text:
Hire freelancer for Java in Vancouver, BC
Easily connect with local Java freelancers in Vancouver, BC. Browse through our database of thousands of talented professionals in Java ready to work today. Once you selected your ideal candidate for Vancouver, BC in Java, contact directly and negotiate your own terms. Hire Java professionals in Vancouver, BC.
Get your job done with a talented Java freelancer in Vancouver, BC
See results
david Vancouver, BC, Canada
Software Engineer/Programmer
UBC - Bachelor of Computer Science A average UBC - Bachelor of Commerce (with Honours) A- average Digital freelancer since 2009
kamyar Vancouver, BC, Canada
I am new Master's graduate of SFU in mechatronics engineering. I have skills and experience in both low-level hardware, high-level software design and...
Liam Vancouver, BC, Canada
Energetic Intern
I have grown up with a strong interest in entrepreneurship and have developed an interest in programming and software development. I have had experien...
Felipe Vancouver, BC, Canada
Java and Full Stack Developer
Helping people to do their jobs in the best way and with greater ease, bringing their ideas to life, bridging the gap between people and technology. ...
Minh Vancouver, BC, Canada
Software Developer
Having working 10 years in software development, I have possessed a strong programming skill in C/C++/C#/Java/Objective C/JavaScript/Python. I built 3...
Peter Vancouver, BC, Canada
Open Source Programmer
•Expertise in programming in Java, Python, PHP, JavaScript/jQuery/Bootstrap, CSS/HTML, MySQL/PostgreSQL/Microsoft Access databases, and familiar wit...
Rezwan Vancouver, BC, Canada
14 years of experience in corporate e-commerce and web development A well versed professional with sophisticated technical and business savvy manag...


text:
- Set alarm for 15 minutes before it's absolutely necessary to wake up.
- Snooze once.
- Groan.
- Hop up and get going.
- Set alarm for 1 hour before it's absolutely necessary to wake up.
- Snooze every 15 minutes for the next hour.
- Bitch.
- Groan.
- Stretch.
- Mumble.
- Roll over.
- Open eyes.
- Blink a few times at the time.
- Sigh.
- Throw the covers off and slooooowly get up.
Sometimes I manage to get him down to 30 minutes because there's not a whole lot of things in this world that are more annoying than the sound of an alarm. When I was a teenager, I could sleep through that many alarms. Definitely not anymore. I usually take the extra time to play games on my ipod or his ipad or check the news/Facebook/Twitter/watch Netflix.
|I have so so many pictures of me waiting for him to wake up.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Nation should follow Colorado's lead | link ›
Colorado is now claiming national leadership in American's transition to a new energy economy. Gov. Bill Ritter has quietly built a strong coalition including Colorado's largest utility, Xcel Energy, to support the proposed Colorado Clean Air-Clean Jobs Act.
The proposal would require Colorado utilities to significantly reduce pollutants by retiring, retrofitting, or repowering Front Range coal-fired power plants by the end of 2017, and replace them with facilities fueled by natural gas and other lower- or non-emitting energy sources. While King Coal and its toadies continue to loudly protest, the proposal is moving to the legislature with bipartisan support focused on health, job creation, and environmental sustainability for Colorado.
Whatever the slick campaigns financed by the powerful coal barons might claim, coal is neither cheap nor clean. Ozone and particulates from coal plants kill tens of thousands of Americans each year and cause widespread illnesses and disease. Acid rain has destroyed millions of acres of valuable forests and sterilized one in five Adirondack lakes. Neurotoxic mercury raining from these plants has contaminated fish in every state and poisons more than 1 million American women and children annually. Coal industry strip mines have already destroyed 500 mountains in Appalachia, buried 2,000 miles of rivers and streams, and will soon have flattened an area the size of Delaware.
Finally, coal, which supplies 46 percent of our electric power, is the most important source of America's greenhouse gases. Colorado's forward-looking proposal would reduce nitrogen oxide emissions at coal plants by more than 80 percent over the next eight years, if not sooner.
Colorado is boldly showing America that our nation's cornucopia of renewables and the recent maturation of solar, geothermal and wind technologies will allow us to meet most of our energy needs with clean, cheap, green power. In the short term, natural gas, abundant in the Rocky Mountain state, is an obvious bridge fuel to the "new" energy economy. Indeed, many large-scale wind, solar and distributed energy projects rely on natural gas to provide stable "base loads."
By following the simple example set by Colorado, Americans could eliminate three-quarters of her coal-burning generators and save a fortune in energy costs. The benefits to other states would be even greater. Around 920 U.S. coal plants — 78 percent of the total — are small (generating less than half a gigawatt), antiquated and horrendously inefficient. Their average age is 45 years, with many over 75. They tend to be located amid dense populations and in poor neighborhoods, to lethal effect.
These ancient plants burn 20 percent more coal per megawatt hour than modern large coal units and are 60 to 75 percent less fuel-efficient than combined cycle gas plants. They account for only 21 percent of America's electric power but almost half the sector's emissions. Properly assessed, the costs of operation, maintenance, capital improvements and repair of these antiquated facilities make them far more expensive to run than natural gas plants.
To quickly gain further economic and environmental advantages, the larger, newer coal plants that remain in operation should be required to co-fire with natural gas. Many of these plants are already connected to gas pipelines and can easily be adapted to burn gas as 15 to 20 percent of their fuel. Such co-firing dramatically reduces forced outages and maintenance costs and can be the most cost effective way to reduce CO2 emissions.
Natural gas comes with its own set of environmental caveats. It is a carbon-based fuel and its extraction from shale, the most significant new source, if not managed carefully, can have serious water, land use and wildlife impacts, especially in the hands of irresponsible producers and lax regulators. But those impacts can be mitigated by careful regulation and are dwarfed by the disaster of coal.
Kudos to Xcel, Gov. Ritter, Colorado's natural gas producers and environmental leaders for pioneering the road to a clean, robust and independent energy economy. All of American should follow its lead.
Robert F. Kennedy Jr. is president of the environmental group Waterkeeper Alliance.
The Denver Post


text:
Raptors vs. Bulls - 3/14/16 NBA Pick, Odds, and Prediction
Chicago Bulls (32-31) at Toronto Raptors (44-20)
NBA Basketball: Monday, March 14, 2016 at 7:30 pm (Air Canada Centre)
The Line: Toronto Raptors -- Over/Under: See the Latest Odds
TV: CSNC, Sportsnet One
The Chicago Bulls and Toronto Raptors meet Monday night at the Air Canada Centre.
The Chicago Bulls could use a win after losing six of their last eight games. The Chicago Bulls are averaging 101.5 points on 43.8 percent shooting and allowing 102.9 points on 43.6 percent shooting. Pau Gasol is averaging 17 points and 11.1 rebounds while Nikola Mirotic is averaging 10.4 points and 1.4 assists. Mike Dunleavy is dishing 1.5 assists and Doug McDermott is grabbing 2.4 rebounds. The Chicago Bulls are shooting 36.8 percent from beyond the arc and 78.2 percent from the free throw line. The Bulls are allowing 33.2 percent shooting from deep and are grabbing 47.5 rebounds per game. The Chicago Bulls have lost eight straight road games. Derrick Rose and Jimmy Butler are questionable.
USA TODAY Sports
The Toronto Raptors look to keep rolling after winning 12 of their last 16 games. The Toronto Raptors are averaging 102.9 points on 45.2 percent shooting and allowing 98.4 points on 44.6 percent shooting. DeMar DeRozan is averaging 23.8 points and 4.4 rebounds while Kyle Lowry is averaging 21.5 points and 6.4 assists. Jonas Valanciunas is grabbing 9.1 rebounds and Cory Joseph is dishing 3.1 assists. The Toronto Raptors are shooting 36.7 percent from beyond the arc and 78.4 percent from the free throw line. The Raptors are allowing 37.6 percent shooting from deep and are grabbing 43 rebounds per game. The Toronto Raptors have won 15 of their last 16 home games.
The Bulls are 5-2 ATS in their last 7 games playing on 2 days rest and 2-6 ATS in their last 8 road games. The Raptors are 1-4 ATS in their last 5 home games vs. a team with a losing road record and 2-6 ATS in their last 8 vs. NBA Central. The Bulls are 5-0 ATS in the last 5 meetings in Toronto and 8-0 ATS in the last 8 meetings overall.
With the Bulls missing all of their key players and the Raptors playing lights out ball at home, this game could get very ugly. Look for Toronto to win by double digits.
Click Here For FREE $50.00 Bet OFFER with a 200% CASH BONUS!!!


text:
Gravina Rooms San Pietro
Select your stay dates to check availability at Gravina Rooms San Pietro
Gravina Rooms San Pietro
About the Hotel
Property Location
With a stay at Gravina Rooms San Pietro in Rome (Vatican), you'll be minutes from Apostolic Palace and St. Peter's Basilica. This guesthouse is close to Roman Forum and Colosseum.
Make yourself at home in one of the 10 individually decorated guestrooms, featuring minibars and LCD televisions. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and satellite programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms with showers feature complimentary toiletries and bidets. Conveniences include phones, as well as safes and desks.
Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities
Make use of convenient amenities such as complimentary wireless Internet access, concierge services, and tour/ticket assistance.
For your convenience, a complimentary breakfast is served daily.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include express check-in, express check-out, and multilingual staff.
Hotel Facilities
- Elevator/lift
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Luggage storage
- Free breakfast
- Smoke-free property
- Multilingual staff
- Free WiFi
- Express check-in
- Total number of rooms - 10
- Concierge services
- Express check-out
Room Facilities
- Desk
- Private bathroom
- Shower only
- Satellite TV service
- Bidet
- Free WiFi
- Minibar
- Free toiletries
- Hair dryer
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Coffee/tea maker
- Cribs/infant beds (surcharge)
- In-room safe
- Phone
- Air conditioning
- Daily housekeeping
- Individually decorated
Hotel Policy
Know Before You Go
- Cash transactions at this property cannot exceed EUR 999.99, due to national regulations. For further details, please contact the property using information in the booking confirmation.
- One child 2 years old or younger stays free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.
- No pets and no service animals are allowed at this property.
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Late check-in fee: EUR 20.00 for check-in after 8 PM
- Rollaway bed fee: EUR 25 per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
Mandatory Fees and Taxes
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at the hotel:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 3 per person, per night, up to 10 nights. This tax does not apply to children under 10 years of age.
We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.Show all hotel policy Show less hotel policy


text:
2. Chicken Mascarpone
Chicken breast stuffed with a creamy mascarpone cheese filling. Cooked in the oven or barbecued and served with a white wine sauce.
3. Chicken Tagine and Couscous
Dig in this healthy couscous with the goodness of pomegranate and mint. Served with an easy to make chicken tagine cooked with preserved lemons, saffron and olives.
There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)


text:
Celebrate the bicentennial of Abraham Lincoln's birth with this new edition of his greatest speeches and writings
Abraham Lincoln endowed the American language with a vigor and moral energy that has all but disappeared from today's public rhetoric. Lincoln's writings are testaments of our history, windows into his enigmatic personality, and resonant examples of the writer's art. The Portable Abraham Lincoln contains the great public speeches-the first debate with Stephen Douglas, the "House Divided"speech, the Gettysburg Address, the Second Inaugural Address-along with less familiar letters and memoranda that chart Lincoln's political career, his evolving stand against slavery, and his day-to-day conduct of the Civil War. This edition includes a revised introduction, updated notes on the text, a chronology of Lincoln's life, and four new selections of his writing.
This abbreviated edition of Lincoln speeches, letters, and notes brings the man ready to hand. Drawn from the fuller Library of America collection (1989), this collection shows Lincoln at work in law, politics, and war. All the great Lincoln works are here, with the added bonus of several personal memos that show Lincoln's humor. Reviled in life but revered in death, Lincoln has become the singlemost important American public writer: his words recalling those ``mystic chords of memory'' that bind Americans to the Declaration of Independence as the seedbed for all definitions of freedom ring true today in a post-Cold War World. Larger libraries will prefer the fuller Lincoln editions for their shelves, and general readers will find much the same fare in the recent collection, Lincoln on Democracy ( LJ 10/15/91), compiled by Mario Cuomo, but Delbanco's intelligent selection will also help us ``get right with Lincoln'' and appreciate how the prairie lawyer became the poet of American democracy.-- Randall M. Miller, St. Joseph's Univ., Philadelphia


text:
Shop update…
Big Cartel update: Two new items added. Check out my store to see the finished results on the hand-dyed artisan muslin shawls from India, and a fun craft project – developed with the artist Meredith Gaston and KPC Yarn. The colours of the shawls have great depth and are so lovely and soft. My favourite is a great nude colour called Lemon Cream that works on any skin tone.
And there is something so therapeutic about making your own pom-pom decorations. The new pom-pom making kit includes five different ways for you to have fun pom-pom festivenesss. The kit includes party cake and decor style-up ideas and hair ties, and of course Gaston's fabulous illustrations.
If you have any questions, or special requests just let me know. Happy shopping!


text:
You may want to search:
250cc dirt bike for adult/chinese chopper motorcycle/enduro dirt bikemotorcycle(WJ250GY)
US $1750-1800 / Piece
78 Pieces (Min. Order)
Go to Page
Prev 1 Next
Buying Request Hub
Haven't found the right supplier yet ? Let matching verified suppliers find you. Get Quotation NowFREE
Do you want to show enduro dirt bikemotorcycle or other products of your own company? Display your Products FREE now!


text:
Final post for tonight. Was listening to Jeremy Vine earlier today, on Radio 2, and there was a piece about how Southampton City Council has finally been forced to reveal it has a £180m art collection, including Turners and Picassos, much of which is languishing in its basement.
A bit of a triumph for the local newspaper editor who was on the show today and said that when the paper first started asking questions the Council officers were 'very defensive' and more of less implied it was none of their business. What's particularly bizarre about this story isn't just that the Council has an archive of valuable artworks from the days in which perhaps a local authority might dabble in such things, but that it recently spent £250,000 on a Bridget Riley painting. Now I'm something of a fan of Bridget Riley's op-art, but I don't think I'd be happy for Bristol City Council to be 'investing' in such pieces.
Public reaction has covered all bases, from people indignant that money which could be spent on public services being tied up in this way, to others who accuse the newspaper editor of being a complete Philistine. So - if you discovered Bristol City Council had 3,700 pieces of artwork worth a cool £180million tucked away somewhere in the depths of the Council House, what do you think they should do? Sell it? Show it? Share it?


text:
The Full Metal Cloud is introducing a new version of the Control Center, which allows you, whether you come from a business or a technical background, to create, configure and deploy any infrastructure design in less than 20 minutes. You can watch a short demonstration bellow.
Perhaps more than any other modern technology, the cloud is most misunderstood. What is it? Where is it? What is it for? The cloud is just a term to describe a remote (usually virtualized) place to store and process data and run applications. You can, of course, find many various descriptions of the cloud, but if you boil them all down to the essence, that's what it is. A cloud service provider offers these storage and processing capabilities via a service contract. Here are the most common business uses for the cloud. Continue Reading
Search engine optimization is all about making sure that you get the best possible results from your online presence, and one of the most interesting methods you can use in order to achieve that is big data.
While big data might seem a little complicated, at least in the beginning, the reality is that once you accumulate and manage to process big data efficiently, your business as well as your promotional endeavors, including SEO, will benefit from it. Continue Reading
Looking for a great new career path? Big data might be your ticket to success. The supply of big data scientists and related professions is low, while demand is soaring. This means that companies from promising upstarts to Fortune 500 companies are paying top dollar for big data skills and expertise. Here are the opportunities that big data holds for the aspiring professional, along with were and how you can work, and the skills you need to land this dream job. Continue Reading
Speaking with Antony Falco, founder and former COO of Basho, turned out to be a good lesson on databases in the cloud.
If you're a programmer or developer who wants to spend more time flexing your creative muscles and less time getting mired in database maintenance, then it's time to look to cloud-based services, says Antony Falco, now CEO and co-founder of Orchestrate.
These services allow programmers to be more creative and solve more problems by eliminating unnecessary tasks from their workloads. In the building stage, programmers should be focused on what makes their application unique and getting it out in front of users early. Continue Reading


text: Home About Stardust Our Services Social Media Website & Blog Content Strategy Development Digital Marketing Brand Strategy PR & Influencer Outreach Our Clients The French Bedroom Company Oakmasters Ant Fox Gallery RuhanVV Photography Studio Port Wood Studios Lovefrankie.com Pro Fit Rehab The Team Stardust Blog Say Hello WE ARE STARDUST PEOPLE TALK...WE LISTEN, ENGAGE & DELIVER WE CREATE SOCIAL STARDUST FOR YOUR BUSINESS IT'S POWERFUL Build the Website you want. Easily! Miami offers all the tools you need to make your layout wishes come true. IT'S SMART Miami works in a modular way. You can combine any module with different headers and layouts! How to Build Pages Company News 22 Apr Case study of an engaging Facebook post. Good quality, clear pictures are always popular with Facebook users. in Company News, Facebook engagement tips., Hints & Tips, Social Media Optimization Read More 30 Mar Four Ways to Optimize you Social Media Profile for Success Social Media is all about engagement and you need to in Company News, Hints & Tips, Social Media Optimization Read More


text:
Never mind halloween! Black-eyed ghost invasion will take place on the 27th October
A TOP paranormal expert has warned an invasion by black-eyed child ghosts will take place in days.
Lee Brickley first drew the world's attention to the reappearance of a black-eyed spirit in Cannock Chase, Staffs, after an absence of 30 years.
Now he says a further sighting in the area means a "mass happening" will take place on October 27.
Lee said: "This latest report helps to confirm the theory that something is going to happen on that date.
"I believe reports and the frequency of sightings will increase in the run-up to October 27 because there are crazy things going on at Cannock Chase"Lee Brickley, paranormal expert
"I believe reports and the frequency of sightings will increase in the run-up to October 27 because there are crazy things going on at Cannock Chase."
The latest sighting of a black-eyed child was reported by a dog walker.
He told Lee he was in Cannock Chase when he heard an "ear-piercing scream" and turned to find a small child stood behind him.
He told Lee: "It had no eyes, just deep, black empty holes."
Lee reckons the Staffordshire area would be the ideal spot for an invasion because it is a "portal" into the spirit world.
He said: "I believe it is entirely possible the world could change significantly if these creatures decide to reveal themselves."
Fellow paranormal expert Sean Page agreed and said: "Governments across the globe must take this seriously."


text:
Wall Street reacts positively to indications that a joint-venture agreement is imminent between Lear Corp. and billionaire Wilbur Ross. In an SEC filing today, Lear reveals it has a non-binding agreement in principle to make its North American interiors business part of a new, Ross-built entity called International Automotive Components Group North America LLC. In a research note published today, Brett Hoselton of KeyBanc Capital Markets writes: "While the deal has not been completed, we ...
Premium Content (PAID Subscription Required)
"Ross Reported Near Deal to Acquire Another Piece of Lear" is part of the paid WardsAuto Premium content. You must log in with Premium credentials in order to access this article. Premium paid subscribers also gain access to:
All of WardsAuto's reliable, in-depth industry reporting and analysis
Hundreds of downloadable data tables including:
• Global sales and production data by country
• U.S. model-line inventory data
• Engine and equipment installation rates
• WardsAuto's North America Plant by Platform forecast
• Product Cycle chart
• Interrelationships among major OEMs
• Medium- and heavy-duty truck volumes
• Historical data and much more!
For WardsAuto.com pricing and subscription information please contact
Lisa Williamson by email: firstname.lastname@example.com or phone: (248) 799-2642
Current subscribers, please login or CLICK for support information.


text:
Click on an expert's name to see his or her full details. Click on a keyword to see experts in related fields.
|Dr Jitendra Agarwal
|Senior Lecturer in Structural Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering
|Areas of expertise:
|My current research on structural safety and nonlinear dynamics has origins in my PhD work and it has been gaining depth...
|structural safety | nonlinear dynamics | dynamic progressive collapse | vulnerability of structures | risk assessment of infrastructures
University of Bristol
| Feedback
Senate House, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK. Tel: +44 (0)117 928 9000


text:
We recommend upgrading to the latest Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, or Firefox.
If you are using IE 9 or later, make sure you turn off "Compatibility View".
Handpicked brands for you
Summer time vibes. Nothing like Ferris wheels, palm trees, and mini wave air fresheners to say "it's summer time" in the #oc !


text:
Farhan Akhtar celebrates his birthday with close B-Town friends. VIEW PICS
The multi-talented Bollywood personality Farhan Akhtar turns 43 today. Known for donning many hats successfully like that of a writer, film-maker, actor and singer, Farhan was clicked by our shutterbugs in Bandra on Sunday night after partying with his close B-Town friends at a bungalow. These friends included his 'Rock On!!' co-star Purab Kohli with his wife Lucy Payton, Amrita Arora Ladak with hubby Shakeel Ladak, Ritesh Sidhwani with wife Dolly Sidhwani and others. Here we bring the pictures of them as they left the venue after the party was wrapped up.
Check out the pictures here:
Farhan Akhtar
Farhan Akhtar is snapped leaving the venue after the party is wrapped up.
Also Read: Farhan Akhtar gives fitting reply to Abu Azmi's comment on Bengaluru mass molestion
Craving for a pizza? Join Club Bubble and end your craving with free margherita pizza


text:
The Silence Album Release Party
Neil Nathan, Travel Lanes, The Donuts
The Fire
412 W Girard Ave
Philadelphia, PA, 19123
8:00 PM (event ends at 12:00 AM)
This event is 21 and over
The Silence
dir. Ingmar Bergman, Sweden, 1963, 35mm, 95 mins, b/w, Swedish w/ English subtitles
Two sisters – the sickly, intellectual Ester and the sensual, pragmatic Anna – travel by train with Anna's young son Johan to a foreign country seemingly on the brink of war. Attempting to cope with their alien surroundings, the sisters resort to their personal vices while vying for Johan's affection, and in so doing sabotage any hope for a future together. Regarded as one of the most sexually provocative films of its day, Ingmar Bergman's The Silence offers a brilliant, disturbing vision of emotional isolation in a suffocating spiritual void.
Neil Nathan
UK's No Ripchord Magazine calls Neil "the bastard step-child of Jackson Browne and David Bowie." And Canada's Snob's Music says 'the tunes are so sugary, they'd give Matthew Sweet a toothache."
Huffington Post calls his new Jumpstart music video, "a bizarre good time."
Neil's debut LP, The Distance Calls, was produced by Detroit Garage Rock Hero Bobby Harlow (King Tuff, The Go) and featured musicians from QOTSA, The Dead Weather, and Detroit Cobras.
That record featured Neil's cover of ELO's "Do Ya," which so impressed rock n roll hall of famer, Jeff Lynne, that he gave his blessing for it to appear on Showtime's Californication Soundtrack. The song is also in regular rotation on Sirius/XM's The Coffeehouse.
The Distance Calls also included "California Run," which has been featured on ESPN and NHL Network, and is spun live at San Francisco Giants home games. Neil's friend and former roommate, actress Rosario Dawson, guest starred in the music video.
Neil's new LP, Sweep The Nation, was debuted on Seattle's KEXP. It's been called a "scintillating master work" and a "crunchy hard rocking masterpiece." It's garnered features in Magnet Magazine and The Vinyl District, who both called the record "Impressive."
Travel Lanes was created on a whim.....or a series of whims. Answering, or commenting to a Craigslist ad, led to the formation of the group. Four guys deciding to meet in a room to play music was an accomplishment in itself. A well-received EP was quickly recorded over the space of a year in 2013.
With comparisons made to the sound of The Replacements, Elvis Costello, Tom Petty and The Heartbreakers, Nick Lowe and Graham Parker, Travel Lanes combines a mix of power pop and rock, with hooks, lyrics, melodies and harmonies.
Another full length record under our belt landed us in The Philadelphia Inquirers' top 10 Philly records of 2015, and we have happily managed to continue to write new music, play multiple shows with guest musicians, and we even have some surprises up our sleeves for 2016 and beyond. Stay tuned…
Much like their culinary namesake, the Donuts embrace and, at times, contrast the notion that they are nothing more than musical empty calories. You can't resist them even though you know that they are bad for you. When it's all over, you will be disgusted with yourself for having succumb to the fleeting pleasures that they provided.
The Donuts consist of dime-store musical savant J. Bearclaw, drunken stumblebum Johnny Taint, the enigmatic Peter Extravaganza and an impeccably coifed UFO/Hot Chocolate devotee simply named Fathead ("One name, just like Cher!" enthuses Fathead). The plan to form the 'Nuts was hatched when Bearclaw, Taint, and Fathead attended an AC/DC concert in the spring of 2001. In an epiphany similar to the one that knocked Saint Paul on his ass on the road to Damascus, the boys were overcome with a vision of the perfect rock band: equal parts marketing, fashion sensibility and Mickey's malt liquor ©. Fathead would provide the powerhouse drumming and Bearclaw and Taint would supply vocals and guitar. ("Taint is like a combination of Bob Dylan and Lou Reed, and that's just his singing!" raves Fathead.) The combo was rounded out when Chuck Vadge was brought aboard to play bass, notwithstanding his near total lack of musical ability. Twelve weeks later, however, Chuck Vadge was replaced by Peter Extravaganza. ("Chuck had absolutely no experience playing the bass when he joined the 'Nuts; Peter comes to the band with a good three months of bass playing under his belt!" gushes Fathead.)
It has been suggested that there are strong similarities between the 'Nuts and another band of fiery young upstarts once known as the Beatles, with the prodigiously talented Bearclaw as a Paul McCartney figure, Fathead in the role of Pete Best, and Peter Extravaganza and Johnny Taint as dueling Stu Suttcliffs. Despite their ability to craft simple, energetic, hook-laden songs, the music is not this band's main focus. "We hope that this band will be a triumph of merchandising over music," says Taint. "Hey, who the f*#@!k took the last beer?!?!" added Bearclaw.
So there you have it. Too inept to truly be considered power pop, and too melodic to be considered garage rock, the Donuts are simply a great band that defies categorization. Prepare to be confounded by this rock and roll colossus. And please have your money ready.
Upcoming Events
The Fire
Fri, November 17
Bronte Fall
Fri, November 17
Meta Tron, Ixia, Kunaii
Sun, November 19
Slenko & McKeys
Wed, November 29
Friday Metal
Fri, December 1
The Boardwalk Kings


text:
We recommend upgrading to the latest Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, or Firefox.
If you are using IE 9 or later, make sure you turn off "Compatibility View".
Handpicked brands for you
Check out the quote from this awe-inspiring waterwoman @littlebantam in Australia! Thank you for posting this we love it! So touching! xx


text:
Oxfam reaction to Peter Mandelsons speech on trade
Oxfam International reaction to Peter Mandelson's speech on trade in Berlin
In a speech in Berlin on January 23, European Union (EU) trade commissioner Peter Mandelson blamed countries such as Brazil and India for blocking a world trade deal, but he raised the prospect of new moves by the EU on the contentious issue of agriculture if Europe gets access to the markets it most values, according to Reuters new agency.
Mandelson said, "The blockage in the round is not in Brussels, but in those countries failing to come forward with an offer on industrial tariffs and services that goes anywhere near responding to the seriousness of our offers in all sectors of the round." Europe was making real sacrifices in farming but it stood to gain no significant access to markets such as Brazil and India for high-value industrial goods like cars or chemicals made by European companies, he said.
Luis Morago, Head of Oxfam International's Brussels Office, responded:
"It is 2006 and yet we are still hearing the same excuses, the same unreasonable demands as last year. Now is not the time for blaming or deflecting blame. Rich countries must change their tune, redesign their policies and do everything they can to refocus these negotiations on the needs of developing countries, otherwise the result can only be failure.
"All developing countries need the space and time to decide on their own policies – as rich countries had before them. This round was launched in 2001 to rectify the imbalances in the world trading system but at this rate it is in danger of exacerbating them.
"Europe's offers on agriculture not only do not go far enough but come with potentially devastating demands for reciprocation in other areas that could more than outweigh the benefits of minor agricultural reform. Both the EU and US need to offer more and stop asking for so much in return.
"The EU's demand that developing countries liberalize their services and industrial markets in return for movement on agriculture is unacceptable: this round of talks was not meant to be about horse-trading but about unlocking the benefits of trade for poverty reduction.
"Europe's insistence on differentiation between developing countries is disingenuous: many the world's poorest people live in the countries that Mr. Mandelson targets as 'major economic players'. Just because their economies are growing does not mean they should be forced to make potentially devastating reforms before they're ready."


text:
Providing character development programs and need-based scholarships to schools across the US
Rex Lardner has spent over 35 years in sports television as a producer, marketing director, public relations representative, programming director, writer, and on-air commentator. He has worked for NBC Sports, CBS Sports, Turner Broadcasting, the World Wrestling Federation, and Intersport television. Lardner was also a Managing Partner in a sports marketing firm, Two Win Sports Marketing, and an Associate Commissioner for Conference USA. Lardner is currently in his tenth year as Managing Editor for two football trade publications as a part of AFM Media – American Football Monthly and Gridiron Strategies. Lardner, and his wife, Carolyn, reside in Boca Raton, FL. He is a graduate of the University of Notre Dame.
Elisha "Cadillac" Harris is a longtime teacher and coach in Hampton Roads. Currently, he is teaching Advanced Physical Education and Driver's Education at Indian River High School in Chesapeake. He has taught and coached football/track and field at schools all over Hampton Roads and Northern North Carolina, including Elizabeth City State University, Norfolk State University, Maury High School, Green Run High School and Kempsville High School. Cadillac earned his Masters degree in Administration and Supervision from George Washington University. He donates as much of his "spare" time as possible to supporting community events, motivational speaking, volunteering at football camps and counseling young people of all ages.
James Vint has 18 years of coaching experience, including 14 years as a coordinator at the high school and college levels. Coach Vint is currently at Estacado High School in Lubbock, TX. Coach Vint has written two books on the pistol offense, 101 Pistol Run Plays and 101 Pistol Option Plays, published by Coaches Choice. Vint also has over a dozen videos on the Spread and Pistol Offense. He is widely sought after clinic speaker, speaking on topics on all three phases of the game. In 2002, Coach Vint began helping coaches implement character education and leadership development into their athletic programs. He has used The Playbook for Manhood with his own teams and in the classroom.
D'Addabbo graduated from The University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, AL, and holds a Bachelor's of Science in Commerce & Business Administration majoring in finance and specializing in health care management. His role with the Foundation is through strategic and operational planning and execution.
Brandon Loehle is a 2016 Farmington High School Graduate currently pursuing a B.S. in Software Engineering at Quinnipiac University. He is responsible for website development, database management, and social media marketing.
Tim Beneski has been a teacher and coach for more than twenty years, with experience at East Granby Middle and High Schools, Tunxis Community and Technical College, and Avon Old Farms School. He is currently a teacher and coach at Hawai'i Preparatory Academy in Waimea on the Big Island of Hawai'i. Beneski grew up in East Granby and Suffield, Connecticut. He graduated Northwest Catholic High School in 1983 and Boston College in 1987. He earned an M.Ed. from the University of Hartford in 1992. Beneski is also an ordained Christian minister and has assisted in providing spiritual guidance to his students, as well as performing weddings, christenings, and memorial services, for more than a decade.
A native of Brewton, Alabama, Keaton received his bachelor's degree in 1999 from Stillman College. Keaton began his coaching career as an assistant football coach and director of football operations at Stillman. As an assistant coach for six seasons, he served as running backs coach, special teams coach and recruiting coordinator. Keaton also coached professionally with the Odessa Roughnecks in Odessa, Texas and served as the assistant head coach and defensive coordinator. As a professional and collegiate coach, Keaton has sent over 50 players to the National Football League and/or the Arena Football League. He is a member of the advisory board for the Foundation, specifically for athletics and scholarships. Teddy now coaches at Miles College in Fairfield, AL.
A native of Connecticut, Dr. Izzi received the B.A. in Philosophy from Fordham University. He lived in Paris in his twenties, where he completed the license es lettres, the maitrise, and the doctorat in Philosophy at the Sorbonne. He now resides in Paris and in the United States, where he is Professor of Philosophy at Saint Michael's College, Colchester, Vermont. He was a consultant to Harvard University's Laspau Program in the Caribbean and a Fulbright Scholar in Haiti. He has presented papers at international and national professional conferences and published articles in scholarly journals on Ancient and Contemporary Philosophy, some of which have been reprinted in books devoted to particular philosophical themes and thinkers. Dr. Izzi's role with the Foundation is as an educational development advisor.
Sapere graduated from USAF Business School, within the United States Air Force where he served from 1964-1968. He was veteran of the Vietnam War as a Combat Photographer and upon his completion of duty, he began his distinguished career of 43 years at Hartford Healthcare Systems, Hartford, CT prior to his retirement in September, 2012. Sapere's responsibilities included Director of Support Services at The Institute of Living and with Hartford Hospital as the Associate Director of Facilities Development. He is now Founder and President of Facility Management Solutions Group, LLC, a consulting company specializing in healthcare construction, project management and property development. Sapere's role with the foundation will be to coordinate local and national events and to act as a national spokesperson for the organization.
Baker graduated from Quinnipiac University in Hamden, CT in 2010 with a Bachelor's Degree in Information Systems Management. In September of 2011 he was hired by the Waterbury Republican & American as a Sports Assistant, where he still works. Baker's role with the Foundation is communications with coaches, educators and other leaders looking to involve themselves with the Foundation's initiatives.
In addition to being a director of the H.O.P.E. Foundation, in the 1970's DiCocco became the founder and developer of Empire Development, LLC, with buildings constructed nationwide. Since 1980 he has been an entrepreneur focusing on commercial real estate development and contracting. In 1984, DiCocco founded Alternative Heath Care, a publicly traded company consisting of medical centers, physical therapy centers, and an HMO serving the Northeastern United States. While affiliated with AHC, DiCocco served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer.
In addition to being a director of the H.O.P.E. Foundation, DiCocco served as an Inventory Cost Accounting Manager from the mid 1970's to the early 1980s. Since the 1980's she has served actively in various roles as an accountant. Throughout the 1990's, Kathy taught accounting and finance at two Connecticut colleges. DiCocco has participated in extensive fundraising for a local boys' boarding school and for Boston College. She still involves herself actively with various community service and fundraising for local charities and church organizations.
The H.O.P.E. Foundation For a Better Tomorrow, Inc.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Nov 29, 2005
|Filing date
|Nov 10, 1998
|Priority date
|Nov 10, 1998
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Ayman Fawaz, Jean Walrand
|Original Assignee
|Extreme Networks
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (29), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (31), Classifications (13), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application is related to application Ser. No. 09/189,206, filed Nov. 10, 1998, entitled "Method and Apparatus for Interconnection of Packet Switches with Guaranteed Bandwidth" and to application Ser. No. 09/189,347, filed Nov. 10, 1998, entitled "Method and Apparatus to Reduce Jitter in Packet Switched Network," both incorporated by reference herein.
The present invention relates to communication networks, and particularly, the present invention relates to providing guaranteed quality of service in a packet switched network.
In communications technology, there is an ever-increasing demand for high-performance networks, and in particular, a demand for high-performance Internet access. This increased demand has led to the development of improved networks capable of handling larger volumes of data with smaller delays. Nonetheless, these improved networks each have their own shortcomings.
Communications networks like the Internet are generally formed with a number of transmission links interconnected with switches. A transmission link is any medium through which signals are communicated and can be single or multiple twisted pairs, optical fiber, coaxial cable, radio links, or other mediums. A switch is a device with one or more input ports and one or more output ports. The switch directs bits arriving at an input port to the appropriate output port. Switching in communications is accomplished using one of two methods: circuit switching and packet switching.
Circuit switching has been used since the birth of the modem telephone system. Circuit switching entails establishing an end-to-end connection between two points before any information is communicated. A telephone connection is one example of a circuit-switched connection. In early circuit-switched networks, information could only be communicated over the links if the links were not being used by another party and if an end-to-end connection was already established.
To make the circuit-switched network more economical, Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) was developed. TDM is a method that enables multiple end-to-end connections to share the same link. More specifically, using TDM the respective data streams are transmitted for a designated time period in a round robin fashion over a shared transmission link. For instance, referring to the illustration of
of the transmission rate of the link. So, using TDM, a link with transmission rate R is capable of carrying data streams with rate R(1), . . . , R(N) provided that R(1)+ . . . + R(N) is less than R. Therefore, a circuit-switched network with TDM provides a guaranteed bandwidth to a connection from the source of the connection to its destination.
Despite the ability to send multiple data streams through a shared link at a guaranteed rate for each data stream, when a particular data stream does not need its time slot on the link, that fraction of the link capacity is wasted because other data streams are not permitted to use that time slot. Thus, although the circuit-switched network offers the user guaranteed bandwidth available at any time, when the user is not utilizing its allocated bandwidth, the link lays idle for the user's time slot—unavailable for use by any other party, leading to an inefficient utilization of available resources.
Even though there are inefficiencies inherent in circuit switching, such switching has proven satisfactory to carry voice data. Non-voice data, however, tends to be more "bursty" in nature. Hence, when a data burst arrives, having to wait through TDM cycles for transmission will make the transmission of data appear slow—an appearance that might be avoided if all resources were available for use.
To avoid the inefficiencies of circuit switching, the communications industry has made a shift to "packet switching" for non-voice type data transmission. Packet switching does not establish a single end-to-end connection for each data stream. Rather, the data stream is divided into "packets," each of which carries data as well as various identifying information about each packet. Such identifying information includes routing information, for instance, source and destination addresses for the packet. When a packet arrives at a switch, it is stored in a buffer. The switch looks at the routing information in the packet and routes the packet to the appropriate output port. The packets are then forwarded one "hop" (or switch) at a time, until they reach their destination. Each packet in a particular data stream does not necessarily follow the same path to its destination as the others.
In most networking protocols, the networking system is hierarchically divided into subnetworks that are interconnected. The nodes (e.g., personal computers) in each subnetwork are addressed by a "Layer 2" address (sometimes called a MAC address). A subnetwork delivers packets between any two of its nodes. These packets are labeled with the Layer 2 addresses of the source and destination nodes of the subnetwork.
Subnetworks can also be interconnected to one another with the use of specialized switches. These switches determine how to handle a packet based either on the Layer 2 addresses in the packet or on some other routing information. For instance, a switch interconnects a number of subnetworks through its several ports. For each of its ports, the switch maintains a list of Layer 2 addresses of the computers of the subnetwork(s) that is(are) attached to the port. When the switch receives a packet, the switch checks the port lists and identifies the port that is connected to the Layer 2 address for the destination of the packet. The switch then transmits the packet on that identified port. Other networking protocols additionally add special routing information in each packet. That routing information may be a connection number or a pair of geographically arranged addresses, as in the case of the Internet Protocol.
Since packets from different data streams are all routed over the same transmission lines, a scheduling method by which to place the packets from the different streams onto the transmission lines is required. One such scheduling method is statistical multiplexing (SM). In contrast with TDM, SM does not allocate fixed periodic fractions of the transmission rate of the link to the different data streams. Instead, the SM schedules packets for transmission depending on the actual needs of the different data streams. In its simplest form, illustrated in
A variation of SM called "deficit round robin" (DRR) can provide better transmission rate guarantees and is illustrated in FIG. 3. Under DRR, to multiplex N data streams, N integers W(1), . . . W(N), are first chosen as a weight (W) for each data stream. Then for the first data stream (DS1) up to W(1) bits are transmitted. If all of the packets of DS1 are transmitted before transmitting W(1) bits or if bit W(1) is the last bit of a packet, then a second integer D(1) is set to 0. But if bit W(1) is not the last bit of a packet, then additional bits are sent until the transmission of the packet is completed, and D(1) is set to equal the number of additional bits sent. The procedure is repeated for data streams DS2, . . . , DSN with the corresponding numbers W(2), D(2), . . . W(N), D(N). The cycle then repeats starting with DS1, but W(1) is replaced with W(1)-D(1). Hence, W(1)-D(1) bits are transmitted instead of W(1) (in other words, D(1) represents a "deficit" of DS1). If there are additional bits remaining in a packet, then those D′(1) additional bits are sent. The procedure is again repeated for DS2, . . . , DSN in a similar manner. When the procedure returns again to DS1, W(1)-D′(1) will replace W(1).
Therefore, using DRR, a minimum transmission rate for a data stream DSi (where i=1, . . . , N) will generally be the fraction
of the transmission rate for the link. Moreover, if some data streams do not need their guaranteed allocation, then the other connections can utilize the unused resources and will do so automatically. Many variations of DRR are known in the art, including Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ), Generalized Processor Sharing (GPS), and Class Based Queuing (CBQ).
Despite DRR's ability to generally provide some minimum transmission rate, the capacity for the transmission of data at a particular rate is still not reserved like it is in circuit-switched networks. Hence, there is still the possibility that delivery of a message will be delayed. Therefore, most data communication service providers, although they utilize statistical multiplexing for packet transmission, will not guarantee any minimum quality of service. "Quality of service" refers herein to a minimum bandwidth provided between two points, A and B.
The advent of Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) seems to combine the benefits of statistical multiplexing with the guaranteed quality of service of circuit switching. While ATM sends data in packets, or cells, ATM sets up a "virtual channel" before transmitting any data. All of the frames follow the same route along the virtual channel, thereby guaranteeing the order of cell arrival. Further, because data is sent in cells, these cells can be statistically multiplexed, and can use all available resources efficiently while guaranteeing a minimum quality of service. To allow all incoming data streams access to a shared link, ATM monitors the number of packets or cells received from a particular data stream. If the number received during a time interval exceeds a threshold designated for the incoming data stream, then packets/cells are discarded.
Nonetheless, ATM is a complicated protocol and expensive to implement, requiring complex hardware and network management software. Further, in addition to setting up and maintaining virtual channels, ATM requires the reformatting of received data packets into special ATM cells that include a virtual channel identifier and a virtual path identifier unique to ATM. So while ATM has been used by telephone service providers, because of its expense and complexity it is not generally used for Internet or other data communications.
Therefore, a simplified system and method for providing a guaranteed quality of service for Internet and other packet-switched data communications is desirable.
In order to overcome the deficiencies in communication networks described above, a system and method in accordance with the invention provides a simple, yet flexible packet-switching system that can guarantee quality of service between two points. In particular, such a system includes a plurality of linked nodes. Packet Switches, such as standard routers, are coupled to the nodes.
Service Level Agreements, or SLA's, are defined between pairs of Packet Switches and guarantee a minimum quality-of-service (minimum bandwidth) between the two packet switches. When a packet arrives at a node from a packet switch, the node inspects certain classification information contained within the packet. In one embodiment, such classification information is the source and destination identifiers (e.g., addresses) of the packet, while in other embodiments classification information additionally includes other information. Using the classification information, the packet classifies the packet with an SLA. A scheduler in the node ensures that packets from each SLA are scheduled for transmission at at least the minimum data rate corresponding to the SLA.
In one embodiment, each SLA has its own queue in the node. In such an embodiment, a scheduler schedules the packets for transmission using a statistical multiplexing method. In one embodiment, such a method is a DRR method. In another embodiment, such a method is a modified DRR method referred to herein as a "Deficit Golden Ratio" (DGR) method. A DGR method in accordance with the invention, redistributes the order of the packets that would otherwise be output using a DRR method, thereby eliminating jitter and delay often caused by DRR scheduling.
In a second embodiment, the SLA's served by a node share a queue. In other words, all packets, no matter which SLA they are classified with, are placed in the same queue. However, a statistical multiplexing scheduling method referred to herein as SLA Early Discard is utilized to ensure the minimum bandwidth of all SLAs. If the number of packets in the queue for a particular SLA have reached or exceeded a threshold value, then no additional packets for that particular SLA are added to the queue. Any newly arriving packets for the SLA are discarded. If the packets for the particular SLA have not reached the threshold, then additional packets for that SLA can be added to the queue.
In addition to classification and scheduling, nodes in accordance with the invention further implement congestion control. When packets for a particular SLA are transmitted at a rate higher than the minimum rate designated for the particular SLA, then downstream nodes receiving those packets may become congested. In one embodiment, those downstream nodes provide messages to the upstream nodes indicating that the rate of transmission for packets from the particular SLA should be reduced. In some embodiments, the node may turn off service for the particular SLA while it is congested. However, service to the other SLA's remains turned on in the node.
Thus, a system and method in accordance with the invention can provide service to users akin to leased lines in a circuit switched system, although the system and method described herein is for packet switching. Moreover, such service can be provided without reformatting data packets as is done in ATM. In one embodiment, the nodes in accordance with the invention have ethernet interfaces and accept and forward ethernet packets without change. Hence, standard packet switches "see" a network in accordance with the invention as an ethernet-type network. Finally, such guaranteed quality-of-service can be provided with minimal additional hardware and software unlike other conventional networking methods such as ATM.
The present invention is described with respect to particular exemplary embodiments thereof, and reference will be made to the drawings, which are not necessarily drawn to scale and in which:
FIGS. 13(a) and 13(b) are functional block diagrams representing reconfiguration of a ring in accordance with the invention.
A system and method in accordance with the invention provides a simplified method of packet-switched data communications with a guaranteed minimum bandwidth between any two given points. Although a system and method in accordance with the invention is packet-switched, it can provide service much a like a leased line in circuit-switched networks. Still, a system in accordance with the invention is not inefficient with its resources as circuit-switched networks are.
In order to provide a guaranteed bandwidth on a packet-switched data communication system, a system and method in accordance with invention utilizes two elements: (1) packet classification and (2) packet scheduling. In some embodiments an additional third element, (3) distributed back pressure, is also utilized. Each of these elements will be described below. But first, a general overview of the network to be used in accordance with the invention is given.
In one embodiment, the QoS Nodes 102, 106 include ethernet interfaces that operate at 1 Gbps. In other embodiments, however, the nodes may operate at a different rate (e.g., 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, OC12, OC48, OC96, OC192). Moreover, some QoS Nodes may operate at one rate while other QoS Nodes operate at a second rate. Hence, the actual rates for either of the types of QoS Nodes are not intended to be restricted by the invention nor are the interfaces utilized.
Further, the actual links between the QoS Nodes can be formed in any manner known to those of skill in the art. For instance, the links interconnecting the QoS Nodes can be built from single or multiple twisted wire pairs, optical fibers, or coaxial cable. In other embodiments, the links can be radio links, or even free space infrared links. In addition the protocol used by the links may be based on Gigabit Ethernet, ATM, WDM, SONET, or other technology.
As used herein, "packet switches" 108 denote standard packet switches, which are known in the art and include devices such as routers. Ring nodes 102 and multiplexing nodes 106, although technically packet switches (since they route incoming packets to output ports), are distinguishable from standard packet switches, and are referred to herein as "Quality of Service Nodes" or "QoS Nodes."
Packet Classification and Scheduling
In accordance with the invention, a minimum quality of service (a minimum bandwidth) is provided between selected pairs of packet switches, such as from A to B, B to A, or from A to C. The quality of service for a particular packet switch pair is referred to herein as a Service Level Agreement, or SLA. Each SLA includes at least three elements: a source packet switch, a destination packet switch, and a minimum data rate for data transfers between the two packet switches. For instance, referring again to
In one embodiment of the invention, the packets received at each QoS Node 102, 106 from a packet switch 108 are ethernet frames, which specify the Layer 2 address of the source packet switch and the Layer 2 address of the destination packet switch. A standard ethernet frame is shown in
Although ethernet frames (packets) are frequently referred to herein, other types of packets could be utilized in other embodiments of the invention. Hence, ethernet packets are used for purposes of illustration only, and such illustration is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
First Embodiment
A first embodiment of a node 102, 106 is shown in FIG. 6. Upon arrival at a QoS Node 102, 106, packets (e.g., ethernet frames) are placed into an input buffer 302. Subsequently, classifier 304 classifies each packet in accordance with an SLA. To do so, classifier 304 reads at least the source and destination identifier of the packet to be classified, for instance, Layer 2 ethernet frame addresses. The classifier 304 then correlates the pair of identifiers with a corresponding SLA. In one embodiment, such source and destination identifiers are physical addresses, while in other embodiments such source and destination addresses may be composed of other information.
In addition to source and destination identifiers, other embodiments of the invention may utilize other information for packet classification. For instance, the type of application (e.g., e-mail) from which the packet originated can additionally be used to classify packets with an SLA. Thus, the information used for classifying packets is referred to herein as "classification information."
In one embodiment of the invention, once an SLA has been identified for the packet using the various classification information, the packet is placed into a FIFO-type buffer 306-312 that corresponds to the SLA, forming a queue of packets for the SLA. Unlike ATM and other protocols, the packets do not need to be reformatted or modified in any way.
Once the packets have been classified according to their SLA, the packets are scheduled for transmission by scheduler 316 and placed in an appropriate output port 317. For purposes of continued discussion, the scheduling methods used herein are discussed with reference only to a single output port, although it is to be understood that a QoS Node could have more than one output port.
In order to guarantee quality of service for each SLA, a scheduler in one embodiment of the invention uses the Deficit Round Robin (DRR) scheduling method described previously with respect to FIG. 3. With DRR, the bandwidth for the particular data stream is greater than or equal to the rate (R) of the link times the weight (W) for a particular data stream divided by the sum of weights. In other words,
Therefore, using the DRR scheduling method, a minimum quality of service for each SLA can be guaranteed.
Nonetheless, DRR may introduce delay and/or jitter into the bit stream, particularly when there are many queues. In other words, during the time that bits for SLA-1 are being sent, bits from the other SLA's must wait. Likewise, once SLA-1's turn has passed, no bits will be sent from SLA-1 until bits from all of the other participating SLA's have been sent. Such wait times may be unacceptable for some applications.
Therefore, in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, a new scheduling method is utilized, referred to herein as the Deficit Golden Ratio (DGR) method. To reduce jitter, DGR schedules the bits in a similar manner to that done for DRR, but rather than imposing wait times, the DGR method interleaves bits from each of the SLA queues. The distribution is performed utilizing the Golden Ratio:
More specifically, much as with DRR, the order of transmission for DGR is constructed utilizing the weights W(k) (in bits) assigned to each SLA-k, k=1, . . . , K. An integer P(k) is then set to equal the integer part of W(k)/1000. Since the average packet length in Internet Protocol (IP) applications is about 1000 bits, P(k) is approximately the average number of packets of SLA-k that DRR would serve in one cycle. In other embodiments, P(k) can be found using a denominator other than 1000, for instance, if an average packet length is a different value.
The DGR scheduler constructs a packet sequence {packet-1, . . . , packet-P} for transmission, where P=P(1)+ . . . +P(K). The packet sequence is chosen so that there are P(k) packets from SLA-k in the sequence. The sequence is selected so that the packets from each SLA are distributed in the sequence. The sequence is constructed as follows.
First, the successive decimal parts of the first P multiples of 0.62 (the golden ratio) are calculated by the scheduler. By way of example, if P(1)=3, P(2)=1, P(3)=2, then P=6, and the decimal parts of the first six multiples of 0.62 are set forth in Table 1 below:
TABLE 1 Multiple Decimal Part 0 0.00 1 0.62 2 0.24 3 0.86 4 0.48 5 0.10
The scheduler sequentially groups these multiples into groups corresponding to each SLA-k, where each group has P(k) sequential multiples. Continuing the above example, since P(1)=3, then SLA-1 is designated the first three multiples, SLA-2 will receive the next one multiple since P(2)=1, and since P(3)=2, SLA-3 receives the last two multiples. The designated decimal parts of the multiples are shown in Table 2 below:
TABLE 2 Designated Decimal Parts of N SLA multiples of 0.62 SLA-1 0, 0.62, 0.24 SLA-2 0.86 SLA-3 0.48, 0.10
To determine the packet sequence, the decimal parts are placed by the scheduler in increasing order, where the designated SLA-k remains correlated to the decimal part. For the example above, such ordering is shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 Decimal Part SLA 0.00 SLA-1 0.10 SLA-3 0.24 SLA-1 0.48 SLA-3 0.62 SLA-1 0.86 SLA-2
The scheduler will output packets from the SLAs according to the re-ordered decimal parts. Hence, Table 3 indicates that the packet sequence output by the scheduler in our example should be from {1, 3, 1, 3, 1, 2}, where the numbers inside the brackets correspond to SLA numbers.
Using the sequence above, the DGR scheduler transmits bits from the SLA sequence in a manner similar to DRR. Specifically, the scheduler utilizing a DGR method in accordance with the invention first transmits one packet from the first SLA in the sequence, in the above example, SLA-1 (see Table 3), where this packet has Q(1) bits. If Q(1) is greater than or equal to W(1), then the scheduler sets D(1)=Q(1)−W(1). SLA-1 is then dropped form the rest of the current scheduling cycle (i.e., in the example above, the second and third occurrences of SLA-1 in the Table 3 sequence would be skipped). Otherwise, the scheduler notes that SLA-1 still has W(1)−Q(1) credits. The scheduler then continues this procedure with the other SLAs in the DGR sequence, e.g., in Table 3 above, SLA-3, then SLA-1, and so on, sending a packet from each SLA unless the SLA has been dropped from the cycle. After it has reached the last SLA in the sequence, the scheduler starts again from the beginning of the sequence and continues to perform the same procedure until all of the SLAs have exhausted all of their credits (i.e., until all SLA's have been dropped from the cycle). At this point, the cycle ends, and the scheduler starts a new cycle with the credits W(i) replaced by W(i)-D(i). Upon exhaustion of all credits by the SLAs, another new cycle starts where the credits allocated to each SLA are W(i)-D′(i), and so on. An example output stream is shown in FIG. 7.
In this manner, the DGR scheduling method results in smoother traffic and smaller delays, but still guarantees the bandwidth reserved for the SLA.
It should be understood by those of skill in the art that the classifier and scheduler described above can be implemented in hardware, software, and/or firmware, or any combination thereof.
Second Embodiment
A second embodiment of a QoS Node 102, 106 is shown in FIG. 8. Rather than having a single queue per SLA, as in
In accordance with SLA Early Discard, each SLA-k (where k=1, . . . , K) is assigned some integer weight, M(k). When a packet of SLA-k arrives at the QoS Node 102, 106, the packet is accepted into the queue only if the number of packets for that particular SLA in the queue is less than M(k). If the number of packets in the queue for the particular SLA have reached or exceeded M(k), then the packet is discarded. For example, if there are three SLA's, if M(1)=3, M(2)=2, and M(3)=2, and if packets arrive at the node in the following order {1, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 1, 3}, then the fourth packet from SLA-1 is discarded. Discarded packets can be resent from the source or otherwise later recovered in a manner known to those of skill in the art. The resulting packet stream is shown in FIG. 9. In other embodiments, the number of bits in the aggregate queue for a particular SLA are monitored instead of the number of packets.
Consequently, if all SLA's are busy, then the packet queue contains about M(1)+M(2)+ . . . +M(k) packets. The link transmits a fraction
of its packets from SLA-k. Therefore, SLA-k is guaranteed the fraction listed above of the total link bandwidth. Further, packets are only discarded after monitoring the aggregate queue, whereas in ATM, packets are discarded solely on the basis of the source they are form. In ATM, regardless of whether other resources are required by other data streams, packets are discarded upon reaching a threshold for that source during a given time interval. In contrast, the SLA early discard method of the present invention only discards packets if they exceed a percentage of the aggregate queue.
For example, if the total memory (i.e., the number of bits the aggregate queue can store) for a 1 Gbps link is 2 MB, the delay of the QoS Node (the time the packet arrives to the time the packet is transmitted) is approximately 16 ms for each packet. If 2 MB correspond to approximately 16,000 packets with an average length of 1000 bits per packet, two packets should be allocated for M(k) for 128-kbps agreement. That is, if SLA-k has a rate equal to n×128 kbps, M(k)=2n if the port rate is 1 Gbps. If the port rate is R Gbps then, M(k)=2nR. For SLA's that have a rate equal to large multiples of 128 kbps, the fluctuations in packet sizes should not significantly affect the actual guaranteed minimum bandwidth.
It should again be understood by those of skill in the art that the classifier and scheduler for a node described above can be implemented in hardware, software, and/or firmware, or any combination thereof.
In essence, using either embodiment as described above, the SLA's can be equated to virtual leased lines. In other words, although operating in a packet-switched network, minimum bandwidth can be guaranteed between pairs of packet switches. Moreover, such guarantees are provided while still utilizing standard packet switches and without modifying router software. In fact, one embodiment of the invention is compatible with packet switches that include standard Ethernet interfaces. Yet, the frame structure for Ethernet (or other) packets does not need to be modified as they would for SONET and ATM, causing the system to appear to the packet switch as a shared Ethernet. Nor does a system in accordance with the invention require complex hardware and software akin to that required for ATM.
Congestion Control
As described above, each node will transmit packets for each SLA at a minimum rate. Nonetheless, the actual rate provided can actually be faster than the minimum guaranteed rate. But if such faster service is provided, the capacity of some links in the network may be exceeded.
Therefore, in addition to the classification and scheduling methods described above, in some embodiments the QoS Nodes may additionally implement a congestion control method herein referred to as Distributed Back Pressure (DBP). To avoid link overflow problems, each QoS Node monitors whether any of its SLA's are congested and maintains a list of all congested SLA's. Such a list is represented in
If using an embodiment of the invention such as that as shown in
For example,
In addition, each QoS Node in some embodiments of the invention, can also implement an internal flow control. When the occupancy of an output buffer 317 (
The overall effect of this flow control both external and internal to the node is to distribute the cumulative packets from an overactive SLA inside the SLA queues of the QoS Nodes while keeping the other SLA's flowing, until the packet switch itself gets stopped. Accordingly, DBP in accordance with the invention exercises a finer congestion control than conventional flow control that shuts off a link completely instead of stopping only the overly active data streams.
Network Bandwidth Management
In order to manage the bandwidth for the various SLA's, a pair of bandwidth managers 112 are included in the network as shown in
The bandwidth managers are, in one embodiment, computers operating software to perform the management functions described above. A pair of bandwidth managers are provided for reliability. Other embodiments of the invention, however, could have one or more bandwidth managers.
Network Reconfiguration
In some embodiments of the invention, an additional protocol is implemented, referred to herein as a "Tail-Safe Management Protocol" (FSMP). The FSMP protects the network 100 against failure of the links connecting the QoS Nodes as well as failure of the QoS Nodes themselves.
In one embodiment, a network 100 operates with FSMP by including a self-healing physical layer. When a failure occurs in part of the ring, the ring reconfigures itself to avoid the failure. FSMP then detects the reconfiguration and initializes a network status update. Such self-healing is well-known in the art such as in networks using SONET or FDDI protocols.
In another embodiment, ring 104 is a dual ring, where one ring transmits packets in a clockwise direction and a second ring transmits packets in a counter-clockwise direction. In case of failure, the network reconfigures itself from a dual ring into a single logical working ring. Other systems, such as SONET, have also used dual ring configurations. SONET however, uses its dual rings to simultaneously send two versions of the bit stream: one version clockwise and the other counter-clockwise. While this strategy ensures reliability, it is also very wasteful of valuable bandwidth.
In contrast, an example of FSMP in accordance with the invention is explained with reference to
When QoS Node M does not confirm the message, then failure of the links between QoS Node M-1 and QoS Node M is confirmed. The QoS Nodes then reconfigure the rings as shown in
Time Stamp
As is known in the art, certain protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), penalize connections that face long delays: the connections with short delays are awarded most of the link bandwidth. To avoid such penalties, some embodiments of the invention attach a time stamp to a packet as it enters a QoS Node from a packet switch. Once the packet has arrived at the QoS Node immediately prior to the destination packet switch, the packet goes through a playback buffer to ensure that the packet leaves T seconds after it entered the first QoS Node. In embodiments implementing this scheme, the QoS Nodes keep their clocks synchronized by using a standard clock synchronization method that will be known to those of skill in the art. In this manner, all connections are designated a minimum delay, preventing speedy connections from usurping excessive bandwidth.
A system and method has now been described that allows efficient operations of a communications network that includes bandwidth guarantees. Some embodiments of the invention further provide delay guarantees as well as regulate data flow and provide network reliability. A system in accordance with the invention is not only high performance, but also economical, simple, and flexible, while remaining compatible with much of the hardware and software already in place, particularly hardware and software for routers and ethernet interfaces. In essence, the SLAs for a system and method in accordance with the invention can be equated to virtual leased lines. Further, because the network management system enables straightforward provisioning and monitoring of SLAs, an embodiment of the invention may be particularly useful in a metropolitan area network (MAN).
It should be understood that the particular embodiments described above are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various modifications could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Thus, the scope of the present invention is limited only by the claims that follow.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Apr 1, 1992
|May 17, 1994
|Stratacom, Inc.
|Congestion control for cell networks
|Jun 25, 1993
|Oct 25, 1994
|Stratacom, Inc.
|Bandwidth and congestion control for queue channels in a cell switching communication controller
|Apr 29, 1991
|Nov 1, 1994
|Dsc Communications Corporation
|Method and apparatus for a high speed asynchronous transfer mode switch
|Apr 22, 1993
|Aug 8, 1995
|Washington University
|Broadband multi-channel switch with multicasting capability
|Jan 28, 1994
|Jan 16, 1996
|Cabletron Systems, Inc.
|Network having secure fast packet switching and guaranteed quality of service
|Oct 5, 1994
|Feb 13, 1996
|Cabletron Systems, Inc.
|System and method for allocating a shared resource among competing devices
|Jan 5, 1994
|Mar 5, 1996
|Motorola, Inc.
|Device and method for ATM end system cell flow regulation
|Aug 9, 1993
|May 21, 1996
|Xerox Corporation
|Modification to a reservation ring mechanism for controlling contention in a broadband ISDN fast packet switch suitable for use in a local area network
|Apr 21, 1994
|Jun 11, 1996
|Washington University
|Integrated low complexity broadband multi-channel switch
|Jun 5, 1995
|Oct 7, 1997
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Concestion control system and method for packet switched networks providing max-min fairness
|Nov 2, 1995
|Mar 31, 1998
|France Telecom
|Optical packet switching system
|May 5, 1997
|Apr 21, 1998
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Resource management system for a broadband multipoint bridge
|Dec 4, 1995
|Aug 4, 1998
|Cabletron Systems, Inc.
|Method of transmitting data packets in a packet switched communications network
|Jan 23, 1996
|Sep 22, 1998
|Orion Atlantic, L.P.
|Full mesh satellite-based multimedia networking system
|Nov 6, 1998
|May 2, 2000
|Visual Networks Technologies, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for performing service level analysis of communications network performance metrics
|Jul 17, 1998
|Aug 1, 2000
|Sitara Networks, Inc.
|Congestion control
|Jun 1, 1998
|Dec 26, 2000
|Motorola, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for facilitating transmission of cells having multiple priorities in a cell relay network
|Jun 13, 1997
|Feb 20, 2001
|At&T Corp.
|Startup management system and method for networks
|Mar 26, 1998
|Mar 27, 2001
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Packet data flow control method and device
|Sep 5, 1997
|Nov 27, 2001
|Nec Usa, Inc.
|Large capacity, multiclass core ATM switch architecture
|Aug 19, 1998
|Dec 25, 2001
|Nortel Networks Limited
|Method and apparatus for red (random early detection) and enhancements.
|Sep 4, 1998
|Jul 2, 2002
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Router apparatus and control-frame processing method
|Oct 1, 1998
|Aug 20, 2002
|Nec Corporation
|Buffer controller incorporated in asynchronous transfer mode network for changing transmission cell rate depending on duration of congestion and method for controlling thereof
|Mar 8, 1996
|Sep 17, 2002
|British Telecommunications Public Limited Company
|Broadband switching system
|Jul 9, 1999
|Sep 17, 2002
|Malibu Networks, Inc.
|IP-flow classification in a wireless point to multi-point (PTMP) transmission system
|Jan 2, 1997
|Oct 8, 2002
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|ATM communication apparatus and method of controlling congestion in a communication network using the ATM communication apparatus
|Mar 17, 1998
|Sep 30, 1998
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Apparatus and method for template-based scheduling using regularity measure lower bounds
|Dec 14, 1993
|Jun 23, 1994
|Nokia Telecommunications Oy
|A method for congestion management in a frame relay network and a node in a frame relay network
|Mar 27, 1998
|Oct 15, 1998
|Ascend Communications, Inc.
|Hierarchical packet scheduling method and apparatus
|Alon Itai and Zvi Rosberg, "A Golden Ratio Control Policy for a Multiple-Access Channel," Aug. 1984, pp. 712-718.
|Cüneyt M. Özveren, "Reliable and Efficient Hop-by-Hop Flow Control," May 13, 1995, pp. 642-650.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 16, 2002
|Aug 21, 2007
|Infrastructure Innovations, Llc
|Real time mesh measurement system stream latency and jitter measurements
|Sep 30, 2002
|Dec 4, 2007
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Automatic enforcement of service-level agreements for providing services over a network
|Mar 15, 2002
|Feb 12, 2008
|Nec Corporation
|Queue allocation system and queue allocation method of a packet exchanger
|Aug 2, 2007
|Dec 2, 2008
|Infrastructure Innovations Llc
|Real time mesh measurement system stream latency and jitter measurements
|May 8, 2002
|Dec 30, 2008
|Verizon Business Global Llc
|Systems and methods for performing selective flow control
|Dec 1, 2004
|Sep 15, 2009
|At&T Intellectual Property Ii, L.P.
|Method and apparatus for controlling the quality of service of voice and data services over variable bandwidth access networks
|Dec 18, 2001
|Sep 29, 2009
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for network congestion control
|Nov 18, 2005
|Apr 27, 2010
|Intel Corporation
|Selective flow control
|Feb 11, 2004
|Jun 8, 2010
|Cisco Technology, Inc.
|End-to-end congestion control in a Fibre Channel network
|May 24, 2002
|Jan 25, 2011
|Verizon Business Global Llc
|Systems and methods for controlling network-bound traffic
|Aug 4, 2009
|May 31, 2011
|At&T Intellectual Property Ii, L.P.
|Method and apparatus for controlling the quality of service of voice and data services over variable bandwidth access networks
|May 7, 2002
|Aug 30, 2011
|Vitesse Semiconductor Corporation
|System and a method for maintaining quality of service through a congested network
|Sep 10, 2013
|Apr 21, 2015
|Alterwan, Inc.
|Inter-autonomous networking involving multiple service providers
|Feb 2, 2015
|Dec 20, 2016
|Alterwan, Inc.
|Private tunnel usage to create wide area network backbone over the internet
|Feb 4, 2015
|May 30, 2017
|Alterwan, Inc.
|VPN usage to create wide area network backbone over the internet
|Nov 13, 2001
|Jul 4, 2002
|Wendorff Wilhard Von
|Communication sytem with a communication bus
|Mar 15, 2002
|Sep 26, 2002
|Rei Miyamoto
|Queue allocation system and queue allocation method of a packet exchanger
|May 7, 2002
|Nov 21, 2002
|Tagore-Brage Jens P.
|System and a method for processing data packets or frames
|Apr 24, 2002
|Feb 6, 2003
|Nokia Corporation
|Aug 16, 2002
|Apr 3, 2003
|Kryskow Joseph M.
|Real time mesh measurement system stream latency and jitter measurements
|Dec 18, 2001
|Jun 19, 2003
|Andiamo Systems, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for network congestion control
|Jan 3, 2002
|Jul 3, 2003
|Feuerstraeter Mark T.
|Method and apparatus for priority based flow control in an ethernet architecture
|May 21, 2003
|Oct 16, 2003
|Krause Michael R.
|Network congestion management using aggressive timers
|May 8, 2002
|Nov 13, 2003
|Worldcom, Inc.
|Systems and methods for performing selective flow control
|Jun 23, 2003
|Mar 4, 2004
|Stefan Gruhl
|Quality of service (QoS) scheduling for packet switched, in particular GPRS/EGPRS, data services
|Aug 7, 2004
|Jan 27, 2005
|International Business Machines Corporation
|System and method for monitoring performance, analyzing capacity and utilization, and planning capacity for networks and intelligent, network connected processes
|Sep 16, 2004
|Jan 12, 2006
|Nokia Corporation
|Backpressure method on multiplexed links
|Nov 18, 2005
|May 24, 2007
|Sutapa Chandra
|Selective flow control
|Aug 2, 2007
|Jan 3, 2008
|Kryskow Joseph M Jr
|Real time mesh measurement systen stream latency and jitter measurements
|Aug 4, 2009
|Nov 26, 2009
|Cherchali Ali M
|Method and Apparatus for Controlling the Quality of Service of Voice and Data Services Over Variable Bandwidth Access Networks
|Feb 17, 2011
|Aug 18, 2011
|Juniper Networks, Inc.
|Packet switching equipment and switching control method
|U.S. Classification
|370/232, 370/395.21
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 10, 1998
Owner name: ODYSSIA SYSTEMS, INC., CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:FAWAZ, AYMAN;WALRAND, JEAN;REEL/FRAME:009590/0721
Effective date: 19981104
|Dec 12, 2000
Owner name: EXTREME NETWORKS, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ODYSSIA SYSTEMS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:011693/0983
Effective date: 20001130
|May 29, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 14, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 27, 2015
Owner name: SILICON VALLEY BANK, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:036189/0284
Effective date: 20150724
|Oct 31, 2016
Owner name: SILICON VALLEY BANK, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: AMENDED AND RESTATED PATENT AND TRADEMARK SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:040521/0762
Effective date: 20161028
|May 30, 2017
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12
|Jul 14, 2017
Owner name: SILICON VALLEY BANK, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED PATENT AND TRADEMARK SECURITY AGREEMENT;ASSIGNOR:EXTREME NETWORKS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:043200/0614
Effective date: 20170714


text:
Tag: Public Policy Phd Program
- Public Policy Research Seminar: Propagating Civic Education Practice in Illinois
Felicia Sullivan presents study findings on how student populations and community contexts create complex educational ecosystems.
- Public Policy Research Seminar: Connections Between Unstable Housing and Unstable Schooling
Deirdre Oakley presents study findings on how the low-income private rental housing market in high poverty, highly segregated neighborhoods affect/shape the lives of families with children.
- "Just Imagine" Campaign Features McCormack PhD Student
Public Policy student Tanya Stepasiuk is one of five "Faces of UMass Boston" for new fundraising campaign.
- Public Policy Alumna Earns National Housing Research Paper Competition
McCormack Graduates School salutes Rachel Drew '14 for her award from the Housing Education and Research Association.
- UMass Boston Public Policy Student Chosen for Best Dissertation Award
Felicia Sullivan's dissertation was chosen among 20 nominations submitted throughout the United States.
- Exemplary Dissertation Earns Ghazal Zulfiqar the Public Policy Book Award
Zulfiqar wins convocation prize for research on microfinance in Pakistan.
- UMass Boston Student Earns Research Award to Study Construction Jobs for Women
Carolyn Arcand, who studies public policy at McCormack Grad School, earns research award from Department of Labor.
- Public Policy PhD Student Accepts Immigrant Integration Award on Behalf of Boston Nonprofit
Board member Ronald Marlow accepts E Pluribus Unum award for Massachusetts Immigrant and Refugee Association.
- Public Policy PhD Student "Burned the Midnight Oil" to Complete Degree in Four Years
Colombian student Danny Garcia takes home diploma and program's award for excellence.
- Public Policy Dissertation Proposal Defense on Gentrification in Jamaica Plain
Jennifer Douglas will present her research proposal on real estate actors and policies in this Boston neighborhood.


text: by Michelle Gervais This is our driveway. If you parked your car in the back, you would walk this way to get to the front terrace and the front door. The overhanging tree on the left is a white-blooming Plumeria sp. During the last year, we have planted palm trees on both sides of the semi-circular driveway. Otherwise, this area is mostly planted in yellow daylilies, small pink shrub roses, Salvia leucantha or Mexican sage, orange Lantana camera, and burgundy-leafed cannas. (August) A couple of years ago (February 2012) we visited Cynthia Goodson's garden in Rwanda (HERE and HERE), and we all fell in love with it. At that time, she stressed that she couldn't take credit for the garden, since she'd moved there just months before. Well, she can certainly take credit now! She just sent in a slew of photos of what she's been up to for the past two years, and it's spectacular! She says, "We moved to this house in Kigali, Rwanda, in 2011. It is a diplomatic residence, so we use the terrace and garden for receptions and other large events fairly often. Over the last almost three years, we have made a number of changes to the garden, but the biggest were opening up the area in front of the terrace with grass and widening the planting beds along the larger lawn below. If you would like to know more about the garden, which we are actually leaving quite soon, please take a look at my blog, enclos*ure, and click on 'Our garden' under 'Categories' in the right-hand sidebar (or just click HERE). These photos were taken between April and November 2014." How can you bear to leave, Cynthia? The garden is stunning, and obviously took LOTS of inspiration and work. Thanks so much for hiving us an update! ***Cynthia sent in so many great photos that I couldn't whittle them down, so we'll spend two more days in her garden, welcoming in 2015! Stay tuned.... This is also along the driveway, looking to our acacia tree. There is a Ravenalas madagascariensis or traveler's palm behind it. You may want to compare these two photos to those of this area in this blog in 2012. (June) The planting beds in this area end in acute angles, so we finished them off with stone paving. (June) Another view of the acacia tree, which now has orchids growing between its branches. (April) Yellow-blooming orchids in the acacia tree. (November) Turning to the left from the last photo, this is the entrance to the terrace and the house. Sadly, the crape myrtle on the left side has never thrived (powdery mildew), and I think I will take it out and move the small palm tree between the pots (in the center) to that spot. The upper lawn in front of the terrace. When we arrived in 2011, there were 3' – 4' clipped hedges on either side of this space, with just a 3' wide grass path down the center. The columns were covered with vines. The arrangement made the terrace feel claustrophobic and obscured the wonderful view. (July) There are two retaining walls (3'-4' high) between the upper lawn and the lower lawn, with a planting bed between them. In this picture, from the right: an orange-blooming tropical hibiscus, orange Kniphofia uvaria, blue Evolvulus 'Blue Sapphire,' Graptopelum in pots, and yellow daylilies. (August) Turning around from the last photo – in the lower left corner: variegated ornamental ginger; and, in the middle: a large Croton bush (both growing in the middle planting bed between the two retaining walls. The grey-blue succulent is Kalanchoe, possibly "mother of millions," K. daigremontiana. There is a very large red-flowering Mussaenda erythrophylla vine (aka "Ashanti blood") growing up into the acacia tree. Its leaves and bracts look very much like a poinsettia. The acacia also had small white blooms in this photo. (April) The pink flowers on the left are Clerodendron thomsoniae var. delectum. It is a vine, which I have growing on 4' high supports. (April) An unidentified small shrub rose in the same area. (April) This is the space at the other end of the front terrace. Another Mussaenda is on the right. (June) View the discussion thread.


text:
Results 1 to 1 of 1
Thread: conexions at IDS
07-13-07, 14:22 #1Registered User
Provided Answers: 1
- Join Date
- Dec 2002
- Location
- Madrid - Spain
- Posts
- 427
Unanswered: conexions at IDS
I am using IDS 9.40 UC7 for AIX 5.2, IDS not finished conections. for example.
There are an user than gebin process, this process finish but in IDS the sesion continue active. if I execute onstat -g ses sesions id the sesions only have SET LOCK MODE TO WAIT.
Somebody can tell me what happend it.
Thanyou for you help.


text:
The Ghana Catholic Bishops Conference and the Christian Council of Ghana have charged government to fix challenges confronting the NHIS.
The Ghana Catholic Bishops Conference (GCBC) and the Christian Council of Ghana (CCG) have called on the government to deal with challenges associated with the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS).
A statement issued at the annual joint meeting Thursday signed by Most Rev. Joseph Osei-Bonsu, President of the Ghana Catholic Bishops' Conference and Rt. Rev. Professor Emmanuel Martey of the Christian Council that several health facilities are collapsing under the scheme which is a worry to most Ghanaians.
"We have followed with worry and anxiety all the happenings about the National Health Insurance Scheme and wish to state that we are very concerned about the sustainability of the Scheme if the current difficulties with it are not resolved expeditiously".
The statement added that, "The continuous and repeated failure to reimburse facilities on time, the incessant threats of service withdrawal by service providers, among others, continue to plague the Scheme. Our health facilities are collapsing under the Scheme and the frustration of both staff and patients is unbearable.
"In the present circumstances, therefore, we invite Government as a matter of urgency to come out to inform the citizenry about the true state of the Scheme and give us a clear roadmap for its sustainability or otherwise.
"We will equally appreciate a broad stakeholder consultation on the issue and we are ready to lead the process.
"Our institutions pioneered health insurance schemes in the country before it was adopted as a national policy".


text:
Alumni Association
The HPSHCC Alumni Association established since 2015 and acts as the bridge between the alumni and alma mater. Through providing and organizing a wide variety of events, activities, services and communications, we aim to bring the graduates a heartwarming experience and to keep all alumni involved in our College after leaving HPSHCC family.
3923 7061


text:
Tre colonne in cronaca Trailer (1990)
09 March 1990 100 mins
A Roman newspaper, directed by Landolfi (Volonte) comes up against the ambitions of Mr Spano and a financier Lombard, this Leporino (Ackland). The idea is to make the climb to the newspaper, but the attempt does not fail to leave the victims in the field. He died immediately a stockbroker and just after the Arab girl who killed him. Meanwhile, Commissioner Morisi (Dapporto) investigates.
Watch the official Tre colonne in cronaca 1990 trailer in HD below or find more Tre colonne in cronaca videos on Vidimovie.


text:
Virtually indestructible comb with unique colourgraphic tooth
A 178 mm (7 inch) cutting comb, made by Hercules Sägemann in Germany and identical to their Triumph Master 2.0 Profi Line series.
This hand-finished comb features:
Also available as part of a set of 4 CoolBlades Purple Combs.
Handy tool for removing debris, fluff and residual hair from your comb's teeth.
Revitalise your tools with our professional services
Copyright © 2005-2017 CoolBlades.


text:
(Natural News) Camping is one of the most popular outdoor recreational activities in the U.S. In order to properly enjoy it, it's best to always be prepared. Access to electricity can be limited. This is where solar-powered gadgets can be useful. An article from SolarPowerAuthority.com features a list of 10 solar-powered gadgets that campers should consider bringing….
Leave a Reply
Be the First to Comment!


text:
Thanks VITALMTB! You guys rule!
- Home
- Bike Checks
- Photos
- Videos
- Product
- News
- Forum
- Gear Club
Thanks VITALMTB! You guys rule!
This setup has 3 comments.
Bike of the Day November 17, 2015!
Where is the Insane Wayne clip?
This photo has 7 comments.
Mitch Ropelato 3:56:78
Rachel Atherton 4:33.33
This feature has 473 comments.
This photo has 3 comments.
Well, I hear there are some HUGE changes coming for XTR so it's just a thought. We'll see I suppose...
This photo has 20 comments.
Perhaps a 1 X 11 for Shimano??
This photo has 20 comments.
He said Nipple in her face....
This slideshow has 2 comments.
That's not a DH bike. I've seen one or two DH bikes in my day and they don't look like that. Should count. Disc wheel? Come one! And when did Santa turn into a winged astronaut?
This photo has 16 comments.
The Big S bottle cage is a nice touch.
This slideshow has 9 comments.
Deore brakes and shifters!! HAHAHAHA......FAIL!!!
This photo has 8 comments.
I was lucky enough to sit near him in the Shuttle van. Really cool and friendly dude and his bike was sick in person. I dig the murdered look.
This news blog has 40 comments.
What fork?
This photo has 2 comments.
It's funny how up in arms people are about this if you take a step back and look at the bigger picture and how much this impacts any of our lives. Racing bikes are these athletes jobs/careers/income/whathaveyou and a business just like any other. Pursuing an...more


text: Clearly, the Los Angeles Lakers aren't read to pass the torch to another Western Conference power. But when they are, the Oklahoma City Thunder are ready to take it. In an entertaining matchup between two elite teams -- and two supremely talented players -- the Lakers survived, taking a 2-0 lead in their first round series.


text:
I am very glad you are up and going to get more done in your life!
I've enjoyed your books, and hope you would write more someday!
I certainly wish I had the patience and determination as you seem to have! I am retired at 76 and with 10 grandkids I have plenty to do so I have to get my ass in gear! LOL
Your documentations on the model building are fantastic and serve as a model for others to take some ideas how to structure or re-structure their lives.
I have long been long interested in the Navy warships and had built several models in the past. USS FDR, USS Enterprise. My brother was in the Submarine Service but so far to date I haven't found the model of USS Bugara. I did find several website dedicated to her.
Great article and great models. Keep it up!
Sen Jack
Thanks so much,
I will be posting others as I move along. More posts to this thread as I finish this one, and then other threads for the others.
The Balao was the follow on to the Gato subs of World War II. They built over 120 of them and thus they are the largest numerical class of subs ever built by the US.
There are a lot of Gato class subs out there for sale in 1/700, 1/350,1/200 and I believe there is a monster one at 1/72 scale as well.
Yankee Models makes a resin Balao in 1/350 scale. It's retails at $60, but you can get it for $39.95 at Free Time Hobbies. Here's a link:
Resin is a little different to work with, but it turns out fine.
I believe Robin Models also makes a 1/350 scale resin kit.
Hobby Easy has that one (as do other suppliers) for under $50 bucks. Here's that link:
Hope that helps, I'll look for a plastic kit too.


text:
We recommend upgrading to the latest Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, or Firefox.
If you are using IE 9 or later, make sure you turn off "Compatibility View".
Handpicked brands for you
HNGN CLUB DAYS: BMW edition, Saturday 2/20! Our dude @coupeking and his crew are bringing out some seriously rad pieces of BMW Motorsport history, like this 3.0 CSL. Who's coming? #clearyourschedule


text:
Innova Lawn & Garden Tires
Your landscaping equipment is expensive and you need good tires that you can rely on to get the job done. Your individual gardening needs can be met by lawn and garden tires from Innova. They spread the weight of your gardening equipment evenly over the soil so you won't do damage while you're working on delicate surfaces. Innova makes its lawn and garden tires strong so that they don't get punctured when driving over rough surfaces.
- Air-Loc
- Alliance
- Amerityre
- Carlisle
- Cordovan
- Countrywide
- Deestone
- Del-Nat
- Duro
- Eldorado
- Galaxy
- Gladiator
- Goodyear
- Greenball
- Harvest King
- Hi Run
- Innova
- Jetzon
- Kenda
- Multi-Mile
- Nanco
- Power King
- Sigma
- Sutong
- Telstar
- Titan
- TracGard
- Wanda
How It Works
Shop Largest Tire Selection
Every Brand. Every Size.
Delivered 2-4 Days
Installed By You or an Expert
Innova :
Cayman Turf IA-8030
- Part Number: 22510880304
- Sidewall: TL
- Load Range: B (4 Ply)
$77.92 per tire
$311.68 Set of 4
Innova :
Cayman Turf IA-8030
- Part Number: 22951080304
- Sidewall: TL
- Load Range: B (4 Ply)
$81.92 per tire
$327.68 Set of 4
You are eligible for Instant discount per tire when you ship these tires to one of our Local Installers.
This tire is available in your area and we'll pass the savings on to you. Receive 100% when you ship these tires to one of our Local Delivery partners.