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1. Introduction
Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) has a population of 3.84 million (Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2010), and is located in the so-called Western Balkan region, surrounded by Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro – all of which gained their independence after the bloody dissolution of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia during the 1990s. The population of the country consists of three constituent peoples, Bosniaks (Muslims), Serbs (Orthodox) and Croats (Catholic), and several other minority groups.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is a heavily divided society which, even in late 2009, still lives the trauma of the recent war that lasted from 1992 until 1995. The war ended with a complex peace agreement, negotiated in the US military base of Dayton, Ohio, USA (Dayton Peace Agreement - DPA), which introduced territorial divisions and complex power-sharing arrangements to tame the conflict and keep the country together. The country now consists of two entities: The Republic of Srpska, which is administered by the Serbs and covers some 49% of the territory and the Federation of Bosnia-Herzegovina (FB&H), administered by the Croats and Bosniaks, covering 51% of the territory. The Federation B&H entity consists of 10 cantons, of which have a Croat majority, four a Bosniak majority, and two are evenly mixed. Additionally, there is also the District of Brcko, which is an independent unit that does not belong to either of the two entities. The Dayton Peace Agreement granted a broad set of powers to the Office of the High Representative for BiH (OHR), which has a mandate to impose laws and intervene in any sphere of the country's political or economic life (including media), in order to ensure the implementation of the peace agreement.
Such a complex political structure, and the slow post-war recovery, has determined the structure and the nature of the media landscape of the country. Between 1995 and the early 2000s, the media development was primarily guided by large international development and cooperation agencies and donors, who have invested significant amounts of money to help reconstruct, diversify, democratize and professionalize media outlets in BiH (Hozić, 2008; Thompson & De Luce, 2002; Kurspahić, 2003; Jusić, 2006).
Consequently, with the international intervention, some important developments have taken place, such as the creation of the independent Communication regulatory Agency, the adoption of a Press Code, the establishment of the Press Council, the decriminalization of label and defamation, the introduction of a rather advanced Freedom of Access to Information Law, and, last but not least, the transformation of the formerly state-owned broadcasters into the Public Service Broadcasting System. Nevertheless, as international intervention weakens, the pressures of local elites are mounting in an effort to scale back, when not completely undermine, these positive developments. Additionally, media and journalists have failed to professionalize, and there is still a high level of partisanship and political parallelism in the media, while the adherence to professional codes of conduct remains at rather low levels (see IREX, 2009).
2. Traditional Media
2.1 Print Media
According to the Press Council of BiH, there are 11 daily newspapers, 100 different types of magazines, 71 specialized magazines, and eight religious magazines in the country (BH Press Council, 2010a). All daily newspapers are privately owned.
In general, the print media market is highly underdeveloped. As a consequence, it is difficult to get any reliable data on the circulation of the country's main newspapers and magazines, since these outlets don't publish any circulation data, and there is no independent circulation bureau that collects such information (IREX, 2009). In general, circulation data are considered a business secret and are hard to get. The only available information is provided by independent market research agencies that collect readership data through surveys.
According to the data for 2006, provided by the GfK BiH market research agency, the daily paper Dnevni avaz is read by 36% of adults (older than 15 years of age), followed by Blic (10%), Glas Srpske, Večernje novosti and Večernji list (each with 4%). Daily newspapers are read by 74% of males and 63% of females. Approximately one third of population does not read newspaper at all (GfK BiH, 2006a).
Figure 1: Major daily newspapers in BiH and their advertising revenues in the month of January 2007
Dnevni avaz
418 318.38
Dnevni list
296 914.00
206 090.00
Nezavisne novine
156 583.00
Glas Srpske
109 780.00
Vecernji list
42 832.00
1 230 517.30
Source: Mareco Index Bosnia, 2006; published in Hozić, 2008:157.
Note: Advertising revenues are given in local currency Convertible Mark (KM). Exchange rate for EUR 1 = KM 1.95
Ethnicity plays an important role in reading patterns, so that newspapers based in one region of the country where an ethnic group is predominant, are not read in other parts of the country or by other ethnic groups. For example, while Dnevni avaz is published in Sarajevo, FBiH, and is primarily read by Bosniak population, Nezavisne novine from the city of Banja Luka, Republika Srpska, is read primarily by the Serb population. The same applies for all daily papers that target primarily the Croat population in BiH, such as Večernji list and Jutarnji list (GfK BiH, 2006a).
The rapid commercialization of media is particularly visible in magazines, where women's magazines from Croatia and Bosnia – Azra and Gloria – have taken lead, in front of serious political magazines, such as Dani and Slobodna Bosna.
Table 5: Reading rates of magazines
Reading rates (%)
Azra (women's magazine)
Gloria (Croatian women's magazine)
Dani (political magazine)
Slobodna Bosna (political magazine)
Express (weekly tabloid)
Source: IREX, Media Sustainability Index 2005; published in Hozić, 2008:158.
2.2 Radio
There are currently four radio channels operating within the Public Service Broadcasting System: BHRadio 1at a state level (part of the Public Broadcasting Service of BiH – BHRT), Radio FBiH and Radio 202 at a Federation of BiH entity level (part of Radio-Television of the Federation of BiH – RTVFBiH), and Radio Republika Srpska at a Republika Srpska entity level (part of Radio-Television of Republika Srpska – RTRS) (Communications Regulatory Agency, 2009).
Additionally, there are 144 radio stations active in the market. Out of the 144 stations, 65 are public and 79 are privately financed (ibid.). The total revenues within radio market reached EUR 15,000,000 in 2006. Around 60 percent of revenues comes from advertising, followed by public funding and programs sales. All indicators show that the radio market is highly fragmented: 60 percent of the market's revenues is distributed amongst more than 130 stations, while 40 percent is shared by the 10 leading radio stations. Not a single radio station makes more than 15 percent of the revenues (AGCOM & CRA, 2008). The following Figure 1 shows the distribution of the total market revenues among the three types of radio stations: Public Service Broadcasters, private and public stations.
Figure 1: Distribution of total revenues of the radio market in 2006
Source: CRA Survey, 2007, quoted in AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 141
According to the CRA report, the radio market often has cases with strong vertical integration with TV stations, cable operators, internet providers, and even marketing agencies. A number of radio stations are directly owned by municipal or cantonal governments, without much connection to other communications industry sectors (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 145). Hence, public financing remains the primary source of income for a significant number of public radio stations owned by municipal and cantonal governments (see Table 2).
Table 2: Public financing as percentage of income of public radio stations
Quota for public financing
No. of radio stations
> 50%
30% - 50%
< 30%
Source: CRA Survey, July 2006; quoted in AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 143
According to the data provided by GfK BH national survey for 2006 (GfK BiH, 2006b), some 22% respondents never listen to radio. Since the largest number of radio stations is of local character, some 48% of the national survey respondents primarily listen to different small local radio stations, which have less than 2% ratings each. According to this survey, 15% of respondents listen to Radio BN which has the best ratings in the country, followed by BH Radio 1 with 13%, and Radio Big 1 with 10%.
2.3 Television
There are three TV stations/channels operating within the Public Service Broadcasting system in BiH: BHT1at a state level (part of Public Broadcasting Service of BiH – BHRT), FTV at the level of the Federation BiH entity (part of Radio-Television of Federation of BiH – RTVFBiH), and RTRS at the level of the Republika Srpska entity (part of Radio-Television of Republika Srpska – RTRS) (Communications Regulatory Agency, 2009a). Additionally, there are 45 registered TV stations at local, regional, entity and state levels.
Out of that number, 30 are private and 15 are public TV stations (Communications Regulatory Agency, 2009b). Apart from the three stations operating within the Public Service Broadcasting system, two more can be seen in most of the country: OBN and PINK are the stations received by more than 2 million viewers in approximately 100 municipalities across the country. These two are followed by seven "medium size" TV stations that cover up to 50 municipalities and reach between 500.000 and 1.000.000 viewers. Most of the rest have a coverage area of less than 500,000 inhabitants in less than 16 municipalities, while a dozen TV stations have very limited coverage, between 1.500 and 80.000 viewers (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 110-111).
According to the latest available data for 2006, overall TV revenues were around 60.000.000 EUR, compared to 40.000.000 EUR in 2003. Advertising, with 45 percent, is the most important source of income, followed by RTV tax (monthly public service subscription), which amounts to 33 percent of the total market revenues, and is the exclusive income of Public Service Broadcasting system. Additionally, public financing is a significant and rather stable source of revenues for the broadcasting system, with approximately 4% (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 111-113). Certainly, the most important characteristic of the TV market is a steady and rather significant growth of total revenues across the years, especially from advertising and public service subscription (see Figure 2).
Figure 2: Total revenues of the terrestrial TV market in BiH by source
Source: RAK survey 2007; published in AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 113.
NOTE: All amounts in this graph are provided in the local currency "Convertible Mark" (KM). Standard exchange rate is EUR 1 = KM 1.95.
Overall, Public Service Broadcasting stations received more than 65 percent of the market revenue in 2006, while 20 percent was earned by three largest private broadcasters (NTV Hayat, Pink BH, and OBN). The rest of the smaller local and regional stations have to be satisfied with the remaining 15 percent of revenues (see Figure 3) (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 119).
Figure 3: TV market shares in 2006
Source: RAK survey 2007; quoted in AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 120
Although Public Service Broadcasters are still attracting the largest portion of market revenues, their audience shares are steadily decreasing. With the strengthening of the several larger commercial stations, and a significant penetration of the BiH market by neighbouring states' broadcasters (from Croatia and Serbia), Public Service Broadcasters are slowly but steadily loosing their audience to competition (see Table 3).
Table 3: TV audience share (2002-2004)
TV stations
Public broadcasters
Commercial TV networks
Foreign TV networks (Serbia, Croatia)
Other satellite TV
Source: Mareco Index Bosnia, 2006, published in Hozić, 2008: 154
The development of commercial market is visible clearly in Table 4, where one can follow the rapid decline of public broadcasters and the rise of commercial TV networks since 2002.
Table 4: Top TV Stations in BiH – Audience Shares 2002-2006
Source: Mareco Index Bosnia, 2006, published in Hozić, 2008: 155
In 2008, there were 51 companies licensed for cable TV programming distribution in BiH. CRA regulates the distribution of television programmes over cable network and issues licences to cable operators. In 2006, there were 210.000 TV households with access to cable networks, of which some 150.000 – around 15% of the total number of TV households - actually subscribed to cable TV services (AGCOM & CRA, 2008, 147). The cable TV market in the country is rapidly growing, from 3.3 million EUR in 2003 up to 10 million EUR by the end of 2006 (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 155).
According to the AGCOM & CRA 2008 report, "consumption of satellite television in Bosnia Herzegovina is remarkable" since nearly half of the 1.110.000 TV households are equipped to receive satellite programs (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 158).
As stated in the AGCOM & CRA report from 2008, "the concentration indicators confirm a fragmented scenario" without any single company dominating the TV market (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 121). This is also clearly visible from Table 3 and Table 4, which demonstrate a high level of market sharing dynamics, with new TV stations entering the market, and with the rapid erosion of the market position held so far by PBS and other consolidated TV networks (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 121). In terms of ownership, no single owner, except the government, owns directly more than one TV network (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 124).
2.4 Cinema
First film screening in BiH was organized on July 27, 1897, but a real institutional development of the film industry started only after World War II. Until today 120 feature films and hundreds of documentaries and short films were produced in the country (Udruzenje filmskih radnika Bosne i Hercegovine, 2008a). Some 20 feature films have been produced during the last decade, most of which were co-productions (Udruzenje filmskih radnika Bosne i Hercegovine, 2008b).
There are 50 cinema theatres with 7.409 film screenings in 2008 in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Out of that number, 503 were screenings of locally produced or co-produced films, while 6.906 were foreign movies. The total number of visitors dropped significantly, from 643.009 in 2003 to 236.517 in 2008 (Agency of Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2009: 18).
Figure 4: Domestic vs. Foreign Film screening in cinema in BiH 2003-2008
NOTE: Until 2008, the data on projections of domestic films in Republika Srpska entity refers to the films produced in any of the countries of former Yugoslavia. As of 2008, the data on domestic films only refers to films produced in BiH or co-produced by BiH and other countries.
Source: Agency of Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2009: 18.
During the 1990s, the film industry in BiH went through a deep crisis, due to the war that devastated the country. It is only in late 2002 that the "Fund for Cinematography" was established in Sarajevo, and has by now become the most important source of funding for film productions, and the only fund of that kind active in BiH today. The Fund for Cinematography provides funding for documentaries, short films, feature films, and distribution, and it also supports other institutions, such as the Association of Film Workers of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Fund for Cinematography is established and financed by the Ministry of Culture and Sport of the Government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina entity.
A very important role is played by the annual Sarajevo Film Festival, established in 1995, which has become one of the main regional film festivals, and an important engine for the promotion of BiH's film industry, putting special emphases on co-productions through its CineLink project.
2.5 Telecommunications
According to the AGCOM & CRA 2008 report, "the Decision on the telecommunication sector policy of Bosnia and Herzegovina, issued by the Council of Ministers on 28 March 2002, provides a time schedule for the gradual liberalisation of telecom services." (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 179)
Up until 2006, there ware three licenced fixed telecommunication operators:
- BH Telecom, Sarajevo, covering 51percent of the population of BiH and most of the territory of the Federation of BiH;
- Telekom Srpske, Banja Luka, covering 34 percent of the population of BiH, mainly in the territory of Republica Srpska;
- HT Mostar, covering 16 percent of the population of BiH, mainly in the Federation of BiH
Although the three operators have a licence for national voice services for the whole territory of BiH, they still maintain and "enjoy de facto monopolies of fixed network operations in their respective operating areas."(AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 180) In accordance with the planned liberalization of telecommunications market, since 2006 "the licence for fixed public telephony services...also includes provisions for offering the international services. (...)
Cost effective technology based on the Internet protocol (IP) can be used for voiced services, by usage of lieased, owned or combined infrastructure."(AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 181). Thanks to the liberalization process, since 2007 there is a number of new players entering the fixed telephony market and undermining the monopoly position of the three dominant telecom operators (Communications Regulatory Agency, 2009c). There were 1.022.475 subscribers to fixed telephony services in 2007, in comparison to 849.027 subsribers in 2001 (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 189).
Figure 5: Penetration of fixed telephony in BiH
Source: AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 190.
The mobile telephony sector features high competition among the three existing operators, since they operate GSM digital networks across the country. The three operators are:
- BH Telecom, Sarajevo (brand name BHMOBILE)
- Telekom Srpske, Banja Luka (brand name MTEL)
- HT Mostar (brand name HT ERONET) (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 182)
Mobile networks cover 99% of the population (Communications Regulatory Agency, 2008). There were in total 2.450.425 subscribes to mobile phone services in BiH in 2007, which was almost double the number of subscribers in 2004 (see Figure 6, below), which means that the level of penetration (number of subscribers per 100 inhabitants) of mobile telephony was 63.29 percent (see Figure 7, below) (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 192).
Figure 6: Number of mobile subscribers in BiH 2004-2007
Source: AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 192
Figure 7: Mobile penetration (Number of subscribers in mobile telephony in BH per 100 inhabitants) 2004-2007
Source: AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 193
There still is a strong resistance to the privatization of state-owned telecom operators, so that two out of three operators are still owned mainly by the state: 90% of BH Telekom and 50.103 percent of HT Mostar is owned by the Federation of BiH. It is only in the case of Telekom Srpska, that the privatization process was undertaken, and 65 percent of the stake was sold to Telekom Srbija (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 186).
In 2008 the total revenue of all telecommunication services in BiH was KM 1.356.821.589,00 (EUR 693.742.503,00). Out of that amount, mobile telephony revenue was KM 649.206.368,00 (EUR 331.939.036,00), while fixed telephone services generated KM 503.880.688,00 (EUR 257.634.056,00) (Communications Regulatory Agency, 2008).
The telecommunications market is regulated by the Communications Regulatory Agency, which also regulates broadcasting and Internet sectors.
2.6 Sources
- Newspapers
- Magazines
- Radio
- Cinema
- Telecommunications
3. New Media
3.1 Online
There is a rapid increase in the number of Internet users in BiH, from 585.000 in 2004 up to 1.055.000 in 2007 (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 193). The Internet penetration data show rapid expansion in Internet use in BiH since 2002, when it was only 4 percent, up to 35 percent in 2009 (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 194; GfK, 2009b) (see Figure 8) .
Figure 8: Penetration of Internet users in BiH, 2002-2009
Source: AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 194; GfK BiH, 2009b.
Highest percentage of Internet users is among the younger population, especially those between 15 and 24 years of age, out of which three quarters, or 85 percent, use the Internet, followed by employed people, out of whom some 50 percent use the Internet. Approximately half of the total number of users accesses the Internet every day, while more than 20 percent user accesses Internet through Internet cafés (GfK BiH, 2009b). The majority of users still use the dial-up connection via analogue modem or ISDN, while leading broadband access is by ADSL and cable. The number of broadband subscribers is rapidly increasing, reaching 31 percent of the total number of Internet users in 2007 (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 194).
3.2 Digital media
All major daily newspapers, weekly magazines and radio and TV stations have developed their web sites. Nevertheless, only a handful has made any substantial effort towards Web 2.0 type of portals and websites, while the majority of media outlets have rather modest web operations.
In most of the cases, media outlets don't have special web editorial teams, and their websites are just republishing what is already published in the print-versions of papers and magazines, or news bulletins for radio and TV stations. Significant advancements in this respect have been made recently by the daily newspaper Dnevni avaz, whose website rapidly developed, and now takes the 14th position on the Alexa.com's list of The top 100 sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina, followed by Radio Sarajevo's web portal on 39th position, and Oslobodjenje daily newspaper's site on 78th position. Interestingly enough, the country's most visited news web portal is Sarajevo-x.com – an independent web portal not linked to any media outlet, occupying the 7th position on Alexa.com's list, and hosting a large community of users of its blogging and forum services (Alexa.com, 2010).
Internet-based TV and IPTV services in BiH are still in their infancy – there are some new and ambitious initiatives, such as the web portal Depo.ba, while BH Telecom has started a pilot project, offering IPTV service to its ADSL subscribers.
BiH significantly lags behind the rest of Europe when it comes to introducing Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) (AGCOM & CRA, 2008, 54). A DTT Forum has been established in 2007 to draft the Strategy on the digital switch-over and steer the switch-over process. The Strategy on the digital switch-over was adopted in June 2009 by the Council of Ministers of BiH (DTT Forum, 2009).
3.3 Sources
- Online media
4. Media organisations
4.1 News agencies
According to the Press Council of Bosnia and Herzegovina, there are six news agencies active in BiH (BH Press Council, 2010b). There are two state-owned news agencies: the Federal News Agency (FENA) established by the Government of the Federation of BiH in 2000, and the News Agency of Republika Srpska (SRNA), owned by the Republika Srpska Government. The most important private news agency is ONASA.
4.2 Trade unions
There are in total six journalist associations in BiH. Nevertheless, most of these are inactive and rarely speak on behalf their members or other journalists. Most of these associations reflect the ethnic divisions of the country and rarely cooperate (IREX, 2009). An exception to this is the association BH novinari (BiH Journalists), which is rather active, and often is the only voice that publicly reacts on behalf of journalists.
The Association of Independent Electronic Media and the Association of Private Radio and Television Stations in B&H represent broadcasters (IREX, 2009). Together, they have established an Association of Media Industry (UMI), consisting of major advertising agencies and broadcasters, whose aim is to provide the most relevant and valid data on TV ratings. As a result, an electronic measurement by people-metres has been introduced successfully several years ago – a development that would be impossible without UMI.
The Association of Graphic, Publishing, and Media Employees in BiH represent the print media and printing houses (IREX, 2009).
4.3 Other media outlets
Rapid development of the media sector after the mid-1990s resulted in the proliferation of a number of independent production companies. Today, at least 30 independent productions are active in BiH, producing TV programs, documentaries, short films and feature films (Udruzenje filmskih radnika Bosne i Hercegovine, 2010c). Among the most important ones are Refresh, Pro.ba, Flash Production, F.I.S.T. Production, and Deblokada.
4.4 Sources
News agencies
- Federal News Agency (FENA)
- News Agency of Republika Srpska (SRNA)
Trade unions
- Association of Media Industry (UMI)
- BH novinari (Journalists Association)
5. National media policies
5.1 Media legislation
Freedom of expression and freedom of the media are guaranteed by the Constitution, the European Convention on Human Rights, Law on Protection from Defamation (Official Gazette RS No. 37/01, Official Gazette FBiH No. 31/01) which decriminalizes label and defamation, and the Law on Communications (Official Gazette BiH No. 33/02, 12 November 2002), which is the general legal framework for the broadcasting and telecommunications industry, and which establishes the Communications Regulatory Agency (CRA) as the independent state agency that regulates broadcasting and telecommunication sectors.
In general, no laws limit the citizens' access to the media or prevent the establishment of new media, except when there are no available broadcasting frequencies. Additionally, there are no formal barriers that would undermine the media's capacity to present different opinions and acting as the watchdog of the government (Jusić, 2006: 290).
Media concentration and media ownership regulatory provisions are the part of the Law on Communications. Rule on Media Concentration and Cross-ownership over electronic and print media (Rule No. 21/2003), adopted by CRA in late 2003, is an integral part of the BiH Law on Communications, offering clear criteria for the prevention of concentration of ownership in the media market. Additional rules regarding the market concentration and competition are provided within the Law on Competition in BiH (Jusić, 2006: 281-281).
BiH has a rather advanced Law on Freedom of Access to Information that grants public access to all information held by public institutions and the government. Only exceptions relate to the cases when specific information may have a particularly negative effect on areas such as, for example, defence, public security, monetary policy, or privacy of third-parties (Articles 6, 7 and 8, Law on Freedom of Access to Information in BiH).
The Public Broadcasting Service System of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, no. 78/05.) consists of three broadcasters, each regulated by separate laws:
- Law on Public Broadcasting Service of Bosnia and Herzegovina - BHRT (Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, no. 92/05.)
- Law on the Radio Television of Federation of BiH – RTVFBiH (Official Gazette of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, no. 01-02-401/08)
- Law on the Radio Television of Republika Srpska – RTRS (Official Gazette of Republika Srpska, no. 49/06)
Additionally, the Law on the Public Broadcasting System in BiH (Official Gazette BiH No. 78/05) regulates the overall functioning of the system and the relations between its components (AGCOM & CRA, 2008: 80).
5.2 Accountability systems
The editorial policy and content of print media in BiH is not subject to any form of regulation, but is guided by ethical and professional principles embedded in the Press Code, a key self-regulatory instrument.
The Press Council is an independent, non-governmental, non-political self-regulatory body established by all of the associations of journalists in BiH. The key task of the Press Council is to try to resolve disputes between the press and its readers through journalistic tools, such as the right to response, correction, apology and rebuttal. The Press Council cannot impose any form of sanctions on the press.
In general, the Broadcasting Code of Conduct is one of the key rules of the Communications Regulatory Agency, and provides programming standards for broadcasting, requiring radio and TV stations to "demonstrate impartiality in their reporting, professionalism and equal representation of all social groups and different positions and opinions, with no discrimination on any grounds." (Jusić, 2006: 292) Similar standards are also prescribed for Public Service Broadcasters by their respective laws.
Rules on Media Presentation of Political Subjects in the Election Period, adopted by the BiH Election Commission in 2005, in compliance with the BiH Election Law (Official Gazette BiH No. 23/2001) define principles for the coverage of electoral campaigns by broadcasters, requiring radio and TV stations to provide factual, complete, honest, fair and impartial information, and to treat political competitors equally and impartially (Jusić, 2006: 291).
5.3 Regulatory authority
The broadcasting and telecommunications sector is regulated by the Communications Regulatory Agency (CRA), which is established by the Law on Communications of BiH. The CRA operates as an independent agency. Its tasks include the regulation of radio and TV broadcasting and telecommunications networks; licensing; radio frequency spectrum allocation, and developing and enforcing rules and regulations within the communications market.
Independency of the CRA is guaranteed by the Law on Communications, which prevents Council of Ministers, individual ministers, or any other person to influence the decision making process of the CRA in individual cases (BiH Law on Communications, Article 36).
The Law on Financing of Institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette BiH, 29 December 2004) provides for the financial independence of the Agency (Jusić, 2006: 178). Additionally, Article 40 of the Law on Communications of BiH states that state officials on all levels of government, members of political party bodies, and those linked to telecommunications operators or electronic media, cannot be nominated for the position of Director General of the CRA (Jusić, 2006: 179).
5.4 Sources
- Laws, Regulations and Institutions
6. Media resources
6.1 Learning and support
There are five journalism departments at public universities in Sarajevo, Banja Luka, Mostar, and Tuzla, and at the private College of Communication in Banja Luka. Nevertheless, it is generally considered that the level of education in journalism that these departments offer is rather poor and does not satisfy the needs of the industry (IREX, 2009).
As an alternative, there are a handful of shorter-term training programs and a number of workshops and seminars regularly being offered by independent media centres and different NGOs, such as Mediacentar Sarajevo, Media plan, and the Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN).
When it comes to education of journalists, the problem is that media outlets normally do not have budgets for journalism training and staff development. Hence, the independent training sector primarily depends on foreign donors' funding. Another problem is that media outlets, due to their limited human resources, often cannot afford to send their staff to training programs (IREX, 2009). As a consequence, the overall level of journalistic skills is rather low.
6.2 Prime sources for detailed information
General data on media sector in BiH can be obtained from official statistics bureaus: Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Federal Office of Statistics; and Republika Srpska Institute of Statistics.
Communications Regulatory Agency (CRA) is the most important source of information on broadcasting, telecommunication and Internet sectors.
Press Council provides some information on print media sector.
Mediacentar Sarajevo regularly publishes analysis, research reports and other publications on different aspects of the development of the media sector in BiH. Similarly, information can also be found on the web site of the Media Plan Institute. The online magazine Puls demokratije (Puls of Democracy) also publishes analysis of the media and communication sector in the country. Additional reports can be found on the web site of the Association BH Journalists (BH Novinari).
Relevant information on the development of the media sector in BiH can be obtained from IREX Media Sustainability Index reports.
Several commercial market research agencies offer data on the media sector, such as GfK BiH, Prism Research, and Mareco Index Bosnia.
6.3 Sources
- Media and Journalism studies
Other media sources
- Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN)
- Communications Regulatory Agency
- Federal Office of Statistics
- GfK Bosnia
- Mareco Index Bosnia (MiB)
- Media Plan Institute
- Mediacentar Sarajevo
- Prism Research
- Puls demokratije
- Republika Srpska Institute of Statistics
7. Conclusions
7.1 Development trends
The media sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been rather dynamic in the last several years, and there are several important development trends that can be pointed out.
Firstly, the media market remains poor and fragmented, with a large number of small broadcasters. There remains a high level of political parallelism (Hallin & Mancini, 2004) in the media sphere – media coverage closely reflects distribution of power and still deep ethnic divisions cemented by the recent war. This is further exacerbated by the fact that various governments, at local, regional, cantonal and entity levels, directly own almost a third of all local and regional broadcasters, and have successfully resisted all calls to relinquish their influence over the media and finally privatize state-owned broadcasters.
Secondly, the level of professionalism and the quality of journalism remains weak, with spread self-censorship, low reporting quality, lack of investigative journalism, and disrespect for basic standards as defined in the Press Code (IREX, 2009). A rapid commercialization of broadcasting was coupled with a de-politicization of commercial media outlets, especially large TV networks. This has resulted in an abundance of entertainment programming that targets the whole population of the country, disregarding ethnic, cultural and political differences, but has done little to change the overall political atmosphere. As Aida Hozic nicely put it, "De-politicization of commercial media in Bosnia may have succeeded, and may constitute a progress in comparison with inflammatory wartime propaganda. However, just as elsewhere in the world (…) de-politicization of media and the shift towards entertainment have also helped maintain a political status-quo (…)." (Hozic, 2008: 160). Hence, and somewhat paradoxically, de-politicization plays hand in hand with political parallelism.
The third important process that is taking place since the last decade is the reform of the former state-controlled broadcasters into the Public Service Broadcasters, within the Public Service Broadcasting System of BiH. Nevertheless, this process has been rather slow and ineffective – in spite of a decade of intensive reforms and millions spent, the country still does not have a functional Public Service Broadcasting System. Three public broadcasters – BHRT, RTVFBiH, and RTRS – more often than not act like fierce competitors and not as a part of one functional system. This is a consequence of the irreconcilable ethno-nationalist politics which continue to struggle for the control over public broadcasters, and have different positions towards the role and the future of Public Service Broadcasting System in BiH (see for example Babić, 2009; Kontić, 2006; Kukić, 2008, Jusić & Džihana, 2008).
Fourthly, during the last two to three years, there was an increase in serious attacks on journalists and media outlets across the country. IREX Media Sustainability Index 2009 has registered a steady deterioration of media freedoms and in the conditions in which journalists operate in BiH. The pressure on journalists and media outlets is mounting, and even the Communications Regulatory Agency has not been immune to those negative trends. The agency has been increasingly exposed to pressures from the Council of Ministers and the Prime Minister, who has blocked the appointment of the Director General of the CRA (see IREX, 2009; Halilović, 2008).
Finally, thanks to the efforts of the Communications Regulatory Agency, the DTT Forum is established and the Strategy on the digital switch-over was adopted in 2009 by the Council of Ministers of BiH (DTT Forum, 2009). Nevertheless, up until now the switch-over process did not start, and the country is far behind in the introduction of Digital Terrestrial TV in comparison to its neighbours, let alone EU countries.
All in all, as foreign intervention into media system is wearing out, the reform processes are slowing down, and there seems to be little or no local capacity to push the reforms forward and to resist the mounting political pressures on the media. The media and the public sphere of the country remain as weak and fragmented as ever.
7.2 References
- AGCOM & CRA, 2008, Overview of the Communications Sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina, AGCOM & CRA, (Accessed on January 12, 2010)
- Agency of Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2009, Thematic Bulletin: Culture and Art (PDF), TB08, Sarajevo.(Accessed on January 12, 2010)
- Agency for Statistics of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2010, General Data about Bosnia and Herzegovina, (accessed on January 12, 2010)
- Alexa.com, 2010, The top 100 sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina, (Accessed on January 11, 2010)
- Babić, Dušan, 2009, Kroz barikade do javne televizije: Mukotrpna uspostava sistema javnog RTV emitovanja u BiH, Puls demokratije, 29.10.2009, (accessed January 12, 2010)
- BH Press Council, 2010a, Print Media in Bosnia and Herzegovina, (Accessed on December 25, 2009)
- BH Press Council, 2010b, News Agencies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, (Accessed on January 11, 2010)
- Communications Regulatory Agency, 2008, Telekomunikacijski indikatori Bosne i Hercegovine za 2008. godinu; (Accessed January 11, 2009)
- Communications Regulatory Agency, 2009a, Public Register of Public Broadcasters, as of October 26, 2009, (Accessed on January 10, 2010)
- Communications Regulatory Agency, 2009b, Public Register of TV stations in BiH (as of October 26, 2009), (January 10, 2010).
- Communications Regulatory Agency, 2009c, Lista licenciranih pružaoca fiksnih javnih telefonskih usluga, as of June 23, 2009; (Accessed on January 11, 2010)
- DTT Forum, 2009, DTT Forum Bulletin, Issue 17 - June 2009 – Special edition (PDF), (Accessed on January 12, 2010)
- GfK BiH, 2006a, Čitanost dnevnih novina u BiH, Sarajevo-x.com, (Accessed: December 24, 2009).
- GfK BiH, 2006b, Elektronski mediji u BiH – koji se najčešće gledaju i slušaju?,(December 24, 2009)
- Halilović, Mehmed, 2008, Discipliniranje nezavisnih regulatora: Politički pritisci na Regulatornu agenciju za komunikacije Bosne i Hercegovine, Puls demokratije, 3.6.2008, (Accessed on January 12, 2010)
- Hallin, Daniel C. and Paolo Mancini, 2004, Comparing Media Systems: Three Models of Media and Politics, Cambridge University Press.
- Hozić, Aida A., 2008, Democratizing Media, Welcoming Big Brother: Media in Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Karol Jakubowicz and Miklos Sukosd (ed.): Finding the Right Place on the Map: Central and Eastern European Media Change in a Global Perspective, Intellect Bristol, UK / Chicago, USA.
- IREX, 2009, Media Sustainability Index 2009: Bosnia and Herzegovina, IREX - International Research & Exchanges Board, (Accessed on December 25, 2009)
- Jusić, Tarik, 2006, The Media in a Democratic Society, in Srdjan Dizdarevic et al., (ed.); Democracy Assessment in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Open Society Fund Bosnia and Herzegovina. (Accessed on January 12, 2010)
- Jusić, Tarik & Amer Džihana (2008), Bosnia and Herzegovina, in Sandra Bašić-Hrvatin, Mark Thompson, Tarik Jusić (ed.): Divided the Fall: Public Service Broadcasting in Multiethnic States (PDF), Mediacentar Sarajevo. (Accessed on January 12, 2010)
- Kontić, Boro, 2006, Šrafcigerom na sistem: ili zašto u BiH nikada neće funkcionisati javna RTV, Puls demokratije, 1.11.2006.,
- Kukić, Slavo, 2008, Strategija destrukcije javnog RTV sustava: Novi udar etnonacionalističkih politika na javne emitere, Puls demokratije, 3.12.2008. (Accessed on January 12, 2010)
- Kurspahić, Kemal, 2003, Zločin u devetnaest i trideset: Balkanski mediji u ratu i miru, Mediacentar Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- Thompson, Mark & Dan De Luce, 2002, "Escalating to Success? The Media Intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina", in Monroe E. Price & Mark Thompson (ed.): "Forging Peace: Intervention, Human Rights and the Management of Media Space, Edinburgh University Press.
- Udruzenje filmskih radnika Bosne i Hercegovine, 2008a, Kratka historija bh. filma, (Accessed on: January 11, 2010)
- Udruzenje filmskih radnika Bosne i Hercegovine, 2008b, Bh. film danas (Accessed on: January 11, 2010)
- Udruzenje filmskih radnika Bosne i Hercegovine, 2010c, Production companies (Accessed on January 11, 2010)
7.3 Contact
Tarik Jusic, PhD
Program Director
Mediacentar Sarajevo
Kolodvorska 3, 71000 Sarajevo
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Phone: +38733715840
Fax: +38733715850


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Cornerback Jamari McCollough is one of the best athletes in this year's class, so it's no surprise schools have been quick to offer in an attempt to influence him early. That doesn't mean he's in a rush to make a decision.
"To tell you the truth I've really been impressed with every coach I've talked to," said McCollough. "They'll all been very impressive and informative. Right now I'm keeping my options open. I have offers from Maryland, Connecticut, Virginia Tech, Michigan State, Rutgers, Temple, Purdue and Ball State right now and I'm considering all of them."
Article Continues Below
The 5-foot-11, 177-pound cornerback from Randallstown, Maryland has great instincts in the secondary and runs the 40-yard dash in 4.5 seconds. What qualities is he looking for in a school?
"I want a school that gives me the opportunity to compete in the classroom and on the field. I'm also going to choose a school that has a history of putting guys in the League."
McCollough has already participated in the Elite Camp in New Jersey and the NIKE Camp in Happy Valley. He also plans on camping at Maryland, Virginia Tech and perhaps Florida. McCollough is a hard worker committed to improving his game.
"I'm a perfectionist," he said. "I train hard and play hard."

subset: commoncrawl


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Clod Ensemble is one of the UK's most prominent interdisciplinary performance companies. Music is deeply embedded in all the works in the company's repertoire. Based in London, over 20 years the company has created an extraordinary body of work led by Artistic Directors Suzy Willson and Paul Clark. Their work is presented in exceptional venues across the UK and internationally, including Sadler's Wells, Tate Modern, Public Theater New York and Serralves Museum Porto.
Paul is a leading composer on the British performance scene. His music has reached a range of international audiences at venues such as Lincoln Center New York, Vienna Burgtheater, Berlin Schaubühne and Amsterdam Stadsschouwburg, through collaborations with Gare St Lazare Ireland and director Katie Mitchell.
Clod Ensemble has a repertoire of critically acclaimed work, each production with its own distinctive musical and visual identity: Under Glass was written for multi-speaker electronic score and nine performers in glass cases, Silver Swan's score is based on two 17th-century melodies and is performed by seven unaccompanied classical singers, An Anatomie in Four Quarters features a cast of 38 musicians, actors and dancers, with an electro-acoustic score, and Zero has an onstage avant blues band and 11 dancers.
Recently, the company has embarked on a new music collaboration with OENM in Salzburg. This Is My Room will be a promenade installation concert piece for a quintet, with live electronics and curated spoken word samples.
The company is keen to further develop audiences and build partnerships in Europe and internationally.
"What makes Clod Ensemble so special and valuable as a company is the way the music and movement is so deeply integrated. Even the word 'integrated' probably gives the wrong impression. The choreography isn't responding to the music and the music isn't placed on top of the movement. The two have been developed side by side and you can't imagine one without another." — Exeunt Magazine


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Shane Co.
Round Diamond Dangle Earrings
Description & Specifications
Like a glistening waterfall, this pair of earrings displays two lovely lines of round diamonds twinkling down in a dangle style. The earrings display a total of 48 round diamonds, at approximately 2.00 carats total weight; each diamond has been hand-selected and crafted in quality 14 karat white gold. This eye-catching pair dangle at 1 1/2 inch and are secured by friction backs.
Item Number: 41076454
Item Number: 41076454
- *Total Carat Weight2 ct. t.w.
- *Metal FinishPolished
- Metal Type14K White Gold
- Stone TypeDiamond
- *Setting TypeProng Set
- Stone ShapeRound


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Middle Years 7 – 8
Exploration of Interests
Citipointe is sensitive to the needs of young adolescents, so the middle years of schooling receive different teaching and learning approaches. Although we do not have a separate middle school campus, we do, however, apply middle schooling principles to these important years.
The emphasis in these years is on Exploration of Interests. Studies include integrated units, with a focus on real life contexts. Different learning styles and personalities of both boys and girls are catered for within gender-specific classes for some subjects, and across-the-year-level specially designed projects.
Relationships are crucial to this age group, so pastoral care receives extra attention, with the pastoral care program also accommodating the emotional and social needs of both genders, through camps, pastoral care classes, and specialist staff.
All students entering Year 7 & Year 8 are assessed so that intellectual strengths and weaknesses are more clearly identified. The College strives to cater for the range of students and student aspirations through learning support, ESL and extension classes, and streaming according to ability in some core subject areas.
Year 7 students are part of the new SevenUP program, an exciting, different educational experience designed to enable a smoother, less stressful transition between Primary and Secondary, while consolidating foundational skills and emphasising literacy and numeracy, as well as broadening their horizons with units of secondary Key Learning Areas.
In Year 8, the emphasis is on EXPLORATION OF INTERESTS, and students are given opportunity to choose some elective subjects in addition to their core course of Christian Living, English, Maths, Science, History, Geography, Language Education, Business and Physical Education. When students progress to Year 9, their core course continues, with another opportunity given for students to choose different elective experiences.


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6% vs 53%I am not an economist. I am a San Francisco Real Estate Agent with 100s of sales under my belt. I have my own sense of the local San Francisco real estate market based on my life in the trenches of buying and selling homes for my clients. But I do follow the leading real estate economists and pay attention to both macro and micro factors that affect SF housing conditions. Lately, there's been a lot of talk about whether or not we're in a real estate bubble. My stance is that all markets are cyclical and this boom has been building for 3+ years. If you think the past is any indicator of the future (and that is debatable), we're bound for a correction or at least a plateau. However, our currently robust SF real estate market could stick around for some time. And when it does correct, it may be mild, at least in the more popular neighborhoods. In other words, yes, all markets are cyclical and yes, you should consider this in your plans* but this does not mean we have another Great Recession downturn in store. At least, we probably don't here in San Francisco (and close surrounding areas with similar dynamics). Apparently, the economic hotshots concur! According to Jed Kolko, Trulia's Chief Economist, the San Francisco metro real estate market (San Francisco, Marin and San Mateo Counties) was 53% overvalued at the pre-Recession peak vs today's figures of only 6% overvaluation.
"Kolko's data suggests that current home prices in the San Francisco metro area (which includes Marin and San Mateo counties) are not in fact overvalued compared to the historical relationship between median income and medium home price." – Courtesy of SPUR.What this means is that SF homes are actually not overpriced when you consider the relationship of median income to median home price. Shocking, right?
Affordability Crisis, Not a Real Estate BubbleSan Francisco is the most expensive metro area in the United States and it looks like it may remain so indefinitely. Why? While it's easier to blame supposedly greedy landlords or young tech workers, they did not cause our housing affordability crisis. Geography and NIMBYism did. There, I said it.
"Tim Cornwell of the Concord Group explained the wide variety of factors underlying the crisis. San Francisco is limited by both geography and extensive regulation. There's very little room to build new units, and securing the rights to begin construction is extremely difficult and expensive — an irony common to many of our nation's most expensive cities. In spite of the challenges associated with housing production, San Francisco is home to more jobs than ever before, and the job growth shows no signs of slowing — posing a challenge to the city's long-standing cap on annual office growth. It's no secret Millennials are willing to sacrifice just about anything to live in a superstar city, but Boomers, many of whom cashed in on valuable homes in the suburbs, are moving in to San Francisco at an even faster rate." – Courtesy of SPUR.


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When evaluating running backs, one of the most common yardsticks to use is the 1,000 yard season. A running back who rushes for 1,000 or more yards in a season is generally considered to have had a very successful year.
The Panthers have only been around since 1995, and in that time just four different running backs have broken the 1,000 yard mark for the season. Three of those have done it one time, including Anthony Johnson in 1996, Stephen Davis in 2003, and Jonathan Stewart in 2009.
The leader in career 1,000 yard rushing seasons for the Panthers though is DeAngelo Williams who passed that mark in both the 2008 and 2009 seasons.


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Robert Lee Tosh, Jan 25, 1878
Robert Lee Tosh was killed by gunshot wound at his blacksmith shop in Priceville, AL Oct 24, 1924.Burial:Shoals Creek Cemetery. Survivors: wife, Orrie Mullins Tosh, chilren: Mary, Cleveland, Clayton and Paul. Death cert states he was born in KY;parents unknown.Could not find him in KY 1880 Census.Found Robert & his family in 1920 Morgan Co (Pond Street, Decatur) AL Census.Last survivor, Clayton Tosh, died Oct 2002 in Lynchburg, Moore Co, TN.Does anyone know of siblings of Robert. Need info to settle Clayton's estate.
More Replies:
Re: Robert Lee Tosh, Jan 25, 1878
Gladys C. Shannon 8/10/03


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Brittany has yet to fill out a bio.
KERRI posted 3163 days ago
gr8 picture, girlfriend, btw, thanks for the backup on that comment! xo
Gray Ghost posted 3164 days ago
Britt, as a fan of Jameson - can I expect a discount if I ever need legal advice? Welcome to B/R. Your bro is one of the best we have here!
Brittany does not have any awards.
Brittany is not a member of any communities.


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nope it dont
does ava have ingame recored like crossfire (in cross fire you can save your game its called replay) does ava has such a thing or not??? thanx
nope it dont
No. Thats why when you install AVA they tell you to install Xfire as well.
whats the best recorder ? fraps ?


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Daughters Of Discipline Trailer (1983)
"Sadistic sisters--the bizarre story continues!" 01 January 1983 42 mins
After coming across their parents' stash of bondage magazines, two teen girls decide to give it a try, starting with a little lesbian sex. Complications arise when Mom and Dad unexpectedly come home.
Watch the official Daughters Of Discipline 1983 trailer in HD below.


text: I've finally grown my business to the point that I can buy fertilizer by the pallet. I am in the process of negotating a 2 pallet (2 ton) purchase of 34-3-11 from Lesco. The fertilizer is 34-3-11 with no iron. 80% quick release. 20% slow release. What is a good price per bag (50 pound) when purchasing two tons at a time? Thanks, DFW Area Landscaper


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What Are You Playing, the game where we tell you what we're playing this weekend and you tell us that you really, really need a fat chocobo to ride and nothing else will do. We're sure you're planning to ride it, not to put it in a fat microwave and see whether the Peep experiment scales up. For science.
@Beau_Hindman: I'll be trying to get a handle on my Therian Saga account. I have four characters and just can't keep up. I need to choose one and have some fun. I also need some time in PlanetSide 2 and Defiance, simply because I have been too busy writing on my soon-to-be-completed book to shoot some baddies. I'm also digging on TUG's alpha and will be looking into Villagers and Heroes' housing!
@nbrianna: I'll probably go see Scarlet off in Guild Wars 2 -- we won't miss you, my dear! And I'm torn between checking out Path of Exile's minispansion (totally a word) and availing myself of the XP piñata in Diablo III.
@Eliot_Lefebvre: I'm on a bit of a low pulse with Final Fantasy XIV right now, although I plan to log in to hit my Myth cap and such. I'm in the midst of another Mass Effect playthrough for no real reason whatsoever except that I love the series and I felt like playing through again. Oh, and I did launch a brand-new project yesterday, which should be of particular interest to people here, including anyone missing Storyboard. Most of my immediate plans, however, involve taking advantage of better weather to hike out a mountain until I literally can hike no more... then going right back after a little food to do the same dang thing.
@jefreahard: Lots of iRacing and Black Flag going down at my house. And also a little bit of the sweet, sweet sandpark that is ArcheAge. Can I say that? Yeah, I can say that because really, XL Games/Trion. A year and nothing to show the West? Really?
I might continue dabbling in LotRO too, but I've already hit the level cap prior to reaching the Westfold, so I guess I'll be running around doing Helm's Deep quests for no discernible rewards!
@Sypster: Right now I'm engrossed in my Ranger's journey through Guild Wars 2. It's been a while and I've missed many aspects of the game, so I'll be pew-pewing things across the landscape while I cross the final stretch to 80. Other gaming prospects include The Walking Dead Season 2: Episode 2, exploring Enedwaith in Lord of the Rings Online, and maybe even reviving an old RIFT character or two.
@Shaddoe: This weekend, I will spend most of my time on the Star Wars: The Old Republic test center. I have plans to play the new Tython and Korriban flashpoints multiple times to not only understand the mechanic but gather the information about the story so that I can incorporate it into the my characters' storyline.
@MJ_Guthrie: I've gotten my kill Flappy achievement on my Templar in The Secret World, so I will be trying to finish that up on my Illuminati. Then I have to figure out what to spend all those fragments and slivers on! Other than that, I will be puttering around the Massively Golden Yacht in EverQuest Next Landmark and enjoying wandering aimlessly around a certain Russian beta soaking up its awesomeness. As requested, I'll also be checking out the Dominion side of WildStar in a livestream today.
At the start of every weekend, we catch up with the Massively staff members and ask them, "What are you playing this week?" (Otherwise known as: WRUP!) Join us to see what we're up to in and out of game -- and catch us in the comments to let us know what you're playing, too!


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Santiamén Trailer (2016)
04 March 2016 15 mins
The strange voice of Yukie guides us through her memories before the end of time. Yukie awakens in the bodies of other women and recognizes herself in different places. William Vega, who premiered his first feature La Sirga at the Cannes Director's Fortnight, takes material from diverse sources and assembles it to show, with sensual melancholy, the fate of a woman in her transit through the "final days" of a world that, like in Eliot's poem, ends not with a bang but with a whimper.
Watch the official Santiamén 2016 trailer in HD below or find more Santiamén videos on Vidimovie.


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England manager Gareth Southgate has paid tribute to "gentle giant" Ugo Ehiogu and says that he has been left "stunned and deeply saddened" by his ex-teammate's death.
Ehiogu died at the age of 44 in the early hours of Friday morning after suffering a cardiac arrest at Tottenham Hotspur's training ground, where he had been working as an Under-23s coach since 2014.
Many past and present players have reacted to the sudden passing of the former defender, while Southgate - who spent close to a decade alongside Ehiogu with Aston Villa and Middlesbrough - has now paid his regards.
"He was a gentle giant away from football, he was a colossus on the pitch," the Three Lions boss said in a statement. "I'm stunned and deeply saddened by Ugo's passing and clearly my initial thoughts are with his wife Gemma, his children and his family. I know that football will be grieving because he was so highly respected by everybody he worked with and losing him at such a young age is difficult to come to terms with.
"Most importantly, he was a gentleman and he is one of those characters that people would find it difficult to have anything bad to say about him. I probably played more games with Ugo than anybody else in my career and while in many ways he was a gentle giant away from football, he was a colossus on the pitch.
"It felt like a true partnership with Ugo because we were prepared to put our bodies on the line for each other. We shared highs, lows and won a couple of trophies together with Villa and Boro and it's those memories that I will always cherish when I think of Ugo. He was one of the most professional people I played with in terms of how he applied himself to his job and it was great to see him progressing through the coaching pathway with that thirst for learning.
"I've spoken to several of our former teammates today and there's just a sense of disbelief that we're having these conversations. Ugo was a credit to football, a credit to his family and he will be missed by everybody who was lucky enough to know him."
Southgate won the League Cup with Ehiogu during their time together at both Villa and Boro.


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Historic Railroad Pass Hotel and Casino, the nation's longest operating casino is proud to announce the opening of DeSimone's Steakhouse. The new restaurant, formerly the "Steakhouse at the Pass," offers a fine dining experience that is in keeping with the expectations of the valued exclusive players of the casino. While maintaining the same atmosphere, guests looking for a delicious steak in a beautiful setting will enjoy the enhanced focus of this restaurant.
Steakhouse Steak Facts
Many people love steak, and when you take a break from the stresses of daily life for a vacation at a great, high-class resort near Las Vegas, you want only the best. If you want to become a true connoisseur of steak, however, there's a few basic facts you need to know. Here's a look at a few steakhouse steak facts that will not only improve your knowledge of the meat, but enhance your enjoyment of a great resort meal.
March 2017


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A Unique Holiday Break Idea: Casino Cruises
There are many different types of casinos. An avid gambler can visit the casino downtown, a resort casinos, internet casinos, or even casinos on riverboats or cruise ships. So, what? Well, everybody gambles! Like it or not, even you denied it, a little gamble here and there is part of our life.Read More


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That is the pattern emerging from the Sydney Motor Show, where attendances to date are 10 percent higher than last year's figures.
Ford, for instance, reported "enormous interest" in the factory-fitted LPG system on the Falcon. The price of LPG virtually has doubled in recent months, but it is still about half the cost of petrol and it is widely available.
Ford reported that there were three main areas of visitor interest on its stand. The "wall-to-wall lookers" not surprisingly flocked around the right-hand-drive, soon-to-be-launched Mustang and the X-5 concept Falcon ute.
The other exhibits to attract interest were the compact, economical Mazda-built Escape 4WD which will go on sale here early next year and the less-than-glamorous LPG-converted vehicles - both in preference to the huge and striking American F-series utes.
Toyota's senior manager of marketing, Peter Webster, said two clear concerns emerged from showgoers at the company's stand: fuel economy and the effect of exchange rates on local prices.
Anxious about the price of petrol, visitors were keen to establish the fuel economy of the vehicles on display.
"It's interesting that city people are asking these sorts of questions," Webster said. "I'm sure that in country areas where fuel prices are higher and distances travelled are greater, that the interest would be even higher."
Echoing widespread concern, people at the show queried the effect on vehicle prices of the falling value of the Australian dollar against the yen.
He said there had been strong interest in Toyota's comparatively new variable valve timing engine technology which delivered better fuel economy than previous engines.
According to Tony Robinson, of industry statistician and pricing analysts, Glass's Guide, the cost of fuel is also being felt in the hard-nosed area of fleet sales, where business trends turn around slowly.
Robinson said there was anecdotal evidence that the cost of fuel is making an impact on company fleet-buying decisions.
There is a precedent for fleet operators opting for smaller engines to reduce operating costs; not so long ago, to the dismay of a generation of sales reps, four-cylinder Toyota Camrys and Mitsubishi Magnas were common fleet vehicles.
Robinson said there was a clear trend to greater use of diesel engines in off-road vehicles "despite the price of diesel fuel being at least as high as for petrol ... People are certainly interested in [diesel engine] economy."
According to an ANOP Research Services survey last month, 52 percent of motorists nominated increased fuel prices as a major issue. Twelve months earlier, the figure was 25 percent.
This leaves the way open for increasing use of alternative fuels such as compressed natural gas (CNG), which is now being promoted as an alternative to the more widely used LPG. It is the same gas as that piped into homes for heating and cooking, but it is stored at higher pressure.
Proponents claim savings of about 60 percent on the cost of petrol and nearly 20 percent on LPG. The automotive conversion for CNG is similar to that required for LPG but costs more - currently about $3,000 - due to the need for stronger storage vessels and the relative rarity of fitting stations.
CNG is being promoted by the Liverpool City Council, Sydney, following a Federal Government decision to commit up to $100 million to support alternative fuel programs.
The council's project manager, Keith Simmons, claims a motorist could recover the cost of conversion in just over 60,000km - which might suit fleet owners rather than private owners. However, he said, gas-powered cars brought a premium of $1,000-$1,500 when sold, reducing the break-even distance to as little as 30,000km.
There is now only a couple of retail automotive CNG outlets in Sydney so, for the private motorist, such savings are still on the dream list.
Will higher petrol prices influence your next car purschase?
To vote, click on the Netpoll box on drive.com.au's home page.


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Mobile credit card readers that connect to a smartphone or a tablet are profoundly changing the way anyone with a business can take credit card payments. This means that the size of your business is no longer an issue and everyone can take credit card payments.
Thanks to this new generation of mobile credit card machines, offered by companies like iZettle, it no longer matters whether you are selling handicraft goods at a local craft fair or have a larger business offering services and goods on a bigger scale.
All you need is your smartphone or tablet, a free app and a chip and PIN device, which in effect acts as the mobile card reader, and you are ready to go!
Taking cards a business necessity
The need to take credit card payments as well as debit cards is simply a fact of business life today. Consumers are carrying less and less cash around and find using cards not only more convenient but also a better way of managing personal finances, even when paying for small amounts.
Mobile credit card readers changing the game
In the past, a conventional credit card terminal would not have been a practical solution for a small business with low transaction volumes due to the monthly fees and terminal rental costs, for example. However, the low price of these modern smartphone credit card readers is a major reason why anyone with a business should consider signing up for one without delay, and there are no monthly fees.
Confused by the terms and choice of credit card readers?
The new generation of mobile card payment systems (like iZettle, Payleven and SumUp) should not be confused with traditional countertop credit card readers and terminals, which have of course been around for a long time. These credit card terminals are connected by a landline or Ethernet cable and shoppers enter their pin number on the keypad to authorize the transaction.
There are also mobile and portable versions of these traditional credit card readers, and these mobile credit card terminals use GPRS technology to connect to a mobile network. These types of card readers are typically used in restaurants, for example. Again, these mobile card readers are not the same thing as the new generation of mobile credit card processing systems that use a smartphone or tablet.
The need for a data connection is one of the reasons for the higher costs of these older systems and is one of the key differences between the new era represented by iZettle and Payleven, since they utilise the shared data connection of the smartphone, meaning they do not require their own GPRS communication system.
Given the higher cost and complexity of many of these traditional card terminal systems, many companies provide a variety of services such as credit card machine rental services both with short term and long term contracts. However this is not always a suitable or practical solution for small start-ups or small businesses.
New age of mobile credit card readers: simple and flexible
In conclusion, the answer to the question for small business owners as to how to take credit card payments is simple. A mobile credit card reader using your smartphone or tablet is best. The services offered by mobile credit card reader services provided by iZettle, for example, do not have any monthly fees or long contracts.
Once you have acquired the chip and PIN reader you can more or less immediately start taking payments making it a cheap and affordable, especially for small businesses.
Mobile credit card readers: quick facts
- A mobile credit card reader lets you take card payments anywhere you have WiFi or a data connection for your phone or tablet.
- The best systems use a chip and PIN reader.
- To authorize the payment, the customer enters their personal PIN code
- Fees are low: lowest is 1.5% (with transaction volumes of 13,000 a month)
- No monthly contracts
Read our detailed comparison of mobile credit card readers.


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Baby Girl 5 is beautiful! She's a Mantle- which is black with a white collar, chest, paws and tail tip- her markings are exquisite! Born- April 8, 2013 She can go home May 28, 2013 Home raised and socialized with other dogs. At eight weeks she weighs over 20lbs! Contact us with any questions you may have. The mom is black with white, 110lbs and the dad is harlequin, 160lbs. kennedyskennel.com Kennedy's Kennel - We are a small family owned kennel. We operate out of our home.... (read more)
We are a small family owned kennel. We operate out of our home. We have one sire and two dams that are our family pets. We are incredibly careful and the care of the animals is top priority.
Avoid Scams and Fraud - Potential areas of fraud: wire transfer, moneygrams, money orders, cashier checks, shipping, escrow, "transaction protection", "guarantee". Check out the Buyer Safety section for more info.


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No products
Its pretty comfortable , good fit,god quality at good price.... only thing, I wish you people could offer more colours in this particular product. & with your oyher print Tees, I wish I could find newer prints added because I would want new prints , rather tha same ones that you have since quite a long time.
less color options
Overall good product, stretchable, value for money and comfortable in gym
its comfoftable
stivhings are little bit itchy


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Breaking changes in MVC.NET 2 (aka ASP.NET MVC 2):
- There is a change to the behaviour of the Model Binder. In MVC.NET 1, when a string property had no value to be bound to it, the Model Binder would assign an empty string to the property. In MVC.NET 2 the model binder will assign null instead. This can cause many issues. See http://brianreiter.org/2010/09/16/asp-net-mvc-2-0-undocumented-model-string-property-breaking-change/ for more info. I'd recommend getting used to the new MVC.NET 2 behaviour instead of using ModelBinders.Binders.DefaultBinder to go back to the MVC.NET 1 behaviour.
- By default you can no longer return JSON from an Action that accepts HTTP GETs. This is with good reason and closes up some serious potential security holes. If you understand the implications, you can bypass this restriction on a case-by-case basis using the new overload of the Json method: http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee430920.aspx


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|13 reviews in total
I signed up on imdb just so I could let people know the reviews
Going To California are wrong. There is finally a show that actually
with the television formula. This is one of very few experimental tv
programs out there. The other reviewers just cant seem to stray from
laugh track, clean cut, half hour sitcoms. This show maintains what it
means to be a television show, while trying some very new things. First
all, the preceding reviewers seem only to have watched one episode, this
will not do. While each show stands on its own, like other tv shows, the
characters are very serial. To really understand why Ungalow, and Space
the way they are, you have to watch many episodes. This is what makes it
perfect for TV, with a show that has a constant change in environment, you
need something constant. GTC also has some of the best cinematography I
have ever seen on a tv show, the director really knows how to use the came
as part of the story.
The one problem is the unreality of the storylines, sometimes Hank and Ung really get themselves into rather unrealistic situations. That is part of the charm of the show, it takes experiences one might encounter on the road, and intensifies them 10 times. It allows you to understand there is special forces at work, Space and Ung's trip has to do with fate, and a search for meaning...that kinda stuff.
Overall, the dialog, and how it is acted out is just so perfect. Sam Tremmell, and Brad Henke really let you become their third buddy on the road. They have the perfect on screen friendship. The two of them are just hilarious together. I can't praise this show enough, I only wish it was on HBO, so then the whole world would give some attention to GTC. Trust me, commit yourself and watch for a few weeks, then you will fully embrace the charm of this great show.
This show is really interesting. It deals with a lot of subtle themes relating to social dynamics and hierarchy, the kind of things that people deal with and think about, but I guess aren't usually regarded as dramatic enough to be represented in film and tv, where everything has to be a clearly defined "issue". The overriding theme seems to be that everyone has flaws. I think that's the main thing that makes the show unique, although aside from that it does have plenty of lighter entertainment value. One of the best new shows I've seen in the past few years.
Its like Swingers mixed with High Fidelity. The first time I watched it, I caught only a couple of minutes and thought it was boring, but since then I've watched 3 full episodes and they were great. Really good actors who aren't well known, but should be. They're all so real and make it easy to watch. So far, I like the Memphis episode with Lawrence Taylor (the football player) as a drag queen and the episode with Vince Vaughn guest-starring as a sleazy model photographer. Excellent writing. This show rocks!
At first my sister and I started watching this show thinking that it was a movie when to our surprise it was a TV show. Now every Thursday and Sunday we clear our schedule just so we can watch the best show of the year. The actors are not only unbelievably cute they are also very talented and they make you wish you were on your way to California with them. I know a lot of people might not like this show but it just means you don't have a funny twisted sense of humor like me and my sister. I highly recommend this show to anyone and everyone (except children) who likes comedy about real life stuff (sex, money, food, the bible, death & fantasies)!!! This show will make you laugh your a** off ;o).
I've been watching "Going to California" since the beginning and I totally disagree with the previous person that commented on the show. I ordered Showtime just so that I could get the chance to see this show, and I was not disappointed. I have found all of the plots and all of the writing interesting enough to watch for 50 minutes, but unlike the previous person that commented, I am quite far from where the show was filmed, so I haven't seen any of the sights there before. Okay, so some of the plots are a little weird (i.e. Rhino Boy), but the plot is still interesting and I wouldn't change the channel for anything. I also think that the actors do a wonderful job and that the show is well written. I think that the writers are doing an awesome job. I hope that Showtime keeps this series going for some time to come. I give it a 5/5.
A true masterpiece, which is very different from your regular prime-time sitcom. This series focuses on different aspects of life and society, and deals with issues that one might encounter at some stage of his life. The characters are very realistic, with unique personalities which you will have a hard time finding elsewhere on TV. Spiced with some humour and an everchanging cast of beautiful women, this show will nail you to your TV sofa, and make you count the days until the next re-run. P.S. David Faustino has a guest appearance in one episode! If this doesn't convince you that this show is great, nothing will!
Amazing cinematography. You get to see great Plaines and people of the USA. They're no canned laughter on this show! I Love it. I see allot of stuff on TV and this is so fresh and unstructured. That is its charm. These dudes (who are a modern day Laurel and Hardy) travel all over en route to Cally. The people they meet and the real places they encounter are so true to life. The backdrop of this show is what is around us in America, not some stagnant California backdrop. The acting is good not overdone. Entertaining TV should not be difficult to digest-- this is like a home cooked soufflé. SHOWTIME HAS DONE IT RIGHT!
Alright, so some of the episodes have been a little off, like the nudist colony episode. That *was* a tad overboard for me. Aside from that, I still have enjoyed all of the episodes and I have found them entertaining enough to watch them for a second time on their re-run nights. Also, to one of the previous commentors- Scott Rosenburg didn't just slap his name on this series. It was his creation. I think he made the right decision and he has also come up with some awesome dialogue for some of the episodes. :) The two main stars Sam Trammell and Brad Henke (as well as the other regular actors) are doing a great job- I still find this show entertaining and give this series a 5/5.
I'm a collector of this series even though it wasn't considered to be the best Showtime series. This particular show is of interest to me since I'm a nudist myself. I appreciated the way in which they presented the casual and free form of nudism without hindering to or using any sexual references. I agree that the writing could have been a lot better but was glad to see nudism portrayed as innocent and fun. A volleyball game was the perfect way to end it too and separate the "Naked" from the "Nude." I was just wondering if anyone has a copy of this show? I just need this show to complete my collection. If anyone has any information on how to get this show or DVD or video version, let me know. Please let me know. I'd appreciate any feedback or comments on this.
Thank you,
Sure, this show is not the smartest one on television. And it was often a bit too weird (weird in a bad way). But it wasn't all that bad. It's a very cute show, and in my opinion it had its moments. It's a nice idea, nice actors and nice scripts. It's a show to fill the time- definitely a series to see when you've got nothing else to do.
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|External reviews
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|Your user reviews
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Photo by Stephanie Rivera.
Visible damage to the informational plaque on Long Beach Recreation, the monumental mosaic created in 1937 and moved to Harvey Milk Promenade Park and Equality Plaza in downtown Long Beach in 1982, was the result of an attempted theft last night, according to authorities.
Police and city officials said they were not made aware of the incident until a social media post came to their attention today.
The plaque is now being repaired and personnel with the city's Parks, Recreation and Marine are expected to re-install it next week, according to city spokesman Ed Kamlan.
"The City of Long Beach takes serious all damage to public property, and the Long Beach Police Department is investigating," Kamlan said.
Authorities have no further details on the incident.


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Moderated Online Communities and User-Generated Content
Online communities provide a social sphere for people to share information and knowledge. While information sharing is becoming a ubiquitous online phenomenon, how to ensure information quality or induce quality content, however, remains a challenge due to the anonymity of commentators. This paper introduces moderation into reputation systems. We show that moderation directly impacts strategic commentators incentive to generate useful information, and moderation is generally desirable to improve information quality. Interestingly, we find that when being moderated with different probabilities based on their reputations, commentators may display a pattern of reputation oscillation, in which they generate useful content to build up high reputation and then exploit their reputation. As a result, the expected performance from high-reputation commentators can be inferior to that from low-reputation ones (reversed reputation). We then investigate the optimal moderation resource allocation, and conclude that the seemingly abnormal reversed reputation could arise as an optimal result. The paper concludes with a discussion of the development of a scientific moderation system with application to academic publishing.
If you experience problems downloading a file, check if you have the proper application to view it first. In case of further problems read the IDEAS help page. Note that these files are not on the IDEAS site. Please be patient as the files may be large.
|32 pages
|Date of creation:
|Aug 2009
|Contact details of provider:
| Web page: http://www.NETinst.org/
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Jean Tirole & Roland Bénabou, 2006.
"Incentives and Prosocial Behavior,"
American Economic Review,
American Economic Association, vol. 96(5), pages 1652-1678, December.
- Bénabou, Roland & Tirole, Jean, 2003. "Incentives and Prosocial Behavior," IDEI Working Papers 389, Institut d'Économie Industrielle (IDEI), Toulouse, revised Jan 2006.
- Roland Bénabou & Jean Tirole, 2006. "Incentives and Prosocial Behavior," Post-Print hal-00173700, HAL.
- Roland Bénabou & Jean Tirole, 2005. "Incentives and Prosocial Behavior," NBER Working Papers 11535, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Benabou, Roland & Tirole, Jean, 2005. "Incentives and Prosocial Behavior," IZA Discussion Papers 1695, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA).
- Roland Benabou & Jean Tirole, 2004. "Incentives and Prosocial Behavior," Working Papers 137, Princeton University, Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Discussion Papers in Economics.
- Bénabou, Roland & Tirole, Jean, 2004. "Incentives and Prosocial Behaviour," CEPR Discussion Papers 4633, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Martin W. Cripps & George J. Mailath & Larry Samuelson, 2004. "Imperfect Monitoring and Impermanent Reputations," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 72(2), pages 407-432, 03.
- Martin W. Cripps & George J. Mailath & Larry Samuelson, 2002. "Imperfect Monitoring and Impermanent Reputations," PIER Working Paper Archive 03-016, Penn Institute for Economic Research, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania, revised 30 May 2003.
- Martin Cripps & George J Mailath & Larry Samuelson, 2010. "Imperfect Monitoring and Impermanent Reputations," Levine's Working Paper Archive 618897000000000060, David K. Levine.
- Cripps,M.W. & Mailath,G.J. & Samuelson,L., 2002. "Imperfect monitoring and impermanent reputations," Working papers 17, Wisconsin Madison - Social Systems.
- Kreps, David M. & Wilson, Robert, 1982. "Reputation and imperfect information," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 253-279, August.
- David Kreps & Robert Wilson, 1999. "Reputation and Imperfect Information," Levine's Working Paper Archive 238, David K. Levine.
- Milgrom, Paul & Roberts, John, 1982. "Predation, reputation, and entry deterrence," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 27(2), pages 280-312, August.
- Paul Milgrom & John Roberts, 1980. "Predation, Reputation, and Entry Deterrence," Discussion Papers 427, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science.
- Paul Milgrom & John Roberts, 1997. "Predation, reputation , and entry deterrence," Levine's Working Paper Archive 1460, David K. Levine.
- William H. DeLone & Ephraim R. McLean, 1992. "Information Systems Success: The Quest for the Dependent Variable," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 3(1), pages 60-95, March.
- Dina Mayzlin, 2006. "Promotional Chat on the Internet," Marketing Science, INFORMS, vol. 25(2), pages 155-163, 03-04.
- Chrysanthos Dellarocas, 2005. "Reputation Mechanism Design in Online Trading Environments with Pure Moral Hazard," Information Systems Research, INFORMS, vol. 16(2), pages 209-230, June. Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)
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As with all MEMS-based oscillators from SiTime, the new SiT8208 and SiT8209 programmable oscillators, which operate from 1 MHz to 80 MHz and 80 MHz to 220 MHz respectively with supply voltages of 1.8 V and 2.5 to 3.3 V, also deliver six decimal places of accuracy. The programmable drive strength of the device allows a very simple impedance matching and an effective EMI reduction. High-drive options that can be used to drive multiple loads without additional buffers result in a further reduction of the circuit complexity and thus a cost-reduction.
The SiT820X family comes with an array of programmable features, such as frequency, stability and supply voltage, and is suitable for use in telecom, networking, storage and wireless applications. According to customer request, devices of the SiT820X family, with more than 200 derivatives, can be configured as drop in replacements for existing quartz and SAW oscillators and are available in industry standard 3225, 5032 and 7050 packages.
Customized samples of the MEMS-based programmable oscillators, available for both the commercial temperature range of -20 to +70°C and the industrial temperature range of -40 to +85°C, can be shipped in three to five working days and production quantities in three to five weeks after receipt of the order.
Visit MSC at www.msc-ge.com.


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Crowds at Moral Monday continue to grow – The Forward Together Movement is making a difference
With the continued reactionary and regressive actions by the General Assembly it is more important than ever to lend your presence to the Moral Monday protests
The themes of upcoming Moral Mondays:
July 15th — Women's and Family issue
July 22nd — A call to all faiths to recognize their respective tradition's concept of compassion and operationalize it through their community actions.
Anybody seen the Governor? Send a picture to the newspaper?
McCrory apparently fantasizes interactions with "rude" protesters.
'The Decline of North Carolina' reads Wednesday's NY Times lead editorial.
Loss of our progressive image can have huge economic repercussions.
What is the cost of no longer being well thought of, let alone #1, in so many areas?
'Dismantling the beacon of the South' echoes the N&O.
N&O Link to NYTimes editorial http://www.newsobserver.com/2013/07/10/3022097/dismantling-the-beacon-of-the.html
NYTimes editorial http://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/10/opinion/the-decline-of-north-carolina.html?nl=todaysheadlines&emc=edit_th_20130710&_r=0
Republicans hold power in every Southern State
Shift to minority party status particularly reduces African-American political power.
Regressive strategy to "bleach" districts leaves Republican majority among white voters.
North Carolina becomes "a Tea Party test tube".
We need a real jobs plan and we need it now!
Please sign this petition telling the extremists we've had enough of their smoke and mirrors
See http://www.ncdp.org/content/tell-nc-republicans-get-work-jobs
The anti-jobs crowd sent their big guns to Washington to make their case for selling one of North Carolina's largest employers to the Chinese.


text:
Credit Advice
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If a lender pulls your credit report becuase YOU ASKED for new credit or for increased credit then that is a hard inquiry. Hard inquiries have a negative effect on your credit score because history has shown that some of these people subsequently run up large amounts of debt and have trouble repaying.
Hard inquries stay on your credit report for two years. A few will have a relatively small effect on your total credit score, but a lot of inquiries in a few months to a year can have a larger cumulative effect.
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credit report
2 weeks ago i apply for a loan from IFS (innovative Funding Services), anyhow today i see that it effect my credit score. it drop -5 point, i m very dissapointed so do anyone know why?
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PlayStation 3
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- Sony is compensating me for both long "maintenance" periods
TJ_UNLIMITED 4 years ago#1
1. Bad marketing and price made my real life friends choose 360
2. Lost the majority of its exclusives, which negated spending more for the system
3. The two long and unannounced "maintenance" periods (hacking and whatever tf this one is)
4. The lack of motivation to improve the online service despite their competitor outshining them, yet giving us crap most don't care for (Vita stuff anyone?), and to a lesser extent, spicing up the xmb
5. My fat cool looking (and more importantly bc) PS3 dying on my after only 3 years despite taking very good care of it and playing an average of maybe 7 hours a week
6. Letting the competitor get the upper hand with DLC etc while we wait longer for it just to use it with the often inferior version of the game (must have been a way to help devs develop better for it or something)
7. My Sony HDTV dying on me one year after it was manufactured and 9 months after it was purchased. Yeah it was under warranty but I had to jump through flaming hoops to get my new one and the whole thing took a little more than a month
I say all that to say this, I don't trust them to give me a quality product anymore. Sure it was nice to have free online, but I think that was because they didn't know people would pay $50 (now $60) a year to play online and thought they had a major selling point. Now that they know, I expect the PS4 to charge as well.
Gamertag- TJ UNLIMIT3D
Nightmare637 4 years ago#2
They did announce the maintence, and have been giving updates.
With the DLC, which ones were later than Xbox? I don't buy DLC so I don't follow it.
The only one I know about is the Bethesda games.
And that sucks your stuff broke, but my stuff breaks too. Right now I need a new fridge, a new camera, a new car, I need lots of things. I've had stuff break within the warranty as well, stuff that's just out of warranty. It sucks but what can you do? I had an Xbox have 3 problems with it, which I then replaced and haven't had a problem since. I've had 2 PS3s and they've both never had problems.
Edit- I thought they did know that Xbox charged for online. They did it with the original Xbox and 360, which both launched before ps3
1)360 was cheaper. Ps3 is a more advance machine. Do you want them to build a cheaper console?
2) explain
3) They were the victim.
4) They're competitor charges for online service. One of the perks that the ps3 has is free online.
5) Do I have to bring up the 360's failure rate? I had two RROD in the same month.
6) Microsoft has more money due to charging for online and other accessories that the ps3 comes with. Do you want Sony to milk us for every dime possible?
7 The Tv has something to do with the PS3/4 because...
Kooljay95 posted...
1)360 was cheaper. Ps3 is a more advance machine. Do you want them to build a cheaper console?
Just to add to your number 3, Blizzard were hacked last year as well, so it's not like being hacked is exclusive to Sony.
Universquall 4 years ago#6
True it's unfortunate that they didn't spend billions on timed DLC, Getting companies to commit fraud for them and Exclusives like Mass Effect.
NP: Jurassic Park (PS3) Skyrim (PC) Jetpack Joyride, Final Fantasy I (Vita) Nope (WiiU60)
TJ_UNLIMITED (Topic Creator)4 years ago#7
Bekness posted...
With the DLC, which ones were later than Xbox? I don't buy DLC so I don't follow it.
I should've clarified, I meant I think they didn't realize people would pay to play online when they had a free alternative. It was different for the original Xbox and PS2 because PS2 had a meh online service towards the end of it's life. The only thing I knew to be really popular was MGO...and maybe RE Outbreak to a lesser extent, which required a hard drive as well to actually be worth playing online.
Gamertag- TJ UNLIMIT3D
BTW Sony gets some exclusive DLC on multiplat games as well. Please see Assassins Creed.
TJ_UNLIMITED (Topic Creator)4 years ago#9
Bekness posted...
Kooljay95 posted...1)360 was cheaper. Ps3 is a more advance machine. Do you want them to build a cheaper console?
I realize that, but I gave money to Sony, not Blizzard, so it's up to Sony to keep me a satisfied customer. Not to mention, being that Son is a multi-billion dollar worldwide corporation, they have more incentive to keep their security up to par.
Gamertag- TJ UNLIMIT3D
riddlebox89 4 years ago#10
TJ_UNLIMITED posted...
By saving me money on the PS4...since I decided not to buy it. Sony has really disappointed me this gen because of the following:
1, Could've waited for a price drop.
2, Uhh no, the PS3 doesn't lose exclusives, if it's multiplatform, it's multiplatform, just some other console versions take longer to come out.
3, So 24 hours without online gameplay is too much for you?
4, The XMB is fine the way it is, hell look at the 360's dashboard and how it's cluttered with advertisements.
5, How good you take care of it is irrelevant, hell I have an NES top loader that I and my family have tossed around by accident sometimes that still works to this day, the fat PS3's are unreliable.
6, What upper hand? You mean paying millions of dollars to get it for thirty days before everyone else and risk not making that money back through DLC sales? Yeah that's definitely a wise move by Microsoft!
7, That's the thing with electronics, they die, you can't expect to buy something then have it last you ten years and more.
I am a dedicated member of the "Walter Sullivan Is Bad-Ass" group!!!
I am the true originator of the Cookie Demon theory on the SH2 and 3 boards.
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There is no finer way to relax, rejuvenate and restore your mind, body and soul than at a Salamander Spa.
Every property features access to some of the finest therapists and comprehensive services. Spas include:
Salamander Spa, Tampa Bay
Salamander Spa, Tampa Bay is an 18,000 square-foot spa, salon and fitness center that provides the ideal place to gather your thoughts, be surrounded by nature and enjoy the simple beauty of the surroundings. Set amid tranquil scenery in which nature provides a stunning backdrop, Salamander Spa features a relaxation courtyard, treatment terraces and steam rooms.
Reunion Resort
This boutique spa is the pinnacle of serenity and ultimate luxury, offering massage therapy, skin and body treatments, plus nail services, all with the intimacy and warmth of home. Whether in one of our carefully appointed treatment rooms, outdoors on our second story veranda or in the privacy of your suite, it's the ultimate escape. And with the personal attention of our Spa Concierge, no request goes unheeded.
Hammock Beach Resort
Just a shell's throw away from the Atlantic Ocean, The Spa at Hammock Beach Resort draws from the bountiful resources of its unspoiled beach. With two miles of pristine coastline as our inspiration, it was only natural that we align our spa products to what we find here on the shores of the Atlantic. From thalassotherapy products rich with minerals from the sea to coquina-laden scrubs, we have sought out the very best to enhance your spa experience.
Salamander Spa, Middleburg
Our luxurious Virginia resort features one of the nation's most spectacular spas, a 23,000 square-foot center including a tree-house treatment room. Incorporating wellness and fitness through a unique partnership with a renowned medical facility in the Washington, D.C area, the resort brings together the best of traditional and alternative medicines in a relaxing, personalized resort setting.
Salamander Spa, Destin
Our luxurious nature inspired location seamlessly balances both your mind and body through spatial offerings, including private treatment rooms with steam showers and soaking tubs, stunning aromatic steam rooms, luxurious changing areas, sun-lit relaxation spaces, remarkable couples' suites, and a water therapy room with whirlpool tub.