text: (The following statement was released by the rating agency) HONG KONG, December 22 (Fitch) Fitch Ratings has affirmed Kenya's Long-Term Foreign and Local Currency IDRs at 'B+' with a Negative Outlook. The issue ratings on Kenya's senior unsecured Foreign-Currency bonds have also been affirmed at 'B+'. The Country Ceiling has been affirmed at 'BB-' and the Short-Term Foreign and Local Currency IDRs at 'B'. KEY RATING DRIVERS Kenya's ratings are supported by its strong growth potential and resilience to shocks, favourable business climate and only moderate exposure to commodity prices. However, its ratings are constrained by its low GDP per capita, sizeable twin budget and current account deficits and rising public and external debt ratios, as well as by political risks. Kenya is starting to make headway in reducing its budget deficit, but it remains substantial and the consolidation path is subject to downside risks. Fitch forecasts a fiscal deficit of 7.1% of GDP for the fiscal year ending June 2017 (FY17), down from 7.5% in FY16 and compared with the original budget target of 9.7%. Nevertheless, this remains well above the 'B' median of 4.2%. The possibility of under-performing tax revenues and increased current expenditures around the August 2017 general elections represent a downside risk, although this is balanced against Kenya's history of under-executing capital expenditures. Kenya's large and persistent fiscal deficits have led to a steady increase in gross general government debt, to 55% of GDP at end-FY16 from 42% at end-FY13. Fitch forecasts it will rise further to 57% at end-FY17, just above the 'B' median of 56%. As a percentage of revenue the debt level is 287%, compared with the 'B' median of 230%. Kenya's debt sustainability will rely on its ability to continue to reduce the primary fiscal deficit and to maintain high levels of economic growth. Kenya has committed to an economic programme that includes increasing government revenues and increasing the efficiency and transparency of expenditures. The programme is supported by an IMF stand-by arrangement and a stand-by credit facility that would make available a combined USD1.5bn in financing should Kenya experience a significant external shock. The medium-term growth outlook remains strong. Public sector spending continues to bolster demand, despite under-executing the capital budget. The Kenyan economy grew by 6.1% in 1H16, as easing drought conditions improved agricultural output and tourism experienced a rebound. Fitch forecasts full year 2016 growth to be 5.8%, owing to decelerating credit growth, and 6% in 2017, but uncertainty around the elections is a downside risk. Consumer price inflation has remained within the central bank's 5+/-2.5% inflation target, supported by the stability of the shilling and lower food and fuel prices. Inflation experienced a slight uptick to 6.7% in November, but it is still well below the 8% reached as of end-December 2015. Lowered inflation expectations have allowed the Central Bank of Kenya to lower the benchmark Central Bank Rate by a total of 150 bps in 2016. In August 2016, the Kenyan Parliament passed a law capping the rates that lenders can charge at 400 bps above the central bank policy rate. Fitch is sceptical that the interest rate cap will increase overall credit by increasing demand as the authorities expect. In the near term, the rate cap will more likely put additional pressure on bank profitability and willingness to lend. Credit to the private sector grew at 4.8% year-on-year in October 2016, down from 19.5% in October 2015. According to the Central Bank of Kenya, NPLs increased to 9.3% of gross loans as of October 2016, up from 5.7% in October 2015. Kenya's August 2017 general elections pose some security and economic risks. Some violent incidents appear likely, but Fitch does not expect it to be anything like the scale of the 2007 elections, when up to 1500 people were killed in ethnic violence. The opposition Coalition for Reform of Democracy coalition reached agreement in principle with the governing Jubilee party over the composition of the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission, but it has yet to be fully staffed, after a dispute which flared into protests and violence earlier in the year. Kenya's overall security situation has also seen improvement, highlighted by the removal of travel advisories by both the US and UK foreign ministries and by the increase in tourism over 2017. The current account deficit remains sizeable and net external debt/GDP is rising. However, Fitch estimates the current account deficit declined to 6.6% of GDP in 2016, from 9.8% in 2014, thanks to tapering capital imports and lower oil prices. Higher oil prices mean a risk of the current account widening in 2017 and 2018. Increasing external debt payments have led to the gradual drawdown of foreign exchange reserves, which stand at USD7.3bn as of mid-December. Nonetheless, at 4.7 months of current external payments, the reserves level is adequate. Kenya's IMF programme provides additional support for the external position. Kenya has improved its rank by 21 places to 108 in the 2016 World Bank's Doing Business Index, a level better than the 'B' median. The country is in the 22nd percentile of the UN Human Development Index. SOVEREIGN RATING MODEL (SRM) and QUALITATIVE OVERLAY (QO) Fitch's proprietary SRM assigns Kenya a score equivalent to a rating of B+ on the Long-Term FC IDR scale. Fitch's sovereign rating committee did not adjust the output from the SRM to arrive at the final LT FC IDR. Fitch's SRM is the agency's proprietary multiple regression rating model that employs 18 variables based on three year centred averages, including one year of forecasts, to produce a score equivalent to a LT FC IDR. Fitch's QO is a forward-looking qualitative framework designed to allow for adjustment to the SRM output to assign the final rating, reflecting factors within our criteria that are not fully quantifiable and/or not fully reflected in the SRM. RATING SENSITIVITIES The main factors that individually, or collectively, could trigger a downgrade are: - Failure to consolidate the budget deficit and stabilise government debt/GDP. - Deterioration in the political or security environment undermining Kenya's long-term growth performance. - Widening of the current account deficit that stresses macroeconomic stability and leads to significant foreign exchange reserves drawdown. The Outlook is Negative. Consequently, Fitch does not currently anticipate developments with a high likelihood of leading to positive rating action. Developments that could, individually or collectively, result in a stabilisation of the Outlook include: - Effective implementation of a fiscal consolidation plan and stabilisation of government debt/GDP. - A longer track record of prudent economic management and structural reforms to foster an improved business environment and faster economic growth. KEY ASSUMPTIONS Fitch assumes the global economy evolves broadly in line with the projections in its latest "Global Economic Outlook". Contact: Primary Analyst Jermaine Leonard Director, +852 2263 9830 Fitch (Hong Kong) Limited 19/F Man Yee Building 68 Des Voeux Road Central Hong Kong Secondary Analyst Federico Barriga Salazar Director +44 20 3530 1242 Committee Chairperson Ed Parker Managing Director +44 20 3530 1176 Media Relations: Wai-Lun Wan, Hong Kong, Tel: +852 2263 9935, Email: email@example.com. Additional information is available on www.fitchratings.com Applicable Criteria Country Ceilings (pub. 16 Aug 2016) here Sovereign Rating Criteria (pub. 18 Jul 2016) here Additional Disclosures Dodd-Frank Rating Information Disclosure Form here _id=1017031 Solicitation Status here Endorsement Policy here ALL FITCH CREDIT RATINGS ARE SUBJECT TO CERTAIN LIMITATIONS AND DISCLAIMERS. PLEASE READ THESE LIMITATIONS AND DISCLAIMERS BY FOLLOWING THIS LINK: here. IN ADDITION, RATING DEFINITIONS AND THE TERMS OF USE OF SUCH RATINGS ARE AVAILABLE ON THE AGENCY'S PUBLIC WEB SITE AT WWW.FITCHRATINGS.COM. PUBLISHED RATINGS, CRITERIA, AND METHODOLOGIES ARE AVAILABLE FROM THIS SITE AT ALL TIMES. FITCH'S CODE OF CONDUCT, CONFIDENTIALITY, CONFLICTS OF INTEREST, AFFILIATE FIREWALL, COMPLIANCE, AND OTHER RELEVANT POLICIES AND PROCEDURES ARE ALSO AVAILABLE FROM THE CODE OF CONDUCT SECTION OF THIS SITE. FITCH MAY HAVE PROVIDED ANOTHER PERMISSIBLE SERVICE TO THE RATED ENTITY OR ITS RELATED THIRD PARTIES. DETAILS OF THIS SERVICE FOR RATINGS FOR WHICH THE LEAD ANALYST IS BASED IN AN EU-REGISTERED ENTITY CAN BE FOUND ON THE ENTITY SUMMARY PAGE FOR THIS ISSUER ON THE FITCH WEBSITE. Copyright © 2016 by Fitch Ratings, Inc., Fitch Ratings Ltd. and its subsidiaries. 33 Whitehall Street, NY, NY 10004. Telephone: 1-800-753-4824, (212) 908-0500. Fax: (212) 480-4435. Reproduction or retransmission in whole or in part is prohibited except by permission. All rights reserved. In issuing and maintaining its ratings and in making other reports (including forecast information), Fitch relies on factual information it receives from issuers and underwriters and from other sources Fitch believes to be credible. Fitch conducts a reasonable investigation of the factual information relied upon by it in accordance with its ratings methodology, and obtains reasonable verification of that information from independent sources, to the extent such sources are available for a given security or in a given jurisdiction. The manner of Fitch's factual investigation and the scope of the third-party verification it obtains will vary depending on the nature of the rated security and its issuer, the requirements and practices in the jurisdiction in which the rated security is offered and sold and/or the issuer is located, the availability and nature of relevant public information, access to the management of the issuer and its advisers, the availability of pre-existing third-party verifications such as audit reports, agreed-upon procedures letters, appraisals, actuarial reports, engineering reports, legal opinions and other reports provided by third parties, the availability of independent and competent third- party verification sources with respect to the particular security or in the particular jurisdiction of the issuer, and a variety of other factors. Users of Fitch's ratings and reports should understand that neither an enhanced factual investigation nor any third-party verification can ensure that all of the information Fitch relies on in connection with a rating or a report will be accurate and complete. Ultimately, the issuer and its advisers are responsible for the accuracy of the information they provide to Fitch and to the market in offering documents and other reports. In issuing its ratings and its reports, Fitch must rely on the work of experts, including independent auditors with respect to financial statements and attorneys with respect to legal and tax matters. Further, ratings and forecasts of financial and other information are inherently forward-looking and embody assumptions and predictions about future events that by their nature cannot be verified as facts. As a result, despite any verification of current facts, ratings and forecasts can be affected by future events or conditions that were not anticipated at the time a rating or forecast was issued or affirmed. The information in this report is provided "as is" without any representation or warranty of any kind, and Fitch does not represent or warrant that the report or any of its contents will meet any of the requirements of a recipient of the report. A Fitch rating is an opinion as to the creditworthiness of a security. This opinion and reports made by Fitch are based on established criteria and methodologies that Fitch is continuously evaluating and updating. Therefore, ratings and reports are the collective work product of Fitch and no individual, or group of individuals, is solely responsible for a rating or a report. The rating does not address the risk of loss due to risks other than credit risk, unless such risk is specifically mentioned. Fitch is not engaged in the offer or sale of any security. All Fitch reports have shared authorship. Individuals identified in a Fitch report were involved in, but are not solely responsible for, the opinions stated therein. The individuals are named for contact purposes only. A report providing a Fitch rating is neither a prospectus nor a substitute for the information assembled, verified and presented to investors by the issuer and its agents in connection with the sale of the securities. Ratings may be changed or withdrawn at any time for any reason in the sole discretion of Fitch. Fitch does not provide investment advice of any sort. Ratings are not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold any security. Ratings do not comment on the adequacy of market price, the suitability of any security for a particular investor, or the tax-exempt nature or taxability of payments made in respect to any security. Fitch receives fees from issuers, insurers, guarantors, other obligors, and underwriters for rating securities. Such fees generally vary from US$1,000 to US$750,000 (or the applicable currency equivalent) per issue. In certain cases, Fitch will rate all or a number of issues issued by a particular issuer, or insured or guaranteed by a particular insurer or guarantor, for a single annual fee. Such fees are expected to vary from US$10,000 to US$1,500,000 (or the applicable currency equivalent). The assignment, publication, or dissemination of a rating by Fitch shall not constitute a consent by Fitch to use its name as an expert in connection with any registration statement filed under the United States securities laws, the Financial Services and Markets Act of 2000 of the United Kingdom, or the securities laws of any particular jurisdiction. 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Posted On:  2 months ago
No additional burden on Home buyers under GST
The CBEC and States have received several complaints that in view of the works contract service tax rate under GST at 12% in respect of under construction flats, complex etc, the people who have booked flats and made part payment are being asked to make entire payment before 1st July 2017 or to face higher tax incidence for payment made after 1st July 2017. This is against the GST law. as explained below.CA Chirag Chauhan
Posted On:  5 months ago
Sign the Petition - Disability goods to be taxed at zero rate in GST
The Finance Minister, Shri ArunJaitleyon 6 June 2017 stated on social media that daily consumer goods being used by the common man among others to become cheaper after GST. Ministry of Finance stated that day-to-day commodities will attract zero GST after the indirect tax regime is rolled out on July 1CA Chirag Chauhan
Posted On:  6 months ago
Composition scheme under the GST
The word 'composition' comes from the Latin componere, meaning "put together". It is a feature of Indirect Tax laws that in order to provide a comfort to assessee from complying with the requirement of paying tax on value addition by maintaining detail of 'inputs' and 'outputs', a option is provided to go for a put together scheme.KUNAL BUDHRAJA
Posted On:  7 months ago
FAQs on Frontend Business Process on GST Portal
Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) is a not-for-profit, non-government company promoted jointly by the Central and State Governments, which will provide shared IT infrastructure and services to both central and state governments including tax payers and other stakeholders. The Frontend services of Registration, Returns, Payments, etc. to all taxpayers will be provided by GSTN. It will be the interface between the government and the taxpayers.One Roof Consultant
Posted On:  7 months ago
FAQs on Overview of Goods and Services Tax (GST)
It is a destination based tax on consumption of goods and services. It is proposed to be levied at all stages right from manufacture up to final consumption with credit of taxes paid at previous stages available as setoff. In a nutshell, only value addition will be taxed and burden of tax is to be borne by the final consumerOne Roof Consultant
Posted On:  7 months ago
FAQS on Meaning and Scope of Supply under GST
The taxable event under GST shall be the supply of goods or services or both made for consideration in the course or furtherance of business. The taxable events under the existing indirect tax laws such as manufacture, sale, or provision of services shall stand subsumed in the taxable event known as 'supply:One Roof Consultant
Posted On:  9 months ago
Government launches GST App to facilitate smooth transition to new tax regime
The Finance Ministry on Thursday launched a mobile app for Goods and Services Tax so as to provide updates to taxpayers on the new tax regime which is to be rolled out from July 1. From helping taxpayers in the migration to GST, providing toll free numbers and videos and reading material on GST to putting up draft laws and rules, the app called the CBEC GST app aims to help taxpayers and address their concerns about the new indirect tax regime. The GST mobile app launched by the ministry can be downloaded for free on Android platforms. The iOS version will be made available shortly, an official statement saidCA Chirag Chauhan
Posted On:  10 months ago
Budget Speech by Finance Minister Arun Jaitely 1 Feb 2017 FY 2017-18
our Government was elected amidst huge expectations of the people.The underlying theme of countless expectations was good governance. The expectations included burning issues like inflation and price rise, corruption in day to day transactions and crony capitalism. There was also expectation for a major change in the way the country's natural resources were allocated, processed and deployed.CA Chirag Chauhan
Posted On:  10 months ago
100 Key Highlights of Union Budget 2017 presented by FM Arun Jaitely FY 2017-18
100 Key Highlights of Union Budget 2017 presented by FM Arun Jaitely FY 2017-18CA Chirag Chauhan
Posted On:  1 year ago
Suggestions from the Industry and Trade Associations for Budget 2017-18 regarding changes in direct and indirect taxes.
In the context of formulating the proposals for the Union Budget of 2017-18, the Ministry of Finance would like to be benefited by the suggestions and views of your Association. You may like to send your suggestions for changes in the duty structure, rates and broadening of tax base on both direct and indirect taxes giving economic justification for the same. 2. Your suggestions and views may be supplemented and justified by relevant statistical information about production, prices, revenue implication of the changes suggested and anyOne Roof Consultant
Posted On:  1 year ago
Know all about Tax Planning – What, Why and How?
Tax planning can be defined simply as planning your cash outflow towards payment of taxes in legitimate manner most beneficial to you. It draws attention to "Payment of taxes", here question to be answered is how one can reduce that taxes or one can postpone it to future date using tax planning tools. "Legitimate Manner" means it should not be tax evasion using illegal tools of tax saving and hiding certain transactions.CA Chirag Chauhan
Posted On:  1 year ago
Goods and Services Tax Bill
is a national Value Added Tax to be implemented in India from 1st of April 2017. This a comprehensive indirect tax covering both supply of Goods and services ranging from manufacture, production, sale and consumption throughout India. The introduction of Goods and Services Tax (GST) would be a significant step in the reform of indirect taxation in India.CA NITIN HARGUDE
Posted On:  1 year ago
Does the attempt to cover excise goof-up in States counts out all Union territories from CG's power to levy Indirect taxes to meet GST Deadline??
Explanation issued by CG in light of Section 19 to rescue its power to levy indirect tax might cover up the states but it counts out all the union territories.Akhil Gupta
Posted On:  1 year ago
FAQs on Frontend Business Process on GST Portal as per Goods and Service tax (GST)
Goods and Services Tax Network (GSTN) is a non-profit non-government company, which will provide shared IT infrastructure and service to both central and state governments including tax payers and other stakeholders. The Frontend services of registration, Returns and payments to all taxpayers will be provided by GSTN. It will be the interface between the government and the taxpayers.CA Chirag Chauhan
Posted On:  1 year ago
FAQs on Meaning and Scope of Supply as per Goods and Service Tax (GST)
The taxable event under GST shall be the supply of goods and / or services made for consideration in the course or furtherance of business. The taxable events under the existing indirect tax laws such as manufacture, sale, or provision of services shall stand subsumed in the taxable event known as 'supply'.CA Chirag Chauhan
Posted On:  1 year ago
FAQs on Overview of Goods and Services Tax (GST)
This article provide an overview about Goods and service tax, various concepts relating to GST. It clarifies the concept of destination based tax on consumption, which taxes will be replaced by GSTCA Chirag Chauhan
Posted On:  1 year ago
G.S.T - one nation, one tax in brief
In today's article we will share some basic details of G.S.T being ONE NATION, ONE TAX. G.S.T is much politically talked & debated topic in the recent past. In fact, it has also got lots of attention from around the world apart from the common peoples of India.CA BHAVESH HINGU
Posted On:  1 year ago
HRESHOLD EXEMPTION OF GST IS RS 10 LAKHS means now all the small traders also covered under GST. So here are some of the provisions of GST... to be continued with some other and very important concepts of GST till then enjoy and keep smilingEsha Agrawal
Posted On:  1 year ago
GST - Game Changer
I have complied summary on GST. It will be worth to read.After a decade-long struggle, the Goods and Services Tax (GST), which has already been adopted by 160+ countries in some form or the other, sailed over the first of three hurdles when the Rajya Sabha unanimously adopted the Constitution Amendment Bill to facilitate its legislation.Hitesh Shah
Posted On:  1 year ago
Understanding Goods and Service tax
The taxation system in India is composed of various taxes on different activities and governed by various Tax Laws and Regulations. The taxes are levied on various types of activities such as manufacturing, trading, services, imports etc., In indirect tax structure the ultimate bearer of tax is not the person, who is paying the tax but the end users or customers who are using various products and services. The Indirect Tax Structure includes following taxes;CS Deepak Pratap Singh

subset: commoncrawl


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Hi, I'm Eddie, Julia's husband. Periodically I'll hijack Julia's blog and post about interesting stuff (or interesting for me!).
I've only been camping once. A fun experience, but I wouldn't ever recommend camping in the mountains in Arkansas in winter unless you're better prepared than I was. Seeing the beautiful weather in NM during the summer and having my one experience to rely upon, Julia and I decided to drive to Jemez falls campground with our puppy Eve.
We found a campsite and I went to fill up my water bag but the forest service had turned off all the water to the campground! Apparently the wells are too low at this point in the year.
We hiked down to Jemez falls, which are pretty spectacular, even in the dry NM summer. However, neither my wife nor I remembered to bring a camera! I dutifully snapped a picture with my cellphone and then we headed back to our campsite.
At our campsite, we decided to start a fire so Julia could start cooking dinner. Trying make a fire in our fire pit in Texas is relatively difficult for me. However, in NM during the summer lighting a fire is as easy as touching a match to almost anything around you. My wife and I had a fire roaring in no time.
The lack of water was really bothering me, so I drove off to try to find a gas station while Julia started dinner. She remembered making food in girl scouts and called them hobo-packs. Essentially these were potatoes, carrots, ground beef and cheese wrapped in aluminum foil and then thrown into the fire. However, I forgot to pack the most important part: the cheese! When I returned from getting water I found out there was no cheese *facepalm* So I headed back to the gas station to get some cheese. Luckily it was just a few minutes away (and totally worth it in retrospect).
When I returned Julia had already put the packs to cook in the fire, but when she pulled them out she put in copious amounts of cheese and threw them back in. When she finally deemed them done, they were delicious!
One thing Julia had been really interested in for this trip was taking time exposure pictures of stars. She set up her camera and her hand trigger for the shutter and went to work. By 11 PM she had some great pictures and we were both exhausted. We tucked ourselves away into my tiny two person backpacking tent and went to sleep.
It was a great day!


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Happiness is a gift card to Coco Blu Boutique! Gift cards can be purchased for any amount desired and are presented in a special gift box. Stop in to purchase one or, if you prefer, order on-line and we'll send it to you or directly to your recipient. They can shop while in Wayne, PA all year round or while on summer vacation in Stone Harbor, NJ.
Please email us to get yours now.


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Day one on the new Primary, first prototype skied unbelievably good. You guys are gonna like this one... Stay tuned for shape details! #droping @aspensnowmass #super8


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LTL - Lithuanian Litas
The Lithuanian Litas is the currency of Lithuania. Our currency rankings show that the most popular Lithuania Litas exchange rate is the LTL to EUR rate. The currency code for Litai is LTL, and the currency symbol is Lt. Below, you'll find Lithuanian Litas rates and a currency converter. You can also subscribe to our currency newsletters with daily rates and analysis, read the XE Currency Blog, or take LTL rates on the go with our XE Currency Apps and website.
The Lithuanian Litas was replaced by the Euro on January 1, 2015.
Top LTL Exchange Rates
Currency Facts
Name: Lithuanian Litas
Symbol: Lt Centas: ct
Minor Unit:
1/100 = Centas
Top LTL Conversion:
Top LTL Chart:
LTL/EUR Chart
Inflation: 2.80%
Freq Used: Lt1, Lt2, Lt5, ct1, ct2, ct5, ct10, ct20, ct50
Freq Used: Lt10, Lt20, Lt50, Lt100, Lt200, Lt500
Central Bank:
Bank of Lithuania
Website: http://www.lb.lt
Users: LithuaniaHave more info about the Lithuanian Litas?
Email us ▶


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The Crowne Plaza is the ideal choice If you are seeking out economical lodging in Cleveland. Shop fashionably at our exceptional stores. Though you may be going on holiday to relax, you don't have to give up knowing the latest news about the world: our hotel offers extensive communication services, such as broadband internet. The Crowne Plaza has everything necessary to make your business stay successful, including major conference facilities and business center. Each room at our hotel provides a tranquil ambiance of splendor. All you need is right here! Whether it's useful laundry services or wake-up call services, the Crowne Plaza will make your stay complete.
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Teléfono:No especificadoFax:1-440-2435319


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*Not available to T-Mobile customers
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Fashion WOMAN watercolor A4 original female painting by Angor
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- Source: eBay
This painting is an original work, which is handpainted in Watercolor on paper.
The painting is signed by the author.( 21cm * 29.7 cm, 8.4 inch * 11.6inch). PAYMENT OPTIONS PayPal Only. Will be shipped worldwide. You will receive a tracking number sent. We will leave positive feedback after every successful transaction, and would appreciate the same. Paintings are despatched securely as soon as payment is received, and are insured for loss or damage in transit. If you are thinking of buying more than one painting and would like to take advantage of my combined postal discount , please remember not to complete payment on your winning bid until you have completed all your purchases. I allow up to seven days after you have won your first item for you to continue shopping for more paintings. Please contact me by using 'ask the seller a question link' if you would like me to extend this time period Thank you for looking at my work. Please see my other listings for original hand painted art work. If you have any problems with the purchase please contact me! I always communicate with my buyers and resolve any issues in a timely manner. If you will not be satisfied with your purchase - I 100% will refund ... read more


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it's an internet thing!
it's an internet thing!
10:52 18 December 2012
Are you a keen photographer? Do a bit of DJ-ing in your spare time? Or like to spend your weekend's scuba diving? In any of these eventualities, you'll need to make sure that expensive equipment is fully insured against theft or accidental damage. But your standard home insurance policy may not be enough.
A standard home contents insurance policy will cover everything that you would be able to remove from your current house and put into a new one - from shoes and clothing to sofas and curtains - but there are some exceptions that could prove particularly costly to replace.
For instance, if you have any items of significant value, anything from antique ornaments to photographic equipment, then most insurers will require you to insure them separately as single items. They will not be covered under the basic terms of your policy.
Here we'll take a look at how home insurance works, find out what typically constitutes a 'valuable item' and offer some tips on insuring high-value equipment.
Calculating the cost of your contents
Although, unlike car insurance, home insurance is not a legal requirement, it is recommended that you take out cover so that you are not left to pick up the cost should you lose any of your possessions to fire, flood or burglary.
Unfortunately, the best way to ensure that your insurance policy covers everything you need it to is to go through your home, room-by-room, and make an inventory of your possessions, including valuations, making sure that you neither over-estimate or under-estimate how much your contents cost.
Under-estimating the value of your contents could leave you short as, aside from the fact that the value of your claim won't be enough to replace everything you've lost, you could find that your insurer will only pay out a percentage of the claim, which could leave you well out of pocket.
On the other hand, over-estimating the value of your possessions could mean that you are paying over the odds for your premium unnecessarily.
Thankfully, the MoneySupermarket home insurance calculator gives a room-by-room breakdown, including outbuildings, and offers reminders for things you may have overlooked.
And once you've done this, you can then move onto pricing up those more expensive, single items - such as those you may use for your hobbies and interests.
Singling out your valuable items
Although things like televisions and computers are usually expensive items they will be, more often than not, covered under the terms of your contents cover. This is because most homes will contain these items and so they are classed as household furnishings and not valuables.
And while most policies will include some kind of cover for valuable items as standard, they generally come with an upper limit which can be as low as £1,000 per item. In this case, you should always check your policy to see what is covered and for how much.
In addition, even though your policy may offer 'unlimited' contents cover, it could still impose limits for valuables behind this claim. So if you have £20,000 worth of 'valuable' items but are only covered for £15,000, that's quite a shortfall to plug.
The sorts of things that you usually need to obtain additional cover for are items such as; jewellery (including costume jewellery and watches), cameras, camcorders, paintings, expensive sports or music equipment, antiques and any items made from precious metals such as gold or silver.
In short, anything of high value that could be deemed as non-essential to the household - even if it is essential to you and your hobby.
So if you are a musician, you will have your instruments insured against accidental damage, theft and loss and, if you play outside of the home, you may want to add instrument and equipment breakdown as well as public liability insurance.
If you are a keen cyclist and have an expensive bike then you may want to take out specialist protection that includes roadside recovery in case you suffer a buckled wheel or similar mishap while out and about.
You'll also need to remember to tell your insurer if you keep your bike - or any other expensive sports equipment for that matter - in an outbuilding when not in use, as this will also affect your cover.
And if you need any of these items to be covered when away from the home then you may need to take out additional personal possessions cover.
Tips on insuring your valuable items
When insuring any high value item always ensure you are covered for the full market value or the cost of a replacement and take out 'new for old cover' where appropriate. For instance, if you have an expensive camcorder that is a couple of years old, you may want to take out new for old cover so that you are given a comparable model, rather than a replacement that is worth the current value after depreciation is considered.
If you are insuring any antiques, paintings or precious metals, then keep in mind that their value can fluctuate and so you should get regular, professional valuations.
If you're insuring any paintings, remember that the death of the artist could see its valuation rapidly increase, so make sure that you are covered for such an eventuality.
Always keep documentary evidence of any valuations as well as purchase receipts of any high value items you have insured. And it's also a good idea to keep photographs of any items as this can help insurers, and the police, should they be stolen.
The best way to make sure you're getting the best deal on your home buildings and contents insurance is to shop around on a price comparison site. MoneySupermarket compares quotes from almost 100 insurers to help you get the right cover at a price you can afford.
Follow Les on Twitter @LesRobertsMSM
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I could fall for you, like the first leaf,
before falling is fashionable, when everyone else
is still clinging and green and oblivious
to change.
I could fall for you, without you seeing
or knowing what I have done, and wait patiently,
and calm, until all the other leaves
have come and gone.
I could fall for you, like a mysterious, scented glove
on the dance floor during your favorite song,
five fingers and an open palm,
alive, yet still, like love.
So, fall already, I hear you say, fall,
you old romantic fool, fall the way you did
in school, and I will fall for you,
as all the leaves come down.
And so we will, so we will, even to our end
in the cold, hard ground, so we will, so we will,
that the young may know that letting go
is the sweetest love of all.


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Victoria Reggie Kennedy was by her husband's side when he was rushed to Massachusetts General Hospital 12 days ago after suffering a seizure.
This past weekend, she joined him in a sailing regatta despite his diagnosis of brain cancer.
Edward M. Kennedy's latest trial has shown a spotlight not just on him, but on his partner of 16 years, by all accounts a redemptive force in his life - and reportedly his choice to take his Senate seat should he be unable to complete his term.
The 76-year-old senator has given no indication he plans to resign as he seeks treatment for a malignant brain tumor. But even prior to his health crisis, he had trumpeted his wife 'Vicki,' who is 22 years his junior, as his choice to continue the Kennedys' 50-plus-year tradition in the U.S. Senate, according to several reports.
"There's no question that he'd like Vicki to continue in his seat," one unnamed Massachusetts Democrat told the New York Daily News, based on a conversation with Kennedy before the cancer diagnosis. "She's smart, and smart politically."
Vicki Kennedy, a former Washington attorney specializing in banking, has never held elected office, but she comes from a politically prominent family which has been close to the Kennedys for decades.
She has been outspoken, especially on gun control issues, as president and co-founder of Common Sense about Kids and Guns, which promotes awareness about gun deaths and injuries to children; she is also a trustee of the Brady Center to Prevent Gun Violence; and a lecturer on gun violence prevention and student involvement in their communities at the American University Washington Semester Program. In addition, she is a trustee of the Maret School in Washington, D.C., a select private school for children in grades K-12.
Members of the Reggie and Kennedy clans first met at the Democratic National Convention in 1956, when Vicki Kennedy's father, Edmund Reggie, a judge and banker from the small, rice-growing town of Crowley, La., swung the Louisiana delegation to support John Kennedy for vice president.
Judge Reggie, who would later become a kingmaker in Louisiana Democratic politics, managed the presidential campaigns in Louisiana for John F. Kennedy, Robert Kennedy and, in 1980, Ted Kennedy. His purchase of a summer house on Nantucket in 1982 further cemented ties between the two families.
He became the confidante of former Louisiana Gov. Edwin W. Edwards, and took advantage of legislative scholarships targeted at needy students to send all six of his children, including Vicki, to Tulane University tuition free, the New Orleans Times-Picayune reported in 1995.
Reggie told the paper he had done nothing wrong.
"It was a perfectly legal thing to do, so I availed myself of it," he said then.
(The scholarships' other beneficiaries have included the children of former Senators John B. Breaux and J. Bennett Johnston, both Democrats, as well as Representatives Jimmy Hayes, a Democrat, Robert L. Livingston and Richard H. Baker, Republicans.)
In 1992, Judge Reggie was also convicted of defrauding a failed savings and loan in federal district court in Louisiana, and sentenced to 120 days of home detention and fined $30,000.
It was through the families' connections that Edward M. Kennedy first got to know Victoria, when she invited him to a 40th wedding anniversary party for her parents in Washington in 1991. "He hung out in the kitchen while I cooked," she told the New York Times, "and he helped me pick vegetables off the vine for the salad."
At that point, they both had children from previous marriages, in her case, two young children from her marriage to Grier Raclin. She told the Times she was impressed at how solicitous Kennedy was of her children.
"We were going out a lot, and Ted knew I was concerned about spending time away from my children," she said. "So one day he very politely said, 'Maybe I'll come over to your place for dinner.' "
"That started a wonderful thing," she said. "I love to cook, and everyone would gather round in the kitchen, and Ted would help Caroline or Curran with their school work."
He proposed to her at a performance of "La Boheme," and they were married in 1992, a year after Kennedy had had to testify at the Palm Beach, Fla., rape trial of his nephew, William K. Smith, and was criticized for his performance in the Senate showdown between Clarence Thomas, then a Supreme Court nominee, and Anita F. Hill.
"I had not ever really intended to get married again," he told the Times. "The people who had been closest to me over the course of my life had disappeared, with that enormous amount of emotion and feeling and love. I thought I probably wouldn't want to go through that kind of experience again."
His first marriage, to Joan Bennett Kennedy, had ended in divorce in 1982, amid allegations of womanizing on his part and alcoholism on hers. They had three children together: Kara Kennedy Allen, Edward Moore Kennedy Jr. and Patrick Joseph Kennedy.
By all accounts, the Kennedy-Reggie marriage has been a bulwark for both partners. He described the relationship in one interview as "something very deep, unexpected, but something very powerful and meaningful to me and Vicki . . . and something that has given me a great sense of stability and emotional security and a great deal of joy and happiness."
Victoria Kennedy reportedly held the family together after the 1999 death of John F. Kennedy Jr. in an airplane crash.
Ted Kennedy supported her after her brother, Raymond Reggie, a New Orleans fund-raiser, pleaded guilty to federal bank fraud charges in New Orleans. Raymond Reggie served six months of a one-year jail sentence on the bank fraud charges and was ordered to pay $3.1 million in restitution for the swindle, which was aimed at keeping solvent his advertising placement firm, Media Direct LLC.
Kennedy, the second-longest serving member of the Senate and third-longest serving in its 219-year history, has had a series of health problems over the years. If he is unable to serve out his term, which ends in 2012, a special election must be held between 145 and 160 days after the seat becomes vacant, according to a state law enacted in 2004.
The late John F. Kennedy held the Massachusetts seat from 1953 to 1960; Ted Kennedy won it in 1962.
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Because I live in it's home port of Tampa, I've been taking the Paradise 1-2x per year since 2008. And while it's never been a "luxury" cruise, it was worth it for the low price, fun vibe and at least it was clean. However this boat and it's crew have been in a steady decline over the past two years.
1) The boat- OLD!! Mildew/ mold all over the old grout in the bathrooms, leaking pipes & shower in the bathrooms, surfaces are torn and ratty, bar stools wobbly, broken deck chairs, inoperable elevators, half-dried pool towels with tired and tacky decor.
2) Staff- they are working very hard but there just isn't enough of them...which makes for unhappy/indifferent/grumpy staff. The only ones smiling were the room stewards and the entertainment crew.
3) Food- it's always been mediocre (you get what you pay for) but now it's just plain inedible. AND unavailable! Reduced hours and long lines. Even the dining room takes forever! Perhaps if Carnival worried less about getting everyone's photo 20x a night, they would have more time to serve the food. (enough with the stupid pirate already).
4) Bar Service- ever since the beverage packages became popular, the bar service has been a problem. It's plain to see that Carnival is trying to reduce their costs on the program by making it nearly impossible to use it. Every cruise has fewer bar tenders and cocktail servers. The staff they have are literally running from open to close, but they just can't keep up. Which makes for a lot of very aggressive and angry passengers. NOT FUN! Waiting for 30 mins to get a beverage is not acceptable. By the last night, it was a mutiny in the casino bar. People screaming, pushing, arguing with pit bosses....a real mess.
5) Casino- always been a problem on this boat- the dealers are the most unhappy group of people I've ever met. Not sure the cause, but if you're going to take my money, you could at least smile and make it fun.
Unfortunately I already have another cruise in July booked on Paradise. But if I have the same experience I had on this trip, I will never be taking Carnival again. There are just too many other options to waste money on a low-quality operation like Carnival Cruise Lines.
Gets a little worse each time....
My friends/family and I take this cruise a couple of times a year because it's quick, convenient and inexpensive. This was probably my 6th or 7th time. Sometimes we take the RC Brilliance of the Seas if the dates match up. The Brilliance is a nicer ship with better food but usually the Paradise is more "fun".
First let me say the Paradise is always clean and the beds are comfy. We had a problem in our room (shower leaked a little onto the carpet) but it was fixed and we were given a small bill credit and a fruit/dessert plate in our room without us even having to mention it. A+ for service.
However, the boat continues to decline. It's tired. It's always been tacky, but now it's just plain old. You can only clean something so many times before it's just worn out. All over you see evidence of repairs/band-aids to fix old equipment and facilities. My shower had been caulked so many times that there was black mildew IN the caulk. I heard Paradise was going into dry dock in Feb of 2018 and frankly it desperately needs it. I hope they make some real improvements and changes instead of just replacing old stuff. Sadly, there are some areas this boat will never be able to compare to RCCL Brilliance- like the balcony staterooms, which are practically non-existent on Paradise.
What will really make me think twice before booking on Carnival again is the food, the bar service and the casino.
1) The dining room food is horrendous. Inedible. And served to you by waiters who look like they'd rather be anywhere than on that boat. And enough with the cheesy pirate photos and dancing. Concentrate on what you're serving before you get into table side entertainment. Not even the best Macarena rendition will compensate for smelly seafood and stringy steak. There is only so much pizza and grilled sandwiches one can eat in a weekend.
2) Since the pre-pay beverage package became popular, the liquor and wine choices have steadily declined. No more Kettle One or Prosecco. The bars are under staffed with unfriendly bar tenders and dwindling choices.
3) I would cruise Disney all of the time IF they had a casino. This is one of the major draws of cruising for me. And while I expect to ultimately loose my money, I hate doing it to rude, unsmiling, condescending dealers. You (dealer) can at least return a smile when you take the whole pot. Gambling should at least be fun.
I'll be going on the Paradise again in 25 days. We booked it a long time ago. If I could, I would cancel and spend the extra time and money to try something else out of Miami. I feel like given the age of the boat, the price and the duration of the cruise, my expectations were pretty low. Sadly, Carnival didn't even meet those.
What Tampa needs is a cruise line willing to send in a new/nice small boat for these long weekend cruises. Large boats can't come into Tampa, but the cruises are always fully booked. We LOVE to cruise here and I think we're willing to pay a little more for the luxuries offered on the new mega-ships but in a smaller size on a shorter trip. Listen up Carnival- first cruise line to give Tampa a better option is going to get mine and probably many others' business.
We've taken this boat on this weekend for 4 years now as an inexpensive Mother's Day trip. We know it's an old boat and you get what you pay for. The decor has always been old and tacky, almost comical. But what's gone down hill is the service and the food. We felt rushed from the moment we got on the boat to when we left. The staff seem to just want to get through it. We could never find our stateroom attendant to ask for ice. When we asked anyone in the halls, they always said that they weren't our attendant and that we'd have to wait for ours to come on duty. Used to be the attendant always came by and introduced himself as soon as you got to your room. Dinner is nothing short of a cattle call. The servers are in such a hurry to get you watered, fed and out of there that it's impossible to catch anyone's eye to get a condiment or a drink (other than the bar drinks of course- because they're extra). The food was mostly inedible. It's never been fantastic- but this year even the pizza was gross. I lost 2 pounds if that tells you anything! The casino dealers all seem bored, harrased or indifferent. If I'm going to loose money, at least make it fun. Not to mention there are never enough tables. The bar servers act as if your drink requests are an inconvenience. I will say the ONLY staff we had a good experience with were the servers on the Serenity deck. They were fun & attentive. And the boat is still pretty clean. And and the asian rock band that's been there forever is still really good. But we will not go on this boat again. In stead we're going to pony up for the 4-night with Royal Carribean next year.
received a helpful vote on their Carnival Paradise cruise review - Hell on the Paradise
shared a quick tip for Carnival Paradise"**I heard that Paradise is set for dry dock and updates in Feb. I hope Carnival listens to it's customers and takes the time to do a MAJOR overhaul. I would give it another chance if they did."
added May 4, 2017 cruise on Carnival Paradise to their profile.
reviewed their Caribbean - Western cruise on Carnival Paradise and gave it 2 stars!
received a helpful vote on their Carnival Paradise cruise review - Gets a little worse each time....
received a helpful vote on their Carnival Paradise cruise review - Gets a little worse each time....
received a helpful vote on their Carnival Paradise cruise review - Gets a little worse each time....
received a helpful vote on their Carnival Paradise cruise review - Gets a little worse each time....
received a helpful vote on their Carnival Paradise cruise review - Gets a little worse each time....
shared a quick tip for Carnival Paradise"The Serenity deck is the best part of the ship. But get there early because they only have 4 umbrellas even though there's room for 8-10. "


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Movie Gallery Of Saugatuck 3467 BLUE STAR HWY SAUGATUCK, MI 49453 (269) 857-5600 NOW LOCALLY OWNED AND OPERATED AND IS NOT AFFILIATED WITH ANY "BIG BOX CHAIN STORE" Offering New Releases as Well as Old Time Favorites, Specialized Films, Foreign-Independent-Documentaries-History-Gblt-Indie-Meto Flixs and More! Nice Selection of Video Games, Snacks and Cold Beverages Too.
Be the first MLive.com user to add photos or videos of Movie Gallery of Saugatuck
I have spoke with Tony the manager and he did resolve my problems with the late fees. I also canceled power play membership. I had to call an 800 #, the store can not cancel the power play package.
Home entertainment retailer chain specializes in selling and renting new and usesd DVD and VHS movies and video games since 1985.
Movie Gallery Of Saugatuck
Movie Gallery can be found at Blue Star Hwy 3467. The following is offered: Video Rental & Retail. The entry is present with us since Sep 9, 2010 and was last updated on Nov 14, 2013. In Saugatuck there are 1 other Video Rental & Retail. An overview can be found here.


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This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Healthy Schools programmes may assist schools in improving the oral health of children through advocating a common risk factor approach to health promotion and by more explicit consideration of oral health. The objectives of this study were to gain a broad contextual understanding of issues around the delivery of oral health promotion as part of Healthy Schools programmes and to investigate the barriers and drivers to the incorporation of oral health promoting activities in schools taking this holistic approach to health promotion.
Semi-structured telephone interviews were carried out with coordinators of Healthy Schools programmes in the Northwest of England. Interview transcripts were coded using a framework derived from themes in the interview schedule.
All 22 Healthy Schools coordinators participated and all reported some engagement of their Healthy Schools scheme with oral health promotion. The degree of this engagement depended on factors such as historical patterns of working, partnerships, resources and priorities. Primary schools were reported to have engaged more fully with both Healthy Schools programmes and aspects of oral health promotion than secondary schools. Participants identified healthy eating interventions as the most appropriate means to promote oral health in schools. Partners with expertise in oral health were key in supporting Healthy Schools programmes to promote oral health.
Healthy Schools programmes are supporting the promotion of oral health although the extent to which this is happening is variable. Structures should be put in place to ensure that the engagement of Healthy Schools with oral health is fully supported.
The World Health Organisation (WHO) advocates using Health Promoting Schools/Healthy Schools (terms used interchangeably in this paper) to promote general and oral health [1,2]. Healthy Schools are established worldwide as mechanisms for improving the health of school communities by supporting the health education curriculum through the school ethos and environment [3,4].
WHO guidance on Health Promoting Schools has been translated into policy in many countries. In England, the National Healthy Schools Programme (NHSP) provides strategic leadership to local Healthy School programmes (LHSPs) by endorsing a whole-school approach focused on common risk factors (CRFs); risk factors such as diet, tobacco and exercise, which are shared by the major non-communicable diseases [5]. Current thinking supports the promotion of oral health through this approach since some of the main aetiological factors of oral diseases such as dental caries (high frequency and amount of sugar intake) are well-recognised as also being implicated in other conditions such as diabetes [6]. Risk factors for oral cancer are common to other types of cancer, and accident prevention programmes can prevent trauma to teeth and oral tissues.
The NHSP requires schools to achieve 'Healthy School' status by addressing the CRFs through focusing on four strands [7]:
• Personal, Social & Health Education (including drugs, tobacco, alcohol and sex and relationships education)
• Healthy Eating
• Physical Activity
• Emotional Health & Wellbeing
Oral health is not discussed within the NHSP, although the English oral health strategy suggests that oral health should be promoted using the CRF approach within settings such as Healthy Schools [8]. LHSPs may not identify oral health as an important issue. Whether oral health is being promoted by the English NHSP has not been studied, although a small number of studies have been carried out in other national contexts.
A recent study in Scotland reported an association between Healthy School status and twice-daily toothbrushing for some children attending Healthy Schools in deprived areas [9]. The authors analysed data from the Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Questionnaire using multilevel logistic regression. Schools were classified into two categories: having/working towards a Health Promoting School award or not having/not working towards a Health Promoting School award. No attempt was made to determine which schools-based activities may have influenced this difference in behaviour.
A study in Brazil has also reported oral health benefits for children attending schools engaging with the Health Promoting Schools philosophy [10]. Schools were categorised as being either supportive or non-supportive in terms of their engagement. Engagement was measured according to schools' implementation of health promoting strategies. Children in supportive schools had better and more homogenous health outcomes in terms of caries levels and dental trauma. Since none of the schools in the study had a formal dental health education programme, the differences observed could be attributed to the effect of a CRF approach in promoting oral health.
Whilst these studies point towards Healthy Schools having a positive impact on oral health, nothing is known about how the Healthy Schools programme translates into interventions influencing oral health. Therefore the research questions being addressed were:
What are the areas of the Healthy Schools programme which might impact on oral health? To what extent are these areas pursued within Healthy Schools programmes in the North-West of England? What are the barriers and drivers to the incorporation of oral health promoting activities within Healthy Schools programmes?
Approval to carry out the study was obtained from the Central Office for Research Ethics Committees (COREC) (06/MRE/63), the Department of Health and employers of participants.
The English NHSP is organised into 9 regions. The North-West region incorporates 2 large conurbations and some rural areas. Parts of the North-West region are among the most deprived areas in England, others are among the most affluent http://www.statistics.gov.uk. Each region of the NHSP consists of several LHSPs that operate as partnerships between local education and health agencies. Coordinators of the 22 LHSPs in the North-West of England (Local Healthy School Coordinators) were identified as key informants for this study. These individuals have responsibility for managing LHSPs and as such, were considered to have the potential to provide both strategic and practical insights for the current study.
A qualitative rather than quantitative study design was selected because of the lack of previously reported data in this field. Semi-structured interview rather than focus group methodology was selected because of the difficulty in arranging for the participants to gather in one place. Interviews can also assist respondents in speaking freely [11]. The interviews were semi-structured to allow flexible data collection so that emergent issues could be explored alongside discussion of the key themes [12].
Oral health promoting activities suitable for incorporation into the NHSP were identified from a literature search, followed by consultation with a range of senior personnel working in the field of dental public health by means of a questionnaire. A panel with expertise in the field of oral health promotion (OHP) reviewed the activities identified and thus finalised the interview schedule (Table (Table11).
The schedule contained questions around three themes:
A. The concept of promoting oral health as part of Healthy Schools
B. The delivery of OHP in Healthy Schools
C. Drivers for oral health to be promoted as part of Healthy Schools
Coordinators of the 22 LHSPs in the Northwest of England were mailed to invite them to participate and to give them information about the study. Participants who did not reply were contacted by telephone and/or email to establish whether they were willing to take part. All 22 LHSP coordinators consented to participate in the study. Participants were assured that their responses would be anonomised. Interviews were audio-taped and transcribed.
A coding framework based on the themes in the interview schedule was designed. Transcripts were examined manually to identify codes using thematic content analysis and a system of constant comparison [13,14]. This involved passing through the data several times, making comparisons and connections until no further codes were identified and the data was considered to be saturated. Ten codes were identified and categorised within the three main themes used in the interview schedule (Table (Table2).2). Transcripts were coded with the final set of codes using NVIVO software (QSR International). Coding was carried out by the interviewer (ES) and was verified by a second rater. Differences in opinion were resolved by consensus discussion.
This study referred to qualitative research review guidelines to ensure its quality [15]. Systematic processes and full methodological accounts were used to enhance reproducibility [16]. Reliability was ensured, and the potential impact of the researcher also being the interviewer minimised, through investigator triangulation in the coding, with the second coder not being otherwise engaged with the study [17]. Disagreements were settled through consensus discussion. It was difficult to check the validity of the study using data triangulation because of lack of previously collected data in the field [16,17]. Findings from this study will be tested for validity in future planned research in this field. A degree of validation was provided through the inclusion of 'negative' cases [16]. The high response rate assisted generalisability [18].
All the respondents felt that it was appropriate to promote oral health within Healthy Schools. All respondents placed OHP within the Healthy Eating strand of the NHSP. Six respondents also recognised the appropriateness of locating OHP within other strands of the programme:
(numbers in brackets after each quote refer to the participant)
'it goes hand in hand with the Healthy Eating standard' (9)
'It's also an important part of the emotional health and ... the sex and relationship education' (22)
All respondents felt that oral and general health were linked. Three participants conceptualised oral health as an indicator of general health:
'the health of the gums etc is an indicator in terms of heart disease' (11)
Other respondents felt that there was no distinction between oral and general health for the purposes of promoting oral health within Healthy Schools. There was also recognition that oral health had historically been separated from general health, but that it should now be included as part of general health, and the Healthy School approach was therefore a positive thing in this context:
'I think the key thing is ... the linkage. Oral health has sat on its own for so long' (9)
Eight participants gave schools or school nurses the responsibility for OHP, others felt that the responsibility lay solely with specialist OHP teams or jointly between Healthy Schools teams, schools and OHP teams:
'it's part of what schools teach young people' (10)
'It's got to be a partnership thing' (12)
Many respondents acknowledged the necessity for the involvement of personnel with specialist oral health expertise.
This code categorised oral health promoting activities within the main strands of the NHSP.
All participants reported that schools addressing healthy eating as part of their Healthy Schools work were expected to have a healthy eating policy and to be acting on that policy. Irrespective of engagement with Healthy Schools, all schools were expected to conform to minimum nutritional standards [19]. There was variability in how LHSPs were requiring schools to achieve the healthy eating standard; for example, only some participants had made the guidance explicitly tooth-friendly.
Formal oral health education and education about alcohol and tobacco fall within the PSHE strand (alcohol and tobacco are risk factors for oral cancer). Although participants did not tend to make unprompted links between tobacco and alcohol and oral health, once prompted they were aware of the relevance of targeting these areas to promoting oral health. Tobacco interventions were being directed through national legislation e.g. The Smoke-free (Premises and Enforcement) Regulations (2006), as well as through Healthy Schools. Healthy Schools programmes required schools to have policies covering tobacco, alcohol and drugs. School interventions and education around these topics were more variable with some participants reporting smoking cessation workers visiting schools. In other areas schools-based smoking cessation was viewed as being inappropriate because it was felt that smoking cessation should be instigated by an individual's desire to quit.
Nine respondents recognised the relevance of oral health to this Healthy Schools strand:
'there's a very nice project ... about the effect of your teeth on your whole face, and your own personality ... that's about self-esteem as well' (11)
Respondents were asked about two aspects of physical activity that could prevent oro-facial trauma: the use of cycle helmets and sports mouthguards. Cycle helmets were commonly being promoted either directly by the LHSP, or by their partners. Sports mouthguards were less commonly promoted and one respondent raised concerns raised about the appropriateness of promoting mouthguard use:
'because of the chance of choking' (16)
This code related OHP activities to the five core features of a whole school approach.
Participants were generally positive about oral health being taught within schools, with most expressing that it should be taught either within PSHE or science. Not all participants were aware of precisely what was taught in relation to oral health. Some respondents expressed concerns about timetabling constraints.
The physical environment of the school has the potential to impact on oral health because of its links to health and safety, accident prevention and emotional health and wellbeing. The extent to which it was being considered differed between localities. Some areas considered the physical environment of their schools as an area for schools to address after they achieved 'Healthy School' status. Others conceptualised assessing the physical school environment either as a part of ensuring that schools were using the whole school approach or as linked to the emotional health and wellbeing strand of the NHSP.
All the participants except one were unaware of schools in their area having specific oral health policies; it was generally felt to be more appropriate that references to oral health should be embedded within more general policies:
'it's also explicit in in you know the whole school food policy which we've modelled for them ...erm which which sort goes through ... DMFT figures ... so its sets the context of ...why it is important about healthy eating' (18)
Pupil participation may impact on oral health through promoting psychological health and wellbeing. In one area pupil participation was being used to promote oral health specifically:
'we ... use some of the older children to be peer educators ... we've trained the children ...and they then have gone to work with some of the nursery children' (11)
Involving parents and staff in Healthy School programmes is a vital part of the whole school approach. Parents were more commonly involved in OHP in the primary than the secondary sector:
'we're ... trying to educate parents of primary school children ... we emphasize that a lot more ...than we do with secondary children' (10)
This code described the resources, personnel and partners involved in the delivery of OHP.
Personnel involved with OHP in Healthy Schools sometimes included individuals working as core members of local Healthy Schools teams. In the majority of areas personnel also included people working for partner agencies such as OHP teams, local sports partnership teams, school nurses and drug education teams. OHP teams are generally dental nurses, hygienists, and therapists trained in oral health education and employed by the local salaried dental service. Only one participant reported that the LHSP was not working in partnership with an OHP team. The role of local OHP teams varied considerably between areas:
'the OH (oral health) team come in and run a programme ... supporting the curriculum ... they've done something in terms of leaflets on resetting teeth, if they've been knocked out they ... support the work right throughout all Key Stages' (16)
'they do like puppet plays as well ...around the theme of OH' (4)
In one area, the issue of expertise was addressed differently; the Healthy School team had recognised that they had more expertise about delivering interventions in schools than the local OHP team. They worked with the OHP team to ensure that OHP messages were provided in the most appropriate ways:
'oral health were working ... quite independently of us .... they were too focused on oral health ... there was actually a jarring happening so that when Health Promoting Schools were going in as well ... it was beginning to be seen as a bit of a nanny state .... so what we decided to do was because we had more expertise about delivering in schools ... is to make the health messages education friendly ... we started working more closely with oral health ... one of their workers actually joined our team ' (22)
OHP interventions were sometimes targeted to either the primary sector and/or to those schools with the worst dental health. One reason for targeting the primary sector related to lack of uptake by secondary schools although other areas targeted the primary sector because of the perceived importance of establishing healthy behaviours at a young age.
This code described challenges identified in promoting oral health in Healthy Schools.
This problem emerged in relation to schools being able to choose the extent to which they engaged with their local Healthy Schools programme or with OHP interventions:
'all our schools are signed up, it doesn't necessarily mean they're doing anything' (2)
Seven respondents discussed that lack of expertise was a challenge in delivering OHP:
'we don't go into the secondaries ... we haven't got enough medical knowledge' (22)
Many of the challenges in delivering OHP in Healthy Schools discussed by participants were logistical:
'if you give them water in classes, they'll just mess about with it' (10)
Participants noted that there was evidence of mixed messages occurring in schools, for example with unhealthy food being served at some school events.
The problem of outside vendors (ice cream vans at the school gates etc) was common to several localities. There was evidence of work going on to address the issue in six areas, by involving vendors themselves, trading standards and/or environmental health. Participants expressed a wish for guidance on this issue.
The low profile of oral health was discussed by twelve respondents as a potential barrier to promoting oral health in Healthy Schools. Interviewees cited the exclusion of oral health from National Healthy Schools guidance, although they did recognise that oral health may be promoted as part of the CRF approach, despite the lack of national guidance:
'it's hard because there's no specific reference to it within Healthy Schools ... at the moment the focus is on Healthy Schools status' (2)
'it's almost implicit in the healthy eating work that you do. I don't think it's perhaps given as high a priority as it might do' (18)
There were also comments made relating to the low profile of oral health on the local agenda:
'oral health hasn't been targeted as a priority this time' (2)
Respondents were also unsure if schools would make the link between Healthy Schools and oral health and recognised that this may depend on circumstances within individual schools.
Problems identified specific to the secondary sector included accessing parents, engaging schools and the tight curriculum.
Seventeen participants considered that oral disease in their area was a problem:
'we've got the worst OH erm data in the country' (8)
A few respondents did not think that oral disease was a local problem or recognised that although local levels of oral disease were high, the problem had not been prioritised:
'as far as I'm aware it isn't' (19) (area in the best quartile for oral health in the Northwest)
'it hasn't been deemed to be (a priority), .... that's not saying that it isn't' (2) (area in the second worst quartile for oral health in the North-West)
In some areas oral health was a local priority:
'we've specifically said good practice is linked to dental health' (15)
Respondents were unaware of the existence of any national strategies or directives that would support the promotion of oral health as part of Healthy Schools:
'we've not got any sort of directives, not sort of nationally' (17)
Historical ways of working emerged from the data as a way to explain how many local Healthy Schools programmes had come to be so involved with oral health:
'we've always done it in this area' (17)
Recent evidence of an association between periodontal disease and systemic diseases such as coronary heart disease and diabetes [20], has brought an increased focus on the importance of oral health in relation to general health. As noted by some of the participants in the study, oral health has often been considered as a separate entity from other health considerations. The Healthy Schools programme does not consider separate diseases as part of the overall strategy guiding the programme. The question then arises 'Are preventive programmes pertinent to preventing oral disease implemented as a result of the Healthy Schools programme, or do some gaps exist?' This study suggests that indeed there are some areas where oral health issues are fully addressed, but there are also other areas where oral health issues are only partly addressed; and full coverage of oral health within the Healthy Schools programme is often dependent on historical ways of working and input from specialised dental personnel working on health promotion and supporting the school activity.
When interpreting the data generated from evaluations of health promotion interventions it is difficult to disentangle the intervention being studied from other interventions [21]. In the case of Healthy Schools, this difficulty is amplified by the partnership approach embedded within the philosophy and by the possibility that schools who have not engaged with Healthy Schools programmes may be accessing other health promotion programmes and interventions. The results for example indicate that there are several other influences on policy and practice in schools such as legislation related to healthy eating and creating smoke-free environments. However, whilst being unable to conclude that oral health is or is not being promoted as a direct result of the Healthy Schools programmes, this study was able to demonstrate ways in which Healthy Schools programmes are promoting oral health.
Care is necessary in extrapolating the results of this study to wider national and international contexts. However, there is no evidence that the North-West region is different from other English Healthy School regions, in the way in which its Healthy Schools programmes engage with OHP. Further, because local Healthy Schools programmes work within the NHSP framework [7] and towards national targets, it would be reasonable to suggest that the results of research in one Healthy Schools region might be applicable to the national wider context. In terms of international applicability, this research provides data describing the practical aspects of using the CRF approach to promote oral health in school settings and describes issues related to the challenges of using this approach to promote oral health.
Results showed that some Healthy Schools programmes were relying largely on the promotion of oral health through the CRF approach, whilst others were more explicit in promoting oral health. Explicit OHP tended to be related to historical ways of working, and often involved input from local OHP teams using dental personnel. In some areas OHP teams were offering specific schools-based interventions. In other areas, OHP teams were more involved in providing advocacy and training, roles which have been recommended for oral health experts working within general health promotion frameworks [22-25]. The role of expert (dental) input is an important issue when considering promoting oral health using the CRF approach [22-25]. There was consensus among participants in this study that expert input was necessary. Expertise was valued in relation to raising the profile of oral health and providing input to schools, local programmes and strategic groups. Further research is needed to identify the most appropriate way to utilise oral health expertise within Healthy Schools programmes.
OHP was most often related to the healthy eating and PSHE strands of the NHSP. Whilst it is easy to envisage the positive impact of the promotion of healthy eating within the school on levels of dental caries, it is more difficult to see how Healthy Schools programmes might impact on levels of toothbrushing, as indeed they appear to [9]. It is well established that toothbrushing habits are related to general hygiene and cleanliness [26], and that that school satisfaction and self-esteem are related to more-than-once-a-day toothbrushing [27]. Perhaps emphasis within the Healthy Schools programme on building a positive environment for children has had some indirect benefits on their oral hygiene habits although less than half of the coordinators of the LHSPs in this study recognised the relevance of oral health to the emotional health and wellbeing strand of the NHSP.
The integration of OHP within Healthy Schools programmes was occurring despite participants' lack of awareness of international and national guidance in relation to oral health [2,8]. Currently, although local Healthy School coordinators seem to have made linkages between Healthy Schools and oral health, Healthy Schools policy makers at a national level have excluded oral health from guidance. National guidance on OHP in Healthy Schools would legitimise the promotion of oral health in Healthy Schools and secure its future against the threats identified by participants in this study. The authors suggest a national document based on the WHO publication on OHP in Health Promoting Schools [2]. The authors also recommend further research to establish which methods are the most effective and appropriate ways of promoting oral health in Healthy Schools.
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
ES designed the study, carried out the fieldwork and drafted the manuscript. CMP and RVH assisted in the design of the study and advised on the preparation of the manuscript. All the authors read and approved the final manuscript.
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:
This work was supported by GABA International AG [Grant number RGDCGT].
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Alexis and Elliott visit The United States Military Academy at West Point to find out more about a mischievous young cadet named Dwight D. Eisenhower, future 34th president. Alexis talks to historian Kevin Kruse about Ike's religious revival and Susan Eisenhower reveals a lighter side of the man she called "Granddad."
Presidents Are People Too!, an Audible Original, recasts each of the American presidents as real-life people, complete with flaws, quirks, triumphs, scandals and bodily ailments. Hosts Elliott Kalan, former Daily Show head writer, and American historian and author Alexis Coe talk to experts, comedians, journalists, actors and re-enactors to better understand the men memorialized on the Washington Mall and those all but forgotten.
©2016 Audible Original LLC (P)2016 Audible Original LLC
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Top 3 places to see and top 3 things to do in Minneapolis/St. Paul (USA)
- By Gabriela A
- Destinations
- 21.10.2016
Spirit Airlines is one of the low-cost airlines functioning in United States today. Founded in 1980 as Charter One, the airline initially flew on sectors like Atlantic City, Las Vegas and the Bahamas. In 1992, the airline was renamed and was called Spirit Airlines for the first time. At present, the flights in this airline cover destinations like Bahamas, Caribbean, Michigan, Las Vegas, Latin America and many more places throughout America. Being from the category of low-cost airlines, the facilities offered here are not extravagant but decent indeed. At low fares, a number of facilities are made available for the passengers here.


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Adult Swim's New Infomercial Turns A Drug Ad Into A Goddamn Nightmare
Your move, Too Many Cooks. Unedited Footage of a Bear will make you twitch in fear every time you see a box of allergy medication.
Your move, Too Many Cooks. Unedited Footage of a Bear will make you twitch in fear every time you see a box of allergy medication.
When it's three o'clock in the morning and everything is going wrong in your life, there's a certain kind of ad you might see on basic cable. Lawyers–usually guys–promise to battle the heartless, tight-wad insurance companies on your behalf. There's disaster footage and stiff readings off of cue cards. The ads look…
Pick your time carefully when choosing to watch this hideous/hilarious infomercial, showing a young woman working her facial muscles. And if you're planning on actually buying one and giving your face a work-out in the office, pick your time even more carefully.
The recession has evidently hit Latveria hard, forcing its monarch, Victor von Doom, to sell off his inventions. In this infomercial, Doom touts the features of the Doom-O-Matic, the perfect culinary device for smashing pasta, watermelons, and the Fantastic Four.
The app itself is very neat. You can play back synth guitar versions of popular songs by just tapping on chord buttons on your iPhone. What makes this video is the composition and the editing. It is AMAZING. Seriously, just watch it.


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DIBB Lupton Broomhead employment barrister Anthony Korn has quit the firm to go back to the Bar.
Korn, who leaves at the end of January, joins two-year-old Holborn set Barnards Inn Chambers. He will retain his role as course director of Dibbs' employment law training arm but will work independently.
"I feel that having worked for two firms of solicitors, Paisner & Co and Dibb Lupton Broomhead, I have had an experience which many other barristers don't have," said Korn.
"Now I have an opportunity to go back to the Bar and specialise in employment law."
Paul Nicholls, who last week stood down as Dibbs' head of human resources to concentrate on his role as Manchester managing partner, said Korn had made it clear from the outset that he intended to return to the Bar.
"Anthony has never converted to the solicitors' side of the profession," said Nicholls.
"He joined us because he knew we could give him a breadth of experience and quality of client base and that working with us would enable him to devote most of his time to advocacy work."
Korn said that while he had been "tempted" to stay with Dibbs, "the relationship of a barrister working for a solicitor's firm under the present rules is that you will only have status within that firm and the ability to progress if you convert".
He said he chose his new chambers because it would allow him to maintain a senior role in employment law.
"Barnards Inn seemed a progressive place. I'm coming in as head of their employment law unit which I wouldn't have been able to do in any of the traditional chambers."
Barnards Inn's head of chambers Timothy Bowles said Korn had a "high profile and outstanding reputation" in the field of employment.
"When these chambers were established less than two years ago the idea was to grow slowly and to attract people of outstanding ability. Anthony is clearly one of those people."


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#need a nap
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Please note, the default image of the onesie will appear in your cart. This image isn't an indication of the clothing style you have selected.


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Matlock travelled to Clifton village on Saturday hoping to break their recent run of poor form. With both sides struggling, a win could secure Matlock's league position and ensure a comfortable end to the season.
With the wicket covered until the start of the game the surface looked like it would favour bowling and so Kevin Leatherday, who again won the toss, put the hosts in to bat.
This looked to be a good decision as Chris Pemberton (2-53) and Ed Lander (1-40) hit good areas and built up pressure at the top of the Clifton batting order.
Openers Edward James (18) and Will Wilson (6) fell cheaply before Matt Wilson (45) and top scorer Faisal Khan (89*) stemmed the tide. Alex Woolliscroft (48) also contributed a valuable innings at the end.
Clifton posted 233-6 from their 50 overs and got off to the best possible start with openers Ashley Draynor (0) and Leatherday (2) leaving Matlock 14-2.
Rob Lowe (19), Harvey Hosein (40) and a constructive 75 not out from Edward Lowe helped the reply to 162-5 as Matlock collected seven points in a losing draw.
Matlock miss out next week as other teams catch up on their game in hand.


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How To Get Noticed By Women
Whatever you do – do not stand next to the dance floor at the club trying to look cool. This WILL get you noticed – but not in a good way. Men have been trying to get women to notice … Read More
Whatever you do – do not stand next to the dance floor at the club trying to look cool. This WILL get you noticed – but not in a good way. Men have been trying to get women to notice … Read More
I've just wasted 45 minutes staring at the computer screen trying to figure out what to write about. Should I write about fashion tips? Should I write about dating advice? Should I write about business advice? I have no … Read More
"The disease of missed opportunity"Watch movie online The Transporter Refueled (2015) I once heard 'social anxiety' referred to as "the disease of missed opportunity" and that's exactly how it feels to me. There have been so many times where I … Read More
5 Rules of the Texting Man Make it Interesting… ● Most of the time the conversation will start off boring ● You will get stuck in boring small talk if you do not do something to get out ● … Read More
"I was living pay check to pay check. I could never get ahead and I felt like I was going nowhere." Mike W All I was doing was trading 50 hours of my life each week at a meaningless … Read More
Guy: Hi, how are you? Girl: I'm good, you? Guy: I'm good. What are you up to tonight? Girl: I'm not sure yet Guy: Do you want to go out? Girl: Where? Guy: We can go anywhere. What do you … Read More
I thought that she hated me, but then I "re-framed" and knew that she would love me. I was out at a bar the other day and I saw this cute girl standing there. She was standing right in … Read More
Andrew Hales is one of my favorite youtube "pranksters." He is known for his awkward exchanges with everyday people that he meets either in the streets or on college campuses. What I like most about Andrew is … Read More
Guys, I'm going to tell you a little secret that I hope doesn't break your heart to much. You WON'T be able to talk dirty over text with every girl. Its just not possible. Why is this? Because, the … Read More
A lot of guys and even many dating "gurus" think that texting should be short and simple. They think that the only reason to text a girl is to get her to meetup. And that it is not possible … Read More


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Hospital bags packed?
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July 3rd, 2013, 05:17 AM
Mommy of 3
Join Date: Aug 2012
Location: NY
Posts: 2,241
Yep I'm done!
For me I have a gym bag and then diaper bag for the baby.
I usually don't bring a separate bag for the baby but this time I'm bringing it with some extra t shirts because both of mine spit up a lot at the start and it was hard to get tshirts off the nurses at times. Plus they were always swimming in the size 1 diapers so I'm bringing newborn size and swapping them with the ones they give me. Plus a nail clippers!! Dd's nails were crazy long when she was born and they wouldn't trim them in the nursery.
The most important things in my bag are camera and lip balm! I'm a lip balm addict at the best of times and the hospital definitely dries your lips out.
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Please take a few moments to orient yourself to the Forum registration process by creating an account here: http://nationaladaptationforum.org/user/dashboard.
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Screen icon Samuel L Jackson has featured in over 100 films, and is perhaps best known for his parts in Captain America, Jurassic Park and The Incredibles. He won a BAFTA and was nominated for an Oscar and a Golden Globe for his role as gangster Jules Winnfield in 1994's Pulp Fiction.
Jackson was taken by New York Times Bestselling book 'Prevent and Reverse Heart Disease', by Dr Caldwell Esselstyn, which presents the results of a 20 year study suggesting that a vegan diet can help prevent and reverse the progression of heart disease. Jackson visited the author and his wife, and credits their conversation with convincing him to adopt a vegan diet.
He told the Examiner:
"I feel great. I have a lot more energy than I used to have. I sleep better. I like the way I look in my clothes better. I don't cramp as much. I exercise better. I think my circulation has gotten better."
He's credited veganism as helping him shed 40lbs in eight months.
So what do the French call a vegan quarter pounder with cheese?


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earthlightson August 22, 2007 Link
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Burn Right through me
Make My day
Reduced to Flames
Ignite my world with nothing to say
Mark Me deeper
Burn The picture
Colors Are bleeding
Image Receding
Tragedy reduced to nothing
Blooming from the ashes
Destructive growing reason
The shadows running, hiding
The beauty's perfect timing.
That grows a way
It grows a way
To make this body perfect over time
To make this body perfect over time
Killer Affliction
Single Edition
Another Decision
Tragic Position
Stinging smoke is clouding my vision.
Out Of time,
Hope Refined.
Can I Survive
Burning Alive?
Without Your love I'd wither and Die.
I know you
You're the anti flame
I feel them all
The depth of your scars
I won't let you fall
Or be left lying charred
A blooming within
With the hour as it passes
I'll raise you again
Like a flower from the ashes.
Lyrics submitted by earthlights
From the Ashes song meanings
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