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Australian Ethical has a track record of selecting positive, competitive investments.
Take Advantage of Global Trends
The fund invests in growing industries like IT, health services, efficiency, biotechnology and more.
Ethical Approach
Every company in this portfolio has passed Australian Ethical's rigorous positive and negative screening process.
In this video, Andy Gracey, portfolio manager of the Australian Shares Fund (Formerly Smaller Companies Trust) at Australian Ethical,
explains the company's approach to selecting positive, profitable investments.
For more information about the series, see theinvestmentseries.com.au
The 'recommended' rating means that:
"Lonsec has strong conviction the financial product can generate risk adjusted returns in line with relevant objectives."
Retail investors
$1,000, or $500 if you start a regular investment plan of at least $100 per month.
Direct wholesale investors
$500,000 across all Australian Ethical Managed Funds, and $25,000 within the Australian Shares Fund.
To provide long-term growth focusing on Australian companies that meet the Australian Ethical Charter.
The opportunity to invest in a diversified share portfolio of companies predominately listed on the ASX and selected on the basis of their social, environmental and financial credentials. The Fund utilises an active stock-picking management style with stocks generally selected for growth rather than income, with a bias towards smaller capitalisation stocks listed on the ASX. All stocks are chosen on the basis of relative value where we deem the risks are being adequately priced.
Investors seeking capital growth through an exposure to Australian shares. The Fund is suited to investors that have a longer investment timeframe and a higher risk tolerance.
Very high
7 years
|Asset class
|Australian shares
|Unlisted shares
|85 – 100%
|0 – 5%
|Asset class
|0 – 15%
* These are indicative asset allocation ranges for the Fund. If market movements, investments into or withdrawals from the Fund or changes in the nature of an investment, cause the Fund to move outside these indicative ranges, this will be addressed by us as soon as reasonably practicable.
General information only
This information is general information only and does not take account of your individual investment objectives, financial situation or needs. Before acting on it, consider seeking independent financial advice.


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Removing unwanted hair is a daily routine that is practiced by most people. It feels good when you have removed the unwanted hair. Various methods have been used conventionally. They include waxing, tweezing and shaving. The methods can remove the unwanted hair but for a short period and then they grow. But there are other methods of hair removal that bring long lasting effects. Laser hair removal for men is one way that can almost permanently remove your unwanted hair. Everyone desires a smooth skin that is not scratchy or itchy. For this results, laser hair removal in men is essential because of the following reasons.
Cost effective
Men who tend to practice laser hair removal will save a lot of money in the process. This is simply because the laser hair removal is done once in a while since it tends to remove the unwanted hair permanently. Hair only reoccurs after an extended period. Therefore this will be very effective unlike the other methods like waxing where you have to be buying more supplies of the waxing products. For laser hair removal no buying of such supplies is needed.
Highly convenient
Laser hair removal method is convenient enough because it will be done for a concise time hence does not interfere with your daily schedule. This does not only apply when done on small areas of your body but also to larger areas that require removal of hair. With this, the method becomes very convenient to every man undergoing the process.
Saves time
It is advisable for all men to practice laser hair removal because it will help in saving their time. This is because after undergoing the whole procedure the hair does not grow immediately but instead takes a very long time to regrow. Compared to other hair removal method like shaving where hair grows on a daily basis, laser hair removal will play a significant role in your time.
Less Painful
Laser hair removal is not painful as such when compared to other conventional methods like tweezing. This is because the machine used on your skin only emits light that is very crucial in removing the hair. Unlike tweezing, you will feel pain when the entire process is being carried out.
Prevention of ingrown hairs.
A method like waxing, shaving and tweezing do not penetrate the hair follicles hence when they remove the unwanted hair they leave behind in grown hair. For laser hair removal method the unwanted hair is removed including the hair that is in the hair follicles.…Read More

subset: commoncrawl


text:
BreakTime BreakDown 26Feb2014 – Justin Timberlake Gets The Bird, Gives It Right Back
BreakTime Breakdown takes a look at whats going on around Hollywood and the world.
Here are today's.
BreakTime Breakdown takes a look at whats going on around Hollywood and the world.
Here are today's.
Water is one of those things we take for granted, we just turn on the faucet and let it fly, not much to think about. Unless the hot water is all used up, or the water is a weird color, then you pay attention. :) But do you ever think how much water you actually use?
To be honest, before today I never heard of a snow donut before, but I have to say that they are awesome!
(Photo by Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)Can you imagine how much gas you would save using a motorized board to get to and from work? Or how about pulling up to school on one of these? It's not a hover-board like Marty McFly had in "Back to The Future" , but it is closer than ever!
If you grew up in a house with brothers/sisters then you can all relate to listening to your Mom or Dad yelling for you, but calling out the names of all your siblings instead.
Many parts of the country have a distinct accent that set apart the locals from the tourists, and of course we are all to familiar with the Minnesota accent, but your dialect can be a giveaway too.
Imagine taking a sip of coffee, and it slowly drips down onto your shirt....ohhh that could be a day wrecker unless you have a stain resistant shirt on!!
Have you ever met someone who is so cheap they squeak when they walk? Well this guy may be jumping to the top of that list.
I loved the idea of getting an extra hour of sleep this weekend, but of course hate the payoff that it gets darker sooner, well that is not the only thing that tends to happen this time of year.
If you are someone with thinning lack luster hair, or maybe going a little gray stop buying all those different products, just change up your diet!
Before you try that mask on in the store, think of how many other people put that on too. Yeah, gross huh?
For all the people who bike around the Twin Ports for work or pleasure, it sure would be nice to get a boost when you hit the hills.


text:
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How can I use OMC's services?
- Advertising - email your requirements to email@example.com
- Design - for general enquiries and job requests please email email@example.com. We will then get in touch with you and arrange a briefing meeting where can discuss your needs and the scope, timeline and estimated costs of your project. It is best to contact us at an early point in your project timeline in order to ensure that we can schedule your work and produce it in a timely fashion.
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How much does OMC charge for work?
Rates may vary depending on the type of work that you are requesting and the amount of time involved.
- Web Services
We operate a cost recovery method for projects with faculties, schools, centres, research groups, and institutes. For all work over 30min in duration we charge a rate of $80 /hour. For project work of 5 hours of more we prepare a scoping document and a formal quote.
- Design
Our services are available to clients from all areas of UQ for UQ-related projects. Our rate for graphic design work is $60 per hour - we are resourced to provide a free service to all central areas. We are a small, busy studio, and recommend you contact us at an early point in your project timeline in order to ensure that we can schedule your work and produce it in a timely fashion. Contact us and we will then get in touch with you to arrange a briefing meeting where we can discuss your needs and the scope, timelines and estimated costs of your project.
- Advertising
The cost of specialist advertising will vary depending on your requirements and the type of media used. For further information on advertising costs, please visit the Advertising Office website. Cost calculators are available on the site to provide approximate costs but it is recommended that you contact the Advertising Officer with your specific requirements. A 4% advertising levy is charged to the requesting unit in addition to the media cost for the setting, booking and despatch of advertisements.
Why does OMC charge for some work?
The core function of OMC is to facilitate the whole of UQ marketing and communications strategy. This core activity is complemented by value added professional and technical services and resources to all units within the University on a competitive cost recovery basis.
Due to the University's largely decentralised structure, and the placement of marketing and communications teams in most Faculties, Schools and Institutes, OMC has not been resourced to service the daily needs of the entire university. For this reason we are able to minimise administrative overheads to all areas by charging non-central units for the work that we are engaged to perform for them and central units for additional ad hoc work that does not have a significant strategic endeavour. All billable work will be charged on a cost recovery basis which ensures that organisational stakeholders are accessing a high quality service at a commercially competitive rate.
How do I become part of the Marketing and Communications Network?
OMC manage a number of mailing lists to help members of the Marketing and Communications Network at UQ communicate. If you are a new staff member working in marketing and/or communications at UQ, send an email with your details to firstname.lastname@example.com and we will ensure that you are added to the lists.
What is Comnet?
Comnet is an email list for marketing, communications and engagement staff to share information among members of the network. Email email@example.com to be added to the list.
Where can I get a UQ purple polo-shirt?
OMC coordinates a large polo-shirt order at the beginning of the year, where each faculty provide their requirements for the year. Before contacting OMC, please ask marketing and communication staff in your area to see if they have shirts available. If your area does not have any polo-shirts and the shirt is for either TSXPO, UQ Open Day, Postgraduate Advice Night or OP Results Advice Night, please email the Marketing team.
Alternatively, your area can purchase their own UQ polo-shirts through the supplier, Ergo. Ergo can be contacted by emailing firstname.lastname@example.com.
If you would like to purchase your own UQ polo-shirt, there are restrictions with regards to the colours and design. Colours are limited to the primary UQ brand colours (gold, purple, green, black) and the design should include the UQ logo on the left and the faculty/school/department embroidered on the right. We recommend keeping to these colours and design so that the shirts are consistent throughout the university and with UQ's Corporate ID guidelines. Please contact the Marketing team at firstname.lastname@example.com if you would like to discuss design options further.
What events do OMC organise and who should I contact?
OMC primarily organises UQ's large student recruitment events held on campus throughout the year. These include: UQ Open Day (St Lucia campus), Careers that shape the world; Postgraduate Advice Night and OP Results Advice Night. If you have any questions about these events, please contact the Marketing team.
The following activities are not organised by OMC:
- School Liaison activities including TSXPO and Guidance Officer's Conference, click here for contacts
- UQ Careers Fair organised by Student Services. Email firstname.lastname@example.com
- Orientation Week and Market Day organised by the Student Centre. Email firstname.lastname@example.com
Does OMC supply UQ merchandise?
OMC does not supply UQ merchandise to areas or departments. The Co-Op Bookshop and UQ Stores St Lucia have a range of UQ merchandise for sale.
How do I hire a UQ pull-up banner for an upcoming event?
OMC offers UQ areas and departments the opportunity to book faculty specific and generic pull-up banners for events and activities.
If your area would be interested in booking pull-up banners please complete the online booking form at least 10 days prior to when you would like to collect the banner/s. OMC will review your booking request and respond within 2-3 business days.
Does OMC have any preferred event suppliers?
OMC have relationships with a range of suppliers that we use for our events including equipment hire, catering, photography, entertainment and audio visual suppliers. Please contact email@example.com or email@example.com for further information.
When should I involve Protocol?
Protocol's involvement with VIP events or visits will depend on the level of guests in attendance. To find out if your event or visit requires Protocol involvement, please visit the Protocol website or email us.
How do I get an item into UQ Update?
Simply click on the request form at the bottom of each Update, fill out the form and email it through by noon of the Thursday before the Update in which you would like the item to appear.
How do I get a copy of the UQ Guides?
Copies are available online, in the UQ Student Centres, at major events such as Open Day and international fairs, and are distributed to secondary schools throughout Queensland. You can also request one to be posted to you, visit www.uq.edu.au/schools.
How do I become a UQ Expert?
UQ staff members can create a profile in the UQ Experts Directory by entering your details online.
How do I get a story in Contact Magazine?
The publication team welcomes editorial contributions via email@example.com. Both publications are planned well in advance of printing. If you are interested in advertising in Contact Magazine, please contact the UQ Advertising Office by email email@example.com or phone 07 5460 1739. For more information, view our rate cards and media kits here.
On this site
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text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|Nov 6, 2001
|Filing date
|May 16, 1995
|Priority date
|Jul 22, 1994
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Nicholas Hart, Gunnar Bjornstrom
|Original Assignee
|International Mobile Satelitte Organization
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (27), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (59), Classifications (12), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for communication via satellite, and in particular but not exclusively for voice or data communication using non-geostationary satellites and/or mobile terminals.
In communication systems which use non-geostationary satellites, the number and orientation of satellites in view of a ground-based terminal varies during a call. Thus, the communication link between the terminal and any one satellite may become weaker as the elevation angle of the satellite decreases and ultimately the link may become inoperable as the satellite moves out of sight of the terminal. It is therefore desirable to select another satellite for communication with the terminal, in a procedure known as "handover". The document U.S. Pat. No. 3,349,398 describes one such method. However, handover between satellites may result in loss of part of the signal, or sudden variations in signal quality, which are unacceptable in voice or data communications.
Furthermore, the line of sight between the terminal and a particular satellite may become obstructed by buildings, trees or other obstacles as the terminal or the satellite moves during a call. This effect is known as "blockage", and leads to fading in the received signal.
Signal fading may also occur when a signal transmitted by a satellite is reflected off the ground or buildings and the reflected signal is received at the terminal together with the direct signal. The phase difference between the direct and reflected signals may lead to destructive interference at the terminal, so that the received signal strength is reduced. This is known as "multipath" fading.
The document WO-A-93 09578 discloses a satellite communication system in which the satellites monitor the quality of signal received from a terminal and determine which one is best suited to handle the call to the terminal. One of the satellites re-transmits the signal received from the terminal to other satellites or gateways.
The conference paper "The Globalstar Mobile Satellite System for Worldwide Personal Communications" by Wiedeman and Viterbi, 3rd International Mobile Satellite Conference, Jun. 16-18 1993, Pasadena, Calif. discloses a communication system in which return link signals are received by two or three satellites; gateway stations measure the signal level of each of these alternate paths and control which signal paths are used. This system is exclusively designed for use with code-divided multiple access (CDMA).
However, CDMA suffers from a number of drawbacks when used for mobile communications. The mobile terminals are complex, since they require a separate decoder for each satellite path. Moreover, CDMA is inefficient in frequency re-use unless the users are evenly distributed, and power levels cannot be freely varied for each user without causing interference for other users. Furthermore significant interference takes place at peak levels of use.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of communication between a terrestrial station and a plurality of terminals using TDMA to address each of the terminals from the terrestrial station, in which diversity is provided in the link between the terrestrial station and each terminal, by sending the same information through two or more satellites.
The information may be sent in the same TDMA time slot through the two or more satellites, or may be sent in different time slots.
In this way, blockage may be reduced without the inherent disadvantages of CDMA.
The terrestrial station may either decode the best received signal from each terminal or may combine all of the received signals to reduce error in the received signal. The terrestrial station may then select a forward link to each terminal through one or more of the satellites according to the quality of signal received from the terminal through the satellites.
Thus, a smooth handover may be achieved and blockage and fading may be reduced.
In order that the selection of satellite for the forward link may be transparent to the terminal, the terrestrial station may calculate the delay in the transmission via the selected satellite and adjust the timing of its transmission accordingly so that the transmitted signal is received by the terminal in the same time slot throughout the call. The calculation may take into account both the variation in delay as the selected satellite moves relative to the earth, and the difference in delay when handing over from one satellite to another, so that the quality of communication is not impaired by handover and complex circuitry is not required in the terminal.
In addition, the terrestrial station may compensate for the Doppler shift in the signal received from the terminal and adjust the frequency of the transmitted signal accordingly so that the terminal receives a signal at a constant frequency throughout a call. The Doppler shift may be partially compensated for by the satellites.
According to another aspect of the present invention, in order to facilitate simultaneous communication with multiple users through one satellite, areas of the earth are divided into a number of fixed regions, with a frequency being assigned to a terminal both for transmission and reception of signals according to the region in which the terminal is located. The locations of the regions are determined according to their positions on the earth, rather than their positions relative to the satellite. Simultaneous communication between different terminals in the same region and at the same frequencies may be achieved by allocating different time slots within a repeating time frame to each of the terminals. Since the different terminals using the same frequencies are contained within a fixed region and the variation in propagation delays is therefore limited, interference between the adjacent time slots is avoided.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of controlling a non-geostationary satellite which generates a plurality of individually steerable beams to provide communications links, in which each beam is directed towards a fixed region of the earth's surface until the beam is no longer suitable for communication with that fixed region as a result of the progress of the satellite relative to the earth's surface. The beam is then redirected to a new fixed region with which satisfactory communication is possible. Calls to the previous fixed region may be routed through another satellite.
In this way, the frequency of beam-to-beam handover may be reduced, without affecting the frequency of satellite-to-satellite handover.
The present invention extends to a terrestrial station having means for performing the functions of one or more of the earth stations or terminals described above.
Specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the forward and return links between an earth station and a mobile terminal;
FIG. 2 is a schematic elevation showing alternative paths between the earth station and the mobile terminal;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the earth station;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the mobile terminal;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of one of the satellites;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of the format of forward and return packets within a frame according to a first embodiment;
FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of spot beam footprints on the earth's surface;
FIG. 8 shows the arrangement of cells on the earth's surface in the first embodiment;
FIG. 9 shows how the beams of a satellite are directed in the first embodiment as the satellite progresses in its orbit;
FIG. 10 is a diagram of the format of forward and return packets within a frame according to a second embodiment; and
FIG. 11 is a diagram of an alternative format to that shown in FIG. 10.
First Embodiment
A first embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 8.
In FIG. 1, a transmitter 2 of a mobile terminal transmits a signal 3. The mobile terminal has a substantially omni-directional antenna, so that the transmitted signal 3 is received by a first satellite 4 a and a second satellite 4 b in view of the mobile terminal. The signal 3 is retransmitted from each satellite 4 a, 4 b as separate signals 3 a and 3 b. These signals 3 a and 3 b are received by an earth station 8 having first and second receivers 8 a and 8 b for receiving signals from the first and second satellites 4 a and 4 b respectively. In this embodiment, the earth station 8 has first and second directional antennas directed towards the first and second satellites 4 a, 4 b respectively. Thus, the same information is received twice by the earth station 8 in the separate signals 3 a and 3 b. The earth station 8 may therefore select the better of the two signals 3 a and 3 b, e.g. the one with the lowest error rate, for conversion to an analog signal for transmission over a public service telephone network (PSTN) 9. Alternatively, if both signals contain errors, data may be derived from both signals to provide a combined signal with fewer or no errors. The combined signal is then analog converted and sent to the PSTN 9.
The earth station 8 also analyses the received signals 3 a and 3 b to determine which is of better quality. Since there is a strong correlation between the strength of a return link from one of the satellites 4 a, 4 b and the strength of a forward link to the portable transmitter 2 through the same satellite 6 a, 6 b, the earth station 8 selects one of the satellites 6 a, 6 b for the forward link to the portable transmitter 2 and generates a selection signal 10.
When a signal is received from the PSTN 9 for transmission to the portable terminal 2, the signal is passed to a transmitter 12 in the earth station. The transmitter 12 selects one of the satellites 4 a, 4 b, as shown schematically in FIG. 1 by a switch 14, in response to the selection signal 10. In this case, the first satellite 4 a is selected as the most suitable for the forward link. The transmitter 12 then transmits a signal 15 to the first satellite 4 a, which retransmits the signal as a signal 15 a to a receiver 16 of the mobile terminal. The transmitter 2 and the receiver 16 may be connected to the same antenna on the mobile terminal, or to separate antennas. In both cases, the receiving antenna is omni-directional and therefore may receive signals from either of the satellites 4 a, 4 b. Thus, the receiver 16 receives a signal 15 through the stronger link.
A situation in which blockage occurs will now be described with reference to FIG. 2. This figure shows a section of the earth's surface on which the earth station 8 and a mobile terminal 18 are located. The first and second satellites 4 a, 4 b are within the line of sight of both the earth station 8 and the mobile terminal 18. The angle of elevation εb of the second satellite 4 b relative to the mobile terminal 18 is greater than the angle of elevation εa of the first satellite 4 a and the path distances between the earth station 8 and the second satellite 4 b, and between the second satellite 4 b and the mobile terminal 18 are shorter than those between the first satellite 4 a and the mobile terminal 18 and earth station 8.
However, in this case the mobile terminal 18 is positioned close to a tall obstacle 20 such as a tree, which obscures the line of sight 1 b between the mobile terminal 18 and the second satellite 4 b. Thus, when the mobile terminal 18 transmits a signal 3, this signal 3 is only weakly received by the second satellite 4 b and thus the retransmitted signal 6 b is more likely to contain errors. The earth station selects the first satellite 4 a as providing a better forward link and transmits the response signal 15 only to the first satellite 4 a. This response signal is retransmitted as signal 15 a to the mobile terminal 18. Since the line of sight 1 a between the first satellite 4 a and the mobile terminal 18 is not obscured, the response signal is received strongly by the mobile terminal 18. The mobile terminal 18 does not need to select from which satellite 4 a, 4 b it is to receive the response signal 15 a, since this is decided at the earth station 8. Selection of the satellites 4 a, 4 b is therefore transparent to the mobile terminal.
If, on the other hand, the mobile terminal 18 were to move such that the obstacle 20 no longer obstructs the line of sight 1 b, then the earth station 8 may receive a better signal from the second satellite 4 b and will therefore select the second satellite 4 b for the forward link.
When different frequencies are used for the forward and return links, and the fading is due to multipath interference, there may not be a strong correlation between the quality of forward and return links. In this case, the mobile terminal 18 transmits information to the earth station 8 relating to the strength of the signal received by the terminal 18 from the earth station 8. If the earth station 8 receives a good return link signal from the first satellite 4 a but information transmitted by the mobile terminal 18 indicates that fading is occurring on the forward link, the earth station 8 may then select the satellite from which the next best signal is received for the forward link. In a case where each satellite generates several overlapping beams for communication with mobile terminals at different frequencies, the earth station 8 selects instead a different beam generated by the first satellite.
The operation of the mobile terminal 18 and the earth station 8 will now be explained with reference to FIGS. 3, 4, and 5.
Earth Station
In this example, analog speech signals are received at the earth station 8 from the PSTN 9 for transmission to the mobile terminals 18. As shown in FIG. 3, the analogue speech signals are digitized and encoded by a codec 81 and the encoded speech is converted into a series of discrete packets at a multiplexer/demultiplexer 82.
The transmission of the packets is controlled by a controller 88 which selects which satellite 4 is to be used for the forward link on the basis of the quality of signal received from each satellite 4. The controller 88 controls a selector 83 to send each packet to one of a plurality of buffers 85 a, 85 b, 85 c. The timing of the output of each buffer 85 is controlled by the controller 88. The packets output from the buffer 85 a, 85 b, 85 c are radio frequency modulated by corresponding RF modulators/demodulators 86 a, 86 b, 86 c, the frequency of modulation being controlled by the controller 88. The RF signals are modulated in different frequency bands selected by the controller 88 according to a selected beam of the satellite 4 in which the signals are to be retransmitted to the mobile terminal 18. The RF signals are transmitted by directional antennas 87 a, 87 b, 87 c which are each steered towards a corresponding satellite 4 a, 4 b, 4 c.
Each directional antenna 87 also receives signals transmitted from mobile terminals on the return link from the corresponding satellite 4, which are radio frequency demodulated by the RF modulators/demodulators 86 to form received packets. The received packets are buffered by the buffers 85 and selected by the selector 83. The series of packets is separated in channels by the multiplexer/demultiplexer 82 and decoded by the codec 81 which may also perform error checking by comparing packets received from the same mobile terminal 18 via different satellites 4. The resultant analog signals are sent to the PSTN 9 on different lines.
The earth station 8 need not be connected directly to the PSTN 9. Instead, earth stations are preferably connected to PSTNs and other fixed and mobile networks through a ground network, as described in patent publications nos. GB-A-2293725 and WO96/03814 both incorporated herein by reference.
Mobile Terminal
As shown in FIG. 4, each mobile terminal 18 includes a microphone 60 in which speech is converted into analog signals. The analog signals are converted to digital signals by an A/D converter 62 and the digital signals are encoded to form the packets by a coder 64. The coded packets are RF modulated by an RF modulator 66 for transmission from an omnidirectional aerial 68.
Signals received through the aerial 68 are RF demodulated by a demodulator 70 as received packets. The received packets are then decoded by a packet decoder 72 to form digital speech signals which are converted to analog speech signals by a D/A converter 74. The analog signals are output to a loudspeaker 76 to produce audible speech. The operation of the mobile terminal 18 is controlled by a control unit 59, such as a microprocessor and/or DSP device, which is connected to additional conventional handset components such as a key pad (not shown).
Referring to FIG. 5, each satellite 4 includes an antenna 90 and a beam-forming device 92, which may be a radiating array antenna and a large Butler matrix as described in Patent publication No. GB-A-2288913 (incorporated herein by reference). The beam-forming device 92 converts signals from each element of the array into signals from a plurality of beams and vice versa. Signals received by the antenna 90 from the mobile terminals 18 are fed via a control unit 94 to an antenna 96 which retransmits the signals towards the earth station in a frequency band corresponding to the beam in which the signals were received. The is antenna 96 may be steered towards the earth station 8. Likewise, signals received from the antenna 96 from the earth station 8 are redirected to one of the beams of the antenna 90 according to the frequency band in which the signals are transmitted from the earth station 8.
For the sake of clarity, a single antenna 90 and beam-forming device 92 are shown. However, since different carrier frequencies are used for the forward and return links, separate receiving and transmitting antennas 90 and beam-forming devices 92 will preferably be used.
Signalling Format
As shown in FIG. 6, the earth station 8 can communicate with a number of mobile terminals 18 at the same time by sending packets R1 to Rn sequentially in a repeating time frame F, the beginning of which is marked by a frame header signal. Each frame F is divided into a number of time slots t1 to tn corresponding to different channels, each channel being assigned to one of the mobile terminals 18 by the earth station 8 when a call is set up.
For example, if the mobile terminal 18 has been assigned to the first channel, it will decode only the packet R1 in the first slot t1 in each frame F to generate a voice signal. The method of multiplexed communication is known as Time Divided Multiple Access, or TDMA.
A channel is assigned to each mobile terminal 18 during call setup by transmitting an instruction signal to the mobile terminal 18 from the earth station 8.
Each mobile terminal 18 is assigned a return channel having a predetermined time slot t, different from that of the forward channel, in the frame F, for transmission of a return packet T1 to Tn. For example, the mobile terminal 18 to which the first slot t1 is assigned for reception of the packet R1 may be assigned the third slot t3 for the transmission of a return packet T1. Different frequencies ff and fr are used for the forward and return channels so that the mobile terminals 18 communicate in full duplex mode.
Alternatively, a half duplex mode could be used, in which the return packets T would be transmitted at the same frequency as the forward packets R, with the forward packets R alternating with the return packets T in the frame F.
Each forward and return packet consists of a header portion 24 containing control information, speech data 26 and a check portion 28 such as a CRC for correcting errors in the speech data 26.
In order to ensure that the correct signal is received by each mobile terminal 18, in the same time slot t in every frame F, the earth station 8 delays the timing of transmission from the buffers 85 to a particular satellite to compensate for the variations in propagation delay via another satellite, and for the change in delay in handing over from one satellite to another. In order to determine the correct timing, the controller 88 of the earth station 8 may include a store unit storing ephemerides of the positions of the different satellites so that their position and range may be calculated at any instant. In addition, the position of each mobile terminal 18 is determined. This may be achieved by comparing the delays in the signals 3 a, 3 b transmitted from the mobile terminal 18 by different satellites 4 a, 4 b. However, this method requires that the signals 3 are received from more than one satellite if an unambiguous measurement is to be achieved. Because of blockage, this may not be possible. Hence, additional position determining methods should be used.
As each satellite 4 a, 4 b generates an array of beams at different angles, the angular position of the mobile terminal 18 relative to a satellite is determined by identifying the beam in which the return signal 3 is detected. In addition, the Doppler shift of the signal 3 is measured to determine the angle of the mobile terminal 18 relative to the direction of motion of the satellite. The position of each mobile terminal 18 is calculated by some or all of the above techniques.
The earth station 8 may store the last known position of each mobile terminal 18, so that position calculation need only be carried out if the mobile terminal 18 is not found in its previous area.
Alternatively, each mobile terminal 18 may include Global Positioning System (GPS) hardware for determining the position of the mobile terminal 18, which information may be incorporated in signals transmitted to the earth station 8.
The timing of transmission of the return packets T is synchronized by the mobile terminal 18 with the timing of the reception of the forward packets R. Since the earth station 8 controls the timing at which the forward packets 12 are received, the timing of the mobile terminal 18 is controlled by the earth station 8. To allow some margin for timing error, the time slots are separated by short intervals, called "guard bands".
Furthermore, the controller 88 of the earth station 8 measures the Doppler shift of the signal 3 received from each mobile terminal and controls the modulation frequency of the RF modulators 86 to compensate for the Doppler shift, so that the signal 15 a is always received by the mobile terminal 18 at the assigned frequency. By the above compensatory techniques, which are carried out at the earth station 8, the processing burden on the mobile terminals 18 is reduced so that their reliability may be increased, their construction may be substantially simplified and they may be manufactured at low cost.
More than one satellite may be selected for the forward link, the signal 15 from the earth station 8 being transmitted to each selected satellite with a timing calculated so that the signals 15 a, 15 b from the satellites 4 a, 4 b arrive simultaneously at the mobile terminal 18.
Beam Arrangement
Each satellite 4 a, 4 b has an array antenna 90, for communication with the mobile terminal 18, which synthesizes a number of overlapping spot beams each having a projected area 50 on the earth's surface of between 1000 km and 3000 km in diameter, as shown in FIG. 7. In FIG. 7, the nadir of the satellite 4 a on the earth's surface is shown at point A and the nadir of the satellite 4 b is shown at point B, with the great circle distance between these points being represented by the horizontal axis. The vertical axis represents distance along a great circle orthogonal to the great circle connecting the nadirs of the two satellites 4 a, 4 b. The mobile terminal 18 is located within the footprint 50 of one spot beam of the satellite 4 a and within the footprint 51 of a spot beam of the satellite 4 b, so that communication is possible via either satellite.
Each array antenna 90 may project 121 beams collectively covering substantially the entire field of view of the satellite 4 a, 4 b.
Fixed Regions
As shown in FIG. 8, the area of the earth's surface is divided by the controller 88 into regions 52 and a sub-carrier transmission and reception frequency pair is assigned to each region 52. Thus, the transmit and receive frequency for each mobile terminal 18 are determined according to the region 52 in which it is located, the regions 52 being fixed relative to the earth's surface. A sample spot beam footprint 50 is shown overlapping a group of regions 52, which are hexagonal in this example.
When a call is set up, the position of the mobile terminal 18 is determined by the controller 88 of the earth station 8 according to the techniques described above and a control signal is transmitted to the mobile terminal 18 to assign a particular pair of frequencies. These frequencies remain unchanged throughout the call unless the mobile terminal 18 itself moves into another cell 52. Each cell 52 has a radius of approximately 200-300 km, so the mobile terminal 18 is unlikely to move frequently between cells 52 during a call. It should be noted that the size and position of each cell is defined with reference to the earth's surface and not to a satellite beam.
In another alternative, the assignment of frequencies to regions may change in a predetermined sequence (so-called "frequency hopping").
All of the mobile terminals 18 within the same cell 52 transmit and receive at the same pairs of frequencies ff and fr, and the signals from the different mobile terminals 18 are separated using TDMA, as shown in FIG. 6. Since the different mobile terminals 18 are contained within the relatively small, fixed area of the cell and are all at approximately the same distance from any one satellite, the variation in the uplink propagation delay between different mobile terminals and any one satellite is limited. In this way, the problem of interference between signals in adjacent time slots is greatly reduced.
The assignment of regions 52 to spot beams is determined at the satellite 4 or at the earth station 8 so that handover of regions 52 between spot beam areas 50 is transparent to the mobile terminal 18.
FIG. 9 shows the allocation of a row of spot beams 51 in the beam pattern of a satellite 4 a to groups of regions 52 at time T0 and at a later time T1. At time T0, overlapping spot beams 51 a to 51 l are directed at centres Ca to Cl of groups of regions 52 on the surface of the earth. As the satellite progresses in its orbit, the spot beams 51 are individually steered so as to remain pointing at their respective centres C.
After T0, the elevation angle of the satellite 4 a with respect to the centre Ca becomes undesirably low for reliable communication. The earth station 8 detects the position of the centre Ca with respect to the satellite 4 a and controls the satellite 4 a by sending control signals to redeploy the beam 51 a to a new centre Cn. By this time, another satellite 4 b (not shown in FIG. 9) is already covering the regions 52 around the centre Ca with one of its spot beams, so that satellite-to-satellite handover is achieved without any interruption of the communication service. At time T1, all of the spot beams 51 have been redeployed except for the beam 51 m.
Thus, the coverage area of the antenna as a whole moves progressively forward, and the antenna boresight or focal direction remains pointing downwards directly below the satellite.
The coverage area of the spot beams 51 of the satellite 4 a progresses in a fashion which may be likened to the progress of a caterpillar or tank track, with the spot beams corresponding to the elements of the track. Each spot beam 51 is individually and continually steered to remain fixed on a centre until it reaches the outermost rearward position of the beam pattern, when it is redeployed to the outermost forward position. However, the overall beam pattern projected by the antenna of the satellite 4 a progresses on a continuous track over the earth's surface with the progression of the satellite. This method provides reduced frequency of beam-to-beam handover, although it does not reduce the frequency of satellite-to-satellite handover.
Preferably, the earth station 8 continuously determines the correct direction for each of the beams 51 and sends control signals to the satellite 4 a to control the direction of the beams 51. However, the means for determining the beam directions may alternatively be incorporated in the satellite, or in a separate ground-based satellite control station.
Second Embodiment
A second embodiment will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, 10 and 11. The second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in the operation of the earth station 8, mobile terminal 18 and satellites 4, and in that the mobile terminal 18 receives signals from different satellites 4 in different time slots.
Signalling Format
As shown in FIG. 10, the mobile terminal 18 communicates with the earth station 8 during allocated time slots t within a repeating time frame T, via the first and second satellites 4 a, 4 b, or via first and second beams of one satellite, at pairs of frequencies f1, f1′ and f2, f2′ respectively.
In the example shown, the earth station 8 transmits a packet Rx1 in time slot t1 via the first satellite 4 a, which packet is received at frequency f1 by the mobile terminal 18. The mobile terminal 18 then transmits a packet Tx1 in time slot t3 at the frequency f1′ via a beam generated by the satellite 4 a. The earth station 8 transmits a packet Rx2, containing the same information as the packet Rx1, via the second satellite 4 b, or via a further beam generated by the satellite 4 a, which retransmits the packet Rx2 to the mobile terminal 18 at frequency f2 in time slot t5. The mobile terminal 18 then transmits a packet Tx2, containing the same information as the packet Tx1, in time slot t7 at the frequency f2′. The packet Tx2 is retransmitted to the earth station 8 by the second satellite 4 b. In this way, the controller 59 has sufficient time to retune the RF modulator 66 or demodulator 70 during the intervening time slots.
Alternatively, two RF demodulators and two RF modulators may be provided in the mobile terminal, tuned to the frequencies f1 and f2 and f1′ and f2′ respectively.
When the mobile terminal has received both the packets Rx1 and Rx2, the packet decoder 72 combines the two, or selects the better packet, for conversion to speech, as in the first embodiment. Similarly, the earth station 8 combines the two transmitted packets Tx1 and Tx2 or selects the better packet, to improve the quality of the signal transmitted to the PSTN 9.
In this example, each time frame T comprises eight time slots t, so that eight mobile terminals 18 can communicate with the earth station 8 at the frequencies f1, f1′, f2 and f2′ using TDMA. However, the allocation of time slots is flexible, to optimize the number of users and quality of communication, as described below.
During call set-up, the mobile terminal 18 monitors pilot signals transmitted by the satellites 4 to determine which satellites are in view and whether any satellite links are blocked. This information is transmitted to the earth station 8. If only one satellite is in view, the earth station 8 allocates only one time slot for transmission and one for reception at the pair of frequencies corresponding to that satellite. The mobile terminal 18 monitors the pilot signals during the calls so that, if another satellite comes into view, the mobile terminal 18 communicates this information to the earth station and further transmit and receive time slots are allocated at the pair of frequencies corresponding to the other satellite. Although in the above example two time slots are allocated for transmission by the mobile terminal 18, only one of the time slots may be used if the return link is satisfactory in order to conserve power and reduce electromagnetic emissions, which is particularly important for hand-held mobile terminals.
The controller 59 of the mobile terminal 18 monitors the quality of signal received from both satellites 4 a and 4 b and normally transmits only during the time slot and at the frequency corresponding to the satellite from which the stronger signal is received. However, if the selected return link provides only a weak signal, as in the case of multipath fading, the earth station 8 communicates this information to the mobile terminal 18 and the alternative return link is selected.
Furthermore, if a greater number of users is to be accommodated at any time, only one time slot for each of transmission and reception may be allocated to each mobile terminal 18.
If none of the satellites provides a link of satisfactory quality, a lower baud rate is selected by the earth station 8 and the voice data is divided into two different packets in each time frame. As shown in FIG. 11, the frequencies f1, f1′ are used for communication via only the first satellite 4 a. The voice data encoded in a single packet Rx1 or Rx2 in the embodiment shown in FIG. 10 is divided between two packets Rxa and RXb which are transmitted at the frequency f1′ by the earth station 8 at half the normal baud rate in time slots t3 and t5 respectively. Likewise, the voice data transmitted by the mobile terminal 18 is divided between two packets Txa and Txb in each time frame T and transmitted in time slots t2 and t6 at half the normal baud rate. The reduction of baud rate reduces the probability of bit errors. Alternatively, two satellite beams may be used for transmission and reception, and the packets Rxa, Rxb and Txa, Txb may be divided between the two beams.
The above technique of selecting a lower baud rate and dividing the transmitted signal into two or more packets may also be employed in the first embodiment.
In the second embodiment, the satellite beams are not steered but sweep across the earth's surface at a constant rate as the satellite 4 progresses in its orbit. As in FIG. 7, the beams overlap so that the mobile terminal 18 is able to communicate via more than one beam at least some of the time. Furthermore, beams from different satellites 4 a, 4 b may overlap so that the mobile terminal 18 is able to communicate via more than one satellite 4 a, 4 b. Transmission or reception frequencies are allocated according to the spot beam in which the mobile terminal 18 falls and not according to the position of the mobile terminal 18 on the earth's surface. As the beams of each satellite 4 sweep over the earth's surface, the mobile terminal 18 will pass from one beam to the next and a call will therefore need to be handed over from beam to beam to reach the mobile terminal 18. This is achieved by determining at the earth station 8 which beam the mobile terminal 18 falls within and allocating a call with the mobile terminal 18 in the appropriate beam. When the mobile terminal 18 is handed over to a new beam, a command signal is sent to the mobile terminal 18 including information on the time slots t and the transmit and receive frequencies to be used by the mobile terminal in the new beam, and the mobile terminal thereafter uses the new frequencies and time slots indicated in the command signal for communication via that satellite 4.
The earth station 8 may use any of a number of well-known techniques to determine to which new beam the mobile terminal is to be handed over and when handover is to take place. For example, since the positions of the satellites 4 and of the mobile terminal 18 are known, the passage of the mobile terminal through the beams projected by any of the satellites 4 is entirely predictable and this information may obviously therefore be used to determine when handover is to take place, and to which beam.
Alternatively, the strength or quality of signals received from the mobile terminal 18 through the current beam may be monitored and handover performed when the signal through the current beam is unacceptable. Diversity may be provided through two beams of the same satellite, providing a soft beam-to-beam handover.
The timing of forward link transmissions is controlled by the earth station 8 and the return link transmissions are synchronized with the reception of forward link signals, as in the first embodiment. However, in the second embodiment the mobile terminals 18 adjust the frequency of transmission on the return link to compensate for Doppler shift detected in the received signals, as well as the earth station 8 compensating for Doppler shift on the forward link.
Since the mobile terminals 18 using the same transmission frequency are no longer confined to a fixed region, the guardbands between time slots at the mobile terminal transmission frequencies are larger in the second embodiment than in the first embodiment, to avoid interference between adjacent time slots on the return link.
Although the above embodiments have been described with reference to a mobile or portable (e.g. hand-held) terminal, transportable or even fixed terminals may be used in the same communications system.
The system is not restricted to any particular constellation of satellites, but may advantageously be applied to satellites in low earth orbits of less than 2000 km altitude or medium earth orbits of between 10,000 and 20,000 km altitude.
Preferably, a subsynchronous orbit of approximately 6 hours' period may be used, corresponding to an altitude of 10355 km.
In both embodiments, the number of time-slots in each time frame may be chosen according to the likely density of users. Although different frequencies are used by the mobile terminals for transmission and reception in the preferred embodiments, a single frequency may be used, with alternate time slots assigned for transmission and reception.
The embodiments are described above for illustrative purposes only and the present invention is not limited in scope thereto.
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Owner name: INTERNATIONAL MOBILE SATELLITE ORGANIZATION, UNITE
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text:
London Design Festival 2015: special offer for Livingetc readers!
by Steve Efstathiou • September 23, 2015 • News • 0 Comments
Tent London and Super Brands London, two of the key players in London's design scene, are delighted to invite all Livingetc readers to join them this week at The London Design Festival 2015.
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Tent London and Super Brands London are the trade shows to visit, as they offer a unique opportunity to catch up with the freshest design ideas from across the globe, including work from both well-established and emerging practices. Approx 450 exhibitors from 29 countries will be represented this year, with some countries presenting work in their own dedicated pavilions.
Opening times for public visitors are Thursday 24 September 10am-7pm; Friday 25 September 10am-8pm; Saturday 26 September 10am-8pm; and Sunday 27 September 11am-6pm, with tickets priced at £12. Both Tent London and Super Brands London take place at the same venue; The Old Truman Brewery, 91 Brick Lane, London E1.
To get your special 2-4-1 ticket offer, exclusive to Livingetc readers, visit the online ticket office and enter the discount code LETC241.
We'll see you there!


text:
Chapter Titles in Chinese, Japanese, and Vietnamese
Chapter 4: Horace Slughorn
(For the romanisation of Chinese and Japanese, see Transliteration. To understand the writing systems of CJV, see Writing Systems. For word order notes, see Word Order)
Where a Vietnamese word has been borrowed from Chinese, the original Chinese character is shown in parentheses.
|Chinese (Mainland)
Huòlāsī Sīlāgéhuò'ēn
| 霍拉斯
Huòlāsī = 'Horace (phonetic)'.
斯拉格霍恩 Sīlāgéhuò'ēn = 'Slughorn (phonetic) '.
|Horace Slughorn
|Chinese (Taiwan)
Hèruìsī Shǐlāhōng
|赫瑞司 Hèruìsī = 'Horace (phonetic)'.
史拉轟 Shǐlāhōng = 'Slughorn (phonetic)'.
|Horace Slughorn
Horasu Suraguhōn
|ホラス・スラグホーン Horasu Suraguhōn = 'Horace Slughorn'.
|Horace Slughorn
|Horace Slughorn
|Horace Slughorn = 'Horace Slughorn' (direct use of English word).
|Horace Slughorn
Horace Slughorn is another whimsical Rowling name.
There does not appear to be a standard transliteration of 'Horace' in Chinese. Possibilities include 霍瑞斯 Huòruìsī, 霍勒斯 Huòlèsī, or 霍里斯 Huòlǐsī. The Mainland translator comes up with 霍拉斯 Huòlāsī. The Taiwanese translation uses the more idiosyncratic 赫瑞司 Hèruìsī.
On the surface, 'slughorn' looks like it might refer to the antennas of a garden slug but could have many other meanings.
All translators have simply attempted to represent the English pronunciation, as 斯拉格霍恩 Sīlāgéhuò'ēn, 史拉轟 Shǐlāhōng, スラグホーン Suraguhōn, and Slughorn respectively.
Both Slughorn's name and the titles of The Slug Club and A Sluggish Memory (both in Book 6) feature puns on Slughorn's name, which the translators have tackled in different ways. See Slughorn, Slug Club, Sluggish at the section on Wordplay for a discussion.
(A summary of this chapter can be found at Harry Potter Facts. Detailed notes on the chapter can be found at Harry Potter Lexicon)
|Chapter 3


text:
Buttock implant woman arrested after Briton's death
A woman suspected of giving a buttock implant injection that killed a British student has been arrested in the US.
Padge Windslowe, a "person of interest" in the death of Claudia Aderotimi, was held as she prepared to host a "pumping party" at which she allegedly planned to administer more people with illegal and potentially deadly buttock-enhancing injections.
The 42-year-old could now face charges over the death of Ms Aderotimi, a 20-year-old aspiring dancer who received the procedure in a Philadelphia hotel last year, according to US police.
Ms Windslowe, who calls herself the "Black Madam", is being held on $10 million (£6.3 million) bail.
She faces charges including aggravated assault and deceptive practices after another of her other clients, described as an "exotic dancer",…


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Review posted on 04 May 2015
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Review About: Generic phentermine (capsules)
on Apr 22, 2016
Duration: 6 months
Prescription filled in:
User Details
Gender: Female
Age: 18-30
These helped a lot but maintaining is difficult
I started on the 15mg but there was no effect so my doc put the dose up to 30mg of the generic capsules and they were good. The effects lasted most of the day, but I did sometimes get hungry at night. Took them for 3 months then had a month off and just coming to the end of another 3 months. Some side effects when I first went on the 30mg dose - insomnia for a couple weeks and headaches, some anxiety but that was a problem for me before. The break was hard so I am worried about maintaining the results but so far I lost just over 40lbs, but that includes putting some back on in the break. I'm happy but not sure if the effects will last so a little scared to stop.


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Musique Lab 2 is the follow-up development of a software suite, first designed in 1999 with high school music teachers, for interactive music manipulations based on MIDI and currently used in more than 2000 classrooms. This second generation, intended both for high schools and conservatories has been commissioned by French Ministry of Education and French… (More)
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Textiles and programming have a rich history with Babbage's analytical engine using jacquard loom style punchcards and Lovelace's description of how to program such a machine. Recently there has been a resurgence of popularity in consumer knitting machines because of open source projects helping people modify and script patterns to 1980's… (More)
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As many of you already know, Alaska Airlines completed its purchase of Virgin America last week. The Alaska Airlines-Virgin America merger has been buzzing in the news for the past few weeks. So, the merger means that Alaska is now the country's 5th largest carrier. Alaska has always been a regional carrier, focused mostly on the West Coast. They have had their own culture and deep roots in markets such as Seattle and Portland. With the acquisition of Virgin America, a lot of new hurdles will need to be overcome. Two very different airlines need to be able to mesh together different cultures and be able to offer passengers a seamless experience.
Virgin America Culture
Virgin America has been Richard Branson's quirky American project. It carries with it all the flair of the Virgin brand, similar to its former sister company Virgin Atlantic. They pride themselves in being fun, and making travel an experience. Just look at Virgin America's safety video. The company culture was more that of a niche carrier than that of a cull service network carrier. They have operating bases in San Francisco, LAX and, to a much smaller degree, in Dallas Love Field. The airline has an all Airbus Fleet (compared to Alaska's all Boeing Fleet) with A319s and A320s. Even with the corporate cultural differences, the fleet integration process will be a hassle.
Virgin America offers the best first class seat in a domestic configuration in the US, in my opinion. They also offer IFE on every seat, and the ability to order on-demand from the entertainment screen. Whereas Alaska has just started to get IFE on its seats only in its newest aircraft, with no mention of updating the rest of the fleet. Both now offer an enhanced economy product, Premium Class on Alaska, and Main Cabin Select on Virgin America.
Merger Issues
Some of the main issues the merger will run into revolve around its codeshare network, frequent flyer programs, and (as mentioned before) cultural integration. Alaska currently codeshares very strongly with American and to a lesser degree with Delta Airlines. The DOJ, as part of the merger conditions, required Alaska to reduce its codeshares with American from Hub-to-Hub city pairs, such as LAX-SEA or PDX-MIA. This will not affect the airline as much as a complete shutdown of the codeshare agreement, but it does limit the ability for frequent flyers to connect between each carrier.
Another issue that will arise will be the frequent flyer programs. Alaska currently offers status match from many domestic airline programs to their Mileage Plan program. Virgin America offers a two tier elite status program, while Mileage Plan is three tiered. I assume that Virgin Elevate Silver will translate to MVP on Alaska, and Elevate Gold will transfer to MVP Gold. The issue of transferring points between each program has been addressed, with Elevate points transferring at 1.3X the Mileage Plan points. This gives a great chance to transfer Starwood points to Alaska Airlines. Alaska and Virgin America will begin reciprocal elite benefits effective immediately and allow the airlines' passengers to connect between the airlines easily.
Landing Thoughts:
I am a big fan of this merger because it will allow Alaska-Virgin to compete better against larger carriers such as Delta, American and United. We have begun to see benefits already with new flights being launched by Alaska, and the slow integration of the elite programs. The airline has also launched a new website promoting the two airlines' combined strengths. It does make me sad, however, to see the Virgin America culture fly into the sunset. I had a chance to fly them once on Main Cabin Select on a very short flight, and I can say it was one of the most pleasant experiences I have had in coach. I truly hope to see enhanced travel benefits and improved Mileage Plan redemption opportunities. Who knows, maybe even the Virgin America brand will live on as Alaska's Premium transcontinental option!
What do you think? Are you in favor or against the Alaska-Virgin Merger? Let us know your thoughts.


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Our small, informal, supportive group is a space where people can talk freely about their experiences as a friend or relative of someone with mental health difficulties.
Caring for someone with mental health problems, although it can be rewarding, is by its nature a stressful experience. It is important that relatives and carers are able to find time for themselves and an outlet for their own feelings. The Friends and Family group is one of the longest-running Mind projects in Oxford. It was set up to provide both emotional and practical support to people who have a relative or friend with a mental health diagnosis.
Members of the group have found that discussing our own experiences of dealing with the impact of mental health problems helps us to feel less alone. By exchanging views and becoming more informed we are also able to cope better in a crisis. Many of us have been attending the group's monthly meetings regularly for several years, others come from time to time or for a short period. We are always pleased to welcome new members.
We meet on: Second Thursday of every month 10.30am-12.00pm
- 14th of December
- 11th of January
- 8th of February
We meet at: Friends' Meeting House, 43 St Giles, Oxford, OX1 3LW
You might also be interested in these links:
- 'How to Cope as a Carer' (leaflet published by national Mind)
- Carers Oxfordshire website


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New homes coming to Beaverton, Oregon
Coming this Spring is Beaverton's most exciting spread of new homes – Pebblestone! With many floor plans available, 14 custom lots, and the quality finishes that an award winning Street of Dreams builder is known for, these homes will be going fast.
Conveniently located near Nike, Intel and Columbia Sportswear, Pebblestone is just minutes away from excellent quality of life, such as Tualatin Hills Park and Rec Center. Floor plans range from 1700 to 2000 square feet, with many elevations and finishes to choose from.
Have we peaked your interest? If so, call Keller Williams Realty Professionals today for more details!
Chris Suarez 503-748-8300 firstname.lastname@example.com
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On Monday, February 28, the Lady Cougars golf team traveled to Sonora to compete in their first tournament of the 2017 season. The girls were paired with the defending 3A state champion Lady Broncos of Sonora and the Wall Lady Hawks. Taylor Tomlinson, our 2016 state qualifier, began her quest to return to state with a strong performance, shooting an 88. She finished in a three-way tie for 4th place, only three strokes off the lead. Elise Baker played really well on the front nine, but found trouble off of the tee on the back carding a 103. Kaitlyn Loehman rounded out our top three posting a 118. The rest of the team of Scarlett Moore, McKenna Behrens and Jaclyn Biggerstaff played great at times, but the course proved to be tough for them as well. For three of the girls this was their first high school tournament, and everyone gained very valuable experience playing with some of the best in the state.
Taylor – 88, Elise – 103, Kaitlyn – 118, Scarlett – 127, McKenna 131, Jaclyn – 139
Team Total – 440
The boys were on the course on Wednesday, March 1st. The conditions turned out to be very tough, with 20 mph winds and even higher gusts out of the north. James Calvert shot an 87 to lead the team. He placed 3rd individually after winning a one hole playoff with a young man from Wall. The two played the par 3 9th hole with James hitting the green while his competitor was short of the green. James was able to make his second putt from 8 feet after the kid from Wall missed his par attempt from off the back of the green. Cameron Bailey finished with a 93 and Paul Moore rounded out the top three with a 97. I know these guys were a little disappointed with their scores, but the wind and cold made for a tough day for the entire field.
James – 87, Cameron – 93, Paul – 97, Jeremiah Moreno – 123, Bryan Ortiz – 126
Team Total – 400


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About Us
Welcome Note
About the College
Mission and Vision
CLC Accreditation
Logistics & Facilities
College Facilities
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Summer Credit Courses
International Summer School
Graduation of Autonoma Students Ceremony
Mena Atta & M Shahin ( Valentines day )
Libleba Egyptian Cinema Icon
Gihan Youssif Elmoez Street
Opera House Documentary Film /Samir Sabry
General Samir Farag Stories Of the 6th of October Victory
Ahmed Morad - Writer
Generation Convention |( Athar El Hakeem)
Generation Convention (Mohamed Galal Abd Elkawe & Rashwan Tawfeek
Adel Mobarez
Gamal Salama
Gaber ElKarmooty (Media and Society Issues)
Mofid Fawzy (Media and Dialogue)
Khaled ElGhandour: (Media and Sports)
Radio Masr (November 2015)
Generation Convention (Simon), October 2015
Soot Elnas (November 2015)
Generation convention (Mohey Ismaeel), October 2015
Book in my life (Dr. Mohamed El Kouly), December 2014
Journalism between Media and Politics (Dr. Mona Makram Ebaid), December 2014
Theater generation convention (Tarek El Dosoky), November 2014
Scenario between the Media and Art (Medhat El-Adl), April 2014
Radio Generations (Amr Abdelhamed, Marwan Kadry, Nermeen El Bamby), November 2014
Media from October war till now (Gamal el Shaer), October 2014
Valentine Day (Hussein Fahmy), November 2012
Generation convention (Eman El Bahr Darwish), November 2014
Summer Training
A training course in El-Mehwar TV Network - Aug.-Sep. 2014
A training course in the Middle East News Agency - June 2014
Academic Journey
Trip to Deutsche Welle in Germany Spring 2016
Trip to Autonoma University in Spain - Summer 2014
Media Production City Trip - April 2014
Coverage of 3rd Luxor African Film Festival - March 2014
Luxor Egyptian & European Film Festival - January 2014
A theatrical presentation "EH-ELHIWAR" - 2013
Zahi Hawass
Mona Elshazly
Photography Techniques (Kamal Abd Elaziz) Dec 2015
Media & Press
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CLC Seniors Day
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Tue October 28, 2014
ندوة الإعلام في حرب اكتوبر والآن
Go to Calender
Trip to Autonoma University in Spain - Summer 2014
A distinguished summer trip for CLC students in terms 1 and 2 that aims at developing the students' skills and knowledge in the fields of Language, Translation and Media in addition to establishing their communication and cultural skills through mingling with different nationalities and acquiring new experience.
The group arrived at Bellaterra, Barcelona at the midnight of Sunday 8th of June in where Autonoma University is located. Monday was a national holiday in Spain so the students had enough time to relax and wander about in all the places round the campus that they were staying in. Dr. Azza Ahmed Heikal, CLC Dean Dr. Heba Nayef, Head of Humanities Department and Ms. Engy Shaker , CLC Assistant Lecture were the academic supervisors who accompanied the students from Egypt's airport all through the trip until they safely arrived back to their parents. An opening ceremony was held for students'' orientation to introduce the activities and lectures set for the students in their ten-day stay. Students attended lectures and training classes in which they were distributed into 3 groups in order to practise on T.V. programming, radio, or journalism. Then students attended two days in the Cinema Festival in Barcelona, in which many seminars were held within the events of the festival. Students also held many interviews that helped them accomplish the projects that they were assigned to do as part of their practical training.
Students attended lectures on script writing and had a visit to the studios inside the College of Communication, in which they practiced actual training in shooting programmes.
As for the cultural trips, students spent an unforgettable evening in a flamingo party in where they enjoyed a welcome party with Fabulous flamingo dancer.. Also, there was a visit to Picasso museum in which students were introduced to Picasso''s tremendous artistic works. Besides, they visited the surrounding churches and old buildings in Barcelona.


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- select colour
it's an internet thing!
it's an internet thing!
09:32 23 April 2013
Liverpool striker, Luis Suarez, who has bitten Chelsea defender Branislav Ivanovic, have issued an apology for his "inexcusable behavior." Suarez took to Twitter and wrote: "I've spoken to Ivanovic on the phone and I could apologise directly to him. Thanks for accepting."
However, his apology isn't enough. He was charged with violent conduct by the FA after the incident. He could be banned for a number of matches if the FA rules that the bite constitutes violent conduct.
A spokesman for the FA said: "It is our contention that the standard punishment of three matches that would otherwise apply is clearly insufficient in these circumstances."
This is the second time that Suarez has bitten a rival. In November 2010, he was given a seven-match ban for biting PSV Eindhoven midfielder Otman Bakkal during a game.
Professional Footballers' Association chairman Gordon Taylor believes that Suarez will not be excluded from the PFA award. However, he described the incident as "embarrassing."
He added: "It is very depressing and embarrassing that it should happen. If it wasn't for all the controversies he's been involved in, he would be a more highly regarded player."
Disclaimer: Supanet is not responsible for, and disclaims any and all liability for the content of comments written by contributors to this website


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captian america by roidboyWatch
©2010-2017 roidboy
drawing dif characters, lol i thought i would try another bust but of ur boy captian, that sheild was a pain in the ass haha hope yall like,
copyright marvel
copyright marvel
Nice work!
awesome dude! i love it exept the top of his head is flat lol. i guess thats the style u drew him in so its all good.
hahah yeah , its just the style i can draw a round head hahah look at spidey XD, glad u like


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, Mississippi (PressExposure) February 28, 2009 -- To say the loss of Mississippi State to Auburn University on the 28th of February at Humphrey Coliseum was disappointing would be an understatement. For the first time this season Mississippi isn't in first or second place. They've dropped to third.
The Bulldogs have now lost three in a row and five of their last six, while the Tigers have won the last six of seven.
This marks the first time Auburn has won at Humphrey Coliseum and the first time they've swept Mississippi since 2000.
Despite their 7-2 lead at the beginning of the game and out-rebounding Auburn 35-32, Mississippi fell to Auburn 76-58, losing at home for the fifth time this season.
Their five point cushion at the beginning of the game would be the only time the Dogs would take the lead. Auburn went on a 13-0 run to hold Mississippi with no score for the next 8:22. Mississippi only shot 27 percent in the first half with just 2 of 11 tries at the arc. They turned over 21 points to Auburn due to turnovers, leaving bulldog fans booing and leaving the stadium empty.
"That's disappointing coming from your fans, but the people inside [the team and the coaches] are the only people that believe we can win anyway. Everyone else hopes we can win. When they do stuff like that it is disappointing but it's about us." Phil turner said on how it felt to hear the fans booing them.
Five Mississippi starters scored in the double digits, but 6 players came off the bench for a total of 35 minutes and were unable to score. The tigers scored 36 points off the bench.
Jarvis Varnado sank 6 of 11 field goals leading Mississippi with 14 points and nine rebounds. Phil turner and Dee Bost netted 12 each and Barry Stewart and Ravern Johnson both contributed 11.
"I know at the half it was very balanced. We had a lot of guys with six points which is what you like to see." Jeff Lebo, coach for Auburn said. "When you have that kind of balance it is hard to concentrate on certain people. We got a little bit from everyone on the team tonight."
Auburn answered with Frankie Sullivan leading with 14 points. Lucas Hargrove and Rasheem Barrett added 12 points each and Braden Knox sank 10.
Mississippi coach Rick Stansbury said of the game, "I did not think we had what we needed to win tonight for whatever reason. We have had some tough losses this season, but I do not think I have gone into the locker room this season after a tough loss thinking our guys did not leave it all on the fl oor. I don't have an answer for whatever reason that happened. I do know this though, Auburn was the better basketball team tonight and they wanted to win tonight more than we did. Being young is no excuse for our play and Jeff (Lebo) had his team prepared better than I had my team prepared."


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Hobbies help high schoolers determine college course
Dear New Shrink, My daughter is currently working on her college applications and I am trying my best to support her. For most of the schools she is applying to she must declare a major. However, she feels very unsure about her future and her high school only offers very basic disciplines so she has only been able to explore the typical... Read more →


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Industrial property trust round-up
There's plenty of money being made in industrial property right now, but we suspect investors will eventually pay the price for it.
Deutsche Industrial Trust(DIT)
Unlock this content
Imagine you're an investment banker (we know it's tough, but try putting your scruples aside for a moment). As a bank-employed head of an industrial listed property trust (LPT), right now you're in a great position. You see, industrial property trusts are currently trading at big premiums to underlying net tangible assets (NTA). Macquarie Goodman Industrial Trust units are trading at a 24% premium to NTA, while Deutsche Industrial Trust's premium is 18%. Down the road at ING Industrial Fund (IIF-$1.83), a stock we don't cover at present, a similar...


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To understand an event, you must know what went on before, and that means going right back to the start. Invaluable and vital for affected patients and bereaved families, our INFORMATION PACKS include heaps of useful stuff. In seeking accountability and responsibility, be prepared for what's ahead. Read on for what's included and more:
How to…
- do a chronology of events and why it's vital
- get hospital medical records the easy way
- check medical records
- prepare an action plan
- get the media interested
- avoid traps and pitfalls
- decipher a root cause analysis report
- deal with hospital administrators
- get the Coroner to investigate
- prepare an action plan for coronial investigation
- prepare if the matter goes to inquest or court
- help children handle loss and sadness
- manage grief and the "closure" furphy
- get public documents using Right To Information (RTI) or Freedom of Information (FOI)
- get medical records for yourself or next-of-kin using RTI and/or FOI
- break through bureaucracy and take the short-cut to satisfaction and justice
- save money before you consult a lawyer by check-list of documentation you'll need.
The workings of hospitals…
- Are some worse than others?
- Errors unlimited
- Devious and brutal
- Time hospitals shaped up!
The impact on you…
- Ethics: Medical errors and lies
- The data, the aftermath, the social impact of medical errors.
Stepping into the legal arena…
- Finding the right lawyers… the Yellow Pages is not a good guide
- Have lawyers pass a 10-point questionnaire before you hire them
- Make sure your lawyer qualifies in the "3 A's"
- Being the right legal client
- Difference between negligence and incompetence
- The five elements of negligence
- Who to sue?
- How much is your claim worth?
- Six simple ways to get all you deserve
- Medical defence examining you
- Expert medical opinions aka "opinions for hire"
- Preparing for the courtroom battlefield
- Private detectives
- Exemplary damages
- The art of litigating
- Ploughing through the court process
- To settle or not to settle.
About to go off to hospital? Find out how best to AVOID HOSPITAL STUFF-UPS


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Secure Lossy Transmission of Vector Gaussian Sources
The authors explain the secure lossy transmission of a vector Gaussian source to a legitimate user in the presence of an eavesdropper, where both the legitimate user and the eavesdropper have vector Gaussian side information. The aim of the transmitter is to describe the source to the legitimate user in a way that the legitimate user can reconstruct the source within a certain distortion level while the eavesdropper is kept ignorant of the source as much as possible as measured by the equivocation. They obtain an outer bound for the rate, equivocation and distortion region of this secure lossy transmission problem. This outer bound is tight when the transmission rate constraint is removed.