text:
Clinical Research Center and
Clinical Research Center and
Brehm Christensen P.,University of Southern Denmark |
Ladelund S.,Clinical Research Center and |
Lund Laursen A.,Aarhus University Hospital |
Moller A.,Kolding Hospital |
And 7 more authors.
The Journal of infectious diseases | Year: 2017
Background: Knowledge about mortality rates (MRs) in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) with cirrhosis is limited. This study aimed to estimate all-cause MRs among patients with CHC with or without cirrhosis in Denmark compared with the general population.Methods: Patients registered in the Danish Database for Hepatitis B and C with CHC and a liver fibrosis assessment were eligible for inclusion. Liver fibrosis was assessed by means of liver biopsy, transient elastography, and clinical cirrhosis. Up to 20 sex- and age-matched individuals per patient were identified in the general population. Data were extracted from nationwide registries.Results: A total of 3410 patients with CHC (1014 with cirrhosis), and 67 315 matched individuals were included. Adjusted MR ratios (MRRs) between patients with or without cirrhosis and their comparison cohorts were 5.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.76-6.67) and 1.94 (1.55-2.42), respectively. Cirrhosis among patients was associated with an MRR of 4.03 (95% CI, 3.43-4.72). A cure for CHC was associated with an MRR of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.40-1.01) among cirrhotic patients and 2.33 (1.47-3.67) compared with the general population.Conclusions: MRs were high among patients with CHC with or without cirrhosis compared with the general population. Curing CHC was associated with a reduction in MR among cirrhotic patients, but the MR remained higher than the general population.
PubMed | Center for Basic and Translational Obesity Research, Boston Childrens Hospital, Clinical Research Center and, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard and Cambridge Broad Institute
Type: | Journal: The American journal of clinical nutrition | Year: 2017
Clinical nutrition research often lacks robust markers of compliance, complicating the interpretation of clinical trials and observational studies of free-living subjects.We aimed to examine metabolomics profiles in response to 3 diets that differed widely in macronutrient composition during a controlled feeding protocol.Twenty-one adults with a high body mass index (in kg/mOf 333 metabolites, we identified 152 whose concentrations differed for 1 diet compared with the others, including diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols, branched-chain amino acids, and markers reflecting metabolic status. Analysis of groups of related metabolites, with the use of either principal components or pathways, revealed coordinated metabolic changes affected by dietary composition, including pathways related to amino acid metabolism. We constructed a classifier using the metabolites that differed between diets and were able to correctly identify the test diet from metabolite profiles in 60 of 63 cases (>95% accuracy). Analyses also suggest differential effects by diet on numerous cardiometabolic disease risk factors.Metabolomic profiling may be used to assess compliance during clinical nutrition trials and the validity of dietary assessment in observational studies. In addition, this methodology may help elucidate mechanistic pathways linking diet to chronic disease risk. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00315354.
Yi T.C.,Monash University |
Moochhala S.,Clinical Research Center and |
Moochhala S.,DSO National Laboratories
Open Biomarkers Journal | Year: 2013
Salivary biomarkers have been increasingly popular in stress research as saliva is easily produced and collection is non-invasive and not limited by geographical distance or lack of infrastructure. Several salivary biomarkers have been utilized in stress research, for instance, salivary cortisol, salivary amylase and salivary immunoglobulin A. Despite being sensitive to changes in fatigue, they have limitations such as inter-individual variability, and interactions with other constituents that may confound the results. Recently, Hyperion Biotechnology has developed the Fatigue Biomarker Index (FBI), which is a measurement of the changes in concentration of salivary peptides with fatigue. The FBI has been shown to be an accurate and objective biomarker of fatigue, and has huge potential for use in various fields and industries. This article will review some of the previous and current salivary biomarkers of stress, as well as critically appraise the new salivary peptide test in terms of its accuracy, application and access. © Ting Chun Yi.
PubMed | Tokyo Women's Medical University, National Hospital Organization Mito Medical Center, University of Tsukuba, Katsuta Hospital Mito GammaHouse and 3 more.
Type: Journal Article | Journal: Journal of neurosurgery | Year: 2016
OBJECTIVE Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) without upfront whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) has influenced recent treatment recommendations for brain metastasis patients. However, in brain metastasis patients who undergo SRS alone, new brain metastases inevitably appear with relatively high incidences during post-SRS follow-up. However, little is known about the second SRS results. The treatment results of second SRS were retrospectively reviewed, mainly for newly developed or, uncommonly, for recurrent brain metastases in order to reappraise the efficacy of this treatment strategy with a special focus on the maintenance of neurological status and safety. METHODS This was an institutional review board-approved, retrospective cohort study that used a prospectively accumulated database, including 3102 consecutive patients with brain metastases who underwent SRS between July 1998 and June 2015. Among these 3102 patients, 859 (376 female patients; median age 64 years; range 21-88 years) who underwent a second SRS without WBRT were studied with a focus on overall survival, neurological death, neurological deterioration, local recurrence, salvage SRS, and SRS-induced complications after the second SRS. Before the second SRS, the authors also investigated the clinical factors and radiosurgical parameters likely to influence these clinical outcomes. For the statistical analysis, the standard Kaplan-Meier method was used to determine post-second SRS survival and neurological death. A competing risk analysis was applied to estimate post-second SRS cumulative incidences of local recurrence, neurological deterioration, salvage SRS, and SRS-induced complications. RESULTS The post-second SRS median survival time was 7.4 months (95% CI 7.0-8.2 months). The actuarial survival rates were 58.2% and 34.7% at 6 and 12 months after the second SRS, respectively. Among 789 deceased patients, the causes of death could not be determined in 24 patients, but were confirmed in the remaining 765 patients to be nonbrain diseases in 654 (85.5%) patients and brain diseases in 111 (14.5%) patients. The actuarial neurological death-free survival rates were 94.4% and 86.6% at 6 and 12 months following the second SRS. Multivariable analysis revealed female sex, Karnofsky Performance Scale score of 80% or greater, better modified recursive partitioning analysis class, smaller tumor numbers, and higher peripheral dose to be significant predictive factors for longer survival. The cumulative incidences of local recurrence were 11.2% and 14.9% at 12 and 24 months after the second SRS. The crude incidence of neurological deterioration was 7.1%, and the respective cumulative incidences were 4.5%, 5.8%, 6.7%, 7.2%, and 7.5% at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after the second SRS. SRS-induced complications occurred in 25 patients (2.9%) after a median post-second SRS period of 16.8 months (range 0.6-95.0 months; interquartile range 5.6-29.3 months). The cumulative incidences of complications were 1.4%, 2.0%, 2.4%, 3.0%, and 3.0% at 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months after the second SRS, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Carefully selected patients with recurrent tumors-either new or locally recurrent-are favorable candidates for a second SRS, particularly in terms of neurological status maintenance and the safety of this treatment strategy.
Nair S.,Macquarie University |
Nair C.H.,PrIME Biologics |
Moochhala S.,Clinical Research Center and
Open Biomarkers Journal | Year: 2015
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) currently affects people worldwide. Despite its multi-faceted origins and symptoms, and its myriad manifestations and outcomes, work is underway to understand the root causes of the disorder. Genetic studies, in particular, have focused on finding candidate genes for MDD, and investigating links between these genes and any particular group of people. It is hoped that these studies may shed light on the types of people that are commonly affected, and what factors make a person more or less vulnerable to depressive disorders. Multiple factors have been considered, including socioeconomic status, urban versus rural environments, ethnicity, lifestyle factors such as substance abuse and both pre- and post-natal early traumas. Through various methods, including network analyses and bioinformatics among others, significant links have been found between socioeconomic status, urban living, and MDD. Moreover, epigenetic links have been discovered between the prevalence of MDD and the prevalence of other diseases such as cardiovascular disease and other forms of mental illness, making it clear that environment plays a key role in overall health and wellbeing. While no statistically significant link between ethnicity and MDD has been found in candidate genes thus far despite certain ethnicity-based polymorphisms influencing clinical outcomes with different treatments, it is much more apparent that urban environments and early stress contribute to the prevalence of MDD. © Nair et al.; Licensee Bentham Open.
PubMed | Clinical Research Center and and Ecole Normale Superieure de Paris
Type: Journal Article | Journal: The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience | Year: 2015
Autistic traits span a wide spectrum of behavioral departures from typical function. Despite the heterogeneous nature of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there have been attempts at formulating unified theoretical accounts of the associated impairments in social cognition. A class of prominent theories capitalizes on the link between social interaction and visual perception: effective interaction with others often relies on discrimination of subtle nonverbal cues. It has been proposed that individuals with ASD may rely on poorer perceptual representations of other peoples actions as returned by dysfunctional visual circuitry and that this, in turn, may lead to less effective interpretation of those actions for social behavior. It remains unclear whether such perceptual deficits exist in ASD: the evidence currently available is limited to specific aspects of action recognition, and the reported deficits are often attributable to cognitive factors that may not be strictly visual (e.g., attention). We present results from an exhaustive set of measurements spanning the entire action processing hierarchy, from motion detection to action interpretation, designed to factor out effects that are not selectively relevant to this function. Our results demonstrate that the ASD perceptual system returns functionally intact signals for interpreting other peoples actions adequately; these signals can be accessed effectively when autistic individuals are prompted and motivated to do so under controlled conditions. However, they may fail to exploit them adequately during real-life social interactions.


text:
Food, drink and nightlife
As a true student city, Leicester has a huge variety of bars and clubs offering student nights and discounts, including MOSH, Republic and Blueprint. We have everything from champagne bars to real ale pubs and plenty of takeaways to end the night in true student style. Why not try one of Leicester's many dessert or milkshake bars for a different (and sugar-fuelled) evening?
Leicester's cultural diversity is reflected in the stunning range of cuisine available, with restaurants representing all corners of the globe. On top of all that, you can be safe in the knowledge that you will never be far from a great curry house.
For something a bit more familiar, Leicester's newly developed restaurant quarter has all the big names you'd expect, including Wagamama, Carluccio's, Turtle Bay, Chimichanga, Coast to Coast and Byron Burger.
Student blogger Owen talks about how Leicester compares to other cities.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Feb 11, 1992
|Filing date
|Jun 28, 1989
|Priority date
|Jun 28, 1989
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Jose R. Torre-Bueno
|Original Assignee
|American Innovision, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (53), Classifications (8), Legal Events (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention is in the field of video image color processing, and is particularly relevant to identification of colors in a video image signal.
In the field of video image processing, an image is scanned and rendered into a string of individual picture elements (pixels), each corresponding to an elemental portion of the image and representing the instantaneous value of optical characteristics of the portion of the image embodied in the pixel. In monochromatic television, light intensity is the attribute represented by a pixel. In digitized black and white television, a pixel is a multi-bit digital representation of light intensity. Pixels are presented serially in a standard scan format composed of lines, fields, and frames to represent an image.
A pixel in a color imaging system represents light intensity and other chromaticity characteristics which, when combined with intensity, represent the color of the portion of the image embodied in the pixel. Scanned color imaging systems correspond with monochromatic systems in that repeated concatenations of pixels represent a scanned image. Two well-known scanned color image representations are the NTSC and RGB forms.
Typical scanned color image systems are based upon one or more representations of color space. Here, color space refers to any one of a number of three-dimensional representations of all of the possible combinations of three predetermined color attributes. For example, a set of color elements can include hue, saturation, and intensity.
In U.S. Pat. No. 4,991,223 "APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR RECOGNIZING IMAGE FEATURES USING COLOR ELEMENTS", and commonly assigned with this application, a system is presented for recognition of objects in a scanned color image based upon classification of a color video signal by comparison with a set of defined colors. This patent is incorporated herein by reference.
The method and apparatus of the incorporated patent is based upon the concept of color as a location in three-dimensional space defined by color axes, and the optional concept of transforming the axes in color space to yield one axis corresponding to brightness (intensity) and two other axes representing non-intensity color elements. The system of the incorporated application can be understood with reference to FIG. 1 which shows a cube 10 representing color space, the color space being defined by three mutually orthogonal axes, 12, 14, and 16. Each orthogonal axis corresponds to a color element. The color elements can be, for example, the R-Y, B-Y, and Y channels of a color video system. The cube 10 represents all colors which the color processing system of this invention can process. In the operation of the system in the incorporated patent application, a set of colors to be identified in a video image is defined. Each defined color is established by three separate thresholds for the three channels of video color. A video color is accepted by the system of the incorporated patent as a defined color if it is within all three thresholds as determined by the system. In this regard, three thresholds in FIG. 1 are indicated by th.1, th.2, and th.3. Each of the thresholds represents a range of color element magnitudes on one of the respective axes 12, 14, or 16. The three thresholds define mutually perpendicular slabs in color space whose intersection is mapped by the rectangular space 20. The rectangular space essentially establishes the defined color which is achieved by combining the three color elements in the magnitude ranges represented by the three thresholds of FIG. 1.
The system of the incorporated patent operates effectively to discriminate between colors contained in non-intersecting rectangular solids of color space. However, there is a need to discriminate colors which might lie within a rectangular region formed by the intersection of two rectangular solids. In particular, two partially shadowed objects whose hue and brightness are the same and which differ only in saturation appear as two ovoids in color space which lie one on top of the other. This is illustrated in FIG. 2 by the ovoid solids 22 and 24. Inspection of FIG. 2 will reveal that the rectangular approach based upon the thresholds of FIG. 1 cannot establish a set of three thresholds for definition of the colors in the ovoid 22 which will always distinguish colors in a solid defined by three other thresholds which contains the colors of the ovoid 24.
The invention is founded upon the inventor's critical observation that arbitrary volumes in three dimensional color space can be formed to define a color by taking all of the pairwise combinations of the three color space channels to establish three compound color components whose intersection in color space can form a volume of arbitrary shape. This is illustrated in FIG. 3, where the three perpendicular axes 12, 14, and 16 of FIG. 1 are relabeled as, respectively, channel 1, channel 2, and channel 3 (ch1, ch2, and ch3, respectively) to represent three color element channels of a standard color video system. For example, these three channels could be the R-Y, B-Y, and Y channels of a color video system. The three channels are combined pairwise to form three arbitrary two-dimensional shapes 28, 30, and 32. Each of these shapes is represented on a color space plane defined by a respective pair of the intersecting axes. Thus, for example, the two-dimensional shape 28 is on a plane parallel to axes 12 and 16 and perpendicular to the axes 14. The three two-dimensional shapes are projected positively from the three axes, and the intersecting projections form the solid 40. It should be evident to those skilled in the art that any arbitrary combination of two sets of values on two channels can be designated as belonging to an identified color. Hereinafter, such an arbitrary combination of two values is referred to as a "compound color component" since it compounds arbitrary magnitude sets of a pair of color elements in three-dimensional color space.
The invention is based upon combining the three channels of FIG. 3 in all three possible pairwise combinations, and then combining the three pairwise combinations to identify colors in a defined set of colors in a video image composed of the three channels. Instead of designating the defined colors as the intersection of color space slabs, a color identified by this invention is the intersection of arbitrary areas on the faces of the color cube. Thus summarized, the invention makes possible the definition of colors occupying more complex volumes in color space than rectangular solids. In particular, the shapes in color space that real objects in a color video image assume when shadowed can be identified.
Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide for identification of colors in a color video image based upon the combination of compound color components which are formed by pairwise combinations of mutually distinct color element magnitudes.
When the following detailed description is read with reference to the below-described drawings, it will become evident that the invention achieves this objective and provides other significant advantages and features.
FIG. 1 illustrates the representation of color space as a cube and the identification of colors contained in that space by thresholds defined on three perpendicular edges of the cube.
FIG. 2 illustrates a pair of ovoid solids in the cubic color space of FIG. 1 containing colors which cannot be discriminated by the concept of FIG. 1.
FIG. 3 illustrates how compound color components formed by pairwise combination of color channels are used in the invention to identify colors contained in non-rectangular color space solids.
FIG. 4 illustrates the structure and interconnection of a color identification apparatus which operates according to the concept of FIG. 1.
FIG. 5 illustrates the color identification apparatus of this invention.
FIG. 6 illustrates a composite memory map for memory circuits in the apparatus illustrated in FIG. 5.
FIG. 7 illustrates a tabulation of colors identified in predetermined image zones of an image.
As used herein, "video color" or "color" refers to a unique combination of magnitude in all of three mutually distinct color elements or color channels. "Defined color" is taken as a region of color space occupied by some number of video colors or colors, all of which are considered to be equivalent for identification purposes. Last, a "zone" is a spatial zone within an image which is used to define an object of a certain size and color.
The apparatus illustrated in FIG. 4 corresponds to the apparatus of the incorporated patent and implements the concept of color identification based upon the intersection of three orthogonally distinct color element ranges. This concept is discussed in the Background section of this application and illustrated in FIG. 1. In FIG. 4, color element signals R-Y, B-Y, and Y, also referred to as "color channels", are provided conditionally from means omitted from FIG. 4 but illustrated in FIG. 3 of the incorporated patent which render a composite color video signal into the component color element signals illustrated in FIG. 4. As is known, the R-Y, B-Y, and Y color element signals form the basis for a cartesian representation of cubic color space as per FIGS. 1, 2, and 3.
Each of the color element signals is provided to a respective one of three analogs to digital (A/D) converters 50, 51, and 52. The converters operate conventionally to convert the analog forms of the color element signals into multi-bit signals which change at the rate of a PIXEL CLOCK signal. The PIXEL CLOCK signal conventionally establishes the pixel rate of the video signal from which the color element signals are derived. Thus, the output of any of the converters 50, 51, and 52 is an 8-bit word whose value reflects the instantaneous magnitude of the color element signal being converted. The multi-bit signals provided by the converters 50, 51, and 52 are updated at the PIXEL CLOCK rate.
Completing the description of the structure of FIG. 4, each of the multi-bit words output by the converters 50, 51, and 52 is fed to the address (ADDR) port of a respective one of three memories 55, 56, and 57. The memories are conventional 256�8 arrays, each having a DATA port through which an 8-bit word stored at the currently-addressed memory location is provided. The three 8-bit words currently output by the memories 55, 56, and 57 are conducted on respective 8-bit signal paths 60, 61, and 62 to an array of eight AND gates 70-77. The outputs of the AND gates are fed in parallel to process circuitry 80.
Each of the AND gates 70-77 has four inputs, three fed by identically-located bits of the 8-bit words conducted on signal paths 60, 61, and 62. Thus, for example, AND gate 75 receives the sixth bit of each of the 8-bit words output by the memories 55, 56, and 57. Further, each of the AND gates receives a respective one of eight ENABLE signals. Therefore, if the third bit of each of the 8-bit words currently output by the memories 55-57 is set and the ENABLE2 signal is activated, the output of the AND gate 72 will go high.
The concept of FIG. 1 is implemented in FIG. 4 by the 8-bit words which are preloaded into memories 55-57. In this regard, the map of each of the memories 55-57 is a 256�8 array in which each of the eight stored bit columns corresponds to a predetermined color, while each of the 256 addressable locations at which the 8-bit words of a memory are stored corresponds to the instantaneous magnitude of the converted color element signal feeding the converter which addresses the memory. This permits each of the memories 55-57 to serve as a threshold range detector for one of the orthogonal axes of FIG. 1. For example, assume that the converters 50, 51, and 52 are associated, respectively, with the axes 12, 14, and 16 of FIG. 1. Then, the threshold range on the axis 12 denoted as th.1 in FIG. 1 would be given by a sequence of addresses in the memory 55. The range could be assigned to any one of eight colors, each of the colors associated with a respective one of the eight bits in the words stored in th.1 address range. In this regard, it is asserted that th.1 corresponds to a magnitude range of 210-220 for channel 1, which, when converted digitally, corresponds to the address spaces included in the address range beginning at 11010010 and ending at 11100001. This magnitude range could be assigned to any one of eight different defined colors by assigning a respective color to a particular bit position for the stored words. This is illustrated in Table I where bit position one of the stored word corresponds with color number 1 in a set of eight colors. As illustrated in Table I, channel 1 contributes a threshold to color 1 in the address locations corresponding to the magnitudes 213-220. Each of the other memories 56 and 57 is similarly programmed to establish threshold ranges establishing the contribution of the respective color element represented by the memory to each of the eight defined colors of a defined color set.
Next, it is recalled that correspondingly-positioned bits of the memories 55, 56, and 57 connected to the same one of the eight AND gates 70-77. Therefore, for each PIXEL CLOCK cycle that the R-Y color element signal has a magnitude in the range corresponding to address locations 213-220, the bit in position 1 of the addressed word provided through the DATA port of the memory 55 will be set. If the identically-positioned bits in the 8-bit words output by the memories 56 and 57 are also set, and if the ENABLE 0 signal is activated, the output of the AND gate 70 will be activated.
Activation of the output of any one of the AND gates 70-77 indicates identification of the defined color corresponding to the bit position feeding the AND gate in the current pixel of the video signal.
Refer now to FIG. 5 for an understanding of how this invention improves the fundamental structure of FIG. 4. In FIG. 5, three converters 90-92 provide multi-bit signals at the PIXEL CLOCK rate in the manner described in connection with FIG. 4. The converters 90-92 are connected to provide address inputs to three memories 95-97. Each of the memories is an R�N array having address (ADDR) and DATA ports. Each array stores 22R words, each word comprising N bits. N AND gates, two indicated by 98 and 99, are connected, as described above to the three memories 95, 96, and 97. In this respect, each AND gate receives three bits, each bit provided by one of the three N-bit words currently provided by memories 95, 96, and 97; further the three bits occupy identical bit positions in the three words.
The improvement of the invention lies in the addressing and memory map layout of each of the memories 95, 96, and 97. As illustrated, the ADDR port of each of the memories 95-97 concatenates the two R-bit words output by a respective two of the three converters 90-92. Thus, the memory 95 concatenates, at its ADDR port, the two current R-bit words output by the converters 90 and 91. Similarly, the memories 96 and 97 concatenate the R-bit words output by the converters 90 and 92, and 91 and 92, respectively. Therefore, the address of each word in each of the memories combines the current magnitudes of two of the three color element signals obtained from the input video signal. This permits a 1-to-1 mapping of a two-dimensional color space area forming one of three compound color components of one of N defined colors into the map of each of the memories 95-97. The mapping is onto a bit position representing the particular defined color in the range of magnitudes of the two color elements embraced by the two-dimensional shape on the color cube face of FIG. 3 defined by the two color elements. Thus, a bit in the ith position of an N bit word output by one of the three memories indicates that the current magnitudes of the two color elements providing the address input for that memory are contained in the compound color component area for that color.
The outputs of the N AND gates in FIG. 5 indicate whether the current pixel of the video image has a color value contained in the one of the color space solids formed by intersecting projections of three compound color components.
Representative memory maps and interconnections of the memories 95-97 and AND gates 98 and 99 are represented in FIG. 6. FIG. 6 illustrates how the memories 95, 96, and 97 are mapped, and how the compound color component words in those memories activate the AND gates 98 and 99 to provide identification of color. In FIG. 6, a portion of the map of 95 extending from address (i-1) through (i+1) is shown. Similarly, the portion of the compound color component words stored in memory 96 from address location (j-1) through (j+1) and the component words stored in memory 97 from (k-1) through (k+1) are shown. The compound color component words are 8-bit words, indicating that eight colors are defined. Therefore, eight AND gates are required, with the gate 98 being denoted as the identification gate for defined color 1 and the gate 99 being the identification gate for defined color 8. Assume now that the converted color element magnitudes produced by the converters 90 and 91 provided to the memory 95 on signal lines 102 and 103 (FIG. 5) concatenate to i, that the color element magnitudes on signal lines 105 and 106 of FIG. 5 concatenate to j, while the color element magnitudes on signal lines 108 and 109 of FIG. 5 concatenate to a value k. In this case, the of bits in bit position 1 of the ith, jth, and kth compound color component words in memories 95, 96, and 97, respectively, are conducted to the inputs of AND gate 98, indicating that the defined color identified by bit position 1 of the compound color component words is present in the current pixel. In this case, since the AND gate 98 is conventional, its output will activate to indicate identification of the defined color.
Further describing the structure and operation of FIG. 5, the components 90-92, 95-97, and 98-99 all operate at the PIXEL CLOCK rate. Relatedly, the outputs of the N AND gates provide an N-bit color identification word once each PIXEL CLOCK cycle. It should be evident that a succession of identically- colored pixels will produce a succession of identical N-bit words from the AND gates. Pixel color change resulting in a change in defined color from one pixel to the next will be indicated by non-equality of adjacent color identification words.
Processing of the color identification words produced by the AND gates is done in circuitry consisting of a conventional programmable memory 120, a programmable dual-ported frame buffer 121, a programmable high-speed dual ported memory 122, and an adder 126.
The memory 120 is conventional and may be a dual ported device with one port (not shown) dedicated to programming, and the other (ADDR/DATA) to output of programmed information. The ADDR port of the memory 120 receives the N bit color identification word output by the AND gates. The purpose of this memory is to serve as a priority encoder to resolve cases in which a single video color is defined as belonging to more than one defined color. If it is conceded that the set of colors defined in the memories 95-87 can overlap, there are 2N possible color identification words which the AND gates can produce. These range from 0, indicating that the color of the current pixel is none of the defined colors, to 2N -1, indicating that the current pixel's color is within all of the defined colors. The memory 120 is used, preferably, to resolve ambiguities wherein the color identification word indicates more than one identified color. Assuming that N=8, ambiguity resolution can be accomplished by programming the memory 120 as indicated in Table II.
TABLE II______________________________________ADDRESS DIGITALLOCATION VALVE______________________________________1 02 14 28 316 432 564 6128 7All Others 8______________________________________
Thus, the digital values 0-7 output from the DATA port of the memory 120 indicate that the current pixel non-ambiguously possesses one of the defined colors 1-8. The number 8 provided through the DATA port of the memory 120 indicates no defined color, or an ambiguous combination of two or more defined colors. It will be evident that more complex transforms can be programmed into the memory 120. For example, if the designer desired to separately count pixels whose colors are members of defined colors 1, 2, and 3, the location whose memory 120 binary address is 00000111 could be loaded with a 9.
A standard dual port frame buffer 121 is provided, which operates in response to the PIXEL CLOCK signal and to the vertical synchronization signal (VSYNCH) provided by the system which produces the video signal rendered into the color element signals. The buffer 121 is dual ported in that it has a data port (D1) from which stored frame buffer information is provided at a video rate (synchronized to the PIXEL CLOCK signal), and an address send data port (D2) through which frame buffer information can be input from a CPU (not shown). In the circuit illustrated in FIG. 5, the frame buffer 121 stores zone codes, the number of zones corresponding to the depth of the buffer. If the buffer is 8 bits deep, there are 256 possible zones which can be defined for a standard video frame. Each pixel which is a member of a given zone is so flagged by writing the zone number into the frame buffer location for that pixel. The frame buffer 121 outputs through its video port (D1) the zone number of each pixel while that pixel is being received by way of the color elements the synchronization between the converters 90-92 and the frame buffer output 121 being provided by the PIXEL CLOCK and the SYNCH signals which also drive the source of the video signal. The zone information for the current pixel output through the video port D1 is available, together with the word output by the memory 120 at the address (ADDR) port of a dual-ported, read-modify-write, video rate memory 122. The read-modify-write operation of the memory 122 must be completed in one cycle of PIXEL CLOCK. Therefore, the memory operates at a rate at least thrice the PIXEL CLOCK rate.
The memory 122 and adder 126, together, form a video rate counter, which creates the array illustrated in FIG. 7. FIG. 7 illustrates an array in the form of a Table created by operation of the memory 122 and adder 126 in processing one frame of video information. In one video frame, the counter counts, for each zone, the number of pixels in the zone which have a video color within each color of the defined set. Thus, for example, in one frame, the number of pixels in zone 1 having the color identified as 1 in the defined color set is 100 (decimal). Returning to FIG. 5, the Table is created by initializing the memory 122 to all zeros, and then combining the pixel zone designation output by the frame buffer 121 and the color identification code output by the memory 120 to the address port of the memory 122. Initially, the value at the current address will be 0, which will be output through the DATA 1 port of the memory 122 to one input of the adder 126, and incremented by one by the adder 126 to form a sum which is re-entered to the same location through the DATA 2 port of the memory 122. (The "1" input to the left hand port of the adder 126 increments the value input to the right hand port by one.) Thereafter, each time this location is addressed, its contents will be incremented by one in the read-increment-write process just described
The application of the system of FIG. 5 is manifold. For example, in a robot system which inspects an assembly line of colored objects, the inspection system can be taught to recognize important objects by assigning a defined color characteristic to each object. Next, zones are defined specifying where each important object should be in a video image frame. Then, the system is provided with an ideal arrangement of parts in the form of a stored frame of video in which the parts appear as objects, and the system is taught the correct range of counts that should be found in the Table of FIG. 7 for an acceptable assembly of objects. During run time inspection, the system camera views the assemblies as they pass a monitoring point, and the apparatus of FIG. 5 generates an example of the Table illustrated in FIG. 7 for each assembly viewed. This table is compared to the stored acceptance range Table based upon the ideal assembly, and the assembly currently inspected is accepted or rejected, according to how much it deviates from the correct values of the ideal assembly.
Although the invention for which patent protection is sought has been described in the context of a preferred embodiment, those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations, modifications, and elaborations can be made to the above teachings. For example, the multi-bit words produced by the converters 90-92 can be any width, and need not be equal. These are selected to match or exceed the precision of the video camera providing the R-Y, B-Y, and Y signals. The widths of the compound color component words stored and provided by the memories 95-97 must be equal (to N) and are chosen according to the number of objects which a system is to recognize. N-bit words means that an identification system would recognize N types of defined colors, plus a background color and any other combination colors desired. The color identification word produced by the AND gates must also equal N, the width of the compound color component word stored in the memories 95-97. The information stored in the memory 120 must be provided by a word having enough bits to encode the number of types of objects which a system must recognize, plus background. Generally, the width of the address of the memory 120 (A) must be chosen such that N is less than or equal to 2A. The frame buffer words can be any width sufficient to define the number of spatial regions to be examined in one video field. The width of the words stored in the memory 122 must equal the sum of the width of the words stored in the frame buffer 121 and the memory 120. Preferably, the width of the words in the memory 122 is enough that the number of pixels in the largest object expected will not cause an overflow.
While I have described several preferred embodiments of my invention, it should be understood that further modifications and adapatations thereof will occur to persons skilled in the art. Therefore, the protection afforded my invention should only be limited in accordance with the scope of the following claims.
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|Automated system for combining bright field and fluorescent microscopy
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|Chromavision Medical Systems, Inc., A California Corporation
|Automated detection of objects in a biological sample
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|Apr 15, 2004
|Chromavision Medical Systems, Inc., A California Corporation
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|Jun 3, 2004
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Method and apparatus for color conversion
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|Jun 24, 2004
|Presley Hays
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|U.S. Classification
|348/592, 348/599, 358/523
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 14, 1989
Owner name: AMERICAN INNOVISION, INC., CALIFORNIA
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Harlan Greene eBooks
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The German Officer's Boy
Harlan Greene
University of Wisconsin Press, March 2005
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Bleach not only keeps your bright clothes bright, but is also a great anti-septic that can kill bacteria which may have been left behind by rodents. Mix 1 part bleach to 10 parts water and wipe down countertops as well as the inside of all kitchen drawers and cabinets to ensure a deep clean.
Cleaning With Bleach
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Date: Thursday 23 April 2015
Time: 10:30am – 12:30pm
Venue: AMES Headquarters
Address: Level 4, 1 Little Collins St Melbourne VIC 3000
RSVP by: Thursday 23 April 2015
The Economic and Social Impact of the Karen Resettlement in Nhill by The Assistant Minister for Employment, The Hon. Luke Hartsuyker MP.
With more than one third of regional Victoria in population decline, this new and timely collaboration between AMES and Deloitte Access Economics measures the economic and social value that migrant and refugee resettlement brings to rural communities.


text:
Kingstown Bevan - Hull
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Our family portrait session take place in the comfort of your own home were you and the kids can relax and enjoy a fun, stress free photo shoot.
At Go!photo we encourage creativity during our photo sessions and want your images to reflect who you and your family are. As a result you will receive stunning natural images that you will cherish and look back on for years to come.
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So I'm shopping around (ie procrastinating actually working) and trying to find a replacement. I don't use "free" antivirus because nothing related to the internet is free. If you aren't the consumer, you're the product.
- TrendMicro's Titanium - huge marks on various tests (their Android version is also highly recommended)
- Bitdefender - decent marks but well loved (I like their "sphere" version which allows unlimited installs, including Android, for the life of the contract)
Any others?
Any recommendations?
Apnea Board Moderator
Breathe deeply and count to zen.


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Discussion in 'Android Devices' started by funksplutter, Oct 20, 2010.
Samsung UK have confirmed no upgrade until next month.
I bet after November they will delay it until January 2011, by then Android 3.0 will be out, typical Samsung. We might not like Apple a lot but they do take care of their products better, be it even the most recent ones only.
Would not be at all surprised, to be honest I'm likely to have given the Galaxy S up as a bad job by then.
Where is it a quote from?
The Samsung UK official Twitter account.
Yeah I saw this on twitter too, so I tweeted back telling them they are useless!
How can we be told we will get it in September then told November? TWO months? I'm sure Froyo doesn't need TWO months of messing with!
At this rate by the time we actually receive Froyo, my 2 year contract will be up, I'll have a totally different phone, and we'll all be driving flying cars!
Well i think the reason for the delay could be because samsung know that the gps issue hasnt been resolved and whatevet fix was incorporated into the froyo release hasnt worked.
I managed to install the release using kies and generally its very good.
The gps though is still utterly useless. Yesterday i drove to glasgow using copilot on the phone. Travelling over a bridge the software had me somewhere in a side street, missing my junction off the motorway.
I tried my tracks and the trace was laughable as i cycled home from work. At times i was 3 streets away.
so this is why i think its delayed again. They cannot fix it so they keep stalling hoping for a solution rather than face a mass recall.
the gps is obviouly a hardware issue and they stated they would fix it when froyo came out.
hence the failed release.
If it's for a better froyo update I'm OK with waiting.
Don't get me wrong I'm growing (VERY) impatient myself, but the last thing I want is to upgrade, just to scramble looking for ways to get back on Eclair...
The gods must be crazy........
I dont think tbere is much wrong with froyo itself. Its all running very well.
only issue is deleating emails is still painfully slow.
i upgraded because i needed flash on the internet browser.
Everything else is great.
gps is so unreliable though that i now know samsung cannot fix it.
Design fault or hardware fault. Probably design fault otherwise new phones would be fixed.
if samsung release froyo with no magic fix then the floodgates are open for complaints and returned phones.
If people release a date for something to be released why prospone it time and time again, Samsung meet your deadlines.
So, we think the delays are because of the GPS being "buggy" at best.
I wouldn't be half as irritable about it if they TOLD us why it was being pushed back...
I hope for their sake Froyo is good, otherwise the backlash and complaints will be painful for them.
It's not just about the GPS. There are quite a few factors which have thrown spanner after spanner in the works and unless you have been keeping up with the whole situation of events then it will be extremely difficult to unfold the sad story to newcomers.
Yes, I completely agree Samsung have a moral duty in keeping their public fully aware of the sorry situation.
Simply issuing a public statement that it is delayed again is not enough.
Instead of moaning about it here, do something constructive and get down to your local Samsung outlets and fill out any forms they have stating you are not happy.
Next, hit as many Samsung sites as you can again stating your dissatisfaction.
Finally take your frustration to the web bloggers and post your feelings in there.
In other words you will not get any ears from Samsung listening here but you will certainly get their attention if you take it to their door.
If you use Twitter you can bug them on there as well e.g. samsungukmobile
I don't accept that.
My big problem with Samsung is their KEIS software which is horrible.
Delaying this update is a pretty smart move by them and I completely agree with it.
This update has to sort GPS, provide 2.2 and sort the lag. If they don't do all 3 at once then another update is required later. If it's at all possible to do at least 2 of them within the next couple of months then they're better waiting until they can do both at once.
It's all very well for us tech savvy people who want our updates and we want them now, but the bulk of Samsungs customers will be less competent than us and it's already quite taxing having them do one update (and the associated bricking, and failing etc) than doing two or even three.
From my viewpoint (I'm not following this particularly deeply) I expect them to deliver 2.2 and GPS fix in the same update, and I'm hopeful but not betting on them sorting out the lag at the same time. I'm not too bothered about the lag, I can just lagfix it myself with the app, but it'd be nice to get an official fix done.
mine all ready froyo kies hack


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SUGIHWARAS, Indonesia (AP) — A major volcanic eruption on Indonesia's most heavily populated island blasted clouds of ash and debris 18 kilometers (12 miles) into the air on Friday, killing two people while forcing authorities to evacuate more than 100,000 and close six airports.The explosive overnight eruption of Java island's Mount Kelud could be heard up to 200 kilometers (125 miles) away, Indonesia's disaster agency said."The eruption sounded like thousands of bombs exploding," Ratno Pramono, a 35-year-old farmer, said after returning from an evacuation center to check on his property in the village of Sugihwaras, around five kilometers (three miles) from the crater. "I thought doomsday was upon us. Women and children were screaming and crying."Ash and grit fell to earth in towns and cities across the region, including Surabaya, Indonesia's second-largest city after Jakarta, with a population of about 3 million. It also fell even farther afield in Yogyakarta, where motorists switched on headlights in daylight, and lay five centimeters (two inches) deep in some places.A 60-year-old man and a 65-year-old woman were killed in the village of Pandansari near the mountain when the roofs of their homes collapsed under the weight of the ash and volcanic debris unleashed during the eruption, the disaster agency said.


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University of Pittsburgh's latest HHMI grant will help improve how science is taught and will be used to expand students' opportunities for mentorship and peer-to-peer support.
The standard model for undergraduate research has a lot going for it, says Graham Hatfull, chair of the biology department at the University of Pittsburgh (Pitt). Students spend a summer or two doing a research project, often get drawn in by the experience of first-hand discovery, and sometimes go on to graduate or medical school. "It's all positive," he says. But there is room for improvement at many institutions, he adds: "The concern that we have is that it lacks community."
With support from HHMI, Hatfull and his colleagues have been working to bring that crucial element into undergraduate research. Rather than placing students in labs and leaving them alone for the summer, the program is structured so students can continually learn from one another. A portion of the university's latest HHMI grant—which will also help improve how science is taught—will be used to expand students' opportunities for mentorship and peer-to-peer support.
Students start the summer with a two-week workshop, where they learn basic techniques in molecular biology. Then they split off to work in the research labs where they'll spend the summer. They have formal and informal opportunities to discuss their research with peers and get valuable feedback. In pairs, they go to regular mentoring sessions, where they talk about issues such as how to help someone learn a technique or how to resolve conflicts. Hatfull says it is part of developing successful members of the research community. "I think that with the opportunity to do a cutting-edge research project comes the responsibility to serve as an educator," he says, adding that becoming an educator often starts with becoming a mentor.
The fabric of community created in Pitt's summer program will now stretch into the academic year, where students will work under the mentorship of a postdoctoral researcher in a new facility dedicated to undergraduate research. The teams of students will work toward a common research goal—aligned with the research interests of the mentoring postdoc. The approach enables students to bring their interests and skills to an interdisciplinary setting, where they are encouraged to share ideas and solve problems together. Students benefit, and the postdoc gains experience teaching undergraduates and running a research team.


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Mark Streit will not be signing a contract extension before Wednesday's 3 p.m. trade deadline, it appears.
But unless Islanders general manager Garth Snow receives a trade offer than he couldn't possibly refuse -- and that would have to include a first-round draft pick -- Streit, the Islanders captain, still will be with them through the end of the season.
Sources told Newsday that Streit, who is in the final season of a five-year, $20.5 million deal, is seeking a three-year extension for more than the $4.75 million per year Lubomir Visnovsky signed for on Friday. That may be too steep a commitment for Snow, but the same sources indicated the GM is not looking to unload Streit, given the Islanders' playoff push.
Streit has said repeatedly that he wants to remain with the Islanders beyond this season, and Pat Brisson, his agent -- also John Tavares' rep -- has been talking with Snow for more than a month about a new deal.
After Wednesday's deadline, the sides will have until July 5, the first day of free agency, to keep talking. Streit came into Tuesday night's game leading the Islanders defensemen with five goals and 13 assists, but his minus-15 rating was worst on the team.
Strome scores in AHL
While Anders Lee had a goal in his first period of NHL action Tuesday night against Winnipeg, Ryan Strome, the Isles' 2011 first-round pick, did the same in his pro debut with Bridgeport. Strome scored for the Sound Tigers in the opening period of their game in Worcester, Mass., a day after reporting to the team following the elimination of his Niagara squad from the OHL playoffs. Strome could be called up by the Islanders down the stretch.


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This morning as I was outside thanking God for the new day and all the blessings he has bestowed on me, the local "homeless" (Wild) cat that comes around showed up wanting her breakfast. She has been coming around for a year or more, and Jennifer and I feed her and talk to her.
Anyway, I welcomed her as she appeared, and got her bowl of food. She ran over and stopped under the little trailer in the car port as she always does so I placed her bowl down in its spot. This morning though, I scratched the ground in front of her and talked softly. She allowed me to get within one foot of her this morning without moving or showing any fear.
We feed her and love her simply because she is a beautiful creation of God. This is what LOVE really is, doing something for another that can do nothing for you in return. Expecting nothing in return for your love.
How many of you do this, or better yet do this for another human? Would you get up each day and go offer a meal to the man living on the corner, or the family that lives in boxes out in the trees near town?There are many of you out there that love animals and advocate for animal rights, post Facebook posts about animal cruelty etc. So how much more should you love and care for your fellow-man?
Jesus commanded us to love our neighbor as ourselves. As seen in Matthew 22 we learn that the greatest commandment from God is to Love.
The Greatest Commandment
34 Hearing that Jesus had silenced the Sadducees, the Pharisees got together. 35 One of them, an expert in the law, tested him with this question: 36 "Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?"
37 Jesus replied: "Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind." 38 This is the first and greatest commandment. 39 And the second is like it: Love your neighbor as yourself. 40 All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments."
So knowing that love is nothing more than caring for and doing for another without expectation of return, these scriptures say it all. Love has nothing to do with acceptance of behavior, or sex, but is the greatest action we can take.
We are all born in sin, we are all sinners in God's eyes because of the fall of man as stated in Genesis. However we all have the ability to be redeemed (Saved) by accepting Jesus as out savior, giving our lives to him, admitting our sinful status, and making the changes we need to live as Jesus taught.
Everything we do outside of God's commandments, outside of Jesus' commands is sin. That is the definition of sin, actions or thoughts taken without the spirit of God guiding us. Jesus' last words "Father forgive them for they know not what they do" granted God's forgiveness to us all from that point on. However in order to be saved we need to ask Jesus into our hearts, accept his forgiveness, admit our sins, and then go on living while making every attempt to denounce sin in our lives. The unconditional forgiveness we received from God is only valid if we ever after make an attempt to improve ourselves and live as God commands.
Luke 23:34 Jesus said, "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing." And they divided up his clothes by casting lots.
Nothing in any of this says we should accept behavior that is outside of God's commands, nothing in this says we should allow sinners to influence our own thinking or actions. We accept and love others as ourselves without regard to their status with Jesus, however we are not asked to approve of, or accept sinful behavior.
In fact, we are commanded to flee from sin:
1 Corinthians 6:18 Flee from sexual immorality. All other sin(s) a person commits are outside the body, but whoever sin(s) sexually, sins against their own body.
So, the message here is that we should love each other, support each other and love God, however we also should flee from sin by living as Jesus taught, and by admonishing those that are lost and need Jesus' guidance. Hating sin, and trying to share guidance is not hating the person, it is actually the unconditional love I speak of.


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Edible Images
Edible Images are digital photos or drawings printed with edible inks onto edible paper to place on cakes, cookies and chocolates. Here at Cakes Around Town, we pride ourselves on offering the best products in the industry. You can buy a range of cartridges and edible paper at fantastic prices.
We supply edible image sheets and edible ink cartridges for Canon Printers, we also supply preprinted designs from Lucks, including designer sheets, toppers and more.
If you are wanting a custom printed edible image, we are once again printing. Please see our selection of customised edible images available.
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The Warehouse Café is the Brewery's unique arts café bar and cinema, and one of the most exciting and original venues in Kendal.
Mon - Fri: 10.00am - 4.00pm.
Sat: 10.00am - 3.00pm
Now available for hire Sundays.
Regional Suppliers & Local Recipes: On the site of Kendal's original brewery we're proud of our food & drink heritage. Our menu features many local products and Liz our chef is a keen champion of the great Cumbrian farm house baking tradition.
Take aways - The Warehouse Café serves food and drinks to take away.
HIRE THE WAREHOUSE - The Warehouse is a comfortable venue, fully kitted out with a state of the art sound system, p.a. video and its own bar. Available evenings and weekends - Call our box office on 01539 725133 to book.
FOOD & DRINK TWITTER - Follow @BreweryFoodies
The Brewery supports 'Challenge 25', if you are lucky enough to look under the age of 25 bar staff will ask for proof of age ID before serving you alcohol.


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Home > Kitchen > All Kitchen
Orla Kiely has an astounding eye for mixing pattern and colour which has led to the creation of some iconic retro motifs. Her creative talent in recent times has expanded to designing a vast collection of mid-century modern homewares.
A storage canister featuring a repeat print of Orla's elephants in hues of blue and red. Also available featuring the owl and hen patterns and as a set of three. Comes gift boxed. Designed in the UK.
Material: TinDimensions: H20cm x D10.5cmCare Instructions: Hand Wash Only
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