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Archive for the 'JavaScript' Category
Understanding Javascript Objects and JSON Data.
The first time I heard of JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) when was trying to get data out of twitter. At that time I was new to javascript and was figuring out a lot of stuff at once so the whole thing was very confusing and incredible hard to grasp. Now when I think back, It would have saved me a lot of time if someone just gave a clear overview of how objects worked in javascript and how the same pattern (jargon alert!) when used to transfer data becomes JSON. This is the reason why I am writing this post. As a disclaimer, I am not a programmer but an urban planner and my understanding of this subject is purely based on my practical experience trying to build things relevant in my field so bear with me if any of this is inaccurate or wrong. Please feel free to point out the mistakes.
Now typing window.innerHeight or window.innerWidth will give you the height and width of the window. You can resize the window and type it again to see it changing. Here the important things are, 1) We can create objects in this virtual space with properties to represent stuff we see (a window in this case) 2) the "." denotes the property of an object (i'll elaborate this later).
Now it is time for us to create our own object. Lets say this object is a digital representation of yourself. Lets start by creating the object by typing me = {}. This literally translates to english as 'me' is an empty object. The curly brackets denote that 'me' is an object and it is empty since it has nothing in it. Now typing 'me' again and pressing enter will return an empty object. Now lets go one step ahead and ask my name. Since it is a property, you use the ".". So type "me.name" and see the result. It says it is "undefined" because we have created the object but never defined any properties. Lets set one by typing me.name = 'bala' (note the single quotes. i'll explain later) . Now asking me.name will return the name "bala" and asking for the whole object 'me' will now give the properties as well.
If you have come this far then you understand object, its properties, how to create and return them. Now it is time to understand some data structures (this sounds way too complex than necessary). For practical purposes we just have to know 4 major data structures – Number, String (of characters), Array (of elements) and Boolean. Most of the data we use will fall under these data structure. Numbers are stored as is without any special way to mark them. for example, Typing in me.age = 25 will set the property 'age' in me as a number which is 25. Strings are denoted by double/single quotes around them if the quotes are not present then it is considered as a name of an object (variable) and will return an error if it cannot find one. for example, me.city = london will return an error while me.city = 'london' will be OK. Arrays are collection of data in a specific order and is denoted by square brackets. for example, me.address = [221,'b','Baker Street'] will set the address as an array of 3 elements. typing me.address will return and array, while typing me.address[0] will return 221. the square brackets with a number is the way of accessing an element within an array when you know its place (the counting starts at 0). Try to get the street name out of the 'me' object.
A string is like a special case of array (with only single characters) so you can do the array type of queries to strings as well. for example, me.city[0] will return 'l'. Boolean is either 'true' or 'false' (without quotes). for example, you can do me.graduate=true. This helps where you can directly use this instead checking for conditions (like if else statement). With this 4 basic data type you can create a model for almost every kind of objects we usually encounter. To sum up, we create objects with curly brackets, object is something which has properties, properties can be of various types of data (number,string, array, boolean), we set and access properties of objects by using the '.', arrays are created by using square brackets and we set and access contents of array by using square brackets.
There is one more thing we need to know which is that there is a simpler way to create objects than setting properties one by one. which brings us closer to the JSON. instead of using the '.' we can directly write the contents of the object using ',' and ':'. So combining all the steps above in creating the me object, we just do,
With these basics we can now move to interesting stuff – Nesting and References.
When we talked about data structures though we talked about 4, we actually learned 5. The fifth one is objects. This means that a property of an object can be an object. This introduces amazing capabilities to javascript objects. for example, me.education = {} will create an empty object for education. and me.education.school = 'kvp' will set the property for me.education. This process can be theoretically repeated forever (if the memory permits).
This has two major significance. 1) While modelling sparse data, this makes our object memory efficient (this is the reason it is used in data transfer). for example, a table which shows scores of 5 students in 10 different courses and every student attends 3 courses can be modelled as a javascript object as shown below,
You essentially don't need to have null/empty spaces. If something is null then it is just not there. 2) you can model infinitely rich objects by nesting different types of objects together. e.g. in the above example if some course has two markers and two scores you just introduce and object instead of the number, no need to change your structure of the data ( schema ).
This is another way javascript optimises memory usage. Every object's association with its name is just a reference. for example create an variable a = 20, create another variable using this variable b = a , check both variables. now do b = 40 and check the value of a. The results are shown below. This is logical and is what you expect to happen.
Now try and do the same with objects, a = { name:'bala', age:25 } ; b = a ; b.age = 27. Now check the contents of a!
This behaviour is because JavaScript does not duplicates objects in memory when assigned to variables but just references the object to the variable name. This allows us to create infinitely rich data structures with finite memory. Funny example is below,
That concludes our overall introduction to understanding objects in javascript. With this foundation, let us move to JSON.
To be brief, JSON is just a notation to create javascript objects. It is exactly the same as what we discussed above. The only thing which is new is the property names should be enclosed in quotes (since JSON has no concept of variables). You evaluate a JSON string and it gives you a JavaScript object thats it. Nothing more. While thinking about JSON, as an alternative you can think of it as a collection of key value pairs (this kind of thinking helps while working with php). Keys are always strings and values can be anything (even another collection of key value pairs).
The difference between JavaScript objects and JSON is that JSON is a notation i.e. it is a text file written outside javascript and cannot be executed. It is a normal data / text file like csv. You can essentially read a csv as a string, split it into parts using the newline and comma characters and create an object/array in javascript but with JSON it is much simpler (just do eval) and more powerful (nesting).
Thats it. Hope this helps absolute beginners as myself in understanding these concepts faster.
P.S. If you have come this far, congratulations! You now know how data is modelled and stored in mongodb! All you have to do to use mongodb is learn commands.
Complete graph creator using Raphael.js
This one is very similar to A Simple Gravity Model except that this one is made with javascript (Raphael.js) and does not has the gravity model for the width of the links. I made this as a demonstration for how easy it is to make interactive graphics with javascript. With less than 40 lines of code, with raphael and javascript we can create this complete graph generator where you can click the canvas to create nodes and click and drag the nodes to move them. the links are generated and updated based on the position of the nodes. I am planning to create a full suite of tools for making and analysing networks online for which this is the first step. [ link: http://www.bala-ucl.co.uk/jsgraph/index.html ]
var paper = Raphael(0,0,'100%','100%'); var background = paper.rect(0,0,'100%','100%').attr({'fill':'#ddd','stroke-width':'0'}); var circles = []; var lines = []; background.click(function(event){ circles.push(new circle(event.clientX,event.clientY)); refreshLines(circles); }); function refreshLines(arr) { for (i in lines) { lines[i].remove(); } for (i in arr) { for (j in arr) { lines.push(new line(arr[i].attrs.cx,arr[i].attrs.cy,arr[j].attrs.cx,arr[j].attrs.cy)); } } } function circle (mx,my) { return paper.circle(mx,my,10).attr({fill:'#444',stroke:'#444'}).drag( function(da,db,x,y){ this.attr({cx:x,cy:y}); }, function(){ var color = this.attrs.fill=="#444" ? '#f00' : '#444'; this.attr({fill:color}); }, function(){ var color = this.attrs.fill=="#444"; ? '#f00' : '#444'; this.attr({fill:color}); refreshLines(circles); } ); } function line (sx,sy,ex,ey) { return paper.path( "M"+sx+","+sy+" "+"L"+ex+","+ey ).attr({stroke:'#444'}); }
New Project – RefNet
After trying to organise the reading for my research last week, I realised that research process in my mind is not organised as a list or a checklist but as a network of interconnected ideas from various sources. This is where I felt the reference managers which I was using were failing miserably. Though they did a good job in organising the meta data on the papers, books and articles which I was reading and including them as references in my write-up, they did not help me in the research process. My research still remained as an exercise where I go through search engines and list of references in other papers manually and trying to put together all the stuff in my mind by myself. This is where I decided that If I cannot find a tool which I want I would rather build one myself and also that all the things I learned about networks and web development in the past year has to be put in use somewhere.
So here it is, RefNet – A reference manager which organises the references/bibliography as network of objects rather than a list. The idea is to build a tool where you can drag and drop papers and books as objects, and based on the citations in them they are organised as network of interconnected ideas. I started a github repository and using vivagraph library (inspired from here), put together a very preliminary working concept and added some data on the things I have been reading the past week. The result is as below, (click the image for interactive version)
The plan forward is to make the tool more dynamic with drag and drop option, automatic citation importing from a database such as web of knowledge, possibly a suggestion tool to say which papers to read further based on the network properties and finally a plugin to integrate this with google docs/ ms word. As mentioned earlier the project and code as of now is up on github (here) and would be really happy to collaborate with interested people on building this.
First Crowdsourced Project.
The Image above is a static screenshot of dynamic, interactive and crowdsourced map I created to map people from School of Planning and Architecture, Delhi and see how they are distributed all over the world. I initially circulated within my batch and later in a broader group and the response has been really good so far with the counter crossing 100 as of yesterday.Though it is not some thing really advanced or jaw dropping, I am really excited to see how easy it is to collect and visualize data (especially geographic) if one knows the right tools. The tools used are MySQL server, Apache (PHP) server, JavaScript (with jQuery), Google Maps API v3, Chrome and Sublimetext.
The visualisation is similar to what I did for the IRIS competition earlier but the difference is in the backend. Instead of reading a preset datafile and displaying it, this map here has a MySQL database in backend and queries it through PHP and visualises the result. It also has PHP based POST mechanism to send data to the database from the user. The best part is that none of the data in the image above is collected or entered by me (except for my two data points). It is rather generated by the people who individually entered their own locations.
Webkit Speech API and Google Maps
For the past couple of weeks in addition to working for the dissertation project, I was working sporadically on a demo of a speech integrated map using x-webkit-speech API provided by Google Chrome and Google Maps JavaScript API.Now that the dissertation is over, here is the final polished version of the demo, (http://goo.gl/pqYUsN)
The current functions available with this map are,
1) Speak to navigate – Click on the microphone button (or click "ctrl+alt+." ) on the text box and start speaking. The field will recognise when you stop speaking, analyse and interpret the sound as text and if it is a place, takes you right to place you just spoke.
2) Zoom and Pan – you can use the same trick with some preliminary commands as well, the system as of now understands ,
"east direction", "west direction", "south direction" and "north direction" will pan the map in the corresponding direction.
"zoom in/ zoom out " zooms the map.
3) Other commands,
"satellite" – switches the map to a satellite map
"simple" – switched the map to, above shown simplified default look and feel.
As usual, I request the readers to give it a try and share the results & problems in the comments section below. Also feel free to put in your suggestions and point out any mistakes.
An Eye on IRIS – Competition Entry
Our team (Daniel, Kostas and I) have just finished doing 3 entries for the competition – An eye on IRIS, which aims to produce visualization of the data on esteems won by UCL researchers all around the world for which had been provided with a small subset of the IRIS database.
The major aspects of the work was Geo-coding the database using the address/organisation information present in it and Visualizing the database so that it gives both overall and detailed information about the database. We spent a lot of time and energy in the cleaning and organizing the data using Omniscope (credits: Dan) and then used Omniscope, JavaScript, Google Maps API and Processing to visualize it. Below is one of the three visualizations produced by the team which uses JS and Google Maps API. The interactive version of the visualizations can be found at http://balaspa.comuf.com/
This particular visualisation uses heatmapLayer feature from the visualisation library, marker clusterer from markercluster.js, geodesic lines for the flow lines and CSS+ JavaScript to display the info window.


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Official Sony Hemp Flip Case (PSP GO)
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* Made from 100% recyclable material * Cut out back to show console logo * Flip closure to keep console securely in the case * Slim fitting design * Sewn Sony PSP Go Logo
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subset: commoncrawl


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Sunday, March 23, 2014
baby shower invite - baby blue carousel
3 comments:
- sumit arefin said...
- This comment has been removed by the author.
- August 10, 2015 at 7:26 PM
- Admin said...
Wondeгful ωοгk!
Thіѕ іs thе tуpe of infоrmatiоn thаt
should be sharеd асгoss the world wide web.
SEO Expert in Bangladesh
Online Marketing Expert in Bangladesh
- August 28, 2015 at 1:27 PM
- Wenni Donna said...
Wonderful work with the invite dear! I am glad that you shared this idea here with us. I am also going to have a baby shower next month at San Francisco venues and needed something classy like this for invitations. Thanks for sharing.
- September 23, 2016 at 2:45 PM
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New Report Details Medicaid Cost under New Health Law
March 3, 2011
The health law will cost state taxpayers at least $118.04 billion through 2023 -- more than double the Congressional Budget Office's (CBO) recent estimate of $60 billion through 2021, according to a new report from the House Energy and Commerce Committee.
The enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in March 2010 was the largest expansion of the entitlement program since its inception more than 45 years ago. Half of those obtaining health care coverage under the new law will get it through Medicaid. The committee report provides a state-by-state analysis of the financial impact the new health care law will have on states and demonstrates the unsustainable fiscal burden this new law will foist upon taxpayers.
- California, for example, will spend at least another $19.4 billion on Medicaid.
- The Texas Health and Human Services Commission estimates that Texas will be forced to spend another $27 billion, which is more than the program's entire annual budget today.
- Kentucky will get hit with $675 million in news costs to Medicaid, and Idaho found that the law would grow its Medicaid program by nearly 50 percent.
Source: "Joint Congressional Committee Report Details New Health Law's Fiscal Burden on Fragile State Budgets, Sustainability of Medicaid Program," House Energy and Commerce Committee, March 1, 2011.
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Browse more articles on Health Issues


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Second ESPGHAN Capri Meeting. Genetic factors in functional and structural GI disorders: scientific advances and clinical implications
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The awards ceremony of the Platform festival had some pretty funny moments, one of the funnier being Don Hertzfeldt's acceptance speech after winning the prize for "Best Film Under $5000." Check out what happened during his speech. The award presenter is Marv Newland.
does anyone else reckon it's Don Hertzfeldt's name moreso than his work that wins him his awards the majority of the time? just putting it out there!
Don has earned his name and rep by producing some of the most consistently original and interesting work in the US animation scene. I've got a review coming up of his recent dvd of shorts where I'll offer some more indepth thoughts on why I enjoy his work so much.
Micah Baker
What Amid said.
He's really grown as an animator. How can a boiling stick figure actually display angst and concern for its health? It's subtle and I think part of the magic is Don meeting the audience half way with us supplying a bit of feeling. It was tender and introspective. There was also plenty of Don's casually delivered razor-blade laughs and observations…
Without trying to write a review: He's grown. When Amid's review of the tenth anniversary disc comes out I'm sure he'll address that. And that growth deserves reward.
Though I'll say that ending was a little at odds with me. I did enjoy it and I think it's about the persistence of living. That life moves on and we either work the current or we are swept away in it.
Only Don would have broken the trophy I think. It just seems like something he would have happen in his cartoons. Thanks for posting that and letting me relive that!
cool, looking forward to that
Funny stuff, thanks for sharing it. Congratulations to Don. I'm looking forward to that review, Amid.
Poor Don! He had to scuttle away quickly after he broke that thing.
Anyway congrats….Everthing Will Be Okay really depicted a mental breakdown and for that Don deserves endless amounts of praise and awards.
I remember being in the audience at the World Animation Celebration back around 1998 when "Ah, L'amour" was shown. No one had seen it before, no one knew his name, and he still won an award.
I don't think any audience has ever been convulsed in laughter like that audience was.
Love, love, love him. Don's the only animator whose new short films I look forward to as much as a new movie from someone like Spielberg or Scorsese.
He's been posting production pics in his blog of "EVerything will be Okay" Part Two , or whatever it'll end up being called. It's looking just as amazing & poetic.
I found another funny video of Don answering questions at Sundance
(That's Joanna Quinn smiling in the background):
Don's films are just fun to watch. I'd give him an award if I had one to hand out.
I believe Shane Acker ("9") is the animator in question mentioned in the beginning of the speech. Go UCLA!


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AboutDr. Robert Wolf, MD is a Doctor primarily located in Scottsdale, AZ. He has 45 years of experience. His specialties include Family Medicine. Dr. Wolf is affiliated with Scottsdale Healthcare-Shea. He speaks English.
Dr. Robert Wolf has the following 1 specialty
- Family Medicine
A family practitioner is a doctor who specializes in caring for people of all ages, at all stages of life. Rather than focusing on the treatment of one disease or patient population, family practitioners are often the doctors that people see for their everyday ailments, like cold and flu or respiratory infections, and health screenings. When necessary, family practitioners will provide referrals for conditions that require the expertise of another specialist.
The doctors may also provide physicals, inoculations, prenatal care, treat chronic diseases, like diabetes and asthma, and provide advice on disease prevention.
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45 Years Experience
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Graduated in 1968


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Kiamesha Lake, NY (PressExposure) November 20, 2008 -- A gift company from NY, gifts-flowers-giftbaskets.com, announced today that they had added their much awaited christmas pages to their website.
The majority of these new pages offer free christmas themed activities. Celebrate Christmas with loads of free printable coloring pages, games, christmas facts, stories, crafts, recipies, jokes and songs.
"Today, when money is tight, people are searching for ways to stretch their budgets while still enjoying the christmas season " says Dianne Weinberg, Marketing manager. "With a little thought every family can spend quality time together and enjoy the season without breaking the bank"
After the overwhelming success of their letters from the Easter Bunny earlier this year they have added Letters from Santa which is very reasonable at only $ 9.95 and includes shipping , and for all orders received before December 1st they are incuding a free good list certificate (valued at $6.95 ).
This is a great stocking stuffer and is a must for grandparents, aunts, uncles, godparents.
What child do you know that wouldn't love to receive a personalised Letter from Santa ?
The letter from Santa is on premium paper with gold seals on the envelope and includes you children's names, where they live and can even a mention of a friend.
Weinberg believes the new free xmas pages will provide even more opportunities for our customers to realise that we are a family business. She adds "We are one of the few gift businesses that offer quality free resources with no strings. " ( registration is not required for any of our free resources )
We'll be updating all season long, so don't forget to bookmark!


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Quote of the Week
Hope is a waking dream. AristotleAll the quotes
Welcome to my newly constructed Website.
I write Women's Fiction, with a touch of romance, Gothic Historical Paranormal Romance and Middle Readers—for kids of all ages.
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If you'd like to sign up for my newsletter, I'll send you a free copy of The Winslow Curse — my prequel to the full length novel, Lord of Darkness.
Fill out the form over there on the left, and your free gift will be on its way to you soon!


text: Arstechnica.com Incredible discovery of 40,000-year-old tools for art and engineering reader comments 1 Share this story Evidence from a cave in eastern Ethiopia has revealed something extraordinary about the origins of symbolic thought among humans. Forty-thousand years ago, Porc-Epic Cave was surrounded by lush grassland full of lakes and rivers. It was home to a thriving community of people who devoted considerable time to processing... #tools #powder #ochre Tweet Source: arstechnica.com Read More


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GEN-MEDIEVAL-L ArchivesArchiver > GEN-MEDIEVAL > 2003-01 > 1043251552
From: "rita a gerrard" <>
Subject: Sandford Orcas, ORESCUILTZ wasDomesday Essex - Humfrid Aurei Testiculi
Date: Wed, 22 Jan 2003 16:05:52 -0000
References: <firstname.lastname@example.com>
Hello Henry and List Members,
My name is Rita A GERRARD and I have just subsribed to this very interesting
and informative List. I live in Lancashire, England and am in no way an
expert, just a rather keen family historian since I was knee high...
I have a little information on the ORESCUILZ family from some sources I
noted about 40 years ago, hopefuly these may be of use.
From a small pamphlet published 1962 on "Sandford Orcas and the Parish
Church of St. Nicholas" the following extract gives:
"William theConqueror bestowed the estates of Brictric on Queen Matilda, who
gave Sandforda together with many other estates and lordships to HUMPHREY
CAMERARIUS, an officer of the King's Camera or Treasury. At the time of the
great Survey of Domesday in 1086, Humphrey was Lord of the Manor, which
consisted of about 800 acres and was valued at £9. 0s.0d.Humphrey's heir
was HENRY DE ORESCUILZ, member of a Norman family, who possessed lands in
Somerset, Wiltshire and Gloucestershire. In ancient documents this name is
spelled sometimes as "ORIESCUILZ", sometimes as "DORESCUILZ", ......in due
course Sandforda became Sandford-Orskuys, ........to distinguish it from
several other Manors of the same or similar............ until more recent
times when Sandford Orcas became the accepted.....
Henry was succeeded by his son HELIAS who in turn was succeeded by his son
RICHARD, [an important man in the Parish Church history who presented ROBERT
DE ELY to the living ....reign of Henry III 1216.
The Two Manors
Richard ...left no issue, his only child EVA ..died in her mother's
lifetime.....Richard's two sisters MATILDA and ALICE were his two co-heirs
and the Manor of "Sanford" was held between them undivided, together with
the right of presentation to the rectory and parish church alternately.
between the holders of the two halves of the Manor on the question as to
whose turn it was to present to the vacant living
[Eventually the undivided property was, in fact, halved into two Manors,
Sandford Orcas and Jerrards]
Matilda, who inherited the "Jerrards" half, married WILLIAM FITZ JOHN of
Harptree, who presented the living to one ALBERTUS. An Assize Roll of 1242
tells us that "Albertus the parson of Sanford has obstructed a ....... path
and ... diverted a ....watercourse in the same vill..........
{Note; "The Descent of the Manor of Sandford Orcas" gives a most interesting
history of the Manor in the Proceedings of the Somersetshire Archaeological
and Natural History Society for 1923. Fourth Series Vol. IX]"
Here ends the extract..NOTE. [...] are mine and {>>>} are from the Pamphlet.
From some notes I made in the 1960's I submit the following:
Source: Notes and Queries, Somerset and Dorset, Vol IV, p. 193.
"MAUD DE ORESCULY of Sandford Orcas married WILLIAM, the son of JOHN DE
HARPTREE of Harptree in this county who passed the manor in his rights and
transmitted it to his posteriy of whom were tthe GOURNAYS, DE LA MORES and
others. Maud was also Lady of Manor of Sharncot in Wilts, her father
RICHARD succeeded to the Manor in beginning of reign of King John."
Some references I made for future research on Sandford Orcas:
Exon Domesday.
Victoria County History of Somerset.
Royal Commission on Historical Monuments, Inventory of the Historical
Monuments in Dorset, Volume I - West.
History of Somerset - Rev. John Collinson - 1791
Hope this is of interest.
PS, I do not have easy access to either Phelps or Collinson so cannot offer
anything further yet, The index of names in my two volume Hutchins does not
show it.
Rita A GERRARD
From: "Sutliff" <>
Sent: 22 January 2003 02:20
Subject: Re: Domesday Essex - Humfrid Aurei Testiculi
> While searching through some films at my FHC this afternoon, I
> came across a 18th century pedigree which shows as an ancestor, "Maude,
> daughter of Helias, and sister and coheir of Richard Orescuiltz or Aureis
> Testiculis Lord of Sharnecote in the county of Wilts." Clearly I need to
> verify this, but it shows that descendants of this unusually named family
> may exist. I don't mean to be vague as to the source, but am needing
> citations before suggesting Maude's placement as ancestor to a well known
> family.
> Henry Sutliff
> "Sutliff" <> wrote in message
> news:O__S9.23192$...
> > This man is listed at DP:272. My Latin is somewhat rusty, but can his
> name
> > possibly translate to what I think it does?
> ______________________
This thread:
|Sandford Orcas, ORESCUILTZ wasDomesday Essex - Humfrid Aurei Testiculi by "rita a gerrard" <>


text:
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) was a principal leader of the non-violent Civil Rights Movement in the U.S. He not only began the Civil Rights Movement with the Montgomery Bus Boycott, he became an icon for the entire movement. Since King was, in part, famous for his oratory abilities, one can both be inspired and learn much by reading through these quotes by Martin Luther King, Jr.

Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.
-- "Letter from Birmingham Jail," 16 April 1963

We must learn to live together as brothers or perish together as fools.
-- Speech in St. Louis, Missouri, March 22, 1964

The ultimate measure of a man is not where he stands in moments of comfort and convenience, but where he stands at times of challenge and controversy. The true neighbor will risk his position, his prestige and even his life for the welfare of others.
-- Strength to Love (1963)

We will have to repent in this generation not merely for the hateful words and actions of the bad people but for the appalling silence of the good people.
-- "Letter from Birmingham Jail," April 16, 1963

I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood.
-- "I Have a Dream" speech, August 28, 1963

Nothing in all the world is more dangerous than sincere ignorance and conscientious stupidity.
-- Strength to Love (1963)

Like anybody, I would like to live a long life. Longevity has its place. But I'm not concerned about that now. I just want to do God's will. And he's allowed me to go up to the mountain. And I've looked over, and I've seen the promised land . . . So I'm happy tonight. I'm not worried about anything. I'm not fearing any man.
-- "I've Been to the Mountaintop" speech, April 3, 1968 (the day before his assassination)

If a man hasn't discovered something he will die for, he isn't fit to live.
-- Speech in Detroit, Michigan on June 23, 1963

The means by which we live have outdistanced the ends for which we live. Our scientific power has outrun our spiritual power. We have guided missiles and misguided men.
-- Strength to Love (1963), Ch. 7

Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed.
-- "Letter from Birmingham Jail," April 16, 1963

I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.
-- "I Have a Dream" speech, August 28, 1963

I submit that an individual who breaks a law that conscience tells him is unjust, and willingly accepts the penalty by staying in jail in order to arouse the conscience of the community over its injustice, is in reality expressing the very highest respect for the law.
-- "Letter from Birmingham Jail," April 16, 1963

It may be true that the law cannot make a man love me, but it can keep him from lynching me, and I think that's pretty important.
-- Quoted in The Wall Street Journal, Nov. 13, 1962

A nation or civilization that continues to produce soft-minded men purchases its own spiritual death on an installment plan.
-- Strength to Love (1963)

We who engage in nonviolent direct action are not the creators of tension. We merely bring to the surface the hidden tension that is already alive.
-- "Letter from Birmingham Jail," April 16, 1963

I believe that unarmed truth and unconditional love will have the final word in reality. This is why right temporarily defeated is stronger than evil triumphant.
-- Nobel Prize Acceptance Speech, December 10, 1964

Shallow understanding from people of good will is more frustrating than absolute misunderstanding from people of ill will.
-- "Letter from Birmingham Jail," April 16, 1963

We were here before the mighty words of the Declaration of Independence were etched across the pages of history. Our forebears labored without wages. They made cotton 'king'. And yet out of a bottomless vitality, they continued to thrive and develop. If the cruelties of slavery could not stop us, the opposition we now face will surely fail. . . . Because the goal of America is freedom, abused and scorned tho' we may be, our destiny is tied up with America's destiny.
-- "Letter from Birmingham Jail," April 16, 1963

 Discrimination is a hellhound that gnaws at Negroes in every waking moment of their lives to remind them that the lie of their inferiority is accepted as truth in the society dominating them.
-- "Where do we go from here?" speech, August 16, 1967

When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every tenement and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old spiritual, "Free at last, free at last. Thank God Almighty, we are free at last."
-- "I Have a Dream" speech, August 28, 1963


text:
Models For Electrode Shield
Electrode Shield by Indesit
£9.01 Discontinued
Email me when back in stock - we'll try to re-stock quickly!
The product Electrode Shield is suitable for the models listed below.
View full product details for Electrode Shield.
Search our range of models by entering your model number to perform a search.


text:
Chivalry and Knighthood in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight
What is chivalry and/or knighthood?
What do you know about it?
Chivalry refers to a medieval code of honor that was commonly followed by knights
What is chivalry?
Is chivalry dead in today's society?
Why or why not?
This code of honor is made up of five main principles:
Fellowship - friendly association with those who share interests
Purity - free of sin, guilt, and evil thoughts; innocence
Courtesy - being polite in attitude and behavior to others
Compassion - sympathy and concern for others' misfortune
Generosity - being kind and giving to others
Knights often wore the sign of the pentacle to symbolize the five principles of chivalry
The knight from Canterbury Tales
In medieval times, knights were considered outstanding citizens. Many people who were not knights did their best to live by the code of chivalry because it was an admirable code for anyone to live by.
Write your own code of chivalry for modern times. Include five elements and explain why you chose each one
Label each point on the pentacle with an element of the code of chivalry.
On the back, give two(2) examples of each part of the code.
King Arthur
The Green Knight
Sir Lancelot
Sir Gawain
Monty Python and the Holy Grail
Heraldry was developed to identify knights during jousting events based on their shield design
Shields depicted:
geometric shapes
other symbols
symbolic colors
Medieval Period
Modern Period
Design Your Own Shield!
Gold/Yellow - wealthy; generous
Silver/White - peaceful; pure
Blue - truthful; loyal
Green - wisdom; joy; hope
Red - militant; fortitude; passionate
Black - secretive; grief
Purple - royal; dignified
Unicorn - purity; Christ; innocence
Griffin - wisdom
Pheonix - full of life; survival
Dragon - fierce opponent
Boar/ Hog - stubbornness; perseverance
Stag/Deer - Peaceful until provoked
Wolf - social; hunts in packs
Lion - bravery; Christ
Eagle - noble; power; strength
Bear - protector; family
Dove - peaceful; pure
Fox - tricky opponent
Swan - musical; poetic; artistic
Tortoise - steady; invulnerable
Spider - hardworking; wise
Goat - rule-breaker; defiant
Explain your choices on the back!!!
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Chivalry and Knighthood in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight
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Kirsten Johnsonon 14 November 2014
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text:
- compiled by Jeffrey Overstreet Copyright Christianity Today International
- 2006 1 Jan
from Film Forum, 10/26/06
It's got to be difficult for the filmmakers behind Infamous, the new film about Truman Capote and the writing of In Cold Blood. When they started on their film, they had no idea director Bennett Miller was already at work on a movie about the same famous writer, and the same period of his life. So, now that Miller's movie is a part of Oscar history, what chance do they have of creating a stir with their own film?
According to critics, there are plenty of reasons why viewers should go out of their way to see this Capote movie too.
First, there's Toby Miller, who plays Capote. He's earning some rave reviews, in spite of Philip Seymour Hoffman's Oscar-winning work last year.
Then there's the fact that this one, while not as dark and deep, is entertaining, colorful, funny, and well-cast. That shouldn't surprise viewers who have seen other films by director Douglas McGrath (Nicholas Nickelby, Emma).
Harry Forbes (Catholic News Service) writes, "Capote overall had a more serious tone, while Infamous is leavened with humor. Jones—supported by McGrath's script—gives a comic touch to Capote. … The narrative's sordid elements will not be to every taste, and some may feel once is enough, but for others Infamous is rewarding viewing."
Frederica Matthewes-Green (Frederica.com, originally published in The National Review) says, "Capote was tough on Capote's flaws: his self-absorption, his unending vanity, his flippancy, his capacity to wound. … People who prefer Infamous will say that it is funnier (that's true) as well as warmer, but to my mind it misses its goal, and the warmth comes across as gushing affection." She argues that the characters here have been turned into "big fat caricatures. … They're often engaging … but so cartoonishly mannered that they have little credibility."
Mainstream critics are having a grand time comparing the two films, and while they still admire Capote, they're thankful for Infamous as well.


text: Presenting the Pittsburgh premiere of Neil Labute's Bash: Latterday Plays, barebones productions received sold-out audiences and consistently positive reviews from the media. This was followed by another Pittsburgh premiere. This is Our Youth, by Kenneth Lonergan, a challenging play by a burgeoning playwright, also garnered positive reviews from critics and audiences.


text:
Archive for June, 2011
Really cool new RAD/RTC code coverage integration
Posted by: arnoldst on June 30, 2011
Planning for analysts, developers and testers
Posted by: Paula White on June 21, 2011
Just what is Performance Testing?
Posted by: uktestexpert on June 20, 2011
Rational User Group
Posted by: Neal Middlemore on June 15, 2011
Posted by: Neal Middlemore on June 12, 2011
IBM Rational beats Visual Studio in Evans user satisfaction survey!!
Posted by: arnoldst on June 8, 2011
How much low cost software does it take to compete with Team Concert ?
Posted by: markrational on June 1, 2011


text:
De Novo Trailer (2009)
01 January 2009 20 mins
In De Novo she turns the camera on herself, divulging the complicated thought processes behind the works she made for her five different invitations to present at the Venice Biennale. The video shows her unafraid to question the contexts of her own work in relationship to an ongoing inquiry into the nature of exhibition, exposition and narrative mythologies. - TIFF
Watch the official De Novo 2009 trailer in HD below or find more De Novo videos on Vidimovie.


text:
Never against the stream -
with the unique
The workflow function is an essential and powerful component of the WirtVest ERP software. It offers countless possibilities to manage follow and control the workflows throughout the company enterprise.
The WirtVest MIS/ERP System
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WirtVest MIS/ERP system is an excellent investment with a guaranteed return; by implementing this intelligent, flexible system your efficiency will increase and your costs will decrease. WirtVest ERP offers a complete portfolio in which all administrative and production processes are automated. In the investment world it is common knowledge that the higher the return – the higher the risks.


text:
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Google Safe Browsing - Safe website. Clean from Viruses, Malicious Worms, Adwares, Trojans, Spywares and Suspicious Phishing Attacks.


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text:
I believe that environmentalists' failure to address overpopulation in a serious and honest way is a huge mistake. We will never create ecologically sustainable societies in the context of continued population growth.For the evolution of my views on these matters, see "Why I am an Environmentalist — For Immigration Reduction." I am determined to do what I can to help remedy this failure, despite occasional abuse from both the left and the right.
In recent years, I have begun to write more about the population/environment connection in academic and policy venues. See for example this recent essay in the Chronicle of Higher Education. My two most recent books both deal centrally with population and immigration:
How Many Is Too Many? The Progressive Argument for Reducing Immigration into the United States (University of Chicago Press, 2015) argues that current immigration levels—the highest in U.S. history—undermine efforts to achieve a more economically just and ecologically sustainable society. Political progressives favoring a more equitable distribution of wealth, economic security for workers and their families, the preservation of other species on the American landscape, and the political empowerment of common citizens should support reducing immigration into the United States. How Many Is Too Many? will help readers across the political spectrum think more clearly about the inevitable trade-offs of any immigration policy. By using immigration policy as a springboard to explore and clarify progressive goals and values, it also contributes to current discussions about the way forward for progressive politics in America.
Life on the Brink: Environmentalists Confront Overpopulation seeks to reignite a robust discussion of population issues among environmentalists, policymakers, and the general public. Some of the leading voices in the American environmental movement show how population growth is a major force behind our most serious ecological problems, including global climate change, food and water shortages, and the mass extinction of Earth's species. 25 contributors honestly explore difficult moral and political issues including abortion, immigration, and limits to growth, arguing that we must humanely reduce human numbers in order to preserve wild nature and build a vibrant human future. Contributors include Lester Brown, Dave Foreman, Stephanie Mills and Captain Paul Watson. Co-edited with Eileen Crist, with a foreword by Anne and Paul Ehrlich, published by University of Georgia Press in 2012.
Another relatively recent effort is "Climate Ethics and Population Policy," published in WIRES: Climate Change 2012 (3): 45-61, appended below. This article reviews the scientific literature regarding voluntary population control's potential contribution to climate change mitigation. It considers possible reasons for the failure of climate ethicists and policy makers to adequately assess that contribution or implement policies that take advantage of it, with particular reference to the resistance to accepting limits to growth. It explores some of the ethical issues at stake and argues that three consensus positions in the climate ethics literature regarding acceptable levels of risk, unacceptable harms, and a putative right to economic development, necessarily imply support for voluntary population control.
In 2009 I published two policy briefs on U.S. immigration policy, the second co-authored with Winthrop Staples:
"The Economic Impacts of Mass Immigration into the United States: And the Proper Progressive Response" (November 2009)
Today's immigration levels--the highest in history--increase income inequality in the United States. They do this by flooding labor markets with less-skilled, less-educated workers, putting poor Americans in direct competition with poor foreigners and driving down their wages, while wealthy Americans reap most of the economic rewards. Cutting back on immigration is one of the most obvious and important actions Americans can take to begin to rebuild a more egalitarian society.
"The Environmental Argument for Limiting Immigration to the United States" (June 2009)
A serious commitment to environmentalism entails ending America's population growth by implementing a more restrictive immigration policy. The need to limit immigration necessarily follows when we combine a clear statement of our main environmental goals — living sustainably and sharing the landscape generously with other species — with uncontroversial accounts of our current demographic trajectory and of the negative environmental effects of U.S. population growth, nationally and globally (note: this policy brief is an abridged version of a longer academic article with the same title, attached below).


text:
Putting a face on IRS tragedy
Some of the online comments – on our Web site and others – have been truly insensitive in the aftermath of the attack on the Internal Revenue Service office in Austin, Texas (see article today). Some commenters seem to imply that the attacker, Joseph Stark, was a hero.
What they forget is that a real person – not an IRS bogeyman – was killed. His name was Vernon Hunter, and he was a husband, father, grandfather and Vietnam veteran.
In a statement, IRS Commissioner Doug Shulman had this to say about Hunter: Read more »


text:
Unjha ph Kanya Lohadi Vati:
Unjha ph Kanya Lohadi Vati: Kanya lohadi vati is herbo-mineral Ayurvedic medicine useful in treatment of gynaecological problems such as irregular period, amenorrhoea and dysmenorrhea.
Ingredients: Ela,Kaseesa bhasma,Loha bhasma,Varanga (twak),Shunti,Bhavanartha kanyarasa
Uses: Amenorrhoea (absence of a menstrual period in a woman of reproductive age).Dysmenorrhea (painful periods).Irregular periods
Dosage: 2 tab three time a day for one month with lukewarm water or as directed by physician.
Tag Cloud: kanyalohadi vati uses,kanyalohadi vati contents,kanyalohadi vati baidyanath,kanyalohadi vati contains,kanyalohadi vati in hindi,raja pravartini vati,chandraprabha vati
Buy Ayurvedic & herbal medicines online.Shop for ayurvedic product, herbal supplements and healthcare products. Swasthyashopee is an online store for all ayurvedic products, ayurvedic cosmetics. We cater most popular brands like Dabur, Baidyanath, Unjha, Emami, Zandu, Ranbaxy..
Disclaimer: All products & Logo copyrights owned by their respective companies / manufacturer.
The information presented at this page is not intended to replace the services of a health practitioner licensed in the diagnosis or treatment of illness or disease. Any application of the material in this text is at the readers discretion and sole responsibility. If you have a persistent medical condition or your symptoms are severe please consult a physician. Statements on this web site about health conditions and remedies have not been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.


text:
White House: Hey, we love bipartisanship! In other words, wiggle, wiggle, grovel, lapse, grovel, grovel, wiggle, wiggle, wormy-worm… Note: I added the Gibbs-Minister graphic to the above image but I did not create the background image (found it elsewhere, uncredited).
Robert Gibbs
SPAMANDDREGS: WH SAYS, "We're not collecting names, we're storing your e-mail addresses"
Ohhh, it's email addresses, not NAMES, that the Obama White House wants reported…uhh, flagged. They want supporters to turn in email addresses. As if that'll make their storage-o-citizens-with-opinions-they-don't-like any less a violation of American citizens' Constitutional rights. Spamming is still against the law, though, too. Someone advise White House Press Secretary Robert Gibbs of that. […]


text:
Primary hyperoxaluria type 1 (PH1) and type 2 (PH2) are rare genetic diseases that result from deficiencies in glyoxylate metabolism. The increased oxalate synthesis that occurs can lead to kidney stone formation, deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney and other tissues, and renal failure. Hydroxyproline (Hyp) catabolism, which occurs mainly in the liver and kidney, is a prominent source of glyoxylate and could account for a significant portion of the oxalate produced in PH. To determine the sensitivity of mouse models of PH1 and PH2 to Hyp-derived oxalate, animals were fed diets containing 1% Hyp. Urinary excretions of glycolate and oxalate were used to monitor Hyp catabolism and the kidneys were examined to assess pathological changes. Both strains of knockout (KO) mice excreted more oxalate than wild-type (WT) animals with Hyp feeding. After 4 wk of Hyp feeding, all mice deficient in glyoxylate reductase/hydroxypyruvate reductase (GRHPR KO) developed severe nephrocalcinosis in contrast to animals deficient in alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGXT KO) where nephrocalcinosis was milder and with a lower frequency. Plasma cystatin C measurements over 4-wk Hyp feeding indicated no significant loss of renal function in WT and AGXT KO animals, and significant and severe loss of renal function in GRHPR KO animals after 2 and 4 wk, respectively. These data suggest that GRHPR activity may be vital in the kidney for limiting the conversion of Hyp-derived glyoxylate to oxalate. As Hyp catabolism may make a major contribution to the oxalate produced in PH patients, Hyp feeding in these mouse models should be useful in understanding the mechanisms associated with calcium oxalate deposition in the kidney.
- oxalate
- calcium oxalate crystals
- nephrocalcinosis
the primary hyperoxalurias (PH) are rare genetic disorders with an incompletely characterized incidence that probably lies between 1 in 106 and 1 in 105 (3). The major types characterized result from deficiencies in glyoxylate metabolism. Alanine:glyoxylate aminotransferase (AGT1) is deficient in PH1 and catalyzes the transamination of glyoxylate to glycine. Glyoxylate reductase and hydroxypyruvate reductase activities (GRHPR) are deficient in PH2 and normally catalyze the reduction of glyoxylate to glycolate and hydroxypyruvate to d-glycerate, respectively (3). A deficiency in either AGT or GRHPR activities results in an inadequate removal of glyoxylate and its oxidation to oxalate by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The increased oxalate synthesis can lead to kidney stone formation and the deposition of calcium oxalate in tissues (3). In PH1, much of the glyoxylate is also metabolized to glycolate through GRHPR activity, accounting for the hyperglycolic aciduria. Hyperglyceric aciduria is characteristic of PH2 due to the deficient hydroxypyruvate reductase activity and the conversion of excessive hydroxypyruvate to l-glycerate by LDH (2). Apart from a minority of PH1 patients who respond to pyridoxine therapy, there are no specific therapies for the disease and an increased fluid intake, coupled with orthophosphate or citrate administration, is often utilized to limit renal calcium oxalate deposition and renal impairment (7).
Glyoxylate (CO.COO−) is the simplest α-keto acid and is generated in cells as a result of metabolism. Known sources are the breakdown of hydroxyproline (Hyp) and the oxidation of glycolate (6). In Hyp metabolism, 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid (HOG) is hydrolyzed by HOG aldolase (HOGA) to pyruvate and glyoxylate, whereas glycolate is oxidized to glyoxylate by glycolate oxidase (GO) (6, 15). These enzymes are present in different subcellular compartments with HOGA localized in liver and kidney mitochondria, GO and AGT in liver peroxisomes, and GR in both mitochondria and the cytoplasm of all cells. Hyp is derived both from endogenous collagen turnover, which is estimated to be 2–3 g/day (15), and from dietary sources of Hyp. Collagen contains ∼15% Hyp and its turnover results in the release of 300–450 mg of Hyp. Metabolism of this Hyp results in the formation of 180–240 mg of glyoxylate per day. Meat, meat products, and gelatin-containing foods in the diet can provide additional Hyp for metabolism. This level of Hyp turnover is supported by studies of individuals with hyperhydroxyprolinemia who lack Hyp oxidase and are unable to degrade Hyp. Hyp excretion levels in these individuals range from 285 to 550 mg/24 h (15). Glyoxylate formed from Hyp is predominantly converted to glycine and glycolate by AGT and GRHPR, respectively. A small portion of the glyoxylate appears to escape metabolism in these pathways and is converted to oxalate by LDH.
Our results of studies on gelatin ingestion in normal subjects suggested that the glyoxylate formed from Hyp is efficiently converted to glycine. The ingestion of 500 mg of dietary Hyp (∼7 g gelatin) increased urinary output of glycolate by 10–20 mg and oxalate by 1–3 mg (13). This amount of oxalate would represent 3–10% of the oxalate normally excreted in urine. In PH1 and PH2, this efficient metabolism of glyoxylate is perturbed, due to the deficiencies in AGT and GRHPR activities. It is striking that in many PH1 patients the sum of the glycolate and oxalate excreted in urine is ∼300 mg/day and close to the expected size of the Hyp-derived glyoxylate pool (7), suggesting Hyp metabolism in PH patients could account for the majority of the oxalate produced.
To increase our understanding of the pathology and the altered metabolism associated with PH and to test new treatment strategies, animal models will be potentially valuable tools. A mouse model of PH1 that lacks AGT activity and retains many of the features of the PH1 phenotype has been previously described (16). In this report, we describe the phenotype of GRHPR KO mice and compare how Hyp is metabolized in both mouse models.
Reagent grade chemicals were obtained from either Sigma (St. Louis, MO) or Fisher Scientific (Pittsburgh, PA). Trans-4-l-hydroxyproline for feeding studies was purchased from Sigma.
GRHPR heterozygous mice with mixed 129/Sv and C57Bl6 background were developed by Lexicon Genetics (Woodlands, TX) from an ES clone (OST383093) with the trapping retroviral vector (VICTR37) inserted in the first intron of the GRHPR gene. GRHPR heterozygous mice were intercrossed to generate GRHPR KO and wild-type mice, and these animals of mixed background were used to obtain phenotypic data. To place the mutation in a homogenous genetic background, male mice heterozygous for GRHPR were backcrossed with C57BL6 females for 12 generations, and they were finally intercrossed to produce homozygous GRHPR KO mice. Mice were genotyped by tail snip DNA, using a PCR with primers Gr-F2: 5′-CTTGCCTCCTTGGATACTCG-3′, Gr-R: 5′-CACTCTCACCTCCTCCCAAA-3′, and LTR2: 5′-ATAAACCCTCTTGCAGTTGCATC-3′. Agarose electrophoresis of PCR products yields a 289-bp product for the wild-type allele (primers F2&R) and a 173-bp product for the trapped allele (primers F2<R2). The development and genotyping of AGXT KO mice have previously been described (16). AGXT KO mice with the pure C57Bl6 background were used for these studies. Mice were maintained in a barrier facility with a 12:12-h light-dark cycle and an ambient temperature of 23 ± 1°C and had free access to food and water. All animal studies were approved by the Institutional Animal Use and Care Committee.
Metabolic cage collections.
Animals were equilibrated to metabolic cages for 1 wk. Any animals that did not equilibrate to the metabolic cage in this time, as measured by inconsistent food intake and weight gain, were not used for further experiments. After equilibration, three 24-h urines were collected. The mean of these three collections was used to characterize the urinary phenotype of each animal. Urines were collected on mineral oil to limit evaporation and to prevent gaseous exchange, which can alter the pH of the urine. Urine collections with creatinine values 25% lower/higher than mean values for each animal were considered incomplete/over collections and were discarded. Mice were fed a purified casein/lactalbumin-based test diet. The nutrient composition of this diet has been previously described (1) and contains 2.56 calories/g wet wt, 19.5% protein, 16% lipid, 64.6% carbohydrate, 10% fiber, 5 mg/g calcium, 0.04 mg/g oxalate, 0.06 mg/g glycolate, and no Hyp.
Hyp feeding.
Male wild-type, AGXT KO, and GRHPR KO animals (n = 6) were fed the purified diet containing 1% Hyp for 1 wk, and 24-h urines were collected on the last 3 days. Animals were then killed for blood, kidney tissue, and bladder stone enumeration. Another group of animals (n = 6) was maintained for 4 wk on this Hyp diet and blood was collected for plasma cystatin C measurements at weeks 0, 1, 2, and 4 wk. Cystatin C serum concentration is an indicator of renal function (17). Mouse plasma cystatin C was measured by ELISA, according to the manufacturer's instructions (R&D Systems). After 4 wk, animals were killed for kidney tissue analysis and bladder stone enumeration.
Histological analysis.
Tissues were either fixed in 4% buffered paraformaldehyde and embedded in paraffin or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and sectioned with a cryostat. All tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and calcium (Yasue) and collagen (sirius red) staining were performed on kidney slides (19). Kidney sections from a PH1 patient with nephrocalcinosis were used as a positive control for the calcium oxalate staining.
Sample preparation.
For oxalate determination, part of the urine collection was acidified to pH < 1.0 with hydrochloric acid before storage at −80°C to prevent any possible oxalate crystallization that can occur with cold storage and/or oxalogenesis associated with alkalinization. The remaining urine was frozen at −80°C for the measurement of other urinary parameters. Plasma was stored at −80°C. Plasma preparations were filtered through Nano-sep centrifugal filters (VWR International, Batavia, IL) with a 10,000 nominal molecular weight limit, and the ultrafiltrate was diluted twofold with 0.8 M boric acid before ion chromatography (IC). Centrifugal filters are contaminated with oxalate (5) and were thus washed with 0.1 M HCl before sample filtration. Liver and kidney tissue were freeze-clamped in liquid nitrogen immediately after death and stored at −80°C. Liver tissue was extracted with 7% perchloric acid (PCA) before glyoxylate analysis. For renal oxalate measurements, kidney tissue was homogenized in 2 M HCl.
Analytical methods.
Creatinine, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, urea-N, and uric acid levels in urine were measured on a Beckman C5E Analyzer. Sodium and potassium in urine were measured by ion-specific electrodes, and other analytes using commercial kits, following protocols provided by the manufacturer. Glyoxylate was measured in liver PCA extract by reversed phase HPLC after derivatization with phenylhydrazine, as previously described (12). Oxalate was determined in urine and plasma by IC, as previously described (11). Reagent-free IC coupled with negative electrospray mass spectrometry (Dionex) was used to measure glycolate and glycerate in urine and plasma, as previously described (11).
A Coomassie Plus protein assay kit (Pierce, Rockford, IL), with BSA as the standard, was used to determine protein concentrations in tissue preparations.
d-Glycerate dehydrogenase activity.
d-Glycerate dehydrogenase (DGDH) activity was used as an index of glyoxylate reductase activity and was measured using a sensitive HPLC method, as previously described (12).
Western blotting.
SDS-PAGE of tissue lysates was performed with a Bio-Rad Ready Gel System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA) under reducing conditions using a 6% stacking gel and a 12% resolving gel of acrylamide. After electrophoresis, samples were electroblotted from 12% (wt/vol) acrylamide gels onto Hybond-C nitrocellulose membranes (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ). Membranes were incubated for 1 h in 5% (wt/vol) nonfat dried milk dissolved in PBS, pH 7.4, containing 1% (vol/vol) Tween-20, followed by incubation for 1.5 h at room temperature with rabbit anti-sera to mouse recombinant GRHPR (1:8,000 dilution). The membrane was then washed and incubated for 1 h at room temperature with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G (0.2 μg/ml; Dako, Carpenteria, CA). GRHPR was visualized by using enhanced chemiluminescence (Amersham Biosciences). Antibodies against mouse GRHPR were raised in rabbits injected with His-tagged recombinant GRHPR protein, expressed in Escherichia coli using vector pET15 (Novagen, Madison, WI), purified by nickel-affinity chromatography and mixed with Freund's adjuvant (Sigma).
Bladder stone analysis.
Stones representative of the morphological types observed were crushed and analyzed with a powder X-ray diffractometer (D8 Advance, Bruker). Stone composition was identified with the Eva software of the Diffrac Plus suite (Bruker), using reference compounds.
Statistical analysis.
Analysis of data was performed using either a paired or unpaired t-test for the comparison of two means. Two-way ANOVA was used to test whether plasma cystatin C changed over time with 1% Hyp feeding and whether any changes were different among the different strains. Differences were considered significant if P ≤ 0.05.
Growth, development, and histology of GRHPR KO mice.
Western blot analysis showed GRHPR present in all tissues from wild-type animals that were examined with expression in the liver and kidney greater than in other tissues (Fig. 1). No expression of GRHPR was detected in tissues from GRHPR KO mice (Fig. 1). No differences were observed in the growth and development of GRHPR KO mice compared with their heterozygous or wild-type littermates. No differences were observed in the histological analyses of brain, lung, heart, stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, small and large bowel, gonads, and bone in the various genotypes. Kidneys from GRHPR KO mice were more thoroughly studied, with a total of 20, 6-mo-old males and four consecutive sections observed per mouse. Mild nephrocalcinosis, defined as occasional deposits of calcium oxalate in cortical and medullary tubules without significant tubular atrophy or interstitial fibrosis, was observed in five animals (25%). One animal showed moderate nephrocalcinosis, with mild tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Urine bladder stones were observed in 12 of the 20 animals (60%), similar to the incidence reported in AGXT KO mice in the same mixed genetic background (16). Eight mice had multiple, round stones, 0.5–1.5 mm in size, consisting of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and mixed COM and calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD) upon powder X-ray crystallography analysis. Four animals showed single, larger stones, 2–4 mm in diameter, and consisted of COD. The bladders of animals with stones showed marked signs of inflammation, with abundant mononuclear cell infiltrates in mucosa and muscle layers, and numerous epithelial erosions.
Biochemical analysis of GRHPR KO mice.
Biochemical analyses of plasma, urine, and tissue from GRHPR KO and wild-type mice are shown in Table 1. Significant differences between wild-type and GRHPR KO animals were observed in liver DGDH activity, plasma glycerate, and the urinary excretions of oxalate and glycerate. GRHPR KO animals had ∼40% higher plasma oxalate compared with wild-type animals, but this difference was not significant. There were no differences between wild-type and GRHPR KO animals in liver glyoxylate. Significant sex differences were observed in urinary glycolate, oxalate, and glycerate excretions. No change was detected in urine parameters in wild-type or GRHPR KO animals at 3, 6, or 12 mo of age (data not shown).
Hyp metabolism.
To determine how a deficiency in GRHPR and AGT modifies the metabolism of Hyp to oxalate and glycolate, 3-mo-old animals were fed diets containing 1% Hyp. Mean plasma Hyp levels increased ∼20-fold above basal levels and were similar in all three groups (Fig. 2). Both GRHPR and AGXT KO animals converted more of the Hyp metabolized to oxalate than wild-type animals. Urine oxalate excretion with Hyp feeding in wild-type, AGXT KO, and GRHPR KO animals increased 3.9-, 7.3-, and 8.5-fold above baseline, respectively (Fig. 3). Baseline urinary glycolate excretion was three- to sixfold higher in AGXT KO animals compared with wild-type and GRHPR KO animals, and it increased substantially with Hyp feeding (Fig. 4). Urine glycolate, however, was unchanged in the GRHPR KO mice. Following 1 mo of Hyp feeding, none of the wild-type animals had developed bladder stones. In contrast, all GRHPR KO and AGXT KO animals had bladder stones after 1 mo of Hyp feeding, but not after 1 wk. Renal histology showed no evidence of tissue crystal deposition in wild-type animals, and only two of AGXT KO animals (20%) had mild nephrocalcinosis (occasional small deposits both within the lumen and the epithelium/interstitium) after 1 mo of Hyp feeding. Previous work with AGXT KO animals showed mild nephrocalcinosis in ∼10% of males not fed Hyp (16). In contrast, all GRHPR KO animals had severe nephrocalcinosis after 4 wk, but not 1 wk of Hyp feeding. Two of the six GRHPR KO animals died on week 3 of Hyp feeding and had severe nephrocalcinosis on necropsy (Fig. 5). The bulk of calcium oxalate deposits in the 4-wk Hyp-fed GRHPR KO animals was located intraluminally, with some smaller interstitial deposits as well. Renal oxalate levels were measured in mice after 1 and 4 wk of Hyp feeding (Fig. 6). GRHPR KO animals showed approximately 4- and 150-fold increases in renal oxalate levels following 1 and 4 wk, respectively, of 1% Hyp feeding. Renal oxalate was lower in AGXT KO mice after 1 mo 1% Hyp feeding, but 2.5-fold higher than that in wild-type mice. Renal oxalate levels were measured in GRHPR KO mice in both the mixed genetic background and the pure C57BL6 background and there was no difference between the two backgrounds with either 1 wk (P = 0.24) or 4 wk (P = 0.71) of 1% Hyp feeding. Plasma cystatin C measurements (Fig. 7) in AGXT KO and wild-type animals increased 1.5-fold after 4 wk of Hyp feeding. However, this increase was not significant. In contrast, GRHPR KO showed a significant increase in plasma cystatin C after 2 wk of Hyp feeding (1.6-fold increase compared with baseline) and by 4 wk plasma cystatin C was 4.3-fold higher than baseline levels.
The phenotype of the GRHPR KO mouse indicates that it shares similar characteristics to individuals with PH2 in synthesizing elevated amounts of oxalate and glycerate in plasma. Whereas urinary glycerate excretion was elevated in female GRHPR KO mice, it was normal in male mice. This difference in urinary excretion of glycerate in the face of similar, elevated plasma glycerate suggests that glycerate was reabsorbed and metabolized in the kidney of male mice but not in females. The elevated syntheses of oxalate and glycerate are consistent with glyoxylate and hydroxypyruvate concentrations increasing in tissues due to the GRHPR deficiency, and their subsequent conversion to oxalate and l-glycerate, respectively, by LDH. Similarly, oxalate and glycolate excretion have been reported to increase in AGXT KO mice, consistent with the changes observed in individuals with PH1 (16). Thus, these KO mice should be good models for examining the consequences of AGT1 and GRHPR deficiencies in PH1 and PH2, respectively, and for testing new therapies that seek to overcome these reduced enzymatic activities.
Gender differences in wild-type and GRHPR KO animals were noted in oxalate excretion, with males excreting more oxalate than females. The increased oxalate production in the GRHPR KO males suggests that they may be the preferable sex to use where the induction of profound hyperoxaluria is desired. Notably, wild-type and GRHPR KO animals excreted similar amounts of urinary glycolate, suggesting that the GRHPR-catalyzed conversion of glyoxylate to glycolate is not the most significant pathway for glycolate synthesis in mice. This observation supports our proposal that the glyoxalase-catalyzed conversion of the peroxidation product, glyoxal, to glycolate is the major source of glycolate synthesis in mammals (18).
Supplementing the diets of experimental animals with Hyp has been used as a model for the study of urolithiasis. Such models have included pigs, mice, and rats (8–10, 14). The mouse as a model has added benefits due to the wide range of available genetically modified animals that can be used to identify genes involved in calcium oxalate deposition. Both KO models responded to Hyp feeding with a substantial increase in oxalate synthesis. After 1 wk of Hyp ingestion, the urinary excretion of oxalate was similar in both the AGXT and GRHPR KO models. However, the oxalate concentration in renal tissue was three to five times higher in GRHPR KO mice compared with AGXT KO mice with 1 wk of Hyp feeding. Plasma cystatin C measurements in wild-type and AGXT KO animals showed a nonsignificant 1.5-fold increase, indicating renal function was not impaired with Hyp feeding. However, the observed increase could represent an increase in oxidative stress, as cystatin C has been reported to increase during chronic low-level inflammation (4). In contrast, plasma cystatin C levels in GRHPR KO animals increased significantly after only 2 wk of 1% Hyp feeding, indicating renal function was impaired. This greater sensitivity of the GRHPR KO mice to Hyp feeding implies that the presence of GRHPR activity in renal tissue of AGXT KO mice provides some protection against calcium oxalate deposition. Calcium oxalate deposition was assessed at 1 and 4 wk of Hyp feeding, and only after 4 wk was substantial crystal deposition observed in GRHPR KO animals, suggesting that an increase in the oxalate concentration in tissues may precede the formation of large crystal aggregates that can be visualized histologically. Our results reported here illustrate that Hyp-fed GRHPR KO mice will potentially be useful models for the study of crystals within renal tissue and their impact on inflammatory responses and renal function.
The increased production of oxalate from Hyp metabolism in GRHPR and AGXT KO mice has potential implications for the metabolism that occurs in PH1 and PH2. It has been estimated that in humans daily collagen turnover releases 240–420 mg Hyp/day that would result in the formation of 140–240 mg glyoxylate/day (13). Additional Hyp would also be obtained from dietary sources. The increased production of oxalate in the Hyp-fed mice in this study suggests that metabolism of this amino acid could make a substantial contribution to the excessive oxalate synthesis that occurs in individuals with PH1 and PH2. The quantification of the contribution of Hyp metabolism to oxalate in individuals with PH warrants examination to evaluate whether blocking this catabolic pathway would be a useful therapeutic strategy in this disease. Furthermore, our results suggest that individuals with PH should avoid the ingestion of Hyp-rich foods to limit the contribution of Hyp catabolism to oxalate synthesis.
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants DK54468 (to R. P. Holmes) and DK069331 (to S. D. Cramer) and SAF07-62343 (to E. Salido) from the Spanish Ministry of Science.
T. Takayama was supported in part from a grant from the Japanese Ministry of Science.
No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the author(s).
Author contributions: J.K., R.P.H., S.D.C., and E.C.S. conception and design of research; J.K., T.T., and E.C.S. performed experiments; J.K., R.P.H., and E.C.S. analyzed data; J.K., R.P.H., and E.C.S. interpreted results of experiments; J.K. and E.C.S. prepared figures; J.K., R.P.H., and E.C.S. drafted manuscript; J.K., R.P.H., S.D.C., T.T., and E.C.S. edited and revised manuscript; J.K., R.P.H., S.D.C., T.T., and E.C.S. approved final version of manuscript.
- Copyright © 2012 the American Physiological Society


text:
Traveling Luck for Interchange 81, Virginia, United States
Where is Interchange 81?What's around Interchange 81?
Wikipedia near Interchange 81
Where to stay near Interchange 81
The timezone in Interchange 81 is America/Iqaluit
Sunrise at 07:55 and Sunset at 17:55. It's Dark
Latitude. 37.6053°, Longitude. -77.4550°
Weather near Interchange 81; Report from Ashland, Hanover County Municipal Airport, VA 14.2km away
Weather :
Temperature: 2°C / 36°F
Wind: 0km/h North
Cloud: Sky Clear
Weather :
Temperature: 2°C / 36°F
Wind: 0km/h North
Cloud: Sky Clear
Satellite map around Interchange 81
Loading map of Interchange 81 and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Interchange 81, in Virginia, United States
- Local Feature;
- A Nearby feature worthy of being marked on a map..
- Interchange 81 (0km)
- Brook Hill Azalea Shopping Center (0.4km)
- Azalea Plaza Shopping Center (0.8km)
- Pine Camp (1.2km)
- Interchange 82 (1.8km)
- Interchange 80 (1.8km)
- Hermitage Country Club (1.9km)
- Lakeside Church (historical) (2.2km)
- Kingdom Hall of Jehovahs Witnesses (2.4km)
- First Baptist Church of Washington Park (2.5km)
- Lewis Ginter Botanical Gardens (2.7km)
- Lakeside Country Club (2.7km)
- Lakeside Country Club (2.8km)
- Hermitage Road Church of Christ (3km)
- Interchange 187 (3.2km)
- church;
- a building for public Christian worship.
- Emmanuel Church (0.4km)
- Stukeley Hall Baptist Church (1.5km)
- Victory Baptist Church (1.9km)
- Battery Park Christian Church (1.9km)
- Hatcher Memorial Baptist Church (2km)
- Calvin Presbyterian Church (2.2km)
- Overbrook Presbyterian Church (2.5km)
- Christ Ascension Episcopal Church (2.6km)
- New Friendship Disciples of Christ Church (2.7km)
- Saint Johns Baptist Church (2.7km)
- Lakeside United Methodist Church (2.8km)
- Ginter Park United Methodist Church (2.9km)
- Ginter Park Baptist Church (3.1km)
- Christ Lutheran Church (3.2km)
- school;
- building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place.
- Henderson Middle School (1.5km)
- Marshall High School (1.8km)
- Henrico High School (2.4km)
- Ginter Park School (2.6km)
- Washington Park School (historical) (2.6km)
- Scott School (2.8km)
- Lakeside School (2.9km)
- Laburnum School (3.1km)
- stream;
- a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- Trumpet Branch (1.2km)
- North Run (1.4km)
- Flippen Creek (2.1km)
- Jordans Branch (2.3km)
- Thorpe Branch (3.1km)
- populated place;
- a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work.
- Brook Hill (1.2km)
- Ginter Park (2.4km)
- Lakeside (2.4km)
- Cloverland (3.2km)
Accommodation around Interchange 81
- park;
- an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation.
- Belmont Park (1.8km)
- Ginter Park Historic District (2.6km)
- Joseph Byran Park (2.7km)
- Three Lakes Park (3.2km)
- hospital;
- a building in which sick or injured, especially those confined to bed, are medically treated.
- Westminster Hospital (1.1km)
- Pine Camp Sanitarium (historical) (1.2km)
- Westbrook Psychiatric Hospital (1.4km)
- cemetery;
- a burial place or ground.
- Emmanuel Cemetery (0.5km)
- Forest Lawn Cemetery (2.4km)
- section of populated place;
- a neighborhood or part of a larger town or city.
- Washington Park (subdivision) (2.5km)
- building(s);
- a structure built for permanent use, as a house, factory, etc..
- tower;
- a high conspicuous structure, typically much higher than its diameter.
- WTVR-AM (Richmond) (2.2km)
- post office;
- a public building in which mail is received, sorted and distributed.
- dam;
- a barrier constructed across a stream to impound water.
- Youngs Pond Dam (1.9km)
- reservoir(s);
- an artificial pond or lake.
- Youngs Pond (1.9km)
Wikipedia entries close to
Interchange 81
- Lakeside, Virginia city city o
- Chamberlayne, Virginia city city o
- Richmond International Raceway landmark sport
- Dumbarton, Virginia city city o
- Laurel, Virginia city city o
- Richmond (Virginia) city city e
- Virginia Commonwealth University landmark education
- East Highland Park, Virginia city city o
- Glen Allen, Virginia city city o
- Virginia State Route 353 landmark traffic
- Virginia State Capitol landmark building
- Battle of Beaver Dam Creek landmark military
- Mechanicsville, Hanover County, Virginia city city o
- The West End (Richmond, Virginia) city city o
- Tuckahoe, Virginia city city o
- Montrose, Virginia city city o
Airports close to Interchange 81
Richmond international(RIC), Richmond, Usa (20.2km)
Felker aaf(FAF), Fort eustis, Usa (113.2km)
Quantico mcaf(NYG), Quantico, Usa (123.4km)
Newport news williamsburg international(PHF), Newport news, Usa (123.8km)
Langley afb(LFI), Hampton, Usa (139.8km)


text:
I wanted to ask if anyone knows where "Mighty Magician's Gloves" Drop. They are level 20 and if anyone knows where these drop i would appreciate it alot.
Drop Question!
Started by Xarlees, Sep 29 2012 04:21 AMmight magician glove glove mighty magician drop
1 reply to this topic
Posted 29 September 2012 - 04:21 AM
- 0
Posted 29 September 2012 - 04:55 AM
all loot can be found in any zone depending on what level you are. If you're around that level there's a chance for them to drop. If those are the green ones there's also a chance of you getting them from completing level 15-25 zones. magic find gear also helps
- 0
Also tagged with one or more of these keywords: might magician glove, glove, mighty, magician, drop
The Gathering - [Guild Wars 2] →
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Bar & Restaurants in Johannesburg
We cannot speak for all restaurants in Johannesburg in saying that our kitchen has perfected traditional and exceptionally well prepared meals. New A la carte style menus and Sunday Buffets served in tranquil ambiance.
A Main and Ladies Bar offering you the time to relax and enjoy unforgettable cocktails and traditional drinks in true Lido style.
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Passenger strips inside aircraft toilet, harasses crew members
A flyer on IndiGo's Bhubaneswar-Delhi flight allegedly stripped inside the lavatory and even asked the air-hostesses for assistance in doing so. According to a report by Times of India, the incident occurred last month.
After going to the aircraft lavatory, the man pressed the call bell after which the crew immediately went and found him in a state of undress. The female crew member he called refused to go inside the lavatory.
The harassment did not end there, as the man came out and continued to pass derogatory comments towards the crew member, while passengers were being secured for landing.
The captain of the flight was informed by the crew after which he alerted security agencies in Delhi, who nabbed him after landing.


text:
|21 Oct 2012
The overall loudness/volume decrease when Windows is re-install!
The topic says it all. I thought it was just me but i asked a few of my friends and they noticed the same thing. Whenever i re-do my windows,the overall volume is greatly decreased and i mean with master volume of the windows maxed out. After a few days or weeks the volume gets back up where you can actually understand a songs lyrics. Any solution?
|My System Specs
|21 Oct 2012
Windows 10 64 bit
I've never heard of this. Are you installing the correct sound driver when you reinstall? The generic Windows installed "HD Audio Codec" is a basic function sound driver, the PC or Motherboard vendor, as applicable, sound driver is preferred.
|My System Specs
|21 Oct 2012
the generic windows installed drivers do not work for me for some reason,so i HAVE to install the specific drivers of my motherboard. Either from the disc or online.
|My System Specs
|Thread Tools
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how to decrease copying speed of any data in windows 7
Hello, everyone I am running a cyber cafe/Internet Cafe.I have 10 client computers and one server. I have total 6TB Hard disk in my Server Computer.I share data on LAN. (Workgroup. Not Domain).Each client computer has 2 GB Ram with windows 7 ultimate.The most of customer come here for copying...
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Looking for a way to decrease display size of windows for 32" LCD TV
Hi, guys...looking for an assist for this issue. I'm used to using a dual monitor setup and having a bunch of windows open, spread all over between the two monitors. Opportunity came up to get a (cheap) 32" HD LCD TV...so I thought it would be worthwhile to swap the dual monitors out for one...
|General Discussion
How to Increase and Decrease Volume through registry in windows 7
:D Help i need this thank u:shock:
|Sound & Audio
Decrease Minimizing/Maximizing windows delay?
How do I decrease the delay between minimizing and maximizing windows? I just re-enabled Aero from Classic to repair another issue and now I have this issue. When I minimize or maximize a window, I see the top bar travel from the top to the taskbar or the taskbar to the top respectively, shrinking...
How to increase max volume and decrease minimum volume
I use W7's volume control for the studio monitors I use. It's not practical to use the knob on the monitors since it is located in the back. The max volume (100%) in W7 is not loud enough while the minimum volume (0%) still makes sound when Id like it to be mute if it's at 0% How can this be...
|Sound & Audio
sound volume/loudness low, help.
I'm running windows 7 build 7000, whether it's mp3, wav, flv, avi, etc.. no matter what application I'm using; winamp, wmp, wmc, gom player, nero showtime, quicktime, powerdvd, etc.. the sound volume/loudness is so low. so low it's lower than 50% of that on xp. I've maxed everything in volume...
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Sharpshooter O'Neill opts to take his point
Wicklow 0-14 Derry 1-11
An injury-time point by Jonathan O'Neill from a penalty secured Wicklow a share of the points at Aughrim yesterday.
This was the fourth meeting of the teams in two years and there was never more than a puck of a ball in it in the three previous matches, all won by Wicklow.
Derry came to Aughrim determined to reverse that trend and they hit the ground running, Jarlath Mulholland and Ruairi Convery easing them into an early two-point lead.
And when Andy O'Brien halved the deficit, Derry responded immediately when Shane Farren blasted to the net before hitting a free to put the northerners 1-3 to 0-1 ahead after nine minutes.
Gradually Wicklow clawed their way back to take a 0-9 to 1-5 lead at the break.
Derry again set the pace after the restart with a brace of points from the impressive Farren and another from Convery.
The sides were level three times during the second half but Derry were forcing Wicklow to play catch-up and they held a 1-11 to 0-13 advantage as the game went into injury-time.
Wicklow kept plugging away, with corner-back Jim Connors playing a stormer.
And in injury-time, Andy O'Brien was brought down after rounding his man. It must have been tempting for O'Neill to go for broke from the penalty, but prompted from the sideline, he opted to take a safe equaliser.
Man of the Match: Jim Connors (Wicklow)
Scorers -- Wicklow: J O'Neill 0-11 (8f), A O'Brien, E Glynn, R Keddy 0-1 each. Derry: S Farren 1-4 (3f), R Convery 0-4 (1f), O McCloskey, P McCloskey, J Mulholland 0-1 each.
Wicklow -- J Murphy 7; Jim Connors 9, G Keogh 6, E Dunne 5; T Doyle 6, B Cuddihy 6, G Bermingham 7; E Kearns 7, R Keddy 6; J Quirke 5, S Kelly 6, W O'Gorman 6; A O'Brien 7, J O'Neill 8, E Glynn 6. Subs: P Farrell for J Quirke, J Connors for E Dunne.
Derry -- O Doherty 6; J McCloskey 7, R McCloskey 7, L Hawkins 6; M Warnock 6, A McCloskey 7, L Hinphey 7; O McCloskey 7, D McCloskey 7; R Convery 7, J Mulholland 6, A Grant 6; S Farren 8, P McCloskey 8, A Kelly 6. Subs: K Gilmore for A Kelly, S McGuigan for J Mulholland, C Convery for M Warnock, S McNicholl for A Grant.
Ref -- D Hughes (Carlow)
Irish Independent


text:
- Home
- Other Makes
- Toyota
- Toyota Corolla AE86
- Clutches
- SPEC Aluminum Flywheel For Toyota Corolla SR5, GTS
The automotive component most responsible for insuring optimum clutch performance and life is the flywheel. The flywheel's contribution to power transfer is three-fold.
Firstly, the flywheel should provide a consistent and friction enhancing surface for the clutch disc. Flywheels also aid in proper inertia, which is determined by the flywheel weight. Inertia controls the ratio of power to acceleration and can make a vehicle faster or slower based on gear ratio, tire type, vehicle weight, power output and even the location in the powerband output is achieved. The weight of a flywheel and amount of inertia it provides can also effect drivability. Lastly, the flywheel must provide a true balance at rpm, which means no dimensional runout that produces engine damaging and power robbing vibrations and allows smooth engine revolutions.
SPEC flywheels are CNC manufactured at an unheard-of .001 tolerance, in an industry where the standard is .010. This precision manufacturing process ensures perfect balance and a perfectly flat bedding surface for the clutch disc, both of which also contribute to the ultimate in safety for competitive environments. All SPEC flywheels carry SFI certification. (sfi link)
To allow for specific inertia needs, SPEC flywheels are made in high carbon billet steel and aircraft quality billet aluminum. The aluminum and most steel SPEC units are rebuildable and feature a replaceable steel friction plate that is made from a friction- enhancing steel metal specially formulated for optimum clutch bedding and holding power. The aluminum and steel materials provide a light and medium weight option for all types of racing. SPEC spends a lot of time and effort on research and development of optimum flywheel dimensions and weights for all types of driving and racing and can optimize your MOI (moment of inertia) to maximize your car's output and performance.
***This image is a stock image and the clutch/flywheel for your specific
application may vary from the picture. For vehicles with factory dual
mass flywheels please call to confirm clutch and flywheel fitment BEFORE
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The Township of Huron-Kinloss publishes a newsletter twice a year, which is then distributed to residents with their tax bill(s). Please see the right side for our most recent newsletters.
Weekly News
Huron-Kinloss Cultural Action Plan and Mapping Project
The Cultural Action Plan Project is focused on defining and enhancing the culture of Huron-Kinloss. Culture can include everything from our agricultural heritage and family history, to how we express ourselves and our favourite movie.
Cultural Plan Poster.pdf (210 KB)
- 2016- HK Summer Fall Newsletter (51 KB)
Contact Us
Phone: 519-395-3735
Fax: 519-395-4107
Email: email@example.com
21 Queen Street, P.O. Box 130, Ripley ON N0G 2R0


text:
Strap material: Genuine leather
Strap colour: Dark brown crocodile
Case colour: Rose gold
Dial colour: Eggshellwhite
Index: Swarovski stones
Movement: Japan quartz movement
Size(diameter): 26 mm
Height of casing: 6 mm
Water resistant 3ATM avoid all contact with water
All straps are interchangeable towards its own collection
What does "water resistant 3ATM" mean?
We recommend that you do not use your DW-watch in contact with water, although it's protected in everyday life like accidental splashes, car washing or wash up dishes etc. - It is resistant against perspiration, water vapor and rain drops. Water resistant = "accidental wetting".


text:
John Gardiner is the Senior User Acquisition & Finance Manager at Big Viking Games – a leading social and mobile game development studio with offices in London and Toronto.
You can learn more about their export success here.
1. What was your first export sale?
Our first export sale came because one of the properties we started the company with was already exporting. It would have been on Day 1 in September 2011.
2. How did that first export opportunity arise?
It came about through Facebook. The players pay Facebook and then every month, Facebook remits to us the amount minus their fee. We pay to be on Facebook because they have the huge player base and market. We can also advertise on it. It's not cheap to be on that platform, but we get the most traction on Facebook; it's our biggest source of revenue. We also have a couple of games on the Apple and Google mobile app stores.
3. When it comes to exports, what do you know now that you wish you'd known then?
I would say our biggest learning throughout the whole four years is the effect that foreign exchange can have on the business. There's a lot of good and bad depending on how it swings. Learning how to adjust and protect ourselves against large swings in currency [is important]. The swings are out of our control, but there are things we can control, whether it's hedging, or taking money out at opportune times. Facebook pays us all in U.S. dollars. About 95 per cent of our revenue is from international players, largely from the U.S.
4. How has the trading world changed since you started in business?
For us, the biggest change has been the global shift towards mobile games, coupled with the massive growth of our adjustable market. In the U.S. in 2015, video games were a $23.5 billion industry with more than 155 million regular players. For us, two of our biggest games are targeted towards women over 35, and if you look at the gaming market as a whole, that's the biggest growing segment of the market since we started as a company. My mom plays games more than I do now. That's the big surge in video games.
5. What is the #1 thing new SMEs need to know about export and trade?
I would say having a good understanding and a plan for handling taxes, because depending on where you're selling and where you're distributing your products, knowing the tax implications is really huge, and also taking advantage of the government support available to you.