text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 6, 2012
|Filing date
|Sep 30, 2005
|Priority date
|Sep 30, 2004
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Beat U. Meier
|Original Assignee
|Sap Ag
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (21), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (20), Classifications (19), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. �119 to U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/614,039, filed Sep. 30, 2004, which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The present invention generally relates to the area of electronic data processing. More particularly, embodiments of the invention relate to methods, computer systems and computer program products for providing long-term authenticity proof of electronic documents, such as for fulfilling certain legal requirements.
Data processing is commonly used, e.g., in the field of administration and management of enterprises, cost counting, cost allocation and bookkeeping. In various countries, recommendations and legal regulations have been released for the exchange of electronic documents in order to make the electronic exchange of documents and the electronic document itself suitable for being acknowledged as "documents" in the legal sense in the same way as traditional paper documents are. Examples for such recommendations are VAT guidelines and regulations of the European Union (EU) and CEN-Report for elnvoicing.
In Germany, electronic documents, particularly electronic invoices are acknowledged as documents in a legal sense provided that the electronic document, i.e. the electronic invoice, is digitally signed, that the receiver of the document verifies the signature and that the sender and receiver archive the document. Further, the signature has to comply with the German signature law. This means that the signature has to be a qualified signature. Further requirements on electronic documents, particularly invoices, are based on the principles of orderly bookkeeping. Regulations for an acknowledged archiving in a legal sense comprise that the electronic document to be archived has a qualified signature in case of electronic invoices, that the electronic document is stored on an unchangeable storage medium, that converted and unconverted data are archived with respect to an index comprising a link to a converting mechanism if applicable, and that the archiving procedure is recorded.
Using digital signatures requires a public key infrastructure (PKI). The main body of such an infrastructure, is a Certification Agency (CA) that issues, stores and distributes digital certificates ("electronic passports"). To acquire a digital certificate, a public and a secrete (also entitled private) key pair has to be generated locally. A certificate request, containing only the public key is sent to the Registration Agency (RA) of the CA or directly to the CA. The CA has defined processes to check the request e.g. personal appearance with passport at the RA may be required, and to issue the certificate. The secrete key has to be kept under complete control of the certificate owner, because it is used to digitally sign or decrypt documents. The public key may be used by the public (e. g. business partner) to verify signatures or to encrypt private or confidential messages for the certificate owner. Examples of CA's are VeriSign Inc. (Mountain View, Calif., USA) or TC TrustCenter AG (Hamburg, Germany). CA's and RA's are also known as Trusted Third Parties (TTP) and they usually offer services to retrieve certificates, to check for certificate revocation and for time stamping documents.
The time of validity of certificates is usually limited. Additionally, certificates can also be revoked before the time limit is reached, for example when the underlying secrete key may no longer be secret. Therefore a digitally signed document may need to be re-signed or a new time stamp may be applied by a trusted third party with the respective actual newest encryption technology before the time limit of the last used certificate is reached. By properly time stamping the document the continued authenticity of the original signer and the integrity of the document can be ensured over any time period, also in case that an older key applied or an older encryption technology applied may be cracked in the meanwhile.
Software applications and systems which provide a solution to part of the regulations pointed out above are known. Software applications for sending and receiving digitally signed electronic invoices are also known. The sending module allows on a sender's computer system creating a digital signature for documents, creating an envelope comprising the document and the digital signature, and sending the envelope to a receiver module on a receiver's computer system. The term "signed document" is alternatively used for the envelope.
Creating a digital signature comprises calculating a hash value which is unique for the document to be sent. The result of encrypting the hash value using the secrete key is equivalent to the digital signature. For transmission the digital signature may be converted into an ASCII code string. Suitable signature processes are known in the prior art.
The receiver module allows on a receiver's computer system receiving an electronic document via a communication interface, decrypting the signature by means of a public key of the sender, validating the signature, archiving the document, the signature, the public key of the sender, the result of a converting process, if applicable, and a report of these various processes, in passing the document to a business software system of the receiver. Validating the signature may, for example, be implemented by a method comprising calculating a hash value of the document by means of the same process that has been applied on the sender side and comparing that calculated hash value with the hash value obtained by decrypting the signature received with the document using the public key of the signer. Identity of both values reveals the originality and integrity of the document.
A hash value is also known as "digest". It is a number which is calculated for a document by a one-way function. The algorithm of the one-way function is highly sensitive with respect to changes in the document, and therefore the hash value is unambiguous for the document. However, it is not possible to retrieve information about the content of the document from the hash value. The algorithms for calculating hash values are public and not secret.
When an electronic document has to be transmitted confidentially it is encrypted with the public key before sending and transmitted in the encrypted form. It can be opened by the receiver only when he knows the secret key corresponding to the public key used upon encrypting the document. Because encryption and decryption of large documents using public key cryptography is expensive in terms of computing effort, public key cryptography is only used to exchange a symmetric secret key which is then used, to actually encrypt and decrypt the document using symmetric algorithms such as DES (Data Encrypting Standard of NBS).
In the context of this disclosure, a proof of authenticity is understood to be the proof that an electronic document comes from a specific person or legal entity defined in the digital certificate.
The security of the contemporarily used encrypting methods relies on the fact that it is presently not possible to reduce large numbers into prime factors with a fast algorithm. Even very fast programs require some thousand years of calculation time to reduce a number with two hundred digits into prime factors. However, in case that this could be done faster one day, the cryptosystem can be cracked.
For certain electronic documents, particularly for invoices under certain legal regulations, a proof of authenticity over many years is required. Examples for such electronic documents are contracts and invoices or generally, like in Germany, documents where a "qualified" digital signature is legally required.
Because the methods and algorithms for proving authenticity of electronic documents used at the time an electronic document is created and digitally signed, may become insecure (e.g., the method used may be cracked due to the development of the corresponding techniques) secure methods and algorithms must be reapplied periodically by re-signing or time stamping the electronic document and its digital signature. In the context of a legally qualified signature of an electronic documents it is prescribed to re-sign the electronic signature of documents in given time distances, wherein upon each re-signing a presently new encryption method can be used and therefore cracking of the signature, the key or the electronic document can be prevented.
However, fulfilling these requirements or legal requirements for time stamping an electronic document having a digital signature, requires a search for the documents to be time stamped in large archives, retrieving the documents with their digital signature, performing the time stamping process and re-storing the time stamped documents in an archive. In a state of the art time stamping process therefore the document itself to be time stamped must be available in the time stamping process. This is not only inefficient and requires an expensive archiving technology, but also provides a risk in security, because the electronic documents have to be retrieved, handled and transmitted. Further, it is presently nearly impossible to entrust a service provider with performing the time stamping process, because the electronic documents would have to be transferred to the service provider, requiring a lot of effort in order to fulfill the secrecy and privacy requirements and in order to avoid spying of sensitive data.
For example, time stamping of electronic documents is of practical interest in "electronic bill presentment and payment (EBPP) systems". Such systems provide for centralized and consolidated presenting and collecting of invoices for a sender or receiver of invoices. In such a system a service provider has for a certain time, typically three months or another accounting period, the required data and invoices for presenting the invoices and managing the payment. At the end of the accounting period the invoices are deleted in the system of the service provider for security reasons. For archiving purposes the service provider usually can store the data and invoices handled by his system on a data carrier, usually a CD-ROM, which is given to the customer of the EBPP system for archiving purposes.
The digital signature of the invoice provided by the service has to fulfill very high requirements, e.g. for allowing a pre-tax deduction. These legal requirements include time stamping within the validity of the last used signature certificate. Obviously, the effort involved in retrieving the documents for re-signing is very high. The EBPP system provider therefore would also like to offer long term archiving services, without the need of the original invoice data.
Thus, there is need for methods, software applications, data processing systems and computer programs providing a more efficient solution of at least a part of the problems described above. In particular, it is desirable to provide methods and systems for storing an electronic document having a digital signature in an improved manner allowing an easier long-term authenticity proof and further improved methods and systems for re-signing electronic documents having a digital signature.
The above description is based on the knowledge of the present inventor and not necessarily known in the prior art.
Consistent with embodiments of the present invention, methods and systems may be implemented for providing long-term authenticity proof of an electronic document having a digital signature, wherein the electronic document is digitally signed with a digital signature, wherein the digital signature is constructed in a method which comprises calculating a hash value of the electronic document, and wherein the electronic document and its digital signature are archived in a data archive. Such methods and systems may store the electronic document in a first data archive and store hash information data comprising information about the hash value of the electronic document in a second data archive different from the first data archive.
In accordance with embodiments of the present invention, separating content (i.e., the electronic document) and data (i.e., the hash information data or the digital signature) required for proof of authenticity of digital documents, may ensure that the handling of the digitally signed electronic documents is simplified, particularly when the electronic document or its hash information data or digital signature is re-signed. Separating the original document and the authenticity proof chain allows standard archiving of the original document and outsourcing of the technically demanding re-signing process and authenticity proof to a third party or another internal or external service. Further, embodiments of the invention can reduce work, working time and costs upon archiving digitally signed electronic documents and particularly upon re-signing their digital signature.
Embodiments of the invention further relate to methods and systems for providing long-term authenticity proof of an electronic document having a digital signature, wherein the electronic document is digitally signed with a digital signature and the electronic document and its digital signature are archived in a data archive. Such methods and systems may comprise storing of the electronic document in a first data archive and storing of a hash value of the electronic document in a second data archive different from the first data archive. Long-term authenticity and integrity can be achieved by periodically re-signing, particularly time stamping the hash value in the second data archive.
An enterprise can outsource the re-signing process to a service provider running a corresponding software application performing a re-signing method on a separate computer system. One advantage of this is for small and medium size enterprises, which are not capable of running an extended information technology infrastructure. The service provider in such a scenario may receive the hash information data (the digital signatures) to be re-signed, process these hash information data (digital signatures) and forward them back to his customer (the enterprise). This process does not require transferring the original document to the service provider, thus reducing work and cost and avoiding confidentiality problems.
Embodiments of the invention are further directed to computerized systems, computer-readable media including a carrier signal, computer programs and computer program products, each comprising program code or instructions for processing electronic documents according to the above-mentioned methods and/or embodiments of the invention, as disclosed herein.
Computer programs consistent with embodiments of the invention can be installed as one or more programs or program modules on different hardware systems (computers of computer systems) and run separately and independently of each other in their entirety, being capable of performing the methods and other embodiments consistent with the present invention. The different systems may be connected in the form of a network to communicate with each other.
Additional objects and advantages of the various embodiments of the invention will be set forth in part in the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the embodiments of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. Embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the detailed description section and in the appended independent and dependent claims. The various embodiments can include and/or exclude different aspects, features and/or advantages, where applicable. In addition, various embodiments can combine one or more aspects or features of other embodiments, where applicable.
It is understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive to the embodiments of the invention, as claimed. The description of aspects, features and/or advantages or particular embodiments should not be construed as limiting other embodiments or the claims.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one (several) embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
Reference will now be made in detail to the present embodiments (exemplary embodiments) of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts.
Within the context of this specification, the terms used shall have their usual meaning in the context of the field of data processing, particularly data encrypting and decrypting, unless defined otherwise. Particularly, a computer system broadly refers to any stand alone computer such as a personal computer or a laptop or a series of computers connected via a network, e.g. a network within a company, or a series of computers connected via the Internet. Computer systems and programs may be closely related. As used herein, phrases such as "the computer provides", "the program provides or performs specific actions" and "a user performs a specific action" are used to express actions by a computer system that may be controlled by a program or to express that the program or program module may be designed to enable the computer system to perform the specific action or to enable a user to perform the specific action by means of a computer system.
In this context, the term "automatically" is not intended to exclude a user's interaction with the computer system in the course of processing.
The disclosed methods as described in the summary section may be implemented, for example, by means of a computer system and a computer software which allows processing business software applications and which allows the use of databases or data base applications and Internet applications.
Electronic documents used with the invention may be in any conventional format, for example as a structured document like XML, HTML, EDIFACT, SWIFT document or in customer-specific record form. The term "structured document" thereby broadly refers to documents which contain an application-related assignment of values, e.g. XML, or to documents for which such assignment is contained in a separate electronic document, e.g. EDIFACT. In the field of electronic invoicing, electronic invoices may be of the type EDIFACT, XML, HTML, PDF and IDOC. An electronic document can be converted or reconverted into the applicable format.
In one preferred embodiment of the invention, the electronic document may be stored in a first data archive together with at least one of the following data: a signature specification, the date and time of the digital signature, the hash value of the electronic document, the digital signature of the electronic document. According to another or an additional embodiment, the hash information data may be stored in a second data archive together with at least one of the following data: a signature specification, the date and time of the digital signature, the digital signature of the electronic document.
In one embodiment, the following data may be stored upon storing a digitally signed document: the electronic document, a signature specification, the date and time of the digital signature and the digital signature of the electronic document comprising the hash information data about the hash value of the electronic document. The hash value can be retrieved from the digital signature using the secret key. According to embodiments of the invention, the electronic document can be stored in a first data archive and the hash information data comprising information about the hash value of the electronic document is stored in a second data archive which may be different from the first data archive. The signature specification, the date and time of the digital signature and the digital signature can be stored either in the first data archive or the second archive. However, if redundancy is required or not to be avoided, the signature specification, the date and time of the digital signature and the digital signature can be stored both in the first data archive and the second archive, just as the hash information data which can be stored also in the first data archive in addition to the second data archive.
In a preferred embodiment, the hash information data stored in the second data archive may comprise at least one of the following: the hash value of the electronic document, data from which the hash value of the electronic document can be retrieved or calculated, the digital signature of the electronic document, a time stamp of the digital signature.
An embodiment of the invention relates to a method in which the first data archive is stored on a first storage medium. The storage medium may be any kind of usual storage device, particularly a portable storage device such as magnetic disks (e.g. floppy disk or hard disk), optical devices (such as CD-ROM and DVD) or a flash memory device. The storage medium should be non-volatile and can be used for a secure storage of the data included.
A further embodiment comprises storing the second data archive in or on a second storage medium, that second storage medium being preferably different from the first storage medium. The second storage medium may be of any applicable kind like the first storage medium. In case that the second storage medium is different from the first storage medium, i.e., that a physically different data carrier or storage device (of the same or of a different type of storage medium) is used, it is particularly easy to transmit the second storage medium to a service provider for re-signing the data included without the need to handle and to transmit the first storage medium, thereby also avoiding security risks with respect to the secret data included in the first data archive.
In a preferred embodiment, the electronic document stored in the first data archive may be a set of electronic documents comprising multiple, particularly numerous single electronic documents. One advantage of embodiments of the invention is in cases in which a great amount of electronic documents has to be digitally signed and archived in a manner allowing later re-signing of the electronic documents, for example for enterprises storing their issued and/or received invoices. In such cases, the set of electronic documents comprising multiple single electronic documents may be preferably stored on the same (identical) first storage medium allowing easier data handling and archiving.
The digital signature (or a hash value or hash information data) can be calculated and constructed for all electronic documents to be digitally signed together, for a subset of electronic documents or for each individual electronic document. According to embodiments of the invention, the hash information data can comprise a hash information (a data digital signature) for individual electronic documents for a subset of electronic documents comprised in the set of electronic documents, the hash information data can comprise a hash information data (a digital signature) for each individual electronic document of the set of electronic documents, the hash information data can comprise multiple hash information data (digital signatures), wherein at least of the hash information data is a hash information data for a subset of electronic documents or the hash information data can comprise a hash information data for each electronic document or only one common hash information data for all electronic documents. In all cases, it may be preferable when the hash information data of the set of electronic documents are stored in the same (identical) second data archive and further preferably preferred when the hash information data of the set of electronic documents are stored on the same (identical) second storage medium.
A further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that a hash information data stored in the second data archive comprises a hash value of the corresponding electronic document and the description of the algorithm used for calculating the hash value.
Another embodiment is characterized in that a hash information data stored in the second data archive comprises at least one of a reference value and an index value of the corresponding electronic document for a later retrieval of the electronic document for proving the authenticity of the electronic document in a verification process.
In one preferred embodiment, the digital signature comprises a time stamp from a trusted third party or a trusted authority. A trusted authority, for example, may be TC Trust Center.
According to another embodiment, the digital signature comprises a certificate or a reference to a certificate of an authorized person or a legal entity. In preferred embodiments, the digital signature is a qualified digital signature. A qualified digital signature can be granted only by specific certification agencies which have to fulfill very high requirements, also with respect to the hardware equipment, and have to be recognized as an accepted agency.
In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the first data archive is archived in a standard archive for storing data and the second data archive is archived in a re-sign archive different from the standard archive for a later re-signing of the hash information data stored in the second data archive.
Use of the inventive methods preferably allows to prove the authenticity of an electronic document in a verification process by retrieving the digitally signed electronic document from the first data archive, retrieving the corresponding hash value (particularly a time stamped hash value) of the electronic document from the second data archive and performing a standard digital signature verification process with the retrieved data. However, the requirement of proving the authenticity of an electronic document is probably a rare case in practice.
In still additional embodiments of the invention, the electronic document is an invoice or a credit note. However, any type of document, e.g., purchase orders, delivery notes, contracts, letters, faxes, may be processed by the disclosed embodiments of the invention and its adaptation thereof.
A further embodiment is characterized in that the digitally signed electronic document being digitally signed with a method according to the invention is re-signed by providing a new digital signature (a new time stamp) to the hash information data stored in the second data archive and storing the re-signed hash information data in a data archive. Preferably the re-signed hash information data is stored in the second data archive. According to legal requirements, it may be required to re-sign hash information data (the digital signature) in order to provide long-term authenticity of the data contained. Re-signing an electronic document is particularly periodically necessary before the certificate of the last time stamp or digital signature expires. There may be additional circumstances, where a re-signing is required or recommended, e.g. in the case of revocation of a certificate. The re-signed document also has be to retrievable up to the same required number of years, e.g. required by law, as the original document has to be retrievable.
In a preferred embodiment, re-signing comprises a time stamp from a trusted third party or a trusted authority or comprises a digital signature using a certificate of an authorized person or legal entity and at least fulfills the legal requirements of the original signature, e.g. contains a qualified digital signature. It is preferred when the re-signing with a new digital signature is performed before the most recent digital signature is revoked or its time of validity ends.
With methods according to the invention, it is possible to perform the re-signing of hash information data stored in the second data archive without retrieval of the electronic document corresponding to the hash information data, which electronic document is stored in the first data archive. Therefore, in preferred embodiments, the re-signing of the hash information data (i.e. the digital signature of the electronic document) can be performed by a service company.
In the rare case of proving the authenticity of an electronic document the authenticity of the electronic document is proved in a verification process by retrieving the electronic document from the first data archive, retrieving the corresponding re-signed hash value of the electronic document from the data archive and performing a standard digital signature verification process with the retrieved data.
Processors suitable for the execution of a computer program include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors and any one or more processors of any kind of digital computer. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from a read-only-memory or a random access memory or both. The essential elements of a computer are a processor for executing instructions and one or more memory devices for storing instructions and data. Generally, a computer will also include, or be operatively coupled to receive data from or transfer data to, or both, one or more storage devices (storage means) for storing data, e.g. magnetic, magneto-optical disks or optical disks. Information carriers suitable for embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example semi-conductor memory devices such as EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory can be supplemented by, or incorporated in, ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits).
To provide for interaction with a user, the invention can be implemented on a computer system having a display device such as a CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) or LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), a monitor for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device such as a mouse or a trackball by which the user can provide input to the computer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interaction with a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback, such as visual feedback, auditory feedback or haptic feedback; an input from the user can be received in any form, including acoustic, speech or haptic input.
Reference will now be made in detail to the principles of the invention and its embodiments by an explanation on the basis of a data processing process, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
Referring now to
Processor 105 performs computation and control functions of computer system 101, and comprises a suitable central processing unit (CPU). Processor 105 may comprise a single integrated circuit, such as a microprocessor, or may comprise any suitable number of integrated circuit devices and/or circuit boards working in cooperation to accomplish the functions of a processor. Processor 105 may suitable execute (object-oriented) computer programs within main memory 108. Auxiliary storage interface 112 c allows computer system 101 to store and retrieve information from auxiliary storage devices, such as magnetic disk (e.g. hard disks or floppy diskettes) or optical storage devices (e.g. CD-ROM). One suitable storage device is a direct access storage device (DASD) 107. As shown in
While the present invention has been (and will continue to be) described in the context of a fully functional computer system, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms consistent with embodiments of the present invention are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that embodiments of the invention apply equally regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media to actually carry out the distribution. Further examples of signal bearing media include: recordable type media such as floppy disks and CD-ROMs, and transmission type media such as digital and analogous communication links, including wireless communication links.
Memory controller 106, through use of a processor is responsible for moving requested information from main memory 108 and/or through auxiliary storage interface 112 c to processor 105. While for the purposes of explanation, memory controller 106 is shown as a separate entity, those skilled in the art understand that, in practice, portions of the function provided by memory controller 106 may actually reside in the circuitry associated with processor 105, main memory 108 and/or auxiliary storage interface 112 c.
Terminal interface 112 a allows system administrators and computer programmers to communicate with computer system 101, normally through monitor 104, keyboard 103, mouse, trackball and the like, or through programmable workstations. Although the system 101 depicted in
Input/output interface 112 b allows computer system 101 via processor 105 to communicate with general input/output means 109, including a net connection 110, for sending and/or receiving data, e.g. for a net connection with one or more further computer systems 111, or for sending or receiving of data to or from other parties. A plurality of computer systems like computer system 101, can be connected via the net connection 110 in the form of a network. In such a case, the network computers 111 can be used as further input/output means, including the use as further storage locations.
In one preferred embodiment, memory 108 suitably includes an operation system, programs and data, particularly an electronic document 114, receiving module 115, a converted electronic document 114 a, a log file 116, a processing module 117, a database 118 available via DASD storage 107, and a CD/DVD burner 119.
It should be understood that for purposes of this application memory 108 is used in its broadest sense and can include Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Static RAM (SRAM), flash memory, cache memory, etc. While not explicitly shown in
The operating system provides the basic functionality that controls the computer system 101. The operating system can comprise any suitable operating system, such as IBM's OS/400, OS/2, Microsoft's Windows, Java and the various types of UNIX. The database 117 provides the mechanism for persistently storing object data in the computer system 101 and can be any suitable, preferably relational database such as those available from IBM, Oracle or Microsoft.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that more than one of the mentioned processors may work in parallel in a computer system.
Referring to now to
According to known techniques, the digitally signed document 124 may be archived in a data archive, wherein a data entry in the data archive includes the elements of the digitally signed document 124 as shown in
According to embodiments of the invention, the hash information data, i.e. the digital signature 123 or the hash value 122, is stored in a second data archive different from the first data archive. More detailed, in the second data archive are stored a reference to the digitally signed document 124, the hash value 122, the hash value algorithm, and optionally, the digital signature parts 121 and 123 of the digitally signed document 124. The second data archive may also comprise the public certificate 125. One idea of embodiments of the invention is that the hash information data (e.g. the hash value 122) is stored in a separate second data archive.
Of course, the signature specification 121 can be stored in the first data archive, the second data archive or (if data redundancy is intended or not to be avoided) both in the first and second archive. The hash information data, the digital signature 123 and the hash value 122 can be stored in the first data archive too. The different possibilities of separating storing of the data of the digitally signed electronic document 124 in a first and in a second data archive are illustrated in
The separation of data and proof of long term authenticity based on time stamping according to an embodiment of the invention is illustrated in
The document identification id, the hash value(s) 122 and a description of the algorithm(s) used to calculate the hash value(s), i.e. the signature specifications 121, are stored in a separate document B. The original electronic documents 124 are stored in a standard archive 130, i.e. on a CD, that ensures retrievability up to the required number of years, e.g. in order to fulfill legal requirements. The document B should be time stamped by a trusted third party and the separate document B is archived in a second data archive 131 different from the first data archive 130 in which the electronic documents 124 are stored in a standard archive. The separate document B also has to be retrievable up to the required number of years.
Because the hash value 122 (the "fingerprint") of the original electronic documents 124 or the document set A are stored in a separate document B, handling of the documents A and B is much simpler compared to the prior art. The original document A can be stored in the usual manner and does not have to be reaccessed or retrieved for time stamping. The document B, containing the hash value 122, can be stored in a special archive and easily time stamped. Upon storing and time stamping document B it is possible to involve a third party without the risk of disclosing valuable information included in the document A to the third party.
For proof of authenticity of all files of document set A, only the document B has to be time stamped. The time stamping may be required and performed according to legal requirements, e.g. before the original signature or time stamp expires. In order to fulfill legal requirements, it is often required that re-signing is performed by a trusted third party, i.e. by a time stamping service. Such authorities fulfill very high cryptographic and legal requirements.
Referring now to
In a re-signing process according to know techniques, the digitally signed document 124 re-signed according to
In the (rare) event that a proof of authenticity of an electronic document 120 or a set A of electronic documents is needed, that proof can be provided for a digitally signed electronic document 124 stored in accordance with the invention, no matter whether it has been re-signed or not. The required file, i.e. the electronic document 120 or the set A of documents has to be retrieved and extracted from the first data archive, and the corresponding separate document B has to be retrieved from the second data archive. Then the hash value(s) is(are) recalculated using the hash algorithm(s) defined in the digital signature or the separate document B. If the recalculated hash value of the file equals the hash value for the file indicated in document B and a document B is authentic, e.g., it has been digitally signed, particularly with a time stamp of a trusted third authority, and the re-signed procedure has been done correctly (if a re-signing has been performed and the last signature is verified and correct), the file of the document set A, i.e., the electronic document 120, must also be authentic.
Referring now to
Modifications and adaptations of embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. The foregoing description of an implementation of embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not exhaustive and does not limit embodiments of the invention to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from the practicing of embodiments of the invention. For example, the described implementation includes only software, but systems and methods consistent with the present invention may be implemented as a combination of hardware and software or in hardware alone. Additionally, although aspects of the present invention are described for being stored in memory, one skilled in the art will appreciate that these aspects can also be stored on other types of computer-readably media, such as secondary storage devices, for example hard disks, floppy disks or CD-ROM, the Internet or other propagation medium or other forms of RAM or ROM.
Computer programs based on the written description and flow charts of this invention are within the skill of an experienced developer. The various programs or program modules can be created using any of the techniques known to one skilled in the art or can be designed in connection with existing software. For example, programs or program modules can be designed in or by means of Java, C++, HTML, XML or HTML with included Java applets or in SAP R/3 or ABAP. One or more of such modules can be integrated in existing e-mail or browser software.
While illustrative embodiments of the invention have been described herein, the present invention is not limited to the various preferred embodiments described herein, but includes any and all embodiments having equivalent elements, modifications, omissions, combinations (e.g. of aspects across various embodiments), adaptations and/or alterations as would be appreciated by those in the art based on the present disclosure. The limitations in the claims are to be interpreted broadly based on the language employed in the claims and not limited to examples described in the present specification or during the prosecution of the application, which examples are to be construed as non-exclusive. For example, in the present disclosure, the term "preferably" is non-exclusive and means "preferably, but not limited to". Means-plus-function or step-plus-function limitations will only be employed where for a specific claim limitation all of the following conditions are present in that limitation: a) "means for" or "step for" is expressly recited; b) a corresponding function is expressly recited; and c) structure, material or acts that support that structure are not recited.
It will be noted that when features are linked by "or", this "or" is respectively to be understood firstly as being a mathematical "or" and secondly as an "or" which excludes the respective other possibility.
The claims submitted herewith are wording proposals without prejudice for attaining extended patent protection. The applicant reserves the right to claim further combinations of features previously disclosed only in the description or any other combinations of features disclosed in the description. Expressions in brackets in the claims do not represent limiting features.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
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|D. Pinkas, "Policy Requirements for Time-Stamping Authorities", Nov. 1, 2003.
|EPO Communication and Search Report, dated Dec. 11, 1006 (9 pages).
|European Communication and Search Report (4 pages), Oct. 31, 2006.
|IETF, "XML-Signature Syntax and Processing," W3C Recommendation, Feb. 12, 2002 (54 pages).
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Mar 27, 2012
|Mar 25, 2014
|Adobe Systems Incorporated
|Long-term validation of a digital signature status indicator
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|Blackberry Limited
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
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|Dec 22, 2005
Owner name: SAP AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:MEIER, BEAT U.;REEL/FRAME:017387/0907
Effective date: 20051114
|Jan 31, 2012
Owner name: SAP AG, GERMANY
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Owner name: SAP SE, GERMANY
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|Aug 27, 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text:
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
89.10 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Leonardo Royal Hotel Munich is offering 424 tasfefully furnished, nice rooms for those looking for a place to stay at in Munich. The hotel is offering you freshly prepared fine local meals in its restaurant every day. Car parking possibility is available nearby. Car rental service will help you discover the most important attractions. Should you want to do sports while you are on travel, you may also take the services offered by the gym. The café and the bar are an ideal place to host a personal meeting or a pleasant evening talk. In the safe your valuables may be the safely secured. Wireless Internet connection (WiFi) is available at the hotel, ensuring that you can stay up-to-date during your holiday. If you wish to learn more about the exact scope of services provided by Leonardo Royal Hotel Munich (including those available for an extra fee) or about the equipment of the rooms, you can find the complete list on the information sheet below.
Payment Depeding on the selected room, date and price, you may be asked to provide credit card guarantee or to pay by credit card in advance.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest time of check-in is 15:00, the latest time of check-out is 12:00. The personnel can speak English and German languages.
Leonardo Royal Hotel Munich rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Parking (17 €/night)
Free WiFi in shared places
Relaxation: Fitness
Car rental nearby
- Finnish sauna
Pet friendly (10 €/night), Garden, Bar, Cafe, Elevator, Safe deposit box
Own restaurant
Hairdryer, Desk in the room, Mini-bar, Tea/coffee-maker

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Charms Boutique Lollipops
|Premium Lollipops with a creamy natural vanilla center. Genuine flavor profiles that blend decadent dessert flavors and popular trends with ribbons of sweet creamy goodness. Like works of art, these colorful pops are swirled to perfection. Eight fabulous flavors are available: Crème Brulee, Root Beer Float, Cinnamon Bun, Raspberry Lemon Tart, Birthday Cake, Orange Cream, Caramel Latte, and Strawberry Cheesecake. These are packaged in a box of 48 pieces.
There have been no reviews


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Pukekohe Christmas Parade
The Pukekohe Christmas Parade is organised by the combined services associations of Pukekohe. The Pukekohe Business Association is proud to be a primary sponsor of this event.
This year the parade will be held from 2pm Sunday 3rd December, with a rain date on the following Sunday, 10th December.
The theme this year will be A Storybook Christmas.
Stay Tuned for more details
|Pukekohe Christmas Parade Entry Form 2017 (331kb)
Click here to view photos of the Parade and behind the scenes....


text:
Copy and paste the embed code below. The code changes based on your selection.
The code has been copied to your clipboard.
Video size
Police shot and killed a man in Berkeley, Missouri, sparking new unrest in a region still troubled by an August police shooting of a black teenager in Ferguson.


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Support BC Women's Hospital at YYoga this Fall
July 3, 2014
Ongoing until November 23rd, attend YYoga's By Donation yoga classes in support of BC Women's!
BC Women's Hospital Foundation is excited to partner with YYoga for By Donation yoga classes until November 23rd.
YYoga Downtown Flow: Wednesdays, 1:30 - 2:30pm, Flow*
YYoga West 6th: Fridays, 8:45 - 9:45pm, Hatha*
YYoga West 6th: Saturdays, 8:45 - 9:45pm, Hatha*
*Suggested cash donation of $5 - $20 for BC Women's Hospital Foundation
Visit the YYoga blog for more information!
Post Comment


text:
Regular bodied, fast setting, low VOC PVC cement for all classes and schedules with interference fit through 4 in. (110 mm) diameter (except Sch. 80). Excellent for irrigation, electrical conduit, pool and spa and plumbing, including PVC foam core pipe. Weld -On 700 is for use on all types of PVC plastic pipe applications, Type I and Type II. It is suitable for use with potable water pressure systems, irrigation, turf, foam core, conduit, industrial pipe applications, sewer, drain, waste and vent systems.
California residents: see Proposition 65 information
- Fast setting
- Low VOC
- Use on all types of PVC plastic pipe applications
- 3-year shelf life


text:
When employees walk out the door at an energy company, vital trade secrets related to drilling schedules, completion techniques and processes could go with them.
That's more relevant now than ever because the industry is shedding jobs at a rapid rate.
Mary Goodrich Nix, a shareholder in the business litigation section of Munsch Hardt Kopf & Harr in Dallas, said the Uniform Trade Secrets Act has key provisions that can protect companies, if they take proper steps.
Internal protection plans, limiting that information to need-to-know employees only and requiring non-disclosure and non-compete agreements can be a big help.
"The company has to understand its own trade secrets, know what those are and be very specific internally when it's developing the trade secrets to define it both in writing and to be clear with employees," Nix said. "Where I see companies get into trouble is too broadly defining trade secrets. Then, being unable to prove that those are trade secrets when they actually get into a court."
When a secret does get out, the company can usually go back to see if employees forwarded sensitive documents to their personal email, for example.
One recent case occurred when Aubrey McClendon was forced out of the company he founded, Chesapeake Energy (NYSE: CHK). The company accused McClendon of taking sensitive materials with him to his next venture, which leased in many of the same areas of Ohio. Chesapeake sued McClendon, who countersued.
Companies don't have many options once a secret gets out. "Either try and shut it down or get money. Even when you shut it down, the people who found out, they already know," Nix said. "You can just to stop them from using it for some amount of time. You hope that by the time that injunctive relief is over that the information they have is no longer relevant."


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Version Number in HTML
While looking through the source of my site I noticed something quite disturbing from a security standpoint. The All in One SEO plugin puts the version number in the source of the site. From a security standpoint this is a big no-no, you don't want people to know the version of something you are running. If your version is outdated and there is a known security problem it is much easier for a script kiddie to exploit.
For my personal site I changed the following code:
echo "\n<!-- all in one seo pack $this->version "; if ($this->ob_start_detected) { echo "ob_start_detected "; } echo "[$this->title_start,$this->title_end] "; echo "-->\n";
echo "\n<!-- all in one seo pack -->\n";
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- The topic 'Version Number in HTML' is closed to new replies.


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/ Position: FBO Supervisor
/ Location: Glasgow
/ Salary: £25,000
/ Job Information:
FBO Supervisor – Glasgow
We are seeking an experienced FBO Supervisor to perform and oversee daily operational and administrative duties, to ensure a safe, efficient and enjoyable customer experience to all our FBO clientele. This is a physical and hands on role, offered on a full-time rostered basis of 4 days on and 4 days off.
/ Main Responsibilities of Position:
The FBO Supervisor is principally responsible for the following:
• Supervising and directing FBO staff on duty during assigned shifts to deliver a safe, efficient and positive customer experience in accordance with published company procedures and relevant regulations.
• Supervising an exceptional client experience in all aspects of work in accordance with Company standards, achieving and maintaining the highest level of customer service standards at all times and by all members of the FBO team.
• Safely and efficiently conducting, directing and overseeing handling, cleaning and refuelling operations on a variety of aircraft as required, whilst adhering to all relevant policies and procedures
• Be a primary customer facing representative of the company when necessary. To be well presented, with impeccable conduct, conducive to providing the highest level of customer service.
• Ensuring the quality of fuel in order to adhere to/maintain Quality, Health and Safety and Environmental standards, as required by internal and external publications, policies, procedures and processes as appropriate
• Ensuring that the correct issue and receipt of aviation grade fuels to aircraft and to ensure that these are correctly recorded
• Directing aircraft towing activities as required and ensuring that routine and ad hoc apron foreign object inspections are undertaken
• Overseeing and directing all elements of aircraft and passenger handling including all standard and ad-hoc client services requested
• Coordinating the compilation and maintenance of any records, requests for data and general tasks pertinent to the operation as and when required
• Ensuring that all items required under the Carriage of Dangerous Goods is carried and maintained in accordance with the applicable regulations
• Coordinating all operational tasks associated with handling third party aircraft and overseeing the transportation of clients and third parties as required
• Administration of customer requests, documentation and invoices plus The maintenance of vehicle documentation and publications in accordance with current internal and external publications, policies, procedures and processes as appropriate
Successful candidates will have and be able to show, a proven history of aviation refuelling and of working within an FBO. Excellent communication skills and IT literacy are essential.
The hours are 07.00 – 19.00, working a shift pattern of 4 days on 4 days off. HGV licence is preferred but not essential.
Salary is £25,000 and full Company benefits apply.
Please apply by means of an up to date CV and a covering letter.


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A 22-year-old Hephzibah man has been charged with an armed robbery and shooting at Dollar General, 3134 Wrightsboro Road, Monday evening.
Authorities were called to the store around 9:30 p.m. after the manager heard gunshots and glass breaking from her location in the office at the rear of the store.
Through surveillance video, she was able to see the gunman enter the store through the shattered door, according to an incident report. The manager and an employee fled to the back parking lot and hid until authorities arrived.
Authorities said the suspect, later identified as John Cornelius Boyd, did not take any money from the store.
Deputies discovered Boyd fleeing the area in a car previously seen parked in a wooded area nearby. Clothing and the gun used in the robbery were also discovered in the woods.
Boyd has been charged with burglary, criminal attempt armed robbery and possession of a firearm during the commission of a crime.


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The Missing Girl Trailer (2015)
13 September 2015 Drama, Comedy, Mystery 89 mins
THE MISSING GIRL tells the story of Mort, the lonely and disillusioned owner of a comic book shop, and Ellen, the emotionally disruptive graphic novelist he's hired. The story involves the search for a girl who isn't missing and the discovery that it's never too late for late bloomers.
Watch the official The Missing Girl 2015 trailer in HD below or find more The Missing Girl videos on Vidimovie.


text: Hm, I'm not 100% sure if this is legit or not, but it seems .co.cc is providing free webhosting now. http://webhosting.co.cc/ Begin autoblog abuse now? Monthly Price: $0.00 Disk Space: 200 MB Monthly Traffic: 1000MB Domains Hosted: 2 Sub-domains: 6 Parked Domains: 20 MySQL Databases: 1 MySQL Database Storage: Max 200MB 1-click 50+ Scripts Installer: Fantastico POP3/IMAP E-mail accounts: 2 FTP Accounts: 1 Instant Account Activation: Yes Free Domain: Yes Control Panel: cPanel®


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Our company achieved another major milestone last year, reaching a record $20 billion in revenue and a year-over-year growth rate of more than 6 percent. We hit that business goal thanks to your energy, drive and determination, and we have a strong foundation to build on in 2017.
In 2016, Cox Communications delivered on its brand promise to connect our customers with the people and things they care about most. The team grew its customer base for the second year in a row, adding 95,000 new subscribers. CCI saw $450 million in revenue growth, the highest in eight years, and the Cox Business team reached a huge milestone by achieving $2 billion in revenue. In 2017, CCI plans to continue that momentum by investing in cable infrastructure and technology so we can beat the competition in our most important markets. The company will also continue to grow customers through new marketing and sales strategies.
John Dyer, President and CEO
Last year, team members at Cox Automotive focused on the integration of Dealertrack and continued to see double-digit growth at Manheim and NextGear Capital. Looking forward, the team plans to deliver strong financial results, drive a performance culture and focus on executing business priorities. This year, we will focus on strengthening the well-known brands in our portfolio such as Autotrader and Kelley Blue Book. The Cox Automotive vision of transforming the way the world buys, sells and owns vehicles is still very much the goal for all team members.
At Cox Media Group, our employees did what this company has always done: cover the news stories that matter most to the communities we serve. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution's investigative series on doctors who abuse patients is a must-read and sheds light on some of our most vulnerable fellow citizens. That story was carried in many of our other newspapers along with each community's perspective on this important issue. Our hearts ached in June in the aftermath of the worst mass shooting in our nation's history, but our radio and TV stations in Orlando played a critical role in not only keeping the community informed, but also creating a safe space for healing and dialogue. We also thanked Bill Hoffman for his 38 years at Cox and welcomed Kim Guthrie as the new president of Cox Media Group.
At corporate, we named Alex Taylor, a fourth-generation member of the Cox family, as EVP and chief operating officer. Alex's commitment to the company is extraordinary, and the Cox family's continued involvement in our company helps ensure our values stay true. The Cox Employee Relief Fund gave more than $1.3 million in assistance to employees negatively impacted by flooding in Baton Rouge and Hurricane Matthew. And we closed the year by opening the new Discovery Center at our headquarters in Atlanta.
It's clear that this company has had an amazing run since its founding 118 years ago. We can't wait to see what comes next. Onward into 2017 and beyond!


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Australia's Middle Kids celebrated signing to Domino Records in style, releasing brand new single "Never Start." Everything is falling into place for the Aussies as they've announced a slew of headline worthy news over the past few weeks.
Middle Kids is set to perform on Conan on Feb. 14 and release their debut, self-titled EP on Feb. 17. In addition to showcasing their talents on national television, the trio is touring this spring with Cold War Kids and playing at SXSW.
Middle Kids will stop through both Charlotte and Atlanta on March 5 and 7, with an appearance in Saxapahaw sandwiched between the two.


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iPhone and iPad devices got the new Facebook update to version 10.0. This application doesn't have Most Recent Newsfeed in the top right corner of the screen. These changes can be frustrating unless you know where to look for Facebook news feed on iPhone. We offer you a look at the changes with the fix.
There is no need to be confused once you launch the update and don't see what you expected to see. The feature is still available in the application. It has been just relocated by developers and you can learn how to find Most Recent news feed on Facebook for iPhone and iPad by following this short instruction.
Step 1. Open Facebook 10.0 for your iDevice [you can download the free update from iTunes].
Step 2. Click on the More option [look for it at the low right corner].
Step 3. Scroll down until you find the Feeds menu.
Step 4. Click on the > sign that is located near Feeds.
Step 5. Select Most Recent option.
Users who didn't use Facebook iPhone app Most Recent news feed feature will not see the difference, however customers who frequently clicked on this feature will be upset. Maybe Facebook will return the option to its original location if a lot of people complain about changes being uncomfortable as it takes longer to click three times instead of clicking once.


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About Us
The Companhia Caminho Aéreo Pão de Açúcar (The Sugarloaf cable Car company), a privately-owned Brazilian company, was founded in 1909 by engineer Augusto Ferreira Ramos and a group of friends with a seed capital of 360 contos de réis (the Brazilian currency at the time).
Augusto Ramos ran the Company from 1909 to 1934. He was replaced by businessman Carlos Pinto Monteiro, who managed the Company in the following 28 years.
Engineer Cristóvão Leite de Castro took over management of Companhia Caminho Aéreo Pão de Açúcar in 1962, and was Director-President until 1999.
In 1993, his daughter, architect Maria Ercília Leite de Castro, replaced him as General Director of the Company and has managed the company to this date.
The mission of the Sugarloaf Cable Car Company is to safely and comfortably convey visitors to a world of enchantment, constantly investing in innovation to generate happy and unforgettable experiences while valuing the Brazilian culture.
The Sugarloaf Cable Car Company (Companhia Caminho Aéreo Pão de Açúcar) is constantly seeking to improve the excellence of the services it offers to tourists, and is now planning to invest its own resources to further improve the tourist complex. In the last five years, more than BRL 25 million were invested to modernize the tourist complex on the Morro da Urca and Sugarloaf mountains.
For example, approximately BRL 800 thousand have been invested in the Plano Inclinado project, which provides for installation of access platforms for people with special difficulties and is now in its implementation stage. In addition to this, another BRL 300,000 have been invested to replace the elevators used by disabled persons.
Another improvement was the development of the cable installations at the tourist spot, and for transportation of clean water and wastewater, electric energy and other inputs, BRL 5 million were invested. The plan is estimated to provide a return of investment in three years.
In 2008 and 2009, new cars with innovative design, a new ventilation system and smoked anti-reflex glass, as well as a digital command and power system replaced the previous, analog ones that had operated during thirty-six years. A total of BRL 18 million were invested in this renovation project.
In addition to applying large amounts of resources in improving the tourist complex, the company constantly invests in the qualification and learning of its highly specialized employees, regularly trained by our Technical Management team. We are proud of the fact that our cable cars have safely transported about 40 million visitors with an operating system that is considered a worldwide benchmark.
The Natural Environment
With woods for hiking, and calm places to relax, read, or simply enjoy birds singing, the tourist complex reflects our concern with the natural environment.
In 1981, the Company launched a program to reconstitute the vegetation on the slopes of the mountains, removing the fire-prone guinea grass.
The Plan for Reconstitution of the Vegetation of Morro da Urca and Pão de Açúcar, started by the Company in 1983. It was conducted by the Institute for Nature Conservation (Instituto de Conservação da Natureza), in association with the State Secretariat of Science and Technology.
"Operation Vegetation", as the reforestation program was called, covered an area of 100,000 square meters. A total of 20,000 ornamental and fruit trees were planted with seedlings from the city's Botanical Garden, and a landscape enrichment plan was designed. The local fauna was also reconstituted using animals arrested by the General Department of Renewable Natural Resources (Departamento Geral de Recursos Naturais Renováveis).
The native tibouchina trees, as well as palm trees, begonias, orchids, ferns and a number of other species have now returned to the mountains. The rebirth of the tropical forest brought back the monkeys, as well as collar birds, tanagers and other birds. The Morro da Urca and Sugarloaf plateaus were also planted with jackfruit, ficus, avocado and guava trees. Reforesting of the Cara de Cão and the Sugarloaf mountains took four months and also brought excellent results, attracting birds like the scarlet macaw, seriema, yellow-breasted toucan, and mangrove parrot by distributing appropriate food in 50 bird feeders spread amidst the vegetation. A whole team of employees was in charge of local conservation and a veterinarian was assigned to assist the birds. In 1993, these animals were donated to IBAMA, the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources.
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The stock market reported 3.5 million lei gross profit for third quarter and 4 million lei for first quarter. BSE's full-year forecasts indicated 7.9 million lei profit, 35% below year-ago level.
"The profit was largely driven by the cost-cutting measures we've put in place year-to-date. In the first nine months, we have managed to save little over 2 million lei, and a large element of the cost saving came from payroll costs reductions. These results will lift our fourth-quarter earnings", said Stere Farmache, chairman of Bucharest Stock Exchange.
However, BSE's nine-month profit is below year-ago levels, when the daily cash equity trading averaged €10 million, versus current €5 million.
"We haven't drawn up our 2010 budget, due to the economic uncertainties. Furthermore, elections for the new board are scheduled for the beginning of the year, and it would be normal for the new board to set up the new budget", said Farmache.
He said it was too early to announce his candidateship. "For the moment I want to successfully complete my mandate and end a new profitable year for BSE".
Later this week, shareholders of the Bucharest Stock Exchange will talk the conversion of preferred stocks into ordinary shares, a measure in line with BSE's plan to list its shares on its own trading platform. According to latest data, preferred shareholders hold 13.14% of BSE's equity.
"The General Meeting of Shareholders will represent a turning point in the development of Bucharest Stock Exchange as shareholders will have the option to trade BSE shares", the head of the stock market said.
As for the potential merger with the Sibiu stock market, Farmache said "It is obvious that a merger with Sibiu stock market must not be ruled out from the equation. It would be inappropriate for BSE to look at a regional hub and ignore a local source."
Inregistreaza-te pe Wall-Street sau conecteaza-te prin Facebook pentru a primi periodic articole similare.
In lipsa unui acord scris din partea InternetCorp, puteti prelua maxim 500 de caractere din acest articol daca precizati sursa si daca inserati vizibil linkul articolului BSE reports nine-month pre-tax profit of 7.5million lei.


text:
Naresh R.
Houston, TX, 77049
Joined on September, 2012
Gender: Male
Average Rating:
Any day in the evening
Lives Near:
Can Meet:
Up to 15 minutes away for a flat fee
EducationMS in Systems Engineering with Mechanical Option at University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR), AR.
year - May 2011
ExperienceWorked as Lab Assistant in Mechanical Workshop at UALR for 2 years.
I worked as tutor for 4 yrs during my Bachelors degree.
GRE score 1070/1600
TOEFL score - 81/120
I am interested in teaching, make some money and keep myself busy.
Presently working as Mechanical Engineer at GE.
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text:
Announced at Google's annual developer conference on May 15, the Recon Jet is a pair of polarized sunglasses that is capable of running both native and user-designed apps, streaming video and connecting wirelessly to the Internet and smartphones. The device runs on a miniaturized dual-core processor and features everything from Wi-Fi and Bluetooth to GPS and a high-definition camera for sharing information and images with friends via Facebook. The Jet is expected to be released later this year but in the meantime you can check out a video demonstration of the smartglasses above.
- Source: Cool Hunting


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www.websitetrafficbuilders.com seo search engine optimization software & tips for using SEO to improve your rankings and traffic. Before starting SEO techniques you must know how to check your website stats. Know if your search engine optimization is working. Track your search engine optimization, organic results, PPC, on page & off page optimization, Meta tags, header tags, keyword density, URLs, link development, directory submission, local directories, online yellow pages, one-way links, two-way links, three-way links, article submission, rss feed distribution, blog submission, and online press release optimization. For more interesting videos, please visit my Youtube channel: www.youtube.com
Video Rating: 5 / 5


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Wednesday, 2 November 2011
Corporate granny chic
Don't forget my giveaway!!!
Enter my fabulous BRACELET GIVEAWAY with Sandy Mitchell Jewellery!
This is what I actually looked like at work, i.e. sitting at my desk, the other day: reading glasses on, coat over my shoulders and quite smartly dressed (for no reason other than that's how I felt like dressing that morning).
The chain on my glasses is soooo granny chic but I wear it because it's practical - I only need to wear glasses for the computer so if they're not round my neck I'm always leaving them places and losing them. I usually have a coat round my shoulders till about lunchtime as the office doesn't warm up till then. And although our dress code is pretty casual I felt like wearing my scarf in a big bow with my new Peter Pan collar shirt secretary-style. Fortunately, the high ponytail stops me venturing into real old biddy territory - a hair bun (which I wear a lot) would be a disaster.
The combination of all these things adds up to a very business-chic look and hey, it makes me look my age (it's the chain on the glasses' fault), but who cares, I still love the look all the same...!
Glasses: Kyusu (my reading glasses)
Raincoat: Ellen Tracy
Shirt: Asos
Vest: Primark
Trousers: Wallis
Scarf: Oasis
Belt: Asos
Watch: Red Herring
Ring: Accessorize
Bangles: Asos, Debenhams, F+F
Nails: Barry M Gold
Don't forget my giveaway!!!
Enter my fabulous BRACELET GIVEAWAY with Sandy Mitchell Jewellery!
Labels: animal print, autumn, beige, brown, button up, coat, dressed up, layering, neutrals, office chic, pattern, scarves, statement accessories, ties
4 comments
Great post.ReplyDelete
i hope you can check out mine!
Catherine, I love your look and the title of your post. Granny chic--I really like that. The leopard belt gives you away though--not granny at all, just really chic.ReplyDelete
love this outfit! you look great! love the scarf and the belt the most! :)ReplyDelete
Wow! I love this look so much! Very beautiful and stylish!ReplyDelete
'The Wind of Inspiration' style blog
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This store sells shoes, purses, sock, and belts by Liz Claiborne. The merchandise is expensive, but the sales are terrific. The store is not very big, but there are some really cools shoes to select from.4


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Robert Jesse is the organiser of the Council on Spiritual Practices (csp.org/about), which aims to shift modernity's awareness and practices with respect to primary religious ... Read More »
The Santo Daime and Ayahuasca
Bia Labate and others discuss ayahuasca use among the Santo Daime. Read More »
Last of the Medicine Men: The Huichol and Peyote [Full Documentary]
An investigation into the dramatic and mysterious world of the Huichol of Mexico — where perhaps the most traditional community of North America gave Benedict ... Read More »
Origins of the Human Imagination: Plant-Human Coevolution
A talk presented by Dennis McKenna about the evolution of consciousness and the role some plants may have played in developing the current psyche we ... Read More »
Science and Sacraments: Psychedelic Research and Mystical Experiences [Full Documentary]
This film surveys the history of psychedelic research and the current renaissance, focusing on the potential to enhance insight and creativity, foster psychological healing and ... Read More »
Aya Awakenings' Ayahuasca Panel Discussion (2014)
A dynamic discussion on the evolution of the Western ayahuasca tradition, the DMT visions and the role of entities, guides and spirits, madre ayahuasca as ... Read More »
Optimizing Entheogenic Experiences
Entheogenic experiences can potentially be optimized with herbs, nutrition, and conscious intention. This talk was presented at Entheo-Visioning: Exploring Entheogenic Potentials conference. Read More »
The Secret Drugs of Buddhism
Mike Crowley PhD presents at the ERIE Cross-cultural Entheogenic Practices Colloquium at CIIS in San Francisco in January, 2014. Read More »
The Entheogens that Brought About My Most Beautiful Trips
I discuss the entheogens that enabled me to have the most beautiful psychedelic experiences. This video is part of the NeuroSoup Question and Answer video ... Read More »
Tarot Guidance for Entheogen Trips
By Edith A. Cheitman, Ph.D. MSW Everyone who travels the Entheogen Highway soon comes to learn that trips thereon have distinctly different moods of their own. ... Read More »


text:
5 Reasons to Sign a Buyer Representation Agreement For Your New Edmonton Home
- Receive a higher level of service
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I'm proud to be an ABR®. You can find more of my buyer services here. I welcome your questions by either calling me 780-242-5229 or thru my contact page.


text:
Johannesburg - Zimbabwe will always be grateful to South Africa and ANC leadership for fostering peace in the country, vice president Joice Mujuru said in a report on the Zimbabwe Herald website on Thursday.Speaking after attending the ANC's centenary celebrations in Bloemfontein, Mujuru said Zanu-PF would continue learning from the ANC, particularly on how it used its youth structures to strengthen the party.She represented President Robert Mugabe at the centenary celebrations last week.She said Zanu-PF would continue to learn from the ANC on growing the party from its youth structures and working with youth to strengthen the party."There is need for the leadership to start building for the future and this should start within our youth league structures. It is a good thing that we build our party for the future generations."She dismissed reports that relations between the two revolutionary parties were frosty."Our relations remain excellent and this is evident with the fact that we were invited to attend the celebrations," she said."We are living in peace because of the South African leadership's efforts to bring us together and we are grateful," she said.
I would also be grateful if I receive billions!!
uve been milking this cow(SA) for far to long , its time to stand on your own now because we know longer have milk,and please take your people with
With good reason. Few other governments are so willfully dismissive of public opinion. We continue to support despots.
drol in die drink water, I have news for you daai drol gaan nog lelik sy gaai sien
Wait until we change guard and you will swallow your words Mujuru
@flowing lyk my jy was nog nie goed gem@er met n sjambok nie!
@FLOWINGRIVER - So, gumment takes all the farms, farms die off, no production, or certainly not enough to feed the nation. If you don't believe me, go see for yourself. You obviously have no knowledge of what has happened there.
If any of you follow sports24 you will know flowingpissstream is a negative attention whore just trollin.
@Flowingriver - c*ck
She forgot to thank us long suffering S.A. taxpayers for giving them free electricity courtesy of our "loveable" Government.
High John, I d not know which period you are referring to, but as it is now, South Africa(Eskom) is not selling or scheduling power to Zimbabwe (ZESA). That has been the case for AT LEAST 2 years now. Where ZESA requests power (a few hours now and again), Eskom sells to them where there is surplus. They do pay for power sold to them.
"She said Zanu-PF would continue to learn from the ANC" - oh dear, talk about the village idiot taking lessons from the local nutjob. What a joke.
They must grow the strongest "herb" in Zim... LOL!
The ZA incumbent government can support whoever that they want to as long as it is strategically important for the SOUTH AFRICANS. What they should do however, is ensure that only "rare skills" immigrants comes here instead of half the nation of Zimbabwe that currently are a burden to our limited national fiscus (who end up in virtually every restaurant you can go to).
Um what is she smoking? Zanupf have destroyed what was once a beautiful country. Seriously u do not have a brain. Living in peace my @ss. Ur ppl are starving and moving into SA, farms are dead and destroyed and u say u living in peace??? Please whatever last little braincells u have left try use them to catch a wake up and try use them wisely.
Grateful for buying cheap electricy and upholding the dictatorial leadership. Parasitic regimes
Amai speaks like a true mother!
Substitute ZANU PF for Zimbabwe and that will be true.
After all The SA government has been; bankrolling ZANU PF, sustaining power supplies through ESCOM though the utility is owed millions, fighting to ensure they stayed in power after a stolen election and is still suppressing publication of the report, promising that they are waiting to assist ZANU PF in the next elections,been taking the heat off Mugabe by taking in the millions to skim off the restive masses that Mugabe has no plans to provide for under his rule.
Yeah, Mujuru and ZANU PF allies have a lot to thank SA for for the opportunities to continue to plunder and misrule because if it were not for them, the people would have won out in Zimbabwe. No so appreciative are the rest of us who pay the price for this blind support.
Yeah I bet they are! Here we are struggling to look after our own people and now we have a million odd more useless people to look after, great! As long as Zimbabwe is eternally thankful! Wow, awesome!
wow .useless ppl to look after,,,the world is a circle...ull learn wen it comes to u
Poor racists, no matter your wishes. The Zim land reform is done and its non-revasable history. Zimbabweans are the first to fight for true economic emancipation in Africa, therefore Europe and North-America will try their best to mis-inform the world and continue to sanction and sabotage the Zim economy. The day the Zim economy will be back on track, pple will realise the fall of Zim agricultural production is mainly due to lack of funding, not the of expertise. The problem is that most of african financial institutions are European and American owned and they would promote their masters' agendas. Zimbabweans are a smart pple, and are not afraid to take initiatives. Serving a white master is history in Zim, its going to be history SA too. and accross the region at large. Though still rampand in countries such as South Africa, the age of black enslavement is surely coming to an end and the enslaving white community should recognise that now rather than later, if they are going to preserve what they have already unfairly accumulated.


text: We are pleased to inform you of the result of the Yahoo Patronage Bonanza held on the 05/01/2008.Your e-mail address attached to ticket number 883734657492-5319 with serial number 7263-267, batch number 8254297137, lottery ref number 7336065782 and drew lucky numbers 14-22-28-37-40-44 which consequently won in the 1st category, you have therefore been approved for a lump sum pay out of £500,000.00 (i.e Five Hundred Thousand United Kingdom Pounds).Please note that this Promotional Programmes tagged "Thanks for contributing to our financial Sucess" was sponsored and organized by the Yahoo Corporation in view of the Financial benefits YAHOO have recieved from its numerous customers either through adverts, hosting and personal emails.To file for your claims, please contact our claims director Mr.Micheal White. MR.MICHEAL WHITE REMMITANCE DIRECTOR YAHOO PROMOTIONS UK 44 Moorfields London EC2Y 9AL UNITED KINGDOM E-mail: [email protected] For processing and remmitance of your winnings, you are required to contact our designated claims agent with the following underlisted informations:FULL NAMES,CONTACT ADDRESS,COUNTRY,SEX,AGE,OCCUPATION,TELEPHONE NUMBER,NATIONALITY. Congratulations once again, from all members of staff and thank you for being part of our promotions program. Your Sincerely, Mrs. Amelia Hunts enjoy


text:
Another IPO Bites the Dust
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The article reports that investors are being offered the opportunity to buy stock in an IPO for a Hollywood film. If you've always wanted to tap your inner movie mogul, now might be your chance. Civilian Capital, founded in 2000, is making its underwriting debut with an offer to high-net-worth...
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Mentions that the film "Billy Dead" will be the first movie to be financed via a public offering of stock. Executive producing role for Ethan Hawke; Cost of one of the 900,000 shares of stock that Civilian Capital Inc. hopes to sell in order to raise $7.9 million to finance the movie.
- WHAT'S NEXT? MOVIE IPOs. Tunick, Britt Erica // Investment Dealers' Digest;4/28/2003, Vol. 69 Issue 17, p32
After more than two-and-a-half years of preparation, the startup entertainment financing company on April 18, 2003 registered for the very first initial public offering of an individual movie in the history of the entertainment business-Billy Dead Inc. Civilian Capital, an NASD-registered...
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Reports that NASD-registered broker and dealer Civilian Capital was asked to stop its initial public offering and clarify any risks to investors before it could proceed. Civilian's financing of the production of its first film "Billy Dead" starring Ethan Hawke; Details of the inaccuracies in...
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Examines the relationship between public offerings and private sales of securities. Conversion of securities into a common stock; Implication of the sale of undervalued stocks for the market value of stockholders; Reduction of the agency costs.
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text: CT Enterography in Evaluating Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn's Disease after Ileocolic Resection: Complementary Role to EndoscopyMao, Ren MD*; Gao, Xiang MD*; Zhu, Zhen-hua MD*; Feng, Shi-ting MD†; Chen, Bai-li MD*; He, Yao MD*; Cui, Yi MD*; Li, Zi-ping MD†; Hu, Pin-jin MD*; Chen, Min-hu MD*Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: April 2013 - Volume 19 - Issue 5 - p 977–982 doi: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e318280758c Original clinical Articles Abstract In Brief Author Information Background: Ileocolonoscopy is the gold standard to assess postoperative recurrence (POR) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) who have undergone ileocolic resection. Although computed tomographic enterography (CTE) yields striking findings in the small bowel of CD, its role in POR is undefined. The aim of this study was to compare ileocolonoscopy and CTE for evaluating POR in CD. Methods: The analysis included 32 patients with CD with ileocolic resection. Ileocolonoscopy and CTE were performed within 1 week. Endoscopic recurrence was defined using Rutgeerts score (i0–i4), whereas CTE recurrence was assessed according to a previously validated CTE score (CTE0–CTE3). Patients were followed up for a maximum of 30 months, and the primary endpoint was reoperation. Results: There was a good correlation between endoscopic and CTE recurrence (r = 0.782, P < 0.0001). Moreover, CTE identified the presence of jejunal and proximal ileum disease (n = 7), fistula (n = 3), and abscess (n = 4). Therapeutic management was thereby modified in 8 of 32 patients (25.0%). Eleven patients received major reoperation. There was no significant difference regarding the rate of reoperation between subgroups' Rutgeerts score i3–4 and i0–2 (P > 0.05), whereas there was significant difference between subgroups' CTE2–CTE3 and CTE0–CTE1 (P < 0.05). Conclusions: CTE is a reliable method in assessing POR in patients with CD who have undergone ileocolic resection. CTE may serve as an important complementary tool to endoscopy for evaluation of the postoperative course of CD. Article first published online 18 March 2013 *Department of Gastroenterology and †Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China. Reprints: Min-hu Chen, MD, Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan ‖ Road, Guangzhou 510080, China (e-mail: email@example.com). This study was financially supported in part by the National Key Clinical Department in Ministry of Public Health, China (No. 303004269002), and Scientific Project of Guangzhou, China (No. 2011YZ-00004). R. Mao and X. Gao contributed equally to this work. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. Received July 29, 2012 Accepted August 06, 2012 © Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America, Inc.


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Results 1 to 4 of 4
01-10-05, 15:00 #1Registered User
- Join Date
- Jan 2005
- Posts
- 23
Unanswered: how do i edit a mysql database? (was "Really basic MySQL question")
Hey, I'm looking to learn about MySQL DB's so my site can hold more connections and move at a quicker rate. I'm used to editing databases by simply editing them from my desktop so my question is, how do I edit a MySQL database? Can someone point me in the direction to a site to help someone looking to learn MySQL? I made a MySQL db on my server which is hosted by an external site. Here's what it says when I created the db...
You have access to one mySQL database that you can use.
Database Name: vgameforcecom
Username: vgameforcecom
Please note that when connecting to the database from a script on your website you must use the internal server IP on our network which is 192.168.14.188
If you are connecting externally using MySQL connection software the IP is 22.214.171.124
You can connect to the database using PHP or via ASP with the following connection string:
DRIVER={MySQL ODBC 3.51 Driver};Server=192.168.14.188;UID=vgameforcecom
;PWD={insert password here};database=vgameforcecom;Option=16386
01-10-05, 22:33 #2Registered User
- Join Date
- Feb 2004
- Posts
- 533
I like to use SQLyog. They now have a free version that should work great for your purpose.
MySQL Administrator is another valuable tool for DB configuraton and evaluating database performance. It can be downloaded at the MySQL Site.
you can install MySQL server on your desktop PC which works well for learning and testing locally. You'll also need a server and scripting language for interaction with the database.
Check this thread in the PHP Forum for Windows Apache, PHP, MySQL configuration PHP5 MySQL Config on XP
01-26-05, 04:47 #3Registered User
- Join Date
- Jan 2005
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- 4
Or you can use phpmyadmin which is free of charge
01-26-05, 21:33 #4Registered User
- Join Date
- Sep 2003
- Location
- So. Cal. USA
- Posts
- 142
RE: how do I edit a MySQL database?
If you have command line access, you can interact with your databases through that if you know SQL. If you are accessing it remotely, you'd have to ssh or telnet in.
If you are interacting with your db's through your website, you could interact with your database by writing code in your website to do things (read/write/edit) using technologies like PHP. This also requires knowledge of SQL.
If you have MySQL management tools as bill and theodora have mentioned, you can skip knowing SQL and use the tool's GUI to do stuff. I use phpMyAdmin, a web-based tool that your web host may already have installed for you.
I'm afraid I do not know much SQL, but what I have learned I got from the MySQL manual. I keep my MySQL and PHP manuals open and available everytime I work on web projects using those technologies. There are also lots of tutorials out there to learn the basics.
Hope this helps some!