text: Employment Opportunities Welcome to the City Of Wausau Employment Website. The City of Wausau employs a vibrant workforce within a diverse range of professions. We serve the citizenry in a wide variety of positions providing the full range of municipal services to include Public Safety, Public Works and Transit Services. The City employs a fulltime staff of approximately 325 along with various seasonal employees. If you are interested in working for a great team within a culture with values that include Professionalism, Integrity, Accountability and Respect, you may access opportunities by clicking on the link below. Please note all position opportunities are accessed using a web based recruiting system. To apply, you will be prompted to build an online profile – which is basically an electronic application. Select positions will also require a resume and cover letter. Once you've built a profile, it can be reused. As with anything, preparation often makes the task easier. To begin the application process, you will want to have available key education and employment information along with electronic copies of your resume and references. Beginning January 1, 2017, our web-based recruiting system will no longer allow access to the career seeker site using Internet Explorer browsers that are below version 11. Users attemping to access the career seeker site with an old version of Internet Exploer will receive a message notifying them that they will need to update their browser to be able to access the site. City of Wausau Job Listings Thank you for your interest in serving our citizens!


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Translation Disclaimer
On June 28, 2016 the Berkeley City Council passed the One-Percent for Public Art on Private Projects Ordinance.On December 13, 2016 Berkeley City Council passed a change to the program guidelines that requires developers who elect to provide On-Site Publicly Accessible Art to pay an administrative fee equal to 5% of the 1% requirement directly to the Private Percent Art Fund prior to issuance of the building permit.
On January 24, 2017, Berkeley City Council passed a second reading of Ordinance No. 7,526-N.S. revising Berkeley Municipal Code Section 23C.23.050, the One-Percent for Public Art on Private Projects Ordinance, to allow developers the option of satisfying the Percent for Art requirements with a combination of on-site art and in-lieu payment. Therefore the ordinance now provides the developer with three options for allocating funds:1. Include on-site publicly accessible artwork valued at 1% of construction costs; or
2. Pay an in-lieu fee to the Private Percent Art Fund valued at .8% of the construction costs
3. A combination of 1& 2: include on-site publicly accessible artwork valued at less than 1%, with an amount equal to 80% of the difference in value paid to the City as an in-lieu fee.
For complete information about your Land Use planning application please visit the Planning Department.
Main Library Gates Functional Art
Program Factsheet
Program Checklist Frequently Asked Questions
Process Forms below,
Word - PDF
Mr.Rumford South Berkeley Fine Arts - Sculpture

subset: commoncrawl


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Self Check-in setup options
Run as a self check-in stand, on presenter's tablet or connect a handheld barcode scanner
Step 1 - Registrant touches screen to begin
Large 21" touch screen device.
Step 2 - Registrant finds and selects their name
Registrant can use search and A-Z shortcut keys to find their name quickly.
Step 3 - Attendance recorded and name label printed
And that's it! Arlo automatically records the attendance and prints the name label.
Capture registrants' signatures as part of the process
Where required, registrants can sign their name on the touch device with a pen or their figure.
Run on multiple devices
Setup multiple devices for large events.


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Gulliver's Travels Trailer (2010)
"Something big is going down." 25 December 2010 Comedy 85 mins
Travel writer Lemuel Gulliver takes an assignment in Bermuda, but ends up on the island of Liliput, where he towers over its tiny citizens.
Watch the official Gulliver's Travels 2010 trailer in HD below or find more Gulliver's Travels videos on Vidimovie.


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Active Events
411 13.2 Video Premiere
When: Saturday, July 16th 6pm
Where: Active Costa Mesa
2937 Bristol Street – At The Camp
Costa Mesa, California 92626
Video Featuring:
Daewon Song, Kenny Anderson, Chris Haslam, Cooper Wilt, Kerry Getz, Mikey Taylor, Richie Belton and many more!
The Dwindle Ice Cream Truck will be present and we will be providing complimentary drinks and snacks- so be there!
Plan B Demo
When: Sunday, July 17th
Where: Active River side
3625 Riverside Plaza Drive
Riverside, California 92506
Who: PJ Ladd, Paul Rodriguez, Ryan Gallant and other special guests!
For all of you that email us asking how you can get a skatepark in your hometown, check this out.
Tony Hawk Foundation Awards Over $1-MillionSkater's nonprofit organization hits milestone in aid to community skateparks.
With its latest round of grant awards, the nonprofit Tony Hawk Foundation has exceeded one-million dollars in grants to communities building free public skateparks.
At its Spring meeting, the foundation's Board of Directors voted to award $87,334 to nineteen communities across the U.S. The Board favored applicants whose parks will be located in low-income areas with a high percentage of "at-risk" youth, who demonstrated a strong grassroots commitment to the project, who indicated significant fundraising achievements by local skateboarders and community groups, and whose proposed skatepark designs have a creative mix of street obstacles and transition or bowl terrain.
Tony Hawk Foundation Grants are one-time donations for the construction of public skateparks. This term's recipients were chosen from a pool of 123 applicants:
Cusick, Washington (Town of Cusick) $20,000
Missoula, Montana (Missoula Skatepark Association) $15,000
Stanley, Virginia (Page County Skatepark Committee) $10,000
El Paso, Texas (Teens in Action) $10,000
Bath, New York (Village of Bath) $6,334
Creston, Iowa (City of Creston) $5,000
Independence, Kansas (City Of Independence) $5,000
Owenton, Kentucky (Owen County Parks and Recreation) $5,000
Los Angeles, California (Historic Highland Park Neighborhood Council) $1,000
Douglas, Georgia (City Of Douglas Parks and Recreation Dept.) $1,000
Blairsville, Georgia (Union County Parks and Recreation Dept.) $1,000
Loogootee, Indiana (Loogootee Park and Recreation Board) $1,000
Portland, Oregon (Skaters for Public Skateparks) $1,000
Cumberland, Maryland (City of Cumberland) $1,000
Baudette, Minnesota (Baudette Community Foundation) $1,000
Cedar Hill, Missouri (Highway 30 Foundation) $1,000
Ogdensburg, New York (City of Ogdensburg) $1,000
Corpus Christi, Texas (Junior League of Corpus Christi, Inc.) $1,000
Kettle Falls, Washington (City of Kettle Falls) $1,000
The application deadline for the next round of Tony Hawk Foundation skatepark grants is September 1, 2005. More information regarding deadlines and applicant criteria is available on the foundation's Web site at www.tonyhawkfoundation.org


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You've just added an item to your enquiry. When you're ready you can submit your enquiry here.
Get ready for a bracing round of virtual golf. This is the finest indoor golf simulator in Belfast, using completely state-of-the-art technology. And, unlike other simulators – this provides unique feedback on every aspect of your swing using the electronic floor sensors that show how the club contacts the ball after every shot. Golf will never be the same again…
The sensors, combined with the ball 'in flight' tracking located in the walls and ceilings (we told you this is high-tech), analyses the club head speed, angle and head at, and after, impact, as well as ball speed, club path, tempo and ball angle. You'll see just why your shots hooked, sliced and travelled at certain angles. And, you'll get all of this with a welcome beer, table service and even a delicious pizza. Cheers.
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Over 1800 State Legislators belong to ALEC, an organization backed and controlled by the Koch Bros. All that is needed to take over this country is a few more elected officials. They are extremely close.
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Streetscape Presence
MAMA's streetscape presence via QEII Square creates an epicentre for Albury's CBD.
Migrating Spirits
The four piece Migrating Spirits II - Family by artist Ron Gomboc represents Father, Mother and Siblings 1 + 2, and references Gomboc's own migration experience.
Read more
Unplugged - Robin Yakinthou
'Unplugged' is colourful, playful and humorous in its site placement in QEII Square.
Read more
Public seating
The former Fallon Cellar timber beams, first constructed in 1869, have been 're-birthed' in the form of seating elements in QEII Square, encouraging people to sit and enjoy the surrounds for longer.
Read more
LITE UP AMP Lane
LITE UP AMP Lane is the first in a proposed suite of light based installations within the CBD Laneways of Albury.
Read more
QEII Square Avenue - Luminsque
The botanic theme of 'Vine' graces the QEII Square Avenue with a ribbon- like centre piece glowing with colours and luminescence.
Read more


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Personal letter
Anglų laiškas. I have received your letter and I am writing at once because I can see that you really need advice. I am also in the same situation, but I can just try to help you. Firstly, I think that you should do what you want more. If you want to study one thing, you should do it. After all, you will have a job in the future with that specialty, not your parents.
- Anglų kalba Laiškai
- 2013 m.
- Erika
- 1 puslapis (175 žodžiai)
- Anglų laiškai
- Microsoft Word 9 KB
Personal letter. (2013 m. Rugsėjo 29 d.). http://www.mokslobaze.lt/personal-letter.html Peržiūrėta 2017 m. Lapkričio 23 d. 05:41


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Listed below is a roundup of CL's top picks for comedy shows in Charlotte this week. Hopefully, they keep you entertained and, more importantly, laughing out loud.
• In addition to his joking maneuvers, stand-up comedian Midnight Swinger uses his overall appearance to humor his audience. He resembles a goofy Las Vegas performer from a few eras back. Fashion makeover time? Oh yeah. $10-$15. March 14-15, 8 p.m.; March 16-17, 8 p.m. and 10:15 p.m. The Comedy Zone Charlotte, 900 Seaboard St., Suite B3. 980-321-4702. www.cltcomedyzone.com.
• Comedian Gabriel Iglesias isn't fat, he's "fluffy" — or so he says. Disqualified from NBC's Last Comic Standing in 2006, Iglesias went on to earn the title of "Comedian of the Year" and a TV stint (Gabriel Iglesias Presents Stand Up Revolution) from Comedy Central. Currently on his "Stand Up Revolution Tour," Iglesias pays a visit to Ovens Auditorium. His comedy act consists of parodies, storytelling and right-on imitations. $42. March 17, 7 p.m. Ovens Auditorium, 2700 E. Independence Blvd. 704-372-3600. www.ovensauditorium.com.
• Local comedy troupe Robot Johnson delivers sketches that are funny with or without one of the bar's specialty drinks — created and named after Robot Johnson characters. $10. March 17, 9 p.m. Roux, 3306 N. Davidson St., Suite A.


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Filter Settings
Foreign chronicle 1961 № 5
Newsreel, 1 part, Duration: 0:09:49A 11/14/2012
India, in Delhi.
Kosygin meeting with the Minister of Labor and planning of India, Mr.
Nanda and members of the Planning Commission.
Signing of the agreement.
The war between the Patriotic Front of Laos and right-wing forces supported by the United States. g.
Foreign chronicle 1961 № 6
Newsreel, 1 part, Duration: 0:10:04A 11/14/2012
Cuba, Havana.
Ceremonial presentation of documents on the right to use land residents of the province of Havana's Central Park.
East Germany, Leipzig.
Leipzig Trade Fair Industry.
Customers in the halls of the pavilion.
Foreign chronicle 1961 № 7
Newsreel, 1 part, Duration: 0:09:05A 11/14/2012
Egypt (UAR), Cairo.
Third Conference of African peoples.
Delegates in the hall.
Among the speakers: a representative of the Nigerian Youth Congress O. Otekbeta, delegate of the British Cameroon N. Ngumaza, president of the United Arab Republic, Gamal Abdel Nasser, A. Kiveva (Congo), C. Chiume.
Descent tanker "balaclava" in the Gdansk shipyard.
Foreign chronicle 1961 № 8
Newsreel, 1 part, Duration: 0:10:14A 11/14/2012
The theme is to go into space Yuri Gagarin.
Living in Czechoslovakia, Romania, Poland, read the newspaper reported on the flight, the first cosmonaut.
Newspaper kiosks sell newspapers.
Astrophysicist C. Popovici (Romania) gives an interview (synchronously).
Demonstrations, rallies in Bulgaria, East Germany, Hungary, China, in solidarity with the Cuban people and in protest against the aggressive U.S. policy.
At a rally in Beijing are: Go-Mo-Jo, Lee Dae-Quan.
At a rally in Budapest there are artists of the Cuban ballet.
Foreign chronicle 1961 № 9
Newsreel, 1 part, Duration: 0:08:31A 11/14/2012
May 1, 1961 Holiday demonstration.
Boys and girls are dancing on the square.
East Germany, Berlin.
May Day demonstration.
Demonstration and gymnastic parade in Prague in honor of May 1. Bulgaria.
Foreign chronicle 1961 № 10
Newsreel, 1 part, Duration: 0:10:06A 11/14/2012
Romania, Bucharest.
Celebrations to mark the 50 anniversary of the Romanian Communist Party.
Advocates G. Gheorghiu-Dej.
Speech by the artists at the Central Stadium.
Bulgaria, Plovdiv.
Foreign chronicle 1961 № 11
Newsreel, 1 part, Duration: 0:09:22A 11/14/2012
Austria, Vienna.
Visiting Khrushchev.
Meeting Khrushchev on the platform of the railway station.
Khrushchev welcomed President A. Scherf.
Meetings Khrushchev and U.S. President John F. Kennedy in Vienna.
Bulgaria, Sofia.
Celebrations in honor of education, culture and Slavic Literature.
Foreign chronicle 1961 № 12
Newsreel, 1 part, Duration: 0:10:00A 11/14/2012
East Germany.
Laying wreaths at the monument to Soviet soldiers in Treptow Park in Berlin.
Present: Walter Ulbricht, the Soviet Ambassador to the GDR MG Pervukhin and others.
Korea, the city of Hamhung.
Opening of the factory of artificial fibers.
There is Kim Il Sung.
Corps and one of the shops of the plant.
Foreign chronicle 1961 № 13
Newsreel, 1 part, Duration: 0:09:34A 11/14/2012
Kingdom, London.
Soviet industrial exhibition.
Advocates, Harold Macmillan.
Present NS Patolichev.
Customers visiting the exhibition.
A solemn meeting devoted to the fortieth anniversary of the Communist Party of China in Beijing.
Foreign chronicle 1961 № 14
Newsreel, 1 part, Duration: 0:10:08A 11/14/2012
Issue devoted to international tourism.
Foreign tourists in the Soviet Union.
Tourists in the coach cabin, see the sights of the Kremlin, resting in a sanatorium in Sochi, visit the Botanical Gardens in Yalta, traveling by car on mountain roads of the Caucasus, make a sea voyage on a boat.
Czechoslovakia, Karlovy Vary.
Vacationers resort cities have adopted various procedures, drink mineral water.
Tourists at the resort among vacationers.
Bulgaria, Nessebar.


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Egyptian protesters shout slogans demanding faster reforms during a demonstration at Cairo's Tahrir Square on April 8, 2011 in Cairo, Egypt. Tens of thousands of Egyptians gathered two months after president Hosni Mubarak was ousted UPI
United Press International is a leading provider of news, photos and information to millions of readers around the globe via UPI.com and its licensing services.
With a history of reliable reporting dating back to 1907, today's UPI is a credible source for the most important stories of the day, continually updated - a one-stop site for U.S. and world news, as well as entertainment, trends, science, health and stunning photography. UPI also provides insightful reports on key topics of geopolitical importance, including energy and security.


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Crazy Horse Placemats
Spark engaging conversation around the dinner table with placemats from ©Crazy Horse Memorial. Available in four different images of work being done on Crazy Horse Mountain. Treated with the additive Microban to prevent bacterial growth. 11 x 17. Images available: Climbers, Drill Workers and Large Equipment. Each sold seperately.


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The Italian Club Presents: The Godfather Cert. 15
2 March / 6pm at the Italian Club, film starts at 8pm at FACT / £30 (£10)
In collaboration with FACT, The Italian Club Group brings you an evening of food to 'die for' followed by The Godfather on the big screen.
Join us at The Italian Club at 6pm for a two course meal you can't refuse including a glass of wine, before making your way over to FACT for 8pm, to watch what some regard as the greatest mafia film ever made.
A searing insight into the mafia underworld, The Godfather introduced film audiences to the first family of American crime fiction, the Corleone family, and the powerful legacy of tradition, blood and honour that was passed on from father to son.
Price includes a two course meal and one small glass of wine per person at The Italian Club plus a ticket to the screening of The Godfather in The Box at FACT.
Film-only tickets are also available to purchase for £10 (plus booking fee)
Event times
This event is no longer running.
You may also like
Volunteer at FACT
FACT is looking for people who are passionate about art and technology
Be a FACT Member
Get free tickets, plus 10% off tickets, food and drinks at FACT and beyond


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Upcoming Events - Meetup and Women Mean Business
by: Samuel Suraphel on
Happy to share a few initiatives that seek to further connect and empower African entrepreneurs as well as celebrate, in particular, women entrepreneurs and leaders.
DMV African Entrepreneurs
The DMV African Entrepreneurs meetup was launched for those interested in starting a business in the Africa region, have family or friends looking to do so, or are African entrepreneurs in the D.C., Maryland, or Virginia(DMV) area.
Whether you are at pre-idea stage, to those further down the road of engaging with the new venture creation process, you're welcomed! The meetup is also open to social entrepreneurs/non-profits. Come to discuss and share tips, advise and network with others interested in contributing to the economic growth of the African continent in sectors ranging from technology, media, agriculture and more.
Our first event will cover the recently published e-book "101 Ways To Make Money In Africa". We're happy to leverage this session to help attendees think through a range of ideas brought together by the authors, Harnet Bokrezion PhD and John-Paul Iwuoha.
Women Mean Business
Starting March 7, 2015, we are delighted to join with Rhoyalty Concepts, SBTS Group and other sponsors for Women Mean Business, a series of online events connected with International Women's Day.
Interested in joining online? Please visit the following link to register online. The calendar of events include:
March 7th (10AM – 12PM) – Taking Your Business From Thought To Action
March 9th (8PM – 9PM) – How To Fund Your Entrepreneurial Venture
March 14th (10AM – 12PM) – Balancing Your Business & Your Life
All times are Eastern Standard Time(EST) or UTC -0500.


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HOUSTON (ICIS)--Here are some of the top stories from ICIS Americas for the week ended 8 March 2014.
(Please click on the link to read the full text.)
US February ethylene settles 1.5% lower on weaker spot
US February ethylene contracts were assessed 1.5% lower on Friday following a full settlement.
US crude rises $1.02/bbl on Ukraine crisis
NYMEX light sweet crude for April delivery settled at $102.58/bbl, up $1.02, on the perception that the Ukraine crisis is not easing and is not about to find a diplomatic settlement.
Ex-Fed chief 'moderately optimistic' about industrialised economies
Major industrialised economies such as the US are "showing signs of recovery to different degrees", the former chairman of the Federal Reserve said.
US economy to grow 2.8% this year, manufacturers predict
The US economy likely will expand this year by 2.8%, a key manufacturing group said, raising its forecast from a previous estimate, as consumer spending, business investment and the housing recovery accelerate.
Fossil fuels are part of a clean energy future - EPA administrator
Conventional fuels such as crude oil, natural gas and coal are going to play a critical role in the clean energy future of the US, the head of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) said.
US Feb PET falls 2.5-3.0 cents/lb on lower feedstock
US polyethylene terephthalate (PET) prices for February fell on the back of declining feedstock costs, market sources confirmed.
US March propylene expected to fall on weaker spot market
US March propylene contracts are expected to fall, tracking weakness in the spot market, sources said.
US safety chief urges wider EPA role in chemical site safety
A top federal safety official called for the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to enforce inherently safer technology (IST) at US chemical facilities and refineries, saying the nation is "facing an industrial chemical safety crisis".
US petchem to keep cost advantage with high LNG exports − study
The US petrochemical industry will remain one of the world's lowest cost producers even if the country exports large amounts of liquefied natural gas (LNG), according to the findings of a study.
US firm seeks to upscale method of making chems from CO2
US firm Liquid Light has unveiled a catalytic process to make industrial chemicals from carbon dioxide and now will work on scaling the process up to commercial levels, the CEO said.


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We recommend upgrading to the latest Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, or Firefox.
If you are using IE 9 or later, make sure you turn off "Compatibility View".
Handpicked brands for you
Introducing the second of three releases in the Instrument Panel LTD series, the Scope Ranger 45, now available in limited quantities at select retailers and on nixon.com. Get it now because when they're gone, they're gone (link in bio:...


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15 € voucher15€ Off orders exceeding at least 300€
Would you like to search for an alternative product?
Search for "Peanuts shape sorting cube".
You will see an automatic translation
of the product description.
Paying attention... what colorful blocks fits into the corresponding form?
Learn with joy is peanuts with the dividers no problem. The sweet Snoopy and his friends decorate the dividers-box and inspire again and again. Made of sturdy wood, processed, has your little Explorer from approx. 3 years long enjoyment of the educational game.
Support your child when naming the right color and shape. Then it's the right shape in the peanuts with much tact and finesse to put dividers.
To get the blocks back from the cube, you can easily lift the Red flap. With its handy size, he can be a more entertaining game companion on the road.
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Only sold for private use.* excl. VAT and shipping


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About the Artist:
Glenn Phua
Glenn loves doodling Cantonese typography, architecture and liquor bottles. His keen attention to detail alludes to that of Mr Steven Wiltshire, the renowned British artist with autism. Glenn has produced a vast collection, the form of art prints and products, of unique perspectives of famous skylines, as well as heritage landmarks. Nothing escapes his high stamina ink work.
Product Details for Cushion Cover
All major debit and credit cards accepted All transactions in SGD


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On WLIB we have many ways to communicate - guestbook, private messages and now also wall (recent activity). When we created the wall, we realized that the guestbook is no longer needed. One private and one public communication channel is what's needed.
So we decided to remove the guestbook from the profile navigation, but you can still access it via this link, and if you have any unread guestbook messages, you'll be able to access them by clicking Notification > Guestbook from the top menu
If anyone have any concerns about this, let's hear it here. Hopefully most of you share the opinion for the removal.


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Thank you for visiting Buffy-Boards. You obviously have exceptional taste. We just want you to know that:
1. You really should register so you can chat with us!
2. Ten thousand people can't be wrong.
3. Buffy-Boards loves you.
4. See 1 through 3.
Come on, register already!
Rate the Buffyverse Seasons
Discussion in 'Game Archive' started by Carrie Hopewell, Nov 6, 2016.


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"To support an efficient, effective, sustainable and inclusive VCS which will work collaboratively with Government to effectively deliver against agreed PfG [Programme for Government] outcomes over the next 4 years." Department for Communities, A consultation paper on proposals for the provision of strategic support to the voluntary and community sector in Northern Ireland 2017-2021, September 2016
In an effort to pilot some action learning work in this area, the Department appointed PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (PwC) and their subcontractor, Uscreates, to deliver and pilot an Investment Readiness Programme. The key aims of this Investment Readiness Programme are to:
- Stimulate awareness of social finance and investment in the voluntary and community sector.
- Help social enterprises and Third Sector Organisations (TSOs) assess their current investment readiness.
- Drive demand among TSOs for social finance and investment.
The pilot will run until March 2017. It is comprised of three phases:
- Creating a self-assessment tool.
- Providing one-to-one support.
- Capturing insights from the pilot programme.
We recognise that there is much support information available around investment readiness and social finance. To help raise awareness of the support and guidance materials available and make it easier for organisations to access them we have put together a toolkit of high quality existing resources. This toolkit will allow organisations to determine their own investment readiness and provide them with links to the resources that are most relevant to the needs and issues identified as part of their self-assessment. You can access the How 'investment ready' are you? self-assessment tool here.
Through the pilot programme PwC is providing one-to-one support to a number of organisations to address their development needs and help them to secure investment. The Department sought applications for one-to-one support from organisations who:
- Had completed the self-assessment tool;
- Were actively pursuing at least one investment opportunity at present;
- Had no prior experience of securing investment;
- Could demonstrate an organisational commitment to participating in the programme; and,
- Required capability support to become investment ready.
Applications for this support have now closed.
The pilot will run until March 2017 when PwC will report the findings and recommendations from the pilot to inform the development of a full Investment Readiness Programme.
If you would like more information about the pilot programme please contact Colette McCluskey at firstname.lastname@example.com


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Write an Android application
Bütçe RM825-2475 MYR
2 freelancer bu iş için ortalamada 2028RM teklif veriyor
Hello, How are you today? I am excited to work on your project and I am fully capable of giving you high quality product that will help you grow your business. Hope to discuss about the project more details via c Daha fazlası
Hi, i have read your description and i can provide my services to you to complete your work in time on reasonable budget. My aim is to provide quality and efficient work.


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What is design pattern?
A design pattern is a predefined solution to a recurring Object-Oriented design problem. The design pattern defines a relationship between collaborating interfaces, classes and Objects each with unique role that helps solve the problem.
Interface: Defines a group of property and method signatures.
Class: Defines an implementation of the interfaces it supports.
OMT: Object Modeling Techniques
UML: Unified Modeling Language
10.MVC - Model View Controller
The adapter design pattern provides a new interface to a class, Object or Function that allows it to collaborate with other objects in a given domain
The adapter design pattern is useful in the following circumstances
1. The application's architecture requires a specific interface, but the class you want to use is located in a compiled class library and does not support the interface. Because you don't have to the source code for the class library, adding a new interface to an existing class via inheritance is not an option.
2. Implementing a new interface in an existing class proves to be impractical. A single class might be overloaded with the implementation of numerous interface in an attempt to improve the utility value gained by each caller
3. The functionality to support a specific interface is dispersed among many existing classes in a system. Instead of maintaining separate object references to each class instance needed, you could define a new class that expose a single interface that internally maintains references to that required class instances. Not only do you simply access to a set of objects but you also encapsulate the logic that determines which object to use when.
4. plugging in to the functionality of existing non-object-oriented legacy code make sense. It is often the case that a firm has already invested a considerable amount of time and money in developing services in legacy code. Using the adapter design pattern to reference the legacy code might be more cost effective than rewriting the code as an object – oriented solution.
5. The intention is to extend the functionality of an object without modifying its interface.
1. To enhance the functionality of a class or object by attaching various adaptor classes
2. To attach to different implementation of an adapter that is derived from an abstract interface
The bridge design pattern breaks the direct and permanent link between the interface and the implementation formed by conventional language features which result in the plug and play capability of either the interface or the Implementation of the interface.
1. The client referring an interface defined in an Active-X component is written in a language that does not support inheritance
2. Statically binding an interface to a class too restrictive.
The object by value design passes or return an object by value from one function process to another resulting in the receiving process obtaining a copy of the object rather than a copy of an object reference.
To pass or return a copy of an object to a caller
To pass or return a copy of an object from one process to another
To pass or return a copy of an object between dissimilar object systems
The smart proxy design pattern provides a reference to a surrogate object that represents a real object in a given context
1. If you want to provide transparent access with the more optimal performance to the real object, which does not reside in the same address space as the client thread that initiated the request
2. If you want to regulate access to the real object by requiring the client to have specific rights to invoke the properties and methods of the real object
3. If you want to defer creation of the real object until it's needed
Define an interface for creating objects of a specific type. Object creation occurs in the concrete classes that implement this interface
1. Keeps the client oblivious to the various classes of objects that support a particular interface expected by the client
2. Controls the object creation process, which is impossible using conventional language features such as the NEW key word or CREATE OBJECT function.
The purpose of the singleton design pattern is to permit the creation of only a single instance of a class and to provide a global point of access.
Use of the singleton design pattern when the service of a specific object is required by other objects in the system and when the service must be globally accessible at the same time, the frequency with which clients use the service and the duration of processing the service must not be particularly long.
You have designed an application that requires only a single connection to a database. Different components of the application run unique queries against tables in the database. The database object is globally accessible to all objects in the system. You could define a global database object, but there is no feature in the Microsoft Visual Basic language to prevent a client from creating another instance. Implementing a singleton design pattern will allow you to control the number of database objects that can be created.
To define a common set of interface that allows an object's state to be stored and retrieved from a data store.
Use the repository design pattern for the following purpose
1. To save the state of an object at a specific moment in time.
2. To reestablish the state of an object from a specific moment in time
3. To abstract the varying implementations required to store and retrieve the state of an object from a specific data store
Permit an object to change its behavior when its changes by virtue of changing its class at run time.
Use the state design pattern for the following purpose
To alter an object's behavior at run time based on changes to its internal state
To avoid compound conditional constructs based on an objects state, instead define distinct classes that represent the specific behavior at a given state.
Decouple the direct communication between objects to minimize the interdependent relationship that constrain the ability to change or extend a system
1. To extend a system's functionality in a plug-and-play fashion.
2. To dynamically assemble relationship between objects.
Design patterns are very useful to solve complex design problems if used properly. This article explains the basic concept of the Model View Controller (MVC) design pattern and also shows how closely .NET Framework can be used to implement the MVC design pattern with the one that originally conceived.
Definition/Description: Model View Controller (MVC)
View renders the data from the Model in response to the request made to the model by controlled events made by user interaction.
Model View Controller is a design approach to separate the application object model from GUI, originally invented around 80s. Then later on it has become a widely accepted common design pattern. The main objective behind this pattern is to decouple the view of the data (presentation layer) from the actual data processing so that the same model can be used for various views. This is achieved by using three different types of objects that interact with each other in loosely coupled manner with their discreet set of tasks.
These three objects are known as Model, View and Controller. We will learn for each of them here.
View is the graphical data presentation (outputting) irrespective of the real data processing. View is the responsible for look and feel, some custom formatting, sorting etc. View is completely isolated from actual complex data operations. For example, Online product catalog view is completely separated from database connection, query, tables etc. It simply gets final row-data from the model and puts some cosmetics and formatting before displaying it in browser. View provides interface to interact with the system. The beauty of MVC approach is that it supports any kind of view, which is challenging in todays distributed and multi-platform environment.
A MVC model can have multiple views, which are controlled by controller.
View interface can be of WEB-FORMS, HTML, XML/XSLT, XTML, and WML or can be Windows forms etc.
Model is responsible for actual data processing, like database connection, querying database, implementing business rules etc. It feeds data to the view without worrying about the actual formatting and look and feel. Data provided by Model is display-neutral so it can be interfaced with as many views without code redundancy; this eases your code maintenance and reduces bugs and allows code -reuse at good extent. Model responds to the request made by controllers and notifies the registered views to update their display with new data.
Controller is responsible for Notice of action. Controller responds to the mouse or keyboard input to command model and view to change. Controllers are associated with views. User interaction triggers the events to change the model, which in turn calls some methods of model to update its state to notify other registered views to refresh their display.
Following are the few of the benefits of MVC design pattern.
Since MVC handles the multiple views using the same enterprise model it is easier to maintain, test and upgrade the multiple system.
It will be easier to add new clients just by adding their views and controllers.
Since the Model is completely decoupled from view it allows lot of flexibilities to design and implement the model considering reusability and modularity. This model also can be extended for further distributed application.
It is possible to have development process in parallel for model, view and controller.
This makes the application extensible and scalable.
Requires high skilled experienced professionals who can identify the requirements in depth at the front before actual design.
It requires the significant amount of time to analyze and design.
This design approach is not suitable for smaller applications. It Overkills the small applications.
Design Patterns
Design patterns are recurring solutions to software design problems you find again and again in real-world application development. Patterns are about design and interaction of objects, as well as providing a communication platform concerning elegant, reusable solutions to commonly encountered programming challenges.
The Gang of Four (GoF) patterns are generally considered the foundation for all other patterns. They are categorized in three groups: Creational, Structural, and Behavioral. Here you will find information on these important patterns.
To give you a head start, the C# source code is provided in 2 forms: 'structural' and 'real-world'.
Structural code uses type names as defined in the pattern definition and UML diagrams.
Real-world code provides real-world programming situations where you may use these patterns.
A third form, '.NET optimized' demonstrates design patterns that exploit built-in .NET features, such as, attributes, events, delegation, and reflection. These and much more are available in our unique Design Pattern FrameworkTM. For an example of a .NET optimized pattern see our Singleton page.
I - Creational Patterns
1. Abstract Factory Creates an instance of several families of classes
2. Builder Separates object construction from its representation
3. Factory Method Creates an instance of several derived classes
4. Prototype A fully initialized instance to be copied or cloned
5. Singleton A class of which only a single instance can exist
II - Structural Patterns
1. Adapter Match interfaces of different classes
2. Bridge Separates an object's interface from its implementation
3. Composite A tree structure of simple and composite objects
4. Decorator Add responsibilities to objects dynamically
5. Facade A single class that represents an entire subsystem
6. Flyweight A fine-grained instance used for efficient sharing
7. Proxy An object representing another object
III - Behavioral Patterns
1. Chain of Responsibility. A way of passing a request between a chain of objects
2. Command Encapsulate a command request as an object
3. Interpreter A way to include language elements in a program
4. Iterator Sequentially access the elements of a collection
5. Mediator Defines simplified communication between classes
6. Memento Capture and restore an object's internal state
7. Observer A way of notifying change to a number of classes
8. State Alter an object's behavior when its state changes
9. Strategy Encapsulates an algorithm inside a class
10. Template Method Defer the exact steps of an algorithm to a subclass
11. Visitor Defines a new operation to a class without change
1. Abstract Factory
The Abstract Factory is intended to provide a single interface for clients to use when they need to create a family of related objects without having to specify concrete classes. For example, imagine a system that needs to implement platform-specific user interface objects (menus, toolbars, and so forth) for several different platforms. Abstract Factory simplifies the interface for the client by localizing all of the initialization strategies within a single class, the Abstract Factory. The pattern works to ensure that all the strategies can work together correctly.
To understand Abstract Factory, examine the class diagram shown in the following figure. Note that there are two separate hierarchies. The first represents the various abstractions the client has interest in. For each abstraction, there exists an abstract class definition (AbstractClass1, AbstractClass2, and so on), and the subclasses that provide the concrete implementations (ConcreteClass1A, ConcreteClass1B, and so forth). In the second hierarchy, an abstract AbstractFactory class is defined to provide the interface for each class that is responsible for creating the members of a particular family. For example, ConcreteFactoryB is responsible for creating objects from classes ConcreteClass1B, ConcreteClass2B, and the like. All the client needs to worry about is which family of objects it is interested in creating and calling the appropriate Factory method. Because the client only knows about the abstract interface, it can interact with objects from different families without having to know about their internal implementation details. This approach has the benefit that the family can be allowed to grow without the need to modify the client. The primary drawback of AbstractFactory is that it can limit your flexibility when you want to take advantage of a specific capability a family may have. This is because you must provide a common interface across all families, even if some of them do not have this capability.
2. Builder
Builder is used to separate the construction of complex objects from their representation so the construction process can be used to create different representations. The construction logic is isolated from the actual steps used to create the complex object and, therefore, the construction process can be reused to create different complex objects from the same set of simple objects. This tends to reduce the size of classes by factoring out methods that are responsible for constructing complex objects into a single class (called a Director) that is responsible for knowing how to build complex objects. In addition, Builder can be used when you want to create objects in a step-wise manner depending on parameters you acquire along the way.
The class diagram shown in the next figure shows the client instantiates the Builder and Director classes. The Builder represents the complex object in terms of simpler objects and primitive types. The client then passes the Builder object, as a parameter, to the Director's constructor, which is responsible for calling the appropriate Builder methods. An abstract AbstractBuilder class is created to provide the Director with a uniform interface for all concrete Builder classes. Thus, you can add new types of complex objects by defining only the structure (Builder) and reuse the logic for the actual construction process (Director). Only the client needs to know about the new types. The Director simply needs to know which Builder methods to call.
3. Factory Method
When developing classes, you always provide constructors for your clients' use. There are certain circumstances in which you do not want your clients to know which class out of several to instantiate. The Factory Method is intended to define an interface for clients to use to create an object, but lets subclasses decide which class to instantiate. Factory Methods let a class defer instantiation to subclasses.
As the next class diagram shows, the pattern uses two types of classes. The Product classes, which are the classes that make up your application, and the Creator classes, which are responsible for defining the Factory methods used to create instances of Product objects on the clients behalf. The Creator class defines the factory method, which returns an object of type Product. The patterns uses abstract Product and Creator classes to provide the client with a uniform interface. Concrete classes provide the appropriate implementation for their respective base class. In addition, Creator may also define a default implementation of the factory method that returns a default ConcreteProduct object. It may also call the factory method to create a Product object. Any of these approaches can be used to balance the forces at work on your project.
4. Prototype
The Prototype is a simple pattern intended to provide you with a way to dynamically select which object to instantiate, and to return a clone of a prototypical object. This pattern is useful in applications that use a graphical toolbox to create instances of subclasses that represent the objects used by an application.
As the following class diagram shows, the pattern consists of an abstract Prototype class that defines a Clone(...) method that all concrete Prototypes implement. The client simply calls the Clone(...) method for the specific concrete Prototype it requires.
5. Singleton
There are a number of situations in programming where you need to assure that you have only one instance of a class. Print spoolers, window managers, and so forth, are examples of Singletons. The Singleton is intended to provide a way to ensure that a class provides one instance of itself, and to provide a global point of access.
The following class diagram shows the Singleton is a simple pattern. The Singleton class is responsible for instantiating itself and passing that instance on to the client. Therefore, the access modifier for the Singleton constructor must be either private or protected so the client cannot call the constructor itself. The Singleton also provides a method that returns the sole instance of itself to the client. The first time the client requests an instance, the Singleton will create that instance internally and store it as a private member. Each subsequent call from the client will return that instance.
1. Adapter
The Adapter is intended to provide a way for a client to use an object whose interface is different from the one expected by the client, without having to modify either. This pattern is suitable for solving issues that arise, for example, when: 1) you want to replace one class with another and the interfaces do not match, and 2) you want to create a class that can interact with other classes without knowing their interfaces at design time.
In the class diagram shown for Adapter in the following figure, the client wants to make a specific request of an object (Adaptee). Ordinarily, this would be accomplished by creating an instance of Adaptee and invoking SpecificRequest(...). In this case, however, the client cannot do so because the interfaces do not match (the parameter types are different). Adapter helps you address this incompatibility by providing classes that are responsible for redefining the data types on the client's behalf. First, you create a custom Target class that defines methods using an interface expected by the client. And second, you create a custom Adapter that implements the interface expected by the Adaptee. The Adapter class subclasses the Target, and provides an alternate implementation of the client requests in terms that the Adaptee expects. Adapter overrides the Target method and provides the correct interface for Adaptee. This approach has the advantage that it does not lead to modifications in the client. Adapter is a structural pattern and you can use it to react to changes in class interfaces as your system evolves, or you can proactively use the Adapter pattern to build systems that anticipate changing structural details.
2. Bridge
The Bridge is intended to decouple an abstraction from its implementation so both can vary independently. For example, a significant maintenance headache entails the coupling that occurs between custom classes and the class libraries they use. Bridges are useful for minimizing this coupling by providing an abstract description of the class libraries to the client. For example, a typical abstraction could be created for displaying a record set (DisplayRecordset as an Abstraction). The DisplayRecordset class could then be implemented using a variety of user interface elements (data grids, data lists, etc.), or with different formats (chart, table, and so forth). This has the effect of keeping the client interface constant while you are permitted to vary how abstractions are implemented. In addition, you can localize the logic used to determine which implementation and which abstraction the client object should use. The remaining client methods only need to know about the abstraction.
To illustrate the Bridge Pattern, consider the class diagram displayed in the following figure. The client would have a method such as "SetupAbstraction(...)" that would be responsible for determining which implementation to use for the abstraction. Then the client is free to interact with the Abstraction and the proper implementation class will respond.
3. Composite
The Composite is intended to allow you to compose tree structures to represent whole-part hierarchies so that clients can treat individual objects and compositions of objects uniformly. We often build tree structures where some nodes are containers of other nodes, and other nodes are "leaves." Instead of creating separate client code to manage each type of node, Composite lets a client work with either using the same code.
As the class following diagram shows, the composite pattern consists of an abstract class called a Component, which provides interface for nodes and leaves alike. In addition, the Component may also define a default implementation when it is appropriate. The Leaf and Composite classes provide their own implementations, as well. The key to this pattern is the Composite class, which uses a collection to create complex objects from other objects (Leaves or other Composites). In addition, the composite object provides a way to iterate the composition to execute operations on the individual objects in the composition.
4. Decorator
Ordinarily, an object inherits behavior from its subclasses. The decorator pattern is intended to give you a way to extend the behavior of an object, and you can also dynamically compose an object's behavior. Decorator allows you to do so without the need to create new subclasses.
When you examine the next class diagram, you will notice there are two basic types of classes. The Component, whose behavior you want to extend, and the Decorator, which implements the extended behavior. You can have any number of Components and Decorators. You also provide abstract classes for both types of classes so the client has a common interface. The key to the Decorator is the SetComponent(...) method, which takes a component as an argument. The client is responsible for instantiating the Component and passing it to the Decorator's constructor. The client is then free to utilize the Component's new methods, as implemented in the Director. A really nice feature of the Decorator pattern is that you can decorate specific instances of objects. This is difficult to do if you subclass your components directly.
5. Facade
With the many classes and subsystems we use, it is important to isolate our software and reduce coupling. The Facade Pattern is intended to provide a unified interface to a set of interfaces in a subsystem. The Facade defines a higher-level interface that makes the subsystems easier to use. There are several benefits to Facade. First, it provides developers with a common interface to the subsystem, leading to more uniform code. Second, it isolates your system and provides a layer of protection from complexities in your subsystems as they evolve. Third, this protection makes it easier to replace one subsystem with another because the dependencies are isolated. The main disadvantage of Facade is that it tends to limit your flexibility. You are free, however, to instantiate objects directly from the subsystems.
As the following class diagram shows, the facade pattern provides the client with a uniform interface to the subsystem. Often the code that is inside a facade would have to be inside client code without the facade. The subsystem code beneath the facade can change without affecting the client code.
6. Flyweight
The Flyweight pattern is useful for situations where you have a small number of different objects that might be needed a very large number of times—with slightly different data that can be externalized outside those objects. The Flyweight is intended to use sharing to support large numbers of fine-grained objects more efficiently and reduce resource usage. The pattern makes reference to an object's intrinsic data, that makes it unique and extrinsic data, that gets passed in as parameters. This pattern is useful for applications in which you may need to display icons to represent folders or some other object and don't want to add the overhead of creating new icons for each individual folder. An example would be the right pane of Microsoft Windows Explorer. In this type of situation, it may be better to share instances of a class. This pattern differs from a Singleton because you can have a small number of Flyweights, such as one for every different icon type.
In the next class diagram, the Flyweight class is abstract and defines an interface for all Flyweights to implement behavior to act on extrinsic data. The Concrete Flyweight implements the Flyweight interface and maintains the intrinsic data. A ConcreteFlyweight object must be sharable. Any data it stores must be intrinsic; that is, it must be independent of the ConcreteFlyweight object's context. Not all Flyweight subclasses need to be shared, so you can also create classes for unshared flyweight data, as well. The client is responsible for maintaining references to the flyweight objects and the extrinsic data (data that makes the instance unique).
7. Proxy
The Proxy is intended to provide you with a way to use a surrogate or placeholder to another object in order to control access to it. This pattern is useful for situations where object creation is a time consuming process and can make an application appear sluggish. A proxy object can provide the client with feedback while the object is being created. Proxy can also be used to provide a more sophisticated reference to an object. For example, the proxy object can implement additional logic on the objects behalf (security, remote procedure calls, an so forth).
The next class diagram shows the pattern consists of two types of classes. The Subject is the actual object the client is interested in. An abstract Subject class is defined to provide both the Proxy and the client with a uniform interface to the Actual Subject classes. The Request(...) method is responsible for creating and returning an instance of the Subject. The Proxy overrides this method with its own implementation and manages the reference to the ActualObject class. The Proxy can also implement its own functionality when instantiating the ActualObject class. The client is responsible for selecting and instantiating the Proxy, and some time later, making a call to the Request(...) method. The Proxy responds by returning the actual object.
1. Chain of Responsibility
One of the tenets of software engineering is to keep objects loosely coupled. The Chain of Responsibility is intended to promote loose coupling between the sender of a request and its receiver by giving more than one object an opportunity to handle the request. The receiving objects are chained and pass the request along the chain until one of the objects handles it.
The class diagram, as illustrated in the following figure, shows that the client instantiates the Request and passes it as a parameter to an instance of the Handler. Each concrete handler is responsible for implementing an action to take on the Request object, and to maintain a reference to the next handler in the chain. An abstract Handler is defined to provide a uniform interface for the concrete handlers. The client is responsible for creating Request objects and then passing them to the first handler in the chain. The chain (Handler1 -> Handler2 -> Handler3, and so forth) can be set by the client by calling the SetSuccessor(...) for each handler it instantiates.
2. Command
The Command pattern is intended to encapsulate a request as an object. For example, consider a window application that needs to make requests of objects responsible for the user interface. The client responds to input from the user by creating a command object and the receiver. It then passes this object to an Invoker object, which then takes the appropriate action. This allows the client to make requests without having to know anything about what action will take place. In addition, you can change that action without affecting the client. Practical uses for Command are for creating queues and stacks for supporting "undo" operations, configuration changes, and so on.
As shown in the following class diagram, the client instantiates the Receiver class and passes it as an argument to the constructor of the ConcreteCommand class. The Receiver is responsible for carrying out the specific actions required and fulfilling the request. An abstract class is defined to provide a uniform interface for the concrete Command class. The concrete Command classes are responsible for executing the appropriate methods on the Receiver. The client uses the Invoker to ask the Command when to carry out the request. One drawback to the Command pattern is that it tends to lead to a proliferation of small classes; however, it does lead to simpler clients for supporting modern user interfaces.
3. Interpreter
Some applications provide support for built-in scripting and macro languages so users can describe operations they can perform in the application. The Interpreter is intended to provide you with a way to define a representation of the grammar of a language with an interpreter that uses the representation to interpret sentences in the language.
The following class diagram shows that you define two types of classes. A Context is responsible for the data that is accessible to the Interpreter. You also define an abstract Expression class that declares an abstract Interpret operation. Terminal and Nonterminal concrete classes are defined that inherit the abstract Expression interface. They provide the implementation for the Interpet(...) function, which is responsible for the interpret operation to be performed on the terminal and nonterminal tokens, respectively, for the abstract tree syntax. In the case of nonterminal expressions, you need to define a class for each rule in your grammar. The client is responsible for creating the abstract syntax tree using the terminal and nonterminal expression objects as appropriate, and calling the interpret(...) method. Because the different expressions conform to the expression interface, the client can interpret the complete expression without knowing the structure of the abstract tree.
4. Iterator
The Iterator pattern provides a client with a way to access the elements of an aggregate object sequentially without having to know the underlying representation. Iterator also provides you with a way to define special Iterator classes that perform unique processing and return only specific elements of the data collection. The Iterator is especially useful because it provides the client with a common interface so it doesn't need to know anything about the underling data structure.
The following class diagram shows the Iterator pattern consists of a Node Collection, a Node class, and the Iterator classes. An abstract Iterator class provides a uniform interface for the various concrete Iterator classes to implement. The client creates instances of the Node collection and adds Nodes objects as appropriate. Finally, it creates an instance of the appropriate Iterator and uses it to traverses the node collection accordingly. With this technique, you can build a family of generic methods for traversing node collections.
5. Mediator
Applications with many classes tend to become brittle as communication between them becomes more complex. The more classes know about each other, the more difficult it becomes to change the software. Mediator is intended to define an object that encapsulates how a set of objects interacts. Mediator promotes loose coupling by keeping objects from referring to each other explicitly, and lets you vary their interaction independently.
The next class diagram shows that Mediator consists of two types of classes, Colleague and Mediator. Colleagues are the objects from your application that you want to interact, and Mediators are responsible for defining the interactions. In the Mediator class, you define the methods that act on the Colleague objects and a method for introducing Colleagues. The client is responsible for instantiating the appropriate Colleague objects and the Mediator, and passing the Colleague objects to the Mediator's IntroduceColleagues(...) method. The client can then invoke the appropriate method on the Colleague objects. The Mediator assures the requests are passed to the interacting Colleagues. The main benefit of Mediator is that the interactions between relating objects are removed from the objects themselves and localized in the Mediator.
6. Memento
Client code often needs to record the current state of an object, without being interested in the actual data values (for example,, supporting undo operations). To support this behavior, we can have the object record its internal data in a helper class called a Memento, and the client code can treat this object like a black box for storing its current state. Then, at some later point in time, the client can pass the Memento back into the object, to restore it to a previous state. The Memento provides you with a way to capture and externalize an object's internal state so that it can be restored at a later time. It does this by violating encapsulation and without making the object responsible for this capability itself.
The class diagram for memento (see the next figure) shows the Originator as the object whose state you want to persist. You need to define the Memento class, which is responsible for storing the internal state or the Originator object. Finally, you define a Caretaker class that is responsible for protecting the Memento object. The key to Memento is that the Originator defines methods for creating and setting the Memento. In addition, Memento objects implement dual interfaces: one for the Originator and one for the Caretaker. Caretaker sees a narrow interface to the Memento—it can only pass the Memento to other objects. Originator, in contrast, sees a wide interface, one that lets it access all the data necessary to restore itself to its previous state. Ideally, only the originator that produced the memento would be permitted to access the memento's internal state. The client decides when it wants to store the state of the originator. It does so by invoking the Originators CreateMemento(...) method. The state can be restored by invoking SetMemento(...).
7. Observer
The Observer pattern is useful when you need to present data in several different forms at once. The Observer is intended to provide you with a means to define a one-to-many dependency between objects so that when one object changes state, all its dependents are notified and updated automatically. The object containing the data is separated from the objects that display the data and the display objects observe changes in that data.
As the next class diagram shows, there are basically two different types of objects: a Subject and an Observer. The Subject corresponds to the data object whose state you want to track. The Observer is the object that is interested in changes in the Subject object data. To set up the pattern, Subject classes implement a method for registering Observers and for attaching and detaching them from a collection object. In addition, Subjects also implement GetState(...) and SetState(...) methods for the Observer to call. Finally, you also need a notify(...) method to notify all registered Observers when the data has changed. In addition to the Subject, you can also create Subject subclasses to store the Subject's state to satisfy any special requirements of concrete Observers. For Observers, you define a custom abstract Observer class to provide clients with a uniform interface, and subclass the implementation details.
8. State
The State pattern is useful when you want to have an object represent the state of an application, and you want to change the state by changing that object. The State pattern is intended to provide a mechanism to allow an object to alter its behavior in response to internal state changes. To the client, it appears as though the object has changed its class. The benefit of the State pattern is that state-specific logic is localized in classes that represent that state.
The next class diagram shows how to implement the State pattern. You define a Context class and an abstract class, State class, which your custom State handlers can implement. The Context class is responsible for calling the appropriate state handlers. The client instantiates the Context class and calls the Request(...) method with the appropriate arguments. The Request(...) method then determines which state handler should handle the request and passes the data to the Handle(...) method. The benefit of the State pattern is deeply nested or complex if statements are localized in the Context class instead of the client. Therefore, when the state of an application has to change in response to use input, the client merely passes this data to the Context object and the appropriate updates to the application state are made.
9. Strategy
The Strategy pattern is very useful for situations where you would like to dynamically swap the algorithms used in an application. If you think of an algorithm as a strategy for accomplishing some task, you can begin to imagine ways to use Strategy. Strategy is intended to provide you with a means to define a family of algorithms, encapsulate each one as an object, and make them interchangeable. Strategy lets the algorithms vary independently from clients that use them.
The following class diagram shows the Strategy pattern basically consists of a context class and a set of strategy classes. You define an abstract strategy class that your custom strategy classes can implement. Each strategy object implements the algorithm that makes it unique. The client instantiates the strategy class and passes it as an argument when it calls the constructor of the context class. The client is then able to call methods on the context object and any strategy specific methods as necessary. Because the context creates an instance of the abstract Strategy, the client is effectively using polymorphism to call strategy-specific methods on the context object.
10. Template Method
The Template Method is a simple pattern. You have an abstract class that is the base class of a hierarchy, and the behavior that is common to all objects in the hierarchy is implemented in the abstract class. Other details are left to the individual subclasses. The Template pattern is basically a formalism of the idea of defining an algorithm in a class but leaving some of the details to be implemented in subclasses. Another way to think of the Template Method is that it allows you to define a skeleton of an algorithm in an operation and defer some of the steps to subclasses. Template Method lets subclasses redefine certain steps of an algorithm without changing the algorithm's structure.
The next class diagram shows the Template method simply consists of an abstract class and subclasses. These classes define a set of primitive behaviors that make up a specific piece of functionality in the application. Behaviors common to all objects (TemplateMethod(..)) are implemented in the abstract class. Subclasses are free to provide an alternate implementation (overriding a method), or to provide methods specific to a particular concrete class (such as Step1(...) and Step2(...)).
11. Visitor
The Visitor pattern uses an external class to act on data in other classes. This is a useful approach to you when you have a polymorphic operation that cannot reside in the class hierarchy. Visitor is also a useful way to extend the behavior of a class hierarchy without the need to alter existing classes or to implement the new behavior in every subclass that requires it.
The following class diagram shows that the Visitor pattern consists of two different types of classes, Elements and Visitors. Elements are the objects your application uses and Visitors are encapsulated behaviors that are required for each concrete Element. Each Element must implement the Accept( ) method, which takes Visitor as an argument. In addition, each Visitor must provide an implementation of the VisitElementX( ) method for each element in the object structure. The client acts to instantiate the element class and the visitor class. The client then passes the visitor object to the element's Accept( ) method, and then calls the elements methods to have it perform operations. The actual action that gets performed is determined by which visitor class was instantiated by the client.
ASP : Application Service Provider
An application service provider (ASP) is a company that offers individuals or enterprises access over the Internet to application programs and related services that would otherwise have to be located in their own personal or enterprise computers.


text:
A heartbreaking and moving story about a daughter's quest to discover the truth about her father's hidden past.
Ada Sibelius is raised by David, a single father and head of a computer science lab in Boston. Homeschooled, she accompanies her loving father - brilliant, eccentric, socially inept - to work every day. By 12 she is a painfully shy prodigy.
At the same time that the lab begins to gain acclaim, David's mind begins to falter, and his mysterious past comes into question. When her father moves into a nursing home, Ada is taken in by one of David's colleagues. She embarks on a mission to uncover her father's secrets: a process that carries her from childhood to adulthood. Eventually Ada pioneers a type of software that enables her to make contact with her past and to reconcile the man she thought she knew with the truth.
Praised for her ability to create quirky and unforgettable characters, Liz Moore has written a piercing story of a daughter's quest to restore the legacy of the father she desperately loves.
"In her third novel, Moore delivers a striking examination of family, memory, and technology…Moore's exploration of David's decline is remarkable and heartbreaking, and she shifts gears deftly as the story is complicated further: when Liston tries to become Ada's legal guardian, questions about David's identity arise.... Mysteries build, and Moore's gift for storytelling excels. This is a smart, emotionally powerful literary page-turner." (Publishers Weekly)
"Moore's third and perhaps most ambitious novel is large in scope, as it explores the philosophical issues surrounding human vs. computer consciousness, but it is also a small-scale, powerfully local story about a young girl.... Moore's vivid characters will stay with readers long after the story has ended. Highly recommended for literary fiction enthusiasts, with crossover appeal to sf fans." (Library Journal)
"Intelligent and brilliantly absorbing.... Filled with achingly memorable scenes...and beautifully nuanced writing, Moore's latest is a stunner in its precise take on identity and the compromises even the most righteous among us must make to survive life's challenges with grace." (Booklist)
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Enjoyable Not Riveting
- Polly
Appreciated but Not Enjoyed
I'm not sure where to begin. I respect Ms. Moore's tackling the idea, the premise, the story layers, however felt at times I was listening to a YA book...perhaps because the young Ada was well drawn and quite likable. I found the language uncomfortably stilted...which had its justification, but for me was a constant distraction and caused the often very slow pace to further lose momentum. This tale might be better told in cinematic terms with visuals replacing many of the repetitive computer and coding references. Typically I am sad when a book ends even as I am compelled to listen and reach the conclusion, but I could not wait to get to the end of those one. It was work.
I'm not sure! I think I might carefully read other listener and reader comments first!
Modulated / Editorial / Directive
I'm sorry to say, for me, no. I wish I could have spent those hours in the company of characters I cared more about. But, I felt I should see this one through for some reason. Maybe because there was an underlying earnestness and I appreciated the effort to construct the story, but I frequently found myself checking how long there was left.
- Margot T.


text:
Tuesday, May 2nd, 2017
Tuesday, August 30th, 2016
A developed country is not a place where the poor have cars; it's where the rich use public transportation.
Petro Gustavo, Mayor of Bogota
Monday, April 25th, 2016
With Rolls Royce's convertible new Dawn, the tradition of silence extends to the roof (1-min video).
Tuesday, May 20th, 2014
Bentley film about integrating the iPad in the back seats — shot with iPhone 5s.
Monday, May 19th, 2014
Could it be that so many million more cars are being produced each year than are bought?


text:
Central Asia Oil Pipes (Current and Proposed). Source: EIA. Central Asia Natural Gas Pipes (Current & Proposed). EIA.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.


text:
Fully Licensed & Bonded
Nestled within the hustle and bustle of Manhattans Times Square steps away from Chelsea, THE OUT NYC is an oasis meticulously designed to surpass every expectation of our discerning clientele. Whether youre an international visitor looking for the ultimate New York City adventure or a weary local in need of a one-night staycation, THE OUT NYC is the Big Apples local sanctuary for travelers from every walk of life, in Hells Kitchen. Like New York City itself, THE OUT NYC is defined by limitless possibilities. Discover your home away from home in one of the hotels 101 contemporary guest rooms and gain access to our unique outdoor spaces, expertly curated art collection, and comprehensive amenities. Experience the acclaimed culinary achievements of chef Dale Schnell at KTCHN, a modern American restaurant boasting a Mediterranean flair. Relax your mind and elevate your senses at The Spa, where an team of expert masseurs, facialists and personal trainers deliver results against the backdrop of a glass 23-foot high glass atrium, a cascading waterfall and private year-round cabanas. And when night falls and the city comes alive, youre merely few steps away from XL Nightclub. Luxurious yet comfortable, and inclusive in every way, THE OUT NYC is a revolutionary experience that delivers immediate access to, and unparalleled sanctuary from, New York City in one unique property.\n\nLocation\nThe Out NYC is close to Times Square, and Broadway. Also nearby are Rockefeller Center and Empire State Building.\n\nDistance\n17 kms to the nearest airport (john f. kennedy international airport)\nClose to the station (new york pennsylvania train st)\nClose to the trade fair ground (jacob k. javits convention cen)\n\nExterior\nThis is a modern building.\n\nLobby\nThe lobby is medium in size.


text:
Year Established:
Business Type:
Management Certifiation:
Application rangethe engine coolant corrosion Meter instrument specifically designed and manufactured according to the the petrochemical Standard SH / T 0085 "engine coolant corrosion Determination (glassware Act)".Provides for glassware, corrosion of engine coolant typical metal specimens was measured in the laboratory under control led conditions.
Function characteristics
1. with integrated design, simple operation;
2. automatically prompt overflow design, full of water;
3. rapid sealing valve design, to facilitate the replacement of the bath;
4.engine coolant corrosion analyzer test cup quick plug design, fast, stable, safe;
5.using the precision flowmeter control flow, the user at any time adjustable;
6.with professional air pump gas supply, stable airflow, noise-free;
7.embedded drying system, replacement desiccant convenient, beautiful.
Technical parameters
1.input power: 220V ± 10% 50HZ;
2. heating power: 2000W;
3.the heating medium: glycerin (glycerol), or a flash point greater than 100 ° C heating oil;
4.test holes: 4 holes;
5.time: automatic timing;
6.Ambient temperature: 5 to at 35 ° C;
To pursue high product quality and facilitate innovation, our company combines the Chinese and Western industrial culture and techniques to uphold the artisan spirit. As the management ideas continue to carve our products, and constantly improve our process, we aim to keep pace with the market demand, to create a new management model and to produce new products to meet customers' growing demand.
We have always been committed on building long-term competitiveness, developing new products, increasing products' added value and strengthening brand reputation. For the continuity of business vitality,our company vigorously introduced a group of Our idea is: cultivating, cherishing and caring our staff; encouraging our staff to make the full use of their potential; accelerating the upgrade of the company's main business, and making efforts to become the most promising enterprise in the industry.


text: Going the gift card route for Christmas this year and looking for some ideas for one couple in particular. They live in Quincy, but I'm sure they would travel a bit. I know they go out for brunch a lot and like cool / trendy spots. I'm out of the loop these days, so I don't know what's good / hot. These are guys in their late 40's / early 50's, so not trendy in the just-out-of-college sense. A place for a good cocktail or wine would be a plus.


text:
Eurogamer.net • Articles Opinion • Digital Foundry Saturday Soapbox
Popular now
Has Respawn fixed Titanfall 2 on Xbox One X?
New patch delivers a solid improvement.
Sunday, 19 November 2017
Digital Foundry: the best 2017 4K TVs for HDR gaming
Looking to make the jump to a UHD screen? We've got you covered.
Wednesday, 15 November 2017
Has Respawn fixed Titanfall 2 on Xbox One X?
New patch delivers a solid improvement.
Saturday, 11 November 2017
Wolfenstein 2: the biggest jump yet from PS4 Pro to Xbox One X?
Peak resolution leaps from 1440p to full 4K - but what about performance?
Thursday, 9 November 2017
Assassin's Creed Origins: Xbox One X is improved, but to what extent?
Impressive resolution boosts over PS4 Pro, but no game-changing improvements.
Tuesday, 7 November 2017
Sonic Forces focuses on PS4 with clear issues on other systems
Xbox One and Switch have big downgrades, while Pro and Xbox One X deliver meagre improvements.
The Intel and AMD partnership: what does it mean for gamers?
Digital Foundry on one of the biggest announcements in PC gaming history.
Monday, 6 November 2017
Something's not right with Titanfall 2 on Xbox One X
Dynamic res scales beyond 4K - but intense scenes look better on PS4 Pro.
Wednesday, 1 November 2017
What does the Metal Gear Solid 5 PS4 Pro patch actually do?
A barebones upgrade.
Thursday, 26 October 2017
How Super Mario Odyssey pushes Switch to its limits
Digital Foundry on the techniques used to create the most advanced Mario title yet.
Wednesday, 25 October 2017
Digital Foundry unboxes the final retail Xbox One X
Plus: details on upcoming review coverage.
Tuesday, 24 October 2017
The Bungie interview: how Destiny 2 on PC is more than just a port
"We've ended up in a really, really great spot."
Friday, 13 October 2017
Gran Turismo Sport is HDR's killer app
A game-changing experience.
Thursday, 12 October 2017
How Star Wars Battlefront 2's stunning tech scales across consoles
Digital Foundry breaks down the beautiful beta on PS4, Pro and Xbox One.
Monday, 9 October 2017
Digital Foundry: how Cuphead takes retro to the cutting edge
A unique and exceptional achievement.
Sunday, 8 October 2017
How community coders are remaking the best - and the worst - Sonic games
Can the future of the franchise be found in fan-made demos?
Friday, 6 October 2017
Does The Witcher 3 on PS4 Pro deliver a top-tier 4K experience?
And is performance better or worse than base hardware?
Thursday, 5 October 2017
Intel Coffee Lake-S: Core i7 8700K review
The fastest gaming CPU money can buy.
Here's what The Witcher 3 looks like at 4K on PS4 Pro
First impressions from Digital Foundry.
Saturday, 30 September 2017
Ataribox: Ouya 2.0, evolved Steam Machine or something more?
What would it take for PC hardware to challenge consoles in the living room?
Wednesday, 27 September 2017
True 4K isn't the best way to play Rise of the Tomb Raider on Xbox One X
Digital Foundry's full take on the early demo.
Tuesday, 26 September 2017
How Super Mario Odyssey scales across docked and handheld modes
HDTV gameplay moves up to 900p, mobile hits 720p60.
Thursday, 21 September 2017
Digital Foundry: Hands-on with Switch's 'impossible' Doom port
And can a PC specced to match Nintendo's hybrid deliver the same experience?
Wednesday, 20 September 2017
Can Xbox One X really run Quantum Break at 4K?
Digital Foundry goes hands-on.
Rise of the Tomb Raider shines in HDR on Xbox One X
And Digital Foundry has the gameplay capture to prove it.
Tuesday, 19 September 2017
Project Cars 2 runs best on PlayStation 4 Pro
Console performance analysed: Sony's super-charged console gets closest to a locked 60fps.
Sunday, 17 September 2017
DF Retro: we play every single Doom console conversion
Doom 2016 on Switch isn't the only 'impossible' port: the original game had its own triumphs - and disasters.
Thursday, 14 September 2017
New Xbox One tech can save hard drive space and cut download times
And there's multi-disc game support too.
Wednesday, 13 September 2017
iPhone X: Apple bets the future of smartphones on Kinect's failed tech
Face ID shares DNA with Xbox's unloved camera - and seems to have similar problems.
Tuesday, 12 September 2017
Switch's Rayman Legends: Definitive Edition is far from definitive
A great game still shines, but it should have been better.
Saturday, 9 September 2017
Mario + Rabbids is Switch's unlikeliest tech showcase
The Division's Snowdrop engine transitions beautifully to Nintendo's console hybrid.
Thursday, 7 September 2017
Halo Wars 2: how Xbox One X compares to base hardware and PC
Digital Foundry's first look at X scalability on a Play Anywhere title.
Tuesday, 5 September 2017
How Knack 2 offers players more on PS4 Pro
Checkerboarding for 4K screens, a high frame-rate mode - and more.
Sunday, 3 September 2017
Tech Evolution: 25 years of Super Mario Kart
Nine games analysed across nine consoles: Digital Foundry charts the evolution of the classic series.
Saturday, 2 September 2017
What does it take to run Destiny 2 at 1080p60?
Digital Foundry on how budget PC hardware can deliver a superb experience.
Thursday, 31 August 2017
Can Call of Duty: World War 2 improve on one of gaming's fastest engines?
Digital Foundry gets to grips with Sledgehammer's PS4 and Pro beta code.
Tuesday, 29 August 2017
Yakuza Kiwami is the next best thing to a Shenmue remake
Digital Foundry on how the PS4 remake dramatically improves on the PS2 original.
Saturday, 26 August 2017
How Rise of the Tomb Raider on Xbox One X improves over PS4 Pro
UPDATE: Screenshot and video comparison assets added to the analysis.
Thursday, 24 August 2017
Hands-on with 10 Xbox One X games that show us what it's really capable of
Digital Foundry takes on Quantum Break, Titanfall 2, Gears of War 4, F1 2017, Shadow of War - and more.
Wednesday, 23 August 2017
Digital Foundry: Hands-on with Skyrim on Switch
Nintendo reveals first playable code at Gamescom.
Monday, 21 August 2017
Watch Uncharted: The Lost Legacy running at 60fps
Check out Digital Foundry's first PS4 Pro 4K HDR video.
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text:
Nevsky Font
The "Nevsky" font that I made is inspired by the old cyrillic and glagolitic handwriting alphabets. I took the original form of traditional wooden stick form to represent the thick and thin strokes. It also takes some forms from the orthodox church lettering. Here I show the final result, but there is a large searching and sketch work that I unfortunately lost.


text:
The Water Park condominium offers first class facilities and amenities. Two rooftop pools, one for adults and one for children with slides. There is an additional pool located on the ground floor surrounded by beautiful landscaped islands, fountains and a pool bar. The rooftop also provides you with fully-equipped rooftop fitness area.
The Water Park condominium offers a beautiful ocean view, being surrounded by some small townhouses and villas that don't go over 3 storeys in height.
The Water Park condominium is located in the prestigious area of Pratumnak. It has 210 apartments over 8 floors. Only a few minutes walk from the beach and only 5 minutes away from Pattaya's city center and the world famous Walking Street.


text:
- English
- français
Quantum mechanical repulsion of exciton levels in a disordered quantum well evidenced by near-field spectroscopy
Near-field photoluminescence spectra of a single quantum well dominated by emission from localized excitons are subjected to a statistical analysis of the two-energy autocorrelation function, This analysis is compared to a theoretical model of the exciton center-of-mass motion in a two-dimensional spatially correlated disordered potential. The spatial and energetic parameters of the disorder potential underlying the excitonic motion are extracted and clear signature,,, of quantum-mechanical energy level repulsion are revealed. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
- View record in Web of Science
Keywords: Level Repulsion ; Exciton Localization ; Low Temperature Near-Field Spectroscopy ; Center-Of-Mass Theory ; Photoluminescence
Record created on 2009-09-22, modified on 2017-05-12
- There is no available fulltext. Please contact the lab or the authors.


text:
A Beautiful New World Trailer (1999)
19 February 1999 Drama, Comedy 97 mins
A satirical comedy about a country bumpkin who goes to the big city, and ends up teaching the cynical city folk a few lessons about basic human decency. The hero leaves home for the first time to go to Shanghai, to collect his lottery prize - a brand new apartment. However, when he arrives, he is told by the developers that his apartment block will take a year and a half to complete. He decides to find a job in Shanghai and wait for his apartment to materialise...
Watch the official A Beautiful New World 1999 trailer in HD below or find more A Beautiful New World videos on Vidimovie.


text:
Stock Graphic >> Illustration - Musical notes 136542 by Oleksii @ CreativeMarket
File Size: 1.45 MB; Layered: Yes; Vector: Yes.
Various musical notes icon set in grey. Vector illustration.
Keywords: music, musical, treble, clef, note, vector, sheet, symbol, staff, entertainment, art, pattern, key, signature, decoration, element, illustration, design, shape, painting.


text:
HP 8150n, LaserJet. Maximum resolution: 1200 x 1200 DPI, Maximum duty cycle: 150000 pages per month, Duplex printing: O. Print speed (black, normal quality, A4/US Letter): 32 ppm, Print speed (black, normal quality, A3): 16 ppm, Time to first page (black, normal): 17 s. Standard input capacity: 2000 sheets, Maximum input capacity: 2000 sheets. Standard output capacity: 600 sheets. Maximum ISO A-series paper size: A3, Standard tray media types: Bond paper, Card stock, Envelopes, Labels, Plain paper, Pre-printed, Recycled paper, Rough paper,..., ISO A-series sizes (A0...A9): A3,A4
The HP LaserJet 8100 Series and Mopier 320 Printers ensure optimum print quality and reliability and a low overall cost of ownership in the most demanding printer environments. To get the best results from your HP LaserJet Printer, always use original HP Supplies and Accessories. With everything working together throughout the printing process, you will get trouble-free performance and output that is always clear, always sharp.


text:
Penrite Cutrite Eco is an environmentally friendly, biodegradable, vegetable based, timber saw blade cutting oil. It is fortified with extreme pressure and anti-corrosion additives for superior cutting performance and anti-wear properties. It also has good water displacing abilities, resisting water wash off and the corrosive effects of tree sap.
Penrite Cutrite Eco is harmless to the environment.
Penrite Cutrite Eco is designed for use as a saw guide or cutting oil for all the various types of saws, both circular and band, in the timber cutting industry. Because of the harmless effect on the environment, it is safe to use in sensitive logging areas and forests such as State and National parks, golf courses, wilderness areas and wild life habitats including water catchments.
Penrite Cutrite Eco is best used at operating temperatures less than 80C for optimum performance.
For product safety and handling information, refer to Safety Data Sheet (SDS SHEET) below
|ISO Grade
|Density at 15°C, kg/L
|Viscosity, Kinematic, cSt at 40°C
|Viscosity, Kinematic, cSt at 100°C
|Viscosity Index
|Biodegradability, CEC L33 A93, %
|Flash Point, °C


text:
|Business Hours
|Monday – Friday
|09:00 – 19:00
|09:00 – 18:00
|10:00 – 17:00
Call 01732 736 000 to Book Your Test Drive Now!
Here at Wilsons we are offering you the opportunity of an extended 48 hour test drive with the new Peugeot 308 GT Line. Forget taking a potential new car out for a 20 minute spin around the block; get to know your new car intimately by carrying out your usual daily activities such as the school run, weekly food shop or commute to work.
Peugeot 308 GT Key Features:
You can do as much research as physically possible, but you won't really know what a car is like until you've sat behind the wheel and felt what is it like on the road. Our 48 hour test drive allows you to feel comfortable inside the cabin of the 308 thanks to the PEUGEOT i-Cockpit with its digital head-up instrument panel and compact leather steering wheel.
Navigate to new and exciting places with the 308 GT Line's navigation capabilities or enjoy listening to your music through the large 9.7" touchscreen with Bluetooth connectivity. Personalise the infotainment system with apps to suit your lifestyle with a range of services including Trip Advisor to provide reviews of nearby restaurants, pubs, hotels and attractions.
Peugeot boasts the 2016 Engine of the Year award with superior technology that means you will experience exceptionally efficient driving every time you take the 308 for a spin. Whether you test a PureTech petrol engine or BlueHDi diesel engine, you will enjoy low CO2 emissions and excellent MPG figures which means that you will have fewer trips to the petrol station every month.
Call 01732 736 000 to Book Your Test Drive Now!
|Finance Provided by
|Peugeot Financial Services
|Finance Package
|PCP Passport
|Cash Price (a)
|Less Customer Deposit (b)
|Less Deposit Contribution (c)
|Amount to Finance (a minus b,c)
|Duration of agreement
|36 months
|36 Monthly Payments
|£289.97 (total £10,438.92)
|Total Interest
|Total Amount Payable by customer (should you return the car)
|Optional Final Payment (should you keep the car)
|Total Amount Payable by customer (should you keep the car)
|Total Amount Payable (under the agreement)
|Annual Mileage Limit
|Excess Mileage Charge
|8p per mile (e.g. 1,000 excess miles = £80)
|Annual Percentage Rate (APR)
|Make an Enquiry


text: Out of curiousity, I was wondering if Verizon counts IM clients as texts or as data usage? I've read various conflicting posts saying that Google Talk counts as data while all other clients count as texts and others saying all IMs count as texts. I have the unlimited texting plan so ultimately it doesn't matter, but I'd like to know if I use ebuddy or the actual Yahoo IM client off the market if it will use texts or data. You'd figure it should be data, but knowing how cell companies work, and especially Verizon, I wouldn't be surprised if they used this as yet another chance to squeeze people into higher rate plans and options. Hell, texts shouldn't even count beyond data anyways, but that's a whole nother thorn in my craw. Thanks!


text:
relationships Eric Clapton's Loves & Hookups
Who is Eric Clapton dating? Who Eric Clapton dated; list of Eric Clapton loves, ex girlfriends; breakup rumors. The loves, exes and relationships of Eric Clapton, listed by most recent.
This list contains information about Eric Clapton's famous exes like Sheryl Crow and Patty Boyd.Which of Eric Clapton's exes is the hottest? Take a look at this list and share your thoughts in the comments section.
Eric Clapton and Sheryl Crow were a couple from 1998 - 2002.
Age: 55
Birthplace: Kennett, Missouri, United States of America
Profession: Film Score Composer, Record producer, Musician, Music Teacher, Singer-songwriter, + more
Credits: Boyhood, K-PAX, Cars, Point Break
Also Ranked
#48 on The Best Current Female Singers
#56 on The Best Female Vocalists Ever
#81 on The Female Singer You Most Wish You Could Sound Like
#75 on The Greatest Musical Artists of the '90ssee more on Sheryl Crow
Eric Clapton reportedly hooked-up with Sharon Stone in 1996.
Age: 59
Birthplace: Meadville, Pennsylvania, United States of America
Profession: Fashion Model, Film Producer, Actor, Voice acting
Credits: Casino, Total Recall, Basic Instinct, The Quick and the Dead
Also Ranked
#55 on The Best American Actresses Working Today
#62 on The Best Living American Actresses
#51 on The Greatest American Actresses of All Time
#37 on The Best Actresses Who Have Never Won an Oscar (for Acting)see more on Sharon Stone
In 1996, Eric Clapton was rumored to be in a relationship with Charlotte Lewis after he paid for her to go to rehab.
Age: 48
Birthplace: England, Kensington, London
Profession: Actor
Credits: The Golden Child, Embrace of the Vampire, Pirates, Storyville, Excessive Force, + moresee more on Charlotte Lewis


text:
MARITIME RISK ASSESSMENTThe latest amendment to ISM Code came into effect from 1st July 2010. One of the amendments relates to requirements for the Company to assess all identified risks & establish appropriate safe guards. This is a new auditable requirement which is likely to be verified during audits onboard vessels and shore offices.
Training provides participants with basic working knowledge to conduct incident & accident investigations within their companies. The course is structured to provide comprehensive training in the theory and practical aspects of incident and accident investigations, providing a systematic approach in identify and treating root causes to prevent recurrence of undesired events.


text: On Saturday I was in Anchorage at the Kincaid Park Chalet to photograph Liela & Wesley's wedding. It was a beautiful day and we had plenty of time to explore the park and get the goods. The ceremony was outside which is always nice to do when the weather allows as it's a beautiful spot with views of the inlet and volcanoes.