text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Apr 27, 2010
|Filing date
|Mar 11, 2008
|Priority date
|Oct 24, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Earl Dallas Smith, Judson Smith
|Original Assignee
|Aloha, Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (461), Non-Patent Citations (33), Classifications (33), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of U.S patent application Ser. No. 11/409,614, filed Apr. 24, 2006, which is a continuation of international application Serial No. PCT/US04/35218, filed Oct. 25, 2004, which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/514,290 filed Oct. 24, 2003 entitled DUAL ARM SUSPENSION; U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/519,353, filed Nov. 11, 2003, entitled DUAL SUPPORT SUSPENSION; and U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/613,664, filed Sep. 28, 2004, entitled COMPACT SUSPENSION FOR A LOW FLOOR VEHICLE, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to dual arm and single arm suspension systems for vehicles, and in particular for vehicles having a floor which is lower than the rotational axes of the wheels, and also in particular for compactly configured suspensions for vehicles having a low floor.
This invention relates to the field of wheel suspensions, and particularly to wheel suspension systems that independently support the wheels of a vehicle in which a wide and low cargo floor is desired. This invention is an improvement to the wheel suspension systems described in my earlier patents, namely, U.S. Pat. No. 4,878,691, issued on Nov. 7, 1989; U.S. Pat. No. 4,934,733, issued on Jun. 19, 1990; U.S. Pat. No. 5,016,912, issued on May 21, 1991; U.S. Pat. No. 5,275,430, issued on Jan. 4, 1994; U.S. Pat. No. 5,839,750, issued on Nov. 24, 1998; U.S. Pat. No. 6,398,251, issued on Jun. 4, 2002; U.S. Pat. No. 6,428,026, issued on Aug. 6, 2002; U.S. Design Pat. No. D485,787, issued on Jan. 27, 2004; and U.S. Publication No. US-2002-0105170, published Aug. 8, 2002; all incorporated herein by reference.
For a variety of reasons, it is frequently desirable to have the cargo floor of a trailer, van or similar vehicle as low as reasonably possible. A low floor provides for more efficient transportation of cargo, giving a vehicle more useable, internal space for given exterior dimensions. Also, a low floor placed close to the road surface makes for easier access to the vehicle. These and other advantages of a low cargo floor have motivated various proposals for low vehicle floors.
One aspect of the present invention relates to a suspension system for a vehicle. The suspension system includes upper and lower pivoting arms. Each arm is pivotally coupled at one end to the vehicle frame, and pivotally coupled at the other end to a spindle support. At least one of the pivoting arms is located below the rotational axis of the wheel.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is a vehicle suspension system having a pair of pivoting arms. Each arm is pivotally coupled at one end to the vehicle frame, and pivotally coupled at the other end to a stub axle which rotatably supports a wheel. A spring urges one of the pivoting arms away from the vehicle frame.
Yet another aspect of the present invention concerns a wheel suspension system having upper and lower pivoting arms. The arms are pivotally coupled to a stub axle which rotatably supports a wheel. A first support arm is located above a second support arm. A spring urges against the second support arm, and the spring passes through a passageway in the upper support arm.
Yet another aspect of the present invention concerns a wheel suspension system having upper and lower pivoting arms, each of which is pivotally coupled at one end to a vehicle frame, and pivotally coupled at the other end to a stub axle. The upper arm includes a downward bend which provides clearance between the upper support arm and an outboard corner of static structure of the vehicle.
In another aspect of the present invention, there is a vehicle suspension system having a pivoting support arm which is pivotally attached to the vehicle frame and pivotal about an axis that is below the rotational axis of the supported wheel. In one embodiment, the invention includes a shock absorber which is coupled at one end to the wheel support and coupled at the other end to the vehicle frame. The line of action of the shock absorber is substantially horizontal. In other embodiments, the shock absorber is pivotally coupled at one end to the support arm and at the other end to the vehicle frame. The line of action of the shock absorber is substantially horizontal.
Yet another aspect of the present invention relates to a compactly arranged suspension system for a vehicle, especially for a vehicle having a low floor. The suspension system includes a wheel support which includes a pair of pivot attachments for coupling to the vehicle. One pivot attachment is substantially outboard of the coupling interface of the wheel support to a stub axle. The second pivot axis is spaced inboard from the first pivot axis along a common pivot axis. In some embodiments, the pivot axis is substantially parallel to the rotational axis. In yet other embodiments, the pivot axis is inclined more than about one degree and less than about six degrees from the rotational axis. In some embodiments the wheel support is a trailing-arm type wheel support. In yet other embodiments the wheel support is a leading-arm wheel support.
In yet another aspect of the present invention, there is a wheel support which is pivotally coupled to a vehicle by a pair of spaced apart pivot joints. The outboard-most pivot joint is substantially above the track of the supported tire. Preferably, the other pivot joint is spaced inboard of the outboard pivot joint along a common pivot axis.
Yet another aspect of the present invention pertains to a compact arrangement of a wheel suspension. The suspension system preferably includes a wheel support pivotally coupled to the vehicle and a biasing number for urging the wheel support apart from the vehicle. Preferably, the wheel support is coupled to the vehicle by a pair of spaced apart pivot joints. In some embodiments, the wheel support and spring are compactly arranged within the volume of the wheelhousing for the supported wheel.
Other aspects of the present invention will be apparent from the claims description of the preferred embodiments, and the drawings to follow.
This application contains drawings executed in color. Copies of this application with color drawings will provided by the U.S.P.T.O. upon request and payment of the necessary fee.
The following
For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated device, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates.
This document incorporates by reference U.S. Pat. No. 6,398,251 issued Jun. 4, 2002, and also U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2002/0105170, published Aug. 8, 2002.
As used herein, the terms "lateral" and "transverse" refer to a direction that is generally perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle and also generally horizontal. The term "rolling" refers to rotational movement about an axis that is generally parallel to the longitudinal axis. The term "pitching" refers to rotational movement about an axis that is generally transverse to the vehicle longitudinal axis. The term "yawing" refers to rotational movement about a vertical axis. The term "inboard" and "outboard" refer to positions that are closer to and further from, respectively, the vehicle longitudinal axis. The terms "front" and "rear" have their conventional meanings for a vehicle. The term "vehicle" as used herein refers to any type of land transport vehicle, including trucks, buses, vans, automobiles, motorhomes, and towed trailers, including vehicles that have been converted from one type of vehicle to a different type of vehicle by incorporation of any of the embodiments of the inventions herein.
The present invention provides a wheel suspension system which has a low profile and permits placement of the chassis floor below the rotational axes of the wheels. In one embodiment the suspension system utilizes a pair of support arms that are pivotally connected with the vehicle frame, preferably by pivotal attachment to a frame member. In another embodiment, the pivot axes are generally parallel with the longitudinal axis of the frame, such that the pivotal motion of the dual support arms is generally rolling motion relative to the vehicle. In other embodiments, the pivotal axes are angled relative to the frame longitudinal axis such that the pivotal motion of the support arms is a combination of rolling and pitching relative to the frame.
The suspension system preferably includes a spindle support which in some embodiments is pivotally connected to each of the support arms. The spindle support attaches to a stub axle spindle which rotatably supports one or more wheels. The dual support arms and spindle support are arranged and configured such that the rotational axis of the wheel is preferably located above the floor of the frame when the vehicle is located on a level surface and during typical transporting. Some embodiments of the present invention maintain a low payload floor (beneath the rotational axes of the rear wheels) for the cargo or payload section of the vehicle when the vehicle is transporting objects or people (i.e., when it is moving). Yet other embodiments of the present invention maintain the top surface of the frame below the rotational axes of the rear wheels when the vehicle is transporting objects or people.
In some embodiments the dual suspension arms include a lower arm and an upper arm. The suspension system utilizes one or more springs which are preferably located between a lower spring support of the lower support arm and an upper spring support on the bottom of the chassis floor. Preferably, the springs extend through one or more passageways or apertures in the upper arm. The present invention contemplates any type of spring for biasing the support arms from the chassis, including coil springs, air springs, leaf springs, and the like.
In some embodiments, the suspension system includes a dampener such as a shock absorber, air over oil actuator, oil over oil actuator, airbag, friction dampener, or the like for dampening the oscillatory motion of the suspension system. In one embodiment, one end of the dampener is pivotally attached to the spindle support and the other end of the shock absorber is pivotally attached to a portion of the frame such as the wheel housing. In these embodiments, the shock absorber is substantially vertical in orientation. In other embodiments, one end of the shock absorber is pivotally attached to an inboard portion of either the upper support arm or the lower support arm. The other end of the shock absorber is pivotally mounted to a portion of the frame which is under the floor of the chassis. In some of these embodiments, the shock absorber is generally transverse to the longitudinal axis of the frame.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the frame floor is placed below the rotational axis of the wheels. In some embodiments, the sidewalls of the vehicle are placed outboard so as to maximize the internal width of the chassis for carrying a payload. In some embodiments this combination of low floor and outboard side structures result in an outboard corner of the chassis being located near the upper pivotal support arm. In these embodiments, the upper pivotal support arm preferably includes a generally outwardly-placed dog leg bend adapted and configured such that the upper pivotal support arm has a concave shape when viewed from above. This dog leg bend provides relief clearance between the upper pivotal support arm and the lower outboard corner of the chassis when the wheel moves upwardly (jounce).
The use of an MN-prefix (MNXX) in front of an element number (XX) indicates an element that is the same as other elements with the same suffix (XX), except for the changes which are shown or described.
A chassis section according to one embodiment of the present invention preferably is rigidly coupled to a cab section having a high profile sub-frame and floor. The cab section preferably includes steerable front wheels, an engine to drive the front wheels, and a driver's seat and controls. In one embodiment of the present invention the cab section is separated from an existing vehicle which typically includes a high profile frame throughout the length of the existing vehicle. The center and rear portion of the high profile frame section of the existing vehicle is separated from the cab section, and the low profile chassis section according to an embodiment of the present invention is rigidly coupled to the high profile cab section, resulting in a new vehicle.
A separate payload section, such as an ambulance compartment, passenger compartment, or cargo compartment can be coupled to the top of the center and rear chassis section and also to the rear of the cab section. The payload compartment can have a floor that is close to the roadway by placement of the top surface of the underlying chassis section below the rotational axes of the rear wheels, in the case of an ambulance compartment, having a low floor permits easier entrance and exit from the compartment as compared to a standard ambulance with a high profile floor. A low profile chassis according to some embodiments of the present invention permits easier movement of wheelchairs and gurneys into and out of the ambulance compartment. As another example, a payload compartment for carrying passengers around airports and hotels can have a low profile floor which makes ingress and egress easier for elderly and handicapped passengers. As another example, a payload compartment comprising a low profile floor cargo compartment such as for a short haul delivery truck permits the delivery person to bring cargo into and out of the compartment with less fatigue. A payload compartment attached to a chassis according to the present invention can also have a lower overall height than an existing vehicle with high profile chassis, yet have a useful interior height from floor to ceiling that is about the same as for an existing vehicle. Therefore the present invention permits the use of a payload compartment with a large interior that can pass underneath a low hanging obstruction, such as those found at the arrival and departure areas of some hotels.
Some embodiments of the present invention are directed toward a vehicle chassis incorporating unpowered, non-steerable rear wheels. However, the present invention contemplates that the various elements and features shown and described herein are also applicable to powered rear wheels, such as those shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,702,059, issued Mar. 9, 2004 to Bartel; and also those shown in U.S. patent application Serial No. 2003/0010561, published Jan. 16, 2003, by inventor Bartel. Both of these documents are incorporated herein by reference.
Further, although what is shown and described herein includes various embodiments in which one or more features are located either below the flow of the payload section or beneath the top surface of the frame, the present invention also contemplates those embodiments in which the elements and features disclosed and described herein are placed above the floor or above the top surface, and also those embodiments in which the elements and features shown and described herein can be placed above the rotational axis of the supported wheel.
In some of the descriptions to follow, reference will be made to a single wheel suspension system shown supporting a single wheel from a roadway. However, the present invention contemplates a suspension system which can support multiple wheels in tandem. Further, it is understood that the present invention also contemplates those embodiments in which there are mirror image suspension systems on the other side of the frame, and/or other wheel suspension systems on the same side of the frame.
Referring to
As best seen in
Referring again to
As used herein, the term "pivot joint" refers to an assembly of both static and rotating components and preferably also male and female components. As one example, the portion of the pivot joints pivoting with the support arm can be either male or female. Likewise, the portion of the pivoting joint attached to frame 130 or spindle support 180 can be either male or female and is complementary to the pivot joint portion of the support arm. For example, the static portion of the inboard pivot joints can be male or female members attached to a frame member that is generally parallel with the longitudinal axis of the vehicle. In other embodiments, the static portion of the pivot joint can be male or female members coupled to a transverse member of the vehicle frame. The present invention contemplates any type of pivotal coupling, including single degree of freedom couplings utilizing elastomeric elements, low friction organic material elements (such as nylon bushings) and metallic bearings, as well as two degree of freedom ball joints or other multi degree of freedom joints.
As best seen in
When viewed from above, upper support arm 140 is seen as shaped concavedly downward. This dog leg portion or relief bend 158 provides clearance between support arm 140 and chassis outboard corner 139 during upward movement of suspension system 120. The present invention contemplates other adaptations for providing clearance, including rounding-off or "chamfering" of the frame in the vicinity of corner 139. The present invention also contemplates other shapes for the upper support arm, including upper support arms that include a notch.
Referring to
Although what has been shown and described are upper support arms and lower support arms, each pivotally coupled to the vehicle frame in two locations and each pivotally coupled to the spindle support at two locations, the present invention contemplates other configurations of pivotal attachment. For example, the present invention contemplates lower and upper support arms in which one or both of the arms have single pivotal attachments to the vehicle frame, and/or single pivotal attachments to the spindle support. As further examples, the present invention contemplates embodiments in which either of the support arms have a total of three pivotal attachments, or a total of two pivotal attachments. In the case of a support arm having only two pivotal attachments, it may be helpful to include a guiding member, such as a control arm, which restrains movement of the support arm from yawing or any other unwanted pivotal motion.
As can best be seen in
A suspension system 220 according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown in
Referring to
As can best be seen in
Suspension system 220 includes an air spring 292 which biases lower support arm 260 from chassis floor 235. Lower support arm 260 is also shown in
Referring to
A suspension system 320 according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown in
Referring to
As can best be seen in
Suspension system 320 is the same as suspension system 120, except for the use of an air spring 392 to bias one of the support arms away from the vehicle frame.
A suspension system 420 according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown in
Referring to
As can best be seen in
Suspension system 420 includes an air spring 492 for biasing one of the support arms away from the vehicle frame. In all the embodiments shown herein, the upper spring support of the vehicle frame is located below the rotational axis of the wheel. However, the present invention also contemplates those embodiments in which the upper spring support is above the rotational axis of the wheel.
As best seen in
A wheel suspension system 520 according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown in
Referring to
As can best be seen in
Wheel suspension system 520 includes a pair of support arms 540 and 560 which are angled relative to the wheel rotational axis in a semi-trailing arm configuration. As best seen in
In one embodiment, the semi-trailing support arms 540 and 560 are equal length. However, the present invention also contemplates those embodiments in which the upper support arm is longer than the lower support arm, and those embodiments in which the lower support arm is longer than the upper support arm.
The wheel suspension system 620 according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown in
Referring to
Although a specific placement of the pivot joints for the lower support arm relative to the spring and spring support has been shown and described, the present is not so limited, and contemplates other configurations of pivot joint. For example, the present invention also contemplates the use of a single lower inboard pivot joint and dual, aligned outboard pivot joints. Further, although the upper and lower inboard pivot axes are shown generally perpendicular to rotational axis 624, the present invention also contemplates those embodiments in which the upper and lower support arms are arranged in a semi-trailing arm configuration, similar to that described for suspension system 520.
As can best be seen in
As best seen in
A wheel suspension system 720 according to another embodiment of the present invention is shown in
As best seen in
As best seen in
Wheel suspension system 720 includes a shock absorber 796 preferably located in front of wheel 722. The line of action 796.1 of shock 796 lies in a plane that is generally parallel to a vertical plane. One end of shock absorber 796 includes a pivotal attachment 797 to frame member 730. The other end of shock 796 includes a pivotal attachment 798 to a bracket 779 that is fastened to spindle support 780. As best appreciated in
Referring to
Yet further embodiments of the present invention relate to arrangements of vehicle suspensions in a compact manner, including suspensions contained within a wheel housing. The various embodiments to follow can be combined with the embodiments shown and described thus far. For example, the present invention contemplates packaging of a dual arm suspension within a wheel housing which is sufficiently reinforced to have the strength and stiffness desirable for the loads encountered by the upper and lower support arms. Further, although there may be slight differences in nomenclature between the aforementioned embodiments and the embodiments described hereafter, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize the similarities. As one example, a "pivot joint" as used previously is the same as the "pivot assembly" used hereafter.
Some embodiments of the present invention relate to apparatus and methods for compactly arranging a vehicle suspension. In particular, some embodiments of the present invention pertain to vehicles, including cars, buses, trucks, towed trailers, and the like, in which a portion of the floor, and especially the rear floor, is at a level below the rotational axis of the rear axes of the rear wheels.
In some embodiments, the suspension is compactly arranged within a small volume of the vehicle, such as a wheelhouse. This compact arrangement can include the wheel support, a biasing member such as a spring, a shock absorber, the pivot joints for the wheel support, and various braking elements.
Yet other embodiments of the present invention pertain to methods and apparatus for supporting a wheel from a frame. In some embodiments, the wheels are attached to stub axles which are cantilevered from a wheel support. The wheel support can be of the trailing type or of the leading arm type. Preferably, the wheel support is coupled to the vehicle frame by a pair of spaced-apart pivot joints. In some embodiments, both of the wheel supports are contained within the corresponding wheelhouse of the vehicle.
Preferably, each pivot joint has a pivot axis and the pivot axis of the inboard pivot joint and the outboard pivot joint are preferably co-linear. In some embodiments the pivot axes are also parallel to the rotational axis of the supported wheel. In other embodiments, the pivot axis is coplanar with the rotational axis, but not parallel with the rotational axis. The present invention also contemplates those embodiments in which the pivot axis is forwardly inclined relative to the rotational axis, such that the two axes diverge in a direction laterally outwardly from the vehicle centerline. The present invention also contemplates those embodiments in which the pivot axis is rearwardly inclined such that the pivot axis and the rotational axis come closer together at a location laterally and outwardly from the vehicle centerline.
The present invention also contemplates those embodiments in which the rotational axis and the pivot axis are not co-planar, and further includes those embodiments in which the pivot and rotational axes are not co-planar and further include either rearward inclination or forward inclination.
In some embodiments of the present invention, there is a pivotal wheel support adapted and configured to be compactly arranged within a wheelhousing. In some embodiments, the wheel support includes two pivot joints acting along a common axis that are spaced apart to provide improved lateral support of the wheel. When the wheel support is pivotally coupled to a vehicle, one pivot joint is located outboard of the contacting face (for example, face 10144.1) which establishes the lateral location of the supported stub axle. The other pivotal coupling is preferably arranged along a common pivot axis, but located inboard of the outboard pivot joint. In some embodiments, this face defines a plane (such as plane 10144.2) which intercepts the common pivot axis at a location preferably in between the outboard and inboard pivot joints. In yet other embodiments, the compact arrangement is achieved with a wheel support in which the outboard-most pivotal coupling is generally located over the track of the supported tire (for instance, tire track 10130.2 for a tire 10130.1).
The present invention further contemplates various configurations and mounting arrangements for a biasing member. The biasing member can be an airbag, coil spring, leaf spring, oil over oil actuator, air over oil actuator, or electrical over oil actuator. In some embodiments, the forces exerted by the biasing member are aligned substantially vertically. As one example, the present invention includes those suspensions having an airbag which urges apart an upper surface of the support arm from a lower surface of the wheelhouse. As another example, the present invention contemplates an electric over oil actuator arranged such that the biasing forces are exerted against a rearward facing portion of forward frame structure and a forward facing portion of the wheel support.
Various embodiments of the present invention include different arrangements for mounting the dual pivot joints. In some embodiments, the pivot joints are attached to the frame such that the pivot axis is above the rotational axis of the wheel when the spacing between the wheel support and the vehicle frame is at a typical ride height. With such an arrangement the loads imparted by the tire to the wheel support and into the pivot joints are at least partly in tension during jounce (i.e., hitting a bump) because of the tendency of the wheel support to move aft as it moves along its constrained arc. Yet other embodiments of the present invention include a single pivot joint which extends across a substantial portion of the width of the wheel support.
Yet other embodiments of the present invention include suspensions where the pivot axis is placed below the rotational axis when the distance between the wheel support and the vehicle frame is representative of a typical ride height. In such embodiments the response of the wheel support to rebound (i.e., the wheel falling into a chuckhole) includes at least partly placing the support arm and the pivot joints in tension because of the movement of the wheel support along its constrained arc.
As used hereafter, the small letters a, b, c, and d refer to orientation of the component on the right or left. The suffixes -a and -c refer to forward and rearward components respectively, on the left side of the vehicle (as facing forward), and the suffixes -b and -d refer to forward and rearward components on the right side of the frame. Also, as used hereafter, the use of a 1RS-series prefix (1RS) in front of an element number (1RSXX) indicates an element that is the same as other elements with the same suffix (XX), except for the changes which are shown or described hereafter.
Referring to
Wheel support 10040 a is pivotally coupled by outboard and inboard pivot assemblies 10052 a and 10056 a, respectively which are bolted or otherwise affixed to a stationary pivot support 10062 a of frame 10022. Each pivot assembly 10052 a and 10056 a include inner pivoting members 10053 a and 10057 a, respectively, which are preferably bonded by a resilient material (such as an elastomeric compound) to outer stationary members 10054 a and 10058 a, respectively. Preferably, the pivot assemblies 10052 a and 10056 a are coupled to wheel support pivot attachments 10055 a and 10059 a, respectively, which are adapted and configured such that shimming of one pivot accommodates changes to toe in, and shimming changes to the other pivot assembly accommodates changes to camber, similar to the toe in and camber adjustment features shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,398,251.
In one embodiment, and as best seen in
As seen in
As best seen in
As best seen in
The longitudinal distance from the front of wheelhousing 10180 b to rotational axis 10143 b is shown along the top of
Referring to
As previously discussed, in referring to
In one embodiment of the present invention, wheel support 10140 is urged apart from the frame by a biasing member or spring 10150, and further by an actuator 10170. Preferably, actuator 10170 is a shock absorber, but can also be any of the types of actuators or biasing members previously discussed for element 1070. Preferably, biasing member 10150 is an airbag, but could also be a leaf spring, or oil actuator, air over oil actuator or electric over oil actuator. Actuator 10170 is pivotally connected to a stationary flange or bracket 10172 into a pivoting flange or bracket 10171.
Referring to
Referring to
Referring to
Wheel 10430 a is pivotally supported by a wheel support 10440 a that is adapted and configured to be biased to a position by a biasing member 10450 a that applies a biasing force in a substantially horizontal direction. Wheel support 10440 a includes a vertically oriented spring support section 10480 a which is preferably coupled to one end of an airbag 10450 a. The other end of airbag 10450 a is preferably coupled to static portion 10472 a of rear frame 10422.
Wheel support 10440 a preferably rearwardly extending support arm 10447 that pivotally couples to an actuator or shock absorber 10470 a. The other end of actuator 10478 is preferably pivotally coupled to wheel housing 10480 a by a stationary support member 10481 a. In some embodiments of the present invention, the suspension supporting wheel 10430 a is compactly arranged within wheel housing 10480 a.
It has been discovered that there are several geometric ratios and dimensions that are preferable in the design of chassis, frames, and suspensions for vehicles having a floor that is below the rotational axis of the rear wheels. These geometric relationships are applicable to the chassis, frame, and suspension disclosed herein, as well as those disclosed in the patents and applications incorporated herein by reference, as well as many other types of chassis, frame, and suspension systems for low floor vehicles. In some cases, the recommendations below make references to
A low floor chassis wherein the longitudinal members 10582 are of a vertical height dimension A equal to but not less than about 40 percent of the vertical dimensional height of the chassis ground clearance B between bottom surface 10534 of said longitudinal member and the road surface said chassis 10522 is traveling.
A low floor chassis wherein the transverse cross members 10589 (outriggers) which connect to the longitudinal members 10582 and which support the mounting of the wheel suspension arms 10540 have a vertical height dimension C equal to but not less than about 75 percent of the vertical height dimension A of the longitudinal members of the vehicle chassis 10522.
A low floor chassis wherein the longitudinal members 10582 have a centerline separation D from the vehicle centerline X equal to or less than about 50 percent of the dimensional length E of the transverse cross member 10586.
A low floor chassis wherein the pivot shafts dimensional diameters are equal to or greater than about 30 percent of the vertical dimensional height C of the cross member 10562 or 1086 or 10588 that it mounts to.
A low floor chassis wherein the bushings 10554 or 556 which support the pivot arm 10540 through the pivot shafts 10553 or 10557 shall have a dimensional diameter F equal to but not less than about 50 percent of the vertical height dimension C of the cross member 10562 or 10586 or 10588 that is mounts to.
A low floor chassis wherein a resilient arm pivot joint 10552 or 51056 wherein the inside diameter H of the bearing that supports an arm pivot shaft 10553 or 10557 is not less than about 50 percent of the dimensional outside diameter G of the bearing.
A low floor chassis wherein the distance I between the inboard arm pivot joint 10556 and the outboard pivot joint 10552 is not less than two times the outside diameter G of the arm pivot bearing.
A low floor chassis wherein a pivot arm joint 10552 or 10556 wherein the outside diameter of the bearing G is a greater dimension than the longitudinal length dimension J.
A low floor chassis wherein pivot joint 10552 or 10556 outside diameter G is at least about 40 percent of the dimensional vertical height A of the frame 10522 longitudinal members 10582 to support wheel capacities of about 4500 pounds or greater, or about 6000 pounds vehicle weight or greater.
Yet other examples of the geometric ratios and dimensions preferable in the design of low floor vehicles can be found in the following table. This table provides dimensions, in inches, that have been found to be preferably associated with the amount of weight supported by a single wheel. The table shows supported weights of 3500 pounds, 6000 pounds, and 7000 pounds per wheel. The range of dimensions and preferable dimensions are shown in inches. Dimension (K) is the dimension from a substantially planar top surface of the frame to the rotational axis of the wheel (see
4 to 6
4 to 6
5 to 6
7 to 8
7 to 8
7 to 8
3 to 4
2 to 4
3 to 4
While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiment has been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected.
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|Dec 16, 1933
|Aug 23, 1938
|Midland Steel Prod Co
|Method and apparatus for forming automobile side rails
|Oct 12, 1937
|Sep 5, 1939
|Peterman Theodore A
|Flexible beam wheel suspension
|Jun 5, 1936
|Sep 19, 1939
|Midland Steel Prod Co
|Vehicle frame and method of making same
|Dec 26, 1934
|Oct 10, 1939
|Porsche Gmbh
|Springing arrangement
|May 26, 1937
|Mar 19, 1940
|Ash Charles S
|Dual wheel vehicle
|Jul 19, 1937
|Mar 19, 1940
|Peterman Theodore A
|Vehicle suspension
|Jul 8, 1937
|Mar 26, 1940
|Willson Corwin D
|Spring suspension for vehicles
|Jul 26, 1938
|Jun 25, 1940
|Hansen Ralph D
|Delivery truck
|Dec 5, 1938
|Jul 23, 1940
|Adolph Ronning
|Steerable vehicle truck
|Oct 18, 1939
|Aug 20, 1940
|Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd
|Motor vehicle
|Dec 26, 1939
|Oct 15, 1940
|Adolph Ronning
|Vehicle supporting device
|Sep 5, 1939
|Dec 24, 1940
|Larison Compensating Axle Corp
|Vehicle wheel mounting
|May 21, 1938
|Jan 7, 1941
|Ronning Adolph
|Vehicle suspension means
|Jun 23, 1937
|Apr 1, 1941
|Peterman Theodore A
|Vehicle support
|Nov 21, 1939
|Apr 29, 1941
|T E Ferris
|Vehicle axle
|Feb 3, 1939
|Apr 29, 1941
|Renault Louis
|Framework for vehicles
|Jun 2, 1939
|Aug 19, 1941
|William Wenthe
|Sep 21, 1939
|Sep 2, 1941
|Briggs Mfg Co
|Electric motor vehicle
|Sep 15, 1939
|Jan 13, 1942
|Cadillac Malleable Iron Compan
|Motor vehicle
|Sep 25, 1939
|Mar 24, 1942
|Chester Townsend Roy
|Method of making structural beams
|May 17, 1940
|Jun 16, 1942
|Budd Edward G Mfg Co
|Wheel suspension for vehicles
|Sep 24, 1940
|Sep 29, 1942
|Karl Froehlich
|Spring suspension for road vehicles
|Jun 10, 1941
|Jan 19, 1943
|Firestone Tire & Rubber Co
|Resilient mounting
|Mar 29, 1941
|Dec 14, 1943
|Suter James J
|Rolling tamping apparatus
|Mar 12, 1943
|May 23, 1944
|Larison Compensating Axle Corp
|Vehicle wheel mounting
|Nov 25, 1942
|Oct 16, 1945
|Sullivan Mathew D
|Trailer suspension
|Mar 5, 1945
|Feb 26, 1946
|Pearson George V
|Multiple wheel suspension for vehicles
|Nov 30, 1943
|Dec 3, 1946
|Larison Compensating Axle Corp
|Equalizing suspension for vehicles
|Sep 17, 1945
|Nov 9, 1948
|Schramm Arthur G
|Trailer construction
|May 11, 1944
|Dec 7, 1948
|Rene Lucien
|Vehicle body
|Jul 10, 1945
|Dec 28, 1948
|Kuns Ray F
|Boat trailer
|Dec 5, 1945
|Mar 22, 1949
|Harris Mfg Company
|Wheel suspension
|Oct 26, 1946
|Dec 6, 1949
|Citroen Sa Andre
|Device for the self-adjustment of the height of motor vehicles above the ground
|Jun 14, 1947
|Feb 14, 1950
|Cooper Arthur B
|Torsion spring wheel suspension
|Aug 18, 1947
|May 16, 1950
|Walter H Knapp
|Independent wheel suspension
|Jun 20, 1947
|Feb 6, 1951
|Mosier Joseph H
|Boat trailer
|Nov 5, 1946
|May 22, 1951
|Munger Ormond S
|Vehicle wheel suspension with hydraulic steering
|Dec 22, 1947
|Sep 4, 1951
|Wolfe Orrin J
|Cantilevered trailer wheel suspension
|Nov 10, 1949
|Nov 13, 1951
|Guy M Turner
|Differential wheel unit
|Feb 21, 1947
|Nov 27, 1951
|Lee Bush Ean
|Wheel suspension for trailers
|Aug 7, 1946
|May 20, 1952
|Mechanical Handling Sys Inc
|Air spring dual wheel running gear
|Feb 4, 1946
|Aug 19, 1952
|Timken Axle Co Detroit
|Vehicle with means for laterally stabilizing tandem drive axles and transmitting brake and drive torque reactions to the frame
|Oct 24, 1950
|Sep 2, 1952
|Mcmurtrie Dallas W
|Trailer for farm tractors
|Sep 7, 1950
|Sep 2, 1952
|Murray Corp
|Reinforced central tunnel for x-member of chassis frame
|Jun 22, 1945
|Sep 30, 1952
|Adolph Ronning
|Vehicle wheel compensating suspension
|Sep 14, 1950
|Dec 16, 1952
|Getz Alfred J
|Wheel raising and lowering mechanism for boat trailers
|Nov 20, 1950
|Mar 17, 1953
|Wheel suspension
|Apr 24, 1950
|Mar 24, 1953
|King William W
|Wheeled attachment for transporting boats
|Sep 26, 1950
|Jun 9, 1953
|Daisy A Linn
|Vehicle axle
|Aug 10, 1951
|Jul 20, 1954
|American Steel Foundries
|Axle assembly with removable spring means
|Jun 8, 1951
|Apr 12, 1955
|Arthur G Schramm
|Elevatable bed automotive vehicles
|Jan 26, 1951
|Apr 12, 1955
|Hickman Developments Inc
|Spring suspension for vehicles
|Jan 29, 1953
|Jan 10, 1956
|Porsche Kg
|Independent wheel suspensions for the steerable wheels of motor vehicles
|Dec 1, 1953
|Apr 3, 1956
|Schaefer George F
|Wheel suspension of the lever and coil type
|Feb 7, 1955
|Aug 28, 1956
|Ford Motor Co
|Independent front wheel suspension for motor vehicle
|Sep 27, 1954
|Jan 29, 1957
|South Texas Truck Equipment Co
|Wheel mountings for trailers and the like
|Feb 28, 1955
|Jun 4, 1957
|Smith Corp A O
|Side rail construction for a vehicle frame
|Dec 30, 1955
|Sep 17, 1957
|Mascaro Thomas C
|Trailer having vertically adjustable wheels and hitch
|Jan 12, 1956
|Sep 24, 1957
|Tegeler Albert W
|Boat trailers
|Sep 19, 1956
|Feb 4, 1958
|Joseph Pesta
|Boat trailer
|Apr 13, 1954
|Feb 4, 1958
|Lires Raymond G
|Vehicle suspension system
|Oct 5, 1953
|Mar 4, 1958
|Brooks Walker
|Remotely controlled auxiliary spring suspension
|Dec 21, 1956
|Nov 25, 1958
|Adolph E Hulcher
|Trailer chassis lowering means
|Jan 2, 1958
|Dec 2, 1958
|Edwards Equipment
|Straddle carrier
|May 23, 1955
|Dec 2, 1958
|Eisenhauer Mfg Company
|By-pass arrangement for vehicle suspension
|Aug 16, 1954
|Dec 23, 1958
|Maloney Clifford B
|Chassis for trailers
|Dec 19, 1955
|Jan 27, 1959
|Delphi Products Company Inc
|Combination vehicle
|Oct 7, 1955
|Mar 10, 1959
|Baldwin Charles M
|Retractible wheel structure for boats
|Sep 15, 1955
|Mar 10, 1959
|Alton N Parker
|Boat-carrying trailer
|Oct 16, 1956
|Mar 10, 1959
|Gouirand Rene
|Pneumatic suspension for motor vehicles
|Jan 16, 1957
|Jun 30, 1959
|Edmond Langeais
|Front end suspension system for vehicles
|Jul 9, 1956
|Nov 24, 1959
|Gouirand Rene
|Combination chassis frame and pneumatic suspension for vehicles
|Mar 7, 1956
|Dec 8, 1959
|Ford Motor Co
|Fluid pressure suspension for motor vehicles
|Feb 4, 1958
|Dec 13, 1960
|Smith Corp A O
|Vehicle frame
|Apr 19, 1960
|Mar 28, 1961
|Raymond Bainbridge Frank
|Flat bar torsion spring suspension assembly for trailers
|Jun 24, 1960
|Jun 13, 1961
|Boyles Elmo N
|Kenee-action dead axle wheel suspension
|Sep 29, 1958
|Apr 24, 1962
|Towmotor Corp
|Wheeled vehicle supporting mechanism
|Nov 10, 1960
|Sep 18, 1962
|Budd Co
|Automobile body construction
|Feb 16, 1960
|Nov 13, 1962
|Towner Mfg Company
|Disc hitch and wheel control system
|Aug 2, 1961
|Feb 19, 1963
|Hawker Siddeley Canada Ltd
|Independent rear suspension for semi-trailers
|Jan 23, 1961
|Jul 2, 1963
|Owens Walter J
|Independent torsion bar susepnsion unit
|Aug 17, 1960
|Oct 29, 1963
|Daimler Benz Ag
|Frame construction for vehicles
|Dec 19, 1960
|Dec 10, 1963
|Clifford K Brown
|Boat trailer
|Feb 20, 1961
|Apr 28, 1964
|Pullman Inc
|Highway-railway transportation apparatus
|May 11, 1961
|Jul 14, 1964
|Neway Equipment Co
|Suspension for automotive vehicles
|Jan 24, 1963
|Sep 1, 1964
|Raymo James W
|Trailer suspension system
|Aug 20, 1962
|Sep 22, 1964
|Smith Corp A O
|Motor vehicle having increased ground clearance level floor space
|Mar 11, 1959
|Mar 2, 1965
|Daimler Benz Ag
|Motor vehicle safety frame
|Jun 3, 1963
|Apr 27, 1965
|Moller Bynum W
|Trailer-garage for golf buggies
|Mar 1, 1962
|May 4, 1965
|Ford Motor Co
|Closed hydraulic leveling system for motor vehicle
|Sep 5, 1963
|Aug 17, 1965
|Applic Ind Commerciales Et Imm
|Automobile vehicle suspension
|Jun 17, 1963
|Oct 5, 1965
|Wilbert Jackson George
|Shoring jack
|Mar 10, 1964
|Oct 26, 1965
|Moye Robert W
|Aug 28, 1964
|Apr 19, 1966
|Challenge Cook Bros Inc
|Transit mixer dolly
|Dec 12, 1963
|Jun 7, 1966
|Carl Voorhies
|Powered spring suspension
|May 26, 1964
|Sep 6, 1966
|Evans George D
|Bogie action torsion bar suspension system
|Jul 13, 1964
|Sep 6, 1966
|Timmer Hillis J
|Truck suspension system
|Feb 24, 1964
|Oct 11, 1966
|Daimler Benz Ag
|Wheel suspension for retarding nosediving and pitching of the vehicle body
|Jan 24, 1964
|Nov 1, 1966
|Barth Robert E
|Vehicular frame and method of construction
|Jan 20, 1964
|Apr 18, 1967
|William Bothwell Peter
|Low-loading road vehicle
|Sep 14, 1964
|Jul 18, 1967
|Porsche Kg
|Vehicle body
|Jun 10, 1965
|Jul 25, 1967
|Neway Equipment Co
|Suspension for automotive vehicles
|Sep 17, 1965
|Oct 3, 1967
|John Ulicki
|Horse trailer
|Oct 20, 1965
|Dec 5, 1967
|Wendell Taylor Ralph
|Underslung wheel suspension systems
|Apr 1, 1966
|Jan 2, 1968
|Lloyd J. Wolf
|Tandem wheel suspension
|Dec 2, 1966
|May 21, 1968
|Alan V. Diehl
|Trailer suspension assembly
|May 16, 1966
|Oct 15, 1968
|American Coleman Company
|Integrated tractor and trailer
|Sep 8, 1966
|Oct 21, 1969
|Daimler Benz Ag
|Axle arrangement for automotive vehicles
|Jan 16, 1968
|Nov 11, 1969
|Gen Motors Corp
|Auxiliary road wheel assembly
|Aug 8, 1968
|Oct 20, 1970
|Smith Corp A O
|Universal crossmember for laddertype vehicle frame
|Mar 20, 1969
|Feb 16, 1971
|Davis George Gordon
|Aug 16, 1968
|Apr 6, 1971
|Daimler Benz Ag
|Axle suspension, especially for the rear axle of motor vehicles
|Feb 14, 1969
|May 11, 1971
|Krupp Gmbh
|Vehicle with frame adapted to be raised and lowered
|Sep 30, 1969
|Aug 24, 1971
|Mechanical Services Trailer En
|Road-vehicle suspension systems
|Oct 31, 1969
|Aug 24, 1971
|Vehicle rear assembly
|Sep 25, 1969
|Oct 5, 1971
|Beyer D G Inc
|Auxiliary load distributing and stabilizing assembly
|Nov 4, 1970
|May 9, 1972
|Mitsubishi Motors Corp
|Rear body construction for an automobile
|Nov 19, 1970
|May 16, 1972
|Us Army
|Quick emplacement gun carriage mechanism
|Aug 25, 1970
|Jun 27, 1972
|Rearwheel unit of a vehicle having independent wheels and trailing links
|Jan 16, 1970
|Aug 22, 1972
|Cci Corp
|Load transfer dolly
|Nov 27, 1970
|Sep 5, 1972
|Pneumo Dynamics Corp
|Variable height vehicle suspension
|Nov 4, 1970
|Nov 28, 1972
|Rear wheel arrangement having trailing arms for an automobile vehicle
|Feb 3, 1971
|Dec 5, 1972
|Gen Trailer Co Inc
|Vehicle axle suspension
|Jan 28, 1971
|Jan 30, 1973
|Mercadante J
|Air suspension with tapered air bag
|Feb 16, 1971
|May 29, 1973
|Citroen Sa
|Axle with independent wheels
|Oct 6, 1971
|Jun 5, 1973
|Barge J
|Torsion bar suspension system
|Aug 3, 1971
|Jul 17, 1973
|Raymond Lee Organization Inc
|Auxiliary bumper impact protector
|Jan 12, 1972
|Aug 7, 1973
|Fuchs J Kg
|Vehicle with individual wheel suspension
|Jan 25, 1971
|Aug 14, 1973
|Mcwhorter H
|Retractable and detachable wheel assembly
|Aug 9, 1971
|Aug 14, 1973
|Meinecke C
|Axle assembly for vehicles
|Dec 17, 1971
|Oct 9, 1973
|Rockwell H Brown
|Combination frame and exhaust system for motor vehicles
|May 8, 1972
|Nov 20, 1973
|Peerless Mfg Co
|Vehicle suspension assembly
|Sep 13, 1972
|Dec 11, 1973
|Citroen Sa
|Suspensions for vehicles
|Oct 14, 1971
|Dec 18, 1973
|Malcolm G
|Suspension systems
|Apr 24, 1972
|Dec 25, 1973
|Jones V
|Trailing arm suspension system
|Apr 12, 1971
|Jan 8, 1974
|Stone E
|Vehicle trailer
|Jul 10, 1972
|Jan 29, 1974
|Rumell J
|Transport vehicle with portable cargo container
|Dec 26, 1972
|Feb 26, 1974
|Hickman A
|Independent wheel vehicle spring suspension
|Jun 12, 1972
|Mar 19, 1974
|Stoutco Inc
|Axled vehicle support frame assembly
|Jul 21, 1972
|Apr 30, 1974
|Buta J
|Vehicle wheel support
|Jan 11, 1971
|May 21, 1974
|Kolof Holding Ltd
|Vertical lift trailer
|Dec 15, 1972
|Jun 28, 1974
|Moultan Dev Ltd
|Vehicle rear wheel suspension arrangement
|Nov 6, 1972
|Jul 9, 1974
|Mercadante J
|Air suspension with tapered air bag
|Jun 25, 1973
|Aug 13, 1974
|Mercadante J
|Combined vehicle chassis and air suspension system
|Aug 15, 1973
|Aug 27, 1974
|Ow G
|Retractable wheel assembly
|Jan 30, 1973
|Feb 18, 1975
|Nelson Charles C
|Suspension for utility trailer
|May 22, 1973
|Feb 25, 1975
|Citroen Sa
|Vehicle suspensions
|Dec 21, 1973
|Mar 25, 1975
|Vehicules Ind Et D Equipement
|Modular frame assembly for vehicle
|May 10, 1974
|Apr 29, 1975
|Fruehauf Corp
|Integral trailer suspension crossmember support - air reservoir structure
|Dec 17, 1973
|May 20, 1975
|Wagner Ray B
|Semitrailer or the like
|Oct 21, 1974
|Jun 24, 1975
|Travel Equipment Corp
|Travel trailer frame and suspension
|Feb 7, 1973
|Aug 19, 1975
|Olsen Axle & Equipment Company
|Vehicle stabilized for heavy duty use
|Oct 4, 1974
|Sep 9, 1975
|Ford Motor Co
|Vehicle suspension bumper
|Aug 26, 1974
|Nov 11, 1975
|Kirkland Arthur C
|Vehicle suspension
|Nov 29, 1974
|Mar 16, 1976
|Herrman Arthur L
|Suspension system
|Mar 6, 1975
|Jun 8, 1976
|American Carrier Equipment, Inc.
|Suspension unit
|Nov 8, 1974
|Jun 29, 1976
|Carr James P
|Vehicle suspension
|Jun 10, 1974
|Aug 17, 1976
|Kopaska Larry A
|Baled hay transporter
|Dec 4, 1974
|Nov 16, 1976
|Paul Etienne Rene Legueu
|Rigid chassis for air transportable vehicle
|Jan 29, 1976
|Feb 22, 1977
|Fairfield Engineering And Manufacturing Company
|Stock trailer
|Jan 9, 1976
|Jun 28, 1977
|Wasiliy Chereda
|Trailer for transporting motorcycles
|Dec 1, 1975
|Aug 2, 1977
|Vin Jean Pierre
|Vehicle drive train
|Mar 31, 1976
|Aug 9, 1977
|British Leyland Uk Limited
|Vehicle chassis
|Dec 22, 1975
|Sep 13, 1977
|Leonel Prive
|Vehicle suspension
|May 3, 1976
|Nov 15, 1977
|Schramm Arthur G
|Elevating trailer
|Jan 20, 1976
|Nov 29, 1977
|Eugene A. LeBoeuf
|Lift bed trailer suspension subframe
|Jan 20, 1976
|Dec 6, 1977
|Eugene A. LeBoeuf
|Transport lock for lift bed trailer
|May 19, 1976
|Dec 20, 1977
|Anderson Roland N
|Surface effect vehicle
|Oct 14, 1975
|Dec 20, 1977
|Olson Leroy C
|Trailer for farm machinery
|Aug 2, 1976
|Dec 20, 1977
|Diesel Equipment Limited
|Dump truck load transfer device
|Aug 19, 1976
|Dec 27, 1977
|United States Steel Corporation
|Vehicle wheel suspension assembly
|Sep 20, 1976
|Apr 25, 1978
|Lucas Industries Limited
|Vehicle suspension system
|Jan 31, 1977
|May 16, 1978
|Gustave Ehrenberg
|Self-propelled land vehicle
|Sep 22, 1976
|Jun 20, 1978
|Smith Marjorie Ann M
|Trailer frame
|Oct 28, 1976
|Sep 19, 1978
|Laszlo Finta
|Motor vehicle with special arrangement of front wheels, front door, driver's cabin and engine
|Aug 18, 1977
|Dec 26, 1978
|Manning Donald L
|Vehicle entrance ramp
|Jun 15, 1977
|May 22, 1979
|Matter, Inc.
|Rear wheel suspension system for straddle carriers
|Apr 14, 1978
|Sep 4, 1979
|Turner Quick-Lift Corporation
|Axle suspension for wheeled vehicles
|Nov 29, 1976
|Sep 18, 1979
|Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft
|Independent wheel suspension for rear wheels of automobiles, especially passenger cars
|Mar 2, 1978
|Oct 23, 1979
|Granning Suspensions, Inc.
|Vehicle suspension lift system
|Sep 7, 1978
|May 13, 1980
|Motor Wheel Corporation
|Tandem axle suspension system
|Sep 25, 1978
|Oct 28, 1980
|Caterpillar Tractor Co.
|Vehicle suspension system
|Jan 31, 1979
|Nov 4, 1980
|National Custom Van Corp.
|Method of converting a van-type vehicle to a multi-passenger commercial transportation vehicle
|Sep 20, 1979
|Feb 3, 1981
|Manning Donald L
|Heavy-duty suspension system
|Mar 5, 1979
|Feb 24, 1981
|Egging Theodore C
|Tandem wheel suspension system
|Jun 18, 1979
|Apr 14, 1981
|Warne Jr John P
|Fully triangulated, individual wheel suspension system
|Feb 21, 1979
|Jun 16, 1981
|Sheller-Globe Corporation
|Vehicle suspension system
|May 11, 1979
|Jul 28, 1981
|Rogge Gail E
|Third axle attachment for motor vehicles
|Dec 31, 1979
|Nov 24, 1981
|Schoeffler William N
|High-low trailer
|Sep 8, 1980
|Jul 13, 1982
|Lamb Charles A
|Apparatus for accommodating wheelchairs in public transportation vehicles
|Aug 5, 1980
|Aug 10, 1982
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration
|Low-drag ground vehicle particularly suited for use in safely transporting livestock
|Dec 30, 1981
|Dec 27, 1983
|Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc.
|Suspension for a tractor-scraper
|Jan 21, 1982
|Jan 24, 1984
|Raidel Jr John E
|Vehicle suspension with rigid torque beam
|Apr 10, 1981
|Mar 6, 1984
|General Motors Corporation
|Rear axle for vehicles especially motor vehicles
|Sep 30, 1982
|Aug 14, 1984
|Raidel Sr John E
|U-Joint mount and lateral guide for air spring suspension
|Feb 25, 1982
|Aug 28, 1984
|Woods Lonnie K
|Computer optimized adaptive suspension system having combined shock absorber/air spring unit
|May 25, 1982
|Sep 11, 1984
|Willy Scheuerle Fahrzeugfabrik Gmbh & Co.
|Fluid-operated supporting arrangement and a conduit breakage safety device
|Jan 7, 1983
|Sep 25, 1984
|Societe Nationale Industrielle Et Aerospatiale
|Wheel suspension for vehicles
|Mar 24, 1982
|Nov 20, 1984
|Lucas Industries Public Limited Company
|Self-levelling suspension
|Apr 20, 1983
|Dec 18, 1984
|Societe' Nationale Industrielle Aerospatial
|Vehicle suspension incorporating oscillating arms
|Jan 17, 1983
|Apr 9, 1985
|Mazda Motor Corporation
|Lower body structure of cab-over type automobiles
|Jun 10, 1983
|Jul 9, 1985
|Saturn Machine & Welding Co., Inc.
|Vehicle with selectively useable wheel sets
|Nov 9, 1983
|Jul 23, 1985
|Raidel John E
|Dual stub axle air spring suspension with high-axle hydraulic lift
|Sep 16, 1983
|Sep 17, 1985
|Raidel John E
|Air spring suspension with angular torque beam, U-joint mount therefor, and lateral guides
|Sep 22, 1983
|Dec 17, 1985
|Straub Gerald J
|Fluid circuit means for elevating the rear end of an air ride truck trailer
|Nov 13, 1984
|Apr 8, 1986
|Roelofs Robert E
|Air suspension system for the rear end of a motor home
|Aug 20, 1984
|Apr 8, 1986
|Smith Williams Margie M
|Flat bar torsion spring assembly for trailers and other vehicles
|Oct 12, 1984
|Jun 10, 1986
|Rubery Owen-Rockwell Limited
|Running gear for a trailer vehicle
|Oct 15, 1984
|Jun 24, 1986
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Exhaust support system
|Feb 6, 1985
|Oct 7, 1986
|Lear Siegler, Inc.
|Suspension for automotive vehicles
|Apr 19, 1985
|Oct 28, 1986
|Routledge James H
|Retractable wheel suspension apparatus
|Oct 29, 1984
|Nov 18, 1986
|The Firestone Tire & Rubber Company
|Dual trailing arm vehicle suspension system
|Dec 5, 1985
|Dec 23, 1986
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Vehicle height adjusting device
|Dec 6, 1985
|May 19, 1987
|Fahrzeugbau Langendorf Gmbh & Co., Kg
|Inside loader, embodied as a semi-trailer for a tractor truck, for over-the-road transport frames, in particular for transporting flat glass
|Nov 1, 1985
|Jun 9, 1987
|Valentino Ribi
|Elastic suspension for the rear wheels of motor vehicles
|Jun 10, 1985
|Jun 16, 1987
|Shiels J Michael
|Lift/tilt-bed trailer
|Aug 26, 1985
|Jun 23, 1987
|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha
|Frame structure for vehicle body
|Jul 18, 1985
|Jun 30, 1987
|C&K Venture Income I-Coast
|Air spring position switch
|Feb 20, 1986
|Aug 11, 1987
|Transpec Inc.
|Vehicle entrance ramp
|Jan 23, 1987
|Nov 10, 1987
|Mcneilus Truck And Manufacturing, Inc.
|Tag axle assembly for work vehicle
|Feb 26, 1986
|Nov 24, 1987
|Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha
|Suspension for off-road motor vehicles
|Oct 7, 1986
|Jan 12, 1988
|Raidel John E
|Heavy vehicle suspension with unitized narrow profile bolster beam hanger assembly and outboard spring mount
|Jul 19, 1985
|Feb 16, 1988
|Gkn Technology Limited
|Vehicle suspension
|Apr 14, 1986
|Apr 12, 1988
|Lear Siegler, Inc.
|Air suspension system with automatic air exhaust and inflation
|Apr 18, 1986
|Jun 21, 1988
|Luigi Zenna
|Motorcycle trailer apparatus
|Dec 8, 1986
|Jul 26, 1988
|Silentride Suspensions Limited
|Air suspension system
|Jul 6, 1987
|Aug 9, 1988
|Mcneilus Truck And Manufacturing, Inc.
|Tag axle assembly for work vehicles
|Jan 9, 1987
|Aug 16, 1988
|Chalin Thomas N
|Trailer dump stop and stabilizer
|Sep 15, 1987
|Mar 14, 1989
|Comet Trailer Corp.
|Rear wheel suspension system for straddle carriers
|Nov 23, 1987
|Aug 15, 1989
|Scott Harold C
|Self propelled carrier
|Mar 23, 1988
|Nov 7, 1989
|Dbx Corporation
|Trailer suspension apparatus
|Jun 30, 1987
|Feb 6, 1990
|Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Low slung small vehicle
|Oct 17, 1988
|Feb 20, 1990
|Nissan Motor Company, Limited
|Height control system in automotive suspension system performing attitude change suppressive control and height regulating control with high response characteristics in height adjustment
|Mar 23, 1988
|Apr 10, 1990
|Richard Fraser
|Self-propelled mobile cradle for boats
|Feb 27, 1989
|Jun 5, 1990
|Walker Jr James W
|Vehicle suspension
|Feb 22, 1989
|Jun 19, 1990
|Dbx Corporation
|Trailer suspension apparatus
|Jul 17, 1989
|Aug 7, 1990
|Dlma Transportation Inc.
|Rear suspension
|Jun 29, 1988
|Aug 21, 1990
|Mazda Motor Corporation
|Automobile rear underbody structure
|Oct 30, 1989
|Feb 5, 1991
|Chrysler Corporation
|Independent rear suspension
|Dec 28, 1989
|May 14, 1991
|Ridewell Corporation
|Elevating, reversible self-steering suspension system
|Apr 2, 1990
|May 21, 1991
|Dbx Corporation
|Trailer suspension apparatus
|Sep 30, 1988
|Jul 30, 1991
|Hynbrood Pty. Limited
|Utility vehicle chassis having a vertically adjustable bed
|Jul 1, 1988
|Sep 24, 1991
|Stroemberg Gunnar
|Arrangement for a closeable cargo holder of the container type
|Aug 6, 1990
|Oct 1, 1991
|Lufkin Industries, Inc.
|Vehicle suspension safety system
|May 21, 1990
|Jan 28, 1992
|Neway Corp.
|Suspension with stiffener arm
|Dec 3, 1990
|Feb 25, 1992
|Mcneilus Truck And Manufacturing, Inc.
|Tag axle for refuse truck
|Nov 8, 1989
|Mar 10, 1992
|Yamaha Hatsudoki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Low slung small vehicle
|Sep 19, 1990
|May 19, 1992
|Coachmen Industries, Inc.
|Recreational vehicle frame
|Feb 4, 1991
|Sep 22, 1992
|A. O. Smith Corporation
|Split rear truck frame
|Dec 31, 1991
|Dec 29, 1992
|Mazda Motor Corporation
|Automobile rear body structure
|Aug 12, 1991
|Jan 12, 1993
|Dennis Zeman
|Emergency rescue vehicle
|Oct 18, 1991
|Mar 23, 1993
|Horst Eckert
|Device for obtaining an axle-load signal from a drive axle of a lifting axle structure
|Sep 14, 1992
|Nov 16, 1993
|Abb Henschel Waggon Union Gmbh
|Drop-frame urban rapid transit car
|Feb 5, 1992
|Jan 4, 1994
|Dbx Engineering Corporation
|Trailer suspension apparatus
|Dec 4, 1992
|Apr 19, 1994
|Prime Technologies, Inc.
|Tag axle with rearwardly extending support framework
|Sep 9, 1992
|May 3, 1994
|A. O. Smith Corporation
|Vehicle frame with overlapped sections
|Mar 6, 1991
|Jul 26, 1994
|Otto Sauer Achsenfabrik Keilberg
|Motor vehicle axle suspension
|Nov 25, 1992
|Aug 30, 1994
|Four Winds International Corporation
|Shock-absorbing vehicle frame/chassis mounting system
|Mar 25, 1993
|Nov 8, 1994
|Audi A.G.
|Suspension seating for a vehicle bodywork
|Jun 26, 1992
|Nov 15, 1994
|Mazda Motor Corporation
|Rear portion structure of vehicle
|Apr 20, 1994
|Nov 22, 1994
|The Boler Company
|Axle suspension systems
|Apr 20, 1993
|Dec 27, 1994
|Fleener; Alfred C.
|Automatic air bag controller
|Sep 23, 1992
|Jan 3, 1995
|Oshkosh Truck Corporation
|Suspension system for trailer
|Mar 30, 1992
|Jan 10, 1995
|Terry; Mel
|Material-handling equipment
|Nov 17, 1993
|Jan 10, 1995
|Portilla; Mario
|Carrier for transporting goods
|Jan 6, 1993
|Feb 21, 1995
|New Flyer Industries Limited
|Hydraulically operated bus ramp mechanism
|Jul 16, 1993
|Apr 25, 1995
|Kent Manufacturing, Co.
|Tillage implement with gauge wheel linked to wing lifting and self-leveling mechanism
|Sep 16, 1993
|May 9, 1995
|Cannondale Corporation
|Bicycle with trailing arm wheel suspensions
|Jul 12, 1993
|May 16, 1995
|Abb Henschel Waggon Union Gmbh
|Running gear for drop-frame rail vehicles
|Nov 29, 1993
|Jul 18, 1995
|Raba Magyar Vagon & Gepgyar Rt
|Axle assembly for vehicles in portal arrangement
|Mar 7, 1994
|Aug 22, 1995
|Consol Inc.
|Suspension system
|Mar 24, 1994
|Dec 19, 1995
|Mazda Motor Corporation
|Undercarriage structure of motor vehicle
|Feb 4, 1994
|Apr 9, 1996
|Dbx Engineering Corp.
|Four-wheel drive and steering system for dropframe vechicles
|Aug 24, 1994
|Apr 9, 1996
|Suspensions Incorporated
|Road-railer suspension system having a spring lift and a stabilizer bar
|Jan 20, 1995
|Jul 30, 1996
|Suspensions Incorporated
|Tag axle assembly
|Feb 16, 1994
|Oct 1, 1996
|Nowell; Corbett W.
|Modular squatdown wheeled suspension system
|Apr 21, 1993
|Nov 26, 1996
|Kobasic; Richard A.
|Multipurpose highway vehicle
|Mar 2, 1995
|Jan 28, 1997
|Mcneilus Truck And Manufacturing, Inc.
|Steerable tag axle
|Nov 29, 1994
|Apr 8, 1997
|Rosenkranz; Volker H.
|Street vehicle for passenger and cargo transport facilitating loading and discharge
|Apr 5, 1996
|May 27, 1997
|Cosma International Inc.
|Ladder frame assembly for a motor vehicle
|Oct 9, 1996
|Oct 7, 1997
|Mascotech Tublular Products, Inc.
|Process of hydroforming tubular suspension and frame components for vehicles
|Jun 3, 1996
|Oct 14, 1997
|Haustein; Norman E.
|Low floor vehicle ramp
|Apr 19, 1996
|Nov 4, 1997
|Suspensions Incorporated
|Suspension system and alignment mechanism therefor
|May 9, 1996
|Nov 25, 1997
|Suspensions Incorporated
|Suspension system with improved beam
|Nov 9, 1995
|Feb 3, 1998
|Mcneilus Truck And Manufacturing, Inc.
|Tag axle latching mechanism
|Dec 12, 1995
|Feb 17, 1998
|St. Onge; Daniel R.
|Longitudinally and vertically adjustable axle assembly
|Dec 6, 1996
|Feb 17, 1998
|Suspensions, Inc.
|Vehicle suspension system
|May 17, 1995
|Feb 24, 1998
|The Boler Company
|Movable subframe for tractor-trailers
|Aug 2, 1996
|Apr 14, 1998
|Burke; Edmund D.
|Vehicle based independent tracking system
|Dec 2, 1996
|May 5, 1998
|Rockwell Heavy Vehicle Suspension Systems, Inc.
|Center beam suspension system
|Oct 27, 1995
|Jun 2, 1998
|Chrysler Corporation
|Rubber torsion front suspension spring for lightweight motor vehicle
|May 9, 1996
|Aug 4, 1998
|Suspensions Incorporated
|Suspension system with laminated beams
|Dec 2, 1996
|Aug 11, 1998
|Rockwell Heavy Vehicle Suspension Systems, Inc.
|Single beam suspension system
|Feb 24, 1997
|Sep 22, 1998
|Wellman; Philip
|Ground level loading trailer
|Feb 10, 1997
|Oct 13, 1998
|Workman Industries Pty Limited
|Wheel suspension assembly
|Mar 24, 1997
|Oct 13, 1998
|Suspensions Incorporated
|Vehicle suspension system
|Mar 21, 1997
|Nov 17, 1998
|Specialty Products, Inc.
|Device and method for adjusting camber and/or toe
|Jan 31, 1997
|Nov 24, 1998
|Dbx Engineering Corporation
|Leaf spring wheel suspension system
|Aug 30, 1996
|Dec 8, 1998
|Meritor Heavy Vehicle Suspension Systems, Inc.
|Spring beam suspension system
|Nov 28, 1997
|Dec 29, 1998
|Suspensions Incorporated
|Lift mechanism for vehicle suspensions
|Oct 9, 1996
|Jan 5, 1999
|Capehart; Jeffrey L.
|Elevator suspension and method of use
|Dec 6, 1996
|Jan 19, 1999
|Tooling Technology Centre, Inc.
|Independent leaf spring suspension for vehicle with lift box
|Mar 13, 1997
|Jan 26, 1999
|Mahvi; A. Pascal
|Retractable and extendable wheel assembly
|Dec 2, 1996
|Feb 9, 1999
|Rockwell Heavy Vehicle Suspension Systems, Inc.
|Lift mechanism for vehicle suspensions
|Dec 14, 1995
|Mar 16, 1999
|Dr. Ing. H.C.F. Porsche Ag
|Process for manufacturing a body structure for a convertible
|Mar 24, 1997
|Mar 16, 1999
|Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, Llc
|Vehicle suspension system
|May 22, 1996
|Mar 30, 1999
|Anadarko Bank & Trust Company
|Squatdown axle and suspension system
|Nov 28, 1997
|Jun 1, 1999
|Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, Llc
|Center beam suspension system
|Nov 28, 1997
|Jun 29, 1999
|Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, Llc
|Lift mechanism for vehicle suspensions
|Aug 28, 1997
|Jul 13, 1999
|Chrysler Corporation
|Front suspension system with substantially horizontal shock absorber
|Jun 10, 1997
|Aug 17, 1999
|Scarab Manufacturing And Leasing, Inc.
|Pivotable wheel mounting system and method thereof
|May 6, 1997
|Aug 31, 1999
|Meritor Heavy Vehicle Systems, Llc
|Integrated axle suspension anti-roll arrangement for push-pull suspension
|May 2, 1997
|Sep 7, 1999
|Daimler-Benz Ag
|Commercial vehicle having a driver's cab and a transport container separated therefrom
|Apr 17, 1997
|Sep 14, 1999
|Chrysler Corporation
|Impact reinforcement for curved rails in motor vehicles
|Aug 11, 1997
|Nov 23, 1999
|Meritor Heavy Vehicle Suspension Systems, Inc.
|Suspension system with integral box beam
|Oct 22, 1998
|Apr 18, 2000
|Wilson; Robert L.
|Trailer and method
|Jun 10, 1997
|May 30, 2000
|Kallstrom; Ervin C.
|Pneumatic trailer system
|Jul 16, 1998
|Jun 13, 2000
|Neway Anchorlok International, Inc.
|Trailing arm suspension
|Sep 25, 1997
|Sep 5, 2000
|Chrysler Corporation
|Closed loop vehicle frame structure for laterally spaced suspension components
|Jun 3, 1997
|Sep 26, 2000
|Mcneilus Truck And Manufacturing, Inc.
|Tag axle system
|Mar 12, 1999
|Nov 7, 2000
|Arboc Ltd.
|Low load floor trailer and suspension system
|May 29, 1998
|Dec 12, 2000
|Fluidrive, Inc.
|Lift axle assembly
|Jul 1, 1999
|Jan 9, 2001
|Robert Allen Jones
|Wheel suspension attachment assembly
|Apr 15, 1998
|Feb 13, 2001
|Lift-U, Division Of Hogan Mfg., Inc.
|Low floor vehicle ramp assembly
|May 15, 1998
|Feb 20, 2001
|F. S. New Products Inc.
|Compact, trailing, auxiliary axle system
|Aug 17, 1998
|Apr 3, 2001
|Ford Global Technologies, Inc.
|Method for manufacturing a rear structure for a motor vehicle
|May 20, 1998
|Apr 10, 2001
|The Boler Company
|Vehicle trailer frame cross member/suspension assembly mount
|Dec 22, 1995
|May 22, 2001
|Workman Industries Pty Ltd.
|Trailing arm leaf spring wheel suspension
|May 11, 1999
|May 29, 2001
|Boydstun Metal Works, Inc.
|Independent suspension for a vehicle
|Dec 20, 1999
|Jun 26, 2001
|Ronald P. Casso
|Trailer construction method
|May 18, 2000
|Oct 9, 2001
|Daimlerchrysler Corporation
|Lightweight vehicle frame construction using stiff torque boxes
|Mar 1, 2000
|Nov 6, 2001
|Rex Vandenberg
|Bale loader
|Sep 23, 1998
|Apr 2, 2002
|The Gates Corporation
|Independent suspension and drive arrangement and vehicles incorporating same
|Sep 24, 1999
|Apr 16, 2002
|Mcneilus Truck And Manufacturing, Inc.
|Axle pressure control system
|Jun 1, 2000
|May 21, 2002
|Digonis Michael K.
|Vehicle adapted for taxicab and livery cab purposes
|May 25, 1999
|Jun 4, 2002
|Dallas Smith Corporation
|Axleless vehicle suspension system
|Feb 23, 2000
|Jul 9, 2002
|Fred P. Smith
|Lightweight, adjustable-height, axle
|Sep 1, 2000
|Aug 6, 2002
|Dallas Smith Corporation
|Staggered independent suspension
|Apr 27, 2001
|Aug 27, 2002
|Joseph M. Higgins
|Convertible highway and rail freight vehicle
|Dec 20, 2001
|Dec 3, 2002
|Hyundai Motor Company
|Trailing arm mounting structure
|Nov 27, 2000
|Dec 17, 2002
|Spartan Motors, Inc.
|Vehicle chassis with integral drop deck
|Apr 9, 2001
|Jan 28, 2003
|Conception Et Developpement Michelin S.A.
|Vehicle having suspension system with variable camber and vertical suspension in the plane of the wheel
|Feb 27, 2001
|Feb 18, 2003
|William Rodgers Mayfield
|Tilting trailer suspension
|May 7, 2001
|Jun 10, 2003
|Greg R. Durrin
|Suspension system for a bicycle trailer
|Jul 9, 2001
|Jun 10, 2003
|U-Haul International, Inc.
|Sep 14, 1999
|Jul 1, 2003
|Meritor Heavy Vehicle Suspensions, Inc.
|Variable compliance bushing
|Apr 14, 2000
|Jul 8, 2003
|The Pullman Company
|One piece trailing arm for torsional springs
|Feb 6, 2001
|Jul 8, 2003
|Mattel, Inc.
|Toy vehicle with pivotally mounted side wheels
|Nov 16, 2001
|Dec 30, 2003
|Watson & Chalin Manufacturing, Inc.
|Tag axle suspension system for a dump vehicle
|Oct 8, 2001
|Jan 17, 2006
|Aloha, Llc
|Low profile chassis and suspension
|Jul 16, 2001
|Nov 29, 2001
|Smith Earl Dallas
|Staggered low profile suspension
|Oct 8, 2001
|Aug 8, 2002
|Smith Earl Dallas
|Low profile chassis and suspension
|Apr 24, 2001
|Oct 24, 2002
|Varela Tomaz Dopico
|Independent suspension system for a low floor vehicle
|Jun 24, 2002
|Jan 2, 2003
|Pavuk Gregory D.
|Suspension module for use with an independent suspension including semi-trailing arms with airbag supports
|Jun 18, 2002
|Jan 16, 2003
|Bartel James J.
|Low load floor motor vehicle
|Jul 1, 2002
|Jan 23, 2003
|Tan Pham
|Skate chassis with pitch adjustment
|Nov 7, 2002
|May 22, 2003
|Young-Gun Cho
|Trailing arm for absorbing lateral and axial forces in a suspension system of a vehicle
|Nov 29, 2001
|May 29, 2003
|Vandenberg Ervin
|Independent suspension system for light and medium duty vehicles
|Dec 12, 2001
|Jun 19, 2003
|Ragnar Ledesma
|Independent suspension undercarriage module for a low floor vehicle
|Jan 28, 2003
|Jun 19, 2003
|Crean Johnnie Robert
|Motorhome with increased interior ceiling height
|Dec 27, 2001
|Jul 3, 2003
|Hong-Chin Lin
|Skid steer vehicle with self-leveling suspension
|May 13, 2002
|Nov 13, 2003
|Emmons J. Bruce
|Low floor mass transit vehicle
|May 14, 2004
|Nov 17, 2005
|Ziech James F
|Semi-trailing arm high cube rear suspension
|Jan 30, 1987
|May 8, 1990
|Tow Pro, Inc.
|Vehicle towing trailer
|Nov 14, 1995
|Dec 17, 1996
|ATV trailer
|Jul 6, 1998
|Nov 30, 1999
|ATV utility hauling accessory
|Mar 3, 2000
|Dec 5, 2000
|Trailer attachment for a scooter
|May 5, 2000
|Jan 9, 2001
|Paul Demers & Fils Inc.
|Emergency vehicle
|Jun 20, 2002
|Apr 22, 2003
|Tyrone Harbin
|Vehicle rear exhaust support
|Oct 8, 2001
|Jan 27, 2004
|Aloha, Llc
|Vehicle chassis
|Jan 28, 1983
|Apr 19, 1988
|Trailer for an articulated vehicle
|May 27, 1999
|Feb 6, 2007
|Dallas Smith Corp.
|Axleless vehicle suspension system
|Mar 30, 2001
|Sep 30, 2002
|Norton Loblick
|Suspension for a trailer having stub axles
|Oct 23, 1928
|Krupp Ag
|Radgestell fuer Fahrzeuge
|Dec 20, 1937
|Kurt Schroeter
|Bremsgliedabstuetzung fuer Kraftfahrzeuge
|Aug 28, 1942
|Aug 31, 1953
|Daimler Benz Ag
|Achsanordnung fuer Kraftfahrzeuge
|Dec 7, 1939
|Oct 19, 1953
|Daimler Benz Ag
|Aufhaengung starrer Achsen, insbesondere fuer Kraftfahrzeuge
|Aug 27, 1942
|Nov 2, 1953
|Daimler Benz Ag
|Achsanordnung fuer Kraftfahrzeuge
|Sep 13, 1951
|Nov 15, 1951
|Kunst Und Werbebild Verlag Geb
|Bildanordnung zur darstellung eines handlungsfortganges.
|Sep 22, 1954
|Jan 10, 1957
|Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag
|Anordnung der federung, insbesondere der luftfederung fuer kraftfahrzeuge.
|Aug 20, 1980
|Mar 11, 1982
|Ruthmann Anton Gmbh & Co
|Lorry with lowering platform - has two-wheel swing arms fixed directly to sideways-telescoping mechanism
|May 25, 1992
|Dec 2, 1993
|Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen
|Wheel drive arrangement for omnibus - uses two part connecting shaft for drive to each wheel, running partly beneath entry threshold and partly forming drive connection
|Apr 26, 1985
|Nov 27, 1985
|Welgro B.V.
|Vehicle comprising an independently air suspended axle assembly, and axle assembly
|Jun 11, 1991
|Jan 8, 1992
|Bergische Achsenfabrik Fr. Kotz & S�hne
|Pneumatical suspension with longitudinal arms
|May 8, 1998
|Nov 10, 1999
|Prinoth S.r.l.
|Independent suspension, particularly for tracked vehicles
|Mar 22, 1995
|May 3, 2000
|Workman Industries Pty Ltd
|Suspension for vehicle with vertically adjustable loading bed
|Mar 22, 1995
|Jul 26, 2000
|Workman Industries Pty Ltd
|Suspension for vehicle with vertically adjustable loading bed
|Aug 6, 1998
|May 21, 2003
|Emmanuele Briscese
|Dec 17, 2001
|Jun 26, 2002
|MG Rover Group Limited
|Vehicle suspension systems
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|Jul 8, 1993
|Jan 20, 1994
|Lotus Cars Limited
|A vehicle suspension system
|Oct 19, 1993
|Apr 28, 1994
|Dowty Aerospace Gloucester Limited
|Suspension arrangement
|May 19, 1997
|Nov 27, 1997
|Robert Wright & Son Coachworks Ltd.
|Low floor bus
|Feb 22, 2000
|Sep 14, 2000
|Holland Neway International, Inc.
|Trailing arm suspension with anti-creep automatic reset
|Oct 16, 2000
|Apr 26, 2001
|Volvo Lastvagnar Ab
|Individual wheel suspension
|Feb 4, 2002
|Oct 10, 2002
|Wrightbus Limited
|Passenger service vehicle
|Nov 1, 2002
|May 15, 2003
|The Johns Hopkins University
|Suspension system for a vehicle with a tank for liquified gas
|Feb 1, 2002
|Jul 17, 2003
|Adam Zadok
|Anti-roll vehicle suspension
|1 page from website: www.geocities.com/cesargrau/suspensionwebpage-trailing; showing a trailing arm rear suspension.
|1 page from website: www.geocities.com/cesargrau/suspensionwebpage—trailing; showing a trailing arm rear suspension.
|2 pages from website: www.ukcar.com/features/tech/suspension/trailingarm.htm; UKCAR, Trailing arm and semi-trailing arm suspension.
|3 pages from website: www.fta.dot.gov/brt/guide/vehicle.html; BRT Reference Guide for Vehicle Design.
|4 pages from website: www.geocities.com/gkurka2001/CarTech/tech-suspension21.htm; Suspension Geometry-Independent Suspension, Trailing arm and Semi-trailing arm suspension.
|4 pages from website: www.geocities.com/gkurka2001/CarTech/tech—suspension21.htm; Suspension Geometry—Independent Suspension, Trailing arm and Semi-trailing arm suspension.
|4 pages from website: www.k12.nf.ca/gc/Staff/Teachers/Crummey/fiero/bumpsteer.htm; Fiero 2m4; The Bump Steer Story.
|5 pages from website: www.jhuapl.edu/programs/trans/ANGV.htm; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, ANGV Program.
|Bastow, Donald; Howard, Geoffrey; and Whitehead, John P.; Car Suspension and Handling, 4th ed., Chapters 7 & 8, pp. 187-229, 1993.
|Bosch Automotive Handbook, "Suspension linkage," pp. 620-623, 2000.
|Bosch Automotive Handbook, 5th ed., pp. 612-623, 2000.
|Chondros, T.G. et al.; Vehicle Dynamics Simulation and Suspension System Design; SAE Technical Paper Series, International Congress & Exposition, Detroit, MI Feb. 24-27, 1997.
|Cole, David J.; Fundamental Issues in Suspension Design for Heavy Road Vehicles; Vehicle System Dynamics 2001, vol. 35, No. 4-5, pp. 319-360.
|Crolla, D.A. et al.; Independent vs. Axle Suspension for On/Off Road Vehicles; SAE Technical Paper Series, International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress & Exposition, Milwaukee, WI, Sep. 14-17, 1992.
|Dana Corporation; Axles, Driveshafts, and Suspensions for Specialty Vehicles; Condensed Specifications (updated).
|Dana Corporation; Axles, Transmission, Torque Converters, Electronic Controls, and Driveshafts for Off-Highway Vehicles; Condensed Specifications, 2002.
|Dixon, John C.; Tires, Suspension and Handling, 2nd ed., Chapter 4, pp. 181-224, 1996.
|ElMadeny, M.M. et al.; Optimum Design of Tractor-Semitrailer Suspension Systems; SAE Paper #801419, 1980.
|Gillespie, Thomas D.; Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, Chapter 7, pp. 237-274, 1992.
|Glass, Jeffrey L.; Experimental Evaluation of a Trailing-Arm Suspension for Heavy Trucks; Thesis submitted to the Faculty of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, May 8, 2001.
|Goodsell, Don; Dictionary of Automotive Engineering, 2nd ed., pp. 114, 115, 190, 191, 230, and 231, 1995.
|Henry, O. Lee; Development of Air Suspension Systems for Highway Tractors and Trailers; SAE, National Combined Fuels and Lubricants and Transportation Meetings, Philadelphia, PA, Nov. 4-6, 1970.
|Horntrich, Herbert; Rear Suspension Design with Front Wheel Drive Vehicles; SAE Technical Paper Series, International Congress and Exposition, Cobo Hall, Detroit, MI, Feb. 23-27, 1981.
|Locke, W.S., Evolution of an Air Suspension System for Trucks; SAE, Automotive Engineering Congress, Detroit, MI, Jan. 10-14, 1972.
|Michelena, Nestor et al.; Design of an Advanced Heavy Tactical Trucks: A Target Cascading Case Study; SAE Technical Paper Series, International Truck and Bus Meeting and Exhibition, Chicago, IL, Nov. 12-14, 2001.
|Milliken, William F. and Milliken, Douglas L.; Race Car Vehicle Dynamics, Chapter 17, pp. 607-663, 1995.
|Milliken, William F.; Milliken, Douglas L., Race Car Vehicle Dynamics, "Independent Rear Suspensions," pp. 636-658, 1995.
|Mousseau, C.W. et al.; The effect of tyre and suspension dynamics on wheel spindle forces; Heavy Vehicle Systems, Int. J. of Vehicle Design, vol. 6, Nos. 1/4, 1999.
|Stone, Richard and Ball, Jeffrey K.; Automotive Engineering Fundamentals; Chapter 8, pp. 345-396, 2004.
|Transportation Research Board; Applicability of Low-Floor Light Rail Vehicles in North America; TCRP Report 2, 1995.
|Truck and Bus Chassis Suspension, Stability and Handling, SP-1651, published by Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., Nov. 2001.
|Vehicle Dynamics, Braking, Steering and Suspensions; SP-1814, published by Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., pp. 211-218, Nov. 2003.
|www.daihatsu.com/news/n2002/02101101/, Diahatsu: News, Toyota, Hino, Diahatsu to Highlight Environmental Technologies, Universal Mobility and Logistics Systems at Tokyo Motor Show, 9 pages.
|U.S. Classification
|280/124.111, 280/124.116, 280/124.128, 280/124.153, 280/124.134, 280/124.125
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 24, 2008
Owner name: ALOHA, LLC, INDIANA
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Owner name: ALOHA, LLC,INDIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:SMITH, EARL DALLAS;SMITH, JUDSON;REEL/FRAME:020692/0218
Effective date: 20060619
|Jun 22, 2010
Owner name: ALOHA, LLC,INDIANA
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|Sep 30, 2013
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4


text: Human Rights Observatory Iran Determined to Solve Nuclear Crisis Via Negotiations Iranian President Hassan Rouhani said on Monday that Iran was committed to solving a dispute over Tehran's nuclear program through negotiations, despite the little progress achieved in the latest round of talks in Vienna last week. "The goal of the Islamic Republic of Iran has and will be the pursuit of peaceful nuclear technology. We will pursue this right of our people," he said, according to official state media IRNA. "But at the same time, we want to pursue an agreement...Read complete article© Voice of America - Monday, May 19, 2014

subset: commoncrawl


text:
FOREIGN AFFAIRS; A Necessary Cold War?
By Flora Lewis
Published: February 24, 1990
PARIS— Unraveling the cold war is causing enormous concern and unease. The big headaches confronting Europe would have been settled long ago if World War II hopes had been fulfilled for maintaining at least friendly East-West relations, if not an actual alliance.
There's no counting the number of lives lost and ruined because of the cold war - in wars such as Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, Afghanistan, in repression, in suspicion that led to persecution in the West as well as the East. There's no counting the amount of resources wasted on huge armies and devastating weapons.
If hopes are fulfilled for an end to the global power-ideology conflict of the last four decades, future generations will wonder what drove their forefathers to such madness. Did they really mean to nuclearize each other out of existence? Did each side really imagine it had the ultimate answer to the good society and could only survive by doing in its rival?
Communism is an ideology, a system that claimed with ''scientific certainty'' that it knew how to resolve all social problems and that it had a monopoly on historical foresight. Capitalism was never more than a method for bringing together what it takes to produce - labor, tools, management - with no pretense that constant adjustment of the social machinery would not be necessary. The dispute wasn't between two creeds but between the messianic and the practical view of making things work.
Now Mikhail Gorbachev and his Foreign Minister, Eduard Shevardnadze, tell the world there is no difference in basic values. In that case, what was the fight about?
In Ottawa a week ago, Mr. Shevardnadze did admit that ''our country took too much time grappling with the dilemma'' of truth versus happiness, whether ''to prefer the anxiety of someone who knows the truth or the tranquillity of those who ignore it.'' And to prove the right choice had been made at last, he said candidly, ''Today our country is indeed sick.''
But having recognized ''universal human values and the dignity of the individual,'' having ''renounced force as an instrument for solving any domestic or foreign problems,'' seeking friends not enemies, he pronounced, ''Such a state has to survive.''
''We shall become not only a big and strong country but a genuinely comfortable and civilized home for women and men,'' he said.
Whether or not the Muscovite prediction comes closer to the target this time than when Stalin proclaimed the ''inevitable'' victory of Communism, or when Khrushchev told the West ''We will bury you,'' Mr. Shevardnadze's forecast had a different tone.
So the answer probably has to be that the cold war was, unfortunately, necessary. There were absurd excesses, of course, in the witch hunts, the secrecy, the military extravagance of the American response. It is strange now to recall what panic, what lack of confidence drove the democracies to feel they were in danger of being overwhelmed by Communist ideas, not only by Red armies.
There was an unacknowledged link between the Victorian idea of inevitable progress, the promise of the Industrial Revolution, and the Marxist idea of inevitable collapse, the demons of the Industrial Revolution devouring themselves. It stoked fears that the ideologists had a better crystal ball, or a master plan, that might be irresistible and therefore had to be resisted at any cost. President Kennedy pledged we would ''pay any price'' to preserve our own vision.
We may have paid more than required. But it is questionable that the understanding awakening in the world that there will always be problems, that utopias are mythical, would have been achieved without the demonstration that the cold war provoked. There is a more skeptical idea of progress now, a realization that there will always be trade-offs that bring pain as well as benefit.
The key lesson is not that righteousness will triumph - both sides wallowed in righteousness - but that there is need for a certain humility in establishing man's place. Perfect systems bring perfect disaster. Leaving room for error, and admitting error in ways that encourage correction, offer a better chance. That is the great strength of democracy, which isn't an ideology either but a way of enabling people to settle quarrels by argument instead of force.
There is still a yearning for a grand design, a guaranteed formula to discern and deflect the tide of history. It is a romantic notion, and while romantic ideals have their role as inspiration, they are the source of catastrophe when they are imposed by dreamers who acquire might. If it took the cold war to destroy the illusion that the grubby real world can be ignored, it was worth it. Now for getting on with everyday repairs, which make all the difference.


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Ottawa, ON
111 miles from Varennes
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Nepean, ON
113 miles from Varennes
Vary upbeat and lively band (link hidden) says it all
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Kemptville, ON
117 miles from Varennes
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Gardiner, ME
206 miles from Varennes
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Boston, MA
259 miles from Varennes
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Boston, MA
259 miles from Varennes
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Toronto, ON
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Toronto, ON
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RHA Behavioral Health Services
RHA Health Services provides a broad range of person-centered, integrated, and high-quality supports and services. RHA focuses on children and adults living with mental health and substance abuse challenges, as well as those living with intellectual & developmental disabilities. The people we serve and support in North Carolina, Tennessee, Georgia and Utah are at the very center of everything we do.
Founded in 1989, RHA began as a small collection of group homes in North Carolina developed to offer support to people with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Over the years, RHA Health Services has expanded to include supported living, vocational and day programs, periodic respite, personal care services, targeted case management, residential ICF/IDD for infants and children up to age 15 who have acute or chronic health problems requiring 24/7 therapeutic intervention and skilled nursing care, and much more.
In 2006, RHA began offering behavioral health services and is now the leading provider of high-quality supports and services for people with all kinds of behavioral health needs, serving over 12,000 people annually. By meeting the behavioral health needs of our consumers, we can greatly reduce or eliminate the fragmentation of services that leaves some individuals without total, holistic, truly person-centered care.
In 2015, RHA partnered with Formation Capital, with the goal of growing operations in our current communities, as well as the greater Mid-Atlantic and Southeastern United States.
RHA has an organizational commitment to the dignity, independence, and equitable treatment of people, as well as their full inclusion into the communities around them. We provide a holistic, person-centered approach to care guided by a system of values that puts the needs of the people we support at the center of every decision
Mission and Values
Mission:"With passion and integrity, RHA Behavioral Health crates opportunities for people and communities through innovation and leadership"
Vision: "Setting the PACE for Excellence in Supporting People"
RHA Behavioral Health Services is dedicated to providing effective, high quality support to individuals with mental health, substance abuse, and/or developmental disability needs. With the Recovery Model being the foundation of the RHA program, a team of knowledgeable and compassionate staff use specialized skills and training to create opportunities that promote healthy choices, natural supports, and independence within the community in order to decrease the likelihood of crises, hospitalizations, out-of-home placement and involvement with the legal system as a result of a mental health diagnosis. Because RHA is a community-based provider, we come to where the individual lives to help improve the individual's natural family, friends, and community relationships rather than requiring the individual to spend time in a clinic or office. In addition to learning more about mental health and behavioral challenges, RHA will work with the person and their family to identify coping skills to manage the symptoms as well as find and take advantage of community resources including financial and housing aid, leisure activities, education, and employment services. RHA Behavioral Health is looking for employees that can:
- Provide high quality services
- Be honest, trustworthy and reliable in all relationships
- Treat others fairly
- Be a good citizen in the communities where RHA provides services


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News story
Appointment to the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority
- From:
- Department of Energy & Climate Change
- Part of:
- Energy industry and infrastructure licensing and regulation
- Published:
- 12 January 2011
This was published under the 2010 to 2015 Conservative and Liberal Democrat coalition government
Stuart Cook has been appointed to the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority (GEMA) for five years, the Department of Energy and Climate Change…
Stuart Cook has been appointed to the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority (GEMA) for five years, the Department of Energy and Climate Change today confirmed. Sarah Harrison has also been re-appointed for a term of five years.
Stuart Cook is Senior Partner, Smarter Grids and Governance at Ofgem. He joined Ofgem in 2008 and has over 18 years of utilities industry experience. Prior to joining Ofgem, Stuart worked as a Managing Consultant with PA Consulting and with PricewaterhouseCoopers. He has advised the industry in the UK and around the world, and led the design of competitive Scottish retail market. His appointment will run until 31 October 2015.
Sarah Harrison has been Ofgem's Senior Partner Sustainable Development since September 2009. Sarah joined Ofgem in September 1999 and her previous roles were as Ofgem's Communications Director and Managing Director of Corporate Affairs.
From 1994 to 1999 Sarah was the first Director of ICSTIS, the UK industry regulator for premium rate telephone services. Sarah's earlier career was in government and public relations consultancy. Her appointment will run until 31 October 2015.
Notes for editors
- The Gas and Electricity Markets Authority is a body established by the Utilities Act 2000 to regulate the gas and electricity industries in Great Britain. The Authority has powers under the Competition Act 1998, the Utilities Act 2000, the Electricity Act 1989 and the Gas Act 1986.
The Office of Gas and Electricity Markets supports the Authority in its role. The principal objective of the Authority is to protect the interests of consumers in relation to electricity or gas by promoting effective competition.
Document information
Published: 12 January 2011


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WASHINGTON (AP) -WASHINGTON (AP) — The Latest on the U.S. election. (All times EST):
12:50 p.m.
President Barack Obama says he could not be prouder of Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Clinton.
Obama said Clinton's candidacy and nomination sent a message to daughters all across the country that "they can achieve at the highest levels of politics." Clinton lost to Republican Donald Trump in Tuesday's election.
Obama was speaking Wednesday in the White House's Rose Garden. He said he is confident that Hillary Clinton and former President Bill Clinton will continue to do great work for people around the world.
12:40 p.m.
President Barack Obama says he was heartened by President-elect Donald Trump's call for unity.
Speaking Wednesday at the White House, Obama said the campaign was long and hard fought and that while a lot of Americans are feeling exultant, others are not.
He said everyone is sad when their side loses an election. But, resorting to sports analogies, Obama said "we're actually all on one team" and we're in an intramural scrimmage.
He said all Americans should want what's best for the country.
In his acceptance speech, Trump called for the country to "bind the wounds of division."
12:35 p.m.
President Barack Obama says he's instructing his team to make sure there is a peaceful transfer of power to Donald Trump.
Obama spoke Wednesday in the White House's Rose Garden following Trump's upset victory in Tuesday's presidential election.
He noted that he and Trump have had big differences. Trump promises to repeal many of Obama's achievements over the past eight years. Obama had warned voters that if Trump were to win, "all that progress goes down the drain."
Now, Obama said "we all want what's best for this country." He said the point is that we all go forward with a presumption of good faith in all citizens. He says that's how the country has moved forward and he's confident that the incredible American journey will continue.
12:05 p.m.
Hillary Clinton says America "is more deeply divided than we thought," but she is urging her supporters to accept the outcome of the presidential election.
In a speech Wednesday conceding the presidency to Republican Donald Trump, Clinton said, "I still believe in America, and I always will."
She noted that "our responsibility as citizens is to keep doing our part to keep building that better, stronger, fairer America."
(Copyright 2016 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)