text:
ICD-10 Diagnosis Code Z88.7
Allergy status to serum and vaccine status
Diagnosis Code Z88.7
Short Description: Allergy status to serum and vaccine status
Long Description: Allergy status to serum and vaccine status
This is the 2018 version of the ICD-10-CM diagnosis code Z88.7
Valid for Submission
The code Z88.7 is valid for submission for HIPAA-covered transactions.
Code Classification
Factors influencing health status and contact with health services (Z00–Z99)
Persons with potential health hazards related to family and personal history and certain conditions influencing health status (Z77-Z99)
- Allergy status to drug/meds/biol subst (Z88)
- Persons with potential health hazards related to family and personal history and certain conditions influencing health status (Z77-Z99)
Information for Medical Professionals
Code Edits
The following edits are applicable to this code:
Unacceptable principal diagnosis Unacceptable principal diagnosis
There are selected codes that describe a circumstance which influences an individual's health status but not a current illness or injury, or codes that are not specific manifestations but may be due to an underlying cause. These codes are considered unacceptable as a principal diagnosis.
Convert to ICD-9 General Equivalence Map
The ICD-10 and ICD-9 GEMs are used to facilitate linking between the diagnosis codes in ICD-9-CM and the new ICD-10-CM code set. The GEMs are the raw material from which providers, health information vendors and payers can derive specific applied mappings to meet their needs.
- V14.7 - Hx-vaccine allergy
Present on Admission (POA) Present on Admission
The Present on Admission (POA) indicator is used for diagnosis codes included in claims involving inpatient admissions to general acute care hospitals. POA indicators must be reported to CMS on each claim to facilitate the grouping of diagnoses codes into the proper Diagnostic Related Groups (DRG). CMS publishes a listing of specific diagnosis codes that are exempt from the POA reporting requirement.
The code Z88.7 is exempt from POA reporting.
- Allergen extract vaccine allergy
- Anthrax vaccine allergy
- Anti-D
- Antisera allergy
- Botulism antitoxin allergy
- Complication of smallpox vaccination
- Diphtheria and tetanus and pertussis vaccine allergy
- Diphtheria and tetanus vaccine allergy
- Diphtheria single antigen vaccine allergy
- Diphtheria vaccines allergy
- Haemophilus influenzae Type B vaccine allergy
- Hepatitis A vaccine allergy
- Hepatitis B immunoglobulin allergy
- Hepatitis B vaccine allergy
- Human immunoglobulin allergy
- Immunoglobulin products allergy
- Immunoglobulin products allergy
- Immunoglobulin products allergy
- Immunoglobulin products allergy
- Immunoglobulin products allergy
- Immunoglobulin products allergy
- Influenza split virion vaccine allergy
- Influenza surface antigen vaccine allergy
- Influenza vaccine allergy
- Intramuscular immunoglobulin allergy
- Intravenous immunoglobulin allergy
- Lactobacill acidophil vaccine allergy
- Measles/mumps/rubella vaccine allergy
- Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine allergy
- Mumps vaccine allergy
- Pertussis vaccine allergy
- Pneumococcal vaccine allergy
- Poliomyelitis vaccine allergy
- Rabies vaccine allergy
- Rotavirus vaccine allergy
- Rubella vaccine allergy
- Serum allergy
- Smallpox vaccine allergy
- Tetanus immunoglobulin allergy
- Tetanus vaccine allergy
- Typhoid polysaccharide vaccine allergy
- Typhoid vaccine allergy
- Typhoid whole cell vaccine allergy
- Vaccine, immunoglobulins and antisera allergy
- Vaccines allergy
- Varicella-zoster immunoglobulin allergy
Information for Patients
Drug Reactions
Also called: Side effects
Most of the time, medicines make our lives better. They reduce aches and pains, fight infections, and control problems such as high blood pressure or diabetes. But medicines can also cause unwanted reactions.
One problem is interactions, which may occur between
- Two drugs, such as aspirin and blood thinners
- Drugs and food, such as statins and grapefruit
- Drugs and supplements, such as ginkgo and blood thinners
- Drugs and diseases, such as aspirin and peptic ulcers
Interactions can change the actions of one or both drugs. The drugs might not work, or you could get side effects.
Side effects are unwanted effects caused by the drugs. Most are mild, such as a stomach aches or drowsiness, and go away after you stop taking the drug. Others can be more serious.
Drug allergies are another type of reaction. They can be mild or life-threatening. Skin reactions, such as hives and rashes, are the most common type. Anaphylaxis, a serious allergic reaction, is more rare.
When you start a new prescription or over-the-counter medication, make sure you understand how to take it correctly. Know which other medications and foods you need to avoid. Ask your health care provider or pharmacist if you have questions.
- Angioedema (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Drug allergies (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Drug-induced diarrhea (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Drug-induced tremor (Medical Encyclopedia)
- Taking multiple medicines safely (Medical Encyclopedia)
[Read More]
Also called: Vaccination
Shots may hurt a little, but the diseases they can prevent are a lot worse. Some are even life-threatening. Immunization shots, or vaccinations, are essential. They protect against things like measles, mumps, rubella, hepatitis B, polio, tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). Immunizations are important for adults as well as children.
Your immune system helps your body fight germs by producing substances to combat them. Once it does, the immune system "remembers" the germ and can fight it again. Vaccines contain germs that have been killed or weakened. When given to a healthy person, the vaccine triggers the immune system to respond and thus build immunity.
Before vaccines, people became immune only by actually getting a disease and surviving it. Immunizations are an easier and less risky way to become immune.
NIH: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
- Immunizations - diabetes (Medical Encyclopedia)
[Read More]


text:
> Make sure Mommy has everything she needs for the hospital - hairbrush, perfume, hat & more!
> Care for Mommy on the car ride - give her tasty snacks like smoothies, sandwiches and candy!
> Stop at the nurse to make sure everything's fine - Use an ultrasound and help the nurse run tests on the baby!
> Almost ready! Listen to Mommy's belly with a stethoscope and check her blood pressure!
> Win awesome prizes on the exciting journey to the hospital to meet your newborn baby sister!
> Take care of a pregnant mommy and her new born kids.
About Candyoyo:
Candyoyo are a team dedicated to making and publishing games for young children. While we take pride in creating games that are fun to play, it is also our honour to deliver sweet happiness to families from different cultures all over the world.
We believe that a joyful gaming experience benefits kids in pursuing their unlimited creativity, and that games with an optimistic message truly prepare children for gaining social and community awareness along with a sense of responsibility in family life. Therefore, we aim to design games that allow adults and children to play together as friends, and as a loving family. It is our commitment to deliver games that can be enjoyed and valued by both you and your family. We are a perfect team like Tabtale who has developed many interesting games.
We don't only produce games. We create memorable moments for you and your children to remember. Because true happiness can only be found in a happy, loving family. Candyoyo, the sweet worth sharing.
You can find us:
official website: http://www.candyoyo.com/
Google+: https://plus.google.com/+Candyoyo
Like us on our Facebook family: https://www.facebook.com/kidscandyoyo
If you have any doubt or you need some tech support,please tell us. We will be there for you 24 hours everyday day. E-mail: [email protected]
Privacy Policy
As a game designer for kids, we know that is very important to protect individual privacy in the digital time. You can get our privacy policy from: http://candyoyo.com/privacy.php
It was so short and boring that I hated it do not install this app!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Electric Man Trailer (2012)
01 January 2012 Drama, Action, Comedy 98 mins
Jazz and Wolf need money to save their comic shop. When the rare and valuable first issue of Electric Man shows up, they think all their problems are solved. But things are never that simple. They are not the only ones who want to get their hands on it.
Watch the official Electric Man 2012 trailer in HD below or find more Electric Man videos on Vidimovie.


text:
Campsite Au Vallon Rouge
- Description
- Activities and services
- Access
- Customer reviews
- Tourism
Selected by
our expert
Camping and co is committed to the quality of its campsites. We retain 1 out of 5 campsites to guarantee the best possible experience during your holidays.
The expert likes :
- Calm and leafy surroundings
- Direct access to the river


text: I'm stumped. I used my Stihl FS55 trimmer 2 days ago. It ran fine. I've never had a problem out of it. I get to an account today and it won't do anything. It has fire; it has gas. But it acts like the switch is off. It won't attempt to do anything. I work on it for an hour, then put it away and use another trimmer to do this account. When I'm finished, I grab my Stihl BG55 blower. It starts and runs like normal. I blow off the front (maybe running 5 minutes). I turn it off, put it in my truck, and drive around to the back of the property. I pick it up, and nothing. It has fire; it has gas. But it acts like the switch is off. It won't attempt to do anything either. In the morning I'm going to dump all the gas out of the can and machines. I will go get fresh gas and oil. And I will try again. I don't know what else to do. The gas is not old. I just bought it about a week ago. But I just don't know. Any suggestions???


text:
Michael Brissenden presents AM Monday to Friday from 8:00am on ABC Local Radio and 7:10am on Radio National. Join Elizabeth Jackson for the Saturday edition at 8am on Local Radio and 7am on Radio National.
AM 40th Anniversary - a look back at the history of the ABC's agenda-setting morning radio program.
Wednesday 26 July 2006
AM is Australia's most informative morning current affairs. It covers the stories each morning that the other current affairs teams follow for the rest of the day. Below is the program summary with links to transcripts and audio (if available).
A day of diplomacy in the Middle East has done little to change the situation on the ground. People are dying on both sides, and in the middle. The latest: four United Nations observers killed when their position in southern Lebanon came from an air attack. The UN Interim Force in Lebanon, or UNIFIL confirmed the attack.
For the residents of southern Lebanon life is getting increasingly tough. There's the constant fear from Israeli shelling and then the problem of getting food and water. Aid has begun to arrive to ease the plight of almost one million refugees and needy people. But humanitarian organisations are finding it difficult to go what they call "the final mile" - which is actually getting food and medicine into the hands of people who desperately need it.
Israel, which has taken another town in southern Lebanon, says it's in the process of building a new security or buffer zone. It says it will occupy the area around southern Lebanon until an international force can move in to run it.
After winding up her visit to the Middle East the US Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice is now in Rome where she's discussing the proposal for an international stabilisation force. Questions remain about resources, and where they will come from.
The crisis in Lebanon has shown up sharp differences of opinion between US President George W. Bush and Iraq's new Prime Minister. Mr Bush and Nouri al-Maliki met for almost two hours at the White House today.
The former Midnight Oil frontman and Labor MP, Peter Garrett, has weighed into the uranium debate, saying he'll be pressing the party's leader Kim Beazley not to change the ALP's current policy on uranium mining. Mr Garrett says Australia has gone as far down the nuclear path as it should, and until the ALP's next national conference he'll be trying to convince his colleagues that the current ban on new mines should remain. But Mr Garrett says he won't desert Labor if it does change its policy, even though some of his supporters might think he's selling out.
The Federal Attorney General Philip Ruddock wants broader powers to ban books which he says urge or provide instruction or praise for acts of terrorism. Mr Ruddock is concerned present classification laws are inadequate. He wants support from state attorneys general when they meet tomorrow, but it may not be forthcoming.
One of the websites advertising Toowoomba says it's set in a region of romance, flowers, wineries, and stately homes. And after this weekend it could add another description which will be an Australian first. Residents are about to vote on whether to allow purified sewage to be pumped into their dams, and then into their drinking water. As pre-polling gets underway, everyone agrees the issue has divided the town.
A group that's ploughed $90-million into fighting alcohol abuse over the past five years says governments have lost focus on dealing with the problem. The Alcohol Education and Rehabilitation Foundation says it's an uphill battle trying to lower the rate of alcohol related deaths in Australia, especially in the Northern Territory.


text:
Girl, 9, snatched by stranger and dragged into Norwich woods
A LITTLE girl pulled from a park and dragged into a wooded area by an unknown man.
The child, 9, was playing in Pointers Field, near George Pope Road, in Norwich, at 4.30pm.
She was dragged into a wooded area by the stranger.
But the 9-year-old managed to break free from the man's hold.
She was not hurt in the incident.
"We are in the early stages of our investigation"Inspector Nik Hewitt
The suspect is being described as white, aged between 25 and 35, and of medium build.
He was between 5ft 10 and 6ft with facial hair and was scruffy in appearance.
Now cops are appealing for witnesses as they are hunting the man.
Inspector Nik Hewitt said: "We are in the early stages of our investigation.
"While I understand the details of the incident will cause concern among the community, I would like to stress the motive of this attack remains unclear.
"Incidents of this nature are rare in Norfolk."
The investigation is ongoing.


text:
Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Original Pictures Forum' started by Eddie B, May 26, 2005.
just a little fun... on a back trail
train bridge is up
a little climbing... Notice the dent. I fell sideways into a tree and dented the side on that first trail
another trail....
hill climbing... hill is bigger than it looks!
hoppin some more trails. It was hard to take pics and do all this at the same time.
check out the scenery!
most trails were wet gravel... got a little mud on the truck tho
more scenery. I tell ya, I miss my '79 chevy. I wish that pond never swallowed it.
That looks cool. I'd love to take my 3wheeler out to a place like that.


text:
Zimbabwe: maverick Anglican bishop banned from overseas travel
Church groups in Zimbabwe are welcoming a travel ban imposed on Harare's Anglican Bishop, Nolbert Kunonga, for his support for Robert Mugabe's land-grabbing policies. While most churches have protested at the human rights abuses of the current regime, Kunonga has always been wholeheartedly behind the government. Before the election he gave several sermons expressing his support for President Mugabe's party. In recent weeks Kunonga has not been preaching on the scriptures, but has been urging people to grab land. The Former Vicar-General, Rev. Tim Neill said he applauded the decision made by the US. He said: "It is unlawful to become associated with a party that kills innocent people." Godfrey Kakono, a parishioner, said that the violence the bishop is preaching is also affecting his church. Fr Kenneth Makamure of the Zimbabwe Catholic Bishops' Conference said that the Bishop's comments were not what one would expect from a man of the cloth. The United States and the European Union recently slapped a travel ban on President Mugabe, his cabinet ministers, service chiefs and their immediate family members. The list which is still being compiled also includes ZANU-PF sympathizers like Kunonga. source: Catholic Information Service Africa


text:
Fielding Questions: Powdery mildew is unsightly, but won't kill peonies
Q. My peonies have a white residue on the leaves and seed heads. I sprayed a fungicide on July 26. We sprinkle with city water.
– Christine Marshall, Valley City, N.D.
A. The white coating is powdery mildew, which is a fungus commonly attacking peonies, lilacs and other shrubs and perennial flowers. It develops more severely in humid weather, or where overhead sprinkling keeps the foliage wet.
The good news is that it won't kill your peonies. But it does look unsightly, especially as it progressively causes the foliage to dry up.
Fungicides containing chlorothalonil (indicated on the label in fine print for the active ingredient) are useful, but must be applied to healthy green foliage as a protection and preventative before the mildew appears or at the earliest signs. Fungicide sprays would need to be applied in June most years.
Watering from the base instead of overhead sprinkling helps prevent powdery mildew's spread. Water in the morning so foliage dries more quickly, and avoid evening sprinkling.
Once the mildew has progressed, it isn't possible to get affected leaves to return to normal appearance. Foliage should be cut back to ground level in September after a hard freeze. Completely remove and discard tops because the fungus overwinters on infected plant parts in and around soil.
Q. We replaced a white birch this summer, and it lost all of its leaves right away. Now it has started to bud, but the buds are turning into something other than actual leaves.
We love trees, but it sure seem to be having our share of issues.
– Judy Henderson, West Fargo
A. You're not alone in your tree difficulties. We've had several springs that have been overly cool and wet followed by periods of heat with mid-summer dry spells. These extremes are especially difficult in areas of heavy clay soil. Going from too wet to too dry bakes the soil to brick, and tree roots suffer.
Your newly replaced white-barked birch seems to have suffered severe transplant shock. Such shock can be caused by root disturbance. Or if the weather happens to turn hot, limited roots can't pump enough water upward to sustain leaves even though the soil may be moist.
Now your birch is budding with green "catkins" instead of leaves. These inch-long "pods" are flowers. Often when young trees are under deep stress they give an abnormal attempt to reproduce, an instinct to provide a future generation. The tree probably senses that its life is threatened.
Test for life in the twigs by scratching the outer bark with your thumbnail. A fresh green layer indicates life and hope. If the layer has turned brown, that portion is dead.
Wait-and-see is often the only choice, with replacement as needed. No fertilizers or other products would help.
Q. My son bought a house in north Fargo with raspberry plants on the southwest corner. This small planting has produced enormous fruits larger in size and quantity than my whole 8-by-20-foot patch.
Is this a variety issue or is it sunshine and soil fertility?
– James Morken, West Fargo
A. Small backyard raspberry plantings are often very productive because they are kept narrow due to space restraints. An ideal raspberry row is only 18 inches wide. The reduced competition between canes allows plants to bear heavily. Your son's planting may be the ideal width along with good location.
Because raspberries "sucker" so freely, a patch can easily become very wide, causing plants to compete for fertilizer and water. Reducing each row to the recommended width helps production.
Recommended varieties include Boyne, Latham, Nova, Killarney, Redwing and Heritage.
If you have a gardening or lawn care question, email Don Kinzler at email@example.com. Questions with broad appeal may be published, so please include your name, city, and state for appropriate advice.


text:
Located less than 2kms to the centre of town, an easy walk to the shops, here's a 3/4 bedroom home with plenty to offer.
- Polished timber floorboards throughout living and traffic areas
- Lounge and dining room with RC/AC in both
- Classic black & timber kitchen
- Bathroom with separate bath and separate toilet
- Main bedroom with RC/AC and mirrored robes
- 2nd & 3rd bedroom with mirrored robes
- 4th bedroom converted to additional living space, but could be converted back to a bedroom
- Practical rear timber deck
- Colour bond double garage AND single carport with attached workshop
- Fully fenced, both front and back and side access to secure rear yard
All on a 677m2 block.
Estimated rental return $330-350 per week


text:
5 arrested from suspicious boat 12 km off coast
After receiving the tip-off, the Coast Guard dispatched an interceptor ship and as they neared the vessel, about 12 km from the city's coast, they spotted a crewmember flinging the satellite phone into the water.
This suspicious act compelled the security personnel to apprehend the men. Those arrested have been identified as Ahmad Adams Pleza (45), Iqbal Hasan Omi (41), Yakub Abu Bakar (43), Abdul Razaq Usman (32), all residents of Bhuj, while the fifth person Yanus Usam Bolium (30) is a Kutch resident.


text:
- Stunning Granite Countertops in West Haven, CT
- Specialized West Haven Granite Countertop Pros
- Free Estimates on Granite Countertops in West Haven
Granite Countertops in West Haven, CT
The granite countertops West Haven, CT has to offer come with a number of benefits, first and foremost being that they possess a unique beauty and durability that no other countertops can match. These countertops are known for lasting a very long time, so you can count on them to provide you with everything you need over the years. If you are going to be remodeling your kitchen or bathroom in the year ahead, it is highly recommended that you take a close look at these countertops before making a final decision.
Avg Costs for Granite Countertops
Min Cost
Max Cost
Avg Cost
$2,773.09 - $4,002.82
Find the Best Quality Granite Countertops - West Haven, CT
There are many reasons why West Haven granite countertops are perfect for kitchens, including the fact that they are resistant to scratching, scuffs, stains, heat, and more. If you do a lot of food preparation work in your kitchen, it is highly recommended that you look into this option before choosing what you want to have installed in this area of your home. Granite countertops are widely regarded as being one of the better choices because of their long lasting durability and breathtaking aesthetics. If you want to make your kitchen look a bit more elegant and charming, you will find that these countertops are an excellent choice that you will never regret making.
Granite Countertops Companies
New England Stone Technology
690 Main St.
East Haven, CT 06512
Damascus Stone
1650 Dixwell Ave
Hamden, CT 06514
Admiral Granite & Marble LLC
1015 Bridgeport Ave
Milford, CT 06460
Maselli Marble & Granite
41 Bismark Ct
Hamden, CT 06514
New England Stone Technology
690 Main St.
East Haven, CT 06512
Patrick Granite & Marble
273 Indian River Rd
Orange, CT 06477


text:
Walter Reed National Military Medical Center: A Healthcare Icon
In 1900, Major Walter Reed and his medical colleagues in Cuba made a groundbreaking discovery – the deadly yellow fever virus was caused by bacteria transmitted from mosquito bites, not infected water or contaminated clothes. Major Reed's discovery earned him a permanent place in history as the namesake of Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, one of the most important U.S. military hospitals in the world.
Walter Reed: The President's Hospital
Walter Reed dates back to 1909, when it was founded as Walter Reed General Hospital. Doctors at the hospital have treated military members from every major conflict since World War I and U.S. presidents including Ronald Reagan and Franklin D. Roosevelt. In 2011, the hospital was merged with the National Naval Medical Center to create the present-day medical center, which covers 243 acres, has 274 patient beds, and employs over 6,800 staff.
Even if you aren't visiting a friend or family member who is a patient at Walter Reed, the medical center is an excellent resource for healthcare and healthy living. Its website contains information and news about military medicine and healthcare, and the center hosts guest speakers and an annual holiday card drive for American troops.
Looking at Hotels Near Walter Reed Medical Center?
If you're visiting the D.C. area soon and are comparing hotels near Walter Reed, the American Inn of Bethesda is the ideal choice. The hotel is only 0.7 miles from the medical center and 4 miles from the District itself. And with great amenities like free Wi-Fi, a 24-hour fitness center and complimentary breakfast, you're sure to have a comfortable stay within a stone's throw of one of the nation's most important medical facilities.


text:
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
50 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Guests looking for accommodation in Istanbul are welcome to book 80 nicely furnished rooms at Hali Istanbul. Since the hotel has an own restaurant, you may also try fine local meals on the spot. For guests arriving by car parking possibility is available nearby. You may take a car rental service or an organized city tour to check the most important tourist attractions. The fans of actively spent leisure time may take the boat rental opportunities nearby. The bar can be an ideal place for a pleasant evening talk or a meeting. At the hotel you may go online via wireless Internet connection (WiFi). The exact list of services available at Hali Istanbul (including those for an extra fee) and the exact list of equipment in a room can be found on the information sheet below.
Payment Credit card guarantee or advance bank card payment may be necessary for finalizing your reservation, depending on the exact room, date and price.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest check-in time to your room is 08:00, the latest check-out time from your room is 12:00. The personnel of the hotel can speak in Turkish and English with you.
Hali Istanbul rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Parking (7 €/night)
Free WiFi in shared places
Organized sightseeing nearby, Car rental nearby, Boat rental nearby
Garden, Bar, Elevator
Own restaurant
Hairdryer, Desk in the room


text:
Deyor Blue Star Opposite Sindhi Camp
Call us 1800-300-2400-1 (Toll Free) and Get additional Discount upto 50% for this Hotel.
You are getting lowest possible rate for this hotel
- About Hotel
- Reviews
Room Description
Room Amenities
- Attached Bathroom
- Desk
- H/C running water
- Television-Room
- Telephone-Room
- Internet access-complimentary
- Complimentary toiletries
- Air conditioning-Room
Room Inclusions
- Breakfast
- Air conditioning
- Cable/satellite television channels,
- Coffee/tea
- maker
- Daily housekeeping
- Direct-dial phone
- Hair dryer
- Iron/ironing board
- LCD television
- Minibar,Shower/tub combination
- Wireless Internet access
About Deyor Blue Star Opposite Sindhi Camp
Deyor Blue Star Opposite Sindhi Camp offers free breakfast service and Wi-Fi connectivity to its guests. This property in Jaipur is located at a distance of 0.5 km from Sindhi Camp Bus Station. This property houses a total of 13 air-conditioned rooms. In-room amenities available include television, telephone, work desk, toiletries and an attached bathroom with hot and cold water facility. ?
No of floors: 0 | No of rooms: 13
Checkin Time: 1200 pm
Checkout Time: 1200 pm
Hotel Amenities
- Luggage Storage
- 24-Hour Front Desk
- Breakfast Services
- Room Service
- H/C Running Water
- Air Conditioning-Room
- Attached Bathroom
- Television-Room
- Telephone-Room
- Internet Access-complimentary
- Complimentary Toiletries
- Desk


text:
Markham Airport Services
Markham Airport Services provided by Limo 111 is one of the authorized Markham Airport Limo service which is known for its Classy and Quality service in Airport Limo companies. We provide door to door Markham Limo, Markham Airport shuttle, Markham sedan service and Airport Limo Markham service.
We are offering professional Airport Limo Markham service from since 1999 at fixed limo rates. Markham limousine services are available for any kind of Markham transportation to and from Markham airport to Markham city center and out of Markham downtown. Out of Markham city center, we also provide Markham Airport Transportation services like following:
- Markham to Toronto
- Markham to Toronto Pearson Airport
- Markham to Burlington
- Markham to Brampton
- Markham to Downtown Toronto
- Markham to Hamilton
Our special services are also available for special events like for parties, weddings, conventions or night outs etc. our special Limousine services include following:
- Markham Wedding Transportation
- Markham Grad
- Markham Prom Limo
- Markham Graduation
- Markham Convention
- Markham City Hall Wedding
Limo 111 offers Airport Limo Markham in the finest luxury limos like sedan limo, hummer stretch limo, Lincoln Stretch Limo, Ford Excursion Limo, Cadillac Escalade, SUV limo at reasonable prices. Online limo reservation option is available which is easy to use and book your limo before your special occasion like wedding or parties etc. you can also get quick limo quotes using the same system.
We are providing reliable and quality Markham Limo services by providing safe drive and hassle free environment for all your personal and business transportation needs. In case of any query regarding Markham car service or Markham limousine service just call us at 647-620-1757 .


text:
Browse by Category
Ecology, Wildlife (37)
Speaker Search Results
Search results in category Ecology, Wildlife
Jessi Bloom
in Ecology, Wildlife, Garden Design, Organic, Sustainable, Vegetables, Fruit, Herbs, Water-Wise Gardening
Jessi Bloom, an award-winning garden designer, Certified Arborist and Certified Prof. Horticulturalist speaks regularly on a variety of topics for groups, large or small. Her informative talks always include valuable handouts and colorful visuals
w: NW Bloom EcoLogical Landscapes
Karen Bussolini
in Ecology, Wildlife, Native Plants, Organic, Sustainable, Photography, Art, Trees, Shrubs
I aim to always be accessible and informative – and to share new ways to think rather than just a bunch of facts or list of plants. Images are beautiful, inspiring and plentiful, talks have environmental, aesthetic and hands-on practical advice.
w: Karen Bussolini Garden Arts
Susan Betz is an author, teacher, lecturer, conservationist specializing in herbs and native plants. Susan presents a lively hands-on teaching approach to the joy of growing and using herbs for pleasure and purpose in home landscapes and gardens.
The story of a three-generation 'secret garden' atop San Francisco's famed Russian Hill.
How I returned to grow a fragrant garden where ivy had ruled for thirty years, an endeavour which brought Rosmary Verey and Frank Cabot to visit.
w: http://www.beatricebowles.com
I'm an avid gardener, citizen scientist, author, and speaker, who is passionate about monarch butterflies, as well as photographing nature.
w: http://www.ourlittleacre.com
w: http://www.facebook.com/kyleebaumle
C. Colston Burrell
in Botanical Travel, History, Ecology, Wildlife, Garden Design, Native Plants, Organic, Sustainable, Photography, Art
C. Colston Burrell is an acclaimed international lecturer, garden designer, award winning author, naturalist and photographer. He has shared his encyclopedic knowledge of plants and his respect for regional landscapes with audiences for 35 years.
w: Timber Press
w: http://www.timberpress.com/books/hellebores/burrell/97808819
Julie Borneman
in Container, Balcony, Rooftop, Ecology, Wildlife, Native Plants, Pests, Diseases, Organic, Sustainable
Julie is a dynamic and fun Garden presentations. Specializing in native plants.
w: Facebook
w: Linked-In


text:
Are new job vacancies supposed to be advertised internally?(4 Posts)
flowery Tue 13-Nov-12 10:25:17
SomebodySaveMe Tue 13-Nov-12 10:21:32
flowery Tue 13-Nov-12 10:06:01
SomebodySaveMe Tue 13-Nov-12 10:03:07
Join the discussion
Registering is free, easy, and means you can join in the discussion, get discounts, win prizes and lots more.Register now
Already registered with Mumsnet? Log in to leave your comment or alternatively, sign in with Facebook or Google.
Please login first.


text:
Keep your personal finances in good shape with our straightforward Current Account. It covers all your everyday banking needs, and there's no monthly fee to pay. Excellent customer service comes as standard.
Just pop into the store – no appointment needed. We'll even print your bank card and cheque book there and then.
Going abroad? We won't charge you for using your cards or getting cash out in European countries.*
We can switch your salary, Direct Debits and standing orders in 7 days. Guaranteed.
We're up front with our customers about everything. We've created this handy summary of our Current Account key features so you can see the important information from the get-go.
|Minimum balance
|Monthly fees
|Overdraft interest
You can apply for our Current Account if:
We offer overdrafts on request and we'll make a decision depending on your personal circumstances.
Arranged and unarranged overdrafts have a typical interest rate of 15% EAR (variable).
'EAR' stands for Effective Annual Rate. It shows what you would pay if interest were charged and added to the amount you owe once every year, instead of monthly. It doesn't include fees for unauthorised overdrafts.
'Variable' means we may change these rates and charges from time to time, or introduce new charges. If this means you'll pay more, we'll let you know beforehand. Interest is calculated daily and charged monthly. Your monthly statement will show how much interest you'll pay and when. Charges for unarranged overdrafts or for going over your agreed overdraft will be shown separately.
We won't charge you for international debit card transactions made in most European countries. And we offer outstanding value rates in the rest of the world.
|Card Purchase
|Cash Withdrawal
|In Europe*
|Outside Europe*
|2.75% + £1.50
*Where can I use my card for free in Europe?
If you use your card abroad, any foreign currency transaction will be converted into sterling on the day it's paid out of your account. The exchange rate is set by MasterCard®.
MasterCard® is a registered trademark of MasterCard International Incorporated.
If we receive a request for a payment but you don't have the funds in your account to cover it, we will either:
We'll charge a flat fee of £10 for each payment made and for each payment refused.
In any given month we'll never charge you more than the monthly cap of £60 for charges relating to an unarranged overdraft.
If deducting interest causes you to go overdrawn or increases your overdraft, we'll charge interest on the new balance, but we won't charge the £10 fee for payments made.
(a) going overdrawn when you have not arranged an overdraft; or
(b) going over/past your arranged overdraft limit (if you have one).
(a) interest and fees for going over/past your arranged overdraft limit;
(b) fees for each payment Metro Bank allows despite lack of funds; and
(c) fees for each payment Metro Bank refuses due to lack of funds
We process standing orders, Direct Debits and future dated payments in the morning. If you don't have enough funds in your account to cover a payment, we'll send you a text message to let you know so you can pay in the money. We'll try to make the payment again at 2pm on the same day, and if we're successful we won't charge you.
Cheques normally take 5 working days to process. If you'd like to know how quickly you can withdraw your funds after a cheque has been paid into your account you can take a look at our cheque clearance guide.
Download our PDF to read when you like - it contains all the ins and outs of our Current Account.
Current Account Details (PDF)(880KB)
Our Service Relationship with Personal Customers (PDF)(1.2MB)
The straightforward, easy way to manage your day-to-day spending if you don't need all the features of a Current account, if you are not eligible for one, or if you are under 18.
There are no Direct Debits or overdrafts. And you can stay on budget with online spending and foreign transaction limits. Pop in store with proof of ID to open your account on the same day – no need for an appointment.
We've made it really easy to open an account with Metro Bank. Just come in to one of our stores with your proof of ID. There's no need for an appointment, You'll be able to use your account straight away and we'll print your bank card and cheque book there and then.
Switching your Current Account to Metro Bank couldn't be simpler. Just pop into one of our stores. They're open 7 days a week. We'll take care of everything for you. And we'll have your whole switch done in 7 working days. Guaranteed.
Yes. And we'll match your existing overdraft where we can, depending on your financial status.
Yes. You can open a joint account to manage your money together. You can even switch your existing joint account to us.
Yes. All Metro Bank cards support contactless payments. Just tap on the reader at the till and you're done.
Metro Bank 24/7. Check balances, make payments, see transactions and open new accounts any time - all with internet banking.
Control your money on the move with our mobile banking app. Check balances, move money, make payments and more wherever you are.
A friendly face and a quick answer. And all the usual payment services too. We're open 362 days a year.
If you need help you can talk to a real person in our UK contact centre 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, 365 days a year.
Switching your current account to Metro Bank is simple and hassle-free. And we guarantee to have it all done and dusted for you in 7 days.
Apply in store and we'll print your card there and then. Having the right documents will help make the process go smoothly.
Going on holiday or taking a business trip? Our debit and credit cards make your purchases and taking out cash abroad as convenient as possible.
Your eligible deposits with Metro Bank are protected by the FSCS.


text:
'A Little Clammy and None Too Fresh' - Season 5, Episode 12
Rose returns from England, and plays nurse for an ill Charlie. Alan feels Jake pulling away from him.
Air Date: March 23rd 2008.
Berta: What's wrong with you?
Charlie: I caught something.
Berta: There's a surprise.
Charlie: Mommy, I don't feel good.
Evelyn: Oh, Charles, don't tell me you've got another case of the Bangkok drippy-drip.
Jake: Hey, Rose, you wanna go see a movie later?
Rose: Maybe. We'll see how your uncle's feeling. He's very, very sick.
Alan: So, basically, what we're saying here is, you'll go to the movies with anybody but me.
Jake: Not "anybody"—I wouldn't go with Hitler.


text:
Carapace Wetsuits is a company I got in touch with while I was travelling. Located in California and founded in 2012, Carapace are making their way into the surfing/diving world with the help of their premium custom-fit wetsuits. We just love the quality of the wetsuits and the team, so working with them was something logic for me.
For the first few articles, we decided to talk about my trip to California, sleeping on stranger's couch and exploring places that I didn't even knew existed. Here's the part 3! Haven't read part 1? Read it here! What about part 2? Right here!


text:
Like any anthology, New California Writing 2011, from Berkeley's Heyday Books, enjoys the privilege of a self-selecting readership. It should delight anyone who feels inclined to pick it up. Maybe even haters, of which apparently there are some.
"Schadenfreude has become California's biggest export," writes Heyday honcho Malcolm Margolin in the new book's introduction, citing a high frequency of the phrase "Paradise Lost" in recent dispatches from national press. "We are indeed, in the words of the purported Chinese curse, living in interesting times; let us turn our attention to one of the few benefits that 'interesting times' bestow on us, the emergence of a probing, funny, thought-provoking, and courageous body of literature."
For example, consider Mike Davis' "Labor War in the Mojave," originally from The Nation. Davis begins like so: "The biggest hole in California, with the exception of the current state budget, is Rio Tinto's huge open-pit mine at the town of Boron, near Edwards Air Force Base, eighty miles northeast of Los Angeles. Seen from Google Earth, it is easy to imagine that the 700-foot-deep crater was blasted out of the Mojave Desert by an errant asteroid or comet."
Quite the hooky opener, that, with its curiosity enlivened by irked humor, its correlation of abundance with absence, and its willingness to get in deep.
Yes, this is a many-layered regionalism, with most of the expected demographic categories represented. There are immigration stories, family histories, exegeses on mulberries and falconry and the inner lives of skaters, surfers, borax miners, and many other exasperated, enervated, dislocated souls. Plus: lots of hella specific Cali locales, each as ingratiatingly name-dropped as the punk bands in just-Pulitzered former San Franciscan Jennifer Egan's novel A Visit from the Goon Squad, duly excerpted here.
Reportedly culled from open-call submissions, a few of the pieces in New California Writing 2011 do seem so conscious of the mandate as to become slightly self-blinkering. But editor Gayle Wattawa, who also edited Inlandia: A Literary Journey through California's Inland Empire, knows how to maintain balance. There's enough wound-up and wised-up anger — from veterans and newcomers alike — to keep this new compendium, the first in a planned annual series, from getting tritely effusive.
Other nits barely worth picking include mostly rhetorical questions about organization. Does it help or hurt to pair off pieces according to their formal similarities? Hard to say. Brad Schreiber's "George Blanda Ate My Homework," a letter to a teacher in which the author waggishly construes the Raiders Hall of Famer as an understandable academic distraction and an analog to the hapless protagonist of Hemingway's The Old Man and the Sea, might be at a disadvantage from coming right after "Dear Mr. Atende," Susan Straight's long, angry, funny letter to a presumptuous elementary-school science teacher from a beleaguered single mom. But then wedging some filler between the two wouldn't necessarily solve that problem, if it even is a problem, and it'd be a shame to lose one just because the other plays the same game.
We are meant to congratulate the thing for its democratic attitude, and fair enough. The spirit of such a book is inherently inclusive. The beauty of this one, and a measure of its success, is that no one piece quite sums it up. Some come close, like Tess Taylor's poem, "Song for El Cerrito," which begins: "I used to hate its working-class bungalows, grid planning,/power-lines sawing hillsides. It shamed me/the way my parents did for not making more money./Now it looks like a Diebenkorn."


text:
I love salads, especially with fresh juicy ingredients. This tomato salad is very tasty and so easy to make and goes with anything. Try it as a side to grilled fish, chicken, or beef. Enjoy !
1 red onion
4 tomatoes
1 cucumber
1 small log of goat cheese
Balsamic Vinaigrette
Dice up the onion, tomatoes, and cucumber so they are in larger, but bite size cubes.Top with the soft crumbles of goat cheese.
Drizzle the mixture with the balsamic vinaigrette and lightly toss. Serves 4.


text: earthquake City Club of Eugene: How Safe Are Our Dams, Rivers & Reservoirs? By Anni Katz & Love Cross • May 22, 2017 Recorded on: May 19, 2017 Oregon Earthquake Anniversary Prompts Preparedness By Franziska Monahan • Jan 26, 2017 Oregon Office of Emergency Management Thursday (1/26) marks 317 years since the last recorded Cascadia Quake. As KLCC's Franziska Monahan reports, the date is being honored with emergency preparedness reminders and new legislation. Earthquake Emergency Preparedness: What Can You Do? By Desmond • May 2, 2016 Recorded on: April 30th, 2016 Air Date: May 2nd, 2016 Speakers: Krista Dillon: University of Oregon Director of Emergency Management and Fire Prevention Steve McGuire: Lane County Building Program Manager Carlos Barrera: Lane County Building Program Manager Last year's Pulitzer Prize winning New Yorker Magazine article, "The Really Big One," has awakened us to the reality that a huge disaster is in our future. We know it is inevitable, but not whether it will happen tomorrow or years in the future. How bad will it be? Don't Wait for the Quake By Gayle Chisholm • Dec 22, 2015 The UO School of Journalism and Communication (SOJC) recently held a forum in Portland to help Oregonians prepare for "the big one." The SOJC's "Don't Wait for the Quake" event, hosted in partnership with OPB, convened a timely conversation about earthquake preparedness in Oregon. As a catalyst for conversation, the forum featured five videos produced by SOJC Allen Hall Studios undergraduate students, each with its own angle on earthquake preparedness and recovery: Great Shakeout Shakes Out Great By Karen Richards • Oct 15, 2015 Karen Richards At 10:15 today (Thursday), millions of people around the world stopped, dropped and held on as part of the Great Shakeout. Instructors and students at Lane Community College's downtown campus took part in the earthquake drill. Corvallis Hosts Forum On Impacts Of Disasters By Karen Richards • Oct 8, 2015 www.corvallisoregon.gov September's National Preparedness Month has sparked renewed interest in earthquakes and other natural disasters in Oregon. Corvallis will host a readiness forum tonight (Thursday). U of O Scientists Help Strengthen Earthquake Warning Systems By Karen Richards • Aug 10, 2015 Karen Richards A recent article in the New Yorker and the July Fourth earthquake near Springfield have generated concern for the potential of a massive Cascadia event in the Northwest. Scientists at the U of O have been working to strengthen Oregon's early warning systems. Willamette Valley Dams Deemed Safe After Saturday's Earthquake By Karen Richards • Jul 6, 2015 US Army Corps of Engineers The Army Corps of Engineers sent inspectors to 13 Willamette Valley dams following Saturday's magnitude 4.2 earthquake. All of them were judged to be safe. Listen Listening... / 0:59 Protocol requires dams within 75 miles of a magnitude 4.0 or greater earthquake be inspected within 24 hours. 4.2 Magnitude Earthquake Near Springfield By Desmond O'Boyle • Jul 4, 2015 Chris Pietsch, TWITTER A 4.2 magnitude earthquake occurred Saturday morning near Springfield. That's according to the U.S. Geological Survey. It was gaged at about 6 miles deep. One resident in Dexter who contacted KLCC reported seeing her sliding glass door move. Springfield resident, Stephanie Songchild described her experience. Embracing the World, with a Benefit for Nepal Earthquake Survivors By Eric Alan • May 21, 2015 Eugene and Kathmandu have had a sister city relationship for forty years. As part of local efforts to aid Nepal's earthquake survivors, there will be a benefit on Sunday, May 24th, featuring music, dance and speakers. Proceeds will benefit the global relief project called Embracing the World. Eric Alan speaks with Arun Toké, event organizer and editor of Skipping Stones magazine. Pages1 2 3 next › last »


text: Hi. I am having a terrible time with the bluetooth hook up in my car (Mazda CX-7). When you use the music player through it, everything sounds like it's playing real fast or skips. I thought I didn't have enough memory so I bought a 16gb card and still have the same problem. If you are talking on the phone, after about 10 minutes into the conversation, it disconnects and you have to turn the phone off and then back on just to reconnect. Very disappointed. Had a Palm pre, worked great! Can anyone help?


text:
Need a quote?
Save time and we'll contact 5 reputable Television companies for you
Click here!
21 Queen Street, Maidenhead, Berkshire, SL6 1NB, United Kingdom
Dogra Electronics is the family run electronics business based in Berkshire. With over 30 years of experience in the audio visual trade, the business continues to put the needs of the customer first by providing innovative technological solutions for all your electronic needs.
Hall Road Retail Park, Hall Road, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 6DH, United Kingdom
A third generation family business with a turnover in excess of £100m, 750+ employees and unbroken customer relationships, Hughes Trade(formerly known as Trade Electricals Direct) - is one of the UK's leading trade suppliers of consumer electrical products and kitchen appliances. Products areas include TV, entertainment, audio, photography, IT, home appliances, built in appliances, small appliances and accessories.
Technology house, 2 Lissadel Street, Salford University, Manchester, M6 6AP, United Kingdom
Luxurite don't want the enjoyment of television to be restricted to living areas. We feel you should be able to watch TV in the bath or cooking. Our range of products include bathroom TVs, kitchen TVs, mirror TVs and outdoor TVs in the highest quality and the clearest picture.
Grant Way, Isleworth, Middlesex, TW7 5QD, United Kingdom
Sky Business provide multi-channel television to a wide range of commercial markets via a selection of different commercial contracts.


text:
So I was surprised to run into Sea Bags at an airport gift shop here in the other Portland - Portland, Maine. Made from recycled sails, the bags seem pretty sturdy. Designed and manufactured in Maine.
I've heard about their bags over the years and not surprisingly, they have some biters who don't have any of the green or decent labor standards behind them making similar-looking items. Buyers, beware!
They seem to be animal-free (made of sails and rope handles only). I didn't see any leather reinforcements although they have some Woolrich collaboration bags that are clearly not vegan.
It was a nice surprise to see stuff made locally in an airport gift shop instead of a bunch of Made in China crap screen-printed with the name of whichever city you're currently in!


text:
One of the most exciting aspects of family life is making contact with long-lost relatives and putting together a family tree. It can be difficult, as relatives are often scattered across countries and continents with no clue how to reach one another. By using personal ingenuity and accessing a few resources, a joyful reunion can be in your future.
Interview older family members. Elderly relatives are often a wealth of untapped knowledge regarding family history. Even if they don't know the exact current whereabouts of the relative in question, they may be able to give you a jump start on your search.
If the person or people in question have married, elderly relatives may know their maiden as well as married name. They may know the relative's middle name, or the names of their children. They may also be able to tell you the last known city where the relative lived, and might also have pictures, documents and other invaluable records.
Utilize the Internet. The Internet is a goldmine when it comes to researching genealogy and your family tree. There are numerous sites with search engines devoted specifically to helping people find their long-lost relatives.
Search for your distant relatives' names; try variations, such as their maiden name, married name or different spellings. If you're searching for a married couple, start with the person who has the most unique name. You can also search for the last-known location where the person lived. Seek out birth, death, divorce or other personal records, or zero in on a specific date or time period.
Start a family genealogy website. This may help long-lost relatives find you. If you have family members searching for answers the same way you are, by posting yourself in a highly visible Internet location, chances are they'll find you.
Search social network sites like Myspace or Facebook. Today people of all ages, races, cultures and religions are involved in social networking, regardless of their location. If your relatives are online, you'll find them. If you don't find them right away, keep checking back since new members join every day.
Hire a private investigator. If all else fails, hire a professional who makes his livelihood finding people who are difficult to find. Services aren't free, but hopefully you'll be happy with the results.


text:
Several esophageal pathologies are associated with an increased number of mast cells in the esophageal wall. We addressed the hypothesis that activation of esophageal mast cells leads to an increase in the excitability of local sensory C fibers. Guinea pigs were actively sensitized to ovalbumin. The mast cells in the esophagus were selectively activated ex vivo by superfusion with ovalbumin. Action potential discharge in guinea pig vagal nodose esophageal C-fiber nerve endings was monitored in the isolated (ex vivo) vagally innervated esophagus by extracellular recordings. Ovalbumin activated esophageal mast cells, leading to the rapid release of ∼20% of the tissue histamine stores. This was associated with a consistent and significant increase in excitability of the nodose C fibers as reflected in a two- to threefold increase in action potential discharge frequency evoked by mechanical (increases in intraluminal pressure) stimulation. The increase in excitability persisted unchanged for at least 90 min (longest time period tested) after ovalbumin was washed from the tissue. This effect could be prevented by the histamine H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine, but once the increase in excitability occurred, it persisted in the nominal absence of histamine and could not be reversed even with large concentrations of the histamine receptor antagonist. In conclusion, activation of esophageal mast cells leads to a pronounced and long-lived increase in nociceptive C-fiber excitability such that any sensation or reflex evoked via the vagal nociceptors will likely be enhanced. The effect is initiated by histamine acting via H1 receptor activation and maintained in the absence of the initiating stimulus.
- histamine
- visceral pain
- allergy
- nociceptor
mast cells are present in the esophagus, and their numbers are consistently elevated in esophageal pathologies including eosinophilic esophagitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease associated with food allergy, Barrett's esophagus, and squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (3, 14, 16). Beyond the histological assessment of mast cell numbers (7, 22), however, there is relatively little information on the physiological consequence of mast cell activation in the esophagus. In other tissues mast cell activation has been shown to modulate the activity of autonomic (18, 22), enteric (4, 13, 17, 19), and sensory nerves (8, 9). On the basis of the location in the esophageal wall (7, 22), we hypothesize that sensory nociceptive nerves will likely be within the sphere of influence of mediators released from mucosal mast cells.
Sensory nerves that provide the organism with a sense of injury or impending injury are referred to as nociceptors. Generally these sensory fibers are unmyelinated capsaicin-sensitive C fibers. They are considered polymodal in that many types of stimuli can elicit action potential discharge, with the common feature of the stimuli being that they are associated with tissue inflammation or are potentially damaging to the tissue. The mechanically induced activation of nociceptors in the esophagus, for example, is distinguished from the low-threshold mechanosensitive A fibers (tension receptors) in that the action potential discharge frequency continues to increase in the nociceptors as the intraluminal pressure extends into the noxious range. On the basis of these criteria, the guinea pig esophagus is innervated by at least three separate types of nociceptive-like sensory nerves. There are two types of vagal nociceptive C fibers, one with cell bodies situated in the jugular ganglion, the other with cell bodies situated in the nodose ganglion (29). In addition there are spinal nociceptors innervating the esophagus with cell bodies situated in the dorsal root ganglion (20, 21).
In this study we specifically address the hypothesis that activation of esophageal mast cells modulates the excitability of nodose nociceptive C fibers in the guinea pig esophagus. We take advantage of the immediate hypersensitivity reaction to selectively activate the tissue mast cells with an antigen challenge ex vivo. The data support the conclusion that mast cell activation does not overtly evoke action potential discharge in these nerves but causes a substantial and persistent increase in their responsiveness to mechanical and chemical activation.
Male Hartley guinea pigs (Hilltop Laboratory Animals, Scottsdale, PA) weighing 100–300 g were used. All experiments were approved by the Johns Hopkins Animal Care and Use Committee and Pennsylvania State University Animal Care and Use Committee.
Sensitization and allergen challenge.
Guinea pigs were sensitized with three intraperitoneal injections of ovalbumin (OVA, 10 mg/kg in 0.9% saline) every 48 h. Three weeks after the last injection, guinea pigs were killed by CO2 inhalation and exsanguinations and the tissue was harvested. Antigen challenge was performed by using OVA (10 μg/ml) diluted in Krebs bicarbonate solution [KBS, composed of (in mM) 118 NaCl, 5.4 KCl, 1.0 NaH2PO4, 1.2 MgSO4, 1.9 CaCl2, 25.0 NaHCO3, and 11.1 dextrose, and gassed with 95% O2-5% CO2].
Histamine release assay.
Esophageal specimens (80–120 mg) were equilibrated in oxygenated KBS (37°C) for 60 min, with the buffer replaced at 15-min intervals. Following this equilibration period the tissue were treated with buffer vehicle for 20 min, at which time the supernatant solution was obtained for spontaneous release analysis. The specimens were then treated with OVA (10 μg/ml) for 20 min to measure the OVA-induced histamine release. The supernatant from all samples was collected and stored at −70°C. The tissue pellet was triturated in the presence of 0.4 N perchloric acid to obtain the remaining tissue content of histamine. Histamine was assayed by the automated fluorometric assay as previously described (24).
In separate experiments the kinetics of histamine release was measured from the isolated whole esophagus in a preparation similar to that used for extracellular recordings. The whole esophagus was constantly superfused with oxygenated KBS (37°C) at the rate 2 ml/min for a 60-min equilibration period. After the equilibration the superfusate was collected for analysis in 1-min intervals. After two samples were obtained for spontaneous release analysis, OVA (10 μg/ml) was added to the superfusion solution, and the superfusate was collected for an additional 30 min.
Immunofluorescent-labeling of mast cell tryptase.
The dissected esophagus from sensitized animals was immersed in the KBS-containing antigen (OVA, 10 μg/ml) for 20 min to induce antigen-mediated mast cell degranulation. This was compared with control tissues exposed to Krebs buffer solution without antigen.
The esophageal tissues were first fixed in 4% formaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) overnight at 4°C. The tissues were then rinsed in PBS, cryoprotected with 18% sucrose in PBS for 18–24 h. Afterward, the tissues were covered with optimum cutting temperature mounting medium and frozen on dry ice. The tissues were cut in serial sections of 12-μm thickness on a cryostat, collected on silane-coated slides, and air dried for 30 min.
Sections were incubated with blocking solution containing 1% bovine serum albumin (BSA), 10% normal goat serum, and 0.1% Tween 20 in PBS for 60 min. The tissues were incubated 12–24 h at 4°C with primary antibody in PBS containing 0.1% Triton X-100 (TX) and 1% BSA (PBS-TX-BSA). The primary antibody was polyclonal rabbit antiserum to tryptase (diluted 1:200; Chemicon International, Temecula, CA). Slides were then washed in PBS-TX-BSA and incubated with goat anti-rabbit labeled with Alexa 488 (diluted 1:100, Molecular Probe) in PBS-TX-BSA for 2 h at room temperature. The sections were then rinsed with PBS and with glycerin buffered with phosphate to pH 8.6, coverslipped. The slides were analyzed and counted by a conventional epifluorescence microscopy (Olympus DX60) with the filters set to allow visualization of Alexa 488 (excitation filter 450–480 nm, barrier filter 500–515 nm).
Extracellular single fiber recordings from the vagal afferent nerves innervating the esophagus.
The isolated, vagally innervated, perfused esophagus was set up as previously described (29). The esophagus and trachea were dissected with intact bilateral extrinsic vagal innervation (including jugular and nodose ganglia). The tissue was pinned in a small Sylgard-lined Perspex chamber filled with Krebs solution (35°C) containing indomethacin (3 μM). The chamber had two compartments: the esophagus with attached trachea (to support the recurrent laryngeal nerves) and the vagus were pinned in the tissue compartment, and the rostral aspect of the vagus nerves including the nodose and jugular ganglia were pinned in the recording compartment. The two compartments were separated by a silicone grease plug and were separately superfused with KBS (pH 7.4; 35°C; 4–6 ml/min). Polyethylene tubing was inserted 3–5 mm into the cranial and caudal esophagus and secured for perfusion.
The pressure in the fluid (KBS)-filled esophagus was measured with a differential pressure transducer connected in series to the esophagus and recorded simultaneously with neural activity by the chart recorder (TA240S, Gould, Valley View, OH).
Isobaric esophageal distension for 20 s with an intraluminal pressure of 10–100 mmHg separated by at least 60 s was used to determine the distension pressure-nerve activity relationship of an esophageal afferent fiber. Distension with a pressure of 10 or 60 mmHg (20 s) was routinely used to assess the viability and mechanical responsiveness of an afferent fiber during experiments.
Extracellular recordings were performed as described before (29). An aluminosilicate glass microelectrode (pulled with a Flaming-Brown micropipette puller, Sutter Instrument, Novato, CA) and filled with 3 M sodium chloride (electrode resistance 2 MΩ). The electrode was placed into an electrode holder connected directly to the headstage (A-M Systems, Everett, WA). A return electrode of silver-silver chloride wire and earthed silver-silver chloride pellet were placed in the perfusion fluid of the recording compartment. The recorded signal was amplified (Microelectrode AC amplifier 1800, A-M Systems) and filtered (low cutoff 0.3 kHz; high cutoff 1 kHz), and the resultant activity was displayed on an oscilloscope (TDS 340, Tektronix, Beaverton, OR) and the chart recorder. The data were stored and analyzed on a Macintosh computer using the software TheNerveOfIt (sampling frequency 33 kHz; PHOCIS, Baltimore, MD) and further processed by using spreadsheet software (Microsoft Excel 98).
To identify a vagal afferent nerve fiber projecting to the esophagus, the recording electrode was positioned in the nodose ganglion (left or right) via a micromanipulator. A distension-sensitive unit was identified when esophageal distension (with a rapid increase in intraluminal pressure to 100 mmHg for 5 s) evoked action potential discharge. The serosal surface of the esophagus was then searched with a punctate mechanical probe (Von Frey hair, 1 mN, filament diameter < 0.5 mm) applied to the tissue, with a firm probe (outside diameter ∼1 mm) having already been inserted into the esophageal lumen. A mechanosensitive receptive field was located when the punctate stimulus evoked discharge of action potentials with waveforms identical to the action potentials evoked by distension. The receptive field was then stimulated electrically (pulse duration = 1 ms, frequency = 1 Hz) with a concentric electrode inserted into the esophagus with the tip positioned at the site of the mechanosensitive receptive field. The initial voltage (100 V) was gradually reduced to the lowest voltage (threshold voltage) at which each stimulation pulse was followed by a single action potential (30–90 V for most afferent nerve fibers recorded). The waveforms of the electrically evoked action potentials were identical to those induced by distension and the punctate mechanical stimulus. Conduction time was measured as the time between the stimulation pulse and the action potential (visualized by oscilloscope). Variability of conduction time (during the train stimulation, 10 Hz, 10 s) <3 ms indicated direct electrical stimulation (indirect activation of a unit by electrically evoked muscle contractions was readily discernable by high variability >20 ms of conduction time). Conduction velocity was calculated by dividing the length of the approximated nerve pathway by conduction time. The nerve fiber was considered a C fiber if it conducted action potentials at <1 m/s.
The chemicals diluted in KBS solution were delivered to the esophagus in the external perfusate for 10–20 min. The nerve activity (action potential discharge) was monitored continuously and analyzed in 1-s bins (yielding the number of action potentials in each second, Hz). The peak frequency (Hz) was defined as the maximal frequency of action potential discharge. The response to the particular stimulus was considered positive when the stimulus evoked action potential discharge with a peak frequency of at least 3 Hz (in the fibers with no baseline activity) or a peak frequency at least three times the frequency of baseline activity. The time to onset of the response was defined as the time elapsed between addition of the drug to the tissue to the onset of the action potential discharge. The agonists capsaicin and α,β-methylene-ATP were used at the end of each experiment at their maximally effective concentration of 1 and 30 μM, respectively. The stock solutions of capsaicin (10 mM in ethanol), pyrilamine (10 mM in water), and α,β-methylene-ATP (10 mM in water), were stored at −20°C and diluted in KBS to final concentration on the day of use. All drugs were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Evaluation of esophageal tissue mechanics.
The effect of histamine on the relationship between tension in the esophageal wall and the esophageal diameter was evaluated using tissue bath experiments. Two parallel steel wires were inserted into the 2–3 mm long (L, axial length) circular piece (ring) of esophagus, one wire stationary and the other connected to a calibrated micromanipulator and force transducer. The tissue was placed in KBS (35°C). The distance between the wires (dw) was positioned (tolerance of ±0.005 mm) to distend the esophageal ring with a force (F) equivalent to calculated tension in the esophageal wall at pressure 5, 10, and 30 mmHg for 20 s each. This protocol was repeated after 30 min of incubation with histamine (100 μM). Because the esophageal ring is stretched its internal circumference (ci) equals two times the distance between the wires (ci = 2 × dw). An intraesophageal pressure that would cause the same degree of distention as the force applied to distend the ring was calculated from the equation: pressure = force/(internal circumference × axial length of the ring), P = F/(ci × L). Data are presented as the relationship between the pressure (P) and esophageal diameter (d, obtained by dividing internal circumference by π, d = ci/π).
Data analysis.
Histamine release was expressed either as nanograms per milliliter per minute or as the percentage of the total histamine content of the tissue. Total numbers of tryptase-positive mast cells were counted per cross section of the esophagus. The distension-evoked nerve response was quantified as the peak frequency of the action potential discharge presented as means ± SE. For statistical analysis of the change in the overall mechanical response we used the area under the curve (AUC) calculated using standard geometrical formulas with the resultant formula (the units are omitted): AUC = 20 × (pf10+pf30) + 30 × (pf30+pf60) where pf10, pf30, and pf60 are the peak frequencies at the distention pressures 10, 30, and 60, respectively, and the coefficients 20 and 30 refer to difference between tested pressure points used (i.e., 20 mmHg = 30–10 mmHg). The areas under the curve were then compared by paired t-test in paired experiments and one-way ANOVA for repeated measurements. The response to chemical agents was quantified as the total number of action potentials discharged in response to a drug after the spontaneous activity (if present) was subtracted. The chemical response is presented as means ± SE and compared by paired t-test. For all experiments the significance was defined as P < 0.05.
Esophageal mast cell activation.
A histological assessment revealed that mast cells are consistently situated in the lamina propria of the guinea pig esophagus (Fig. 1). When the esophagus of actively sensitized animals was exposed ex vivo to 10 μg/ml of OVA (×30 min), the number of mast cells per cross section under high-powered field (×200) identified by use of anti-tryptase antibody decreased from 40 ± 5 to 4 ± 2 (P < 0.001, n = 4). This degree of decrease in mast cell number is consistent with activation and degranulation of nearly all the tissue mast cells (Fig. 1).
Histamine release was also quantified as an assessment of mast cell activation. We found that, in control animals, the esophagus contains 4.9 ± 0.5 μg histamine/g tissue wet wt; for comparison the guinea pig trachea contains ∼10 μg/g wet wt (25). Exposing the sensitized esophagus to 10 μg/ml OVA resulted in the release of 17 ± 1% (n = 6) of the total tissue stores of histamine.
Nodose C-fiber excitability.
The conduction velocity of the C fibers evaluated averaged 0.7 ± 0.02, n = 75. Exposing the actively sensitized esophagus to OVA (ex vivo) was seldom associated with overt action potential discharge in nodose C fibers (n = 9). In four of nine fibers there was a slight increase in baseline activity, but this did not increase beyond 0.5 Hz.
As we previously reported (29), nodose C-fiber can be reproducibly stimulated by step increases in intraluminal pressure. The action potential discharge frequency increased in a graded fashion with step increases in intraluminal pressure of 10, 30, and 60 mmHg (see representative trace in Fig. 2A). Exposing the actively sensitized esophagus to OVA (30 min) caused a two- to threefold increase in the peak frequency and total number of action potentials in response to increases of intraluminal pressure (Fig. 2). In tissues obtained from nonsensitized (control) animals, OVA had no effect on the response of the C fibers to increases in intraluminal pressure (Fig. 2).
Next, the duration of the OVA-induced increase in nodose C-fiber responsiveness was evaluated. Washing the tissue free of OVA for 30, 60, and 90 min (longest time period evaluated) failed to reverse the OVA-induced effect (Fig. 3). We also measured the time course of the antigen-induced histamine release from the tissues. The histamine reached a peak within 2 min of OVA exposure then rapidly declined to near basal levels by 20–30 min (Fig. 3).
Pretreating the tissue with the competitive histamine H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine (1 μM) for 30 min prevented the OVA-induced increase in nodose C-fiber responsiveness (Fig. 4A). By contrast, exposure to the same dose of pyrilamine for 30 min after the OVA-induced effect was established had no effect on the response (i.e., failed to reverse the OVA-induced effect) (Fig. 4B).
Histamine (100 μM) mimicked the effect of OVA in that it failed to consistently activate the nodose C fibers, but it caused a substantial increase in the responsiveness of the C fibers to mechanical stimulation (Fig. 5A). As with the OVA-induced responses, this histamine-induced effect was prevented by pretreating the tissue with pyrilamine (Fig. 5B). In another series of experiments a 10-fold lower concentration of histamine elicited a less consistent increase in the pressure-C-fiber response that failed to reach statistical significance (n = 11, P = 0.09).
Also consistent with the antigen-induced response, once the histamine-induced increase in C-fiber responsiveness was established, it was not reversible upon perfusing the tissue with histamine-free solution for 60 min (Fig. 6). Moreover, following the hour of perfusing the tissue with histamine-free buffer solution, an additional 30-min treatment with pyrilamine failed to reverse the histamine-induced response (Fig. 6).
Large mechanical forces have been shown to stimulate C fibers. Whereas histamine can contract esophageal smooth muscle, we evaluated whether the C-fiber response could have been elicited indirectly secondary to an increase in intraluminal pressure. Histamine did not influence the stress-strain relationship of the mechanical effect evoked by increasing intraluminal pressure (Fig. 5C). Moreover, methacholine, another agonist that contracts esophageal smooth muscle, failed to influence the nodose C-fiber response to increases in intraluminal pressure. No difference in the pressure-response curves of peak frequency of action potential discharge in response to 10, 30, and 60 mmHg was observed when carried out in the absence or presence of methacholine (10 μM; n = 5, P > 0.1, data not shown).
Nodose C fibers are reproducibly activated by the P2X agonist α,β-methylene ATP (29). As with the response to mechanical stimulation, OVA (30 min) significantly increased the C fibers response to stimulation with α,β-methylene ATP (Fig. 7).
Nodose neurons also project low-threshold mechanosensors (tension receptors) to the guinea pig esophagus. These fibers conduct action potentials in the Aδ range (29). We evaluated the effect of histamine (100 μM) on the response of tension receptors to esophageal distension caused by a 10-mmHg increase in perfusion pressure. Unlike the C fibers, histamine had no effect on the response of the Aδ fibers. The peak action potential discharge caused by the distension averaged 31 ± 5 Hz and 34 ± 3 Hz before and after histamine, respectively (P > 0.1, n = 4, conduction velocity = 3.2 ± 0.3 m/s).
The data support the hypothesis that activation of mast cells in the esophageal mucosa leads to long-lasting increases in the excitability of nearby vagal nociceptive C fibers. The increase in excitability is expressed by a substantial increase in the peak frequency of action potential discharge per given amount of activating stimulus (e.g., increases in intraluminal pressure or exposure to a purinergic agonist). The antigen-induced excitability increase requires the activation of histamine H1 receptors, but once the increased excitability is established it is enduring and no longer requires the presence of the initiating mediator(s).
Mast cells in various tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, are commonly situated near nerves (28). Several studies have demonstrated that activation of tissue mast cells leads to profound physiological and phenotypic changes in nearby nerves (1, 2, 23, 28). The characteristics of the neuronal effect evoked upon mast cell activation are dependent on the nerve type and species studied. Antigenic activation of mast cells leads to long-lasting potentiation of parasympathetic synaptic transmission (15), and it has been associated with increases and decreases in transmission through the sympathetic and enteric nervous system (17, 27, 28). Relatively few studies have directly assessed the effect of mast cell activation on visceral nociceptive C fibers. In rats, antigenic activation of mast cells leads to action potential discharge in jejunal C fibers, due mainly to the effects of histamine and 5-HT interacting with H1 and 5-HT3 receptors, respectively (6).
The present study presents the new evidence for an effect of mast cell activation on esophageal afferent fibers. The observation that mast cell activation failed to overtly evoke action potential discharge in the C fibers but substantially increased the responsiveness to mechanical stimulation is similar to results obtained in trachea vagal afferent Aδ fibers (18), but the mechanism and mediators appear to be different. The lack of overt activation of the C fibers in the present study contrasts with aforementioned effect of antigen activated mast cells on rat jejunal C fibers (6). There are several explanations for this difference. First, our studies were carried out ex vivo, where the background activity is largely diminished. In in vivo studies an increase in excitability may lead to action potential discharge by enhancing the response of the fiber to "background" physiological activity. Second, the jejunal C fibers likely represent mainly neural crest-derived dorsal root ganglion neurons, whereas our study focused specifically on the placodally derived nodose C fibers. We have previously shown that the placodal C fibers in the esophagus respond differently to various mediators compared with neural crest-derived esophageal vagal C fibers (29). Thirdly, there may be differences between C fibers in the lower gut compared with the esophagus. Finally, different species were used in the two studies. It may be of particular relevance in this regard that rat and mouse mast cells contain relatively large amounts of 5-HT compared with guinea pig (and human) mast cells (11, 12).
The results support the conclusion that histamine and its activation of H1 receptors are responsible for initiating the antigen-induced increase in nodose C-fiber excitability. Pretreating the tissue with the selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist pyrilamine completely prevented the antigen-induced response. Moreover, exogenously applied histamine mimicked the antigen-induced response, which was prevented by pyrilamine pretreatment.
When the time course of the antigen response is considered, however, the results are somewhat paradoxical. Once the antigen-induced increase in C-fiber excitability reached its peak (sometime within the first 30 min of antigen exposure), it remained unchanged for at least 90 min (longest time period evaluated) after washing of the tissue with fresh buffer solution. If histamine is the sole mediator, one might predict that the antigen-effect would be short lived; in our perfusion system, we found that the antigen-induced histamine release peaked within the first 5 min and was essentially complete within the first 30 min of exposure. Surprisingly, after the antigen-induced response or histamine-induced response was established, prolonged treatment with fresh buffer solution containing a relatively large concentration (1,000-fold greater than its Kd value) of pyrilamine was ineffective at reversing the response.
Considered together, the results are consistent with at least two logical scenarios that are at present difficult to experimentally differentiate. First, histamine H1 receptor activation may lead to events within the C-fiber terminals that somehow long outlast the actual H1 receptor stimulation by histamine. For example, there may be some phenotypic change or some persistent phosphorylation of an ion channel leading to an increase in excitability. More needs to be known about the mechanism by which histamine increases nodose C-fiber excitability before this hypothesis can be thoroughly investigated. We have found that histamine can inhibit certain potassium currents leading to an increase the input resistance and membrane depolarization in guinea pig nodose ganglion neurons, but these effects were rapidly reversible upon removal of histamine (26). In somatosensory sensory fibers, phospholipase Cβ has been implicated in histamine H1 receptor signaling, but phospholipase activation via G protein-coupled receptors is unlikely to persist for hours beyond receptor activation (5). Nevertheless, circumstantial support for this scenario is found by the recent studies of Kayssi et al. (8). They noted that exposing colonic nociceptive neurons for a brief 3 min to a protease-activated receptor (PAR)-2 activating peptide increased the neuron's excitability, and this persisted for at least 60 min after the stimulus was washed from the cells. The PAR-2, like the histamine H1 receptor, is a G protein-coupled receptor often linked to the Gq pathway.
The other scenario consistent with our results is that the histamine released from mast cells interacts with H1 receptors on other cell types in the tissue, resulting the release of a secondary mediator that, in turn, causes the long-lasting increase in C-fiber excitability.
It is unlikely that the effect of histamine or antigen on the C fiber's response to intraluminal pressure is secondary to effects on the stress-strain relationships caused by smooth muscle contractions. First, histamine had no effect on the tissue distension caused by the increases in intraluminal pressure that were studied. Second, methacholine, another agonist that contracts esophageal smooth muscle, did not increase the C fiber's response to increases in intraluminal pressure. Third, the antigen-induced increase in excitability was also observed when the stimulus was chemical (α,β-methylene ATP) rather than mechanical.
In the present study we took advantage of the immediate hypersensitivity reaction to selectively activate mast cells with antigen. This may have direct relevance to esophageal disorders associated with allergy. It should be kept in mind, however, that mast cells can be activated by endogenous stimuli other than allergens. Our results indicate that if such a stimulus is present in inflamed esophageal tissue, it may lead to a long-lasting enhancement in nociceptive nerve activity and in the consequential effects this has on sensations and esophageal reflex activity.
This research was supported by the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2007 the American Physiological Society


text:
The following blog pages document my history and works which span my artistic life. I hope you'll have an interesting browsing experience. Comments, dialogue and networking ideas are greatly appreciated.
Cote St-Luc Aquatic Center, November 9 – 30, 2017.
Women's Art Studio of Montreal, May 24 – 28, 2018 , Complexe du Canal Lachine, 4710 St. Ambroise. Vernissage: May 26
Women's Art Society of Montreal, 2018 Members' Juried Art Exhibit and Sale, Pavilion of the Grey Nuns, 1190 Guy, May, 2018
Mount Royal Cemetery Annual art Exhibition, August 25 – 26, 2018
Follow my blog to see the latest works. The four pictured above are "freshly pressed" done in winter 2014 / 2015.
1. Blue Building, Beaudry See Catalog, Collage – Montreal
2. North Hadley, Hovie Hotel See Catalog, Collage – Montreal
3. The Look Out – See Catalog, Fabric, Yarn and Crackle
4. White Wolf – See Catalog, Fabric, Yarn and Crackle
Click on pictures to enlarge.
Please visit my CATALOG pages to see what I've done or CONTACT ME if you have any comments, questions or commissions.
Post your comments in the box below or visit COMMENTS to see what others are saying and add yours.
Also, to find out what I'm up to, click a link at the right under SHOWS AND ACTIVITIES.


text:
Laboratory Manager
Mt Dora, FL US
Generous Salary-Relocation Available
Laboratory Manager Position Summary:
- The Laboratory Manager performs all approved laboratory procedures in assigned areas of licensure.
- The position requires exercise of independent judgment under minimum supervision.
- The work customarily involves any testing which may require a high degree of theoretical knowledge and technical expertise in licensed areas.
- The Laboratory Manager follows policies and procedures of the hospital.
- Participates in the Quality Improvement process and adheres to the hospital standards of behavior.
Laboratory Manager Position Requirements:
- Florida licensure as a Medical Technologist Supervisor is required.
- 3-5 years of Supervisor Experience is required.
- Bachelor's degree is required
For more information, please contact: Michelle Johnson 954-492-4646 or firstname.lastname@example.com


text:
Competition and Testing Improve Florida Schools
August 21, 2003
Florida's A+ Program may be the most controversial education reform program in the country, because it combines two extremely contentious education reforms: vouchers and high-stakes testing, say authors Jay P. Greene and Marcus A. Winters (both of the Manhattan Institute).
The theory behind the A+ Program is that chronically failing public schools will have an incentive to improve if they must compete with other schools for students and the funding they generate.
According to the authors:
- Florida's low-performing schools are improving in direct proportion to the competition they face from voucher schools; these improvements are not the result of test gaming, demographic shifts, or the statistical phenomenon of "regression to the mean."
- Schools with voucher competition showed the greatest improvements of all five categories of low-performing schools, with test scores rising 9.3 scale score points for math, 10.1 points in reading, and 5.1 percentile points on the Stanford-9 math -- relative to Florida public schools that were not in any low-performing category.
- Schools threatened with the prospect of vouchers unless they improved showed the second greatest gains -- 6.7 scale points on the math test, 8.2 points on the reading test, and 3.0 percentile points on the Stanford-9 math test.
Some researchers theorize that failing schools improve because of the stigma of a failing grade rather than the threat of voucher competition. The results of this study contradict this thesis. Schools that received one F in 1998-99 but none since are no longer exposed to the potential of voucher competition. These schools actually lost ground relative to non-low-performing Florida public schools, supporting the conclusion that once the threat of vouchers goes away, so does the incentive for failing schools to improve, explain the authors.
Source: Jay P. Greene and Marcus A. Winters, "When Schools Compete:
The Effects of Vouchers on Florida Public School Achievement," Manhattan Institute, August 20, 2003.
For text
Browse more articles on Education Issues


text:
Resolved: DNS Lookup Order with VPN on OSX Question: Why can't I access intranet resources over my VPN connection? After performing an update on my Mac I wasn't able to access intranet resources over my VPN connection. Further troubleshooting revealed that via IP address I could access servers but the DNS resolution wasn't working. Answer: …
Category: Mac OS
Nov 15
How to: Create an SSH connection using Terminal on Mac OS X & save the configuration for later use / shortcut
How to: Create an SSH connection using Terminal on Mac OS X & save the configuration for later use / shortcut So now that I bought myself a new Mac I decided I would try to avoid by all means installing Windows on it. I use a lot of applications (and some games) that either …
Nov 15
What is a privileged port on a Mac / Darwin?
What is a privileged port on a Mac / Darwin? Recently I was trying to connect to a remote SSH server using my MacBook. At one point when trying to configure a Tunnel I got an error saying: Privileged ports can only be forwarded by root My first instinct was to make sure I had …
Jan 04
How to: Clear the history on your Mac's terminal (command prompt)
Sometimes you want to clear your history due to a number of reasons, like when you type a password and now it is being remembered by your terminal session. I've read this information is stored in your profile as a History file, and many people go as far as suggesting you should delete it. However, …
Dec 20
How to: Run a command with elevated *admin* credentials on a Mac
Sometimes you need to run certain commands on the terminal with elevated credentials otherwise you won't be able to make modifications to the operating system, etc. In order to run such a command you need to use 'sudo' to elevate your current session. For example, you can run "sudo -s" and that will ask for …
Dec 20
How to: Clear or Flush DNS cache on a Mac OS X computer
How to: Clear or Flush DNS cache on a Mac OS X computer Most operating systems implement a local DNS cache for a number of reasons: lower the load on DNS servers, faster domain name resolution, etc. This is great for a number of reasons, but it also poses a problem from time to time. Most …
Dec 14
How to: Print a screenshot on a Mac
Apparently after some research there is no way to directly print your screen on a Mac. What I recommend is simply taking a screenshot and saving it to the desktop and then printing that document. You can learn how to take a screenshot on this article.


text: Week 5 Woohoo! One month is down and 11 more to go! We are just about 10% done for the year! Time has flown by and I'm trying to stay as on track as I can. I finished yesterdays row this morning. For the month of February, I'm going to try to change the design up a little and we will see how it's shaping up as the month continues… Read More


text:
What to do when you feel discouraged as a writer…
It think it depends on why I'm feeling discouraged. Is my story not coming together? Did I just read a rather scathing email from a reader? Has it been a busy week and I haven't had time to write? I attack all of these problems differently, but I think one of the key ingredients to every solution is surrounding myself with encouraging friends. I feel so very fortunate to have such a wonderful support system in my friends and family. They remind me that in the big scheme of things, one bad day won't ruin everything.
I often go for a walk when my story isn't coming together the way I'd like. Sometimes getting fresh air and taking time to sort through my ideas helps. Oh, and showering! Writers are notorious for getting ideas in the shower. I'm no exception.
Finally, sometimes I need a break from writing. Time away from my stories helps me clear my head and refocus. Going out to dinner with my friends – most of whom are not writers – gives me a chance to hear about their lives and forget my own. Playing with my kids, or seeing a movie with them, gives me a chance to laugh and remember that life – and writing – is about joy. I don't want to be the stereotypical writer who torments herself in order to get a story out. Writing isn't always easy, but it should be a good experience. Nothing good comes from forcing something, writing included.
Thanks, Becca!
Look out for our review, which will be up soon.


text:
"Thomsonfly.com is the launch customer for the new Boeing 757-200 and 767-200 Enhanced Interior Package."
Unfortunately, I couldn't find any pictures... So, do they have the new interrior?? any pictures??
well, which other airlines beside Thomsonfly and FirstChoice have re-conf. B767??
And why doesn't have MAXjet or Air Canada new interiors???
Photo © Eric Fortin - AirTeamImages


text:
- English
- français
Journal article
Magnetic Angular Encoder Using an Offset Compensation Technique
Quality and resolution of integrated microsystems using Hall sensors dedicated to an angular encoder are strongly dependent on the accuracy of the relative position of Hall sensors and on the offset of electronic front end circuitry. In this paper, we describe a CMOS microsystem built on two integrated circuits. This contactless encoder microsystem gives three sine and square signals with a phase shift of 120degrees and provides an angular error of less than 4degrees without external trimming or feedback. The Hall sensor assembly with the engine consists of fixing a small permanent magnet on the rear axis of the motor. Then, the sensor is positioned in front of this magnet.
- doi:10.1109/JSEN.2004.836864
- View record in Web of Science
Record created on 2007-10-08, modified on 2017-05-10


text: Hey guys. I'm wondering if i could get some help from the community. I'm actually looking for a scheduling/calendar program that can do a particular task. Basically, my work involves a pretty odd 9 day shift that repeats itself. I normally have a system at work to verify but i'm wondering if theres a particular organizer/scheduler program out there that can tabulate repeated events on a calendar? That way i could actually check my future schedules easily when i'm outside. Any suggestions?


text:
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Spend some remarkable days in San Jose and enjoy the hospitality of Clarion Inn Silicon Valley San Jose! The hotel is offering 47 nicely furnished rooms to stay in to those seeking accommodation in San Jose. The hotel is happy to have you in the restaurant for a hearty lunch or a romantic dinner. A great opportunity to do sports will be provided by the local gym. If you wish to learn more about the exact scope of services provided by Clarion Inn Silicon Valley San Jose (including any available for an extra fee), you will find them on the information sheet below.
Payment Depending on the selected date, room and price, you may need to provide credit card guarantee or advance bank card payment to finalize your reservation.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest time to check in to your room is 15:00, the latest time to check out of your room is 11:00. English is spoken by the personnel.
Clarion Inn Silicon Valley San Jose rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
- Pool (Outdoor - seasonally open)
Own restaurant
Fridge, Microwave oven, Tea/coffee-maker


text:
Here we provide Google Korean Input V 184.108.40.206040306-arm64-v8a for Android 4.2+ Google Korean Input
– Android TV support.
– Gesture typing on Korean keyboard.
– VoiceIME: Enter text using voice input.
– Suggestion dictionary: Suggests corrections for mistyped words and suggests next word after typing one word.
– Single Vowel layout: Provides larger buttons to reduce mistyping.
– H/W Keyboard support (Shift + Space or Right Alt or Ha/En key to switch between Hangul and English).
– Themes
[How to enable]
– Settings > Language & input > Check 'Google Korean Input'
– Touch 'Default (Input method)' > Select 'Korean (Google Korean Input)'
[How to disable]
– Settings > Apps > All > Google Korean Input > Disable
if there is any problem please let us know. Write your problem in comment box below.
Tech Specs
- Views: 283
- Rating:
(No Ratings Yet) Loading...
- Price:
- Android: 4.2 and up
- Version:
- Size: 11.9 MB
Download Count


text:
My Account
Certified Partner
Popular Exams
Secure Payment
All Vendors
IBM Brain Dumps Mastery Tests Exam Sheet 00M-229 Exam Papers
00M-229 Exam PapersExam Number/Code: 00M-229
Exam Name: IBM SPSS Predictive Analytics Sales Mastery v1
Exam Papers 00M-229 Value Pack Products Detail
00M-229 Passed Testimonials
Post By : Mackenzie
Post Date : Tuesday, October 31, 2017
Recently I purchased your certification package and studied it thoroughly. Last week I passed the 00M-229 and obtained my certification. Exam Papers online testing engine was a great tool to prepare the exam. that enhanced my confidence and i easily passed the certification exam! Highly recommended!!! Mackenzie from San Jose, US
Post By : Natalie
Post Date : Saturday, October 21, 2017
It was the tough 00M-229 mock test which were making me to feel the heat but when I started the prep with the effective materials of the Exam Papers then everything went well and I was finally in a better position to score the best marks in the 00M-229 online test. I had really very interesting experience which had finally given me the good taste to have and that gave me really very interesting help in changing the professional career of mine to the best one.
Post By : Bryson
Post Date : Thursday, October 12, 2017
I took the help of Exam Papers and it has QnA for the learners, which covers various questions related to all the topics. I had to pass 00M-229 examination. When I got the real questions then I found that more than 80 percent questions are similar. I completed all the questions within 90 minutes and scored 90. best regards to Exam Papers. i thought it will be more difficult. i prepared carefully and i passed my exam with good score. All the credit goes to Exam Papers. i will recommend this test and site to me friends.
Mastery Tests Exams
Latest IBM Exams
Copyright © 2001-2017 Exam Papers.
All rights reserved.
|We don't provide actual questions from any vendor.
Disclaimer | Refund Policy | About Us | Review


text:
A Note About Our Store Section
As of 2/8/17, we will no longer be updating and adding additional shoes to our Store Section. The Store Section will remain open and you will be able to purchase shoes that are still available. Shoes that now sold out in narrow will be removed. Please note that you can continue to shop in each of the categories (women, men, girls and boys), as many of these shoes are still available in narrow for purchase. However, if you do not see a narrow width listed in the size/width drop down that means that it is sold out in narrow. We will be removing these links shortly.
A new "feeture" we will be adding is Narrow Shoesday Tuesday, where we will showcase our current favorite shoes. You will find our Narrow Shoesday Tuesday picks in the Featured Shoe Section.
Thank you for your understanding as we make some changes to our site. Happy Narrow Shoe Shopping!


text:
share:Remind Me
TCMDb Archive MaterialsView all archives (0)
DVDs from TCM Shop
Outlaw Country MORE > $6.95 Regularly $8.99 Buy Now
powered by AFI
DVDs from TCM Shop
Outlaw Country
Regularly $8.99 buy now
The working title of this film was Frontier Phantom. Although the onscreen cast credits read "and Introducing The Frontier Phantom," this was the only picture in which the character of "Frontier Phantom" appeared. The viewed print was missing all of its production credits. Although a July 1948 Hollywood Reporter production chart places Peggy Stewart in the cast, her appearance in the released film has not been confirmed.