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Control Engineering's Process Control Newsletter for October 2000
In this issue:
- Fieldbus war, or first battle?
- Quality and customer service reader feedback
- Webcast reader feedback
- October in Control Engineering
- Dave's public service announcement
Fieldbus war, or first battle?
The fieldbus wars re-erupted a few months ago when Endress+Hauser (E+H) accused Fisher-Rosemount (F-R) of being unfair in how they share fieldbus-related patents with the rest of the industry.
Following this story got me wondering-there are over 120 FOUNDATION Fieldbus members, so if this is such a big deal, why aren't companies like ABB, Foxboro, Honeywell, Rockwell, Siemens, etc. backing E+H's play? What possible reason would keep these companies from ganging up on F-R and making them say 'uncle?' Could it be that F-R is not the only company that's holding patents related to fieldbus technology?
It didn't take long to learn that, sure enough, other companies do hold, and/or have applied for a variety of patents they believe give them a competitive advantage in their fieldbus product development endeavors. So, what appears to be a war between E+H and F-R could actually be the first of many battles.
In the meantime, the civilian population (read: end users) are the ones getting hurt-just like it's been since 1984 when we all believed competing companies would set aside their own interests and hammer out a standard that delivered a single interoperable fieldbus.
Now don't get me wrong-I favor the free enterprise system and I recognize companies have a right to develop and protect intellectual properties. I'm not calling for an unconditional surrender of all fieldbus patents by all manufacturers. But I'm extending the recommendation Dick Caro (ARC Advisory Group, Dedham, Mass.) made in his September 6th 'ARC Insights' report to include all manufactuers.
I'm recommending all manufacturers 'unconditionally surrender all patents necessary to implement basic fieldbus technology, including the coexistance of multiple fieldbuses on the same physical media, for the term of the patents.' Who wants to go first?
To read CE 's ongoing coverage of this latest fieldbus battle, visit:
Clarification sought on `patent protected' parts of IEC 61158
Fisher-Rosemount, Fieldbus Foundation deny Endress+ Hauser's infringement concerns
Limits reported on access to fieldbus standard-related patents
Fisher-Rosemount calls E+H's fieldbus-related patent attacks 'total trash'
September reader feedback on quality and service experiences
Last month I asked readers to share their opinions about the impact on product quality and customer service as a result of the many control and automation company mergers, acquisitions, etc. It was as if a bunch of people had been waiting for someone to ask their opinion. I'm sorry to report I did not receive a single positive response. The complaints can't be traced to one or two suppliers, an industry segment, or a product type.
Nope, it appears just about every supplier is failing to meet customer expectations for quality and customer service.
There is a customer belief that mergers and acquisitions among the motor control and variable frequency drive companies are causing a decline in product quality, a proliferation of incompatible products, and a lack (downsizing loss) of knowledge of what users want and need.
One reader shared how he had selected three bidders for a project, only to learn at the eleventh hour that one of the bidders was about to acquire one of the other bidders. This caused a need to select a new third bidder and start over. Before you dismiss this as an unfortunate situation that happened to some small company, it was not. This happened to a customer company with over $200 million per year in sales. Those kinds of customers are increasingly difficult to find and even more difficult to replace or win back.
Another area receiving a significant number of complaints is the lack of software quality and customer support for Microsoft NT-based devices. The DCS (distributed control system) era established customer expectations for product quality and customer support that customers say is not being met as we enter the Microsoft NT era. And if you think you can rely on your favorite integrator to supply that expertise, responses indicate you better think again.
I can also report that while a particular board-level computer company is immersed in working through some recent acquisition integration issues that apparently don't include quality and support, their customers are walking away. But that's okay-the company's press release said this acquisition will help them gain market share. Sounds like they'll need it.
There were some respondents who aren't looking to change suppliers, but you could sense the frustration when they describe the hoops they had to jump through just to obtain contact information on products produced by companies acquired two or three times, followed by a couple of division spin-offs. As the saying goes, 'Make it easy to do business, and the world will beat a path to your door.' Are you listening, mega-vendors?
I wasn't surprised at what I heard, and I'm guessing you aren't either. The good news is incentives that helped fuel many of these mergers ends next year. The bad news is, there is no assurance the quality and support problems will be addressed before some bean counter decides these companies are too large, too diversified, or too and we start hearing about 'demerging.'
Webcast reader feedback
Last month I asked for opinions about webcasts. For those companies conducting or considering a webcast, here's what viewers say they expect.
Webcasts need to:
Support online interactivity with viewers (i.e., Q&A);
Include recognized authorities as presenters, panel members, speakers, etc.;
Avoid 'talking-head' video;
Address industry-relevant topics;
Occur on Tuesday, Wednesday, or Thursday; and
Last about 40 to 50 minutes.
A few respondents/viewers said their companies do not permit webcast participation because of server and network loading issues, thus they must use slower modem connections or view archives. These viewers would prefer the webcast provider offer the option to download the presentation file, turn off the talking-head video and retain the audio (with presentation advancement queues) and online interactivity rather than sit through a herky-jerky presentation.
October in Control Engineering
Cover: Simulation Software in the Real World
This collection of short stories illustrates how and where the use of high-fidelity simulations has improved user company performance.
Hybrid Communications
HART networking: Here's a look at the original and widely used digital-over-analog networking protocol. How the system works, advantages and limitations, who uses it, and its future will be discussed.
Differential Flowmeters
Differential flowmeters continue to provide reliable flow measurement for many applications, despite the number of more sophisticated devices available. Jesse Yoder of Flow Research takes a look at the technologies available and how and when to apply them.
Distributed Control and I/O Strategies
Engineers' drive to shrink control real estate spur control trends that include embedded controllers, modular I/O modules with intelligent communications, and fieldbuses. This article discusses technologies and products that enable distributed control, and the benefits provided to manufacturing.
How to Build an Industrial Network
Gain practical advice on how to design and construct an industrial (fieldbus) network.
Product Focus: Board-Level Products
Original Control Engineering research examines trends and user issues with board-level products. Recent product descriptions from leading suppliers of boards used in automation and control will be included, along with research results.
Back to Basics: Feedforward in Motion
Learn how feedforward gains let you tune for faster performance without creating motion system instability. Coverage will include which forms of feedforward are common and how to set them, as described by an industry expert.
Dave's Public Service Announcement
Those who know Action Instruments likely know its founder, Jim Pinto. Mr. Pinto has been a long time supporter and critic of activities in and around control and automation. Frequently, Mr. Pinto uses poetry as his communication vehicle, including a poem criticizing the IEC eight-part fieldbus standard.
Given the latest fieldbus battles (see 'Fieldbus war, or first battle?' above), perhaps Mr. Pinto will put pencil to paper and come up with yet another fieldbus ditty.
Visit jimpinto.com to lighten your day and learn something at the same time.
Log in or create an account to submit your comment for this article.
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subset: commoncrawl


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Jan. 15, 2016
BIRMINGHAM, Ala. – Long-time football coach and Birmingham native David Cutcliffe has been selected as one of eight members of the Class of 2016 to be inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame. Cutcliffe has served as either an assistant or head coach at the collegiate level for 33 seasons.
Coach Cutcliffe began his career as an assistant football coach in 1976 at Banks High School, his alma mater, in Birmingham after graduating from the University of Alabama. He served in that position for four seasons until taking over the head coach position in 1980.
In 1982, Cutcliffe accepted his first position in college football, as he was hired as a part-time assistant coach by the University of Tennessee. He would spend the next 17 seasons in Knoxville, working his way up from that part-time position to passing coordinator, followed by offensive coordinator, and eventually assistant head coach.
Cutcliffe was part of five SEC Championship squads while at Tennessee, including the 1998 team that went 13-0 and won the national championship. He earned the Frank Broyles Award that season, which is given annually to the nation's top assistant coach. Now known as one of the best quarterbacks coaches in the game, Cutcliffe groomed the likes of Heath Shuler and Peyton Manning during his time with the Vols. Both of those quarterbacks were named SEC Player of the Year.
Following the 1998 season, Cutliffe took over as the head coach of the Ole Miss Rebels. He spent six seasons in Oxford, compiling a 44-29 (.603) record. He was voted as the SEC Coach of the Year in 2003 after guiding Ole Miss to a 10-3 season, earning a share of the SEC Western Division title and eventually winning the Cotton Bowl. That team was quarterbacked by Eli Manning.
After returning to Tennessee to serve as the offensive coordinator and quarterbacks coach for two more seasons, Cutcliffe moved on to Duke University in 2008, where he is currently the head coach. While in Durham he has led the Blue Devils to unprecedented success. He was named the ACC Coach of the Year in 2012 after leading Duke to the Belk Bowl, the first bowl appearance since 1994.
During the 2013 season, the Blue Devils won 10 games for the first time in program history. Cutcliffe's squad also claimed the ACC Coastal Division, earning a place in the ACC Championship Game. Along with being the ACC Coach of the Year for the second consecutive season, he was selected as the Coach of the Year by the Walter Camp Foundation and the Maxwell Football Club, the Bobby Dodd National Coach of the Year, the AFCA National Coach of the Year and the Sporting News Co-National Coach of the Year.
This past season, Cutcliffe added to his achievements, as the Blue Devils won the Pinstripe Bowl 44-41 in overtime over Indiana for the program's first bowl victory since the 1961 Cotton Bowl. His record in eight seasons in Durham is 48-53 (.475), making his overall record 92-82 (.529).
The newly elected Inductees for the Class of 2016 are as follows:
James Brooks – FootballDavid Cutcliffe – CoachingJim Fulmer – BasketballOscar Gamble – BaseballMartha Jones Lang – GolfChris Samuels – FootballCalvin Smith – Track and FieldAndrew Toney – Basketball
The newly elected eight inductees will bring the total of all Inductees since 1969 to 336.
The 48th Induction Banquet and Ceremony will take place in the Birmingham Ballroom, at the Sheraton Birmingham Hotel, on Saturday, May 21, 2016. For more Reception and Banquet Ticket Information can be purchased by contacting the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame Museum.
Get all the latest information on the team by following @AlabamaFTBL on Twitter and Facebook and AlabamaFBL on Instagram. General athletic news can also be found at UA_Athletics on Twitter and Instagram and AlabamaAthletics on Facebook.
"In Alabama, an atheist is someone who doesn't believe in Bear Bryant."
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They don't come from Milwaukee and they don't look like the type to guzzle down blue-collar beers, but this Austin-based quartet does serve up some sudsy, synth-y pop rock that will appeal to fans of Franz Ferdinand/Killers/Stills/Strokes. In fact, Michael Kingcaid (vocals/guitar/keys), Drew Patrizi (keys/guitar), John Farmer (bass) and Jeremy Bruch (drums) have opened for Franz, including a guest spot on their hometown show Austin City Limits. While there are quite a number of memorable tracks on their debut effort, Trying Never to Catch Up, it suffers a bit from musical schizophrenia, as if WMMF wants to show it can do it all at once. Veering from catchy '80s-tinged pastiches ("Idecide," "Hellodrama") to moody epics (the great "Judas" and the title track) to quieter numbers ("Almost Always Never," "Hopelist"), the band is simply all over the place. But it's only at the end that their real strengths come out, in the jaunty, Badfinger-style pop of "Sweet Lady" and "Building a Boat from the Boards in Your Eye." It's the style of these numbers that makes you want more of the same. Lyrically, there's an ocean of broken hearts crushed on the dozen tracks, but told more with the detachment of a novel rather than the overly florid emotion of a poem. Now, if Kingcaid could also just sing a pledge to stay away from those Julian Casablancas distorted vocals.
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Israel News
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UNRWA school damaged by fighting in Gaza.
(photo credit:REUTERS)
To cooperate or not to cooperate – that is the question.The state has a fateful decision ahead of it about whether to cooperate with the impending UN investigation of war crimes allegations against the IDF during the (possibly) just ended Operation Protective Edge.
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Results 1 to 2 of 2
Thread: Page Post
12-31-03, 03:07 #1Registered User
- Join Date
- Oct 2003
- Location
- Delhi, India
- Posts
- 16
Unanswered: Page Post
can anybody tell me how to do self posting of a form through  ??
You can better understand my problem in following steps:
1. I want to save the data in page1.jsp in a jave file by self posting it. I am doing that stuff on page form post.
2. I want to move to page2.jsp( specified as link  from page1.jsp, after the data is being posted into java file.
The design of page is having tabs for every page and upon click of any displayed number, it moves to that page through  tag...now suppose after entering the data, he moves to another page by clicking on the link, the data of previous form should persist in the java file by first storing it in the java file by self posting the page. I hope i am able to make my problem clear...
Thanx for ur cooperation and help.
12-31-03, 10:54 #2Registered User
- Join Date
- Oct 2003
- Posts
- 706
"A HREF=" is not going to deliver any POST-data anywhere. Only an HTML "FORM" can do that. And I wouldn't trust Java to be given a chance to scoop information off the form fields either, before the function is called. The information it gets, as I recall, is often old.
To me, this qualifies as a "magic trick." It might work on some browsers and in some situations but not in others. And it might require an amount of time to implement (and subsequent time to debug) that it's not going to repay. I'd look for another approach. Some "roads are less travelled by" .. for a reason.
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The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Roadmap initiative (www.nihpromis.org) is a 5-year cooperative group program of research designed to develop, validate, and standardize item banks to measure patient-reported outcomes (PROs) relevant across common medical conditions. In this article, we will summarize the organization and scientific activity of the PROMIS network during its first 2 years.
The network consists of 6 primary research sites (PRSs), a statistical coordinating center (SCC), and NIH research scientists. Governed by a steering committee, the network is organized into functional subcommittees and working groups. In the first year, we created an item library and activated 3 interacting protocols: Domain Mapping, Archival Data Analysis, and Qualitative Item Review (QIR). In the second year, we developed and initiated testing of item banks covering 5 broad domains of self-reported health.
The domain mapping process is built on the World Health Organization (WHO) framework of physical, mental, and social health. From this framework, pain, fatigue, emotional distress, physical functioning, social role participation, and global health perceptions were selected for the first wave of testing. Item response theory (IRT)-based analysis of 11 large datasets supplemented and informed item-level qualitative review of nearly 7000 items from available PRO measures in the item library. Items were selected for rewriting or creation with further detailed review before the first round of testing in the general population and target patient populations.
The NIH PROMIS network derived a consensus-based framework for self-reported health, systematically reviewed available instruments and datasets that address the initial PROMIS domains. Qualitative item research led to the first wave of network testing which began in the second year.
In May 2002, the Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) convened a series of meetings to chart a "roadmap" for medical research in the 21st century. The purpose of the roadmap is to identify major opportunities and gaps in biomedical research that no single NIH institute could tackle alone, but that the agency as a whole must address to maximize progress in medical research. The ultimate goal of the roadmap is to catalyze changes that are necessary for transforming new scientific knowledge into tangible benefits for people. It proposes a vision for a more efficient and productive system of medical research and identifies the most compelling opportunities in 3 areas: (1) New Pathways to Discovery, (2) Research Teams of the Future, and (3) Re-engineering the Clinical Research Enterprise.
The theme of New Pathways of Discovery addresses the need to advance our understanding of complex biologic systems, and to build a better "toolbox" for medical research in the 21st century by providing wide access to technologies, databases, and other scientific resources that are more sensitive, robust, and easily adaptable to the needs of researchers. The Research Teams of the Future initiative seeks to encourage scientists to test alternative models for conducting research, including the pursuit of unexplored avenues of research that carry a high potential for failure but also a greater chance for groundbreaking discoveries; stimulating new ways of combining skills and disciplines in the physical and biologic sciences; and encouraging novel partnerships, such as those between the public and private sectors, to accelerate the movement of scientific discoveries from bench to bedside. Re-engineering the Clinical Research Enterprise is designed to accelerate and strengthen the clinical research process by adopting a systematic infrastructure to better and more efficiently serve the field of scientific discovery.
One of the programs within the re-engineering the Clinical Research Enterprise initiative involves dynamic assessment of patient-reported chronic disease outcomes. Supporting this initiative, in late 2004 the NIH initiated a multi-center cooperative group referred to as the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS). PROMIS will build and validate common, accessible item banks to measure key symptoms and health concepts applicable to a range of chronic conditions, enabling efficient and interpretable clinical trial and clinical practice applications of patient-reported outcomes (PROs).
Applications of item response theory (IRT) and advances in computer technology make it possible to improve health status measurement through the development and maintenance of item banks for measuring specified symptoms and health status domains.1,2 An item bank is more than a collection of questions about a particular symptom or functional problem; it is comprised of carefully calibrated questions that define and quantify a common concept and thus provide an operational definition of a trait.3,4 Item banks enable item comparison and selection and computerized adaptive testing (CAT) tools for tailored individual assessment without loss of scale precision or content validity.5–12 The PROMIS initiative is designed to help realize this potential at a national level, focusing on several important symptoms and health status domains that have relevance across chronic diseases. Valid, generalizable item banks and CAT tools can stimulate and standardize clinical research across NIH-funded research dealing with PROs. They may also assist individual clinical practitioners in assessing patients' responses to interventions and in modifying treatment plans on the basis of these responses.
The PROMIS network of clinicians, clinical researchers, and measurement experts is organized around 6 primary research sites (PRSs) and a statistical coordinating center (SCC), all of whom work closely with NIH project scientists representing several institutes of the NIH (Table 1). The 6 PRSs include investigators from Duke University, Stanford University, Stony Brook University, University of North Carolina, University of Pittsburgh, and University of Washington, along with several collaborating institutions. The SCC is based at the Center on Outcomes, Research, and Education (CORE) at Evanston Northwestern Healthcare and includes collaborators from UCLA, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, United BioSource Corporation and Westat, Inc. Figure 1 displays the organizational structure of the PROMIS.
A steering committee (SC) governs and assumes ultimate responsibility for the priorities and direction of the network. Comprised of the 7 principal grantees and 5 NIH scientists, it is the principal committee through which the NIH interacts and collaborates with the investigators. An independent scientific advisory board (SAB) provides over-sight and advice to promote the overall success of the network. It is the responsibility of the SAB to make recommendations that support the exchange of research tools and resources, encourage the adoption of common policies on data sharing, and lead in the creation of item banks. The SAB evaluates the PROMIS activities to ensure that the resources developed will be of maximal utility to the scientific community. The SAB also will solicit input and feedback from stakeholders to ensure the success of the PROMIS initiative. The SAB, appointed by the NIH, consists of 11 experts from academia, government, and industry (http://www.nihpromis.org).
The SCC has responsibility for providing and managing a secure, customizable, coordinated data management system for collection, storage, and analysis of data collected by the PRSs. With guidance from the PRSs and SC, the SCC assembled the PROMIS item banks and other questionnaires to be administered across the network. The SCC also coordinates, facilitates, and maintains information exchange and dissemination across scientific, administrative, and advisory tiers of the PROMIS network; standardizes protocols, study procedures and forms; develops end-user training materials for clinicians who will use the item banks and the CAT system; and works collaboratively with the PROMIS network to develop a public–private partnership to sustain the network beyond the project period. In support of this, the SCC convened a panel of 22 clinical research and health outcomes experts to advise the PROMIS network on relevance and feasibility for clinical research. This "Advisory Panel on Health Outcomes" (APHO) includes experienced content experts and clinical trialists in cross-cutting clinical areas such as pain and fatigue; clinical researchers in specialty areas such as oncology, rheumatology, endocrinology, mental health, neurology, cardiovascular disease, respiratory illness, rehabilitation medicine, pediatric, and adolescent medicine; and representatives from the pharmaceutical industry (for APHO members see http://www.nihpromis.org/network_structure/statistical_coordinating_center.asp). During the first year of PROMIS, input from the APHO was formally solicited. Specifically, review and comment were solicited for an early version of the PROMIS domain framework and the 5 health domains selected for study; the definitions of initial PROMIS domains (of critical importance to the item-revision and rewriting process); plans for targeting additional banks/domains in a second wave of item testing; and the process for building the PROMIS item bank. Formal panel input was also solicited from relevant members of APHO regarding issues such as response scale options and the composition of proposed item banks and applications.
PROMIS scientific activity is organized into 2 categories: independent research, conducted by individual PRS groups; and network activity, conducted collaboratively by all PRS group members with the SCC. Table 2 summarizes the independent projects. Articles in this issue13,14 describe early progress on 2 of these projects. This article focuses on the network activity over the first 2 years, which has been organized around the creation of the PROMIS Item Library and 3 interrelated protocols: (1) Domain Mapping, (2) Archival Data Analysis, and (3) Qualitative Item Review.
The domain groups combined domain-specific content expertise with analytic input from archival data to develop initial item pools. Each domain group is led by a PROMIS investigator with expertise in the area and includes additional members from across the PROMIS network. Each group also has an SCC liaison from the SCC Analysis Team to facilitate communication and coordination of efforts across domains and across network activities. Several protocols were developed to structure and standardize the effort. Domain group activity was guided by a domain framework protocol; the item review and selection/writing was guided by the Qualitative Item Review protocol, and the analysis of archival data to inform the process of item review was guided by the analysis protocol. Interaction and communication across these 3 protocol-driven activities is depicted in Figure 2.
The first task of the PROMIS network was to create a protocol for developing a domain map (framework) that portrayed the structure of each target domain and its conceptual framework or, where applicable, hierarchical structure. Existing outcome assessment questionnaires use an explicit or implicit framework that typically includes the concepts of physical function or limitation, mental health or distress, and social function, with many also including symptoms (eg, fatigue, pain). The SC-approved protocol for the domain mapping activity specified that the preliminary PROMIS framework would be developed through independent literature reviews by the Stanford PRS, the Pittsburgh PRS, and the SCC, followed by a consensus-building Delphi process and statistical analysis of available data regarding dimensionality of health status assessment. Early in the first year, the SC endorsed the World Health Organization (WHO) physical, mental, and social framework.15 Other organizing frameworks were considered, such as the WHO international classification of functioning and a 2-factor model of physical and mental health. However, after discussion and careful consideration, the SC opted to retain the WHO tripartite framework as compelling and sufficiently broad and inclusive to enable important social dimensions of health to be developed further than has been done to date. After achieving consensus on the broad WHO framework, the SC launched the Domain Mapping Protocol. Under this protocol, PROMIS network investigators used a modified Delphi approach to participate in multiple rounds of framework review and revision until consensus was reached on a detailed articulation of subordinate domains beneath the broad physical, mental, and social headings. First published in 2005,16 this was modified iteratively several times until unanimous agreement was reached from all members of the SC and Domain Committee Chairs. The current version of the PROMIS domain framework and can be viewed at http://www.nihpromis.org/reference_material/domain_framework.asp.
PROMIS experts in these 3 broad domains reviewed and refined the framework by specifying unidimensional subdomains they determined, through the pooling of literature review, data analysis and consensus, to constitute the domain. Physical health was thereby divided into subdimensions of physical function and symptoms. In turn, physical function was divided into lower extremity function (eg, mobility), upper extremity function (eg, dexterity), and central function (eg, bending; twisting), and instrumental activities of daily living. As an example of the next layer of detail, lower extremity function ("mobility") was conceptually subdivided into categories, such as walking and climbing stairs, each of which was assigned specific items. The identified and prioritized symptom subdimension included pain and fatigue. Working definitions for all domains and subdomains were drafted and are available at www.nihpromis.org. Five subdomains were selected as the initial areas for PROMIS item bank construction: (1) Physical Functioning, (2) Fatigue, (3) Pain, (4) Emotional Distress, and (5) Social Role Participation. In addition to building item banks for these 5 domain areas, 1–2 global items were written to capture an overall evaluation of one's location on each domain, and overall health and quality of life.
A protocol for Archival Data Analysis was the second network protocol approved by the SC. The protocol specified an IRT-based statistical analysis plan developed with extensive input from a team of 20 coinvestigators and consultants. The SCC identified and reviewed large datasets that included PROs and, from these, selected 11 for protocol-driven analyses that would inform the building of item bank structure and content (eg, Medical Outcomes Study, Cancer Q-Score Project, Chronic Hepatitis C Study, NHLBI Cardiac Health Study [CHS], World Health Organization's Quality of Life [WHOQOL]-100 database; Table 3). After rigorous data quality review, items were extracted from the datasets and presented verbatim to each domain working group for review. Working groups identified items representing the 5 selected PROMIS domains (physical functioning, fatigue, pain, emotional distress [ED], and social role participation). Items were then subjected to IRT analyses by psychometricians from the SCC and PRSs. All results were reviewed collectively by the SCC analysis team and a summary was presented to the appropriate domain working group. The goal of this process was to better understand dimensionality in the 5 PROMIS domains, inform the revision of items in the item library, inform the identification of the most useful response sets, and guide new item construction. The data analysis plan for PROMIS items, which also guided the archival data analyses done in the first year of activity, is described in detail in the article by Reeve et al29 in this issue. Finally, the articles by Hays et al30 and Hill et al14 in this issue discuss specific applications of IRT for analysis of physical functioning in adults, and multidimensional quality of life in children.
The third protocol activated in the first year of PROMIS was the Qualitative Item Review (QIR) protocol. This protocol was supported by a library of items collected through multiple literature reviews and investigator input.
A critical first step in the creation of item banks is the building of an "item library." The PROMIS item library is an extensive relational database of items gathered from existing PROs. The purpose of the library is to support the identification, cataloguing, refinement, and writing of items that serve as candidate items for future PROMIS item banks. The relational database includes several variables of interest including item context, item stem, response set, time frame, and instrument of origin with original item number if applicable. All PRS and SCC investigators submitted PRO instruments and items pertaining to any of 5 selected PROMIS domains (as given in the next section). Items were identified through literature review and expert consultation. Where applicable, the item library also includes data on modifications and intellectual property status of items.
The PROMIS item library includes over 10,000 entries, approximately 7000 of which relate to the 5 health domains chosen for initial bank development. Because of the library's size and the amount of content redundancy among items, a selection process was undertaken as part of the QIR protocol. We refer to this process as "binning and winnowing." First, all items in each domain were classified according to content ("binning"). After this "binning" process, a smaller set of items (approximately 1100) were reviewed and revised by domain experts through the QIR process ("winnowing"). The goal of winnowing was to eliminate those items that were either strikingly dissimilar to the identified domain (face invalidity), or highly similar to a better-worded item (redundancy). For detail, see article by DeWalt et al in this issue31 Information from the binning and winnowing process was catalogued in the Item Library. SCC staff conducted secondary independent item review to ensure consistency of winnowing across domains.
Although the nearly 7000 relevant items were being "binned and winnowed," focus groups were scheduled across multiple diseases at different sites to evaluate the comprehensiveness of the PROMIS domain framework and note any conceptual gaps in the domain definitions. To evaluate comprehension and relevance of items, cognitive assessments including cognitive interviews were scheduled with patient populations. Items were subsequently revised as needed to improve clarity, precision, readability, translatability, and fit to a CAT framework. The final items were then evaluated on numerous surface characteristics (eg, item measuring intensity or frequency).
The PROMIS network reached consensus on response options to use in the PROMIS item pool again using a modified Delphi approach. Each domain began by identifying response sets that would be most applicable to their domain. IRT experts provided input regarding the optimal number of response choices within a response set. Also, each domain group identified key instruments to be considered "legacy" instruments. These items will be included in future testing to aid in validation testing of the PROMIS item banks.
As represented in Figure 2, the Domain Mapping, Archival Data Analysis, and QIR processes are integrated and inform one another. The Domain working groups drive the process and decision making as they receive input regarding activity in each of the protocols. The end result of this interactive process is an item bank ready for network testing. The SCC serves as the hub of communication regarding network efforts. As such, the SCC faces the challenge of integrating the analytic expertise of the SCC analysis team and PRS psychometricians, the clinical and conceptual expertise of the Domain Mapping teams, and the methodological expertise of the qualitative item reviewers. The development of the item banks required extensive communication and interaction to inform not only item selection and writing, but also evaluation of the underlying PRO health model itself. We offer an example of this interaction using the case example of defining the subdomains and optimal items for the ED domain.
The domain team targeting ED measurement is led by Dr. Paul Pilkonis at the University of Pittsburgh. This group's work focuses on 4 subdomains of ED: anxiety, depression, anger, and substance abuse. The team's goal is to develop 4-item banks that are suitable for evaluation of various clinical populations.
Secondary analyses of several instruments informed the work of the ED Domain team, including the WHOQOL instrument, an internationally recognized instrument with content related to ED. The psychometric evaluations specified in the Data Analysis protocol were applied to the WHOQOL. This analysis was completed by Ron Hays and Karen Spritzer from the UCLA group, which was associated with the SCC. The dataset the investigators used is the largest in the United States to include the WHOQOL measure.32 The WHOQOL instrument includes measures of thinking (cognition, concentration), body image, and affect. An 18-item subset was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis and IRT modeling. Exploratory factor analysis results indicated 1 main factor and 3 additional factors, suggesting both multidimensionality and content heterogeneity. This multidimensionality contributed to poor fit of the data to unidimensional IRT models. Although the results were discouraging with respect to the prospect of applying IRT to this pool of "emotional" items, the evaluation underscores the benefits of conducting secondary data analyses before committing to what might otherwise seem to be a promising item set.
A different experience occurred with the analysis of the ED items from the CHS. This longitudinal, multicenter study monitored the cardiovascular health of more than 5000 individuals with the goal of estimating the incidence and prevalence of coronary heart disease and stroke.33,34 The ED domain team identified 19 items in the CHS database they believed to be relevant to the ED domain. The percentage of missing item responses ranged from 13% to 19%. For most items, responses were skewed toward lower values; that is, relative to the range of the scale, more of the sample reported lower ED. Three of the 4 items that had more than 5 response options had one or more category that was endorsed by less than 1% of the sample.
Another feature evaluated according to the analysis protocol29 was item monotonicity. Monotonicity refers to the requirement of IRT models that people who rate an item at the lowest (worst) option for that item indeed have worse scores than those who rate that item at the next (better) option. The probability of endorsing or selecting an item response indicative of better health should increase as one's underlying health increases (monotonically up the set of response options). When monotonicity is met, the proportion of people "passing each step" on the response scale is larger for those with higher scale scores. When the predicted order is reversed, this is a "violation" of monotonicity. In this ED domain analysis of the CHS database, only 1 item failed to increase monotonically ("When you have an important decision to make, do you have someone you can talk to about it?"). This item originally had 6 categories (0 = no, 1 = seldom, 2 = sometimes, 3 = often, 4 = very often, 5 = always). The lower categories were disordered, but by collapsing categories 0–3, monotonicity was restored.
The PROMIS domain framework identifies the subdomains that are hypothesized to comprise each domain. The ED subdomains include "internalizing" symptoms of depression and anxiety, and "externalizing" aspects such as anger and alcohol abuse (see www.nihpromis.org and Ref. 16). Based on this hierarchy, the domain team reviewed CHS items originally judged to represent the ED domain. In the original review, the decision was to err on the side of inclusiveness. In the re-examination, however, 7 items were identified as not consistent with the Emotional Distress domain and were reclassified as "Social Functioning." Not all of the retained items fell neatly within a single subdomain. One item was classified as Anxiety, and 3 others were identified as Anxiety/Depression. Six items were classified as Depression, and 2 were classified as tapping positive psychologic states.
Two fundamental assumptions of unidimensional IRT models are that a single trait determines how people respond to items and that those items are locally independent, that is, there should be little association between responses to 2 items beyond that accounted for by the underlying trait. The PROMIS team evaluated the dimensionality and local independence of the CHS ED items using confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). All CFA's were conducted using MPlus35 and tested the fit of a 1-factor model. The estimation procedure used was weighted least squares with mean and variance adjustment. The extent of local dependency was evaluated by examining item residual correlations. When items are perfectly locally independent, correlations between pairs of residuals should be zero. Two separate CFA's were conducted. Item Pool 1 included all items except those reclassified as social support. Item Pool 2 included the subset of items classified either as Anxiety/Depression or Depression Only (excluding social support).
The results for Item Pool 1 indicated poor fit to the unidimensional model and failure of the assumption of local independence. These results supported the decision to exclude the items reclassified as Social Support. The fit for the combined Anxiety/Depression and Depression Only items was below conventional standards for good fit in model testing applications. However, this reduced pool of items more closely approximated a unidimensional model. The items may be "sufficiently unidimensional" for scaling using an IRT model. Analysis of similar data sets may clarify circumstances where it is reasonable to calibrate depression and anxiety items as a single unidimensional pool.
Using Parscale and expected a priori estimation, the 10 Anxiety/Depression and Depression Only items were calibrated using the graded response model. Persons' calibrated Anxiety/Depression scores ranged from −3.93 to 1.33. The item category difficulties, however, ranged only from −1.54 to 0.56. If these items were to serve as the core of a CAT item bank, they would need to be augmented with items that better targeted both the low and high ranges of the trait. Such evidence argues for item bank development, which "builds out" from the core set of questions to provide better coverage of the continuum of measurement.
Another goal of the analysis was to assess the functioning of the response scales. When response categories are functioning well, there will be, for each category, some point along the trait continuum at which that category is the most likely response. Of the 10 Anxiety/Depression and Depression Only items, only half the items meet this criterion. The other items functioned, effectively, as 2 or 3 response category items. All of these findings were shared with the ED Domain working group and helped inform the group's item selection and writing activity for the network testing bank.
The SCC software development team started work immediately upon grant award. Early efforts were focused on (1) providing support systems for managing existing datasets; (2) developing the database system used to house the item library; and (3) providing technology systems to support binning, winnowing, and QIR. Existing systems provided by the SCC were modified for use in the scheduled mid-2006 network-wide field testing of all candidate items in the new PROMIS item banks. Network data collection is taking place using internet-based testing. In total, approximately 800 PROMIS bank items are being tested alongside established ("legacy") questionnaires in a cross-country sample in excess of 11,000 individuals. The items are administrated with demographics and general health items.
The software development team is also creating a publicly available system to administer the instruments developed by the PROMIS network for use in clinical research. The system will be designed to enable easy modifications and will allow clinical researchers to access a common repository of items and CATs. Information on the requirements of end-users is currently being gathered from network researchers, nonnetwork researchers, study coordinators, research assistants, psychometricians, statisticians, and technology experts, in addition to members of the PROMIS Scientific Advisory Board, and the NIH. The PROMIS Software system will provide online study-setup and management services for study coordinators in addition to CAT-based assessments and short forms for measuring targeted outcomes. Platforms for the software will include stand-alone computers, websites, personal digital assistants, and integrated voice response. In addition it will be possible to upload data from paper and pencil forms to the PROMIS data repository and aggregate those with data collected electronically. In most cases data will be centralized in real time and made available for individual or group reporting on demand. Under the leadership of an independent project at the University of Washington site, all systems are being developed to insure easy accessibility to people with special needs.
The PROMIS roadmap effort is an unprecedented major effort across NIH institutes to standardize and promote a common measurement system for PROs across clinical research. It represents a tremendous opportunity to unify the field of PRO measurement. However, this opportunity is not without its challenges and costs. Early decisions had to be made which by design precluded alternative and arguably equally fruitful directions. For example, the SC decided very early on that network-wide testing of PROMIS item banks should occur within 2 years of PROMIS inception. This decision enabled us to plan for a second wave of validation of PROMIS banks in target clinical populations within the initial 5-year funding period. At the same time, it required us to accelerate the consensus building process surrounding the PROMIS domain framework, and to expedite the QIR protocol activity. As a result, the PROMIS domain framework, which is best viewed as a perpetual work in progress, received only limited input from colleagues outside the PROMIS network and its advisors before widespread testing of constituent item banks. Similarly, although the qualitative research that led to the selection, writing, and rewriting of items was extensive and thorough, we continue to analyze the very rich data even after testing had begun. This implies that there may be some items in the banks being tested that could have benefited from further discussion and refining. We justified this approach with our commitment to revise and retest the item banks in clinical samples to obtain validity data in 2007–2009.
Another reflection with implications for future consequences regards an emphasis placed by the NIH, the PROMIS SAB, and the PROMIS SC on the needs of the clinical researcher. In an ideal world, PROMIS tools will be useful not only in research but also in clinical practice and health policy applications such as population health measurement or contribution to healthcare reimbursement. Consistent with our roadmap charge, we committed to a clear initial priority by ensuring utility for the clinical researcher. This focus has fueled a productive early emphasis on common chronic medical conditions (eg, cancer, heart disease, depression, arthritis) and clinical trial applications. Collaborations with clinical trials organizations in oncology, diabetes, arthritis, depression, and pelvic floor disorders are underway to test PROMIS measurement tools in clinical trials. In areas outside clinical trials, we have depended upon collaboration with other groups to link PROMIS measures to common measures of population health, or to measure individual patients in clinical practice settings.
Coordinating the PROMIS Cooperative Group in its first 2 years has been challenging and rewarding. The challenge comes from drawing together into a cohesive network several independent research projects led by many of the world's experts in patient-reported outcome measurement and analysis. The reward has been in witnessing how every one of these leaders and affiliated scientists recognize that the PROMIS effort is larger than their individual contributions. Compromise of personal convictions has at times been required. Over these first 2 years this has fostered colleagiality and a conviction that collaboration with respected colleagues outside the network will unify the field.
Supported by the NIH roadmap effort to re-engineer clinical research, the PROMIS is creating item banks to measure common (generic) health concepts. In our first 2 years, we established an interactive and functional cooperative group governed by a collaborative mix of funded investigators and NIH scientists. Three inter-related research protocols combined expert consensus, rigorous QIR from experts and patients, and empirical analysis of existing data. These efforts informed the building of new item banks that began testing in July 2006. After rigorous psychometric evaluation, the refined item banks will be used to produce clinical research tools such as static short forms and CAT. These tools will be made broadly available for use in clinical research and clinical practice. Collaboration with other groups conducting similar research is strongly encouraged. Information and updates are available at www.nihpromis.org.
Information on the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) can be found at http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/ and http://www.nihpromis.org.
This work was funded by the National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research, Grant (1U01-AR052177).
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


text:
CHI St. Luke's Health-Memorial Homecare to Close in October
According to a press release from CHI St. Luke's Health-Memorial, the hospital will be closing its Homecare department effective October 1st.
According to a press release from CHI St. Luke's Health-Memorial, the hospital will be closing its Homecare department effective October 1st.
In my last blog about JJ Watt, he was getting distracted by a cheeseburger at a press conference. This post is really different, and frankly has a lot more meat to it.
Randy Travis is thanking fans for their love and support while offering a few more details of the medical procedure he underwent to stabilize his heart. The singer is being treated for viral cardiomyopathy and has since transferred hospitals after being admitted on Sunday (July 7).
Proof that it's not just what you do in the studio or onstage, the Eli Young Band recently used there spare time to make a big difference.
If you're going to fall and hurt yourself, you might think a hospital lobby is a pretty lucky place to do it. After all, the building does house doctors and nurses who can tend to you right away.
That's what 82-year-old Doreen Wallace thought. But she was wrong.
Bluegrass stars, the Grascals, have teamed up with Dolly Parton, Joe Nichols, Darryl Worley, Charlie Daniels, and many other artists to release the song "I Am Strong." The song was inspired by the Grascals visit to St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital in Memphis in which they got to meet with many of the children who are battling cancer.


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Results 1 to 25 of 31
July 13th, 2006, 02:03 AM #1
[2006] Photo Blocker Spray-is it legal?
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New Invention Helps Drivers Avoid Costly Traffic Tickets!
Why should I be an affiliate?
Problem: Red light and speed cameras are ticketing drivers 24/7/365.
Solution: PhotoBlocker Spray helps drivers avoid getting costly tickets. A proven defense.
Your Benefit: Guaranteed, high, recurring income.
Think about it. No one likes to get unjust traffic tickets. Red light and speed cameras are popping up all over the world at an alarming rate. Motorists have paid in excess of $1 Billion dollars in fines to date. The public is in desperate need for an effective product that can provide relief. PhotoBlocker Spray helps motorists avoid traffic camera tickets legally.
How does PhotoBlocker Spray work?
Red light & speed cameras use a strong flash to photograph the license plate on your car. Once sprayed on your plate, PhotoBlockers special formula produces a high-powered gloss that reflects the flash back towards the camera. This overexposes the image of your license plate, rendering the picture unreadable. With PhotoBlocker, your license plate is invisible to traffic cameras yet completely legible to the naked eye, making it 100% legal.
Does it work? Does it sell?
It works so well that we have sold over 500,000 units. Tests by 5 police departments from around the world and news agencies have concluded the products to be effective. We have been featured in the Washington Post, Washington Times, Daily Mail, Wall Street Journal and on NBC, CBS, FOX, ABC and many more "
Anybody has idea about this new merchant on CJ? I myself question its legality.
July 13th, 2006, 02:16 AM #2
I'm not touching this one with a 10-foot pole...Kids, you tried your best and you failed miserably. The lesson is, never try. -- Homer Simpson
July 13th, 2006, 02:35 AM #3
Some reviews from Amazon.
"A friend of mine and me bought this and we tried it with a flash and telephoto lens ourselves. At one special angle the flash light was reflected a little off the plate but the number was still clearly readable. Absolutely useless and simply a hoax."
"The PhotoBlocker Spray DOES NOT WORK!!! I purchased the product last year and just received a speeding ticket. I am normally very careful when it comes to speeding and red lights, but I slipped. I was going 76 km. in a 60 km. speed zone. I saw the camera flash, when I was leaving the intersection, but hoped I wouldn't receive a ticket. I am extremely disappointed with this product and would never recommend it to anyone. I did use the product in the way it was described on the can, but obviously this made no difference. Do not buy this product, it is a complete waste of money!!!"
"Why are all the reviews with four stars so similar. I mean they all sound the same and none of the reviewers have reviewed more than one item or product. Seems odd to me. The one star reviewer has at least reviewed several products."
"There is a traffic camera near my office. One of my coworkers blew through the red light and got a ticket in the mail. I don't normally run red lights but I saw this product and thought I'd give it a try. I bought one can last summer and sprayed it on my license plates. I haven't run any red lights since then but the product turned my plates yellow. I live in Maryland and our plates are off-white with dark letters. Several people have seen my plates and thought I was from a different state. In fact, one fellow asked me about the weather in New Jersey. I just spent $40 to get new plates for my two cars. I'm sorry I bought this product."
"i bought the spray and it turned my plates yellow after a few weeks and i've received two photo tickets so far. I contacted the sellers and got no response. I did a little searching on the net and have found that the same thing has happened to dozens of people accross the country. Also, I went into my local paint shop and found out that the spray is just some type of acrylic spray paint."
Among other reviews.. I wonder if CJ read them?
- ScottHatred stirs up strife, But love covers all transgressions.
July 13th, 2006, 02:46 AM #4
I wouldnt promote it just from the bad reviews.
Legality might vary by state, like radar detectors. They should guarantee their product, offer to pay your ticket LOL.
July 13th, 2006, 05:11 AM #5
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Valentine One Radar Detectors are worth every penny. And they cost 40,000 pennies!
The full logic mode is even useable in the cities. Most radar detectors drive you crazy if left on in the city.
July 13th, 2006, 10:04 AM #6
i think it's in the "grey area" - technically legal, but a judge would probably somehow still ding you for it
July 13th, 2006, 10:25 AM #7
Hmmm, wonder if I could spray it on the bathroom mirror at night so I can avoid looking at myself in the morning.
July 13th, 2006, 12:55 PM #8
Originally Posted by 7-days
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That's what I need when I looked at myself on the bathroom mirror this morning after a long night party.
July 13th, 2006, 01:01 PM #9Originally Posted by atonca
I agree that if I get a speeding ticket, I may feel bad, and that I may try to talk my way out of it, but I would never consider using any cheating device in in my car, in order to avoid the consequences of my mistakes.
You must remember that a car is just like a weapon, so would you sell silencers in order to deaden the sound of firing a weapon?
There are a lot of things out there that can be sold legally, but many things that are legally right, can also be morally wrong.
It's up to you to decide how you want to earn your money. And while it's ok to ask for advice when you're not sure about the the legality of any product, usually your conscience and your guts feelings, have already given you the right answer.
July 13th, 2006, 01:07 PM #10
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I just posted this on Mythbusters Maybe they will do a show about it.:gnome: [URL]www.gethsemenerose.com[/URL] :gnome: As for me and my SITE we shall serve the LORD!
July 13th, 2006, 01:36 PM #11
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My first site had a few gambling links on it because there are so many reviews on the web made me believed that this industry is very profitable...need to see some decent money as a new affiliate marketer at that time...so I tried the gambling links. Even after I did a lot of researches on legitimaty of online gambling business and convinced myself that it is ok to post a few links, I still could't sleep well at night. Not saying I didn't make any single penny out of it.
I finally took them all out of my site.
Same as the porn sites links.
There are so many temptations out there, Mr. Sal is right, it all depends on our consciences and our guts feelings.
July 13th, 2006, 02:24 PM #12Originally Posted by GethsemeneRose
July 13th, 2006, 02:30 PM #13
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Spray? You know they have plastic covers you can put over your license plate for that sort of thing.
July 13th, 2006, 02:45 PM #14
These products are illegal in NY state but I am not sure about any other state but if they are Illegal here they are probably illegal else where.
Also local news station here did some test with the NYPD and State Police. Stuff didn't work.
They did the test on the plastic covers and the Spray neither worked. Also in NY you get tickets for the Plastic covers.
July 13th, 2006, 02:54 PM #15
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Some states you're not allowed to use radar detectors either but others you can. Glove compartment works good. And the plastic covers I've seen sold in many stores, I guess it depends on what state you're in. And the good ones work well. So I've been told. I don't have any plactic covers but I do have a nice radar detector.
July 13th, 2006, 04:59 PM #16
Radar Detectors, any type of license plate cover AND this spray are all illegal in the State of Virginia, however, if you use the spray ( and there is no guarantee if it works), how will they catch you? I have an idea, don't speed, lol! I am lucky. Since I am married to a cop, if i ever get stopped ( which is RARE anymore) they let me go. Sort of like a "cop" coupon I guess.
July 13th, 2006, 05:01 PM #17
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"I have an idea, don't speed"
Can't, I have autobahn blood running thru my veins And having a lead foot runs in the family.
July 14th, 2006, 02:07 AM #18
You just want to get home to update your site.
July 14th, 2006, 10:18 AM #19
Here in Texas, we have an even cheaper solution. It's called mud.
July 14th, 2006, 03:30 PM #20Originally Posted by MichaelColey
July 14th, 2006, 04:02 PM #21
certain police agencies (state, for one) here in NYS are starting to use license plate scanners that work their input against a database of expired plates, etc.
and it works very well.
July 15th, 2006, 12:30 AM #22
Do you know from personal experience?
To the original poster: I would say, "if you question it, don't do it"...I'm starting to sound like my mother!
July 8th, 2010, 03:50 AM #23
Photoblocker spray does NOT work
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I just got a speeding ticket, this spray does not work, do not bother with it. I have actual police photo evidence !!!!!!
July 8th, 2010, 08:53 AM #24
This thread is from July 2006.
Is this company actually still in business, given all the negatives here and the update from today saying the product is bogus?
I'm surprised they're still selling it after four years??Generate more fake news.
July 8th, 2010, 09:32 AM #25Greg Rice Affiliate Program Management
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text:
Together since their teens, Molly and Jake have four children, a house in a sleepy village, and jobs that bore them to distraction. Their marriage is an accident waiting to happen.
When Nick arrives in Mayfield, young, disturbed and in desperate need of mother-love, Molly doesn't realise that he will be the catalyst that blows everything apart.
Add a headmaster whose wife doesn't understand him, and Molly's unpredictable, frustrated best friend to the mix, and the blue touch paper has been well and truly lit.
He sighs heavily, feeling the snatched bowl of Weetabix beginning to churn in his stomach. Being a foreman at the brewery is a steady job, even if it's not that exciting, but he needs to be alert to do it properly. It's not his dream job – not even close – but it pays the mortgage. Last night's broken sleep was as bad as the early days with teething babies. Jake doesn't need this. He loves Molly and his four kids, his home, his allotment and his prize-winning leeks; in that order, usually. He likes to cook, if somebody else has done the shopping and if he can use his home-grown vegetables.
He looks after his pride and joy carefully – an ageing Range Rover, temperamental but solid. At weekends, he gives a hand with the cleaning, if he's not at work or on the allotment. In all his thirty-nine years he's never really wanted more than a quiet life. Is he demanding? Jake thinks not.
The September morning sunshine is breaking through the mist, but Jake's mood darkens even more as he drives along the winding lanes to Hopton. The early rays warm the freshly-cut grass along the verge, the evocative smell bringing unwelcome memories of a time, years ago, when he lay in the wild meadow at the edge of the sports field, trying to persuade Molly to let him see her new bra.
'Honestly, Moll, you can't get pregnant just by taking off your PE shirt,' he'd said hopefully. Molly's aertex PE shirt was all that lay between Jake and the wonderful lace and wire construction that kept her chest in order, but there was no way she was letting him do more than stroke the bare skin of her back.
'Look, it's all right for you, no one calls you a slag if you let them feel your… you-know-whats…'
'But I haven't got any you-know-whats.'
'Don't be pedantic.'
'How can I be pedantic? I don't know what it means. Anyway, I only want to give them a bit of a rub – over your bra, not even under it.' He'd shuddered at the wonderful thought of actually being allowed underneath a girl's bra.Jake sighs as a sharp pang of nostalgia for such simple times brings a lump to his throat.
• • •
What a fantastic read, I literally could not put this book down!!! If you are thinking of downloading this title, then I strongly recommend you download Little boxes by Celia. I had already read Little boxes before Moondancing was published and loved it, but after reading Moondancing it makes everything from Litlle boxes fit together perfectly! ~ Scooby, Amazon
Well written characters you really think you know.
Celia is great at sweeping you along with her characters and getting you involved in their lives until you even think for a moment that you actually know these people. I loved the fact that there is more than one thread running through the novel and the mystery of the twins is not revealed until the end. ~ MrD, Amazon
An exceptional and quirky read
What I like about Celia's books is that they're very grounded in real life. Her characters have flaws, just like real people, and make mistakes, and so on. This was another exceptional and quirky read from this author, and I look forward to more. ~ Lucy Felthouse, Amazon
• Copyright © Tirgearr Publishing - All Rights Reserved •


text:
Seadog Locker Ventilator/Drain Cover
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Provide good ventilation to the lockers, compartments and other enclosed spaces in your boat with the Seadog Locker Ventilator/Drain Cover. This ventilation cover is made from stamped 304 stainless steel for durable performance and to resist formation of rust. It can also be used as floor drain.
The stainless steel construction of this locker ventilator/drain cover gives it an attractive appearance.
- Stamped 304 stainless steel
- Ideal for venting lockers and other compartments
- Can be used as floor drain
Features of Seadog Locker Ventilator/Drain Cover
- Looks clean and attractive
- Diameter: 3-1/4"
- Vent area: 2.11 sq. in
- Fastener: #6 RH
Is this the standard size for a drain cover on the floor of a boat? 3 @ 1/4 seems smaller than I remember. I had 5 inches in mind, but the boat is 3 hours away?
Most are 3-1/4" or 2-1/2" but that doesn't mean yours is bigger. You will need to know the measurement of your old one. The largest we offer is 3-1/4".
The 3-1/4" drain cover you offer, can you tell me the whole pattern?
Yes the hole pattern is 2-3/4 inches.
This product ships in 1 business day.
Add to Cart and enter your Postal Code to determine the shipping charges.
Most products and orders leave our warehouse in 1 business day. However, select items may take more processing time. Alaska and Hawaii orders please add 1 additional warehouse processing day.
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text:
cement manufacturing process flow
cement manufacturing process flow
groups of India. The cement manufacturing process consists broadly of mining, crushing and ... flow of materials through the various stages to a particular place.Read More
Process Flow Diagram for Portland Cement Manufacturing
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I love flank steak. Marinated, grilled to rare and thinly sliced crosswise. But the other night I made a flank steak that was simply un-chewable. I bought it at a large Asian supermarket from the meat counter. You'd think - you really would think - they would have good flank steak, wouldn't you? This one was big - maybe 2 lbs. Anyway, I did all the above and, even very thinly sliced, it was almost impossible to eat. Cold the next day it was even worse, making it useless for sandwiches. So what's up with that? Was it just a bad piece of meat? I've never had this happen before. Any idea what went wrong?
The dog's eating well this week.


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Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services The guests of Hotel Le Bleu New York City may stay in 48 nicely furnished, comfortable rooms in New York City. The hotel is offering you freshly prepared fine local meals in its restaurant every day. The local café or the bar will provide an ideal location for personal meetings and nice evening chats. If you wish to learn more about the exact scope of services provided by Hotel Le Bleu New York City (including any available for an extra fee), you will find them on the information sheet below.
Payment Depending on the selected date, room and price, you may need to provide credit card guarantee or advance bank card payment to finalize your reservation.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest time of check-in is 15:00, the latest time of check-out is 12:00. The personnel can communicate with you in English.
Hotel Le Bleu New York City rooms Rooms
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Accommodation services
Bar, Cafe, Elevator
Own restaurant


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Chapter 1 : run boy, run.
|Rating: Mature
|Chapter Reviews: 15
Background: Font color:
People who've been in love usually do.
It's in their nature.
The world was spinning and you were falling. You stumble and try to steady yourself but land face first into the snow.
And that's when the tears come, the realization that she would never be yours, that you were too slow, too stupid.
It was three Christmases ago. His time with her would always be measured in Christmases. The season of love, of heartbreak.
Heartbreak would come, just much later. They of course didn't know that then.
He watched her from a distance, her soberness intriguing him. An aura surrounded her, and he stood watching. She had always been quiet, a stereotypical Ravenclaw, bookish and solitary. Her round glasses were perched on the edge of her nose, as if ready to devour a good novel. Teddy smiled because though she was a Weasley, she looked so out of place at her own family's gathering. It could've been then when she became inked onto his heart.
You knock furiously on the door, not even bothering to dry yourself. You had never been here before. There was a certain feeling lingering with the fear of rejection. But you need to know where she is. You need to know.
Thoughts shattered as the door opens. You pray silently and a figure approaches.
"Lupin," the voice states in disgust.
"Hugo," you splutter.
It was difficult, deciding whether or not to approach her. Teddy saw her at every gathering, but never really talked to her. Either he was busy being rampaged by young Lily, or bogged down by pretending to be Victoire's boyfriend.
Really, you would think what with his experience with girls he would actually know how to deal with this stuff.
"Hey," he greeted. Teddy flashed a smile and played with his hands. Her eyes looked up at him and she smiled rather forcefully, and pushed her glasses back.
"Oh, hello."
"You look awfully alone," he remarked. He never quite had filters. And yes, he knew that.
She grimaced. "That's because I am, aren't I?"
"Well yes, I suppose."
Celestina Warbeck's voice did little to drain out the awkward tension that had formed around them. He sighed and took to playing with the zipper on his jumper, sliding it up and down the path, opening and closing it. He got bored and tried to strike up a conversation with her again. "How's school?"
"It's school."
Teddy scoffed. "Obviously. I mean, how are the classes?"
She sighed and rolled her eyes.
You stand facing him and it scares you, how much younger he is, but how much more power he holds. The information he holds.
"Do you really love her?" was a question you were not expecting.
You gulp and nod vigorously. "Yes, absolutely."
"She could do better," he says in spite. You fight from differing and keep your mouth shut. "But you can't. Ever. Keep that in mind."
A lump forms in your throat. He is absolutely right. You nod to show you understand and watch as his eyes soften. "Tonight. She's supposed to be taking a Portkey tonight, from work. Some Muggle town in Scotland..."
Your clammy hands pat him on his shoulders. "Thank you."
It was a spur of the moment type thing.
"You – you complete –"
Her hands were raised and Teddy dodged to avoid any contact. "Please, as if you didn't enjoy it!" he whispered loudly. "Anyway, I had no choice, it was a bloody mistletoe!"
"So?" she whispered. By now she had taken out her wand and Teddy was very scared. The things he'd heard from James and Al were frightening. "I could've done a spell, or called mum –"
"For a Ravenclaw you're not very bright now are you love?" he teased. "You can't move under a mistletoe!"
"Just shut up, Lupin! Why don't you go snog Victoire or something?"
Teddy wrinkled his nose as his hair turned bright red to match hers, as it always did when he was about to lie. "Victoire, gross. She's rubbish, don't like Victoire." Okay, so that wasn't true. Teddy loved Victoire – as a friend, of course. Victoire didn't particularly like males, and he found that out the hard way.
"You look ugly in red," she remarked, her right brow arched.
And you look beautiful in red.
A week later they are lying side by side, cheeks flushed, chests heaving.
Hearts racing.
"That was fun," she observed. She adjusted her body and propped up on her arms. "I totally won though."
Teddy shook his head. "You wish Weasley."
She snorted. "Please Lupin, you were crying for your mother when my snowball hit you –"
"That's strange Weasley, I was under the impression that my mother was dead."
There was a silence that he didn't understand. He wasn't bitter about their deaths, he never had been. He didn't even understand why the angry retort slipped from his tongue.
"I'm sorry," she said quietly. She breathed carefully, and he turned to look at her.
"Don't be, I'm not," he replied. She scooted over and he could almost feel the intimacy between them.
"I've never had a friend like you before Ted," she sighed. "You're crazy and it drives me insane."
You're crazy and I love it so much.
"You should, you know, love yourself."
"What the hell?"
"You don't, but you should," he mused. "You deserve to be loved. Tell me, how does it feel to be so awesome?" Her face burned at his words. "Look," he whispered, his eyes scanning her face. "You're blushing."
"This is so awkward," she replied, rolling her eyes.
"You shush," she pouted.
He was going to do it, maybe.
They stood outside after sneaking out of the Burrow. The party was still terrible, filled with laughter and games. She had still felt out of place, so they had left.
"So what?"
"Do you have a boyfriend?" he asked, and he concentrated hard on keeping his flesh to stay the same colour.
"Is that yes as in, 'yes you have a boyfriend' or is that yes as in, 'yes you'll go out with me'?"
"Real subtle Lupin," she laughed. It was beautiful.
"Well, I do try hard."
"I could be reading," she whined.
He had brought her to his office's summer party. Being a Curse Breaker was fun and all, but he had to admit his colleagues weren't that great. He leaned over and poked her on the cheek with his index finger. She looked over at him amusingly and smiled.
She played with her glasses and by then even he was bored. Teddy had hoped that maybe his first time taking her out in public as his date would be more amusing, but this was far too classy for them.
He turned to look at her, his teeth playfully biting his lip. "Run away with me?" Her eyes glistened with excitement.
"Wherever you want."
"With you, Lupin," she whispered, grabbing his hand. "Any day."
I hope I can call you Lupin one day, Weasley.
"Your smile," he said.
"What about it?"
"It's nice."
"Thanks," she muttered.
Her neck was awkwardly bowed as she made tea, and Teddy wrapped his arms around her waist. Her head leaned back into his, her face being nuzzled by his own. "So what are you getting me for Christmas?" she asked him.
"Something good, I think," he murmured into her skin. It was rough because she didn't moisturize, Teddy was sure she didn't even know how. But he didn't mind, he liked it that way.
"If it's makeup like last time, I swear –"
He moved to face her and tucked a strand of hair behind her ear. "Weasley?"
"I think we should kiss a little right now. It would be fascinating."
In that moment, he let his lips meet hers. There was a lot he could do, a lot he could say. He could tell her he loved her, that it had always been her. But he didn't.
And then he came.
"Scorpius Malfoy," she had said.
Indeed it was. Teddy leaned over her in an attempt to view the visitor at the door. He had seen him a lot, obviously. Malfoy was Al's close friend and even Lily's boyfriend for a while. He looked the same as always, startling blond hair and sickening pale skin. Teddy crinkled his nose as he watched them hug a bit hard, and much too long.
Your eyes twinkled at Scorpius, Weasley.
"We should drink. Yes, yes we should."
He watched her stumble as she tried to take her boots off, and rushed forward to steady her. He didn't say anything, because he knew she didn't want his words. Words would not bring back the dead. Words would not bring back her dad.
"Why does life suck so much, Ted?" she asked him, laughing manically. He knew her, and so he understood the pain behind the laughter. It was strange for him to smell the bitter remains of vodka on her skin instead of soap. It was too strange, too foreign. Too sad.
"Let's get you in bed," he said quietly. She shook her head.
"Weasley," he whispered, then once more but softer – "It's okay to be in pain sometimes."
"I was in bed an hour ago..." she mused, giggling. "Scorpius is hot, Ted. So hot."
Words couldn't bring back the dead but they could punch guts and destroy hearts. He carried her in his arms, and wanted to let go, let her drop, and let her body smash against the floor. She had betrayed him. But he didn't, and carefully placed her on their bed.
He slept on the couch that night.
"I'm sorry," she whispered, her eyes pooling with water. His stomach lurched. "Dad... I needed to drink..."
"It's okay," Teddy replied in a clipped tone.
He felt weird, thinking about now and then. How they used to be and how they were now. His hair had been the same dull brown for the last month. For the first time, he felt bare. He was always so kind to her.
He loved her.
I still love you.
"What's your problem?" she shouted. Your eyes twinkled at him, your eyes twinkled at him.
"Oh please," he muttered.
They were standing in their bedroom. Or perhaps just her bedroom now because Teddy never entered it any more. His bedroom was now the living room and the couch. This was not the first time she had called him out on it. But he had had enough.
"Leave, please," he begged.
"You were never like this," she whispered. "What did I do wrong? You're so different, so bitter." I am not bitter, I am not bitter.
He snorted. What hadn't she done wrong? "'Scorpius is hot, Ted. So hot,'" he mocked. He watched her facial expression
stay the same.
"What the hell is that supposed to mean?"
"Leave, now," he pleaded. This was what heartbreak does to you. It was like forgetting something, and the disbelief that followed. This was heartbreak.
You are running past people. You are running between halls. You are running for her.
He drank, a lot. All the time, in fact. He no longer smelled clean, but reeked of alcohol. He liked it that way, obviously. He had taken to staying at home, simply refusing to go to work. Curse Breaking could wait. Teddy tried avoiding the knocks on the door. Their door – no, his door.
"Go away," he slurred. "Blegh – this is rubbish." He tried (and failed) to get up, but eventually got to the door. He wished he hadn't opened it, finding himself pinned to the wall.
"This is a bit... close?" he joked.
"Shut up, Lupin," his visitor said angrily.
You see red hair and keep on running.
"Nooo, you shut up! You and your stupid family, Malfoys are so stupid..." Teddy mumbled, his head lolling.
"You made her cry," he said.
"She deserves it," Teddy spat.
"Teddy," Scorpius sighed, his hands rubbing along his own jaw in frustration. "She never had sex with me. She was drunk; I let her sleep in my bed. You should have trusted her."
"Please Malfoy, you love her."
"Er – no. I don't. She's not my type," he said uncomfortably.
"Just... don't let her go, alright?"
Teddy probably would have been just as flabbergasted as he was, even if he wasn't drunk. Malfoy was lying. He had to be lying.
"Weasley!" you shout. Like the movies, she turns to face you with shock clear on her face. You expect her to run to you but she doesn't. That's okay though. You are simply happy she hasn't run away yet. It's just the two of you and you walk carefully towards her. You pray she advances toward you but she doesn't. Her mother stands beside her, probably to see her off. You brush away your tears in relief. You have missed Rose Weasley.
"Teddy..." she says and her voice cracks too. You hold her face in your cold hands. You can't make her cry.
"I'm sorry," you say.
"I don't care," she sniffs.
"You could have asked, Teddy Lupin!" she exclaims. "I would have clarified with diagrams if needed." You laugh because she is the cutest thing ever. "Stop laughing," she huffs.
You take her hand in yours and kiss them. "I'm stupid."
"Yes, yes you absolutely are."
"How have you been?" you ask casually.
And it shocks you. Obviously. "Is it Malfoy's?" you cry out.
"Heavens no, Teddy! I've only ever... with you, you arse!"
"I'm sorry," you say lamely and hug her. It feels nice. "So, wait, you're pregnant? Like baby pregnant? Are we having a baby? I am confused."
"What the hell is baby pregnant?"
"I don't know Weasley, I am a man, and men don't know these things."
"I figured as much."
You stand with her, just observing. It's beautiful, like all things are with her. You truly have missed this.
"I love you," she whispers, before her lips meet yours.
"Happy Christmas, Weasley," you reply.
It is unsettling, but also most definitely unstoppable.
AN: OHMYGOD GUYS, I KNOW, I WROTE IT, I WROTE FLUFF. I hope you didn't find this style changing thing too awkward. It was fun writing Teddy in second person, and then third person. Interesting and frustrating, because there was a time where I was close to crying because this story just wouldn't finish. I swear there's like, moments written but I couldn't find space for them y'know. This is a supeeer late birthday present for nott theodore. Who is forever shipping Sharn and August(us/in) with me. ;) And I'd like to hug and send a million kisses to Laurenzo7321/FredWeasleyIsMyKing and writeyourheartout for pointing out all the typos. Thanks to ReeBee, TrueAuthor, potterfan310, and monstrosity for help with the title. I really hope Kiana and KatieRoo enjoyed this as well. As always, please leave a review if you have time, and sorry for any typos I missed because of laziness! I really hope it wasn't too terrible!
AND EDIT, I DID IT, I DID THE CODING SO THE FORMATTING IS ALL COOL! If it isn't and is actually messed up, I'm sorry! This is also the first time I've tried making something all cool stylistically. Also, sorry to the validators who have had to repeatedly validate this because I keep on forgetting to put a * at certain places.. it should be perfectish now, format wise...
Also the quote, "Someday you'll find someone special again. People who've been in love usually do. It's in their nature." isn't mine, Nicholas Sparks said it. The title Drummer Boy, is inspired by the carol The Little Drummer Boy by Katherine Davis. And I will shut up now.
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Drummer Boy: run boy, run.
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