text:
Contact Info / Websites
Recent Audio Reviews
Rated 4.5 / 5 stars
Ooh, electric piano is so cheesy...
Ha, remember thats what you said?
Pretty cool piece overall, but you shouldn't be afraid to experiment with new sounds and shit, but to be fair you made this in a day so... yeah.
Also i like the squelchy bass/reese/whatever.
except the electric piano it is all my own sounds i think. yeah its a reese :)
Reasoner- Dear World
Rated 5 / 5 stars
This is real
its brilliant how you manage to get out so much emotion from something as simple as piano and some ambience, its really moving :) please carry on making stuff like this
Spybreak! mix
Rated 4.5 / 5 stars
i like
nice. its not as good as some of your other stuff but its cool all the same. the bit at around 1:00 was kinda confusing but it was interesting all the same.
nice work
lawrie =]
not really, the guitar effect is in the real theme. just had to find an effect that sounded like it


text:
Design Edge Canada is the largest-circulation magazine for graphic designers in Canada. Published six times per year, the magazine focuses on design news ...
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Lifestyle | Windows
Design Edge Canada is the largest-circulation magazine for graphic designers in Canada. Published six times per year, the magazine focuses on design news and trends, including case studies, profiles and the popular "Relogo" department. Other features include regular design software reviews, a font contest, and events. Design Edge also produces the annual Regional Design Awards (The Reggies). -------------------- Paid-for application downloads include one issue of the user's choice. Further future issues and back issues can be purchased within the app. Subscriptions are also available within the application. A subscription will start from the next released issue. Available subscriptions are: 12 months: £10.99/ US$15.99 [6 issues] -The subscription will renew automatically unless cancelled more than 24 hours before the end of the current period, you will be charged for renewal within 24 hours of the end of the current period, for the same duration and at the current subscription rate for the product. -You may turn off the auto-renewal of subscriptions through your Account Settings, however you are not able to cancel the current subscription during its active period. -Payment will charged to your iTunes account at confirmation of purchase and any unused portion of a free trial period, if offered, will be forfeited when a subscription to that publication is purchased Bundles of single issues can be also be bought within the application. To use purchased credits, simply click on the issue price and select 'use credit'. This allows you to purchase back issues at reduced prices. Users can register for/ login to a pocketmags account in-app. This will protect their issues in the case of a lost device and allow browsing of purchases on multiple platforms. Existing pocketmags users can retrieve their purchases by logging into their account. We recommend loading the app for the first time in a wi-fi area so that all issue data is retrieved. If your app will not load past the splash page after a first install or an update please delete and reinstall the app from the App Store Help and frequently asked questions be accessed in-app and on pocketmags. If you have any problems at all please do not hesitate to contact us: firstname.lastname@example.com -------------------- You can find our privacy policy here: http://www.pocketmags.com/privacy.aspx You can find our terms and conditions here: http://www.pocketmags.com/terms.aspx
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Books & Reference | iPhone, iPad
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Professor Richard Bush
Global Innovation Chair, International Centre for Balanced Land Use
Office - DVC (Research and Innovation) (Earth Sciences)
- Email:firstname.lastname@example.com
- Phone:(02) 4033 9229
From the ground up
Prominent Australian Geoscientist Professor Richard Bush is the Global Innovation Chair at the International Centre for Balanced Land Use.
Based at the University of Newcastle's Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources (NIER), the Centre is a joint partnership with the New South Wales Department of Industry through the NSW Department of Primary Industries and the Division of Resources and Energy.
"We aim is to harness the expertise of researchers across the University of Newcastle and the NSW Government to address the food, water and energy security challenges we face nationally and internationally. Most importantly, we are investigating issues of critical importance to the economic growth and sustainability of NSW," Richard says.
The collaborative framework of the Centre provides a practical, independent, and multidisciplinary platform to directly inform policy and address complex issues related to economic, environment, and social balance in regional communities.
"Our research will help decision making processes by taking into account the needs of industry and community to inform policy and investment," he says.
As a specialist in the area of land and water management, natural resource assessment, land use planning and geoscience based technologies, Richard Bush will be leading strategies to:
- enhance community support for key regional industries;
- reduce the impacts of agriculture and industry development on air, land, soil and water resources. This includes technologies and systems to rehabilitate land to highly productive uses for food production;
- increase biodiversity offsets and improve water management.
The health and wellbeing of regional communities and their economies is an important focus for the Centre.
Current research efforts examine:
- how communities can collectively stimulate regional economic growth;
- the facilitation of multi-industry collaboration;
- promotion of regional investment in education and infrastructure;
- enhancement of health safety and environmental outcomes of regional workforces and communities.
Interdisciplinary Innovation
A specialist in the area of soil science and soil water interactions, Richard has published over 200 scientific reports and won in excess of $6 million dollars of competitive funding in the past five years.
Richard was a founding Director of Southern Cross GeoScience - a Special Research Centre of Southern Cross University with a focus on environmental and water systems.
With extensive experience gained from overseeing the large interdisciplinary Southern Cross team, Richard has a clear idea of how the new UON Centre will contribute to balanced land use outcomes.
"Genuine interdisciplinary research tackling significant, substantial or complex problems hopefully leads to innovation."
Building a team
The Centre will have strong synergies with several UON research groups including:
- Centre for Urban and Regional Studies
- Centre for Social Research and Regional Futures
- Centre for Resources Health & Safety
- Centre for Water, Climate and Land Use
- Centre for Rural and Remote Mental Health
- Global Centre for Environmental Remediation
"We see great benefit in bringing people together around shared objectives. Critical to our success will be exploring potential projects with government and industry partners."
Impacting on policy
Collaborating directly with state government departments gives the International Centre for Balanced Land Use very clear connection to the research expertise in NSW government agencies and departments.
"We aim to work collaboratively to inform strategic decision making about how we balance critical resources like land, energy and water, Richard says.
"It's the capacity to sustain industry and at the same time protect the environment to balance quality of life with the capacity to produce."
Learning from China
In 2016, Richard was awarded a fellowship with the Chinese Academy of Science, where he will be collaborating with the Academy's Research Institute for Ecology and Water Quality. Richard will be studying the impacts of the Three Gorges Dam project.
"Studying another society with land and water challenges would be very helpful, particularly as our Centre and research mission is as much international, as national," Richard says.
"Regional communities in Australia are in transition. There is increased opportunity for innovative intensive agriculture and a need to diversify resource intensive regions into more dynamic and innovative economies."
"We can learn from the vitality and the tenacity of China to bring about change, to see what works for them and what doesn't."
From the ground up
Professor Richard Bush is heading UON's International Centre for Balanced Land Use.
Career Summary
competitive funding to support his research.
- Doctor of Philosophy, University of New South Wales
- Bachelor of Science, University of New South Wales
- environmental science
- rivers
- soil science
- strategic land use
- wetlands
Fields of Research
|Organic Geochemistry
|Surfacewater Hydrology
|Inorganic Geochemistry
Professional Experience
UON Appointment
|Organisation / Department
|Global Innovation Chair, International Centre for Balanced Land Use
|University of Newcastle
Newcastle Institute for Energy and Resources
|Global Innovation Chair, International Centre for Balanced Land Use
|University of Newcastle
Office - DVC (Research and Innovation)
Academic appointment
|Organisation / Department
|1/01/2005 - 31/12/2010
|ARC ARF Fellow
|Southern Cross University
|1/01/2003 - 31/12/2005
|ARC APDI Fellow
|Southern Cross University
|1/01/1999 - 31/12/1999
|Postdoctoral Research Fellow
|CRC for Sustainable Tourism
|Organisation / Department
|1/01/2017 - 31/12/2017
|NSW Hunter Region Community Consultative Committee for Natural Resources
|NSW Hunter Region Community Consultative Committee for Natural Resources
|1/01/2017 - 31/12/2017
|Scientific Reference Panel on Acid Sulfate Soils, Murray Darling Basin Authority
|Murray Darling Basin Authority
|1/01/2012 - 31/12/2017
|Chair, Scientific Panel, National Acid Sulfate Soil Conference
|National Acid Sulfate Soil Conference
|1/01/2012 - 31/12/2012
|Organising Committee, National Acid Sulfate Soil Conference
|National Acid Sulfate Soil Conference
|1/01/2010 - 31/12/2010
|Appointed Independent Member, KYNA Community Consultative Committee, SA Government
|KYNA Community Consultative Committee, SA Government
Professional appointment
|Organisation / Department
|1/01/2007 - 31/12/2015
|Director, Southern Cross GeoScience
|Southern Cross University
|1/01/2003 - 31/12/2005
|Salinity Team Leader
|NSW Department of Land and Water Conservation
|1/01/1999 -
|Founding Partner
|Founding Partner, RISATEC Pty Ltd.
|1/01/1994 - 31/12/1995
|Scientific Officer (Soils and Water)
|NSW Agriculture
Appointment in the âProgram of High-end Foreign Experts"
State Administration of Foreign Experts Affairs (SAFEA)
Australian Society of Soil Science Publication Medal
Society of Soil Science Publication
Vice Chancellors Award for âExcellence in Researchâ
Southern Cross University
For publications that are currently unpublished or in-press, details are shown in italics.
Chapter (15 outputs)
|Sullivan LA, Bush RT, Burton ED, Ritsema CJ, van Mensvoort MEF, 'Acid Sulfate Soils', Handbook of Soil Sciences Properties and Processes, Second Edition, CRC Press, London (2011)
|Keene AF, Bush RT, Cheetham MD, Erskine WD, 'Pool-riffle reformation and induced bed armouring in a sand-bed stream following river rehabilitation', Sediment Dynamics in Changing Environments, International Assn of Hydrological Sciences Press, Christchurch, New Zealand 576-583 (2008)
|Cheetham MD, Keene AF, Erskine WD, Bush RT, Jacobsen G, 'Connecting the disconnected: Longitudinal correlation of river terrace remnants', Sediment Dynamics in Changing Environments, International Assn of Hydrological Sciences Press, Christchurch, New Zealand 123-129 (2008)
|Show 12 more chapters
Journal article (98 outputs)
Choppala G, Kunhikrishnan A, Seshadri B, Park JH, Bush R, Bolan N, 'Comparative sorption of chromium species as influenced by pH, surface charge and organic matter content in contaminated soils', Journal of Geochemical Exploration, (2017)
Moon EM, Bush RT, Gibbs DHM, Mata JP, 'Divergent Fe and S mineralization pathways during the oxidative transformation of greigite, Fe3S4', CHEMICAL GEOLOGY, 468 42-48 (2017)
Tulipani S, Schwark L, Holman AI, Bush RT, Grice K, '1-Chloro-n-alkanes: Potential mangrove and saltmarsh vegetation biomarkers', Organic Geochemistry, 107 54-58 (2017)
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd Chlorinated hydrocarbons with biological sources occur in high abundance and diversity in living organisms as well as in sedimentary environments. Although so... [more]
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd Chlorinated hydrocarbons with biological sources occur in high abundance and diversity in living organisms as well as in sedimentary environments. Although some of these compounds are potentially highly source-specific and sufficiently degradation-resistant, their capacity as sedimentary biomarkers remains under-investigated. Distinct series of long-chain 1-chloro-n-alkanes have previously been reported in three species of European saltmarsh vegetation; however, these compounds have never been further investigated in a more diverse plant population. Here we report the presence of similar series with a typical higher plant odd/even carbon number predominance in species of Australian mangrove and saltmarsh vegetation, including the black mangrove Lumnitzera racemosa, the grass Sporobolus virginicus and samphire, supporting the potential use of long-chain 1-chloro-n-alkanes as halophyte biomarkers. Based on carbon stable isotope values, which were reported here for the first time, and similarities in their distributions, we propose that the biosynthetic pathway of chloroalkanes is linked to that of other n-alkyl plant wax components.
Choppala G, Bush R, Moon E, Ward N, Wang Z, Bolan N, Sullivan L, 'Oxidative transformation of iron monosulfides and pyrite in estuarine sediments: Implications for trace metals mobilisation', Journal of Environmental Management, 186 158-166 (2017) [C1]
Choppala G, Bolan N, Kunhikrishnan A, Bush R, 'Differential effect of biochar upon reduction-induced mobility and bioavailability of arsenate and chromate', Chemosphere, 144 374-381 (2016) [C1]
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Heavy metals such as chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) occur in ionic form in soil, with chromate [Cr(VI)] and arsenate As(V) being the most pre-dominant forms.... [more]
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Heavy metals such as chromium (Cr) and arsenic (As) occur in ionic form in soil, with chromate [Cr(VI)] and arsenate As(V) being the most pre-dominant forms. The application of biochar to Cr(VI) and As(V) spiked and field contaminated soils was evaluated on the reduction processes [(Cr(VI) to Cr(III)] and [As(V) to As(III))], and subsequent mobility and bioavailability of both As(V) and Cr(VI). The assays used in this study included leaching, soil microbial activity and XPS techniques. The reduction rate of As(V) was lower than that of Cr(VI) with and without biochar addition, however, supplementation with biochar enhanced the reduction process of As(V). Leaching experiments indicated Cr(VI) was more mobile than As(V). Addition of biochar reversed the effect by reducing the mobility of Cr and increasing that of As. The presence of Cr and As in both spiked and contaminated soils reduced microbial activity, but with the addition of biochar to these soils, the microbial activity increased in the Cr(VI) contaminated soils, while it was fur ther decreased with As(V) contaminated soils. The addition of biochar was effective in mitigating Cr toxicity by reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III). In contrast, the conversion process of As(V) to As(III) hastened by biochar was not favourable, as As(III) is more toxic in soils. Overall, the presence of functional groups on biochar promotes reduction by providing the electrons required for reduction processes to occur as determined by XPS data.
Wang Z, Xiao D, Bush RT, Liu J, 'Coprecipitated arsenate inhibits thermal transformation of 2-line ferrihydrite: Implications for long-term stability of ferrihydrite', Chemosphere, 122 88-93 (2015)
© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. 2-line ferrihydrite, a ubiquitous iron oxy-hydroxide found in natural and engineered systems, is an efficient sink for the toxic metalloids such as arsenic. ... [more]
© 2014 Elsevier Ltd. 2-line ferrihydrite, a ubiquitous iron oxy-hydroxide found in natural and engineered systems, is an efficient sink for the toxic metalloids such as arsenic. While much is known of the excellent capacity of ferrihydrite to coprecipitate arsenate, there is little information concerning the long-term stability of arsenate-accumulated ferrihydrite. By thermal treatment methodology, the expedited transformation of ferrihydrite in the presence of coprecipitated arsenate was studied at varying As/Fe ratios (0-0.5) and different heating temperature (40, 300, 450, 600. °C). Pure and transformed minerals were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Electron Spin Resonance (ESR), Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Arsenate was found to retard the thermal transformation of ferrihydrite. The extents of ferrihydrite transformation to hematite decreased with increasing As/Fe ratios, but increased at a higher heating temperature. It is predicted that the coprecipitated arsenate can stabilize the amorphous iron oxides against the transformation to more crystalline solids. Arsenate concentration appears to play an important role in this predicted long-term stability.
Kraal P, Burton ED, Rose AL, Kocar BD, Lockhart RS, Grice K, et al., 'Sedimentary iron-phosphorus cycling under contrasting redox conditions in a eutrophic estuary', Chemical Geology, 392 19-31 (2015)
© 2014 Elsevier B.V.. Phosphorus (P) is often a limiting nutrient within freshwater and estuarine systems, thus excess inputs of P from anthropogenic activities (dominantly agric... [more]
© 2014 Elsevier B.V.. Phosphorus (P) is often a limiting nutrient within freshwater and estuarine systems, thus excess inputs of P from anthropogenic activities (dominantly agriculture) can induce eutrophication in receiving water bodies. The sequestration of P within estuarine sediments is controlled by sorption and precipitation processes, which are impacted by local redox conditions and burial environment. Despite the global spread of oxygen depletion in coastal marine systems, P burial under reducing conditions remains poorly understood. We investigated P cycling in relation to iron (Fe) redox chemistry in sediments from the eutrophic Peel-Harvey Estuary in Western Australia, using a combination of porewater analysis, sequential chemical P extractions, synchrotron-based micro-scale X-ray fluorescence mapping and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and PO 4 3- sorption experiments. The sediments represented redox regimes varying from strongly reducing, organic-rich sediments with little or no reactive Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides to oxygenated sediments that were enriched in reactive Fe(III) phases. Organic P and Fe-associated P were the main P burial phases, and the latter was quantitatively important even in sediments with an overall strongly reducing character. We attribute this to adsorption of P onto micro-scale Fe(III) oxyhydroxide enrichments and/or Fe-bearing clay minerals. The organic-rich sediments showed a strong decline in P contents with depth; P was released from organic matter and Fe phases but apatite precipitation was apparently inhibited in these sediments. Despite greater and stronger PO 4 3- sorption capacity, the oxic sediments contained relatively little P due to a lack of the primary P source in marine sediments: organic matter. Our results provide detailed insight into P burial in dynamic estuarine sediments and show that micro-scale spectroscopic analyses greatly advance our understanding of P sequestration processes.
Wong VNL, Johnston SG, Burton ED, Hirst P, Sullivan LA, Bush RT, Blackford M, 'Seawater inundation of coastal floodplain sediments: Short-term changes in surface water and sediment geochemistry', Chemical Geology, 398 32-45 (2015)
© 2015 . Coastal floodplains are highly vulnerable to seawater inundation as a result of storm surge and sea-level rise due to their low elevation and proximity to the coastline.... [more]
© 2015 . Coastal floodplains are highly vulnerable to seawater inundation as a result of storm surge and sea-level rise due to their low elevation and proximity to the coastline. Intact soil cores from a levee, acid-sulfate soil scald and four backswamp sites on a coastal floodplain in eastern Australia were inundated with artificial seawater treatments (0%, 50% and 100%) for 14days to examine the short term consequences for surface water and floodplain sediment geochemistry. All sites displayed an initial decrease in surface water pH following inundation with 50% and 100% seawater. In addition, higher concentrations of trace metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn) were observed in most sites inundated with 50% or 100% seawater. This was generally attributed to competitive exchange and desorption of trace metals from sediments due to the higher ionic strength of the seawater solutions and upward diffusive flux of metals from the sediments to surface waters. At one backswamp site, reductive processes had established by day 7, which also resulted in elevated Fe 2+ concentrations in the overlying surface waters. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) identified the presence of poorly crystalline ferrihydrite and schwertmannite, and goethite and jarosite. These meta-stable Fe(III) minerals can act as a source of metals for desorption and can also be readily reduced and act as a source of Fe 2+ to surface waters. Importantly, inundation with either 50% or 100% seawater resulted in a similar magnitude of acidity and trace metal mobilisation. The data suggest that an inundation event of ~0.2m depth with either 50% or 100% seawater could cause a pulse mobilisation of up to 64.8 and 9.1kgha -1 of Fe and Al, respectively - quantities of similar magnitude to previous estimates of annual drainage fluxes from similar backswamps. This study suggests that the short term inundation of coastal floodplain sediments by either brackish water or seawater will result in rapid declines in surface water quality as a result of increased liberation of acidity and trace metals.
Vithana CL, Sullivan LA, Burton ED, Bush RT, 'Stability of schwertmannite and jarosite in an acidic landscape: Prolonged field incubation', Geoderma, 239 47-57 (2015) [C1]
© 2014 Elsevier B.V. Schwertmannite and jarosite are two of the main secondary iron(III) minerals commonly found in acidic, iron and sulfate-rich environments such as acid mine d... [more]
© 2014 Elsevier B.V. Schwertmannite and jarosite are two of the main secondary iron(III) minerals commonly found in acidic, iron and sulfate-rich environments such as acid mine drainage and coastal acid sulfate soils (CASS). Both minerals exert major influence on the water and soil quality in these environments. While there are many studies conducted on the stability of these two minerals under controlled laboratory conditions, the behaviour of schwertmannite and jarosite under field conditions and the factors influencing their behaviour have not been investigated directly. In the present study, we examined the net transformation of introduced schwertmannite and jarosite samples incubated in a typical acidic CASS environment. Pure (synthetic) schwertmannite and jarosite samples were exposed to two main chemical regimes: 1) aerobic-acidic water column and 2) anaerobic-neutral sediment in a CASS environment. Changes in mineralogy, micromorphology, and composition of schwertmannite and jarosite samples were monitored over a period of 12months. Schwertmannite suspended in the water column and buried in sediments transformed to goethite by the end of 12months but more quickly in anoxic, reducing sediments. However, schwertmannite incubated in the acidi c water column transformed at a much faster rate than those reported for acidic and aerobic conditions in the laboratory. Jarosite incubated in both the water column and sediments was also transformed to goethite but at a much slower rate than schwertmannite. Dissimilatory microbial reduction and Fe 2+ -catalysed transformation likely played a major role in accelerating the transformation of both minerals to goethite in sediments. The transformation of both minerals in the water column was sensitive to the hydrological conditions and fluctuations in the water column in relation to antecedent rainfall. In comparison, the sediment's geochemistry was relatively stable and consequently the rate of transformation and dissolution of both schwertmannite and jarosite in this environment was not appreciably affected by variable hydrology.
Vithana CL, Sullivan LA, Bush RT, Burton ED, 'Schwertmannite in soil materials: Limits of detection of acidified ammonium oxalate method and differential X-ray diffraction', Geoderma, 249-250 51-60 (2015) [C1]
© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Schwertmannite is a secondary iron mineral, found in acid mine drainage (AMD) and acid sulfate soils (ASS), that generates acidity when it transforms to stab... [more]
© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Schwertmannite is a secondary iron mineral, found in acid mine drainage (AMD) and acid sulfate soils (ASS), that generates acidity when it transforms to stable mineral phases. Acidity liberated during schwertmannite transformation can seriously diminish water quality and soil health. Acidified ammonium oxalate (AAO) extraction in the dark coupled with differential X-ray diffraction (DXRD) analysis is routinely used to identify and to quantify poorly crystalline iron oxide phases such as schwertmannite in AMD environments. However, management of ASS environments is largely impacted due to lack of reliable methods to identify/quantify schwertmannite in soil materials. Our study aimed to evaluate the 15. min AAO extraction method to identify/quantify schwertmannite in soil materials. We extracted soil samples spiked with synthetic and natural schwertmannite (termed as natural organic rich schwertmannitic material) with acidified ammonium oxalate (AAO) for 15. min. We also examined soil samples spiked with schwertmannite through the DXRD analysis under ideal conditions assuming that only schwertmannite would dissolve during the extraction. Our data show that synthetic schwertmannite dissolved partially during the 15. min AAO extraction and as a result the recovered Fe content from schwertmannite-spiked soils was underestimated by ~. 20%. The data also show that soil materials could also influence the recovery of schwertmannite. Fe/S molar ratios of schwertmannite spiked at higher rates (2% and 5%) were closer to the expected ratios. In addition to schwertmannite, goethite and other unidentified minerals in natural organic rich schwertmannitic material also dissolved during the 15. min extraction time. The DXRD analysis data show that schwertmannite in soil materials at contents > . 5% may be identifiable through this approach. Our findings highlight that both the 15. min AAO extraction procedure and the DXRD analysis have limited applicability towards detecting schwertmannite accurately in soil materials.
Li S, Bush RT, 'Rising flux of nutrients (C, N, P and Si) in the lower Mekong River', Journal of Hydrology, 530 447-461 (2015)
© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Changing human land use is accelerating global element cycling and appreciably altering ecosystems in the riverine-estuarine systems. This is evident by dram... [more]
© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Changing human land use is accelerating global element cycling and appreciably altering ecosystems in the riverine-estuarine systems. This is evident by dramatic shifts in the supply of nutrients (C, N, P, Si). However, very little is known about the magnitude and rates of these changes. We examine the Mekong, one of the world largest rivers, to assess on a whole-of-system scale, the spatial, monthly and inter-annual flux of nutrients and stoichiometric ratios using a huge data-set (1985-2011). Seasonal and spatial patterns are apparent and linked to hydrology. The estimated mean flux (Ã10 9 mol/y) of elements from the Mekong at Pakse are 414.5 for DIC, 4.1 for DIN (3.3 for NO 3 - -N and 0.8 for NH 4 + -N), 10.2 for TN, 0.32 for DIP, 0.46 for TP and 62.8 for DSi, respectively, which are intermediate relative to other large rivers. However, compared to the river reach at Pakse, the total river fluxes are two-fold greater for C, N, P and DSi. Annual flux increases significantly for DIC, NO 3 - -N, DIN, TN and DSi, and is especially pronounced for all N and P species during the recent decade (1998 onward). Distinct shifts of nutrient stoichiometry, with far-reaching changes for phytoplankton productivity in the Mekong estuary are also evident, as the system shifts from potentially N limited to P limited. These notable changes to the exports and ratios of nutrient variables and anthropogenically-driven nutrient concerns are becoming a defining feature of the Mekong Plume to the South China Sea.
Li S, Zhang Q, Bush RT, Sullivan LA, 'Methane and CO
© 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Controversy surrounds the green credentials of hydroelectricity because of the potentially large emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) fro... [more]
© 2015, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. Controversy surrounds the green credentials of hydroelectricity because of the potentially large emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) from associated reservoirs. However, limited and patchy data particularly for China is constraining the current global assessment of GHG releases from hydroelectric reservoirs. This study provides the first evaluation of the CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from China¿s hydroelectric reservoirs by considering the reservoir water surface and drawdown areas, and downstream sources (including spillways and turbines, as well as river downstream). The total emission of 29.6¿Tg CO 2 /year and 0.47¿Tg CH 4 /year from hydroelectric reservoirs in China, expressed as CO 2 equivalents (eq), corresponds to 45.6¿Tg CO 2 eq/year, which is 2-fold higher than the current GHG emission (ca. 23¿Tg CO 2 eq/year) from global temperate hydropower reservoirs. China¿s average emission of 70¿g CO 2 eq/kWh from hydropower amounts to 7¿% of the emissions from coal-fired plant alternatives. China¿s hydroelectric reservoirs thus currently mitigate GHG emission when compared to the main alternative source of electricity with potentially far great reductions in GHG emissions and benefits possible through relatively minor changes to reservoir management and design. On average, the sum of drawdown and downstream emission including river reaches below dams and turbines, which is overlooked by most studies, represents the equivalent of 42¿% of the CO 2 and 92¿% of CH 4 that emit from hydroelectric reservoirs in China. Main drivers on GHG emission rates are summarized and highlight that water depth and stratification control CH 4 flux, and CO 2 flux shows significant negative relationships with pH, DO, and Chl-a. Based on our finding, a substantial revision of the global carbon emissions from hydroelectric reservoirs is warranted.
Li S, Bush RT, 'Revision of methane and carbon dioxide emissions from inland waters in India', Global Change Biology, 21 6-8 (2015)
Ling YC, Bush R, Grice K, Tulipani S, Berwick L, Moreau JW, 'Distribution of iron- and sulfate-reducing bacteria across a coastal acid sulfate soil (CASS) environment: Implications for passive bioremediation by tidal inundation', Frontiers in Microbiology, 6 (2015)
© 2015 Ling, Bush, Grice, Tulipani, Berwick and Moreau. Coastal acid sulfate soils (CASS) constitute a serious and global environmental problem. Oxidation of iron sulfide mineral... [more]
© 2015 Ling, Bush, Grice, Tulipani, Berwick and Moreau. Coastal acid sulfate soils (CASS) constitute a serious and global environmental problem. Oxidation of iron sulfide minerals exposed to air generates sulfuric acid with consequently negative impacts on coastal and estuarine ecosystems. Tidal inundation represents one current treatment strategy for CASS, with the aim of neutralizing acidity by triggering microbial iron- and sulfate-reduction and inducing the precipitation of iron-sulfides. Although well-known functional guilds of bacteria drive these processes, their distributions within CASS environments, as well as their relationships to tidal cycling and the availability of nutrients and electron acceptors, are poorly understood. These factors will determine the long-term efficacy of "passive" CASS remediation strategies. Here we studied microbial community structure and functional guild distribution in sediment cores obtained from 10 depths ranging from 0 to 20 cm in three sites located in the supra-, inter- and sub-tidal segments, respectively, of a CASS-affected salt marsh (East Trinity, Cairns, Australia). Whole community 16S rRNA gene diversity within each site was assessed by 454 pyrotag sequencing and bioinformatic analyses in the context of local hydrological, geochemical, and lithological factors. The results illustrate spatial overlap, or close association, of iron-, and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in an environment rich in organic matter and controlled by parameters such as acidity, redox potential, degree of water saturation, and mineralization. The observed spatial distribution implies the need for empirical understanding of the timing, relative to tidal cycling, of various terminal electron-accepting processes that control acid generation and biogeochemical iron and sulfur cycling.
Li S, Bush RT, 'Changing fluxes of carbon and other solutes from the Mekong River', Scientific Reports, 5 (2015)
Rivers are an important aquatic conduit that connects terrestrial sources of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and other elements with oceanic reservoirs. The Mekong River, one of ... [more]
Rivers are an important aquatic conduit that connects terrestrial sources of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and other elements with oceanic reservoirs. The Mekong River, one of the worlds largest rivers, is firstly examined to explore inter-annual fluxes of dissolved and particulate constituents during 1923-2011 and their associated natural or anthropogenic controls. Over this period, inter-annual fluxes of dissolved and particulate constituents decrease, while anthropogenic activities have doubled the relative abundance of SO 4 2-', Cl -' and Na +. The estimated fluxes of solutes from the Mekong decrease as follows (Mt/y): TDS (40.4) > HCO 3 -' (23.4) > Ca 2+ (6.4) > SO 4 2-' (3.8) > Cl -' (1.74)~Na + (1.7) ~ Si (1.67) > Mg 2+ (1.2) > K + (0.5). The runoff, land cover and lithological composition significantly contribute to dissolved and particulate yields globally. HCO 3 -' and TDS yields are readily predicted by runoff and percent of carbonate, while TSS yield by runoff and population density. The Himalayan Rivers, including the Mekong, are a disproportionally high contributor to global riverine carbon and other solute budgets, and are of course underlined. The estimated global riverine HCO 3 -' flux (Himalayan Rivers included) is 34014 Ã 10 9 mol/y (0.41 Pg C/y), 3915 Mt/y for solute load, including HCO 3 -', and 13553 Mt/y for TSS. Thereby this study illustrates the importance of riverine solute delivery in global carbon cycling.
Wang Z, Bush RT, Sullivan LA, Chen C, Liu J, 'Selective oxidation of arsenite by peroxymonosulfate with high utilization efficiency of oxidant', Environmental Science and Technology, 48 3978-3985 (2014)
Oxidation of arsenite (As(III)) is a critical yet often weak link in many current technologies for remediating contaminated groundwater. We report a novel, efficient oxidation rea... [more]
Oxidation of arsenite (As(III)) is a critical yet often weak link in many current technologies for remediating contaminated groundwater. We report a novel, efficient oxidation reaction for As(III) conversion to As(V) using commercial available peroxymonosulfate (PMS). As(III) is rapidly oxidized by PMS with a utilization efficiency larger than 90%. Increasing PMS concentrations and pH accelerate oxidation of As(III), independent to the availability of dissolved oxygen the addition of PMS enables As(III) to oxidize completely to As(V) within 24 h, even in the presence of high concentrations of radical scavengers. On the basis of these observations and theoretical calculations, a two-electron transfer (i.e., oxygen atom transfer) reaction pathway is proposed. Direct oxidation of As(III) by PMS avoids the formation of nonselective reactive radicals, thus minimizing the adverse impact of coexisting organic matter and maximizing the utilization efficiency of PMS therefore, this simple approach is considered a cost-effective water treatment method for the oxidation of As(III) to As(V). © 2014 American Chemical Society.
Wang Z, Bush RT, Sullivan LA, Liu J, 'Simultaneous redox conversion of chromium(VI) and arsenic(III) under acidic conditions', Environmental Science and Technology, 47 6486-6492 (2013)
Arsenic and chromium are often abundant constituents of acid mine drainage (AMD) and are most harmful as arsenite (As(III)) and hexavalent (Cr(VI)). To simultaneously change their... [more]
Arsenic and chromium are often abundant constituents of acid mine drainage (AMD) and are most harmful as arsenite (As(III)) and hexavalent (Cr(VI)). To simultaneously change their oxidation state from As(III) to As(V), and Cr(VI) to Cr(III), is a potentially effective and attractive strategy for environmental remediation. The coabundance of As(III) and Cr(VI) in natural environments indicates their negligible direct interaction. The addition of H 2 O 2 enables and greatly accelerates the simultaneous oxidation of As(III) and reduction of Cr(VI). These reactions are further enhanced at acidic pH and higher concentrations of Cr(VI). However, the presence of ligands (i.e., oxalate, citrate, pyrophosphate) greatly retards the oxidation of As(III), even though it enhances the reduction of Cr(VI). To explain these results we propose a reaction mechanism where Cr(VI) is primarily reduced to Cr(III) by H 2 O 2 , via the intermediate tetraperoxochromate Cr(V). Cr(V) is then involved in the formation of ¿ OH radicals. In the presence of ligands, the capacity of Cr(V) to form ¿ OH radicals, which are primarily responsible for As(III) oxidation, is practically inhibited. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility for the coconversion of As(III) and Cr(VI) in AMD and real-world constraints to this strategy for environmental remediation. © 2013 American Chemical Society.
Wang Z, Bush RT, Liu J, 'Arsenic(III) and iron(II) co-oxidation by oxygen and hydrogen peroxide: Divergent reactions in the presence of organic ligands', Chemosphere, 93 1936-1941 (2013)
Iron-catalyzed oxidation of As(III) to As(V) can be highly effective for toxic arsenic removal via Fenton reaction and Fe(II) oxygenation. However, the contribution of ubiquitous ... [more]
Iron-catalyzed oxidation of As(III) to As(V) can be highly effective for toxic arsenic removal via Fenton reaction and Fe(II) oxygenation. However, the contribution of ubiquitous organic ligands is poorly understood, despite its significant role in redox chemistry of arsenic in natural and engineered systems. In this work, selected naturally occurring organic ligands and synthetic ligands in co-oxidation of Fe(II) and As(III) were examined as a function of pH, Fe(II), H 2 O 2 , and radical scavengers (methanol and 2-propanol) concentration. As(III) was not measurably oxidised in the presence of excess ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) (i.e. Fe(II):EDTA < 1:1), contrasting with the rapid oxidation of Fe(II) by O 2 and H 2 O 2 at neutral pH under the same conditions. However, partial oxidation of As(III) was observed at a 2:1 ratio of Fe(II):EDTA. Rapid Fe(II) oxidation in the presence of organic ligands did not necessarily result in the coupled As(III) oxidation. Organic ligands act as both iron speciation regulators and radicals scavengers. Further quenching experiments suggested both hydroxyl radicals and high-valent Fe species contributed to As(III) oxidation. The present findings are significant for the better understanding of aquatic redox chemistry of iron and arsenic in the environment and for optimization of iron-catalyzed arsenic remediation technology. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.
Erskine WD, Keene A, Bush R, Cheetham M, Chalmers AC, 'Influence of riparian vegetation on channel widening and subsequent contraction on a sand-bed stream since European settlement: Widden Brook, Australia', Geomorphology, 147-148 102-114 (2012) [C1]
Chalmers AC, Erskine WD, Keene AF, Bush RT, 'Relationship between vegetation, hydrology and fluvial landforms on an unregulated sand-bed stream in the Hunter Valley, Australia', Austral Ecology, 37 193-203 (2012) [C1]
Cheetham MD, Bush RT, Keene AF, Erskine WD, 'Nonsynchronous, episodic incision: Evidence of threshold exceedance and complex response as controls of terrace formation', Geomorphology, 123 320-329 (2010) [C1]
Cheetham MD, Keene AF, Erskine WD, Bush RT, Fitzsimmons K, Jacobsen GE, Fallon SJ, 'Resolving the Holocene alluvial record in southeastern Australia using luminescence and radiocarbon techniques', Journal of Quaternary Science, 25 1160-1168 (2010) [C1]
Cheetham MD, Bush RT, Keene AF, Erskine WD, Fitzsimmons KE, 'Longitudinal correlation of Late Quaternary terrace sequences of Widden Brook, southeastern Australia', Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 57 97-109 (2010) [C1]
Erskine WD, Chalmers AC, Keene A, Cheetham M, Bush R, 'Role of a rheophyte in bench development on a sand-bed river in southeast Australia', Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 34 941-953 (2009) [C1]
Cheetham MD, Keene AF, Bush RT, Sullivan LA, Erskine WD, 'A comparison of grain-size analysis methods for sand-dominated fluvial sediments', Sedimentology, 55 1905-1913 (2008) [C1]
|Show 95 more journal articles
Conference (23 outputs)
|Johnston LA, 'Arsenic mobilization during seawater inundation of acid sulfate soils - Hydrogeochemical coupling at the tidal fringe' (2012)
|Keene AF, Johnston SG, Burton ED, Bush RT, Sullivan LA, 'Reductive biomineralisation of pedogenic jarosite in tidally inundated acid sulfate soils', Melbourne, Victoria (2012)
|Cheetham MD, Wong VNL, Bush RT, Sullivan LA, Ward NJ, 'Monosulfidic sediments in the Wakool River, Southern Australia: A preliminary investigation', Canberra, Australian Capital Territory (2012)
Chalmers AC, Erskine WD, Keene A, Bush R, 'Flow regimes influencing riparian vegetation on an unregulated sand-bed stream in the Hunter Valley, NSW', H2009: Proceedings of H2009, the 32nd Hydrology and Water Resources Symposium, Newcastle, NSW (2009) [E1]
Keene A, Erskine WD, Chalmers AC, Bush R, Cheetham M, 'Riparian revegetation and creation of a pool-riffle sequence by river restoration works on the sand-bedded Widden Brook, Australia', The 7th International Symposium on Ecohydraulics: The International Conference of Science and Information Technologies for Sustainable Management of Aquatic Ecosystems CD-ROM, Concepcion, Chile (2009) [E1]
Keene AF, Bush RT, Cheetham MD, Erskine WD, 'Reformation of pool-riffle sequences and induced bed amouring in a sand-bed stream following river rehabilitation', Sediment Dynamics in Changing Environments, Christchurch, NZ (2008) [E1]
Cheetham MD, Keene AF, Erskine WD, Bush RT, Jacobsen G, 'Connecting the disconnected: Longitudinal correlation of river terrace remnants', Sediment Dynamics in Changing Environments, Christchurch, NZ (2008) [E1]
|Show 20 more conferences
Patent (1 outputs)
|Sullivan LA, Bush RT, McConchie DM, Apparatus for analyzing reduced inorganic sulfur (2000)
Report (37 outputs)
|Ward NJ, Bush RT, Wang Z, Sullivan LA, Fyfe DM, Choppola G, et al., 'Investigations into the factors affecting the rates of recovery of acid sulfate soils in the Lower Lakes', South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (2014)
|Ward NJ, Sullivan LA, Bush RT, 'Lower Lakes acid sulfate soil detailed conceptual models', South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (2013)
|Sullivan LA, Ward NJ, Bush RT, Hidden A, Fyfe DM, Bush M, Maher CA, 'Lower Lakes carbon project: the aquatic vegetation contribution to carbon pools', South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (2013)
|Show 34 more reports
Grants and Funding
|Number of grants
|Total funding
Click on a grant title below to expand the full details for that specific grant.
20174 grants / $131,337
Energy Transition in the Hunter Region: Social dynamics, policy implications and opportunities for the energy sector$53,636
Funding body: AGL Energy
|Funding body
|AGL Energy
|Project Team
|Professor Richard Bush, Doctor Cristelle Maurin, Doctor Michael Askew
|Research Grant
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
|Grant - Aust Non Government
UHMD Hunter River Water Quality Study$51,000
Funding body: NSW Minerals Council
|Funding body
|NSW Minerals Council
|Project Team
|Professor Richard Bush, Doctor Zhaohui Wang, Doctor Thava Palanisami
|Research Grant
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
|Grant - Aust Non Government
Pumped Hydro Energy Storage Pre-Feasibility Study$26,700
Funding body: Muswellbrook Shire Council
|Funding body
|Muswellbrook Shire Council
|Project Team
|Professor Richard Bush, Associate Professor Steven Weller, Doctor Michael Askew, Dr Matthew Ives
|Research Grant
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
|Other Public Sector - Local
Bridging Account$1
Funding body: University of Newcastle
|Funding body
|University of Newcastle
|Project Team
|Professor Richard Bush
|Bridging Accounts
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
20165 grants / $376,330
Assessment of self-heating test standards and their applicability for determining self-heating susceptibility within coal storage and transport systems$194,800
Funding body: Australian Coal Research Limited
|Funding body
|Australian Coal Research Limited
|Project Team
|Doctor Kenneth Williams, Associate Professor Tom Honeyands, Doctor Merrick Mahoney, Doctor Jianglong Yu, Professor Richard Bush, Doctor Peter Robinson, Mr TOBIAS Krull
|Australian Coal Association Research Program (ACARP)
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
|Aust Competitive - Non Commonwealth
Sulfur Cycling in Toxic Oozes, Microbialites and Petroleum $76,218
Funding body: ARC (Australian Research Council)
|Funding body
|ARC (Australian Research Council)
|Project Team
|Professor Richard Bush, Professor Kliti Grice, Professor Pieter Visscher, Professor Alex Sessions, Professor Lorenz Schwark
|Discovery Projects
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
|Aust Competitive - Commonwealth
Pacific National Haulage Project$62,520
Funding body: Pacific National
|Funding body
|Pacific National
|Project Team
|Doctor Hamish Waterer, Professor Richard Bush, Doctor Thomas Kalinowski
|Research Grant
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
|Grant - Aust Non Government
Upper Hunter Mining Dialogue Perceptions Survey$24,792
Funding body: NSW Minerals Council
|Funding body
|NSW Minerals Council
|Project Team
|Professor Richard Bush, Doctor Brent Jenkins, Ms Ruth McLeod
|Research Grant
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
|Other Public Sector - State
NSW Mine Rehabilitation$18,000
Funding body: NSW Minerals Council
|Funding body
|NSW Minerals Council
|Project Team
|Professor Richard Bush, Doctor Dane Lamb, Doctor Peter Sanderson
|Research Grant
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
|Grant - Aust Non Government
20151 grants / $443,900
Sulfur cycling in toxic oozes, microbialites and petroleum$443,900
Funding body: ARC (Australian Research Council)
|Funding body
|ARC (Australian Research Council)
|Project Team
Grice K, Bush RT, Visscher P, Sessions A, Schwark, L
|Discovery Projects
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
20141 grants / $2,000,000
Regional nuclear magnetic resonance infrastructure network for South East Queensland and Northern New South Wales$2,000,000
Funding body: ARC (Australian Research Council)
|Funding body
|ARC (Australian Research Council)
|Project Team
Quinn R, Grkovic T, Wilson J, von Itzsten M, Poulsen SA, Wellard R, MullenK, Bottle S, Zhu HY, Nelson C, Greatrex B, Fellows C, Taylor M, Keddie D, Wilson B, Cummins S, Mounsey K, Macdonald J, McMillan D, Benkendorff K, King G, Bush R, Sullivan L.
|Linkage Infrastructure Equipment & Facilities (LIEF)
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
20131 grants / $150,000
Three dimensional analysis of important organic components in Energy, Environment and Earth Systems$150,000
Funding body: ARC (Australian Research Council)
|Funding body
|ARC (Australian Research Council)
|Project Team
Grice K, Charrois J, Woltering M, Blyth A, Bush RT, Sullivan LA, Murphy D, Greenwood P, Skrzypek G, Trengove R.
|Linkage Infrastructure Equipment & Facilities (LIEF)
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
20121 grants / $330,000
Episodic estuarine hypoxia: resolving the geochemistry of coastal floodplain blackwaters$330,000
Funding body: ARC (Australian Research Council)
|Funding body
|ARC (Australian Research Council)
|Project Team
Sullivan LA, Burton E, Rose, A, Johnston, S., Wong, V., Bush, RT
|Linkage Projects
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
20111 grants / $600,000
Electron flow in iron hyper-enriched acidifying coastal environments: reaction paths and kinetics of iron-sulfur-carbon transformations$600,000
Funding body: ARC (Australian Research Council)
|Funding body
|ARC (Australian Research Council)
|Project Team
Bush RT, Grice K, Moreau JW, Sullivan LA, Burton ED, Rose AL, Johnston SG, McElnea AE, Ahern CR
|Linkage Projects
|Funding Start
|Funding Finish
|Type Of Funding
Research Supervision
Number of supervisions
Total current UON EFTSL
Current Supervision
|Level of Study
|Research Title
|Supervisor Type
|The Degradation Process of the Phenicol Antibiotics by the Advanced Oxidation Method.
|PhD (Environmental Sc), Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle
|Principal Supervisor
Research Collaborations
The map is a representation of a researchers co-authorship with collaborators across the globe. The map displays the number of publications against a country, where there is at least one co-author based in that country. Data is sourced from the University of Newcastle research publication management system (NURO) and may not fully represent the authors complete body of work.
|Count of Publications
|Korea, Republic of
Reaping the benefits of agricultural waste
November 21, 2017
Australia's $63 billion* agriculture sector stands to benefit from a revolutionary fuel technology that will convert multiple agricultural waste streams into valuable biofuel and green chemical products for the first time.
Professor Richard Bush
Global Innovation Chair, International Centre for Balanced Land Use
International Centre for Balanced Land Use
Office - DVC (Research and Innovation)
Research and Innovation Division
Focus area
Earth Sciences
Contact Details
|(02) 4033 9229
|NIER C, Block 131
University Drive
Callaghan, NSW 2308


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Knee Separator Medium, 15"-17"
Sammons Preston Knee Separator Medium, 15"-17"
- Latex free
- Amount of separation can be adjusted with a heat gun
Product Overview
Sammons Preston Knee Separator Medium, 15"-17"
Knee Separator Medium, 15"-17"
Knee Separator. Flexible, foam-padded knee separator formed of a heavy-gauge plastic. Excellent distribution of pressure since 1¼3 of the thigh length is supported. Amount of separation can be adjusted with a heat gun. Sized by thigh circumference. Small is 4" deep; medium and large are 41/2" deep.
Place Your Order Here
Sammons Preston Knee Separator Medium, 15"-17"
Knee Separator Medium, 15"-17" Reviews Summary
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Knee Separator Medium, 15"-17"
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Part Number(s): 709 1002
Mfg Part Number(s): 6208
Scrip Part Number(s): 709 1002
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New perler maker with some questions :)
nakotako 11/11/2016 05:35 am 1654
Hi all! I'm new to perler beading though not to kandi (I was a serious kandi kid six or seven years ago :) ). I'm having a lot of fun experimenting with different designs and things, but what I'm starting to wonder is this ...
What in the world do I do with all these things? I have a ton of little animals and Pokemon and all sorts of stuff I've created but not really any idea what to do with them all now that I've made them! I know I can put magnet strips on the back and make them into magnets; that's definitely what I'm going to do with at least some of them, but my fridge already has a lot of things on it and I'm gonna run out of room real fast.
So what do yall do with your perler bead designs besides making magnets out of them?
My other question is about patterns ... I'm having a whole lot of fun making 3D designs but not real sure where to find very many of them. I've been through all the ones on the official perler site, so where else do yall look for patterns? (Besides this website of course lol.)


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My research interests are in the broad areas of bioinformatics/biomedical engineering, scientific visualization, signal processing, education technologies, and mobile application development. Also, these research projects has been supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and Mitacs.
Table of Contents
For my consulting projects, see LINK
a. Bioinformatics / Biomedical Engineering
RNA Structure Prediction:
In my PhD research, I focused on the development of a new heuristic algorithm for the prediction of RNA secondary structure. My algorithm SARNA-Predict has shown surpassing results in terms of correctly predicted base pairs when compared with nine other existing methods: mfold, P-RnaPredict, pknotsRE, NUPACK, pknotsRG-mfe, Sfold, HotKnots, ILM, and STAR. These algorithms are from three difference classes: heuristic, dynamic programming, and statistical sampling techniques. Furthermore, SARNA-Predict-pk is an extension of SARNA-Predict which can also predict pseudoknotted RNA structures.
An evaluation for the performance of the new algorithm in terms of prediction accuracy was verified with native structures. Experiments on thirty three individual known structures from eleven RNA classes (tRNA, viral RNA, anti-genomic HDV, telomerase RNA, tmRNA, rRNA, RNaseP, 5S rRNA, Group I intron 23S rRNA, Group I intron 16S rRNA, 16S rRNA) were performed. The results demonstrated that SARNA-Predict can out-perform other state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of prediction accuracy.
Sequence Analysis
Large scale small RNA sequencing projects generate large amount of data. Generally, only perfectly matched sequences are further analyzed. In some cases 61.8 % of data are unattended. We are investigating a novel approach to decipher sequencing errors from RNA editing events in small RNA sequence analysis. A software tool Ebbie-(mis)match was developed and to aid the exploration of biochemist in small RNA. Ebbie-MM is a computational algorithm that analyzes single mismatches of small RNAs to the genome of origin.
Multi-Imaging Mode Confocal Optical Microscope:
Multi-Imaging Mode Confocal Optical Microscope (MIMCOM) is an advanced digital imaging microscope providing chemical composition of the target material. The images will be chemically analyzed with a selection of spectral and spatial feature identification tools, including artificial intelligence methods. Project work completed includes optical system design, microscope control and image analysis tool development. More information - link, also view the Networks of Centres of Excellence "Intelli-HEALTH" press releases, link
Biomolecule Visualization
RNA-DV is a flexible and powerful tool targeted at visualization and modification of RNA secondary structure. Compare to existing software applications, RNA-DV set itself apart by not only providing an editing and visualization interface but also integrates thermodynamic energies for the current structure design. In RNA-DV, structural modification is achieved through a combination of mouse and keyboard operations. The direct and intuitive interface allows the structure prediction researcher to visualize the structure. Furthermore, RNA-DV provides the necessary tool for structure designers to explore the effect of various structural elements in terms of thermodynamic contributions. Four different thermodynamic energy models (efn2, HotKnots, Major and RNAeval) were incorporated allowing users to observe real-time energy changes while designing the structure. Visualizing and editing of pseudoknotted structure is also supported in RNA-DV.
b. Multidimensional Data Visualization / Signal Processing
Agent-Based Modeling and Visualization
Developing an agent based model simulation framework to model scenario planning and analysis in an urban settings. The model is grounded on the population based stochastic optimization technique Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and System Dynamics models.
Hyperspectral Image Browser
Hyperspectral Image Browser (HIBR) was eventually incorporated into the commercial release of PCI's Geomatica 9. Typical hyperspectral data size in the order of several hundred megabytes, which impose stringent requirements in data storage, data transmission and processing time. Using a patented compression technologies, this product allow scientist to explore and analyze hyperspectral data cube in a very effective manner. Also, experiments were performed on medical imaging data with encouraging results.
News items:
- PCI Geomatics Joins The Canada Centre for Remote Sensing (CCRS) at the Opening of the Innovation Acceleration Centre (IAC) link
- "Viewing Hyperspectral Data", Space Technologies: Investing in Out Future, Canadian Speace Agency, 2000 p. 25 link
Visualization of Medical Images
I had worked in the research lab where we performed research in the areas of medical imaging, image compression and audio engineering application. In particular, I was involved in developing applications for helping surgeons visualize medical images (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) while performing frameless image-guided neurosurgery. These experiences have given me a solid foundation for performing research in multi-disciplinary areas (mathematics, medicine and engineering) and for the successful development of a commercial product.
c. Education Technologies
At Simon Fraser University, besides performing research in the area of Bioinformatics, I also developed research interest in education technologies. In particular, I was involved projects in the analysis, design, development and evaluation of training and education materials and programs in eLearning environments. Specific areas include developing algorithms for enabling self-regulated learning. In collaboration with SFU's University/Industry Liaison Office, a spin-off company MusicCentric Technologies Inc. (http://www.music-centric.com) was formed.
d. Modelling of Complex Social Systems
In the Interdisciplinary Research in the Mathematical and Computational Sciences (IRMACS) Centre, the Modelling of Complex Social Systems (MoCSSy) program brings together extensive expertise in criminology, health science, urban dynamics, computer science, and mathematical modelling, under the unifying theme of modelling the complex dynamics that drive the linked epidemiologies of crime, disease, homelessness and other social ills in urban neighborhoods. See http://mocssy.irmacs.sfu.ca/At MoCSSy, one of the projects that I am involve with is to examine the "HIV Transmission Rate through Sexual Contact with the Cellular Automata Model"
e. Mobile Application Development
I have several projects centered around mobile application development.
OSDFA "One Size Doesn't Fit All"
Project centered on "Mobile computing for user with accessibility issues."
Location-based Application and Games
To see some of the project, visit here.
© Herbert H. Tsang, http://www.herberttsang.org


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Picture: Blur fan - Blur play IMMA concert at Royal Hospital Kilmainham supported by Bat For Lashes and The Strypes - Dublin, Ireland - Thursday 1st...
Blur star Damon Albarn has been honoured with a special award after showcasing his new solo record at the South by Southwest festival last week (ends16Mar14).
The Blur frontman performed tracks from his upcoming release, Everyday Robots, at various concerts during the Austin, Texas festival, and his work has earned him The Grulke Prize, an honour established in memory of late South by Southwest Creative Director Brent Grulke.
The prize is awarded in three categories, and Albarn was the recipient of the Career Act honour, which is given to an established artist at Sxsw who "reinvents themselves or launches an important new project."
New synth-pop group Future Islands received the Developing U.S. Act and Irish blues band The Strypes were named the Developing Non-U.S. Act.
Last year (13), the first ever Grulke Prizes were given to The Flaming Lips (Career Act), Haim (Developing U.S. Act) and CHVRCHES (Developing Non-U.S. Act).


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Get ready for a journey of discovery through the vibrant worlds of this fascinating continent. Inside the hotel, the mysterious sounds of Africa, its exotic aromas, tropical plants and traditional masks help conjure an authentic atmosphere. The hotel is styled after the eye-catching buildings of the Dogon people from Mali and with the African themed area right on the doorstep, it makes the perfect base for an action-packed short break. The air-conditioned hotel, built in 2008, comprises a garden, a terrace and 120 rooms on four levels. It features a lobby with 24-hour reception and check-out service, a cloakroom, lift access, games room, children\'s playground, caf, bar and restaurant. Business guests may take advantage of the conference facilities and WLAN Internet access. A car park is available for those arriving by car. Check-in is at 3:30 pm. Check-out is at 11 am. Phantasialand starts its season on April 4th 2009 and ends on November 11th 2009. Children up to 12 years of age who visit Phantasialand on their birthday do not pay an entrance fee.
BERGGEISSTRASSE 31-41 / BonnCP:50321,Cologne,Alemania
Teléfono:No especificadoFax:No especificado


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Design Den | D2
7th & 8th Rube Goldberg students construct pallet signs to learn Design Den shop safety before constructing their machines.
Sophie Alford '17 shares her passion for science with children at Family Gateway in Dallas by creating a STEM camp. Hear more about Alford's exciting LEAD project and how the Leadership Institute, a program of ParishLeads, helped Alford use her talents, passions and leadership skills to help others.
ParishSTEM has been recognized as a model for the purposeful integration of STEM components across an entire PreK-12 program. Few schools nationally offer as rich an array of integrated STEM activities (interactive labs, activities, projects and enrichment classes experienced by all Parish students), co-curricular experiences in robotics, and after-school programming through ParishEXTEND as we do through ParishSTEM.
Third graders study rockets as part of their last trimester in STEM. The final project is built out of a two-liter bottle and launched on the field at Gloria H. Snyder Stadium!
Sophie Alford '17 shares her passion for science with children at Family Gateway in Dallas by creating a STEM camp. Hear more about Alford's exciting LEAD project and how the Leadership Institute, a program of ParishLeads, helped Alford use her talents, passions and leadership skills to help others.
As 2nd graders at Parish Episcopal School boarded the buses bound for the Dallas Arboretum on October 26, spirits were high and math and measurement skills were at the ready. (Photo Gallery by Wiley Williams)
Although temperatures were at record highs for this time of year, students had fun exploring the Children's Adventure Garden and learning about life cycles from an Arboretum educator. They then took the time to visit the various sections of the Adventure Garden watching for and "studying" the different life forms they discussed during the lesson. Many students took a trip through The Amazing Secret Garden, enjoying "getting lost" and finding each other in the maze.
Next up, students trekked to the main gardens to put their math skills to the test with some special "Pumpkin Math." Measuring the circumference and stem lengths of the pumpkins, students determined from their measurements which pumpkin (from the ones they chose to measure) won the game. Many of the groups helped each other lift and turn the pumpkins that were a little larger than what one 2nd grader can manage alone – with some of the pumpkins coming in at a whopping 56" around!
"That's the biggest pumpkin I've ever measured," said Bella. "I can't even lift it!"
Second graders spent some down time in the shade with their classes for a picnic lunch and exerted a little extra energy playing in the Walk in the Clouds treehouse.
When asked his favorite part of the trip, one second grader, Ryan, commented "all of it," while another, Scarlett, was a bit more specific citing the frogs, waterfall and treehouse.
While their feet were moving a bit slower as they climbed aboard the buses headed back to School, the excitement of their experience remained.
Activity in the Little Den
3rd grade religion classes are building a full sized model of the Ark of the Covenant and 10 Commandments. Students have used their measuring skills, learned to use a drill and collaborated to design the Seraphim that adorn the top of the Ark. Retired Mechanical Engineer Mr. Makins visited campus each week to assist Mrs. Ross with the project.


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Hello, and welcome to my digital portfolio. As an experienced writer and editor, I use this website as a platform to showcase my experience, as well as my best work, personal projects, interests, special skills, and more.
Here you'll find samples of my business blogging, technical writing, journalism, and creative writing skills.
Read a brief summary of my experience, interests, and personal projects, including my own literary magazine that I co-founded.
Check for news and updates in regards to my writing career, education, and personal projects.


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My Nonprofit Reviews
Review for Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation, Inc., National Office, Dallas, TX, USA
This is a great organization that has done more for breast cancer research and women with breast cancer than just about any other group. I work for Komen and see the effort and dedication that each employee and volunteer puts in to making sure that we are tending to the needs of women and men facing breast cancer and their families.
More Feedback
I've personally experienced the results of this organization in...
Scientists that are developing treatments. Women who have been helped by Komen's patient navigation or screening funding.
If I had to make changes to this organization, I would...
Help raise more funds to do more.


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Nessly x Yachty – Guacamole (Prod. By TM88)
A melodic trap banger, "Guacamole" is a playful ode to getting to the money. Nessly recorded the song awhile back, but Yachty asked to jump on the track recently after keeping it on repeat.Read More »
Wiz Khalifa, Juicy J & TM88 – Medication (Video)
Wiz Khalifa, Juicy J & TM88 continue to promote their TGOD Mafia: Rude Awakening album by releasing an official music video for "Medication.Read More »
Juicy J x Wiz Khalifa x TM88 – Green Suicide (Video)
Juicy J celebrates developing his own strain of bud with Wiz Khalifa and producer TM88 in the new visual for, Green Suicide. Watch the video below off of the trio's joint project, TGOD: Rude AwakeningRead More »
808Mafia TV Present An Exclusive BTS Making Of Young Thug's "JEFFERY"
Young Thug dropped his highly anticipated mixtape No, My Name Is JEFFERY at midnight on Friday (August 26) and with it comes an exclusive behind the scene clip of Thugger and his producers 808Read More »
O.T. Genasis – Cut It Remix Ft. Young Thug & Kevin Gates
Will another "Cut It (Remix)" cut it? O.T. Genasis has called on Young Thug and Kevin Gates to take on a remix to his hit single. On the remix, however, a new Genasis verseRead More »
TM88 x James Dennis – Jock
TM88 does it again. Today, TM88 is back with his homie James Dennis and they have dropped off another banger. Turn up your volume and enjoy! Listen to TM88 and James Dennis' new recordRead More »
TM88 – 88 World (Mixtape)
Super producer, TM88, unleashes his new mixtape 88 World, laced with an abundance of features from many of his collaborations from the likes of 2 Chainz, Waka Flocka, Gucci Mane, Wiz Khalifa, Young Thug, JuicyRead More »
TM88 Previews Snippet Of Wiz Khalifa 'Bake Sale' Ft. Travis $cott
Producer TM88 was on the fence about it, but ultimately couldn't wait as he played a preview of Wiz Khalifa and Travi$ Scott's collaboration entitled, Bake Sale. The beat was originally intended for G-Eazy butRead More »


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9443 folding Carbon Fiber Prop for ALL DJI Phantom / DJI Phantom 2 / Vision / Vision +
The folding propeller is lightweight, hard and stiff. Made with high quality carbon fiber and precise measurements, cool looking and very durable.
1. folding propeller for Phantom2/E3002. Well-balanced in-factory3. Made of Full 3K Carbon Fiber
Product Highlights:
Re-engineered with Airflow Tested for Streamline, Low Resistance
Made by Strong Re-enforced Top Quality Imported Carbon Fiber
Very Durable, Break-proof Technology
More stiffer and Lighter Weight
Made of Full Carbon Fiber
Well Balance before delivery
Package Include:- 3 -blade propeller x 2 pairs (you need to order 2 sets to get your 4 motors covered!) - screws x 4pcs
Copyright ©
Built with Volusion


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Treffen, is German for "to meet up" or "meet". This VW meet in Anaheim, CA is in its 3rd year. Featuring cars from 1957 and prior, it's a very nice collection of VWs, all over 50 years old. A couple of favorites were the original KDF-Wagons from the Hitler era.
And these very cool convertibles, VW Rometsch Beeskow Cabroilets. They were built on a VW Chassis by a German coach company headed by Rometsch. It's an aluminum body with suicide doors. VW eventually prohibited the sale of chassis to Rometsch to eliminate the competition. VW then produced the Karmann Ghia.
The brow over the front wheel reminds me very much of the brow over the front wheels of my father's 190SL Mercedes. Not too surprising since Beeskow designed the 300SL two years after this car.
Shows like this always get me motivated to acquire an old car.
Click on any of these pictures to see them more or less full screen. After the jump, use your arrow keys to advance to pictures from this event.
Tags: Automobile, Car Show, Lumix LX3, LX3, Photography


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Recent Posts
Recent Comments
Winter on Languages and Travelling homemakerslife2013 on PMS Winter on PMS homemakerslife2013 on HIM VS HER Winter on HIM VS HER
Author Archives: homemakerslife2013
My New Blog
I have been pretty much MIA on this blog since I moved from Newfoundand to Nova Scotia. However, I am trying to get back into the grove of things, so please visit my new blog, at chanterelledesign.wordpress.com see … Continue reading
Posted in The Blog! Leave a comment
Christmas in August.
It is way too early to think about Christmas. The only reason that I am going Christmas shopping today is because I might not be here with my family or my boyfriends family for Christmas due to a moving out … Continue reading
Posted in The Blog! Tagged ads, August, blog, blogger, Christmas, Christmas music, commercial, december, discussions, easter, gifts, halloween, holidays, Shopping Leave a comment
That time of year!
Yes. I am talking about going back to school. For me it is college. I will be taking 7 courses for Business Admin through a college by distance, then I will be taking an additional course by distance through a … Continue reading
Posted in The Blog! Tagged beauty, blog, blogger, career, College, Debt, discussions, DIY, Do it yourself, encouragement, Experience, Fashion, Finances, Makeup, Money, organization, Support, University, Videos, vlog Leave a comment
Languages and Travelling
I am really interested in languages and to travel the world. I have been gathering tools to be able to study at home (a broke student who doesn't have money to take private lessons or classes *sad face*) to study … Continue reading
Posted in The Blog! Tagged blog, blogger, Hiragana, Hong Kong, Japanese language, Kanji, Katakana, Languages, Learning, Russian language, South Korea, Travel, Travelling 1 Comment
Things don't always go as planned!
I had so many ideas for this blog. I started it when I got injured and had a game plan for what I would post, even made a video to post here (but later got deleted). There is just so … Continue reading
Posted in The Blog! Tagged Audience, beauty, beginner, blog, blogger, Blogs, encouragement, Fashion, Ideas, organizing, Plans, Posts, tips, Videos, Weight loss, YouTube Leave a comment
The World's Top 10 Most Amazing Things to do With Under Stairs Spaces
This is great for when you have your own house and want to make as much room as possible! Great ideas!
Posted in The Blog! Leave a comment


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JUNOfest '17 Ottawa
The Damn Truth
Big Jeezus Truck
Band of Rascals
Saturday, April 1, 2017
Doors: 9:00 pm / Show: 10:00 pm
The Brass Monkey
Ottawa, ON
This event is 19 and over
10pm Band Of Rascals
11pm Big Jeezus Truck
12am The Damn Truth
1am Iconoclast
Individual advance ticket - Ticket guarantees entry to this specific show. Advance sales represent 50% of each venue's capacity. If a show is listed as sold out on TicketFly, we will still be allowing access to JUNOfest wristband holders & individual sales at the door (subject to capacity).
Other options:
JUNOfest wristband - Offers you priority access to ALL JUNOfest venues over BOTH nights Friday March 31 & Saturday April 1 (subject to capacity). Click HERE to purchase a wristband.
Download the official 2017 JUNO Awards app HERE!https://www.spectrasonic.com/event/1447382/
From the stage of Ottawa's world renowned Bluesfest, to opening for bands such as Theory of a Deadman, Finger Eleven, Rival Sons, or Danko Jones, Iconoclast never fails to deliver hard hitting, high energy entertainment. If you're still reading, and not listening to their latest release "They Were Right About Us" in the background, you're doing it wrong.
Songs like 'Empire', or the instantly recognizable 'I Run' have been catching on quickly with DJ's, being heard everywhere from Ottawa's own NHL stadium during Senators' games, to radio, and podcasts across the country.
Iconoclast is Marc Bourgon on lead vocals, Mike Corkum and David DiUbaldo on guitars, Michael Korn on bass and backing vocals, and Marian Dej on drums.
It's just hard to find a band that plays it with reckless abandonment and compentency. Big JeezusTruck is that rare breed of band."
CMW @ BovineSex Club
- ChartAttack magazine
Blending elements of hard-hitting modern rock with the vintage aesthetic of southern blues à la Kings of Leon and the Black Keys, Band of Rascals has created an evocative sound, captivating audiences of all ages. This distinct sound is matched only by their electrifying live performance. "I was absolutely blown away the first time I saw them," said Dylan Willows (festival promoter and radio personality). As word of their energetic live performance spread, the band soon found themselves performing in increasingly larger venues to accommodate the exponential growth of their audience. The band's captivating live show soon gained the attention of multiple radio stations, including modern rock station The Zone @ 91.3 who named them their first feature band of 2015.
Even after the tremendous success of their debut year, the band feel as though they're just getting started. "The response we've had so far has been insane," reflects lead guitarist Malcom Owen-Flood. "It's shown us that this is just the beginning." This holds true as the band continues to break new ground, performing in front of constantly growing audiences and new markets, writing new music, and pushing the boundaries of what defines modern rock. With their music currently seeing sales across three continents and counting, the band strives to keep pushing forward and continuing their impressive upward trajectory.
The Brass Monkey
250 Greenbank Road
Ottawa, ON, K2H 8X4


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Join Bang Bus! Download full-length 48min 48sec movie now!
Have you noticed that some girls like cars and making out in the backseat? Thumbs up for this redhead whore with delicious butt. She bends all over the bench to show off in front of the camera without any shame. See her exposing her naked body and shaved pussy and gets fingered in the ass
- amadeus
- : 6min 57sec
- : 23 Jul 2014
- Exclusive video
- : Danira Love


text: any of you guys play on mmatycoon? it's an mma sim game/mmorpg (similar to goal line blitz, way more fun than mybrute), where you create and manage fighters, do training and shit. it breaks down the fights in written form, which is actually pretty cool. here's my guy's last fight (his name is "yura noobert"). he's pretty shitty right now and this is just his second fight (was winning his first fight but got subbed with 30 seconds left in the fight ) here's the site if you want to check it out: http://www.mmatycoon.com if you sign up i wouldn't mind if you used my referral link www.mmatycoon.com/registration.php?Ref=2965


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Honeymoon Packages
This is the best selling package for Kullu Manali. Are you planning to give your partner the experience of her lifetime? Which place in the world could be better than the 'Honeymooner's Paradise' Manali . This package offer's you abundant sightseeing and time to chill.
Here are we presenting you the package at the most affordable price ever.
|Starting Time
|Day 1
|Delhi-Manali Volvo Tranfers
|Day 2
|Local Sight Seeing in Manali
|Day 3
|Snow Point Tour
|Day 4
|Day 5
|Heritage Tour
|Manali-Delhi Volvo Transfers
- Delhi-Manali Volvo Trasnfers
Description: We know that it is a long journey to Manali. To ease your Journey, our Luxury AC Volvo has it all footrest, headrest and for your entertainment individual LCD to every seat. We will also provide Complementary Mineral Water and Blankets. You need to report the Bus as scheduled in your ticket. The bus would reach Manali bus stop in 12-14hrs. Do inform us 20-30minutes prior for a timely pick up in the morning.
- Vashisht Hot Springs
- Hadimba Temple
- Gallery
- Van Vihar, Budhist Monestry and Mall Manali
Description: Our representative would be there in the morning to assist you in your pick up and check-in at the hotel. In the afternoon, you are scheduled for Local Sightseeing of Manali. This sightseeing is for 3hou rs. The entire destination's is in a radius of 30km. You can start your Journey with Vashisht Hot Spring. It is a pilgrimage. All the deities of the Valley come here for a Holy bath; this signifies the importance of the place. You too can take a dip in the Hot water. Next we will be visiting Hadimba Devi .No Visit to Manali can be considered complete, if you haven't been to the mystical Hadimba Devi Temple. Very closely located is, Old Manali, this place is popular among foreigners, for its open culture. Manalasu, the River Beas tributary flows at the entry point of Old Manali. Tourist throng to the river bed, for photography. River crossing can also be enjoyed here, conducted by private and by semi government operator in the Club house. Opposite to the Club House is Nature Park. To escape the traffic, you can walk to the Mall Road, from the Nature Park forest. Do visit the century inside the park, where the State Bird Monal is Kept. Eventually you will reach the Mall Road. The main street of Manali's market is known as the Mall Road of Manali. Just next to Mall Road, is the Tibetans Monestry.
- Solang Valley
- Kothi
- Gulaaba
- Marhi
- Rani Nala
- Rohatang Pass
Description: This is a full day sightseeing. You will start early .You can move right away after the breakfast. This destination is the most visited place of Himachal Pradesh. The morning hours are vey chilly throughout the year. Heavy woolen clothing is recommended. The temperature varies from very cold to ironically very hot at Rohtang Pass in summers, because you are very close to the sun. The road to Rohtang is mesmerizing. With every turn, you attain altitude. The maximum altitude is 13050ft which is obtained at Rohtang Pass. At Rohtang you can enjoy snow related sport even in the month of May-June. Snow point can be anywhere between Manali to Marhi in the month of January to mid May. In January National games of Skiing are held in Solang Valley. In Solang Valley , Shiv ling of 30-40ft height is formed at Anjani Mahadev, which is a must visit in this month. Currently as per direction, the tourist vehicular traffic is allowed to move up to Gulaba barrier, which is nearly 25kms from Manali. In case of fresh orders by the Government. and if allowed to move till Rohtang. Rates for Rohtang will be as provided by the Taxi Union.
- River Rafting,Babeli-Kullu
- Shawl Industries,Kullu
- Vaishno Devi Temple, Kullu
- Manikaran Hot Spring,Kullu
Description: This is a full day sightseeing tour. You need to start right away after having breakfast. Please take extra pair of clothes with you, if you are planning to go for River Rafting. The stretch start form Babeli and ends at Kullu, near Dev Dham. You can buy souvenirs for your family from these factory Outlets. Very near to the end of River rafting, Vaishno Devi Temple is located. It is necessary visit in your today's Itinerary. After this, you will be heading to Manikaran. It is a very famous pilgrimage for Our Punjabis. Manikaran is nearly 45km away from kullu. The total distance from Manali-Manikaran is approximately 85kms one way. You will be returning back to the hotel in the evening.
- Shiv Temple,Dashal
- The Castle,Naggar
- Nicholas Roerich Art Gallery ,Naggar
- Jana Waterfall, Naggar
Manali-Delhi Volvo Transfers
- Manali-Delhi Volvo Transfers
This is a full day sightseeing. You can start after having breakfast. Today you will be going towards the south. Our first visit will be to Shiv Temple,a single rock temple located in Dashal. Very few visitors are seen here, as the place is not so popular in the town. After this there is a Paragliding point at Halan. Visitors interested in Paragliding can book themselves for the Sport. The air borne time is in between 10-15 minutes. There are two heritage properties at Naggar, which are big assets to tourism. Nicholas Roerich known as a 'good friend of India' has a small art gallery located at Naggar . The art gallery majorly displays the Himalayan landscape. There too is a painting school started by the Nicholas Roerich Trust here. Just 200 mtrs. From here is The castle. The castle, believed to be the Royal seat of ancient rulers of Kullu. The castle has both historical and Cultural Significance. Next the Journey continue to Jana,Naggar.You can take your lunch in at Jana. At the last stop, there are few eateries, who
The distance between Manali & Delhi is nearly 565km. It takes 12-14hrs to reach Delhi. You need to report at the bus stop by 4pm. The bus will leave at 4:30 pm. We are expecting you to reach Delhi by 7:00am in the morning.Tour ends but memories stay forever.
Inclusion & Exclusion
- Your Stay for 3Nights/4Days .
- Three Breakfast & Three Dinner For Two People.
- Two Volvo Tickets (Delhi-Manali-Delhi)
- Individual Hatchback For Four Day Sightseeing.
- Pick Up & Drop Once During The Stay.
- Toll,Tax and Parking.
- Candle Light Dinner Once During The Stay.
- Cake Once During The Stay.
- Flower Decoration Once During The Stay.
- One Bottle Of Wine During The Stay.
- A Farewell Gift.
- Inclusive Of All Presently Applicable Taxes.
- Entry Fee For Van Vihars Clubs & Museums.
- Photography Fee of Monuments.
- Activities Charges example Paragliding, Rafting, Skiing etc.
- Hire of Snow Dresses and Gumboots.
- Tips.
Our 24/7 Helpline No. (+91 – 9882183129 & +91-9816468852) Land-line: 01902-250295 (Office Hours)
Note: All Charges that is shopping extra adventure activities other then the package mentioned here would borne by you.
- Competitive Prizes.
- Vast Range Of Packages.
- Our Resorts Are Rated In Top 20 In Trip Advisor.
- Feedback's Are Our Assets.
- 10% Discount's For Senior Citizen's and Handicaps.
- Back Up Plans For Your Every Problems.
- Hard Working & An Experienced Team.
Manali Naggar Highway, Left Bank Road,New Manali
Post Office- Manali, Tehsil – Manali
Dist- Kullu
Himachal Pradesh, Pin – 175131.
Contact Info


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Early Evolution
The most complex evolution of life, and the most unlikely, took place long before the hominid appeared. It was a billion years after life appeared before the cell. It was the cell which become the basis for all modern life forms.
The information in this section is not hard science. Known evidence and measurement support this account. No known evidence or measurement dispute it. The conclusions drawn are not dependent on this introductory material.
The evolution of life from its beginning through the development of the metazoa (primitive multicellular organisms) took billions of years. The earth's atmosphere did not contain oxygen when the earth formed 4.6 billion years ago. This reducing environment provided favorable conditions for the natural synthesis of the first organic compounds. The first phospholipid bilayer membranes formed along with primitive RNA and DNA genetic molecules. The membranes adsorbed proteins and the hereditary DNA/RNA material. From these organic molecules, the first primitive prokaryote (simple single cell organism lacking a nucleus) arose. Natural selection began.
The carbon dioxide in our atmosphere contains both 12C and 13C isotopes. When the carbon atoms of CO2 are captured by organisms in photosynthesis, the organisms show a definite preference for the light 12C isotope of carbon. They will incorporate the 12C isotope into the proteins, sugars, and other molecules that they synthesize preferentially to the heavier 13C isotope. Rocks that are 3.4 billion years old have been discovered which are enriched with the 12C isotope. The concentration of the 12C isotope shows the presence of photosynthesis. These early photosynthetic organisms used H2S as a source of hydrogen atoms instead of water and did not produce oxygen as a by-product.
Ancient sediments are found which are rich in iron (Fe2+) as water soluble compounds. Beginning at about 2.5 billion years ago, the sediments began showing iron oxides containing Fe3+ ions that were not water soluble. This shows that the atmosphere had changed from a reducing environment to an oxidizing one where oxygen was present. The oxygen in the atmosphere appears to have been generated by living organisms carrying out oxygen-producing photosynthesis. These newer organisms could obtain hydrogen by breaking down water instead of H2S to produce the hydrogen needed to synthesize carbon compounds. As a by-product of breaking down water, oxygen gas is formed.
In the next billion years following the evolution of aerobic photosynthesizing bacteria, the first cells arose which had lost the ability to carry out photosynthesis and thus the ability to manufacture their own food from inorganic material. These cells relied on organic material (other life) as their source of food. The food chain was begun.
Once complex organisms began evolving, the DNA became quite complex. Pictured is a human genome, some 3 billion base pairs long.
For a comprehensive study of early evolution try University of Arizona.
URL: http://www.onelife.com/evolve/cellev.html


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Join the 'Cocaine' group to help and get support from people like you.
Cocaine News
Related terms: Cocaine Topical
10 Percent of Americans Admit to Illicit Drug Use
Posted 4 Sep 2014 by Drugs.com
THURSDAY, Sept. 4, 2014 – Nearly 10 percent of Americans aged 12 and older were illicit drug users in 2013, and almost 20 million said they used marijuana, making it the most widely used drug, U.S. health officials reported Thursday. Two states, Colorado and Washington, permit the recreational use of marijuana. The new study findings are from a government report outlining the extent of substance use and mental illness in the nation. The report is based on an analysis of data from the 2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. It also found that 4.5 million Americans aged 12 and older said they were current (past month) nonmedical users of prescription pain relievers, 1.5 million were cocaine users, 595,000 were methamphetamine users and 289,000 were heroin users. Almost 23 million Americans aged 12 and older required treatment for drug or alcohol use, but only 2.5 million received ... Read more
Related support groups: Heroin, Cocaine, Methamphetamine, Substance Abuse


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
55 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services The guests of City Hotel Würzburg may stay in 33 nicely furnished, comfortable rooms in Wurzburg. Your valuables can be the safely secured in the safe. You can also bring your laptop for the holiday, for there is wireless Internet connection (WiFi) available at the hotel. An exact and detailed list of equipment in the rooms and of the services provided by City Hotel Würzburg you will find on the information sheet below, including any applicable additional fees.
Payment Depeding on the selected room, date and price, you may be asked to provide credit card guarantee or to pay by credit card in advance.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest check-in time to your room is 14:00, the latest check-out time from your room is 11:00. The personnel is at your service in English and German languages.
City Hotel Würzburg rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
Safe deposit box
Hairdryer, Desk in the room


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The LBAG 90 can easily carry up to four Mini Compact (1051BAC) or Compact (1052BAC) Baby Lightweight Stands stacked together. Color black; External Height 4.92 in; External Length 35.43 in; External Width 6.3 in; Internal main compartment height 4.33 in; Internal main compartment length 34.65 in; Internal main compartment width 6.3 in; Weight (Empty) 1.18 lbs.
Effective 1st April 2015, all goods and services may be subjected to GST 6% upon checkout.
subscribe and get special promotion updates
MCIL Multimedia Sdn.Bhd.(515740-D)
Copyright ©2017,Mykris Net MSC.
All Rights Reserved.


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At Total Events, we like to think of ourselves as much more then an event rental and decor company. Creating the perfect day for a bride and groom requires collaboration, creativity, and expertise. Total Events eliminates the chaos and allows you to find everything you need for your special day in one place. - read more about weddings
Total Events LLC is a full service convention, trade show, and decorating company serving Upstate New York and surrounding areas. We work to create a unique and effective experience for our clients, vendors, and their guests. - read more about convention services
Total Events provides all the party rental equipment and trimmings you need to leave a lasting impression on your clients, employees and other distinguished guests. Total Events can help with everything from spicing up the annual holiday party to welcoming honored guests with a completely customized event. Whatever the occasion may require, Total Events is here to create your vision. - read more about corporate events
With life being so full of celebrations, Total Events can give you another reason to rejoice. Birthdays, anniversaries, Bar/Bat Mitzvahs, graduations and holidays are all great reasons to have an event. Let us help you create a stand-out celebration that will keep your family and friends talking and reminiscing for years to come. - read more about private events
Are you looking to create a stand-out corporate gathering, holiday party, wedding, or fund raiser? What about a fully personalized sweet 16 or Bar/Bat Mitzvah celebration? We'll use our extensive inventory and beyond to transform your venue into the perfect theme party for any occasion. - read more about theme parties
Plan a Holiday Party that is stress free for you and memorable for all your guests. Total Events can transform your traditional gathering into a unique experience that celebrates the holiday season. - read more about holiday parties
Experience the thrill and excitement of driving a luxury sports vehicle that gives you the ultimate driving experience for a few hours or a few days. We'll even deliver it and pick it up, all you have to do is choose your options. For more information, check out our Luxury Car Rentals page.


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Advanced features and collaboration
Improve both your working live and your eLearning courses
Creating eLearning in a professional way is a collaborative process. Subject matter experts, instructional designers, graphical designers and editors all play their part. Easygenerator facilitates this through our Cloud based collaborative environment. But we even facilitate collaboration with your managers and clients that don't have an easygenerator account. Out unique review process will save you a ton of time!
Didactical sound eLearning
Easygenerator is the only authoring tool that places learning objectives in the heart of your course and your course development. Creating instructional sound eLearning has never been easier.
Complete freedom
In easygenerator all content is separated from the presentation. The presentation is set in a master page. Simply switch the master page for a different look and feel, or even completely different functionality in your course. The master pages are completely open. Everything you can do with CSS, HTML or Java script will work. The ultimate freedom in eLearning
Why Easygenerator
Publish to web or to Learning Management System (LMS)
Publish to the web, school/university intranet, blog, Facebook or your app. Through SCORM, you can track and trace learners' results. Use SCORM 1.2 or 2004 to publish to your LMS of choice.
Responsive HTML5 format
Using easygenerator ensures your developed courses will be optimized for any device: desktop, tablet or smartphone. Create content once and publish courses for any l device without having to recreate the course.
Seamless TinCan (XAPI) integration
Publish to a website, blog, Facebook or app and track and trace learners advancements through TinCan (Xapi).
A wide range of Question Types
Easygenerator comes with multiple question types to help create the most engaging courses: Multiple Choice, Multiple select, Drag and Drop Text and fill in the blanks.
Co-Author with multiple domain experts, invite subject matter experts to review your course without requiring additional licences.
Easygenerator Templates
Build Instructional sound courses fast with easygenerator templates: Quiz, Exam, Adaptive Learning templates and the simple course template.
Easygenerator brings together ease of use with the flexibility and power needed for a variety of project types and instructional styles.


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The Windy Day.
Isn't it the same for all of us? We lament bad weather and bless good weather, providing that the latter isn't too hot. Personally I prefer the warmer days but with plenty of wind. The young women are all out and about in town with their finest summer clothing, spruced up for the masses as much as for themselves. Everywhere you look there is beauty to be seen: tight hugging dresses; short skirts; stocking tops peeping out underneath a light dress; tightly and deeply cut blouses and shirts.
But what we all really enjoy is that sudden gust of wind and, if we're lucky, we'll enjoy the sight even more when it hits the right spot.
A little something to make your eyes pop out on these wet and rainy days.
Love & Kisses, Viki.