text:
If you are living in the United States, you have undoubtedly heard about immigration concerns recently as the election has brought the subject into the spotlight. However, you should learn more about the history of this so that you can understand the implications of each side of the debate and form your realistic response to others when the situation arises.
The first thing to realize is that there have been people living on this land for thousands of years. Although Europeans began colonization and exploration hundreds of years ago, the first people from Europe to set foot on the soil were, in fact, immigrants themselves.
At the time the nation was formed, the residents of the newly created country were all immigrants. That is because the natives of the land were
not given status as citizens for quite some time. However, others entering the country were able to obtain immigration status and become citizens, starting businesses, buying land and raising their families.
People came to the US from Europe, Africa, and Asia once the travel routes were well documented. Men, women, and children came to the newly discovered land, though not all of the people that arrived on the land were here voluntarily. Some of these people were brought against their will and forced to work as slaves.
In time, there were additional people who began to come to the US to find work, including those from the Caribbean nations and Central and South America. These men and women often came to the country in search of more money and better lives for their families.
When these immigrants reached the US, jobs were waiting that the residents were unwilling to do for the wages being paid. For instance, many men and women came to the country from Mexico to harvest crops during the fall. This income means a great deal to them, though citizens would balk that the funds were insufficient for a comfortable lifestyle.
During the recent election in 2016, there has been an increased talk about immigrants and deporting them back to their countries of origin. People on both sides of the debate become very fired up when the subject arises, and little gets explored.
There are multiple problems associated with this type of thinking, not the least of which is the challenges of arresting and shipping thousands of folks each day. Taking these people away from their families and jobs would not only create personal hardships, but it could also cause disruption in the work fields of the country.
Of course, folks should not be permitted to break the law. This is the reason that the debate becomes so hot so fast. However, you can learn more about immigration to help find solutions that will work for everyone who is involved. After all, this nation deserves to have a happy, unified approach to the problem if it will be solved efficiently and for good!


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Re-Mission 2 Nanobot's Revenge: Teaches us how to Defeat Cancer in a Video Game
Re-Mission 2 Nanobot's Revenge
There isn't much a patient is allowed to do while undergoing treatments for cancer in the hospital. Young kids usually get bored and irritable spending weeks away from friends and hobbies. That was changed by a team of medical researchers and programmers who wanted to not only help keep the children's minds off of the treatments, but to also help them feel empowered in their fight against cancer.
The game, called Re-Mission 2, is a compilation of 6 games that gives patients various virtual weapons such as radiation, chemo and targeted cancer drug attacks designed to crush an advancing lethal cancer legion. Re-Mission 2 was created by a nonprofit company called HopeLab. HopeLab was founded in 2001 by Pamela Omidyar, the wife of eBay founder Pierre Omidyar. The nonprofit is also responsible for creating the game's predecessor, Re-Mission.
Re-Mission 2 is made for people who have grown up playing games such as Angry Birds on the Internet or on mobile device applications. The sequel can be played only online or on the iPad.
Nanobot's Revenge is the game that I started off playing in the series. The first level was an easy shoot em' style game. You control Nanobot at the top of the screen and you shoot down onto the enemies called Leukemutants whom on level 1 are attacking the lungs.
Your starting weapon is called ChemoBlast 6MP. As the levels progress you gain additional weapons to your arsenal such as a WBC Worm that comes up and eats the Leukemutants and PredniSoldiers which is two killer robots who help you fight the enemy below. The goal is to stop the enemy from climbing up the screen and infecting the whole area. Weapons follow real life rules as you have to wait a short period of time to get more energy to continue fighting enemies just like there have to be rest periods between treatments.
This game was not easy after the first few levels. It took a lot of hand eye coordination to decide where to fire the weapons and which to use and when to use it. Very fun games that are incredibly educational as well.
Medical Researchers and programmers from HopeLab state that there is a possibility to develop new games such as "Stem Cell Defender" to help educate and engage young patients in the future.
Try out the six different games for Re-Mission 2 at the developer's website Re-Mission 2

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Hi Friends!
I love editing pictures and sharing on Face book. I am in need of the best free photo editing software for free download. I am using Windows 7 operating system. Though many people use the editing software for their business development, I just wanna have fun.
These softwares have extreme demand in the market. I wanna edit, create and work on my digital photographs. Kindly help me with the best photo editing software.


text:
This calendar shows in BROWN the reservations for the Great Room and in BLUE the reservations for the Lower Level of Life's Finer Moments Lodge.
Our Reservations are a 2-step Process
- Scroll down & fill out the on-line Rental Application. We will contact you with a rental fee price based on information in your application. This does NOT commit you.
- After we've communicated rental fee, if you wish to proceed with a reservation, please mail $200 REFUNDABLE security deposit & 1/2 rental fee. Download & sign the contract/policy with each section initialed. Scan & email attachment, fax, or pop in the mail. Reservation will then be official.
Life's Finer Moments - Policy/Contract
RENTAL APPLICATION......................................................... (click the plus to begin)
This application must be filled out completely by an adult 21 years of age or older (contact person). All youth participating in a rental must have adult supervision at all times. Upon review of the application, a rental fee will be assessed. Then a refundable security/damage deposit check for $200 and a separate check for one half of the total rental fee must accompany the signed Life's Finer Moments policy/contract prior to the reservation being approved. ( For weddings the $200 security deposit and $400 of the wedding rental fee is due. The remaining balance will be paid on a monthly payment plan) Any remaining balance of rental fee for all customers is due no later than 14 days prior to the event date. If using a credit card, the $200 refundable security deposit is not needed. In case damages are incurred during your event, customers using credit card for rental payment will be notified and the card will be further charged the amount of replacement or repair.
See cancellation policy for required written cancellation request and nonrefundable rental fee schedule. BE SURE TO SCROLL TO BOTTOM AND HIT "SUBMIT"


text:
Way back in 2009, when my roommate Nick Ott was in college mind you, he took some hideously awesome modeling photos. Nick managed to keep them a secret from all of his friend for years but there's just one problem with secrets. There are no secrets anymore. I found his photos on the internet and made Nickhott.com. Now every day is the worst day of his life.* I launched Nickhott.com and it got picked up on Reddit, College Humor, TFM, Barstool Sports and accumulated 50,000 hits on it's first day alone.
*Nickhott.com eventually had to be discontinued after "Nick Hott" started getting recognized at job interviews. Sorry Nick!
Not only can you go to Nickhott.com for your hottest laughs. You can bring Nick Hott into your very own home with all of the Hott Merch I created.
CW- Colin Quinn


text:
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Discussion in 'Android Devices' started by watcher341, Sep 11, 2010.
Wondering how Dinc owners hook their phone up to car stereo???
I use a cable that plugs into the head phone jack on the phone then fits into the cassette player in my car. Got it at Best Buy for $20. The sound quality is actually pretty good. The newer cars have a USB plug in the car you can connect the phone to.
My factory stereo has a 3.5mm auxiliary plug. Regularly use it for music.
My car stereo has the3..5mm jack and I use it for Navigation and listening to books with Audible. Sounds good.
Yea the cassete deal works awesome!


text: Bremen-based STN Atlas Elektronik has been awarded a contract worth $2.5 million by the Norwegian National Coastal Administration for design and installation of new VTS facilities at Kvitsoy in the south west coastal region of the country. The facilities, which will be used to monitor and control shipping traffic in and around the Stavanager area, are to be commissioned at the end of next year. Comprised of remotely equipped Atlas X-band radar sites at Duehammar, Hemnes, Røvær, Våganeset and Vigdel, (a sixth radar will be installed at Kvitsøy) the facilities will also house two supplementary VHF communication sites at Bookn and Prestasen, as well as a CCTV site at Norheim; they will be connected to the center by a data network for automatic relay of radar video, track, voice and CCTV information. The VTS center itself will be equipped with a series of Atlas 9750 multi-media, dual-display operator workstations and associated processing equipment supported by secondary display terminals for database information as well as remote VHF and CCTV control. They collectively will provide continuous graphic presentations of all traffic situations, including overlays of radar images on electronic charts; additional functions include synchronized logging, recording and replay radar and voice communication.


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City Council votes to postpone decision on events center committee, again
For the second time in two weeks, the Bemidji City Council tabled a vote on a proposed events center committee.
The council voted 4-3 last week to postpone a decision until Tuesday night on a Steering Committee whose members would work with City Manager John Chattin on events center issues. Chattin could not attend the meeting last week and a few councilors wanted clarification on what the duties of the Steering Committee would be.
But, three councilors - Jerry Downs, Nancy Erickson and Onen Markeson - were unable to attend Tuesday night's meeting, and the four present councilors could not reach an agreement on the matter.
Chattin said he wanted a small committee that could meet to discuss events center planning.
"It's frustrating for me," Chattin said, explaining that he originally wanted a three- to five-member committee that he could meet with to "bounce ideas off of."
Councilor Roger Hellquist supported the formation of a committee that would include those already recommended - and all seven City Council representatives.
While every elected official would not likely attend every committee meeting, it would "give us the option of being there," Hellquist said.
Chattin pointed out that the city now is finalizing the construction of an $8.5 million Public Works Facility and the council has not been interested thus far in discussing every change order that has been made. Staff has recommended the changes and they were presented to the council for approval, he explained.
"Those are the same types of things the Steering Committee would be dealing with," Chattin said.
Hellquist then asked why a committee was not needed to make those decisions on the Public Works Facility. Moments later, he answered his own question when he said the events center is more complex.
Chattin said he now is spending about 30 hours a week on events center planning and coordination - and asked the council if it, too, was interested in spending 20 hours a week in meetings dedicated solely to the events center.
Hellquist replied that Chattin could not expect those who have been proposed to be Steering Committee members to dedicate that much of their own time every week.
Chattin said that if he received an e-mail or a call one morning from Leo A. Daly on the proposed design of the site or building, he could, hopefully, set up a Steering Committee meeting for that afternoon.
That wouldn't be possible if the entire City Council was on the committee because that would require a public meeting notice to fulfill the requirements of the Open Meeting Law.
Mayor Richard Lehmann said the city is consistently asking its design team for changes, and meetings could be needed on short notice.
Hellquist's motion to appoint the entire City Council to the Steering Committee, along with previously discussed candidates, failed 2-2.
Councilor Ron Johnson, who was opposed to Hellquist's motion, said he did not understand the reluctance of the City Council to authorize the committee.
Downs serves on the Parks and Trails Commission and the City Council has never felt the need to attend each of that committee's meetings, he said.
"We do this all the time with all the committees we have," Johnson said, adding that major decisions would still come before the council.
"This is a little different," said Councilor Barb Meuers, who voted with Hellquist for the appointment of the entire City Council.
Meuers said there is a perception in the city that decisions on the project have taken place behind closed doors.
Even if that is not true, "perception is reality," she said.
She also questioned whether all Steering Committee members would be required to live within the city limits.
While the city does not now plan to use property taxes to pay for the events center or its operation, Meuers said that if that ever is discussed, the Steering Committee should consist of only city residents.
Lehmann said potential members were chosen to represent a cross section of entities involved and the expertise needed on the project.
Chattin added that the project is a "regional" events center.
The motion to table the decision passed 3-1 as Hellquist was opposed. The issue was postponed until the March 3 regular council meeting.
The Steering Committee had originally been proposed to consist of the following people:
-- Mayor Richard Lehmann
-- Councilor Ron Johnson
-- John Chattin, city manager
-- Brian Freeberg, city engineer
-- Rob Bollinger, from the BSU Foundation
-- Dale Wolden, retired
-- Scott Turn, Security Bank
-- Kathy Guess, former business owner
-- Anne Sand, lead lobbyist for events center project


text:
Strictly review type posts are allowed here.
General information and discussions.
On March 16th placed an order with John for $240! It's April 22, and nothing has arrived. Now I have ordered from John many times and received my package in 5 days before. I have contacted John and informed him about my problems, he says wait it will come. Nothing is coming, I got selectively Ripped Off! Thanks A lot!
Ordered HGH Vermotropin from Vermodje. Lab tests are positive. Uploaded picture in the labs section.
Very good support. Communication and answer in 24h. Also questions about proper use of product are being answered. I asked about Vermotropin HGH, and got a few useful hints, on how to recompose the freeze dried powder, in order to not deteriorate the amino-acids.
Very well packaged, disguised and no damage.
T/A 5 days from funds collection.
HGH Vermotropin from Vermodje
Provimed Mesterolone 50mg/tab from Balkan Pharmaceuticals
Provimed is quality, I've been using it in and out for an year now. I couldn't be sure about, because I'm also on Testo E from Balkan, but it gives me such boners that no way in the whole world I can get a headache ever, there isn't concomitantly enough blood pressure for both...
Vermotropin - I'm on it a month now, doing 2-3 i.u. once a day, in the morning, as anti-aging. I begin to feel better and better, I'm getting back the speed I had about 20 years ago - I'm still not there, obviously. It takes much more than a month to get the full results, because the HGH acts slowly but constantly, as the studies state. Anyway, the lab results confirm it's rHGH, I uploaded the results in the picture section - 4 i.u. injected subcutaneous 3 hours before blood drawing showed a level of 6,15 ng/ml STH (reference levels, age adjusted, from 0,00 to 8,00 ng/ml).
I've ordered quit a few times here, at least 6-7 times, and always have received perfect service and high quality products. Trustful and reliable. I'm looking forward for a long collaboration.I recommend shopping here!
great experience
John is one of the most pleasant and polite sellers on Eroids. Always quick to reply.
package came in two weeks and products were well protected.
cooper( test p)
The cooper test P I ran at 100 mg EOD along with 100mg tren A. The results were quite impressive . The test P had absolutely no PIP and the oil was thin and clear. I experienced increased strength and a big jump in libido. I was cutting so a only gained 10 pounds of muscle but also lost ten pounds of fat. I took the
1mg mg of Anastrozole every third day and never had an issue with estrogen.
Both products are good quality and john is a great place to get eastern European pharmaceuticals.I recommend shopping here!
review for anabols.biz
very good communication dispite shipping problems at first.
packaging was good the t/a was 3 weeks the second time(first pak never came) on the reship he provided tracking numbers.
balkan sustamed 15
balkan test-p
balkan dbols 120
balkin clenbuterol 100
this review will only be for the test -p and the clenbuterol. my opinion is that balkan products are awesome. i was having breathing issues and i honestly feel that the clen definately helped. i lost 10lbs by amping up my workouts to more reps and less weight.i feel the clen working perfectly. all my breathing issues have gone away. i've been on 2 weeks on and 2 weeks off. i use the test p eod.. my stamina is back up to par my strength is where i need it to be and overall i'm satisfied with these products.
john is a great guy. i dont know what happened to my first pak but he kept his word and reshipped the second. he follows up which i like. i would feel safe ordering from him againI recommend shopping here!
Another week! Hopefully I get a reship!?!? I'll keep this updated
Hold on for another week just one more week the week after that, then one more week after that.....WTF ! Been scammed
35+ days no order
One of the best suppliers for pharmaceutical grade meds.
Although they experience some difficulties with the website, per e-mail the communication is very fast, response in the day, very friendly and they ask how you feel about their products, and if the effect is the expected one. They have good variety and great prices. I was happy to participate in the 50 percent Promo. For pharma grade meds you can't get a better deal.
From funds receiving to getting the gear just 5 days.
Well wrapped, no damage, cleverly disguised.
Testosterona E 250 mg
I'm using it now, already a few months in, from previous orders, combined with Primobol, also from a previous order - 500 mg/week testo and 300 mg/week Primobol. But, as some of you know, I can't resist a good promo and I feel I can never have enough good testo.
About the quality:
What can I say? That I'm happy? Yes, I am. Nice results, good mood, energy at work and at the gym, a few pimples on the shoulders, but no big deal, no sides otherwise, just awesome. I could ramp up to 750 or 1000 mg testo/week, but what for? I feel perfect and have good gains as it is, why fix it if it isn't broken?
John is the man, I trust him like a friend. He's never let me down.I recommend shopping here!
Emailed John asking about products and prices, he has been very informative and responsive so far. Deal is the best I have seen in a long time, competitive with Alinshops best promo's. Waiting on the payment information to order 15 bottles of Test and 240 Winni pills. I'll keep you guys posted about the rest of the process and if the correct gear shows up in the correct time frame. [email protected] is the email address I have been working with
This is a long overdue review, done my cycle over a year ago now and only got around to this review now so apologies John for the delay. Got the products through on of their promotions so was a bargain. Was my first real cycle and was not disappointed with the results, Apologies if some of the finer details of my review are a bit vague but some time has passed.
Communication was great, very friendly and always replied back in good time
Packaged very well, discreet and all arrived safe and in good condition
Balkan Test E 250mg Amps
Balkan Exedrol 25mg Tabs
Was my first cycle with Test so I just done 500mg a week twice a week (Monday and a Thursday I think) for 12 weeks. My starting weight was somewhere around the 78kg mark and I peaked at around 89kg so put on a good 11kg throughout the cycle, my bodyfat went from about 15% to 17% so not all was muscle. Noticed a big difference is strength also. Started to feel the effects of gyno towards the end of the cycle so had to use the Exedrol, 25mg was a lot so I divided the tablets into quarters and took a quarter each day until it had suppressed it.
Have never tried anything else to compare my experience with but I was more than happy with the results and would gladly recommend to anyone elseI recommend shopping here!
review for anabols.biz.
Good products and good service. I feel compelled to write this review, because I'm at the fourth order that came through without any issues. The ordering process and the subsequent steps can be, in a way, compared with shopping from your trusty grocery store on the corner. John follows all the steps personally and takes great care to get me satisfied. Shopping around, like you guys, I've had different experiences - seized parcels also, mainly because of the country origin of the shipment. But now I'm happy I found a good and reliable source - and as far as I'm concerned, I get everything that I need from here, and I get it for sure. Losing hard earned money is no fun.
Very good from step one to the last. John and his team answered fast, in a matter of hours, always under 24h, and gave me support in a very friendly and thoroughly manner.
The shipments are stealth, well wrapped, and in case of a bigger order, split in as many parcels as necessary.
T/A is around 5 days. Sweet.
Balkan Primobol 100 mg/ml
Balkan Exedrol 50 mg
Balkan Tamoximed 20 mg
Balkan Testosterona E 250 mg/ml
The quality is pharmaceutical human grade, and there isn't much to tell about. Correctly dosed and the oils are clear and thin. Especially for me, over 40 and with low-T, dosing correctly is important, for keeping the levels in the physiological range. That's during cruising. As an example, when I blast for 12 weeks, but nothing exaggerated, it looks like this:
500 mg Testo enanthate a week, 300 mg Primobol a week, E7-10D a shot of 1000 u.i. HCG (which I get on prescription), for keeping the boys from shrinking (I don't like them shrinking, it's an unpleasant feeling), Exedrol 25 mg E3D (to minimize estrogen related sides, especially because HCG triggers a higher aromatization, which can desensitize the Leydig cells). Exedrol combines well with Tamoxifen, for attaining greater suppression of estradiol, but Letrozole combined with Tamoxifen is to be avoided, because they compete against each other, and one lowers the efficacy of the other.
All in all, I'm very pleased with the products and with the service. That's exactly what I need.
Highly highly recommend this source, I have ordered 3 times from them and they are quality. Very fast shipping, excellent communication, and like I said products are quality!
Very fast and friendly
Wrapped extremely tight, probably best I've ever seen. Fast t/A
Been using the test and anavar so far and I love it. Test is doing what it should, strength is going up, aggression and mood. The anavar is very good, tightening up in this lean bulk and putting quality size on. Haven't used the other products but very happy so far
Would absolutely recommend this source! Will be ordering again very soon!I recommend shopping here!
Reviewed by a non-active member of eroids.com
Reviewed by a non-active member of eroids.com
From the moment I ordered until I got my order we kept in touch, and so I can say it works very well. They run promotions often.
The products are legit pharmaceutical grade quality.
Very reliable and long run business oriented.
I got gear from some of the very big suppliers, and I can tell in confidence that the support and service I get at Anabols.biz is not a bit less professional, and is highly reliable. That's why I decided to give it a go, and I got my first order in 5 days (which is kind of record), and the second order in 4 days(!). Beat that, I thought to myself. They contacted me afterwards to ask how do I feel about the gear, if it works well, and if I'm happy with it. You bet I am! I get Balkan original products, pharmacy grade, for a fair price, reliable, and in a very short time.
To the point: discreet, well wrapped. In two words - intelligently done.
As I said, in Europe it takes just a few days.
Balkan Testosterona E 250 mg/ml
Balkan Testosterona P 250 mg/ml
Balkan Provimed 50 mg
Vermodje Tamoxifen 20 mg
All Balkan ampules have a unique series on, called upic code, and can be checked on b-p.md.
The blisters have also a unique code on the front side.
The quality is pharmacy grade, and it shows. Testo P to start up, 2 weeks, than Testo E for 10 weeks, and than another two weeks Testo P. This way I can start PCT in a few days, instead of waiting for 2-3 weeks. Provimed is very useful all the time, but especially during the PCT helps avoiding the downward slope, broken in two, 25 mg in the morning, 25 mg in the evening, accompanied by tamoxifen and clomifen, obviously. It just feels great being on good gear, as some of you long know.
If you mean it seriously, and you use a lot of ampules, it is a good investment to buy a good ampule breaker. Not the cheap ones, because they suck. A multi-function ampule breaker does the job, and this way you avoid breaking the tip, and wasting good gear. Not to mention the risks you take if you decide to use the oil nevertheless, and you inject glass splinters in your muscles. Not a good idea.I recommend shopping here!
Their gear is great. I had a chance of participating in the 50% off promo quite a few times.
Great communication. Each time purchased with confidence.
Takes around 8-10 days across the pond.
Balkan sustamed
I know this sustanon is legit and good to go because my sex was increasing and after sometime it goes through the roof to the point it becomes almost unbearable. Alongside libido strength consistently goes up. Never noticed any drop off. Strength stays steady. Water retention is there. Arimidex dosages with this sutanon are 0.25-0.5 mg/ed depending on the level of water retention.
Love this source, always doing newsletters on his promos.I recommend shopping here!
Promo pack review
Just created an account and shopped with 50% off promo code
Packaging was discreet and tight in one week
Balkan Test prop ampoules
Radjay Drost. Prop
Both brands are very decent especially Balkan. I was using quality human grade Test prior to this. I pinned 3 ml/week. All the good feelings, signs and results continued like libido, strength and morale. With Drost.Prop libido is more high. It helps me cut and harden very fast with strict diet and cardio. On the other side these compounds always give me problems with skin in the form of acne and oily skin. Balkan was totally pip free but Radjay sometimes had a pip.
Good sourceI recommend shopping here!
I will write this review for the 50% discount order
For this source I needed communication just once and he replied with all details
It was an EU zone package and total number of days were 6
Balkan test Enan ampoules
Balkan test enan ampoules are on the spot. Zero pip. I got strength size aggression and plenty of water weight. The side effects were same as of any quality testosterone. Acne, aggression, headaches due to some high Blood pressure and oily skin. Sex drive was like that of teenagers. Same feelings like I am on quality testosterone
I recommendI recommend shopping here!
Bad unprofessional company have emailed him a couple times with no response I think I might be out of my money worst experience I ever had these people don't respond to email once they have your money
Reviewed by a non-active member of eroids.com
Review of npp
communicating quick and professionally.
packaging discreet
npp from by balkan
i am running npp test p and tren a. beginning was tren 400mg/week and test p 300mg/week. tren was very harsh on my joints. all the time pain from tren. so started npp @ 600mg/week and 3 weeks passed. suddenly just in a week joint pain is gone. npp does not make me bulky and treats my joints. deca makes bulking me up. i am running caber with it @ 0.5mg/every 3 days.
very good sourceI recommend shopping here!
This is my first time using anabols. I found them on here while searching for new sources to try. At the time when I used them they were running a promo of 50% off orders of $300 or more. I placed my order and received it faster than I expected.
They were quick to respond to any emails and answered all my questions. Due to some miscommunication on my part, I got confused as to when my order was shipped out. It was not their fault. My email got all messed up. I made a stupid mistake and went off on them not realizing it was my emails that were messed up. I quickly apologized to them for that.
Packaged arrived within 9 days from time payment was sent. It was packed really tight and discreet. Took a few mins to get it all unwrapped.
All Vermodje products. 3 vials sustaver 250, 2 vials testover E, 2 boxes 100 tabs each clenbuterol 40mg, 2 boxes 100 tabs each 50mg T3.
I was suppose to get another vial of tesover E as a free sample with my order, but I didn't receive that. But that's OK because I did receive everything I ordered.
The clen is the strongest I've ever had! Usual it takes a few days to feel it. But I started feeling the affects on day 1. Hands were shaking, body temp went thru the roof! So much so that my girlfriend said she could feel the heat coming off me just standing next to me. T3 worked well with the clen. Body fat went noticeably down.
Sustaver started to kick in around day 6. Which is typical for any sustanon. Strength had gone up. Muscles are getting bigger. I'm dosing at 1000mg for the first 2 weeks and then down to 500 for the rest of my cycle.
I haven't used the testover E. yet. I'm saving that for my cruise. I'm blasting with the sustaver. If it's anything like the sustaver, then I will be more than satisfied.
I was skeptical at first, as I'm sure anyone is when first ordering from a new source. But they eased my worries with their quick responses to all my emails. Plus I couldn't pass up a deal like this. I am very happy with this new source and new lab products. I would definitely recommend this source to anyone. And I will be ordering more from them.I recommend shopping here!
I am submitting this review for Balkan products I ran way long before. I had great success with Balkan Pharmaceuticals
I never waited for more than a day to get a response
Shipping time was faster than what was mentioned. Even if it had arrived a few days later, I wouldn't complain.
Test.. Enanthate
I started dosing 500mg of Enanthate and 300 mg of Propionate a week. Then I skipped Propionate by the end of week 5 and started taking 750 mg of Enanthate a week. Similarly I tapered down with Propionate at the end. There were many outstanding benefits of Testosterone in this run. Progression and strength in my lifts increased very much. Then there was little aggression but not the one I get from Trenbolone or Anadrol. I did blood work 4 weeks before ending the run. It showed very high values for both free and total Testosterone. It was a clear proof that products are dosed perfectly. All this time I never had problem with PIP. I am thankful to Balkan for manufacturing quality oils.I recommend shopping here!
This is a review for Balkan oxandrolone
Emailed once regarding payment procedure. He was quick to respond with detailed information.
Amazing packaging. Neat and tight. Pills were in original Balkan boxes.
Balkan pharmaceuticals Oxandrolone 10 mg each
I switched to balkan oxandrolone from another brand.Took 40 mg/day and noticed increased strength by week # 2. The amazing benefits of getting lean vascular and abdominal fat loss came by week 3. I was stronger in my lifts. More ripped and veiny and lost lot of body fat. The water retention disappeared after first week of its use. Side effects were almost non existent. Mild acne and oily skin, Hair started to get thin but not to an extent that could start getting me worried. I was running it with masteron. P and Test.P. Added winstrol end of the cycle for 3 weeks but the real results and feelings of getting shredded came through anavar. I could definitely run it for longer but ran out of budget. This might be costly but top quality properly dosed products are expensive and I have learnt this in the past the harsh way.
If I'll be able to save some cash, Will definitely do another purchase. My girl friend have used this anavar too and she is more than happy with the results.I recommend shopping here!
Balkan 50% off promo
I grabbed some BP sustamed
Communication and support was never an issue.
Packaging was flat and safe. Tightly sealed no rattles. It was sent with out tracking and arrived in a timely manner.
BP sustamed
Pinning had been exceptionally smooth and PIP free. I think I ran it for more than 12 [email protected] 1000mg/week. It delivered icnredible strength and intense sex drive. I got much fuller muscles but still leaned out somehow. I think it matches up the potency of prescription grade Sust.
This Balkan stuff is pretty decent.I recommend shopping here!


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Tuesday April 24, 7pm – Poetry
The Moonstone Poetry Series Presents Tam Mcdowell author of The Healing Year ($12.00)
"I was born in Birmingham, AL to a schizophrenic mother and an absentee father. A product of the foster care system, I endured many hardships that altered my promise and direction in life; including homelessness, molestation, and physical abuse. As the mother of two adult sons, I'm now doing all I can to make my past work for me rather than against me. After numerous attempts to end my life, I decided to use my gift and love of writing and poetry to live a productive and happy life. Poetry and writing saved my life; this is why I do so much to give back and share. This is what led to my decision to become a full-time professional artist; my life is no longer mine to take, but most certainly to give." As COO/Founder of The Simply Tam Foundation for Artful Living, LLC, it is my sincere pleasure to put all my heart's energy and creative efforts into community endeavors and resources that support and enlighten others. I intend to continue in my pursuits of excellence and balance to help create a more peaceful and harmonious society with all proceeds going to the Foundation. How I'm doing this: Winner of "Most Influential Poet of the Year" & Two-time 2011 National Poetry Award Nominee ("Best Poetry Performance); Motivational Speaker in the areas of foster care/adoption, child abuse (including sexual abuse), adult physical abuse, mental illness/suicide prevention, homelessness/hunger, and teen pregnancy; from an aspect of personal experience. Also when dealing with children and adolescents, I offer the addition of focus and life-enhancement with an emphasis on Poetry/Writing as Therapy; Creator/Sponsor of "40 Days From Promise", a semi-annual fundraising campaign for youth 18-24 hoping to pursue their dreams professionally or semi-professionally. I'm also a proud sponsor of numerous arts programs, as well as a supporter of a local non-profit program for LGBT equality and the quest to end bullying and related suicides; Host/Creator of Mic Nice on BlogTalkRadio. Airs Thursdays at 6p cst.; The co-creator of The Artists' Den at Cavalry Hill (with my partner Ray Greene) and our special guest host and coordinator Torrance "Streetologist" McReynolds." Tam Mcdowell


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Low clouds, mist, and showers have prevailed today along with much below average temperatures. Highs have only managed the low 40s, almost 20 degrees shy of the norms. Temperatures should moderate and skies brighten a bit by tomorrow afternoon, as we begin a warming trend.
Through Tonight: Occasional rain showers are likely, as low pressure develops off the coast and races northeastward. Before morning, a few of the colder, outlying suburbs toward Loudoun and Frederick counties may see the rain mix with or briefly change to sleet and/or wet snow. No accumulation is anticipated. Lows range from the mid-30s in the colder suburbs, to the upper 30s downtown.
Tomorrow (Friday): The day gets off to a cloudy and cool start, with some isolated showers possible (mixing with sleet/snow far to the west and northwest). As the day wears on skies should brighten, and even some breaks in the clouds are possible. Highs probably do about 10 degrees better than today, reaching the low 50s.
See David Streit's forecast through early next week. And if you haven't already, join us on Facebook and follow us on Twitter
Record Sierra Nevada snow: The Associated Press ran a fascinating article yesterday about the incredible seasonal snowfall totals in California's Sierra Nevada mountain range, creating a snowpack sufficient to all but end California's three-year drought. More than 61 feet has fallen in the high country, with new ski resort accumulation records at Squaw Valley USA, Heavenly Mountain Resort, and Mammoth Mountain. Mammoth has so much snow it may stay open until July 4 the AP reported. Watch this neat video of the Union Pacific train clearing snow over the Donner Summit in the Sierra range for the first time in 13 years.


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Traveling Luck for Camp Assca, Alabama, United States
Where is Camp Assca?What's around Camp Assca?
Wikipedia near Camp Assca
Where to stay near Camp Assca
The timezone in Camp Assca is America/Iqaluit
Sunrise at 08:19 and Sunset at 18:38. It's Dark
Latitude. 32.9256°, Longitude. -85.7669° , Elevation. 152m
Weather near Camp Assca; Report from Alexander City, Thomas C Russell Field Airport, AL 23.2km away
Weather :
Temperature: 9°C / 48°F
Wind: 3.5km/h Northwest
Cloud: Solid Overcast at 3700ft
Weather :
Temperature: 9°C / 48°F
Wind: 3.5km/h Northwest
Cloud: Solid Overcast at 3700ft
Satellite map around Camp Assca
Loading map of Camp Assca and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Camp Assca, in Alabama, United States
- Local Feature;
- A Nearby feature worthy of being marked on a map..
- Camp Assca (0km)
- Assembly of Yahweh (3.5km)
- Jones Chapel (5km)
- Horseshoe Bend (6.7km)
- Whaley Ferry (historical) (6.7km)
- Welch Ferry (historical) (6.9km)
- Millers Ferry (historical) (7.9km)
- Cholocco Litabixee (historical) (8.5km)
- Niuyaka (historical) (9.3km)
- Hamlet (historical) (10.1km)
- Baskins Chapel (10.2km)
- Mount Olive Church (historical) (10.3km)
- Griffin Ferry (historical) (10.5km)
- church;
- a building for public Christian worship.
- New Concord Church (3.2km)
- Bethel Church (3.3km)
- Eagle Creek Baptist Church (3.3km)
- Rock Springs Church (3.5km)
- Woods Church (4.5km)
- Oak Ridge Church (5.9km)
- Elder Church (6.9km)
- Mount Carmel Church (9.2km)
- Mount Olive Church (9.4km)
- Lebanon Church (10.1km)
- Poplar Springs Church (10.6km)
- populated place;
- a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work.
- Sessions (2.5km)
- Eagle Creek (2.9km)
- Tohopeka (4.3km)
- Jacksons Gap (7.8km)
- Easton (8.8km)
- North Dadeville (9.7km)
- Sturdivant (10.4km)
- mine(s);
- a site where mineral ores are extracted from the ground by excavating surface pits and subterranean passages.
- Washburne Prospect (5.5km)
- Berry Mine (7.6km)
- Mica Hill Mine (9.3km)
- Kidd Mine (9.6km)
- Abernathy Prospects (10.5km)
- Collum Mine (10.6km)
- stream;
- a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- Jay Bird Creek (6.9km)
- Fox Creek (8.7km)
- Emuckfaw Creek (8.9km)
- Miller Creek (9.3km)
- Timbergut Creek (9.9km)
- Eagle Creek (10.3km)
Accommodation around Camp Assca
- cemetery;
- a burial place or ground.
- Eagle Creek Cemetery (3.1km)
- Concord Cemetery (3.3km)
- Woods Cemetery (4.4km)
- Antioch Cemetery (9.9km)
- Union Cemetery (9.9km)
- school;
- building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place.
- Elder School (historical) (7.5km)
- Jacksons Gap School (historical) (7.8km)
- Mount Carmel School (historical) (9.2km)
- Popular Springs School (historical) (10.7km)
- bridge;
- a structure erected across an obstacle such as a stream, road, etc., in order to carry roads, railroads, and pedestrians across.
- Millers Bridge (8km)
- Hamlet Mill Bridge (10.1km)
- island;
- a tract of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water.
- Peters Island (8.8km)
- post office;
- a public building in which mail is received, sorted and distributed.
- Jacksons Gap Post Office (7.8km)
- reservoir(s);
- an artificial pond or lake.
- Swindall Lake (4.6km)
- dam;
- a barrier constructed across a stream to impound water.
- Swindall Dam (4.6km)
- channel;
- the deepest part of a stream, bay, lagoon, or strait, through which the main current flows.
- Hams Cut (7.2km)
- bar;
- a shallow ridge or mound of coarse unconsolidated material in a stream channel, at the mouth of a stream, estuary, or lagoon and in the wave-break zone along coasts.
- Irwin Shoals (7km)
- park;
- an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation.
Wikipedia entries close to
Camp Assca
- Jacksons' Gap, Alabama city city o
- Tallapoosa County adm2nd adm2nd
- Dadeville, Alabama city city o
- New Site, Alabama city city o
- Goldville, Alabama city city o
- Camp Hill, Alabama city city o
- Alexander City (Alabama) city city i
- Daviston, Alabama city city o
- Lake Martin city city o
- Waverly, Alabama city city o
- Wadley, Alabama city city o
- Goodwater, Alabama city city o
- La Fayette, Alabama city city o
- Chambers County (Alabama) adm2nd adm2nd
- Ashland, Alabama city city o
- Loachapoka, Alabama city city o
Airports close to Camp Assca
Anniston metropolitan(ANB), Anniston, Usa (94.9km)
Maxwell afb(MXF), Montgomery, Usa (106.4km)
Lawson aaf(LSF), Fort benning, Usa (126.2km)
Birmingham international(BHM), Birmingham, Usa (148.8km)
Craig fld(SEM), Selma, Usa (169.7km)


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
46 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Just planning a trip to Germany? We suggest you check the options provided by Gästehaus am Lausitzring Dollenchen. The hotel is offering 13 tastefully furnished rooms to those seeking accommodation in Dollenchen. Parking possibility for your vehicle is available nearby. Fans of actively spent leisure time will also have the chance to rent a bike, play bowling, go water skiing, sailing, surfing and rent a boat nearby. If you have a suitable portable device, you can connect to the Internet via a wireless network (WiFi) available at the hotel. The exact list of services available at Gästehaus am Lausitzring Dollenchen (including those for an extra fee) and the exact list of equipment in a room can be found on the information sheet below.
Payment Depending on the selected date, room and price, you may need to provide credit card guarantee or advance bank card payment to finalize your reservation.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest time to check in at the hotel is 15:00, the latest time to check out is 10:00. The personnel can speak English and German languages.
Gästehaus am Lausitzring Dollenchen rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
Relaxation: Bowling, Bike rental at the accommodation
Water skiing nearby, Sailing nearby, Surfing nearby, Boat rental nearby
Pet friendly (8 €/night), Garden


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JEGS Foundation Racing for Cancer Research Ribbon Decal, Magnet, Pin, and Patches
Each color of the JEGS Foundation Racing for Cancer Research ribbon signifies a specific cancer. For cancers not signified by a color, the well-known black and white checks represent them, as well as motorsports. To learn more about the foundation, click here.
Narrow Results
JEGS FOUNDATION Ribbons
Collectibles & Books JEGS FOUNDATION Ribbons


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Right on up there is my wonderful husband and best friend, Mr. Superman.
There are many things he brings into my life that I am grateful for but his love for me and his innate sense of doing nice things for others has got to be one of the tops. I sent him this pretty little Christmas tree so he could be a little more at home in his
Yesterday he said, "I got your tree! I have it all set up and everyone is loving it." My response? "What the frick is it doing in the group tent and not your
I am grateful for this
I am forever grateful for emails that say things like this, "There was one part of his talk that spoke directly to me. It is a little piece of knowledge that I cling to, especially in recent times and struggles. It is that the Lord will not give us more challenges than we can handle. It is without a doubt that I believe this to be true." and this, "I will always be yours, no matter what bumps we may face in the future. Our hearts and minds and souls are far too interwoven for us not to move forward together."
I am grateful for my eternal family. Not just the one I have built with Mr. Superman but for all of my family.
I am grateful for friends. Old and new, bloggy and otherwise. You are all such wonderful blessings in my life. Thank you.
I am grateful, oh how I am grateful, for our Angel Babies.
Then there are all of the little things that I am so thankful for like cute clothes, steady pay, books, internet, electricity, cheesecake, tampons, lavender bubble bath, make up, cinnamon candles, lotion, my Mr. Superman bear, Hobby Lobby, thrifting, glasses.... I could name a million things and never be close to fitting it all in. I am just so grateful to be alive, married to the man that is perfect for me who loves me with a love I often feel I don't deserve, with a strong belief system that will never fail, apart of a massive family that loves my husband and I for the people we are, and living this crazy military life that I wouldn't trade for anything. I am thankful.


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0 Members and 1 Guest are viewing this topic.
Let the bastards freeze, then walk to their new homes.
They can take all the illegal immigrants with them, too.
As you might expect, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo and most of the state's Democratic politicians are trying to close down Indian Point as well.


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The mission of Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences is the success of our clients – students and companies – in their market environment. Therefore, flexible and consequent adaptation to new market environments is our core competence.
Welcome to the international homepage of the Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences. Kalaidos University is the only private university in Switzerland that is fully accredited by the Swiss government. We are located in Zurich, the leading financial and industrial city in Switzerland. Our closeness to the financial markets and top industries makes us the leading provider of executive training and education.
This part-time one-semester program is a deep dive into global business management, delivered in English. Our education model ensures you can build a strong theoretical foundation that is closely linked to practice – with immediate business benefits.
Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences has established several cooperations with national and international partners in the fields of research, student exchange programs, development of joint degrees and faculty exchange.
Info Event Study Trip to India on 2 November 2017
More ...
Kalaidos University of Applied Sciences offers new master's degree programs.


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Fran Drescher's Ex-Husband Peter Marc Jacobson Is Gay
January 27, 2012 by staff
Fran Drescher's Ex-Husband Peter Marc Jacobson Is Gay, Drescher, who is best known for her roles on "The Nanny" and her new series "Happily Divorced," also believes that her ex-husband Peter Marc Jacobson was abducted.
"You know, it's funny because Peter and I both saw [aliens] before we knew each other, doing the same thing, driving on the road with our dads," Drescher told the Huffington Post recently. "We were both in junior high. A few years later, we met, and we realized that we had the same experience. I think that somehow we were programmed to meet. We both have this scar. It's the exact same scar on the exact same spot."
According to the entertainment site, Jacobson is slightly more skeptical about the incident, explaining that Fran's scar is likely from a drill bit or burn.
"I said to him, that's what the aliens programmed us to think," Drescher said. "But really, that's where the chip is."
Drescher's rep had no immediate comment regarding the quotes.
Drescher's TV Land series "Happily Divorced" was officially renewed for a second season on July 20. The network ordered another 12 episodes of the comedy, which is scheduled to premiere on March 7, 2012. The show, which premiered on June 15, has averaged over 2.2 million total viewers.
In the series, the actress plays a Los Angeles florist named Fran who is forced back into the dating pool after learning her husband of 18 years, Peter (John Michael Higgins), is gay. Since neither of them can afford to move out of their home, they're stuck living together which makes moving on difficult.
The show also stars Tichina Arnold as Fran's best friend and Rita Moreno and Robert Walden as her parents.
The storyline for the show was inspired by Drescher's real-life marriage of 21 years to Peter Marc Jacobson, who came out of the closet after their divorce in 1999. Jacobson and Drescher co-created the series and also worked together on "The Nanny" and "Living With Fran."
Please feel free to send if you have any questions regarding this post , you can contact on
Disclaimer: The views expressed on this site are that of the authors and not necessarily that of U.S.S.POST.


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Luke's Daughter All the Way

Lesley Lu "Lulu" Spencer was born to Luke and Laura Spencer after their return to Port Charles, having been on the run for many years with their son, Lucky.

When the baby developed aplastic anemia, it was learned that Laura had another son, Nikolas, with Stavros Cassadine, while living in captivity.

The bone marrow donated by Nikolas saved Lulu. Her grandmother Lesley, Laura's mother, primarily raised the little girl after Laura was institutionalized. As Lulu grew older, Lesley found her more and more difficult to handle, and finally insisted that Luke take over.

Lulu then went to live with Luke and his new wife, Tracy, in the Quartermaine mansion.

It was painful for both Lulu and Luke as they attempted to develop a relationship. She had a lot of anger about her father being an erratic presence in her life;

In turn, he was reminded not only of the Cassadines when he looked at her but also of Laura. Eventually he became impressed with how much she was like him and how well she had turned out.

Lulu Finds Romance

Lulu became attracted to Tracy's son, Dillon Quartermaine, who lived in the mansion also. Dillon, however, was married to Georgie Jones.

Lulu aided the breakup of the couple and then lost her virginity to Dillon. She became pregnant and had an abortion.

A little later, Laura received an experimental drug which brought her out of her catatonic state for a short time. Laura told her daughter that she did not kill her father, Rick Webber, as everyone assumed. Lulu cleared her mother of the crime with the help of Damien Spinelli.

Lulu met the next man in her life, Logan Hayes, after the MetroCourt explosion. Lulu learned that Rick Webber's killer was Scott Baldwin and found out that Scott's son was Logan!

The manipulative Maxie Jones slept with Logan, and told Lulu. Terribly upset, Lulu ran away and hitched a ride with a young man, Johnny Zacchara, the son of a vicious mobster. Johnny would become her next love.

Lulu continued to see Johny and went to work for Crimson Magazine under Kate Howard. At one point, she broke up with Johnny, but they reconciled.

Johnny's father, Anthony Zacchara, believed it was because he threatened to have Luke arrested if Lulu did not stay with Johnny.

He thought he could control Johnny better if he stayed with Lulu. However, the couple was in love; Anthony had nothing to do with it.

Lulu later met and fell in love with Dante Falconeri, though at the time he was undercover and using another name. She had no idea of his real identity; he was Olivia Falconeri's illegitimate son with Sonny Corinthos. Despite their on again/off again relationship, eventually the couple eloped.

Lots of Changes

Dante was unhappy when his new wife took over the Haunted Star in partnership with her old boyfriend, Johnny, but he came to accept it.

She and Dante began working on having a family, but they were unsuccessful. Finally they decided to go the surrogacy route, and Maxie offered to carry their baby for them. Dante and Lulu were thrilled.

Lulu, alas, was kidnapped by Stavros Cassadine and believed dead. As Nikolas' father, Stavros was always obsessed with Laura; now he transferred his obsession to the next generation.

He placed her in a cryogenic chamber on Cassadine Island, where she was eventually found by her family.

She was safe, but with complete amnesia, insisting that Stavros was her husband. Lulu had in fact gone through a ceremony with him, and the marriage had been consummated.

Confused by Dante's feelings for her, she ran to Milo Giambetti's apartment and stayed there; the relationship was completely platonic. Once she calmed down and spoke with Dante, her memory slowly returned.

More Heartache

When Maxie gave birth to a baby girl, Dante and Lulu believed they were parents. But the baby Maxie carried was not theirs, but hers and Spinelli's.

Both sets of parents wound up in a vicious custody battle. The winner? Spinelli, who moved to Portland with Ellie and took the baby.

Dr. Britt Westbourne inseminated herself with the couple's fertilized egg and passed her pregnancy off as being due to Patrick, then later to Brad, the lab tech. She planned to deal with the fact that the baby didn't have an ounce of Asian blood later.

Finally, the joyous day arrived when the truth was revealed, and Dante and Lulu finally brought home their baby boy, Rocco.

Since there was still a viable embryo, Lulu investigated the possibility that she would be able to carry her own child. She learned it was possible and decided to move forward. Before she could, she and Maxie were kidnapped by Levi Dunkleman, aka Peter Harrell, Jr., and held them hostage.

The two women were rescued, but there were more tough times ahead for Lulu. Her father developed a new personality and was found to have Dissociative IdentityDisorder.

Then more Spencers came into her life - Patricia Spencer, her aunt, who passed away a short time later, and Patricia's daughter, Valerie Spencer. Valerie developed a crush on Dante.

Lulu and her parents went searching for Lucky in Canada and were warned to keep it top secret.

Lulu went along and told Dante that her grandmother Lesley in Italy needed help, and that she was traveling with Laura. Dante learned that not only was she in Canada, but Dillon had accompanied her

Dante panicked and thought his wife was having an affair. As a result, he slept with Valerie. When he learned the truth, he begged her not to tell their secret.

Valerie started dating Dillon, and the two of them confessed their feelings, Valerie for Dante, admitting she slept with him, and Dillon for Lulu, his ex.

It was during the time that Dillon was making his movie, and the confessions were taped and mistakenly shown during a fundraiser at the Haunted Star.

Lulu left Dante, though he wants to work things out. Laura convinced Lulu to try to reconcile with her husband.

Around that time, Valerie dropped in to watch a football game with Dante, who was alone on Thanksgiving, and they slept together again.

Will their marriage survive? It isn't clear, but in any event, Lulu will. She's her father's daughter after all.


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Looking for something special to give to your Women's Ministry Leader this Christmas?
Or maybe you're shopping for your Sunday school teacher, church secretary, Bible study leader, or best friend?
I've got a few gift ideas for you!
There's something for every budget – these items ranges from $3.99-$25.
Each one can be found at Christian Book Distributor. It's a site I order from often. I find their prices are very competitive, items ship quickly, and they have some super daily specials and hidden gems in the bargain section.
*These are affiliate links. Your purchase is greatly appreciated as it helps keep this blog up and running!
Inspirational books –
|Daily Light Devotional, NKJV–bonded leather, burgundy
|Just Give Me Jesus
|Voices of the Faithful: Inspiring Stories of Courage from Christians Serving Around the World
Gifts for her kitchen –
|Blessed Is She–Cutting Board
|Fruit of the Spirit–Ceramic Bowl
Gifts for her home –
|Jeremiah Tree Tabletop Cross
Gifts she can wear –
|Delight Yourself In the Lord, Scarf
|Delight Yourself In the Lord Scarf
Gifts she can watch –
|God's Not Dead, DVD
|I'm No Rockstar, DVD
Gifts she can listen to –
|Love Ran Red, Deluxe Edition
|If We're Honest – Deluxe Edition
Nothing strike your fancy? I've got several more gift ideas ($10 and under) on the Women's Ministry Team Gift Guide.
Christmas provides the perfect excuse for showing your team, your teacher, your leader, or that special friend just how much you value them.
Happy shopping!


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The new Mito by Occhio: A harmonious unison of sensuous design and sophisticated lighting technology
Occhio presents the new luminaire series Mito and thereby completely redefines the future of light. An accomplished symbiosis of perfect design, magical features and unparalleled lighting effects, Mito is a jewel and an innovative lighting system at the same time. Captivatingly new: Occhio "color tune" lets


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Keep ice in the outdoor kitchen cold with a drop-in 12 in. Stainless Steel Cooler and Cocktail Center from Cal Flame. A single condiment tray can keep favorite garnishes chilled and fresh for guests. A towel rack and bottle opener makes tending bar a tidy task. See downloadable pdf installation measurements under more info.
- All stainless steel seamless construction
- Stainless steel ice compartment
- Includes condiment tray and convenient sliding cover
- Built-in bottle opener and towel holder
- Sliding cover protects unit when not in use
- Trays are dishwasher safe


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VINTAGE 1950's GARNET OPAL FAUX PEARL FLORENZA BRACELET
Sold for:
Start Free Trial
or Sign In to see what it's worth.
- Sold Date:
- Source: eBay
VINTAGE 1950's GARNET OPAL FAUX PEARL FLORENZA BRACELET
Gorgeous 1950's Goldtone Link Bracelet by Jewelry Designer Florenza.
The Dan Kasoff Company first began to produce jewelry in the 1930s. The name Florenza was first used in 1948.
Bracelet is a double link style adorned on top of links is the classic chunky attachment. Each topped with either a faceted garnet or teardrop fire opal. Bracelet also has smaller garnets and seed pearls. Bracelet closes with box style fastener and has original safety chain.
Marks and Designer:
Metal & Materials:
Goldtone with faux garnets, pearls, and opals.
Necklace end to end measures 7 1/2".
Each link is 1/2" wide.
Please take for granted that any and all jewelry may need cleaning.I have acquired literally hundreds of pieces of vintage and antique costume jewelry from an estate out of Texas. Over the next few weeks, I will be listing these wonderful finds dating from Victorian Era through the 1970's. All styles and types of metal including gold , sterling silver , French Jet, Whitby Jet (fossilized lignite coal), signed and unsigned . Some will be listed in lots, so if you are a collector or if you just want some nice resalable vintage jewelry, ... read more


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Marie Skłodowska Curie (; ; ; 7 November 18674 July 1934), born Maria Salomea Skłodowska, was a Polish and naturalized-French physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win twice, the only person to win twice in multiple sciences, and was part of the Curie family legacy of five Nobel Prizes. She was also the first woman to become a professor at the University of Paris, and in 1995 became the first woman to be entombed on her own merits in the Panthéon in Paris. She was born in Warsaw, in what was then the Kingdom of Poland, part of the Russian Empire. She studied at Warsaw's clandestine Floating University and began her practical scientific training in Warsaw. In 1891, aged 24, she followed her older sister to study in Paris, where she earned her higher degrees and conducted her subsequent scientific work. She shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband Pierre Curie and with physicist Henri Becquerel. She won the 1911 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Her achievements included the development of the theory of radioactivity (a term that she coined ), techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, and the discovery of two elements, polonium and radium. Under her direction, the world's first studies were conducted into the treatment of neoplasms, using radioactive isotopes. She founded the Curie Institutes in Paris and in Warsaw, which remain major centres of medical research today. During World War I, she established the first military field radiological centres. While a French citizen, Marie Skłodowska Curie (she used both surnames) never lost her sense of Polish identity. She taught her daughters the Polish language and took them on visits to Poland. She named the first chemical element that she discoveredpolonium, which she isolated in 1898after her native country. Curie died in 1934, aged 66, at a sanatorium in Sancellemoz (Haute-Savoie), France, due to aplastic anemia brought on by exposure to radiation while carrying test tubes of radium in her pockets during research, and in the course of her service in World War I mobile X-ray units that she had set up.
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15 Mathematical Curiosities to Celebrate Marie Curie's 150th Birthday - Scientific American (blog)
Marie Curie hospice gets support from Miss Vale of Glamorgan ... - Penarth Times
Content from the Wikipedia article Marie Curie licensed under CC-BY-SA.


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Daily briefs of the top news stories impacting Christians around the world. In today's edition:
President Bush Cites Role Of Faith Groups In Disaster Relief
Ministry Urging Unity of Christians And Messianic Jews Stirs Concern, Support
Billy Graham Announces 2005 Crusade In New York City
Day Of Prayer Organizers Win Discrimination Lawsuit
President Bush Cites Role Of Faith Groups In Disaster Relief
Joni B. Hannigan, Baptist Press
Thanking Southern Baptists along with other faith-based groups such as the Salvation Army, President George W. Bush visited hurricane-stricken Florida for the fifth time in six weeks Sept. 29-30, eyeing damage to a citrus farm in Lake Wales hit by three of four hurricanes since Aug. 13, before visiting with a Southern Baptist disaster relief worker in Stuart. "Despite week after week of strain, faith-based groups, like Southern Baptists and the Salvation Army, are setting up kitchens to feed the hungry," Bush acknowledged in Lake Wales Sept. 29, while also bringing attention to the Red Cross and the National Guard for operating shelters, distributing supplies and keeping the streets safe. In the wake of Hurricanes Charley, Frances and Ivan, nearly 6,000 Southern Baptist disaster relief volunteers have helped prepare more than 1.6 million meals and completed nearly 5,000 cleanup and recovery projects, according to the Southern Baptist Convention's North American Mission Board. Florida Baptist Disaster Relief feeding and recovery units and local church volunteers were already in place and serving meals almost immediately following Jeanne. "Our nation is praying for the victims of these storms," Bush said when he was finished his tour, on the eve of the first-ever presidential debate in Miami. "We pray for all who come to their aid." Bush told reporters he has asked Congress to provide $12.2 billion to respond to Hurricanes Charley, Frances, Ivan and Jeanne -- and asked local official to make sure the resources reach "the people who need it." He also pledged support to make sure that citrus remains a strong part of Florida's economy.
Ministry Urging Unity of Christians And Messianic Jews Stirs Concern, Support
Charisma News Service
A new ministry that urges Christians to embrace Messianic Jews is drawing mixed feelings among Jewish religious leaders in a California community. Started by Bill McCartney, founder of the men's organization Promise Keepers, The Road to Jerusalem (TRJ) will officially launch with an event at the 16,200-seat Indian Wells Tennis Garden in Indian Wells on Dec. 3, The Riverside Press-Enterprise reported. Supporters say the gathering will kick off a worldwide campaign by TRJ to improve relations between Christians and Messianic Jews. Messianic Jews believe Jesus is the Messiah, but consider themselves Jewish and observe Jewish rituals. Jewish religious leaders, however, consider them Christian and are offended by their efforts to evangelize Jews. Some welcome TRJ as a way to bridge the gap between Christians and Jews, but others say the event is no more than a thinly veiled attempt to convert Jews to Christianity. "The thrust of our ministry is to see Gentile Christians link arms with Messianic Jews. Both of us see Yeshua (Hebrew for Jesus) as Messiah and we have that common bond." Pastor Raleigh Washington, president and chief executive officer of TRJ, stated. Rabbi Stephen Babkow, of Ohav Shalom Temple, a Messianic congregation in Cathedral City, said his congregation is excited about TRJ. "The fulfillment of Judaism is Christianity," he said. (http://www.charismanow.com)
Billy Graham Announces 2005 Crusade In New York City
Baptist Press
Billy Graham has accepted an invitation to lead a New York City crusade at Madison Square Garden in June 2005, the Billy Graham Evangelistic Association announced Sept. 30. Pastors from more than 150 New York area churches gathered to extend an official invitation to the evangelist, expecting him to bring "a history, a legacy, and most important, the anointing God has placed on him to speak a simple message by God's Spirit to the hearts of thousands," a statement by the organization read. "In response to 9/11, the churches in New York City expressed a collaborative effort to come together in response to a need," said A.R. Bernard, pastor of the Christian Cultural Center in Brooklyn and chair of the crusade, according to the BGEA release. "My prayer is that this crusade will bring us to a stage of collective effort, where each church plays a part, but we will make a difference together as a whole." The 2005 crusade will be Graham's seventh in the area and third at three different Madison Square Garden locations following meetings in 1969 and 1957. Graham's most recent visit to New York was a rally in Central Park in 1991, which set a record for the largest religious assembly in the city with more than 250,000 in attendance.
Day Of Prayer Organizers Win Discrimination Lawsuit
Jenni Parker, AgapePress
The organizers of a local celebration of the National Day of Prayer in Tucson, Arizona, have been granted a major award in a religious discrimination lawsuit against the city. According to an Associated Press report, event organizers Robert and Patricia Gentala, who originally filed suit in 1997, won their case against the Tucson officials last November. The Gentalas' suit claimed Tucson officials had charged the Christian event organizers for the use of city parks and the receipt of certain services, even though secular users were not charged for the use of these same facilities and services. A federal judge ruled that the city did indeed discriminate against the Day of Prayer organizers by charging them unfairly and had thereby violated their right to free religious expression. The court has ordered the city of Tucson to pay more than $255,000 in attorney fees to the organizers of the National Day of Prayer event.


text: I've worked with the Rescue Mission on a number of professional projects with work as well as personally donated to them. They do a lot of great things to help those in need here in Topeka. They work with the resources they are given, spend donations wisely on things that are needed, and make huge impact on people.


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Just a little bit of research into the Six Flag theme parks reveals that death seems to linger around these amusement park like a grim specter. Here are a few examples of some of the deaths and injuries that occurred at Six Flags:
*On May 11, 1984, eight teenage visitors were trapped and killed when the Haunted Castle attraction was destroyed by fire.
*On June 17, 1987, a 19-year-old woman died after falling from the Lightnin' Loops shuttle loop roller coaster.
*On June 28, 2008, a 17-year-old male was decapitated by a passing train of Batman the Ride in Atlanta after he hopped two six-foot fences and entered a restricted area. Initial reports said that the victim was allegedly trying to grab the feet of a rider as the train went by; later reports said that the victim was merely trying to retrieve a hat.
*On July 18, 1989, an 11-year-old boy became unconscious while riding Z-Force. Park staff performed CPR, but the victim was pronounced dead after being taken to the hospital.


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The anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-10 is important for regulating inflammation in the periphery and brain, but whether it protects against infection- or age-related psychomotor disturbances and fatigue is unknown. Therefore, the present study evaluated motor coordination, time to fatigue, and several central and peripheral proinflammatory cytokines in male young adult (3-mo-old) and middle-aged (12-mo-old) wild-type (IL-10+/+) and IL-10-deficient (IL-10−/−) mice after intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or saline. No age-related differences were observed; therefore, data from the two ages were pooled and analyzed to determine effects of genotype and treatment. LPS treatment increased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα mRNA in all brain areas examined in IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− mice, but to a greater extent and for a longer time in IL-10−/− mice. Plasma IL-1β and IL-6 were increased similarly in IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− mice 4 h after LPS but remained elevated longer in IL-10−/− mice, whereas TNFα was higher in IL-10−/− mice throughout after LPS treatment. Motor performance and motor learning in IL-10+/+ mice were not affected by LPS treatment; however, both were reduced in IL-10−/− mice treated with LPS compared with those treated with saline. Furthermore, although LPS reduced the time to fatigue in IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− mice, the effects were exacerbated in IL-10−/− mice. Thus the increased brain and peripheral inflammation induced by LPS in IL-10−/− mice was associated with increased coordination deficits and fatigue. These data suggest that IL-10 may inhibit motor deficits and fatigue associated with peripheral infections via its anti-inflammatory effects.
- brain
- proinflammatory cytokines
- motor coordination
- lipopolysaccharide
the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) are well known to induce sickness behavior in response to infection (7). In addition to sickness behavior, proinflammatory cytokines reduce muscle mass and strength (20, 30) and, also, may affect brain areas involved in motor coordination and fatigue (8). This outcome may be particularly important in the elderly, because inflammation tends to increase with age and is often paralleled by a decline in psychomotor function, largely marked by impaired coordination, balance, and strength (16). These motor and balance disruptions are the major causes of admission into hospitals and nursing homes (18), and it is estimated that more deaths in the elderly are caused by injuries from falls than by pneumonia or diabetes (12a). It is noteworthy that constitutive expression of several proinflammatory cytokines is increased in the periphery and brain of old, but otherwise healthy, animals (32). Moreover, when lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is administered to mimic a peripheral infection, old mice experienced an exaggerated proinflammatory cytokine response in the brain and exhibited signs of behavioral pathology, including prolonged anorexia (10), depressive-like behavior (11), and cognitive dysfunction (2), that were not seen in younger cohorts. Collectively, these studies support a linkage between inflammation and motor deficits and fatigue.
The anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 can inhibit the effector functions of macrophages and microglia by blocking proinflammatory cytokine synthesis, suppressing expression of receptors for proinflammatory cytokines, and inhibiting cytokine receptor activation (28). IL-10, therefore, is important for restricting the proinflammatory response during infection, and, not surprisingly, mice deficient in IL-10 have higher serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines after LPS administration (1). This finding is relevant to the geriatric population as well, because the age-associated increase in proinflammatory cytokines in the brain is inversely related to IL-10 expression in rats and mice (22, 32).
Given the purported relationship between proinflammatory cytokines and motor deficits and fatigue, the present study was conducted to determine whether IL-10 protects against infection- or age-related psychomotor disturbances and fatigue. Specifically, we evaluated motor coordination, time to fatigue, and several proinflammatory cytokine proteins and mRNAs in plasma and brain, respectively, in young adult and middle-aged wild-type and IL-10-deficient mice after intraperitoneal injection of LPS. Our hypothesis was that fatigue and motor deficits in older mice and mice challenged with LPS would be exacerbated in the absence of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
Male C57BL/6J (WT; IL-10+/+) and IL-10-knockout B6.129P2-II10tm1Cgn (IL-10−/−) mice were purchased from Jackson Laboratories (Bar Harbor, ME) at 2 mo of age and maintained at the University of Illinois under specific pathogen-free conditions to minimize the development of colitis (14). Mice were housed in polypropylene cages and maintained at 23°C under a reverse-phase 12:12-h light-dark cycle with ad libitum access to water and rodent chow. To test the mice when they are naturally active, all experimental procedures were carried out during the dark phase of the light-dark cycle under infrared lighting. Mice were 3–5 or 10–12 mo old when studies were conducted. Animals that exhibited signs of colitis (e.g., perianal ulceration, diarrhea, rectal prolapse, or weight loss) were removed from the study (n = 2). All procedures were in accordance with the National Institutes of Health guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals and were approved by the University of Illinois Laboratory Animal Care and Use Committee.
Experimental Design
To determine the effect of age, LPS, and IL-10 on motor coordination and fatigue, 5- and 11-mo-old IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− mice were injected intraperitoneally with 0.33 mg/kg (∼10 μg/mouse) Escherichia coli LPS (serotype 0127:B8, Sigma, St. Louis, MO) or sterile saline (n = 8/group). Mice were tested on the rotarod treadmill in three consecutive trials at 4 and 24 h after injection. At the end of the last rotarod trial at the 24-h time point, mice were allowed to rest for 1 h and then placed on a motorized treadmill and tested for time to fatigue. Immediately after the exhaustive fatigue test, mice were killed by CO2 asphyxiation, blood was collected by cardiac puncture, and the brain was quickly dissected for collection of the hippocampus, striatum, cortex, and cerebellum. Brain tissue was placed in RNAlater, and tissue and plasma were stored at −80°C until assaying for peripheral and central proinflammatory cytokines. Effects of LPS on the inflammatory response at a time point corresponding to the behavioral test were determined in a separate study: IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− mice (n = 6/group) were injected with LPS or saline and killed 4 h thereafter for collection of blood and brain.
Behavioral Tests
Motor function.
A rotarod treadmill (Med Associates, St Albans, VT) was used to assess motor coordination. Mice were placed on a 4-cm-diameter horizontal rod positioned 16.5 cm above a cushioned base. Immediately before the first test session, mice were allowed a 30-s acclimation period, during which the speed of the rotarod was held constant at 4 rpm. Mice had to maintain their footing and balance as the rotating drum accelerated. During the test sessions, the speed of rotation was increased by continuous acceleration from 0 to 40 rpm for 5 min, and latency to fall was measured. Animals that reached maximum speed were allowed to stay on the rotarod for a total of 500 s and then were removed from the apparatus. Each test session consisted of three trials with a 1-h intertrial interval.
Exhaustive fatigue.
For assessment of volitional fatigue, mice were placed on a motorized treadmill (Jog-a-Dog, Ottawa Lake, MI) in individual lanes separated by plastic dividers 24 h after LPS or saline injection. For each test, mice ran for 10 min at 6 m/min and then for an 8-min period, during which the speed was gradually increased to 18 m/min. The final speed corresponded to an intensity of ∼80–85% of their maximal oxygen uptake (23). The mice ran until volitional exhaustion, which was defined as 10 s of continual nonrunning at the back of the treadmill lane, where a foam sponge was placed. Electric shock was not used as negative reinforcement to induce running behavior.
Cytokine Determination
Plasma cytokines.
Plasma samples were assayed for IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα with use of a multiplex bead-based immunoassay kit combined with a cytokine reagent kit as described by the manufacturer (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA). IL-10 was assayed with the use of a quantikine mouse IL-10 immunoassay kit as described by the manufacturer (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). The assays were sensitive to <3 pg/ml for IL-1β, IL-6, TNFα, and IL-10. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation were <8%.
Cytokine mRNA in brain.
Total RNA was isolated from homogenized brain regions using the TriReagent protocol (Sigma). A Quanti Tect reverse transcription kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) was used for cDNA synthesis with integrated removal of genomic DNA contamination according to the manufacturer's protocol. Briefly, RNA samples were mixed with gDNA Wipeout Buffer and RNase-free water and incubated at 42°C for 2 min. Quantiscript reverse transcriptase, Quantiscript RT buffer, and RT primer mix were added to samples, which were incubated at 42°C for 15 min and then incubated at 95°C for 3 min to inactivate Quantiscript reverse transcriptase. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed using the Assay-on-Demand gene expression protocol (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA). Briefly, cDNA was amplified by PCR, where a target cDNA (Mm00434228_ml for IL-1β, m00443258_ml for TNFα, and Mm00446190_ml for IL-6) and a reference cDNA (Mn99999915_gl for glucose-3 phosphate dehydrogenase) were amplified simultaneously using an oligonucleotide probe with a 5′-fluorescent reporter dye (6-carboxyfluorescein) and a 3′-nonfluorescent quencher dye. PCRs were performed under the following conditions: 50°C for 2 min and 95°C for 10 min followed by 40 cycles at 95°C for 15 s and 60°C for 1 min. Fluorescence was determined on an ABI PRISM 7900HT sequence detection system (Perkin Elmer, Forest City, CA). Data were analyzed using the comparative threshold cycle (Ct) method as previously described (5), and results are expressed as fold change compared with saline controls.
Data Analysis
Statistical Analysis Systems general linear model procedures were used for data analysis. Data were subjected to two-way (genotype × treatment) or three-way (genotype × treatment × age) ANOVA or a repeated-measures ANOVA in which test day was a within-subjects measure (i.e., repeated measure) and LPS (0 μg or 10 μg), genotype (IL-10+/+ or IL-10−/−), and age (adult and middle-aged) were between-subjects measures to determine significant main effects as well as interactions between these main effects. Values are means ± SE.
Psychomotor Deficits in IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− Mice After LPS Administration
Effects of age, peripheral immune stimulation, and IL-10 deficiency on psychomotor performance and fatigue were determined in 5- and 11-mo-old IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− mice intraperitoneally injected with LPS. Although increased brain cytokine production and a more severe sickness behavior syndrome had been reported in older (22- to 24-mo-old) rodents injected with LPS (6, 9, 10, 12, 29), contrary to our hypothesis, no effects of age were observed for any measurement. Therefore, data from the two age groups were pooled and analyzed for assessment of genotype and treatment effects.
Motor coordination was assessed on the rotarod treadmill 4 and 24 h after injection, and the average latency to fall during the three trials conducted at each time point was determined (Fig. 1A). ANOVA of latency to fall from the rotarod revealed main effects of time [F(1,28) = 9.19, P = 0.003] and treatment [F(1,28) = 13.47, P = 0.0004] and a treatment × genotype [F(1,28) = 28.51, P < 0.0001] interaction. There was a tendency for a treatment × time [F(1,28) = 2.81, P = 0.0962] and treatment × genotype × time [F(1,28) = 3.27, P = 0.0731] interaction. Post hoc analysis indicated that LPS did not affect performance of IL-10+/+ mice on the rotarod at 4 h (P = 0.2643), whereas performance of IL-10−/− mice was worse after LPS injection than in saline-treated controls (P = 0.0069). Moreover, IL-10+/+ mice showed improvement in motor coordination 24 h after LPS, but motor deficits were still apparent in IL-10−/− mice (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, only LPS-treated IL-10−/− mice failed to demonstrate motor learning by improving performance over consecutive trials conducted at 4 and 24 h (Fig. 1B). Consecutive training on an accelerating rotarod can be regarded as a valid paradigm for motor skill learning (4). Interestingly, the saline- and LPS-treated IL-10+/+ mice and the saline-treated IL-10−/− mice improved performance on the rotarod; among all the treatment groups, the saline-treated IL-10−/− mice seemed to exhibit the greatest improvement. These results indicate that the psychomotor disturbances associated with LPS treatment were more pronounced and persistent in IL-10−/− mice.
Fatigue in IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− Mice After Peripheral LPS Injection
To determine whether IL-10 affected exhaustive fatigue following peripheral immune activation, time to fatigue on a motorized treadmill was determined for IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− mice 24 h after LPS injection (Fig. 2). ANOVA of time to fatigue revealed a significant main effect of LPS [F(1,28) = 14.44, P = 0.0007] as well as an LPS × genotype [F(1,28) = 7.46, P = 0.0108] interaction. Moreover, in IL-10+/+ mice, LPS treatment tended to reduce time to fatigue compared with saline-treated IL-10+/+ mice (P = 0.0950), whereas in IL-10−/− mice time to fatigue was markedly depressed (P < 0.0001). Although not statistically significant, LPS treatment reduced time to fatigue in IL-10+/+ mice by 59%, whereas time to fatigue in IL-10−/− mice was reduced 94%. The reduced time to fatigue in IL-10−/− mice after LPS injection was particularly striking, because saline-treated IL-10−/− mice resisted fatigue. Thus, in the absence of peripheral immune stimulation, IL-10 deficiency seemed to enhance motor function and time to fatigue. When LPS is administered to mimic a peripheral infection, the findings indicate that IL-10 deficiency leads to gross motor impairments and fatigue.
Proinflammatory Cytokines in IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− Mice After Peripheral LPS Injection
Plasma IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα levels were measured in IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− mice 4 and 24 h after injection of saline or LPS (Table 1). Furthermore, because the striatum, cerebellum, and motor cortical regions of the frontal lobe are important for the acquisition and/or retention of skilled motor behaviors (21), proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels were measured in the cerebellum, cortex, and striatum (Table 1). Proinflammatory cytokine mRNA levels were also determined in the hippocampus, because this area is associated with LPS-induced deficits in learning and memory. Plasma and brain proinflammatory cytokine data were subjected to ANOVA, and the significance of the main effects (genotype and treatment) and interaction of main effects (genotype × treatment) at each time point are presented in Table 1.
In IL-10−/− mice, plasma IL-10 concentration was below assay sensitivity in the absence and presence of LPS stimulation. However, IL-10 was detectable in plasma of saline-treated IL-10+/+ mice, and levels increased after LPS injection. Plasma IL-1β and IL-6 were increased in LPS-treated IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− mice 4 h after peripheral immune stimulation compared with saline controls. Plasma TNFα, however, was increased in LPS-treated IL-10−/− mice but was not significantly increased in IL-10+/+ mice at 4 h, probably because, in wild-type mice, TNFα levels peak 1–2 h after LPS treatment and return to baseline shortly thereafter (1). At 24 h after injection, cytokine levels were returning to baseline in LPS-treated IL-10+/+ mice, yet the proinflammatory cytokines remained elevated in similarly treated IL-10−/− mice. Thus the LPS-induced elevation in plasma proinflammatory cytokines was prolonged in the absence of IL-10.
Treatment with LPS increased IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 mRNA at 4 h in all brain areas in IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− mice; however, the increase was often greater in IL-10−/− mice. For example, mRNA levels for the three proinflammatory cytokines were markedly higher in three of the four brain areas sampled in LPS-treated IL-10−/− mice than in LPS-treated IL-10+/+ mice. In LPS-treated mice, IL-1β and TNFα mRNA levels in all brain regions examined returned toward baseline at 24 h but were still higher than in saline-treated mice, irrespective of genotype. Interestingly, IL-6 mRNA level in the four brain regions returned to baseline at 24 h in LPS-treated IL-10+/+ mice but was still higher in IL-10−/− mice, especially in the cerebellum. Taken together, these data indicate that, in brain areas important for skilled motor behaviors, IL-10 mediates the magnitude and duration of the proinflammatory cytokine response during peripheral immune activation.
Anti-inflammatory cytokines play an important role in regulating inflammation in the periphery and brain (27, 32). Because IL-10 has been reported to be decreased in the brain of aged humans and mice, allowing inflammatory cytokines to increase (22, 32), one aim of the present study was to determine whether IL-10 deficiency would hasten the onset of age-associated psychomotor deficits. If performance in fatigue and motor coordination tasks is poorer in older than in younger IL-10−/− mice, we thought this strain might be useful for investigation of psychomotor aging. Unfortunately, we found no age effect on any measurement, perhaps because the groups differed in age by just 6 mo. In some instances, we saw improved performance in the older IL-10−/− mice compared with the younger IL-10−/− mice (e.g., fatigue test in saline-treated mice). It was difficult to expand the age difference further because of the age-associated risk that the IL-10−/− mice might develop colitis even while maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions (14). Clinical signs of chronic inflammatory bowel disease are diarrhea, perianal ulceration, rectal prolapse, and intestinal bleeding (3, 14). Indeed, two animals exhibited rectal prolapses and were removed from the study. Thus the IL-10−/− mice did not prove to be useful for studying age-related psychomotor deficits, as we had hoped.
That there were no differences attributed to age does not lessen the importance of the dissimilar responses of IL-10+/+ and IL-10−/− mice to peripheral immune stimulation. In the present study, LPS-treated IL-10−/− mice exhibited increased motor deficits and a shorter time to fatigue than similarly treated IL-10+/+ mice. The fatigue and motor deficits in LPS-treated IL-10−/− mice were associated with higher plasma inflammatory cytokine levels and increased expression of inflammatory cytokine genes in brain areas important for skilled motor behaviors. We interpret these findings to suggest that IL-10 can inhibit psychomotor deficits related to peripheral infections via its anti-inflammatory effects. The results are less clear about the role of IL-10 in motor performance and fatigue in healthy animals, inasmuch as IL-10−/− mice treated with saline seemed to perform better. Nonetheless, these findings are significant, because psychomotor functions used to perform day-to-day tasks that are necessary for independent living (e.g., stair climbing and walking) are often impaired in chronically infected patients. By extension, the present findings are also relevant to the geriatric population, because the age-related increase in inflammation is associated with a decrease in anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-10 (22, 32). It has been estimated that approximately one-third of community-dwelling elderly people suffer at least one fall each year, and this number increases among institutionalized patients (15). In addition, functional and cognitive deterioration entails a greater risk of falls (24). There is evidence of decreased motor performance in individuals with cognitive impairment and dementia when performing an additional cognitive task (26).
In the present study, the rotarod apparatus tested balance and coordination and motor learning, whereas the motorized treadmill tested time to fatigue. The fact that IL-10−/− mice performed poorly compared with IL-10+/+ mice when challenged with LPS is consistent with a linkage between inflammatory cytokines and loss of motor function. In one study, higher cytokine levels were associated with lower muscle mass and lower muscle strength (30). Specifically, IL-6 and TNFα have been shown to cause a loss of muscle mass and strength (20, 30), and these two proinflammatory cytokines, along with IL-1β, remained elevated in peripheral blood of IL-10−/− mice 24 h after LPS injection. In a related study, we recently found IL-6 to be higher in skeletal and cardiac muscle of LPS-treated IL-10−/− mice (17).
It is also noteworthy that the central expression of inflammatory cytokines was typically higher in IL-10−/− mice after LPS treatment. We were particularly interested in the central cytokine compartment because of its potential role in the pathogenesis of immunologically mediated fatigue (25). Chronic fatigue is considered to be the seventh most common symptom in primary healthcare (13). Chronic fatigue syndrome is often diagnosed for patients who present ≥6 mo of unexplained fatigue with other characteristic symptoms that are centrally mediated and known to be inducible by inflammatory cytokines, including cognitive dysfunction (e.g., impaired memory and concentration, depression, and irritability), malaise, poor sleep, and problems maintaining balance. A recent study of patients with postinfective fatigue syndrome that examined the relationship between fatigue symptoms and serum cytokines and cytokines secreted in vitro by isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells concluded that fatigue was not associated with altered cytokine production (31). However, this study was unable to account for inflammatory cytokines within the central nervous system, where feelings of fatigue are likely to originate. Indeed, the authors suggested an alternative hypothesis for postinfective fatigue syndrome based on inflammatory mediators that are produced by activated brain glial cells. A key role for central inflammatory cytokines in fatigue is supported by a recent study of the perception of exercise-induced fatigue in mice (19). Inhibition of TNFα in the brain, but not in the periphery, increased voluntary exercise, suggesting that the perception of fatigue was delayed, whereas injection of recombinant TNFα intracerebroventricularly reduced voluntary exercise, suggesting that the perception of fatigue was enhanced. Thus inflammatory cytokines produced within the brain may be at least as important as those produced in the periphery for induction of fatigue, although from the present study we cannot distinguish effects of peripheral cytokines from effects of central cytokines. Nonetheless, to the extent that inflammatory cytokines contribute to exhaustive fatigue and deficits in motor coordination in elderly subjects or subjects with an infection, the model described here is useful for exploring ways to prevent or treat fatigue and motor complications.
Perspectives and Significance
Fatigue and motor deficits in IL-10-deficient mice treated with LPS to mimic a peripheral infection were associated with higher plasma inflammatory cytokine levels and increased expression of inflammatory cytokine genes in brain areas important for skilled motor behaviors. These findings are interpreted to suggest that IL-10 can inhibit psychomotor deficits related to peripheral infections via its anti-inflammatory effects. These findings are significant, because psychomotor functions used to perform day-to-day tasks that are necessary for independent living are often impaired in chronically infected patients. Thus strategies to mitigate inflammatory cytokines in the periphery or brain may be useful for prevention of deficits in psychomotor behavior.
This research was supported by National Institutes of Health Grants AG-1670, AG-023580, and MH-069148.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2008 the American Physiological Society


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