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HOPE FOR TODAY Revival Series. "God's Miracle Diet Plan". John 10:10. I am come that they might have LIFE, … more Abundantly. Romans 12:1.
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"God's Miracle Diet Plan"
I am come that they might have LIFE, … more Abundantly
1 I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service.
15 Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him.
And Jesus increased in wisdom and stature, and in favor with God and man.
30 I can of mine own self do nothing: as I hear, I judge: and my judgment is just; because I seek not mine own will, but the will of the Father which hath sent me.
My son, attend to my words; incline thine ear unto My sayings.
For they are life unto those that find them, and health to all their flesh.
2 Beloved, I wish above all things that thou mayest prosper and be in health, even as thy soul prospereth.
19 What? know ye not that your body is the temple of the Holy Ghost which is in you, which ye have of God, and ye are not your own?
20 For ye are bought with a price: therefore glorify God in your body, and in your spirit, which are God's.
17 If any man defile the temple of God, him shall God destroy; for the temple of God is holy, which temple ye are.
31 Whether therefore ye eat, or drink, or whatsoever ye do, do all to the glory of God.
Every herb bearing seed …upon the face of all the earth, and every tree, in the which is fruit of a tree yielding seed; to you it shall be for meat.—Fruit, Grains & Nuts
...Thou shalt eat the herb of the field;—Vegetables
Of every clean beast thou shalt take to thee by sevens, the male and his female: and of beasts that are not clean by two, the male and his female.
But flesh with the life thereof, which is the blood thereof, shall ye not eat.
3 Whatsoever parteth the hoof, and is clovenfooted, and cheweth the cud, among the beasts, that shall ye eat.
4 Nevertheless these shall ye not eat of them that chew the cud, or of them that divide the hoof: as the camel, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.
5 And the coney, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.
6 And the hare, because he cheweth the cud, but divideth not the hoof; he is unclean unto you.
7 And the swine, though he divide the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he cheweth not the cud; he is unclean to you.
8 Of their flesh shall ye not eat, and their carcase shall ye not touch; they are unclean to you.
9 These shall ye eat of all that are in the waters: whatsoever hath fins and scales in the waters, in the seas, and in the rivers, them shall ye eat.
10 And all that have not fins and scales in the seas, and in the rivers, of all that move in the waters, and of any living thing which is in the waters, they shall be an abomination unto you:
13 And these are they which ye shall have in abomination among the fowls; they shall not be eaten, they are an abomination: the eagle, and the ossifrage, and the ospray,
14 And the vulture, and the kite after his kind;
15 Every raven after his kind;
16 And the owl, and the night hawk, and the cuckow, and the hawk after his kind
17 And the little owl, and the cormorant, and the great owl,
18 And the swan, and the pelican, and the gier eagle,
19 And the stork, the heron after her kind, and the lapwing, and the bat.
20 All fowls that creep, going upon all four, shall be an abomination unto you.
And said, If thou wilt diligently hearken to the voice of the LORD thy God, and wilt do that which is right in his sight, and wilt give ear to his commandments, and keep all his statutes, I will put none of these diseases upon thee, which I have brought upon the Egyptians: for I am the LORD that healeth thee.
1 Wine is a mocker, strong drink is raging: and whosoever is deceived thereby is not wise.
19 Hear thou, my son, and be wise, and guide thine heart in the way.
20 Be not among winebibbers; among riotous eaters of flesh:
21 For the drunkard and the glutton shall come to poverty: and drowsinessshall clothe a man with rags.
29 Who hath woe? who hath sorrow? who hath contentions? who hath babbling? who hath wounds without cause? who hath redness of eyes?
30 They that tarry long at the wine; they that go to seek mixed wine.
31 Look not thou upon the wine when it is red, when it giveth his colour in the cup, when it moveth itself aright.
32 At the last it biteth like a serpent, and stingeth like an adder.
33 Thine eyes shall behold strange women, and thine heart shall utter perverse things.
And every man that striveth for mastery is temperate in all things…
But I keep under my body, and bring it into subjection: lest that by any means, when I have preached to others, I myself should be a castaway.
2 And put a knife to thy throat, if thou be a man given to appetite.
…That which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man.
26 If any man among you seem to be religious, and bridleth not his tongue, but deceiveth his own heart, this man's religion is vain.
And the tongue is a fire, a world of iniquity,…it defileth the whole body
Lying lips are abomination to the Lord:
All liars shall have their part in the lake which burneth with fire…
And whosoever loveth and maketh a lie.
19—Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are…
35 By this shall all men know that ye are my disciples, if ye have love one to another.
20 If a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother, he is a liar: for he that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen?
21 And this commandment have we from him, That he who loveth God love his brother also.
…Whosoever looketh on a woman to lust after her…
29 He that is slow to wrath is of great understanding: but he that is hasty of spirit exalteth folly.
18 A wrathful man stirreth up strife: but he that is slow to anger appeaseth strife.
24 Make no friendship with an angry man; and with a furious man thou shalt not go:
25 Lest thou learn his ways, and get a snare to thy soul.
33 Be not deceived: evil communications corrupt good manners.
I am the way, the truth, and the life.
I am the bread of life: He that cometh to Me shall never hunger…
But whosoever drinketh of the water that I shall give him shall never thirst. But the water that I shall give him shall be in him a well of water springing up into eternal life.
24 Then said Jesus unto his disciples, If any man will come after me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow me.
33 So likewise, whosoever he be of you that forsaketh not all that he hath, he cannot be my disciple.
24 Now unto him that is able to keep you from falling
The Holy Ghost, whom God hath given to them that obey him.
22 A merry heart doeth good like a medicine …
17 If ye know these things, happy are ye if ye do them.
31 - If ye continue in My word, then are ye My disciples indeed;
32—And ye shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.
I am the … truth.
… Thy word is truth.
If the Son…shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed.
13 I can do all things through Christ which strengtheneth me.
Draw nigh to God, and He will draw nigh to you…
17 The highway of the upright is to depart from evil: he that keepeth his way preserveth his soul.
14 Enter not into the path of the wicked, and go not in the way of evil men.
15 Avoid it, pass not by it, turn from it, and pass away.
16 For they sleep not, except they have done mischief; and their sleep is taken away, unless they cause some to fall.
17 For they eat the bread of wickedness, and drink the wine of violence.
… Possess your vessel.
18 For I reckon that the sufferings of this present time are not worthy to be compared with the glory which shall be revealed in us.
21 Because the creature itself also shall be delivered from the bondage of corruption into the glorious liberty of the children of God.
6 Being confident of this very thing, that he which hath begun a good work in you will perform it until the day of Jesus Christ:
4 Whereby are given unto us exceeding great and precious promises: that by these ye might be partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust.
5 And beside this, giving all diligence, add to your faith virtue; and to virtue knowledge;
6 And to knowledge temperance; and to temperance patience; and to patience godliness;
7 And to godliness brotherly kindness; and to brotherly kindness charity.
8 For if these things be in you, and abound, they make you that ye shall neither be barren nor unfruitful in the knowledge of our Lord Jesus Christ.
See You Friday Night
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Stockings Are A-ReadyFriday, December 14, 2012
Hello all! Do you have your stockings and wreaths ready for the holidays? If not, never fear, I've assembled some lovely links to quick and easy projects on the web to get you all set!
I have always loved Christmas stockings – there's something so thrilling about seeing your very own stocking hung on the wall, and a handmade one is truly best.
This felt stocking on Crafts Tuts+ is trimmed with ribbon, buttons, ricrac, pom poms and embroidery. I adore bright, cheerful colors, and it's a perfect way to work through your ribbon and button stash if you (like me) tend to hoard the haberdashery. It looks quick, fun, and gorgeous.
How about this lovely ribbon and embroidery-trimmed velveteen stocking by designer Elaine Schmidt?
Elaine's post shares detailed closeups of her stitch choices and ribbons – all quite gorgeous, to say the least. She advises using Pearl Cotton in sizes 5 and 8 and I'd love to try some of our bright DMC Pearl Cotton on a project like this.
I'm also loving this simple but beautiful free tree design on Achica. The post includes a stocking template and full directions on how to create and embroider your stocking.
Even if your stockings are already done, I love the tree pattern on its own – it would look beautiful on a nice bright Aida as a quick and easy ornament.
And let's not forget our own Santa cross-stitch pattern, shared here 2 winters ago!
I do realize there are few stitching days until Christmas, but it would be easy and elegant to get this project started using Carolina linen or Monaco, stitching just a name or some initials at the top, using those beautiful cross stitch letters…
And if you haven't time to stitch the border, a beautiful holiday ribbon would do just as well under the initials! Are you suitably inspired on the stocking front? Next week, we'll share some ideas on what to do with your extra holiday cards and wrapping paper…

subset: commoncrawl


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Here we provide UAV Army Drone Flight SIM 15 V 1.1 for Android 2.3.2+ Get ready for some EPIC drone flying in the big city adventure san francisco. This drone flight simulator is almost as realistic as flying a UAV military drone in real life. The only difference is that you don't need to bring your remote control before taking flight..
This is stage one of your military drone training. Stage one takes place on the big city adventure san francisco so you can learn the basics about army drone flying. Stage one might just be the first stage in the military drone training program but it's more challenging than it sounds and looks. You need to control your military drone very precise and maneuver it through the various rings that are up in the air. Get ready for some EPIC drone flight simulator stunts.
This drone flight simulator has many cool and challenging different game levels that will keep you entertained for many hours. The different game levels will learn you how to perform a PERFECT uav army drone landing and also how to perform a PERFECT uav army drone take off. In these military drone games the gameplay will get a little bit more challenging after you completed the previous level. The more levels you finish the more challenging these military drone game levels will become. Do you have the skills to complete all army drone game levels?
If you are a mobile game player that enjoys all different kinds of army jet flying games, navy battle games and regular military drone games than we can recommend you to download this free drone simulator and simply give it a try. We promise that you will not regret it. Become a real uav pilot and never forget to have fun and fly save.
3D Drone Flight Simulator Game KEY FEATURES
– realistic army drone flight missions
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– enjoy the amazing 3d environments while flying
– addictive and nonviolence game perfect for kids of all ages
– become a better uav pilot as the missions become harder and harder
So again, please give this EPIC drone simulation game a try, especially when you already enjoy all different kinds of army jet flying games, navy battle games and regular military drone games. It's all free to download and to play for your enjoyment. So take flight and stay safe pilots!
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Very interesting game, I can spend a whole day to play, it is worth downloading, it is strongly recommended.


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ModCloth "Field Day Off" dress c/o ModCloth Bait Footwear "Float You Forget About Me" heels c/o ModCloth (order a half size down) Kate Spade heart bag "Keiko" glasses by Bonlook It seems like all at once, everyone around me started
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Cozy Sweater, Over the Knee Boots
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Shave and a Haircut, Two Bits.
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The Secrets of Coloured Hair
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The Arco Collection is inspired by the form of the tree, rooted in the ground and standing tall. The resulting pieces are constructed on bases of firm, well-established arches which rise up to form a collection of superior silverware. Each piece is adorned with delicate and intricate decorations styled on the leaves of a tree.
Hazorfim's skilled silver artists patiently hand-sculpt the body of each piece and the decorations which adorn it; an exact process demanding skill and attention to the smallest of details. The time dedicated to each piece in the Arco Collection symbolizes the effort and thought devoted to nurturing and strengthening the family unit- honoring the mitzvot and reminding us of the importance of strong family roots.
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- ^ a b Dakss, Brian (2004-12-30). "Heartbreak Turned To Success". CBS News. Archived from the original on 2010-02-19. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
- ^ Rubin, Charlie (2006-06-04). "'Heat,' by Mike Lupica". New York Times. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
- ^ "CHILDREN'S BEST SELLERS: December 19, 2004". New York Times. 2004-12-19. Retrieved 19 February 2010.
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November 17, 2008
With the current fighting in the eastern DRCongo, the so-called international community has failed once again to rise up to history's call. Why is it so difficult to come together for peace, healing and dignity? Are there people in DRCongo thinking and living along those lines? There are. Probably even the majority of the population. Yet, this majority keeps being betrayed by those who would like to impose the dominant mentality–which in its most succinct form states: might is right. In DRCongo, this has played itself out relentlessly against the most vulnerable: children and children accused of sorcery, women, handicapped, pygmies, old, poor, jobless, displaced people, students, etc.
Starting with slavery, the wealth of the DRCongo has been used against its own people in ways which are difficult to imagine. Most accounts of the DRCongo's situation today fail to make the connection between the current moment and the process that was inaugurated with the dislocations/disconnections/disruptions triggered by slavery. The terrorizing atrocities committed against innocent people today are rooted in similar ones centuries ago. The mind-set that says it is okay to maim and to kill with impunity in the most horrific ways goes back to the emergence of the system of slavery, which nurtured an economic system into its current triumphant manifestation.
Everything that is not at the service of the economic system is considered secondary–as one can see from how the Planet is treated, from how economics has become the most important lingua franca of humanity. The treatment of humanity as secondary can be seen in the way in which the political leadership in Africa is dehumanizing its own people. The so-called theory of trickle down economics does work: from the highest and most powerful places in the world, where it is decided that half a million children dead in Iraq (as a result of an embargo on medicine) is a worthwhile price to pay, to far off imitators (heads of state, heads of militias, heads of gangs, cartels, respected and not so respected institutions) who think that the only way to be respected is to instill fear, softly or brutally, depending on the context.
To those who have been the beneficiaries of this long attrition process, the preference is not to dig too deep into such a history. There are several reasons why this distancing from such a shameful and terrifying history is adhered to. The most important are as follows:
1) It is shameful to the descendants of those who most benefited from the wealth generated by the enslaving process;
2) It is shameful to the descendants of those who failed to stand up against the enslaving process, from its place of origin and all the intermediate places;
3) It is shameful to the descendants of those who feel that the injustice has never been appropriately addressed.
While each of these reasons has triggered other sub-processes, they all have had one common denominator of reinforcing the mind-set born out of a process which was a crime against humanity. Some think it is sheer lunacy to recall this under the current conditions in DRC–because, they say, the priority is to deal with the humanitarian situation. After so many years in the Emergency Room of the international community, should one not try to address the fundamental issues? Those who are allergic to history prefer to focus on the last ten years or so. History is not, and cannot be reduced to, a set of disconnected modules which can be assembled, disassembled and reassembled according to the whims of whoever comes along with enough cash to reward those who dance to the tune of the globalizers.
This mind-set that one must only lend to the rich is constantly reinforced, in case it might be forgotten, with the salvaging of banks and financial institutions which, instead of being sanctioned for the problems they have created, have been rewarded. On closer examination, however, this rewarding of the ones who should be sanctioned is the very nature of the system which has been put in place over the last five centuries. From slavery to colonial occupation to apartheid and to global apartheid, the story has not changed. Along the way, at each transition, it has been reinforced, with the richer finding ways of enriching themselves faster than ever before. First it was the millionaires, then it went to the billionaires. Soon we shall have statistics about billionaires
From a continent that has suffered some of the most dehumanizing processes inflicted by a tiny segment of humanity onto another, one would think there might be some sort of awakening of its own consciousness–an understanding that the healing of humanity will only happen if and when Africans, and particularly its current political leadership, wake up to the outrage they have committed and helped to reproduce against humanity.
Jacques Depelchin


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TORONTO – With starting goalkeeper Joe Bendik suspended for Toronto FC's match against the Chicago Fire on Saturday (8:30 pm ET, TSN2/RDS2 in Canada, MLS LIVE in US), the Reds' longest-serving player, Stefan Frei, will make his long-awaited return to league action.
As TFC's all-time leader in appearances with 98, Frei was anointed No. 1 'keeper when Ryan Nelsen took over the team ahead of this season. But an injury suffered during preseason opened the door for Bendik to assume the starting 'keeper position that he has occupied ever since.
With plenty of recent speculation surrounding Frei's future with Toronto FC – he's out of contract after this season – Saturday's match against the Fire might not only mark his return to MLS action, it could also represent his final appearance in a TFC kit.
Frei, however, was quick to play down that particular angle ahead of Saturday's match.
"Right now I am focused on what is at hand," Frei said. "We'll deal with the future once we get to that bridge."
Even though Frei has seen very little first-team action in 2013, TFC goalkeeping coach Stewart Kerr was quick to express his belief that Frei won't suffer any rust as Toronto look to end their season strong in a pair of matches against Chicago and Montreal.
"Stef has worked very diligently and very hard," Kerr said. "He has played a few Reserve [League] games as well as the Canadian Championship games and the Roma friendly. The thing with Stefan Frei is, he is such a consummate professional. Every day he comes and works like it is a gameday for him. So this is what he has been building up for and I have absolutely no concerns about him being ready.
"Unfortunately, it is part of a goalkeeper's life," Kerr continued. "Very rarely does a 'keeper go through a career and he doesn't have a bad time when he is out of the lineup due to a lack form, injury or somebody else coming in and doing well. It is just part of the game. The biggest thing is to be ready when the chance comes and that is what Stefan has done."
Steve Bottjer covers Toronto FC for MLSsoccer.com.


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Oakland Athletics vs. Los Angeles Angels - 4/13/16 MLB Pick, Odds, and Prediction
Los Angeles Angels (4-4) at Oakland Athletics (4-4)
MLB Baseball: Wednesday, April 13, 2016 at 3:35 pm (O.co Coliseum)
M Shoemaker (0-1) (18.00) vs. E Surkamp (0-0) (4.16)
The Line: Oakland Athletics -105 / Los Angeles Angels -105 --- Over/Under: 8 See the Latest Odds
Another impressive win for the Angels on Tuesday night against the Oakland A's at the Coliseum and on Wednesday the Angels will look to make it three in a row against their AL West rivals.
The Angels put together a late rally scoring four runs in the eight and ninth combined to get a win against an A's team who got a great start from Kendall Graveman but couldnt close out the game. Mike Trout after clubbing his first home run of the year on Monday went 0-4 with a strike out. Yuniel Escobar though went 3 for 5 scoring a run , Albert Pujols drove in two runs and Geovany Soto hit a two run homer in the ninth inning. Again the Angels offence was impressive and the bull pen was lights out giving up no hits in 1 1/3 inning. The Angels hand the ball to Matt Shoemaker tonight who had a rough Spring giving up 19 runs, with 9 HR's and really struggled in his opening game only lasting three innings against the Texas Rangers. Shoemaker was 7-10 with 24 starts last season and an ERA of 4.46, the Angels will be hoping that Shoemaker improves this season and gives the Angels a chance to win their fourth in a row and sweep the A's.
USA TODAY Sports
Again the Oakland A's lost at home. Incredibly the A's have played six home games this season and lost five. The Coliseum has not been a fortress for the A's in fact it has had the opposite effect. The A's are 4-5 with all five losses coming at home. Perhaps it's time for the club to start building a team that suits their home environs? Billy Burns the speedy center fielder went 2-3 with 2 runs scored and 2 stolen bases. Performances like that will see Burns pressure for an every day start, at the moment Burns is in a platoon with Coco Crisp and the A's are limiting Crisps time due to previous injuries. The A's though are struggling offensively and Burns could well be the spark they need. The A's will turn to Eric Surkamp who hasnt pitched in the Major's since 2013. Surkamp played 7 innings against San Francisco Giants in a Spring Training game on April 2, allowing only 2 hits,no runs and seven strikeouts. If Surkamp can repeat that effort he will give the A's a great chance to win.
Angels are 4-0 in last four in Oakland, OVer is 7-1-1 in Angels last 9 following a win, over is 4-1-1 in Shoemakers last six starts.
Athletics are 5-1 after allowing 5 or more in the game previosu, Under is 4-0-1 in Athletics last 5 after allowing 5 in previous game, Under is 6-0 in Athletics last 6 games vs a right handed starter.
I'm taking the Athletics here, the A's have a serious chance with Surkamp if he pitches well. The A's are tough to trust at home but Shoemaker has been very poor to date this season so getting the A's at this price looks a giveaway.


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With the official end of summer in the rearview mirror, because anywhere north of Florida, summer ends at Labor Day, it means the start of 9 months of cold, dreary, depressing, lifeless, meaningless, drudgery. Everybody dresses down in dark heavy clothing. The short days are spent cleaning up leaves, shoveling snow, or scraping ice. Not even the holidays can cheer anyone up. Where I am staying it won't be long before I will be staring at this again…
My depression, already at alarming heights will only deepen as the weather gets colder. I have little desire to do anything. I just sit in this ugly little apartment, sadden by what I have lost, and can only hope things will someday be more better. But it's just one long dreary day after another……Just Kidding….
I'm back home in Key West!
Capt. Fritter
6 Responses to "The Loooong Winter Ahead…"
Dream or Reality?
Funny how I can be so happy for someone and yet so jealous all at once, haha. Good for you. Can't wait to see the update of what's behind it!
don't tell me…
does it involve a rich mermaid???
congrats capt!


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The Civil War and the American conquest of the West were two of the most important events that changed the United States in the nineteenth century; however, they are often treated and taught separately in history texts and classrooms. This separate categorization is hardly surprising since, in terms of geography, the majority of the Civil War took place in the southern and border states, with little military engagement in the trans-Mississippi West that occupies the focus of most western history specialists. But is also odd, given the importance of the West to American politics and identity in the decades leading up to 1861. The expansion of slavery figured prominently in the power struggles for control over western territory in the first half of the nineteenth century; determining the free or slave status of incoming states and federal territorial possessions was central of the Missouri Compromise (1832) and the Compromise of 1850, the two biggest political bargains that diffused the nation's heated slavery debates in the antebellum period. Westerners also witnessed these political struggles produce outright violence, including the Bloody Kansas border war (1854 – 1861), before war turned national. Despite the close relationship between the West and the slavery politics that produced the Civil War, once historians reach the secession crisis, which began in the wake of Abraham Lincoln's 1860 election, the West disappears from the main historical narrative.
New Scholarship on the Civil War and the West
Historians have recently begun a renewed effort to explicitly articulate the ways in which we might think about the Civil War and the West together, building on an earlier literature that limited the Civil War in the Far West to histories of military conflict, particularly the New Mexico Campaign (1862) and the Battle of Glorieta Pass. Anthologies like the University of California Press's Civil War Wests demonstrate the sheer diversity of scholarship a Civil War West framework can produce and join together. These collections of essays also illuminate broader themes that can help us think about East and West together – how the Civil War period raised questions about the nature and form of citizenship, witnessed many kinds of violent conflict on and off formal battlefields, and set in motion military, economic, and political events that continued well after the war officially ended. Histories that explore these themes are helping to reorient the major narratives of not only the Civil War, but will also expand our conceptions of Reconstruction practices and policies, revealing the national scope and impact of the Civil War and its consequences, as well as the period's international significance.
Suggested Reading: Civil War West
- Ward M. McAfee, "California's House Divided," Civil War History33:2 (1987), pg. 115-130
- Adam Arenson and Andrew R. Graybill, eds., Civil War Wests: Testing the Limits of the United States (Oakland, University of California Press, 2015).
- Virginia Scharff, ed., Empire and Liberty: The Civil War and the West (Oakland, University of California Press, 2015).
* If you are near Autry National Center of the American West in Los Angeles, CA, check out their complimentary museum exhibition, Empire and Liberty, which explores "the causes and legacies of the American Civil War from the vantage point of Westward expansion," on view until January 3, 2016.
The Civil War West in the Classroom
Bringing the Civil War West into the classroom can be approached from a number of directions, to which the wide-ranging variety of recent scholarship attests. Prompting students think about the Civil War and western expansion together not only introduces them a current and growing subject of historical inquiry, but also helps them appreciate the truly national impact of the war. Adding the Far West into a Civil War narrative, however, should not merely take the form of extra-curricular add-ons; as historians have warned, "brief excursions into less traversed territory… do not really disrupted or reroute what have long been the main thoroughfares of study and writing." In keeping with the purpose and spirit of the new scholarship that combines the West and the Civil War, teachers will be best served by purposefully integrating western perspectives and sources into the larger narratives of the desired curriculum where possible.
Primary Sources:
- Letter from U.S. Army Brigadier-General E. V. Sumner to Hon. Simon Cameron (Sept. 27, 1861), The War of the Rebellion: Official Records Series I, Vol L, Part 1, pp. 635-641
- "1861, Mar. 16. Arizona Ordinance of Secession" in Ordinances of Secession and Other Documents, 1860 – 861, ed. Albert Bushnell Hard and Edward Channing (Ebook: American History Leaflet: Colonial and Constitutional – No. 12, 2011)
- Proposed map of division of the Arizona and New Mexico Territories by the Confederacy during the Civil War, Arizona Historical Society.
- Asbury Harpending, The great diamond hoax and other stirring incidents in the life of Asbury Harpending (1913)
Dreams of Empire
Among the ways western Civil War sources expand our views of the conflict, they offer important insights into the Confederate perspective and worldview, revealing the scope and nature of the Confederacy's dreams for its future beyond the defeat of Union forces. With origins in various efforts to expand their proslavery order throughout the Atlantic in the 1850s, Confederates envisioned and attempted to create a transcontinental empire throughout the Southwest throughout the war.
Suggested Reading: Proslavery Expansionism
- Matthew Karp, "The World Slaveholders Craved: Proslavery Internationalism in the 1850s" in The World of the Revolutionary American Republic: Land Labor and the Conflict for a Continent, ed. Andrew Shankman (New York: Routledge, 2014), 414 – 432.
- Walter Johnson, River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom (Boston, Belknap Press, 2013). Chapters 11 – 13 in particular form the book's study of proslavery imperialism.
- Leonard L. Richards, The California Gold Rush and the Coming of the Civil War (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2007). Chapter 8 and the Epilogue are particularly relevant.
- Kevin Waite, "California's Forgotten Proslavery Past," History News Network, July 6, 2014.
- David Blight, "A Southern World View: The Old South and Proslavery Ideology" Lecture, YaleCourses – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRfByLRO5xs
In a letter to Secretary of War and former Senator from Pennsylvania, Simon Cameron, Brigadier-General Edwin Sumner described the Confederacy's plans for the Far West in 1861:
The machinations of secession forces who are now straining every nerve, using every device, pulling every cord with might and main to circumvent the supports of our glorious Union, and incorporating the States of Nuevo Leon, Coahuila, Chihuahua, Durango, and Sonora, Mexico into the Government of the Confederate States of the South. For this purpose Jeff. Davis, the rebel chief, has dispatched secret agents to the governors of the States above enumerated to induce them to secede… and joining the standard of the seceshers.
–Edwin Sumner
General Sumner believed more loyal and competent men should replace the governors of New Mexico Territory and Arizona, territory "the restless eye of Jeff. Davis [was] particularly bent on," as they were doing little to stymie Confederate schemes for "the demolition of a free Republic and the erection in its stead of a military slavery, extending empire." Sumner's letter not only describes the importance of the Far West for Union military planning, but also the Confederacy's fight for Arizona territory in terms of its international vision of a proslavery republic.
Regional Loyalties
Arizona Territory was not just the passive subject of Confederate imperialists' designs. In March 1861, residents passed an ordinance of secession by convention after federal forces withdrew from the territory. Although only a Confederate possession for a brief period of time (ending July 1862), the Ordinance reveals the pressing concerns of the people of Arizona Territory: the need for protection from Indian raids and attacks, continued mail service, and the ties of southern identity. Interestingly, the document makes no explicit mention of slavery. Have students compare the Arizona Territory's Ordinance of Secession with another state's declaration of secession (South Carolina's Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify Secession is a prime example). What are the concerns articulated in each document? Where do they overlap or diverge? What does each document tell us about the pressing realities of life in each place?
Confederate Plans for California
California also experienced the push-and-pull of proslavery and free labor forces in the mid-nineteenth century. The California Gold Rush brought the free or slave labor question to the fore. While miners wanted to prevent the competition slave labor posed, southerners had different ideas; Jefferson Davis argued African slaves were "better adapted… to working in the mines of California… than the European races." Even after California joined the Union as a free state in 1850, proslavery advocates did not give up their plans to join California with the South. In 1861, once the Civil War began, a number of secessionist plots arose, including the effort to found a "Pacific Republic" with Oregon, allied with the Confederacy.
Asbury Harpending's lively biography, The Great Diamond Hoax and Other Stirring Episodes in the Life of Asbury Harpending, provides a first-hand account of southern sympathizers conspiratorial efforts to create the Pacific Republic, as well as Harpending's brief stint as a Confederate privateer in the San Francisco Bay, attempting to raid Union cargo ships. A Kentuckian by birth, Harpending ran away as a teen to join William Walker's proslavery filibustering mission to Nicaragua in 1854. Caught by federal authorities before leaving the United States, Harpending traveled to California instead. Involved in a number of confederate conspiracies designed to join California with the secessionist South, as well as a part-time pirate, Harpending himself declared, "It would have been hard to find a more reckless secessionist." Harpending's narrative, an entertaining read on its own, helps students connect the expansionist proslavery projects of the 1850s with secessionist efforts in the West, while the variety of conspiracies Harpending participated in attest to the importance of California to secessionist visionaries.
The Impact of a Western Approach to the Civil War
Approaching the Civil War from the West offers fresh and relevant ways to think about the most important event in nineteenth century America. Teachers can build in western history to their Civil War units on a number of thematic orientations: slavery expansionism, southern imperialism, American continental empire, the role of regionalism, and the meaning of citizenship in the nineteenth century. But we need not bring the two estimable subjects into the classroom simply as a side-note. As historians seek to reorient the traditional Civil War narrative, teachers at all levels can play their part by integrating western sources into their Civil War curriculum and to help their students think about the conflict's international reach and national impact.
Extra Activity: The Civil War and the Far West on the International Stage
In 1863, William McKendree Gwin, a doctor and one of California's first senators, as well as a proslavery advocate, travelled to France to gain Napoleon III's support for a settlement project in Sonora, Mexico designed to attract pro-Confederacy Californians and launch a Mexican gold rush. In 1865, General Ulysses S. Grant and Major-General Irvine McDowell, commander of the Department of the Pacific, wrote one another discussing the threat Gwin posed to the preservation of the United States. Using the linked primary sources below, students can review Grant and McDowell's correspondence and assessment of the situation. Paired with Kevin Waite's article on Gwin's Sonora settlement scheme, students can see how historians mobilize primary sources to craft historical narratives, gaining an understanding of another chapter of the history of the Civil War in the West, as well as the craft of historical writing.
- Letter from U.S. Grant, Lieutenant-General to Major General I. McDowell (January 8, 1865), The War of the Rebellion: Official Records Series I, Vol L, Part 2, pp. 1118
- Reply, letter from Irvine McDowell, Major-General to Lient. Gen. U.S. Grant (March 12, 865) The War of the Rebellion: Official Records Series I, Vol L, Part 2, pp. 1158 – 1160
- Kevin Waite, "A California Rebel in Napoleon's Court," We're History, January 12, 2015


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