text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jan 31, 2006
|Filing date
|Sep 15, 2003
|Priority date
|Sep 15, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|John A. Taylor
|Original Assignee
|Taylor John A
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (8), Classifications (6), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates generally to the field of rheology measurement for paints, inks, and coatings, and in particular to a new and useful device and method for measuring the transition or force to achieve a shear rate to more accurately determine the rheology of a given coating and use this force to forecast the results of the various application processes, to make better applicator designs, and to make improved formulations.
Coatings and surface treatments are commonly applied in industrial processes for reasons including merely changing the outward appearance of a product, protecting product surfaces from corrosion, weather or other environmental conditions, making the surface receptive to ink, creating liquid or gas barriers, creating a non-stick surface, and making a surface more or less adhesive, to name some. Several application processes and devices are known for applying these coatings, including sprayers, brushes, fan coaters, flow coaters, curtain coaters, roll coaters, Meyer rod coaters, Gravure coaters, blade coaters, air knife coaters, and meniscus coaters, among others.
It is well understood in the art that for any of these coaters to work properly, the rheology of the applied coating must be within a particular range, depending on the device and process conditions such as pick-up and speed. Accurate determination of coating fluid rheology is important to ensuring good and consistent quality coatings. For example, consistency is desirable for products coated with different batches of coating fluid on an assembly line. If the coating fluid does not have the proper rheology for the application, a poor quality coating will result.
Many times, the expense of the product and coating materials make errors in the rheology of the coating fluid very costly. Often, the only way to find the rheology of a coating is to run many test coatings to find one which works well for a particular application. But, the use of coating fluid samples and substrates in trial-and-error analysis becomes costly very quickly, due to time and materials wasted.
And, the inability to accurately predict the rheology of coating fluids is so deficient that coating dies cannot be made to run multiple coatings. That is, a single die is typically designed to run a specific coating composition and it is very difficult to make a different composition run well through the same die. The distribution pressure losses compared to the die lip exiting flow losses vary enough between formulations that operations resort to using a number of dies to make different grades for the same coating.
Difficulties in accurately predicting process results from rheology measurements for a coating fluid arise from the fact that substantially all paints, sealers, protective coatings, etc., exhibit non-Newtonian behavior. Thus, in order to accurately predict the process a particular application, the measurement must mimic the application process conditions as much as possible. In particular, it is necessary to duplicate the intensity and duration of shear rate, shape of the flow field, and time for accurate viscosity or fluid friction measurements to model the process. All coating processes have a region with an extensional flow field of a short duration, so that a measurement intended to predict the fluid performance in a process must do the same.
Transition or entrance effects can be generally defined as the effect on a fluid as it passes between two regions of differing areas or different shear rates. For example, when a fluid enters a tube or channel, or at a point where the same tube or channel tapers wider or narrower. Viscosity measurements generally discard or effectively ignore transition effects of a fluid entering the test flow field. Reynold's work on laminar flows has demonstrated that between 10 and 20 pipe diameters displacement are needed after entering a pipe for laminar flow to develop.
Similarly, U.S. Pat. No. 3,071,001 states that it is established a non-linear pressure drop occurs at the pipe transition which is related to the density times the square of velocity, or the velocity head of the fluid. For non-Newtonian fluids, however, we have a different finding.
Many viscometers elect to minimize the transition effects. They either wait for the transition effect to pass before making any measurements, or they subtract a value related to the velocity head. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 6,470,736 teaches that the transition flow effect and Reynold's number should be minimized so as to allow interpretation of flow rate by the Poiseuille equation. This value is simply the pressure drop through a test pipe under steady state flow.
Viscometers which minimize or eliminate the transition effects are useful and effective for measuring the resistance of an equilibrium process like the flow through a pipe. And, they are helpful and correlate to some extent with process conditions within a narrow range of chemistries. But, generally, they are ineffective at predicting process results over a broad range of fluid chemistries using a single predictive model.
Some capillary viscometers presently pass over the transition effect by taking data only at a point after the transition effect has occurred, so that it is small (near zero) compared to the equilibrium viscous force. Other capillary viscometer measurements subtract out the force needed to reach the measured shear rate. They measure this force with a standard fluid—typically water—and use this value for all fluids tested. But, simply subtracting the transition or entrance force value of one fluid type from all fluid measurements will result in error because the actual force varies with each fluid, especially for viscous non-Newtonian fluids. So existing capillary viscometers either ignore or improperly consider the actual transition shear force.
While most viscometers minimize the transition effect in the reported reading, some do not. Such viscometers are taught in several patents, including U.S. Pat. No. 4,449,394, which has a short capillary tube at the bottom of a cup for receiving the fluid under test. The height of the fluid provides the pressure source. However, this viscometer does not match the process conditions and does not forecast process results over a broad range of fluid types. It operates at a declining shear rate. As the fluid level in the cup drops, the shear reduces to near zero, until the fluid flow stops. This viscometer cannot be used to measure the resistance to flow at specific shear rates, and only works well at low shear rates since it is not pressurized beyond the inherent fluid pressure. This viscometer has the effect of averaging out the shear force versus time as well, so that it measures an average viscosity over an average shear rate. And, process rates of 300,000/second or higher are not obtainable.
Another capillary viscometer is taught by U.S. Pat. No. 4,793,174 in which fluid flow through a capillary tube is started at a low pressure and then the pressure is suddenly increased. The resulting flow increase is recorded as a function of time. The capillary tube is significantly longer than 20 pipe diameters, so that the transition effect is essentially eliminated at the measurement point. The transition effect is lost in the average with the equilibrium viscosity through the tube. The length of the tube dilutes the initial shear force, while the overall flow does not have a constant shear rate.
The viscometer of U.S. Pat. No. 3,952,577 includes a plurality of pressure sensors along the flow path. The flow path is a rectangular channel of decreasing cross-sectional area. The decreasing size of the channel necessarily prevents the flow from having a constant shear rate. The viscometer is provided for use with laminar flows only.
Another tool which is useful but still fails to account for transition effects is an oscillating viscometer. This viscometer begins motion in one direction and then reverses to measure the elasticity of a fluid. The viscometer is experiencing the force to initiate flow, but measurement is not taken until after several oscillations, and the force to destroy initial gel structure of the fluid is not lost.
Concentric cylinder viscometers measure the force after the flow establishes a fully developed velocity gradient even when the velocity is steadily increased. This measurement is commonly referred to as a rheogram. One tool which can plot shear force versus time after a change in shear rate to measure the energy to "beat out" a coating is known as the Haake rheometer. But, this device fails to duplicate all coating application processes as it has a longer than realistic process duration, and it is not an extensional flow field.
None of the existing viscometers measures the transition effects accurately at the process conditions that correspond to the various coating and paint application processes.
It has been discovered that the transition force can vary greatly between fluids, and therefore, this force needs to be measured in each case. Thus, a rheology measurement device and method for accurately determining and accounting for transition effects of fluids is still needed.
It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a rheology measurement device which accounts for the transition shear force of fluids used in coating, printing, and painting applications.
A further object of the invention is to provide a method of measuring non-Newtonian transition shear force of a coating, ink, or paint fluid to accurately determine rheology of the fluid.
It is a further object of this invention to provide a method of adjusting all fluid formulations to run with an application die with good cross machine profile characteristics.
Accordingly, a method for measuring the non-laminar transition effect of a fluid in a capillary tube is provided in which the force to break down the chemical structure in a fluid under shear to initiate flow is measured. In most cases, when a liquid such as a coating liquid, begins to flow through a region of smaller diameter, a rapid pressure drop is exhibited, followed by a constant slope pressure decrease. The present method measures and accounts for the rapid pressure drop which is ignored or eliminated by other measurements. The rapid pressure drop, corresponding to the entrance effect, has been found to be significant to predicting the rheology of non-Newtonian fluids in particular.
The measurement is obtained by first establishing a flow of the coating fluid under test into a capillary tube from a fluid source. The fluid is caused to flow at a flow rate giving a pre-determined, selected shear rate. The flow rate can be set with a pump or other mechanism for varying the pressure on the fluid. When the flow rate is achieved, the pressure of the fluid at the inlet to the capillary tube is measured. The transition shear pressure Ptr is the total pressure minus the velocity head. The transition shear force Ftr is related to the shear pressure as a function of the cross sectional area of the capillary tube and the area of the capillary tube walls.
The relationship of flow rate to shear rate at the walls of the capillary is function of the power law, m, of the fluid. The shear rate is a multiple of the velocity divided by the radius of the capillary. The transition shear force has been correlated to a variety of process conditions. Using the method of the invention, the shear force measured should duplicate that of the process condition under consideration. Using these relationships, the shear characteristics for the fluid under test can be determined. And, therefore, the rheology of the fluid is determinable more accurately than when the entrance effects are ignored or eliminated.
A testing apparatus for measuring the pressure of a fluid under test according to the inventive method has a container for a fluid source, a pump for pressurizing the fluid source, a pressure measurement gauge and a capillary tube connected with the fluid source. The pressure gauge is connected to the container to measure the pressure generated by the fluid as it attempts to flow through the capillary tube from the container. The pump or other similar mechanism is used to pressurize the fluid under test sufficiently to cause a desired flow and shear rate.
The testing apparatus preferably includes several different capillary tubes which are each connectable to an outlet of the container. The provision of many different capillary tubes of different diameters and lengths permits measuring the fluid rheology for different fluids and process conditions which may be experienced in coating applications.
The various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and specific objects attained by its uses, reference is made to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated.
In the drawings:
The following principles and relationships of fluid rheology form the basis of the invention and are useful to understanding the measurement method and apparatus of the invention.
It has been found in curtain coating applications that the transition effect, or pressure loss, in the first 6 to 10 pipe diameters varies greatly with the composition or chemistry of non-Newtonian fluids. And, the relationship between pressure loss and flow rate can have power laws with velocity ranging from zero, independent of flow, to at least 2.5. This is significantly different because, usually, the reported value of one velocity head is related to the square of the fluid flow.
In high viscosity fluids, the transition effect can easily be 8 or 10 velocity heads. The transition effect for non-Newtonian fluids is actually a measure of the force to break down or "beat out" any chemical structure in the fluid as it accelerates from a low shear rate to a higher shear rate. These forces can overwhelm the kinematics or the velocity head of transition.
Further, the transition effect, measured as a shear force, correlates to the application processes when the shear rate of the measurement corresponds to the shear rate present in the application process. This correlation holds for all types of fluids regardless of the source of viscous friction:
dissolved polymers, particles, latex emulsions, 100% solids coatings, oils, or neat polymers. The universal aspect of this correlation is very economically important as it eliminates the need for process tests with new formulations.
The transition shear pressure Ptr is the total pressure minus the velocity head. The transition shear force Ftr is related to the shear pressure as follows:
F tr =P tr *A c /A w
where, Ac is the cross sectional area of the capillary, and Aw is the area of the capillary walls.
The relationship of flow rate Q to shear rate (SR) at the walls of a capillary is function of the power law of the fluid:
SR=(3+m)Q/πR 3
where, m is the observed exponent of Ftr as function of (Q/πR3), Q is the flow rate, and R is the radius of the capillary tube.
The transition shear force, F2000, with surface tension, and as measured in co-pending application Ser. No. 10/131,966 filed Apr. 25, 2002, the entirety of which is hereby incorporated herein, correlates very well with the lower coat weight limit for the curtain coating process. It was found that the lower coat weight limit can be predicted by measuring a property called "stretch" and the falling velocity. An elastic flow test is also disclosed.
And, the same designs used to simulate the maximum shear rate of the process will detect dilatant effects. Dilatant fluids will not flow out evenly and leave a blotchy appearance if used in an application process. Dilatant behavior is exhibited, for example, when a fluid experiences a sharp contraction from a capillary tube channel 0.25 inches in diameter to one 0.033 inches in diameter at high flow rates. If the tube plugs at the process shear rate, it indicates dilatant behavior.
Generally the presence of elastic or dilatant behavior prevent the good application of a fluid. These behaviors always arise when the solids level in the coating fluid is high enough. But, running coating fluids with high solids content is always desirable because such fluids reduce drying energy, space requirements, and equipment costs. Thus, running coating processes with fluids containing just below the problem level of solids is desirable. Elastic and dilatant behavior are process constraints that determine the upper solids level.
These rheology properties and others are measured using the device and method of the invention, as will now be described in greater detail. As used herein, shear forces are referred to a Fx where X is the shear rate.
Referring now to the drawings, in which like reference numerals are used to refer to the same or similar elements,
The capillary tubes 50 used with the testing device 10 have different lengths and inner diameters, and are selected depending on the particular transition effect value being measured. As used herein, diameter of a capillary tube refers to the inner diameter dimension of the capillary tube available for a coating liquid to pass through unless noted otherwise. Preferred sizes for the capillary tubes 50 used with the device 10 include capillaries with diameters between 0.010 inches and 0.050 inches as a practical range and having lengths from 0.2 inches to 6 inches. Below 0.010 inches diameter, the capillary tubes plug too easily, and above 0.050 inches, the pressure difference becomes too small to measure accurately. Capillary diameters of between 0.020 inches and 0.033 inches are preferred. Several capillary tubes 50 are preferably provided for modeling a range of process conditions using the measurement device 10.
The size of the outlet 120 is preferably at least about 0.250 inches diameter, but may range from 1 inch to 0.100 inches. The outlet 120 length is sufficiently large that the transition effect exhibited by the liquid 25 entering the outlet 120 can be discounted, as the pressure loss is near zero, and so only the desired transition effect is measured. The outlet 120 may include a rapid fastener (not shown) for quickly changing the capillary tubes 50 for different tests. For example, a ring connector which seals the outlet 120 against a selected capillary tube 50 by tightening a threaded connection can be used.
In use, the testing device 10 is provided with an amount of a test fluid 25 in the container 20. Air 35 is pressurized to a desired level to produce a particular flow rate through outlet 120 and a selected capillary 50. Then, once the shear rate is obtained in the flow through the capillary tube 50, the pressure gauge 40 is read to determine the pressure in PSI needed to produce the selected conditions.
Examples of coating processes which can be modeled using the testing device 10 of the invention, preferred shear rates, capillary tube 50 dimensions and approximate flow rates for each process are identified in the following table:
Shear Rate Preferred Tube Preferred Flow Process (1/sec) Diameter (inches) Rate (cc/min) Meyer Rod 62,000 0.033 220 Curtain 2,000 0.020 1.58 Contraction Falling Curtain 20,000 0.020 15.8 Curtain 300,000 0.033 1066 Landing Curtain 300,000 0.030 801 Landing
The values set forth in the table above are not intended to be limiting in that the tube diameters and flow rates may be changed to suit particular situations. For example, any capillary tube diameter within the acceptable range may be used for each test. Similarly, the flow rates will depend on the particular fluid under test and ability to easily modulate the pressure of air 35 with the pump 30. But, it has been found that the indicated diameter tubes produce good results at the indicated flow rates for each listed test. To provide the full range of shear rate measurements required—from 10/second to 1,000,000/second—the testing device 10 for measuring the various Fx values must have different diameter capillary tubes 50 for connecting with a pressurized source of a liquid 25 to be measured.
The transition shear force has been correlated to a variety of process conditions. The shear force measured should duplicate the process condition under consideration.
With the discovery of the correct measurement of the transition shear force, the lower coat weight limit can also be predicted from the surface tension of the water phase and F2000. For example,
In a method for determining the rheology of a coating fluid, the device 10 is used to take several measurements for a given liquid 25 corresponding to transition effects typically experienced in different situations in a coating process. The measurements are combined with indications of elastic and dilatant flow properties to accurately model the rheology of a given coating fluid. Examples of useful measurements are given below.
The method includes selecting and connecting a capillary tube 50 to the testing device 10, loading a coating fluid for testing into the device 10, pressurizing the fluid to generate a predetermined flow rate to produce a desired shear rate, and measuring the pressure with gauge 40 when the selected shear rate is obtained.
In the case of curtain coating, once the elastic and dilatant limit has been established, F2000 and the surface tension determine the lower coat weight speed operating window as previously described. The measurement is preferably taken using a 0.020 inch diameter tube 0.25 inches long. F2000 is a low shear force that retards the formation of drops in a falling curtain. As the value of F2000 increases, the curtain velocity, thereby allowing a reduction in flow rate, while maintaining curtain momentum. For the curtain to remain stable, the momentum must exceed the surface tension. That is, the curtain must have a Weber number, We, greater than 1, where We is the momentum divided by surface tension, or:
where, Q is the flow rate, V is the falling velocity, and Γ is the surface tension.
The F2000 measurement permits rapid screening of different formulations for minimum flow rate. Use of the F2000 measurement, for example, has permitted discovery of curtain coating formulations which allow a minimum flow of 0.4 gm/cm/sec without creating pinholes. Generally, as the concentration of a rheology modifier increases, the shear force exhibited by the resulting coating fluid increases. Many known rheology modifiers become elastic around 0.015 PSI. At the elastic limit, the minimum flow to form a curtain decreases, but the flow rate to avoid pinhole formation increases, as illustrated by point 200 in the graph of
A second application of the method, in the case of curtain coating, is to determine the upper coat weight limit or puddling limit. The puddling limit can be forecast from the surface tension, F2000, and F500k. The puddling limit is the maximum coating fluid flow rate that the coated sheet will carry away in an even layer. A flow rate greater than the puddling limit causes a heel to build up behind the curtain until it becomes unstable.
The F500k measurement is preferably taken with device 10 using a capillary tube 50 with a diameter of 0.033 inches and 0.25 inches long. Air 35 in the container 20 is pressurized with pump 30 to produce a selected flow rate of the liquid 25. As with the measurement F2000, while the pressure in the container 20 increases, the shear rate is monitored until it reaches 500,000/sec. When the 500,000/sec shear rate is reached, the pressure on fluid 25 is read from gauge 40. The back pressure indicated on gauge 40 shows the pressure required to create a shear rate of 500,000/sec in the flowing liquid 25 through the selected capillary tube 50.
Since the F2000 and F500k measurements account for transition effects on the liquid 25, the rheology model of the coating liquid 25 is more accurate than other models, and the coat-weight-speed-operating window for the coating liquid 25 is more accurately predicted. The increased accuracy of the model prediction reduces the effort to produce good quality, consistent coating formulations.
For example, once a base formulation is developed, the fluid properties to adjust the flow and make it runnable can be adjusted with between 2–10 coating batches of 500 cc each and testing with the testing device 10 and method to evaluate the rheology. This can result in a time savings of days and weeks over current processes for evaluating coating fluids. Further, pilot work to make market samples can be eliminated, as actual product can be produced on the commercial machines for salespeople to use to show customers. This efficiency can eliminate up to 6 months of manpower requirements.
A third application of the device 10 and method is for batch or continuous adjustment of viscosity to control the application thickness. This is useful in processes where the viscosity affects the wet thickness such as a Meyer rod coater, transfer roll coaters, reverse roll coaters, bar coaters, air knife, and blade coaters for example. In the case of a Meyer rod coater, F63k is the force of the fluid going over the rod. Controlling this force will control the wet pickup.
The advantage of this measurement taken with the device 10 and using the method over prior viscosity controllers is precision. The device 10 and method measure the actual process force and compensate for the random differences in viscosity caused by, for example, variation in the occupied volume of the fluid due to the hydraulic radius of an emulsion.
It is envisioned that a testing device 10 of the invention is connected with a coater, such as the Meyer rod coater, to monitor the coating fluid as it flows. A small portion of the process coating fluid may be diverted to the testing device 10 during the process for this purpose.
As yet another example, accurately measuring the resistance to flow exiting a set of die lips allows new formulations to be adjusted so they will run on an existing die designed for a different fluid. Coating dies are conventionally made with the die gap compensating for the cross machine pressure gradient from the cross machine flow resistance. Adjustable lip dies allow resetting the die for any coating, but this is not commonly done as it takes too much time. So, most coating dies have a good cross machine profile only for the original coating.
The measurement conditions will vary depending on the application, but typically, the die lip transition resistance force is measured using the device of the invention at shear rates of between 4,000/sec to 20,000/sec with a capillary tube having a diameter of about 0.020 inches and 0.25 inches long. In this case one needs to control the ratio of die lip shear force to the distribution cavity viscosity. For example, the ratio selected may be F8000 to V200, where V200 is the viscosity at the distribution cavity shear rate. V200 is measured with a conventional capillary that bypasses the transition resistance. Other force and viscosity ratios can be monitored and controlled instead, depending on the particular application.
Further, if a die with a 200/sec shear rate for distribution flow is used, it will be flow cleaning and have a higher pressure drop than the typical "large cavity" dies made today. Most dies use a large cavity to minimize the cross machine pressure drop and provide better profiles over a broader range of formulations. Having the ability to adjust the coating to the die permits the same and less expensive fixed slot die to be used with flow cleaning capabilities for any new formulation. This capability provides significant economic advantages when developing a mix of new products that are more closely matched to individual customer needs. The flow cleaning feature, previously not economically attainable, allows rapid product changes between coatings just by purging one coating out with the other.
While a specific embodiment of the invention has been shown and described in detail to illustrate the application of the principles of the invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise without departing from such principles.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 6, 1975
|Apr 27, 1976
|Canadian Patents And Development Limited
|Apparatus for measuring the flow rate and/or viscous characteristics of fluids
|Oct 31, 1985
|Dec 9, 1986
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Differential pressure capillary viscometer for measuring viscosity independent of flow rate and temperature fluctuations
|Oct 5, 1987
|Dec 27, 1988
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Differential pressure capillary viscometer
|Sep 19, 1988
|Jan 16, 1990
|Reciprotor A/S
|Method of measuring the flow properties of high viscosity fluids as well as a device for carrying out the inventive method
|Jan 25, 1991
|Mar 17, 1992
|E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company
|Novel copolyesters and their use in compostable products such as disposable diapers
|Jan 31, 2001
|Oct 29, 2002
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Apparatus and method for capillary viscometry of fluids
|Apr 25, 2002
|Mar 9, 2004
|John A. Taylor
|Coating stretch tester
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 10, 2005
|Jul 3, 2007
|On-Site Analysis, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for measuring viscosity
|Sep 28, 2007
|Jul 13, 2010
|Chevron Oronite S.A.
|Method for using an alternate pressure viscometer
|Feb 23, 2012
|Mar 1, 2016
|Halliburton Energy Services, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for constant shear rate and oscillatory rheology measurements
|Nov 9, 2011
|Nov 1, 2016
|Siemens Healthcare Diagnostics Inc.
|Real time measurements of fluid volume and flow rate using two pressure transducers
|May 10, 2005
|Nov 16, 2006
|On-Site Analysis, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for measuring viscosity
|Sep 28, 2007
|Jun 5, 2008
|Chevron Oronite S.A.
|Alternative pressure viscometer device
|Sep 28, 2007
|Jun 5, 2008
|Chevron Oronite S.A.
|Method for using an alternate pressure viscometer
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|Aug 29, 2013
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|Real Time Measurements of Fluid Volume and Flow Rate Using Two Pressure Transducers
|U.S. Classification
|73/54.06, 73/54.05, 73/54.07
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jul 1, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 13, 2013
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jan 21, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jan 21, 2014
|Surcharge for late payment
Year of fee payment: 7
|Sep 11, 2017
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Double implementation in a market for indivisible goods with a price constraint
I consider the problem of assigning agents to objects where each agent must pay the price of the object he gets and prices must sum to a given number. The objective is to select an assignment-price pair that is envy-free with respect to the true preferences. I prove that the proposed mechanism will implement both in Nash and strong Nash the set of envy-free allocations. The distinguishing feature of the mechanism is that it treats the announced preferences as the true ones and selects an envy-free allocation with respect to the announced preferences.
(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
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Volume (Year): 62 (2008)
Issue (Month): 1 (January)
Pages: 140-154
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"Bidding for envy-freeness: A procedural approach to n-player fair-division problems,"
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Springer;The Society for Social Choice and Welfare, vol. 19(4), pages 723-749.
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- Atila Abdulkadiroğlu & Tayfun Sönmez & M. Utku Ünver, 2004. "Room assignment-rent division: A market approach," Social Choice and Welfare, Springer;The Society for Social Choice and Welfare, vol. 22(3), pages 515-538, 06.
- Atila Abdulkadiroglu & Tayfun Sonmez & M. Utku Unver, 2002. "Room Assignment-Rent Division: A Market Approach," Game Theory and Information 0202003, EconWPA, revised 09 Feb 2004.
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- Gabrielle Demange & Gale David & Marilda Sotomayor, 1986. "Multi-Item Auctions," Post-Print halshs-00670982, HAL.
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- Brams, S.J. & Kilgour, D.M., 1999. "Competitive Fair Division," Working Papers 99-05, C.V. Starr Center for Applied Economics, New York University.
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text:
SAG, Game Makers Agree on Contract Terms1 Aug, 2005 By: Holly J. Wagner
Members of the Screen Actors Guild (SAG) have approved a deal with game makers that will put the actors back to work voicing game characters.
SAG's national executive committee scuttled an 11th-hour deal in June, although representatives for the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) approved the new, 3-1/2-year contract. The deal includes a 36 percent increase in minimum pay over the term and higher benefit contributions.
SAG's three-year interactive contract expired May 13, and the national board approved the tentative new deal June 8.
But the producers refused the unions' demands for residuals. Later, they sent the deal to the membership for a second vote.
SAG members approved the deal by a margin of 81.2 percent to 18.8 percent.
Of 3,373 ballots mailed, 42.8 percent were returned (1,932 ballots were sent automatically to members identified as having earnings under the previous interactive contract; an additional 1,441 guild members requested and received ballots).
"By voting for this contract, SAG members have achieved major gains, despite the fact that we were not able to win in the area of residuals," said SAG chief negotiator Sallie Weaver. "The interactive market is of vital importance to our membership, and SAG will spend the next three-and-a-half years devoting resources to further organize this exploding industry so that we can return to the bargaining table with renewed strength and vigor."


text:
Coventry, United Kingdom (PressExposure) October 01, 2012 -- Speakers and delegates from all corners of the world are to descend on Coventry for a major UK conference celebrating its 20th anniversary.
Successful Selling 2012 is the UK's leading sales conference and will see seven renowned keynote speakers take centre stage at the Ricoh Arena on Friday, October 12.
Among the multi-national speakers presenting at the Institute of Sales and Marketing Management's (ISMM) Conference is America's Larry Winget, dubbed the 'Pitbull of Personal Development', along with Aussie musician turned salesman Allan Pease - regarded as one of the top body language and communications experts around.
French serial entrepreneur PY Gerbeau, CEO of X-Leisure, the largest leisure group in the UK, is also on the bill, joined by best selling author Andy Bounds and sales and marketing expert Grant Lebof.
James Denning, ex-head of enterprise sales at Amazon UK, will be addressing delegates about selling on-line, while seven times gold medallist Steve Backley OBE is to offer an insight into the attributes needed to be a success in any walk of life.
Jennie Harnaman, ISMM membership and event manager, said the talent on show at the 20th anniversary event is one of the best ever lined-up.
"We're really excited about the 20th anniversary event which stands to be one of the biggest and best to date," she said.
"Successful Selling has long been one of the UK's premier exhibitions for the sales profession and the line up for this year's event at the Ricoh Arena certainly reflects this."
"There's not many conferences delegates will get to see such an impressive line-up of top speakers in one day, while also have the opportunity to take part in seven tailored break-out sessions."
"We're lucky to have high calibre speakers of the likes of Larry Winget and Allan Pease flying in from the other side of the World to present alongside some of the UK's top business leaders."
"It's also fitting in this Olympic year to be joined by a former Olympian in Steve Backley at one of the London 2012 venues."
"No matter how big or small the organisation sales professionals represent the exhibition is guaranteed to generate sales ideas and techniques, and is always a fantastic networking event."
For further details and to book tickets visit http://www.ismm.co.uk, email firstname.lastname@example.com or call 01582 840 001.


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A bursary to study French as a second or foreign language
AQEFLE member schools
To financially support students who wish to participate in a French as a second language program at one of the member schools.
The $ 2000 CA bursary can only be used when registering for one of the programs offered by an AQEFLE member school.
Target Clientele
● Must be 16 years of age or older. Certain programs are offered exclusively to 16- and 17-year-olds, others to students 18 years of age or older. Admission requirements for each program can be found on the respective website of each member school.
● AQEFLE member schools offer programs to language learners of all levels, from beginner to advanced.
Field of Study
● It is not necessary to be a student in order to participate in the AQEFLE Bursary contest.
AQEFLE Bursary Contest Participation Requirements
● Only one AQEFLE Bursary will be awarded per year.
● A candidate can only apply for the bursary once a year.
● The AQEFLE Bursary can be transferred to another person.
Admission Requirements
● Must be 16 years of age or older.
● Fill out the online form in order to apply for the AQEFLE Bursary.
Application Deadline
● Candidates can apply up until November 30.
Rules and Regulations
● The AQEFLE reserves the right to refuse an application if all requirements have not been met.
● The AQEFLE Bursary must be used within a year following the draw.
● The prize must be accepted as presented and cannot be substituted.
● If required, the winner must grant permission for their name and/or their picture to be used for contest advertising purposes, without expecting any financial compensation.
● If a winner refuses to accept the prize, the AQEFLE is free of any obligation.
● Any litigation respecting the conduct or organization of a publicity contest may be submitted to the Régie des alcools, des courses et des jeux of the Province of Quebec for a ruling. Any litigation respecting the awarding of a prize may be submitted to the Régie only for the purpose of helping the parties reach a settlement".


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Creative cards for happier holidays. Buy 8, save 20%. Buy 16, save 30%.
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I Could Not Keep Silent: The Life of Rachel Carson
Summary: A photo-illustrated biography of Rachel Carson, a scientist and popular writer in the mid-20th century whose pioneering environmental book, Silent Spring, led to a ban on the use of the chemical ddt as a crop spray and helped bring the bald eagle back from extinction.
Book Name:
I Could Not Keep Silent
Target Age Group: 7-10
Publisher: McGraw-Hill/The Wright Group
Where to buy: Amazon
Purchase a Signed Book from Clare
"Ten year-old Rachel Carson ran through tall meadow grass to the cool shelter of the woods at the edge of her father's land. It was a beautiful summer afternoon in the town of Springdale, Pennsylvania. Squatting beside a shallow stream, she reached down to splash water on her face. A small green frog crouched on a rock at the water's edge. Rachel stared intently at the tailless creature with bulging eyes. Did it remember its earlier life as a tadpole swimming in the water? Was it waiting to snatch a mosquito with its sticky tongue?"
Rachel Carson learned from her mother at a very early age the importance of following her own sense of wonder in learning about nature. Together, they took long walks through the woods and fields of their large property in rural Pennsylvania enjoying the sights, sounds and smells of nature. Working on the family farm, raising animals and harvesting food for their table, Rachel came to understand the important bond between humans and other living things.
Rachel Carson grew up to be a scientist and celebrated author. She devoted her life to studying the natural world - on land, in the ocean, and at the water's edge. Understanding as she did the delicate balance of nature and the role humans play in it, Rachel was moved to action when she learned about the dangers to humans and the environment of widespread use of the pesticide DDT in spraying crops. "Knowing what I do, there would be no future peace for me if I kept silent." Rachel went on to write Silent Spring ,a book that presented such a compelling and well-researched argument against the use of human-made pesticides, that it led to the banning of DDT and the creation of the first federal and state laws protecting the environment. Her story shows us how one person can change the world.
This chapter book biography of Rachel Carson for 7-10 year-old readers includes quotes by Rachel Carson and a glossary of terms introducing the science of ecology, ecosystems and the environment.
Publishing Information
McGrawHill/The Wright Group ISBN 0-322-04505-3
Click here for information about Clare's school presentations around this book


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You are not a Brand - You are a Person
What do you see when you look in the mirror?
It's not a logo or a brand staring back at you. It's your face. That face is a sign that you are a human being.
Don't get fooled by the pundits claiming that you must have a personal brand to succeed. While they're preaching "Brand or die" they're fitting you for their version of branding. It's like the used-car sales rep saying, "Trust me. This car is perfect for you".
Back to the mirror
Smile. Notice the warmth conveyed when you smile. Notice how friendly you look when you smile. What do you feel is more attractive - a logo or that smile?
Examine that face. That face is the outward expression of all your wisdom, experience and character. Brands don't possess any of that. Why would you trivialize your character by calling it a brand?
Look closely at your eyes. The old expression is "the eyes are the window to the soul". Behind those eyes are your values, emotions and personality. Go ahead and wink at yourself. What did you see? Brands can't wink at you.
Instead of fretting about your brand, get more comfortable with yourself. Identify and reinforce your strengths because that's why people will like and buy from you.
Take everything that is you and build better relationships.
Those relationships will be far more powerful than any brand. Relationships are multi-dimensional while brands are flat. Relationships are living connections between people while brands are corporate attempts to induce a zombie-like trance on customers.
Some might suggest that if you build relationships your personal brand will evolve from that. That's okay, but don't focus on the brand because the brand will at best be a shadow of your personality. If you focus on shaping the shadow you risk losing the benefits of being a human being.
Who would you rather do business with - a brand or a person?
George Torok
George Torok Keynote Marketing Speaker Co-author of Secrets of Power Marketing Get your free copy of "50 Power Marketing Ideas" Power Marketing on FaceBook Marketing Zoo on Twitter


text: Erick Sermon Born: 11/25/1968 in Bay Shore, New York, USA Jump to Related Articles Photos Filmography Biography Filmography Music (19) Broken City 2013 (Movie) ("Music") (Song) Broken City 2013 (Movie) ("Music") (Song Performer) Starlet 2012 (Movie) ("Do Dat") (Song) Starlet 2012 (Movie) ("Do Dat") (Song Performer) The Lincoln Lawyer 2011 (Movie) ("Music") (Song) The Lincoln Lawyer 2011 (Movie) ("Music") (Song Performer) Whip It 2009 (Movie) "I'm Housin" (Song) What Happens in Vegas 2008 (Movie) ("If You Love Me") (Song) Syriana 2005 (Movie) ("Let Da Monkey Out") (Song) Honey 2003 (Movie) ("React") (Song) Jimmy Kimmel Live 2003 (Tv Show) Performer Barbershop 2002 (Movie) ("You Gots To Chill") (Song) How High 2001 (Movie) songs("How High" "How High II (contains 'You're Making Me High')") (Song) In Living Color 1993 - 1994 (Tv Show) Song Performer Who's the Man? 1993 (Movie) (Music) Who's the Man? 1993 (Movie) song producer("Hittin Switches") (Song) Who's the Man? 1993 (Movie) (Song Performer) Who's the Man? 1993 (Movie) lyrics (Theme Lyrics) Juice 1992 (Movie) ("It's Going Down") (Song) Actor (2) Rhyme & Reason 1997 (Movie) Participating Artist (Actor) Juice 1992 (Movie) Bar Patron (Actor) Biography Milestones Popular songs include "React" and "Stay Real". Known for such albums as "Music" and "React"


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Stock Graphic >> Pattern - Abstract Background Digital Paper 40958 by SavvySilverDigiArt @ CreativeMarket
File Size: 4.38 MB; DPI: 300 DPI; Dimensions: 12 x 12 in.
Featuring a 6-Pack of modern abstract colored digital papers! Each one was created from the same patterned original, but by applying special digital effects, each one resulted in a unique design.
These digital papers would be great for paper crafts, card design, scrapbooking, background paper, invitations, jewelry, stickers and more!
Ўс 6 Digital Papers, as shown (12" x 12" high quality 300dpi JPEG files).
PLEASE NOTE: Colors may appear differently on your computer monitor than the printed image. Your printer and/or software program color profile settings will affect the color levels (saturation, hue, lightness, etc.) and overall appearance of your printed images.
This is digital download set. Each digital image comes in its own digital file. All your digital files are compressed into a ZIP file. No physical product will be sent.
Ўс Buyer responsibility: You are responsible for having the required software and knowledge to access, unzip (extract), open and use files purchased.
- SavvySilverDigiArt
Keywords: abstract, abstract paper, modern paper, modern abstract, red paper, yellow paper, green paper, blue paper, brown paper, gray paper, digital paper, digital abstract, red, yellow, green, brown, gray, grey, funky paper, mod paper.


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Quote of the Day
"I'm not a patient person by nature. I want immediate results and immediate upsides. But I think the reality of professional sports is that things don't change overnight."-- 76ers Majority Owner Josh Harris, on his decision to rebuild all aspects of the organization. (PHILADELPHIA DAILY NEWS, 9/30)
Top Stories
Winter Wonderland
NBC Sports Group Exec VP/Sales & Marketing Seth Winter said that NBCUniversal has sold $800M "in advertising for the 2014 Winter Olympics" in Sochi, according to Michael McCarthy of AD AGE. The "windfall for the Sochi games tops the previous Winter Olympics mark" of roughly $750M in ad sales for the '10 Vancouver Games and '02 Salt Lake City Games. NBC said that the Olympics are "attracting fewer advertisers who are spending more on exclusivity." The net said that its total ad sales for the Sochi Games "might approach" $970M with "local support." NBCU set the sales record despite "concerns going into Sochi that Russia's anti-gay laws will cause skittish advertisers to hold back or drop their buys." But Winter said ...
Product Placement
Is the NFL fully invested in the idea of permanently placing a team in the U.K.?
Man, Oh, Manning
Denver's rout of the Eagles earns Fox top NFL ratings this year.
Houston, We Have A Problem
What will CSN Houston's Chapter 11 filing mean for Astros, Rockets games?
Love The Drake
MLSE is teaming up with Toronto-born rapper Drake in an effort to help reshape the Raptors' image.
See You Later?
The NFL is threatening to move all Super Bowl XLIX events out of Glendale.
Warrior Dash
Under Armour signs Stephen Curry from Nike to make him the face of its basketball brand.
Taking The Wheel
Amway Center taps Fields Auto Group for club naming rights.
Brought To You By....
THE DAILY presents part one of a week-long look at sponsored segments for NFL broadcasts.


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Prophase-A Present Tale by Mitchel Street or Again, Alabama by Susan Sands. I found both of these stories on Book Club Reading List and can be found here. Read more about Prophase-A Present Tale here on Goodreads. Buy Prophase-A Present Tale on Amazon. Read more about Again, Alabama on Goodreads. Again, Alabama is on sale this week […]
Entries Tagged as 'Book Poll'
Book Poll: Prophase VS Again, Alabama
October 5th, 2015 · 21 Comments · Book Poll


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If there were any purpose to time it would be this: the time it takes for the Beloved to reveal what you have not yet been able to love; the time it takes for the Beloved to soften your heart through the relentless pain and longing of being human.
The unloved corners of your being wait.
As Love moves in we learn to let this dear character called 'me' do what it does. To take our mental hands off it and to lay on it a different pair of hands. More natural hands.
Hands from your heart that bless and stroke and speak approving words of okayness.
Hands that fold your human body into their embrace. Not just the sweet, imagined body of your inner child but the broken, mind-battered body of an older being, no longer so agile or worldly beautiful.
Hands that love to love whatever they hold – that are drawn irresistibly to the object of their secret devotion….you. Just as you are, with your hidden little idiosyncrasies and shamings, your hits and buzzes of arrogance, your compulsions and so-called flaws. All so nothing in this tender flow.
Hands that bring only mercy and benevolence, that whisper and will whisper to our dying day: "Come and lay with me. Come, lay here forever with me".
Mags Deane is the creator of Non-Dual Heart Mentoring which facilitates our awakening to truth and the opening of the heart to disowned, unloved aspects of the self that cause so much suffering and heartache. Private sessions are offered by phone or in person in Mt. Shasta, CA. She writes a blog on this journey home to Love at http://www.thevibrantheart.typepad.com/
Image from www.ashesandsnow.org


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Package Deals
Lawn Care
Landscape Projects
Landscape Design
Snow Removal
Contact Us
Service Spotlight: Lawn and Landscape Maintenance Packages
We can work with you to create custom maintenance packages to cover the specific maintenance needs of your property. We offer great package deals designed to help you enjoy your landscape rather than worry about it. When you come home from a long day of work or you have a busy weekend, sometimes the last thing you want to do is yard work. If if you enjoy it sometimes, we'll allow you to enjoy it on your terms.
Our maintenance packages can include lawn services, landscape maintenance services, seasonal decorations, irrigation services and more. They are fully customize-able to suit your needs. A maintenance package means you'll have one contact, one company to deal with, and one monthly bill. It takes away the hassle and brings back the enjoyment.
Click above to call us if you're interested in learning more or to set up your hassle-free maintenance package.
One Contractor, One Contact, All Four Seasons
Since 1966, Miller Landscape has developed itself around one simple principle: provide outstanding residential and commercial landscape services with unsurpassed customer care.
We are a family business that has grown into one of Michigan's premier landscape services providers. We are a professional company and we believe in doing things the right way. From customer care and communication, to complex design and installation projects, to proper maintenance the team at Miller Landscape has the expertise, equipment, and attitude to get the job done!
Copyright 2017 by Miller Landscape Inc
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text: DU Magazine Staff Bios Ducks Unlimited Magazine Staff Tom Fulgham, Editor-in-Chief Tom has been editor-in-chief of Ducks Unlimited since 1997. He served as editor of American Hunter for 14 years before joining the DU staff and has nearly 30 years of experience in magazine publishing. He is a native of Virginia's Tidewater region and a lifelong waterfowler.Matt Young, Executive EditorThe longest-standing member of the Ducks Unlimited Magazine staff, senior writer Matt Young has published more than 100 articles on waterfowling and conservation topics in this magazine and other publications. He also is the editor and principal writer of DU's award-winning annual magazine, Conservation, and edited the highly popular DU book, 161 Waterfowling Secrets, which has sold more than 20,000 copies since it was first published in 1994. Gary Koehler, Senior DU WriterA native of North Central Illinois, Gary Koehler grew up in the historic Illinois River Valley, where legendary duck clubs, decoy carvers, and call makers abound. Since joining the Ducks Unlimited staff in 1987, Koehler has hunted waterfowl in 26 states and Canada. A former reporter, columnist, and newspaper editor, Koehler has won more than 25 state, regional, and national writing/editing awards. Among his current projects is training Our Lady Vol Kayla, a Chesapeake Bay Retriever. Bruce Batt, DU Chief BiologistDr. Batt oversees DU's involvement in national and international waterfowl and wetland conservation issues that go beyond the scope of DU's regional offices. In addition, he is the U.S. Director of the Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research; the IWWR conducts research and evaluation programs that support the organization's conservation work. He is the chairman of the Arctic Goose Habitat Working Group and the author and editor of several reports about the environmental crises caused by over-abundant snow geese. He is involved in research on the Atlantic Flyway Canada goose and is DU's contact on matters related to the organization's position on predator control. Bill Nichol, Staff Writer A native of Memphis, Tenn, staff writer Bill Nichol grew up hunting ducks in the Green Timber and Oxbow lakes of Arkansas and Mississippi. He is the newest member of the Ducks Unlimited magazine staff.Aaron Fraser Pass, Shotgunning SpecialistAaron Fraser Pass is a native of, and resides in northern Georgia. He started his outdoor career writing for Outdoors in Georgia, the agency publication of the Georgia DNR. Since, he has been an editor and written free lance articles for most major outdoor and sporting publications. Currently he is a full-time free lance writer specializing in technical sporting firearms topics. Pass has hunted waterfowl in all four flyways, including the states of Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, Louisiana, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota and California.


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Measure Go Code Segment Performance and Detect Bottlenecks
StackImpact automatically covers many aspects of application performance measurement, including hot spots in CPU usage, memory allocations, I/O, channels and lock contention. It also provides a bottleneck view for HTTP handlers and calls as well as multiple runtime metrics.
It is sometimes necessary to measure application specific code performance and trace bottlenecks. For these cases, the StackImpact agent provides a very simple API:
segment := agent.MeasureSegment("Segment1") defer segment.Stop()
The agent will calculate the 95th percentile of the segment execution times during a measurement interval, typically 60 seconds, and report it to the Dashboard.
The following example demonstrates the basic usage.
package main import ( "net/http" "time" "github.com/stackimpact/stackimpact-go" ) var agent *stackimpact.Agent func someAPICall() { segment := agent.MeasureSegment("SomeAPICall") defer segment.Stop() res, err := http.Get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/posts") if err == nil { defer res.Body.Close() } } func main() { // Initialize StackImpact agent agent = stackimpact.Start(stackimpact.Options{ AgentKey: "agent key here", AppName: "Example App", }) for { someAPICall() time.Sleep(5 * time.Second) } }
After running the example application for some time, here is what we see in the Dashboard.
Follow us on Twitter @stackimpact for information on Golang performance profiling and monitoring.


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Please provide your company name
Name must contain characters only
Name is too short
Input field exceeds maximum characters allowed
Please provide your Email Address
Incorrect Email Address
Soil pH is the most important characteristics of soil which not only influences the efficiency of nutrients but also controls the enzymatic and microbial soil activities.
pH affect the solubility of many soil compounds like- phosphates, carbonates, silicates, magnesium oxides and iron. Most plants including flowers, vegetables, trees etc needs pH from 7 to 6 for proper growth. Based on pH, soil can be classified into the different forms shown below-
Elemental sulphur is very helpful in lowering the soil pH. Factors helps in determining the amount of sulphur required to lower the soil pH, may include- soil type, initial soil pH, favorite pH etc.


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- Related Games:
- Rise of the Tomb Raider
Microsoft caused quite a stir yesterday at gamescom when it announced that Rise of the Tomb Raider would be coming exclusively to Xbox in 2015. PlayStation fans weren't particularly happy about the news, and gamers everywhere wondered whether this was merely a timed exclusive deal or something more permanent.
Head of Xbox Phil Spencer has clarified the whole situation, telling Eurogamer that Rise of the Tomb Raider's Xbox exclusivity "has a duration." Not only that, but it looks like the game will be coming to both Xbox 360 and Xbox One.
"Yes, the deal has a duration. I didn't buy it. I don't own the franchise," Spencer told the outlet. "I have Tomb Raider shipping next holiday exclusively on Xbox. It is Xbox 360 and Xbox One. I'm not trying to fake anybody out in terms of where this thing is. What they do with the franchise in the long run is not mine. I don't control it."
So there you have it. I'm sure we'll be seeing Rise of the Tomb Raider on PlayStation platforms and PC in 2016.


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Salt Lake City, Utah (PressExposure) November 09, 2011 -- Stevens-Henager College has introduced a new web design and development program targeted at individuals interested in both the front- and back-end of web development.
Although the two terms are often used interchangeably, web design and development are actually different roles.
Web design involves creating the front-end layout of the content on a website or a web page, using graphic arts tools and applications. Web application development, on the other hand, refers to writing the code that goes into the back-end of a website, using different programming languages.
In other words, web applications developers are responsible for serving the content on a website, and graphic designers have the job of presenting this content in a visually appealing manner.
Stevens-Henager College's Bachelor of Science in Web Design and Development is intended to provide graduates with the skills they need for both of these roles. Armed with this degree, graduates will have the skills for both front- and back-end development of web applications, mobile applications, and user interfaces in a variety of consumer electronics.
The courses in this program range from graphic design topics such as Photoshop, Illustrator, and Flash Animation to applications development-related subjects like Programming Fundamentals, Web Programming, Mobile Applications, Java, and more.
In addition to these topics, students also take courses in Logic Structures, College Algebra, Database Administration, etc. to give them a well-rounded education and help further qualify them to pursue entry- to mid-level jobs as graphic designers and web developers in a variety of applications development environments.
This web design and development degree is available at the Boise, Logan, Ogden/West Haven, Provo/Orem, and Salt Lake City/Murray campuses of Stevens-Henager College, as well as their satellite locations in Nampa, Layton, and Lehi. Students can also choose to take online classes for this program.
Interested candidates may schedule a personal tour of the campus of their choice to get familiar with the facility as well as meet with a financial planner to identify financial aid for those who qualify.
For details on this Bachelor of Science degree in Web Design and Development, call 1-888-829-2907 or visit http://www.stevenshenager.edu/.


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Emma Thompson, 43
After a devastating 1997 miscarriage, Thompson put her film career on hold to conceive with actor beau Greg Wise, The effort paid off: In December 1999, at 40, she gave birth to her first child, Gaia. Acting, meanwhile, has taken a backseat. "I test myself by saying, 'When I'm on my deathbed, will I regret not having taken this or that job?' " she told London's You magazine last year. "It's very rare that the answer is 'Yes.' "
Christie Brinkley, 48
The former cover girl was 31 when she had Alexa Ray (her daughter with Billy Joel) and 41 when she gave birth to Jack (her son with real estate developer Rick Taubman), but both pregnancies were blissfully simple compared with the struggle she and her fourth husband, architect Peter Cook, 42, endured to deliver a third child. Brinkley had three miscarriages (one of them after IVF treatment) before giving birth in 1998 to daughter Sailor Lee (with Jack and Brinkley in Orlando last month). Still, motherhood after 40 doesn't scare her. "It inspires me to take good care of myself," she says.
Iman, 46
When the former model was trying for a baby with husband David Bowie, 55, "It never occurred to me that I might have left it too late," she told Sydney's Sunday Telegraph in 2001. Sure enough, after two failed IVF attempts, Iman became pregnant naturally with daughter Alexandria Zahra Jones (left, in 2002), now 20 months, "It's like a second chance," says Iman, whose daughter Zulekha (with ex Spencer Haywood) is 23.
Madonna, 43
Five days before turning 42, Madonna gave birth to Rocco, her son with her director husband, Guy Ritchie, 33. Caring for the 20-month-old (in Manhattan in August) and Lourdes (her daughter with Carlos Leon), 5, "gives you all kinds of solace and security," she said in 2001, "It's also incredibly exhausting."
Adrienne Barbeau, 56
At 56, the former Maude star says she's not too old to be the mother of a 5-year-old. The only problem is she has two: identical twins Walker and William. "They're little devils," says Barbeau (at home in '98), married for 10 years to TV writer Billy Van Zandt, 44. But she says she has no regrets: "If I walk in the door, and one of them comes running and says, 'Mommy, you're home!' everything else pales in comparison."
Adrienne Barbeau, 41
When Pollan and husband Michael J. Fox had Sam (in New York City April 14) in 1989, "we didn't know what we were doing," she told O magazine last month. Twins Aquinnah and Schuyler, 7, were "overwhelming" too, but with 5-month-old Esme, "I'm enjoying every second…it's so fun."
Kim Basinger, 48
Since giving birth to Ireland, her daughter with estranged husband Alec Baldwin, 44, in 1995, Basinger has reprioritized, says the actress's father, Don, 78. "She realizes there's more to life than a career." Indeed, Basinger (with Ireland at a Pasadena pet show in 2001) told INSTYLE in 1998 that having a child "is the greatest thing I'll ever do."


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Item number: 140128
Availability: sold out
Department: clothes » jackets & coats » military jacket
Colour: beige, brown, camouflage, olive
Gender: man
100% cotton, lining: 100% cotton, arm-lining: 100% polyester, hood: 100% polyester, real leather details.
- mod. Fieldjacket
- logo-badge
- hidden hood in the collar
- standup collar with fakeleather application (100% polyurethane)
- used-effects
Features: vintage
The Vintage style garments are made using very special techniques to give a "used", "old" and even "burn-out" look, like for example worn-out cuffs and belts or faded colours.
Quality / Material: 100% cotton
Please wash accordingly to the instructions on the garment's tag
Size and measurements general guide


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wikiHow to Hide Acne With Makeup
Two Parts:Finding the Right MakeupApplying the MakeupCommunity Q&A
Makeup comes in handy when you're trying to hide a breakout. Rather than layering on more than you'd normally wear, combine spot-treatment with a thin layer of foundation. Makeup doesn't have to be hard on your skin: with good hygiene and oil-free products, you can hide your acne without clogging your pores.
Part 1
Finding the Right Makeup
1Acquire oil-free makeup. Cosmetics that do not clog pores are called noncomedogenic or non-acnegenic. The first ingredient in your makeup should be water. [1]. Opt for mineral-based cosmetics, which will absorb excess oil and hide redness without irritating your skin.
- Noncomedogenic makeup does not interfere with acne medication.[2]
2Pick the right primer for your skin. Use oil-free primer to keep your makeup in place. It can be especially difficult to keep concealer on an inflamed zit, but a dab of primer does the trick. Lightweight primers are less likely to irritate acne and are easier on oily skin.
- Use a primer with SPF for protection from the sun, especially if you have scarring or hyperpigmentation. Sun exposure can slow the healing process.
3Consider a powder foundation. A mineral-powder foundation is less likely to clog your pores than a liquid foundation, though it will provide less coverage. Opt for mattifying products: they absorb excess oil, and a matte finish conceals bumpiness.
- Avoid shimmery finish, which will draw attention to bumps.
- Foundations that are designed to last all day are more likely to clog your pores, causing further acne.
4Find or make a concealer that matches your skin tone. Concealer that is too light or dark will highlight your trouble spots, rather than hiding them. Mix two shades of concealer if you cannot find one that matches your skin. [3]
5Consider using a setting powder. Setting powder can benefit oily skin, but can exacerbate dryness in other skin. If you choose to use it, find a light setting powder that is less likely to trap oils under your skin.
Part 2
Applying the Makeup
1Clean and moisturize your skin. Before applying makeup, gently wash your face with warm water. Gently rub in a fragrance-free water-based moisturizer. Apply a sunscreen or a moisturizer-sunscreen combination for protection against the sun.
- Sunscreen does not cause acne unless it contains harmful chemicals such as PABA and benzophenone.[4]
2Prepare your brush or sponge. You can use brushes or sponges to apply your makeup if you would like to avoid touching your skin. Acne can be caused by bacteria on the hands, but sponges or brushes can also hold bacteria, so be sure wash them at least twice a week.
to Hide Acne With Makeup3Apply primer. Wait a few minutes to allow your skin to absorb the moisturizer, then use your fingers or a sponge to apply primer. If you prefer not to use a primer across your whole face, you can dab it onto problem spots to help fasten your concealer.
to Hide Acne With Makeup4Apply concealer. Wait a few minutes for your primer to set, then apply concealer in an x to your acne. Gently pat it in place. Do not rub, or it may streak.
- You may prefer to wait on the concealer after you have applied foundation, as foundation will cover many of the milder occurrences of acne.
- You can use a green concealer to diffuse pigmentation. Never apply green concealer after applying foundation.
to Hide Acne With Makeup5Apply foundation. Wait a few seconds for your concealer to set, then use a brush to apply foundation. Use as little as possible. If your first application seems inadequate, add light, even layers until you are satisfied with the result.
- If you still have spots, wait a few minutes for your foundation to set, then add concealer.
- If you are finishing with a setting powder, you can apply it now. With a brush, apply it on your skin in slow circles.
- Once your foundation has set, you can apply the rest of your makeup.
Community Q&A
I have a group of pimples on my forehead. If I apply makeup, will it look bumpy?wikiHow ContributorIf you exfoliate first, then apply moisturizer, it should lessen the appearance of bumpy skin.
What technique to cover acne scars will last the entire day?wikiHow ContributorThe same technique. Use a setting spray after you apply everything to "lock" your makeup in place.
What can I do if I am 11 years old and have a lot of cystic acne on my face?wikiHow ContributorIt would be best to ask your parents to take you to a dermatologist, who can prescribe you something for your acne and give you advice. It's also important to wash your face morning and night with a gentle cleanser, and to use a good moisturizer after washing and applying an acne treatment (if you don't moisturize, your skin can get too dry, and it then overcompensates by producing too much oil, which can lead to more acne). Finally, make sure you take good care of yourself, including getting enough sleep and eating healthy. Pay attention to whether you get more acne when you eat or drink certain things. For example, milk and dairy can make acne worse for some people.
Should I apply foundation on my whole face or can I just cover the pimple?wikiHow ContributorIf you use foundation, you must apply it on your whole face or it will look uneven. To cover just a single pimple (or a few), use concealer. Remember that the foundation color must be exactly the same color as your skin.
How can I make a pimple less noticeable overnight?wikiHow ContributorUse a drying agent, like hydrogen peroxide, to dry the pimple out overnight.
I woke up with 3 giant pimples! How do I cover them up without anyone noticing without using primer?Olivia WildPut on concealer over the pimples. Then apply foundation to all of your face (and neck), then add more concealer to the pimples.
How do I use makeup without it looking rough on my face?wikiHow ContributorUse a beauty blender or a foundation brush to blend it evenly. Also use a primer to make it smoother.
Will these tips work to cover a birthmark?wikiHow ContributorYes, this advice will also help you cover a birthmark.
What can I do if my face looks "cakey" and flaky if I use concealer on my spots and red areas, but I have oily skin and don't feel comfortable not wearing makeup?wikiHow ContributorUse a moisturizer first. If that doesn't work, don't wear makeup except for a matte powder.
How can I cover the pigmentation on my face?wikiHow ContributorUsing a green/blue concealer or one specially formulated to conceal acne pigmentation will help to even out your skin tone. Be sure to apply it generously and blend it well so it doesn't cause it to stand out even more.
- Beneficial ingredients in mineral-based makeup can have positive effects on your skin. Ingredients like silica, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide absorb skin oils and hide redness without irritating your skin. Dimethicone conceals redness.[5]
- If your skin swells or becomes itchy or red after you apply makeup, stop using it. Some cosmetics include allergenic ingredients that can cause contact dermatitis. [6]
Sources and Citations
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/make-up?page=2#2
- ↑ http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/acne/basics/causes/con-20020580
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/ss/slideshow-acne-cover-ups
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/make-up?page=3
- ↑ http://www.webmd.com/skin-problems-and-treatments/acne/make-up?page=2#2
- ↑
Article Info
Categories: Concealing Acne
In other languages:
Italiano: Coprire un Brufolo con il Makeup, Português: Cobrir uma Espinha com Maquiagem, Русский: скрыть прыщик с помощью косметики, Deutsch: Akne im Gesicht mit Make up abdecken, Español: aplicar maquillaje facial para cubrir el acné, Français: cacher son acné grâce au maquillage, العربية: إخفاء البثور بالماكياج, Bahasa Indonesia: Menyamarkan Jerawat dengan Riasan, 中文: 在化妆时遮盖痤疮, Nederlands: Acne verbergen met make‐up, ไทย: ใช้เครื่องสำอางปิดสิว, Tiếng Việt: Trang điểm che mụn
Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 493,861 times.


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14/04/2016 Repair
Internet has become the ruling tool when it comes to finding a service. With the emergence of the internet, people can find the desirable service they need to get rid of the hot air flowing through during summers. At times, the cooling devices stop functioning and create havoc. This means that your device is asking for it to be serviced. The technician does a wonderful task to make the poorly functioning cooling system, a wonderful device. In order to find the service, search online for professionals from the website airspecialiste.com. This website provides exemplary professional service to customers. For those looking forward to buying a new gadget can get it installed by the hands of the experts. Today internet has changed many lives and you can get the finest service online. It becomes essential to hire the professional service in order to get rid of the faulty working air conditioners.
airspecialiste.com : http://www.airspecialiste.com/en/


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natural bath & beauty products
Here is a shampoo that enriches and thickens your hair, makes it shiny, and truly gets it clean without it feeling stripped.
Timeout4me's conditioner is made with liquid silk for additional body. It will turn brittle, damaged hair into shiny, healthy hair. Vitamin B5 is added for shine and control, and jojoba and sweet almond oils reduce tangles.
I've tried many recipes before I found this one. My hair never felt clean and it was flat. I've been using it for 6 months and I can't rave enough about its wonderful benefits.
All the ingredients are very safe for your hair and certified as "natural" by my supplier. I've added a combination of equal parts rosemary, peppermint, and vanilla essential oils to both shampoo and conditioner for a fresh scent that makes shampooing a joy.
The shampoo comes in an 8 ounce pour bottle, and the extra thick conditioner has to be scooped out, so it comes in a four ounce plastic jar.
Shelf life is one year.
Shampoo Ingredients: Water, Decyl Glucoside (cleaning agent), Lauryl Betaine (foaming agent), Salt, Xantham Gum (thickening agent), Phenoxyethanol (preservative), Aloe Leaf Juice Powder (certified organic), Citric Acid and Benzoic Acid (brings down pH), Dehydroacetic Acid (nourishes and strengthens hair), and essential oils: rosemary, peppermint, and vanilla.
Conditioner ingredients: Distilled water, BTMS-50 (emulsifier), Glycerin, Jojoba oil, Vitamin B5, Liquid Silk (adds protein and body), Sweet Almond oil, Phenonip (preservative), and essential oils: rosemary, peppermint, and vanilla.


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text: Indie developer Tequila Works announced today that thier upcoming zombie action game, Deadlight , would be releasing this summer exclusively on XBLA courtesy of Microsoft Studios. Shadow Complex with zombies? Not much is known about Deadlight at this point, but the new screens definitely show some promise. Look for more info on Deadlight soon. source:ign


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With First Tutors you can find a local history teacher in Pickering and across the UK. Local history tuition is an excellent way to improve confidence while increasing grades and doesn't have to be dull! Please use our service to search for Pickering history tutors and select the one who best suits your needs.
First Tutors is the only place to discover through one search the top Pickering history tutors for your needs, helping you find a private Pickering history teacher for any subject, for example, GCSE English, A-Level Maths or even university Physics. We also help with language tuition, so if you want to learn Italian, take a Greek course or prepare yourself for German life, we can help - and all in Pickering! We order history Pickering tutors in your area by history lesson costs and proximity to you.
If you are a Pickering history teacher wishing to offer your private history tuition services in Pickering or anywhere else across the UK, please register with First Tutors or find out more about what we offer here. Home history tuition is a great way to re-affirm your own history knowledge while helping someone else, all in your local Pickering area!


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Artificial reefs of bulk waste materials: a scientific and legal review of the suitability of using the cement stabilised by-products of coal-fired power stations
The paper, based on work undertaken for the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food and National Power, reviews the growing interest in using cement stabilised coal-fired power station by-products (pulverised fly ash (PFA) and flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) gypsum) in artificial reef construction. It focuses on the physical and environmental suitability of the material and the legal and policy issues which will determine its future use. In so doing, it explores the relationship between science and policy making and the allengulfing nature of the wider environmental agenda.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to look for a different version under "Related research" (further below) or search for a different version of it.
Volume (Year): 20 (1996)
Issue (Month): 6 (November)
Pages: 483-497
|Contact details of provider:
| Web page: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/marpol
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KAMAZ and Marcopolo joint venture
In September, 2011 KAMAZ and one of the world biggest bus-manufacturers, Brazilian Marcopolo S.A., signed an agreement concerning mini-buses manufacturing joint-venture establishment in Neftekamsk on the parity basis.
The JV was set up in order to produce and deliver Marcopolo buses equipped with KAMAZ running gear and meeting the Euro-4 requirements and the needs of modern Russian and CIS passenger carriage. The venture is located on the premises of KAMAZ subsidiary, Neftekamsk Automobile Plant. The plant is expected to produce approx. 3 thousand buses by 2016.
The JV is focused on environmentally compliant and safe buses of the future manufacturing.
In 2011 the first KAMAZ and Marcopolo small class bus sample was presented at the COMTRANS, largest Russian, CIS and Eastern Europe trucks, buses and special machinery show. The sample meets Euro-4 requirements and is equipped with Cummins engine, ZF transmission, Daimler axis pins and axles and Knorr-Bremse brake system.
The JV is estimated to boost KAMAZ share price. The sales geography is being expanded through entering the markets of Saudi Arabia, India, Chile, Nicaragua, Iran, Sudan, Afghanistan, Angola and resuming shipments to Venezuela and Panama.


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25thframe.co.uk > Action | Thriller > John Wick
This film has not been scored.
What's your score?
A very quiet weekend on the UK box office and The Lego Batman Movie hold onto the top spot for a third consecutive week, and with a virtually static top 6 Patriots Day is the top new film at 7.
On its third weekend at the top Lego Batman takes £2.8 million which brings its total gross in the UK to £23 million, compared the The Lego Movie this is still running a shade under.
The film took over £5 million for the period Monday - Sunday which made it the top film for the week as well.
A third weekend at number 2 is therefore in order for Fifty Shades Darker with £1.5 million for the weekend and £20.3 million in total.
With Sing, John Wick Chapter 2, Hidden Figures and The Great Wall all holding tight in the top 6 the highest new film is Patriots Day at number 7.
The Mark Wahlberg starring film about the Boston Marathon bombing took £843,380 for the weekend and is one of the actors lowest debuting movies.
La La Land, which had a good, if confusing night at the Oscars this year, takes the honour of being the top total grossing movie this weekend with a total gross of £29 million and the longest running movie with a 7 week run.
Historical charts.
A year ago
Deadpool held on strong at the top of the box office while top new film was Grimsby which entered at number 2.
Five years ago
Spending a third week at the top was The Woman in Black while the top new film was The Best Exotic Marigold Hotel which made its debut at number 2.
Ten years ago
Remaining at the top was Hot Fuzz while the top new film was The Number 23 staring Jim Carey which entered at number 3.
Fifteen years ago
Monsters, Inc. spent its third week at the top and with a strong top 5 the highest new film was Don�t Say A Word down at number 6.
Twenty years ago
On its third weekend of release Ransom remained at the top while top new film was Michael starring John Travolta at number 3.
Twenty five years ago
The Prince of Tides made its debut at the top of the box office knocking off Star Trek VI The Undiscovered Country after only a week at the top.
The Lego Batman Movie this week manages to hold on to the top spot at the UK box office, holding off Fifty Shades Darker, while John Wick Chapter 2 makes its debut at number 3.
With a £4.4 million weekend gross Lego Batman retains the number position in the UK for a second weekend.
The animated feature has now taken £17 million in the UK and is running just slightly behind the total gross of The Lego Movie.
Highest new film of the week is Keanu Reeves in John Wick Chapter 2 which makes its debut at 3 with £2.2 million.
Also a sequel but this time it is doing far better the its predecessor, John Wick made its debut in 2015 with just over half a million pound, so the sequel has done more than 4 times better.
Longest running film with 6 weeks and highest grossing film with £28 million is the Oscar laden film La La Land.
Historical charts
A year ago
Deadpool remained at the top for a second weekend while the top new film was How To Be Single at number 3.
Five years ago
The Woman In Black stayed at the top for a second weekend while the top new film was the sequel movie Ghost Rider Spirit of Vengeance at number 3.
Ten years ago
Highly anticipated film Hot Fuzz made its debut at the top of the UK box office while Music and Lyrics fell to number 3.
Fifteen years ago
Making it two weeks at the top was Monsters, Inc. while top new film was Oceans Eleven at number 2.
Twenty years ago
Ransom stayed a the top of the UK box office while Fierce Creatures was the top new film at number 2.
Twenty five years ago
Star Trek VI The Undiscovered Country made its debut at the top of the box office while Father of The Bride fell to number 3.
After a couple of weeks where Chinese films were dominating the global box office this week is an all western film top 5 headed by Fifty Shades.
Making its debut at the top of the Global Box office this week the Fifty Shades sequel Fifty Shades Darker takes $146.8 million from 58 countries across the week.
Also making its debut is The Lego Batman Movie, entering at 2 with $92.6 million the film has a bigger launch than Fifty Shades with 61 counties.
Last weeks top film, Kung Fu Yoga, falls to 7 this week with $16.5 million from 12 countries, the total gross globally is $230 million.
Also new in the top 5 is John Wick Chapter 2 which lands at 4 with $40.6 million from only 42 countries.
Highest total gross for a movie on the top 10 this week is La La Land which this week sits at number 6 and has grossed $294.3 million.
All change at the top of the US box office as Split surrenders its hold on the number 1 spot to the (sort of) follow up to The Lego Movie, The Lego Batman Movie.
After a three week spell at the top for Split the film falls down to number 4 this week as there are 3 new films entering in the top 3 slots.
The Batman Lego Movie takes $55.6 million on its opening weekend which is a little higher than expected for this movie but lower than The Lego Movie of 3 years ago.
Fifty Shades Darker opens at number 2 with $46 million, which can be considered good, but again it is far lower than the far higher anticipated Fifty Shades of Grey from 2 years ago.
Finally new at 3 if another sequel, John Wick Chapter 2 which opens to $30 million which is double that of the original John Wick movie.
Split takes $9.3 million on its fourth weekend and has now taken $112 million on its US box office run.
Highest total grossing movie on the US top 10 box office is Hidden Figures which has not taken $131 million over 8 weeks, the longest running film is Lion now on 12 weeks.
John Wick Chapter 2 first teaser trailer.
This week Pitch Perfect 2 makes the right note at the top of the UK video chart and makes its debut at number 1.
The acapella music film was released at the UK box office on 15th May 2015 hitting the top spot on its debut week of release, it stayed at the top for 2 weeks.
the film had a relatively shot run at the box office lasting for only 6 weeks but it's audience was front loaded, it opened with a gross of £5 million and went on to take £17 million.
It is the 236th top grossing film in the UK but worldwide is failed to make a massive mark across the world, although in America it did take $183 million.
Other new films this week are: Keanu Reeves on form in John Wick new at 3, Samuel L. Jackson new at 5 with Big Game and Arthur and Merlin new at number 17.
It's proving to be the runaway hit of moment as Fast and Furious 7 speeds ahead of the rest of the field as it produces another £5.4 million over the weekend.
This gives Furious 7 a total UK gross after 2 weekends of £26.2 million, the film is fast catching the years highest grossing movie, Fifty Shades of Grey, which has taken £34.6 million.
With little in the way of new releases next week Furious 7 could well stay at the top until the release of Avengers Age Of Ultron at the end of April.
Highest new film of the week is American teen comedy/drama The DUFF, new at 4 with £891,691, not a great start!
The other new films this week maybe underperformed and all entered at the lower end of the chart, John Wick at 6, Woman In Gold at 7 and Paul Blart Mall Cop 2 at 8.
Historical chart
A year ago
Captain America: The Winter Soldier was holding still at the top of the box office with The Quiet Ones the highest new film down at 5.
Five years ago
Clash of The Titans was still the top film in the UK while the highest new film was all the way down at 8 in the shape of Whip It.
Ten years ago
The Matthew McConaughey film Sahara was the highest new film and entered at the top of the box office knocking The Ring Two down to number 2 after a week on top.
Fifteen years ago
Julia Roberts starred in the Oscar winning Erin Brockovich which entered at the top of the box office knocking Lake Placid down to number 2.
UK release date: 10th April 2015
Highest chart position: 6
Weeks on box office: 3
Total UK gross £1,439,149 and the 2424th top grossing film in the UK
UK BBFC Certificate: 15Genres:


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As mentioned in my last post, plans were for us to wrap up a very fun-busy June with a trip to California to visit Disneyland and Universal Studios. Well, we went. But it wasn't as fun as we had imagined or hoped.
On our first morning inside Disneyland, Chloe cried after 3 of the first 6 rides we did due to not liking one feature or another about them. Peggy and I were stunned, and sad... we were so hoping to have Chloe enjoy her time at the parks, and to be one of those kids who would want to go, go, go. But, as it turned out, we learned that amusement parks just aren't her thing.
For most of the rest of the week, we let her ride the rides she felt comfortable with (of which there were few) and eventually all 3 of us got kinda bored walking around the parks searching for something to do. Chloe was more excited about the prospect of spending a couple of hours at the hotel pool then going on some rides again, so that's what we did for an inordinate amount of time, considering we were 1 mile away from the happiest place on earth.
Disney: Done.
Posted by Kurt at Saturday, July 02, 2011
Labels: vacation
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People + Policy
= Positive Change for the Public Good
Las Vegas made news last week when the New York Times reported that more political ads have aired in Sin City than anywhere else this election season. In fact, stations there have shortened news programs just to accommodate the ad glut.
There's a similar dance going on in our nation's capital. Drawing on data from the Campaign Media Analysis Group, the Washington Post reports that D.C. "ranks fifth nationwide among TV markets in the number of political ads broadcast during October." Indeed, ad spending has skyrocketed in D.C. — in part because its media market includes belle-of-the-ball swing state Virginia, whose 13 electoral votes may prove key this November.
There are only so many minutes in the day, so D.C. affiliates — like their counterparts in Vegas — are bending over backwards to give political ads their moment in the sun. WTTG, the local Fox affiliate, has bumped Simpsons reruns (sorry, Principal Skinner!) to add 30 minutes to its 6 p.m. newscast. This sounds good on the surface — how could adding more news be wrong? — but this may not be a purely principled move.
"The expanded News Edge program," the Post writes, "will focus on political news — the kind of programming political advertisers demand most."
Meanwhile, the local ABC affiliate has added two weekend newscasts and has "occasionally," in the words of its general manager, trimmed minutes off its weekday programming to make way for political ads. (It's not clear how the GM defines "occasionally.")
It isn't just programming that's getting manipulated. Local advertisers have had to take a back seat in D.C. to all the groups hawking political ads. In fact, these advertisers are getting a double whammy, the Post says: "They are having difficulty getting their ads on and are paying more for the ads that do make it." Given how the economy continues to limp along, it's no small thing to short-shrift local businesses in this way.
And then there are the viewers who have had to endure back-to-back ads for months now. It would be one thing if these ads were truly enlightening and substantive. But way too many are misleading or outright false. We at Free Press have said it before and we'll say it again: Voters deserve better.
Free Press has launched a campaign to push local broadcasters to do the right thing. Tell stations to get with the program and stop airing misleading ads.
Original photo by Flickr user Onecle
If you'd like to support our transparency and accountability campaign, please consider a donation to the Free Press Action Fund.
People + Policy
= Positive Change for the Public Good


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Massimo Pericolo J. D. Salinger Info
Jerome David "J. D." Salinger is an American author, best known for his 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye, as well as his reclusive nature. He has not published an original work since 1965 and has not been interviewed since 1980.
Raised in the Bronx, Salinger began writing short stories while in secondary school, and published several stories in the early 1940s before serving in World War II. In 1948 he published the critically-acclaimed story "A Perfect Day for Bananafish" in The New Yorker magazine, which became home to much of his subsequent work. In 1951 Salinger released his novel, The Catcher in the Rye, an immediate popular success. His depiction of adolescent alienation and loss of innocence in the protagonist Holden Caulfield was influential, especially among adolescent readers.[1] The novel remains widely read, selling around 250,000 copies a year.
The success of The Catcher in the Rye led to public attention and scrutiny: Salinger became reclusive, publishing new work less frequently. He followed Catcher with a short story collection, Nine Stories (1953), a collection of a novella and a short story, Franny and Zooey (1961), and a collection of two novellas, Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters and Seymour: An Introduction (1963). His last published work, a novella entitled "Hapworth 16, 1924," appeared in The New Yorker on June 19, 1965.
Afterwards, Salinger struggled with unwanted attention, including a legal battle in the 1980s with biographer Ian Hamilton and the release in the late 1990s of memoirs written by two people close to him: Joyce Maynard, an ex-lover; and Margaret Salinger, his daughter. In 1996, a small publisher announced a deal with Salinger to publish "Hapworth 16, 1924" in book form, but amid the ensuing publicity, the release was indefinitely delayed.
Jerome David Salinger was born in Manhattan, New York, on New Year's Day, 1919. His mother, Marie Jillich,...