to thrive.
Post High School Success
Dedicated college and career counselors to ensure a strong culture of college and career in all our region's high schools. Counselors both advise individual students and lead classes in achieving postsecondary success.
Community Connectors
Engage community partners to create "expeditionary" educational opportunities for younger students and career internships for high school students.
Initiative Wide Support
Shared Data & Measurement
Partnership with Colorado Mountain College to collect and report regional data in order to track the community's progress in moving the Cradle to Career Initiative indicators of youth success.
Public Awareness Campaign
Public outreach to increase support for youth and expand the public's understanding of what young people need in order to flourish. Offer every community member a role in helping children to be ready for kindergarten and to graduate high school ready for college and career.


text:
Agency loses contempt case in ongoing Waste4Fuel sagaThe Environment Agency has lost a contempt case against a waste site that has repeatedly been on fire. But it is likely that enforcement action will continue
Green light for 402MW Dudgeon offshore wind farmNorwegian developers Statoil and Stakraft have decided to proceed with a new offshore wind farm after securing £1.6bn of long-term renewable electricity subsidies in April
Food waste 'famine' warning for anaerobic digestionAnaerobic digestion capacity is already starting to exceed the supply of food waste, says Eunomia. This situation will get worse without the expansion of collection services
EU database to help boost building energy efficiencyA project aimed at highlighting differences in building energy efficiency performance should enable better targeting of policies and investment
Policy risk remains key concern in energy sectorContinuing uncertainty over long-term energy and climate policy and lack of consumer engagement were highlighted at an Energy Institute conference


text:
Sales & Services
Icelandair offers an extensive array of products and services. Contact us for flight booking and more information.
Veloittamalla aterioista olemme pystyneet lisäämään lennoilla tarjottavien aterioiden
valikoimaa sekä nostamaan niiden laatua. Useat Icelandairin asiakkaat eivät halua
ateroida lennoilla ja näin ateroiden hinta on voitu jättää pois lentohinnoista.
Tämä päätös tehtiin samaan aikaan kun, lisäsimme koneisiimme jalkatilaa ja tarjosimme
henkilökohtaisen maksuttoman viihdekeskuksen kaikissa matkustusluokissa.
Yes, all Icelandair's web pages can be accessed without purchasing or an authentication for the Wi-Fi service.
The Wi-Fi purchase is not connected to the Saga Club for time being.
No, that is not possible for time being.
Icelandair accepts all major credit cards to pay for this service. However, pre-paid credit cards cannot be accepted.
No, that is not possible.
Some credit card companies might charge a fee for currency conversion if a local currency other than the Euro is used. Some other fees might apply. Please check with your credit card provider.
Passengers traveling on Saga Class and Economy Comfort have an electric socket for a laptop or mobile device either below the seat or between the seats. Each seat has a USB power port that can be used to recharge most devices. Just remember to bring your own USB cable.
The connection will be similar to a 3G connection. The speed of the connection will depend on the inflight usage of the broadband.
Currently Icelandair does not plan to provide Wi-Fi enabled devices onboard.
No, that is not possible. A purchase can only take place during the flight, once the Wi-Fi has been activated.
Icelandair Wi-Fi supports most of the major VPN brands, but the experience may vary by flight.
No, the Wi-Fi system does not store user's login information between flights.
The Wi-Fi connection is obtained through a satellite which is located 36,000km above Earth. The airplane is cruising at a speed of 800km/per hour which results in a connection with different properties to those on the ground.
The price will be variable. Booked Saga Class passengers and Saga Gold members will enjoy complimentary Wi-Fi.
Wi-Fi is a popular technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connections. It is used all over the world at so called hot spots, public areas, offices and private homes to provide connection to the Internet.
It is Icelandair's goal to have all airplanes equipped with a Wi-Fi connection. However, during peak season some airplanes may not be equipped with Wi-Fi.
All you need is a Wi-Fi enabled device with an internet browser.
All flights with a Wi-Fi equipped airplane are expected to have a Wi-Fi connection. Some limitations may occur during some the flights. Information cards are placed in the seat pockets in front of you that indicate the Wi-Fi coverage on Icelandair´s routes.
You will see a Wi-Fi icon when you enter the airplane.
Each Wi-Fi device is different so Icelandair cannot provide detailed connection instructions in this FAQ. In the seat pocket you'll find a Wi-Fi card with information about the service. Please make sure your device, phone and/or tablet is in airplane mode and you have turned on the Wi-Fi on your device. Then open a browser and the Icelandair Wi-Fi portal page opens. If you are booked Saga Class passenger or a Saga Gold member you use the complimentary option; otherwise you use the purchase option to connect.
The reason could be that currently the airplane is flying where there is no Wi-Fi coverage. Please study the coverage in the Wi-Fi card in the seat pocket or in the Wi-Fi Portal. You can compare the coverage to the flight route in the in-flight entertainment system to verify if there is currently no coverage.
The reason could be one of the following but not limited to: Missing or incorrect information in the fields needed when purchasing. Wrong credit card number, wrong expiry date, or credit card security number not correctly entered.
For the system to be able to authenticate you, your Saga Club number needs to be in your booking. If it's not in the booking you can enter it by opening Icelandair's homepage and select "My trips". Log in by entering your booking reference and last name, then enter your Saga Club number along with needed information and save the information. Now you should be able to log in using your booking reference and Saga Club number. If the problem exists, next time you are connected to the Internet you can send an e-mail to email@example.com and describe the problem and hopefully it can be resolved before your future flights. You can use the payment method to access the Internet.
It will be noted as "ROW44 Icelandair Wi-Fi".
Yes, your device needs to be in airplane mode during all phases of the flight. Please notice you might need to activate Wi-Fi on your device after selecting airplane mode.
No, you don't need to sign out.
That´s the name of the company that provides the Wi-Fi connection to Icelandair.
It's a satellite based Wi-Fi. On top of the airplane is an antenna that communicates with satellites. Inside the airplane are Wireless Access Points that communicate with the antenna and the passengers' devices.
You can browse the internet, check your e-mail, read your favorite news web sites and do some social networking. Please notice that some high bandwidth activities may be restricted. For best performance you should close all apps that are running in the background.
The purchased/authenticated Wi-Fi connection is per device. If you authenticated or purchased the service on your laptop you can't open the same Wi-Fi connection on your tablet computer etc.
Il est strictement interdit de fumer à bord des vols Icelandair et toute enfreinte à cette règle est punie par la loi.
Yes, on Wi-Fi equipped airplanes Wi-Fi is complimentary for two devices for each Saga Gold member. You must enter your Saga Club number when booking the flight. During the authentication process you will need to provide the Saga Club number and booking reference (six characters).
Yes, if you are booked on Saga Class the Wi-Fi is complimentary for two devices. During the authentication process you will need to provide the booking reference (six characters) and your last name as it is in the booking. There are instructions on the Wi-Fi portal.
Yes. The FAA and EASA are the global governing agencies for airworthiness and have rigorously evaluated the effect of this system on airplane operations. The FAA and EASA airworthiness approvals clearly demonstrate that the system is airworthy and presents no operational risk to airplane operations.
There are a number of advantages to going cashless. First and foremost, passenger services will be even more efficient and the payment process will be faster. Time now spent on counting cash payments will from now on be used on providing a faster on-board service. Moreover, all post-flight settlements will be swifter and crew members will have more time to make your journey smoother. This change is not without precedent. Many of the world's largest airlines no longer accept cash on board. For example, American Airlines implemented this change in February 2010 and many other leading airlines, like Continental Airlines, United Airlines, JetBlue and Southwest followed suit.
Aftter 29th of April 2016, we will accept debit cards, all credit cards, and Saga Points. Moreover, also passengers can Pre-Purchase meals online before their journey.
As of 29th of april 2016 we only accept electronic payments.
No, Saga Points are not offered for CLASS UP upgrades.
This is a six character code on your ticket, as well as on the mobile boarding pass.
You will be able to connect as soon as you want, and the connection will be active throughout your flight.
All items of Lost personal property are taken to the Lost property / Security office at the Arrival airport. All inquiries should be sent directly to that lost property office.
For personal belongings lost at the airport or left behind on the aircraft please contact Lost property department at related airport.
On arrival of flights, Icelandair urges passengers to remember to take all their belongings from the flight and Icelandair is not liable for any personal belongings passengers left behind on board the aircraft or within the airport.
Jos haluat perua lentovarauksesi, ota yhteyttä lähimpään Icelandairin toimistoon. Ota valmiiksi esille varaustunnus tai matkapäivä ja reitti. Takaisinmaksun osuus vaihtelee käytetyn hintatyypin mukaan. On myös hintoja, joilla ei ole takaisinmaksuarvoa. Jos olet varausvaiheessa ottanut itsellesi 'Protection Fee' sairastapausta varten, niin silloin peruutuskulu on EUR 35 ja silloin tarvitsemme lääkärintodistuksen.
Voit muuttaa lentovaraustasi Icelandairin nettisivuilla kohdassa "Varaukseni", mikäli kaikki lennot ovat Icelandairilla tai ota yhteyttä lähimpään Icelandairin toimistoon. Muutosmaksun suuruus vaihtelee käytetyn hintatyypin mukaan. Ota valmiiksi esille varaustunnus tai matkapäivä ja reitti. Muutoskulu alkuperäiseen varausluokkaan on yleisimmin EUR40-150. Mikäli alkuperäistä varausluokkaa ei ole saatavilla, täytyy maksaa muutosmaksun lisäksi varausluokkien välinen hintaero.
Mikäli matkasi on varattu matkatoimiston kautta, ota yhteyttä muutos- tai perutustapauksessa samaan matkatoimistoon.
The seat map is only partially open for seat requests until on-line check-in opens. For information on on-line check-in.
Emergency seats are only available during airport check-in for operational and safety reasons.
When booking with your travel agent, your booking might be created in a system not compatible with our on-line seating request option. Click here for more information on Seat Request.
Icelandair offers an extensive array of products and services. Contact us for flight booking and more information.
For a group of 9+ passengers travelling together including school, incentive or meeting groups, contact our group sales department.
Icelandair assists companies in optimising their travel investment. Contact us about both present and future agreements.
Icelandair proudly sponsors many events and charities. Contact us with your enquiries.
For questions regarding Saga Club membership or benefits, please contact our Saga Club department.
Icelandair loves to hear from you. Please send us your comments on what you like and how we can be a better airline.
Some of our best ideas at Icelandair have come from customers like you. If you have a brilliant idea, we want to hear about it.
For media requests, please contact our media relations department.


text:
Renovation Leads to Smooth Garage Door
The Sylvania Waters, New South Wales, couple said that while their garage door remained fully functional it no longer matched their home's otherwise modern appearance.
"The first door had lasted a long time. It was about 20 years old and it was still working. It just didn't fit with the new house design after our renovations," Ms Pye said.
"The old garage had a B&D Door. We wanted to stick with that brand, given we had such long service from it. It was also important to us to buy an Australian-made product."
The couple consulted local B&D Accredited dealer Deville Garage Doors, and in response to their brief were recommended B&D Doors' new Smoothpanel™ sectional garage door.
"We had thought about options such as clear acrylic panels but we decided the Smoothpanel™ suited us best because we were after something sleek and simple.
"We wanted the door to look simple, yet fashionable and were concerned that it would date easily if it had too many panels and patterns."
Colour was another important consideration in their decision. The renovation included side gates around the home, which were painted in a colour matching the home's window fittings.
"We were really pleased to learn that we could get the door in whichever colour we wanted so we matched it to the rest of the house, which is Dune, a Colorbond colour."
B&D Doors' national sales & marketing manager John Fraser-Mifsud said each individual panel of the B&D Smoothpanel™ sectional door is customised to a particular height space.
"Some garage doors are stacked with standard-sized panels until they nearly close out the space and then they run a thin one, but we are able to provide even-height panels for lines that spread evenly over the door," Mr Fraser-Mifsud said.
Ms Pye said she appreciated the minimal lines created by the door panels.
"The fact that they're all evenly spaced creates a nice symmetry. It looks really good," she said.
The patterned profiles often found in garage door panels serve not only to decorate but help strengthen a door.
Mr Fraser-Mifsud said the Smoothpanel's entirely flat facade is made from steel that is 30 per cent thicker than that used for its other steel skin doors, for twice the strength.
"The thickness provides more body to the skin, to resist pressure and prevent it from buckling or 'oil-canning'," he said.
Australia's most renowned garage door


text:
Results 1 to 2 of 2
Thread: Hyperlink In report services
01-22-08, 17:57 #1Registered User
- Join Date
- Feb 2004
- Location
- Alpine Califormia
- Posts
- 1,798
Unanswered: Hyperlink In report services
Hello I have
Microsoft Visual Studio 2005
Version 8.0.50727.762 (SP.050727-7600)
Microsoft .NET Framework
Version 2.0.50727
Installed it came with SQL Server 2005, and for awhile now I have been trying to create a hyperling to a folder with our scanned files on it. I go to the Jump URL and then I put in a link address like
=void(window.open('http:\\gcsql\DataBase\Reports\P atronsDispute\ALFARO, FRANCISCO.pdf','_blank','toolbar=no,location=no,di rectories=no,status=no,menubar=no,scrollbar=yes,re sizable=yes,copyhistory=no'))
but nothing happens it doesnt even recoginize it as a hyperlink
can someone help please
01-24-08, 05:38 #2Registered User
- Join Date
- Jul 2007
- Posts
- 96
Almost desireemm, you just forgot who owns the void method. It's Javascript, not reporting services...
What you probably want is this:


text:
Logged in as {{user.name}}. Not you? Log Out
97.3 Hit Music Now Newsletter
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text:
Gleaming hardwood floors. Very spacious kitchen with abundance of cabinets (+ pantry) and large center island with seating. All baths with ceramic tile floors. Sliding glass door to large custom deck (wired for speakers) overlooking level rear yard backing to woods. First floor laundry/ mud room off garage. Wired for generator. Garage with workbench and cabinets. Burnt Hills schools - one block from Jr. High School.
Listing information
- Year Built: 2008
- Status: Sold on 7/22/2011
- Fireplaces: 1
- Foreclosure: No
- Lot Size: .83 ac (120 x 301)
- School District: Burnt Hills - Ballston Lake
- Property ID: 101612378
- Beds: 3
- Total Rooms: 7
- Parking Type Description: Attached 2 cars
- Total Square Footage: 1,846 ($165.22 per sq. foot)
- Estimated Annual Taxes: $7,927
- Style: Colonial
- Baths: 3 (Full: 2 3/4: 0 1/2: 1 Other: 0)
- Stories: 2
- New Construction: No
- Lot Area: 0.83
- County: Schenectady
Age Description Actual
Appliances Dishwasher, Microwave, Range W Oven, Refrigerator
Attic Full, Hatch
Basement Full
Condition Superior
Cooling Type Central Air
Exterior Vinyl
Exterior Features Deck, Garden, Lighting, Porch
Family Rm Fireplace Type Gas Fireplace
Fuel Cost Description Total Utilities Actual, Total Utilities Estimated
Garage Description Attached
General Taxes Description Actual
Heat Fuel Natural Gas
Heat System Hot Air
Lot Description Landscaped, Level, Privacy, Treed Wooded
Master Bedroom Second Floor, Suite
Other Fuel Cost - 140, General Taxes - 3121, Lot - .83 Ac (120 X 301), School Taxes - 4806, Special Assessment - Star, Tax Id Section - 10.3, Tax Identification Block - 1, Tax Identification Lot - 26, Village - Burnt Hills
Roof Asphalt Shingle
School Taxes Description Actual With Exemptions
Sewer Septic
Sign Yes
Survey Yes
Total Taxes Description Actual With Exemptions
Water Public
Bedroom 1 2nd Floor
Bedroom 2 2nd Floor
Bedroom 3 2nd Floor
Main bath 2nd Floor
Master Bathroom 2nd Floor
Dining Room 1st Floor
Family Room 1st Floor
Half Bath 1st Floor
Kitchen 1st Floor
Lndry/Mud 1st Floor
Listed by Suzanne Dingley of Coldwell Banker Prime Properties


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Activities & Organizations
The USF Intramural Staff works to foster a competitive environment for a wide range of athletic abilities. Our mission is to provide organized sports leagues and tournaments that are both competitive and recreational.
Student Activities Council
The Student Activities Council is responsible for planning and coordinating campus activities. We plan events like dances, lectures, trips and special programs!
Student Government Association
The Student Government Association represents the student body of the University of Saint Francis through integrity, leadership and servitude. Our goal is to enhance the life of every student.
Student Clubs & Organizations
We hope you'll get involved! If you would like to learn more about one of the clubs, contact the advisor.
Commuter Life
We encourage the development of commuter students by creating opportunities for engagement, growth, and learning.
a student-run newspaper that exists to enlighten, challenge and recognize members of the University of Saint Francis community through a creative and professional periodical.
Green Initiatives
USF continually strives to implement green practices. Student involvement is paramount to sustainability.
Art Galleries
The School of Creative Arts has 5 galleries that show a variety of work.


text:
Discussion in 'Off Topic Chat' started by torchomatic, Nov 23, 2016.
Good news Torch, hope you have Sky TV?
Well, for the Final anyhow.
Let out Sunday night at 9pm. Feel shit because of the chemo but great to be home. Having three appointments a week at Warwick who will give blood transfusions if necessary.
Went to see Mr Big at Heartlands on Monday. Plan is to stay at home? Build ip my strength and weight - lost another stone in five days - then have transplant.
My plan is to start playing records tomorrow and start getting dressed by Sunday.
Look on the bright side Torchy. You could have been at the Ricoh last night.
Keep the faith and enjoy that Dominos pizza.
It could be worse, we could be Villa fans
Good to hear you're going to stick on some vinyl. Build up your strength by playing air guitar and get your wife's hairbrush for a mike but take it easy on those guitar breaks and high notes.
All the best fella.
Yesterday's devastating news somehow got my brain thinking about those I 'know' who are suffering and reminded me of this thread. So in bed last night I read through the most recent updates and it was bloody delighted with the positive outcome. So glad you had less time in hospital than you thought Torch & that the results came back positive. As others have mentioned, there will be some tough times ahead but you've got the hardest parts out the way. Stay strong mate, the way you have dealt with your impossibly difficult task has been remarkable. Let's hope we win at Wembley to give you something positive to remember from an unbelievably challenging period in your life. PUSB
I'm back in hospital unfortunately. Started to feel unwell on Wednesday and by late afternoon had a high temp. They give you a number to ring if this happens, so I rang and they told me to go to Walsgrave A&E. That was late Wednesday evening. Since then they have been pumping me full of different types of antibiotics. Turns out i have a bug in my Hickman line. Hopefully I won't be in for too long.
sorry to hear that mate but I think a few set backs along the way are inevitable unfortunately.
Keep your spirits up best you can and hopefully like you say, you won't be in too long.
Good luck Torch - I had an infection that had gone to my blood following an ankle break a few years back and they did the same to me with a cocktail of antibiotics. Since then, no flu or anything and good health - hopefully the same for you. The flip side is that I'm concerned if I ever get ill now it's curtains and there's nothing they'll be able to do for me! :-)
You're in the best of hands, Torch. Best to be in hospital and get it sorted asap.
Hope you're out again soon and in better health.
Argh. I've just googled Hickman line - I wish I hadn't! I'm scared of even having blood tests. I suppose chucking a bit of domestos down it is a non-starter then?!
Sorry to hear you're not well again Torchy - hope you're back out soon.
Had to google it too, duffer, as I thought it was a song by Glen Campbell!
That's a tough break for you, Torchy. At least you are in the best place at the moment. Just keep doing what they say - they really do know best. Keep your chin up.
Sorry torch stay strong
Came out on Thursday night so at least i can now watch the game on Sky rather than on my phone.
Have to stay in solitary though apart from hospital appointments. All i have planned is dropping the three of them off in Leamington in the morning to get the coach and then.pick them up when they get back.
At least you're out and can spend the time with your family. Enjoy the game tomorrow and stay strong.
Cheers SB, I will. I will especially enjoy the peace and quiet tomorrow!
at least that's something mate.
Good to hear that you you out mate.
Glad your home torch, but gutted you cant be there.
Glad you're OK and home Torch!
Sent from my SM-G930F using Tapatalk
I had to go back to Walsgrave yesterday morning for two units of blood and even the nurse treating me was bloody going!
Good to see you can at least watch it
Thinking about you this morning Torch
Hope your family have a great day out and the boys bring back the cup to Cov
Enjoy the match on TV and sing your head off with the Skyblue army
Yep. Totally agree.
Sit back, relax and enjoy the game on Sky, Torch. You weren't even expecting to be able to do that a couple of months back, so that's a real bonus.
Hope the team give you a lot of cheer and raise your spirits further too.
Then you can concentrate on getting back fighting fit for next season's League Two title challenge.
Cheers both, appreciate the nice messages. Yeah, I did feel a little out of it this morning seeing all that Sky Blue - even in Leamington - but some things are more important. The main thing is my lad (who was bouncing off the walls) is going to be there. The wife wasn't quite so excited...
She will be torch when she gets immersed in the atmosphere and we win.
Hope he loves it!
Well, hope you had a great homecoming last night in the Torchmatic house and some great memories for your son.
I am still buzzing today and having great banter at work with all the Sheff U and Sheff W fans
Lets hope we stuff the blades on Wednesday
Not just my son. My wife (who really didn't want to go) was buzzing when she got home. She really got swept up in the day and was even slagging off Oxford for having a "small and quiet" support, not like "us". I think she enjoyed it as much as my lad. Apparently he was a little overawed with the size of the crowd at first, his previous biggest was the Gillingham homecoming crowd.
Think I saw her outside scrapping with their fans. Didn't want to say anything but thought you should know.
Sounds like you might be having to buy another season ticket for your wife next season
Mind you, home to Hartlepool on a cold November night is not quite as appealing
Glad they all enjoyed the day
What was the atmosphere like on the TV. Not actually asked anybody yet. Could you hear the Skyblues fans loud and clear.
Great to hear you are spreading the Sky Blue love to all your family.
We were in the kitchen this morning when she just said out loud "Sunday was brilliant!"
I just said she was a weirdo. I don't think she's ready for Colchester at home on a November evening just yet. Her next game will probably be next season's play off final back at Wembley.
HAHA! As great as Sunday was, it certainly was a true representation of life as a City fan.
Separate names with a comma.


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The championship could be his before he packs his bags for the US and a career in stock cars.
On Sunday, his Stone Brothers Falcon was demoted two places with a 26-second penalty following an "infringement on the FPR car of Cameron McLean" by Ambrose's co-driver, Warren Luff.
Ambrose's teammate Russell Ingall, second in the title standings, finished seventh with co-driver Luke Youlden and narrowed the points gap to 20.
As the teams prepare for the biggest event of the year, the Bathurst 1000 on October 9, title prospects are far from clear. Under scoring rules intended to keep the championship open as close to the end of the season as possible, drivers are able to drop the score from their worst round up to and including the Bathurst race. From then on, each of the final three races of the season will count towards the title.
At present, Ambrose has 1486 points in the series, leading Ingall on 1408, Steven Richards (13th at Sandown) on 1367 and race winner Craig Lowndes on 1261.
As the points stand now, Ambrose could discard 116 points, Ingall 96, Richards 105 and Lowndes 58, which tends to concertina the gaps.
To add further interest to the equation, the last time the Stone Brothers won at Bathurst was in 1998 and, despite his impressive supercar credentials, Ambrose has never finished better than fourth there.
On Sunday, Ambrose's Falcon was hampered from about mid-race by an overheating problem, but after the race he was philosophical about the result.
"At the end of the day we managed to finish, but the overheating problems could have caused us something that was terminal," he said. "We're not sure what the problem was, but it looks as though we have a small hole in the radiator or something.
"Sometimes you just have to wear an ordinary result; thankfully, we did not have to endure something worse than [finishing] 12th."
Well, that was before stewards imposed their post-race penalty.
It would take a brave person to bet against Ambrose winning this year's title, but the pack is certainly closing in.


text:
The Longest Ride
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Year: 2015 | Duration: N/A |
Directed by:
George Tillman Jr.,
Writed by:
Craig Bolotin, Nicholas Sparks (novel),
Scott Eastwood, Britt Robertson, Melissa Benoist, Oona Chaplin,
Based on the bestselling novel by master storyteller Nicholas Sparks, THE LONGEST RIDE centers on the star-crossed love affair between Luke, a former champion bull rider looking to make a comeback, and Sophia, a college student who is about to embark upon her dream job in New York City's art world. As conflicting paths and ideals test their relationship, Sophia and Luke make an unexpected and fateful connection with Ira, whose memories of his own decades-long romance with his beloved wife deeply inspire the young couple. Spanning generations and two intertwining love stories, THE LONGEST RIDE explores the challenges and infinite rewards of enduring love.
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