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Mainly from cell culture studies, a series of genes that have been suggested to be characteristic of different types of adipocytes have been identified. Here we have examined gene expression patterns in nine defined adipose depots: interscapular BAT, cervical BAT, axillary BAT, mediastinic BAT, cardiac WAT, inguinal WAT, retroperitoneal WAT, mesenteric WAT, and epididymal WAT. We found that each depot displayed a distinct gene expression fingerprint but that three major types of depots were identifiable: the brown, the brite, and the white. Although differences in gene expression pattern were generally quantitative, some gene markers showed, even in vivo, remarkable depot specificities: Zic1 for the classical BAT depots, Hoxc9 for the brite depots, Hoxc8 for the brite and white in contrast to the brown, and Tcf21 for the white depots. The effect of physiologically induced recruitment of thermogenic function (cold acclimation) on the expression pattern of the genes was quantified; in general, the depot pattern dominated over the recruitment effects. The significance of the gene expression patterns for classifying the depots and for understanding the developmental background of the depots is discussed, as are the possible regulatory functions of the genes.
- uncoupling protein 1
- PR domain containing 16
- sirtuins
- short stature homeobox 2
- carbonic anhydrase 3
the last few years have seen a paradigm shift with regard to the understanding of the origin of and relationship between adipose tissues. A series of investigations have demonstrated that brown and white adipocytes are not sister cells, but rather, brown adipocytes are closely related to myocytes, and both originate from a common "adipomyocyte" precursor (3, 32, 37). Furthermore, even among classical white adipocytes, it would seem that two types exist: the "genuine" white adipocytes and also "brite" adipocytes, a type of adipocyte that possesses the ability to express the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), which until recently was believed to be a unique marker for brown adipocytes, but does not otherwise possess the full molecular characteristics of brown adipocytes (17, 29, 32).
Based on investigations by us (29, 37, 41) and others (10, 13, 36, 38, 39, 43), a number of expressed genes that are suggested to characterize (or possibly determine) the different adipocyte lineages have been identified. However, most of the characterization of these markers has been performed in adipocyte cell cultures or in only a limited number of adipose tissues. Although there are clearly interpretation advantages of studying cell cultures, the underlying question must with time be approached: to which degree can the conclusions from the in vitro studies be extrapolated to in vivo conditions?
Therefore, in the present investigation, we have undertaken to examine a broad spectrum of the definable adipose depots of mice to extend the information concerning cell lineage markers to the physiology of the intact animal, allowing for the regulatory systems of the intact animal to influence the development of the adipose cells. Particularly, we have contrasted conditions where the brown and potentially "brite" adipose depots would be minimally stimulated (i.e., the mice are maintained at thermoneutrality and on a chow diet) with conditions where these tissue depots would be maximally adrenergically stimulated, i.e., in mammals in the maximally recruited state: mice that have been acclimated to cold for more than 3 wk.
We found that each adipose depot examined was characterized by a unique marker gene expression pattern. However, despite this, we conclude that it is possible to divide the depots into three main types, the classical brown adipose tissue (BAT) depots, the brite adipose tissue depots, and the ("genuine") white adipose tissue (WAT) depots, and to associate particular gene expressions patterns with these depots.
Sampling of Tissues
The experiments were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of North Stockholm. To avoid problems associated with differential gene expressions in inbred strains such as C57Bl/6 (17), and in continuation of our earlier studies, we used outbred Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) mice here. Male NMRI mice (6 wk old) obtained from a local supplier (B & K, Stockholm, Sweden) were housed at room temperature for ≥48 h after arrival and were then divided into two groups; one was transferred to 30°C and one to 4°C. Both groups had free access to food (chow: R70 Lactamin) and water. After 3 wk at the acclimation temperatures, the mice were euthanized, and samples from the brown and white adipose tissue depots (and muscle) detailed below were dissected out and immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen. The samples were taken from the central parts of each depot.
Adipose Tissue Depots Identified and Examined
Based on visual impression (and principally later confirmed by gene expression patterns), we identified the following adipose depots as being "brown" or "white." These depots are described here in some anatomic detail, because nomenclature is not always clear (Fig. 1).
Brownish depots.
Interscapular BAT (iBAT) was the largest brown adipose depot (≈200 mg), found as two symmetric depots above the shoulder blades. The back subcutaneous WAT (bsWAT; see below) was not included in the dissected iBAT.
Cervical BAT (cBAT) is a sausage-like depot (≈50 mg) submerged into a cavity of surrounding muscle tissue in the neck. This depot is the deep cervical since there is also a superficial cervical depot conjoint with the iBAT (6).
Axillary BAT (aBAT) is an intermuscular depot (≈100 mg) found directly beneath the scapulae (shoulder blades).
Mediastinic BAT (mBAT) is an intrathoraxic depot (≈10 mg) found in the mediastinum. The largest mass of the depot, which is used in this study, is in the arch of the aorta.
Mammals may have intercostal BAT depots (in between the ribs) (4); however, we could not identify such depots in mice.
Perirenal BAT (prBAT) is a depot embedding the major part of the renal hillum of the kidney, where the renal artery enters and the ureter and renal vein exit the kidney. We did not include this depot in this study.
Whitish depots.
Cardiac WAT (cWAT) is a thin visceral white depot (≈10 mg) lining the left ventricle of the heart down to the apex.
Inguinal WAT (iWAT) is often understood as the depot attached dorsally along the pelvis and skewed ventrally down on to the thigh of the hindlimb. This depot is routinely considered to represent subcutaneous adipose tissue in mice and is the largest subcutaneous depot (≈500 mg). This depot is also described as flank subcutaneous WAT (43) or posterior subcutaneous fat (divided into the dorsolumbar, inguinal, and gluteal portion) (6). The dorsolumbar portion can be regarded as dorsolumbar WAT, and it is often included together with the inguinal portion since there is no way to separate the two by eye (only in cold-acclimated mice does the dorsolumbar portion acquire a brown color, whereas the inguinal portion is much lighter brown). The third portion is the gluteal portion, which is a small depot close to the reproductive organs and close to but seemingly separated by a gap from the inguinal portion, potentially regarded as gluteal white adipose tissue. In this study, we consistently sampled the central portion. Therefore, the dorsolumbar and the gluteal portions were not included in this study.
Retroperitoneal WAT (rWAT) is a depot (≈200 mg) attached on the dorsal wall of the back, encapsuled in a thin membrane. This depot is not attached to the kidney or entangled with prBAT.
Mesenteric WAT (mWAT) is a visceral depot (≈500 mg) found embedded in the mesenterium lining the surface of the intestines.
Epididymal WAT (eWAT) is the largest visceral depot (≈700 mg) in male mice. This depot embeds the vas deferens, testicular arteries, and the epididymus. Most reports discussing visceral adipose tissue in (male) mice refer to this depot. Due to the presence of the vas deferens, this depot may be sensitive to contamination with tubular genes. Here we have only included the top portion of the depot.
bsWAT is the interscapular whitish adipose tissue found on top of iBAT (43). We found it difficult to include it as a genuine subcutaneous adipose tissue depot, since it is entangled with the interscapular BAT.
Anterior subcutaneous WAT (asWAT) is the bilateral superficial subcutaneous adipose tissue between the skin and muscle fascia posterior to the lower segment of the upper limbs (6, 33). We did not include this depot in this study.
Omental WAT (oWAT) is a visceral intra-abdominal depot visualized as a thin fat depot lined across the surface of the stomach that is not frequently investigated in mouse studies (26). We were not able to identify this depot, since young mice (9 wk) were used in this study.
We have not sampled the subdermal adipose tissue depots (the thin layer of fat on the inside of the skin) or intramuscular adipose tissue depots found within muscle bundles. As a representative muscle sample, we used the gastronemicus muscle from the hind leg.
RNA Isolation and Real-Time qPCR
Total RNA was extracted from frozen adipose tissue with Ultraspec (Biotecx, Houston, TX) according to the manufacturer's protocol, and RNA concentrations were measured on a Nanodrop nd-1000 spectrophotometer (Thermo-Scientific, Wilmington, DE). To synthesize cDNA, 200 ng RNA from each sample were reverse-transcribed with a High Capacity cDNA kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA) in a total volume of 10 μl and diluted to 200 μl. To measure each gene of interest (GOI), 4 μl of each cDNA sample was loaded in duplicate in SybrGreen Jumpstart Taq Ready-mix (Sigma-Aldrich) together with prevalidated, designed primers (Table 1) obtained by using the Universal Probe Library online site (Roche Applied Science) on a 7900HT Real-Time PCR System (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). All mRNA levels were normalized to transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) mRNA according to the comparative threshold method (CT method) (ΔCT). The equation 2−ΔCT was applied to convert the logarithmic ΔCT values to linear values.
For miR-206 microRNA measurements, total RNA was diluted to 5 ng/μl. In the microRNA-cDNA synthesis, 2.5 μl of these dilutions was reverse-transcribed in 3.5 μl of reaction mix and 1.5 μl of the miR-206-specific reverse-transcription primer (Table 1) provided with the MicroRNA Assay kit (Applied Biosystems); 1.2 μl of miRNA-specific cDNA from this reaction was amplified in duplicate with the TaqMan Gene Expression mastermix and the probe/primer mix provided in the MicroRNA Assay kit (Applied Biosystems) in the TaqMan qPCR system, as described above. TFIIB mRNA was used as an endogenous control; log- to linear-transformed microRNA/TFIIB mRNA expression ratios were calculated as described above for the GOI mRNA.
Reference Gene
As is customary in gene expression studies, all mRNA levels have been expressed here in relation to a reference gene expected to be equally expressed in all cells under all circumstances. The choice of reference gene is not trivial, because such genes may not be as stable in their expression as anticipated either between tissues or between different physiological conditions. We have chosen TFIIB as a reference gene. In Fig. 2, we have examined to which extent TFIIB fulfills the minimal requirement for being a reference gene in the present investigation. We observed that the expression level of TFIIB was fairly similar between the depots and was not markedly altered due to chronic cold.
In addition to the results presented here, an initial experiment performed on a number of adipose depots from another mouse strain (FVB/N) showed results qualitatively similar to those shown here.
For determination of markers in the adipose depots, we used tissues sampled from mice at thermoneutrality and fed a chow diet, i.e., conditions where the innate characteristics of the depots should be most markedly displayed, because the tissues are then under minimal adrenergic stimulation. As a contrast, we examined the depots from animals exposed to chronic cold. With regard to BAT, this condition is the one where this tissue is expected to most markedly display its characteristics due to chronic adrenergic stimulation. These samples thus represent the most recruited conditions.
The results below will thus clarify gene expression under these two markedly divergent physiological conditions. However, analysis of tissues obtained from an intact animal will necessarily add complexity to the analysis. In tissues the cells are not homogeneous, and the samples will not consist purely of parenchymal cells; rather, other cell types will unavoidably be present, including endothelial cells, blood cells, and cells from the immune system, etc. Additionally, even the parenchymal cells may be in different phases of development. Nonetheless, mature parenchymal cells should contribute a significant part.
With real-time PCR techniques, extremely low levels of mRNAs can be detected. Therefore, we find it of importance to present gene expression data in semi-absolute terms. Therefore, all data are expressed as the number of mRNAs of the GOI per mRNA for the chosen reference gene TFIIB. We found a very broad range of measurable expression levels, from 0.03 to 1,100 GOI mRNA per TFIIB mRNA, i.e., a >30,000-fold difference in relative mRNA abundance.
Below, we will examine the tissue expression pattern of a series of markers chosen primarily from those that we demonstrated earlier (37) to be markers for brown vs. white adipocytes in culture as well as those observed in rosiglitazone-induced white adipocyte cell cultures ("brite adipocytes") (29). We will start with the most brown-fat-associated markers and progress toward the brite and white markers.
A Classification of Adipose Tissues Based on Innate UCP1 Gene Expression
To make an initial classification of the different adipose tissue depots, we examined the expression levels of two genes well accepted as being associated with BAT, UCP1 and PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16).
As expected, UCP1 was not found in muscle (Fig. 3A). Under thermoneutral conditions, UCP1 was well expressed in only four depots of adipose tissue: the interscapular, the cervical, the axillary, and the mediastinal depots. Therefore, we will refer to these depots as BAT depots: iBAT, cBAT, aBAT, and mBAT. Acclimation to cold led to highly significant increases in the expression levels in these depots. However, the increase was only about twofold (Fig. 3A). This twofold difference may be considered less than expected but is in accordance with earlier observations under similar conditions (21); UCP1 mRNA levels in iBAT, expressed relative to total RNA, increase fivefold during the first days in the cold but then successively return toward initial levels. However, cold acclimation is also associated with a approximately threefold higher total RNA amount in the total tissue depot compared with thermoneutrality, leading to a totally ≈10-fold higher UCP1 mRNA amount in the BAT of cold-acclimated vs. thermoneutral mice (21). This leads to a total amount of UCP1 protein in the BAT that is 10- to 50-fold higher in cold-acclimated than in thermoneutral mice (2, 21). These studies together thus underline that alterations in UCP1 mRNA levels may be poor indicators of changes in the total capacity for thermogenesis of classical BAT depots based on the tenet that total UCP1 amounts in the tissues determine total thermogenic capacity (5).
In a further three depots of adipose tissue, the cardiac, the inguinal, and the retroperitoneal depots, UCP1 mRNA was practically undetectable under thermoneutral conditions but became fairly well expressed in cold-acclimated mice (Fig. 3A and Table 2). We will refer to these depots that are apparently "white" at thermoneutrality as cWAT, iWAT, and rWAT. We now classify these depots as "brite" depots in that (certain cells within) these tissues have the physiological ability to express UCP1 but do not always do so. That these depots have a potential capacity to express UCP1 under conditions of high adrenergic stimulation has been observed earlier (17, 42, 44), as comprehensively reviewed (18). It should be noted that the relative increases in UCP1 mRNA level are remarkably high in these depots, 12-fold in cWAT, 82-fold in iWAT, and 239-fold in rWAT (Table 2), but this reflects mainly the practical absence of expression in the nonrecruited state. These relative increases are clearly impressive as such, but it is clear from Fig. 3A and Table 2 that even such high increases result only in UCP1 mRNA levels that are still lower than the levels found in unstimulated classical BAT and about an order of magnitude lower than those found in classical BAT under the same conditions.
Finally, we identified two depots in which no UCP1 appears at all at the figure resolution given here, the mesenteric and the epididymal adipose tissues (Fig. 3A); these tissues will be referred to as WAT (mWAT and eWAT). Given the ability of qPCR to detect small levels of mRNA, there are apparently measurable levels of UCP1 mRNA even in those depots (Table 2), but these expression levels are, even when highest, still 100-fold lower than the innate levels in BAT. Cold-induced increases in epididymal UCP1 mRNA levels have been reported earlier but only as relative increases (20). However, it may be noted that within the adipocyte precursor population that can be harvested from the epididymal depots, adipocytes with "brite" characteristics can be observed (29).
Prdm16 (also known as MEL1) was identified as one of three transcription factors expressed in iBAT but not in eWAT (34). In the tissues examined here, it can be seen that this difference (or at least a difference in expression of more than an order of magnitude) between the examined tissues could be broadened to all brown depots vs. all white depots. In the brite depots, the expression was in between that in the brown and that in the white depots (Fig. 3B).
In the BAT depots, cold acclimation led to a systematic decrease in Prdm16 gene expression, the significance of which is not known; such a depression was not seen in the brite and white depots (Fig. 3B). In cell culture experiments, Prdm16 gene expression is not enhanced when differentiation is promoted with a PPARγ agonist (29), and acute norepinephrine stimulation leads to a diminished expression (our unpublublished observations) while increasing UCP1 expression (29). The general conclusion from these observations would be that the Prdm16 expression level does not directly relate to the recruitment status of the brown adipocytes.
In the brite tissues, cold acclimation is not associated with a higher level of Prdm16 gene expression (Fig. 3B), despite the recruitment of the brite cells, as seen by the large increase in UCP1 expression (Fig. 3A and Table 2). This again implies that it is not Prdm16 levels as such that determine the degree of brite cells differentiation, although Prdm16 may be necessary for the differentiation process (33).
Prdm16 has been considered to be a master regulator in the bifurcation between the myocyte and the brown adipocyte fates in the developmental pathway of the adipomyocyte, principally turning off the myogenic pathway (7, 8, 32). In addition, Prdm16 is now also considered to be involved in the differentiation of the brite cells, cells that do not originate from the adipomyocyte precursors within the dermomyotome (32, 33). Prdm16 is also expressed in the lung, heart, placenta, and kidney as well as in leukocytes and bone marrow cells (22), and it is expressed in a broad range of developing tissues (19). Thus, it would seem that Prdm16 has a broad role in the development (and perhaps proliferation) of a series of different cell types, apparently in certain cases, such as brown and brite adipocytes, delineating the developmental pathway a certain cell will embark on.
Myogenic Factors
It was our observation of myogenic markers in undifferentiated cultured brown adipocytes (and their absence in undifferentiated cultured white adipocytes) that originally allowed us to suggest that brown and white adipocytes originate from distinct cell lineages (37). The myogenic mRNA markers were just that, i.e., markers; we did not observe products of the muscle-associated genes at the protein level. The expression level of the myogenic markers decreases with advancing differentiation of the brown adipocytes and has disappeared in fully differentiated brown adipocytes. Here we examined to what extent myogenic markers would be observable in vivo in the adipose depots, perhaps reflecting the undifferentiated precursor component in the tissues of adipomyocyte origin.
Myosin regulatory light chain (Mylpf) is a muscle-associated structural gene expressed in cultured brown adipocytes (40). We observed some Mylpf gene expression in all of the BAT depots [in extension of our earlier findings (40)] (Fig. 4A). However, although Mylpf expression was somewhat higher in the BAT depots than in the brite depots, and >10-fold higher than in the white adipose depots, the level was still some 1,000-fold lower than in muscle. Because the expression of the myogenic genes disappears in maturating brown adipocytes, low levels would be expected in the tissues, but the Mylpf mRNA observed may correspond to the small fraction of undifferentiated brown precursors found in the brown depots. The tendency toward higher expression in brite than in white depots is not readily explainable, because there is evidence that these depots are not of adipomyocyte origin based on cell lineage studies tracing cells that had at some time expressed the myogenic regulatory factor Myf5 (32). We did not measure Myf5 here, since this gene was practically undetectable (i.e., had even lower levels) in iBAT than those discussed above (40).
MicroRNA 206 (miR-206) is a "myomir" (i.e., a miRNA normally associated with muscle cells) that is also expressed in cultured brown adipocytes (but not in white) (29, 41). miR-206 is thus part of the myogenic signature of brown adipocytes. In contrast to what is the case for those myogenic markers that are mRNAs, miR-206 levels do not decline during brown adipocyte differentiation (29, 41), and therefore, they could function potentially as permanent markers of depots of adipomyocyte origin. We found that miR-206 levels were generally somewhat higher in BAT depots than in the other adipose depot but were some 100-fold lower than in muscle (Fig. 4B). However, the differences between the adipose depots were not such that miR-206 could be used as an unequivocal marker for depots of adipomyocyte origin. The TaqMan miR-206 reagents yield a substantial miR-206 signal already in myoblasts, and this signal is not diminished when using antagomirs toward miR-206 (unpublished observations).
There was practically no effect of cold acclimation on these muscle-associated genes. Thus, based on myogenic markers, it was possible to discern differences between BATs of adipomyocyte origin and the brite and white depots, but the differences were not of the qualitative character observed in cell cultures (29, 37, 41), and therefore, there is no marker identified that allows for definitive identification of adipose depots with an adipomyocyte origin in the adult mouse.
Gene Markers That Did Not Show Depot Specificity
In our characterizations of differential gene expression in brown and white adipocyte cultures, a series of genes could qualitatively be associated with each cell type. However, as detailed below, two of these markers did not demonstrate a corresponding depot specificity in vivo; one of the genes was brown specific in vitro, and one was white specific in vitro.
Mesenchyme homeobox 2 (Meox2; also known as Gax) is well expressed in cultured brown adipocytes but not in cultured white adipocytes (29, 37). However, Meox2 showed no differential expression between the different adipose depots (Fig. 5A). In cold-acclimated mice, the expression was systematically repressed in all brown and brite depots but was unaffected in white depots. Meox2 is expressed in smooth muscle (16) and suppresses angiogenesis (15, 28). If the expression seen in all adipose depots is primarily from the vascular cells, the repression seen in cold acclimation may be related to the intensive angiogenesis occurring in brown and brite depots during cold acclimation (42). The reason why brown adipocytes express Meox2 in culture, whereas white adipocytes do not, is not clear but may relate to oxygen sensing, because brown adipocytes are geared genomically to be part of a highly vascular tissue on stimulation.
The Meox genes are essential for development of several tissues; in Meox1/2 double-knockouts, a characteristic feature is the disappearance of both hypaxial muscles and BAT (25), principally in accordance with these tissues originating from the same precursors.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 is expressed specifically in cultured white preadipocytes and in differentiated white adipocytes compared with brown adipocytes (and C2C12 muscle cell lines) (29, 37). However, also for this gene we found no clear depot specificity (Fig. 5B).
Among the genes examined here, which were selected on the basis of earlier in vitro characterizations, only these two genes fully lost their cell lineage characteristic when examined in vivo. There is evidently a possibility that the genes are expressed in cell types other than the depot parenchymal cells and that such cell types dominate the expression.
Novel Brown Gene Markers That Are BAT Depot Specific
Lim homebox 8 is expressed specifically in cultured brown adipocytes compared with both white adipocytes and the C2C12 muscle cell line (29, 37). The present analysis showed that it was absent from muscle but well expressed in iBAT and cBAT and less expressed in the other adipose depots. In eWAT it was also absent (Fig. 6A).
Zinc fingers in the cerebellum 1 (Zic1) is expressed specifically in cultured brown adipocytes but is absent in cultured white adipocytes (29, 37). In vivo, Zic1 showed a remarkably distinct expression pattern; it was well expressed in the classical BAT depots but was totally absent from brite and white adipose depots and was not found in muscle (Fig. 6B). Thus it displayed a brown fat specificity exceeding that of Prdm16 (and even UCP1).
This very distinct expression pattern not only makes Zic1 the marker of choice to identify classical BAT depots but also indicates that Zic1 expression could be important for brown adipocyte differentiation or function. However, there are presently no experiments demonstrating such functions of Zic1.
A Brown/Brite Depot-Selective Gene Marker
T-box 15 (Tbx15) is a brown adipocyte marker gene compared with white adipocytes (37). The qualitative distinction observed between the brown and white adipocyte expression in vitro was paralleled here by the presence of Tbx15 in the brown depots (but not in the mediastinal depot) and its total absence in the white depots (Fig. 7). However, Tbx15 was also well expressed in the inguinal brite depot, less so in the retroperitoneal depot, and not in the cardiac depot; all expression levels were much lower than in muscle. Tbx15 levels tended to be repressed by cold acclimation. This observation extends those of Gesta et al. (13), who concluded that Tbx15 was expressed specifically in mouse subcutaneous adipose tissue (apparently the inguinal depot) in contrast to the visceral, intra-abdominal adipose tissue depot (the epididymal depot). Particularly, we find that the expression is not specific for inguinal adipose tissue but is equally high in the brown depots despite the different developmental origin of these depots.
The expression patterns may be said to adhere to the discussed roles of Tbx15 as a repressor of adipogenesis and mitochondriogenesis (12), e.g., in that the level of Tbx15 is decreased during cold acclimation when mitochondriogenesis is activated, although this has not as yet been confirmed in primary cultures.
Brite Adipocyte Gene Markers
Two of the examined genes display remarkable brite depot specificity (Fig. 8).
Homeobox C9 (Hoxc9) was described by us originally as white adipocyte specific (29, 37). However, in white adipocyte cultures, Hoxc9 mRNA levels are significantly upregulated by rosiglitasone treatment (that promotes brite adipocytes) (29). Within the adipose tissues, Hoxc9 was found in the brite depots, but it was not increased by cold acclimation, so its expression did not parallel the induction of UCP1 in the brite depots. It was less expressed in white depots. Hoxc9 was not expressed at all in brown depots, in agreement with Yamamoto et al. (43).
Short stature homeobox 2 (Shox2) has been described as being expressed in flank WAT but not in eWAT (13, 43). Here, we find Shox2 being nearly selectively expressed in iWAT.
White Adipocyte Gene Markers That Are White/Brite Depot Specific
A series of genes were observed to be white adipocyte specific in cell culture (37). These genes include homeobox C8 (Hoxc8), transcription factor 21 (Tcf21), inhibin B (Inhbb), and dermatopontin (Dpt). Here, we examined the expression of these markers in the different tissue depots (Fig. 9, A–D). These markers could broadly be described as being well expressed in the white depots and also well expressed in the brite depots but poorly or not expressed in the brown depots. Cold acclimation led to a reduction in the expression levels of all of these genes. Concerning the white depots, this is remarkable because cold acclimation has not generally been expected to have such effects on genuine WAT depots.
Hoxc8 has been described as being expressed specifically in abdominal (i.e., epididymal) compared with subcutaneous adipose tissue (13). We could not confirm such a qualitative difference (Fig. 9A).
As seen, Tcf21 is the closest we can come to a white fat-specific gene, being highly expressed in eWAT.
Carbonic Anhydrase 3
Carbonic anhydrase 3 (Ca3) is found in BAT (and muscle) (24) and is downregulated in mouse BAT by cold exposure (10). We did not find a tissue-selective expression pattern for this gene, but we observed repression due to cold acclimation specifically in brown and brite depots but not in white depots (Fig. 10). It has been stated that Ca3 protein may constitute 24% of the total protein content of white adipocytes (1). Principally in agreement with this, only Ca3 mRNA levels reached the mRNA levels observed for UCP1, i.e., hundreds of mRNAs per TFIIB mRNA. A functional role for this abundant protein has still not been identified.
The Sirtuins
The sirtuins are a family of seven class III histone/protein deacetylases. The sirtuins function as redox sensors by responding to shifts in NAD+/NADH levels. In different contexts, some of the sirtuins have been suggested to be of relevance with respect to adipocyte precursor fate.
Sirtuin 1.
Based on a comparison of the altered gene expression caused by sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) overexpression in myoblasts (11) and the altered gene expression occurring during brown adipocyte differentiation (37), we earlier pointed to Sirt1 as a potential regulator in the differentiation of the adipomyocyte precursor into a brown adipocyte (37). Furthermore, Sirt1 could function as a repressor of myogenic factors. However, here we observed similar Sirt1 mRNA levels in all adipose depots as well as in muscle, and the expression did not change as an effect of acclimation to cold (Fig. 11A). Thus, if Sirt1 is involved in repression of the myogenic genes, this effect is not caused by alterations in the mRNA expression level of the Sirt1 gene. In agreement with this, Sirt1 mRNA and protein levels are not well correlated (30). Sirt1 activity may also be regulated posttranslationally (31), and stimulation of Sirt1 by SRT1720 leads to recruitment of BAT (9). Thus, it cannot be excluded that Sirt1 may be involved in the myocyte/brown adipocyte bifurcation.
Sirt3 mRNA levels are high in mature brown adipocytes, in contrast to mature white adipocytes and brown and white preadipocytes (37). We found Sirt3 mRNA to be expressed somewhat higher in brown fat depots than in other adipose depots but found no effect of cold acclimation (Fig. 11B). Sirt3 has been observed earlier to be low in WAT but high in BAT and reported to be increased in response to cold exposure (35) controlled by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) (14). Overexpression of Sirt3 enhances the expression of UCP1, PGC-1α, and mitochondrial genes (35). However, Sirt3-knockout mice have normal energy expenditure and unaltered UCP1 protein levels (23). A specific role for Sirt3 gene expression in brown adipocyte differentiation is not supported by our observations.
Similarly to the case for Sirt3, we found rather similar levels of Sirt5 mRNA in all depots examined, and the expression was not systematically altered by cold acclimation (Fig. 11C). Sirt5 gene expression has been reported elsewhere to be upregulated by cold exposure in BAT (35).
Thus, although sirtuins have been suggested to be involved in the regulation of BAT recruitment, it does not seem that such a regulation is based on regulation of mRNA expression level either between adipose tissues or during cold acclimation. Thus, any involvement of sirtuins in BAT recruitment would have to take place at the posttranscriptional level.
In the present study, we have investigated the depot-specific expression of a series of adipocyte markers, identified earlier in in vitro studies as being particularly associated with brown, white, or brite adipocytes, and we have established the effect of recruitment state on these expression levels. Although we found that expression patterns in vivo were not as distinctive as those observed earlier in cell culture systems, we can point to several markers as being particularly informative. All investigated depots present their own unique patterns, but the depots can reasonably be divided into three main types: the brown, the brite, and the white depots. The marker genes characterized here point to separate lineages for these different depots. Understanding the lineages and characteristics of the different depots may advance experimental design in future studies and lead toward an ability to differentially affect different depots therapeutically.
Certain Gene Expression Observations Stand Out
Concerning most of the genes examined here, mainly quantitative differences were observed between the depots. However, a few genes displayed expression patterns with a qualitative difference between depots.
Zic1 gene expression was found to be extremely specific for the three classical brown adipose tissue depots, much more so than Prdm16 and even UCP1 (Fig. 6B). Zic1 was expressed at a reasonably high level (∼1/10 the level of Prdm16). These observations would suggest that Zic1 has a functional role in the determination of the classical brown adipocytes, but there are presently no functional studies relating Zic1 expression to brown adipocyte determination, differentiation, or function.
Hoxc9 is remarkably specific for the brite adipose tissue depots, being fully absent from the brown adipose tissue depots (Fig. 8A). Hoxc8 is found both in white and brite adipose depots but is downregulated when the animal is cold acclimated (Fig. 9A). Concerning the homeobox genes, it is not presently possible to distinguish whether the expression of these genes should be seen only as (a memory of) positional markers (which would mean that all white and brite adipose tissue depots may originate from a narrow range of segments during development) or whether they still have functions in determination of the phenotype of the cells.
Tcf21 is the gene closest to being a selective white adipose depot marker (Fig. 9B).
The Classification of Depots
A thorough examination of the data presented here clearly indicates that the initial division into brown, brite, and white tissues does not imply that the different depots within these divisions are identical. Concerning each gene examined, differences in expression level may be discussed. To visualize the differences between the different depots, in Fig. 12 we have created tissue fingerprints. These fingerprints were made in the way that the level of gene expression in iBAT of each gene was set to 1. The expression in all other depots was expressed in relation to this. Genes were then ordered on the basis of their relative expression in the most white adipose tissue, eWAT, vs. that in iBAT (see Table 3) and depicted (on a logarithmic scale).
As seen in Fig. 12A, in the mature state there is not much similarity between muscle and brown adipose tissue despite the fact that they both originate from the same precursors. In the nonrecruited state, within the traditional brown adipose tissue depots, the similarity between iBAT and cBAT is very high, and aBAT is not much different. However, mBAT displays a fingerprint that is quite different from the classical brown adipose tissue depots but not really skewed toward the eWAT pattern. On the basis of this and the individual gene expression data, it would seem that mBAT is distinct from the classical BAT depots.
The expression pattern in all WAT depots in the nonrecruited state is qualitatively different from that of the BAT depots and is rather similar to the eWAT pattern. When the BAT depots are examined under recruited conditions where the tissues have been chronically adrenergically stimulated, they become more similar in gene expression. Formally, this can be calculated as a decrease in SE (of the logarithmitized values) from 0.37 to 0.27 in cBAT and from 0.52 to 0.25 in aBAT [but only 0.85 to 0.82 in mBAT (Hoxc8 values excluded)]. Even in the recruited state, the expression profiles of the brite sites are still closer to the eWAT pattern, demonstrating a maintained qualitative difference between these depots and the BAT depots. However, these depots, particularly the iWAT, tend to move toward a brown fat fingerprint in the cold-acclimated mice (iWAT SE from 1.18 to 1.00).
The white depots were clearly different from the brown, and there was no tendency that the expression pattern moved toward the brown in cold-acclimated mice.
Thus, in general, the effects of recruitment were less prominent than the differences between the depot types.
The Relationship Between the Depots
We have used the expression "brite depots" here to functionally identify the depots that express UCP1 in the recruited state and, e.g., lack Zic1 expression. It is clear that the depots functionally defined here as "brites," based primarily on their ability to express UCP1, include (or are identical with) the depots that are referred to anatomically as subcutaneous and that the white depots functionally classified here as those that do not express UCP1, even in the recruited state, anatomically include those that are referred to as visceral. It may be noted that routinely in the literature, observations, e.g., of gene expression patterns from just one tissue depot are extrapolated to be valid to all "subcutaneous" or "visceral" depots or to all brown vs. white depots. It is clear from our data that such extrapolations may be valid but often are not.
We had observed earlier that about 10% of the preadipocytes isolated from eWAT from outbred NMRI mice could be experimentally forced to display UCP1 expression (29). It is clear that this ability is not displayed in vivo even under strong recruitment conditions such as those examined here. Thus, adequate physiological stimuli do not reach this population in the epididymal depots (but this does not exclude that pharmaceutical agents may have such a "britening" effect even in the visceral depots). However, in the brite depots, which also lack the specific BAT markers such as Zic1, physiological stimulation is sufficient to allow for expression of the brite phenotype.
The tenet has been promoted that all adipose tissue depots should be seen as one organ, i.e., "the adipose organ" (6). It will be understood that our data are not fully in compliance with this notion. It seems clear to us that in the mouse there is a qualitative difference between the various brown adipose tissue depots and the various white adipose tissue depots. Even the fact that precursors derived from classical brown (interscapular) and white (epididymal) adipose tissues develop differently given identical culture conditions (27) point to innate differences between these tissues. Direct comparative studies of cells cultured from brite depots compared with white depots are scarce but would help in delineating which differences between the depots are cell autonomous and which are secondary to local factors being different between depots.
Perhaps to a higher extent than expected, the gene expression patterns established from studies of adipose cells in primary culture remain as distinctions when the cells are found in their natural environment. However, it is clearly so that it is not realistic to think of adipose tissues as being either brown or white or even brown, brite, or white. Rather, each depot displays gene expression patterns that characterize that particular depot and probably determine its functional character as well.
The work was supported by grants from the the Swedish Research Council and the BBSRC, UK (BB/G013128/1).
No conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise, are declared by the authors.
Present address of T. B. Walden: Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, SE-751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Copyright © 2012 the American Physiological Society


text:
Peace Wall Removal
Community Celebrates Peace Wall Removal
Residents at a North Belfast interface hold a celebration event to mark a new era after the removal of a 30 year old Peace Wall.
Residents at a North Belfast interface hold a celebration event to mark a new era after the removal of a 30 year old Peace Wall.
A strategy for the International Fund for Ireland 2016-2020
The Peace Impact Programme (PIP) is delivering real and positive community transformation. Find out more.
Follow us on Twitter for the latest news and updates on events - @fundforireland
2015 was a landmark year for the Fund. Click here to read our year in review.
The Peace Impact programme is delivering sensitive interventions in communities that have not previously, or have only partially, participated in peace building and reconciliation activities.
The Peace Walls Programme focuses on helping interface communities to bring about the conditions that can allow for the removal of Peace Walls. Click here to read more.
The latest edition of our newsletter looks at commmunities taking risks for peace.
Official Opening of Bush Old Schoolhouse, Cooley Peninsula
Restored building provides unique cross-community resource
On Saturday 24th August, local residents and community representatives came together to celebrate the official opening of the restored Bush Old Schoolhouse, located on the Cooley Peninsula. Originally built in 1844, the Old Schoolhouse which remained unused for almost 40 years, since the school closed in the 1960s, now acts as a cross-community resource designed to promote good relations, shared history and reconciliation in the area. The venue is available for a variety of uses such as social gatherings, meetings, training, workshops, exhibitions and charity events.
The project is the brainchild of a group of parishioners from the adjacent Bush Church, who in 2006 decided to restore the building which was in very poor condition so that it could be used and enjoyed by the entire community. The newly formed Bush Old Schoolhouse Trust sought the help of various bodies and local community over that time and succeeded in receiving donations and grants from a range of sources including local people and businesses, the Peace and Reconciliation Fund, Louth County Council Conservation Fund, Department of Foreign Affairs Reconciliation Fund, Church of Ireland Priorities Fund, The Cooley Vintage Committee and principally the International Fund for Ireland.
Speaking at the opening Rose Mary Farrell, Board Member of the International Fund for Ireland, said: "The Fund is committed to the long-term task of breaking down traditional barriers and helping to build positive relations and contact between the two main communities on the island of Ireland. That is why we are proud to be associated with the Bush Old Schoolhouse which provides a valuable cross community resource for both young and old in the local community. I would like to congratulate the members of the Trust and the wider community for their dedication and hard work in driving this project to fruition and I wish you every success for the future".
Ms Farrell also expressed a collective thanks to the international donors who have supported the work of the International Fund for Ireland for more than twenty-five years – the United States of America, the European Union, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
Alan Bothwell, Bush Old Schoolhouse Trust, said: "The response from the local community to fundraising efforts was immense as was the response from various agency and bodies. I would like to thank everyone most sincerely for their support in this project which symbolises what can be achieved when people work together. The Old Schoolhouse is a wonderful asset to be enjoyed by the entire community and it is very apt that a building built as a school once filled with youthful energy can have a new lease of life and be enjoyed by young and old alike".

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The new Forrestal Village Fitness is a full service, world-class facility, located in Plainsboro Township. This 73,000 sqft wellness and fitness center is so spacious, it comfortably houses all the equipment, classes, and programming needed to fit any member's fitness level and goals, without sacrificing personal space or privacy.
Members enjoy the latest in fitness equipment, cutting edge group fitness classes, and aquatics, as well as programming and special events for all ages. Convenient hours and thoughtful class scheduling allows members to achieve their goals during times that best meet personal needs. And, daily childcare means parents can enjoy the same freedom while children relish in the fun and safe environment of our kids' area.
Our Core Values:
- Provide an upscale and exceptionally positive fitness experience for everyone, from novice to expert.
- Keep member satisfaction our highest priority.
- Value each and every member, focusing on their individual and collective wants and needs.
- Create a fitness experience that consistently exceeds expectations and maximizes loyalty.
- Make wellness and fitness a fun and exciting experience that encourages members to look forward to their next visit.
For more information about our fitness center, classes or membership, contact us today.


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Martin's Point Cottage
Cottage, Port Fairy
Rated 4.5 out of 5 stars 19 reviews
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From $133 per night {{quote.pricing.message}} Total {{quote.pricing.price | format:'currency':'short'}} for
Min 2 - 4 nights stay
Martin's Point Cottage is ideal for a romantic getaway. Couples will enjoy strolling along the historic Port Fairy wharf, taking in the sights of the beautiful Moyne River. Stroll to the famous lighthouse or wander half a block to the famous Merrijig Inn a two chef's hat restaurant and indulge in a first-class gourmet meal.
A Family Getaway
With its convenient central location, you will be able to lock the car and stroll around everything Port Fairy has to offer. The beautiful Moyne River is just across the road, as is an extensive children's playground and family BBQ area.
Child-friendly Pea Soup Beach is a 5 minute walk from the cottage and the ever-popular East Beach is a 10 minute walk. Just meters from your door you have the convenience of the Wisharts Wharf family restaurant or fish and chip shop specialising in fresh local seafood.
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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
43.40 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Campanile Narbonne is offering 62 nicely furnished rooms to stay in to those seeking accommodation in Narbonne. The bar can be an ideal place for a meeting or a pleasant evening talk. The exact scope of services offered by Campanile Narbonne (including those for an extra fee) is available on the information sheet below.
Payment For the reservation you may need to provide advance payment by credit card or credit card guarantee, depending on the exact date, room and price.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest arrival time is 12:00, the latest time to leave the rooms is 12:00. The personnel of the hotel can speak in French and English with you.
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Mouse Backpack and assorted Pouch
Just arrived! Fall Winter 2016 Collection
Amazing set ! Mouse Backpack and assorted Pouch
- in PU Leather
- Bag with double outside zipper
- outside pocket in front of the Bag
- Big capacity but compact
- Backpack dimensions H 30 cm x W 22 cm x D 11cm
You will love this Mouse Backpack set for any occasion, store everything!
in 4 trendy Colors: Grey, Black, light Pink or light Blue
See also our Cat Backpack + assorted Pouch
We buy directly from manufacturers. That is the reason we can offer you very competitive prices.
We ship worldwide. Average delivery times:
- USA : 1 to 3 weeks
-Europe and Rest of World : 2 to 6 weeks
We offer Free Shipping on all International orders from 49 € !
Thank you for shopping with us.
Your Sweety Cat Boutique Team
We offer you 90 days satisfaction guarantee.
If your Product arrived damaged or broken ,you can return us your article and we will refund you (please send us picture).
Thank you for contacting us by email before your return:
We are here to help you!
If you have any question you can contact us by email:
or directly from our shop by message to our Facebook page.
- in English
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- in Italiano
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Your Sweety Cats Boutique Team


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Wireless Test Equipment
TxDOT Laredo Deploys Additional Intuicom Wireless SolutionsNov 19, 2016
Intuicom Facilitates High-speed, Secure Traffic Data Communications for Signal Interconnects
Boulder, CO - (November 17, 2016)-Intuicom®, Incorporated, a premier supplier of wireless solutions to the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) market, announced today that the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) Laredo has enhanced their wireless traffic communications network with... Read More
Anybus Wireless Bolt configures and connects smart devices to WLAN or Bluetooth.Oct 05, 2016
Mounted on a machine or cabinet, Anybus Wireless Bolt facilitates wireless access via WLAN, Bluetooth or Bluetooth Low Energy. Enabling configuration via a regular tablet or smartphone, wireless bolt allows Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) to a machine and use it as an HMI, as well as to connect a machine to a cloud service. Anybus Bolt features a wireless range of up to 100 meters, and communicates... Read More
UK Town Increases Surveillance Network Speed with Siklu's Millimeter Wave SolutionSep 29, 2016
Siklu's multi-gigabit millimeter wave solution delivers interference-free, fiber-like wireless connectivity to cameras throughout Oakham, UK FORT LEE, NEW JERSEY - September 21, 2016 - Siklu Inc., the global market leader in millimeter-wave solutions, announced today it was selected by the Oakham Council in the UK to provide the wireless connectivity solution that ensures uninterrupted... Read More
Wireless Network Module offers Serial and Ethernet modes.May 17, 2016
Employing Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping technology, bi-directional WNM Wireless Network Module provides wireless communications link between field sites that are rugged or impassable terrain, with single unit transmitting for up to 30 miles and ability to act as repeater for virtually unlimited transmission range. Operating at standard frequencies of 902–928 MHz or 2.4–2.4835 GHz, module... Read More
Intuicom Awarded Major ITS Communications System UpgradeApr 14, 2015
City of Pueblo Based Decision on Throughput and Efficiency Boulder, CO – Intuicom, Incorporated, a premier supplier of wireless solutions to the Traffic and Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) market, announced today that it has been awarded the Traffic Signal Communication System upgrade by the City of Pueblo, Colorado. The award, made in conjunction with Intuicom's Technology... Read More
FreeWave Technologies Helps Energy and Utility Companies Bridge IoT Solutions at ENTELEC 2015Apr 10, 2015
Trusted wireless M2M communications company focuses on helping oil and gas, utility and pipeline companies connect all industrial sensors across critical M2M applications HOUSTON - ENTELEC (Booth #818) - FreeWave Technologies (www.freewave.com), a leader in industrial, secure Machine-to-Machine (M2M) and Internet of Things (IoT) wireless networking solutions,... Read More
xG Technology Announces Successful Deployment of xMax Pilot Network for BayRICS in Three California MunicipalitiesApr 10, 2015
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NAPCO Security Technologies to Exhibit at ISC WestApr 03, 2015
Company to Demonstrate Latest Security Products at Booth 12043 at the Sands Expo Center in Las Vegas AMITYVILLE, N.Y. – NAPCO Security Technologies, Inc. (Nasdaq: NSSC), one of the world's leading providers and manufacturers of high-technology electronic intrusion security, connected home, video and fire systems, as well as enterprise-class access control and door locking products, today... Read More
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Experience QEOS' Millimeter-Wave Solutions with GLOBALFOUNDRIES at the 2015 International Wireless SymposiumApr 01, 2015
SHENZHEN, China – IWS 2015 - QEOS, Inc., a leading provider of connectivity and sensing CMOS millimeter-wave solutions, will be showcasing its groundbreaking QW6032 product at GLOBALFOUNDRIES' booth #220 during the 2015 International Wireless Symposium. The QW6032 is the industry's first all-CMOS 60GHz wireless solution co-designed with high-performance antennas in a proven volume... Read More
Tier 1 African Operator Expands Its Ceragon-based Backbone with the IP-20 Platform to Provide Connectivity to Rural RegionsMar 26, 2015
Unprecedented operational efficiency achieved by utilizing Ceragon's unique multicore and high power radio technologies PARAMUS, New Jersey – Ceragon Networks Ltd. (NASDAQ: CRNT), the #1 wireless backhaul specialist, today announced that a Tier 1 mobile operator in Africa is investing approximately $4 million to expand its large scale Ceragon-based backbone network, deploying the IP-20... Read More
Toyota Industrial Equipment to Partner With I.D. Systems on New Wireless Vehicle Management System (VMS)Mar 26, 2015
CHICAGO - Toyota Material Handling, U.S.A., Inc., the North American division of the world's largest lift truck manufacturer, and I.D. Systems, Inc. (Nasdaq:IDSY), a leading global provider of wireless solutions for the Industrial Internet of Things, have executed a strategic partnership agreement to develop and deploy a new wireless industrial Vehicle Management System (VMS). The new VMS... Read More
EFJohnson Unveils New P25 Multi-Band Mobile Radio at IWCEMar 24, 2015
IRVING, Texas, – EF Johnson Technologies, Inc. introduced its next generation Viking® VM900 multi-band TDMA mobile at the International Wireless Communications Exhibition, March 18-19 at the Las Vegas Convention Center. Karthik Rangarajan, vice president of marketing stated, "Designed with all of the critical, open-standards based public safety features, the Viking VM900 multi-band mobile... Read More
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Wireless communications company specializing in the industrial Machine-to-Machine industry for more than 20 years helps enterprises, utilities, municipalities and first responders perform a wide range of critical applications LAS VEGAS - IWCE (Booth #2230) - FreeWave Technologies (www.freewave.com), a leader in industrial, secure Machine-to-Machine (M2M) and... Read More
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Visteon Showcases Solutions to Improve Value of Connected Car at 2015 Mobile World CongressMar 02, 2015
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text:
Nizhalgal Trailer (1980)
06 November 1980 Drama, Romance, Family 117 mins
A story of three young friends who are unemployed and stricken by poverty finding it hard to make ends meet. They are endowed with the never-say-die spirit and refuse to heed their parents advice to look for menial jobs. They continue to pursue their dreams no matter what comes. The shadows of these youngsters can be found abundantly in our society.
Watch the official Nizhalgal 1980 trailer in HD below or find more Nizhalgal videos on Vidimovie.


text:
Bowen Archangel Bust Marvel statue from X-Men Comics
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Up for auction figure is one of the Apocalypse creations the Archangel . This high-quality, hand-finished and hand-painted bust is strictly limited; it stands 9.5" inches tall its fully painted and ready to display it was sculpted by Randy Bowen & Gabe Perna on 2006 based on Marvel X-Men Best-Selling Comic-BooksBoth bust and box are in excellent condition, it has never been displayed in addition it comes from an adult smoke free and air controlled environment. Please e-mail me with any questions Check my feedback and ! Shipping within the United States depends on you zip code via USPS Parcel Post with delivery confirmation. In multiple auction buys I will combined to save you shipping International bidders must have a confirmed address and use Pay Pal Payment is expected within 7 days of action close so: Check Out my Other Items! All items are in excellent condition unless otherwise specified. Because the fragility of the items all sales are final Thanks for Looking and


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Here's a look at some of the movies and TV shows filming on location on Tuesday, Jan. 10, 2017:
Filming in California
TV Series: Lethal Weapon
Stars: Damon Wayans
Location: 913 S Broadway, Los Angeles (5:00 AM – 6:00 PM)
TV Series: Criminal Minds
Stars: Matthew Gray Gubler
Location: Avenida Cesar Chavez and Bleakwood Ave, Monterey Park
TV Series: The Catch
Stars: Peter Krause
Location: Sunset Bronson Studios in Los Angeles
Filming in Illinois
TV Series: Chicago PD
Stars: Sophia Bush
Location: 2256 W Monroe, Chicago
TV Series: Empire
Stars: Taraji P Henson
Location: 1300 N Burling St, 1560 N Kingsbury, and 2624 W 14th Pl, Chicago
Filming in New York
TV Series: Law and Order: SVU
Stars: Mariska Hargitay
Location: Chelsea Piers, NYC
TV Series: Elementary
Stars: Jonny Lee Miller
Location:21st St and 24th Ave in Astoria
TV Series: Gotham
Stars: Ben McKenzie
Location: Steiner Studios, Brooklyn
Movie: The Greatest Showman
Stars: Hugh Jackman
Location: Steiner Studio, Brooklyn
TV Series: Power
Stars: Omari Hardwick
Location: Warren and W Broadway, NYC
Credit: Tribeca Citizen
TV Series: Homeland
Stars: Claire Danes
Location: Central Park West and 83rd St, NYC
TV Series: The Blacklist
Stars: James Spader
Location: 45th St and 50th Ave, Woodside, Queens
Credit: @NicolePochat17
TV Series: Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt
Stars: Ellie Kemper
Location: 79th St and Park Ave, NYC
Credit: Linda
TV Series: Blacklist: Redemption
Stars: Ryan Eggold
Location: off of N Broadway, Jericho
TV Series: Quantico
Stars: Priyanka Chopra
Location: Silvercup Studios, Long Island City
Follow us on Twitter for updates throughout the day, too!
We're always looking for more info…know where something's filming? Send us a Tip or leave a comment in the bottom of this post! And, as always, a huge THANK YOU to those who helped us with today's info!
Thanks to @ArtsCommented for sharing this photo of Kevin Bacon in NYC!


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When the women in our lives get sick, it affects everybody. That's what the boys at St Joseph's College learned when their teacher assigned them the task of hosting a Girls' Night In last year.
Zac, 17, student: Well, when the teacher first told us about Girls' Night In everyone gave her a really positive response. She told us that she had heard something on the radio about it, and losing a friend to cervical cancer, she told us about the idea of having a Girls Night In. And I was really surprised to see that everyone had really positive responses towards having a girls' night in, not a boys' night in.
Aztec, 16, student: It meant a lot to us because a few of us have been affected by breast cancer.
Tyson, 17, student: We raised around two and a half grand, I think, which I was really surprised about. We were aiming for five hundred but we killed that in the first night with all the donations.
Kieran, 17, student: Just knowing that the money we raised for the women and for the Cancer Council... it's good looking back.
Leah Irving, teacher: There was a ripple effect that none of us could have anticipated. Some of them went home and just hugged their mums. Lots of them started talking to their mums again - they told them everything.
We had members from the community ringing and sharing their stories, which was really hard but it was lovely at the same time.
Buster Herman, parent: I suppose it just opened the dialogue - that we could speak about it. And ask - like Zac could ask questions and, it just raised our awareness.
Chris Lancaster, parent: They're actually addressing something that is so prevalent, you know, here. And it affects so many people. I think that's the real leveller, even for 16 year old boys. You know, this is my aunty or my mum, and there's been so many through St Joseph's who've experienced breast cancer. So I think the boys had put it into a real-life situation.
And yeah, as Buster said, they were just thrilled with their outcome. And I think they felt like really proud of what they'd done.
Aztec, 16, student: Well, the best part for me was just raising the money in general and all the boys getting behind it because I've been affected. My mum passed away from breast cancer and also my grandmother. It just meant heaps that all the boys supported me.
Tim, 17, student: You just sort of feel like heroes.


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ENGLAND star Wayne Rooney has hit back at media suggestions that he could be dropped from the World Cup team after he was seen training with the squad's substitutes.
Rooney's teammates also leapt to his defence. Frank Lampard expressed dismay at the national "fixation" with Rooney while teenaged star Raheem Sterling called the striker "world class."
Rooney has insisted he asked to do extra training which was why he was with England's substitutes.
"Sometimes (I) wonder what the press are getting at," the Manchester United striker wrote on his Facebook page.
"I said from the start I want to do everything I can to make sure I'm ready for these World Cup games and as part of that I was doing extra training a week before the squad joined up.
"That's exactly what I did yesterday, my own extra training, because that's what I wanted to do."
British media speculated about his team place after Rooney's subdued display on the left side of England's attack in their 2-1 opening Group D defeat by Italy.
England have a must-win game against Uruguay in Sao Paulo on Friday (EST).
The Football Association backed Rooney with a statement explaining how the 28-year-old had "requested additional training".
The England squad also rallied around Rooney.
Lampard, the England vice captain, said: "Unfortunately we do have a fixation with one player during every World Cup, ones that I've been involved in.
"It's a bit frustrating when you're in a team group and that happens because we're there trying to play together - people are not selfish in this squad - trying to get results and a fixation with one player can become, rather than a debate, a bit of an agenda.
"So I do think we need to drop the agenda and look at the team, whoever plays, because the manager will pick the best team that he sees fit and whoever plays we want to win the game."
Nineteen-year-old Sterling, who shone in the England attack, paid tribute to Rooney's influence.
"He is a world-class player, I've watched him growing up. He is someone I looked up to so to have trained with him at this camp has been a real honour, really," said the teenager.
"He works really hard and is always improving as well, so for someone like that for me to look up to I am really glad to have him in the team."
"I speak to him a lot," Sterling said.
"He just says to relax, express yourself and enjoy the game, really, and not to think too much about what is going on and to just play your normal game and you'll be fine.
"Some of the stuff he does with the ball, you try to take little clips out of his play and try to really learn from that."
Originally published as Rooney lashes out after media barrage


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Our friends the @kelsaygroms are putting on a great event tomorrow with @exposureskate and @skaterising at the Encinitas Skatepark. Make sure you check it out! #ridetrue ・・・ Don't forget to come tomorrow to skate with us and give back at our Girls ...


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- Nihan Namoglu, Yekta Ülgen
- 2013
Healthcare industry has become widely dependent on information technology and internet as it moves from paper to electronic records. Healthcare Information System has to provide a high quality service to patients and a productive knowledge share between healthcare staff by means of patient data. With the internet being commonly used across hospitals,… (More)
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Johnboii20 Sep 16, 2012
Is it an xgd3 or 2 Some one help Please :blind:
Well its new so it should be XGD3 right?
Its XGD3 matey
It's XGD3 and I had at huge 600 PI max (no higher than 90 is recommended) and it still worked.. although I wouldn't recommend using on a retail console with that horrible of a burn, might flag or something.
Burn with ihas and burn at right speed which disc supports with a descent ISO download and you should be fine
Separate names with a comma.


text: Most people swim but there are certain types of people who cannot be satisfied with merely skimming the surface of the water. Diving is an activity that requires a physicality that is different from swimming. Diving also requires more than the usual equipment that is used for swimming. The right kind of equipment is crucial […] Read more »


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Project coordinator
Project co-ordinator:
Department of Information Policy and Governance, University of Malta
The Department of Information Policy and Governance (DIPG) builds on a tradition pioneered at the University of Malta by the Law & IT Research Unit (LITRU) established in 1988 and which originally focussed on legal implications and applications of information technology. This quickly evolved into a multi-disciplinary approach which by the mid-1990s was investigating a spectrum of issues ranging from an integrated Information policy for society to cognitive science aspects of law. LITRU was involved in the post-1989 data protection-related training of police forces across Eastern Europe (especially Bulgaria and Czech Republic)as well as design of computer systems for the Malta police and, significantly, for the first (1993) review of the Council of Europe's Recommendation R(87)15 on the use of personal data for police purposes. In 1994 it was commissioned to contribute to the drafting of an Information Practices Act by the Ministry of Home Affairs in Malta. Today the scope of LITRU's activities has grown such that it is being developed further by two departments working in close collaboration: the Department for Media, Communication & Technology Law within the Faculty of Laws and the Department for Information Policy & Governance within the Faculty of Media & Knowledge Sciences (MaKS).
During the past twenty years LITRU, IPG and other CCT/MaKS personnel were involved in a number of major international research projects dealing with the societal impact of new technologies. Most recently, these included FP7 European projects in the area of Security (SMART- Scalable Measures for Automated Recognition Technologies), socio-economic science (CONSENT - Consumer sentiment regarding privacy on user generated content (UGC) services in the digital economy) and Science and Society (SET-DEV Technology-driven rules in emerging economies).
Co-ordinating Person:
Professor Joseph Cannataci (for profile see here)


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Bazaar's Art Basel Miami Beach 2011 to-do list
Jay Jopling's White Cube Gallery kicked off proceedings for this year's Art Basel Miami, with a star-studded party at Soho Beach House Miami. Britain's YBA's including Marc Quinn, Damien Hirst and Bazaar's Visionary of the Year Tracey Emin sipped pool-side cocktails and toasted the fair's 10-year anniversary. Here's what we are looking forward to over the next 5 days:
Christian Dior will launch its first ever pop-up shop in the heart of Miami's Design District to celebrate their creative collaboration between Anselm Reyle and the luxury fashion label. The German artist-designed collection will feature Lady Dior and Miss Dior bags, small leather goods, shoes, make-up, costume jewellery and sunglasses in Reyle's signature Day-Glo colours.
Super-star DJ David Guetta will migrate his cult F**k Me I'm Famous! set from Ibiza's Pacha to Miami's LIV tomorrow for one of the hottest-after party tickets in town. Expect big celeb names and on-stage cameos from his famous fans.
The Whitechapel Gallery has collaborated with The Gallery at Windsor, Florida to coincide with the annual art fair. This first exhibition, which marks a three year curatorial partnership will be a solo show of work by Brazilian artist Beatriz Milhazes featuring a selection of her signature bold and abstract artworks.
Donna Karan's Urban Zen will open a pop-up store at the Museum of Contemporary Art in North Miami, offering jewellery, art and home accessories made by Haitian artisans in aid of the MOCA North Miami and the Urban Zen Foundation's Help & Rebuild Haiti mission.
The Standard Hotel will host a screening of San Diego Surf, a-never-before-released film shot by Warhol and Paul Morrissey in 1968 at the Standard Spa tonight, where guests can enjoy custom-designed artist-inspired manicures, an exhibit of pop culture stickers and a four-day music lounge.
Though the art on show is a feast for the eyes, James Franco touches down at the Mondrian on Thursday for a party following a screening of Harmony Korine's Caput giving us a little more eye-candy to enjoy.
Fendi Casa and Nick Cave will host a party on Friday in association with Beats by Dre. Cave will unveil an installation featuring a one-of-a-kind audio and visual display artwork highlighting his iconic pieces. Expect glitzy guests from Miami's music scene.
And if you want to know more, be sure to download the new Art Basel Miami Beach app. Use this innovative tool to redefines the way you visit and experience the fair, with features to search artists, galleries and events at your fingertips.
Isla Cunningham
Next: Filmmaker Laure Prouvost takes home Max Mara art award


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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] Directed by Bryan Emanuel, Martin Markaj leads the cast of this film of USA, with script in English, whose presentation to the public was scheduled for 2015. You can watch The Problem of a Flower online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2015.
Rating: 5 by 11 users./
Runtime: 100 minutes
Martin Markaj, Jaclyn Strez, Melissa Andersen, Naomi Debebe, Gary Brunner, Jon Ager, Kevin Lubaski, Michelle McGuckin, Jonathon Rawetski, Shayne O'Keefe, Jamie Hausknecht, Kei Hoskins, Bryan Emanuel and Steve Hausknecht.
100-minute film (full movie) directed by Bryan Emanuel.
The original audio of The Problem of a Flower has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in USA.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2015.
Screenplay written by Bryan Emanuel.
Carl Ballou.
Bryan Emanuel.
This film was produced and / or financed by Biketown Productions.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie The Problem of a Flower has a duration of 100 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, The Problem of a Flower in FULLTV Movies.


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Learn new skills or refresh old ones, adding Style to your home and enjoy being creative.
"The Feeling you get from transforming a simple piece of fabric into something is,
Amazing and Oh So Empowering".
Learn easy techniques to sew lots of different styles of Cushions, with pipping, Tassels, soft edges, soft edge in a contrast , with a zip with buttons and sew on . You can choose from so many different styles to sew in this fantastic two week Workshop.
Join us on a Tuesday Morning
Tuesday 21st and 28th of Nov
10.00 to 12.30
$80 for 2 Lessons
You will love doing your classes in our New Custom Designed Sewing Studio, with Cool Air conditioned and Centrally located in Nerang. Free Parking.
Bookings are essential as places are limited
Fees…… $80 Two, two and a half hour lessons
Refundable if cancelled seven days prior to start of class.
If class is cancelled by My Sewing Club a full refund will be given.
Sewing Classes on the Gold Coast
Book in to secure your place
Don't you just hate it when you know what you want but you just can't find it. That's why, we have so much fun in this class you get to be your own stylist as you learn professional Techniques that will give you stunning results
Come along and enjoy a creative workshop sewing designer co-ordinates to suit your decor
Private Lessons Available
If you would like to learn in your own home or in my Sewing Studio. I offer private lessons by appointment
$120 for Two and Half Hours in your home
Two and a half hours in my sewing studio $100
To make an appointment call 0479 111 877 or email firstname.lastname@example.com
Back to Sewing Classes On The Gold Coast


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Our favorite paint manufacturer, Sherwin-Williams, has named Poised Taupe their 2017 color of the year. It's the color that they "anticipate defining 2017". We couldn't agree more!
2017 Color of the Year
When we began our trend away from the ivories and into the brighter whites, one criticism we often heard from our clients was consistent. "We don't want it to feel too sterile." So it makes sense that we've moved into some warmer tones to help balance the museum whites of the last few years. Don't get us wrong. We still love the white whites, but it is nice to have some contrast and balance. Poised Taupe creates a coziness to the room and brings a sense of sanctuary into the home. Even when used in small areas like an accent wall, it can really change the entire look of a room.
The History of Taupe
The story of taupe is simple. "Earthen brown combines with conservative grey and the result is a weathered, woodsy and complex neutral that celebrates the imperfections and authenticity of a well-lived life."* Taupe gives a nod to those who love the clean of grey and to those who love the warmth of brown. So we see this as the type of color that won't go out of style anytime soon. It will be the type of color that looks great in candlelight, next to a glass of bubbly, and as a background for a bright white robe hanging on a hook.
"There is a particular beauty to be admired in homes that are allowed to age gracefully and show the wear and tear of everyday life." Our homes are meant to be enjoyed, and some of its imperfections came through laughter and life. We've all had a scratch on the wall or a fingerprint on a window that reminded us of a happy time or a little visitor that we love to have over. At a time when perfection seems like the ideal, a home that celebrates a well-lived life can be a welcome respite.
Colors that Blend Well
In addition to the neutral of this taupe, we see the cornflower hues as complementary. For example, a greyish blue and a bright white along with Poised Taupe feel like a modern version of a French country kitchen. If you are a fan of even more color, a little yellow may also fit your fancy.
The Importance of Good Design
The final color selection is really all about flow, even down to all the little details. The biggest enemy of good color flow is changing the color palette midway through the project. For those who tend to be indecisive, a professional can be a huge help. Color is a very personal decision. Just like good design in any form, it should be highly unique to the client. At Jenkins Design+Build, we spend our days thinking about what our clients like most. Then we convert those preferences into their home's spaces. We do our best to listen well so that we can reflect our clients in every detail. In the words of Eero Saarinen (who designed the famous St. Louis Arch), the best designs are "the shapes that the 'creators' best relate to and thrive in". To see a sample of what we've been designing lately, check out our What's in Design section.
(*Sherwin Williams, 2017 Color of the Year)


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Good morning Dinks. It seems like every time we meet someone they ask what we want to do over the long term. When a man meets his potential spouse's parents they ask what their intentions are for their daughter and their relationship, when a woman meets her future husband's parents they ask what her future plans are for children and when we go to a job interview the employer always wants to know where we see ourselves in the company in five years. So here we go Dinks, let get into it, what are your plans for the future?
I live my life three months at a time
I have to tell you I'm not a big fan of anything long term. I'm not really sure why but I really suck at setting and achieving my long term goals. I think it's a mixture of being too much of a commitment and getting bored really quickly. I lack focus on the long term and I think that's because I work in banking and my professional life is always measured in quarters.
In the world of banking the first three months of the year are dedicated to retirement, the spring time is mortgage season, summer is focused on debt and the fall is focused on back to school. That's how my professional life has been over the past decade so it only seems appropriate that I mimic my personal life in a similar fashion.
Nick is the exact same way so it really works out well whenever we need to plan. However at the same time I have to ask myself, where is our relationship going if we only think and plan for the short term?
Why we all need long term goals
The one exception to the rule is retirement. I save for retirement but for some reason I don't consider it an actual long term goal, I just think of it as something I need to do for my future. My various short term goals include travelling, saving, working and more recently buying furniture to decorate our new apartment.
You may be thinking but Kristina aren't your savings goals long term? Yes and no. I guess the money is there for the long term – or at least until I need it – but I try to hit a specific dollar amount every three months.
How to achieve your long term goals
I can't achieve a long term goal I think it's a good idea to use my demise to help others achieve their goals. Yes that's right, I am going to help you achieve your long term goals by telling you to do the exact opposite of whatever I'm doing.
Here are four ways to achieve your long term goals:
Stay focused. I definitely don't have this, I can't focus on anything very long because I like a variety. If you can commit to one thing over time you are already ahead of the game.
Break it down into shorter term goals. If you lack focus like I do breaking your long term goals down into shorter mini goals will help you hit milestones and stay motivated.
Track your progress. I like short term goals because you can achieve them so much faster but if you track the progress of your long term goals it can keep you motivated. Tracking the progress of long term goals will help make sure you are working towards them and make sure you achieve your goal within the deadline.
What are you working towards over the long term?
Get Your FREE Ebook
DINKS (Dual Income No Kids) Finance focuses on personal finance for couples. While by no means financial experts, we strive to provide readers with new, innovative ways of thinking about finance. Sign up now to get our ebook, "Making Money Tips for Couples" FREE.


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Rebecca P.
Carson, CA, 90745
Joined on August, 2014
Gender: Female
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Any day in the evening
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Education2 year degree- Liberal Arts in Mathematics
Experience10 years as a tutor
HobbiesI love to read. One of my hobbies is photography.
I love to teach math in different ways till the student gets the concept
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The tutor will respond if they are available/interested.


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I'm with Cupid: Waxfruit Transatlantic Valentine
- Artist: Various Artists
- Format: CD
- Release Date: 8/23/2005
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A collection of some of the best new underground garage, indie-pop, and electronica from the UK, Sweden, Brazil, and the USA. Features garage-pop chanteuse Miss Mary, the Billy Childish produced A-Lines, The Would Be Goods, Swedidh synth-pop genius Komatrohn, The Glasses, The Cut-Outs, a rare previously unreleased, posthumous track from gargae rock heroes The Oscillators, Sweden's Free Loan Investments and Actionbiker, Thee Fine Lines, John Peel favorite and current UK sensation Bearsuit, Brazil's The Raindrops, Unbunny sideproject Igloo, Motormark, Sunga, Andy Taylor proteges Riviera F, The Mumps, The Winter Sleep, Doug Shepherd, Ever Since I was A Little Girl, The Seven Inches, and NYC folk rocker Kristin Mueller of the Caufield Sisters. The CD package also includes a new poem by Garrett Caples, photography by John Soares, and design by Jeff Mellin.
To play the media you will need to either update your browser to a recent version or update your version of Flash Player.


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Trekking in Nepal - Tours in Nepal - Sightseeing Tour - Nepal Airlines - Peak Climbing - Hiking in Nepal -
Modified Annapurna trekking offers you minimized itinerary and nature adventure too. It is called An...+ Read More
Mardi Himal trekking is located in Annapurna region and the east of the Modi Khola. Mardi trek start...+ Read More
Pokhara tour is most populal tour in Nepal. Nepal Himalaya treks is one of the legal trekk...+ Read More
Ice Lake trek offers you gleaming mountains such like Manaslu region mountains, Annapurna second, An...+ Read More
Are you thinking to go little outside for a night from Kathmandu Metro to make cool your mind? Are ...+ Read More
An interesting easy trekking route detours from Sundarijal. Its just north of Kathmandu which offer&...+ Read More
Mini Everest view trekking, some may visit for their personal goal, while others for experiencing ...+ Read More
Annapurna circuit via Tilicho lake is one of the most adventure & interesting trek of trekkers life and memorable as well. Annapurna circuit is self most famous and one of the best destinations to be explored two weeks to a month. Now days, you may drive up to Jagat but it is rough road., this is mysterious trek with nature beauty scenery. It starts from Beshishar along the Marsyangdi River with Magnificent view of Mt.Manaslu and Himal chuli to east, this river follows up to Manag-Tilicho Lake { Manang, known as "The country of behind mountain" in Nepal} and it turned west north for the Thorong la. You may do trek to the Tilicho lake as well on this trip as a site-trip. You may visit the people with different ethnic group with multiplicity inhabited. The length of this trip is 300 Kilometer {approximately} your footprint will be printed on 5416masl at Thorong La.
After the pass, you will be another district, which called Mustang {lower}. It is settlement {phedi} start an hour before than Muktinath.
Muktinath is the most famous pilgrimage centre for the both Buddhists and Hindus. This temple area surrounded by white painted wall where included for both religious temples, as well as around Muktinath villages numerous monasteries. By the way, you can see naturally gas flam and 108 taps with running holy water. Around the Kagbeni and Muktinath, people are called Gurung but they are originally from Tibet at the ancient.
And then while you reach around Ghorepani via Tatopani{hot spring}, The people are especially ethnic group of Gurung and Magar and some more other. This trek is extraordinary when you visit here in March and April because of the colorful Rhododendron blooming, which is Nepali national flower.
Now, you are heading for Annapurna base camp.This trek lead to you passes through a variety of landscape from the rice field to the glacier. This trek is ends at a point from where you will to be practically surrounded by elevated white peaks up to 8091masl {Annapurna 1st}.
Day 01. Arrival
Day 02. Details information and basic preparation about the trip
Day 03. Drive to Beshi-shahar 760Mtrs. {5/6hrs. by private car/jeep, local bus 7 hrs.} and walk about 3hrs to
Bhulbhule {840Mtrs.}
Day 04. Bhulbhule to Ghermu/Syange water fall {1100Mtrs.}
Day 05. Ghermu/Syange to Tal {1700Mtrs.}
Day 06. Tal to Dana queue {2300Mtrs.}, better view from Timang if you walk little more one hrs.
Day 07. Dana queue to Chame {2670Mtrs.}
Day 08. Chame to Pisang {3200Mtrs.}
Day 09. Pisang to Manang {3540 Mtrs.}
Day 10. Manang
Day 11. Manang to Khansar {3734 Mtrs.}
Day 12. Khansar to Tilicho base camp {4140Mtrs.}
Day 13. Tilicho Base camp to Tilicho lake {4920 Mtrs.} and back to base camp
Day 14. Basecamp to Ledder {4200Mtrs.}
Day 15. Ledder to Phedi {4450Mtrs.}/High camp {4850Mtrs.}
Day 16. Phedi/High camp to Muktinath {3800 Mtrs.}
Day 18. Muktinath to Marpha {2670 Mtrs.}
Day 19. Marpha to Ghasa {2010 Mtrs.}
Day 20. Ghasa to Tatopani{hot spring} 1190 Mtrs.
Day 21. Tatopani to Shikha {1935 Mtrs.}
Day 22. Shikha to Ghorepani {2750 Mtrs.}
Day 23. Ghorepani to Tadapani 2590 Mtrs. {early morning climb to poonhill 3210 Mtrs.and back to lodge,
take breakfast and start walk…}
Day 24. Tadapani to Chhomrong {2210 Mtrs.}
Day 25. Chhomrong to Dovan {2505Mtrs.}
Day 26. Dovan to Deurali {3140 Mtrs.}
Day 27. Deurali to ABC 4130 Mtrs. {you may sleep at MBC 3700 Mtrs.and next early morning go to ABC
and back to Dovan/Bamboo…, its optional}
Day 28. ABC to back down to Dovan…
Day 29. Dovan to Jhinu Danda 1780 Mtrs. {Hot spring}
Day 30. Jhinu Danda to Pothana {1900 Mtrs.}
Day 31. Pothana to Pokhara 820 Mtrs. {trek down to Phedi and drive to Pokhara about 30 minutes}
Day 32. Pokhara to
Day 33. Back to Home country {or you can do sightseeing… as yours timetable}
Kit Lai & Cheng Mui from Singapore :)
We had only 3 days. but Raju our super guide, was so flexible in plan...
- Kit Lai & Cheng Mui
Nepal Kailash Trekking P. Ltd.{Nepal HimalayaTreks}
Nayabazaar 16, kathmandu, Nepal
Phone No : +977 1 4365099
Mobile No : +977 9851064386 { 24 hrs }
Email : firstname.lastname@example.com
Web : www.nepalhimalayatreks.com


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Install Liberty 22 in. Side Mount Drawer Slides (2-Pack) on a drawer for easy opening and closing. The functional style updates your drawers, with left and right slides and mounting hardware. The slides are designed for easy installation.
- Steel
- White finish
- Mounting hardware and instructions included
- Mounts to the side of the drawer
- Mounts on a 22 in. drawer
- Supports up to 50 lbs.
- Click here to view our Drawer Slide Buying Guide