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Conventional cytogenetic and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies in brain malignancies have shown that glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by complex structural and numerical alterations. However, the limited resolution of these techniques has precluded the precise identification of detailed specific gene copy number alterations.
We performed a genome-wide survey of gene copy number changes in 20 primary GBMs by CGH on cDNA microarrays. A novel amplicon at 4p15, and previously uncharacterized amplicons at 13q32-34 and 1q32 were detected and are analyzed here. These amplicons contained amplified genes not previously reported. Other amplified regions containg well-known oncogenes in GBMs were also detected at 7p12 (EGFR), 7q21 (CDK6), 4q12 (PDGFRA), and 12q13-15 (MDM2 and CDK4). In order to identify the putative target genes of the amplifications, and to determine the changes in gene expression levels associated with copy number change events, we carried out parallel gene expression profiling analyses using the same cDNA microarrays. We detected overexpression of the novel amplified genes SLA/LP and STIM2 (4p15), and TNFSF13B and COL4A2 (13q32-34). Some of the candidate target genes of amplification (EGFR, CDK6, MDM2, CDK4, and TNFSF13B) were tested in an independent set of 111 primary GBMs by using FISH and immunohistological assays. The novel candidate 13q-amplification target TNFSF13B was amplified in 8% of the tumors, and showed protein expression in 20% of the GBMs.
This high-resolution analysis allowed us to propose novel candidate target genes such as STIM2 at 4p15, and TNFSF13B or COL4A2 at 13q32-34 that could potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of these tumors and which would require futher investigations. We showed that overexpression of the amplified genes could be attributable to gene dosage and speculate that deregulation of those genes could be important in the development and progression of GBM. Our findings highlight the important influence in GBM of signaling pathways such as the PI3K/AKT, consistent with the invasive features of this tumor.
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the commonest and most malignant of the primary central nervous system tumors in the human adult. Mean survival of GBM patients treated with the current standard therapy is approximately one year [1].
Glioblastomas, like other solid tumors, are characterized by changes in the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, often as a consequence of numerical chromosomal abnormalities (genomic amplifications, gains, and losses) that occur during the tumoral process. Conventional and molecular cytogenetic techniques, such as comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), have led to the identification of recurrent genomic copy number changes that play an important role in the malignancy of GBM. Aberrations that occur with high frequency include gains of chromosomes 7, 19, and 20, and losses of chromosomes 6q, 9p, 10, 13q, and 14q [2,3]. Nevertheless, the low resolution of these techniques, which is restricted to the chromosome level, together with the large number of genes located within these regions, makes difficult the identification of candidate genes.
High-level DNA copy number changes in tumors are restricted to chromosome regions that show more than 5- to 10-fold copy number increases (regions of amplification, or amplicons). Some of these amplicons contain well-known oncogenes that are also overexpressed. While this is the case for oncogenes associated with the development of GBM, such as Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) (7p12), Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 (CDK4) (12q14), and the human homolog of the Mouse Double Minute 2 (MDM2) (12q15) [2-4], other regions of amplification and/or other relevant genes located within these or other regions remain unknown or incompletely described.
New high-throughput genomic technologies, such as cDNA microarray CGH [5], use conventional cDNA microarrays that are normally used in expression profiling, to examine genomic copy number imbalances. In this way, thousands of genes can be reviewed in a high-resolution analysis to define amplicons and identify candidate genes showing recurrent genomic copy number changes. Parallel expression profiling experiments then allows the identification of relevant target genes whose aberrant expression could suggest its involvement in the pathogenesis of the tumors [6-10].
The objective of our study was to define at high resolution regions of amplification in GBMs, and through integration of copy number and gene expression data, to identify possible candidate target genes that could give insights into the pathology of GBM. In addition, we also aimed to analyze in detail the gene copy number changes associated with these tumors, since this is not feasible using classic chromosomal CGH.
For that purpose, we surveyed for changes in DNA copy number and expression levels throughout the genomes of 20 primary GBMs by using cDNA microarray CGH and expression profiling experiments. The most significant alterations found were validated in additional series of primary GBMs using locus-specific fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunohistochemical analyses.
The genomic-profiling study involved 20 cases of primary GBMs. Expression profiling experiments were carried out in 17 of the GBMs for which RNA material was available. Thirteen of the patients were males and 7 were females with a mean age of 61 years (range, 39 to 81 years). The clinical information of the patients is summarized in Table Table11.
To validate our results, 111 primary GBMs were arrayed in tissue microarrays (TMAs) and subjected to immunohistochemical and FISH analyses. Samples were collected from Virgen de la Salud Hospital (Toledo, Spain), Clinic Hospital (Barcelona, Spain) and Xeral-Cies Hospital (Vigo, Spain). All samples were reviewed by means of tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) to verify tumor viability and confirm the diagnosis according to the WHO guidelines by M.M., T.R., C.F., and F.-I.C.
The cDNA microarrays used in this study (Oncochip v2.0) were purchased from Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas [11]. These microarrays contained 27,454 cDNA clones, including 9,900 known genes and uncharacterized ESTs related to tumorigenesis.
High molecular weight genomic DNA from tumors and normal human lymphocytes (used as reference DNA) were extracted following standard phenol/chloroform purification protocols. CGH experiments on cDNA microarrays were performed as described [5,10,12]. Briefly, 20 μg of genomic tumoral and reference DNAs were digested for 14–18 hours with AluI and RsaI (Life Technologies, Inc., Rockville, MD) and purified by phenol-chloroform extraction. Six μg of purified digested tumor DNA and reference DNA were labeled with Cy5-dUTP and Cy3-dUTP (Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ), respectively, using the Bioprime Labeling Kit (Life Technologies, Inc.). Labeled tumor and sex-matched reference DNA were co-hybridized at 58°C for 14–16 hours. Post-hybridization washes were carried out in 2×S SC/0.03% SDS at hybridization temperature, 1× SSC and 0.2× SSC at room temperature for 5 minutes each.
For expression profiling experiments total RNAs were extracted with Tri Reagent (Molecular Research Center, Cincinnati, OH) and amplified using a T7-based method, as previously described (11). Five μgr of total RNA were used to produce double-stranded cDNA (Superscript Choice System, Life technologies, Inc.) and amplification of mRNAs was performed using the Megascript T7 in vitro transcription kit (Ambion, Austin, TX). A pool of aRNAs obtained from the Universal Human RNA (Stratagene, La Jolla, CA) was used as a standard reference in all hybridizations. Test or reference amplified RNAs (aRNAs) were labeled with fluorescent Cy5 and Cy3, respectively, and hybridized at 42°C for 15 hours. Two control RNAs obtained from non-tumoral brain (one of them from Stratagene) were used for normalization purposes.
After hybridizations, slides were scanned using an Axon GenePix 4100A confocal scanner. Image analysis was performed using GenePix Pro 6.0 software (Axon Instruments Inc., Union City, CA). Cy5/Cy3 fluorescence ratios were normalized for each microarray using the print-tip loess method and background subtraction with the Diagnosis and Normalization Array Data (DNMAD) tool [13].
Data were preprocessed using Gene Expression Preprocessing Analysis Suite (GEPAS) [14] [see Additional file 1]. Cut-off points for defining gains and losses of genetic material in the test hybridizations were established as reported before [7,10]. The mean log2-transformed ratios derived from the self versus self experiments of normal genomic DNA in control hybridizations allowed us to establish the cut-off points for defining gains and losses. A value of the mean ratio +/- two standard deviations showed a normal range of variation corresponding to log2-transformed values of -0.42 to 0.42. In order to ensure a fluorescence ratio of gain or loss, we considered gene gain to be when log2 ratios were ≥ 0.5, and gene loss to be when log2 ratios were ≤-0.5. Log2 fluorescent ratios ≥ 2 were considered to represent gene amplification.
TMAs were constructed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival tissue blocks as reported [15]. Five non-tumoral controls (4 normal brain and one tonsil tissue samples) were included. H&E-stained full sections from each donor block were used for morphological selections of the representative areas of each case.
FISH assays were performed as described previously [15] using gene-specific and control BAC clones selected from the EnsEMBL [16] and UCSC [17] databases (Table (Table2).2). Gene probes were labeled with SpectrumOrange-dUTP (red) and control probes with SpectrumGreen-dUTP (green) using the CGH Nick Translation Kit (Vysis). Hybridizations were done overnight at 37°C after deparaffinization of 4-μm-thick sections of the TMAs, target retrieval by pressure-cooking with 1 mM EDTA for 10 minutes, and pepsin digestion (4 mg/ml at 37°C for 30 minutes). After post-hybridization washes, tissue was counterstained with DAPI in antifade solution (Oncor, Gaithersburg, MD).
Fluorescence signals were scored (Y.R., B.M.) in accordance with previous reports [18]. In each sample, only well-defined nuclei were analyzed, and the numbers of single-copy gene and control probe signals were scored. Tumors were considered as amplified when five or more unbalanced gene copies, or more than three times as many gene signals as control signals were found in more than 5% of tumor cells.
Immunophenotypic analysis was performed on deparaffinized TMA sections. For antigen retrieval, a heating step in a solution of 10 mM sodium citrate buffer at pH:6 in a pressure cooker was included before incubation with antibodies. Tissues were immunohistochemically stained by the Labeled Streptavidin Biotin (LSAB) (DAKO, Glostrup, Denmark), or alkaline phosphatase-conjugated EnVision (DAKO) method, using the TechMate 500 (DAKO) automatic immunostaining device. The primary antibodies used were EGFR, MDM2 (Oncogene Research Products, Boston, MA) and TNFSF13B (BAFF or BlySS). Tumors were considered positive when membranous (EGFR), nuclear (MDM2), and membrane-bound or cytoplasmic (TNFSF13B) staining was observed in ≥ 5% of the tumor cells.
The gene frequencies of gain and loss of genetic material found in the 20 primary GBMs were calculated, and plotted relative to the position along the chromosome (Figure (Figure1).1). Chromosomes 7, 19, and 20 most frequently showed gains in copy number, while chromosomes 10 and 13 most frequently had losses (Table (Table33).
The global effect of copy number alterations on gene expression was evaluated in 17 of the primary tumors. Up to 33% of gained genes (>2.5-fold change in copy number), or up to 56% with >4-fold, were overexpressed. Nevertheless, 8% of the genes with normal copy numbers were overexpressed (Figure (Figure2A).2A). Conversely, approximately 8% of the transcripts with high-level expression (>10-fold) showed amplification (Figure (Figure2B2B).
Amplicons were identified on chromosomes 1, 4, 7, 12, and 13 due to the presence of more than four contiguous amplified genes. EGFR (7p12) was the most commonly amplified gene (7p12), showing amplification by microarray CGH in 50% (10/20) of the GBMs (Table (Table11).
The amplicon detected on chromosome 13 in tumor 39 (Figure (Figure3A)3A) contained contiguous amplified clones covering a region of about 2.5 Mb at 13q32-34 that included TNFSF13B (a ligand of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily), and collagen type IV genes (COL4A1 and COL4A2). Among the amplified genes or ESTs, the most important fold-changes in expression levels were those of TNFSF13B, COL4A2 and FLJ10769. In addition, two other tumors had centromeric-amplified clones including ESTs AA706834, AA994053, and AI093016. However, these ESTs were not overexpressed.
To determine the frequency of 13q amplification in a larger series of tumors, we carried out FISH assays in an independent set of 111 GBM samples. We found 8,5% of tumors (6/70) showing amplification (Figure 3B, 3C). In this same series, we examined the protein expression of TNFSF13B as one of the putative target genes of the 13q amplification. We detected TNFSF13B immunostaining positivity in 20,6% of the samples (20/97). Half of the 13q-amplified tumors (3/6) showed TNFSF13B positive expression, and 7 out of 59 (11,8%) non 13q-amplified tumors showed TNFSF13B positivity (Figure (Figure3D3D).
Amplicons were also detected on 1q, 4p, 4q, 7q, and 12q. Chromosome 4 had two separated regions of amplification (Figure (Figure4A),4A), one of about 6 Mb at 4p15, and the other of approximately 2.2 Mb at 4q12. The 4p15 amplicon is described here for the first time and contained several genes and ESTs not previously reported as being amplified in GBMs. The amplicon at 4q12 contained PDGFRA, whose amplification in GBMs is already well known. Among the amplified genes, SLA/LP, LOC389203, STIM2, SGCB, RASL11B, and PDGFRA seem to respond to gene dosage, presenting high fold-changes in expression levels (Figure (Figure4A).4A). Likewise, amplification of several contiguous clones on chromosome 1q32 included ATP2B4, KIAA0663, KISS1, PPP1R15B, PIK3C2B, and MDM4. Among them, ATP2B4, KIAA0663, PPP1R15B, PIK3C2B were overexpressed in the expression analyses (Figure (Figure4B4B).
Chromosome 12 showed two regions of amplification at 12q13-15 (Table (Table4),4), one of about 180 Kb at 12q13 containing CDK4 (10%, 2/19) and another one of about 700 Kb containing MDM2 (15%, 3/20) at 12q14.3-q15. These results were validated by FISH analyses with specific probes containing CDK4 or MDM2 and immunohistochemical analyses for MDM2 onto paraffin sections of the samples in a set of 111 primary GBMs, allowing confirmation of the microarray results (Table (Table1).1). We found alterations (either amplification or overexpression) of MDM2 and CDK4 in 11% of the tumors for which data were available (11/98 and 7/66, respectively). Except for one tumor, the two regions were not amplified simultaneously. These results suggest that MDM2 and CDK4 may be independently amplified in most GBM tumors and confirm those of other authors [19]. Finally, amplification at 7q included PEX1, and CDK6 (7q21) as overexpressed putative amplification targets (Table (Table55).
The overall impact of copy number on gene expression analyzed in GBMs reflects the importance of recurrent gene copy number changes in the development and progression of these brain tumors. Our results in GBMs extend previous studies in breast and prostate cancers [10,20,21], and confirm that the effects of gene copy number on expression levels were more relevant for high-level amplifications on a gene-by-gene analysis (56% of highly-gained genes were overexpressed).
Gene amplification is regarded to reflect genetic instabilities in solid tumor cells [22]. It has been proposed that activation of proto-oncogenes by amplification plays an important role in the development of many human solid tumors. Therefore, detection of specific gene amplifications in tumor cells can lead to the identification of genes putatively involved in growth control and tumorigenesis.
While only a few candidate genes could be investigated at a time in previous studies [4,23,24] we have used cDNA microarray technology to search the whole genome for gene copy number alterations in GBMs. Our results from the approximately 10,000 genes and ESTs related to the tumoral process that could be analyzed in this study, confirm the previous conclusion that EGFR is the principal oncogene amplified in GBMs. However, in this study several other chromosomal regions showing gene amplification have also been detected in GBMs at 1q, 4p, 4q, 7q, 12q, and 13q. Amplification at 13q32-34 has been reported before from chromosomal CGH studies in malignant gliomas, cell lung carcinoma, head and neck squamous carcinoma, and systemic lymphomas [20,25-29]. Here we have used microarray CGH to study this region at higher resolution (gene level) and have narrowed down the region to 2.5 Mb, showing that this amplification could affect a small fraction of GBMs (8%). Several known genes and uncharacterized ESTs are contained in the 13q amplicon. Among these, COL4A2 has also been found to be overexpressed in our study and in other microarray expression-profiling studies of GBM biopsies and GBM cell lines [30-32]. We speculate that this overexpression may have been caused by amplification of COL4A2, which may be a putative target of the amplicon. In agreement with this hypothesis, very recently, Tso and coworkers [33] have shown that COL4A2 is one of 15 highly expressed genes that is shared between primary and secondary GBMs. In addition, this gene was found to be involved in glioma progression and associated with vascular proliferation. However, immunohistochemical analyses revealed that collagen IV is mainly expressed in association with the tumor blood vessels and not from the tumor cells [32], suggesting that the COL4A2 overexpression detected in GBMs may not be as a result of gene amplification in tumoral cells. This may point out to TNFSF13B as a likely candidate for the target of amplification. Immunohistochemical analyses of 111 primary GBMs revealed that TNFSF13B could be affected in about 20% of the tumors. The TNFSF13B ligand (or BAFF) is a member of the TNF cytokine family that activates nuclear factor (NF)-κB, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in myeloma multiple cells, and induce strong up-regulation of Mcl-1 and Bcl-2 antiapoptotic proteins [34].
On another hand, the gene IRS2 (which codes a cytoplasmic adaptor protein that facilitates intracellular signal transduction) is also located within the amplified region close to COL4A2 and TNFSF13B. Although we have no data available for this gene, one study suggests that IRS2 is a novel but rare amplification target at 13q34 in GBMs [35]. Thus, we propose here that genes such as COL4A2 or TNFSF13B could be additional putative targets for the 13q amplicon, and therefore would warrant further detailed analyses in GBMs.
It is of particular note that two of the tumors showing this amplification in the telomeric region of chromosome 13 had loss of the rest of the chromosome (Figure (Figure3A),3A), as was also described by Weber and coworkers in the cases in which amplification was revealed by chromosomal CGH [36]. This finding is consistent with the finding that gene amplification may be accompanied by loss of genetic material in the proximity of the amplification site [37].
Chromosome 4 has two amplicons, located close together. One contains PDGFRA as the putative target of the amplicon, and the other contains SLA/LP, STIM2, and two ESTs. To our knowledge, this is the first report of amplification of SLA/LP and STIM2 genes, which are both overexpressed. However, further analyses are required to identify the amplification gene target(s) and to determine the relevance of this novel amplification in GBM. STIM2 codes for a transmembrane phosphoprotein whose structure is unrelated to that of any other known protein [38] and whose biological function has not been thoroughly studied. STIM1 is the other member of this family of proteins and it is thought to regulate cell growth control and function within a signaling cascade, although the precise pathway is not known [38].
There is controversy concerning the amplification on chromosome 1, as to whether 1q32 has two independent amplification targets or a single one affecting both MDM4 and CNTN2 genes [39-41]. We observed amplification covering a small region of about 800 Kb that excluded CNTN2. Thus, our results support the proposal of Riemenschneider and coworkers that MDM4 is the main amplification target gene at 1q32 [40]. However, other genes among those contained in the amplicon, such as PIK3C2B, which encodes a catalytic subunit of the PI3K, could be of importance in GBMs. This gene was also found amplified and overexpressed in GBMs by others [32,41] and has a crucial role in the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which regulates a number of cellular processes such as cell growth and proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion, and angiogenesis [39]. Thus, our study excludes CNTN2 and shows that other interesting candidate genes together with MDM4 may be important gene targets for this 1q32 amplification.
Chromosome 7 was the most frequently gained chromosome in GBMs, as already known. Our results showed a large number of overexpressed gained-chromosome 7 genes which may suggest the importance of the complete gain of this chromosome in primary GBMs. Further studies, however, should be carried out to assess the importance of chromosome 7-candidate genes, other than EGFR, in the pathogenesis of GBM. Likewise, chromosome 10 was the most frequently lost chromosome in GBMs. The most frequently lost and underexpressed genes mapped at 10q and involved candidate genes in gliomas such as ADD3, between others. Downregulation of ADD3 expression was associated with increased migratory activity of human glioma cells in vitro [42], and decreased expression of ADD3 has been described in astrocytomas [43]. Chromosome 19 also showed frequent gene gains, mainly located on 19q. One of the possible candidates located in this chromosome could be FPR1 due to this gene is expressed in malignant glioma and appears to mediate motility, growth, and angiogenesis of GBM [44].
In summary, our results show that the cDNA microarray CGH technique in parallel with expression profiling allows the comprehensive, rapid and reliable analysis of the whole genome in GBM tumors and enables the refined and detailed study of amplicons and regions of recurrent copy number change. This approach makes it possible to identify putative glioma oncogenes/tumor-suppressor genes that may deserve further investigation. Our findings highlight the important influence in GBM of signaling pathways such as the PI3K/AKT, consistent with the invasive features of this tumor. In this context, we identify candidate target genes of amplification that may help to direct therapeutics for the treatment of GBM.
YR carried out selection of the GBM samples, performed nucleic acid extraction, DNA and RNA hybridizations onto the microarrays, FISH experiments, and participated in the discussion of the results. MM, TR, CF, and FIC carried out histopathological analyses and pathological diagnosis. MM and FIC participated in the design of the study, and in the analysis and discussion of the results. EG participated in selection of the samples, DNA and RNA extraction, and carried out construction of the tissue arrays. AR-L and J-LH-M recovered clinical data of the patients and carried out clinical diagnostics. PM participated in the design and discussion of the results BM carried out statistical analysis of the microarray results, conceived of the study, drafted the manuscript, participated in its design, and carried out coordination. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Genomic and expression row data. Genomic and expression row data of the GBM tumors. Gene symbol, gene description and localization are provided.
We would like to acknowledge the assistance of Lydia Sanchez (CNIO) with the immunohistochemical studies. Some of the BAC clones were generously provided by Dr. Mariano Rocchi (University of Bari, Italy).
This work was partially supported by grants from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias FIS 02/3006 and FIS 03/0727, and from the Consejería de Sanidad Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha SESCAM GC3011 and SESCAM 04032.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] In the special vision of its director Alex Luster, Alejandro Arboleda leads the cast of this movie of USA, with dialogues in English (available with subtitles), whose official premiere was scheduled for 2014. You can watch Stick 'Em Up! Reloaded online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2014.
Rating: 5 by 12 users./
Runtime: 81 minutes
Alejandro Arboleda, Christian Azul, Michael Berry, Bomit, C.O. Bradford, Martin Chavez, Cutthroat, Daddy, Dual, David Elizondo, Eyesore, Failure, Shepard Fairey, Sheriff Adrian Garcia, Garro and Gonzo.
81-minute film (full movie) directed by Alex Luster.
The original audio of Stick 'Em Up! Reloaded has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in USA.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2014.
Screenplay written by Tony Reyes.
Give Up, Kristopher White, Alex Luster and Tony Reyes.
Aerosol Warfare, Sergio J. Selvera, Gonzo247 and Yvonne Maria Schäfer.
This film was produced and / or financed by YMC Films, Stone Kanyon Productions, Gonzo247 and Shoot. Edit. Sleep..
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Without commercial breaks, the full movie Stick 'Em Up! Reloaded has a duration of 81 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
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By Jago Kosolosky Heads of state and governments of the European Union member states gather today (June 27th, 2013) and tomorrow in Brussels for a EU summit which is said to focus on economic policy. However, much more is at stake at the gathering that unfortunately might end with a whimper instead of a bang. […]Full Story »
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"I want my news chosen on the principle of which events have greatest impact upon me"
In a series of articles, Josh Wells and Matthew Hill debate what constitutes news. By Josh Wells After reading Matthew Hill's latest instalment to our debate on what constitutes news my immediate response was to walk away from my keyboard recognising defeat when I saw it. However, prior to doing this I decided to cast […]Full Story »
TAKSIM EYEWITNESS: "This is Turkey taking its secular democracy back"
Cansu Colakoglu is one of many who have taken to streets of Turkey to protest against the AKP regime. This is her eyewitness account of events on May 31. __________________________________________________ Turkey is a secular republic founded in 1923. Since 1946 we have had a multi-party democracy. AKP (aka Justice and Development Party) is an Islamist […]Full Story »
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Matt Allison, of Connected Intelligence, blogs on Stanford Law School's campaign for a "people's terms of service". NOTE: This post was originally published on Connected Intelligence. __________________________________________________ An article for Stanford Law School's Centre for Internet and Society caught my eye recently, calling for a campaign to pressure Internet companies to put in place contracts which reflect the […]Full Story »
The story that has the most suffering should become the lead news item irrespective of geographical location
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The 'Big Brother Africa' reality show is arguably the most-viewed reality television show across Africa and one of the moments that generates lots of talk in the respective countries taking part in the TV contest – is the selection of personalities to participate in the competition
In Ghana, every edition sparks debate on who fits the bill better to represent him/herself and the country in the best way possible and this year has not been different.
In recent weeks, aspiring actress and model, Moesha Boduong has been touted as one of, it not the only personality to represent Ghana in the upcoming ninth edition of the show – which has already drawn so much attention and chatter of her personality, her background and her chances of excelling in the competition.
However, Marketing Manager of Multichoice Ghana, Anne Sackey has rebuffed such talk of Moesha Boduong being selected as Ghana's representative for the show.
"I have no idea she is the one going for the show. If she is, then I will be surprised that Endemol will choose a representative and not inform us," she said on Peace FM over the weekend on Entertainment Review.
Anne stated that, not more four people have been selected from Ghana for the final auditions in South Africa and no person(s) have been selected and confirmed as the representative for the country.
The last leg of auditions will be held in South Africa under supervision of producers of the show, and thus far, there no word on who represents what country," she confirmed.
The first stage of auditions held in Ghana saw the presence of a number of Ghanaian celebrities including the likes of Vickie Zugah, Salma Mumun, Percy the comedian as well as beauty queens from shows like Miss Maliaka, Miss Ghana and Ghana's Most Beautiful amongst others.
Producers of the show, Endemol, are yet to come out with a special theme for this edition of the show which is expected to commence in the first week of September 2014 and expected to last for duration of 91 days.


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I have to say, Kayleigh and I were not complaining. We needed some girl time ourselves. We first went to the church to help making scrapbooks for a foster care agency. I wouldn't call it helping since I love anything that has to do with crafts and paper, but we did have to sit through traffic soooooo..
Afterwards, we went to our (my) favorite place: Chick-Fil-A. It took everything in me not to get anything. I am currently trying to lose a few pounds so anything fried (or good) is on the no-no list.
Photos: Taken W/IPod
It was a great night indeed. I'm glad to have been able to have those special moments with my little one.
Till next time,
Alondra Karwowski


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Cadillac Of South Charlotte Body Shop
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ABRA Glass Charlotte10421 S Tryon St.
Charlotte, NC 28273
4.2 miles away
"John said they were excellent."
Review for Cadillac Of South Charlotte Body Shop
Chris W. on 02/18/2016
Chris said the vehicle looks great. They were nice and friendly as well.
Category: Collision
Service Date: 02/15/2016
Review Created: 02/18/2016
This review was collected via phone interview by Customer Research Inc.


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Stroke age 21 whats going on now
Patient : Had a stroke 3 years ago as result of base of skull fracture, age 21 recovery was going great, then in the pass month my balance is getting worse and worse fell over on cycle which i never has a problem with. Thanks
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With the predator defeated and Prince Killian safe at home, Blue settles into the new life she's made for herself with the royal family of Europe. A Wayward in a world of Vemreaux, Blue struggles to adapt before her deadly temper takes her over. Baird is intent on searching out and destroying more unearthed tyranny, with or without his sister. When a visit from the elusive Everest Sinclair brings more treachery than they could have predicted, Blue knows she must protect both her Vemreaux family and her Wayward family, no matter the cost.
©2013 Mary Twomey (P)2015 Mary E Twomey
"One of the most captivating book series!!!"
I am sad to have finished it. I laughed and I cried. Consumed by the story line and the wonderful people she built in her story! This book was amazing! As well as the others she has written! Not sure why but I was compelled to turn each page or listen just a bit longer in to the night. I felt I was in the story she makes her world so real, I wanted to get up and scream for change. Even the smallest can make a change if they use there voice. Thank you for this story and Blue!
Absolutely loved this series. If i could give more stars for the story I would. I listened to all three books in three days I couldn't stop! The characters are well developed and varied. I really felt for them all and cried many times with joy and grief for them. The world Mary E. Twomey created is dark yet hopeful and certainly epic. I am sad that the story is over, but I feel that in the end all my questions were answered. I know that their struggles and triumphs will continue in my imagination. Truly wonderful. I will definitely be reading this again. The narrator was also perfect. She did the characters justice and I am grateful that Madeline was chosen for this. Thank you for one of the best series I've ever read.
"Definite listen!"
I've listened to all three books in The Way series. I liked book one. I LOVED book two. I was back to liking book three. Don't get me wrong, it's a great read and an excellent listen. The world that was constructed in this series, the characters, the story line and the narration all made the listen a must. I just found myself disliking the main character soooo much! She was such a whiner. How can you be the de facto 'Warrior Princess' and still not know your worth??! Ugh! Still, I kinda wish this book had been assigned in a sociology class. I would love to do a paper on this series. There were so many story lines based on racism, the feudal and the caste systems, parenting styles, and nature versus nurture. The ending was predictable, for the most part, but before you got there, the listen was a rollercoaster ride with quite a few WTF moments. RECOMMENDED.
"Amazing! Could be the best ever TV series!"
I was kept on the edge of my seat, falling in love with the characters and engulfed by the visual language that kept my mind creating the fantastic scenes! What a trifecta story! Gratitude for an incredible story read by the most amazing and talented voice, ever.💜
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Sign: Scorpio the Scorpion
Dates: October 23rd – November 21st
Planet: Pluto
Element: Water
Life Pursuit: The Scorpio wants, not just to survive, but to triumph against oppositions in life.
Scorpio Personality:
Scorpio are the old souls of the Zodiac signs. Even as children they are mature for their age, leading intense, often dramatic fate-filled lives. Scorpio is often considered the most "powerful" sign in the Zodiac and those with this sign, though they feel they know everything often have a hard time finding the things they need to secure their own happiness in life.
They are secretive, yet passionate and always intense. As powerful people they have to chose between the love of power or the power of love and many find coming to terms with the broadness and depth of their emotions a challenge. Plus, Scorpios tend to be very sensitive and they will seek out relationships in their lives that allows them to constantly experience emotional intensity both positive and negative.
However, you may live your whole life with a Scorpio and never truly get to know them. A contrary sign, a Scorpio will often say no when they mean yes, and you must deal with them on an intuitive level in order to figure out, and help them discover, what it is they truly want. Many Scorpios are driven and winners, but they can get in their own way if they don't have help to overcome their own natural and personal negativity so that they can achieve what they are capable of achieving. They are as unwilling to forgive themselves as they are someone whom they have a falling out with. A Scorpio will never forgive or forget.
The eyes are the windows to the soul with this sign and you will be able to read them just a bit better and break through the poker face facade as you learn to read their eyes rather than just being swept away in them. They are determined, passionate and intense and need people in their lives that understand that.
Those interested in beginning a relationship with a Scorpio, and Scorpios themselves must be prepared to handle their passion and intensity. Few signs will work as hard at making sure their relationship works like the Scorpio will, but once you break their heart they will never forgive you and are highly unlikely to give you a second chance.
Cancer, Virgo, Capricorn and Pisces are the signs most likely to meld well with a Scorpio while Leo and Aquarius should beware. Scorpio likes to create their own way and those who are content to let them lead will do well in relationships with them. Leos desire for the limelight and Aquarius' tendencies to buck the rules will only lead to conflict.
In a relationship with a Scorpio be prepared for fanaticism and obsessive behavior unlike you've ever seen. They can become a fanatic over everything and anything, and will obsess over their relationships like no one else. You must be willing to trust a Scorpio because their legendary suspiciousness will make it difficult. They will constantly be testing their love for you and your love for them. You must have patience and compassion, be willing to stand through the tests and prove to the Scorpio that you're there for the long-haul.
If you can manage to hold on to your relationship with a Scorpio then they will repay you handsomely in loyalty and inspiration. Scorpio the Scorpion, when pushed, shows and amazing ability to transform and become whatever they need to be when the situation calls for it. They will transform no only their own lives in these circumstances but all those whose lives touch theirs. Nothing will ever be boring with Scorpio in your life.


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
60 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Hotel Locanda Art Déco Venice is welcoming all guests in Venice with six comfortable rooms to stay in. You can also bring your laptop for the holiday, for there is wireless Internet connection (WiFi) available at the hotel. The exact list of services available at Hotel Locanda Art Déco Venice (including those for an extra fee) and the exact list of equipment in a room can be found on the information sheet below.
Payment Depeding on the selected room, date and price, you may be asked to provide credit card guarantee or to pay by credit card in advance.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest check-in time is 14:00, the latest check-out time is 10:30. The personnel is at your service in Italian and English languages.
Hotel Locanda Art Déco Venice rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
Hairdryer, Desk in the room


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Kevin Smokler: Brat Pack America: A Love Letter to '80s Teen Movies
Kevin Smokler: Brat Pack America: A Love Letter to '80s Teen Movies
The writer, performer, and public speaker presents his latest, a "love letter" to '80s teen movies.
From the fictional towns of Hill Valley, CA, and Shermer, IL, to the beautiful landscapes of the "Goondocks" in Astoria and the "time of your life" dirty dancing resort still alive and well in Lake Lure, NC, '80s teen movies left their mark not just on movie screen and in the hearts of fans, but on the landscape of America itself. Like few other eras in movie history, the '80s teen movies has endured and gotten better with time. In Brat Pack America, Kevin Smokler gives virtual tours of your favorite movies while also picking apart why these locations are so important to these movies.
Including interviews with actors, writers, and directors of the era, and chock full of interesting facts about your favorite '80s movies, Brat Pack America is a must for any fan. Smokler went to Goonies Day in Astoria, OR, took a Lost Boys tour of Santa Cruz, CA, and deeply explored every nook and cranny of the movies we all know and love, and it shows.
Kevin Smokler is the author of Brat Pack America: A Love Letter to 80s Teen Movies (2016), the essay collection Practical Classics: 50 Reasons to Reread 50 Books you Haven't Touched Since High School (Prometheus Books, Feb. 2013) and the editor of Bookmark Now: Writing in Unreaderly Times, A San Francisco Chronicle Notable Book of 2005. His essays on pop culture have appeared in the LA Times, Buzzfeed, Salon, Vulture and on National Public Radio.
Kevin Smokler sits on the future of media and culture at companies (AOL), conferences (SXSW, The Idea Festival) and universities (M.I.T, Stanford, University of Michigan) throughout North America.
Availability: On Our Shelves Now
Published: Rare Bird Books, a Vireo Book - October 11th, 2016


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Written on: 16/06/2011 by stthomasstationers (1 review written)
Searched for best price online then called Appliance World and was offered a scrappage allowance which reduced the price even further. The item arrived within the advised timescale and we found the delivery team excellent from the initial contact to advise the date right down to the driver who made the delivery.
Have purchased from Appliance World before and will certainly do so again.


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ATLANTA - Language barriers are keeping the South's growing Hispanic communities from getting much-needed medical care and more interpreters are needed in the health care system, Hispanic organizations said Friday.
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Limited English language skills and the lack of Spanish-speaking health workers have prevented many Hispanic patients from seeking appropriate medical care, according to a survey released Friday by the National Council of La Raza, a Hispanic civil rights organization.
"We're concerned about our Hispanic communities," said Janet Murguia, executive director of the organization. "Latinos are now a core group in the South. ... We want to make sure these emerging Latino communities get support."
Murguia and other Hispanic officials say that the reluctance of Hispanics to seek or even trust the health care system in the South is similar to that in other parts of the country.
The difference in the South, however, is that the Hispanic population has exploded so quickly that health services have yet to catch up.
In Georgia, the Hispanic population grew from nearly 2 percent in 1990 to more than 5 percent in 2000. Atlanta's Hispanic population has grown 30 percent and Nashville's has grown by 21 percent during the same time period, the organization said.
The survey also found that Hispanic communities have very limited sources of health information.
Health officials do not always target Spanish-language media and Spanish radio programs with "doctores" - who promote unregulated health remedies - can be a community's only source of health information, said Andrea Bazan Manson of the North Carolina-based El Pueblo, which serves Hispanic communities.
The reluctance of patients to seek early health care combined with often inaccurate information can mean that the patients end up seeking treatment too late, Manson said.
Health departments need more campaigns to educate Hispanics about health issues and medical schools should offer courses so doctors can better understand the Hispanic culture, the organization recommended.
On the Net:
National Council of La Raza: http://www.nclr.org
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


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the reason i got this set because of the Marry Lou and it was cheaper, and i was planing to sell the bronzer to other people, but then after asking here and there many people said that this is a good bronzer and they think i might like it, so i decided to try this bronzer and i think i like this bronzer just ok.
the packaging are very nice, it is a travel friendly and it has a large mirror inside. compact itself is sturdy i've drop mine couple times (by accident) and it doesn't break!
Betty-Lou Manizer is a warm bronze with a golden shimmer. the shimmer actually look so pretty on the face and gives you a natural glow look. the texture of this powder is smooth and silky and also this is highly pigmented product, so you need a light handed application with this.
i used this bronzer as a blush and contouring, and it give's me a natural sun kissed look, and i think this is the blush/ bronzer color that i've been looking for.
you can get this bronzer at TheBalm Indonesia counter for IDR 375,000 (US24) or you can get it online from Zalora.com with the same price.
so what do you think? have you try any TheBalm product? let me know in the comment bellow!
talk to you soon!


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Source of graphic www.sugar.org
How Honey is Made:
Honey starts as flower nectar, which is collected by bees, naturally broken down into simple sugars and stored in honeycombs. The design of the honeycomb, and with constant fanning by the bees' wings, evaporation to takes place, creating the thick, sweet liquid we know as honey.
The color and flavor of honey varies from hive to hive based on the type of flower nectar collected by the bees.
Honey has trace enzymes, minerals, vitamins, and amino acids.
Wikipedia's Definition :
a sugary food substance produced and stored by certain social hymenopteran insects. It is produced from the sugary secretions of plants or insects, such as floral nectar or aphid honeydew, through regurgitation, enzymatic activity, and water evaporation. The variety of honey produced by honey bees (the genus Apis) is the most well-known, due to its worldwide commercial production and human consumption.
My Definition:
Slightly Dehydrated Bee Regurgitation
Believed Benefits of Honey:
1. Helps prevent cancer and heart disease:
Honey contains flavonoids, antioxidants which help reduce the risk of some cancers and heart disease.
2. Reduces ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders:
Recent research shows that honey treatment may help disorders such as ulcers and bacterial gastroenteritis. This may be related to the 3rd benefit…
3. Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal:
"All honey is antibacterial, because the bees add an enzyme that makes hydrogen peroxide". This contributes to the incredibly long shelf-life of honey.
4. Increases athletic performance:
Ancient Olympic athletes ate honey and dried figs to enhance their performance. This has now been verified with modern studies, showing that it is superior in maintaining glycogen levels and improving recovery time than other sweeteners.
5. Reduces cough and throat irritation:
Honey helps with coughs, particularly buckwheat honey. In a study of 110 children, a single dose of buckwheat honey was just as effective as a single dose of dextromethorphan in relieving nocturnal cough and allowing proper sleep.
6. Balances the 5 elements:
Honey is referred as "Yogavahi" since it has a quality of penetrating the deepest tissues of the body. When honey is used with other herbal preparations, it enhances the medicinal qualities of those preparations and also helps them to reach the deeper tissues.
It is also said to be useful in improving eyesight, weight loss, curing impotence and premature ejaculation, urinary tract disorders, bronchial asthma, diarrhea and nausea.
7. Helps regulate blood sugar:
Even though honey contains simple sugars, it is not the same as white sugar or artificial sweeteners. Its exact combination of fructose and glucose actually helps the body regulate blood sugar levels. Some honeys have a low hypoglycemic index, so they don't jolt your blood sugar.
8. Heals wounds and burns:
External application of honey has been shown to be as effective as conventional treatment with silver sulfadiazene. It is speculated that the drying effect of the simple sugars and honey's anti-bacterial nature combine to create this effect.
9. Is probiotic:
Some varieties of honey possess large amounts of friendly bacteria.
10. Helps improve skin:
Its anti-bacterial qualities are particularly useful for the skin, and, when used with the other ingredients, honey can also be moisturizing and nourishing.
Varities of Honey:
There are over 300 varieties of Honey in the United States alone. The following are just a few:
Alfalfa Alfalfa is a legume with blue flowers. It blooms throughout the summer and is ranked as the most important honey plant in Utah, Nevada, Idaho, Oregon and most of the western states. Alfalfa honey is white or extra light amber in color with a fine flavor. The honey makes a perfect table honey for everyday use.
Avocado Avocado honey is gathered from California avocado blossoms. Avocado honey is dark in color, with a rich, buttery taste. It is wonderful in dressings and sauces.
Basswood This tree is distributed from Southern Canada, to Alabama, to Texas, and is the product of blossoms from the Basswood tree. Basswood honey is often characterized by its distinctive biting flavor. The honey is water-white with a strong flavor that works well in many recipes.
Blueberry Taken from the tiny white flowers of the blueberry bush, the nectar makes a honey which is typically light amber or amber in color and with a full, well-rounded flavor. Blueberry honey is produced in New England and in Michigan. Many people believe that Blueberry honey is honey to which Blueberry flavor is added; this is not so. Pure Blueberry honey is the result of bees gathering nectar from the Blueberry bush. It has wonderful applications in sauces and baked goods.
Buckwheat Buckwheat plants grow best in cool, moist climates. The buckwheat plant prefers light and well-drained soils, although it can thrive in highly acid, low fertility soils as well. Buckwheat is usually planted in the spring or is found growing wild. It blooms quite early and it yields a dark brown honey of strong, distinct flavor. Buckwheat has excellent application for BBQ sauces and baked goods.
Clover Clover honey is what most people think of as being typical honey flavor and color. It is widely used "on the table." Despite being the most common nectar producing honey plant, Clover honey is still a variety. White clover, alsike clover, and the white and yellow sweet clover plants are the most important for honey production. Depending on location and source, Clover honey varies in color from water-white to extra light amber and has a mild, delicate flavor. (There are a few different varieties of Clover – look on Honey Locator for White Dutch Clover, Sweet Clover, White Sweet Clover and Red Clover).
Eucalyptus Eucalyptus is one of the larger plant genera with over 500 distinct species and many hybrids. Eucalyptus honey varies greatly in color and flavor, but in general, it tends to be a bold-flavored honey with a slightly medicinal aftertaste. It may be used in baked goods, sauces, dressings.
Fireweed Fireweed honey is very light, or "water white" in color and comes from a perennial herb that affords wonderful bee pasture in the Northern and Pacific states and Canada. Fireweed grows in the open woods, reaching a height of three to five feet and spikes attractive pinkish flowers. It is delightfully sweet, and wonderful in dessert applications.
Manuka a small tree with aromatic leaves which are sometimes used for tea, native to New Zealand and Tasmania.
Orange Blossom Orange Blossom honey may be a single variety, but often it is a combination of citrus floral sources from Oranges and nearby Grapefruit or even Lime and Lemon trees. Orange is a leading honey source in southern Florida, Texas, Arizona and California. Orange trees bloom in March and April and produce a white to extra light amber honey with a distinctive flavor and the aroma of orange blossoms. It is savored the world over on the table for everyday use, or in cakes and cookies.
Sage Sage honey can come from many different species of the sage plant. Sage shrubs usually grow along the California coast and in the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Sage honey has a mild, delicate flavor. It is generally white or water-white in color. It is quite sweet in flavor, and pairs extremely well with strong cheeses.
Sourwood Despite its name, the Sourwood tree, found in the Appalachian Mountains from Southern Pennsylvania to Northern Georgia, has a sweet, spicy, anise aroma and flavor. The honey has been highly valued for table use or in a myriad of cooking applications such as glazes. It is said to have a wonderful lingering aftertaste.
Tulip Poplar The tulip poplar is a magnificent, breathtaking, tall tree with large greenish-yellow flowers that are unforgettable when viewed. It generally blooms in the month of May. Tulip Poplar honey is produced from southern New England to southern Michigan and south to the Gulf states east of the Mississippi. The honey is dark amber in color, however, its flavor is not as strong as one would expect from a dark honey. It has many applications in baking and cooking.
Tupelo Tupelo honey is produced in the southeastern United States. Tupelo trees have clusters of greenish flowers, which later develop into soft, berrylike fruits. In southern Georgia and northwestern Florida, tupelo is a leading honey plant, producing tons of white or extra light amber honey in April and May. The honey has a mild, pleasant flavor and will not granulate. The Tupelo tree has been designated as being on the "Ark of Taste," those plants and animals that are endangered and that must be protected.
Wildflower a flower of an uncultivated variety or a flower growing freely without human intervention.
Types of Honey:
Comb honey is taken directly from the hive beeswax comb, just as it is stored by the bees.
Liquid honey is prepared by cutting the wax cappings and processing the combs in a honey extractor. The centrifugal force removes the honey from the cells.
Granulated honey is a powdered form of honey that is made by drying or freezing the honey in order to draw out the water.
Creamed honey is a blend of one part granulated honey and nine parts liquid honey that is stored at about 57 degrees until it becomes firm.
Chunk honey is comb honey stored in a jar with liquid honey poured over it.
Raw vs. Pasteurized Honey
Honey is also categorized as either raw, which means it has not been pasteurized, or processed honey, which has been heated and strained to kill bacteria such as botulism.
Raw honey contains vitamins, minerals and enzymes not present in refined honey.
Sources of Information:


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17St/238lb Roadblock?
Discussion in 'General Weight Loss Discussion' started by Sphere, 9 July 2008 Social URL.
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MiniMins.com is a weight loss support community helping each other on their weight loss journey. We have a multitude of forums, from Slimming World and Exante, to Success Stories. Click the logo at the top right to return to the forum home page at any time.


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text: Hi this is my first demo vid so plz be nice lol, I have seen a lot of mixed reports about PSX4droid on the X10 so I thought I would make a small vid with my findings. To show its not a just me playing a video on the phone I play around with it a little lol. YouTube - FFVII on X10


text: Finally did the basic root access last night, now im itchin to install a ROM.. I have read till my eyes are bleeding so forgive me if I duplicate a question (I have several) First off I really like the stock HTC ROM but just want the darn thing to be faster so Im thinking I need the xtrSENSE?? there is no way to just tweak the stock right? Also so far I have done the NAND backup which will return me to exactly the way I was should i mess up or not be happy with a new ROM correct? I exported my contacts to the SD card and saved all contents of card on PC.. after the xtrSENSE install can I then import my contacts back from the SDcard? Just seen this in another thread and copied it.. will this work just as well? Seems like ever ROM I read about some says it's great but this or that doesn't work right. So I just rooted and flashed the engtools3., the overclock kernel, OC'd to 710. Got Superuser access, SetCPU, Wireless Teether and Titanium Backup. OC, Teether and delete stock apps while still on Sense UI. Works for me and don't worry about the ROMs. Thanks in advance for all the help, this place is great!


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Iceland is SUING frozen food supermarket...Iceland
BRITISH supermarket Iceland is facing a battle to save its name.
The government of Iceland is taking the supermarket to court to force a name change.
Some are calling it a "culinary cold war".
Legal action was first considered in September but Iceland's government has now confirmed it has taken legal action against the UK supermarket.
The government is battling on behalf of companies in Iceland to use the word "Iceland" in "relation to their goods and services".
Iceland's government has called the situation "untenable".
SA Business Iceland and Promote Iceland are also taking Iceland to court with country's government.
Iceland says the food retailer uses "Iceland" "even in cases when the products and services do not compete".
Iceland Foods said it "regretted" the Icelandic government's decision.
Iceland - Land of Fire And Ice by Iurie Belegurschi
Iceland Foods told Daily Star Online in a written statement: "We will vigorously defend Iceland Foods' established rights where there is any risk of confusion between our business and Iceland the country, we have been trading successfully for 46 years under the name Iceland.
"[We] do not believe that any serious confusion or conflict has ever arisen in the public mind, or is likely to do so.
"We hope that the Government will contact us directly so that we may address their concerns."
It comes as Icelandic goal celebration kings who regularly go viral with their efforts released their first one in five years.


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Vintage Retro Detroit Pistons Bad Boys Sweats Sweatpants
These are the Retro Vintage Detroit Pistons Bad Boys sweatpants sweats from 1989-1990 NBA Back to Back World Champions. These are the original sweats made by the original manufacturer. These are very limited and available in Small, Medium, Large, X-Large, 2X-Large and 3X-Large.


text: The first week or so, I was getting 12-13 hours per charge with VERY limited use. I did the CDMA fix just in case. Well, over the weekend, I started getting a measly 6-7 hours and started having to take my charger to work with me this week just to be able to make it home. I was still using it very sparingly, though. It made no sense, but I even called Radio Shack on Tuesday after getting down to 20% after only 4 hours of very little use. Of course, they were not really any help. Well, fast forward to yesterday (Wednesday). I again charged it the night before, and for no known reason, I am at 22 hours with 30 percent left after taking it off the charger yesterday morning. I used it quite a bit yesterday and did not charge it last night because I was so excited to see what it would do. I have no explanation because I didn't do anything differently. But, I hope it stays this way!!!!


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[IN STOCK] Minion charging cable 8-pin for Apple gadgets (DIRECT FROM KOREA)
Getting This
Getting This
Minion charging cable 8-pin for Apple gadgets Direct from Korea Limited stock available. 3 types available: 1. Minion STUART 2. Minion BOB 3. Minion KEVIN Please chat to confirm in stock status. 50% deposit is required to secure your order. Apple iphone plus ipad mini Macbook tablet itunes Minions only in Korea
bukit batok or clementi MRT / to my convenience for other locations, transport fees may be added if opting for meetup at other locations. please chat to enquire.
Normal mail - free (within Singapore only) Registered mail - +$2.30 Poly M (small) - +$2


text: Date Mehkar dating girls, single women seeking men online at free dating site in Mehkar! Meet a woman in Mehkar from thousands of girls and dating women seeking men in Mehkar looking for love, friendship, chat and serious relationship. Join Now Free and Meet Mehkar girls at online dating website QuackQuack!


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Save the Smith Party at the Top Hat
Next week there is a party at the Top Hat downtown Missoula for the support of the Smith River.
Next week there is a party at the Top Hat downtown Missoula for the support of the Smith River.
Did you know that just a few miles west of Missoula sits a whitewater rafters dream? Yes, the Alberton Gorge is home to class II and class III rapids. This stretch of whitewater boasts five major rapids, and numerous smaller rapids. Not only is this a whitewater lover's dream, it is just plain fun for anyone.
As we Missoulians know, there is no place like Montana in the summer. The weather is amazing and there is so much to do. It's one of the best places to live and enjoy the outdoors. If you're looking for a few ways to enjoy this summer, then here's a list of things to make sure you do before fall hits.
Four boys, one boat, two oars, one cooler full of food and drinks and six life jackets later we were on the river. It took all of about two minutes on the river before my boys jumped in the water. It was too hot to just sit in the boat and float. It wasn't too long before I joined them.
Our friends at Destination Missoula have announced that Missoula has been selected by Outside Magazine as a top river town.


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Bolloré Logistics is a global leader in international transport & logistics. Constantly adapting to its customers' changing needs, the company has enriched its expertise to become a tier-one supply chain partner and one of the top 10 transport and logistics companies in the world with the largest integrated logistics network in Africa.
A Toolbox at your disposal. LINK, the web & mobile solution bringing you visibility and full control over your shipments; Webportal, a secure and dynamic customer-dedicated portal to share information; Join us, the careers site to apply to our jobs offers; LINK Mobile, LIVE and Media, ways to learn all about our news. A one click access to your communication tools!
As companies increasingly trade with multiple partners around the world they are seeking more efficient, cost-effective and flexible supply-chain solutions.
For many, technology can vastly improve their operations, says Frédéric Serra,
business solutions and supply chain manager in the technology department of SDV
in Paris.
"Successful management of information is becoming critical to the
supply chain," Serra says.
"It allows companies to reduce costs by consolidating
flows and makes them more reactive and analytical."
From the more established
services such as tracking, reporting and warehouse management to the provision
of key performance indicators and electronic exchanges, logistics and
transportation providers are offering broader technological solutions to boost
the supply chain.
For example, SDV tracks more than 800 shipments a month for
a large aeronautical group, offering reactivity and decision-making 24 hours a
day for critical spare parts. It combines real-time information from operations,
carriers and local customs departments.
Reporting provides companies with
customized analytical information through a consolidated view of their
supply-chain activities while measuring the performance of parties involved. It
also offers exception management for large activities as well as process
controls for complex activities, allowing for better planning and
Order management, where the freight forwarder more deeply
integrates its client's supply chain, is another high-growth area. By using
their worldwide network and proximity to vendors, providers can ensure the
quantity, quality and timeliness of their clients' purchase orders while
offering cost savings through consolidation. Over the past three years, SDV, for
example, has developed order management and consolidation platforms for some of
the world's largest groups in industries ranging from textiles to luxury goods
and oil and gas. These platforms span purchasing and supply policies, such as
the choice of incoterms, and processes with vendors.
Interfacing, meanwhile,
allows clients to integrate logistics and transportation providers' systems into
their own computer networks so speeding up the exchange of information and
reducing data entry as well as the potential for errors. "We can receive booking
instructions and purchase orders and send back the status of shipments using
international electronic data interchange standards or the client's own format,"
notes Serra.
Integrated systems are proving especially popular. SDV expects
to have around 100 integrated clients by the end of this year compared to just
eight back in 2007.
In the future, Serra expects logistics and transportation
providers to further integrate the supply chain by assuming responsibility for
entire logistics systems and making decisions on behalf of their clients. These
decisions, based on instructions received electronically combined with
consolidated data, can also include optimized scenarios that include real-time
constraints. For example, the tool could decide to ship goods by air instead of
sea taking into account the cost and time of transport.
Serra thinks the role
of freight forwarders could eventually evolve to full control of the logistics
budget with specific targets to reduce costs, noting that SDV is talking to one
aeronautical client about offering such a service. "Clients want freight
forwarders to use technological tools to identify and react to problems on their
behalf," he says. SDV expects to have its own global decision-making tools
online by the end of next year.
"Complete integration is the way forward for
large clients," Serra adds. "Technology allows us to manage the complexity of
the supply chain as well as the decision-making process."
BOLLORÉ LOGISTICS will present its Aerospace solutions at the Pari ...
Bolloré Logistics Awarded at the China Offshore Convention in Shenzhen
Bolloré Logistics Mozambique Handling Inland Operations for Sasol
Eastern Produce Malawi Entrusts the Management of its Tea Export ...
Handling Logistical Services for the Tasiast Gold Mine in Mauritania
Kenya Hosts Delegation from the Specialty Coffee Association of America
Bolloré Transport & Logistics Ivory Coast Logistics Partner of th ...
More fuel-efficient for the Boeing 787 and the Airbus A350
of Urbanisation is expected by 2050
mega-cities are expected by 2050, with at least 10 million people, compared to 1...
of growth for E-commerce retail market in Europe in 2015
of goods are moved by road
Population in Africa
of Africa's population will be urbanized by 2050
of growth for Indian GDP in 2014
of growth for African GDP in 2016
of growth for East Asian GDP in 2015, the world's fastest-growing region
transported by the MSC Oscar, the largest container ship in the world
is the size of the MSC Oscar ship
is the Non-Stop Flight Record done by Solar Impulse
of growth in 2015 for Global Airfreight demand
Customer Environmental Solution
Technology and Service Dedicated to the Fashion Industry
End-to-End Urgent Delivery Service from Europe to Africa
Transportation Flow Management to Landlocked Countries
Expert in Express "door to door" deliveries
Integrated logistics solution : Bolloré Logistics, global leader in supply chain management
SME, Attract New Territories


text:
Chuggin' along!
Curitiba Travel Blog› entry 28 of 30 › view all entries
June 27th, 2006 – by: D-Rock
Finals are coming up soon - one Friday and one Saturday - though I still have about 18 days left of the trip.
We're in Curitiba right now, been here since Friday (when we left Iguacu) and will leave for Sao Paulo on Sunday.
Went to a club Saturday night, was pretty sweet. Tried to go out last night (Monday), but couldn't find anything, lol.
There is tons of work to be done, its crazy. Tons of reading, blogs to write, classes, site visits, group activities that cannot be missed (such as last night's adventure of "Cup Pong," lol), World Cup games that cannot be missed, going out and doing random things to get to know the city and the people, and then of course going out to clubs and bars at night.
So, that said, I'm gonna go work. But first, a bit about Curitiba. I'm really enjoying my time here, a nice hotel with very nice guys who run it. The city is very modern and efficient, with great public transportation (supposedly, I guess it is if you know how to use it or where you want to go), and with well-planned development, though not without its problems. It is very, very different from Floripa (beach town) and Iguacu Falls (tourist town), and most like Buenos Aires, though much less busy and crazy. Curitiba is much more family oriented.
Santiago and Daniela (two Argentine's who study with us, not for grades, but as a cultural component) met us here in Curitiba, as did Felipe, our other professor (Uruguayan).
I went to the Chilean Consulate here to see about getting my visa (thanks again Dad for getting all that info for me!) but, alas, no luck. They can only give me a student visa if I am Brazilian. I have to go to the Chilean Consulate in Miami to get mine. I am going to email some people to see if I can enter on a tourist Visa and then get my student visa while I'm there. We'll see. But all around, everything's great! Ciao guys! :) Derek
PS - photos are of Iguacu Falls, Brazilian side
PPS - by the way, Paraguay was cool - hopped across the border, raining hard the whole time, did some tourist shopping, hopped back over, soaking wet :)
PPPS - best memory of Curitiba so far, our professor Felipe playing Flip Cup and Beer Pong with us! lmao!
PPPPS - a close second: shotgunning my first beer - got in on video!
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text:
Click for upcoming dates!
Congrats to all of our winners!
Free Recipe Kit – CORY RANSOM
Free FerMONSTER – CLAYSON SATHERS
Free Hop Spider – BILL LORENTZ
Free Stainless Growler – CORY WHITELY
$20 Gift Certificate – DEREK WACH
Didn't know we were having a raffle? Make sure you're getting our promo emails, subscribe here!
Starting in August, we'll be adjusting our Sunday hours. We will now be open from 10A – 2P. All other store hours will remain the same.
Thank you for your understanding!
Category: Amber
1st Place – Aron Faria – American Brown Ale
2nd Place – Robert Riess – Tasty Brown
3rd Place – Robert Riess – Session Brown
Category: Cider
1st Place – Peter Munoz – Pear Cider
2nd Place – John Orcutt – Apple, Mango, Pineapple Cider
3rd Place – Greg Boedecker – Pineapple Cider
Category: Dark
1st Place – Peter Munoz – Russian Imperial Stout
2nd Place – Robert Riess – Chocolate Porter
3rd Place – Al Lemke – Sweet Stout
Category: Other
1st Place – Al Lemke – Pineapple IPA
2nd Place – Al Lemke – (Lightly) Smoked Porter
3rd Place – Michael Faircloth – Biere de Garde
Category: Pale
1st Place – Joseph Raya – Hoppy Saison
2nd Place – Troy Vetsch – Kolsch
3rd Place – Peter Munoz – Belgian Blonde
BEST IN SHOW – Top 5 overall score averages head-to-head. Original scores thrown out.
Congratulations to all of our winners! Score sheets are available at the store to pickup, if you'd like. We will be contacting the 1st place winners & Best of Show regarding prizes.
Offers expire on Father's Day, 6-18-17.
The time has finally come, Barley & Wine is hosting our inaugural home brew competition. The contest will be free to enter, but you must register ahead of time. Each brewer will be limited to a total of four entries. We will provide independent judges and you will receive score sheets for each beer. I mean, winning is nice, but it's the unbiased feedback us brewers are truly looking for.
Beers must be registered and submitted (three 12 oz bottles) by June 2nd. Judging will take place June 3rd.
Want to learn to make your own beer? Look at our upcoming class schedule HERE!
1st QTR – NE: 0 & ATL: 0 – John Frederick – BARLEY & WINE T-SHIRT
2nd QTR – NE: 3 & ATL: 1 – Heath Macias – 32oz Io-Star Sanitizer
3rd QTR – NE: 9 & ATL: 8 – Jason Van Horn – $25 Gift Certificate
Overtime – NE: 4 & ATL: 8 – Robert Riess – FREE Recipe Kit ($49.99 value)
Stop in anytime to redeem your prizes!
The "Barley Bowl" Squares are all filled, good luck to everyone who entered. If you missed out, be sure to check your weekly emails for upcoming promotions. Not on our email list? Sign up today!


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All reviews seem negative
This was really bad. Go to the Nightmare Mansion instead. The only good part of the haunted Funhouse is that we where allowed to leave.
Pros: We got to leave.
Cons: Bad pr...
From family friendly trips with kid friendly activities to local plumbers lawyers, spas, and contractors. Judy's Book has millions of listings and reviews for the best and not so great. Whether you're looking for a specific business or just trying to discover great places we make it easy. We're a family oriented site focusing on bringing trusted reviews and recommendations to moms and others. Green and Sustainable places are becoming more relevant to Judy's Book users, have a favorite place? Write a review and tell users why it's Green!


text: So I haven't found a thread about this, but I was wondering if anyone knew of any chat apps that worked by using SMS instead of the internet (like older phones do). The reason is that I'm not always in areas where I can connect to 3G or Wifi, but I'd still like to be able to chat through MSN using texts like I used to on my old phones. If anyone knows of anything, please let me know, thanks!


text:
Elk Grove VillageHome Menu
Leicester Road (North of Biesterfield Rd) Reconstruction
Project Update - November 2017
The contractor has completed the project with only minor cleanup work that will continue thru the next few weeks. We thank everyone for their patience and understanding throughout this project.
Leicester Road Detour
Click for More Detail
Project Overview
This summer the will be reconstructing Leicester Road from Biesterfield Road north to Wellington Avenue as part of the Village's long-range capital plan Elk Grove 2025: Investing for the Future. The project is anticipated to begin in July and be completed by mid-November. The project includes full depth pavement removal and replacement, curb, sidewalk and driveway apron removal and replacement, new water main installation, repairs to the existing storm sewer system and landscaping restoration. The work will be staged to ensure access to Alexian Brothers Medical Center and residential properties remains available throughout the duration of the project. Traffic detour signage will be posted to assist motorists around the construction.The project will be broken into 5 main stages as follows:
- Stage 1 – Installation of the Water Main from Biesterfield Road to Wellington Avenue (Two-way traffic will be maintained)
- Stage 2 – Reconstruction of Leicester Road from just south of Gloucester Drive to Wellington Avenue (Complete closure of Leicester Road from the Gloucester Dr to Wellington Ave including both intersections)
- Stage 3a – Reconstruction of the west side of Leicester Road from Alexian Way to just south of Gloucester Drive (Northbound One-way Traffic Only. Access to Alexian Brothers and Condominiums will be maintained.)
- Stage 3b – Reconstruction of the east side of Leicester Road from Alexian Way to just south of Gloucester Drive (Northbound One-way Traffic Only. Access to Alexian Brothers and Condominiums will be maintained.)
- Stage 3c – Reconstruction of Leicester Road between the two Alexian Brothers entrances (Complete closure of Leicester between these two driveways. Access to Alexian Brothers and Condominiums will be maintained.)
- Stage 4 – Complete closure of Alexian Brothers main entrance from Leicester Road (This work will take place over the weekend. The entrance will be reopened by 6:00am the following Monday.)
- Stage 5a – Grinding and placement of the HMA surface course from Biesterfield Rd to Wellington Avenue (This work will take place over the weekend)
- Stage 5b – Landscape restoration and roadway striping (Two-way traffic will be maintained)
Over the next few months I will be providing you with updates on the Leicester Road Construction project in an attempt to keep everyone as informed as possible. Our goal is to complete this project with minimum disruption to everyone. The Village thanks you in advance for your patience and understanding. If at any time you have a concern or question, please feel free to contact me at 847-734-8077.


text:
Former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney returned to his native state of Michigan on Tuesday to kick off his bid officially for the 2008 Republican presidential nomination.
Romney evoked memories of his father, former Michigan Gov. George Romney, as he spoke from the Henry Ford Museum in Dearborn. His presidential bid comes 40 years after his late father made an unsuccessful run for the GOP nomination in 1968.[...]
"Innovation and transformation have been at the heart of America's success," Romney said. "If there ever was a time when innovation and transformation were needed in government, it is now."
And the bigger news? The Orange County Republican machine LOVES him.
(From OC Blog's Red County magazine)
... Governor Romney has visited Orange County on a number of occasions and has raised a significant amount of cash on behalf of his PAC. During one OC event in late summer, Romney organizers raised nearly $1 million. In the process, he has also gained the support of influential business and community leaders and impressed political enthusiasts with a series of speeches that clearly and articulately conveyed his grasp of the important issues. In short, presidential candidate or not, Mitt Romney is the real deal.
Oh, yes! The OC GOP machine is wasting no time picking their candidate for 2008. In just ONE NIGHT at the swanky St. Regis in Monarch Beach, Romney raised a cool million. The OC GOP has also chartered a private jet to fly Romney back and forth for past events. Obviously, they seem to love him...
But why? Why do they love him? Perhaps is it because the masters behind the machine have hand-picked Romney as their company man?
After all, Romney was won the devotion of OC's most powerful man himself, Mike Schroeder. Schroeder has now agreed to drop everything and become Romney's California political director. And of course, OC GOP chairman Scott Baugh is also giving Romney his full support. Well, it also helps that "Romney's biggest finacial [sic] supporter in O.C. also employs the county party chairman".
So why Rommey? All the polling suggests that Romney's far from front runner status. Many conservatives still don't see him as a "true believer". And oh yes, Rommey has that "Mormon problem" that may cost him many Christianist votes. So why would the OC GOP get behind THIS GUY?
I'm guessing that this is nothing more than a power play. If Rommey somehow gets the nomination, then the OC GOP machine will have their own candidate to manipulate, control, and use to their own advantage. But even if Romney never gets that far, his candidacy can still be used as a power play. Perhaps they can use Romney to deprive McCain the nomination, or Giuliani, or someone else that they don't like. Or perhaps, they can use him to get attention. But no matter how Romney loses, the OC GOP will find a way to win.
(Cross-posted at Calitics)


text:
You can alternately connect to control sites in one or more projects using the Command line from the Start menu or in the Properties dialog box of the RCO UI icon. In order to connect to multiple projects, they must be enabled for broadcast over the network.
Do one of the following:
Method 1
Place a shortcut of the RCO Runtime User Interface (rco_ui.exe) file on your Windows desktop.
Right-click the icon and select Properties from the popup menu to display the RCO Runtime UI Properties dialog box.
Enter in the Target field the
Path to rco_UI.exe followed by the path to the profile file, for example
"C:\Program Files\GE Fanuc\Proficy CIMPLICITY\exe\rco_ui.exe" E:\RCO\Profile.rui
Path to rco_ui.exe.
Path to profile (.rui) file.
Click OK.
Double-click the icon.
Method 2
Click Start on the Windows task bar.
Select Run to display the Run dialog box.
Enter rco_ui followed by the fully qualified path to the profile file,
rco_ui d:\RCO\Profile1
The Search dialog box displays showing the list of active control sites in the profile, when you use either method.
Select the site you want to view.
Click OK to open the RCO User Interface.
Note: If there is only one active control site in the profile, or a default site is configured, the Search dialog box will be bypassed and the RCO User Interface will open directly to the active site.
Step 1. Connect the RCO Runtime User Interface.


text:
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- Was this review helpful to you? Yes


text:
Successfully transitioning from a current product to a next generation, without damaging the business today, is one of the toughest balancing acts in business. That's the challenge that the darling of the Canadian mobile market, RIM, faces today.
Friday afternoon a customer casually asked me what I thought of RIM Co-CEO Mike Lazaridis' session at All Things D last week. I hadn't seen it, but the online commentary would lead you to believe that it was an unmitigated disaster. The video highlights and the live blog of the session show host Walt Mossberg drilling on business questions, and Lazaridis gamely trying to focus the discussion on technology. Mossberg was having none of it, unfortunately.
Lazaridis really had to do two things with this interview:
- Defuse the growing criticisms of RIM's competitive position versus iPhone and Android.
- Paint a compelling picture of the future of BlackBerry without killing the current business.
Frankly, he didn't do either very well.
In insisting RIM is today still a global leader, Lazaridis sacrificed credibility, and appeared defensive. He would have been better to take a more humble stance and simply acknowledge that the company is late to the game in next generation smart phones, and then talk about the roadmap to making up that lost ground. That would have been a great story, because it's such a compelling future.
When it came to talking about the future, Lazaridis tap-danced around directly stating that future BlackBerry phones would be built on QNX, although that statement was a required element in order to paint a cohesive roadmap. It left the audience confused, not enlightened, and resulted in some of the scathing commentary published later. His best option would have been to directly state "BlackBerry OS 7 will be built on QNX, and we expect to release that in the second half of 2011", or something like that.
If you're transitioning a business:
- Make sure you paint a compelling picture of the future for customers. You have to get them enrolled in your vision, and excited about what's coming down the pipe.
- Don't be afraid to shoot your old business in the head. The best way to get customers to upgrade to your new products is to position your old products as somehow deficient.
Now, where can I get one of those RIM PlayBooks? I want one!
Related articles
- RIM's Mike Lazaridis: QNX coming to BlackBerry phones when dual-core processors are ready (engadget.com)
- RIM CEO Opens Mouth, Inserts Foot (fool.com)


text:
This tour focuses on northern Tanzania and
the group of national parks which form one
of the most impressive safari areas in Africa.
View more climate information & imperial units
Fly to Arusha and transfer to Onsea House /
Arusha Coffee Lodge* for 1 night. (N)
Drive in a 4x4 vehicle to Tarangire National Park.
Full-day wildlife viewing. Stay 2 nights at Olivers
Camp / Tarangire Treetops*. (B, L, D)
Safari activities in Tarangire. (B, L, D)
Drive to Karatu via a safari drive in Lake Manyara
National Park. Stay 2 nights at Plantation Lodge /
The Manor*. (B, L, D)
Safari drive in the Ngorongoro Crater, Masai
village visit and picnic lunch. (B, L, D)
Transfer to Lake Manyara airstrip and fly to Lobo
airstrip. Stay 3 nights at Dunia Camp / Migration
Camp*. Daily safari activities. (B, L, D)
Fly to Arusha. Short city tour and day room
available at Arusha Coffee Lodge before your
flight home. (B, L) Arrive the next day. (N)
As per itinerary – B: Breakfast,
L: Lunch, D: Dinner, N: No meals.
Featuring some of the most luxurious
accommodation throughout the tour. Prices are
based on the standard category, unless indicated
For a price quote based on alternative accommodation standards, to discuss flight options or to tailor this itinerary, please call 020 7808 6780 or email firstname.lastname@example.com
First built in 1927 by an American coffee farmer, The Arusha Coffee Lodge is the first five star property in Arusha, and is set in beautifully landscaped gardens, with sweeping views over a working coffee estate and Mount Meru. The Lodge has all of the amenities and luxuries for the discerning traveller, and has recently undergone extensive refurbishment. Accommodation includes lodge bedrooms and delightful garden chalets which feature multi-level living areas, with huge balconies and stunning fireplaces. Although the rooms are not air-conditioned, each does have a ceiling fan. All rooms have a coffee interior theme, with a private coffee grinder and in-room percolator, to help experience the true aroma of the coffee estate. The hotel has 2 restaurants (both of which offer buffet and a la carte menus), and 3 bars. There is a heated swimming pool for guests, and there is also access t...
Read more
This luxury-tented camp in the northern Serengeti overlooks the Grumeti River and is on the migratory route of the Serengeti wildebeest. The tents are built on raised platforms offering sweeping views from their private balconies. The central dining area and bar are positioned atop a series of cantilevered decks, maximising the views of the game plains...
Tarangire Treetops is a wonderfully original property consisting of giant tree houses set on platforms among a cluster of trees. Each tree house has a private verandah and lounge area, with sweeping views which are perfect for watching the sunset. The camp's location in a private concession area allows it to offer activities not possible within national parks such as night...
The Manor was one of the first German-Dutch settler farm homes in the area and has recently undergone a total restoration. Set within a 1,500 acre estate and close to the Crater, The Manor has 20 guest cottages, each with a private courtyard and deck. There is a swimming pool, tennis courts, a sauna and a steam...
Regional air connections are available from within the UK. Please contact your travel consultant for current prices from your nearest city.
We can also arrange flights from overseas, simply give us a call to find out more.
If you choose to take the tour without flights arranged through Cox & Kings, please contact one of our travel consultants prior to booking the flights to ensure that you are aware of the tour timings and all the implications of not booking through us. We strongly advise you not to book flights independently of Cox & Kings if significant charges would apply in case of cancellation.
Flight details may be subject to change prior to departure.
This tour can be booked / reserved online by clicking on one of the coloured links below.
SPT2017: 8 Nights
The Ngorongoro Crater was once a gigantic volcano, perhaps taller than Kilimanjaro. Today...
The Serengeti is the most famous of Tanzania's national parks. The name is derived from the Masai word 'siringet'...
Only an hour's easy drive from Arusha, Tarangire is one of Tanzania's most accessible game parks. Home...