text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 1, 2005
|Filing date
|May 15, 2002
|Priority date
|May 15, 2002
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Sergey D. Lopatin, Paul R. Besser, Matthew S. Buynoski, Pin-Chin Connie Wang
|Original Assignee
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (57), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (8), Classifications (12), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/994,397, entitled METHOD OF IMPLANTING COPPER BARRIER MATERIAL TO IMPROVE ELECTRICAL PERFORMANCE filed on Nov. 26, 2001; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/994,400, entitled METHOD OF INSERTING ALLOY ELEMENTS TO REDUCE COPPER DIFFUSION AND BULK DIFFUSION filed on Nov. 26, 2001; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/994,358, entitled METHOD OF IMPLANTATION AFTER COPPER SEED DEPOSITION filed on Nov. 26, 2001; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/994,395, entitled METHOD OF USING TERNARY COPPER ALLOY TO OBTAIN A LOW RESISTANCE AND LARGE GRAIN SIZE INTERCONNECT filed on Nov. 26, 2001; and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/123,751, entitled USE OF ULTRA-LOW ENERGY ION IMPLANTATION (ULEII) TO FORM ALLOY LAYERS IN COPPER; which are all assigned to the same assignee as this application.
The present invention relates generally to integrated circuits and methods of manufacturing integrated circuits. More particularly, the present invention relates to forming an adhesion layer with an element reactive with a barrier layer.
Semiconductor devices or integrated circuits (ICs) can include millions of devices, such as, transistors. Ultra-large scale integrated (ULSI) circuits can include complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) field effect transistors (FET). Despite the ability of conventional systems and processes to fabricate millions of IC devices on an IC, there is still a need to decrease the size of IC device features, and, thus, increase the number of devices on an IC. Nevertheless, there are many factors that make the continued miniaturization of ICs difficult. For example, as the size of vias (or pathways between integrated circuit layers used to electrically connect separate conductive layers) decreases, electrical resistance increases.
Conventional integrated circuits utilize vias to connect structures (e.g., gates, drain regions, source regions) and conductive lines. For example, a via can connect a gate above the substrate to a conductor line in a metal 1 layer. Vias can also interconnect conductive lines. For example, a via can connect a conductive line in a metal 1 layer to a conductor line in a metal 2 layer. A via is typically a metal plug which extends through an insulative layer in a multilayer integrated circuit. Vias and barrier layers are discussed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,646,448; 5,770,519; and 5,639,691; each of which are assigned to the assignee of the present application. A barrier layer is used to protect the via and insulative layer from metal diffusion and the via and conductive line from electromigration (EM). The barrier layer can contribute significantly to resistance associated with the via metal. Electromigration is the mass transport due to momentum exchange between conducting electrons and diffusing metal atoms. Electromigration causes progressive damage to the metal conductors in an integrated circuit. In general, metals are most susceptible to electromigration at very high current density and temperatures of 100� C. or more.
Integrated circuit manufacturers have attempted to reduce via resistance as the via size decreases by reducing the thickness of the barrier material. According to a conventional plasma vapor deposition (PVD) process, IC manufacturers deposit a very thin barrier material at the bottom of the via due to non-conformal deposition. The thickness of the barrier material is reduced by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) or atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes. These advanced deposition processes form highly conformal barrier metal films. However, reducing the barrier thickness causes the barrier to become more permeable to copper (Cu) diffusion, which can adversely affect resistance to electromigration.
A conventional integrated circuit can include a copper layer, a copper via, a copper layer, a dielectric layer, and a dielectric layer. The via and copper layer are separated by a barrier layer.
The integrated circuit can also include a dielectric layer that is separated from the copper layer by an etch stop layer. The dielectric layer can be oxide and the etch stop layer can be Silicon Nitride (SiN). The etch stop layer prevents diffusion of copper from the copper layer into the dielectric layer. The dielectric layer can be separated from the copper layer by a barrier layer. Barrier layers can be Tantalum Nitride (TaN). Etch stop layers can be Silicon Nitride (SiN).
According to conventional processes, the barrier layer can have a cross-sectional thickness of between 7 nm to 25 nm. The barrier layer inhibits diffusion of copper ions from layers into the via and from the via into the dielectric layer. Conventional barrier layers can include Tantalum Nitride (TaN).
As discussed above, conventional systems have attempted to reduce the thickness of the barrier layer to reduce the resistance associated with the via. However, this reduction in thickness can cause electromigration failures.
Electromigration failures have been described by Stanley Wolf, Ph.D. in Silicon Processing for the VLSI Era, Lattice Press, Sunset Beach, Calif., Vol. 2, pp. 264-65 (1990). Dr. Wolf explains that a positive divergence of the motion of the ions of a conductor leads to an accumulation of vacancies, forming a void in the metal. Such voids may ultimately grow to a size that results in open-circuit failure of the conductor line.
Thus, there is a need for a barrier that is more resistant to copper diffusion. Further, there is a need for a method of forming an adhesion layer with an element reactive with a barrier layer to improve resistance to copper diffusion. Even further, there is a need for a method of enhancing barrier properties by providing an adhesion layer as an interfacial layer between a barrier layer and a copper layer.
An exemplary embodiment is related to a method of fabricating an integrated circuit. This method can include forming a barrier material layer along lateral side walls and a bottom of a via aperture that is configured to receive a via material that electrically connects a first conductive layer and a second conductive layer, implanting a first alloy element into an interfacial layer over the barrier material layer, and implanting an alloy layer over the interfacial layer. The implanted first alloy element is reactive with the barrier material layer to increase resistance to copper diffusion.
Another exemplary embodiment is related to a method of implanting an adhesion layer between a barrier layer and an alloy layer to improve electrical performance in an integrated circuit fabrication process. This method can include providing a copper layer over an integrated circuit substrate, providing a barrier material at a bottom and sides of a via aperture in a dielectric layer positioned over the copper layer to form a barrier layer separating the via aperture from the copper layer, depositing an adhesion layer over the barrier layer thereby making the barrier layer more resistant to copper diffusion from the copper layer, and filling the via aperture with a via material and an alloy element.
Another exemplary embodiment is related to a method of forming a via in an integrated circuit. This method can include depositing a copper layer, depositing an etch stop layer over the copper layer, depositing an insulating layer over the etch stop layer, forming an aperture in the insulating layer and the etch stop layer, providing a barrier material at a bottom and sides of the aperture to form a barrier material layer providing separation from the copper layer, implanting a first alloy element into an interfacial layer over the barrier material layer, filling the aperture with a via material including a second alloy element to form a via, and providing a conductive layer over the via such that the via electrically connects the conductive layer to the copper layer. The implanted first alloy element is reactive with the barrier material layer to increase resistance to copper diffusion from the copper layer.
Other principle features and advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon review of the following drawings, the detailed description, and the appended claims.
The exemplary embodiments will hereafter be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals denote like elements, and:
With reference to
Aperture 105 is formed in preparation for the creation of a via by etching a portion of dielectric layer 115 and etch stop layer 125. In an exemplary embodiment, dielectric layer 115 is an oxide material and etch stop layer 125 is Silicon Nitride (SiN) or other suitable material. Etch stop layer 125 prevents diffusion of copper from copper layer 135 into dielectric layer 115.
Copper layer 135 can be a layer of copper positioned in proximate location to the via section associated with aperture 105. Copper layer 135 can be an alloy including copper (Cu). In an alternative embodiment, copper layer 130 is a stack of several layers.
Barrier layer 145 can be Tantalum (Ta), Titanium Nitride (TiN), Titanium Silicon Nitride (TiSiN), Tungsten Nitride (WNx), or other suitable material. In an exemplary embodiment, barrier layer 145 has a cross sectional thickness of 7-15 nm. In other embodiments, barrier layer 145 can have smaller dimensions, such as 3-7 nm. The barrier properties of barrier layer 145 can be enhanced by the addition of an implant.
In an exemplary method of fabricating portion 100, once copper layer 135 is created, etch stop layer 125 is deposited over copper layer 135 and dielectric layer 115 is deposited over etch stop layer 125. A resist layer is then deposited over dielectric layer 115. The resist layer is used in the patterning and etching in dielectric layer 115 and etch stop layer 125 to form aperture 105. The resist layer is removed before depositing via material in aperture 105 and depositing a conductive layer electrically connected to copper layer 135 by the via.
In an exemplary embodiment, via material can be formed in the via as follows. A Cu surface is treated with Ar ion sputtering and/or ammonia plasma, contaminating the Cu surface. A barrier (e.g., TaN, WN, TiSiN) is deposited on the treated Cu surface by a PVD or conformal ALD or CVD process. After the barrier is deposited, reactive element is ion implanted into the barrier surface layer and a Cu alloy seed (e.g., CuSn, CuZn, CuAg) is deposited over the barrier surface layer using an electroless process. A Cu conductor material can be deposited by electroplating or electroless. Finally, an anneal and a chemical mechanical polish (CMP) are applied.
In an alternative embodiment, via material can be formed in the via as follows. A Cu surface is treated with Ar ion sputtering and/or ammonia plasma. A barrier is deposited over the treated Cu surface by a conformal ALD or CVD process in the temperature range of 150-270� Celcius. After the barrier is deposited, an alloy seed is deposited and a reactive element is ion implanted through the deposited seed into a seed/barrier interface. A Cu conductor material can be deposited by electroplating or electroless. Finally, an anneal and a chemical mechanical polish (CMP) are applied.
Before depositing via material in aperture 105, an alloy element can be inserted to form adhesion layer 155 over barrier layer 145. In an exemplary embodiment, adhesion layer 155 is provided at the barrier interface after physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Adhesion layer 155 can include an element that is reactive with barrier layer 145. Adhesion layer 155 can include an element, such as, Iridium (Ir), Ruthenium (Ru), Rhenium (Re), or other suitable material. The alloy element for adhesion layer 155 can be applied at a dose of 2e14 atoms/cm2 or 2e15 atoms/cm2 and applied at an energy of, for example, 0.5 to 5 keV.
Advantageously, adhesion layer 155 provides for an improved copper barrier at barrier layer 145, thereby making barrier layer 145 more resistant to copper diffusion and less susceptible to electromigration. The formation of adhesion layer 155 can be part of the deposition process of copper alloy layer 165. Alternatively, adhesion layer 155 and copper alloy layer 165 are provided in separate steps.
Referring to
Dielectric layers can include low dielectric constant materials deposited by CVD or spin-on techniques. CVD SiCOH film can serve as dielectric layer. Organic spin-on material such as "Silk" from Dow Chemicals, Co. also can serve as dielectric layer. Low dielectric constant materials can have dielectric constant below 3.5, such as k=1.5-3.5 and can include porous materials with porosity between 10 and 45%. Pore size can have dimensions of 1-15 nm. Porous dielectric can be formed by CVD or spin-on deposition followed by thermal treatments to form pores distribution.
Dielectric layer 350 can be separated from copper layer 330 by a barrier layer 352. Similarly, dielectric layer 360 can be separated from copper via layer 310 by a barrier layer 382. Barrier layers 352 and 382 can be Tantalum Nitride (TaN). Etch stop layers 372, 374, 376, and 378 can be Silicon Nitride (SiN).
Adhesion layer 341 can include an element that is reactive with barrier layer 340. Example elements include Ir, Ru, and Re. Adhesion layer 341 can be formed as part of the process of providing via/trench section 320 or as a separate formation step. Adhesion layer 341 can have a thickness of 2-5 nm.
Adhesion layer 441 can include a ternary copper alloy that is reactive with barrier layer 440. Advantageously, use of a ternary copper alloy in the formation of vias or interconnects can provide improved reliability and performance. For example, electromigration reliability can be improved due to staffed grain boundaries. Further, electromigration is improved due to increased grain size.
While the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures and described above are presently preferred, it should be understood that these embodiments are offered by way of example only. Other embodiments may include, for example, different methods of implanting copper alloys and different elements into alloys. The invention is not limited to a particular embodiment, but extends to various modifications, combinations, and permutations that nevertheless fall within the scope and spirit of the appended claims.
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|May 15, 2002
Owner name: ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC., CALIFORNIA
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|Aug 19, 2008
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Owner name: GLOBALFOUNDRIES INC., CAYMAN ISLANDS
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text:
bosoz buzzing problem
yes, another problem. i just started another thread because i have a feeling someone in the future might have this problem, so instead of burying it in a 4-page thread, ill just make a new one for it.
anyways, here is the problem...
i got all the fets changed out and the preamp section tests well. the two voltage reference points are pretty close to perfect (+-1% or so). and, i got music. however, after completely finishing the faceplate, hooking up the LED's for what i thought would be the last time, now i get some buzzing and humming out of it.
i would normally assume ground loop or something like that, which i am familiar with and can fix. however, this is different. the amp belts out a loud buzz sound as soon as its turned on, and it slowly fades after maybe 5 seconds, and goes away. the amp isnt exactly dead quiet afterwards (its got some hiss and a SLIGHT hum) which increases with volume to a pretty loud buzz at full volume.
if i turn the amp on, wait until the buzz thing goes away, then turn it off and back on really quick, it doesnt happen again. so, its like it only happens when its "charging". thats just an explaination of how it feels, not a techincal explaination of what i think is happening.
also, im using a light bulb in series to check for shorts (ive tried without one, it does the same thing), and when the amp turns on, the light bulb light VERY brightly and dims in sync with the buzz. and the light bulb never completely goes off. it is always on just a little bit. it glows very dimly but is never off when the preamp is on.
the funny thing is, when i was testing the amp after i changed those resistor values that were wrong, i never noticed a hum at all. it sounded fine. the buzz is quite loud and it sounds like something is VERY VERY wrong at first, and then it slowly fades and goes away. but when it first comes on, you think the speakers are at risk or something is seriously in danger.
that doesnt seem like a good sign.
SO, i will conquer this, but i will definately think twice about building a preamp again! ill link the previous thread so you can figure out schematic and stuff if you havent been following my plight.
p.s. - this thing is drop-dead gorgeous with its final coats of lacquer though! and i didnt put anything against the backs of the LED's so they glow inside the case to let a tiny bit of blue light spill out of the top vents. yummy. now it just needs to work.
It sounds like it is on the verge of oscillations that just come and go as you describe. Was there any change in the wiring, wire routing, screening or something that could have caused it? Changes to grounding the connector(s) to the chassis?
Jan Didden
well, more updates.
janneman, thanks for the advice.
the amp was tested in the same environment as before. i really cant think of anything that was different. it didnt have the faceplate on, which has LED's on it. but, they are wired separately from the PSU. they have their own windings on the transformer.
i did a bit more reading on here and saw that some people had a humming or buzzing because their RCA's were grounded to the chassis. so, i used external RCA's that werent touching or connected to the chassis at all. they acted pretty much the same. it still buzzes when it comes on, and buzzes for a brief second once it turns off.
its pretty loud and doesnt appear to be dependant on the volume level of the preamp. when volume is off (which, with music, is off), it is same volume. and when its full volume, its same loudness. it happens with or without a source plugged in or turned on. i even removed the whole input selector/volume control from the circuit, so you had NO input what-so-ever and it was still there.
i did further testing and it is technically operating just fine. im getting fine voltages and its getting very warm. i did notice however that the music sounds like crap though. its some of the worst music ive heard come out of a stereo. the bass is so sloppy it almost sounds like a different song and there are virtually no highs. its MUCH different than when i made my first post. it sounded decent except for it was just a bit noisy. now, it just sounds bad.
how can there be this many problems with such a simple circuit???
the only wires that were changed recently were the ones for the LED's. everything else is pretty much the same. all the PSU wires are wire-tied to the chassis and cant be removed easily, and havent changed since the beginning.
do i need to be shorting the - and gnd for the inputs and outputs? kristijan (if i remember right) said i didnt need to for this design. i figured it really wouldnt work right at all if i had needed to...
any suggestion is a good one at this point!
here are a couple of questions i have. they are just general, but pertain to this project, but will help me out in the future...
1.) when using the light bulb thingy in series with mains, how should it act? when i turn on the preamp, should it glow full power, then dim to just a faint glow? is that normal, or should it always be off, or just be on when the preamp first kicks on?
2.) do you have to insulate RCA jacks from the chassis?
3.) without a scope, is there any way to tell if an amp is oscillating?
4.) can ground issues alone make an amp oscillate?
5.) what are the basic symptoms of an oscillating amp? can it still play music? will the music sound different? do you just get a hum/buzz, or will the music be terrible?
geez, that could be one problem...
i just checked it, and the - and GND are not shorted. they are just open. ill have to fix that... but i will only short the inputs.
regarding the RCA jack isolation... is it a good idea, or a necessity... if it MUST be done, ok. but if it doesnt have to be done, and you can get away with it not being done, that would make life easier.
i already tried the amp without completely isolated RCA jacks and if anything it was much noiser. so, if its just a "good idea" then ill keep it the way it is, but if its the problem, i can fix it.
Edit. I found it:) I just like that drawing of JH's:)
how do you go about isolating the rca jacks from the case though?
2 Attachment(s)
Edit, some of my friends use plastic for the rearpanel, to get rid of that problem. Plexiglass, fiberglass or something like that. Might save your jacks;)
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Minnesota Twins released a commercial to hype the 2014 season, and fans of the Atlanta Braves will not be pleased with it. In the commercial, former Twins first baseman Kent Hrbek shows new Twins first baseman Joe Mauer how to play his new position by treating Minnesota mascot T.C. Bear like he treated Ron Gant during the 1991 World Series.
Cold, Twins – cold.


text:
Golf Swing iPhone Apps: 3 Ways They Fix Flaws in Your Swing
Golf swing iPhone apps that lower your scores
With the booming advancement of technology in the game of golf there are now numerous ways to improve your golf swing.
One of these is the use of golf swing iPhone apps that are available on your iPhone.
With the iPhone being readily available to a world-wide audience it uses have flowed over to the world of golf.
I have had a lot of success with a golf swing iPhone app called 'Golf Swing Reader'.
Golf Swing Reader is available for just $2.99 and is a must for any golfer wanting to improve their golf game.
It is an in built software program that allows plane lines to be drawn across a video of your golf swing.
Using this with a good golf instruction system such as the Perfect Impact System is one of the best ways can you lower your golf scores.
Here are 3 of the best ways golf swing iPhone apps (Golf Swing Reader) can really make a huge difference in your golf game:-
Golf swing reader
1. The Golf Swing Reader enables the user to draw plane lines on top of a video of your golf swing. This lets you see if your golf swing is moving on the correct plane from start to finish.
Keeping your golf swing on plane is vital if you wish to ever play golf at the highest level.
Off plane golf swings result in poorly directed and poorly struck golf shots. Problems such as an inside takeaway or an over the top golf swing can easily be identified and fixed within minutes.
This makes it one of the best golf swing iPhone apps you can buy.
2. The Golf Swing Reader enables the user to compare his/her golf swing to that of their favourite professional golfer.
You can actually transcribe your golf swing on top of theirs so you can see what the pros do and how you are doing it differently.
This is not only helpful for the swing plane but also for comparing swing speed and tempo.
3. The Golf Swing Reader allows the user to pause and slow your golf swing in super slow motion. This shows key points in the golf swing where you could be going wrong and gives valuable feedback.
You can also use it to focus on key posture points of your golf swing set up and see any changes that may occur during the golf swing.
This is particularly helpful for marking the head position and tracking any possible movement during the golf swing.
Wrapping up
At such a low cost most golf swing iPhone apps are a valuable resource for all serious golfers. I personally use the Golf Swing Reader and would recommend it to anyone.
It's easy to use and only requires a few presses of the button to get it working.
If you enjoyed this post please leave a comment below or click on your favourite social media icon to the left.


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WASHINGTON - The Pentagon called on Israel on Thursday to do more to protect civilian life during its military operations in Gaza, saying the conflict was taking too high a toll on civilians."The civilian casualties in Gaza have been too high. And it's become clear that the Israelis need to do more to live up to their very high standards - their very high and very public standards - for protecting civilian life," Pentagon spokesman Colonel Steve Warren said at a news briefing.
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text: Last night I went to Tigerland in the east village. It has been on my radar for a long time. My experience bolstered a view I hold about NY dining. One perception of this restaurant was mostly accurate. The room was basic and the buzz non-existent. This did not in any way mar the experience for me.From top to bottom I enjoyed every dish and got the feeling that the owners lack business savy, but understand food quite well. Berkshire pork ( in several dishes), Creative vietnamese crepes with bacon and vegetables, Chinese/Thai style egg wrap with lettuce and herbs, spicy curry chicken, citrusy beef salad, gently fried chicken wings, two rice fried rice dishes scallion and shitake and pork fried rice. All good. I liked the egg dish most, but was impressed with the freshness, subtlety and coherence of all the food. Sometimes the Thai/Vitenamese stuff in nyc is heavy, sweet and almost over flavored. This was not. It was simply done, but represented what good chefs can do with fresh ingredients. To drink we had sangria and sing ha. The sangria was mellow, but good. It did not have that sweet taste that sangria can have. For desseert we had flan with caramel sauce and a coffee cupcake. The flan was firm and flavorful. The cupcake just ok. Later in the evening I spoke with women at the bar that worked there. They concurred with me that the food is terrific, but the business plan may be lacking. I am not an entrepeneur so beyond a basic PR discusion I could not offer advise for Tigerland. I just wonder sometimes if the dining public is paying attention to their food when they eat. If they were than some of the other popular, but mediocre spots would not fill stomachs, and peple could dine where the food is simply done right. I guess Tigerland and some other "under the radar" restaurants would need to do better on their end to accomplish that.


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About the RodeoOctober 1st - 31st
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Автор: Parsons Tony
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Seven short stories from bestselling author Tony Parsons, based on his week as Writer in Residence at Heathrow airport. Here is Heathrow as it has never been seen before - a secret city populated by the 75 million travellers who pass through every year, a place where journeys and dreams end - and begin. From the brilliant twenty-something kids who control the skies up in Air Traffic Control to the softly-spoken man who cares for the dogs, lions and smuggled rattlesnakes at Heathrow's Animal Reception Centre, from the immigration officers who have heard it all before to the firemen who hone their skills by setting the green plane on fire, from the armed police who watch for terrorist attacks to the pilots who have touched the face of god - Heathrow teems with life. In Departures, his first collection of short stories, Tony Parsons takes us deep inside the secret city.
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When Your Dog Wants To Say Hi
Friday, April 8, 2016
One of my favorite things about Chicago is that it's a dog friendly city. Harlow goes everywhere with me. We go shopping, to the bank, the dry cleaner, the bar... basically everywhere. And when we go on walks he knows all of the treat stops and will wait patiently (not patiently at all) for me to get a treat from the jar for him.
Given that Chicago is so dog friendly, on any given walk we'll pass by at least ten other dogs. When it's nice outside, it could be twenty. Which is wonderful, until we get that owner who insists their dog "just wants to say hi."
Harlow would not hurt a fly. In fact, he's actually scared of moths (my fault, he senses my fear.) His other fears include shampoo bottles, bubble wrap, statues, and mustard. He's an odd duck...
But he's an animal and he does show aggression from time to time. And those times are always when he's on leash. Because I spend every waking hour with Harlow, I know him inside and out. And you might think I'm crazy, but I can distinguish between every single bark, growl, and ear movement he makes.
So when we're walking on leash and a big dog approaches, I see him move back toward me and put his ears down in a way that tells me a. he's nervous and b. he's insecure. (No matter how much I tell Harlow he's the best, he does suffer from some major insecurities. Don't we all, though?)
Anyway. I know my dog so I simply take him out of any situation that might not go over well. His leash aggression didn't start until he was about four, but it's here now and I can't seem to break it. So when we see another dog approach, we cross the street. If we can't cross the street we move beside a car. Or into the alley. It's not a huge issue because there's always a lot of options.
There's options until the other dog owner takes them away. Which brings me to part two of this post.
Last week Harlow and I were minding our own business, having a jolly ass walk as we usually do, when I noticed a medium sized dog up ahead. We were on a busy street I couldn't cross and there was already another dog in the alley, so we waited. And then suddenly the dog from ahead came barreling our way. The owner had it on one of those extendable leashes (which don't get me started on those... in the city that's just not smart) Harlow and I literally had nowhere to turn and the owner was just smiling and shouted,
"It's okay! She's friendly. She just wants to say hi!"
Well what about my dog? Harlow is not friendly (on leash.) And now we're in a shitty situation because a dog we don't know "just wants to say hi."
And you can see this is also where I get pretty grumpy because it happens a lot.
I tried to keep my cool, but as the dog got closer and no attempt to stop it was being made I got a little snappy and said, "can you please get your dog back? Mine doesn't do well on leash." Then of course the owner got all pissy at the growly person (me) and the growly dog (Harlow) and made a half ass attempt to pull her dog back, but not before I had to quickly step between the two dogs.
I don't like being bitchy toward other dog owners. They're my people. But why is it so hard to understand that not all dogs "want to say hi?"
The other thing that happens quite a bit is people will actually step aside and wait for Harlow and I to get close to them. And if I can't cross the street for whatever reason I'll have to ask, "can we pass by you?" And they'll respond, "Oh we just want to say hi..."
Okay. But we don't.
And then me and Harlow are the grumpy duo as the other dog owner looks put off and begrudgingly walks away. But we don't want to be the grumpers!
The worst is when people say shitty things to me about it like, "I thought all Vizslas were friendly dogs?" .... I've had this one more than once from people in my neighborhood. That's like saying, "I thought all humans were friendly people?" Some of us are. Some of us aren't. And some of us just don't do good on leash.
If you're someone who has one of those happy go-lucky dogs who just wants to say hi to every other dog, I'm envious. I love that dog. But know that all of us aren't so lucky. We're not walking away because we don't like you, we're doing what's best for our dog.
And now to end with a photo of Harlow being "walked" by his toddler cousin, Timber, because this photo kills me.
Harlow's Guide To Chicago, as told by Harlow.
Have a great weekend, everyone! Give your pups the playtime they deserve.
37 comments:
I wish more people knew (and respected) the yellow ribbon project. Basically, people tie a yellow ribbon on their dog's leash if they are not people/dog friendly. (https://iheartdogs.com/do-you-know-what-a-yellow-ribbon-tied-on-a-dogs-collar-means/)ReplyDelete
However, when looking up this URL, I just read this: "American juries (urged on by plaintiff's attorneys) are using the yellow ribbon the same way they've been using the "Beware of Dog" signs for years: as an admission that the dog owner knows he has a dangerous dog. And your dog could pay with its life if it's labelled as a "known dangerous dog". The dog doesn't even have to bite anyone. In Texas and a number of other states, it's legal to shoot a dog if someone is "reasonably" afraid of it." (source: https://debmcalister.com/2014/01/05/dont-tie-a-yellow-ribbon-on-your-dogs-list/)
So. Catch 22. I wish people were just better.
From one animal lover to another - thanks for posting!
Oh my gosh YES. Thank you. My biggest fear when I walk my dogs (besides being abducted) is that we'll come across a friendly dog that's NOT ON A LEASH and "knows" to stay with their owner except when they trot over to say "hi" because they're friendly. That's wonderful. I'm happy for you. I have a friendly little guy, too. He's about 35 pounds (and ON A LEASH). BUT this 75 pound monster in my left hand is NOT FRIENDLY and that's why she's on a god damn leash and we stayed so far behind you on the sidewalk. JESUS CHRIST DOES YOUR DOG WANT TO DIE?ReplyDelete
And the dogs that are in yards without a fence or electrical fence or a tie? The ones that "know to stay in the yard" but still come hauling balls to the very edge barking their damn heads off. (And it's always the 5 pound squirrel dogs). So my dog obviously reacts because she thinks this mutant chipmunk is trying to attack us. And then the owner straight up voodoo glares at me. Um, YOUR DOG JUST CHARGED US.
Obviously I get worked up about this, too. I love my Lylee and she loves me (and she loves our 35lbs dog), but she doesn't love the bitchy neighbor's dog and she doesn't have to! I will NOT be the one responsible if she injures another dog. A) I couldn't stand it and B) my dog is the leashed one. Plus I always put myself between her and the other dogs.
(I love all dogs. Even the little squirrel dogs. Just not when they're running after us.)
I have this same issue. My Labrador, Emmett, was attacked by a dog a few months ago, and since then, his leash aggression has been terrible. Because he's a lab, everyone just ASSumes he's "happy go lucky", which he is, just not around big dogs. I just don't understand why fellow dog owners can respect your boundaries. Or, when they give you that condescending "oh you didn't raise your dog right, huh?" Look. The whole thing is obnoxious.ReplyDelete
I find that if it's a safe area, it's best to just drop the leash when another dog is insistent and usually the other owner will do the same. It's alleviates the tension. (Em was attacked off guard while on a leash)
I'm glad I'm not the only one with this issue.
Taylor our Vizsla Matilda is the same way. She's timid and totally submissive but yet feels "trapped" on a leash and will very frequently freak the f out when she feels threatened. And always if it's a German Shephard (do Hungarians and Germans have a history of hating each other? I should read up on that.) anyways I always feel like an asshole for crossing the street or avoiding the "hello" but I know Tilda won't like it. We have tried lots of training and I think her leash aggression is here to stay. Glad to hear she's not the only V that way.ReplyDelete
One of the reasons I'm glad to be out of Chicago. My dogs are sweet, but one barks because she gets super excited meeting other dogs and the other gets kind of hostile toward big dogs (only when I'm handling him, not when he's with my husband). Anyway, people think the two of them are psychos. I always try to avoid other dogs, but it's not always an option. I had a guy (across the street and two doors down) yell and scream profanities at me for several minutes because my dogs were barking at his (and it's sometimes hard for me two handle two 30 pound dogs by myself). Seriously, words that even I don't use and should NEVER be said to another human. Several people came up and asked if I was OK after witnessing the whole thing, which (of course) made me cry. I desperately avoided him after that and was so happy to move the next year. I still sometimes think about that guy and how glad I am that I'll never see him again. Your post is what I wish everyone would know!ReplyDelete
YES! My border collie is the sweetest, happiest girl, but she does NOT like meeting other dogs when she's on a leash. We live in an apartment complex with lots of dogs, and all dogs are supposed to be on a leash on apartment grounds. Well, you just know there are people who don't follow those rules, so we regularly have dogs who aren't on a leash (and who's owners are barely paying attention) running toward Leia. Then they don't understand why she isn't more friendly! We also have kids in the apartment complex who, whenever they see her, run toward her yelling, and sure enough she gets spooked. I've had to ask these kids to stop so many times!ReplyDeleteReplies
Yes!! I think this must be a herding dog thing - I have an Australian Shepherd who does the same thing. It's tough when the weather starts getting so nice and everybody is all out on the same sidewalk...Delete
My Aussie/pit mix is also the same - leash aggression with about 50% of the dogs we see, with no discernible commonalities. So it's hard to know who he will react negatively towards. We try to just step away from all oncoming dogs...but as others have noted, it's hard. And then I look like I have an a-hole dog. Woof.Delete
YES!!! As an owner of a bigger dog, I totally get this! I don't care if your dog is friendly, mine will flip out, it'll be overly dramatic, and just not very friendly. So we can take that route, or you could just listen when I ask you NICELY to NOT let your dog run towards me/mine.ReplyDelete
I have one of the "friendly" dogs. He is 130 pounds, 1 year old, and tall enough that he steals things out of my jacket pockets. He is a Rhodesian Ridgeback and is the sweetest thing in the entire world. He LOVES people and other dogs ( all animals really, hes obsessed with bunnies). He would never hurt a fly but he is massive and even though he doesn't run or jump to greet people, he is extremely intimidating looking just walking. I always feel like the ass for saying "he just wants to say hi!" because, hell, if I saw a ginormous dog staring at me I probably wouldn't want to say hi. So why would other people? He also goes with me literally everywhere I go so I always try to be the one to cross the street or get out of other peoples way. I live in a very dog friendly town and most people are super great. But others are huge jerks. Being a dog owner is pretty much the best thing ever and with all the great comes the responsibility to know your dog and to be respectful of other people and other dogs. You and Harlow have it down pretty dang well.ReplyDelete
The one time none of this applies is at the dog beach. We live in California on the coast in a small town with a designated off-leash dog beach. Nothing pisses me off more than when people show up at the beach and flip out when other dogs what to play with their dog but their dog doesn't like to play or doesn't like other dogs!!! UMM NO. That doesn't work there. Sorry sir. The beach full of 30 dogs and their owners happily playing is not going to leash and restrain all their dogs so your one can roam freely.
I have one of the "friendly" dogs. He is 130 pounds, 1 year old, and tall enough that he steals things out of my jacket pockets. He is a Rhodesian Ridgeback and is the sweetest thing in the entire world. He LOVES people and other dogs ( all animals really, hes obsessed with bunnies). He would never hurt a fly but he is massive and even though he doesn't run or jump to greet people, he is extremely intimidating looking just walking. I always feel like the ass for saying "he just wants to say hi!" because, hell, if I saw a ginormous dog staring at me I probably wouldn't want to say hi. So why would other people? He also goes with me literally everywhere I go so I always try to be the one to cross the street or get out of other peoples way. I live in a very dog friendly town and most people are super great. But others are huge jerks. Being a dog owner is pretty much the best thing ever and with all the great comes the responsibility to know your dog and to be respectful of other people and other dogs. You and Harlow have it down pretty dang well.ReplyDelete
The one time none of this applies is at the dog beach. We live in California on the coast in a small town with a designated off-leash dog beach. Nothing pisses me off more than when people show up at the beach and flip out when other dogs what to play with their dog but their dog doesn't like to play or doesn't like other dogs!!! UMM NO. That doesn't work there. Sorry sir. The beach full of 30 dogs and their owners happily playing is not going to leash and restrain all their dogs so your one can roam freely.
This is super helpful. I grew up with dogs who loved other dogs and this honestly didn't cross my mind since I've never personally had a bad experience. Of course it makes sense once you spell it out, but I wouldn't have thought about it on my own. We are thinking about getting a dog in the next year or so and this is good info to have. Some of this stuff is common sense- walk your dog on a proper leash in the city and back away if one of the dogs seems intimidated, scared, or aggressive; however, I probably would have let my dog say a quick hello walking down the street if you hadn't brought this to my attention. Thank you! I'm sorry you have to deal with this on a regular basis.ReplyDelete
I have one of those friendly dogs who wants to say hi to every dog on the street, even if that dog looks like it wants to rip her head off and play fetch with it. But I try to be congnizant of the fact that not everyone's dog is super friendly so I try to hang back or turn down a side street when I can, if the owner or dog seems agitated. Honestly, though, sometimes I hang back or turn down a side street because I want to enjoy my damn walk in peace and not have to make small talk with a stranger while our dogs say "hi" to each other haha.ReplyDelete
YES. My pup is super friendly and wants to talk to everyone, but I am very aware that not everyone wants my slobery, jumpy, hyper puppy all over them so anytime we are on a walk, we try to avoid people and dogs to respect other people. We'll let people pet her if they ask but I cannot stand when someone just comes barreling at her trying to pet. She wouldn't hurt a fly, but you never know what could spook a dog so I don't understand why people aren't more cognizant?ReplyDelete
Also, not sure if you've heard of the yellow dog project? We took Ellie to Zoom Room (it's a positive reinforcement training facility) and they have talked about it to us. It's for dogs that need a little extra space - whether on just on leash or all the time.
This SO hard. Couldn't have said it better myself. I hate retractable leashes in any setting. I'm constantly complaining about them to my husband. Offleash dogs are bad enough in a non-designated offleash area, but I honestly think retractable leashes are even worse, because people exhibit LESS control over their dogs because they're "on leash." Nope. They're on glorified flimsy pieces of string that snap and break and cause injury all the time. I used to work in animal health.ReplyDelete
My dog loves other dogs, but that doesn't mean I want every dog coming up to her when I just want to take her for an f-ing walk (on a proper leash). I just had a baby; this is my exercise, not social hour. Sure, you can ask if they can say hi, but you can't get offended if I say no, although I'm always the one who ends up feeling awkward. And don't even get me started on the ones who just LET their dogs approach. When Zoey was in training as a puppy, a great trainer said something that I'll never forget: "When I'm in public with my dog, I always assume that every dog is unfriendly and every owner is stupid."
Children are just as bad. I live at the end of a cul-de-sac in a neighborhood and I've stopped taking mine on walks if the kids are out. They have NO restraint and run up to my dog, even when she's barking and barking at them! "Wow your doggy is so loud!" Ummmm yes she is and she's trying to tell you to back the F away! Super sweet dog, but she is TERRIFIED of people, especially kids, so please - just back away!!ReplyDelete
So, could any of you offer some advice or input - Taylor or other dog mom's - I've lived in my house for 2 years. The ENTIRE time my dogs have to be on a leash when in the yard. My yard is fenced in - with a chain link fence. The problem lies in the neighbor dog. It lives outside 24/7. The minute it sees or hears me or my dogs it runs up to the fence barking and growling - no matter what time of day. Of course, my dogs retaliate and fight back. I got tired of pulling them away from the fence and started just putting them on a leash. I've called the police, who do nothing, saying that the dog is in a fenced in yard. Any ideas on how to get this dog to stfu OR get mine to ignore it so they can run around the yard? Or am I just shit out of luck?? (Sorry if it's bad to post this, but I'm desperate for help. I hate that my girls can't run around and have fun! :()Replies
YES on the children! My Toy Manchester was maybe 10 lbs and children always assumed he was a puppy. I'd pull him back while telling them that he bites, but did that stop them? Even when I told the parents that he bites they would say to their children, "be gentle". Did you not hear what I just said?? At that point I hoped he would bite them. And when he did, the parents would be super pissy with me. Jerks.Delete
Get a squirt bottle of water that has a stream not spray. When your dog goes to the fence and starts engaging, squirt of water to the face. This is also helpful with jumping or just dogs who bark at you for attention. It breaks their attention on whatever they're fixed on.Delete
Oh my goodness YES!! Cocoa is a wonderful and almost perfect dog, haha, but on leash she is very protective and some people do not get it. I am being a responsible dog owner and human because I know my dog. This happens all the time where people either come walking up wanting to pet her because she looks super innocent or they say their dog is friendly. Cocoa is not so please show some respect!! Also, Harlow is beautiful.ReplyDelete
Uh, SAME. My two dogs are both rescues and very timid, so they're not always friend off-leash either. But it drives me insane when people are like, "Oh he/she's friendly" or "just wants to say hi" etc. And then you try explaining to them that your dog is afraid and they just give you this puzzled look. I totally wish my dogs loved every single person and dog, but they just don't. Our apartment building says dogs must be leashed but this guy constantly lets his pug out without a leash and it SPRINTS toward my dogs. One time this happened and the guy was outside holding a big box, and my husband and I were just struggling to pull our dogs away and pick one of them up (she slips her harness sometimes) and he just stood there like an idiot, not putting the box down, letting his dog run wild. Drove me insane.ReplyDelete
I have a friendly dog that thinks that everybody wants to play with him and love on him, but I can't let myself trust other dogs because our dog has been bit by a few dogs who are uncomfortable around him. I always hold him back on a leash until we pass the other dogs, or if the owner says their dog is friendly. I just think that thought process, and yours, is what's best for everybody. You never know how dogs are going to react in certain situations.ReplyDelete
This post made me so relieved that I'm not the only one in this situation! I have 2 Lhasa Apsos and they are the same way as Harlow! Unless it's a dog behind a fence..then they haul ass because it might eat them..from behind the fence.ReplyDelete
Way back when we had a our dog Dot Dot she was not a friendly dog by any means couldn't take her for a walk she would attack other dogsReplyDelete
Great post. It would drive me nuts when we were in the beginnings of training my pup on the leash and socializing him when people would let their dogs come up to sniff him and say hi. "Oh, he loves puppies!" Yeah, well, this puppy is still timid around other dogs, do you mind not letting them barrel at him willy nilly? THANKS. He's become super confident with other dogs by now, but we still have issues with people who see the cute puppy and head straight to pet him without asking. Those are worse than other dogs now! They always wonder why Kirby backs away--maybe because he thinks your actions could be aggressive, dummy. Greet dogs slowly, and not before you ask! That's all.ReplyDelete
I have a dog who hates it when people put their hands in his face when they greet him. He is a rescue so I don't know why he doesn't like, and we went to a trainer and everything and pretty much the trainer said that is a very aggressive move in the dogs eyes. However, I constantly have people come up to me and say this is how I read the greet a dog, and I love dogs.They don't understand that even though I have dog in public that doesn't mean you can constantly touch my dog and shove you hand in their face. You wouldn't do that to a kid would you? I don't think so. People really need to understand that not every dog reacts the same way and you should respect the fact that isn't your dog.ReplyDelete
Like everyone else around these parts, I CONCUR, GIRLFRIEND. My rescued dog Einstein is 30 pounds and looks like a giant, friendly Yorkie. He's a dream dog around people (and dogs) that he knows and loves, but he has major leash aggression with new people/dogs. I've had the same exact "oh my dog's friendly!" shit happen to me. I simply reply "ok great, my dog isn't!" or I even say "sorry but my dog is kind of an asshole, please don't bring your dog near him." Another fave? When people go to pet him without asking me. Dog mom probs, am I right? Tell Harlow he is not alone. Perhaps we can all create a leash aggression support group for them & all our dogs can FaceTime & talk about their issues. Just kidding, but isn't that a visual.ReplyDelete
Ohhh gosh you would hate my dog!! He is Mr "must say hi to EVERYONE." My husband will always let him but I've learned my lesson. Not all dogs or humans want to say hi to a giant lab baby. He is a jumper too..so that's always fun to explain. "He likes to give hugs..." I am really glad you wrote this though, because I usually pull him away when I see another dog coming because it's just my instinct, but then I feel bad. Dogs are funny little things. It's like they need a sign around their neck describing their personality because they're all so different.ReplyDelete
Thank you Taylor. I am not a dog owner myself, and didn't really know any of that. Now I do. You've done a nice public service.ReplyDelete
These make it super clear & I personally find SO useful! www.friendlydogcollars.com.auReplyDelete
The picture of Harlow and his cousin is adorbs!ReplyDelete
Listen, I get it. I have two Bichons and I'm also a dog walker. I freaking cannot stand no matter what you say or shout to people, the whole "my dog just wants to say hi" or "he she is friendly", GREAT, but what about my freaking dog?
Twice in the last two months when I was out dog waking clients dogs, I had to put myself in between the dogs because I had one charging at us full tilt and despite repeated attempts to be reasonable, I had to yell my face off because PEOPLE DONT GET IT. Why is this such a hard thing to understand?! I find most dog people understanding but some are just complete ass hats with zero common sense.
Loved reading this. :)
I have two small dogs (chihuahua and chiweenie) and the chiweenie is the same way as Harlowe when he's on a leash. Everyone assumes that because he's small that means he's friendly and submissive. He's not. He came from a rescue and he's not at all welcoming to strange people or strange dogs. He does even worse when he's on a leash because he feels trapped. He's insecure. Everyone we see thinks it's ok to reach down, scuffle his ears, or let their big dog run up to say hi. I hate it. Don't assume that small dogs are toys!ReplyDelete
awww such a cute boy!!!ReplyDelete
Oh yes yes yes!!!!! This is such a freaking problem for me too. I have a small dog who is the very sweetest and wouldn't hurt a person, he would however bite another animal if he felt like it was coming at me on a walk or getting in our "space." People see him and automatically say "oh he's so cute" and let their dog approach us which means I have to pick Chino up and I always seem like I'm being super rude about it! A neighbor did this recently and actually let his animals off the leash to run toward us, chino became very defensive and def on the attack, the neighbor says "eh they are dogs, let them fight it out" WHAT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!ReplyDelete
I hate the "oh he just wants to say hi" thing! Great, but my dog doesn't have that personality and you interrupt our walk and stress me out by not understanding this! I've actually gotten to where I don't even care if I come off rude, it's so inconsiderate to not consider other people and animal behaviors when letting your dog run up to us or stopping so our animals can interact!
this post is right on the money. Just last week I was walking Kidd on a trail and saw a woman with two dogs approaching. Kidd is super sweet, but a total and complete spaz on a leash. I KNEW he'd freak out, so I walked the other way. No joke, that lady followed me. She went out of her way to follow me. Then she yells out to me that "it's okay, they are friendly". If I am ACTIVELY moving my dog away from yours, respect that please.ReplyDelete
The Midwest Darling
I just stumbled on this post and I have to say: THANK YOU. This made me feel such a sense of relief. I have very similar issues with my dog: most of the time he's friendly, but he has triggers and I can't always anticipate them. I opt to avoid interactions with other dogs when we're on our walks so I don't put him in a situation where he gets upset. Our dogs trust us to look out for them and stand up for them and other owners threaten this bond and trust when they decide for you that your dog is okay for their dog to meet. As much as I want everyone to see the sweet loving dog I know, it is not for me to decide who he loves back.ReplyDelete
Thank you again for your honest post!
Did you know you can create short links with AdFly and receive cash for every visitor to your short links.ReplyDelete
Very rare to find such a marvelous blog, I feel lucky reading this.cheap dog harnessReplyDelete


text:
Friday, July 26, 2013
Project XIII for Windows 8 Phone is Released and Now in Microsoft App Stores for Download
6 comments:
- AnonymousJuly 26, 2013 at 6:12 PM
Wish there was an open source version available so that no Micro$oft/Apple NSA backdoors could be verified. Sadly, no version for Linux users either. :(ReplyDeleteReplies
That will be a few months coming yet. He does have plans for that, but I wouldn't expect to see it until 6 months or more from now.Delete
Yes your are wright and thanks for post a good topic . your post isDelete
top most in realated post of Project XIII for Windows 8 Phone is Released and Now in Microsoft App Stores for Download
- AnonymousJuly 28, 2013 at 4:37 AM
wow! now it's online! thanks!ReplyDelete
i'vd download it and i enter my data.
but if i say: login, i get the answer:
"it looks like your internet connection is down. the system needs the local connection to be up to complete this step"
but: i can go into the internet… i'm online…
i'vd installed project xiii once more… but it's always the same.
do anyone know, what can i do?
(i had no key, that i could give in... do i need it?
thanks so much :-)Replies
There was a bug in the cell only use of Project XIII, That has been fixed.Delete
- AnonymousJuly 29, 2013 at 2:00 PM
It would be good if this was on the P13 website already!ReplyDelete


text:
MFs sit on huge cash pile
MUMBAI: Mutual funds (MFs) are sitting on a huge cash pile of Rs 22,908 crore, which is well placed to maintain buying interest and propel the sagging market forward, a report said.
"The total cash with MFs, including cash mobilised through the recently launched NFOs to the tune of Rs 6,266 crore, stands at a healthy Rs 22,908 crore. Flush with cash, MFs are well placed to maintain buying interest and propel the market forward," Ms Mallika Baheti, Research Analyst, Sharekhan said in a research report here.
The absolute cash levels for all existing equity funds rose by 17.4 per cent to Rs 16,642 crore in February 2008 from Rs 14,176 crore in January 2008. Even the cash as a percentage of the total corpus increased to 8.7 per cent in January 2008 from 7.6 pe r cent in December 2007.
Rising cash levels indicate the cautious outlook of fund managers in the wake of concerns of a global slowdown and consequent dip in foreign inflows into emerging markets such as India, Ms Baheti said.
The cash level for all funds more than three months old also showed a similar trend, rising to 8.2 per cent of the total corpus in February 2008 (from 7.6 per cent of the total corpus in December 2007).
This once again reflects the cautious stance adopted by MFs. The equity fund flow analysis showed that after witnessing record inflows in January, net inflows into equity MFs more than halved to Rs 6,903 crore in February as compared to Rs 14,070 crore r ecorded in January. - PTI


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 16, 1995
|Filing date
|Sep 10, 1993
|Priority date
|Sep 10, 1993
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Larry L. Byers, Fernando W. Arraut, Dale K. Seppa
|Original Assignee
|Unisys Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (25), Referenced by (14), Classifications (5), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to bistable multivibrators as used in logic design, and more particularly to a master/slave flip-flop.
2. Description of the Prior Art
The use of multivibrators in logic design is well known to those of reasonable skill in the art, as is the more specific use of a master/slave flip-flop. This form of macro has been used virtually throughout the field of logic systems and has been used successfully as a versatile design tool for many logic purposes.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,164,612, to Kaplinsky which describes a master/slave flip-flop which is altered to selectively become transparent to the data signal. This purpose is accomplished by the addition of a new driver stage within the flip-flop, or by the addition of multiplexers to provide, for example, the necessary "latch" or "unlatch" signals to the master/slave flip-flop.
A plurality of flip-flops (memory cells) that are programmed by a user to create the desired architecture for the device in use is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,940,909, to Mulder, et al. A plurality of shift registers are connected to the flip-flops for storage of the programming signal so that it is not destroyed during testing of various architectural configurations.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,616,338, to Helen, et al, in which a FIFO type temporary storage system utilizes registers which may comprise a plurality of transparent data type flip-flops for the storage and adds further handling logic for controlling the register flip-flops. Data type flip-flops may be rendered transparent by holding the clock to a high state. However, such flip=flops are not useful for applications which cannot tolerate the relatively lengthly metastable state.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,095,454, to Huang, in which a system for verifying timing during path tracing through digital circuitry uses flip-flops as the path end points, which flip-flops may be of a transparent latch-based design. This design utilizes the clock signal as the transparency input to the flip-flop, and when the block is not present the macro reverts to latching;
A phase-selectable flip-flop has an input transparent latch which makes the output flip-flop switch from transparency to latching depending on the phase of the clock signal in U.S. Pat. No. 5,004,933, to Widener.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,155,382, to Madden, et al, in which a master/slave flip-flop is connected to the clock signal in a manner intended to prevent a race-through condition.
Though data type flip-flops may be rendered transparent using only the clock signal, such devices are not useful for many data latching functions. However, because of the added complexity of master-slave flip-flops, programmable transparency is not easily accomplished for the enhanced testing advantages it offers. As can be seen, the prior art devices tend to add great complexity to the system, thus exacerbating rather than improving reliability and maintainability.
The present invention overcomes the disadvantages found in the prior art by providing a single enable line to provide signal transparency to a master/slave flip-flop. When the line is enabled the flip-flop macro is transparent and when the line is disabled the macro returns to the latching state as in a conventional bistable multivibrator. Thus the need for additional circuitry is obviated. In the preferred embodiment of this invention, input data flows through the flip-flop circuit without manipulation or change when the transparency line is active, unless the scan signal is also active, in which case the flip-flop again returns to conventional operation and the incoming data is latched or clocked through the system.
The transparent flip-flop of this invention provides a useful technique for accessing board level information as may be required for system content validation ("probe") initialization and maintenance. It can also be used to separate large logic partitions of combinational logic into smaller, more manageable partitions, for example in automatic test vector generation tools. It is further useful to read embedded random access memory (RAM) when a latching function is required. The board level information can be used to parameterize the internal logic of the device. When the flip-flop of this invention is in the transparent mode the board level information is fed directly through the flip-flop to the internal logic it is to control.
As there is no need for complex multiplexing circuitry to provide the transparency function needed to perform the above described or other uses of the apparatus of this invention, there is a distinct savings of hardware as well as a significantly faster design when compared to a design using multiplexers. Further, the transparent flip-flop of this invention eliminates the need for functional clocking at the described level of logic.
Other objects of the present invention and many of the attendant advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the figures thereof and wherein:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the logic circuitry of the flip-flop of this invention; and,
FIG. 2 is a truth table depicting the logical sequences of operation of the flip-flop macro of this invention.
FIG. 1 is a logic block diagram of a preferred embodiment of this invention. A pair of bistable multivibrators or flip-flops, 52 and 53, are connected as a master/slave pair, with flip-flop 52 being the master to slave flip-flop 53. Each of flip-flops 52 and 53 is shown as having a clear (CLR) input, a set (SET) input, a clock (CP) input and a data (D) input. In addition, master flip-flop 52 is shown with a master true output (MQ), and slave flip-flop 53 is shown with a slave true output (SQ) and a slave false output (SQB). Output MQ of flip-flop 52 is connected to input D of flip-flop 53.
As shown, the transparent flip-flop circuit of this invention has nine input lines 21-29, and three output lines 62-64. The nine inputs include a clear input (CLR) on line 29, which when active (high), sets the master/slave flip-flops 52 and 53 to the zero or false state. The preset input (PSET) on line 23 when high sets master slave flip-flops 52 and 53 to the one or true state. A transparent enable input (TEN) on line 27 prevents the master/slave flip-flop 52 and 53 from storing states thus rendering the master/slave pair transparent to data input in a manner more fully described below. The scan data input (SDI) signal on line 21 provides opportunity to read the state of the circuit. A scan select input (SCAN) signal on line 22 blocks the TEN input at 27 from reaching the master/slave flip-flop 52-53 enabling the flip-flop to return to the store state. The functional data in input (D) signal on line 26 is the actual one bit data input. The function-scan clock input (CP) signal on line 28 is used both functionally and for scanning. A first function enable input (EN1) signal on line 24 and a second function enable input (EN2) signal on line 25, which when both are active (high), cause the master/slave pair 52-53 to store the state of the input data on line 26 in response to a clock pulse on line 28. When either of input lines 24 or 25 is inactive (low) and the master/slave pair 52-53 is clocked from input 28, the previous stored state of flip-flop 52-53 will be held.
Output line 62 of FIG. 1 provides the scanned data output. Output line 63 provides a slave true output (Q), and output line 64 provides the slave false state (QB). Line 62 is connected to the output of a driver 56, line 63 is connected to the output of a driver 57, and line 64 is connected to the output of a driver 58.
Referring further to FIG. 1, there are shown a plurality of AND gates 31, 32, 41, 42, 43 and 46, a NAND gate 45, an OR gate 50, a NOR gate 48 and a plurality of invertors 34, 36 and 47. SDI input line 21 is connected to one of two inputs to AND gate 31. The other input of gate 31 is connected to SCAN input line 22. The output of gate 31 is connected to one of four inputs to OR gate 50.
Line 22 is also connected to the input of invertor 34. The output of invertor 34 is connected to one of three inputs on each of AND gates 41, 42 and 43, and is also connected to one of two inputs on NAND gate 45.
PSET input line 23 is connected directly to the SET inputs on each of flip-flops 52 and 53. CLR input line 29 is connected directly to the CLR inputs on each of flip-flops 52 and 53. CP input line 28 is connected to the other input of gate 46. TEN input line 27 is connected to a second input of gate 42 and to the other input of NAND gate 45. The output of gate 45 is connected to one of two inputs to AND gate 46, and through invertor 47 to one of two inputs to NOR gate 48. The output of gate 46 is connected to the CP (clock) input of flip-flop 52, and to the other input of NOR gate 48. The output of gate 48 is connected to the CP input of flip-flop 53.
D input line 26 is connected to a second input of AND gate 41 and to the other input of AND gate 42. The output of gate 42 is connected to a second input of OR gate 50. EN1 input line 24 is connected to one of two inputs on AND gate 32. EN2 input line 25 is connected to the other input of gate 32. The output of gate 32 is connected to the other input of AND gate 41, and is also connected through invertor 36 to a second input of AND gate 43. The output of gate 41 is connected to a third input of OR gate 50. Slave true output SQ of flip-flop 53 is connected to the other input of gate 43. The output of gate 43 is connected to the other input of OR gate 50.
The output of or gate 50 is connected to the data (D) input of flip-flop 52. The master true (MQ) output of flip-flop 52 is connected to the D input of slave flip-flop 53. The slave true output (SQ) is further connected to the input of each of drivers 56 and 57. The slave false output (SQB) is connected to the input of driver 58. Driver 56 may be, for example, a four fan-out expansion driver, while drivers 57 and 58 may be, for example, twelve fan-out expansion drivers.
FIG. 2 is a truth table for the circuit of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. It can be seen that the table defines the outputs produced by the transparent flip-flop of this invention. LTH means low-to-high transition, MQ is the state of the internal master latch of the logic macro, i.e. the state of flip-flop 52, and SQ', MQ' and SQB' are previous states of Q, MQ, and QB.
The table of FIG. 2 provides the necessary information to determine the output of the logic macro (SDO) on output line 62 in accordance with any one of a variety of signal combinations appear at input lines 21-29. In a first example, if CLR input line 29 is made active (high) while all other inputs are low, flip-flops 52 and 53 will be cleared and the SDO output at output line 62 will be low, the Q output at line 63 will also be low and it follows that the QB output on line 64 will be high. If the PSET input line 23 is the only active input, the master/slave flip-flops 52 and 53 will be set and the SDO output at output line 62 as well as the Q output at line 63 will be high, while the QB output on line 64 will be low. This result is clear from the truth table of FIG. 2 and can be seen as well by reviewing the diagram of FIG. 1 where it is readily apparent that CLR input line 29 is directly connected to clear flip-flops 52 and 53, and PSET input line 23 is directly connected to set flip-flops 52 and 53.
Another example of what can be read from the table of FIG. 2 involves the transparency feature of this invention. When the signal at TEN input line 27 is high and the signal at SCAN input input line 22 is low, the table reveals that data appearing at D input line 26 will be passed directly through to SDO output line 62. The hardware to accomplish this result is found in FIG. 1. When line 27 is high and line 22 is low, the signal from line 22 will pass through invertor 34 to enable its input to AND gate 42. Thus as a data signal appears at input line 26, it will be free to pass through gate 42 and thence through OR gate 50 to the D inputs, in turn, of master/slave flip-flops 52 and 53. The signal finally appears unchanged at SDO output line 62. Note that the signal from TEN input line 27 will also disable NAND gate 45. This means that the output of gate 45 will be low thus disabling AND gate 46 to prevent any clock signals from CP input line 28 from reaching the CP input on master flip-flop 52. The output of gate 45 will also pass through invertor 47 to present a high signal to NOR gate 48, thus preventing any clock pulses from reaching the CP input of slave flip-flop 53.
Yet another reading to be taken from the table of FIG. 2 is that when both of input lines 24 and 25 (EN1 and EN2) are high and a clock signal appears on CP input line 28, data appearing at D input line 26 will be stored in the flip-flop circuitry of this invention. Conversely, if either of EN1 or EN2 input lines 24 and 25 is low and a clock signal appears at line 28, then previous data is "held" by the pair of flip-flops 52 and 53.
The above set of examples are indicative of how the truth table of FIG. 2 can be used to read the operation of the apparatus of this invention as shown in the logic block diagram of FIG. 1. As a last example, assume that both SDI input line 21 and SCAN input line 22 are active (high). This will enable gate 31 to in turn enable OR gate 50 and pass the SDI signal to the D input of master flip-flop 52. However, the transparency feature will not be invoked because the signal at input lines 22 and 27 will enable NAND gate 45 which will in turn enable one input to AND gate 46 so that clock pulses appearing on line 28 will be passed to the CP input of flip-flops 52 and 53 thus causing the master/slave pair to act as a normal latching flip-flop when receiving scan data input.
Having thus described the preferred embodiments of the present invention, those of skill in the art will readily appreciate the other useful embodiments within the scope of the claims hereto attached.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 24, 1981
|Jan 3, 1984
|Nippon Electric Co., Ltd.
|Logic circuit with a test capability
|Jan 25, 1983
|Jan 22, 1985
|Storage Technology Partners
|CMOS scannable latch
|Nov 15, 1983
|Oct 7, 1986
|Andre Helen
|FIFO arrangement for temporary data storage
|Mar 28, 1985
|Jul 21, 1987
|Kluth Daniel J
|Test system providing testing sites for logic circuits
|Jun 3, 1985
|Aug 25, 1987
|Nec Corporation
|Master-slave type flip-flop circuits
|Apr 10, 1986
|Oct 6, 1987
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Shift register latch arrangement for enhanced testability in differential cascode voltage switch circuit
|May 5, 1988
|Sep 5, 1989
|Altera Corporation
|Multifunction flip-flop-type circuit
|May 5, 1988
|Oct 3, 1989
|Altera Corporation
|Programmable logic device with array blocks connected via programmable interconnect
|May 5, 1988
|Feb 20, 1990
|Altera Corporation
|Programmable logic device with programmable word line connections
|May 12, 1989
|Jul 10, 1990
|Plus Logic, Inc.
|Configuration control circuit for programmable logic devices
|Jul 20, 1988
|Dec 4, 1990
|National Semiconductor Corporation
|Scannable register/latch circuit
|Dec 19, 1989
|Mar 26, 1991
|Bull Hn Information Systems Inc.
|Edge triggered D-type flip-flop scan latch cell with recirculation capability
|Sep 18, 1987
|Apr 2, 1991
|Tektronix, Inc.
|Phase-selectable flip-flop
|Dec 1, 1989
|May 14, 1991
|Motorola, Inc.
|Toggle-free scan flip-flop
|May 25, 1989
|Mar 10, 1992
|Gateway Design Automation Corporation
|Method and apparatus for verifying timing during simulation of digital circuits
|Nov 5, 1990
|Jul 14, 1992
|Vertex Semiconductor Corporation
|Scannable latch system and method
|Mar 7, 1991
|Aug 18, 1992
|Advantest Corporation
|Sequential logic circuit device
|Oct 10, 1991
|Sep 15, 1992
|Intel Corporation
|Recirculating transparent latch employing a multiplexing circuit
|Feb 7, 1992
|Oct 13, 1992
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Two-stage CMOS latch with single-wire clock
|Nov 7, 1990
|Nov 10, 1992
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Semiconductor integrated circuit with master and slave latches
|Apr 16, 1992
|Nov 17, 1992
|Kaplinsky Cecil H
|Programmable CMOS flip-flop emptying multiplexers
|Jun 10, 1991
|Dec 22, 1992
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Flip-flop with scan path
|Apr 19, 1991
|Dec 29, 1992
|Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba
|Multifunctional scan flip-flop
|Feb 4, 1992
|Feb 23, 1993
|Nec Corp.
|High-speed flip flop circuit with master latching circuit free from influence of slave latching circuit
|Apr 16, 1992
|Aug 3, 1993
|Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
|Timer input control circuit and counter control circuit
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Aug 12, 1996
|Jul 13, 1999
|Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.
|Performance analysis including half-path joining
|Nov 20, 1998
|Jan 30, 2001
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Interlocked pipelined CMOS
|Dec 22, 1998
|Jul 24, 2001
|Lsi Logic Corporation
|Controllable latch/register circuit
|Dec 5, 2001
|Jun 3, 2003
|Integrated Device Technology, Inc.
|Integrated circuit flip-flops that utilize master and slave latched sense amplifiers
|Oct 30, 2001
|Mar 2, 2004
|Integrated Device Technology, Inc.
|Multi-phase clock generators that utilize differential signals to achieve reduced setup and hold times
|Oct 14, 2003
|May 9, 2006
|Viciciv Technology
|Configurable storage device
|Mar 2, 2006
|Nov 20, 2007
|Viciciv Technology
|Configurable storage device
|Mar 8, 2000
|May 27, 2008
|Iroc Technologies
|Logic circuit protected against transient disturbances
|Jun 19, 2007
|Jul 21, 2009
|Iroc Technologies
|Logic circuit protected against transitory perturbations
|Aug 23, 2013
|Nov 17, 2015
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Reconfigurable memory interface circuit to support a built-in memory scan chain
|Oct 14, 2003
|Apr 29, 2004
|Madurawe Raminda Udaya
|Configurable storage device
|Mar 2, 2006
|Jul 6, 2006
|Madurawe Raminda U
|Configurable storage device
|Jun 19, 2007
|Oct 25, 2007
|Iroc Technologies
|Logic circuit protected against transitory perturbations
|Aug 21, 2014
|Feb 26, 2015
|Qualcomm Incorporated
|Reconfigurable memory interface circuit to support a built-in memory scan chain
|U.S. Classification
|327/202, 327/219
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Sep 10, 1993
Owner name: UNISYS CORPORATION, PENNSYLVANIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:BYERS, LARRY L.;ARRAUT, FERNANDO W.;REEL/FRAME:006701/0804;SIGNING DATES FROM 19930831 TO 19930907
|Nov 9, 1993
Owner name: UNISYS CORPORATION, PENNSYLVANIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SEPPA, DALE K.;REEL/FRAME:006757/0705
Effective date: 19931026
|Dec 8, 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|May 16, 1999
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Jul 13, 1999
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19990516


text:
BioFuelNet Canada – made possible by federal NCE program – will bring together industry and academics to research and develop biofuels of the future
The partnership between ÉTS and McGill receives generous support from the governments of Québec, Canada and the City of Montreal
Prof. Ehab Abouheif, Dept. of Biology and a research team investigated which genes were being expressed during the development of antennae in male water striders. The antennae are used to grasp the females during mating. They then modified gene expression to see how this would be expressed in antennae development and success in mating. By doing so they were able to watch evolution in action.
McGill University is building on longstanding research collaborations with Brazil by announcing four partnership agreements with Brazilian universities. These agreements are being signed this week by Prof. Heather Munroe-Blum, Principal and Vice-Chancellor of McGill University.
A new study by Carsten Wrosch of Concordia University and Catherine Sabiston of McGill's Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education found that breast cancer survivors who were able to let go of old exercise goals and set new ones increased their level of physical activity and showed an improved well-being overall.
McGill team develops new technology that can accurately measure protein biomarkers
The McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre is pleased to announce that they have been awarded funding totalling $7.6 million over a two-year period from Genome Canada's 2010 Competition. This award, a record for Québec, will fund the operations of the Innovation Centre as well as the services offered to scientific communities in Québec, the rest of Canada and around the world.
A current controversy raging in evolutionary biology is about whether adaptation to new environments is the result of many genes, each of relatively small effect, or just a few genes of large effect. A new study published in Molecular Ecology by McGill biologist Andrew Hendry and a colleague from Basel University strongly supports the first "many-small" hypothesis.
The Lady Davis Institute (LDI) and McGill University are delighted to announce that Dr. Mark A. Wainberg has been awarded the 2012 Killam Prize in Health Sciences by the Canada Council for the Arts. He is the past Director of the LDI and is currently head of its HIV/AIDS research axis and Director of the McGill AIDS Centre.


text:
Religious Freedoms are worse in China and Afghanistan
US: Religious persecution up in Afghanistan, China
Officials Evacuate Residents as Typhoon Approaches
Thousands of residents in the country's northeast are evacuated
Fierce Storms Claim Lives in Midwest
At least 13 people are dead after fierce storms that tore through the Midwest overnight.
Taliban Claims Responsibility to Bombing
The Taliban says the blast was to avenge the death of Osama bin Laden
< Phillipines Flooding
Aug 19, 2013 10:11
Category: General News
Category: General News
Japan Volcano
If you lived in Eastern Washington when Mt. St. Helen erupted in 1980 then you have an idea of who things look in Kagoshima Japan today. A volcano erupted near there yesterday which darkened the sky as ash fell like snow on the city, leaving the city coated with a layer of ash.


text: I need assistance from the pros on this one: when you purchase a tennis racket from another individual, what do you or can you look for to tell if the racket is a fake? Some time ago, I bought two Yonex RDX 500's from Tennis Warehouse. Unfortunately, I eventually cracked the frame on one of them when the racket slipped out of my hand while serving. I went on for some time with just the remaining one racket, but eventually decided to purchase a second one about two years ago from another individual. I would have purchased another from Tennis Warehouse, but I believe they had already discontinued the racket by that time. Unfortunately, I never really had the chance to play with my newly purchased RDX 500 racket that much until just recently. I've noticed the racket seems slightly lighter, and the feel of the racket just feels different when compared to my other RDX 500, the one which I know is real which was purchased from Tennis Warehouse. The serial numbers have been engraved, and looking at the rackets everything looks virtually identical. I haven't weighed the rackets, but just holding them in my hands, it feels lighter, and hitting with them, they feel different even when strung with the same string at same tension. I'm positive this is a fake - and I have to say, this is one very convincing fake. Pictures will come, but in the meantime, thoughts?