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Sea Survival and Offshore Safety Course
Reach 4 the Wind are running another Sea Survival and Offshore Safety Course and TOG Members would be made most welcome.
Keith Harding, who runs the courses, is a passionate instructor who relates everything to the "real sailing world".
I have attended this course myself and would thoroughly recommend it.
Dave Bond TOG Training Master
To book yourself in please contact Reach 4 the Wind via their website http://www.reach4thewind.com or contact Keith Harding on tel. 07831 431197 or email email@example.com
Be sure to mention TOG when booking.
The Venue for both Days will be as in 2015 The County Hotel, 45 Birmingham Rd, Walsall WS1 2NG five minutes from junction 7 of the M6.
The price for both days is £195.00 per person, or if you which to attend the Sea Survival Day only the price for that day is £125.00, if you have already completed a Sea Survival course in the last five years and which to upgrade your qualification to the RYA/ISAF Offshore Safety Course you will only need to join "Day Two" at a cost of £110.00
RYA Sea Survival Course (Day One) http://www.reach4thewind.com/rya-shore-based/rya-sea-survival/
The Saturday, 11th February 2017, starts at 9.30 a.m. and should be finished by 7 p.m. sorry about the late finish but we can only get the swimming pool from 4.30pm to 6.30pm
For the pool session, you will need to wear oilskins/waterproofs with swimming costume underneath; please ensure your wet weather gear is clean and the pockets empty. You are welcome to wear your own lifejacket but if so they will need servicing post the course or alternatively we can lend you one FOC. Most students go barefoot for the pool session. You will also need a towel etc. (a limited quantity of Wet weather gear by prior notice is available for hire £20.00 per person)
RYA ISAF Offshore Safety Course (Day Two) http://www.reach4thewind.com/rya-shore-based/isaf-safety-course/
Sunday, 12th February 2017, 9 am start and 4.30pm finish.
Mainly in doors, but we will be doing a couple of outside sessions, so you would need to bring some outdoor clothing. Also during the day, we will be doing several practical exercises which will include some floor work.
Both days Tea, Coffee and water is provided, but please bring along a packed lunch. (sandwich shop nearby if needed)
After the weekend, you will be presented with The RYA Basic Sea Survival Certificate and the ISAF/RYA Offshore Safety Course Certificate. Together they satisfy the training required of ISAF Offshore Special Regulation 6.01 for category 0, 1 and category 2 offshore races. It is suitable for skippers and crews of yachts wishing to take part in the Rolex Fastnet Race.


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Shawcross eyes England
Ryan Shawcross is aiming to put in top-class performances for Stoke to earn a call up to the England squad.
Last Updated: 04/07/10 1:42pm
Ryan Shawcross is aiming to put in top-class performances for Stoke to earn a call up to the England squad.
The 22-year-old was rewarded for his impressive displays in the centre of Stoke's defence with a call up for the friendly clash against Egypt in March, where he was named in the matchday squad but was an unused substitute.
But the young defender then missed a lot of Stoke's Premier League run in, serving a suspension for the red card following the challenge which broke Aaron Ramsey's leg, as well as suffering a succession of ankle and foot injuries.
But, now fit and raring to go, he hopes to push on again next term and is eyeing a call up from England boss Fabio Capello, who has spoken of giving youth a chance after the World Cup exit to Germany.
Exceptional players
Shawcross told the Sunday Mirror: "There are a lot of exceptional players out there like John Terry and Rio Ferdinand.
"They you have other top players like Ledley King, Michael Dawson and Jamie Carragher. It's not easy to get into the England side.
"But, as was proven in February by Capello, if a player is doing well then he will call you up on merit. It happened to me.
"Hopefully I can start the new season well and who knows? But I have got to perform with Stoke and that is my primary objective."

subset: commoncrawl


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Chapter 16 Advertising and Public Relations . Objectives. Identify the three major advertising objectives and the two basic categories of advertising. List the major advertising strategies. Describe the process of creating an advertisement. List and compare the major advertising media.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Advertising and Public Relations
Where do you think Quiznos is on the Product Life Cycle? As the Advertising Manager what form of advertising would you recommend?
"What does J. Walter Thompson stand for?
We are for Brands. We are for bringing Brands to life. We are for bringing Brands back to life, where necessary. We are for nurturing, building and sustaining Brands so that this should not become necessary. We are for Brands you can eat, or drink, or drive, or read, or wear, or give, or receive, or join; technological Brands, trendy Brands, traditional Brands. We are for Brands which cross borders and Brands from across the street. More than anything, we are for Branding Ideas vivid enough to make all of these things possible, in every communications channel conceivable. After all, we have our own Branding to think about..."
Two major categories:
Puffery and Deception
Wendy's: Where's the Beef?
Life Alert: I've Fallen, and I Can't Get Up!
Energizer Bunny
Got Milk?
California Raisin Advisory Board: Heard it Through the Grapevine
Chevy trucks: Like a Rock
Playtex Model
Taster'sChoice Soap Opera
Pepsi: Michael Jackson on Fire Grapevine
Budweiser: Croaking Frogs
This is Your Brain on Drugs
Federal government: Crash Test Dummies
Pets.com: Because Pets Can't Drive Grapevine
New Coke: Max Headroom


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Although genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified numerous loci associated with complex traits, imprecise modeling of the genetic relatedness within study samples may cause substantial inflation of test statistics and possibly spurious associations. Variance component approaches, such as efficient mixed-model association (EMMA), can correct for a wide range of sample structures by explicitly accounting for pairwise relatedness between individuals, using high-density markers to model the phenotype distribution; but such approaches are computationally impractical. We report here a variance component approach implemented in publicly available software, EMMA eXpedited (EMMAX), that reduces the computational time for analyzing large GWAS data sets from years to hours. We apply this method to two human GWAS data sets, performing association analysis for ten quantitative traits from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort and seven common diseases from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium. We find that EMMAX outperforms both principal component analysis and genomic control in correcting for sample structure.
GWASs may utilize either case-control cohorts to test for associations with diseases or population cohorts to identify associations with quantitative traits. In both cases, it is assumed that the cohorts consist of unrelated individuals that share the same population background, although this may not hold in practice for cohorts used in many current GWASs. The presence of related individuals within a study sample results in sample structure, a term that encompasses population stratification and hidden relatedness. Population stratification refers to the inclusion of individuals from different populations within the same study sample. Hidden relatedness refers to the presence of unknown genetic relationships between individuals within the study sample1,2. The effects of sample structure present in cohorts used for genetic association studies have been well documented and identified as a cause for some spurious associations3,4.
Although limiting study samples entirely to unrelated individuals may be difficult or impossible, genotype data provides valuable information on the sample structure that can inform genetic association analysis. For example, the STRUCTURE software5 uses genotype data to partition the sample into subpopulations within which there is no sample structure and subsequently carries out association tests within the identified subpopulations. To eliminate the effects of hidden relatedness, one can estimate the proportion of genes identical by descent (IBD) between any pair of individuals in the sample and exclude from the analysis those individuals that appear closely related1,6. Population stratification and hidden relatedness, however, constitute just two extreme manifestations of sample structure, and methods are needed to correct for other forms of sample structure. In the genomic control approach7,8, which has been widely adopted, the distribution of test statistics from the single-marker analysis is used to estimate the inflation factor, λ, with which the test statistics are subsequently rescaled, constraining the risk of false positives. The EIGENSTRAT software9,10 uses principal components analysis (PCA) to detect and describe sample structure and has been widely used in GWASs. Some principal components may represent broad differences across individuals within a given data set, effectively capturing a few major axes of population structure, but it is unclear how to interpret the rest of the principal components as surrogates of sample structure11,12. Currently, association studies typically use a combination of these strategies, first identifying close relatives to remove them from analysis, then correcting for broad sample structure using principal components or spatial information and finally correcting for the residual inflation with genomic control6,13,14.
If we knew the complete genealogy of the population, we could, in principle, apply a variance component method to model the effects of the genetic relationships on the phenotypes; this approach would be similar in spirit to the classical polygenic model15 directly applied to association mapping16. The variance component would capture the complex mixture of both population stratification and hidden relatedness that directly results from the genealogy and would correct for these relationships during the mapping. Although the exact genetic relationships between individuals in the samples are unknown, we could take advantage of the high-density genotype information to empirically estimate the level of relatedness between reportedly unrelated individuals.
We report here an approach for correcting for sample structure within GWASs, based on a linear mixed model (also sometimes referred to as a mixed linear model) with an empirically estimated relatedness matrix to model the correlation between phenotypes of sample subjects. Similar variance component approaches have been used successfully in animal models17-19. However, applying even an efficient implementation of a variance component approach, such as EMMA (ref. 19), is computationally intractable for data sets consisting of thousands of individuals, owing to the heavy computational burden in the estimation of variance parameters. Capitalizing on the characteristics of complex traits in humans, we make a few simplifying assumptions that allow us to markedly increase the speed of computations, making our approach readily applicable to GWASs with tens of thousands of individuals assayed at hundreds of thousands of SNPs. For most genetic association studies in humans, because the effect of any given locus on the trait is very small20, we need to estimate the variance parameters only once for each data set, and we can globally apply them to each marker. Our computational improvements reduce the running time for the analysis of a typical GWAS data set using a variance component model from years to hours. The advantage of the variance component approach is that the empirical relatedness matrix encodes a wide range of sample structures, including both hidden relatedness and population stratification. Principal component–based methods, in contrast, by estimating major axes of the pairwise genetic similarity matrix, capture some, but not all, of the sample structure, as we show below.
We evaluate our method using two human GWAS data sets, from the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC66)13,21 and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC)6. The NFBC66 is based on a founder population, which is expected to minimize genetic heterogeneity, increasing the chances of mapping genes underlying traits of interest22. This is an ideal sample to evaluate our method because a detailed study23 of this data set has revealed the presence of substantial population structure that could influence the results of genetic association studies. In addition, we apply our method to the case-control studies for seven common complex diseases conducted by the WTCCC6. In both data sets, our method consistently outperforms both genomic control and principal component analysis. We term our method EMMA eXpedited (EMMAX) because it builds on the previous approach EMMA (ref. 19) and markedly reduces the computational cost.
To more closely examine the extent of sample structure within the NFBC66, we used PCA of the genotype covariance matrix9 and multidimensional scaling analysis (MDS) of the identity-by-state (IBS) matrix from NFBC66 samples. The first two coordinates identified by MDS are known to correlate well with the geographical location of the linguistic groups13. The first two principal components in the current sample correlate well with latitude and longitude of parental birthplaces for the subset of individuals with known ancestry (Fig. 1). Indeed, we noted that PCA of genotypes and classical MDS of the IBS matrix lead to very similar results. There is a correlation coefficient of 0.9993 between the first components from PCA and MDS and a correlation coefficient of 0.9978 between the second components. The first five principal components separate to varying degrees the linguistic and geographic subgroups comprising northern Finland (Supplementary Fig. 1), consistent with the previous analysis using MDS13. Despite the clear correlation between geographical regions of origin and the first two principal components, clustering analyses of the IBS matrix using PLINK software or hierarchical clustering in R did not identify separate subgroups.
Performing a simple uncorrected association test for each of the nine phenotypes originally examined in ref. 13, we made the following estimates of the genomic control parameters λ: body mass index, 1.031; C-reactive protein (CRP), 1.007; diastolic blood pressure, 1.031; glucose, 1.045; high-density lipoprotein (HDL), 1.052; insulin plasma levels, 1.029; low-density lipoprotein, 1.098; systolic blood pressure, 1.066; triglyceride, 1.023. These values are all higher than the ones obtained previously with a smaller sample size13 and are substantially higher than what one would expect in a sample with no structure. In addition, the height phenotype, which was not analyzed in the previous study13, has a λ value of 1.187. For reference, note that a conservative estimate of the 95% confidence interval of the inflation factor is between 0.992 and 1.008, assuming independence between the markers.
As hidden relatedness is a possible cause of inflated genomic control parameters, we reanalyzed the data after excluding a larger number of possibly related subjects (a genome-wide IBD estimate of >10% was used as a cutoff with PLINK software, excluding an additional 611 individuals). This resulted in a slight reduction of λ for some phenotypes (Table 1).
As suggested in ref. 9, we explored the effect of including a variable number of principal components in the association tests. Although including two or five principal components are included has a considerable effect on the λ values, further augmenting the number of principal components does not substantially decrease the genomic control parameter (Fig. 2). It is often suggested that only principal components having predictive power for the phenotype should be included in the regression11. We identified principal components for each phenotype that have a t-test P < 0.005 as predictors; the results of their inclusion in the association tests are reported in Figure 2.
We analyzed the ten NFBC66 phenotypes with EMMAX using a three-step procedure (see Online Methods). First, we computed a pairwise relatedness matrix from high-density markers, which we used to represent the sample structure. Second, we estimated the contribution of the sample structure to the phenotype using a variance component model, resulting in an estimated covariance matrix of phenotypes that models the effect of genetic relatedness on the phenotypes. Third, we applied a generalized least square (GLS) F-test24, or alternatively a score test25, at each marker to detect associations accounting for the sample structure using the covariance matrix.
The second step also provides us with the fraction of phenotypic variance explained by the empirically estimated relatedness matrix. We call this fraction pseudoheritability because it resembles the heritability estimated from a pedigree26, although this is not directly interchangeable with heritability of the trait because the estimated pairwise relatedness does not correspond exactly to the kinship coefficients. Nonetheless, the pseudoheritability estimates are concordant with the previous heritability estimates from a large family based study of Kosrae and Sardinian populations27,28. Different methods for estimating the pairwise relatedness provide slightly different but highly correlated estimates of pseudoherit-ability across the ten traits. (Supplementary Table 1).
Using the estimated covariance matrix, we proceeded with the GLS F-test to test the effect of each marker on the phenotype and then applied genomic control to quantify the amount of residual inflation. The genomic control λ parameters we obtained with EMMAX are much lower than those obtained using either standard association methods or regression analysis including 100 principal components (Table 1). Figure 3 and Supplementary Figure 2 illustrate the results using quantile-quantile plots of the P value distributions from these three tests. Only one of the ten phenotypes showed λ values within the 95% confidence interval of 0.992–1.008 with uncorrected or principal component analysis, whereas all of them fell in the confidence interval with EMMAX.
Unlike genomic control, the EMMAX model alters the ranking of SNPs by their association statistics. This is especially important as many recent GWAS follow-up and multistage design studies take the approach of genotyping all SNPs exceeding some predefined threshold29-31. We examined the extent to which the adoption of the EMMAX model changes the SNP rankings in comparison to the uncorrected and principal component analyses. We took the top k markers from the results of EMMAX, the uncorrected method, and regression including 100 principal components (as implemented in EIGENSOFT software), for k between 10 and 5,000. For each of these sets, we calculated the number of SNPs shared between the lists and the fraction of these shared SNPs relative to the number of unique SNPs in each pair of lists. Although many of the top SNPs reported by each method overlap, a considerable number of highly ranked SNPs differ between the methods (Fig. 4 and Supplementary Table 2). In general, EMMAX results are similar to uncorrected analysis when the inflation of test statistics is small, but they become more similar to the PCA as the inflation increases. Notably, the PCA consistently shows larger departures from the uncorrected analysis than EMMAX does across all ten phenotypes. For example, when the overdispersion of test statistics was negligible, such as in the CRP phenotype, only 66% of the top 2,000 hits were concordant between the principal component and the uncorrected analysis, whereas 89% were concordant between EMMAX and the uncorrected analysis.
EMMAX prevents the overdispersion of test statistics using a statistical model that explicitly takes into account sample structure, rather than correcting the overdispersed test statistics caused by not taking into account genetic relatedness in the statistical model. Consequently, EMMAX can also prevent the overcorrection that would remove true positive associations. We identified 15 genome-wide significant loci with at least one of the uncorrected, 100 principal components–corrected, or EMMAX, analyses after genomic control at the suggested P threshold32 of 7.2 × 10−8 across the ten phenotypes (Table 2). In 13 of the 15 loci, EMMAX P values become smaller than the uncorrected analysis. The two-sided binomial P value of the observed asymmetry is 9.8 × 10−4 if two methods have the same statistical power. With the 100 principal components–corrected analysis, 10 of the 15 loci show smaller P values than the uncorrected analysis (binomial P value of 0.12). Although 12 of the 15 loci are found by all methods to be genome-wide significant at P < 7.2 × 10−8, two known loci33, APOB (with triglyceride) and HNF4A (with HDL), pass the threshold only with EMMAX. In contrast, the locus NR1H3 (with HDL), which is genome-wide significant only with uncorrected analysis, turns out to be the only locus whose association has not yet been replicated by an independent study among the 15 loci.
Because EMMAX estimates the variance parameters under the null hypothesis, one may suspect that it is underpowered compared to the full mixed model, which estimates the variance parameters under the alternative hypothesis. This is comparable to the difference between the score statistic and the efficient score statistic25,34,35. As most genetic variants associated to date with human complex traits are estimated to explain only a small fraction of phenotypic variance20, the difference between the two approaches will be negligible in most cases. To assess the seriousness of this concern, we ran the original EMMA, which uses a full mixed effect model, on the 15 peak SNPs and compared the resulting P values to those estimated with EMMAX using GLS. Overall, as expected, the P values from the full mixed effect model tended to be smaller than the P value from the GLS model, but the magnitude of the difference was very small (Supplementary Fig. 3a). However, the running times for EMMA were substantially longer. Because the original EMMA re-estimates the variance parameters at each marker, given the size of the NFBC data set, it took more than 10 min of CPU time per marker on an Intel Xeon 3-GHz processor, even with an efficient C implementation of EMMA. A simple extrapolation suggests that it would take more than 6 years of CPU time to analyze a single GWAS data set using EMMA, taking a full mixed model approach. The total computational time using EMMAX for this data was 6.6 h in a single CPU, and the procedure could easily be parallelized to speed it up further.
We also applied our method to the WTCCC data set consisting of case-control studies for seven common diseases6. To analyze case-control phenotypes, we applied a linear model to the binary phenotypes, in the spirit of Armitage's test (see Online Methods). We performed association testing over the seven disease phenotypes using EMMAX, EIGENSTRAT and uncorrected analysis. The values we observed for inflation factors λ were very similar to those in the original study, in which the test statistics were uncorrected: bipolar disease, 1.11; coronary artery disease, 1.06; Crohn's disease, 1.10; hypertension, 1.06; rheumatoid arthritis, 1.03; type 1 diabetes, 1.04; and type 2 diabetes, 1.07. Consistent with our observations over the NFBC66 data, correcting for 100 principal components only partially reduced the inflation factors (Table 3 and Supplementary Fig. 2). When EMMAX was applied, the estimated inflation factors were below the upper bound of the confidence interval, suggesting that none of the phenotypes show significant inflation of test statistics.
However, we noticed that two of the phenotypes, rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, show significant deflation of test statistics beyond the 95% confidence interval (λ = 0.965 for rheumatoid arthritis, λ = 0.946 for type 1 diabetes). This is not unexpected, considering that a substantial fraction of the phenotypic variance in these autoimmune diseases is explained by the HLA loci, leading to inaccurate estimation of variance parameters under the null hypothesis when the HLA effect is not accounted for. In fact, the set of genome-wide significant SNPs (P < 7.2 × 10−8; ref. 32) in this region account for 47% and 60% of the phenotypic variance of rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, respectively6. We re-estimated the variance parameters by conditioning on the 57 and 134 SNPs within the extended human MHC region36 that explain more than 1% of phenotypic variance of rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes, respectively (as described in the Supplementary Note). As a result, the genomic control λ increased to 0.989 for rheumatoid arthritis and 0.991 for type 1 diabetes. We performed this conditioning procedure only for estimating variance parameters and not in the SNP association test so that the P values would be consistent with the unconditioned analysis. Conditioning on the SNPs with such a strong effect may further improve the power to identify novel loci. A more sophisticated conditional analysis—for example, one including haplotype effects or epistatic interactions into covariates—may also better account for the strong effects in the autoimmune diseases37.
Under certain conditions, one can expect the variance of the test statistics to be inflated by a constant across the genome7,8. A formal model of hidden relatedness based on the coalescent theory1 also suggests a constant inflation across the genome when the sample structure is entirely due to hidden relatedness7. However, for a more complex genealogical relationship among individuals, it is not clear how the inflation of test statistics will behave.
Using the same variance component framework, we developed a method to estimate the marker-specific inflation of test statistics using the correlation between each marker and the empirically estimated kinship matrix (described in the Supplementary Note). These estimates are concordant with the genome-wide genomic control inflation factor on average but show substantial differences across the SNPs (Fig. 5a). In the height phenotype, for example, the estimated marker-specific inflation factors have a mean of 1.107, s.d. of 0.090 and median value of 1.093. In light of this, we explored the relationship between marker-specific inflation factors and the overdispersion of test statistics with the uncorrected analysis. The distribution of height association P values for SNPs with inflation factors <1.05 shows a less marked departure from uniform distribution than does the distribution for SNPs with inflation factors >1.20 (Fig. 5b,c). Considering that SNPs with a higher inflation factor were identified without consideration of their possible association with the phenotype, it is reasonable to conclude that this excess of small P values reflects overdispersion of test statistics.
These results underscore how correcting the test statistics using a single inflation factor may be inappropriate, possibly reducing power and not sufficiently controlling for false positives. To further demonstrate this point, we ran a simple simulation using the variance component model on which EMMAX is based. Although simulating data under this model puts our method at an advantage, and the approach is therefore less suited for comparison to other models, it does demonstrate that under some circumstances uniformly deflating P values may be inappropriate. We randomly simulated 100 sets of phenotypes solely from the sample structure with no SNP effects and examined the quantile-quantile plots across different methods. Although the inflation for most of the SNPs is corrected by genomic control as expected, we observed substantial fluctuations of the test statistics at the tail of the distribution (Supplementary Fig. 4a,b).
More than 25% of the phenotypes showed inflation or deflation beyond the 95% confidence interval. This is because the SNPs with higher per-marker inflation are not sufficiently corrected by the constant genomic control inflation factor. In contrast, EMMAX results in P values close to the expected distribution (Supplementary Fig. 4c).
The finding that marker-specific inflation factors vary substantially across the genome has notable implications for meta-analyses and multistage analyses. Such studies typically combine the test statistics after correcting for potential inflation using genomic control30,31,38. The disadvantages of using the same global correction rather than a marker-specific one can become more serious when this step is done repeatedly. To better understand these effects in the context of meta-analysis, we first compared the marker-specific inflation factors between the two WTCCC control groups, collected from essentially the same population. We observed a very strong correlation (r = 0.95; Supplementary Fig. 5a). We further compared the inflation factors across different populations and different genotyping platforms using the NFBC66 samples and WTCCC control samples. We observed a strong correlation of r = 0.70 (Supplementary Fig. 5b), suggesting that the marker-specific inflation factors can be correlated across the multiple data sets used in meta-analysis or multistage analysis owing to the shared genetic history. If this is the case, the standard approach that corrects with genomic control before merging the P values from different studies may lead to further inaccuracies: tests at some markers would be excessively, or not sufficiently, deflated multiple times, resulting in an accumulation of errors.
We report here the development of the EMMAX program, taking an expedited mixed linear model approach to correct for sample structure within human GWASs. We demonstrate its effectiveness with the analysis of two human GWAS data sets, including quantitative as well as disease traits. The proposed approach differs substantially from genomic control in that it accounts for inflation owing to population structure in a marker-specific manner, resulting in a modified ranking of association results. Accounting for marker-specific effects can reduce both false positives and false negatives. We discuss this issue in more detail in the Supplementary Note.
There are several other methods that take into account pedigree-based or empirically estimated kinship matrices in the statistical test39-42. One of the key differences between these methods and the mixed model methods, including EMMAX, is that the mixed model methods have a procedure for estimating the contribution of the kinship matrix to the phenotypes, whereas the other methods do not. Estimating the phenotypic variance contributed by the sample structure enabled us to avoid undercorrection or overcorrection of the sample structure in the NFBC66 and WTCCC data sets.
The effective application of our method depends on an appropriate estimate of the variance parameters. The IBS or Balding-Nichols matrix43 appears to be better than IBD estimates at capturing the long-distance relationships that result in variations at the population level. However, when the structure of the sample at hand is better described in terms of fairly recent hidden relatedness, methods based on the estimation of IBD may have an advantage. In principle, our approach is also suitable for association testing in a data set including individuals from a heterogeneous population with admixed background. In such cases, it is important to consider SNP ascertainment bias in estimating the degree of relatedness between individuals. Because many SNP probes in genotyping arrays are selected from European populations, the marker-based pairwise distance between two individuals may appear to be larger between unrelated European samples than between unrelated individuals from other populations. To resolve the resulting ascertainment bias, each SNP may be differently weighted when the IBS similarity matrix is computed. A general framework has been presented19 for computing the similarity matrix with a different weight for each marker. Different weighting schemes can also be used to account for heterogeneous distribution of effect size from each marker or each genomic region.
Besides the choice of the kinship matrix, the estimation of variance parameters is also a crucial part of the EMMAX approach. In our analysis of the NFBC data, we show that estimating these parameters under the null hypothesis does not lead to appreciable bias in the association P values. The example of rheumatoid arthritis and type 1 diabetes in the WTCCC data set, in contrast, reveals the difficulties encountered by EMMAX when there are SNPs explaining a large fraction of phenotypic variance. In such cases, we show that estimating variance parameters conditionally on the SNPs with stronger effects alleviates these concerns.
Finally, whereas the analysis presented here relies on decomposing the variance into two terms, a genetic relatedness component and a component representing residual effects, future studies may need to account for additional variance components to more precisely model the heterogeneous phenotypic variance. In expression quantitative trait loci mapping, for example, one may want to add additional variance components to account for technical bias44. When multiple variance components are involved, one would need to make use of algorithms such as PROC MIXED implemented in SAS, as EMMA is developed for two variance components only; this would increase the running time of the first step of our procedure. However, because the same variance components estimated from the null hypothesis would be used across the genome-wide markers, the overall computational time should still be acceptable.
Methods and any associated references are available in the online version of the paper at http://www.nature.com/naturegenetics/.
We thank the NFBC66 team for access to phenotype and genotype data used in the analyses presented here. The genotype data were generated at the Broad Institute with support from National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute grant 6R01HL087679-03. We thank D. Clayton for reading through the manuscript and for providing important suggestions. We acknowledge the WTCCC for allowing us to use their data set. H.M.K., N.A.Z., J.H.S. and E.E. are supported by National Science Foundation grants 0513612, 0731455 and 0729049, and National Institutes of Health (NIH) grants 1K25HL080079 and U01-DA024417. N.A.Z. is supported by the Microsoft Research Fellowship. H.M.K. is supported by the Samsung Scholarship, National Human Genome Research Institute grant HG00521401, National Institute for Mental Health grant NH084698 and GlaxoSmithKline. C.S. is partially supported by NIH grants GM053275-14, HL087679-01, P30 1MH083268, 5PL1NS062410-03, 5UL1DE019580-03 and 5RL1MH083268-03. N.B.F. and S.K.S. are supported by NIH grants HL087679-03, 5PL1NS062410-03, 5UL1DE019580-03 and 5RL1MH083268-03. This research was supported in part by the University of California, Los Angeles subcontract of contract N01-ES-45530 from the National Toxicology Program and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to Perlegen Sciences.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS H.M.K., J.H.S., C.S. and E.E. designed the methods and experiments; H.M.K., J.H.S., S.K.S., S.-y.K., N.B.F., C.S. and E.E. jointly analyzed the NFBC66 data set; H.M.K., J.H.S., N.A.Z., C.S. and E.E. jointly analyzed the WTCCC data set; H.M.K., J.H.S., S.K.S., N.B.F., C.S. and E.E. wrote the manuscript; all authors contributed their critical reviews of the manuscript during its preparation.
Note: Supplementary information is available on the Nature Genetics website.
COMPETING FINANCIAL INTERESTS The authors declare no competing financial interests.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Whether you're a fan of movies, sports, or exotic foods, we all want to show off the things we love. Some people show it off with fashion sense or parties, but there are all kinds of creative ways you can proudly proclaim your fandom and connect with other people who love the things you do! Here are a few ideas.
1. Start a Blog
The Internet is a great place to talk about your favorite things, and you don't have to be a professional to start up a blog! People like Lindsey Stone blog about their favorite entertainment in their spare time while following completely different career paths. All you need to start a fan blog is a decent grasp of written language and a passion for talking about what you love. Of course, if you'd rather not write it out, you can always start a video blog channel on YouTube or Vimeo. Who knows? Maybe people will love what you say and they'll become fans of you!
2. Attend Events
In today's world, it's easy to find events near you that celebrate everything from food to performing arts to writing. You could attend a comic book convention, jump on the bandwagon for tickets to athletic games, or go to museums hosting displays you're especially interested in. If there are no events near you, you can always host one yourself. Throw a bring-your-own-board game party or a midsummer exotic meats barbecue. Make sure to get the word out in your town's newspaper or on their website! It's a great way to meet more people that share your interests.
3. Study Up On It
Maybe you're not interested in a big social gathering. That's OK, because you can still improve yourself as a fan just by learning more about what you love! This could include following other people's blogs or YouTube channels, watching documentaries, or checking out books from the library on your favorite topic. You may feel like you're the only one in your town who likes Monopoly, cosplaying, or karate, but there have been thousands of people before you to love it, and reading or watching their thoughts on it may inspire you!
4. Decorate
One of the most fun ways to show off what you love is by decorating your home or your office cubicle. You don't need to go overboard with it, but if you find an action figure for your favorite comic book character or score a signed poster of your favorite singer, don't be afraid to show it off! It shows off your personality and makes your office or home really feel like it reflects you.
5. Seek Out Collectibles
Even if you don't feel like redecorating your home or office, it's still very cool to have a collection related to your hobby. From posters to jerseys to signed movie scripts, you can find awesome items relating to the things you love — especially if you look online! Plus, any time someone asks you what you want for Christmas or your birthday, you have an easy answer.
These are just a few of the ways fans all over the world show off the things they love. Why be a fan of something if you're just going to keep it to yourself? Join in the fun, express yourself, and make new friends along the way!


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Photo: Christine Blackburne
There's no question about it: The rose gold trend isn't going anywhere. The color is adored by the glam squads who make a living helping stars look gorgeous. "The pink cast warms up any complexion," says celebrity makeup artist Jenny Patinkin. As a bonus, the gold tones in the hot hue attract light and neutralize redness, ensuring that you look red carpet-ready. Rock the super-flattering shade in your lips, nails, hair, and makeup with these luminous new beauty buys.
Photo: Narscosmetics.com
Photo: Neimanmarcus.com
Photo: Chloeandisabel.com
Photo: Sephora.com
Photo: Target.com
Photo: Macys.com
Photo: Sephora.com


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Lg Realty Team
Listed by Bean Group / Portsmouth
This home has all your needs for convenient, single-floor living. The flow in this home is wonderful. Exposed brick and stone detail add charm and warmth inside. Take full advantage of the outdoors with the good-sized backyard. Enjoy toasting marshmallows this fall and winter by the custom fire pit!
Date Showings Begin:
Delayed Showing: No


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
49 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Citotel Europe Perros-Guirec is offering 24 tastefully furnished rooms to those seeking accommodation in Perros-Guirec. If you feel like having a meal not included in your chosen type of catering, you can always taste local dishes in the restaurant of the hotel. Parking possibility for your vehicle is available nearby. Nearby bike rental, bowling, minigolf, diving, surfing and boat rental opportunities will provide an excellent chance to spend your leisure time actively. In the safe your valuables can be the safely secured. You can also bring your laptop for the holiday, for there is wireless Internet connection (WiFi) available at the hotel. If you wish to learn more about the exact scope of services provided by Citotel Europe Perros-Guirec (including any available for an extra fee), you will find them on the information sheet below.
Payment Credit card guarantee or advance bank card payment may be necessary for finalizing your reservation, depending on the exact room, date and price.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest check-in time to your room is 16:00, the latest check-out time from your room is 11:00. You will be able to speak with the personnel in French and English languages.
Citotel Europe Perros-Guirec rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
Relaxation: Squash, Minigolf, Bowling, Bike rental at the accommodation
Scuba diving nearby, Surfing nearby, Boat rental nearby
Pet friendly (8 €/night), Safe deposit box
Own restaurant
Hairdryer, Desk in the room


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In Chota Bheem Book Cricket you can play cricket as you have never played before, using a book. This magical book determines the outcome of the game. First you have to choose your team. You can select between a variety of countries. Then you have to decide how many overs you would like to play. Then to begin, you are going to choose heads or tails in a coin toss. When the game begins, you are flipping through the pages of the book and when you click the Play button, the page number you stop at determines the runs earned or if there is an out. Good luck in Chota Bheem Book Cricket.
Play Game


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Indulge your girly and rebellious sides at once with BDANE! Crossing romantic floral embroidery with edgy stud accents, this cute little bag, which can be carried as a clutch or worn as a crossbody, offers the best of both worlds!
Receive Free Ground Shipping on orders over $75 by entering promotional code SMCAFREE75 at checkout. Free Shipping promotion is valid within Canada except for the three territories; Northwest Territories, Nunavut, and Yukon. Please note this promotion may not be combined with any other offers unless explicitly noted. The SMCAFREE75 code is not valid on Clearance Items.
Xpresspost orders must be submitted by 1:00 PM EST to be shipped the same day. Orders placed after 1:00 EST will ship the following business day.
For further details, please visit our Shipping Policy page.
For your convenience, we accept online returns at Steve Madden stores within Canada. We gladly accept returns of unworn merchandise within 30 days of delivery.
If there is no store near you then you may obtain return authorization via phone, Live Chat, e-mail or by signing into your account and going into your order. The authorization requests must be made within 30 days from when your order is delivered.
Shipping charges are not refundable and there is a $6.95 per order return fee that covers restocking and postage back to the warehouse. Clearance items and earring purchases cannot be returned or exchanged.
Click here to view our full Return Policy


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Don't expect rupee to breach 56.50 in next 1-2 months: Manish Wadhawan, HSBC
ET Now: After the kind of moves that we saw in the currency yesterday, what can happen in the near term?
Manish Wadhawan: Whenever the rupee moves by 50 to 75 paise, you hear these kinds of sensational news that the rupee could go down to 62 or 65, whatever those numbers are. It should be looked into a bit of perspective what we are talking about since 1st of January this year when we say YTD, the rupee has moved in tandem with Asian currencies.
It is just down 1.7% versus other Asian peers which are even down to the dollar. So I would say that first of all yesterday's move in the international markets had some kind of an impact on the rupee, but if you see, what has happened in last six months, the rupee has moved just in tandem with other Asian currencies. We do not have view that the rupee is going to be depreciating too much.
It is seasonal also that in the month of April and May you see a lot of demand for dollars in the system and the trade deficit is also pretty high, but it is going to get balanced out with the flows which are expected or which are happening already in the system. I think it does not look like that the rupee could breach 56.50 in any case even in the next one or two months. Beyond that it will depend on international developments the way it works out.
ET Now: But what seems to be a bit of a puzzle right now is the way the rupee has plunged 2% in a week when we have seen inflows of close $2.4 billion. So what is driving it lower when it comes to this equation?
Manish Wadhawan: See, what happens in the Indian market is there are bunch of inflows or bunch of outflows and if there is a mismatch, which is a very recurring phenomena, you could see that. It happened in conjunction with what was happening in international markets. The dollar was strengthening for the last 15 to 20 days and if you see the Asian peers, whether it was Korean won or Singapore dollar or the Japanese yen, everything was weakening against the USD.
It was in that tandem only the rupee has also moved. Beyond that there is one more phenomena which we will have to accept in terms of holding of FIIs in terms of the government bond holdings, I am talking about the debt and the equity holdings in this country have become now pretty large. They are more than something like $50 billion now. The underline of these assets also creates a bit of volatility if they have the right or they have access to the NDFs also. The non-deliverable forwards, the offshore market and whenever there is an arbitrage available between for these counter parties, you could see a small amount moving here and there which could be something like $2 to $2.5 billion in a matter of two days. This also adds to volatility.
So I would say these are the two important factors, the bunching up of demand sometimes and the supply not being there at that point of time which can take 10 days or 15 days and besides that the onshore-offshore arbitrage which is available to these players, these are the two prime reasons. But I would still reiterate that nothing unusual has happened in the rupee. Yes, yesterday you saw Nikkei swinging 13% intraday. Taking that into context it is quite sable. There is nothing much sensational about it.


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Gypsy Sally's Presents a FREE show in our Vinyl Lounge!
Mindy Miller
Wed, March 29, 2017
Doors: 5:30 pm / Show: 7:30 pmVinyl Lounge at Gypsy Sally's
This event is 21 and overhttps://www.gypsysallys.com/event/1422123/
Mindy Miller
Equal parts Country and Rock, with a grassroots style and a beautiful, lilting, yet powerful voice, Mindy Miller is an unmistakable presence on stage. Her songwriting skills coupled with an experienced soulfulness seem to almost magically transcend her youth. A flavorful mixture of country and bluesrock, Mindy has a song for any ear.
Venue Information:
Vinyl Lounge at Gypsy Sally's
3401 K Street NW
Washington, DC, 20007
Vinyl Lounge at Gypsy Sally's
3401 K Street NW
Washington, DC, 20007


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Today's high is in the twenties. I'd say that's definitely soup weather. We had one good week where the highs were all in the upper fifties, but now the cold has really set in. I'm hoping warmer weather is on its way, but until then, I'm going to eat soup and try to stay warm!Continue Reading
Dinner and a Story: Saucy Honey Apple Pork Tenderloin
You've heard of dinner and a movie. Here's my version: dinner and a story. I gave you the recipe for my creamy roasted garlic mashed potatoes earlier this week. Serve those with this saucy honey apple pork tenderloin and a side of green beans sautéed with a little soy sauce until they're bright green, but still crisp. Then, follow that up with the dark chocolate cake with cream cheese frosting that I posted last year around this time and you've got yourself an amazing, at home Valentine's meal. So there's dinner and here's the story:Continue Reading
Gambas Al Ajillo (Spanish Garlic Shrimp)
Two years ago this month I had one of the most amazing experiences – I went to Spain for the first time. The school where I worked needed chaperones for the annual Upper School exchange program with a school in Spain. They already had two men going on the trip and really needed a woman, so even though I taught middle school Spanish, I was asked to chaperone. We went for ten days and had the most incredible experiences visiting cultural sites, exploring new cities, and enjoying some of the most delicious food!Continue Reading
Spicy Sweet Potato White Bean Burgers
These vegan burgers will satisfy your hunger, but also leave you craving more! They are the perfect blend of spicy and sweet, with a little tangy avocado mash that makes each flavor stand out! In this recipe, you will use baked sweet potatoes to bring out the natural sweetness of the dish as well as Italian seasoned breadcrumbs to give the outside of your burger a nice crispy texture. The Italian herbs combine well with the chipotle chili powder, cumin, and cayenne pepper to create a complex flavor that won't bore you.Continue Reading
Tutorial: Baked Sweet Potato
Time for tutorial number two! You can check out my first tutorial here to read what these tutorials are all about and to get an awesome recipe for delicious creole seasoning!
I don't know if you have noticed, but I love sweet potatoes. Yea. Who knew?! They are an amazing complex carbohydrate that is full of fiber and lots of delicious sweetness all on their own. The best way to bring that sweet flavor out is to bake them whole in the oven.Continue Reading


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According to a couple of "high industry sources," NBC will make an announcement in May that will replace as host of The Tonight Show. As of right now, the network is saying that there are no real plans for this to even happen, but the story is coming from The Hollywood Reporter... What's so bizarre about all of this is that replaced Jay Leno, only to be fired months into his job. NBC seems to continually make bad choices surrounding it's late night programming -- jokes Jay knows all too well.
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Project Gnome Atomic Explosion Site
Loving, New Mexico
Could an atomic bomb, exploded underground, melt an underground salt deposit? The Atomic Energy Commission believed that it could -- and if it could, then the superhot salt, safely buried, could turn nearby water into steam that could then be piped to turbines to generate electricity! That was the idea anyway.
On December 10, 1961, a 3-kiloton bomb was exploded only 1,200 feet below the surface. Steam and smoke poured from the hole -- but it was radioactive, making the experiment useless and rendering the site off-limits for days. The hole was eventually plugged and a plaque now marks the spot, and warns visitors against digging for souvenirs. That's prudent, as this is the most accessible atomic explosion site in the U.S. -- only 40 minutes' drive from downtown Carlsbad.


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Do I really need the front swaybar on my 1982 Brat. I am going to use it mostly for 4wheeling and on my other 4wheelers (jeeps mostly) I just tossed the thing in the trash with no real detriment to street driving. I know I will get better articulation without the sway bar......has anyone tried this?
(and I do know that I can make quick disconnects for it I so desire)
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Guest Message by DevFuse
removing the front swaybar....permanently
Started by greggbrat , Apr 14 2004 12:04 AM
3 replies to this topic
Posted 14 April 2004 - 12:04 AM
Posted 14 April 2004 - 01:06 AM
Try doing a search. . . Using "sway bar", this is what came up.
Posted 14 April 2004 - 02:45 AM
Most of us don't run them.
Posted 14 April 2004 - 12:50 PM
On-road, without the bar, I think the tires seem to roll under easyier giving unexpected results in turns. If I was on the road, I'd keep it and make a disconnect. I'm strictly off-road now and I wouldn't have it on.
Disconnect it and tell us what you think?
82 Hatch, well it started that way....
01 Forester, still is a forester....
Disconnect it and tell us what you think?
82 Hatch, well it started that way....
01 Forester, still is a forester....
0 user(s) are reading this topic
0 members, 0 guests, 0 anonymous users


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Can you say work? I mean, just last week Chad said for us to expect this single drop and two days after release we have the video too. Yaaas! This Djenga production is all Locnville flavoured and in the visuals we see Chad and the boys rock out over some dope rave lights and detailed close ups throughout the video. We have another one! The soundtracks of this summer are stacking up. WORK.
Have a look!


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Short Essay Response
I need to write short essay for my Humanities class regarding the reading (Book of Job) which talks about the Hebrew culture.
This is the link for the reading :
This is the Question I need to write about it, I need around 500 words:
Common conceptions of justice usually include the ideas that evil is punished and goodness is rewarded. Bad people suffer because they are bad and good people enjoy happiness and prosperity because they are good. However, The Book of Job seems to challenge this understanding of justice. Right? Maybe it only appears that way. Comment and explain.
I need this by August 7, 2016 at 12:00 am.
1 orders completed$10.00ANSWERTutor has posted answer for $10.00. See answer's preview
**** the attached ******Click here to download attached files:
essay Humanities class.doc
14 orders completed$10.00ANSWERTutor has posted answer for $10.00. See answer's preview
****** ***** it *** update **Click here to download attached files:
INJUSTICE job .doc


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Update 05/29/10
Expand Messages
- Pro Wrestling History has been updated.
Ohio Wrestling History - I've set up the framework for this new section.
WWE Over the Limit
TNA Sacrifice 2010
Dream #14
Strikeforce Challengers Series #8
Mossin MMA Sylvia vs. Pudzianowski
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Acre Driveways & Patios9 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Acre Driveways is a family run business with over 20 years of experience installing driveways and Patios. Whether your driveway needs a complete re-design or just repairing were here to help with Front Driveways, Patios, Paths,Shingle Driveways, Rear Garden block paving &...
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By paulinesco on 19th Mar, 2016
Green Landscapes14 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Green landscapes are a local based Berkshire company With over 10 years experience In the industry and have expertise in block paving and driveways but also cover all landscaping requirements including fencing, patios,gardening and tree work we have full public liability...
Latest Driveways feedback review:
By tony_spikinds on 15th Nov, 2017
College Town Construction21 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Hi, we are a family run business and have been running for over 25 years. We pride ourselves on high quality workmanship and reasonable prices. All work carried out and in photos have been personally carried out by myself. Regards charles
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By senthil_20 on 21st Jul, 2017
JBS Developments27 Feedback reviews, 93% positive
we are a famliy run bussiness that as traded for more than 20 years all members of our team are qualified tradesmen who are freindly and egar to help. We are small enough to care and big enough to cope.
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By calpga123 on 16th Oct, 2017
Universal Paving and Roofing contractors3 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
We are a Family run business for over 25 years we have experience in all roofing repairs fascias, soffits, flat roofs, chimney work, new roofs, lead work etc. We also have experience in all ground work such as block paving drives, patios, slabing, all brick work, walls and...
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By thepiehole on 5th Mar, 2017
Ladbrook home improvements ltd4 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
We at Ladbrook home improvements guarantee a top quality job at a reasonable price to meet your high standards we are a family run business that puts you first and foremost in our plans when completing your project as instructed
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By jessdipp on 23rd Feb, 2017
TradePoint Roofing and Building Solutions4 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
TradePoint Building Solutions takes on all aspects of Roofing,Driveways and Landscaping.We are a family run business established since 1981 with over 30years experience that take very high pride in our work and works to the highest standard at a very Affordable price....
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By rahimabib on 1st Aug, 2017
j&m landscapes44 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
J&M Landscapes was established with the aim of providing consistently high quality landscaping design and gardening services. Over ten years Landscaping industry, our focus is 100% customer satisfaction -we achieve this by providing reliable, quality workmanship at an...
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By miaria on 20th Feb, 2014
allpave3 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
allpave is a family run business, we have references over 30 years, for paving drives & patios etc.
Latest Driveways feedback review:
By pegler666 on 18th Oct, 2017
Surestart Landscapes7 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Surestart Landscapes is a small business. My team and I pay a lot of attention to detail and aim to please. There is no job too big or too small. We have thirteen years experience.
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By m-r on 25th Jul, 2017
clearance services ltd7 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Csl Carrys out all aspects of groundworks ,demolition works of all sizes We hire out a range of operated or non operated plant from 1.5t to 14t We also offer a muck away, hardcore away service with are own 32ton tippers. We can supply all recycled materials crush...
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By somerlea on 26th Jun, 2012
GS Garden Landscapes5 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Welcome to GS Garden Landscapes, we are here to bring your dream Garden to life, we really enjoy meeting and working with our clients. We aim to develop close working relationships, creating the bespoke garden you have always dreamt of.
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By abc600 on 29th Oct, 2017
Town and Country Paving4 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
We are a well established company working in the home counties and beyond we have fully trained staff and offer quality workmanship at very competitive prices throughout our range.we have a long list of satisfied customers and an extensive portfolio. We don't take deposits...
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By plantswoman on 21st Sep, 2017
Bespoke Outdoor Spaces8 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
A bespoke landscape service is available for your garden and outdoor areas. All works are guaranteed to be done to the highest standards working closely with the client to provide precise quotations to budgets or funds available.
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By kerriejt on 13th Oct, 2014
Dreamscapes3 Feedback reviews, 100% positive
Dreamscapes is a team of very experienced and qualified tradesman with a vast amount of knowledge of each particular trade we advertise for we pride ourselves on being tidy effiecent on time and polite to all of our customers and try to offer as much help and advice as...
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|30 Dec 2011
i can't delete windows xp mode.
I uninstalled my virtual Pc 2007 and windows xp mode from control panel.
but Windows xp mode did stay into C:\Program files\Windows XP Mode
When i want to delete it with Shift + Del it says: "The Action Can't be completed because the file is open in another program, close the file and try again."
When i to Right click on it, and select DELETE, it says: "You need permission to perform this action You require permission from administrators to make changes to this file"
I did uninstall the Windows Virtual PC update, i went in with administrator account, but still can't delete that.
Please Respond.
|My System Specs
|30 Dec 2011
Have you rebooted?
You can also try Revo Uninstaller
Download Revo Uninstaller Freeware - Free and Full Download - Uninstall software, remove programs, solve uninstall problems
Download the free version. I use it on machines that have had stubborn programs leave little bits behind.
|My System Specs
|30 Dec 2011
Hi Kenter, Welcome to the forums, have a look at this tutorial Take Ownership of file - Vista Forums It's all you need to know
|My System Specs
|30 Dec 2011
Just asking. Many times a simple turning it off and back on again fixes issue's and yet very many users don't know this.
|My System Specs
|30 Dec 2011
Check to see if you have any .vhd folders still present and using the Take Ownership shortcut, delete them. Then the XP Mode folder should allow you to delete it.
|My System Specs
|30 Dec 2011
Microsoft Windows 10 Pro Insider Preview 64-bit
Being a home premium user, I dont use XP mode. So I dont have any experience on it. Searched over the net, and got something that may help you : Uninstall Windows XP Mode and Delete VHD Files - Dr. Z's Blog - Site Home - MSDN Blogs
|My System Specs
|30 Dec 2011
Thank You everyone, i got it deleted.
Special thanks to pebbly i got that file out from my system.
Thank you again and again
|My System Specs
|30 Dec 2011
Cool beans! glad you got rid of it.
|My System Specs
|30 Dec 2011
|My System Specs
|Thread Tools
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My Name is Luz Cubas and I'm an Argentinean cross-disciplinary artist from Buenos Aires. I graduated from the University of Buenos Aires, where I read for a degree in Graphic Design; my love for learning and the incredible world of aesthetics also lead me to become a professional make-up artist and passionate analogue photographer.
I left Argentina two years ago, and have lived in Madrid, Dublin and Malta since then. For a whole month (March 2016) I was an Artist in Residence at AGA (Amsterdams Graphisch Atellier), Netherlands, where in addition to hands-on practice, learning, and development of core printing skills, I also completed a personal project using Screenprint and Risography methods.
In my spare time, I make embroidery, read, write, and travel!
Here you will see a selection of my work, but you can see more on my Behance profile.
If you're interested in my embroidery or work as a make-up artist, you're more than welcome to visit my dedicated blogs.
I hope you enjoy my little corner of the internet!


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We are a full service shop, offering all aspects of Porsche, Audi and Volkswagen diagnosis and repair. Our technicians have over 50 years combined factory experience, and are ASE certified.
Autobahn Performance Incorporated
This shop is not RepairPal Certified. Learn more
3 First Ave
Peabody, MA 01960 USA
Peabody, MA 01960 USA
(978) 531-0808
This shop is not yet RepairPal Certified - Learn More


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Our Firm
Prosser Financial Group is an independent financial services firm founded in 2005 by Daniel L. Prosser,CFP®. Dan served as a financial advisor with Prudential for 25 years before founding Prosser Financial Group with the intent to provide common sense solutions to the issues that keep people awake at night. With over 50 years of combined experience in the industry, the Prosser team prides itself on delivering superior client service.
Wealth management is about more than investments – it's about people. Founder Dan Prosser says, "We treat clients the way we ourselves want to be treated." Prosser Financial Group models all of its advice and services around their clients. They offer a common sense approach that no longer seems all that common.
Investment Beliefs
Advance and protect by utilizing our investment strategy for combing trend identification and high-performance portfolio selection to accommodate goals of prospering in bull markets and protecting principal in bear markets.
Plan and prepare for changing markets, knowing that anything can happen.
Identify and adapt to changing market trends – trends can last for years at a time. The key is to identify each trend as soon as possible and adapt to it.
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Van Garderen wins 4th stage of Volta a Catalunya
Updated: March 27, 2014, 2:05 PM ETAssociated Press
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Recipes in the 'Superbowl' category
20 results found under: Superbowl
Craving those fattening Buffalo wings? This version has a unique, tangy flavor that will have everyone wanting more. Serve them for the big game, and they're sure to score!
Hungry for a seafood dish that takes the cakes? These delicious salmon and crab cakes are swimming in flavor. If you are looking for a gourmet dish that can be prepared in a matter of minutes, take a crack at this daring dinner.
This is not your ordinary stir-fry. The dry-roasted peanuts and the seasonings give this chicken dish and added kick you'll love.
There's something fishy going on around here, and it's this grilled halibut dish. The lemon-butter combo makes it good to the gills.
These moist, crunchy, and fruity dessert bars are great for just about any occasion. There's no added sugar, so no guilt about making them for your kids, or eating them yourself!
You haven't lived until you've had a taste of this heavenly Caribbean dish. This is the reason why Jamaican food lovers are always smiling!
If you're one of those parents who have a hard time getting your kids to eat their fruit, this is the recipe for you. It doesn't get any better -- or better for you -- than this.
If you're looking for a great shrimp recipe, look no further -- it's this one. This dish proves once again that folks in New Orleans know how to do it right.
This is how we roll. These eggrolls are great for meals, parties or as appetizers. Go ahead grab some soy sauce and dip into deliciousness.
This is a great side to bring to any party. Grab some pita chips and dig in to this cheesy delight.
This is a "stick to your ribs" recipe and will be particularly satisfying on a cold winter's day.
The next time you have a party or gathering planned, beef things up with this meatloaf recipe. It's an easy way to satisfy many hungry mouths. It won't break your spirit... or your bank.
Your family will gobble up these tasty turkey burgers. If you're looking for a healthy substitute for the traditional hamburger, opt for this great recipe. It's sure to be a feather in your culinary cap.
Silence is golden -- and so are these pork chops. Ironically, those hungry mouths will have plenty to say when they get a taste of this palate-pleasing protein. In fact, this will likely become a staple among family and friends. Bust these chops out for dinner tonight!
If you want to make a good impression then this recipe is just what you're looking for. It's simple yet very romantic and really delicious.
When you are searching for a cold pasta salad that's simple to whip up, use your noodles. This pasta and veggie salad is a quick fix that is ideal for those hot summer nights. Did we mention it takes a matter of minutes to prepare? Once you've thrown everything together, chill out until it's ready.
It's OK to be cheesy, especially when you've included this incredible mac and cheese recipe on your 4th of July menu. We promise your guests won't hold it against you.
This classic burger recipe deserves the gold trophy for continuing to be the best at satisfying hungry mouths. Sink your teeth into ketchup's new best friend.
Your mouth will be sizzling with flavor after taking one bite of these hot wings. These hot wings are not only great for easy dinners but they are also a perfect party pleaser.
You won't want to lose these meatballs. The perfect cocktail appetizer, the tray will be empty before you know it.


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- Responding to the Sand Creek Massacre
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Minster FM News
Man charged after suspicious fire in York
10:18am 25th April 2012
(Updated 10:35am 25th April 2012)
A breakthrough for North Yorkshire Police investigating a suspicious fire.
After a flat fire in Acomb on the 2nd of April, a man has now been charged with Arson.
The 39 year old will appear in court on suspicion of recklessly endangering life, with intent.
Burglary and theft charges will also be explored.
He's due at York Magistrates later.
Statement from North Yorkshire Police:
Update 8.55am Wednesday 25 April 2012:
Detectives investigating a suspicious fire in the Acomb area of York have charged a 39-year-old man with two counts of arson.
The man is due to appear at York Magistrates' Court today (25 April) charged with arson – recklessly endangering life and arson – with intent to endanger life. He has also been charged with burglary and theft.
The charges relate to an incident where a flat was set alight on Thoresby Road on Monday 2 April 2012.


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Todd Lester writes a monthly blog post on RU's Dialogues detailing the preparation and implementation of Lanchonete.org, a 5-year residency project in Sao Paulo.
Lanchonete | Sep 2014
2014.8 ~ Lanchonete.org on Occupation
By Todd Lester
"Lanchonete.org works in partnership with the Occupation São João and its Centro Cultural São João, a community space on its first floor. This is one of the locations around the Center where artists residents will live, and I was the first one to stay there back in March (2014). About two weeks ago, a sister occupation across the street – also a member of the Frente de Luta por Moradia (FLM) housing movement – and its 200 families were forcibly evicted. My question is what action should be taken in order to bring the occupiers, the municipality and the landlords to the same table? Can artists, activists and cultural producers play a role in these negotiations?"
- Question from Jakub Szczęsny, the first artist resident to Lanchonete.org.
Thanks Jakub … that's a great question! It's complicated. The current mayor in São Paulo, Fernando Haddad has actually been open to discussions with the occupations. The problem is that the property speculation that is and will – fairly rapidly, now that it's kicked off – change the face of the Center of São Paulo is entrenched via machine politics that predate and transcend the duration of any one mayoral term. This is compounded by the cumulative desires of developers and the urban planners they influence as well as new residents in the Center with higher purchasing power and different expectations of both public and private goods. Case in point is the debate over the Minhocão Viaduct that cuts through the Center (known locally as the 'big worm') that some would have mimic the Highline in NYC. There are campaigns both for and against that contingency. Another example of this tension was the court approving a ban on a prominent development protestor.
Let me say more about the social movement for housing in São Paulo – the FLM – by way of describing São João and Lanchonete.org's involvement. São Joao is an occupation in the center of São Paulo that is women-led. There are 160 residents (67 families), hailing primarily from the 'Zona Leste' (the East Zone), who overtook the derelict Hotel Columbia Palace (built in 1926) to live close to their jobs in the convenience of downtown. They deftly understand the role of culture in how they claim their rights to the city. This has led to a variety of cultural activities anchored by the creation of the 'Centro Cultural São João' on their second floor, a place where youth hang out, celebrations held, Capoeira practiced, English lessons offered, LGBT community meetings convened, etc. Over the past couple years, Lanchonete.org has entered a partnership with Occupation São João that has resulted in a book drive to help expand their library (Pivô, October 2012); public programming during the 2013 Architecture Biennial; and a project cycle that includes co-producing one of their monthly Café Imaginario events on the theme of 'home' (March 2014), providing multimedia content on forced evictions through a strategic introduction to the human rights organization, WITNESS, installing an exhibition of family portraits by local photographer, Leandro Viana; and an artist engagement programme for which you (Jakub Szczęsny's) were the first resident.
Jakub, recently I've been asked a few times to explain what you did when living at São João. I explain that you conducted research and something like a casual charrette that lasted throughout the three weeks of your stay. If I may, I'd like to share a bit more about the idea (and resulting plan) that you had while in residence. Based on the idea that the community of the Occupation São João can benefit from creative, collective and long-term tactics of legitimization that acknowledge and affirm its contributions to its neighborhood in the Center of São Paulo and as a leader in the Frente de Luta por Moradia (FLM) movement, you proposed a process of auto-branding as a communitarian adaptation of corporate branding strategies, in which the traditional corporate board is replaced by the leadership and interested residents of an occupation such as São João.
On a legal level, this is already being achieved through semi-institutionalization (landmark preservation of the building) and by adopting the status of an NGO (registering a cultural association/cultural center that functions on the first floor of the building). Yet a general public awareness, external expressions of the community's complex identity, and adequate publicity of the positive impact São João creates both inside and outside of the immediate community are lacking.
You believe that communicating the occupation's aforementioned attributes is important in undoing negative perceptions held by the public and transmitted by the media, and that currently eclipse the qualities of self-determination and intentional community-building for which São João is a dynamic example. This is a project that we plan to continue with the Occupation leadership, and that you'll help to implement next year when you return to São Paulo.
Of course the flow of ideas and strategy goes both ways. By placing artists-in-residence in the Occupation and serving as a connector – wherever needed – we continue to listen to the advice/counsel that the occupation movement avails to the Lanchonete.org project broadly. We believe this will be a unique, prototypal process in which inhabitants of São João, citizens of São Paulo, and artists of different origins and specializations – music, visual and performance arts, graphic design, photography, horticulture and architecture – will be involved horizontally.
The people who live at São João represent the experience of occupations throughout the city. They are maids, security officers, kindergarten teachers, street workers, community organizers, cooks, artists and students. During the week workers and students leave the building every morning, younger children and the elderly stay to play, work and cook together. Every evening a different activity fills the common room with different forms of entertainment, church services, beauty salons, and other community meetings. Saturdays are cleaning days. As much as they can, they repair it, build new additions, and take care of it. The same happens in a number of occupations throughout the city, where it is estimated that some 400,000 apartments and commercial spaces are empty due to a unique real estate 'stockpiling' phenomenon in São Paulo.
Back to your original question about the role of artists and activists: I think they (or we) play an essential role in humanizing lifestyles and choices, such as those of the occupiers, that aren't wholly intuitive to other groups who also make up the city. Given the predictability of capital, and how it tends to cater to those with higher purchasing power when left unchecked, I believe our involvement has the ability to 'turn the dial' from opaque to – at least – a tad bit more transparent. In fact, there are many artists, activists and cultural producers in São Paulo doing just that, such as the journalist and artist group, Architecture of Gentrification and others.
Oh yeah, before I close, let me say more on Leandro Viana's portraits of the occupiers at São João. He is preparing the second part of this project that will document the empty spaces of buildings before being repurposed by occupiers or developers, thereby illustrating the 'stockpiling' phenomenon mentioned above. Jakub and Leandro will be in conversation as a part of the Art in Odd Places (AiOP) festival and Utopia School on Saturday, October 11th @ 8pm. This event will be moderated by São Paulo-based curator, Thiago Carrapatoso, and is free and open to all. Similarly, I will take part in the Perfect City panel during the Crossing the Line Festival on Monday, October 6th to discuss Lanchonete.org. Thanks for reading!
Todd Lester


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£8m mansion owned by aristocrat who provided inspiration for Mr Darcy goes on sale
AN £8MILLION mega-mansion formerly owned by the aristocrat who inspired Jane Austen's Mr Darcy and is twice the size of Buckingham Palace has gone on sale.
Wentworth Woodhouse measures 150 times the size of the average UK house
Wentworth Woodhouse measures 150 times the size of the average UK house, with five miles of corridors and at least 350 rooms – it is so big the total number is not known
The Grade I listed mansion, 10 miles north east of Sheffield in Yorkshire, is considered to be one of Europe's grandest homes.
It sits in 82-acres of gardens, parkland and woodland and at 606ft wide is considered to have the longest façade in the UK.
The new owner will have to pay £873,750 in stamp duty
It also has family and staff apartments, stables, and a swimming pool.
Yet despite the huge price tag, the new owner would be expected to spend million more renovating it as much of the palatial home is in such poor condition it is uninhabitable.
The Georgian property has a floor space of 124,000 sq ft
The purchaser will also have to stump up a whopping £873,750 in stamp duty.
It has a floor space of 124,000 sq ft, while the average new build in England and Wales has around 818 sq ft.
The Georgian property was bought by architect Clifford Newbold in 1999, who spent years working on its grand interiorss.
He passed away in April aged 88 and the property officially goes on sale this week.
You can't look in every room, but once you have seen a few rooms you have seen enough
It sits in 82 acres of gardens, parkland and woodland surrounded by the greater park and farmland of the Fitzwilliam Estate in what was once one of the finest parklands of its age.
Crispin Holborow, director of Savills' Country department, said the multi-million-pound property was "a once in a generation sale".
He said: "Homes with this level of history and grandeur don't come up for sale. I've not sold a bigger house and I am not sure there is one. You can't look in every room, but once you have seen a few rooms you have seen enough.
"If many people were to draw their dream house, they would draw Wentworth Woodhouse - it is the impossible dream home.
"I think it would suit someone like the family who are selling it. They will need to be passionate about architecture, love classic houses and enjoy buying, restoring, and living in a treasure house of England.
"The work the owners have put into Wentworth Woodhouse has been painstaking. Everything has been done in good taste, but it is now time for someone else to take it on.
"Unsurprisingly, there has been a lot of interest and viewings begin this weekend."


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Myrtle Beach
JD Greear
J.D. Greear is the lead pastor of The Summit Church, in Raleigh-Durham, NC and author of "Gospel: Recovering the Power that Made Christianity Revolutionary" (2011) and "Stop Asking Jesu... READ MORE
D. A. Horton
For over 16 years D.A. also used the medium of Rap music as a tool to help educate the people of God on the precepts of Scripture as well as how to evangelize to the lost by presenting them ... READ MORE
We're excited to have Crowder back at Student Life leading worship. Though the former David Crowder* Band front-man has received many accolades over the years, including multiple chart-topping albums,... READ MORE
Christy Nockels
Christy Nockels has been leading worship for over twenty years, beginning as the duo Watermark with her husband, award-winning producer Nathan, through being involved in the Passion Conference from th... READ MORE
After obtaining a Theology degree, Tampa, FL based rapper Kevin Burgess, now better known by his stage name KB, dove into Christian hip-hop, releasing a mixtape, a widely successful debut album and a ... READ MORE


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"Removal of "sore" on scalp"
About: Royal Preston Hospital Royal Preston Hospital Preston PR2 9HT
Posted via NHS Choices
Just returned from Treatment Room adjacent to Ward 4. This is the second experience I have had being treated by this excellent unit. The latest was for a sore on my scalp which had to be removed. Operation carried out last Tuesday 7th October by my consultant and staff in theatre next to Treatment Room. What a jolly atmosphere!! Today, 14th, I went back to have stitches removed and to see if skin graft had taken. All seems to be well and as usual the staff were lovely. I am in my eighties but get along "like a house on fire"!! I am so grateful to you all, from consultants and their teams, I can't thank you enough. You all deserve a medal each! Tom Coucill.
Response from Rhona Hartley, Head of Patient Experience and Customer Care, Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 3 years ago
Thank you for taking the time to tell us of your recent experience when you attended the Royal Preston Hospital. It is always incredibly satisfying to receive such positive feedback; please be assured that your kind comments have been shared with the staff in the department concerned.
- {{helpful}} {{helpful == 1 ? "person thinks" : "people think"}} this response is helpful
- Was this response helpful? Yes | No
Thank you for your feedback.
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text: A great choice for a stay in Raipur, Zone by the Park Raipur features a nightclub and offers an airport shuttle (available 24 hours) for INR 750 per vehicle. After getting a workout at the fitness center, you can grab a bite to eat at the restaurant or unwind with a drink at the bar/lounge. Rooms at this upscale hotel offer flat-screen TVs, minibars, and room service.


text: Human Rights Observatory EU Launches Energy Talks with Georgia The European Commission launched negotiations on Thursday to strengthen energy links with Georgia as part of efforts to bind the former Soviet state closer to the European Union and weaken its bonds with Russia. Despite the dramatic refusal of Ukraine, another former Soviet state, to enter into an association agreement with the European Union, Georgia has said it is determined to sign an EU accord on trade and broader cooperation. It is also increasing its ties with the 28-country...Read complete article© Voice of America - Thursday, February 20, 2014


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President Barack Obama is meeting with Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-Nev.) Monday afternoon, just after two of the president's top cabinet secretaries publicly brushed off the Senate leader's concern about trade authority.
The meeting was scheduled to be in the Oval Office at 2:30 p.m., one of several meetings Obama plans to have with congressional Democrats this week.
On Saturday, Secretary of State John Kerry and Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel, both former U.S. senators who previously served with Reid, spoke at the Munich Security Conference where they were dismissive of Reid's opposition to renewing fast-track trade authority, CNN reported.
"I respect Harry Reid, worked with him for a long time," Kerry said. "I think all of us have learned to interpret a comment on one day in the United States Senate as not necessarily what might be the situation in a matter of months."
Speaking to a pro-fast-track audience of allies, Hagel agreed.
"Let's be smart and let's be wise and let's be collaborative and use all of the opportunities and mechanisms that we have to enhance each other – culturally, trade, commerce, exchanges," Hagel said.
Obama, like most previous presidents, is seeking fast-track trade authority to allow him to work out the details of a trade treaty, then submit to the Senate for an up-or-down vote. This would prohibit various amendments too from being tacked onto a trade agreement by Congress.
As majority leader, Reid decides which legislation comes up for a vote in the Senate, which ratifies treaties. Reid said Wednesday he is "against fast track. I think everyone would be well advised not to push this right now."
During the White House press briefing Monday, press secretary Jay Carney said the president expects to have a productive conversation with Reid. He stressed that pending trade deals with Europe and Asia would expand the economy and better paying jobs.
"Trade is an important issue on the president's agenda," Carney told reporters. "The agreements the president is pursuing protect American workers and protect the environment."
Ahead of the meeting, Carney added that the president and Reid "talk all the time," but did not know for certain they would discuss trade at Monday's meeting.


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Sunday, January 29, 2012
Menu Plan, January 30-February 5
Here is what I have on the plan for this week:
Potato skillet with sausage and spinach
Banana bread made with brown rice flour and flax meal
Quinoa porridge with cinnamon apples
Pumpkin Pie oatmeal
Grain-free Apple Flax Muffins
Coconut milk smoothies
Cranberry Mango Millet Salad
Chicken and vegetable soup
Honey Lime Chicken, black beans, brown rice, fruit salad
Meatloaf, baked fries, cooked veggies
Brown rice pasta with meat sauce, steamed broccoli
Ginger sweet potato chicken bake
Lentil and brown rice casserole (without cheese)
What are y'all cooking this week? If you need menu planning inspiration, head to OrgJunkie's Menu Plan Monday!
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What do you make?
I'm a graphic designer who sells shirt designs and logos for mostly start up companies around the country. On the side, I make digital graphics that I print on shirts and framed art that I sell through my company. I strive for a modern indie feel to my designs.
When did you start designing?
I started designing this past year when sports were taken away from me by concussions and, ultimately, back problems. I've always had creative thoughts, but it wasn't until recently that I was able to expand on them and turn them into art.
Is this your full-time gig?
Other than school work and babysitting jobs, I try to give myself the most possible time to work on my designs. This has been my favorite hobby because I don't have to live up to any set expectations. I work from my own mind and on my own time. It's great.
What are you working on now?


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Championship Today: Gronkowski's improving every day
INDIANAPOLIS — In today's episode of Championship Today, Chris Gasper has the latest from Media Day at Lucas Oil Stadium where Patriots and the Giants players addressed the media and fans.
Tight end Rob Gronkowski, whose recovery from a high ankle sprain is topic No. 1 for Patriots fans, spoke about removing his walking boot yesterday, his progress with his rehab, and how ready he might be for Super Bowl XXLVI on Sunday.
"I'm improving every day," Gronkowski said. "It's going in the right direction."


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Triathlon star Aileen Reid leads Ulster's bid for glory at first Euro Games
Triathlete Aileen Reid, boxer Michaela Walsh and badminton's Chloe Magee head the Ulster contingent selected by Ireland for the inaugural European Games in Baku, Azerbaijan in June.
And with competitors from some sports - including men's boxing - still to be chosen, Ulster can expect further representation. The Olympic Council of Ireland has so far selected 36 competitors from 10 sports.
Reid has been picked along with other top Olympians such as gold medal winning boxer Katie Taylor.
Chef de Mission Dermot Henihan said: "It's a pleasure to see so many athletes and sports. They join over 6,000 athletes from 50 nations."
OCI President Pat Hickey added: "With many of the sports offering Olympic qualification for Rio 2016, these Games have caught the sporting imagination."
TEAM IRELAND: Archery: Sinead Cuthbert Cunningham, Darren Wallace; Badminton: Chloe Magee, Josh Magee, Rachel Darragh, Sarah Boyle, Scott Evans, Sam Magee; Basketball (3x3): Niamh Dwyer, Grainne Dwyer, Suzanne Maguire, Orla O'Reilly; Judo: Eoin Fleming; Karate: Karen Dolphin; Shooting: Derek Burnett; Swimming: Rory McEvoy, Mona McSharry, Rachel Bethel, Danielle Hill, Emma Reid, Andrew Moore, James Brown, Benjamin Doyle, Alan Corby, Niamh Kilgallen, Kate Baguley, Iseult Hayes, Natasha MacManus (diving); Triathlon: Aileen Reid, Russell White, Aaron O'Brien; Women's Boxing: Katie Taylor, Michaela Walsh, Ciara Smith; Wrestling: Alex Dolly, Soslan Tuaev.
Belfast Telegraph