text: Hey guys, I did a quick search and didn't see what I was looking for, so I was hoping someone could enlighten me. I've been waiting for a good Android phone for some time now, and it's starting to look we're only a month away from 1 or 2 big releases. So here's what I need to know. I spend a lot of time in my car every day. I'm looking to use the Android phone as a full blown phone/gps/media center. I'd like to mount the phone in the car, fire up some MP3's, get my Google GPS going, and then make phone calls while this is all happening with everything working together. So when a call is placed or received, the MP3 should instantly pause, the GPS should continue to work as normal and then the MP3 should return to playing where it left off when the call ends. To me this sounds so basic, but I've learned that things aren't always this simple. My two big concerns are the phones ability to multitask and Verizon's network being able to handle voice/data at the same time. I really need to stay with Verizon as AT&T coverage is horrible for phone calls for me. So basically, can a Verizon Android phone be a true All in One device? Thanks for any input.


text:
February is the shortest month of the year. But this month's Ink Drop Reveal, Love is in the Words, can help it be the most memorable.
Sure, Valentine's Day may be over. But that vase full of flowers is still sitting pretty — just as long as you remember to change the water. There are still a few mystery chocolates left in that Whitman's Sampler. And if you join join the Ink Drop club by the end of the month, you'll get these colors to help the most romantic of holidays linger over to March.
Here are the inks for Love is in the Words:
- Caran d'Ache Divine Pink
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- Diamine Syrah
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Remember: members get 10% off the bottles of all of these colors, plus other deals, on the Ink Drop Members Page. If you're logged in as a current member, you can place these items in your cart and see the discounted prices as you proceed through checkout.
If you have any questions about Ink Drop, please post in the comments below or email us at email@example.com and we'd be happy to help!

subset: commoncrawl


text: if someone can give me a idea about what to do or how to fix this without losing all the info stored on my pc i would be really gratefull. booted pc up and got blue screen with a error code or 0x000000be pc will boot up in safe mode and after some searching i ran verifier.exe as google said it was a driver problem. after a restart blue screen came back but with error code 0x000000d6 running verifier.exe does not fix the problem this time. if anyone can give me an idea or at least point me in the right direction i would apreciate it. p.s i downloaded a program that was supposed to test my drivers to see any errors but in safe mode i cant run it. thanks


text:
Minster FM News
Malton Police Seek Shoplifting Suspects
11:05am 14th November 2013
Police investigating an incident of shoplifting in the town have released images of two women they need to trace.
They were caught on CCTV in the Lloyds Pharmacy, in the Market Place, at 1.15pm on Saturday 9 November 2013.
Police say it is believed that they picked up aftershave, hair dye, shower gel and a hot water bottle before leaving the store without paying for the goods.
The first woman is described by police as being white, around 60 years old with a short stocky build and short grey hair. She was wearing a grey poncho and carrying a large white holdall.
They add that the second woman is white, around 50 years old, with a large build and short dark hair. She was wearing a grey top, blue scarf and glasses.
PC Anna Rees, of Malton Safer Neighbourhood Team, said: "If you are either of the women caught on camera and you were not involved with this theft, I urge you to come forward straight away so that I can eliminate you from my enquiries.
"I am keen to speak to anyone who recognises either of the women and ask them to get in touch as soon as possible."
Anyone who can help officers to progress this investigation should contact Malton police on 101, select option 2 and ask for Anna Rees. Alternatively, information can be emailed to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Or call Crimestoppers anonymously on 0800 555111, quoting reference number 12130194749.


text:
Ready for another gorgeous real wedding?! This week we're going back to John and Sandra's wedding in October at one of our favorite venues at which to perform, The Belvedere! This couple was such a joy to work with and we loved looking back on the photos from their big day shot by Love Life Images. Here are just a few of our favorites!
Venue: The Belvedere
Photographer: Love Life Images
Florist: Blue Diamond Events
Ceremony Officiant: Spiritual Ceremonies, Rev. Jesus Rivera
Hair+Makeup: Whitney Dorielan


text:
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Our new Quick Audience feature is a revolutionary way to collect survey responses quickly! Click here to watch a short video and learn more: Link


text:
Help me with Marketing
Orçamento ₹600-1500 INR
gift shop in kulpahar main market
8 freelancers estão ofertando em média ₹2962 para este trabalho
Hi I am independent SEO expert offer a refreshingly transparent and strategic approach to online success through SEO. please check my SEO portfolio : - [url removed, login to view] Vijay Relevant Skills and Experience H Mais
hi, I can help you in internet marketing at lower price as I have good command in this, also if required I can build your website and mobile app at lower price.
. Relevant Skills and Experience . Proposed Milestones ₹1300 INR - 1300
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text:
Pride and Prejudice 1995
Pride and Prejudice is a six-episode 1995 British television drama, adapted by Andrew Davies from Jane Austen's 1813 novel of the same name. Jennifer Ehle and Colin Firth starred as Elizabeth Bennet and Mr Darcy. Critically acclaimed and a popular success, Pride and Prejudice was honoured with several awards, including a BAFTA Television Award for Jennifer Ehle for "Best Actress" and an Emmy for "Outstanding Individual Achievement in Costume Design for a Miniseries or a Special". The role of Mr Darcy elevated Colin Firth to stardom. A scene showing Firth in a wet shirt was recognized as "one of the … Read more


text:
|06 Aug 2011
Win 7 Home Premium 64 update problem
After downloading SP1 for Windows 7 64, it is sitting on the "Preparing to configure Windows... Do not turn off your computer" screen for 45 minutes. Anybody have any ideas why or suggestions?
|My System Specs
|06 Aug 2011
My first guess is your security apps may be interfering with the update process I would have disabled them before starting, though you may still be able to do so now.
|My System Specs
|06 Aug 2011
It finally just got off of that screen and rebooted after just over an hour and unfortunately it was at a screen where I wasn't able to do anything (just the blue background and the spinning circle). Kind of frustrating that it took so long, but at least it's off that screen! Thanks for your help.
|My System Specs
|06 Aug 2011
There are some tutorials on preparing for sp1 update so it goes smoothly here.
Unfortunately you are already past the point where they would help.
Just be patient.
|My System Specs
|06 Aug 2011
Win 7 Ultimate 64-bit. SP1.
The downloading, installing & configuring of SP1 Win 7 has been noted to take anywhere from 1 hour to over 6 hours.
A Tech Staff Member / Moderator I know at another Forum wrote -
Well, after 6 1/2 hours to install etc what was supposed to be 87MB I finally have SP1 installed. I was sure I was going to have a bunch of broken software after that...........
|My System Specs
|06 Aug 2011
This is true, despite me doing everything I could to prepare it my machine in the front room took roughly 4 hours to run the whole process.
Strangely on this one I don't seem to remember it taking more than about 15 or 20 minutes.
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Update ver from Home Premium to Ultimate ?
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Hi, I am running Windows 7 Home Premium x64 and I have been having problems updating my Windows. Every time I shut down, Windows would spend 15 minutes or so trying to update only to have it fail. I have followed the instructions on the posting guideline and have attached the relevant data...
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Hi Guys, I've installed windows 7 build 7048 on a computer a couple of months ago. And now I've bought an upgrade version of windows 7 home premium. I've got a vista home premium licence as well. Is there any way I can update the computer without having to reinstall windows? Greets, Milan
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Mar 6, 2001
|Filing date
|Feb 22, 1997
|Priority date
|Mar 2, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Meinolf Blawat, Carsten Herpel
|Original Assignee
|Deutsche Thomson-Brandt Gmbh
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (23), Classifications (41), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a method and to an apparatus for encoding and decoding digital video data for and from, respectively, storage media having a given data storage capacity.
ISO/IEC 13818 "Information Technology—Generic coding of moving pictures and associated audio information: Video" (MPEG2) discloses an International standard concerning coded digital video and audio data streams. Due to varying picture content the generated amount of code varies over time. However, in case of fixed channel capacity normally a constant bit rate (CBR) MPEG encoder control is desired which can be achieved by using an encoder buffer at transmission side and a decoder buffer at receiver side which is explained in more detail in annexes C and D.4 of said International standard. The other mode is variable bit rate (VBR) coding.
If there is any digital storage medium like DVD (digital video disc) which is capable of variable bit rate operation it might be possible to improve the coding quality by using variable bit rate coding instead of constant bit rate coding.
It is one object of the invention to disclose a method of variable bit rate encoding for a fixed-capacity storage medium in which the coding quality is basically improved compared to that of constant bit rate encoding.
It is a further object of the invention to disclose a method of variable bit rate decoding from a fixed-capacity storage medium in which the decoding quality is basically improved compared to that of constant bit rate decoding.
It is a further object of the invention to disclose an encoding and a decoding apparatus which utilises the inventive encoding and decoding method, respectively.
It is a further object of the invention to disclose a digital video signal which is encoded or decoded according to the inventive method.
"Constant bit rate" shall mean a constant number of bits output to the channel (or e.g. the Systems multiplexer) in each field period (2 Oms in a 50 Hz TV signal), while "variable bit rate" shall cover all other bit delivery schedules. In a CBR environment the kernel MPEG encoder circuit is followed by a buffer of a certain size. This buffer is used to smooth the inherently variable bit rate output of the kernel MPEG encoder. The video buffering verifier VBV is a concept used in encoder control that gives an upper bound for the usable encoder buffer size as well as the minimum buffer size needed by a decoder to decode all bit streams compliant to this profiles @ levels (P@L). For all defined profiles @ levels maximum VBV_buffer_size values are specified in clause 8 of ISO/IEC 13818-2. Smaller values are also allowed and can be signalled in each bitstream by the VBV_buffer_size element. In a variable bit rate application there is no urgent need to use the encoder buffer to smooth the bit rate, however, it might still be useful to retain the buffer, as will become evident below. So the change is that the channel bit rate is variable now.
In both, CBR and VBR applications, the MPEG encoder and the MPEG decoder operate by using the well-known hybrid DPCM/DCT structures.
The bit rate control goals for applications using storage devices with the capability to process a variable bit rate data stream differ from the CBR case. It can now be desirable to:
maintain uniform quality over time;
maximise storage time on a medium of a given capacity.
Therefore the encoder control strategy needs to be adapted to this situation.
To ease understanding the encoder control for the CBR case shall be reviewed first.
The conventional encoder control strategy consists of three steps or control levels:
1) bit allocation (global control):
The allocation of bits to the different coded frame types (I, P, B frames) is determined according to their relative complexity Xi, Xp, Xb. The goal is to equalise the subjective quality of the frame types. In the following feedback implementation, which does not carry out any pre-analysis, it is assumed that video scenes are sufficiently stationary for some time, so that information from the past frames can be used for the bit allocation to the coming frame or field, depending on the coding structure. In the remainder of the specification, "frame" may generally denote a frame or a field or any other section of a GOP which is greater than a unit (to be defined below).
The complexity can be estimated by any criterion reflecting the relative coding cost for I, P, and B frames at a given image quality. However, it should be considered whether the necessary measurements can be obtained without too much burden on the encoder complexity.
First the "image quality" should be measured. However, it is well known that no commonly agreed, sufficiently simple, objective measure exists. Therefore, usually the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the reconstructed frame is taken as an approximation to image quality. In the context of an MPEG encoder control even this measure is somewhat costly as it involves computation of SNR for each encoded frame. Therefore the average quantiser step size (Qi, Qp, Qb) used to code a frame is taken as a quality indicator instead.
Now, having defined a measure for "quality", the "complexity" of a frame can be expressed as the product of bits generated and the quantiser step size used. In other words: a frame is complex to code if it produces many bits even if the quantiser step size is coarse. This product is formed for each unit m (e.g. macroblock or block or slice or any section which is smaller than a frame) and then summed over the frame:
wherein bm is the number of bits for coding unit m, qm is the average quantiser step size used in unit m, and c=i, p or b is the coding type.
At the beginning of each Group Of Pictures GOP the bit budget BG(g) available for the current GOP g, considering also a carry BG(g−1) from the previous GOP, is
For each frame n in the current GOP, a target number of bits Tc, depending on its coding type c, is determined according to the computed complexity and the remaining number of frames of each coding type (Ni, Np, Nb) within the current GOP.
Considering the remaining bits BF(n) after coding frame n−1 of the GOP, the following formula can be used:
The factors Kc are used to reflect different visual importance of frame coding types, typically Ki=Kp=1 and Kb<1.
The complexity computation according to equations (1a) and (1b) is normally updated after each frame, using data from the most recent I, P and B frames, to ensure a reasonable response to scene changes. The bit budget
for the remaining frames of the GOP, after subtracting the number of bits Εbm used for the current frame, is re-distributed using formula (3) with Ni, Np, Nb set to the remaining number of frames of each type.
After coding the last frame N of the GOP, the remaining bits BG(g)=BF(N) are carried to the next GOP g+1.
It is also possible to explicitly allow a non-constant amount of bits per GOP, keeping only the long-time average bit rate constant. Practically this can be implemented by re-filling the bit budget BF(n) after each frame using
instead of re-filling the budget only at the start of a GOP using equation (2). This budget will then always be distributed according to the number of I, P and B frames in a GOP, rather than only on the remaining frames in the current GOP. The effect of this change in case of a scene change in the middle of a GOP is that a scene change P frame might obtain more bits which improves its quality. However, due to VBV fullness and/or the reduced bit budget, most probably the next regular I frame will not get as many bits as it should, hereby decreasing the quality of the whole next GOP. Therefore, preferably, the "constant bit budget per GOP" notion is used for CBR applications.
A minimum bit budget is needed for each frame to be able to encode at least the overhead information. This is most important for B frames that tend to be least complex, therefore getting allocated very few bits. CBR rate control may use fixed minimum bit budgets, however, an estimation of the necessary overhead bit budget could also be made based on the past frames.
The maximum number of bits that can be allocated to a frame (usually an I frame) is bound by the status of the VBV. No more than VBV_buffer_size bits can be consumed by a single frame, given an initially empty encoder buffer.
2) buffer control (local control):
For each individual frame the bit production is controlled to be within some range of the allocated target number of bits, using a virtual buffer concept, that corresponds to a P-controller in control theory. This is depicted in FIG. 5. The virtual buffer VBUc is filled from the difference em between the bits bm generated by each unit (macroblock) in the MPEG2 encoder MEN, and from the portion of the target for this unit, tm=Tc/M, where M is the number of units per frame. Independent virtual buffers VBUc with a possibly different size Vco are used for each frame coding type c=i, p, b, since difficulties in matching the target for one frame type should not propagate to other frame types. The status dm of the virtual buffer VBUc at the end of a frame is propagated as do to the next frame of the same coding type:
For each unit m a quantiser step size qm is computed in calculating means QC from the fullness of this virtual buffer dm relative to its size Vco.
The so-called "non-linear quantiser" table, see table 7-6 in ISO/IEC 13818-2, (which does not refer to non-linear quantisation) is used to obtain a sufficiently progressive non-linear mapping of the available 31 codewords for quantiser_scale_code to actual quantiser step sizes qm. quantiser_scale_code can be simply set to 32 * dm/Vco. The very coarse quantisation available with this table can be used to deal with "panic" situations when the buffer is close to full. The size of the virtual buffer, Vco, which in control theory is called "reaction" parameter of the P-controller, determines the tightness of control. It can be made very large (even larger than the VBV) if it is acceptable that the number of bits generated deviates much from the target.
A large virtual buffer can be used, e.g., for P frames, since it is not known a priori whether a scene change will occur in the current GOP. In case of scene change the bit production can be unpredictably high. However, this will result in impaired quality only in such cases where the virtual buffer is filled to such extend that the quantiser step size is drastically increased.
Advantageously, the reaction to an unpredicted high bit production is delayed as much as possible, while an unpredicted low bit production should result in immediate reduction of the quantiser step size. This can be realised by different reaction parameters Vco, Vdco, (i.e. virtual buffer size), which e.g. depend on the relation between the virtual buffer fullness dm when coding unit m and the initial fullness do at the start of a frame, using:
Vdco, which is the reaction when dm is going down, should be small compared to Vco. qm is derived again by a look-up in table 7-6 of ISO/IEC 13818-2.
The status of the VBV should be monitored in addition to the control based on the virtual buffers, especially if control is "loose", i.e. the virtual buffers are big. While the target for a frame as well as the target for a whole GOP may be exceeded, the VBV, representing the decoder physical buffer, may never under- or overflow.
Furthermore MPEG disallows frequent occurrence of units (macroblocks) that exceed a certain number of bits (ISO/IEC 13818-2, table 8-6). This has to be monitored and controlled as well.
3) content adaptive quantisation:
To reflect the varying local complexity of different parts of an image, a local complexity measure for each unit can be computed. Currently this is derived from the AC energy of the luminance blocks of the unit.
The complexity factor obtained is used to modify the previously computed quantiser step size to some extend, e.g. by a factor in the range 0.5 to 2.0. Only this final quantiser step size information (coded as quantiser_scale_code) is transmitted in the bitstream each time it is different from that for the previous unit (macroblock). The aim is to distribute bits in such a way that the subjective quality within the frame is homogenous. Alternative schemes exploiting the properties of the human visual system to that end can be applied here.
Preferably, control level 3) is disabled in case of coarse quantisation since otherwise no strict control of bit generation is possible.
Advantageously, if the bit allocation in level 1) is successful, level 2) should maintain a mostly constant virtual buffer status, i.e. a constant quantiser step size, throughout a frame.
However, the bit allocation can fail and/or the complexity can be distributed very inhomogeneously within the frame, so that in practice this will never be completely true.
Another reason for sub-optimum performance of the control scheme is the fact that the complexity values computed in step 1) are not constant for a given image, but they depend on the quantisation step size in a way that cannot easily be modelled. This is depicted in FIG. 6, showing the complexity X over quantiser step size Q for I frames of 12 different sequences. When coding natural picture sequences one can observe some degree of oscillation in bit allocation for subsequent P frames, although the scene was completely temporally homogeneous. Advantageously, this behaviour can be avoided if a complexity measure is used that is independent of the applied quantiser step size.
In VBR applications the following additional considerations must be made, beginning with the encoder and decoder buffers.
As mentioned above, physical buffers are advantageous even in the VBR case. The reason for this is the huge amount of bits produced by I frames compared to other frame types. When encoding standard TV pictures (CCIR 601 resolution) at a reasonable quality with CBR, e.g. at 5 Mbit/s, a typical instantaneous data rate for an I frame can be more than 15 Mbit/s, with "instantaneous data rate" defined as (bits generated by a frame)/(one frame period).
As long as the peak data rate of the storage device is below this value, a buffer is still necessary to be able to achieve higher quality with VBR than with CBR coding. The VBV_buffer_size of 1.75 Mbit for Main Profile @ Main Level will limit the peak instantaneous data rate to e.g. a more than sufficient 45 Mbit/s rate assuming an initially empty buffer. Advantageously, the VBR output of the encoder buffer and the VBR input of the decoder buffer can be modelled as leaky buckets. Data always leaks at the peak rate of the channel. It leaks out of the encoder buffer as long as data is present in it, while it leaks into the decoder buffer as long as it is not full.
For control purposes the physical buffer status can be monitored once per frame (field) period only. However, this means that a buffer portion of the size [(peak data rate)/(frame period)] is needed to cope with a possible unequal bit production during the frame period. This further limits the peak instantaneous data rate. Advantageously, buffer control on a unit by unit (macroblock by macroblock) basis can be used to avoid this situation.
A VBR control should reach the following goals:
As postulated at the beginning a VBR encoder control should be more targeted to equalising the quality over the whole duration of a recording on the storage medium. Especially, bits should not be spent unless an additional (visible) gain in quality can be expected. From the rate control point of view, two scenarios can be distinguished.
Scenario 1) Fit a maximum duration of video on a storage medium of given capacity:
A sufficient quality can be selected by the application designer by setting the quantiser step size from control step 2) to an appropriate value. The content adaptive quantisation of step 3) should still be done, since it addresses the subjective quality harmonisation within each frame. In fact, improvements in this area are possible if vision models are used that better reflect the artefact visibility by a human observer.
Rate control is now necessary only to avoid overflow of the encoder buffer. Underflow will not occur in a VBR application, since the variable channel data rate is allowed to be zero temporarily.
Scenario 1a) Guaranteed minimum duration of video:
Using a rate control as described in scenario 2) below, it would furthermore be possible to guarantee a minimum recording duration on the medium. Depending on the complexity of the video, the recording duration can also be higher than this minimum.
Scenario 2) Fit a video of given duration on a medium of given capacity:
Again, it is assumed that there is no a priori analysis of the complexity distribution throughout the video material. As long as there is no complexity measure available that is independent from the quantiser step size and that can be derived from variables that are readily available from a reasonably low cost encoder, control solutions to equalise the video quality throughout its duration have to use some heuristics and will not be optimum.
The basic idea for a VBR control approach is to have a very loose control with varying bit rate at the beginning, while control becomes tighter when the end of the capacity of the storage medium is approached or when the remaining duration of the picture material to be coded is such that a pre-selected minimum bit rate can not be guaranteed throughout this remaining duration.
It should be noted, however, that this approach privileges the beginning of a recording, that can now exhibit constant quality, while a constant rate with possibly lower quality is enforced toward the end.
Advantageously, this disadvantage can be remedied to some extent if the constant bit rate Re that is used toward the end of the recording is selected to be higher than the average bit rate Ravg for the whole recording. That average bit rate can be computed as
with B being the total storage medium capacity and T the video material duration.
Advantageously, this bit rate Re is chosen such that most video content at the end exhibits acceptable quality while the quality for the first part of the recording is still better than in case of CBR coding of the whole recording.
So, from the above, for each kind of recording the unknown variables are the quantiser step size at the start of the encoding and the constant bit rate Re toward the end. Unfortunately, it is not easily possible to find a suitable quantiser step size to start with, since without knowledge about the complexity of a video it is difficult to estimate its bit production at a given quantiser step size.
Furthermore, it is somewhat messy to build a control scheme that monitors the physical buffer fullness at all times and allows the transition from constant quantiser to constant rate operation. This transition depends on the amount of bits produced until a point in time t as well as on the duration that remains to be encoded. Early production of an unproportionately high amount of bits as well as a short remaining duration are indicators for the need of tight rate control.
Therefore, the following modified rate control scheme is proposed:
It is preferable to keep the bit rate controlled during the whole recording. By having a very loose control (=very big virtual buffers) and by removing the constant bit budget BG(g) per GOP at the beginning it is possible to allow rather large variations in instantaneous bit rate (i.e. a quasi-constant quantiser step size) so that at least scene changes and difficult scenes of a duration of a couple of seconds will benefit from this loose control.
For this purpose it is necessary to define the behaviour change of the rate control scheme over time.
First, reasonable values for the average bit rate at the beginning and at the end of the recording need to be defined. Taking Ravg as the average bit rate for this recording, computed as in equation (8), it is advantageous to have for instance:
considering that 0.95 times the average bit rate would in the worst case lead to a negligible loss if the whole picture sequence has a constant complexity over time, while 1.5 times the average bit rate at the end is sufficient to properly code most worst case picture content if it happens to occur just at the end.
Over the whole time (with a linear transition from Rstart to Rend) Ravg can be regarded as composed of
with the time periods τ1, τ2, and τ3 normalised to be
With the above assumptions it is necessary to select one more parameter. Setting τ3 to 0.01 reflects the fact, that precise control of the overall bit production can be re-established in a very short time. Given e.g. one hour video duration T this corresponds to τ3*T=36 seconds. τ3 can be regarded as an overall bit number adaptation period. Solving the equations (9a) to (10b) yields
With these figures loose control will occur during about 79% of the recording time while the transition phase takes about 20% of the total time. Other transition characteristics can be implemented that increase the percentage of time with loose control even more.
The time variant parameters of the rate control can now be described using
Other transition characteristics for α can be implemented between time instants Ε1 and τ2.
The bit rate used for step 1) of the rate control now is
The virtual buffer sizes Vco, c=i,p,b, are advantageously modified to be
For example, an increase in size of Vhuge=100 can be used. These huge virtual buffers corresponding to a very slow reaction are intentional for short time intervals of complex picture material. However, it is not desirable that a non-complex part of the video following a long complex part could now be coded with a very coarse quantiser step size. It is therefore necessary to use the above mentioned idea of a quicker reaction parameter in case the bit production (=the virtual buffer status) decreases more than predicted, i.e. falls below the target. This parameter, Vdc, might also be time variant according to
but as initial guess Vdhuge=1 is proposed, since during the whole duration a fast reaction is desirable in this case. Advantageously, the re-filling of the bit budget BF(n) is now carried out not only once per GOP. Refill per frame n:
Refill per GOP g:
Apart from the emptying of the encoder buffer and, hence, the VBV as a leaky bucket, as described before, these can be the only changes that need to be made to the CBR rate control as described in the first part of the specification.
In principle, the inventive method of encoding digital video data is suited for storage on memory or recording means having a given data storage capacity and allowing a variable instantaneous storage bit rate, whereby
for a first part of said storage capacity the data is encoded using a slightly less than average bit rate and a significantly more loose than average bit rate control;
for a second part of said storage capacity the data is encoded using a higher than average bit rate and a tight bit rate control.
In principle, the inventive method is suited for decoding digital video data stored on memory or recording means having a given data storage capacity and allowing a variable instantaneous reading bit rate into decoding buffer means, whereby
during a first part of said storage capacity the data is decoded using a slightly less than average decoder buffer means input bit rate and significantly higher than average allowable buffer filling level variations;
during a second part of said storage capacity the data is decoded using a higher than average decoder buffer means input bit rate and less than average allowable buffer filling level variations.
Advantageous additional embodiments of the inventive methods are resulting from the respective dependent claims.
In principle the inventive apparatus is suited for encoding digital video data for storage on memory or recording means having a given data storage capacity and allowing a variable instantaneous storage bit rate, using an encoding loop including discrete cosine transform means, quantiser means, inverse quantiser means, inverse discrete cosine transform means, picture store means, and entropy encoding means delivering the encoded output signal and being connected to the output of said quantiser means, wherein said quantiser means, said inverse quantiser means, and said entropy encoding means are controlled in the following way:
for a first part of said storage capacity the data is encoded using a slightly less than average bit rate and a significantly more loose than average bit rate control;
for a second part of said storage capacity the data is encoded using a higher than average bit rate and a tight bit rate control.
In principle the inventive apparatus is suited for decoding digital video data which are stored on memory or recording means having a given data storage capacity and allowing a variable instantaneous reading bit rate into decoding buffer means, using a chain of entropy decoding means, inverse quantiser means, inverse discrete cosine transform means, and adding means delivering the decoded output signal which is also fed to picture store means the output signal of which is provided to a second input of said adding means, wherein said decoding buffer means are controlled in the following way:
during a first part of said storage capacity the data is decoded using a slightly less than average decoder buffer means input bit rate and significantly higher than average allowable buffer filling level variations;
during a second part of said storage capacity the data is decoded using a higher than average decoder buffer means input bit rate and less than average allowable buffer filling level variations.
Advantageous additional embodiments of the inventive apparatuses are resulting from the respective dependent claims.
In principle, the inventive digital video signal is suited for storage on memory or recording means having a given data storage capacity and allowing a variable instantaneous storage bit rate, whereby
during a first part of said storage capacity the signal is encoded using a slightly less than average bit rate and a significantly more loose than average bit rate control;
during a second part of said storage capacity the signal is encoded using a higher than average bit rate and a tight bit rate control.
Preferably, the inventive digital video signal is an MPEG2 or MPEG1 or H261 encoded video signal.
The inventive storage medium, in particular an optical disc, contains or has recorded on it an inventive digital video signal.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show in:
FIG. 1 constant bit rate system;
FIG. 2 variable bit rate system;
FIG. 3 basic block diagram of MPEG encoder;
FIG. 4 basic block diagram of MPEG decoder;
FIG. 5 structure of a control loop;
FIG. 6 example functions for complexity over quantiser step size.
In a CBR and in a VBR application the MPEG2 encoder MENC produces variable bit rate data VBRD which is intermediately stored in the encoder buffer ENCB. The filling level of this buffer can be used to control the coding process in MENC. At receiver side variable bit rate data VBRD which is intermediately stored in the decoder buffer DECB are fed to an MPEG2 decoder MDEC. The reading of that data from DECB is controlled by MDEC.
In FIG. 1 the encoder buffer ENCB delivers a constant bit rate data stream CBR to the decoder buffer DECB. In FIG. 2, however, the encoder buffer ENCB delivers a variable bit rate data stream VBR to the decoder buffer DECB.
In FIG. 3 the encoder video data input signal IE includes macroblock data to be encoded. In case of intraframe data a subtractor SUB simply passes the data via discrete cosine transform computing means DCT and quantising means Q to entropy encoding means ECOD which may include ENCB and which deliver the encoder video data output signal OE.
In case of interframe data subtractor SUB subtracts predicted macroblock data PMD from the input signal and passes the difference data via discrete cosine transform computing means DCT and quantising means Q to entropy encoding means ECOD. The output signal of Q is also fed to inverse quantising means QE −1 the output signal of which passes through inverse discrete cosine transform computing means DCTE −1 to adder ADDE in the form of reconstructed macroblock difference data RMDD. The output signal of ADDE is intermediately stored in frame store and motion compensation means FS_MC_E which also perform motion compensation on reconstructed macroblock data and which deliver such predicted macroblock data PMD to SUB and to the other input of adder ADDE.
Quantising means Q, inverse quantising means QE −1, and ECOD are controlled by the filling level of encoder buffer ENCB in the inventive way described above. It is also possible that FS_MC_E does not perform motion compensation.
The variable bit rate output to the storage medium can be done using the maximum possible bit rate while there is data available from the encoder buffer, and can be suspended else.
In FIG. 4 the decoder video data input signal ID passes through entropy decoding means EDEC which may include DECB, inverse quantising means QD −1, and inverse discrete cosine transform computing means DCTD −1 to an adder ADDD which delivers the decoder video data output signal OD. The output signal of ADDD is fed to frame store and motion compensation means FS_MC_D which also perform motion compensation on reconstructed macroblock data and which in case of interframe macroblock data deliver such predicted macroblock data PMD to the other input of adder ADDE. In case of intraframe macroblock data the adder ADDD simply passes the output signal of DCTD −1.
Inverse quantising means QD −1 and EDEC are controlled according to the kind of control for QE −1 and ECOD. Normally, in motion compensation means FS_MC_D the same motion vector information is used as in motion compensation means FS_MC_E. It is also possible that FS_MC_D does not perform motion compensation.
In order to handle situations of high bit rate demand, e.g. in case of scene changes and complex scene content, the decoder buffer DECB is filled from the storage medium with preferably the maximum possible bit rate. This can be done generally in case DECB is not full whereby no data from the storage medium is stored into DECB if DECB is full. As an alternative, DECB can be filled with a bit rate which corresponds to the respective bit rate when storing data on the memory or recording means. In either case the reading bit rate out of DECB corresponds to that when encoding, i.e. the allowed and sometimes really occurring average buffer filling level variations are greater in the first part (≈80%) of the total capacity and are less in the last part (≈20%) of the total capacity. "Average allowable buffer filling level variations" means the variation over a length of some GOPs.
The invention can be used in any means like DVD, other optical or magneto-optical or ferro-optical discs, electronic or optical RAM or ROM, and magnetic tape systems which use a given capacity for storing video data.
The invention is not limited to MPEG2 encoders and decoders, but can also be used with MPEG1 (ISO/IEC 11172-2), H261 (ISO/IEC), and other coding and decoding methods in e.g. standard TV, HDTV, and videophone applications.
|Cited Patent
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|At&T Bell Laboratories
|Video signal encoding with bit rate control
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|U.S. Philips Corporation
|Methods and apparatus for encoding and decoding an audio and/or video signal, and a record carrier used therewith or produced therefrom
|Apr 29, 1998
|May 16, 2000
|Sony Corporation
|Method of and apparatus for data recording, method of and apparatus for data reproduction, recording medium, and method of and apparatus for data transmission
|Oct 26, 1993
|May 4, 1994
|Victor Company Of Japan, Limited
|Variable transfer rate control coding apparatus, reproducing apparatus and recording medium
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|Hitachi, Ltd.
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|Laboratoires D'electronique Philips S.A.S.
|Method of and apparatus for coding digital signals representing a sequence of images
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|Dec 30, 1998
|Dec 16, 2003
|Intel Corporation
|Establishing optimal latency in streaming data applications that use data packets
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|Mar 15, 2005
|Sony Corporation
|Coded data output device and method
|Sep 24, 2001
|Aug 2, 2005
|Mitsubishi Electric Research Labs, Inc.
|Transcoder for scalable multi-layer constant quality video bitstreams
|Aug 9, 1999
|Apr 4, 2006
|Sony Corporation
|Data multiplexing device, program distribution system, program transmission system, pay broadcast system, program transmission method, conditional access system, and data reception device
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|May 23, 2006
|Thomson Licensing
|Process and device for the video coding of high definition images
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|May 8, 2007
|Koninklijke Philips Electronics N. V.
|Video signal encoding and buffer management
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|Mar 11, 2008
|Sony Corporation
|Encoded data outputting apparatus and method
|Dec 30, 2003
|Mar 18, 2008
|Apple Inc.
|Robust multi-pass variable bit rate encoding
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|Jun 23, 2009
|Intel Corporation
|Establishing optimal latency in streaming data applications that use data packets
|Sep 15, 2006
|Aug 3, 2010
|Sony Corporation
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|Apple Inc.
|Method for implementing an improved quantizer in a multimedia compression and encoding system
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|Ambarella, Inc.
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|May 10, 2011
|Apple Inc.
|Method of implementing improved rate control for a multimedia compression and encoding system
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|Intel Corporation
|Establishing optimal latency in streaming data applications that use data packets
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|Apr 23, 2013
|Apple Inc.
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|Apple Inc.
|Method of implementing improved rate control for a multimedia compression and encoding system
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|Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc.
|Transcoder for scalable multi-layer constant quality video bitstreams
|Mar 10, 2005
|Sep 1, 2005
|Satoshi Miyazawa
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|Sep 21, 2006
|Limin Wang
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|Tatsuya Kubota
|Data multiplexing device, program distribution system, program transmission system, pay broadcast system, program transmission method, conditional access system, and data reception device
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|Xiaochun Nie
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|Graumann David L
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|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 18, 1998
Owner name: DEUTSCHE THOMSON-BRANDT GMBH, GERMANY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BLAWAT, MEINOLF;HERPEL, CARSTEN;REEL/FRAME:009539/0786
Effective date: 19980604
|Jul 27, 2004
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Aug 11, 2008
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Aug 7, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Buddha in a Traffic Jam is an autobiographical film based on it's writer & director Vivek Agnihotri's life. Based on true life incidents, it's treatment is that of a new age political drama with an unique chapter wise approach to relevant topics leading to its climax. The film is an initiative by one of the top Business schools of the world, Indian School of Business, Hyderabad and this is the first Indian film ever based and shot in a B school.Its ensemble cast comprises Arunoday Singh, Anupam Kher, Pallavi Joshi, Mahi Gill and Anchal Dwivedi.
- Arunoday Singh as Vikram Pandit
- Mahi Gill as Charu Siddhu
- Anupam Kher as Professor Ranjan Batki
- Pallavi Joshi as Sheetal Batki
- Vivek Vaswani
- Anchal Dwivedi
- Gopal K Singh as Naxal chief


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June 30, 2010 - Heart-healthy Diet
"The cardiologist's diet: If it tastes good ... spit it out."
June 29, 2010 - Late at Walmart
Charley, a new retiree greeter at Walmart, just couldn't seem to get to work on time.Every day he was 5, 10, 15 minutes late. But he was a good worker, really tidy, clean-shaven, sharp minded and a real credit to the company and obviously demonstrating their "Older Person Friendly" policies. One day the boss called him into the office for a talk. "Charley, I have to tell you, I like your work ethic, you do a bang up job, but your being late so often is quite bothersome.""Yes, I know boss, and I am working on it."''Well good, you are a team player. That's what I like to hear. It's odd though your coming in late. I know you're retired from the Armed Forces.What did they say if you came in late there?""They said, 'Good morning, General, can I get you coffee, sir?'"
June 28, 2010 - Heavenly Resemblance
My grandson was visiting one day when he asked, 'Grandma, do you know how you and God are alike?' I mentally polished my halo and I said, 'No, how are we alike?'' You're both old,' he replied.
June 25, 2010 - Looking Back
A grandmother was telling her little granddaughter what her own childhood was like: 'We used to skate outside on a pond. I had a swing made from a tire; it hung from a tree in our front yard. We rode our pony. We picked wild raspberries in the woods.' The little girl was wide-eyed, taking this all in. At last she said, 'I sure wish I'd gotten to know you sooner!'
June 24, 2010 - Doody Strategy
A little three-year-old boy is sitting on the toilet. His mother thinks he has been in there too long, so she goes in to see what's up.The little boy is sitting on the toilet reading a book. But about every 10 seconds or so he puts the book down, grips onto the toilet seat with his left hand and hits himself on top of the head with his right hand.His mother says, "Billy, are you all right? You've been in there for a while."Billy says, "I'm fine, Mommy. I just haven't gone doody yet."Mother says, "Okay, you can stay in there a few more minutes, but Billy, why are you hitting yourself on the head?"Billy says, "Works for ketchup!"
June 23, 2010 - Yard Sale
The only difference between a yard sale and a trash pickup is how close to the road the stuff is placed
June 22, 2010 - Rapture Warning
"Stay clear of those folks, Martha; if they get raptured, that car's gonna be all over the road."
June 21. 2010 - Rock Star Finder
The best way to find a screeching rock star is with a Heavy Metal Detector.
June 18, 2010 - Missed Delivery
Working at the post office, I'm used to dealing with a moody public. So, when one irate customer stormed my desk, I responded in my calmest voice, "What's the trouble?""I went out this morning," she began, "and when I came home, I found a card saying the mailman tried to deliver a package, but no one was home. I'll have you know, my husband was in all morning! He never heard a thing!"After apologizing, I got her parcel."Oh good!" she gushed. "We've been waiting for this for ages!""What is it?" I asked."My husband's new hearing aid."
June 17, 2010 - Investments
I put all my money into taxes; that's the only thing that's sure to go up.
June 16, 2010 - Eye Exam
Eye-examination charts vary according to the manufacturer, but one thing they have in common is that they don't spell anything.One day a patient came into my office for an ophthalmological exam. I asked him to read the 20/40 line of the eye chart, but obviously the letters FZBDE were mostly a blur to him. Finally he ventured a guess."I can't pronounce his name," the man said, "but I think he played football for Notre Dame."
June 15, 2010 - Baseball Class
A professor at the Michigan State University was known for giving boring, cliche-ridden lectures.At the beginning of one semester, an innovative class breathed new life into the course by assigning baseball plays to each hackneyed phrase.For example, when the professor said, "On the other hand," that counted as a base hit. "By the same token" was a strike out; "and so on" counted as a stolen base. Divided into two teams by the center aisle of the lecture hall, the students played inning after inning of silent but vigorous baseball.On the last day of class, the impossible happened: the score was tied and bases were loaded. Then the batter hit a home run! The winning team stood and cheered wildly.Though deeply appreciative, the professor later was quoted as wondering why only half of the students had been enthusiastic about his lectures.
June 14, 2010 - No Hidden Sins
A speeding motorist was caught by radar from a police helicopter in the sky.An officer pulled him over and began to issue a traffic ticket. "How did you know I was speeding?" the frustrated driver asked.The police officer pointed somberly toward the sky."You mean," asked the motorist, "that even He is against me?"
June 11, 2010 - Stationary
No matter how much you push the envelope, it'll still be stationary.
June 10, 2010 - Losing New Balls
Morris had been playing golf for years. He always used the very finest equipment, but his technique never improved a bit.His friend Sam watched as he teed up at the first hole and promptly drove a brand new ball into the woods. On the second hole, Morris drove another new ball into a lake. On the third, he lost a new ball in another part of the woods."Why don't you use an old ball?" Sam asked."I've never had an old ball," Morris said.
June 9, 2010 - Foundation
"A successful man is one who can lay a firm foundation with bricks others have thrown at him."
June 8, 2010 - Notary Public
Fellow employees at the international company where I work know I'm a notary public and have me certify personal documents.One day, two Swedish men asked me to witness signatures on an automobile title."I'm selling my car to this man," one of them explained. "We came here because we heard you were notorious."
June 7, 2010 - Sidewalk Preacher
A sidewalk preacher stood on a soapbox downtown and started a rousing sermon on salvation, ending with, "Brothers and Sisters, if you want to go to Heaven, come stand by me!"Half of those standing around joined the preacher, and he went on, raising his voice and fervor, again with the call, "Brothers and Sisters, if you want to go to Heaven, come stand with me!"Half of those left came over and the preacher continued, ending again with the call to Heaven. This time, all but one man came over."Brother!" the preacher called, "Don't you want to go to Heaven when you die?"The man said, "Oh sure, when I die. I thought you were taking a load up now!"
June 4, 2010 - Sleeping in Church
"It was once said that if you took all of the people who fell asleep in church and laid them end-to-end they would be more comfortable."
June 3, 2010 - Anyone Home?"
A social worker who had recently transferred from the big city to the mountains was touring her new territory. She came upon the tiniest cabin she had ever seen. Intrigued, she knocked on the door."Anybody home?"A child's voice answered, "Yep.""Is your father there?""Pa? Nope, he left before Ma came in.""Well, is your mother there?""Nope, Ma left just before I got here.""Are you never together as a family?""Sure, but not here. This is the outhouse!"
June 2, 2010 - Fads
The clerk in a shoe store was trying hard to persuade his customer that a pair of uncomfortable shoes fit her."I'm telling you, these shoes are too pointed and too narrow," argued the customer."But, madam," replied the salesman, "everyone is wearing narrow, pointed shoes this season.""That may be," countered the customer, "but I'm still wearing my last season's feet."
June 1, 2010 - CD Generation
After I bought my mother a compact-disc player and some CDs, she was excited to discover she no longer needed to rewind or fast-forward tapes or move the needle on her record player.Knowing she was not that technically astute, I called her a few days later to see how she was managing. "Fine. I listened to Shania Twain this morning," she said."The whole CD?" I asked.
"No," she replied, "just one side."
Good, Clean Jokes and Funny Stories
Good, Clean Jokes and Funny Stories
While the Bible isn't a joke book, it is obvious that humor played an important role in Hebrew culture. When drought hit Jacob's world he turned to his sons and said, "Why are you staring at one another...Go down [to Egypt] and buy some for us" (Gen 42:1-2). I also hear humor in some of Jesus' remarks, like when He renamed James and John the "sons of thunder" or when He said the Pharisees where like whitewashed tombs, full of dead men's bones (Matt 23). I think we need the picture of Jesus laughing and enjoying people. In fact, while Jesus indeed had many hard things to say, He was also full of emotion, joy and celebration. Even as He rebuked the Pharisees, we see a glimpse of His demeanor in ministry when He scolded them saying, "We played the flute for you, but you would not dance" (Matt 11). There was something very non-religious in Jesus that laughter, celebration and humor is part of. Hopefully, these jokes, stories and quips will help make your day more merry as you walk with the Lord Jesus through this world.


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There's no doubting the success of Thomas Rhett and now he's just been awarded a Platinum plaque for his latest release, "Tangled Up." In case you missed it, Thomas received the honor just before a recent show in Irvine, California.
"It's crazy to think about all the fans who are taking this journey with me and are helping make things like this happen," Thomas shares. "I've had an amazing year already, but finding out that the album went platinum is one of the coolest moments so far."
- ONE MORE THING! Considering the busy year Thomas has had, it's only natural that he finds a way to unwind when he can, and for Thomas that means spending time on the golf course. He says besides fishing and being in the woods, it's the one place where he doesn't think about music and can "just decompress for a little while."


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Fully Licensed & Bonded
**Please take note they are doing some refurbishment works in the Complex for this 2016. Sorry for the inconvenience caused by the Constructions Works**Consisting of 4 buildings (Mastines, Balmoral and 2 accommodation blocks of family rooms in the Balmoral gardens), the Calas de Mallorca Complex is the perfect option for enjoying a holiday with your family, partner or friends on the idyllic island of Mallorca.The Calas de Mallorca Complex provides spacious rooms equipped with a full bathroom, telephone, terrace, ceiling fan and fabulous views of the sea (with charge) or the gardens and complex. Each building has its own restaurant, lounge bar and pool bar (with the exception of the annex buildings in the gardens). There are also several pools for adults and children, television rooms and rooms equipped with giant satellite TV screens, large gardens and children?Eur?s play areas.IDEAL FOR ENJOYING WITH ALL THE FAMILYThe Calas de Mallorca Complex hasan exceptional location in Calas de Mallorca and isideal for a family holidayIts services and facilities are designed so that the kids have fun while the adults sit back and relax.DISCOVER THE ADVANTAGES OF OUR ALL INCLUSIVEThe Calas de Mallorca Complex offers All Inclusive accommodationYou won?Eur?t have to worry about a thing, just relax and have funBreakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks includedSome drinks or activities are not included in the All Inclusive package and have an extra charge. Check with reception.SERVICES24 hour reception24 hour security throughout the hotelInternet Corner (E - point) (*)WiFi internet in the public areas of the building (*)Medical services (on request) (*)Public telephone (*)Souvenir shop (*)Sunbeds and sunshades around the pools and in the gardensCar hire (*)Currency exchange (*)Bookings of excursionsAir conditioning in public areas, bars and restaurants3 lifts in each building with the exception of the annex buildings in the gardensVaried entertainment programme during the day and at nightFACILITIESLarge and bright hallsDifferent dining spaces: 2 restaurants, 2 pool bars and 2 lounge barsStage for shows (only at the Balmoral)Supermarket (9am to 9pm)Children?Eur?s play area(*) With charge Please note that some facilities may incur extra local charges.


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So I've always wanted to start a label that does reissues of older recordings and I finally decided to make the plunge. I picked a recording and managed to find the copyright holders and get everyone on board. In the past I've done a few vinyl pressings for bands that were active and playing shows. I usually gave them a percentage of the pressings (5 to 10 percent) for free, and then let them purchase any additional records at cost from me if they need more.
The problem is that I'm not exactly sure how to compensate for a reissue. The band would probably only want a handful of the represses for their personal collection. Do I offer them a set fee up front? If so how much? I'm planning on doing a small run (300-500) and selling them between 12-15 dollars.
Any insight would be greatly appreciated.


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- Bathroom
- Hairdryer
- Direct dial telephone
- Minibar
- Double bed
- Centrally regulated air conditioning
- Central heating
- Safe
Tre Archi
- Distance to center 0.0Km
- Distance to airport 20.0Km
- Free WiFi
- Low Deposit Options Available
- Interest FREE Payment Plans
Housed in a quaint 18-th century palace and enjoying an enviable setting directly in front of the charming Canale di Cannaregio in Venice, this elegant hotel grants quality and ... Continue reading
Housed in a quaint 18-th century palace and enjoying an enviable setting directly in front of the charming Canale di Cannaregio in Venice, this elegant hotel grants quality and convenience to all those wishing to explore this romantic and steeped in history city. This impressive property lies in attainable situation to the train station and only a 10-minute walk from the famous Rialto Bridge. The interior design boasts a rich Venetian style, featuring beautiful decorations, Murano chandeliers and neoclassical furnishings. The air-conditioned rooms are ample and generously filled with natural daylight, which along with cosy furniture and modern amenities afford visitors a truly enjoyable stay. On warm days visitors may enjoy their breakfast in the verdant and well-manicured garden and the reception and a snug hotel bar work around the clock.
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- 24hr Reception
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- Shared lounge/TV area
- Shoeshine
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- Ticket service
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Hotel address : Cannaregio 923, Venice, Venetian Riviera, Italy, 30121
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Good plan?
Ho Chi Minh City Travel Blog› entry 4 of 9 › view all entries
Planning a trip during 2011 new year with Laila wasn't easy to find a place we like with budget. We just wanted somewhere nice to relax. We thought about the beach in Thailand but for limited time that Laila can't take leave ( we had 4 days holiday but I wanted one week on the beach as 4 days are not enough) ... So our choices was 'fly to any place that's near Thailand or in Thailand).
But... maybe we concerned about time and money too much so our trip turned to be 'Vietnam' in almost a last minute when we found a flight to Hochimihn was only 3,000baht. (cheaper than go to Phuket, Chiangmai, Surat Thani at that time) After decided, Aoz, our old friend, asked us to join. No problem.
We were busy at work before a long holiday so we didn't have much time to learn about Hochimihn city. Some friends told us later that there's nothing to see much in Hochimihn, it's the city. On websites people share about Dalat, it's a Switzerland in Asia. we thought about that them booked another domestic flight from Hochimihn to Dalat with hope that this would be an awesome trip! Traveled on the hill!!!
Plan: Land in Hochimihn then take a plane to Dalat in the evening. Stay in Dalat Two days then back to Hochimihn to fly back home.
We hoped to had a good plan but .... sometimes a good plan couldn't help if we aren't in a right place.


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If you are going to construct property and also industrial building, among the most crucial attributes that you should consider is the production of your garage entrance.
The populace of automobiles on the roads is raising daily that is why there is a should individuals to develop a nice residence for their vehicles besides constructing a home for people. If you have a nice house, then it is also important that you go for the most effective garage that will match the appearance of your residence. Storage space garage must match the exterior of the house as well as it should additionally serve the demand of your automobile and also your residence. This type of door can be seen outside your residence that is why it is important to choose garage doorway that will certainly look great. The appearance and the quality of the door will certainly depend upon the materials that you are mosting likely to use for your garage door.
As you determine to set up auto port door, you should consider the products that was made use of for your door. Garage entrances for your garage could be made from large range of products such as aluminum, wood, composite as well as steel. When these products are use suitably for your garage door, it will surely look wonderful and also it will certainly be extremely functional. It can give once again improvement to your residence when you select the best product.
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When: July 11-12, 2017
Where: Dallas, TX
You can see for yourself why Dallas, TX, is the ideal location for ISSA/INTERCLEAN® North America 2018 during Discover Dallas, presented by ISSA and Visit Dallas. During this two-day summit, you'll not only experience first-hand all that Dallas has to offer, but you'll also have the opportunity to meet with key trade show partners, such as GES, Experient, onPeak, and Map Your Show to learn more about the services available for ISSA/INTERCLEAN North America.
To find out more about why Dallas is the perfect destination for the 2018 show, click here.
Registration Deadline: June 9, 2017.
Why Attend:
- Discover Dallas and become familiar with the Kay Bailey Hutchinson Convention Center
- Work one-on-one with ISSA staff and Trade Show partners to maximize your ROI
- Claim your hotel block before all other exhibitors and attendees have access
- Start your planning and budget process for 2018
- Explore promotional and sponsorships opportunities for 2017 and 2018 ISSA/INTERCLEAN
- Network with fellow exhibitors
- Learn how to increase efficiencies and save money. Trade Show partners in attendance
- GES - General Contractor
- Visit Dallas - Host City
- Experient - Registration & Lead Retrieval Provider
- OnPeak - Housing Provider
- Map Your Show - Online Directory Provider
- Audio Visual Provider
- Kay Bailey Hutchinson Convention Center - Utilities, Catering, and more...
- July 11, 2017
- 1:00 p.m. - 1:45 p.m.: Opening Session
- 2:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m.: Venue Tours and Trade Show partners Meetings
- 7:00 p.m. - 9:00 p.m.: Dinner & Networking provided by ISSA
- July 12, 2017
- 9:00 a.m. - 10:00 a.m.: Exhibitor Summit Breakfast provided by ISSA
- 10:00 a.m. - 12:00 p.m.: OPTIONAL Venue Tours and Trade Show partners Meetings *If no additional time is needed to meet with staff or partners, you may join us for breakfast before departing to the airport.
Hotel and Travel Details
ISSA has negotiated a discounted rate of US$109 at the Omni Dallas, conveniently connected to the convention center. Rooms must be reserved by June 1, 2017. All guest room charges are the responsibility of the exhibiting company.Book your hotel room online or call 1-800-THE-OMNI (843-6664) and mention the "ISSA/INTERCLEAN Exhibitor Meeting" to receive the discounted room rate.
ISSA will provide dinner on July 11, and breakfast on July 12. All other meals are the responsibility of the participating company.
Transportation, including airfare and taxi to and from the airport, are the responsibility of the participating company. Transportation to and from dinner on July 11 will be provided by ISSA.
Experience Dallas Like a Local
While in town, take advantage of all the city has to offer. From attractions to nightlife, Dallas has something for everyone. Resources, tools, and information about the city are housed in one convenient website to help you make the most of your time in the city!
2018 ISSA/INTERCLEAN North America
Dates: October 29- November 1, 2018
Exhibit Dates: October 30- November 1, 2018
Kay Bailey Hutchinson Convention Center, Dallas, TX, USA
Questions? Contact email@example.com
ISSA/INTERCLEAN events are brought to you by:


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Monthly Archives: June 2013
Microsoft's "Enterprise Agile" and Application Lifecycle Management
TFS 2013 will aim to suit "larger organizations" looking to manage projects using a variety of different approaches. Microsoft's Harry acknowledges that his firm's current tooling is focused on individual teams, but it relies upon reporting and project (and/or project server) integration to "roll it up" for larger organizations http://www.drdobbs.com/windows/enriched-alm-in-visual-studio-2013-and-t/240156139 Share This:
Don't Import Project using Project Professional 2013
Here is an informative article from the experts over at Project Server Experts about why you don't want to use MS Project 2013's import Project feature (as of June 2013). Avoid Using MS Project Professional 2013 Import Projects Feature I will follow up with any updates or service pack modifications as they become available. Share…
Project 2013 Step by Step ebook half off through June 7
Here's how to get 1/2 off the Project 2013 Step by Step book… "Our newest edition, Project 2013 Step by Step, is being featured in an ebook promotion by our publishing partner O'Reilly Media. You can get the ebook format of our book (and other titles from Microsoft Press) here: http://oreil.ly/19ujFwD Here's the essential fine…


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- TCP Congestion Control
- Installing Wireshark on Mac OS X (Yosemite)
- What are Rogue Access Points?
- Two Common Router Security Threats
- Modern Application Frameworks, Legacy Browsers and Security Implications
- What are Covert Channels?
- Mobile Considerations in Network Security Architecture
- Common Bluetooth Vulnerabilities to be Aware of
- Mitigating DoS or Distributed DoS (DDoS) attacks
- DNS Rebinding and Intrusion Detection with Contextual Signatures
Other than keeping older browsers up to date in order to cope with new application frameworks, security implications also must be considered. On January 2016, Microsoft stopped supporting legacy versions of Internet Explorer. This included versions 10 and below. They issued a statement warning that continuous use of Internet Explorer 10, 9 and 8 would leave individuals "at risk of viruses and other malicious software that exploit security flaws and bugs in browsers.". In January, FedTech also released an article regarding the use of older versions of Internet Explorer being used by government workers and users of Federal websites. Their article warned of the increase in potential vulnerabilities. In the same month, HIPPA Journal released a statement warning that use of Internet Explorer 10 and below would be a violation of HIPAA rules. As of September 2016, market share for IE 8 and 9 combined was less than 9%. Net Market Share (2016).
Organizations both in the public and private sector must continue to adapt in order to keep their infrastructure compatible with newer and not even necessarily bleeding edge technology. They must also realize the vulnerabilities left open if they continue to support legacy browsers that have been abandoned (in terms of support and security patches) by their vendors in order to mitigate potential security threats.
- Aguinaga, J. (2016). How it feels to learn JavaScript in 2016. Retrieved from: https://hackernoon.com/how-it-feels-to-learn-javascript-in-2016-d3a717dd577f#.io0uqram3
- Goldstein, P. (2016). Federal Government Websites Attracting 7.2 Percent of Traffic from Old Internet Explorer Browsers. Retrieved from: http://www.fedtechmagazine.com/article/2016/01/federal-government-websites-attracting-72-traffic-old-internet-explorer-browsers
- HIPPA Journal. (2016). Upgrade Internet Explorer to Remain HIPAA Compliant. Retrieved from: http://www.hipaajournal.com/upgrade-internet-explorer-to-remain-hipaa-compliant-8259/
- Microsoft. (2016). Support for older versions of Internet Explorer ended on January 12th, 2016. Retrieved from: https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/WindowsForBusiness/End-of-IE-support
- Net Market Share (2016). Desktop Browser Version Market Share. Retrieved from: https://www.netmarketshare.com/browser-market-share.aspx?qprid=2&qpcustomd=0


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The wave of technology is taking control of anything and everything we do. Whatever career path we choose, the routines we find ourselves in day in and day out, and the way we manage our lives all somehow include the use of technology. But when it used for the wrong reasons, and used to harass another individual, what are the repercussions for doing so, especially if it is conducted in the workplace? Employment and labor law attorneys in California warn citizens who may be or are considering conducting themselves in an unlawful manner over a social media platform to think wisely before doing so.
Thinking Bigger noted a case involving an employee who suffered from disabilities and was made a mockery of when a co-worker took it upon themselves to create a blog where several workers posted harassing and derogatory comments about the employee. When the victim learned of this blog, he also gained knowledge of the fact that many more employees were engaging in such an unethical manner. And while no physical harm was done, the emotional damage that could be present is worth a fight which is why a California labor and employment lawyer was brought in to handle the case.
It turns out, the co-worker of the plaintiff used their employer's computers where generic passwords and easily identifiable names were recognized. When the employer realized what was happening, they took action by blocking access to the website, however, it was noted by the court that they waited two months to do so.
In that timeframe, when the site could have and should have been blocked access to immediately, more unwarranted comments were posted. Because of this, employment law legal representatives in California were able to pursue with their client's claim and ultimately walk away with $800,000 awarded for the damages caused.
While the employer argued that the blog posts was not feasible evidence because "it was separate from the workplace," that was quickly over-ruled seeing that the employer's computers were used at the job site to conduct such immoral treatment to one individual from many others. And because it took the employer as long as it did to shut down the site, the success of the case was easily decided on the plaintiff's behalf.
Labor law attorneys are well aware not all working conditions are suitable for the lifestyle you wish to lead, and while you may not be completely satisfied with your role or the position you have decided to take on, exhibiting misconduct on another individual's behalf is simply unethical and can be taken to the point where it becomes illegal.
Should you find yourself in a similar predicament where you are being harassed in the workplace, either by your employer or those co-workers around, don't hesitate to take a stand and fight for justice against this wrongful behavior. California employment law legal representatives are only a phone call away and can lead you down the proper path to be sure those are recognized for their misconduct.


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5868 Hallworth Avenue B, Columbus, Ohio
$37,9001 Bed1 BathFor Sale Under Contract
$37,9001 Bed1 BathFor Sale Under Contract
5868 Hallworth Avenue B, Columbus, Ohio 43232 - Why pay rent?! This cute condo with one bedroom & bath has newer flooring in kitchen and living area. Kitchen with new tile backsplash, and countertops. Updated bathroom. Second-floor condo, with electric stair lift that remains. Complex features a Club House, Pool, Park, Basketball and Tennis courts. Condo fee includes water, sewer, and trash.
Listing Courtesy of Sandy L Raines (614) 418-7417 - HER, Realtors (614) 855-8700
"The Parrett Group was amazing to deal with. They always went above the call of duty and were helpful before we listed, durring the sales process and after closing to ensure that we were completely satisfied. Anyone buying or selling a home in The Parrett Group's territory that uses another agent is wasting their time and money."


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This weekend, I had the incredible honor of seeing God's people come together.
We had a number of different church denominations and spiritual backgrounds, meet at Elida to put on the Basement Doctor FCA Legends football camp.
20 coaches, 20+ high school and college athletes, the Elida youth football association and countless other volunteers, all came together to serve kids from Lima, Perry, Elida, Bath, Shawnee, Bluffton, Uniopolis, Wapakoneta and more!
I didn't hear any squabbling anywhere. There was amazing unity and community.
I couldn't help but think, this is what Jesus intended when He said,
"The glory which You have given Me I have given to them, that they may be one, just as We are one; I in them and You in Me, that they may be perfected in unity, so that the world may know that You sent Me, and loved them, even as You have loved Me." (John 17:22-23)
Perhaps this is what Paul was talking about in Ephesians 4.
"Therefore I, the prisoner of the Lord, implore you to walk in a manner worthy of the calling with which you have been called, 2 with all humility and gentleness, with patience, showing tolerance for one another in love, 3 being diligent to preserve the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace. 4 There is one body and one Spirit, just as also you were called in one hope of your calling; 5 one Lord, one faith, one baptism, 6 one God and Father of all who is over all and through all and in all."
The world is watching us, the church. They are wondering why we argue with one another. I have heard them. They are curious why a people that claims to be unconditionally loved, doesn't show even a portion of that love toward each other.
Let's look for ways to show them what it means to have unity in Christ.
Great job by all who were involved in the camp Friday, showing an otherworldly love and sacrifice that could only come from the one who is Love.


text: 557 members of the Class of 2013 celebrated commencement yesterday in Nelson on a wet and chilly Memorial Day weekend. Despite student protests, the celebration was held inside the recreation center for the first time in 21 years. Yet the mood inside Nelson was anything but cold, as seniors walked across the stage to receive their diplomas and canes. Bronwyn Oatley delivered the student speech while young author Jonathan Safran Foer gave the commencement address. Check out both below. Congratulations to the Class of 2013 and best wishes for the future!


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PARIS (Reuters) - France's central bank said on Monday it expected the euro zone's second-largest economy to contract in the fourth quarter of 2012, a state underlined by data showing tumbling car sales.
The Bank of France repeated a prediction that gross domestic product will drop 0.1 percent in the three month to the end of the year, compared with the third quarter.
A statistics office report separately showed that the troubles of France's car industry continue to take a heavy toll on overall activity, falling for a 12th straight month in October.
"These are quite dire numbers to be honest," said Joost Beaumont, an economist at ABN AMRO bank who, like the central bank and many other private-sector economists, expects GDP to drop in the fourth quarter.
Industrial output, which forecasters had expected to pick up marginally following a 2.7 percent plunge in October, dipped 0.7 percent in October versus September levels -- and a large part of that was due to a further fall of 4.7 percent in auto sector output.
There is little prospect of an rapid turnaround due to weak demand and overcapacity in the car sector both in France and internationally.
PSA Peugeot-Citroen (PEUP.PA), which plans to shed 10,000 jobs, is idling its Sochaux plant in eastern France for 19 days over the Christmas holiday period.
"In addition to the slowdown in growth resulting from the euro zone crisis, the weakness in the car industry should continue to be a drag in Q4 (the fourth quarter)," said HSBC bank economist Pierre-Emmanuel Ferraton.
The Bank of France stuck to its prediction of a small drop in fourth-quarter GDP despite news since it first made such a prediction that the French economy had fared better than many predicted in the third, July-September, quarter.
French GDP grew 0.2 percent in the third quarter, defying the Bank of France's prediction of a 0.1 percent drop, and also bucking the trend in the euro zone as a whole, which fell into recession with a second quarter of shrinkage in the third quarter.
Germany also secured 0.2 percent GDP growth in the third quarter but showed signs of weakness too in data on Monday.
The trade surplus in Europe's largest economy narrowed in October to its lowest level in over half a year as exports posted meager growth in the face of weakening demand from the country's recession-hit European partners.
The Bank of France also noted that its industrial climate indicator dipped a further 1 point to 91 in a November survey, although a similar measure of sentiment in the services sector held steady at 91.
ABN AMRO's Beaumont said the October drop in industry output was all the more gloomy because economists had on average been expected a 0.3 percent rise, largely on the assumption that it had to improve after such a sharp drop in September.
But he and other economists said there were signs that the economy may have hit bottom.
"We expect France to resume modest positive growth in 1Q13 (the first quarter of 2013," said UniCredit economist Tullia Bucco.
Reporting By Brian Love; Editing by Jeremy Gaunt


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Works perfectly
I found this utility to work perfectly. I am stuck using it under Cygwin on windows, which it compiles easily on (By easy, I mean it compiles out of box.. no modifications or hacks, just run configure). I use OpenSSH at CLI and when I create an SSH forward, from there I go ahead and launch several local port forwards. This allows me to tunnel my HTTP, Socks, and other traffic over ssh, over corkscrew, via a web proxy. Due to the commonly found restrictions on properly configured web proxies, I did have to setup a remote sshd running on port 443 to get all of this to work. I've had great success using this though MSPROXY as well as Squid. I would be one bored monkey at work without this program. It's also worth noting that I can keep sustained connections for many hours with it and pass gigs of traffic through it without error.
An open, cross-platform journaling program.
A scientific plotting package.


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We recommend upgrading to the latest Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, or Firefox.
If you are using IE 9 or later, make sure you turn off "Compatibility View".
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~ Be Kind to the Sea ~ How lucky are we to be able to play in the Sea. Today we celebrate all the joy and life the Ocean has given us. We hope this day inspires you to fall in love with the Sea, and in turn work to preserve and protect it. Happy...


text: Question: I am hoping to set up an outdoor firepit/fireplace in my back yard. I am concerned about an open pit, especially when it rains (I don't want soggy ashes). One possibility could be some type of a hearth fireplace, possibly freestanding, or built into a cabana? Answer: The new Mexican Chimeneas are outdoor fireplaces which are also very artful. They come in many different styles and finishes and are designed for outdoor burning. Also, higher quality outdoor fireplaces are sold by the folks at http://www.outdoorfire.com Link: Outdoor Fireplace Web Site


text: Make sure to mark your calendar for the 2016 Community Bankers Leadership & Senior Management Conference, set this year for April 3-6 in San Antonio, Texas. The conference will take place at the Hotel Contessa. Those who are presenting include Russ Newman and Kirk Hudson, Dennis McCuistion, Phil Hinkle, Jim Huntzinger, Chet Fenimore and Jack Vonder Heide. If you work for a community bank or if you're looking for ways to improve your bank's performance, then this event is for you! Click here for more information.


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News, Vision & Voice for the Advisory Community
Invoking his own parents' small nest egg, the FSI chief projects a 2015 Finra takeover of SEC duties for RIAs
April 26, 2013 — 4:26 AM UTC by Guest Columnist: Jimmy Moock
Brooke's Note: Well, all views are welcome. Do I understand correctly that the FSI's view is that we can't afford a fiduciary standard? And that eliminating the cost of imposing one will save small firms? Maybe that will work. In fact, it would probably work for the American health care system to harmonize the credentials of doctors, nurses and chiropractors to save us all money. Thank you to Jimmy Moock for applying his ear for telling quotes for the benefit of all of us trying to discern just how FINRA promoters advocate their position. See: RIA loyalists slam the SEC for playing into FINRA's darkest characterizations of haplessness.
Dale Brown, president and chief executive of the Financial Services Institute Inc., has lobbied lawmakers and industry leaders hard to reconsider how the fiduciary standard is finalized and implemented.
So, it was no surprise to an audience of more than 70 wealth management industry professionals at Gladstone Associates LLC's annual M&A conference that Brown chose to use his featured-speaker position to drive home the point. See: Bill Dwyer tells RIAs to advise more — albeit with heavy use of products — and tips his hand about his for-profit future.
"I think that we all have a responsibility as Americans and business owners in the industry to be engaged in the process of determining our laws," Brown said Wednesday at the conference, held at the Cira Centre in Philadelphia. "We just don't need to suffer more regulation that comes with unintended consequences." See: As DOL contemplates stiff fiduciary-related penalties on advisors, NAPFA and FPA find rare concord with FSI.
Higher hurdles
Make no mistake, Brown believes that uniform fiduciary standards are going to be solidified and implemented by both the of Labor Department and Congress by the close of 2014, with any related laws to go into effect in 2015. See: FINRA is making dog whistle comments hinting its SRO ambitions still simmer.
Brown, who has helmed the Institute for nine years, counts more than 100 independent broker-dealers as members. In his speech, he emphasized that those firms account for more than 35,000 advisors representing more than 15 million households, in part to make a point about the impact of implementation of a fiduciary standard. The upshot: His constituents will face more regulatory hurdles than they do now.
"Firms will be squeezed from the business as a result of increased costs associated with greater regulatory burdens. At the institute, we are about access to advice for all. What many don't understand is that smaller investors will have an even harder time accessing advice if this happens," he said.
Can the SEC outsource to FINRA?
Brown expects that political gridlock will continue through mid-term elections in 2014. But, this won't stop what he sees as the eventual solution for industry oversight.
"FINRA will expand its reach into investment advisor oversight and by early 2015 we could see Congress giving approval for a mechanism allowing the SEC to turn over enforcement to FINRA," predicted Brown.
This compelled one audience member to ask him if the SEC's resource limitations might indeed lead it to outsource some or all of enforcement to FINRA.
"When it comes to a new fiduciary standard, I suspect that we will see a revised proposal from the SEC within 12 months. They are likely to split the baby and make both sides mad," said Brown. See: An advisor fee bill hits Congress again, this time gaining qualified support from RIA groups.
Current enforcement not enough
According to data Brown cited during his speech, the current SEC budget and resources indicate that advisory firms under SEC purview can expect to get a visit from the SEC once every 11 years, versus FINRA's rate of once every two years. Brown suggested that this disparity in regulation will force new SEC Chairman Mary Jo White to work toward closing the gap in enforcement standards before the end of 2014.
"The SEC recognizes that working to harmonize standards is a good PR effort to improve its standing among consumer groups," Brown said. "With 40% of RIAs having never received a visit from an SEC examiner, the reality is that the SEC knows it has to act." See: One-Man Think Tank: The SEC's custody examinations leave gaps big enough for Madoff to drive a bus through.
IRS influencing the game?
Brown's commentary elicited a question from the audience that got more than a few people to sit up in their seats.
"Is the move to a uniform standard also a veiled attempt to eliminate the independent-contractor status of advisors working with independent broker-dealers?" an unnamed financial advisor asked.
Brown instantly agreed with the direction of the question.
"In the documentation around the broker-dealer and advisor relationship, the word 'supervision' is used. That creates an immediate 'gotcha' for those in the IRS who want to characterize the relationship as employer-employee," explained Brown.
"The IRS doesn't like the added complexity of dealing with 1099 workers, and it certainly is easier to collect revenue under the withholding system. Because certain industries abuse the rules, the IRS is very likely looking for ways to clamp down," continued Brown, who wasn't fully ready to connect the IRS' motives to the effort to harmonize regulatory standards.
The takeaway
Early in his prepared remarks, Brown told the story of his parents, who managed to retire 20 years ago with less than $200,000 thanks to the advice and care they received from an independent financial advisor. It is precisely investors such as Brown's parents who, from the Financial Services Institute's perspective, stand to lose if regulations become more onerous.
"It comes down to access to advice for everyone. We believe that there is a way to harmonize the regulatory standards to keep this a possibility," said Brown.
Jimmy Moock is vice president of Gregory FCA Communications, a PR firm based in Ardmore, Pa.
FSI | IRS | FINRA | Gladstone Associates | GregoryFCA
Mentioned in this article:
Gladstone Associates, LLC
Mergers and Acquisition Firm
Top Executive: Michael Bilotta, Managing Director
Share your thoughts and opinions with the author or other readers.


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Be Beautiful For Good
From April 21-26, we're partnering with salons across the US and Canada for Sustainable Beauty Week to raise money for the Fruit Tree Planting Foundation. Additionally, we will donate 10% of all carbon-neutral product sales on your behalf. Feeling better yet?
Invisible No Gas Spray
For shape forming, brushable looks
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"Davines is, and wishes to remain, a traditional artisan company which understands that people represent its basic wealth." - Davide Bollati, Owner
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Salons and their clients come together every year for a charitable project to support the environment.
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Formulated with 98% natural origin ingredients and organic safflower oil.


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The Dearne Playhouse Presents
14th - 17th December 2017!
Written by Karl Ridsdale
Directed by Joe Hodgkinson
Choreography by Emma Pilling
Louise Leather as Jack, Katie Glover as Jill, Tim Rutherford as Dame Tilly Trott, Daniel Glover as Simple Simon, Tommy Carmicheal as the Henchman and Jeff Riley as Squire Skinflint
Brian Blessed as the voice of the Giant
Follow Jack, his Mother Dame Tilly Trott and his hapless brother Simple Simon, and climb a beanstalk of GIANT proportions to cloudland in our spectacular family pantomime.
Forced to sell his trusty cow Buttercup, join Jack as he fights to save the beautiful Jill, outwit the evil giant and his Henchman, win riches beyond his wildest dreams and the hand of the girl he loves.
Jack and the Beanstalk is staged by the Dearne Playhouse, one of Barnsley's largest pantomime producers and the team behind last year's sell out run of "Cinderella". Featuring more laugh out loud moments than you can shake a bag of magic beans at, a huge beanstalk and one very mean, beardy giant at the top of it, and with a ticket price to suit all pockets, you won't have to sell the family cow to enjoy this spectacular pantomime at the Dearne Playhouse.
The sensational cast, combined with magnificent scenery, fabulous costumes, and the return of a few familiar faces, guarantees that Jack and the Beanstalk is going to be another unmissable Dearne Playhouse panto. Book today!
Suitable for all ages
Approx running time 2hrs
Full price - £12.00, Concessions - £10.00
Thursday 14th - 7pm
Friday 15th - 7pm
Saturday 16th - 2pm, 7pm
Sunday 17th - 2pm


text: Human Rights Observatory What's What in Iran Nuclear Deal As a deadline nears for a deal on Iran's nuclear program, the talk centers around centrifuges, enriched uranium, and heavy-water reactors. To understand what they are and why they matter, start with a look inside an atomic bomb. Stray bits of atom called neutrons collide with uranium or plutonium in the bomb's core, splitting the atoms apart and releasing enormous amounts of energy. But not just any uranium will do. The radioactive element comes in two main forms, or isotopes:...Read complete article© Voice of America - Monday, March 30, 2015