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Warning: This is a hot, steamy listen with explicit language and sex scenes. For mature audiences.
There's a fine line between love... and obsession.
Promising law student Elizabeth Watson struggled her entire life to claw out of her dirt-poor background. And now the thing she's dreamed of, an associate position at her law firm, is within reach. As long as she keeps up her grades, makes law review. And stays out of trouble. But trouble is just what walks in the door one scorching hot summer day.
When Gabriel Storm crashes into Elizabeth's life, she wants nothing to do with him. After all, he's on the opposing side of a business deal her law firm represents. If she's seen with him, she can kiss her career goodbye. But she can't stay away from the billionaire who put the "B" in bad boy, and soon she's embroiled in an affair hot enough to make every ounce of her being burn. She should walk away, hell, she should run away, but she can't. Because all she cares about is his kiss, his touch, and the way she feels when she's in his arms. Even if to be with him means the ruin of everything else.
©2013 Amalia Villalba (P)2014 Amalia Villalba
"Sound effects made this book"
I enjoyed this story when I read it, listening was just as good.
The sound effects really enhanced the whole story.
"Not sure"
The worst thing about this book is the American narrator trying and failing to sound British! I don't understand why an American female and British mail narrators weren't used as this is totally spoil the book for me and I couldn't take it seriously. Being British, we really don't talk like that. The storyline is good if not a little frustrating. There is very little gap left between each chapter and sometimes I find the narration spoken to quickly.
From chapter 1, I was hooked. I thought this would be a typical erotic/romance book but it was so much more. The characters were incredibly likable, the story was captivating and the writing was great. The only bad thing for me is I WANT THE NEXT BOOK RIGHT NOW! I'll be patiently waiting for more books in the series. Highly Recommended!!!
"Enjoyed it a lot!!!"
Great audible book... Really enjoyed it. Highly recommend this series. Hope they get book three soon to audible.
"Couldn't stop listening"
I've read Storm Damages in the kindle edition and just HAD to listen to it once I found out it was in audio book. The experience was awesome. Not only is Elizabeth & Gabriel's roller-coaster love story stellar, but the narrator's interpretation of the characters held me spellbound. I especially loved the sound effects. Like if Gabriel was talking to Elizabeth on the phone, her would sound a bit distant and crackly. If they were at a cocktail party, there were sounds of clinking glasses and socializing in the background. I'd never heard such details in an audio book before and found they set the mood and put me deeply in the story.
I loved Gabriel's character. The narrator really captured his arrogance and hidden vulnerability.
It was a pleasure to listen to Lovato's narration. Hearing the characters voiced just put a smile on my face while I was listening.
"Production was awesome!"
Best production ever. I enjoyed the sound effects....not sure I have ever heard a book done so well....Fact if there was it never ever registered with me like this. The narrator was SUPERB!!. Story overall good, hope next book is as good or even better.
"WOW! What a story!"
I thoroughly enjoyed this book and cannot wait for the continuation of this book. The sound effects were big additions which made it more real - like you were right there in that story. Good job!
"cliff hanger- hot- great read"
I like the performance of the narrator. Gave depth to each character. The story has a great flow and the love scenes hot not a 10 but a good 7 .
He was great I did not realize he was only one person . I was sure two people were reading this book . He get a 10 in my book.
Yes . I would have if I had not fallen asleep. Had to redo last 6 chapters.
Hated the sound effects took away from the book .
"Great Overall"
The narration is great, but the sound effects take away from the story, rather than enhance.
Such a great story! Anthony did a fantastic job narrating, and I was lost in the story!!
"Not worth it."
Narrator was awful!! Not only was voice terrible, tried to read it so quickly. Won't bother re-listening! Barely tolerated first time!
It's not often that I can't finish a book but.... I suddenly thought "what am I doing listening to this crap when there's so many good books out there waiting to be heard" and I just didn't want to waste any more of my time on it. The sound effects were intermittent and distracting, Gabriel Storm's voice was more like Prince Charles and not a sexy young handsome guy (as per the cover) and his character was just awful. The writing was very weak i.e. his Father had a 'brain' stroke - well is there any other type! So I skipped to the last chapter to see how it ends and what do you know.... it's a CLIFFHANGER - well sorry but I don't care what happens and won't be getting book 2.
Worth a credit? No, not in this lifetime and even if it was free I wouldn't want it so sadly I'll be asking for my credit back on this one.
Report Inappropriate Content
If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action.


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D'Annas Flowers and Gifts
1712 Meridian Ave , # A, San Jose, CA, 95125, USA
1712 Meridian Ave , # A,
San Jose ,
About D'Annas Flowers and Gifts:
We deliver fresh flower arrangements for birthdays, anniversaries and funerals throughout San Jose, CA area. We offer same-day flower delivery on all arrangements. D'Annas Flowers and Gifts, your local San Jose flower shop.
Opening Times:
- Mon
- 9am - 5pm
- Tue
- 9am - 5pm
- Wed
- 9am - 5pm
- Thu
- 9am - 5pm
- Fri
- 9am - 5pm
- Sat
- 9am - 2pm
- Sun
- Closed
We deliver flowers to:
Where to find us:
Overview for D'Annas Flowers and Gifts
We have 8 reviews for D'Annas Flowers and Gifts
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Fabulously easy transaction and my friend loved the flowers..... Would definitely use again
Customer awarded 5 stars.
My daughter in law said the flowers are lovely. A very efficient service. Thankyou
The flowers were absolutely lovely and much appreciated by the recipient. They also matched her decor, it is always difficult to buy things when you cannot see them and have to hope for the best. They were excellent. Thank You.
Our family in USA San Jose, have received the flowers & are very happy, thank you.
Customer awarded 5 stars.
Great service and lovely flowers - greatly appreciated by my sister in law. Many thanks Mrs Remblence
Excellent service Thank you
Product Filters
Florist Choice
In a suitable container something beautiful a vibrant mix special collection the freshest blooms same day delivery
Stunning Lily
Fresh mix with lemon lilies and orange roses in a clear glass vase. A customer favourite, the florist will choose the best blooms of the day
Fresh mix with lemon lilies and orange roses in a clear glass vase.
Golden Tones
Chosen and arranged in a suitable container mixed colours a vibrant mix natures glory by the local florist on the day
In The Garden
A Vibrant and Bright mix.
A Stunning mix in yellow's, oranges, reds and greens in a suitable container
Dozen Pink Roses
12 long stem roses and foliage in glass vase. You may request your preferred color choice.
Dreamy Dozen Pink Roses
A stunning handtied of 12 pink roses arranged in a handtied.
handtied of 12 pink roses arranged in a handtied.
Something Beautiful
In a suitable container delivered by hand dramatic design purples and yellow something beautiful chosen and arranged a spring mix
Finest Dozen Roses
A striking ensemble of a dozen stem roses delivered in a complimentary vase
12 Red roses with a foliage, delivered in a Vase. vase can differ from one displayed customer has been notified of this.
Love & Laughter
For that special occasion with a yellow and red theme theme contained in a classic toning pot.
Butterfly Kiss
In a suitable container something beautiful purples and yellow by the local florist chosen and arranged a vibrant mix party in flowers
Pink Celebration
A mothers day delight on the day pink and white the freshest blooms something beautiful in a suitable container party in flowers
Thinking of you
A glorious vase of fresh vibrant flowers. A gift with wow factor - delivery suitable for any occasion.
A vase of fresh vibrant flowers in pink shades
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A cheeky arrangement for the young at heart. Modern in an attractive container which compliments the floral arrangement.
Meadow Fresh
A beautiful country garden selection of summery cut flowers
Selection of country garden type flowers in summery colours.
I Love You
Three single red roses and foliage in small glass vase.
Bowl of Beauty
A clear glass bowl arrangement of fresh cut flowers in pinks and oranges.
Country Flower
A country arrangement in a wicker container. This natural arrangement has a distinct and pleasing mix of country flowers for a center piece or on a side table.
Autumn Mix
A autumn mix of Reds, Oranges and Yellows.
Perfect Purity
A beautiful array of white lillies arranged in a toning container suitable for any occasion.
Regent Street
A traditional hand tie with mixed flowers .
Bright shades of fresh cut flowers
A traditional hand tie with mixed flowers in bright shades.
Fresh Floral Vase
Modern vase around a bevy of fresh shades including fresh bright flowers. This arrangement could grace any table.
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A delightful hand-tied in yellows and oranges perfect to brighten any room!
Hand-tied in yellows and oranges not in water
Oregon Dream
A blaze of color ideal for birthdays or anniversaries in an attractive vase.
Exciting And Vibrant
Stunning fresh cut flowers in pinks and purples (vibrant).
Hello Spring
A happy occasion delivered by hand pink and white chosen and arranged in a clear vase a spring mix dramatic design
In My Thoughts
Pink and white by the local florist same day delivery something beautiful surprise surprise in a ceramic container stunning
Surprise Surprise
In a colored container a vibrant mix delivered by hand yellow and orange a happy occasion dramatic design on the day
Autumn Sky
A rich mix of reds, oranges and yellows.
Classic Red Roses
Delivered by hand floral romance chosen and arranged beauty and love natures glory in a suitable container
A beautiful mix of pink and white.
mix in pinks, white and a touch of green in a Vase.
A Special Occasion
A stunning arrangement on the day chosen and arranged dramatic design mixed colours glorious a happy occasion
A bright and bold vase.
Vase in bright yellows, greens, pinks and purples.
A Riot Of Colors
For any happy occasion; reds, blues and purples arranged in a square vase.
Happy Delight
A bright and Vibrant mix delivered in a vase.
Vase arrangement in shades of yellows, cerise pinks , creams
Stunning Lilly
Lemon lilies and yellow and lemon mix in a clear glass vase.
Stargazer Garden
Vase arrangement of fresh cut flowers pinks and purples to include stargazer lilys.
The Fall Vase
vase arrangement of fresh cut flowers in fall shades.
Sunshine Surprise
An autumnal bright arrangement ready arranged in a basket style container and delivered by your local florist
An autumnal bright arrangement ready arranged in a basket style

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Course:Basic Studio Production
In eleven class sessions, learn the basics of using the Community TV Studio to create your own programming and to help other producers with their productions. In the first seven class sessions, we cover pre-production, producing, directing, scripting, interviewing, studio cameras, audio, lighting and character generator. In the final four sessions, produce your project and assist other producers with their projects, to complete your Studio Producer Certification.
Member of BNN
Max Students Allowed:12


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Dear Partners, Hope you are doing great, please let me know if you have suitable consultant.
*Role : Big Data Architect * *Duration : 1-year * *Location : Basking Ridge, NJ(seeking local candidate to NJ that can interview on-site.)* The big plus for this position would be to find candidates with Big Data Architect (2 Years) experience, but also candidates who have extensive Health Care experience (3-5+ Years) Please only send qualified candidates by email to: *Big Data Architect:* • Design and development using Java development stack with Web Services, Mark Logic, Spring framework, Hibernate, Angular JS, Aspect Oriented Programing (AOP), JSF & Rich Faces, and test driven development • Development using Hadoop MapReduce, HBase, Pig, Hive • Development in an Agile methodology with strong team work • Designing, coding, testing, debugging, documenting and supporting all types of decommissioning applications consistent with established specifications and business requirements to deliver business value • Ensure timely and quality delivery as per release plan. • Assesses and interprets customer needs and requirements. • Participate in meetings/walkthrough session/group meetings to understand business problem/objective of project • Translates concepts into practice. • Proven ability to quickly learn new technologies & leverage them to execute on the use cases given to solve business problems • Acts as a resource for others with less experience. • Build a relationship with project stakeholders/ business partners. • Ensure compliance with organization and project defined standards and processes • Supporting existing application on Production. *Required Qualifications:* • 10+ years of experience in information systems development • 2+ years of experience on Big Data Technology • 5+ years in design and development using one or more of the these technlogies Java development stack with Web Services, Mark Logic, Spring framework, Hibernate, Angular JS, Aspect Oriented Programing (AOP), JSF & Rich Faces, and test driven development • 1+ years of experience Development using Hadoop MapReduce, HBase, Pig, Hive • Hands on IT development background • Very strong presentation and communication skills • Very strong in translating concepts into professional power points for communication *Preferred Qualifications: * Proficiency in MS Office (Word, Excel, Outlook, PowerPoint, Access) Health care industry experience Hands on Experience in Mark logic and Angular JS 1+ years proven experience with data archiving 1+ years of relevant experience in designing, developing and implementing ETL solutions. 1+ years of experience in XML/xDB/xQuery 5+ years' experience with Oracle, Teradata, SQL Server Databases 2+ years ETL experience and verification utilizing SQL querying skills (PL/SQL, Toad or other tool) and formal testing methodologies Thanks *Dayanand Sagar K* Global Information Technology Inc. eMail : dayanand.sa...@git-org.com Contact : 215-310-5009 ext 252 Website:- www.git-org.com -- You received this message because you are subscribed to the Google Groups "REQSRESUMES" group. To unsubscribe from this group and stop receiving emails from it, send an email to reqsresumes+unsubscr...@googlegroups.com. To post to this group, send email to firstname.lastname@example.com. Visit this group at https://groups.google.com/group/reqsresumes. For more options, visit https://groups.google.com/d/optout.


text:
Proverbs 7Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV)
7 My son, keep my words,
6 For at the window of my house
24 Hearken unto me now therefore, O ye children,
Authorized (King James) Version (AKJV)
KJV reproduced by permission of Cambridge University Press, the Crown's patentee in the UK.
You'll get this book and many others when you join Bible Gateway Plus. Learn more


text:
Use the tools below to refine your search by only displaying reviews with a certain number of star ratings or to only show reviews from a certain time period. Eg click on '1 star' to just display the reviews we have which received a 1 star rating click or 'Within the last month' to display just reviews posted over the last month.
Written on: 09/12/2012 by watford99 (8 reviews written)
We recently returned from a 2 night short break in Lille, which we booked over the Internet through Cresta (part of Thomas Cook). This was a package comprising B & B hotel and Eurostar train fares. Last year we did a similar trip to Bruges which we enjoyed very much, so thought we'd give Lille a try. We certainly weren't disappointed, the city is very nice and compact and you can if you wish, get to all the main attractions on foot - which we did. The hotel was the Mercure Opera, 2 Boulevard… Read Full ReviewCheck out great deals on Expedia
As rated by our community of reviewers
" So much to see and most of it free! " Read More
" Interways (aka Macedonia) Rent-A-Car - AVOID at all costs " Read More
Written by matthblum
" Ring of Kerry " Read More
" Rip off car hire " Read More
" Shore Excursions from Rome " Read More
Written by rometours


text:
With friends like these, Yolanda Hadid certainly doesn't need any enemies.
The new season of The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills kicked off tonight with the (sadly, soon-to-be divorced) Yolanda still in the throes of debilitating illness thanks to lyme disease diagnosis three years ago and to see her in such a diminished capacity was, well, shocking. She revealed that she hadn't driven a car in three years. She barely leaves her house. She can hardly sit through twenty minutes of Lisa Rinna's birthday dinner. She admits, "Trust me, if it wasn't for my kids, I would've jumped off the balcony already."
Even more shocking? The way co-stars Lisa Vanderpump and Ken Todd spoke about her.
Lisa, who admits early in the episode that she's not criticizing Yolanda, but is questioning what's going on with her (as if it's any of her freaking business), and Todd really let loose with some ugly thoughts in both their confessionals and in the company of others when their supposed friend dares to show up to an event without any make-up on because, you know, she's incredibly sick and has more important things to worry about than eyeliner.
First, Lisa in a confessional: "I'm actually surprised to see Yolanda. She does not look good at all. She's got nothing on her face at all. Not even a little bit of under eye cover-up or anything. Maybe you could just take ten seconds to do that."
Again, Lisa in a confessional, as Yolanda rushes to a restroom: "If I was going to a birthday party and I felt that bad, I probably wouldn't be there, you know? Yolanda doesn't look well, she admits to not being well and what the hell is it? What the hell is going on in her life?"
Ken, out loud, to other humans who somehow don't stab him with their forks: "I told her she looked better. She didn't. I promise you she did not look better. She looked terrible."
And finally, Ken, in a confessional: "It's always nice to be told by a man that you're looking good. I'm sure that if Yolanda looked like she did, there's not many people telling her that she looks good." (Why, it's a wonder the compliment from this man didn't cure Yolanda's lyme disease wholesale!)
From the looks of things, this season will be dominated by Yolanda's health woes and her co-stars growing doubts over its validity. (What is this? Brooks Ayers 2.0?) So, prepare yourselves accordingly.
What else happened in the hour? Rinna sat for an interview with Oprah's Where Are They Now and threw herself a birthday party, Vanderpump threw out the first pitch at the Dodgers LGBT Night (because why not?), Eileen Davidson began redecorating her house (Zzzzzz), and Kyle Richards sold a TV show about her life that her older sisters aren't too excited about.
Long story short: We're hoping next week has a little more action.
Our Favorite One-Liners:
- "I've been so blessed but I have this underlying fear that on my tombstone it will say: She wore diapers." - Rinna
- "I love the fact that the Dodgers are supporting the LGBT community because who'd have thought years ago that I'd be there throwing the first pitch at this moment in time, especially for an English that knows diddly-squat about baseball." - Vanderpump, completely missing the point of LGBT Night
- "I know too many women that have married men with money that feel terrible because they've never done anything. I mean, they have every bag known to man, they have everything, but does it really feel good? Probably. It probably feels great, actually." - Rinna
- "I'm not going to be the lady with the cats and all the antiques piling up in the corner where she can't get out in a fire." - Eileen
- "I would give my soul to have that ass again." - Rinna (Seriously, this woman is the one-liner MVP.)
The Real Housewives of Beverly Hills airs Tuesdays at 9 p.m. on Bravo.
(E! and Bravo are both part of the NBCUniversal family.)


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Database Update Notes – 12/15/2016
Hello everyone, thanks for checking out our page, we are really happy and really appreciate that MY.COM included our database on the founder packs update. We've been working hard to bring you guys accurate information through a visually good layout, similar to the game (except we customized it a little bit :P)
Here is today's Update Notes (It will be edited later after I finish the other pages, its 7AM here and I need to sleep >.<)
Recent Database Updates
- Included the new founder wings and mount description to the database
- Fixed a grammar error on Swordmaster Gold Weapons Database
- Added Occultist Gold Weapons Database [FINISHED]
- Added Gunslinger Gold Weapons Database [FINISHED]
- Added Vanguard Gold Weapons Database [RAW]
Upcoming Updates (For Today)
- Fix grammar error on the remaining Gold Weapons Databases and the upcoming ones
- Finish Vanguard Gold Weapons Database
- Finish Blademaster Gold Weapons Database
- Add exclusive founder pack mount (5-man cat) to the database without stats (still a mystery for us)
Upcoming Updates (For Next Week)
- Add a table with all golden equipment prefixes for all classes (similar to wing's and mount's table)
- Add all classes Gold Armor Database
Thanks for tuning in and make sure you guys share the wiki with your friends! The wiki is fresh (created some weeks ago) and we are accepting suggestions for the upcoming content once we finish all gold equipment for all classes, if you want us to write a guide/database about something, comment down below and we will add that to our priority list 🙂
Also make sure to visit our youtube channel by clicking here, just like the page, it's fresh and new, but we plan to add teasers and gameplay once we get into CBT2 and onwards.
Since it's almost Christmas; we uploaded a christmas teaser made by NetEase for the Chinese Server (yes, Chinese, not NA/EU) and it's really cute and well made, check it out!
We will be updating you guys whenever we change something on the database.
Ah, don't forget to visit https://ro.my.com/en/founders-packs for Revelation NA/EU version and support the game and developers.
Have a nice week,


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Last night felt gray and cold and inhospitable. Not sure how or why a pitch-black night would feel gray but at the very least I was in a funk, one of those off-balance places where the throat's scratchy and the world moves haltingly and the skin feels paper thin. Beware of darkness. The State of the Union was on and while I freely admit to being a fan of presidents who play basketball, the speech didn't do much for me. It just seemed like a lot of peace-making talk about growing the economy, with marginal enthusiasm from either side. At this point in the life of American democracy the same pleas for compromise feel stale and tired, I can't honestly recall a united congress during my lifetime and the most winning moments on a national scale usually come from trench warfare.
The night turned on a dime as it sometimes does, listening to a radio feed when alerted via tweet that the Lakers/Jazz were on NBA TV as the fan favorite pick of the week or some such. I caught hold of this unexpected bonanza late in the first period and rode with ever increasing contentment, though the entire lopsided train wreck - a 29-point margin and it didn't feel that close. It's not a good time to be the Jazz right now, it was their 5th loss in a row and would be followed by tonight's loss at home to the Spurs. I wasn't paying much attention to this particular debacle as I typed, figuring some things to simply be preordained but the Jazz did manage a late flurry that brought them momentarily close. I got distracted, burning a batch of chocolate chip cookies and catching up on important internet news items. Did you know that Dennis Kucinich is suing some restaurant for $150,000 because they put an un-pitted olive in his sandwich?
Last night's major deconstuction happened in the first half, a rending of stripped gears as Kobe fed the beast inside - Andrew Bynum turned in another man-sized performance at both ends of the floor. The hopelessness around you. Steve Blake also did damage early, short minutes providing points, boards, dimes, a steal and easily controlling a jump ball against Andrei Kiilenko and it wasn't even close. Artest played tenacious perimeter defense and Lamar Odom scored 17 off the bench, including a stunning behind the backboard floater as he sailed out of bounds. The fourth quarter was occasion for quality garbage minutes, the mood was so resolutely awesome that Shannon Brown's butchered (and uncontested) dunk was cause for joyous brotherhood.
Not much to say about the Jazz in all of this. Kirilenko and Hayward each ran up and down the floor with their long locks shimmering in the lights like a Breck commercial, accomplishing little else. Some other guys also played, if you'd call it that. Jerry Sloan deserves better. I wasn't thinking of it though, instead caught up in the transcendent stretches, the celebration of basketball, the visceral joy of an us-against-them beat-down that at least for me, gives way to quiet, more reflective moments, when once again it's much too late, when the television goes off and the keyboard's abandoned and duty calls to take the dog out one last time, shivering against the cold and willing him to hurry, when a warm bed beckons and morning will come too soon, when solitary thoughts can linger and surround in the dead of the night, kept away by the links inside our heads. And rocked to sleep with a great version of a song.


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À l'Action travaille pour bâtir une communauté réunissant des gens d'à travers le pays pour mener des campagnes efficaces sur le climat, l'égalité et la démocratie. Nous nous engageons sérieusement à protéger la vie privée de l'entièreté des gens de la communauté d'À l'Action, incluant les participants aux campagnes et donateurs. Nous ne vendons ni ne louons vos données personnelles à aucun tiers, que ce soit une organisation ou une personne, et les participants peuvent se désabonner de nos communications en tout temps.
Cette déclaration de notre politique de confidentialité réflète les 10 principes de confidentialité tels que développés par l'Association canadienne de normalisation (CSA). Ce code décrit l'engagement d'À l'Action envers les principes du Code type CSA, ainsi que la manière dont elle s'y souscrit..
À l'Action reconnaît les droits à la vie privée des personnes, incluant la protection de leurs données personnelles ainsi que la nécessité de pratiques de gestion des données adhérant à des standards nationaux. À l'Action va assurer que ses politiques et directives opérationnelles, dirigées par les principes du Code CSA, vont régir la gestion des données personnelles de ses membres, donateurs, employés et bénévoles.
Cette politique sera appliquée à toutes les données personnelles collectées, utilisées ou divulguées, à propos de toute personne identifiable au cours des activités de campagne ou financières d'À l'Action. Nous assurerons que tous les tiers qui ont été approuvés, désignés ou contractés pour agir en notre nom sont conscients des principes établis par notre Politique de confidentialité et s'y conforment.
Si vous avez des questions ou préocupations sur la politique de confidentialité d'À l'Action, veuillez diriger toute demande à email@example.com en inscrivant comme objet : Politique de confidentialité
——- Traductions à venir ——-
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Includes factual or subjective information, recorded or not. Information that can be used to identify, distinguish or contact a specific individual including, but not limited to: age, name, addresses, email addresses, donation history, financial information, opinions, beliefs, comments, and other identifying data but does not include the name, title or business address or telephone number of an employee of an organization.
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Leadnow recognizes that it is responsible for all personal information under its control firstname.lastname@example.com This includes, but is not limited to, information in any form: verbal, print or electronic document; such as age, name, address, telephone numbers, email addresses, identification numbers, income, opinions, evaluations, social status, and recordings of disputes between the organization and a donor or supporter.
Leadnow will ensure that a privacy protection clause be included in contracts with individuals/ organizations both inside and outside the scope of the organization. The organization will be guided by the principles outlined in its Privacy Code in the daily development, administration, management and evaluation of personal information under its care.
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A journalist travels throughout mainland China and Taiwan in search of his family's hidden treasure and comes to understand his ancestry as he never has before.
In 1938, when the Japanese arrived in Huan Hsu's great-great-grandfather Liu's Yangtze River hometown of Xingang, Liu was forced to bury his valuables, including a vast collection of prized antique porcelain, and undertake a decades-long trek that would splinter the family over thousands of miles. Many years and upheavals later, Hsu, raised in Salt Lake City and armed only with curiosity, moves to China to work in his uncle's semiconductor chip business. Once there a conversation with his grandmother, his last living link to dynastic China, ignites a desire to learn more about not only his lost ancestral heirlooms but also porcelain itself. Mastering the language enough to venture into the countryside, Hsu sets out to separate the layers of fact and fiction that have obscured both China and his heritage and finally complete his family's long march back home.
Melding memoir, travelogue, and social and political history, The Porcelain Thief offers an intimate and unforgettable way to understand the complicated events that have defined China over the past 200 years and provides a revealing, lively perspective on contemporary Chinese society from the point of view of a Chinese American coming to terms with his hyphenated identity.
©2015 Huan Hsu (P)2015 Random House Audio
"[Hsu's] persistence in the face of numerous obstacles is beyond admirable.... He offers plenty of intriguing information about Chinese history and culture, from wild Shanghai traffic to family dynamics. Some first-rate detective work." (Kirkus Reviews)
"Huan Hsu takes us on an intriguing journey into his family's and China's tumultuous past. The Porcelain Thief provides a great, intimate view into how modern China really works." (Frank Langfitt, NPR Correspondent, Shanghai)
"Huan Hsu's return to his ancestral Chinese village in search of buried treasure keeps readers turning the pages, eager to see what he finds. The dig turns up more than ancient family valuables, as Hsu meets distant relatives and learns of the turmoil that they endured and that he, as an American-born Chinese, avoided. Part memoir, part journey, and part archaeological expedition, The Porcelain Thief is as suspenseful as any Indiana Jones adventure." (Michael Meyer, author of The Last Days of Old Beijing and In Manchuria)
"Well written"
Hsu 's narrative is well written. An interesting weave of his search for his heritage, a quick history of China, and a tutorial on Chinese porcelain. Hsu storytelling skills are amazing. I began the book wanting to know the resolution, and as I continued, Hsu drew me into the journey. The resolution became unimportant. I'm a mystery story buff, so not needing the resolution means Hsu did a great job communicating his experience. I also learned much about the Chinese culture. I recommend this book as a great cross of history and personal story.
"Deeply Rewarding"
Literary non-fiction is a difficult genre to pull off but Huan Hsu has done a masterful job of weaving together the immensely complex histories of his family, himself, Imperial porcelain and China. An absolutely compelling book. And now I'm going to listen to it again.
"Best book I've read in ages"
I loved this book so much. Insightful and beautifully written. I resented having to stop listening each day. As an American who spent a short time in China, the author's descriptions and analysis of Chinese culture resonated so fully, I felt swept back to my time there. The author's narration is flawless, relaxing, and clear. I would recommend this lovely book to anyone.
Report Inappropriate Content
If you find this review inappropriate and think it should be removed from our site, let us know. This report will be reviewed by Audible and we will take appropriate action.


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Qasab 'fan' arrested for hoax calls
Last year, Yadav made three hoax calls threatening to hijack a plane and blow it up if Qasab was not be released. Three FIRs had been registered against him at the Mumbai airport and Saki Naka Police Stations.
Senior Inspector Deepak Phatangare arrested Yadav from Vapi in Gujarat on Friday.
"During investigation, Yadav told the police that he is fan of Qasab because he had dared to kill hundreds of people during 26/11.
Strangely, the Sabarmati Police in Gujarat had arrested his father Gorelal (45) in January 2011 for similar offences. The father-son duo had even threatened to blow up the Rajdhani and Garib Rath Express posing as Dawood Ibrahim's men.


text: Took this on a trip to route 66 in Arizona. Long grades and lots of slow traffic going up hills. The Prius had no trouble going 80 mph, although mpg fell to 46.7 mpg at the higher speed. The navigation unit in our car kept us on the road without issue and was appreciated. We will hang on to this car for many years as Prii are known to be reliable and durable and cheap to keep! Our 2008 Prius is just as good. Thank you Toyota!


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Description of the Accommodation
Rooms, services Should you be looking for a hotel in China, we suggest you take a look at the offers of ChengDu Olive Inn - Chengdu. The hotel is offering a nice, neat room to those seeking accommodation in Chengdu. The exact scope of services offered by ChengDu Olive Inn - Chengdu (including those for an extra fee) is available on the information sheet below.
Payment For the reservation you may need to provide advance payment by credit card or credit card guarantee, depending on the exact date, room and price.
Arrival, opening hours Chinese - China and English languages are spoken by the personnel.
ChengDu Olive Inn - Chengdu rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Desk in the room


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Results 1 to 1 of 1
Thread: today-1 units month
05-31-06, 00:58 #1Registered User
- Join Date
- Jan 2003
- Location
- Nomad
- Posts
- 3
Unanswered: today-1 units month
"select today-1 units month from systables", run this.
i've been using this "today-1 units month" for so many applications and not only me, i've seen it in many applications here in my company, now this date computation is giving an error just for this day only, May 31, maybe some other days to like Dec 31, March 30.
my question is, is this a logical error or do we have to update something on the informix? am i the oly one getting this?


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hello everybody. i angeled for Queen of Thieves, but haven't heard anything from her after my package arrived
oh well
i thought i would go ahead and share what i made, because i'm so so so excited about it!
so here's the whole lot
i did some pirate stuff because QoT plays Puzzle Pirates and also some D&D stuff because she likes that too. I like to mix stuff up like that.
so here is shirt #1
because her D&D character wears a helm of fiery awesomeness and i thought she should get to wear one too.
and here is shirt #2, my attempt at humor
(for old folks, i guess)
see, her character is a paladin, so it has paladin on the front, and the back says have dice will travel, like the old tv show, have gun will travel, so i was trying to be funny. oh well.
oh, btw, that is just acrylic on t-shirts
and i made a bag of fiery awesomeness as well
oh yeah, and she said she liked turquoise and orange together.
the orange isn't really a flame print, it's a mini camo type print that's orange, but i thought it looked flamier than the flame fabric (and it was what they had at my store, so that's what i got)
oh yeah, it's lined with fleece.
and there's a pocket inside.
(look, my little girl paints her own fingernails)
okay, what's next? something new for me
dice jewelry!
i got orange solid and the turquoise-iest dice i could from our local comic book/rpg/idon't know, ummm alternative, maybe, store and slid them on a cord and crimped on ends. easy peasy.
and then i made a little bag to contain all the miniatures i got for her
(bag= crafted by me, minis= only purchased by me)
all i can say is i hit the clearance section at the right time
and these bookmarks were extra
and that concludes the D&D portion of the program
now on to PIRATES!!!
i made a little pirate stuffy out of felt
and a piece of a twig
his hat is removable.
and here is the stern view
i thought he was cute. this was also a new craft for me. i will have to make more of these dudes!
and my finale is something my kids thought was pretty weird
a pirate dress-up kit
i made an eyepatch out of felt and a piece of leather lace, and a beard out of felt and elastic
and i got a few gold rings to use for earrings (same as our pirate buddy up there has)
i also threw in some beads, because that's piratey, right (a la Gasparilla)
and a piratey (well at least it has skulls on it) scarf
and some newspaper and instructions on how to fold her own pirate hat
weird? maybe, but i think it's pretty darn cute
ummm. okay. so that's it. don't know why she hasn't responded but i hope all is well.
and thanks for letting me post in your gallery!


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USF Bulls
Big East schools make commitment, will recruit replacements
TAMPA - Big East commissioner John Marinatto said late Tuesday the conference's remaining schools have made a commitment to stick together and announced plans to aggressively recruit replacements for outgoing Syracuse and Pittsburgh. Marinatto spoke in New York after a meeting with officials from the league's football schools, including the University of South Florida. And it came shortly before the Pac-12 said it will not expand to 16 teams, adding to the Big East's uncertain future. Texas, Oklahoma, Oklahoma State and Texas Tech were considering a move from the Big 12 to the Pac-12. The Pac-12 decision could have a direct effect on the Big East, which would need to add schools to remain BCS eligible. Among the scenarios: Big East holdovers could have joined the remaining Big 12 schools to form a new conference. The Big East's future was brought into doubt when Pitt and Syracuse announced Sunday they are moving to the Atlantic Coast Conference in 2014.Marinatto emerged from Tuesday's three-hour meeting and said league members "pledged to each other that they are committed to move forward together." "We are committed as a conference to recruit top-level, BCS-caliber institutions with strong athletic and academic histories and traditions," he told reporters. "We have been approached by a number of such institutions and remain committed to pursue all options to make the Big East Conference stronger, as we have been in both basketball and football in our history." Marinatto said all the league's members -- including Notre Dame and the seven other non-football members -- are in the process of finding replacement schools. He would not say which schools have been in contact with the league, but said member representatives at Tuesday night's meeting "talked about a number of options and various scenarios." "I can't get into the particulars about which schools and which options that we're going to ultimately end up with because we don't know, quite frankly, right now," he said. The Philadelphia Inquirer quoted a source saying there has been "mutual interest" between the Big East and Temple, "maybe more intense recently." The paper also quoted a source who said Villanova would consider playing football in the Big East "if asked." Marinatto said there is timeline set up by league bylaws that must be followed during its pursuit of new members. Marinatto also said the league will enforce the 27-month notice agreement in its bylaws and not allow Syracuse and Pitt to leave until the 2014-15 academic year. He also said he expects TCU to join the league in 2012, as previously agreed upon. Marinatto said the remaining Big East institutions expressed "genuine disappointment" about Syracuse and Pitt's decision. "All of the schools that are with us today feel very hurt, quite frankly," he said.
Trending Now


text:
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Becoming Word-based, world orientated and well rounded disciples of Christ.
Check it out: www.covenantcollege.org.uk
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Discovering what it means for the church to be a people of praise.
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Launching a new missions programme unlike any other in the UK.
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Covenant college weekend programme
Equipping leaders to be "useful to the Master and prepared to do any good work"
(2 Timothy 2:21)
Check it out: http://covenantcollege.org.uk/weekend-programme


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Can girls tampons ?
special hygiene products are available for feminine hygiene during menstruation.Among them there are tampons that are made from natural materials.To use them, young girls are not in a hurry, because they believe that they can cause health problems and lead to the rupture of the hymen.But is it really?Let us dwell on whether the girls can use tampons.
correct choice of tampons
proved that the hymen is flexible and has a small opening through which menstrual blood leaves and other emissions.Therefore, swabs can be used without fear.However, it is important to choose them correctly.Girls gynecologists recommend the use of tampons from the series "Mini".They have a compact size and a small applicator for easy use.
also available for sale tampons, specifically designed for teenage girls.They have a minimal length and diameter.In addition, they provide a gentle finish.This means that the use of such tampons will not feel discomfort.
Gynecologists recommend using small swabs 2-3 days monthly.After a
to tampons did not cause harm to your health, change them regularly.Doing this preferably every 2-3 hours.Then they will not be the cause of inflammation of the vagina.
Proper use tampons
to tampons do not cause discomfort, it is important to introduce them correctly, be sure to observing hygiene:
- Wash your hands and genitals.
- Sit on the toilet or down and little legs apart.
- Take swab thumb and middle finger, and then enter the rounded edge of the applicator into the vagina up to the edge.It is important to remain outside the thread, or to remove the swab will be very difficult.
also recommend that you read the following materials on the topic:
- Inserting a tampon
- Can girls use tampons


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Bengaluru, Jan 9: He may have given up Indian captaincy but Mahendra Singh Dhoni's leadership qualities will be still in demand as the new skipper Virat Kohli is keen to pick his brain.
Ind-Eng series schedule; Kohli thanks Dhoni
Dhoni, one of the greatest captains in limited overs cricket history, decided to step down on Wednesday (January 4), paving way for Kohli. ('Difficult' to captain in limited overs: Kohli)
Now, the 28-year-old Kohli is the skipper of India across all three formats. His first assignment as a full-time ODI leader will be against England starting on January 15 (Sunday) in Pune.
The Delhi right-hander thanked Dhoni and the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) for the responsibility.
Dhoni will now play under Kohli's leadership. He will continue to keep wickets and Kohli said he would be "running" to Dhoni for captaincy inputs on the field.
"On the field, obviously I would be running to him (Dhoni) quite a lot. Even now when he was captain we would always have discussions and he would come to a conclusion," Kohli told the Board of Control for Cricket in India's (BCCI) website.
During Dhoni's tenure as captain, Kohli, as the vice-captain, used to provide vital inputs during matches.
In October, Dhoni had said, "I have already started using him (Kohli). There is more interaction (on the field). It is evident if you watch the game. We are two individuals who conduct in different ways."
OneIndia News


text:
The Danny Espinosa/Steve Lombardozzi debate highlights many fascinating aspects of baseball fandom. It is tools vs. grit, slash line vs. batting average, and strikeouts vs. productive outs. The main issue is that in every meaningful category for their careers, Espinosa is a better player.
Look at the two slash lines. Espinosa, for his career, is at .236/.311/.407 and Lombardozzi is at .273/.314/.352. While the increase in contact rate is aesthetically pleasing, it is close to meaningless because their OBP is so close. That .003 point advantage Lombardozzi has equates to two extra times on base over 600 plate appearances.
The other big difference between Lombardozzi and Espinosa is defense. When it comes to second base defense there are few as good at it as Espinosa. In many ways, this is the part of the game that is most ignored. Espinosa is taking a lot of heat for the Nats' offensive woes over their last several games, but no one has mentioned the multiple double plays he has been a part of or the difficult plays he makes look routine.
Espinosa has such range at second that he covers the area from behind the second base bag to the grass in short right field. Few notice his great defensive plays because he makes them standing up, and it looks routine. According to advanced stats over 150 games, Espinosa would save five runs over Lombardozzi's defense at second, and over the past two seasons, that is up to nearly 10 runs.
The reason that this debate is even happening now, though, is that Espinosa is off to his second straight slow start. In 2012, Espinosa ended April with an OPS of .569, and so far in 2013, he has an OPS of .525. It isn't good, but it isn't his true talent level either.
After April and before the injury at the end of September, Espinosa batted .263/.325/.435. As Espinosa is only a third-year player, it is hard to say what his true talent level is, but that .760 OPS for most of last season and his .737 OPS in his rookie season of 2011 seem to indicate it is somewhere in the .750 range. To understand why this is good, consider that a league average second baseman is around a .714 OPS. When Espinosa is hitting at his true talent level, he is an above average offensive player that plays elite defense for the position.
Lombardozzi, on the other hand, is a great utility player. His value comes in his ability to play multiple positions and give more than one player a day off during a week. As an offensive second baseman, Lombardozzi doesn't cut it. He had a 2012 OPS of .671 and a career OPS of .666. Both are markedly below average. Combine the fact that the team would be suffering a defensive let down at a premier defensive position, and the move makes even less sense.
Espinosa and Lombardozzi both happen to be switch-hitters and both struggle from one side of the plate. Lombardozzi can't hit left_handed pitching and Espinosa can't hit right-handed pitching. But even with an OPS over 100 points below what he hits off of left-handers, Espinosa's .692 is higher than Lombardozzi's .689 vs. righties. Against left-handers, there is no debate. Espinosa, at .272/.343/.462, is vastly superior to Lombardozzi, at .255/.287/.304. When facing left-handers, there is no doubt that Espinosa should play, and while worse against right-handers, he is still statistically better than Lombardozzi.
Lot's of people look at Lombardozzi and see a player that hits. It is true that he puts the ball in play at a high rate, but an out is an out. There is little difference in run value between a strikeout and any other type of out. Aside from putting the ball in play a lot, Lombardozzi as a bench player is having his at-bats controlled by a manager who knows how to get the most out of his bench. Off the bench, Lombardozzi is hitting .305/.379/.356, but as a starter he is exposed and is hitting .268/.304/.352. Give major league pitchers enough looks at a slap-hitting contact man and they will carve him up.
Espinosa may continue to struggle, but when a problem such as his, swinging at 46.1 percent of the pitches he sees out of the zone, it's easy to diagnose the solution isn't that far away. If Espinosa can play to his true talent level at the plate, he is one of the better second basemen in all of baseball.
Even with his poor April and injured September, he finished the 2012 season as the fifth-best second baseman in baseball according to fWAR. The problem is Espinosa has become the scapegoat for the Nationals' 10-10 start, and fans are demanding something be done. Mike Rizzo is a more patient man than that, but if Espinosa has an OPS of .600 or below come June, then something will be done. But the long-term answer still won't be Steve Lombardozzi.
David Huzzard blogs about the Nationals for Citizens of Natstown, and offers his viewpoints as part of MASNsports.com's season-long initiative of welcoming guest bloggers to our little corner of cyberspace. All opinions expressed are those of the guest bloggers, who are not employed by MASNsports.com but are just as passionate about their baseball as our roster of writers.


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Contact Info / Websites
Recent Audio Reviews
A Little Anarchy DrumOff Cover
Rated 5 / 5 stars
5/5 Awesome track.
I used this for my first Halo stop motion as well. It was perfect.
Thanks for uploading this.
10 BIT [Loop]
Rated 5 / 5 stars
I don't know how long I have been sitting here listening to this.
I've been looking for something subtle and perfect for my game. Kudos, I found it.
TomKay responds:
Thank you for your review. Feel free to send me a message as I like to play your game once it's finished! :)


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Posted April 2nd, 2010, 06:28 PM
Ok, this is a very silly question. But I have never gambled before and I am interested in trying the penny slots. Do you use actual pennys, or do they some how put it on ur S&S card? And again Im sorry for asking such a silly question, I was just a bit confused (its been a LONG day!).


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 4, 1996
|Filing date
|Feb 21, 1995
|Priority date
|Jul 20, 1993
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Robert J. Steger
|Original Assignee
|Applied Materials, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (15), Referenced by (98), Classifications (11), Legal Events (3)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation of patent application Ser. No. 08/094,640 entitled AN ELECTROSTATIC CHUCK HAVING A GROOVED SURFACE filed on Jul. 20, 1993, now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to an electrostatic chuck for retaining a workpiece, particularly, such a chuck having a grooved insulating layer which supports the workpiece, and a method of fabricating this chuck.
2. Description of the Background Art
In general, chucks are used in various material processing systems to retain workpieces, such as semiconductor wafers or dielectric substrates, in a mechanically stationary position while such a system processes the workpiece. In particular, during semiconductor wafer processing, chucks are used to position a substrate of semiconductor material within a vacuum chamber while the substrate undergoes one or more process steps for creating integrated circuits on the substrate. As is well known in the art, such process steps include, for example, ion implantation, sputtering, plasma etching, or chemical vapor deposition.
Generally, during processing, the semiconductor wafer is repeatedly heated and cooled while undergoing various process steps. Typically, all of the process steps are accomplished in a vacuum chamber having a relatively high vacuum. Because a vacuum does not provide heat conduction or convection, a vacuum environment provides limited heat transfer from the wafer. Conventionally, to improve heat conduction from the wafer, the wafer rests upon a massive, heat conductive pedestal, typically formed of a metallic material. Additionally, the periphery of the wafer may be mechanically clamped to the pedestal. One or more grooves are often formed in the surface of the pedestal which faces the wafer. These grooves are typically produced in a defined pattern by appropriately machining the surface of the pedestal. To provide a spatially uniform conductive heat transfer from the wafer to the pedestal, a heat transfer medium, typically a gas such as helium, is pumped into the grooves. These grooves act as flow conduits which uniformly distribute the heat transfer medium along the surface of the wafer that faces the pedestal. Such a conductive heat transfer process is commonly referred to as a "gas assisted heat transfer". Such gas assisted heat transfer is disclosed by Tsui in European published patent application Ser. No. 0,397,315, and which is incorporated herein by reference.
Gas assisted heat transfer between a workpiece and a pedestal usually relies upon equipment which mechanically clamps a wafer to a pedestal, i.e., a mechanical chuck. Such a mechanical chuck is disclosed by Morley in U.S. Pat. No. 4,603,466, and which is incorporated herein by reference. Specifically, this chuck mechanically clamps a wafer about its periphery to a dome shaped plate (pedestal). Ports are provided through the plate to introduce a gas to an interstitial space between the pedestal and the wafer. A machined annular groove extends about the periphery of the pedestal surface. This groove is connected to a vacuum pump to remove the gas from the interstitial space to minimize possible gas leakage from the interstitial space into the vacuum environment in which the wafer is contained.
In an effort to produce equipment which can retain a workpiece without grasping or clamping the workpiece, i.e., without using a mechanical chuck, the art has developed so-called electrostatic chucks. An example of an electrostatic chuck is disclosed by Briglia in U.S. Pat. No. 4,184,188, which is also incorporated herein by reference. An electrostatic chuck retains a workpiece, such as a semiconductor wafer, by generating a charge differential between a surface of the wafer and one or more electrodes located within the body of the chuck. The ensuing electrostatic force developed between the wafer and the electrodes retains the wafer against the chuck body. The electrodes are typically insulated from the wafer by a relatively thin layer or film of insulating or dielectric material (hereinafter the dielectric layer). As such, the dielectric layer provides a surface upon which the electrostatic force retains the wafer. There are many well known techniques for generating the electrostatic force in an electrostatic chuck, all of which are not relevant here.
For various reasons, including facilitating easy removal of the wafer from the chuck body after processing, the surface of the dielectric layer may be molded or shaped. In particular, as described in Japanese Laid-Open patent application number 60-261377 published on Dec. 24, 1985, the surface of the dielectric layer against which the wafer is retained may contain an embossed pattern of protrusions which support the wafer. Alternatively, as described in Japanese Laid-Open patent application number 63-194345 published on Aug. 11, 1988, strips of a rubber material may be positioned between the dielectric layer and the wafer to provide spatially periodic wafer support.
As with the mechanical chuck, pumping a heat conductive medium between the wafer and the electrostatic chuck would facilitate improved heat conduction from the wafer to the chuck. However, in the past, no economical techniques were available for producing grooves in a dielectric layer. As a result, electrostatic chucks generally do not have gas assisted cooling. In particular, neither of the periodic support structures described in Japanese Laid-Open application numbers 63-194345 and 60-261377 and discussed above contains channels or grooves through which a heat transfer medium could be pumped. Additionally, as discussed below, various methods have been used in an attempt to produce grooves in the surface of a chuck body. However, such methods have proved economically unfeasible.
One such technique for producing grooves in a dielectric surface involved machining the grooves into the surface. Unfortunately, this proved to be considerably difficult. In particular, when a relatively thin dielectric layer was machined to form such grooves, that layer tended to fracture or chip; thus, rendering the entire chuck body useless. Additionally, this machining was a relatively slow process that added excessive labor costs to the manufacturing cost of the chuck as well as resulted in low yields.
Another technique for producing grooves in an otherwise smooth surface of a dielectric layer use a die to emboss a groove pattern into the dielectric layer before hardening the layer. However, when an embossed layer, typically formed of a relatively thick layer of ceramic material, was hardened by firing, the ceramic material shrank in a non-uniform manner. As such, dimensions of an embossed pattern tended to change substantially, thereby producing what is commonly referred to as "dimensional shift". Dimensional shift often resulted in non-uniform grooves. Consequently, when a heat transfer medium was pumped into the grooves, the medium was non-uniformly distributed. As a result, a wafer used in conjunction with such a chuck tended to exhibit non-uniform cooling. This, in turn, unfortunately caused detrimental effects, such as wafer warping, during subsequent processing. Additionally, only a limited number of dielectric materials have the viscosity allowing them to be embossed. This, in turn, by limiting the selection of useful materials, restricted the range of dielectric coefficients that could be achieved. Therefore, embossing was not generally favored as a technique for producing such grooves in the surface of a chuck body.
Therefore, a need exists in the art for a practical method of producing an electrostatic chuck having heat transfer medium distribution grooves in a surface of a dielectric layer that forms a portion of the chuck. This method should produce grooves of substantially uniform dimensions. Advantageously, an electrostatic chuck formed by such a method would, when used during wafer processing, successfully facilitate use of gas assisted heat transfer.
A chuck body contains a substrate having one or more electrodes deposited thereupon and a layer of insulating material (a "dielectric layer") disposed over both the electrodes and a surface of the substrate which supports the electrodes. Generally, the dielectric layer has a relatively smooth surface facing away from the electrodes which is conventionally used to support a semiconductor wafer during subsequent processing.
A relatively thin layer of insulating material is produced by screen printing an insulating material paste over the smooth surface of the dielectric layer. The paste is applied in a pattern which includes at least one gap. After firing to harden the paste into a patterned layer, the patterned layer contains the gap(s) defined by the screen pattern.
The combination of the dielectric layer and the patterned layer form a composite insulating layer having a grooved surface. Specifically, each groove in the composite layer has a bottom defined by the surface of the dielectric layer and sides defined by the gap formed in the patterned layer. The grooved surface is used to support a workpiece, e.g., a wafer, during subsequent processing.
A hole produced through the substrate and the composite layer provides a portal through which a heat transfer medium, e.g., a gas, can be pumped into the grooves. Consequently, the medium promotes conductive heat exchange between the workpiece and the composite insulating layer.
The teachings of the present invention can be readily understood by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGS. 1A-1E successively show side cross-sectional views of an electrostatic chuck that results after each process step in my inventive method of fabricating the chuck;
FIG. 2 depicts a plan view of substrate 100 shown in FIG. 1A;
FIG. 3 depicts a plan view of an illustrative electrode pattern for electrodes 104 and 106 shown in FIG. 1B; and
FIG. 4 depicts a plan view of an illustrative pattern of grooves 420 formed in the surface of an electrostatic chuck for uniformly distributing a heat transfer medium adjacent a surface of a workpiece.
My invention can be readily utilized in various conventional types of electrostatic chuck equipment, such as the Precision 5000 manufactured by Applied Materials, Inc. of Santa Clara, Calif. In particular, my inventive chuck is useful in any type of electrostatic chuck equipment capable of gas assisted heat transfer.
FIGS. 1A-1E depict side cross-sectional views of an electrostatic chuck after each process step in my inventive method of fabricating the chuck. To best understand the following discussion, the reader should simultaneously refer to FIGS. 1A-1E. Though my inventive method can be used to form a grooved layer by applying the patterned layer to a previously fabricated chuck body, the following discussion will discuss my method in the context of fabricating an illustrative chuck body.
In particular, fabrication of one embodiment of the electrostatic chuck begins by forming a conventional, generally cylindrical chuck body 111. The chuck body 111 contains a ceramic substrate 100, electrodes 104 and 106, and a dielectric layer 108. Typically, the substrate 100 is a layer of high purity alumina having an approximate thickness of 2.5 to 5 mm. Such an alumina layer provides a strong, cost effective substrate upon which to fabricate an electrostatic chuck. Additionally, alumina provides a substantially flat and smooth surface upon which electrodes can be uniformly deposited. Moreover, alumina has a relatively high dielectric constant which results in a relatively low radio frequency (rf) impedance. A low rf impedance of the substrate is important for producing adequate electrostatic force between a semiconductor wafer and the chuck.
Holes 200, 202 and 216 are formed in the substrate to provide access to the various layers which are subsequently formed upon the substrate. Typically, the holes are formed either with a diamond tipped tool, e.g., a drill or grinding bit, or a vibrating tool and grinding grit. The specific nature and use of these holes are discussed below with respect to FIGS. 2 and 3.
One or more electrodes are formed upon surface 102 of the substrate 100 using well known thick-film deposition techniques. The electrodes are usually fabricated from silver; however, other suitable materials that can be used include palladium/silver alloys, molybdenum/magnesium alloys and tungsten. Illustratively, FIG. 1B depicts the two electrodes 104 and 106. Typically, the two electrodes are formed in an interdigital finger pattern. An illustrative interdigital pattern is depicted in FIG. 3 and discussed below. The technique used to generate the electrostatic force to retain the workpiece generally defines the number and pattern of the electrodes. Any such electrode pattern or number of electrodes may be used in conjunction with my invention. In fact, to produce a simple form of chuck body, the substrate 100 and the electrodes 104 and 106 can be replaced with a single metal electrode, e.g., a flat tungsten member.
As shown in FIG. 1C, to complete the chuck body, a dielectric layer 108 is deposited upon both the substrate and the electrodes. Typically, the dielectric layer is fabricated by applying a paste of dielectric material to the surface of the substrate. The paste may be applied in any one of the many methods commonly known in the art, including screen printing. Such dielectric material pastes are commonly known in the art as screen printable dielectric inks or pastes. These pastes generally comprise various combinations of glass and ceramic materials in a binding solution. One such dielectric material that can be applied in this fashion is "Dielectric Crossover Type-1000" manufactured by Transene, Inc. of Rowley, Massachusetts. Alternatively, the layer can be formed of an insulating material such as polyimide.
Once the dielectric paste is applied, the entire chuck body is then dried at approximately 120� C. to remove a solvent from the paste that controls paste viscosity. Subsequently, the dried paste is fired at approximately 500� to 575� C. until the dried paste forms a hard dielectric layer. The resulting layer has a smooth, flat surface and an approximate thickness of 150 to 500 νm.
My inventive method adds a patterned layer of insulating material to the conventional chuck body 111. The patterned layer is disposed over the surface of the dielectric layer within the chuck body. The combination of the patterned layer and the dielectric layer forms a composite layer having a surface with grooves therein. These grooves are defined by sides produced by the gap(s) in the patterned layer and a bottom produced by the surface of the dielectric layer.
Specifically, FIG. 1D depicts a resulting chuck 113 after the patterned layer 112 is deposited upon a surface 110 of the dielectric layer 108. Surface 110 is considered the surface of the chuck body. The patterned layer is deposited using a screen printing process that permits a pattern of gaps to be produced in the insulating layer. Typically, the screen printing process uses a 120 to 220 mesh screen. A specific pattern of gaps is drawn upon the screen; a blocking polymer is then deposited upon the screen and hardened in areas of the screen where gaps are desired. The screen is typically supported by a frame that maintains the screen at approximately a 0.5 mm distance above the dielectric layer. Once the screen is positioned above the dielectric layer, an insulating material paste, generally known in the art as a screen printable dielectric ink or paste, is spread over the screen. Illustratively, the insulating material may be the same as that used to form the dielectric layer 108, e.g., "Dielectric Crossover Type-1000" However, the insulating material can be different from the material used to form the dielectric layer 108. Typically, the type of material chosen depends on the dielectric constant and insulating characteristics desired for the chuck. Therefore, the material selection is a design choice made when the specific application for the chuck is known.
After the paste is applied, the screen is removed leaving a pattern of paste upon the dielectric layer, i.e., the paste adheres to the dielectric layer in the areas of the screen which do not contain the blocking polymer. The paste is dried at approximately 120� C. to remove a solvent from the paste that is used to control the paste viscosity. Subsequently, the dried paste is fired at approximately 500� to 575� C. until the paste hardens into an insulating patterned layer. The resulting layer has a pattern of gaps formed by the portions of the screen containing the blocking polymer. Because the paste is applied in a relatively thin layer, e.g., approximately 20 mils, the hardening process uniformly hardens the patterned layer without causing significant dimensional shift.
Illustratively, FIG. 1D depicts the chuck 113 having gaps 114, 116 and 118 in the patterned layer 112. The patterned layer 112 and the dielectric layer 108, in combination, form composite layer 124, containing grooves 130, 132 and 134. Each groove has a bottom 128 defined by the surface 110 of the dielectric layer 108 and sides 126 defined by the gaps 114, 116 and 118.
As a final step in my inventive method, the entire top surface, i.e., surface 120, of the patterned layer 112 is ground such that the overall chuck has a predetermined degree of flatness, e.g., within 50 νm. The grinding is accomplished using alumina or some other fine powder in a grinding slurry. After grinding, the insulating layer has an approximate thickness of 50 νm. Consequently, the composite layer has an approximate thickness of 200 to 550 νm.
As shown in FIG. 1E, when a workpiece such as a semiconductor wafer 122 is retained against the patterned layer 112 by an electrostatic force between the wafer and the electrodes, grooves 130, 132 and 134 form channels through which a heat transfer medium, such as helium gas, can pass. As such, the gas assists in conducting heat from the wafer to the chuck body during wafer processing. The amount of heat conducted by an electrostatic chuck having a gas assisted heat transfer capability is significantly greater than the amount of heat typically conducted by a conventional electrostatic chuck operating in a vacuum. Conventional chucks are capable of less than 10 mW/cm2 C.� of thermal conductivity, while my inventive chuck produces 60 mW/cm2 C.� of thermal conductivity when the grooves are filled with helium gas at a 20 torr pressure.
FIG. 2 depicts a plan view of the substrate 100 that forms a portion of the conventional chuck body. The substrate contains holes 200 and 202 which provide an electrically conductive path to the electrodes 104 and 106. Specifically, each of these holes, e.g., holes 200 and 202, respectively, contain contact bushings 204 and 206. As is well known in the art, each contact bushing lines its respective hole with a conductive material, such as silver or tungsten. When the electrodes are deposited upon the substrate, the electrode material bonds with each bushing; hence, the bushings form a conductive path through the substrate to the electrodes. A hole through each bushing provides a location into which a conductive wire (not shown) can be soldered beneath the chuck substrate such that voltage may be applied to the electrodes.
Additionally, the substrate 100 contains four wafer lift pin holes 208, 210, 212 and 214. These holes provide access for pins used to mechanically separate the wafer from the electrostatic chuck after the wafer has been fully processed. Also, a centrally located hole 216 provides a conduit through which a heat transfer medium can be supplied to the grooves.
FIG. 3 depicts a plan view of a typical electrode pattern used in a conventional chuck body. Illustratively, the electrode pattern contains two interdigital electrodes 104 and 106 separated by a gap 300 of approximately 2 mm. Each electrode is connected to a particular contact bushing. In particular, contact bushing 204 in hole 200 connects to electrode 104 and contact bushing 206 in hole 202 connects to electrode 106. The holes 208, 210, 212, 214 and 216 are each provided access through the electrode pattern. Wafer lift pin holes 208, 210, 212 and 214 extend through the patterned layer as well as the underlying chuck body. Typically, the holes through the chuck body substrate are formed by drilling or grinding, while the holes through the composite layer are formed during the silk screening process used to form that layer.
FIG. 4 depicts a plan view of an illustrative pattern of grooves 420 in the composite layer 124 contained in the surface of an electrostatic chuck fabricated in accordance with my invention. To uniformly distribute a heat transfer medium pumped, via the hole 216, into the groove pattern, this pattern contains a plurality of circular grooves 400, 402, 404, 406, 408 and 410, all concentric about the hole 216. Each circular groove is interconnected to one another by a plurality of radially extending grooves 412, 414, 416 and 418. Each groove, radial and concentric, has a width of approximately 0.2 to 2 mm. Such a pattern and groove width enables the grooves to be quickly, e.g., in less than fifteen seconds, pressurized to approximately 20 torr. The depicted pattern is illustrative and that other groove patterns may be implemented to achieve various heat transfer characteristics, such as placing more concentric grooves near the center of the wafer than near the periphery to cool the center of the wafer more quickly than the periphery.
The foregoing discussion presented my inventive method in the context of producing an entire electrostatic chuck. Alternatively, my inventive method can be used to improve an existing chuck body by adding a patterned layer thereto. For example, existing chuck bodies have a general form of conventional chuck body 111 shown in FIG. 1C. Specifically, as previously discussed, a conventional chuck body typically contains a substrate supporting one or more electrodes and a dielectric layer disposed over both the electrodes and the substrate. My inventive method adds to such a conventional chuck body a patterned layer using the method described above. Specifically, the patterned layer is screen printed upon the chuck body. As such, gaps in the patterned layer define sides of grooves and the surface of the chuck body defines the bottom of the grooves. The chuck body must then be adapted to enable a heat transfer medium to be pumped into the grooves. Such adaptation occurs by forming, typically by drilling, a hole through the chuck body such that the hole forms a portal through the substrate, electrodes and dielectric layer to the grooves.
When my inventive method is to be applied to an existing chuck body, the chuck body must contain a layer (dielectric layer) of insulating material over the electrodes. That layer should have a relatively smooth surface upon which the patterned layer can be applied. If, for some reason, the existing chuck body does not contain a dielectric layer, then such layer must be applied prior to forming the grooves in accordance with my invention. A screening process can be used to produce the needed dielectric layer over the electrodes. Subsequently, the patterned layer can be added to this dielectric layer to create the grooves.
Whether my inventive method is used to produce an entire electrostatic chuck or to improve an existing chuck body, the result is an inventive electrostatic chuck having grooves to facilitate gas assisted heat transfer. In operation, a workpiece is centered upon my inventive electrostatic chuck and the chuck is energized using well known equipment to produce an electrostatic force. As such, the electrostatic force retains the workpiece against the composite layer of the chuck. A gas, such as helium, is then pumped through the centrally located conduit and into the grooves. The grooves facilitate uniform distribution of the gas between the workpiece and the chuck. The uniformly distributed gas enhances the thermal conductivity from the workpiece to the chuck.
Although one embodiment incorporating the teachings of the present invention has been shown and described in detail herein, those skilled in the art can readily devise many other varied embodiments that still incorporate these teachings.
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|U.S. Classification
|29/829, 156/277, 279/128, 361/234
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Nov 29, 1999
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 26, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 14, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
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