text:
- HMS Cairo during the Second World War -
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HMS Cairo
HMS Cairo was launched in 1918, she was built by the Cammell Laird Shipyard in Birkenhead, U.K. In 1938/9 she was converted to Anti-Aircraft cruiser at Chatham dockyard in 1938-1939. She saw active service during World War Two, being damaged by German aircraft off Narvik, Norway, on the 28th of May 1940 and as part of the Malta convoys.
HMS Cairo was sunk by a torpedo from the Italian submarine "Axum" on the 12th of August 1942, whilst escorting the Pedestal convoy, in the Mediterranean, north of Bizerta, Tunisia.
12th Aug 1942 HMS Nigeria, HMS Cairo and tanker Ohio damaged During the 12th of August, air attacks and submarine attacks caused damage and numerous casualties to Convoy WS21S. At sunset the Italian submarine Axum successfully penetrated the defence screen and fired a torpedo salvo which made two hits on cruiser Cairo, one on Nigeria and one on tanker Ohio. Position was then 37.40N 10.06E Nigeria turned back to Gibraltar. After temporary repairs at Gibraltar, she went to Charleston Dockyard, South Carolina, USA, where she stayed for about 9 months. The crew were put up in barracks for 4-5 months, they were then sent to New York to pick up a Merchant vessel to take back to Scotland.
12th Aug 1942 HMS Nigeria, HMS Cairo and tanker Ohio damaged
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Those known to have sailed in
HMS Cairo
during the Second World War 1939-1945.
- Bowditch Frederick Ernest Charles. Boy.Sea.
- Briscoe Eric. L/Stkr.
- Comben Stephen Charles. Ldg Stoker (d.12th Aug 1942)
- Dabbs Charles Arthur. P.O.
- Dabbs Charles. PO.
- Durnford Laurence George. Marine (d.12th Aug 1942)
- Ettie Wiliam Bashford. Lt
- Gillson Frank Henry. Able Seaman. (d.28th May 1940)
- Grice Charlie. PO. (d.28th May 1940)
- Holcombe Francis William. Marine
- Hunt Albert Leonard. Signal Boy (d.31th May 1940)
- Lamb F. B.. Ldg Stoker (d.12th Aug 1942)
- Maxwell Thomas. Sgt.
- Paffett Richard J.. Signal Boy
- Preston John William. Able Seaman. (d.28th May 1940)
- Reece George Frederick.
- Rogers Joe. Stk.
- Short Don . Engine Room Artificer.
- Woolley H. G.. Petty Offcr.
The names on this list have been submitted by relatives, friends, neighbours and others who wish to remember them, if you have any names to add or any recollections or photos of those listed, please Add a Name to this List
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There are 1 pages in our library tagged HMS Cairo These include information on officers service records, letters, diaries, personal accounts and information about actions during the Second World War.
George Frederick Reece HMS CairoI have recently found out that my grandfather was leading signalman on HMS Cairo during the Second World War. His name was George Frederick Reece, he survived the war and died in 1964.Jane Trevor
Engine Room Artificer. Don Short HMS CairoThen came, after four years of being in the navy without a uniform, the great day when I had to report to R.N. Barracks to be kitted out, but what was even better I could now wear my No 1 suit which was bought for the big day. Before being sent to a ship it was felt that we should spend about six weeks in "square bashing", using a rifle, swimming test in full kit, and even boxing which I hated, the only bout that I won was when my opponent was disqualified for a low blow. I suppose, looking back that it was inexperience and lack of imagination that caused one to want to go to sea at such a time, but there was no turning back now, I was drafted to H.M.S. Cairo, originally a 5 inch gun cruiser but converted in 1938 in to a 4 inch anti-aircraft cruiser, primarily to be employed in the middle of convoys to protect them against air attacks.
Together with an old classmate I set out from Portsmouth Station complete with kitbag, hammock and suitcase to join my first ship H.M.S. Cairo at Devonport. It was then I discovered that being an E.R.A., (Engine Room Artificer) was a bit different from being in one of the other branches, I was very junior, still under training in fact, but on arriving on board I was met by the Chief and taken to the "E.R.A's Mess". In any of the other branches the living quarters depended upon ones rate but with E.R.A's we all lived together and made for a very close community, on Cairo an especially friendly one.
The early days under training were spent mainly in the boiler rooms, tracking systems, following pipelines, crawling in the bilges and even one day, for a change, I was allowed to refit the siren on the funnel. Whilst this was going on we were steaming in and out of Belfast doing convoy runs down the Irish sea calling into Bangor in Wales and on one occasion we were sent out into the Atlantic to escort the "Queen Mary" back to Liverpool, we met her but she had no intention of waiting for us, we turned but she soon left us far behind. Then came the big one, we called into Greenock and picked up members of a Russian Trade Delegation to take them home to Murmansk. What could have been a perilous task turned out to be a comparatively uneventful journey, we did see what we thought was enemy spotting planes a couple of times but the worst problem was the cold and the ice forming on the upper deck, it was nice and warm in the boiler room. We went alongside the jetty in Murmansk, we did have Russian armed guards at the bottom of the gangway but we were allowed ashore and that was certainly something different. The rate of exchange was such that it was not worthwhile changing pounds into kopek, the best currency was packets of cigarettes and bars of "nutty" (chocolate). Not that there was much to buy, in fact the shops did not have shop windows, it was a question of trying the doors but it was all a wonderful experience.
The journey back to Greenock was again uneventful, we took on fuel, stored ship and we were soon on our way to the Mediterranean. During my first few months aboard Cairo we had been operating as a single unit on specific projects now it was different, we had joined up with the big boys. The first few tasks consisted of acting as anti-aircraft protection and as escort to aircraft carriers ferrying aircraft to Malta, our job finished as soon as the aircraft were in fuel range. We used to call these "club runs", the carriers doing the runs were the "Eagle" and the big American carrier the "Wasp".
In mid-June 1942 came the, what has become known as the forgotten operation, "Harpoon". With Cairo's Captain Hardy in command we left Gibraltar with an escort of seven destroyers and in the convoy six merchant ships, and very soon came the first of the air attacks. Then on the horizon were sighted two cruisers, at first we thought it was back up for our small force but as splashes appeared in the water around us and the sound of gunfire we soon realised that they were enemy cruisers and that we were under fire. Cairo received a hit from a 6" shell on the forward super-structure, luckily with little damage. The destroyers carried out torpedo attacks and one of the enemy cruisers was hit amidships, but two of our destroyers were hit by 6" shells and were stopped and eventually sunk. The Italian cruisers kept up the attack on the convoy and Cairo was again hit but by good fortune survived. The 6" shell ruptured the double bottom and penetrated the oil fuel tank ending up in the engine room but failed to explode. The Italian cruisers then rather surprisingly withdrew, especially as our heavy armament was 4" guns firing RDF and anti-aircraft shells, it appeared that the Italian admiral was under orders not to engage superior forces and he had mistakenly believed that the convoy was protected by two cruisers. From then on we came under continuous air attacks during which time we lost four of the merchantmen and it was a matter of concentrating on getting the two remaining through to Malta. Darkness fell with a feeling of relief as we neared our destination, a daylight arrival had been planned but when we arrived it was dark and so started the series of catastrophes which resulted in five ships falling victims to mines, one being sunk and four damaged. After days of fighting our way to Malta it was tragic that there was to be further loss of life through what was believed to be an error in one of the swept channel positions given in a signal to all ships from the office of Vice Admiral Malta.
It was nice to be in Malta but certainly not safe to stay too long, and after patching up the damage we were soon on our way back to Gibraltar and relatively more peaceful surroundings. It was not to last, when a number of ships began to assemble it became obvious that something big was about to happen, we were to become part of Force X, altogether comprising four cruisers, twelve destroyers and an ocean going tug and our task was to act as close escort to a convoy all the way through to Malta. The task was officially named "Operation Pedestal" and to the Maltese it became known as the "Santa Maria Convoy" because of the bedraggled arrival of the Ohio on the feast day of Santa Maria.
We left Gibraltar accompanied by an outer escort of two battleships, four aircraft carriers, three cruisers and twelve destroyers, this was Force Z. There was also Force R consisting of two tankers to replenish the warships escorted by four corvettes and another ocean going tug. Following further back was an aircraft carrier, which was to fly Spitfires off to Malta and escorted by eight destroyers. As wards of this strong escort there was the thirteen merchantmen and the tanker "Ohio" which was American but was captained and manned by a British crew.
We had left on Sunday the tenth of August, there had been spasmodic air attacks directed mainly against the aircraft carriers and on the Monday (what a way to spend one's birthday) during one particularly heavy attack a submarine penetrated the destroyer screen and torpedoed the aircraft carrier, she listed and sank quickly.
Tuesday, a beautiful day weatherwise, was a day of constant action, air attacks again directed mainly against the carriers and two more were badly damaged. Late in the afternoon we were shocked to see the battle-ships and the other ships of the outer escort turn around and steam away from us heading back towards Gibraltar.
We were now steaming through the Straits of Pentellaria, the most dangerous area for the convoy and it was here at dusk when the next heavy attack was launched, the enemy no doubt encouraged by the weaker escort and the absence of fighter cover. The first attack was by a pack of submarines, the cruiser " Nigeria" steaming alongside us was hit and slewed away listing badly, the tanker "Ohio" was hit but kept going and then it was our turn.
I was at my action station at midships damage control where I had spent many hours, in overalls waiting to take over my watch below in the after engine room when the torpedo hit us. I remember the ship shuddering and the lights going out, and the feeling of "at last", one seemed to be waiting, there was an air of almost inevitability. The stern had been blown off, we were listing but didn't seem sure of which way to go, there was nothing that could be done to save her, and yet as we made our way up to the upper deck, we had been ordered to abandon ship, tinged with relief that we were still alive, was the sadness of leaving what had been a happy home.
We gathered along the upper deck, lined along the guardrails, not wanting to jump but knowing that we would have to, when hardly able to believe our luck we saw a destroyer bearing down on us with the obvious intention of trying to steam alongside. We realised that there was no way they were going to stop so it was a question of waiting for the right moment then jumping for it. We had been lucky again and will be forever grateful to the captain of the destroyer "Wilton" who saw our predicament and even in the midst of the confusion, remained calm, and steered his ship three or four feet away maintaining a straight course parallel to our side.
The "Wilton" was carrying so many survivors, more than the number of her own crew, that she was withdrawn from her escort duty and ordered to return to Gibraltar. There wasn't any room to go below, not that one wanted to really, the weather was warm, they found enough food to feed us, there was a "tot" all round, it seemed that the enemy was only interested in the convoy, so it was time to sunbathe.
Back in Gibraltar, usually the place to buy the presents to take home, not this time - dressed in rather soiled overalls and boiler room boots and of course no money were soon on our way to joining H.M.S. Rodney and taking passage back to the U.K. The weather was fine but there was a heavy swell and in a mess which was right forward the movement of the ship was like a figure eight and for the only time during the whole time I was in the navy, I was seasick. Soon we were in sight of land but it was not going to be a quick call into Plymouth or Portsmouth, it was to be the long trek up to Rosyth. Whilst I was aboard Rodney I was given a duffle coat so at least on the train journey back to Pompey it wasn't cold and the train ended up right in the naval barracks itself, and it was a wonderful surprise to see my father there to meet me. So it was home again, meeting up with family and old friends and what stories to tell, it had only been about nine months, but we had survived an epic run to Murmansk, convoys in the Irish Sea, escorted a Queen across the Atlantic, escorted the carriers flying fighters off to Malta, met up with the Italian Navy when we tried to get six merchantmen through to Malta and then being part of the last and biggest convoy of the war.
Didn't spend much time in barracks, being kitted up again, such as it was, serge suits and boots, but we did get paid and soon we were off on "survivor's leave". That happy state of affairs was not to last long, I was recalled, told to be prepared to join the cruiser "Penelope" and it was a frantic few days arranging to get married before it was back to the old routine on a new ship.
Joined H.M.S. Penelope in Portsmouth and after a week or so steaming off Portland and where, incidentally was issued with cold weather clothing, so we had a fair idea that we would be going somewhere warm and we were right, we were soon to be back in Gibraltar and operating in the Med. It was the start of a new year, January 1943, and we became part of the 12th Cruiser Squadron based at Bone in North Africa, the squadron had been formed to act as a striking force to harass enemy convoys ferrying troops across to take part in the North African campaign.
By the 12th of May the whole of North Africa was in Allied hands, the war in the desert was over and that was the start of the partnership that was to be so successful between the "Penelope and Aurora". The captain of Aurora, Captain Agnew was promoted to Commodore and took over in command of the 12th Cruiser Squadron. We could leave Bone now from where we had operated and operate from Malta, a much better run ashore although there was not to be many of them. The other cruisers that made up the squadron were Dido, more about Dido later, Sirius, Cleopatra, and Euryalus with Orion and Newfoundland joining us in the overall task of capturing Sicily. But first we needed to occupy the small islands of Pantellaria and Lampedusa and in early June we were bombarding targets on Pantellaria. When steaming within six thousand yards from the shore we were hit by a shell in the forward superstructure but luckily the shell did not explode and there were no casualties.
On the 9th of June, with Orion, Euryalus and Newfoundland, and a number of destroyers we made one of the final bombardments before the landing due to take place the next day, this went on until noon when Flying Fortresses thundered over to add their contribution to the softening up process. It was then a quick return to Malta to top up with fuel and ammunition before resuming patrol the next day. Following a morning of bombardment and bombing the landing craft filled with troops zigzagged their way to the beaches. Then, early afternoon, it was reported that the signal tower was flying the white flag, the war was over for the eleven thousand troops, mostly Italian, who were found on the Island.
After another quick dash to Malta it was back the following day to carry out a night bombardment and after more heavy raids by Allied bombers the white flag was again to be seen, hoisted after only twenty four hours. On this occasion we had a BBC reporter on board and he reported on local radio that evening that Lampedusa had surrendered to HMS Penelope whose ship's company, keeping themselves fit had broken off doing their knee bending exercises to the tune of "Daisy Bell" to accept the surrender. It was not entirely unexpected that we would hear from the crews of other ships that had taken part but we did not expect to see the crew of Newfoundland, when fell in to enter harbour that evening, suddenly start to do knee bending exercises and singing Daisy. As we always felt that when we were bombarding in company with Newfoundland she was always further out to sea than we were it was no surprise that ashore in Malta that evening there were more casualties between the two ship's companies than there had been on Lampedusa.
Whilst in Malta the Aurora had been sent to Algiers to pick up King George VI and bring him back to visit Malta. As she steamed into Grand Harbour on that sunny Sunday morning of 20th June, it was a memorable scene with the Royal Standard flying at the masthead and the King standing on a platform that had been erected in front of the bridge. I had a particularly good view as my duty was to man the motorboat and cruise around the harbour in case we were needed, and of course the full white uniform was given an airing. It seemed that the whole Maltese population had lined themselves around the Grand Harbour cheering wildly and as the King landed the church bells rang out. There was one notable exception, the old lady who used to wave bed sheets to the ships passing, was missing, her waterfront bar was a heap of rubble.
The next job on the agenda was to be "Operation Husky", the landings on Sicily, programmed for 10th July. At the beginning we were part of Force H, which was led by the battleship Nelson, our aim to protect the landing forces in the event of the Italian fleet putting to sea but before the landings took place we were detached together with Aurora to carry out tip and run raids on Catania and Taormina. These raids were very effective, we lit up the area with star shells and followed with boardsides, the Italian search lights would criss cross in the sky followed by ant-aircraft fire, they did not seem to realise that the attack was coming from the sea. During these operations we did eventually come under air attack from the Italian bombers and on one occasion we were very lucky as a string of bombs fell between the two ships.
Then on the 20th the two ships again together with six destroyers were off on another 250 mile trip to make a night attack on the port of Crotone, in the Gulf of Taranto. After over a thousand shells were fired it was reported that the harbour area and the chemical works were well alight we turned and headed back to Malta without meeting any opposition. It is strange that we all felt a lot better and safer when we were with Aurora with Commodore Agnew making the decisions than when we were left with our own captain.
The only escape route for the enemy troops on Sicily was across the Straights of Messina and it was here that we patrolled to strike at shipping and rail traffic using the coastal routes. We did have a diversion by calling in to Augusta for a quick run ashore after its capture. It was incredible that we were able to stroll along the road picking oranges from the overhanging boughs and to call into the local bar for a wine or two, the locals seemed to be quite pleased to see us.
During the time up to the withdrawal of Axis troops from Sicily which was completed by 17th August we bombarded selected targets up and down the Italian coast up into the Bay of Naples, into the Bay of Salerno with a good view of the Isle of Capri and as far back again as the Gulf of Taranto. The next excitement was a dash to Bizerta on the North African coast, together of course with Aurora, to join up with Dido, Sirius, the fast minelayer Adbiel and the US cruiser Boise and to embark nearly five thousand paratroopers and land them at Taranto by 9th September. On that day the Italian warships were due to leave Taranto to surrender in Malta and also the allied armies were due to land at Salerno so it appeared to be a good opportunity to capture the important port of Taranto. We had on board six hundred and forty paratroopers, wearing their familiar red berets, with their commanding officer Brigadier John Hacket.
We left Bizerta late afternoon and were soon doing thirty knots and whilst we were at sea it was announced on the radio that Italy had surrendered. On arrival at Taranto on the 9th we anchored outside the harbour and watched the Italian battleships Caio and Andrea Doria, two cruisers and a destroyer on their way to Malta escorted by the two battleships HMS King George V and HMS Howe.
In the early hours of the following morning, whilst we were all at anchor in the harbour, there came a shattering explosion from Abdiel whilst her paratroopers were being ferried ashore. A brilliant orange flash from the ship lit up the harbour, she had swung with the tide whilst at anchor and struck a mine laid by German E-boats the previous evening, the explosion then detonated mines in the ship and in minutes she was listing badly, broke into two and sank quickly.
Returning to Bizerta many of the wounded were cared for in our sick bay and on arrival were transferred to a hospital ship in the harbour. During this time more of the Italian fleet led by the battleship Conte di Cavour were on their way to Malta to surrender and on the 11th September the signal "Be pleased to inform their Lordships that the Italian Battle Fleet now lies at anchor under the guns of the fortress Malta" was made by Admiral Cunningham. A few weeks later he was promoted to First Sea Lord.
From Bizerta we had steamed back to Taranto with more of the "Red Devils" who had been held in reserve and then with Aurora on to Augusta but there was no rest, on the same day we were ordered to steam at high speed to the Gulf of Salerno where troops had landed in the early hours a few days previously but were now in danger of being pushed back into the sea. We joined up with the monitor Roberts and other cruisers and destroyers bombarding set targets, the return fire was spasmodic but it was difficult to manoeuvre freely to avoid bombs where the fighter bombers and JU88s made their raids. With the situation ashore still critical we were joined by the old battleship Warspite whose eight fifteen inch guns had been most successful but was put out of action by a radio controlled guided bomb down her funnel the next day and she was towed back to Malta. The shelling continued and with the help of the Allied bombers the German counter attack was repelled and so began the long push north and the continuing bombardment of targets along the coast. On 26th September, having run out of ammunition we, with Aurora, left the area for Malta, we had been promised a rest period which really meant boiler cleaning, changing gun barrels, making good defects and painting the ship, but who cared? A few bottles of "Blue" and a glass or two of "Ambete" the sailors' favourite Maltese red wine and the cheapest and all was right with the world again.
On the 4th October together again with Aurora we were on our way to the Aegean to join the 12th Cruiser Squadron, British forces had already taken over some of the islands such as Kos and Leros but the big one Rhodes was still in German hands. Our first task was to reinforce Leros, destroyers were to land troops and supplies at night, with two cruisers operating as anti-aircraft support, then the squadron, still under cover of darkness would make a hasty retreat to Alexandria mainly because we had little or no aircraft cover. We were in trouble from the beginning before the first patrol had started. Aurora from Malta and Dido from Alexandria were to rendezvous and proceed together with destroyers on the first patrol, but not only did they rendezvous, they collided and as Dido bounced off she left half her anchor embedded in Aurora's bow. So we, separated from our 'chummy ship', and at the mercy of our own Captain's decisions joined with Sirius and set off as replacements on the first patrol, steaming at full speed to intercept a convoy of German troops on their way to recapture Leros. This part of the exercise was very successful, we sank an armed anti-submarine trawler, blew up a German freighter carrying ammunition whilst the destroyers rounded up the landing barges, we left leaving hundreds of German troops in the water. The rout had only taken an hour but having waited for the convoy to appear the dawn had come and gone and we were left in broad daylight, with no air cover, at the mercy of the Luftwaffe and they were well and truly ready to pounce. The first attack by Ju88s lasted about an hour and was concentrated on us and at the end of it, when presumably they had to return to base to refuel we had our steering motors out of action and our tiller flat flooded. With steering difficult we were still able to increase speed but the second attack was not long in coming, Ju88s kept coming, diving out of the sun and culminating in a concentrated blitz by diving Stukas. We suffered a direct hit which went through the quarter deck, the wardroom and lower compartments hit the port outer propeller shaft and ended up in a fuel tank but thankfully didn't explode and was followed by two near misses. They were thousand pound bombs and although they didn't hit us they caused much damage and had the damage control parties working overtime. We lost ten killed and fifty six wounded, one wonders if it was worth it, staying on in daylight inviting air attacks and taking such a risk of losing the ship and with the consequent loss of life, maybe it is worth a mention that the captain was awarded the D.S.O. for that decision.
We arrived back in Alexandria early the next day steering by main engines needing, of course, examination by divers to ascertain the full extent of the damage. The Egyptian divers did not spend a lot of time looking, they surfaced and pulled away in their boat, reporting that the bomb must have hit the shaft and gone back up into the tank. It was just as well they were proven to be mistaken, but it was agreed that we required a new shaft fitted and this meant that until one could be transported to Alexandria we were of little use as a fighting unit so we were ordered to make our way as best we could to Haifa where we were to wait until full repair could be undertaken at Alexandria. It was a great relief to be alongside the wall again and in comparative safety and after being in constant action to be able to visit such places as Bethlehem, and those which were just names that one had read about in the Bible, even spending the night in a ramshackle old coach that had broken down crossing the Plain of Armageddon on the way back to Jerusalem.
Too soon it was time to return to Alexandria, into dry dock, and fitting the new shaft together with all the work necessary to bring the ship back to a fighting unit. Whilst we were there the entertainer George Formby was entertaining the troops in Alexandria and he was invited aboard, we were out in the harbour at anchor at the time so he arrived by ships boat, stepping aboard he made his way straight to the wardroom, probably for a few pink gins, anyway he left the ship without contact with the lads and they didn't think much of him and a few of them around the 'spud' locker on the upper deck decided to throw a few of the overripe ones at the boat as it was leaving, of course the culprits disappeared quickly leaving a very angry Captain who promptly cancelled all leave for the whole ship's company, he probably thought that they would be taking a few more 'spuds' along to the NAAFI where he was performing that evening.
Back to sea again, and at this time Mr Churchill had been meeting Mr Roosevelt in Cairo, he had gone on to Bizerta but had expressed the wish to board Penelope and as we all hoped, to take passage home, but it was not to be, he was taken ill with pneumonia and so it was no trip back to U.K. for us. Instead we spent Christmas Day and Boxing Day in a stormy Atlantic, in the Bay of Biscay searching for a German freighter and her destroyer escort, we heard later that she had been sunk by a Liberator bomber. By early January we were back on familiar ground, we were back in Malta, this time to take part in the landings at Anzio. After the early landings, which had been very quiet, with no sign of enemy troops, came the long struggle to maintain a footing in the face of fierce enemy resistance and counter attacks. We spent our time bombarding enemy positions along the coast and when the air raids became so intense we were forced to move out to sea at top speed to have a chance of manoeuvring and dodging the bombs. After almost continuous bombarding, on 17th February we withdrew at dusk and made our way to Naples to replenish with oil and ammunition, we were due our well-earned forty eight hour rest period.
I had kept the first watch, eight o'clock until midnight, it was a great relief going off watch, having a shower, a quick look around on the upper deck, we were alongside the wall and then after weeks of being closed up at action stations with short snatches of sleep, to be able to get into my hammock and within minutes I was in the land of dreams dreaming that I was at home in bed.
Suddenly, what was happening? I was awakened by - was it noise or unusual movement of the ship? Why didn't someone switch on the lights?, it was obviously time to get up, and fast. Overalls, torch, lifebelt were all handy and looking around the mess one could see the same puzzled looks, all hurriedly dressing and because it was the natural thing to do, rush to close up at action stations, but first what was the time? One's action station changed depending on the watch one was on last, I couldn't believe that it was gone 7 o'clock, I had slept solidly for seven hours but it was no dream now. My engine room watch keeping chum and I decided that we should get right aft and we hurried out of the mess which was forehead under the forecastle, through the marine's mess deck and out on to the port waist. We were hurrying aft, still unaware of what was happening and couldn't believe our eyes when we discovered that we were no longer in the comparative safety of Naples Bay but out at sea, in the distance we could see snow capped mountains. Halfway along the waist we met two of our mess mates squelching along, their shoes and overalls oozing oil fuel; they told us that they had come up out of the after engine room as it flooded up and that the after flat was flooding fast, that was where we were making for, they went down the hatch in the cross passage to go to the bathroom. Suddenly there was a huge explosion I fell back against the superstructure, I lost sight of my chum as he disappeared through the cross passage. Then just in front of me I saw a rope dangling from a boat's davit, I clutched at it and hauled myself up to the ship's side, grabbed the guardrail, I remember how it was so difficult to get over it, and slid down the side as it was moving over and upwards. As this was happening I saw the funnel just fall over the side, it seemed in one piece. I suppose I expected to fall straight into the water but somehow I was laying face down in the bilge rail, that contraption built into the ship's side, then, suddenly and so thankfully something or somebody landed in the middle of my back and over I went into the icy sea. As I had been hurrying along the upper deck I had tied my lifebelt on but now it was a question of getting some air into it. I tried hard to get away from the ship but in no time at all the bows seemed to be towering above standing vertical and then it slid slowly out of sight. Then spars, which must have been stored on the upper deck came shooting up out of the water and rose high in the air before crashing back into the sea, with them came large bubbles which burst scattering oil fuel everywhere. Eventually I was thankful for one of the spars, our Chief G.I. who was a strong swimmer pushed one over to me, which I was pleased to hang on to and was able to put some more air into my lifebelt. He swam off I am sure to help any one he could and I was left as far as I could see all lone and for nearly two hours in water which seemed to get colder and colder. I didn't see or speak to anyone, and then it seemed quite literally from out of nowhere there was a landing craft almost alongside me with scrambling nets over the side. The sight could not have been more welcome but getting aboard would have been impossible but for the invaluable help of some of the crew who had jumped in the water themselves to help those like myself. Carried on board we were given blackest, a bunk to rest in and a most welcome tot and for the second time had cause to thank a crew for their thoughtfulness at such a time and to thank God for the umpteenth time for still being alive.
After a check on numbers a signal was sent back to Naples giving details of survivors and injured, when I had been asked and guessing that the survivors would be sent back to Malta I said that I would be fine after a clean up, but when we arrived back in Naples and I tried to stand up they quickly had to find room in an ambulance and I was on my way to hospital, later I was to learn that I had suffered a fractured spine and ankle. I do not remember a lot about my first couple of days in hospital except that they must have cleaned me up, I had been soaked in oil fuel and now I was in a nice clean bed and I do remember being wheeled on a hospital trolley down a long passage with a priest alongside and some nuns chanting. Back in the ward I was encased in plaster, which was to remain with me for many months to come. And of course I remember the Salvation Army lad who gave me pyjamas with odd trousers, the hospital or at least the British part of the hospital didn't seem to have any, the hospital was divided into three - British, Italian and American, of course the American patients could be seen parading around in their new dressing gowns but they did share their cigarettes and "nutty". The Salvation Army did great work out there in places one would least expect to find them and I have never failed to give to the Salvation Army since that time.
Whilst I was in hospital I was interviewed by a naval investigation team, I think I learnt more from them than they did from me, how we had been torpedoed by a U-boat, initially on the stern and whilst lolling around unable to move we had been hit again midships and the ship had gone down in less than a minute. Their questions had been mainly about the Captain, had I seen him in the water? Had I spoken to him? I was not to learn until much later the significance of such questions.
It was after a matter of only a few days that the Germans launched another counter attack and as there was the possibility that they might reach Naples it was decided to evacuate the hospital. Very hurriedly, one night, we were put on stretchers, put into ambulances and taken to the airport to board a Dakota and take passage to Tunis. It was pointed out during the flight that we were flying over Etna, at any other time I suppose it would have been very interesting, but just then we were not very comfortable and all we wanted was to get a bed somewhere a little safer. We soon arrived at a very modern Italian hospital in the middle of Tunis with first class facilities, it was being run by the Americans so we did not want for anything. I was able to take on a very interesting job, to pass the time away, working with a young American doctor sorting out and matching glass eyes and as we were next to the American Broadcasting Station, our requests for records were always met so there was lots of Frank Sinatra played.
All good things must come to an end and after two or three weeks of luxury we were back on stretchers and loaded on to what looked and smelt like cattle trucks to make a long journey to Algiers, eventually to reach the British General Hospital. What a difference it was any army hospital with army discipline even the bed one occupied depended upon one's seniority, I was lucky, being Navy, I was different and being a chief, I occupied bed No 1 but everyone seemed just content to be away from the war. It was not long before a hospital ship the "Amarapoora" arrived to take us back to U.K., sailing with all lights blazing, a few hearts beat a little faster when we were "buzzed" by a German U boat on our way back across the Bay of Biscay but luckily they accepted that we were in fact genuine. Docking in Bristol I was transferred to Barrow-Gurney Hospital which was a general services hospital, quite comfortable, and by this time I was more mobile, I was in a small ward with five others, no television to watch in those days, so it was listening to the radio and playing cards mostly but we were allowed out of the hospital, unfortunately for me it was a bit difficult because I was still encased in plaster, I could only stand up or lie down and as the plaster didn't show I got some funny looks when I continued to stand when there were plenty of seats on the bus to Bristol. The other problem of course, I still didn't have any clothes to wear except the blue hospital trousers and coat and we were not allowed to go into Bristol like that. On one particular occasion I borrowed the uniform of a fellow patient, it didn't seem to matter much that he was a Royal Marine and it was just unfortunate that when in Bristol I should happen to pass a Marine Officer, I saluted him without thinking that the marines did not salute in the same way as the navy. He stopped me and after my explaining he saw the funnyside and we ended up having a pint together. One of the other patients in the ward was a young lad of nineteen, very outgoing and full of self importance, whatever anyone else had done had had done it, wherever anyone else had been he had been there so when we read in the paper that Joe Loss would be appearing with his orchestra at the local theatre in Bristol it was no surprise to hear him say that Joe Loss was a friend of his. That being the case, we said that he ought to go into the theatre and ask Joe Loss to pay us a visit in hospital and maybe bring his band. Off he went in to Bristol and on his return informed us that he had spoken to his old friend and that we were to prepare the hospital for a visit by the band later that week. We thought that this time he had gone a little too far but imagine our surprise when later that week a coach arrived and out stepped Joe Loss and the band, and that was not all, he announced that our young know all had been a vocalist with him before joining the Navy, lots of red faces.
From Barrow Gurney I was sent to a large house in the country in its own grounds, owned by Lord and Lady Rose, which had been taken over as a recuperation hospital, patients to use the house and part of the grounds whilst the owners took over the Lodge. It seemed to work alright, the old boy liked to come into the house to talk with the lads but his wife kept herself very much to herself. Whilst here I was able to take part in games even playing cricket of a sort as much as being in a plaster jacket would allow but came the day for the jacket to be removed. They brought out the sheers and cut the jacket up each side, lifting the top half off, I saw my stomach for the first time in over six months. What I didn't expect was, after being so active, with the top half of the jacket removed I was helpless, unable to move at all, so began the long road to build all the muscles back up, tying the top back on and gradually, day by day, removing it for short periods whilst doing gentle exercises. It was a long business but eventually came the time to join the working Navy again although on seeing the Surgeon Captain before leaving he had given me a certificate to ensure that I would be on light duties and unfit for sea for a further six months. That was to prove very useful, as soon as I returned to barracks and had been kitted up fully I was drafted to a corvette, thankfully that was cancelled but only after a struggle.
It was during this time, home again in Portsmouth with my wife that when we were out one evening, actually in a queue going to the pictures that who should walk by but a young sub-lieutenant, also a survivor from the Penelope so it was cancel the pictures and lots of talking in the nearest pub. It was from him that I learnt why I had been questioned in the way I had at the enquiry in hospital in Naples. It appears that the Captain was seen resting on a spar as the L.S.T. came in sight and swam strongly towards it, although still wearing his thick reefer jacket but after being assisted on board was examined by a crewman who exclaimed "He's dead". This obviously caused a lot of speculation and as far as I know the result of the inquest has never been published.
The Board of Enquiry into the loss of H.M.S. Penelope was held on board M.V. Winchester Castle at Naples on 20th February 1944 some of the findings being that the first explosion occurred at 0700 while the ship was proceeding from Naples to Anzio unescorted at 26 knots, after the second explosion at 0716 the ship listed heavily to starboard and sank in less than a minute. After further detailing of the extent of damage it makes a point:- "It is considered inadvisable that hands should be sent to action stations in an emergency of the type that will not require the ship to go into action. The consequent opening of doors giving access to magazines etc. is as undesirable as placing the men in a position from which escape is very difficult" Penelope's former commanding officer Captain Nicholl, as Director of operations at the Admiralty commented after reading the report on 1st May 1944; 'There seems little doubt that the Ship's Company was closed up at action stations contributed to the heavy number of casualties'.
There are questions which are difficult to answer - Why let a cruiser steam unescorted in such dangerous waters? Why was the order "Abandon Ship" - not given when it was obvious that with the stern hit, no power, and a sitting target a second and maybe a third torpedo was certain? I have gone past asking why but would mention that the Captain was given a "Mentioned in Despatches" for his part in the action at Anzio. I wonder what was mentioned?
I mentioned earlier that I would refer to 'Dido' again, we took her place during the action in the Dodecanese because she had been in a collision and needed to return to harbour, now again when we returned to Naples she had been due to relieve us after her rest spell but on her way to the beach head she collided with a landing craft which necessitated her return to Naples and of course we had to return to Anzio right away. This is why we were alongside the wall when I turned in and miles away at sea, unescorted, when the German U-boat put an end to Penelope.Don Short
P.O. Charles Arthur Dabbs HMS CairoMy father has passed away but served on HMS Cairo and many other ships in WW2, in Malta, North Africa and the Med.
I am in the process of getting his service records. He become Petty Officer but I am unsure whether that was on the Cairo or the other ships he sailed on. If anyone knew my father, please get in touch.Bev Dabbs
Marine Francis William Holcombe 42nd Royal Marine CommandosMy Grandfather served on the HMS Cairo in 1942 and was on board when it sunk, he was picked up and continued to serve in the Royal Marines up until 1951.Chrystal Thompson
PO. Charles Dabbs HMS IndomitableI am researching the ships my father sailed on in the Royal Navy 1939-1945. I am in the process of requesting his service records. I know some of the ships he did sail on. He was in the Med campaign, namely Malta, France and North Africa. I can remember he did talk of the Cairo, Indomitable, and Ariadne, but know there must have been many more. He became petty officer while serving, and loved being at sea. His name was Charlie Dabbs and was born in Birmingham. Like many lads at that time, he lied about his age to get in the services. If anyone has any information, or contacts who may remember my father, I would be very gratefull.Bev Dabbs
Sgt. Thomas Maxwell Guncrew HMS CairoMy grandfather, Thomas Maxwell joined the Marines at 14, boy service. He saw service on HMS Cairo, Kenya, Caroline & HMS Indefatigable. He was in pre war Palestine then Norway, Dunkirk, Russian convoys, Crete, Malta, Dieppe, Italy, Burma and other units 45, 44 commando att sbs. He was badly wounded in Burma headshot by a Jap sniper. If any vets of 44 cdo knew him I would like to hear from them.Ray Maxwell
Boy.Sea. Frederick Ernest Charles "Lofty" Bowditch DSM. HMS CairoMy father Frederick Bowditch served on HMS Cairo from 1939-1942. He went into action immediately war was declared, even though he was only 16 years old, and at Naval College at the time. He was assigned to HMS Cairo as a Boy Seaman, and was trained as an anti-aircraft gunner.
HMS Cairo provided air cover for the other Royal Navy ships during the Norwegian Campaign. My dad remembers shelling enemy forces in Narvik and other coastal locations with the AA guns pointing horizontally rather than vertically. The ship came under heavy bombardment all through the Campaign, so much so that the AA guns were overheating, and the rifling was worn away by non-stop use.
In May 1940 off Narvik, a bomb exploded between the two funnels. If it had gone down one of the funnels, that would have been the end, and I wouldn�t be writing this now. The gun stations were nearby, and several of the gunners were killed or injured. My dad was injured, but not badly, and he immediately tried to assist those who had fallen, but they were mostly beyond help. He and others then grabbed a fire hose and extinguished the fire that had started. It was very close to the magazine, and thankfully they extinguished the flames or the ship would have been finished.
When he returned to his home in London, he was so exhausted that he refused his father�s pleas to take shelter during an air raid, and just slept right through it. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for his actions off Narvik, aged just 17, and he must be one of the youngest recipients of this award.
After Norway, he also participated in the Atlantic Convoys to Murmansk, once transporting a load of gold bullion (very heavy apparently) to Russia. (He was finally awarded the Arctic Star for this in 2013.) He went with the ship to the Mediterranean, and Operation Pedestal to defend Malta. He was rescued when the ship went down after being attacked and sunk by an Italian submarine in August 1942.
Dad remained close friends with two shipmates from HMS Cairo � Leonard "Happy" Day, and "Rattler" Morgan. He attended many reunions in Portsmouth over the years with his old shipmates. Unfortunately, Happy Day passed away in 2012, but Rattler is still around. Dad was 90 in June 2013, and is now living in a nursing home in Erskine, Scotland. I�m sure he would be happy to hear from any old shipmates or their relatives.Ian Bowditch
Stk. Joe Rogers HMS CairoMy father, Joe Rogers, was a stoker on HMS Cairo from 28th August 1939 until he was wounded in both legs by gunshot wounds on 28th May 1940 whilst he was in the sick bay, having been hit with shrapnel in his arm on 25th May 1940. I think he was then hospitalised in Narvik, Norway. My father passed away on 24th December 1965 at the age of 57.Stanley Rogers
PO. Charlie Grice HMS Cairo (d.28th May 1940)Information from Mrs Molly Matthews (formerly Grice) sister of Charlie Grice: My brother, Charlie Grice died of wounds suffered during the attack on HMS Cairo while defending the coast of Marvin, Norway on 28th May 1940. He was on the guns when the attack happened. The captain of the Cairo, PV McLaughlin, wrote to my parents stating that PO Grice led crew members in fighting a fire on deck despite his serious injuries. He had to be taken below decks where he died of his wounds. Captain McLaughlin said in his letter that if Charlie had lived he would have received an award for his bravery.John McEwan
L/Stkr. Eric Briscoe HMS CairoMy grandfather, Eric Briscoe, served on HMS Cairo, I am not sure of any dates. I know he spent 48 hours in the sea when she was torpedoed. Is this name familiar to anyone?Nicola Croft
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mtmarkwrote a review of Voile Carbon Surf Telemark Ski on March 1, 2005
Pure play Backcountry boards
There is only one reason to buy these skis. Backcountry touring. I mounted these as AT skis with Dynafit bindings for an ultralight set up. I have skied them in a variety of conditions and have enjoyed them in all but deep mash potato snow. However, I would never dream of taking these into an area where they could encounter hardpack groomers.
My complaint with these skis is in their documentation. The specifications (lengths, widths...) are just plain wrong. My 188s are more like 193s and their width is 90+mm not 88mm as stated in their write up.
However, overall the added length and width actually make these boards more floaty and therefore more fun skiing the backcountry. They are excellent backcountry skis.


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|Page added in June, 2015
|More [Interviews]
Dan McAvinchey: Eliot, congratulations on your guitar-focused EP album "Crusade". When
did you start working on the music for this album, and what were your goals for the project?
Eliot Lewis: Thank you! I started working on these songs and tracks at the end of 2013, not long after I released my first live CD, "Live And Upfront". That album was recorded in Ohio. I do a lot of shows in the midwest and end up doing a lot of long drives, so I always have my iPhone's voice recorder ready and have written several songs on these long drives. Sometimes it's just the title or I'll write a complete song in my head. The song "Crusade" was almost completely written on one of those drives.
My goal at this point is instead of putting out a full 10 song CD every year to year and a half, I decided to release these EPs of 5 songs every 6-8 months. I think this serves two purposes, it's a big enough body of work to allow the listener to get involved in, and it keeps the people interested in my music always engaged in new songs. Growing up, it wasn't uncommon for artists to put out records almost twice a year. I'm always writing so this kind of output makes sense to me.
Dan McAvinchey: That's a great strategy. You play a number of instruments, did you play anything other than guitar on "Crusade"?
Eliot Lewis: Yes, although as an artist I consider myself a guitarist, I'm actually a multi-instrumentalist. I play mostly keys and organ on the "Live From Daryl's House" show, now in it's eighth year, and also with Daryl Hall & John Oates. I started on drums and played a lot of bass throughout my career, especially during the years I was a member of The Average White Band. So when I record my albums it's all me playing every instrument.
Dan McAvinchey: What is your approach to constructing a great guitar solo?
Eliot Lewis: It would be to definitely think like a singer. I've worked with so many great singers in my career, Daryl Hall, Smokey Robinson, Aaron Neville, Shelby Lynn and on and on, and their phrasing is always inspiring to me. So I always go for a melody with some emotion when building a guitar solo, much like a singer would.
I simply don't have the technical abilities some players do so I tend to focus more on melody and and not so much on speed.
Dan McAvinchey: Does traditional media (radio, print) play any part for you in getting the word out there about your albums?
Eliot Lewis: Really not so much. Maybe print a little but not so much radio. I'm very fortunate to get some exposure on "Live from Daryl's House" which is now pretty popular all over the world, so that has really helped. I think ideally you have to be out there reaching people with performances and word of mouth.That's the stuff that sticks. I think now more than ever, an artist needs to take complete control over their own promotion.
Dan McAvinchey: Your YouTube videos are excellent - are you using other social media sites to attract attention to your music?
Eliot Lewis: Thanks. Doing a series of music videos is something I've always wanted to do, as I've always embraced the visual side to being a entertainer. I finally found a small team that I clicked with that can help me interpret my music in a visual way. Of course we're utilizing social media too with Facebook and Twitter but the most direct line to my music would always be my own website, which is Eliot Lewis.
Dan McAvinchey: Will you get the opportunity to perform the tracks from "Crusade" and your other solo recordings in front of an audience any time soon?
Eliot Lewis: Yes, in fact I'm on tour right now out west and playing every song on "Crusade". I'd been performing these songs even before they were recorded. I really like to do that, as I find a song can really develop after playing it in front of people for a while.
Dan McAvinchey: What is your role within the Hall and Oates band?
Eliot Lewis: Well, even though I consider myself a guitarist, the position that was available when I was asked to join Daryl Hall & John Oates was the keyboard position and it just kind of stuck. I do get to play guitar here and there and really embrace the variety my position offers. Working with them is a fantastic experience. First and foremost, they have some amazing songs, many of them hits, and many of them timeless. All I ever wanted to do when I was ten years old was to play music and travel the world and I get to do that on a regular basis.
The band itself is really great, which is so important to me. Not only are they all great musicians but also great people. We all really get along and respect each other. There's six members in the band plus Daryl and John and about seven people in the crew with three buses, so it's a fairly large organization. Through working with Hall & Oates I've gotten to play at places I dreamt about, from playing The Hollywood Bowl to The Budokan Arena in Japan to recently meeting and performing for President Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama at The Governors Ball. It all just proves that a lot of hard work and determination can bring you your dreams.
Dan McAvinchey: Does the fact that the majority of music now is consumed through downloading of mp3s rather than physical media change the way you prepare and record an "album"? Does the concept of an album have the meaning it once did, when an artist can release a couple of tracks at any time?
Eliot Lewis: It doesn't really change the way I record, which is always to strive for the best quality. I do think we're starting to see a shift in how music will be delivered. Of course most of it will be through streaming and hopefully the quality will get better. A lot of artists are pushing for that, so we have to help expose the younger listeners that grew up on only mp3's that the listening experience can really be so much better. I think for the kind of "classic rock" sounding music that I write, delivering it in a small group of songs makes more sense than just a single song at a time. That's why I'm doing these five song EP's.
Dan McAvinchey: If a guitar rock music fan has never heard of Eliot Lewis, what are two or three tracks off of "Crusade" that you'd say they would have to hear?
Eliot Lewis: I would say the first three tracks, "Crusade", "Soundtrack" and "Sonic Soldier" sum up what I'm doing as an artist pretty well. I always do some guitar instrumentals on my records because of my influences, great guitar players like Jeff Beck. I always thought, there's different ways to convey a melody and for some songs the guitar makes more sense.
Dan McAvinchey: What are you looking forward to next, what's on your musical agenda?
Eliot Lewis: Everything (laughs)! This year is looking very busy. We just finished a brand new season of "Live From Daryl's House" which will start airing on the Palladia channel in late April. I ended up playing a little guitar on some episodes like I did on the Billy Gibbons episode, so I'm excited about that. There's plenty of Hall & Oates touring and a ton of my own shows including an opening show for Boston later in the summer. I have a fantastic new publicist and I think I'll even be able to release another EP this summer, as I have several new songs already written and in rotation in my shows. I've never been busier and never been happier!
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text: I'm looking for a good deal on a laptop to replace my desktop. My computer usage is very limited to word processing, internet, and emails. Nothing that needs a great deal of power. I'm not into PC Gaming that much, however, I like to play "Links 2003". I believe, the following specs would be adequate for my needs: intel/athlon 1.5 gig mhz or above cdrw/dvd rom ethernet floppy good video display Any suggestions or recommendation would be appreicated. Thanks in advance, bruce


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There hasn't exactly been a happy-go-lucky type of mentality flying around Philadelphia sports lately. The city's football, basketball, and hockey teams have all faltered, and though the latter two are still playing, one is far from the playoffs and the other is scratching and clawing to be relevant in the playoff discussion.
It's easy to see why fans in Philadelphia are going to be putting a lot of pressure on their baseball team in 2013.
While the players probably don't give a second thought as to how the other teams affect their moods, the fans are a different animal. There is plenty of angst and frustration that has built up over the last few months, and now it's up to the boys of summer to try and relieve a little tension for sports fans in the city.
There will be plenty of highs and lows throughout the season, just like any other. There's just a certain hope there are more highs than lows in 2013.
So, does this team have the ability to live up to the hype? After a year in which they finished 81-81, the expectations would seem to be a little lower and the team would appear to be flying under the radar a bit more than in previous years.
The thing about this year's edition of the Philadelphia Phillies is that they will need almost every break and every little thing to go right for them to even be considered for a playoff spot. If they don't have their health, it will be hard for them to stay in the race.
If they don't have someone have a breakout year (I'm talking to you, Domonic Brown), they probably will have a hard time staying in the race. If the bullpen pitches like it did last season, they're probably up the creek without a paddle.
That said, with the way things have gone lately, fans in Philadelphia will just be excited that there is another show in town. But, just like any other year, the welcome will be worn out if the team does not perform. If it's anything like last year, that welcome will be worn out rather quickly.


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Related quotes
"Protectionism is the ally of isolationism, and isolationism is the Dracula of American foreign policy."
"I got tired of feeling like Dracula. I wanted to see some daylight, and not just at six o'clock in the morning."
"Everybody knows that you can't see Dracula's reflection in a mirror, but nobody has ever asked, 'Why?' That's a good question and I answer it. I also thought, 'You know, Dracula is like the father of all vampires and you can kill vampires with a stake in the heart. But Dracula has to be more complicated than that. No one knows how to kill Dracula'."


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If you follow the NFL or pay attention to any sports-related news, then I'm sure you've heard about the infamous, "Deflategate." This is the scandal regarding the Patriots using deflated footballs during their games. The NFL has rules that regulate the inflation pressure of footballs and the Patriots were found using balls that were below the acceptable pressure limits.
Who cares right? Well, bear with me because I'm about to give a quick chemistry and math lesson that directly applies to your digital marketing.
Remember the Ideal Gas Law?
I studied engineering in college and that meant I was forced to memorize a few chemistry laws and equations. One in particular that could be applied to many real life examples (including Deflategate) was the Ideal Gas Law. This law states that an amount of gas is determined by its pressure, volume, and temperature. Here's the law written as an equation:
PV = nRT
(Pressure) x (Volume) = (amount of gas) x (gas constant) x (Temperature)
Don't worry, there won't be much math in this article. In fact, the most important takeaway here is to understand and focus on the relationship between the variables in that equation.
For example, what happens to P (pressure) when T (temperature) increases? If everything else stays the same, then when the temperature rises, then pressure has to rise as well. That's the only way the equation will hold true. In other words, pressure is directly proportional to temperature.
That means if the temperature falls, then pressure will decrease as well. Voila! We just proved that it's possible the Patriots may have inflated their footballs correctly, but when the balls were exposed to lower temperatures the pressure decreased below the acceptable range.
All we did was look at the relationship between pressure and temperature and we were able to see a plausible explanation.
The "Ideal Digital Marketing Law"
Let's shift gears away from football and chemistry to see how to apply this to your marketing. If you've attended my webinars, then I'm sure you've seen the following equation that I'll call the "Ideal Digital Marketing Law":
R = T x C x V
Revenue = (Website Traffic) x (Website Conversion) x (Customer Value)
Again, don't worry about using numbers in the equation; Focus on the relationship between the variables. This equation tells us that your revenue from digital marketing is directly proportional to:
- the amount of traffic to your website
- the conversion rate from website visitor to customer
- the value of your customers
That means there are 3 different ways to increase the amount of revenue generated from your digital marketing. You can increase your website traffic, increase your conversion rates and/or increase your customer value. As any one of those variables increases, your revenue will have to increase proportionally. Just like how the pressure has to decrease when the temperature falls.
Doubling Your Revenue Is Easier Than You Think
OK, before we wrap this up, there's one more exciting fact about this equation that makes doubling your revenue much easier than you may think.
The secret is in improving all three variables at the same time. If you can simultaneously increase your website traffic, your conversion rates, and your customer value, then you only need modest improvements of about 26%. I'll use a simple example so you can see how this works.
Let's say you have 1,000 visitors per month, your conversion rate is 1% and your customer value is $500. Then your total monthly revenue would be $5,000 (1,000 x 1% x $500). Now, let's increase each variable by just 26%.
Your new website traffic is 1,260 (just 260 more visitors), conversion rate is 1.26% and your customer value is $630. When you multiple these new numbers (1,260 x 1.26% x $630), then you'll see you have in fact doubled your revenue to $10,001!
When I first learned about this, it blew me away. I don't know about you, but doubling your revenue sounds almost unbelievable. However, when you break it down using this formula, then I hope you see that it actually does not require enormous improvements!
Register for Free Webinar
You're invited to register for my Free Webinar on Thursday at 1pm ET, called:
"How to Create a Successful Digital Marketing Plan!"
If you haven't already, NOW is the time to create your digital marketing plan for 2015. And I'm hosting this webinar to show you how to do it right.
Click here to register for the webinar
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Chicken Wing Dissection
Sawyer Whelan, Kenna Veith, and Kasey Long
Dissection Materials
chicken wing
upper arm
upper arm
Homologous structures: parts or organs corresponding in structure but not necessarily in function
The function of the skin is to protect everything inside. The skin is attached to the fat tissue underneath.
Removing the skin
The function of subcutaneous fat is to serve as a shock absorber and insulate the deeper tissues.
The difference between flexors and extensors is that flexors work to bend the joint and extensors work to extend, or straighten, the joint.
biceps brachi muscle
triceps brachi muscle
A prime mover is a muscle that has the major responsibility for producing a specific movement, while the antagonist is a muscle that opposes or reverses a particular movement. The biceps brachi is the prime mover and the triceps brachi is the antagonist.
flexed extended
A tendon connects muscle to bone. It is made up of a tough band of fibrous connective tissue. Tendons can be blended with the epimysia and act to anchor muscles.
blood vessel
Ligaments connect bone to bone. They are composed mostly of long, stringy collagen fibers that create bands of tough, fibrous connective tissue. They connect bone to bone at joints.
The purpose of cartilage is to hold some bones together and to prevent bones from rubbing on each other.
elbow joint
This is a pivot joint (synovial).
Cleaning Up
1. The origin is more proximal.
2. The function of muscle tissue is to expand and contract to produce motion in the wing.
3. Muscle tissue is referred to when on speaks of the "meat" of the chicken.
4. The two main types of movement that occur are extension and flexion.
5. The bone in the wing that is connected to the chicken's body at the shoulder is the humerus.
6. The two bones found in the lower arm of the wing are the radius and the ulna.
7. A ball and socket joint connects the wing to the body.
8. A hinge joint moves the wing at the elbow.
9. It is classified as skeletal muscle.
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Chicken Wing Dissection
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Sawyer Whelanon 22 November 2013
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With cancer data from 12,000 patient records, the Genomic Data Commons allows researchers to access, analyze and upload genomic data to advance cancer research.
A recent report by the National Association of State Chief Information Officers urges CIOs to get out in front of the Internet of Things.
Verizon's Intelligent Water platform leverages the Internet of Things to simplify data management, billing and infrastructure modernization.
Celebrating discovery and innovation in government IT.
The White House's seven-step guide aims to help agencies effectively implement big data into their missions.
Agencies are mining data to fight fraud, but the criminals may have better algorithms.
A recent panel focused on government's role in managing the risks associated with the Internet of Things.
Questions of data integrity, value proposition are still unanswered, Defense Department officials said in a recent panel.
Deloitte's annual Technology Trends report outlines the new capabilities in digital, cloud, virtual reality and analytics that will disrupt government operations in the next two years.
Despite the opportunities created by the Internet of Things, managing the accompanying complexity of networked devices will require tremendous amounts of interagency cooperation.
Researchers from Penn State are developing a high performance computing-based framework to evaluate accident traffic data from police reports across California to find patterns related to deaths and severe injuries.
With fast data retrieval critical for real-time analysis, researchers are finding ways to access big data more quickly and efficiently.
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This document specifies the details and format that should be used to submit the investment income provisions report to the Inland Revenue Department. This document has been produced to help you to submit your Investment Income Payor Data online in a complete and correct manner.
This report as requested by article 34(2) of the Income Tax Act should include all those recipients that were paid without the deduction of the final withholding tax.
Your data is to be completed and submitted to the IRD by not later than 31st January following the year for which the payment has been made.


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Team Cure SMA registration is now closed. If you have any questions, please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
Join Team Cure SMA for the 2017 Raleigh Rock 'n' Roll Marathon & 1/2. Our goal is to raise $2,500 to help reach a treatment and cure for SMA.
Grab your running shoes and let's go! The minimum fundraising goal for marathon and half marathon distance runners is $500. The minimum for 5k distance runners is $250 You will receive free admission and a guaranteed spot in the race, a Team Cure SMA performance shirt, gear bag, finisher's medal and certificate, live course entertainment, and entrance to the Finish Line Festival and post race concert!
The deadline to register and submit your race contract is March 1, 2017.
Please contact Amber Snyder at 800.886.1762 or email@example.com with questions.
Event Information
Saturday, April 1 & Sunday, April 2, 2017
Raleigh, NC
Event Schedule
Marathon and Half Marathon
Sunday, April 2, 2017
Salisbury St. and Davie St.
Race begins 7:00AM
5K Race
Saturday, April 1, 2017
Dorothea Dix Park
Race begins 8:00AM


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Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016) HDRip 720p
Rating: 6.4/10
Director: James Bobin
Writers: Linda Woolverton , Lewis Carroll
Stars: Mia Wasikowska, Johnny Depp, Helena Bonham Carter
Genre: Adventure, Family, Fantasy
Language: [English]
Quality: [HDRip] [720p]
Released: 27 May 2016
Story: Alice returns to the whimsical world of Wonderland and travels back in time to help the Mad Hatter.
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How to Get Pendant S in Line Let's Get Rich - Monopoly game is very interested for everyone. Line Lets Get Rich is an online monopoly dice game on your Android device smartphones, tablets, tabs, and iPhone. Netmarble as a games developer company was originally given the name ModooMarble as the best and most favorite games on the PC, laptop, or notebook but because of the sophistication of android phone, then made the game Line Lets Get Rich that can entertain all users.
S Class Card is a character card with the highest level that can be upgraded (enchance) to Level 25. Each time you enchant up to Level MAX it will automatically get the appropriate level of card pendant whereas S Pendant is a valuable asset that allows us to get certain effects that can win the game or blocking enemy attacks you want to attack our city, destroy, make a virus, or exchange the city/planet.
From some friends Line Messenger, someone asked why can fastly up the Level or get fast the S Class Card. Want to know how tips and trick play Line Lets get Rich, let's follow the review by getting pendant S.
If you have Pendant S of the percentage of the power of each effect produced will work optimally. This will certainly make you win and unbeaten. How to Get Pendant S can only be obtained when you buy Premium Pendant Gacha using 25 diamonds. Pendant S can only be obtained if you've never had a card of at least A+. And pendant S greater possibilities of when you already have Pendant A+ which is expandable up to Max. ie +5 Level. Coupon Code K-Bank Line Lets Get Rich will help you get free diamonds depending Event at each month. How to achieve this is by using a K-Bank VISA card/MasterCard Platinum, then you login if you already have, this is the zoom.
With Coupun Code K-Bank Line Lets Get Rich Voucher, you can buy some items in the shop with discounts of up to 70% depending on the folder and language when you install. There is 3 language: English-Thailand-Indonesia. Read Also: Cara Mendapatkan Pendant S Line Let's Get Rich
How to Get Pendant S in Line Let's Get RichTo get a free Pendant S is to follow the event December 17, 2014 yesterday, which gives rewards in the form of Nana S Class Card, Pendant S, More gold, more card packs, and diamonds. While still new, let's buy a pendant in store only with 25 pendant then subsequently get discount 50% to 10 Pendant only, to get Premium Pendant.
With the Event Pendant Draw, if you find Pendant Class S at the time of shake Premium Pendant Gacha, then you will get a bonus of 200 diamonds were sent on December 22, 2014. These Tips Get Rich play that we should follow the events are held, keep your diamonds if there are many other purposes. If there is an Event Pendant Draw that had the opportunity to get a Pendant S, then you buy it. Careful in buying all the items for example Dice, Cards Pack, Pendant, Clover, Combinations, or Enhances.
Here is a list of the pendant gacha of C, B, A, A+ until S Class.Pendant Gatcha
- Old Treasure Map: slow lorises find treasure in deserted island (50% Allowance)
- Eagle's Toe Nail: adding to the starting marble marble
- Devil's Eye: the possibility of tax-exempt
- Trustable Credit Certificate: get a bonus of 30% of Loan
- Elephant Wooden Toy: the slow lorises do not have to pay for the Expo / World Cup
- VIP Plane Ticket: slow lorises do not have to pay for world travel / train travel
- Legendary Bat: Avoid Rip-Off Fee (2x Toll)
- Black Glove: the possibility to withdraw money that is used in the bonus game
- 4 Leaves Clover: the possibility of getting a golden chance card
- Black Card: the possibility of the city toll free first opponent who first visited
- Swindlers Cup: Double Roll the dice to get the first
- Forged Property Ownership Contract: refund as they came into his own city
- Glass Marble: get additional marble according to the number of dice produced x 10% Allowance
- Broken Weight: Loan prepayment ethics visiting the city of our opponents get a discount on the cost of rent
- Salary Salary Man Envelope: the possibility of getting a double allowance for the first round
- Kung Fu Soccer Shoes: possible outcomes generated dice first x 2
- Beauty Lipstick: possible outcomes generated dice first x 2 (Cony The Superstar)
- Sally's Skateboard: the possibility of using the shield to neutralize the opponent's attack cards (Sally)
- Detailed Clock: Double Roll the dice to get the first (Brown The Billionaire)
- Scratched Record: increase of Dice CTRL (Justin)
- Trustable Credit Certificate: Get a bonus of loan.
- Richard Wu's Trump Card: the possibility of getting extra gold after winning the bonus game (Richard Wu)
- Flare: the possibility of success out of the deserted island in the first throw of the dice (Santino)
- Ariane's Hand Mirror: Possible withstand attack the opponent (Ariane)
- Ara's Choke: the possibility of using the shield to neutralize the opponent's attack cards (Ara)
- Celebrity's Scarf: get a bonus of 15% of the Loan (Diana)
S Class Card CharacterS Class Card is arguably the 'master of the game', with additional capabilities that Discount Rental, it will make the enemy will quickly run its marble, so that you can build a lot of assets at low prices. Not only that, if my friend had done to Level Maximum enhance the dice effect will taste great and accurate. You can escape from the cities with high rental fee just to play a dice roll effect fitting accuracy because only in Card S Card.
In some games, I highly optimize the effect of this Christine S Class Card. Of the 16 games that every game numbered 3-4 player I won the game Line Let's Get Rich as much as 15 times and lost 1 time. It is not the result or record obtained from a maniac game, but I still a beginner but I was able to intelligently optimize strategies, quasi lose, and me-roll the dice until they are snug.
Tips Tricks Play Line Lets Get Rich
- If you want to win the game, there are several key condition for winning this line delivered by the developer in his personal twitter. No need to use a cheat, or download online lets get rich mod unlimited diamonds and gold you can win the game with a chance of 98%. Here are tips and trick:
- Select the card for the first time
- Use Odd Even Dice, Marble2x when passing the start, and Double Dice if necessary.
- Use the S-ranking card and pendant S, A +, or A is already enhanced.
- Early play do not use even the odd dice roll the dice and try to play as little as possible.
- Lull in play.
- Use cards chance 'Angel' which can be purchased without a fight or when still in the room.
- Create pathways to travel around the world, the use of dice odd that even if we do not use it again automatically hit the town opponent.
- Play continuously in First Class only in one folder, do not change.
- Those are some tips you need to consider when playing not to lose and always win.
Other LINE ApplicationsLINE Let's Get Rich V1.0.2 Mod Apk - Provide new modified features in the game LINE Let's Get Rich V1.0.2 Mod Apk, such as Diamond, Money, Clover, Free Taxe, Start bonus.
LINE Let's Get Rich V1.0.4 Mod Apk - Some New Features are available in LINE Let's Get Rich V1.0.4 Mod Apk.
Download Free Latest Line Application For All Devices - You can download Line Messenger application for Android, Blackberry, iPhone, Windows Phone, Windows PCs, Windows 8 and Mac OS X.
LINE Let's Get Rich V1.0.2 Apk Android Mobile Games - The original version of Let's Get Rich V1.0.2 Apk.
LINE Let's Get Rich V1.0.4 Apk Android Mobile Games - The latest version of Line Lets Get Rich, come with new feature, such as Victory Support and now you can buy Angel Card no need random.
Related Line Let's Get Rich TipsHow to Get A+ Class Card in Line Let's Get Rich - You will know how to get A+ Class Card, there are several ways to get it.
How to Get S Class Card in Line Let's Get Rich - This is the best Card Class level in the game Line Let's Get Rich, you should get it in order to be a winner in every round.
How to Get Nana S Class Card in Line Let's Get Rich - New Special Character Card/S Class Card in Line Let's Get Rich
How to Get Panda Nana S Class Card in Line Let's Get Rich - A secret to get Teddy Bear costume for the Nana S Class Character Cards
How to Get S+ Class Card in Line Let's Get Rich - At the current level of the S+ Class is the highest character card level in the game Line Let's Get Rich.


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Posted October 17th, 2007, 10:38 PM
In April of this year (2007), we 'sailed' from Basel, Switzerland to Antwerp, Belgium. It was a FABULOUS cruise! If you might like to see our travel log of the trip, here's where: http://www.tomandruth.us/20-FlinnFotos-2007-04Trip.htm NOTE: It's our personal site, thus, no ads!
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Tom & Ruth


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Manjunath Chumbalakar
Posts: 7
Joe Ess
Posts: 9436
posted 6 years ago
Servlets have their place. I use them occasionally when I have some simple functionality I need to get done. However, if you write a couple of non-trivial applications, you'll probably find yourself following the Front Controller Pattern, where one servlet is configured to dispatch requests to some sort of handler. It is this pattern that Struts is modelled after. It has some other functionality, like form handling, validation, a tag library and so on. Basically, Struts takes care of the ugly details so you can focus more on getting your work done (which is true for most any framework, of course).
BTW, if you are just learning Struts, do yourself a favor and learn Struts 2. It fixes some of the big problems with the Struts 1.x series.
BTW, if you are just learning Struts, do yourself a favor and learn Struts 2. It fixes some of the big problems with the Struts 1.x series.
Aleksey Serov
Ranch Hand
Posts: 32
posted 6 years ago
The useful part of Servlet is the API between the web server (specifically the servlet container) and you application. This is the form the HTTP request is received in Java program and the HTTP response is provided by Java program. That includes access to Session too. Hardly it will go away any soon and all the (about 50) Java web frameworks including Struts 2 are build above that API. Programming just servlets may turn to be pretty low level, the frameworks each try to make web programming more clear and easy, each in its own way.


text: Hey guys i want to do a chum fly swap but this would be my first time hosting and i was wondering if someone else could host it or bear with me while i figure this out. i wanted to get 10 tiers and have a due date pretty soon so we can try them out as soon as possible. dec 15th is when i want to end it if not sooner. any pattern you have caught chum on or think would catch chum. 1-2 patterns each Me-had em Mumbles-got em Robast-got em sharpshooter223-got em Twinlakesleach-got em fly punk steeli-got em


text: My allergies have been killing me for the last week. I've been weraing one of those white painter's mask all week. It helps, but still isn't perfect. It gets so hot while wearing it. I imagine it can't be too good for anyone's health to be huffing around a lawn wearing one of those. I feel like I'm walking around with a watermelon for a head!


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Muzeekworld friendly and knowledgeable Sales Engineers have extensive backgrounds in music, recording, and live sound. They're ready to help you find the right solution, so give one of them a call today!
Sale Price $399.99
Retail Price $529.99
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Retail Price $120.00
You save $24.00


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I Want to Cheat On My Wife
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 25 People
I Just Want Something DifferentI am in a very toxic relationship, our sex phenominal, communication, SUCKS! She used to be full of life no fear, happy, now bitchie, sever anxioty, argue, argue, argue, so tired of it, i already picture othet women during sex wanna take it there, i have crazy sexual energy, and...
caveman776 46-50, M 0 Jan 16, 2013
Affair to Remember63 yr old married, but want to share romantic stolen pleasures with lady of adventure, live on cape cod, know what you like, and can make you smile, til then
bobbiecross 61-65, M 0 Jan 11, 2009
Curious Young ManI have been with the same women for 5 yrs. I love her but would like to have a sexual experience with a stranger. I feel that I know how to please a women and not take sex as anything but fullfilling a physical need.
mikwest 26-30 0 Oct 3, 2008


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We help you locate a Castle Cary cello teacher. Cello tuition are a great way to learn a stimulating new hobby, pick up a new talent and gain confidence with cello. Try our site to find Castle Cary cello tutors and select which suits your needs so you can start your cello lessons in Castle Cary today!
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If you are a cello tutor and would like to offer cello lessons in Castle Cary or anywhere else across the UK, please register with First Tutors: Music or find out more about us here. Becoming a Castle Cary cello tutor is a brilliant way to re-affirm your own skills through giving cello tuition while assisting someone else, all in your local Castle Cary area!


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Can I get a Whoot Whoot!?!?! I am so excited to let everybody know that this weekend I signed a one year contract on a studio space in Blue Springs! Together with 3 other photographers, we all share one large space. It's easy to find, has plenty of parking and most of all, there are plenty of wall plugs! LOL! This weekend I beat the winter storm and was able to take some of my lighting and backdrops to the studio. Next it's gonna be time to take my special flooring setup so that I can be ready to take my signature reflection shots.
Ok, I digress! LOL! ... I'm thinking that for the entire month of march I'm going to run a super duper special on my maternity & newborn sessions just to get the ball rolling. After thinking of many different special options I have decided to run with a Double the Prints special ... why? Because ho doesn't like a good 2 for 1 special! LOL!


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Alberto Luxury Casual Pant Cobalt
Alberto Luxury Casual Pant Cobalt
These pants by Alberto come in a comfortable, stretch fabric in a modern fit. The garment dye gives each pair a unique color.
- Designed in Germany
- Super Fit Technology
- Luxury T400 Fabric
- Brushed Cotton
- Broken Twill
- Modern Fit
- 5 Pocket
For more than 90 years, ALBERTO's creative studios have been experimenting with designs and materials to come up with stunning cuts, styles and functions.