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Welcome to corpus JCR!
corpus JCR is the website of the JCR (Student Union) of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. The JCR acts to represent all student members in the College, as well as helping with any welfare problems and providing services to make life easier—including this website.
JCR news
JCR President ---> All years: Farewell
Dear Corpus,
Tonight when the clock strikes twelve, the JCR Committee of 2016/17 will step aside and make way for the reign of the white, male, 2nd year mathmos. In my final email to you all, it is only fitting to celebrate our highlights of the year. For the last three terms we?ve worked really hard to represent you, so please take five minutes to read about the results of this hard work. I can guarantee that this?ll be the first time you learn about some of the things on this list.
Easter Term 2016
Brought bean bags to the Taylor Library
Selected a fantastic May Ball Committee
Arranged for slack stewards to get free brunch
Organised more events for the period in between exams and May Week, such as sports and BBQs
Ran a successful 'Admissions Week' in Summer (i.e. NI Summer School, Females in STEM Summer School and two University Open Days)
Michaelmas Term 2016
Organised a ?very lit? Early Arrivals? Week (<- Pav?s words)
Organised a fantastic Freshers? Week:
Blinded everyone with our bright pink jumpers
Ran the first Freshers? Week LGBT+ educational/discussion workshop
Arranged Corpus? first external consent workshops with the charity DHIVerse
Introduced a 'Transition from School to Cambridge: Q&A with Current Students'
Introduced ?Family Formals? for the first time ever
Sourced a University Challenge team that will be appearing on your TV screens later this year
Secured a 2.4% rent increase for 2017/18 (compared to 10.7%, 11%, 4.5%, 4.25% and 2.25% in previous years)
Fixed KFC to be the same for the next three years and persuaded the Bursar to get rid of KFC for any undergrads not living in College accommodation
Lent Term 2017
Formed a link with Peterhouse for the CUSU Shadowing Scheme, which led to us creating our own joint timetable for evening activities
Purchased our very own rainbow flag to fly on the first day of LGBT History Month
Organised the most successful, brilliant, and humorous Halfway Hall Awards in its history (<- Pav?s words)
Roused everyone to still put their all into the Corpus Challenge despite blizzard conditions and being shattered from a 3 hour journey
Secured representation from undergrads of almost every subject for Offer Holders? Day
Organised Corpus? second ever ?Marriage Formal?
Had a record (probably) of 4 candidates running for presidency
Throughout the year
Produced 89 pages of minutes
Increased the speed/efficiency of Committee Meetings and Open Meetings (but still struggled with quorum for the latter *sad reacts only*)
Prepared all the content for the new JCR Website ahead of its (hopefully) imminent launch
Helped figure out the temporary International Storage facility for Winter, Easter and Summer Vacs
Some excellent turnouts at the weekly ParTeas: more than one hundred and fifty people were counted over the course of the last ParTea of Michaelmas term
Ran twice-termly LGBTeas with a good turnout
Ran the first successful LGBT+ College Parenting Scheme in collaboration with Pembroke, Peterhouse, and Queens
Improved the Access reward system with free formals for the most active volunteers and more flexible free meal vouchers
Brought juice options to hall
Created a regularly updated JCR Catering Facebook Page for feedback and menus
Ensured at dinner a 4th pasta/pizza/rice/noodle option, often vegetarian
Organised Corpus Garden Party, 8 slacks and the second ever ?Bop Swap?
And a whole lot more work has gone on behind the scenes.
I can?t thank the rest of the committee enough for everything that they?ve done. It?s been an absolute privilege to work with such a lovely bunch of people and I will forever look back on the last year with fond memories.
I wish the incoming committee the best of luck for the year ahead – hopefully you won?t need it!
Lots of love,
Flis O'Toole
JCR President 2016-17
JCR First Lady 2017-18
JCR President ---> All years: Michaelmas Elections **Deadline for applications**
Hi everyone,
Are you angry with the world? Do you want to make a change? Do you want to make Corpus great again? Run for the JCR!
As you can see from the sign-up sheet here, we still haven?t had anyone put their names forward for either secretary or careers officer, but there?s still time to run for either one of these or freshers? rep. Send me an email with your manifesto, and the names of your proposer and seconder by midnight tonight.
Reasons to run:
It looks good on your CV
You get to join a fabulous committee
You can contribute to college life and have your say on the things that matter
You don?t have to wear a hideous pink jumper
So get hyped! Restore your faith in democracy! Email me today!
Lots of love,
P.S. Hustings are tomorrow at 7pm in the JCR. Come along and grill your future representatives!
P.P.S. Freshers are able to run for all three positions, not just Freshers? Rep
JCR President ---> All years: CUSU showdown tomorrow
Hi everybody,
Cancel all your plans for tomorrow evening. A bigger showdown than the US election is taking place at 7pm in the McCrum Lecture Theatre.
In the pro-disaffiliation corner we will have Sam Deutsch and Fawz Kazzazi (via the medium of Rob Bowman).
In the pro-affiliation corner we will have Tom Bevan and Amatey Doku (CUSU President).
As chair I am remaining neutral and making sure that no wild claims or promises are made (this isn?t Brexit you know).
Come along and learn what each side has to say ahead of the referendum next week (running from 9am on Tuesday 15th to 10pm on Wednesday 16th). You don?t need to know anything about anything to come along. It should be interesting (no I?m serious) and it's an excellent way to find out about our relationship with CUSU and the reasons for voting either way so that you can make an informed decision about which way you want to vote. And you WILL have to vote because we need at least 40% turnout.
Lots of love,
P.S. Don?t forget you have until midnight on Wednesday to be nominated and get your manifestos in for Freshers? Rep, Careers Officer and Secretary!
JCR President ---> All years: The Taylor Library
Hi Corpus,
Please read these three short notices about the most happening place in Corpus this term.
Friends in the library
Please stop bringing friends, partners, dates, family members etc. into the library. Now that it?s getting increasingly more difficult to find a space it?s not fair to deny your fellow Corpuscles a seat. It?s also not fair on people like me who don?t have friends outside of college and therefore see bringing friends into the library as a cruel boast. And of course there?s the small matter of it being against library rules at any time of year. Don?t do it folks.
Extra rooms
While on the subject of the busy library, here?s a quick reminder (or announcement, depending on how thoroughly you read Jan's emails) that the McCrum Seminar Room is always available for private study and I4 is available too when it is not needed for exams. If you want to use either of these rooms you just need to go along to the porters? lodge to pick up the key.
WiFi survey
Looking for some super quick procrastination? Of course you are, or else you wouldn?t have read this far. So click here to tell us what you think of the WiFi in the library. There are only two questions so there?s no excuse not to!
Hopefully that all makes sense but do drop me a line if you have any questions.
Library love,
Flis xx
JCR President ---> 2nd years: News from the Master's Lodge
Hi Corpus,
Hope you all enjoyed Mark?s first slack last night! If you enjoyed it a little too much and ended up vomming in one of the sinks of the bar toilets, please could you visit here to say thank you to the unfortunate bedder who had to clear it up this morning.
The Master and Sibella have two bits of news they?d like me to pass on.
1) The Master?s Garden is now open
The Master and Sibella have now opened up their garden for the rest of Easter term for students to use. They?re happy for anyone to go and use it on weekdays between 9am and 5pm for revising/relaxing/enjoying your lunch. To get in, please use the back door, which they?ll leave open for you, and which you can get to by going through the bursar?s garden and behind the chapel. There should be a sign on the door saying you can come in and there?ll be rugs in the conservatory for you to sit on if you want.
2) Dog-walking opportunities
If you?re keen to take Flapjack on a walk this term as a lovely break from revision, please sign up here to nab a date of your choice. You can go on your own or with friend(s). Lots of fun for anyone who likes walking around Cambridge. Less fun if you?re allergic to dogs. If you want more information, please contact Flapjack-walker-extraordinaire Nancy Hine (nh418).
And finally, don?t forget to RSVP to your buffet lunch invitation! The Master and Sibella are really keen to have you all visit so if you can?t make the date you?ve been invited to they?d be happy for you to come to a different buffet lunch (there are three in total).
Lots of love,
P.S. The JCR Committee is meeting next week and if you have any ideas that you?d like us to discuss/issues that you?d like to raise, please contact the relevant officer here.
P.P.S. I?d like to offer a huge apology to anyone who met my little sister last night and assure you that she won?t be drinking if she visits again.
JCR President ---> 1st, 3rd and 4th years: News from the Master's Lodge
Hi Corpus,
Hope you all enjoyed Mark?s first slack last night! If you enjoyed it a little too much and ended up vomming in one of the sinks of the bar toilets, please could you visit here to say thank you to the unfortunate bedder who had to clear it up this morning.
The Master and Sibella have two bits of news they?d like me to pass on.
1) The Master?s Garden is now open
The Master and Sibella have now opened up their garden for the rest of Easter term for students to use. They?re happy for anyone to go and use it on weekdays between 9am and 5pm for revising/relaxing/enjoying your lunch. To get in, please use the back door, which they?ll leave open for you, and which you can get to by going through the bursar?s garden and behind the chapel. There should be a sign on the door saying you can come in and there?ll be rugs in the conservatory for you to sit on if you want.
2) Dog-walking opportunities
If you?re keen to take Flapjack on a walk this term as a lovely break from revision, please sign up here to nab a date of your choice. You can go on your own or with friend(s). Lots of fun for anyone who likes walking around Cambridge. Less fun if you?re allergic to dogs. If you want more information, please contact Flapjack-walker-extraordinaire Nancy Hine (nh418).
Lots of love,
P.S. The JCR Committee is meeting next week and if you have any ideas that you?d like us to discuss/issues that you?d like to raise, please contact the relevant officer here.
P.P.S. I?d like to offer a huge apology to anyone who met my little sister last night and assure you that she won?t be drinking if she visits again.
JCR President ---> All years: Welcome Back
Hi Corpus,
I hope you?re enjoying the last few days of the break. You?ll be pleased to hear that your new committee has already started working on plans to make life at Corpus even better – you'll find our contact details here.
Open Meeting
There is an Open Meeting next Tuesday at 7pm in the JCR. The current motions include:
Are we happy for college to turn the 'background heating' off on April 20th?
More information about this can be found here under ?Heating? and ?Additional heating'
Should CCTV be installed in the corridor linking the JCR toilets to the bar?
This has been suggested as a response to a number of extremely unpleasant incidents in the JCR toilets, the nature of which will not be discussed at the Open Meeting. If you would like to know more about them so that you can make an informed vote, please come and speak to me in person.
Should the Leckhampton gym have hours for women and non-binary people only and LGBT+ people only?
Details for this proposal are still being discussed
If you would like to submit another motion for discussion please contact Herman by 7pm tomorrow with your motion and the name of your seconder.
Post Room
The porters and housekeeping have asked that the post room be kept tidy, as it is difficult for them to do their jobs if it?s left in a mess. There seems to be a lot of lost property lying around in there at the moment – if any of it is yours please do clear it up ASAP!
May Ball
Finally, a quick reminder that applications for President and Junior Treasurer of Corpus May Ball 2017 close at noon next Monday. Please note that late applications will not be accepted.
Lots of love,
JCR President ---> All years: Corpus May Ball 2017
Hi Corpus,
Applications are now open for the positions of President and Junior Treasurer for Corpus May Ball 2017!
Anyone wishing to apply for either position should email me by 12:00 on Monday 18th April with a CV and a cover letter. CVs should emphasise any previous relevant experience you have and cover letters should explain why you want to apply for your position and outline your ideas for the Ball. Other questions you might want to consider in your cover letter can be found below.
Successful candidates will be interviewed between Wednesday 20th and Friday 22nd April. Please indicate if you can't be interviewed at a particular time on those days.
Good luck!
Questions to consider in your cover letter:
What relevant skills do you have?
What other commitments do you have, and how could you balance these and work with running a Ball in exam term?
How would you deal with the committee and any problems?
How will you make sure the May Ball is a success?
If you attended the 2015 May Ball, what did you think? How would you improve it? (Note: You don't need to have been at the last May Ball to run for one of these positions!)
JCR President ---> All years: Summer Rowing
A message from your new Lower Boats? Captains:
Dear Corpuscles,
On behalf of the boat club, we'd like to wish you all a happy and (mostly) relaxing Easter holiday.
We have the pleasure of introducing ourselves as the Lower Boats' Captains for Corpus which means we now have the pleasure of persuading you all to row/cox (cause deep down you know you want to…) Next term is a brilliant chance to begin – the weather is lovely (apparently), it's a fantastic way to get away from work for a while and the outings don't just happen in the morning but in the afternoon also!
If you missed out in Michaelmas or Lent, or if you have never rowed before, you'd still be a welcomed addition to our boat club. Rowing in Easter term is a more casual pursuit than in winter so it is a great time to try it. Even though we want to emphasise that this term will be fun and not as serious, it is still an excellent opportunity to try a new sport, and we are sure that many of you will go on to become some of the college's finest oarsmen, oarswomen and coxes.
If you're even slightly interested or his have any questions, please email any one of us:
Bailey (bdb31)
David (dmt37)
Martha (mrh57)
Or, if you've already realised how great rowing is and are keen to sign up to try it out, please do so here:
We?ll be organising a social drinks evening hopefully early next term too so we can meet everyone anew in a rowing-related capacity. The infamous boat club socials are definitely something to look forward to throughout Easter as well as meeting guys and girls who regularly hit the gym!
We're looking forward to getting some new crews together!
Rowing love, (sorry, we had to try it, just once)
Martha, Bailey and David
JCR President --> All years: End of Year Report
As Lent term draws to an end it?s time for the current committee to bid their farewells and to welcome in the fresh new faces of 2016/17. It?s been a pleasure, and I'm now excited to entrust the JCR machine to my ginger nemesis and her minion… be kind to them cause their job ain't easy.
Thank you so much to the outgoing team for their dedication, humour and creativity throughout 2015/16. We tried to make Corpus incrementally more fair, efficient and fun with every hour of our work – here are a few select highlights:
Persuaded college to fly the LGBT+ rainbow flag – the first time in Corpus? 650 year history it?s flown anything other than the college crest or union flag
Secured a 2.25% rent increase for 2016/17 (compared to 4, 6, 8, 10.7, 11, 4.5, 4.25 in previous years)
Brought in our first meritocratic prize room system with rooms at average price or lower
Designed, commissioned and starting building a new website, securing 20% of its cost from college
Created Corpus? first sexual harassment policy and our first year of consent workshops
De-gendered the role of welfare officer and streamlined the JCR committee
Raised almost ?2,000 and counting for RAG
Got a portrait of a woman in hall, and initial approval to replace it with a new portrait of our first female life fellow
Increased participation in the CUSU shadowing scheme and hosted thousands of student visitors to Corpus
Launched Corpus Tweets, Instagram and Snapchat
Organised five cultural formals: Diwali, Burns Night, Chinese New Year, St David's and St Patrick' and Cambridge's first ever Ethnicity Workshop in Freshers' Week
Put on a huge Garden Party (#CGP) our first ever Bop Swap and 8 slacks, including sets from the Master, Sibella, James Buxton and Esse.
Revived and meticulously researched the CUSU debate
Increased portion sizes, halved the price of hash browns and trialled a 3rd weekly formal
Streamlined the one-off application system and allocated one of our biggest budgets yet
Welcomed the most Freshers in Corpus? history
Dominated Corpus Oxford at the Challenge and organised a smashing barbequeue/formal/club night
In the background we were preparing and cleaning up after countless events, following up on feedback, meeting with college authorities and doing fun jobs like stewarding slacks sober… 🎉
A lot of this stuff will be materialising over the coming year. When you use the new website, pet a puppy next week 5, benefit from a prize room you wouldn?t have been able to afford at it?s market price or look up and see yourself represented in hall portraits next term, that will be a product of our collective groundwork and a testament to what students can achieve when they work together!
Much Corpus love, for the last time,
Kenza x


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Home * Games * Checkers
Up one Level
also American Checkers or English draughts, is a variant of Draughts played on an eight by eight board using 32 either dark or light squares. Like Chess, Checkers is a two-player zero-sum and perfect information abstract strategy board game.
Each side starts with twelve checkers, placed on the three back-ranks. Black moves first, alternating with White - there is no passing move. Checkers move one step diagonally forward, kings diagonally forward and backward. When a checker reaches the last rank, it promotes to a king. Checkers and king capture men by jumping over them to an empty square behind (checkers only forward). Captures are compulsory, one must play a capture if at least one is available, and is required to continue jumping and capturing as part of the same turn. However, a checker reaching the last row must stop to be crowned and can move no further on that turn [1]. The side run out of moves loses.
|Checkers board [2]
Table of Contents
Computer Olympiads
Solving CheckersIn 2007, the Chinook team around Jonathan Schaeffer declared Checkers solved [3] [4] [5].
ProgramsThe first Checkers program was written by Christopher Strachey, National Research Development Corporation, London, in the early 1950s to run on a Pilot ACE at the National Physical Laboratory, exhausting its memory [6], and soon ported to the Ferranti Mark 1 [7] [8]. His checkers program from 1966 [9] written in CPL is available on-line, in a corrected version with courtesy of Peter Norvig [10] [11]. The second program was written in 1956 by Arthur Samuel [12]:
American checkers
- Cake by Martin Fierz
- Checker! by Gil Dodgen
- Checker Hustler by Derek Oldbury
- Checkermate by Derek Oldbury and Adrian Millett
- Checkers from AI Factory
- Chinook by Jonathan Schaeffer et al. [13]
- Colossus Draughts by Martin Bryant
- The Duke program by Eric Jensen, Tom Truscott and Alan Biermann
- KingsRow by Ed Gilbert
- Nemesis by Murray Cash
- Sage Draughts by Adrian Millett
- Tournament Checkers by David Butler
- Wyllie by Roberto Waldteufel
Classical checkers
Selected Publications
1952 ...
- Christopher Strachey (1952). Logical or non-mathematical Programs. Proceedings of the ACM Conference, Toronto, reprinted in David Levy (ed.) (1988). Computer Games I.
- Arthur Samuel (1959). Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers. IBM Journal July 1959, reprinted in David Levy (ed.) (1988). Computer Games I. [14]
1960 ...
- Arnold K. Griffith (1966). A new Machine-Learning Technique applied to the Game of Checkers. MIT, Project MAC, MAC-M-293
- Christopher Strachey (1966). System Analysis and Programming. Scientific American, September 1966, re-published August 23, 2011
- Arthur Samuel (1967). Some Studies in Machine Learning. Using the Game of Checkers. II-Recent Progress. pdf
1970 ...
- Arnold K. Griffith (1974). A Comparison and Evaluation of Three Machine Learning Procedures as Applied to the Game of Checkers. Artificial Intelligence, Vol. 5, No. 2
- Aviezri Fraenkel, Michael R. Garey, David S. Johnson, Thomas J. Schaefer, Yaacov Yesha (1978). The Complexity of Checkers on an N * N Board. FOCS 1978
1990 ...
- Jonathan Schaeffer (1991). Checkers, a Preview of what will Happen in Chess? ICCA Journal, Vol. 14, No. 2
- Jonathan Schaeffer, Joe Culberson, Norman Treloar, Brent Knight, Paul Lu, Duane Szafron (1991). Checkers Program to Challenge for World Championship. SIGART Bulletin, Vol. 2, No. 2
- Jonathan Schaeffer, Joe Culberson, Norman Treloar, Brent Knight, Paul Lu, Duane Szafron (1991). Reviving the Game of Checkers. Heuristic Programming in AI 2
- Jonathan Schaeffer, Norman Treloar, Paul Lu, Rob Lake (1993). Man Versus Machine for the World Checkers Championship. AI Magazine, Vol. 14, No. 2 » WCCC 1992 - Workshop [15]
Jonathan Schaeffer, Norman Treloar, Paul Lu, Rob Lake (1993). Man Versus Machine for the World Checkers Championship. ICCA Journal, Vol. 16, No. 2
1995 ...
- Jonathan Schaeffer, Rob Lake (1996). Solving the Game of Checkers. Games of No Chance edited by Richard J. Nowakowski, pdf
- J. Ignacio Giráldez, Daniel Borrajo (1998). Distributed Decision Making in Checkers. CG 1998
- Kumar Chellapilla, David B. Fogel (1999). Evolving Neural Networks to Play Checkers without Expert Knowledge. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 1382-1391.
2000 ...
- Kumar Chellapilla, David B. Fogel (2001). Evolving an Expert Checkers Playing Program without Using Human Expertise. IEEE Transactions on Evolutionary Computation, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp.422-428
- Jonathan Schaeffer (2001). Technology Transfer from One High-Performance Search Engine to Another. ICGA Journal, Vol. 24, No. 3
- David B. Fogel (2002). Blondie24: Playing at the Edge of AI. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., San Francisco, CA. ISBN 1-55860-783-8, amazon.com [16]
- Jonathan Schaeffer, Yngvi Björnsson, Neil Burch, Rob Lake, Paul Lu, Steve Sutphen (2003). Building the Checkers 10-Piece Endgame Databases. Advances in Computer Games 10. pdf » Endgame Tablebases
- Ed Trice, Gil Dodgen (2003). The Perfect 7-Piece Checkers Database. ICGA Journal, Vol. 26, No. 4 » Endgame Tablebases
2005 ...
- Jonathan Schaeffer, Yngvi Björnsson, Neil Burch, Akihiro Kishimoto, Martin Müller, Rob Lake, Paul Lu, Steve Sutphen (2005). Solving Checkers. IJCAI 2005
- Jonathan Schaeffer, Neil Burch, Yngvi Björnsson, Akihiro Kishimoto, Martin Müller, Rob Lake, Paul Lu, Steve Sutphen (2007). Checkers is Solved. Science, Vol. 317, no. 5844
- Magdalena Kusiak, Karol Walędzik, Jacek Mańdziuk (2007). Evolutionary Approach to the Game of Checkers. 8. ICANNGA, pdf
- Jonathan Schaeffer (1997, 2009). One Jump Ahead Challenging Human Supremacy in Checkers. Springer, ISBN 0-387-94930-5, ISBN 978-0-387-76575-4
- Belal Al-Khateeb, Graham Kendall (2009). Introducing a round robin tournament into Blondie24. CIG 2009
2010 ...
- Karol Walędzik, Jacek Mańdziuk (2010). The Layered Learning method and its Application to Generation of Evaluation Functions for the Game of Checkers. 11. PPSN, pdf
- João Guerra (2011). Classical Checkers. Masters thesis, Technical University of Lisbon, pdf
- Aart Bik (2012). Computing Deep Perft and Divide Numbers for Checkers. ICGA Journal, Vol. 35, No. 4 » Perft
- Belal Al-Khateeb, Graham Kendall (2012). Effect of Look-Ahead Depth in Evolutionary Checkers. Journal of Computer Science and Technology, Vol. 27, No. 5
- Danilo Carvalho, Minh Le Nguyen, Hiroyuki Iida (2017). An Analysis of Majority Voting in Homogeneous Groups for Checkers: Understanding Group Performance through Unbalance. Advances in Computer Games 15, ResearchGate
Forum Posts
1990 ...
- A taste of things to come? by Jonathan Schaeffer, rgc, September 01, 1990
- Checkers match by Murray Campbell, rgc, August 20, 1992
- Man vs. Machine World Checkers Championship (day 5) by Robert Lake, rgc, August 21, 1992
- Tinsley vs. Chinook? by Robert Williams, rgc, August 16, 1994
- Silicon Graphics World Checkers Championship by Robert Lake, rgc, August 16, 1994
- Silicon Graphics World Checkers Championship - day 3 by Jonathan Schaeffer, rgc, August 18, 1994
- Checkers Championship - additional information by Jonathan Schaeffer, rgc, August 20, 1994
- PDN - Portable Draughts Notation by Pc Sol, rgc, July 22, 1995
2000 ...
- perft for 8x8 checkers by Aart Bik, CCC, May 08, 2009 » Perft
2010 ...
- WinBoard, exotic version by Harm Geert Muller, CCC, January 15, 2011 » WinBoard
- UCT surprise for checkers ! by Daniel Shawul, CCC, March 25, 2011
- Checkers Is Strongly-Solved for 8-pieces by Ed Trice, CCC, February 12, 2017
- Checkers Bitboard representation by Pranav Deshpande, CCC, July 02, 2017 » Bitboards
External Links
- Checkers (English draughts) from Wikipedia
- The Checker Maven
- The American Checker Federation - Welcome to the ACF website
- Checkers (ICGA Tournaments)
- AITopics / Checkers
- Chinook - World Man-Machine Checkers Champion
- A brief history of computer checkers by Martin Fierz
- Marion Tinsley from Wikipedia
- 2002 World Computer Championship
- Las Vegas computer checker championship by Martin Fierz
- 500 billion billion moves later, computers solve checkers from ChessBase news, July 19, 2007
- CheckerBoard by Martin Fierz
- CheckerBoard, A blog on checkers programming by Martin Fierz
- Portable Draughts Notation from Wikipedia
- Checker Bitboards Tutorial by Jonathan Kreuzer
- Gui Checkers 1.05 by Jonathan Kreuzer
- Perft for Checkers » Perft [17]
- Welcome to the checkers programs page by Jean-Bernard Alemanni
- How Checkers Was Solved by Alexis C. Madrigal, The Atlantic - World Edition, July 19, 2017
- ^ Mr. Fred Investments | CheckerMaven / RulesOfCheckers
- ^ Checkers (English draughts) from Wikipedia
- ^ Jonathan Schaeffer, Neil Burch, Yngvi Björnsson, Akihiro Kishimoto, Martin Müller, Rob Lake, Paul Lu, Steve Sutphen (2007). Checkers is Solved. Science, Vol. 317 (5844). Work named by Science Magazine as one of the 10 most important scientific achievements of 2007
- ^ Checkers Is Solved
- ^ Chinook - Solving Checkers
- ^ Christopher Strachey from Wikipedia
- ^ artificial intelligence (AI) :: Early milestones in AI from Britannica Online Encyclopedia
- ^ Christopher Strachey (1952). Logical or non-mathematical programmes. Proceedings of the 1952 ACM national meeting
- ^ Christopher Strachey (1966). System Analysis and Programming. Scientific American, September 1966, republished August 23, 2011
- ^ Complete Annotated Strachey Checkers Program by Peter Norvig
- ^ Prescient but Not Perfect: A Look Back at a 1966 Scientific American Article on Systems Analysis by Peter Norvig, August 23, 2011
- ^ English draughts - Computer players from Wikipedia
- ^ Chinook - Solving Checkers
- ^ Some studies in machine learning using the game of checkers by Arthur Lee Samuel from Jeremy Norman's Historyofscience.com - Used Book - Paperback - First Edition
- ^ Marion Tinsley vs. Chinook - Wikipedia
- ^ Blondie24 by David B. Fogel, Book Review, © Copyright 2003, Jim Loy
- ^ perft for 8x8 checkers by Aart Bik, CCC, May 08, 2009
What links here?
Up one Level

subset: commoncrawl


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Our experienced anaesthetists manage patient care in our eight main theatres, two maternitytheatres and two day-surgery theatres.
The team includes anaesthetists with specialist expertise, including obstetrics, trauma and orthopaedics, emergency surgery, urology, eye surgery, pre-operative assessment, critical care and pain management.
What we offer
The team includes anaesthetists with specialist expertise, including obstetrics, orthopaedics, critical care and pain management:
Pain management service
The pain management clinic is in the main building, level 1, in fracture clinic 6.
How to refer
Through a GP or doctor.
Contact us
Main theatres general enquiries 020 8887 2525
Anaesthetics office 020 8887 2221
Pain management secretary 020 8887 3528 (Mon-Wed, 8.30am-2pm)
To cancel or change an appointment
email firstname.lastname@example.com
or alternatively ring 020 8887 3663 /3664 (Mon-Fri, 8am-5pm)


text:
Born in Prussia in 1864, just as the new forces of capitalism and the Industrial Revolution took hold of the economy, Max Weber first studied law. Yet his interest soon shifted to economics. Perhaps because his mother had absorbed Protestant influences, Weber examined the role morality played in the lives people choose to lead. He focused on the differences in economic behavior between Catholics and Protestants.
Weber was the first to identify beliefs and practices that influenced economic behavior. He found Catholics generally less motivated to succeed in business than Protestants because of their religious belief that everyone could achieve salvation. The branch of Protestants known as Calvinists, on the other hand, believed God determined everyone's salvation status before birth. Nothing a person might do on earth could save a soul marked for damnation. Left with little hope, believers tried to demonstrate their worthiness through hard work. Weber identified with these self-reliant Puritans and his groundbreaking argument helped establish him as one of the founding fathers of sociology.
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Repetitive, could be a lot better
- Phil O.
Cut out the outlines of subjects and just follow a clear story of the book with more in depth interpretations.
I haven't
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There's too much redundancy of the outlines and title itself.
The audio is subdivided into a lot of repeated statements and extremely superfical highlights. Save your money, unless you enjoy hearing redundant outlines of the book.
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Enquiry from Online Galleries regarding "Yew Wood Bracket Clock By Frodsham"
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CHARLES FRODSHAM & CO, LONDON & PARIS (worked from 1834)
Yew Wood Bracket Clock By Frodsham
c. 1920 England
Offered by Worboys Antiques
SoldRequest Information Call Dealer Favourite Item
A very high quality bracket clock by Charles Frodsham. It has a figured yew wood break arch case with glazed side windows and back door. The silvered brass dial is engraved "Chas. Frodsham, 27 South Molton St. London". numbered "2522". The dial has a pendulum rise and fall regulation scale within the arch. It has a very heavily engineered 8 day chain fusee timepiece movement, with a pendulum holdfast for transportation. Complete with original winder.
Very original and complete condition. The movement has been serviced and is guaranteed for 12 months.
Charles Frodsham traded from various London addresess, but traded from the South Molton Street address in 1914-1941
|31.00 cm
|(12.20 inches)
|22.00 cm
|(8.66 inches)
|16.75 cm
|(6.59 inches)
Worboys Antiques
Worboys Antiques
86 London End
+44 (0)1494 673055Favourite Dealer Request Dealer Alerts
Opening Hours
9.30 to 5.30 Tuesday-Friday, 10-5 Saturday, closed Sunday and Monday and Bank Holiday Saturdays.
Mr Nigel WorboysView Dealer Location


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Xin Zhao Build Guide by dawgyerf
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
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Xin Zhao Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
I've been playing Xin Zhao for a long time. Fun. Easy to learn, I guess. But devastating. A very very solid champion.
My preferred method of play for this guide is SOLO TOP, with a teammate jungling. This always ensures that you have enough farm to have a great build, and enough EXP to be your team's second carry, or at least anti-carry.
Xin Zhao is an AMAZING anti-carry. Carries like teemo, and most other burst AP assassin carries are no match for Xin Zhao.
The most important part about this guide is firstly the rune selection, then the items and masteries to complement them. Try them out. Below is simply a few thoughts, tips, and tricks, for intermediate (or beginner) Xin Zhao players. Everything below is what a pro Xin Zhao player should (already) know.
Skill Sequence/Fights/Team Fights
The most, most important thing about the skill sequence is really obtaining Q at level 1, then E at level 2, so that you have amazing early game skirmish potential. Not that you would want to.
I only listed the skill sequence above up to level 9 because:
1) I'm not really good at keeping track of when I can level up skills
2) It really doesn't matter after that point. You can't go wrong with leveling any ability you desire after that. Why?
At the beginning, you want to obtain Q then E so that (if your team chooses an early gank) you can use E to sprint to your enemy and slow, then Q to deal ****loads of damage and CC them at the end, so you'd get 4 or 5 hits if they don't flash away. You also have your ghost to chase.
Of course, if the enemy is close to you to begin with, use Q first then use E to chase.
The pattern repeats similarly throughout the whole game, except W is also thrown in there, right after all three Q's --Three Talon Strikes (TTS)-- have hit. This is so TTS cooldowns faster.
Three Talon Strike (Q)
Now that Xin Zhao has been reworked, don't hesitate to use TTS whenever to help cooldown your other abilities. I found that TTS even cooldowns other abilities when you are using it on towers. This is very helpful because you can cooldown your W faster to gain attack speed and quickly take down towers.
Battle Cry - (W)
Now that Xin zhao has been reworked, you also want to use your W on minions to restore health if you are injured. MIND THE LAST HITS THOUGH! Don't just auto attack.
Thanks to the rework it makes even more sense to constantly be alternating between Q and W. Thanks to your mana regen seals you should always have enough mana. If not, switch your glyphs also to mana regen glyphs. Or take golem if no one else wants it.
Ultimate - Crescent Sweep - (R)
When you get your ULTY (R), you either use it at the very beginning of your attack on a champion, or if you are 1v1 and you know you can win without it, save it at the end in case more enemies jump on you.
Your ulty is a VERY effective weapon for tower diving and escaping ganks. The increased armor and MR saves your life. If you need to run back to your tower but they are gaining on you an within attack range, use it first. Use it if towers are going to attack you while you are tower diving.
As I learned this morning playing Xin Zhao without realizing there was a rework, the new ULTY is also VERY GOOD at helping you escape ganks because you can fling opponents back with it. I did this on accident without knowing how it happened and it saved my butt.
Ultimate and Teamfights
Before the new patch rework out, I would STRONGLY discourage anyone from following Riot's champion spotlight suggestion and being the first one into a 5v5 teamfight using your Crescent Sweep (R). Even though you deal more initial damage, you get heavily focused and all your attack damage/speed items become useless. Always let your tank go in first.
However, with the new rework I think it's okay to be that "audacious" xin zhao and charge right in, TARGETING THEIR SQUISHY CARRIES FIRST. ALWAYS. They deal the most damage. your job is to take them down or severely weaken them. ALWAYS. THATS YOUR JOB. Plus it's fun. Unless, of course, a lone enemy tank wanders into the midst of your team... but then they would be noob.
However, since you are the assassin. It is ALWAYS still wise to hang back a little bit first and let your tanks and bruisers take the brunt of CCs and focus before you charge in and penta-kill them all. Your team may be a bit sour for all the KS, but happy that they aced the other team and you get a win.
Farming Techniques
1. Last hit. If you need to, use your Q to ensure every last hit (like on cannon minions)
2. you walk up to a clump of three minions and hit each of them once or twice, but dont kill them, then use your E to finish them off at the same time. It's just fun.
3. You know how sometimes a whole hoard of enemy minions will stack up against your towers top or bottom lane? Walk in the middle of them, then use your CRESCENT SWEEP. OH YEAH. Don't be afraid to use that to farm then. It's like, BOOM Instant 25gp x 20+ minionis = 300+ gold in the blink of an eye. Saves time and you can go help out your team elsewhere, or push the lane faster. Don't be afraid to use W or Youmuus to quickly finish up farming a lane so you can go elsewhere.
Oh, Almost forgot, Items.
I forgot to add Youmuus somewhere between brutalizer and thirst. I usually get Youmuus first, but for some reason it hasn't been working well lately.
For the last item you can choose between phantom, zekes, randuins, or wits end. Or Banshees, of course. Depends on you and their team comp.
Phantom and Zekes is all purpose, if the enemy team is really mixed
randuins to counter high AD teams
Wits End or Banshees to counter high AP
Honestly, when I play I don't really pay attention to which items I buy first. I know, I'm horrible. But basically I just listed out all the items that are feasible for xin zhao.
Last Whisper is OK. I just never use it.
EDIT: Acquire Bloodthirster before Infinity to have more early and mid game presence.
Rune Explanation
If you're wondering, Why the MR Glyps? it's so you can be a lethal anti-carry, especially against AP carries. With mercs treads, you can finish off a squishy AP carry with minimal damage in less than two seconds.
As for having no armor whatsoever, that's where your high ATTACK DAMAGE, ATTACK SPEED (from the marks and quints), and LIFE STEAL come in. Your biggest defense against other AD champions is to attack, and keep attacking. Plus--yep--it's fun.


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In an earlier post we mentioned that TimePlay was working on a BlackBerry 10 app that was to be released when they were sure everything was working right. Now, that time has arrived and the app is available for download in BlackBerry World for those of you within Canada. The app itself is an Android port but it's had some refining done to it to make it an improved experience for BlackBerry 10. If you've been waiting for the app to arrive, you can grab using the BlackBerry World link below. If you need to know participating locations, you'll find a list available on the TimePlay website.
LIKE the above commenter stated WHY ON EARTH DO I OR SHOULD I AGREE TO ANY GAME, ANY APP to have access to my files, pictures, music, docs to anyone?????? Its not just for this app but other games that ID JUST LIKE TO PLAY NOT give my whole phone and info to while I play the game!
ALSO PLEASE add a section where we wave our rights for the developer of an app to CONSTANTLY send us spam mail...THERE is no need for that...we download the game and not the extra hidden crap that comes along with it...IE unending emails from the developer of the game that is trying to sell sex pills, women, and friendly chat! SOO ANNOYING!


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15 September, 2017 - 16 September, 2017
Ontario Tree Climbing Championship
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19 September, 2017 - 30 September, 2017
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2017 is year 8 for this grant program with funding available to researchers worldwide. The Jack Kimmel International Grant Program, championed by the Canadian TREE Fund, honors the late Jack Kimmel who was the former Director of Parks for the City of Toronto.
Projects are expected to be completed within one to three years. Grant award amounts are limited to a maximum of $10,000 and will vary depending upon the adjudged value of the project relative to the needs of the arboriculture community.
4 October, 2017 - 6 October, 2017
TRAQ Qualification Course: WHITCHURCH/STOUFFVILLE
Wednesday, 4th October - Friday, 6th October, 2017
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--- SOLD OUT --- REGISTRATION OPENS 6 FEB 2017. Closes: 31 August 2017. Look for Registration Link HERE. Click to download FLYER
For more information email: firstname.lastname@example.com. Please refer to the ISA website for more information on prerequisites to take the TRAQ course or download the handbook HERE.
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ISA Certified Tree Worker Climber Specialist Written Exam
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Where can I get a Head Hugger/ Newborn Head Support Thingie for a Maxi Cosi Car Seat?(9 Posts)
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When was it built?
Why does it look that way?
What style is it?
What Style Is It? provides a portable, easy-to-use guide to identifying American architectureon the road or in your own community.
This Revised Edition presents new photographs and line drawings, a concise, illustrated glossary, and accessible information on twenty-two major styles of American architecture from the past 300 years. Organized chronologically to put information at your fingertips, What Style Is It? presents succinct summaries of architectural styles, discusses their development and notable characteristics, and mentions where real-world examples can be found.
This essential guide is packed with more than 200 descriptive photographs and illustrations, accompanied by nontechnical explanations that help you quickly identify the most significant styles of architecturefrom Early Colonial, Federal, and Second Empire to Neoclassical, pre-Civil War Romanesque Revival, and late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Rustic styles.
What Style Is It? is the definitive, concise guide to the captivating structures and history of American architecture.


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How to Make Money by Saving Money
Have you ever heard the saying, "A penny saved is a penny earned" or some variation of it? I bet you have. And it does have a lot of truth to it. Many of the wealthiest people in the world are also very tight with their money, or at least they were before they got rich. They are very good about saving money where they can and not wasting it on things they don't really need.
Part of making money with your home business, or any other way you earn your living, is saving money you don't need to spend. Not to mention the fact that we are in an economic crisis right now and saving money is on all of our minds!
So, while you are trying to learn how to make money online, you can also be thinking about how to save money that you can either reinvest into your home business to make more money or help yourself get out of debt, or anything else you need it for.
Here seven ways you can make money by saving money today:
1) Always Carry Cash - Make sure you always have cash in your pocket and when you see something you want to buy only use cash to buy it. If you can't afford it then don't buy it. It's easier to stop yourself from buying things you don't really need or can't actually afford when you are using cash instead of credit. You will save money by doing this.
2) Cash Back Credit Cards - I know I said above not to use credit cards but there are times when you simply have to. During those times make sure you use a credit card that gives you cash back on purchases. Most of them won't give you much but even a couple percent is better than nothing. You can also go to OpTempo.com and find money saving reviews to help you save even more money when buying some of the products you need.
3) Gas - Although gas prices have gone down a little bit lately they are still outrageous and will probably go back up again. Every bit you can save on gas will add up very quickly. You can save money on gas by walking when you only have to go a few blocks, carpooling to work, riding your bike when possible, buying a hybrid vehicle or converting your vehicle to run on water, etc...
4) Buying IM Products - If you are reading this blog then there's a good chance that you are an internet marketer or are at least trying to make money online. But do you really need to buy every new ebook, membership site or program that comes out promising to make you the next internet millionaire? No you don't! There are plenty of sites and blogs that will teach you how to make money online for free.
5) Set Up a Budget - Getting back to the basics on this one. I'm sure you have heard a million times before that you should have a budget so you know how much you are spending and where your money is going. There's plenty of software out there that will help you keep track of your budget. You can save a lot of money by knowing exactly what you are wasting your money on.
6) Pay Yourself First - If you spend all the money you make without keeping any of it then you aren't helping yourself at all. Let's say you work for 10 straight days and earn $100 each day. By the end of that period, you will have earned $1,000. Now, if you spend the entire $1,000 and you have none of it left all your efforts have evaporated! You have nothing left to show for it! What were you working for? You gave away all your money by paying everyone else except yourself!
If you keep the money you earn on day one you would be keeping 10% of your income and spending the money you earn in the remaining nine days on bills and whatever else you need to spend it on. If you do the same thing in every 10 day period, no matter what, you would be paying yourself first and your money savings would add up very quickly.
7) Read Books on Money - It's not a coincidence that most wealthy people read books on money. People who don't know a lot about money strategies are the same people who are usually poor. People with a lot of money tend to use their time learning about making money, investing money, handling money, and saving money. You should be doing this too!
There, now you have 7 ways you can make money by saving money. Since you now know how to make money by saving money it's time to start practicing these techniques to put more money in your bank account today!
Dedicated to your success,
Trent Brownrigg
Free Money Making Advice
Labels: budgeting, credit cards, how to make money, make money, making money, save money, saving money