text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 2, 2003
|Filing date
|Dec 16, 1998
|Priority date
|Dec 16, 1998
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Viktors Berstis
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (20), Referenced by (34), Classifications (14), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Technical Field
This invention relates generally to techniques for automatically sharing data among computers during a presentation or meeting.
2. Description of the Related Art
Business meetings are frequently led by a speaker who shares information in a visual on-line presentation. Typically, the presentation is created on a computer using a software program (e.g., Freelance™ or PowerPoint™) that enables the author to create presentation pages (analogous to overhead "slides") that are displayed at the meeting using a projector. The projector is driven by a computer. The presentation pages may include text and images, and such programs typically enable the author to create special text effects to present the information in a compelling and interesting manner. On occasion, the presenter distributes copies of his or her on-line presentation. More often than not, however, meeting attendees or participants are forced to copy manually what information that they can as the on-line presentation proceeds. Thus, instead of focusing on the speaker and the presentation, the attendees often expend significant effort attempting to record information from the on-line slides. This is frustrating to the attendees and is often counter-productive, as many such meetings are for the purpose of education or information sharing.
Thus, unless the presenter distributes or otherwise makes available a copy of an on-line presentation, participants have no simple way of obtaining a useful copy of such information.
The present invention addresses this problem.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a participant in a meeting with a copy of an on-line presentation, as a meeting is taking place, by automatically transmitting presentation data to the participant's computer.
It is another object of this invention to provide a mechanism by which a computer may broadcast presentation data to other computers being used by participants in a meeting.
Another object of the present invention is to broadcast information over a communication link between a first computer and a set of one or more computers that are operating in the same local vicinity as the first computer.
A more specific object of this invention is to establish and maintain a data communications link between a transmitting computer and a set of one or more receiving computers that are operating in the same area so that presentation data may be recorded by the receiving computers in a background task.
Still another object of this invention is to provide a mechanism that enables a meeting presenter to provide meeting participants with copies of a presentation automatically during the meeting.
A more general object of this invention is to improve workplace productivity and to reduce the time and effort required to obtain and transcribe meeting notes.
Still another general object of this invention is to eliminate the need for a standalone projector or screen display during a meeting at which an on-line presentation is being made.
Yet another object of this invention is to use wireless communication links (e.g., IR, RF, ultrasound, etc.) between a presenting computer and a set of one or more receiving computers. Alternatively, the inventive protocol may be implemented with a wired solution.
These and other objects are provided in a method of automatically exchanging a presentation among a set of computers. In particular, a first presenting computer is positioned relative to at least one receiving computer to facilitate a communication link between the computers. Upon display of a presentation page on the first computer, data representing a given portion of the presentation page is repeatedly broadcast over the communication link. At the receiving computer, the data is received and displayed, and stored for later use.
Preferably, the broadcast medium is an infrared communications channel. The data representing the given portion of the presentation page preferably is broadcast in packets, with each packet having a checksum associated therewith. The receiving computer uses the checksum to verify the integrity of the data packet. If data packet integrity is in question, a message is output to the user indicating that the receiving computer should be repositioned relative to the transmitting computer. For example, the message is output via a pop-up window or an audible signal.
In the preferred embodiment, the presentation page data is stored in a given format, for example, using hypertext markup language (HTML). This format is convenient as it enables the user to view the page data using a conventional Web browser.
Thus, according to the present invention, known presentation software programs are modified or augmented to automatically broadcast to other computers in a meeting room, a test, and possibly a more detailed version of one or more display pages, being discussed during a presentation. Receiving computers that are configured with the corresponding receiving software capture this information and display it on the receiving computer and, preferably, save it to disk. Further, any correction and/or notes applicable to the presentation can be dynamically shared and saved by the participants.
The foregoing has outlined some of the more pertinent objects and features of the present invention. These objects should be construed to be merely illustrative of some of the more prominent features and applications of the invention. Many other beneficial results can be attained by applying the disclosed invention in a different manner or modifying the invention as will be described. Accordingly, other objects and a fuller understanding of the invention may be had by referring to the following Detailed Description of the Preferred Embodiment.
For a more complete understanding of the present invention and the advantages thereof, reference should be made to the following Detailed Description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a meeting room in which the present invention is implemented;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a representation notebook computer used in the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram of the components of the notebook computer that are used to facilitate the automatic presentation exchange;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of the computer program running on the presenting computer;
FIG. 5 is a flowchart of the computer program running on a receiving computer; and
FIG. 6 depicts a block diagram of a representative notebook computer for use as either the presenting or receiving computer.
FIG. 1 illustrates a meeting room. Display projector 12 is normally driven by a computer 14, which according to the invention stores a presentation that is to be shared automatically with a number of other participants in the meeting. Computer 14 has a conventional VGA video signal output that drives projector 12 to display a page on a screen or a blank wall. This operation is conventional. One or more of the participants at the meeting have their own computer 16. According to the invention, the presenter's computer 14 (sometimes referred to herein as a "presenting" or sending computer) interacts with the participant computers 16 (each sometimes referred to herein as a "receiving" computer) over a communications link 15 to automatically transmit the leader's presentation so that a copy of the presentation (or portions thereof) is provided to the participants. In this way, participants are freed from having to take detailed notes of the presentation pages and/or to attempt to obtain copies of the presentation.
In an illustrative embodiment, each computer is a notebook or "laptop" computer such as any model in the IBM ThinkPad™ family of personal computers. Of course, the particular type and model of computer is not a limitation of the present invention. As seen in FIG. 2, each computer is provisioned with suitable input/output devices to facilitate the automatic presentation exchange. In this embodiment, a given computer has at least one set of preferably high speed infrared (IR) ports 18 mounted on the computer housing. The ports are located in convenient locations around the computer's housing to transmit or receive signaling as required. Alternatively, an IR port set may be implemented in a card bus device (e.g., a PCMCIA card). For example, one set of IR ports is located in the front of the housing while a second set is located in the back. Of course, a set of ports may be located on each of the front, back and side portions of the housing. The particular location of the port set is not a limitation of the instant invention. A given port set comprises a light emitting diode for transmitting IR signals, and a photodiode for receiving transmitted IR signals.
In operation, a given receiving computer's IR port set is positioned relative to a presenting computer's IR port set so that infrared signals issued from the presenting computer may be received at the receiving computer. When a given receiving computer is positioned in this manner, a communication link between the computers is available for transmission of broadcast signals representing the presentation data.
As will be seen, the presenting computer has a software program (namely, a set of instructions executable in a processor) that effects the broadcast of the presentation data, and each receiving computer has a software program that receives, controls the display of, and stores the presentation data in a given format. Each program may be a standalone piece of software, or the two programs may comprise parts of a single program that exhibits the functionality. Thus, a given computer provisioned with the program and the IR port set may operate as either a presenting computer or a receiving computer.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a laptop computer configured according to the present invention includes an IR controller chip 20 that drives a light emitting diode (LED) 22 and photodiode 24 comprising the IR port set 18. As noted above, the LED 22 emits IR signals and the photodiode 24 receives IR signals. Thus, when the computer is configured as a presenting or sending computer, information about the presentation is broadcast using the LED 22 of the IR port set. When the computer is configured as a receiving computer, the photodiode 24 is used to receive the information broadcast from the sending computer. In particular, the IR controller chip 20 (in a sending computer) receives information signals from the computer processor and uses these signals to modulate the infrared signal output by the LED. Conversely, at a receiving computer, IR signals (modulated with information) and received by the photodiode are processed by the IR controller chip 20 to obtain the information. A representative IR controller chip is an IBM Model 31T1502, which is used with a transceiver module such as a Model IBM 31T1101.
Thus, according to one embodiment of the invention, the presenting computer 14 broadcasts the presentation (or portions thereof) using the LED of its port set. Computers 16 receive the presentation using the photodiode of their port set. A given computer, therefore, may function as either a sending or receiving computer. As seen in FIG. 1, the presenter's notebook computer is positioned on the table with its IR port set 18 positioned to broadcast the presentation signals in a manner that will facilitate their being received by the receiving computers 16.
The presenting computer 14 executes a presentation program (such as Freelance or PowerPoint) 21 that is enabled or augmented to provide the functionality of the present invention. Alternatively, the functionality is provided by a standalone program. In either case, the operation is described in the flowchart of FIG. 4. The routine runs as a background task to the presentation program. The logic begins at step 30 when the presenter displays a page from the presentation. As noted above, when the presentation page is displayed, a VGA video signal is output to the projector, which displays the page on the screen or wall. (If all participant computers operate as receiving computers, the projector is not required, of course). At step 32, the inventive routine extracts text from the page, preferably ignoring background colors, decorations, borders, and the like that comprise the remainder of the slide. If the presentation page includes images, these images are processed in step 33. In particular, during this step a image is reduced in resolution or optionally eliminated as determined by a properties setting determined, for example, by the presentation author). Another purpose is to reduce the amount of data transmitted over the link. At step 34, the presentation text and any processed images are converted to a markup language format (e.g., HTML). HTML is a convenient format because receiving computers normally include a Web browser that may be used to display the received presentation data as an HTML page. Referring back to the flowchart, the routine then continues at step 36 with the routine in the presenting computer broadcasting the text and specified pictures via the LED of its IR port set to other computers in the room. At step 38, a test is made to determine whether a new presentation page has been selected for display. If the outcome of the test at step 38 is negative, the routine returns to step 36 to repeat the broadcast of the current page data. If, however, the outcome of the test at step 38 is positive, the routine returns to step 32 and processes the newly-displayed page in the manner already described.
Thus, according to the invention, presentation data from an on-line presentation page is broadcast to each of the receiving computers. A preferred transmission protocol for this broadcast is now described. The transmission preferably starts with a pause period with no transmission. Then, a small amount of data is broadcast identifying that what follows is a presentation broadcast. The following is representative:
String of 0101 data (to enable the automatic gain
control (if any) of the receiving computer's IR
controller chip to stabilize);
Fixed 4 byte string "PRES";
Size of this data packet;
4 bytes representing the total amount of data;
The number of packets into which the data is split;
Title + Author + any other identifying string of
data; and
4 byte checksum for this packet
Thereafter, the packets of data (each preferably 256 bytes maximum) with the content of the data transmission are then broadcast as follows:
Fixed 4 byte String "PRDT";
Size of this data packet;
Packet number - 4 bytes;
Text of presentation (Pictures are delimited with
tags such as <Image=JPG length
=nnn>xxxxximagedataxxxxx</Image>; and
4 byte Checksum for this packet.
Each receiver computer having an IR port with a photodiode may receive the above data from the presenting computer if the IR port set is positioned appropriately.
FIG. 5 illustrates a flowchart of the preferred operation of the software program operating on a receiving computer 16. Preferably, this routine operates as a background process. The routine begins at step 40 to test for IR transmissions. If the outcome of the test at step 40 is negative, the routine cycles and waits for input signaling. When an IR transmission is received and processed by the IR controller chip, the resulting signal is validated at step 42. In particular, each data packet is applied to a checksum routine to determine if the data matches the checksum appended to the packet. If the outcome of the test at step 42 indicates that data packets are valid, the routine continues at step 44 to parse the data stream. At step 46, the images (if any) are separated out and placed into separate files with randomly assigned unique names. In this step, the HTML image tag pair (for each image) is replaced with a tag to the newly-created file in the HTML document so that the image data is no longer in-line in the HTML document. At step 48, the resulting HTML is stored in a randomly assigned uniquely named file. At step 50, this file is passed to the receiving computer's Web browser and thus displayed using local browser resources.
Thus, in the illustrative embodiment, image data is optionally removed from the page before it is displayed on the receiving computer. (This processing is not required, of course). This processing ensures that the meeting participants receive at least the text information on their display screens as the presentation is being given. Later, however, when the user reviews the stored presentation, the image data may be added back into the presentation to provide a more complete version of the original presentation. Moreover, by storing each presentation page in its own file, the recipient of such information may annotate the file and then readily save the annotated file.
Returning back to the flowchart, if the outcome of the test at step 42 indicates that data packets are not valid (because, for example, there is an interruption in the received signal, there is a failure to match the checksum, or any other such reason), the routine branches to step 52 to notify the user that link integrity is in question. Thus, for example, receiving computer displays a pop-up window with a message indicating that the computer is having difficulty in receiving the signal. The particular message depends on the type of problem being experienced. Thus, for example, one illustrative message may simply provide a suggestion for pointing the computer's IR ports more directly at the sending computer. The routine may also provide the user with a visual signal, such as a small bar graph, indicating the IR signal strength as the user's positions the computer relative to the sending computer.
As can be seen, each receiving computer that maintains a communication link with the sending computer displays and stores given data representing the presentation. Preferably, the data is stored and displayed using an HTML format so that the receiving computer's Web browser may be used to display the information. Alternatively, the data is stored in a format of the presentation program (e.g., a .ppt file extension for PowerPoint).
Referring now to FIG. 6, there is depicted a block diagram of the principal components of a sending or receiving computer. The IR controller preferably communicates with the computer through the serial adapter 178. As illustrated, the computer includes a central processing unit (CPU) 126 which executes software instructions. While any appropriate microprocessor can be utilized for CPU 126, CPU 126 is preferably one of the PowerPC™ line of microprocessors available from IBM Microelectronics. Alternatively, CPU 126 can be implemented as one of the x86-type microprocessors, which are available from a number of vendors such as Intel. In addition to CPU 126, an optional math coprocessor 127, cache controller 128, and cache memory 130 are coupled to high-speed CPU local bus 125. Math coprocessor 127 is an optional processor, distinct from CPU 126, that performs mathematic computations with greater efficiency than CPU 126. Math coprocessor 127 is optional since the performance advantage provided by a math coprocessor may be achieved by enhancements to CPU 126, such as the implementation of multiple floating-point execution units. Cache memory 130 comprises a small high-speed memory which stores frequently accessed data and instructions. The operation of cache 130 is controlled my cache controller 128, which maintains a directory of the contents of cache 130 and enforces a selected cache coherency protocol.
CPU local bus 125 is coupled to buffer 132 to provide communication between CPU local bus 125 and system bus 134, which extends between buffer 132 and a further buffer 136. System bus 134 is connected to bus control and timing unit 138 and direct memory access (DMA) unit 140, comprising central arbiter 148 and DMA controller 141. DMA controller 141 supports memory accesses that do not involve CPU 126. Direct memory accesses are typically employed to transfer data directly between RAM 158 and an "intelligent" peripheral device, such as disk adapter 182. DMA requests from multiple peripheral devices are arbitrated by central arbiter 148. As described below, central arbiter 148 also regulates access to devices coupled to expansion bus 144 by control signals transmitted via arbitration control bus 142.
CPU 126 accesses data and instructions from and stores data to volatile random access memory (RAM) 158 through memory controller 150, which comprises memory control unit 150, address multiplexer 154, and data buffer 156. RAM 158 includes an error message handler 159 that provides the inventive functionality of the present invention described below. Memory control unit 152 generates read enable and write enable signals to facilitate storage and retrieval of data and includes address translation facilities that map virtual addresses utilized by CPU 126 into physical addresses within RAM 158. RAM 158 comprises a number of individual volatile memory modules which store segments of operating system and application software while power is supplied to the computer. The software segments are partitioned into one or more virtual memory pages which each contain a uniform number of virtual memory addresses. When the execution of software requires more pages of virtual memory that can be stored within RAM 158, pages that are not currently needed are swapped with the required pages, which are stored within nonvolatile storage devices 122-124. Memory controller 150 further includes address multiplexer 154, which selects particular addresses within RAM 158, and data buffer 156, which buffers data read from and stored to RAM 158. Memory controller 150 also provides memory protection that isolates system processes and user processes within the virtual address space allocated to each process.
Still referring to FIG. 5, buffer 136 provides an interface between system bus 134 and expansion bus 144. Connected to expansion bus 144 are a number of I/O slots 146 for receiving adapter cards which may be further connected to an I/O device or memory. Arbitration control bus 142 couples DMA controller 141 and central arbiter 148 to I/O slots 146 and disk adapter 182. By implementing a bus arbitration protocol, central arbiter 148 regulates access to expansion bus 144 by extension cards, controllers, and CPU 126. In addition, central arbiter 148 arbitrates for ownership of expansion bus 144 among the bus masters coupled to expansion bus 144. Bus master support allows multiprocessor configurations of expansion bus 144 to be created by the addition of bus master adapters containing a processor and its support chips.
System bus 134 is coupled to planar I/O bus 168 through buffer 166. Attached to planar I/O bus 168 are a variety of I/O adapters and other peripheral components, including display adapter 170, disk adapter 182, nonvolatile RAM 174, clock 172, serial adapter 178, timers 180, read only memory (ROM) 186, CD-ROM adapter 188, keyboard/mouse controller 184, network adapter 185, modem 187, and parallel adapter 176. Display adapter 170 translates graphics data from CPU 126 into R G, and B video signals utilized to drive display device 114. Depending upon the operating system and application software running, the visual output may include text, graphics, animation, and multimedia video. Disk adapter 182 controls the storage of data to and the retrieval of data from hard disk drive 124 and diskette drive 122. Disk adapter 182 handles tasks such as positioning the read/write heads within drives 122 and 123 and mediating between drives 122 and 123 and CPU 126. Nonvolatile RAM 114 stores system configuration data that describes the present configuration of the computer.
Clock 172 is utilized by application programs executed by CPU 126 for time of day calculations. Serial adapter 178 provides a synchronous or a synchronous serial interface which enables the computer to communicate with a remote data processing system or peripheral device. It also connects to the IR controller as previously described. Serial communication is governed by a serial communication protocol such as RS-232, RS-422, or the like. Timers 180 comprise multiple interval timers which may be utilized by application or operating system software to time one or more selected events within the computer.
ROM 186 typically stores a basic input/output system (BIOS) which provides user-transparent I/O when CPU 126 is operating under the DOS operating system. BIOS also includes power on self-test (POST) diagnostic routines which perform system set up at power on. CD-ROM adapter 188 interfaces CD-ROM drive 124 with planar I/O bus 134 to support retrieval of data from an optical disk loaded within CD-ROM drive 124. Keyboard/mouse controller 184 interfaces keyboard 116 and a graphical pointing device such as a trackpad or mouse 118.
Finally, the computer includes network adapter 185, modem 187, and parallel adapter 176, which facilitate communication between the computer and peripheral devices or other data processing systems. Network adapter 185 is utilized to connect the computer to an unillustrated local area network (LAN) or other computer network such as the Internet, an intranet or the like. Modem 187 supports communication between the computer and another data processing system over a standard telephone line. Parallel port 176 transmits printer control signals and output data to a printer through a parallel port. At start up, a "bootstrap" or primary operating system loader is run to load segments of an operating system (OS) (not shown) into RAM 158 and launch execution of the operating system.
The present invention is quite advantageous. As is readily apparent, the invention method and mechanism provides a simple and efficient technique for providing each participating user a copy of the on-line presentation so the users do not have to spend time copying down the presentation. The presentation data (or at least some portion thereof) is preferably displayed in realtime (using a Web browser, for example) as the presentation proceeds. Information representing a presentation page is stored in a file that may be annotated by the user of the receiving computer. Moreover, one of ordinary skill will appreciate that if all participants in the meeting have computers configured as receiving computers, there is no need for an expensive projector and a wall or screen on which to display the on-line presentation.
While use of an IR broadcast protocol is preferred, one of ordinary skill will appreciate that other communications techniques may be used. Thus, for example, if the computers do not support a broadcast protocol, then a slower data rate protocol can be constructed on top of a higher bi-directional protocol based on any kind of differentiation possible that would let the data rate protocol convey one and zero bits. For example, a communication may be initiated in one of two ways that causes one of two error responses at the receiver. This may be needed if all of the receiving computers try to simultaneously carry on a two way conversation with the sending computer's IR system.
Another communication protocol alternative is to have each receiving computer assigned a time slice window for communication. An initial communication attempt (with possible failure) is then used to synchronize all of the receiving computer clocks. Thereafter, each receiving computer is assigned a one second (or other amount) time window for communicating with the sending computer in a round-robin manner. Preferably, this protocol is set up manually by having the presenter type in the number of receiving computers and having each receiver enter (e.g., by typing) in a unique number from 1 to N, where N is the number of receiving computers. Each of the receiving computers disables its IR port during all but its own time window. An automatic assignment is also possible where the receiving computers establish connections via a protocol that uses random numbers to set a time for the initial communication (with the hope of not interfering with a neighbor) until each has successfully been assigned a unique number by the presenting computer.
Of course, if desired, each of the receiving computers may be hardwired to the presenting computer, for example, over a Token Ring or Ethernet connection to facilitate the transmission of the presentation data. Thus, the computers may be connected over a local area network, a wide area network, over an intranet or even the Internet. The Internet or intranet connection is quite useful because, as noted above, the inventive routine preferably transmit and store the presentation pages as HTML (or any other convenient markup language such as SGML, XML, or the like). When physical connections are used in this manner, one or more of the computers may not be located in the same physical location. The inventive sharing of on-line presentation data thus may be implemented over a wireless or wired communication channel or link according to the present invention. The channel may support half duplex or full duplex communications. Further, a first receiving computer may connect to the presenting computer over one type of link (e.g., IR) while a second computer connects to the presenting computer over another type of link (e.g., a wired connection).
As previously discussed, the above-described functionality preferably is implemented in software executable in a processor, namely, as a set of instructions (program code) in a code module resident in the random access memory of the computer. Until required by the computer, the set of instructions may be stored in another computer memory, for example, in a hard disk drive, or in a removable memory such as an optical disk (for eventual use in a CD ROM) or floppy disk (for eventual use in a floppy disk drive), or downloaded via the Internet or other computer network.
In addition, although the various methods described are conveniently implemented in a general purpose computer selectively activated or reconfigured by software, one of ordinary skill in the art would also recognize that such methods may be carried out in hardware, in firmware, or in more specialized apparatus constructed to perform the required method steps.
Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by letters patent is set forth in the following claims:
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|Dec 16, 1998
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BERSTIS, VIKTORS;REEL/FRAME:009668/0508
Effective date: 19981211
|Mar 21, 2007
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Sep 2, 2007
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Oct 23, 2007
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20070902


text:
|Número de publicación
|Tipo de publicación
|Número de solicitud
|Fecha de publicación
|29 Sep 1998
|Fecha de presentación
|1 Oct 1997
|Fecha de prioridad
|1 Oct 1997
|También publicado como
|Número de publicación
|Victor L. Chun, Stephen E. Keeley, James H. Kundinger
|Cesionario original
|Kvaerner U.S. Inc.
|Exportar cita
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Citas de patentes (6), Citada por (30), Clasificaciones (12), Eventos legales (11)
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet
This invention concerns thermoforming apparatus and more particularly apparatus for forming two preheated sheets of plastic into separate part halves in separate upper and lower molds, the part halves subsequently having their edges sealed together by pressing the upper and lower molds together to form a single unitary part.
Such twin sheet thermoforming apparatus and methods have heretofore been developed to produce such parts as automotive fuel tanks, etc.
The upper and lower molds are installed in respective upper and lower platens which are driven apart to separate the molds sufficiently to allow unloading the completed parts.
U.S. Pat. No. 3,925,140, issued on Dec. 9, 1975 describes such apparatus.
The means for forcing one mold against the other to fuse the part seam has involved the use of a series of inflatable tubes or bags disposed beneath the lower mold.
After the upper and lower platens are locked together using locking shafts engaged by selectively engaged couplings, the inflatable tubes or bags are inflated, lifting the lower mold to be pressed against the upper mold causing the part half perimeters to be fused together.
This arrangement is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,925,140, issued on Dec. 9, 1975.
The use of inflatable bags or tubes is effective to apply a fusing pressure but results in an imperfect uniformity of the seam and the final size of the part, since the extent of squeezing may not be completely uniform as there is no positive control over the movement of the mold.
It has been proposed to utilize hydraulic cylinders to squeeze the molds together to improve the uniformity of the seam. However, even with the hydraulic cylinders, the travel of each cylinder must be precisely uniform in order to achieve the end result of uniform squeezing of the seam perimeter. Precision assembly of the components is required in order to accomplish this result. Even so, the temperature of the plastic material may vary slightly such that slightly different travel may occur from different squeezing resistance, the end result also being a nonuniform seam.
As noted, such twin sheet thermoforming apparatus have sets of platen locking shafts carried by the upper and lower platens, which shafts are coupled together when the mold parts are squeezed together. These shafts have each been threaded to a nut component which controls the relative position of the mold parts when the platens are locked together at the initiation of the squeeze cycle, thus predetermining the final seam thickness and part size after the maximum travel of the cylinders has been reached.
To adjust the apparatus such that a different part can be accommodated, it is necessary to adjust the position of each locking shaft. A considerable variation in the depth of the molds can occur for various parts formed by such apparatus. This is a tedious and time consuming task since the adjustments must be uniformly carried out for all of the four shafts usually employed in each set.
Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a twin sheet thermoformer of the type described in which uniform squeezing of the mold parts is achieved in a simple, relatively low cost manner.
It is another object of the present invention to provide such apparatus in which uniform adjustments of the locking shafts may be made quickly and accurately.
These and other objects of the present invention, which will be understood upon a reading of the following specification and claims, are achieved by arranging hydraulic cylinders to carry out a pulling action on the platen locking shafts, arranged to create a positively limited relative travel of the molds in being pulled towards each other.
The fluid flow to each cylinder is controlled by routing the hydraulic fluid through a flow divider such that uniform travel of each cylinder piston is insured during the squeezing process, resulting in a uniform depth seam being formed.
The locking shafts on the upper platen are threaded and each are received in a rotatable nut component having a chain sprocket fixedly attached. A driven recirculating chain engages each sprocket nut such that simultaneous rotation of all of the sprocket nuts occurs to precisely execute a uniform simultaneous adjustment of all of the locking shafts on the upper platen. This enables a rapid yet precise adjustment of the relative position of the platens when they are locked together for a given part application.
FIG. 1 is a side elevational view of the thermoformer mold-platen apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is an end elevational view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 is a plan view of the apparatus shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the four hydraulic cylinders and the flow divider associated therewith according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a side elevational view of the upper platen with the connecting shafts and chain-sprocket-nut adjustment mechanism.
FIG. 6 is an enlarged partially sectional view of a sprocket-nut shown in FIG. 5.
In the following detailed description, certain specific terminology will be employed for the sake of clarity and a particular embodiment described in accordance with the requirements of 35 USC 112, but it is to be understood that the same is not intended to be limiting and should not be so construed inasmuch as the invention is capable of taking many forms and variations within the scope of the appended claims.
Referring to FIG. 1, the thermoformer apparatus 10 according to the present invention is shown without certain conventional portions thereof, such as the heating oven, part handling mechanisms, etc. in the interests of clarity, as they do not form a part of the present invention and are well known to those skilled in the art.
The apparatus 10 includes an upper platen 12 and a lower platen 14 each drivably movable up and down within a machine frame, portions 16 shown in FIG. 1.
The upper and lower platens 12, 14 are each supported on respective sets of four gear rack support posts 18A, 18B, the platens 12, 14 adapted to be driven up and down on the posts 18A, 18B, respectively, to thereby be positioned closer or further apart. A drive system for this purpose comprises platen positioning means which includes respective electric drive motors 20A, 20B each driving sets of cross shafts 22A, 22B and 24A, 24B via drive belts 26 and pulleys 28.
The cross shafts 22A, 22B, 24A, 24B each have a pinion gear 30 at each end engaging a respective one of the gear racks machined into the vertical support posts 18A, 18B.
A conventional servo control system is used to control the motors 20A, 20B to drive the upper and lower platens 12, 14 to a predetermined location.
A disc brake 32A, 32B is used to hold the platens 12, 14 in a selected vertical position on the posts 18A, 18B.
The sides of the upper platen 12 carry a first set of vertically extending locking shafts, comprised of pairs of threaded locking shafts 34A, 34B on sets of plates 36 welded to each side of the upper platen 12, reinforcing gussets 38 and shaft guide plates 40 also provided welded to the side of the upper platen 12 (FIG. 6).
Each of the threaded locking shafts 34A, 34B are threadably engaged by being received in nut members 42 disposed over a respective plate 36 and resting on a rotary bearing 44 (FIG. 6).
Hold-down rollers 46 engage a flange 48 so as to prevent the nut members 42 from advancing upwardly on threaded shaft 34A or 34B when rotated.
The four nut members 42 are able to all be simultaneously rotated by means of a recirculating chain 50 engaging a sprocket 52 fixed to each nut member 42. Suitable idler guide sprockets are provided as shown.
The chain 50 is driven by an electric motor 54 and right angle drive 56 rotating a drive sprocket 58 engaging the chain 50.
A bar 60 is fixed across the tops of each pair of threaded locking shafts 34A, 34B to prevent their rotation. Thus, the shafts 34A, 34B are simultaneously rotated when the chain 50 is driven.
This allows adjustment of the relative vertical position of the shafts 34A, 34B on the upper platen 12.
The bottom of each locking shaft 34A, 34B carries a fluid pressure operated coupling mechanism 62 of a well known commercially available type, such as from Locking Cylinder Technologies, Inc. of Racine, Wis. The coupling mechanisms 62 are each aligned with a respective one of a second set of vertical locking shafts, comprised of pairs of hydraulic cylinder shafts 64 projecting upwardly from each side of the lower platen 14. The shafts 64 each have a locking bolt 66 secured to its end adapted to be selectively locked in the aligned coupling mechanism 62 when mechanisms 62 are activated.
The cylinder shafts 64 project upwardly from an associated short stroke hydraulic cylinder 68 secured to a plate 70 welded to a pair of gussets 72, in turn welded to a side of the lower platen 14.
The cylinder shafts 64 are each guided by passing through a bushing in an upwardly spaced plate 74 as shown.
The hydraulic cylinders 68 are of a short stroke high force type, with large forces generated to produce the squeezing of the part rim (not shown). The cylinders 68 preferably are stroked against a fixed stop, as by bottoming of the piston 69 (FIG. 4) against the cylinder endwalls to be positively located when the upper platen 12 and lower platen 14 are fully drawn together. This insures an accurately sized part.
A position encoder 76 generates a control signal corresponding to the travel of the shafts 64.
In order to insure precise uniformity of travel of the cylinder shafts 64, hydraulic fluid under pressure is routed through a flow divider 78 (FIG. 4). The flow divider 78 is a commercially available device (Delta HPR 23-59) resembling a multiple rotor, positive displacement gear motor. Hydraulic fluid to one of the cylinders 68 is routed through one of the rotors R1 causing it to be rotated. The remaining rotors R2 -R4 are connected to be rotated in unison therewith. The hydraulic fluid is gated via these other rotors R2 -R4 to the other three cylinders 64. This establishes uniform flow to and thus displacement of each cylinder 68.
In operation, the upper and lower platens are driven to be located properly by motors 20A, 20B to allow heated sheets to be introduced between the molds MU, ML. A conventional thermoforming process is carried out in each mold MU ML to form each part half with a flange extending over the outer perimeter of the respective mold faces, in the well known manner.
The molds MU, ML are brought nearly together, the shafts 64 thereby advanced to be inserted into the coupling mechanisms 62, which are activated to lock the upper platen 12 to the lower platen 14.
Thereafter, the cylinders 68 are pressurized so as to cause the cylinder shafts 64 to be pulled down to draw the molds MU, ML together, squeezing the part rims together, forming a part seam of a uniform thickness when the cylinders are fully stroked, this stroking proceeding uniformly due to the action of the flow divider 78.
During this time, the upper platen 12 is held by the brakes 32A while the brakes 32 associated with the lower platen 14 are released.
However, the motor 20B is driven by application of the signal from the rotary encoder 76 to the motor servo control 80 so as to cause the lower platen 14 to be driven by the motor 20B to cause the lower platen 14 to "follow" the upward movement of the lower platen 14 caused by the action of the hydraulic cylinders 64.
Thus, the weight of the lower platen 14 is supported by the motor 20B to avoid being added to the weight supported by the brakes holding the upper platen 12.
The platens 12, 14 are thereafter released through deactivation of the coupling mechanisms 62 and release of the brakes 32A to be able to be driven apart and allow the completed part (not shown) to be removed.
In the event a different part is to be made, adjustments due to the mold size differences are easily made by driving the chain 50 to relatively reposition the shafts 34A, 34B and the upper platen 12 as necessary.
A manual operation of the chain drive is possible, as is an automatic programmed powered drive of the chain 50 and nut members 42.
Accordingly, an improved apparatus is provided allowing more accurately sized parts to be produced and allowing rapid and accurate changeover of tooling for parts of different configurations.
|Patente citada
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|16 Mar 1973
|9 Dic 1975
|Koehring Co
|Fabricating apparatus for twin-sheets
|11 May 1977
|6 Jun 1978
|David Wendell
|Automatic shirt collar stay applying machine
|26 Mar 1987
|16 Ago 1988
|Tachi-S Co., Ltd.
|Apparatus for manufacturing a seat
|28 Dic 1993
|27 Jun 1995
|Shuert; Lyle H.
|Method of forming deep draw twin sheet plastic articles
|10 Feb 1994
|15 Abr 1997
|Penda Corporation
|Thermoforming machine with controlled cooling station
|6 Jun 1995
|19 Ago 1997
|Shuert; Lyle H.
|Method and apparatus for forming twin sheet hollow plastic articles
|Patente citante
|Fecha de presentación
|Fecha de publicación
|20 Abr 1998
|26 Oct 1999
|Copp; John B.
|Lamination stabilizer block
|3 Ago 1999
|13 Mar 2001
|Brown Machine, Llc.
|Thermoforming apparatus with improved press
|20 Ago 1999
|25 Sep 2001
|Scott A. W. Muirhead
|Triple sheet thermoforming apparatus, methods and articles
|1 Mar 1999
|16 Abr 2002
|Kiefel Technologies Inc.
|System and method for twin sheet forming
|31 Ene 2002
|9 Dic 2003
|Lars O. Ekendahl
|System for twin sheet forming
|26 Abr 2002
|9 Dic 2003
|Nextreme, L.L.C.
|High performance fuel tank
|20 Oct 2000
|16 Mar 2004
|Durakon Industries, Inc.
|Six station rotary thermoforming machine
|5 Jul 2001
|15 Jun 2004
|Scott A. W. Muirhead
|Triple sheet thermoforming apparatus
|28 Sep 2001
|15 Nov 2005
|Fanuc Ltd.
|Pressing device
|14 Ago 2002
|29 Nov 2005
|Brown Machine, Llc
|Forming station and process for twin sheet thermoforming
|13 Mar 2003
|16 May 2006
|Soroc Products, Inc.
|Twinsheet thermoforming system and method
|7 Jul 2006
|14 Oct 2008
|Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
|Thermoforming machine
|10 Dic 2007
|18 May 2010
|Profile-Tech International Co., Ltd.
|Film profile forming device
|8 Feb 2007
|13 Jul 2010
|Nextreme Llc
|Material handling apparatus having a reader/writer
|28 Jun 2006
|28 Sep 2010
|Nextreme, Llc
|Thermoformed platform having a communications device
|8 Feb 2007
|24 May 2011
|Nextreme Llc
|Material handling apparatus with a cellular communications device
|16 Abr 2010
|13 Dic 2011
|James Kundinger
|Form station platen drive for a thermoforming machine and a method of leveling platens
|31 Oct 2007
|13 Dic 2011
|Nextreme, Llc
|RF-enabled pallet
|31 Oct 2007
|19 Nov 2013
|Nextreme, Llc
|Thermoformed platform having a communications device
|25 Sep 2013
|23 Jun 2015
|Andrew Niemczyk
|Drill rig for simultaneously drilling successive adjacent sets of three spaced apart holes
|28 Oct 2014
|5 Ene 2016
|Nextreme, Llc
|14 Nov 2012
|16 May 2017
|Irwin Research And Development, Inc.
|Thermoforming machine having platen locks and method
|28 Sep 2001
|4 Abr 2002
|Fujitsu Limited
|Pressing device
|13 Mar 2003
|16 Sep 2004
|Fitzell James Richard
|Twinsheet thermoforming system and method
|7 Jul 2006
|19 Abr 2007
|Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd.
|Thermoforming machine
|10 May 2007
|6 Dic 2007
|Uhlmann Pac-Systeme Gmbh & Co. Kg
|Thermoshaping machine
|10 Dic 2007
|14 May 2009
|Yin Wen
|Film profile forming device
|16 Abr 2010
|28 Oct 2010
|James Kundinger
|Form station platen drive for a thermoforming machine and a method of leveling platens
|14 Nov 2012
|23 May 2013
|Irwin Research And Development, Inc.
|Thermoforming machine having platen locks and method
|14 Nov 2012
|18 Jul 2013
|Irwin Research And Development, Inc.
|Thermoforming machine having platen locks and method
|Clasificación de EE.UU.
|156/580, 425/394, 156/500
|Clasificación internacional
|Clasificación cooperativa
|Clasificación europea
|9 Mar 1998
Owner name: BROWN MACHINE DIVISION, MICHIGAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CHUN, VICTOR L.;KEELEY, STEPHEN E.;KUNDINGER, JAMES H.;REEL/FRAME:009031/0109;SIGNING DATES FROM 19971114 TO 19971117
|14 Ene 1999
Owner name: BROWN MACHINE LLC, MICHIGAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:KVAERNER U.S. INC.;REEL/FRAME:009711/0415
Effective date: 19981230
|2 Abr 2002
|Surcharge for late payment
|2 Abr 2002
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|14 Mar 2006
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|17 Jun 2008
|Request for reexamination filed
Effective date: 20080429
|16 Mar 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|25 May 2010
|Reexamination certificate first reexamination
Free format text: THE PATENTABILITY OF CLAIM 1 IS CONFIRMED. CLAIM 8 IS DETERMINED TO BE PATENTABLE AS AMENDED. CLAIMS 2-7 AND 9-12 WERE NOT REEXAMINED.
|10 Mar 2016
Owner name: BROWN LLC, MICHIGAN
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BROWN MACHINE, LLC;REEL/FRAME:037948/0269
Effective date: 20160310
|14 Mar 2016
Owner name: EVERBANK COMMERCIAL FINANCE, INC., NEW JERSEY
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BROWN LLC;REEL/FRAME:037969/0354
Effective date: 20160314
|15 Mar 2016
Owner name: FIDUS INVESTMENT CORPORATION, ILLINOIS
Free format text: SECURITY INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:BROWN LLC;REEL/FRAME:037976/0011
Effective date: 20160314

subset: commoncrawl


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- Neal Sorokin, E. N. Afanasova
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Changes in the composition of microbial complexes and their biochemical activity in soil in the vicinity of a strong source of HF emission have been studied. A sharp decrease of the biomass, the number of asporous bacteria and actinomycetes, and a smaller decrease of the number of microscopic fungi has been revealed, along with a decrease in the enzymatic… (More)
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It is shown that the diagnostics of the stage of woodland soils affected by wildfires and forest cuts can be determined by the evaluation indexes of the range of the scale of abundance of typical ecologic-and-trophic groups of microorganisms (ECTGM), microbiological activity coefficients, reserve and abundance fluctuations, and metabolism. The degree of… (More)
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Microbial communities of alluvial soils in the facies on islands in the Selenga estuary and near Stepnoi Dvorets and Istomino Settlements were studied. The distribution of the CFU-dominant microorganisms (Bacillus and Pseudomonas + Arthrobacter) has been revealed in the studied island soils. In addition, actinomycetes Streptomyces were found among the… (More)
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The occurrence of ophiostomatoid fungi, associates of xylophagous insects, was established to be an indicator of the state of coniferous plantations under different anthropogenic influences and adverse ecological conditions at the coenotic level. The sizes of necroses developed on a tree inoculated with blue-stain fungus isolates were recorded to be… (More)
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Derby, KS, 67037
Joined on October, 2010
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ExperienceAs a recent graduate from Wichita State University, I am currently working in Derby Schools (USD 260) as a substitute teacher. Aside from my role as educator, I have acquired additional experience working with children as a tutor and as a former full-time daycare facilitator.
I am respected for my scholastic accomplishments and leadership skills.
With recent employment as an F.E.A. (Future Educators of America) mentor, I discovered a keen aptitude for advising and counseling those less experienced or younger than I.
In addition to work experience, I have also actively conducted observations and analysis of various USD259 classrooms and curriculum, as part of my regular course requirements.
HobbiesPerforming Arts, Visual Arts, Psychology, Sociology, Communications
Preferred Subjects
Reading, Math, Algebra, English, English (Writing), Computer Skills, Study Skills, Kindergarten - 8th Grade
Inquire about this tutor
The tutor will respond if they are available/interested.


text:
Justice Leage : Gods and Monsters "Twisted". Really Quite amazing looking
Description:Justice League: Gods & Monsters on 7.28
Pre-order BD Combo today!
Set in an alternate universe where Batman is actually Kirk Langstrom, the dark knight pursues a new, more unhinged Harley Quinn.
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Mono line that delivers it all.
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Sugar Skull
Budget $30-250 USD
I need a Sugar skull drawn for a logo/tshirt/sticker.
Example attached...you will see simple / original and creative.....
45 freelancers are bidding on average $74 for this job
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text: Say Hi - Hi Howdy Matt here from Glasgow, Scotland.. Got my 1st Android phone at the weekend (HTC Desire) previous to that had the HTC HD2 (too big and no apps) and iPhone (too slow & poor as a phone). SO sold the HD2 (the iPhone will follow) and picked up the Desire. Looking forward to seeing just what 'droid has to offer after being with (we have an App for that). So will be lurking behind every post to see whats being said - may occasionally pop my head up to say - look what I have found or - Help..! Anyway enuff babble Hello from ME


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And the start of Week 3 of Speedbo!
If you are not familiar with our giveaway rules, take a minute to read them here. It keeps us all happy! All winners should send their name, address, and phone number to claim prizes. Send to email@example.com
Monday: Mary Connealy told us to use Speedbo to write a book because you can!
We have FOUR winners and ONE bonus giveaway.The winners: Cynthia Herron--Goals and Accountability Planner by *lizzie starr. Nicki Chapelway--Building Fiction by Jesse Lee Kercheval. Cindy Regnier--Caffeine for the Creative Brain. Sally Shupe--Long Time Gone. And a bonus winner, because she's having back surgery and may need books to pass the hours, a second copy of Long Time Gone goes to....Jackie Smith.
Tuesday: Keely Brooke Keith was here asking "What would you write if no one would ever read it." We have TWO winners today. The winner of The Writer's Book Launch Journal is DebH. The winner of The Land Uncharted is Laura Russell
Wednesday: Julie Lessman shared her insights on the path to publication and beyond in her blog entitled, "Back-Peddling on the Road to Success." The winner of one of Julie's e-books and a signed paper copy of Splickety Love's SPARK Magazine that includes Julie's flash fiction piece of an alternate ending for Gone With the Wind is Bettie.
Thursday: Ruth Logan Herne talked about Aiming High or Shooting Low. The winners of "Back in the Saddle" mass market edition are Tanya Agler and Laura Russell.
Monday: " A Foot in Two Worlds: Writing in Two Different Genres" with guest Dana Mentink. One commenter today will have their cake and eat it too! They'll win both, Dangerous Testimony and Sit, Stay, Love.
Tuesday: Myra Johnson asks the question, "When Did You Know You Wanted to Be a Writer?" If you're approaching a mid-Speedbo slump, it's an ideal time to rediscover the joy of writing as you recall why you chose this pursuit in the first place!
Wednesday: Debby Giusti offers motivation and Speedbo encouragement in her blog, "Dream Big!" Leave a comment to be entered in a drawing for the first giveaway of her upcoming May release, Amish Refuge.
Thursday: Debut Harlequin Heartwarming author, LeAnne Bristow is our guest with her post, "Pressing on When Life Pushes You Back." Stop by to get a dose of Speedbo encouragement and you could win a copy of Her Texas Rebel.
Friday: Today we bring you another inspiring Best of the Archives post. This week from Sandra Leesmith who will present as promised, Show Don't Tell Part 2. Comments are closed on Fridays so we can catch up with our writing and reading.
DEAL ALERT! Book 1 in Julie Lessman's Heart of San Francisco series, Love at Any Cost, is ON SALE for only 79 to 99 cents until March 15, so check out the fun video and buy links below!
AMAZON, BARNES & NOBLE, and CBD (79 cents)
It's true! All you have to do is take advantage of the FREE SUBSCRIPTION to Splickety's magazine, which provides the best flash fiction in the industry, by sending a blank email with the word "Subscribe" in the subject line to firstname.lastname@example.com. HAPPY READING!
Cover Reveal!
Myra Johnson's Flowers of Eden series continues with book 3, A Rose So Fair.
Debby Giusti invites Seekerville friends to join her at Romancing the Smokies March 17 - 18. Knoxville, TN. A getaway weekend filled with authors, readers, books, yummy food and lots of fun!
Thanks for the link love!
Trick Question: How Long Did It Take You to Write Your Book (BookEnds Literary)
Ask BHP: Who Starts Trends? (Bethany House Fiction)
What Not to Do When Submitting to an Agent (The Write Conversation)
|Details here.


text:
Last Wednesday, assistant coaches Ross Hodge and Leonard Perry left the Colorado State Rams men's basketball program, and now the fallout has begun.
On Monday, JUCO guard Devocio Butler reaffirmed his commitment to the Rams via Twitter, saying Larry Eustachy's visit made him want to stay committed to CSU.
My future Head Coach stopped by to see me today… After talking to him I'm just ready to suit up and play for @CSUMensBball ????
— Devocio Butler (@imnotexcited___) April 10, 2016
On Tuesday though, Leon Gilmore III, a JUCO combo guard who plays at Trinity Valley, decided to revoke his commitment to Colorado State per the Coloradoan, who spoke to his JUCO coach. Gilmore and Butler were recruited by Hodge — who was wonderful at landing junior college level players — and with signing day coming on Wednesday, Gilmore is going to weigh his other options.
Per that Coloradoan piece, Stephen F. Austin, Florida International and Mountain West rival UNLV are interested in the 6-foot-7, 220-pound wing man.
Butler, a 6-foot-5 shooting guard, will help replenish the outside shooting lost with the departures of seniors Antwan Scott and Joe DeCiman. But, CSU has three more scholarships to fill, and who those players will be remains up in the air like a jump ball.
Pape Diatta visited last week, and he's a 6-foot-7 combo guard from the College of Southern Idaho, who plays more like a forward, with strength inside.
Hodge has taken the role of associate head coach at Arkansas State while Perry is taking the same role at Pacific. Each school has yet to make the announcement but Colorado State released a statement about the coaches leaving last Wednesday.


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|Shipping Weight
|350.00 g
The Fenix TK16 flashlight offers up to 1000 lumens of output on a single 18650 battery, and up to 150 hours of operation from a single charge. The TK 16's outputs a focussed beam with excellent throw (up to 240 m) making it the preferred choice for search and rescue, EMS, and law enforcement applications.
Four output levels and strobe, plus Fenix' new dual tactical tailswitch means the TK16 provides the correct balance of brightness and run time, along with ease of operation for any task.Features of Fenix TK16:
- Uses Cree XM-L2 U2 LED with a lifespan of 50,000 hours
- Powered by one 18650 rechargeable Li-ion battery or two 3V CR123A Lithium batteries
- Digitally regulated output - maintains constant brightness
- Reverse polarity protection, to protect from improper battery installation
- Anti-roll, slip-resistant body design
- Tactical tail switch for momentary-on function
- Tail mode switch for easy and fast output selection, Instant Strobe mode
- Made of durable aircraft-grade aluminum
- Premium Type III hard-anodized anti-abrasive finish
- Toughened ultra-clear glass lens with anti-reflective coating
- Length: 140 mm
- Diameter: 25.4 mm
- Head Diameter: 34 mm
- Weight: 122 g


text:
Patient Testimonials
St. Petersburg, FL 33702
5 out of5 stars
Reviewer: J. D. –Clearwater,FL
"Dear Dr. Fort and staff: Thank you for your exceptional care with my daughter and her third molar surgery. I very much appreciate your professional care and the staff was outstanding in all respects. Warmest Regards, J. D."
5 out of5 stars
Reviewer: S. J. –St. Petersburg,FL
"Dr Fort, thank you all for the wonderful care you gave me when I had my surgery. You have made a large difference in my outlook on everything. I will never be able to thank you enough!! Thanks again for all you did for me."
5 out of5 stars
Reviewer: M. R. –St. Petersburg,FL
"Dear friend, I'm writing to praise you for your excellent service and teamwork. Everybody in the office was very efficient, helpful and professional. My procedure was quick with very little pain following. I appreciate your practice and your services. Sincerely, M. R."
5 out of5 stars
Reviewer: M. V. –St. Petersburg,FL
"Dear Dr. Fort, Just a short note to thank you for your wonderful work. I was so impressed that every step of the way, you explained to me what you were doing in my mouth. You have a wonderful, kind, gentle manner with your patients, not to mention your magical hands! I have never undergone such painless dental surgery. Thank you again for taking care of me. I'm sending all my family and friends to you! Sincerely, M. V."
5 out of5 stars
Reviewer: N. S. –St. Petersburg,FL
"Dear Dr Fort and staff, both you and your staff were so kind and helpful. I really appreciate the time you took on my procedure. Sincerely, N. S."
5 out of5 stars
Reviewer: T. K. –St. Petersburg,FL
"Dr. Fort and staff, Thank you for your courtesy and professionalism displayed yesterday when I had my tooth extracted. Everyone helped me feel at ease. Getting the paperwork in advance was great. Please know that I am completely satisfied. Sincerely, T. K."


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NEWS: Academics
You are here
Galileo Found Guilty in 2017 Trial
The annual trial of Galileo Galilei modeled after the Roman Inquisition of 1633 occurred in the common area of Gilder dormitory on the morning of February 17, 2016. The boys gathered as they have since the creation of the Form Programs in 1999 to try Galileo for heresy for his heliocentric views in a time where the geocentric universe was not only the norm, but enforced by religion. The students dressed up in costumes they made themselves for the various roles, to bring the play to life including the Pope, Copernicus and of course Galileo himself.
The event was broadcast live by South Kent School's AMG group who worked hard to bring multiple camera angles and timely, suspense building zoom-ins on the most intense moments. If you missed seeing it live it is still available to view after the event HERE. A Facebook album with all the photos is available for viewing HERE.
After over 3 hours of fiery deliberation, and even a surprise witness from they distant future, the year 2017, the judges emerged from the side room they entered for privacy and passed down a guilty verdict for Galileo. They decided that the way he established and spread his view of a heliocentric universe was at odds with the church and a crime worthy of life imprisonment. This is the second year in a row in which the great astronomer has been found guilty of heresy, though last year his punishment was beheading, with him being declared innocent in the preceding three years.


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Today is the launch of Donate Life Week. DonateLife Week is Australia's national awareness week to promote organ and tissue donation.
Obviously we have a vested interest in talking about organ donation. Organ and tissue donation saves lives. One donor can transform the lives of up to 10 people and significantly improve the lives of many more. Anyone who has been reading this blog for awhile will know how organ donation has transformed Ashlea's life.
Please watch Ashlea's video supporting Donate Life week (video link):
Today I am thanking God for:
166. The advances in medicine that have occurred over the last 100 years meaning organ transplantation is now a successful, viable option for people with end stage organ failure;
167. Access to world class health care - without it Ashlea wouldn't be alive. (Australia boasts one of the highest transplantation success rates in the world. Kidney transplant survival rates are about 90% in the first year and over 75% in five years. Patient survival rates for heart and liver transplantation are also 90% in the first year and 85% after five years. Pancreas transplants have the highest survival rate of 94% at one year and 87% at five years);
168. Murray's willingness to donate his kidney to Ashlea. Without it she would have spent the last two years on dialysis instead of spending it growing, thriving and flourishing since her transplant.
1 Chronicles 29:13
Now, our God we give you thanks, and praise your glorious name.


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I went with a friend of mine I did not like the movies
Self centered women who never reach the morality stage and still can't handle having kids.
This movie was an amazing example of the new twisted morality in our society.
Totally inmature women.
This movie was a totally disaster. Moms getting wild in the mall and looking for sex. Yuck.
It was so funny and lighthearted, it was nice to go to a movie and not hear children talking all the time. The cast was amazing, I loved the carryover from the last movie. This sounds bad but it was so funny to hear the kids swear. If you want a film that is a bit raunchy and hilarious I recommend that you go see this great movie.
HILARIOUS. !!!!! If your a mom and have an open mind and a good sense of humor, this is a great, funny movie ! I would go see it again .... Merry Christmas Everyone !!!!!!!
This was not a Xmas movie. :(
I did not find funny the movie. Totally gross film.
I was laughing the entire time
Bad language not funny at all. Just saw Daddy's Home 2 laugh and very funny, and then saw this movie we walked right out. terrible acting no humor at all they were too busy cussing and saying sex stuff. Good movie for perverts.
Paranoid 5 starts user. Same person. I did not like this movie. Some they did not like this movie.
Movie is misleading Xmas.
Lol checking everyone's grammar?
I did not like they way this movie is targeting women as objects.
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Description:Monica Mattos have two cocky guys for this ones to make them cum. She sucks their shlongs in turn and dreams about huge cum load.
Category:+18 only (Adult)
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State, Economy and Social Transformation: Hyderabad State (1724-1948) By Y. Vaikuntham, Manohar, Rs 450
The princely state of Hyderabad has always attracted attention not only for the wealth of its natural resources but also on account of the splendid wealth of its rulers. It was Mir Qamaruddin Khan Chin Qilich Khan, better known as Nizam-ul-Mulk, who car-ved out a portion of the Deccan territory of the Mughals and established a dominion that was lorded over by a succession of powerful Nizams.
The rule of these Asaf Jahis left a permanent imprint on the social and cultural lives of the people of India. Thus the paucity of historical research on these Asaf Jahis is quite inexplicable.
State, Economy and Social Transformation, Hyderabad State tries to establish why, in spite of its rich natural resources, Hyderabad, under the Asaf Jahis, lagged behind. Its author, Y. Vaikuntham, teaches at the Osmania University and has published many works on modern history. His thesis in the present book is much too ambitious and perhaps inevitably, he fails to live up to it. There is nothing much in the book about the administration of the line of kings who ruled for more than two centuries and the social condition of the people during this time.
The book is neither investigative, and interpretative nor it is very interesting. The author seems to come into his own in the parts that deal with the economy, but even here he does not exploit his sources fully. He dismisses the subject with short chapters on land revenue, industrial development, transport, and trade and commerce. Although many a famine afflicted Hyderabad, dedicating a full chapter to famines seems a bit excessive. On the other hand, there is nothing here by way of a glimpse into a lost period of history that one would expect from a book of this kind.
There are many difficulties in writing an economic history of India. The paucity of materials, specially those dealing with Hyderabad, may have acted as an impediment though Persian and Urdu source materials do not seem to have been exploited to the full.
Amazingly however, the author finds nothing worthy of praise in the long reign of the Asaf Jahis. He evaluates the state mainly in terms of its human and natural resources. According to Vaikuntham, the state lagged behind other princely states in British India in economy and statecraft because it was autocratic and feudal.
But how many places in that age were free of feudalism' Thus Vaikunthams thesis seems to be built on flimsy ground. Also, the reasons for the tardy growth in the state must be compared with that of other princely states if it is to stand as a convincing argument. This book may not be a significant work, but it cannot be dismissed outright. It is a storehouse of information and will surely serve as a foundation for more exhaustive works to come.


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Leah Nairn
Performing and perfecting her acoustic arrangements of tried and true tunes, Leah has been performing for more than 10 years. Leah has been described as a soulful singer with a rich, clean voice that has been known to take care of a few dry eyes. Influences include not only well-known artists such as Bonnie Raitt and Shelby Lynn, but also the many friends and musicians that regularly gather around campfires and congregate at open mics. [+]


text:
A BIG Love Story Trailer (2012)
29 April 2012 93 mins
Sam is a former college football star whose chance to play in the NFL abruptly ends with a blown out knee. Seven years later, he finds himself alone, working a minimum wage job and weighing a deadly 413lbs. The time has come for some change! The time has come for some weight loss! Enter Cassie, a personal trainer who not only helps him lose weight but find love. Steering clear of the standard transformation formula seen on many current television shows such as, "Biggest Loser," Sam finds acceptance - and love - in unexpected places.
Watch the official A BIG Love Story 2012 trailer in HD below or find more A BIG Love Story videos on Vidimovie.


text:
Archive for October, 2012
Lawrence O'Donnell on Why He Does Not Report on Espionage Act & NDAA – YouTubePosted by: | Comments
Lawrence O'Donnell on Why He Does Not Report on Espionage Act & NDAA – YouTube: ""
tonymacx86 Blog: CustoMacPosted by: | Comments
tonymacx86 Blog: CustoMac: "It's an amazing time once again to build a computer. Intel's 'Ivy Bridge' CPUs alongside with the latest motherboards are the fastest and most compatible consumer components we've ever tested. There is native support for Thunderbolt, NVIDIA GeForce 6xx 'Kepler' graphics cards, and Ivy Bridge in OS X Mountain Lion 10.8."
tonymacx86 – Building a CustoMac: CustoMac Mini 2012Posted by: | Comments
tonymacx86 – Building a CustoMac: CustoMac Mini 2012: "Building a CustoMac: CustoMac Mini 2012"
Walking in a fecal wonderland – Salon.comPosted by: | Comments
Walking in a fecal wonderland – Salon.com: "Winter brings wonderland dreams of pristine, snow-covered landscapes. At the Arizona Snowbowl resort, you can ski on it. You can sip hot chocolate gazing upon it. You can even get married on it.
But you might not want to make snow cones out of it. Because this year at Snowbowl, that twinkling white powder will be made from human sewage."