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[noun im-pluh-muh nt; verb im-pluh-ment, -muh nt] /noun ˈɪm plə mənt; verb ˈɪm pləˌmɛnt, -mənt/
any article used in some activity, especially an instrument, tool, or utensil:
agricultural implements.
an article of equipment, as household furniture, clothing, ecclesiastical vestments, or the like.
a means; agent:
human beings as an implement of divine plan.
verb (used with object)
to fulfill; perform; carry out:
Once in office, he failed to implement his campaign promises.
to put into effect according to or by means of a definite plan or procedure.
to fill out or supplement.
to provide with implements.
noun (ˈɪmplɪmənt)
a piece of equipment; tool or utensil: gardening implements
something used to achieve a purpose; agent
verb (transitive) (ˈɪmplɪˌmɛnt)
to carry out; put into action; perform: to implement a plan
(archaic) to complete, satisfy, or fulfil
mid-15c., from Late Latin implementem "a filling up" (as with provisions), from Latin implere "to fill," from assimilated form of in- "into, in, on, upon" (see in- (2)) + plere "to fill" (see pleio-). Sense of "tool" is 1530s, from notion of things provided to do work, that which "fills up" or "completes" a household (c.1500).
1806, originally chiefly in Scottish, where the noun was a legal term meaning "fulfillment," from implement (n.). It led to the wretched formation implementation, first recorded 1913. Related: Implemented.
Tagged: n
Read Also:
- Nonimportation
[non-im-pawr-tey-shuh n, -pohr-] /ˌnɒn ɪm pɔrˈteɪ ʃən, -poʊr-/ noun 1. failure or refusal to import.
- Non-improvement
[im-proov-muh nt] /ɪmˈpruv mənt/ noun 1. an act of or the state of being . 2. a change or addition by which a thing is . 3. a person or thing that represents an advance on another in excellence or achievement: The new landlord is a great improvement over his greedy predecessor. 4. a bringing […]
- Non-imputable
[im-pyoot] /ɪmˈpyut/ verb (used with object), imputed, imputing. 1. to attribute or ascribe: The children imputed magical powers to the old woman. 2. to attribute or ascribe (something discreditable), as to a person. 3. Law. to ascribe to or charge (a person) with an act or quality because of the conduct of another over whom […]
- Non-incentive
[in-sen-tiv] /ɪnˈsɛn tɪv/ noun 1. something that incites or tends to incite to action or greater effort, as a reward offered for increased productivity. adjective 2. inciting, as to action; stimulating; provocative. /ɪnˈsɛntɪv/ noun 1. a motivating influence; stimulus 2. adjective 3. serving to incite to action n. early 15c., from Late Latin incentivum, noun […]


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My Nonprofit Reviews
Review for Greater Houston Area Health Education Center Inc, Houston, TX, USA
Greater Houston Area Health Education Center is a great resource that many out in the community do not even know exists. I know this because I was one of them. I'm glad to have had the opportunity to work and interact with staff at this office. I feel that they are genuine and that they care about the service that they provide. Staff are willing to work above and beyond. I strongly support their hard work and dedication.
More Feedback
I've personally experienced the results of this organization in...
Staff are willing to work above and beyond, when necessary. They are dedicated to the service that they provide.
If I had to make changes to this organization, I would...
I would clone the present staff and provide more funding to keep this agency running and provide more funding to provide pay raises to tenured GHAHEC staff. The majority of the staff have been working for 10+ years and are very knowledgeable and dedicated in the work that they provide. GHAHEC would lose valuable employees should they decide to work somewhere else due to economic reasons.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
By Anonymous - / Sunday 10 January 2016 13:17 / United States - Waldorf
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Top comments
By taylorbrown97 | 23
Is that something you can file a noise complaint against? If so, I'd highly recommend it
By stingray112 | 24
Sounds like you and NyQuil will become great friends. Also might wanna sleep while listening to soft music or something
By taylorbrown97 | 23
Is that something you can file a noise complaint against? If so, I'd highly recommend it
ModernaParker | 5
You can't just make ignorant complaints about that. If someone would have complained when my son had to cry it out, I would have lost my shit.
smokecloud_ | 37
Sorry, but YOU chose to have babies. I'm choosing not to because I don't want to deal with that stuff. Once in a while is understandable, because I understand that babies cry. But the FML makes it sound like a constant occurance, because we know the "Today" part rarely means "today".
cupcakebruh | 21
At one of the places my mom and I lived at (we moved a lot) we were on the top floor, and we got a noise complaint from the girl that lived below us. She said that she was trying to finish up her senior year of college, and that the kids running and jumping around, and all the crying and yelling, was getting too loud. I would completely understand that, if it weren't for the fact that the kids didn't live with us, and they were only over once or twice a month. After that my mom would have a panic attack anytime my nephew would cry, or my neice would jump off the couch, out of fear that we would be kicked out..
mrsmikelowrey | 15
There's a difference between a baby who can't stop crying when you try to pacify them and the Ferber method.
thatsLEGENDARY | 15
I completely agree with these parents who understand. If a baby cries then it cries and that's it. Are you sure OP is not exaggerating a little. Look parents understand lack of sleep and sure fyl but you still can't force someone out because their child cries neither are you the parent so you should not make the decision about what's best for them. It just sucks because you are sleep deprived and not of your own choosing. We understand and yes it sucks but making a complaint against a child who will eventually (hopefully) grow out of it is BS.
nix1993 | 37
It's not fair to force someone out no, but at the same time OP lived there first, and it's not fair on any level that their life should be completely disrupted because of the way someone else chooses to raise their child. Nobody should be made to feel unhappy in their own home and if that means the neighbours soundproofing the floor then so be it. People need to understand that they aren't more important than everyone else just because they have a baby.
Distantsoul | 8
You clearly have never heard of colic
chinaski7628 | 32
I had a similar situation a few years ago. My upstairs neighbors had a newborn. Initially, I was very sympathetic and understanding (though also annoyed). The worst part about it was that they would constantly write notes and slide them under my door asking *me* to keep my noise levels down during the day so that I didn't wake their baby (I'm single, live alone, and fairly quiet). They once knocked on my door and complained because my cat meowed too loud and woke up their baby. While I (and most people) am sympathetic to the plight of people with infants, parents should also understand that the people around them have lives and responsibilities as well. Yes, babies will cry and sometimes you're just not going to be able to quiet them. However, if you live in an apartment complex, or a close community, you need to understand you're not the only one affected by your child's crying. Try to insulate/sound proof your apartment as best you can. Buy your neighbors ear plugs or do something nice for them. Move to a more suitable home. Be polite and patient with your neighbors. You're inconveniencing them, not the other way around. Find a reasonable solution. It's not acceptable to expect your neighbors to put their lives on hold for a year or so. It takes a village, but the villagers do need to sleep occasionally.
By stingray112 | 24
Sounds like you and NyQuil will become great friends. Also might wanna sleep while listening to soft music or something
shessohighh | 10
Yea soft music or get a loud fan/sound machine to drown out the crying. That's what I did when I had loud neighbors.
extremereviews | 26
Yeah, slip some NyQuil in the baby's bottle and she'll sleep like a rock
By InnocenceBlue | 28
Damn OP that sucks. I suggest you do what I do and buy some good quality ear plugs. I have a noisy family and it's the only way I can get to sleep. Good luck.
HarshD9619 | 31
That's a valid point but what if OP needs to wake up early each day and requires an alarm clock? Then he's just fucked
Rawrshi | 25
They make alarm clocks that vibrate. Or using your phone alarm with vibrations. You may hear it enough to wake you up if it's familar or the vibrations will wake you. I'm a very light sleeper though, so maybe OP isn't and vibrations wouldn't work. Still a good thing to try though.
catherinecas | 30
They make alarms with flashy lights too.
Brandi_Faith | 33
I completely agree with buying a really good pair of earplugs. You'd be surprised at how good some are. I have chronic health issues and have to sleep during the day & my mom runs a daycare downstairs; earplugs are the only way I can sleep.
By StormfrontX33_fml | 24
Noise canceling headphones work wonders. Either way, if they don't resolve it soon, I'm sure there are some ordinances in place that prevent continuous disturbing of the peace. Especially, when it can be resolved instead of neglected.
By ciaraash | 15
Comment moderated or buried due to negative votes. Show the comment
Babies cry. Suck it up. You were one once too.
SteffiTheSmile | 25
This wouldn't help OP sleep.
ManUtdFan743 | 21
I wonder if you'd say the same thing if you constantly couldn't sleep because of the screeching and unpleasant sounds that is a baby's cry.
ciaraash | 15
Comment moderated or buried due to negative votes. Show the comment
Just had a new baby myself! Unfortunately they do cry sometimes!
cloudyface | 23
It's not his responsibility to learn to sleep through someone else's baby constantly crying he's not responsible for anyone else's kid nor should anyone's baby be disturbing him in his own home.
crims0nangel | 16
I have two and have never left them in a room to scream all hours of the night.
Matayaz | 16
They don't cry very often if you know how to be a good parent.
WhatHappenedToIt | 22
Comment moderated or buried due to negative votes. Show the comment
picking up your child every time they make a peep does not make a good parent. my daughter is 3 months and we are currently also trying to teach her to self soothe herself which does require her to cry a bit more than we would if she was younger.
FarmerGirl420 | 11
That's what happens when you live in an apartment. #24
leahscool | 10
I picked up my baby every time she cried and she actually cried a lot less as a result and turned out to be a very independent child. 3 months is just way too young to let a baby cry it out. You cannot spoil a baby that young. Babies cry because it's the only way they can communicate with you, not because they're spoiled. That baby just spent 9 months in your belly and he/she misses you and wants to be held by you. Yes, there are times you NEED to put the baby down, but if you're not doing anything anyways, why make your baby suffer?
bandaidstations | 28
Didn't they prove that the CIO method creates trust and anxiety issues? And that comforting a crying infant should be done because they need the human contact. I learned about this in college but it's been a few years. Also, there's a difference between a real cry and crying just for attention because they've learned it brings you to them. My sister had people call the police with noise complaints when my nephew was teething. They ended up calling protective services because the neighbors exaggerated and so she got investigated. It was very stressfull. Sorry you have to deal with this OP. Maybe ask them if they could move the crib or something?
By awildwhisper | 28
I hear zombies are finally getting the governmental recognition they deserve, great health insurance :)
iChompYa | 16
I take it that you aren't a parent then, I have 8 month old that cries for everything regardless of whether he's full or not and sometimes I letave him to cry for him to Realize it's not necessary to ball your eyes out for everything
expertsmilee | 26
That has nothing to do with this comment. Also, why the hell do you randomly capitalize Letters in your sentence?
By wrongmove | 11
Report them to children's services or whatever its called where you live. "Letting them cry it out" is a seriously cruel and despicable "method" to deal with babies. The only thing it teaches is that no-one cares about baby. In my opinion these parents do not need children in their lives.
smallandroid | 26
Seriously. Babies tend to cry for a reason. They aren't capable of using words to voice their problems. What if something seriously happened to it and these parents just decided to ignore it and let it cry?
teentee401 | 36
Cruel might be a stretch and calling CPS may be a bit much. What I don't understand is how OP knows that the neighbors are ignoring it. Sometimes babies just have to cry themselves out and there is nothing the parents can do about it. They may be doing all they can.
pharm121 | 21
Seriously?! That's BS! There's no shame in letting a child cry when you know that the infant isn't in any harm, has been fed, isn't cold/hot etc, sometimes infants just cry when being put down for attention. And running a back and forth to the child everything they cry just reenforces the child's need for attention when they should be sleeping. I used to work in a day care and our toddlers would cry all the time when it was nap time. And eventually after about 10 minutes they'd cry themselves out and be out like a light. There's nothing wrong with this.
DoomedGemini | 37
Yeah, I live with my cousin and his wife, they have a baby. He's VERY attached to his mother and will cry for no other reason than she isn't holding him. Yes, they cry for a reason. That doesn't mean the reason is good. Though if it's keeping op up the whole night, that seems kinda long..
kirkaygri | 18
Four months old is when babies typically start to cry for no reason other than to get attention. It's also when cry it out is most effective. However, cry it out isn't letting your child cry for minutes on end when they need something. Usually, you can sleep train a 4 month old within 2 week using CIO, and they gradually cry less and less each night. You're suppose to make sure they are taken care of them and then lay them in their crib with a bedtime ritual, then, staying close by, within earshot, you let them learn to fall asleep without being held or rocked. You check on them every 7-10 minutes (video monitors are great for checking in) and sooth every 30. Voice sooth, or gently touching, never picking them up. It's a simple process, but it can be very challenging for the parents. I think I cried more than my daughter. But she's 7 and has always slept very, very well in her own room (occasional bad dreams aside). The child shouldn't be crying more than an hour, constantly, at that age (toddlers? Toddlers will cry and cry and cry, for hours (2 was our max, she did not want to nap.) when it naps time!) But, even if you're trying to sleep train your baby, you need to be considerate of your neighbors. Especially in an apartment complex. I would have given a little bag with nice ear plugs, a little treat and maybe a movie gift pass as an apology with a note explaining that it may be a tough week and please bear with us. And as a neighbor, I would only put up with it so far. There is a line. If it continues. I'd ask them if there's a reason the child is crying, like sleep training, or if they're just being neglectful. Also, remember, sometimes it's best for the baby if a parent walks away while they are crying. Some people have explosive tempers and shouldn't have kids, it's best they leave a crying child to cry rather than react badly.
ModernaParker | 5
That's actually not a bad idea. I'm going to do that for my neighbors.
Joshoa123 | 14
You do know colic is a thing right. Until you have kids you simply won't understand how it is. Before my first child I used to get really annoyed at crying babies thinking it was the parents fault. And sure, it can be. But more often than not there simply isn't anything you can do for the child and when you have your own you become completely sympathetic to this and babies crying won't bother you anymore. (Mostly)
FarmerGirl420 | 11
That is a horrible thing to do to undeserving parents. If crying it out, which isn't abuse, is the only thing they're doing, then they do not deserve that. You do not know the parents or the situation. you are just a horrible person.
snarkytruth | 37
Great point. Better a crying baby than a dead or broken one, especially if you're left wondering if your complaint was the last straw. Some people can't deal w crying babies any more than the OP and may need to walk away to keep from harming the baby. That includes parents of surprise blessings or too young parents or people with a short fuse. If it's colic nothing on earth will help but time. Universal Truth: Apartments Suck. For a million different reasons. 1. Get lots of soft ear plugs. Not the wax kind trust me. Headphones aren't comfortable to sleep in. Kids are noisy that's life in an apartment. It sucks for the parents too. 2. Ask the landlord if you can change apartments and pick a different unit. Go for an upper floor to avoid having to tap into your compassion for any other neighbors. 4. Move into a child free complex. Yes they exist. 5. Buy your own house. 6. Buy a white noise machine or pillow speaker. 7. Cry It Out. I hear you will eventually fall asleep. Heaven help your future spouse if they snore or if you ever have kids. Life has a cruel sense of humor like that. Finally, zombies are popular take advantage of it.
By doodlecloud | 26
Comment moderated or buried due to negative votes. Show the comment
To be fair, if they keep it up the kid will learn that it can't get what it wants by crying and it'll be better in the long run (though I would say 4 months is a bit young for that). Better than raising a spoiled brat who regularly throws tantrums because that's how they get their way.
smallandroid | 26
I think there's a different than a toddler throwing a fit to get their way and a baby crying because it has legitimate needs that is isn't capable of conveying because it's a fucking baby that can't talk.
Migole | 36
For a baby that young, leaving it to "cry it out" can lead to serious damage because it can shatter their natural trust in the parents. Some serious side effects include completely refusing to let the parents handle them (I've heard of cases where the grandparents had to come over and feed/change the baby because it refused its parents). The development stage for learning need from want starts much later.
doodlecloud | 26
I did mention that 4 months was too young. But I was talking about the 'let them cry it out' theory in general, as I often see non-parents complain about it without realising that parents are just trying their best and don't really want to hear the screaming either. I also don't think it's necessary for every child...but children do all have to start practising patience and becoming less egotistical, gradually, at some point. Also, babies who aren't seen to DO learn to stop crying. It's just technically abuse at that age. Children who are actually neglected learn to stop crying even when starving or in a soiled nappy; they know no-one will come. Pretty depressing, but it does happen.
By tlnorman | 18
Inconsiderate neighbours. I get babies cry but just letting them scream all night is one not good for them and two really thoughtless to those that have to listen to it. If it were me I'd write a letter politely explaining how you feel and if they don't respect that continuously make formal noise complaints they'll get a letter from the management company of your building. Baby's cry yes but all night I'm sorry but no there are limits to what you put your neighbours through.
tlnorman | 18
Yeah no from what OP is saying it's the "cry it out approach" if your baby is that colicky then go to the paediatrician. In our building people have to be quiet after 9 and we sympathize with crying babies but when that crying baby with two noise machines a load fan and ear plugs still keeps me up then I'm sorry I was in the building first and I won't put up with it. People need sleep to work and function and colic or not you chose to live in a condo you have to be respectful of your neighbours. Parents get enough breaks and bitchy or not your choice to be a parent shouldn't prevent me from being able to do my job or avoid illness due to lack of sleep.
sturschaedel | 27
That. My first son used to cry and scream pretty much the first eight months of his life. We live in a house with a big garden, and our neighbors stopped by to ask what was going on because they heard the baby cry at all hours. I did not use "cry it out" and was carrying him in a wrap most of the time. He had a pacifier, but would cry around it. We had him checked out medically. We gave him medication to ease wind and colics and it helped some but he was still crying a lot. It gradually subsided and pretty much stopped when he was one year old. That's when he started to talk. Now he is six, and still talking non stop all day long. While he chews your ear off when you are with him, at least the neighbors aren't bothered anymore. :)
Today, I spent 2 hours slaving over a hot stove to make my kids the perfect dinner. They both came home with Happy Meals in their hands. FML
By xSusanGeex - / Saturday 9 April 2016 23:29 / United States - Grand Prairie
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We have been exploring drilled plastic lids, drilled wooden dowels, old records, metal clips, pulley device, etc. by suspending these things from the ceiling from a length of yarn. We can twist and spin them, and pull up and down and change the items around.
We have found that:
We painted with our contraption in a variety of ways.
When the children's interest turned to the candy shop in the dramatic play area we viewed the YouTube video Making Candy Canes (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pnHKFvflgFQ) and learned how candy rope was made. The children wanted to make their own candy, so we gave it a try.
We experimented with yarn, glue, starch and glitter and fastened it to our spinning device.
We were successful in twisting our yarn into "candy" rope. Yeah! We cut the rope into pieces, and shaped the pieces into shepherds crooks. The children were thrilled with the canes that they made, and home they went for Christmas.
…and, other young students twisted candy sticks for their clay and cinnamon Christmas people.


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Produced exclusively from Bouteillan variety olives grown in the Vallée des Baux-de-Provence, this aromatic extra virgin olive oil is well-balanced and wonderfully and complex with relatively prominent bitterness and sharpness. The taste is prominent in garden artichoke with notes of green lettuce and sour apple. This olive oil is the perfect seasoning for steamed vegetables or a tomato salad, as well as finishing grilled fish before serving.
Chateau d'Estoublon is located on the southern slopes of the Alpilles, in the heart of Provence, where their orchards and vineyards have been classified A.O.P. Les Baux de Provence since 1995. With 212 acres of olive trees and 47 acres of vineyards, Chateau d'Estoublon is rightly considered to be one of the most outstanding sites in the region. The Grossane, B̩ruguette, Saloneque, Bouteillan and Picholine olives are the five varieties produced by the Chateau and are harvested by hand from early November to mid-December. All of their olives are extra virgin, cold extracted and pressed in their mill.


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My Nonprofit Reviews
Review for Loudon County Habitat for Humanity, Loudon, TN, USA
Habitat for Humanity helps build housing for partner families. I originally signed up to help paint. Through their Women Build program, I have learned so much more. Volunteers are encouraged to try different construction skills within their own comfort zone. I have learned to build porches and stairs, install baseboards, build sub floors and walls, install insulation ,windows, and doors, build walls and apply foam insulation. And yes, I have even painted. I have made new friends and seen the great joy the family experiences when they receive the keys to their new home. I have gained the confidence to make repairs in my own home that have saved us a few dollars. This has been a definite growing experience.
More Feedback
I've personally experienced the results of this organization in...
I have more confidence using tools and attempting repairs on my own home. I have also attended dedications and seen the people who will live in the completed houses.
If I had to make changes to this organization, I would...
try to encourage other groups of volunteers to participate. This group seems to attract mostly retired people as helpers.


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+0034 958 860044 / +0034 670 917602 +0034 958 860044 / +0034 670 917602
Address: Plaza Santiago, Nº 7 Postal code 18.800 Baza (Granada) - Spain -
€ 28,000
Code: v1857 Property types: Cave house Visits: 987
A rural cave with 8 rooms for restoration on the outskirts of Castillejar Granada. Sat on the hilside with great views of the countryside there has been a small amount of restoration done. There is a small garden area at the front and room for off road parking. With the option to purchase the cave next door for reform making an ideal rental unit or to make a large family cave home see code v1856.


text:
326,001 Classified ads
in IndiaPeru
|Tuesday 12th of May 2015
IFRS Workshop - Toronto (July 14-16, 2015)
Canadian Workshops Business Technology Healthcare (CWBTH) is pleased to announce the details of our upcoming IFRS Workshop. Workshop: IFRS Workshop (International Financial Re ...
User´s rules | Privacy policy | Contact Vads.in | Delete advertisements | Report advertisements | Recommend
Vads.in © Copyright 2017 All rights reserved. Advertisements Classified Advertisements


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Recessions can often offer opportunity and currently a number of countries have both residential and commercial properties that clients can purchase to rent and utilise the possible investment returns.
However, if purchasing by cash is not an option, then raising finance secured against the property could be an ideal option and dependent on your own personal financial circumstances could also be tax efficient (and subject to local tax laws). Please check with a Solicitor and/or Tax Advisor who is knowledgeable about that country's tax laws.
Loan to value, interest rates and other lending criteria do vary dependent on your own personal financial status, type and value of the property, location, loan size and whether you are borrowing/purchasing in your own name or in a local or offshore company name.
Please note, some lenders may take into account a proportion of the rental income to be received from the property, but will not lend just based on the rental income only.
You also need to check if that country (or region/district of that country) allows rentals to take place, whether a Licence is required and if there are additional/different taxes due on the rental income to be received. There may also be additional taxes due if an investment property is eventually sold – again, check with a local independent lawyer before committing to the purchase.
We frequently use the services of carefully selected third parties for the provision of Buy-to-Let mortgages, as this can be a specialist type of borrowing in a particular country.
Further details available on request.


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This week saw the trailer release for 's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., with fans immediately giving birth to rumors that 's hooded character could be non other than crime-fighting superhero Luke Cage. The show producers still haven't revealed Richards's character's identity, but Executive Producer Jeffrey Bell has moved to quash speculation that it will Cage, admitting in an interview to IGN:
It's not the [character] people are talking about...Honestly, we were looking for this part, and we just said, 'Look, all our parts are open to all diversity.' So the fact that we have a black dude who is awesome and it's J was just because he was the best actor. It wasn't like, 'You know who…!'
OK, so it seems that Richard's ethnicity has no bearing on the character that he'll play, but does that mean that it will still be someone familiar to the Marvel universe:
You know, not necessarily. I mean, we're going to draw from it, but Marvel has its thing, and we're also going to be expanding forward, and this world is different since The Avengers. So I think there will be people showing up, some from the Marvel Universe and some not. But to commit to anything more would be telling.
Intriguing. I'm still not convinced that the showrunners aren't throwing us a curveball here and that Luke Cage will still kick ass in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.. But if Richards isn't playing Cage, who could it be? Rage? Blue Marvel? Use the comment section below to speculate away.


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|23 Jul 2013
Windows Audio Service Unique behaviour
hi everyone,
I am using HP 1000 notebook PC ( Core i3 ) with Windows 7 Ultimate x64.
The problem is that when i start my laptop windows give a wellcome sound but after that windows audio service seems to be down because if i play something i can't. Wmp just says cannot play file.
So i have checked the audio service from Services.exe.
Its status is started and set to start automatically.So it shows that service is running but its not.
And strange thing is that when i just refresh Windows Audio Service everythings works good for almost 1 hour and then again wiothout any notice or change in service status it stops working.
So when i keep refreshing service it keeps working.
Please guide how can i make audio playback remain good ?
Thank you.
|My System Specs
|23 Jul 2013
I doubt that the audio service is the problem.
From what I can find, this has RealTek audio. I didn't see if it has HDMI. If it does have HDMI and an HDMI cable is connected it will switch to HDMI for audio, rather than the PC's speakers and thus you will not hear anything.
Check the Device Manager, Sounds section. You should have the RealTek audio and HDMI audio (if you have this) listed. If there is a generic HD Audio Codec listed, either additionally or in place of the RealTek that could be the problem. If RealTek is not listed you need to download and install the correct sound driver from HP.
More info is needed to try and help you.
|My System Specs
|23 Jul 2013
Thank you for guidance.
Yes i have checked that the Sound in Control panel shows Speakers and HDMI but it says HDMI not plugged in.
and also in control panel there is Realtek HD Audio manager.
So what can i check now
|My System Specs
|23 Jul 2013
How about the Device Manager? Did you check that as I suggested?
|My System Specs
|23 Jul 2013
Oh yes i forgot to mention i checked that too.
The device is working properly.and i updated the latest audio driver 2 days ago from the Windows update.
Do i have to do it manually from hp website or is it good from the windows update method too ?
|My System Specs
|23 Jul 2013
Best to do it directly from the HP site. The windows installed driver, many times is either an old driver or not an HP supplied.
|My System Specs
|24 Jul 2013
well i have reinstalled the realtek hd audio driver that i got from from the hp website but the problem persists.
By the way when i just uninstalled the audio driver ,windows itself installed its HD audio driver that was working fine all the time so now after reinstalling driver i again uninstalled it and again windows itself installed its own hd audio driver after restart.
Now that window's own driver works fine.
Please guide what should i do ?
Can i keep working without realtek driver or not ?
The only difference when i install the realtek driver is that a realtek audio manager appears in control panel (and the problems comes again) otherwise windows has picked the hd audio device itself and is running it good and sound quality also looks good.
please guide.
|My System Specs
|24 Jul 2013
The Windows installed HD Audio codec is only a basic function audio driver. The RealTek is full function, but if the HD Audio Codec driver works for you, then use it.
|My System Specs
|26 Jul 2013
Ok thank you very much for kind guidance.let me use it for sometime ,i will report performance in after sometime.
|My System Specs
|28 Jul 2013
Windows 7 Ultimate x64
i have also same issue like your's bro.
|My System Specs
|Thread Tools
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Working as a journalist with published work in magazines and books; experimenting with people photography, although my heart is in nature I like to be versatile and use my experience in different areas of photography .
I currently own a very established wedding photography/video production company.
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Around 50% of the goods vehicles on highways and prominent roads of Pune region were found to be overloaded by the flying squads of the Regional Transport Office (RTO) of Pune during their inspection drives.As many as 26,930 heavy vehicles including trucks, lorries and multi-axle vehicles were checked in 2013-14, of which 13,188 vehicles were found carrying goods more than the permitted limit. In 2012-13, about 40% of the vehicles were found to be overloaded.The Pune region, which includes Pune and Solapur districts have always recorded a high traffic flow of heavy vehicles. We have deployed squads on Pune-Solpaur, Pune-Kolhapur, Pune-Nashik and Pune-Mumbai highways. These squads check if transport vehicles are fit to travel and carry load within the stipulated norms, said an official from RTO.
In last 12 months, the inspectors checked 26,930 vehicles for overloading. Among these, about 5174 vehicles were confiscated, while 8174 vehicles were asked to unload the excess goods before they were allowed to continue plying on roads. The RTO collected Rs 17.62 crore in form of taxes, dues and penalties in all the cases.Road experts have expressed the need for stringent clauses to restrict overloading of heavy vehicles. A retired officer from the Maharashtra State Road Development Corporation pointed out that carrying excess load in transport vehicles is not only dangerous but also damages the roads. Overloading leads to fast deterioration of roads. The RTO cannot control it and the transporters don't pay attention to the consequences of this dangerous act, he said.
A RTO official said, Most of the cases were registered against trucks and multi-axle lorries. We asked the drivers to avoid carrying excess load. We also noticed that many drivers were unaware of the overloading rules and did not know that their vehicle was carrying more than permissible volume. Inspectors also observed that the goods were not covered properly.Maximum vehicles were checked in Solapur area followed by Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune and Akluj.The RTO also carried special checks at two border check-posts in Mandrup and Marawade in Solpaur district. At these posts, about 4816 vehicles were found overloaded.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Publication date
|Jul 11, 1961
|Filing date
|Dec 13, 1957
|Priority date
|Aug 22, 1955
|Publication number
|Ernest Leubaz
|Original Assignee
|Ernest Leubaz
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (9), Referenced by (24), Classifications (10)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
E. LEUBAZ SAFETY MARKER July 1 1, 1961 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 15, 1957 INVENTOR ERNEST LEUBAZ Attorneys July 11, 1961 E. LEUBAZ 2,991,698
SAFETY MARKER Filed Dec. 13, 1957 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR ERNEST LE UBAZ Attorneys E. LEUBAZ SAFETY MARKER July 1 1, 1961 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Dec. 15, 1957 INVENTOR ERNEST LEUBAZ A lorneys July 11, 1961 E. LEUBAZ SAFETY MARKER 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Dec. 15, 1957 IN VE NTOR ERNEST L E UBAZ Attorneys E. LEUBAZ SAFETY MARKER July 11, 1961 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Dec. 13, 1957 INVENTOR ERNEST LEUBAZ hub;
Afforneys United States Patent 2,991,698 SAFETY MARKER Ernest Letibaz, Petite Fusterie 2, Geneva, Switzerland Filed Dec. 13, 1957, Ser. No. 702,573 Claims priority, application Switzerland Aug. 22, 1955 Claims. (Cl. 88-79) This invention relates to safety markers, and more particularly to a novel highway or road marker adapted for returning light from a source such as an automobile headlight, back to the vicinity of the source so that, for instance, the driver of the automobile may become aware of the marker already at a great distance therefrom.
This is a continuation-in-part of my patent application Serial No. 605,300, filed August 21, 1956, now abandoned,
It is an object of my invention to provide a safety road marker of the above nature which will be adapted to reflect light received at a very small angle with the road surface from, for instance, the headlight of an automobile which is still at great distance, in such a manner that the major portion of the incident light is reflected at a slighty larger angle, relative to the road surface, toward the automobile so as to be detected by the driver of the latter from that great distance.
It is another object of my invention to provide a safety road marker of the characteristics described which is compact and withstands even heaviest loads passing thereover, without being damaged.
It is still another object of my invention to provide a safety road marker which can be easily embedded in the surface of a road or highway and the reflector body of which can be easily removed from a novel type of mounting.
The known road signals or markers destined for the same purposes of delineating a determined track or lane of the road, all suffer from the drawbacks of being either too light and easily breakable, or of reflecting too low a proportion of the incident light, in particular while the angle of the incident light is still very small, i.e. while the approaching vehicle is still at a great distance, so that those markers are often noticed too late in order to prevent road accidents.
These road markers must be embedded in the road surface to protrude from the latter only in a negligible amount so as not to represent a source of danger to a vehicle passing thereover with one of its wheels by, for instance, causing damage to the tires, or the like undesirable effects. However, this requirement causes special problems of light reflection, which the known art has tried to solve by causing a light scattering effect. This type of effect which is utilized, for instnace, in the patent to Langdon, 2,229,l79, and all other known effects are accompanied by losses of intensity of the reflected light which greatly reduce the etfectivity of the signal body as a road marker.
These drawbacks are overcome and the above-mew tioned objects are attained by the safety marker according to my invention which comprises a body of solid lighttransmissive material having a convex top surface which protrudes only slightly from the road surface, and at its bottom surface at least one zone of saw-tooth shaped cross section, the indenture etween every two saw-teeth in the plane of the cross section being formed by an inclined L-shape, corresponding to a right-angled dihedron mirror from which incident light is reflected parallel to its direction of incidence.
In this mirror zone at the bottom surface of the marker body, the mirror planes the projection of which is constituted by the short arm of the L cross section, ex-
tend at a substantially oblique angle to the direction of the incident light rays and intercept the major portion thereof to reflect the same toward the mirror planes corresponding to the long arm of the L cross section, from Where they are returned to the convex top surface of the marker body and then refracted from there toward the outside at an angle with the road surface greater than the angle under which the light from a vehicle arrives at the convex marker surface.
According to another feature of the invention, the light received from one side of the road marker at the convex top surface thereof, is refracted through the marker body toward a zone of the mirrored bottom surface diagonally opposite the side of light incidence, while the light received from a vehicle travelling in an opposite direction, which light is received on the opposite marker side, is refracted toward a mirrored zone at the bottom surface of the marker on the first mentioned side of the marker.
In the reflecting zones the mirror planes or faces corresponding to the long arm of the above-mentioned L must be inclined forward in the direction of the incident refracted light travelling through the marker body, while the faces corresponding to the short arms of the said L must be disposed to oppose the path of travel of that same light so as to reflect the latter.
Thereby, by far the greater portion of the light coming from the convex top surface is reflected toward the same by the long L arm faces.
The proportion of light received by the latter long L arm faces, and which is reflected by the short L arm faces back to the convex top surface is maintained low so as not to exceed 5 to 10% and thus remains of no significance, due to the fact that the long L. arm faces are inclined forwardly upwardly toward the incoming light so as to be almost parallel with the same, i.e., the long L arm faces form an angle 8 with the surface of the ground, or, which is the same thing, with the plane tangential to the marker body, at the apex of the latter, which angle is only slightly smaller than the angle formed between the refracted rays of light, incident as well as reflected, and the ground surface.
This invention will be better understood from the further description thereof in the connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIGURE 1 is a cross sectional fragmentary view of a road marker according to the invention, with the aid of which the optical functions of the road marker shall be explained;
FIGURE 2 is a cross sectional view of a horizontally circular marker lens body according to the invention and being a first embodiment thereof;
FIGURE 3 is a top half view of the marker lens body shown in FIGURE 2;
FIGURE 4 is a similar top half view of a marker lens body according to the invention, but with a slightly varied bottom mirror arrangement;
FIGURE 5 shows a third embodiment of the mirror zones of a lens body according to the invention, in cross sectional view;
FIGURE 6 shows a fragmentary view of the embodiment illustrated in FIGURE 5 and serves for explaining the optical functioning of this embodiment;
FIGURE 7 shows a slightly varied detail in a view similar to that of FIGURE 6;
FIGURE 8 shows a top view of yet another embodiment of the mirror arrangement in the road marker according to the invention;
FIGURE 9 is a cross sectional view of the same road marker as shown in FIGURE 8;
FIGURE 10 shows a number of mirror elements of the marker in FIGURES 8 and 9, on an enlarged scale;
FIGURE 11 shows a top view and FIGURE 12 a cross sectional view of a further embodiment according to the invention;
FIGURE 13 being a fragmentary top view, and
FIGURE 14 being a fragmentary cross sectional view of the same embodiment of FIGURES 11 and 12;
' FIGURE 15 illustrates in cross sectional view, and
FIGURE 16 in top view a horizontally circular road marker assembly comprising a marker lens body which can be used in conjunction with the device in any one of the preceding figures;
FIGURE 17 illustrates in top view, and
FIGURE 18 in cross sectional View along line 1818 in FIGURE 17, yet another embodiment of a marker lens body and road marker assembly therefor, in which the lens body is of elliptic shape taken in a horizontal plane; and FIGURE 19 illustrates in cross section a novel plastic mounting for a marker lens body according to my invention.
Referring now to the drawings more in detail, and more particularly to FIGURE 1, the path of a single light ray is illustrated in this figure, which shows the marker lens body 1 having its upper part formed as a calotte with a convex top surface 2, while the bottom 3 is provided with a mirrored zone which comprises narrow-width planes 6 alternating with broad-width planes 7 and being disposed at a right angle relative to each other.
Furthermore these two types of planes are in saw-tooth or L-shaped arrangement relative to each other, if taken in a cross sectional plane, and at an inclination toward the bottom plane and the convex top surface of the marker lens body 1, which can best be determined by the angle {3 formed by planes. 7 with the road surface plane S.
The angle at which planes 6 are inclined toward the surface plane S is then, of course, (90-5) This angle [3 is so chosen that incident light arriving from the headlights of a vehicle at a. distance between about 200 meters and 10 meters is refracted along the top surface between points D and A, i.e. between where the calotte portion of body 1 emerges from the ground and the apex of the calotte, substantially or with its major portion toward the mirror faces 6, while only a mirror portion impinges upon mirror faces 7.
Angle e is therefore, preferably, slightly less than the flattest angle 6 formed by the refracted part 5 of an incident ray 4 with the plane S, after refraction at a point somewhat above D on the top surface 2 of lens body 1, for instance in the region of peripheral points B and C.
Thereby, the major portion of refracted rays 5 impinges on mirror faces 6 being inclined so as to extend at a substantially oblique angle to the path of rays 5. The latter are thereby reflected toward adjacent faces 7 and from there back to top surface 2 in the form of return rays 8, which emerge from the top surface 2 at points which are somewhat nearer the light source than where the corresponding incident rays arrived thereon.
Thus, selecting the incident-ray 4 from the headlight of an automobile at about 14 meters, this light ray forms an angle a of about 3 with the road surface S, while it impinges on the top surface 2 of the calotte portion of lens body 1 at a point C, when it forms an angle of incidence 'y which the normal N on the surface 2 through this point C, which angle 'y,,=71.
The refractive index of the lens glass being assumed to be 1.5, it will easily be understood that the refracted ray 5 forms an angle 6 :39 with the normal N,,, which is then reflected from surfaces 6 and 7 as return ray 8 emerging from the lens body 1 at point B, i.e. nearer the approaching vehicle, Where the curvature of surface 2 is omewhat greater. Consequently the angle 6,, formed by ray 8 with the normal N at point B is only 6 =37 or somewhat smaller than angle According to the known laws of reflection rays 5 and 8 are parallel to each other, as being. reflected by two mirrors at 90 to each other.
Reflected ray 8 then leaves the lens body 1 at an angle 4 v =66 with Normal N The normal N forms an angle of about 16 and the normal N, in FIGURE 1 an angle of about 18 with the perpendicular or central axis of body 1 passing through the apex A of the calotte. This difference must be subtracted from the diiference of 5 between angles WB and 'y Ray 9 will thus be returned to the vehicle at an angle to the road surface which is slightly greater, i.e. by about 3', than the aforesaid angle a, so that this reflected light is directed against the driver of the vehicle.
The angle a of incident light thus reflected covers the range of from about 02 where the vehicle is at a distance of about 200 meters, to about 7 where the vehicle would be at a distance of about 6 meters. At a distance of about 14 meters, the downwardly directed portion of the light from the headlights of an automobile, for instance the city lights will normally form an angle of about 3 with the road surface.
Only a mirror portion of light rays 5 from the region of points B and C is refracted in cross-hatched zones T, i.e. in such a manner that it meets first the faces 7 and is reflected toward faces 6. This light portion emerges from the lens body 1 at an angle with the road surface still smaller than the incident light. This light portion is thus lost by becoming invisible to the driver. However, its amount is negligible, it being practically confined to about 5 to 10% of the total impinging light.
The inclination of the faces 6 and 7, i.e. angle 3 is preferably determined empirically and depends on the radius of the curvature of surface 2 and on the medium average angles under which the light from a vehicle is to be received and reflected. The latter angles are chosen between 0.2 and 7 as mentioned hereinbefore.
According to a first embodiment of the invention as illustrated in FIGURE 2, the lens body 13 is provided with a calotte-shaped or frusto-spherical top portion having the convex surface 12 and the radius 10 and having a circular circumference as shown in FIGURE 3 with the center A being the apex of the calotte.
The lens body 13 is destined for receiving light from sources either to the left or to the right therefrom in FIGURES 2 or 3, at angles between about 0.2" and about 7 with the surface S of the ground or highway 18 in which the lens body 1 is embedded.
correspondingly, the bottom surface 11 of the lens body 1 comprises two light reflecting mirror zones L and R, one to the left, and the other to the right of the central vertical plane through the apex A and at right angle to the two directions from which light is expected to impinge on lens body 1. This central vertical perpendicular plane is designated by line AP in FIGURE 3. Mirror zone R at bottom 11 is destined for receiving light received at the top surface 12 to the left of apex A, and zone Lis destined for receiving light from the right of apex A.
Consequently, the indentures of zone R which have the same basic L-shaped cross section as described in FIGURE 1, are so arranged that the short L arm faces or primary reflector faces 14 are directed to oppose the light from the left half of convex surface 12, while the long L arm faces or secondary reflector faces 14a are inclined toward that left side soas to avoid as much as possible primary impingement of refracted incident light rays thereon.
On the other hand, short L arm faces or primary reflector faces 14' are destined for having the major portion of a light beam received from the right half of the convex surface 12 impinge thereon, while long L arm faces 14a are inclined upwardly toward the right, thus forming secondary reflector faces receiving reflected light from the primary reflector faces 14' only, and reducing to a minimum the share of light directly received from the right of top surface 12.
In the central region of the bottom 11 in the vicinity of its intersection with the plane A-P, there are provided a plurality of cup-shaped protrusions 15 the function of which will be explained further below.
It will be easily understood that if the mirrors constituted by the saw-tooth shaped right angled (L-shaped) dihedrals extend rectilinearly parallel to plane A-P, a good reflection is only obtained in the case of pencils of light coming from vehicles travelling in a direction perpendicular to the plane A-P. They are, therefore, preferably given a slightly curved extension so as to enable them to reflect toward the driver the light of the head-lights of a vehicle even if that vehicle approaches the lens body 13 in a direction somewhat differing from the axis of the road transversely to which the mirror faces in bottom 11 are disposed.
For this reason and as shown by the half plane view of FIGURE 3, the ends of mirror faces 14, 14a and 14', 14'a are slightly curved inwardly toward plane A-P.
FIGURE 2 further shows how an incident ray 16, entering the lens body 13 in the neighborhood of the top convex surface 12 is refracted to just attain the last group of mirrors 14 opposed to the side from which the ray arrives and how this ray is reflected as ray 17 after having followed the path previously described, i.e. passing ultimately through a zone of the lens body 13 nearer the vehicle than the incoming light and to be then sent back toward the vehicle under an angle with the ground 18 which angle is slightly greater than that of the ray 16 with ground 18.
Below the rays 16, 17 there is shown in stronger lines another incident ray and its reflected correspondent ray, showing that the described phenomena occurs practically for any rays attaining the left side of the lens calotte.
Only at the extreme limit, for a ray such as 19, attaining said calotte in the neighborhood of its horizontal peripheral edge 13, a change in the optical functions takes place, in as much as said ray 19 attains the cupshaped mirrors 15 from which it is reflected practically vertically upwardly in the direction indicated by arrow 20.
The object of this disposition is to attract the attention of pedestrians which are at a crossing equipped with such lens markers, in that these markers light up at the approach of a vehicle which is already signalized by its head lights. The upwardly projected rays 20 light up the entire crossing for everybody looking at it, and give the crossing a fluorescent aspect.
In this arrangement of mirror zones as shown in FIG- URE 1, it will be noted that the height h from the bottom 11 in which the mirror zones extend, as well as the diameter d of these zones in the direction of main light incidence are interdependent factors and are both determined by radius of surface 12. Thus, if h were considerably smaller than in FIGURE 2 the major portion of incident light rays intermediate limit rays 16 and 19 would not reach the mirror zone R but would impinge on the bottom 11 short thereof, i.e. in the zone L instead of zone R. The result would be a scattering of the light mostly in upward direction, and the marker would not be visible at the desired long distance.
' If, on the other hand, the height h were much greater than in FIGURE 2, most of the incident light intermediate limit rays 16 and 19 would impinge not on mirror zone R but on the right hand portion of the vertically extending cylindrical wall of body 13 and would thus be lost.
Since the calculation of h would require very complicated formulae, I prefer to determine the same geometrically by the limit rays as shown in FIGURE 2.
A number of numerical examples will be given to illustrate how this invention is carried out in practice, these examples being, however, not to be considered as limitative in any way.
Example 1 g h =height of cylindrical bottom portion of lens body 26 h zheight of calotte portion 30 h=tota1 height of marker (distance apex-bottom) 56 d =diameter of combined mirror zones in main plane of incident light rays 136 d =diameter of cylindrical bottom portion 150 (10)=radius of convex top surface (12) B=angle of secondary reflector faces with bottom plane varying from 8 (innermost) to 22 (outermost) Example II Cm. h =height of cylindrical bottom portion of lens body 21 h =height of calotte portion 42 h=total height of marker (distance apex-bottom) 63 d =diameter of combined mirror zones in main plane of incident light rays 136 d =diameter of cylindrical bottom portion 150 M10) =radius of convex top surface (12) 88 w=width of secondary reflector faces l0 8=angle of secondary reflector faces with bottom plane varying from 5 (innermost) to 25 (outermost).
Example III Cm. h =height of cylindrical bottom portion of lens body 26 h =height of calotte portion 30 h=total height of marker (distance apex-bottom) 56 d =diameter of combined mirror zones in main plane of incident light rays 123 d =diameter of cylindrical bottom portion ,u(1(i)=1adi1l8 of convex top surface (12) 90 w=width of secondary reflector faces 9 fl=ang1e of secondary reflector faces with bottom plane varying from 8 (innermost) to 24 (outermost) Width of primary reflector faces 0.3
The variation of angles 5 will best be seen in the embodiment shown in FIGURE 9, which will be described in detail hereinafter.
FIGURE 4 is a half plane view similar to that of FIGURE 3 but illustrating another embodiment. It differs from the former in that the lens body 13 has no cup-shaped mirrors of the type previously described, but is provided exclusively with mirrors constituted by rightangled dihedrons which are so as to give a saw-tooth shaped disposed cross section and extend ina straight line parallel to a given diameter 2 1 and inwardly curved portions 21 at their respective ends. These portions 21' serve for the purpose previously described, namely to send back to the driver of a vehicle the light of the head lights of the latter, even though the vehicle does not approach the lens body in the direction of the axis x-z, but somewhat deviating therefrom.
In yet another embodiment, according to FIGURES 5 and 6, the mirror faces in the bottom portion are not constituted by right angled dihedrons.
It is, in fact, essential that the glass lens bottom has primary and secondary reflecting elements, the active surfaces of which are disposed at angles of 90 to each other and permitting a ray attaining a primary reflector thereof to be reflected toward the secondary element and by the latter in a direction parallel to the first ray and at the same time displaced toward the direction of the light source.
FIGURE 5 shows how this result can be obtained by providing the bottom 22 of the lens with cup-shaped recesses 23 directed upwardly thereinto, whereupon the entire bottom can be silvered, so that it constitutes a plane reflecting surface and the cup-shaped reflecting recesses protruding like embossed? parts into the inner of the lens approximatively taking the shapes of a plurality of thimbles. FIGURE 6 shows in fact in a cross-section how a certain quantity of'such reflecting recesses can be disposed side by side and in staggered arrangement in the bottom 22 of the lens.
FIGURE also shows that a condition which must be fulfilled, is all the same that each reflecting recess 23 (which is in reality a thim ble-shaped hollow in the glass) must be provided in such a direction that its lateral wall 23a forms at least at one place a right angle '1 with the bottom 22 of the lens. This is to ensure that an incident light ray such as my 24 will be reflected twice and be returned as ray 25 in a direction parallel to its incoming direction and displaced nearer the direction of the luminous source, as it is the case also for the other rays shown in the same figure.
I have also found that it is advisable to incline the bottom 22 at an angle a of 5 relative to the road surface S as shown in FIGURES 5 and 6. FIGURE 6 shows that the said inclination [L has to be provided for two planes 26a and 26b forming a dihedral of which the apex 26 would extend perpendicularly to the diameter AP of the lens (see FIGURE 4). This has the purpose of making the lens responsive to light coming from the left as well as to light coming from the right with regard to the drawing, in the same manner as the embodiments according to FIGURES 2 to 4 which have analogous symmetrical arrangements.
A slightly different embodiment is shown in FIGURE 7. This embodiment also comprises reflecting elements in the form of thimble-shaped recesses 27 extending from the bottom of the lens body into the interior of the lens, but instead of these recesses 27 being disposed in a bottom which is inclined relative to the horizontal plane when in use, the bottom of the lens in the embodiment shown in FIGURE 7 is substantially horizontal as indicated by dashed line 28, but has inclined planes '29 between the recesses 27, thereby realizing the condition to have at least at one place mirrors disposed at a right angle 7\. to each other the reflecting part 29 constituting the bottom being not horizontal but inclined toward the horizontal bottom plane at 28.
A further embodiment shown in FIGURES 8 to is also based upon the utilization of reflecting surfaces made of right angled dihedrons which are disposed stepwise with inclined faces in the bottom of the lens 30 in the manner shown in a plan view in FIGURE 8 and in crosssection in FIGURE 9.
As has been mentioned in connection with the description of the embodiments according to FIGURES 2 to 4, it is advantageous not to maintain the reflecting mirror faces in a strictly parallel relation to each other over the entire length, thereof, but to curve these faces inwardly in order to ensure a good reflection from the point of view of the driver of the vehicle, even if the latter would not travel in a direction strictly perpendicular to the transverse direction of the mirrors.
In the present embodiment, the mirror faces in question extend substantially in a direction parallel to the diameter ab, but they are of zig zag shape instead of being rectilinear. This appears clearly at 31 in FIG- URES 8 and 9 and in the cross section of the central part of the bottom of the lens shown on an enlarged scale in FIGURE 10.
This has the advantage to reflect that incident rays coming from the left or from the right in FIGURE 8 are reflected by dispersing them laterally in such a manner that not only certain rays are sent back to the driver but that the lens is so lit up as to attain a great luminosity. It thus lights up in the middle of the road each time a. vehicle with lighted head-lights approaches.
In FIGURE 9, there is shown, on a reduced scale, a lens body as dimensioned proportionately in Example III supra. In order to reduce the amount of light re- '8 flected first by the secondary instead of the primary reflector surfaces to a minimum, the inclination of the reflector surfaces to the bottom is staggered to have a minimum inclination (of 8) at the center and a maximum inclination (24) along the marginal portions of the lens body.
It is evident that the shape and arrangement of the reflecting surfaces provided in the bottom of the lens can ofler very different characteristics and that it is possible to provide very complicated geometrical designs with the aim of obtaining a lighting of the lens as perfoot as possible due to the action of pencils of light skimming the ground toward the marker.
As an example of such a complicated design another embodiment is shown in a plan View in FIGURE 11 and in cross-section in FIGURE 12.
The manner in which the bottom of this lens is shaped is shown in detail in FIGURE 13 as seen from below and in FIGURE. 14 as in cross section along line 1414 of FIGURE 13.
A set of reflecting surfaces including 90 angles in order to satisfy the condition stated at the beginning of the present description is provided in the bottom of lens body 30. The reflecting surfaces including said right angles are further disposed in such manner that there are alternative sets of mirrors such as 32 destined to respond to light coming from the right in the drawing, and sets 33 destined to respond, on the contrary, to light coming from the left with regard to the drawing.
FIGURES 1S and 16 show how the lens body according to the present invention can be assembled as a road marker and embedded in the ground, for instance in blocks made of cement or concrete, preferably in the form of prefabricated elements.
In this case, the lens 34 of which the bottom is shown as flat in order to simplify the drawing, but which is devised in accordance with any one of the aforesaid embodiments, is placed in a ring 35 made of cast iron, which is filled by the lens fills with a clearance in such a way that only the upper curved part or calotte emerges from the ring 35.
The lens rests in the said ring upon an intermediary resilient band 36 which fixes its position laterally as well as in depth. The annular space 37 remaining above the said band between the cylindrical wall of the lens and the cylindrical (or preferably slightly conical) internal face of the ring is filled with a material which is also resilient and able to resist the penetration of water, for example, this filling may be of a bituminous or like material.
Laterally the ring 35 has a horizontally protruding flange 3'8 and vertical radial ribs 39 destined to ensure its proper positioning in the ground 40 or more particu larly in a concrete slab.
FIGURES 17 and 18 show a similiar arrangement but comprising a lens 41 of which the upper face is not spherical but elliptical as delimited by margin 41a, and the corresponding ring 42 which has an internal recess adapted to the elliptic form of the lens.
Ring 42 has also vertical radial ribs 43 and reposes on the flange 44, but the latter is not planar in the present case, but follows the curved shape of the lens in order to facilitate climbing of vehicle wheels onto and passing over the lens at those places where it has not itself the necessary declivity.
FIGURE 19 illustrates a mounting socket of plastic material which comprises a flat body having a cavity 51 adapted for receiving therein a snugly fitting lens body 52. This lens body 52 is inserted obliquely into the cavity by slightly bending ajar the resilient upper marginal flange portion 53 and then causing peripherally disposed noses 54 of the lens body 52 to enter corresponding recesses 55 in the inner peripheral wall of cavity 51. External supporting ribs 56 impart great stability to the flange S3.
The lens markers according to the present invention resolve all the problems of road signalling and can be embedded in the ground so as to constitute lines, arrows, or any designs, for instance to write the word stop, or to denote pedestrians crossing. They can also be disposed laterally, on walls or the edges of footpaths on con dition that they are lighted always under a skimming angle.
'They can also be used for the delimitation of parking places.
The lenses embedded in their ring or sleeve can be disposed in blocks of concrete which it is possible to prefabricate in straight or curved pieces or of any desired shape bearing a certain number of lenses or receptacles, for instance of plastic material, intended for receiving the lenses.
3 It is evidently also possible to complement this arrangement by a combination of colors, for example to use white or yellow concrete with lenses which are, at will, colored or not.
Instead of prefabricating the pieces of concrete with the lenses included therein it is also possible to mold on the ground slabs of concrete having cells adapted to receive the lenses therein together with their cast-iron or plastic sleeve elements, or with the sleeves already incorporated in the concrete.
The glass used for these lenses must naturally be of a quality which can support the loads and stress due to the traflic of vehicles over the road. Hardened or annealed glass, for example, is recommended and the reflecting surfaces or mirrors can be obtained by applying a metal coating of the respective parts, for example by silvering.
It is also possible to make the lens self-lighting by utilizing for the coating of the mirror elements new varnishes which can be excited and made luminous by an electric current.
Obviously, the invention is not restricted to the particular modifications thereof herein shown and described, but is capable of various changes within the scope of the appended claims.
What I claim is:
1. A light reflecting road marker capable of reflecting the beam from an automobile headlamp so that the angle between the reflected beam and the road is greater than the angle between the impinging beam and the road, thereby permitting the reflected beam to be directed to the eyes of the driver of the automobile so that the driver is aware of the road marker at a great distance therefrom, said road marker comprising a lens-shaped block of glass having a convex upper surface and destined to be embedded in the ground with the exception of its upper face, the intersection of said upper face and road surface being the mounting plane, said mounting plane being parallel to the road surface, and substantially parallel to the convex upper surface, said glass block further having a bottom provided with reflecting faces disposed in at least one series of right angled mirrored dihedrons of which both sides are inclined with regard to the plane delimiting said bottom, said plane being parallel to and below the mounting plane, the whole being so disposed that an incident pencil of light coming from an approaching light source and entering the convex part of the glass block in a direction forming an angle or between 0.2 and 7 with the level of the ground is refracted in said block toward said mirrored dihedrons, each of said dihedrons having one larger and one smaller surface at right angle to each other, the smaller surfaces of all dihedrons of said series being opposed at an almost right angle to the direction of the refracted light pencil resulting from said incident pencil, while the larger surfaces of all dihedrons of said series are disposed at an angle to said bottom-delimiting plane which angle [3 is almost as large as the angle formed between said refracted light pencil and said bottom-delimiting plane; whereby the major portion of said light pencil is then twice reflected by at least one of said reflecting dihedrons so as to be returned parallel to the direction of refraction, whereupon said major portion of the light pencil leaves the said convex part of the glass block to a point on said convex surface nearer said light source than the point of entry, whereupon it is returned toward said approaching light source at an angle slightly larger than said angle a.
2. A device as described in claim 1, in which the right angled mirrored dihedrons extend parallelly together in the direction of a diameter of said glass block and are symmetrically arranged at both sides of said diameter.
3. A device as described in claim 1, in which the right angled mirrored dihedrons extend parallelly together in two zones in the direction of a diameter of said glass block and are symmetrically arranged at both sides of said diameter, and wherein a zone of cup-shaped mirrors is provided in a zone intermediate said dihedron zones.
4. A device as described in claim 1, in which the right angled mirrored dihedrons extend parallelly together in the direction of a diameter of said glass block and are symmetrically arranged at both sides of said diameter, the parallel disposed reflecting faces of said dihedrons being curved inwardly toward said diameter near their ends.
5. A device as described in claim 1, in which the right angled mirrored dihedrons extend parallel with each other in the direction of a diameter of said glass block and are symmetrically arranged at both sides of said diameter, the parallelly disposed reflecting faces of said dihedrons being wave-shaped in horizontal projection.
6. A device as in claim 1, in which the right angled mirrored dihedrons extend parallel with each other in the direction of a diameter of said glass block and are symmetrically arranged at both sides of said diameter, the parallel disposed reflecting faces of said dihedrons being zigzag-shaped in horizontal projection.
7. A device as in claim 1, wherein said larger dihedron surfaces are constituted by flat elements being part of the bottom of the lens, said smaller dihedron surfaces being constituted by the walls of cup-shaped recesses in the lens bottom, the whole being so arranged that flat elements and cup-shaped elements have parts which are at right angle with each other.
8. A device as in claim 1, wherein said dihedrons hav reflecting elements which are constituted by symmetrical elements alternatively disposed the one beside the other and having each a set of mirror faces at right angle with each other.
9. A device as in claim 1, wherein said dihedrons are constituted by reflecting recesses in the lens body in form of hollows in the glass mass opening toward said bottom.
10. A light reflecting road marker capable of reflecting the beam from an automobile headlamp so that the angle between the reflected beam and the road is greater than the angle between the impinging beam and the road, thereby permitting the reflected beam to be directed to the eyes of the driver of the automobile so that the driver is aware of the road marker at a great distance therefrom, said road marker comprising a lens-shaped block of glass having a convex upper surface and destined to be embedded in the ground with the exception of its upper face, the intersection of said upper face and road surface being the mounting plane, said mounting plane being parallel to the road surface, and substantially parallel to the convex upper surface, said glass block further having a bottom being delimited by a plane below and parallel to said mounting plane, said bottom being provided with reflecting faces disposed in two groups of right angled mirrored dihedrons having sides inclined to the bottom delimiting plane, which groups are disposed to one side of a diametrical zone of said bottom and adapted for receiving light refracted from that portion of said top surface above the opposite group on the other side of said diametrical zone, each of said groups being 11 so disposed that incident light received by said top por tion on one side of said diametrical zone and under angles between 0.2 and 7 relative to the ground is refracted toward the group of dihedrons on the other side of said diametrical zone, each of said dihedrons having one larger and one smaller surface at right angle to each other, the smaller surfaces of all dihedrons of each group being opposed at an almost right angle to the direction of the refracted light resulting from said incident light, while the larger surfaces of all dihedrons of each group are disposed at an angle to said bottom which angle is almost as large as the angle formed between said 1'e fracted light and said bottom; whereby the smaller surfaces of the dihedrons of the group on said other side of said diametrical zone oppose said refracted light under such an angle as to reflect the same toward said larger surfaces, so that the major portion of said refracted light is reflected back toward said top portion and refracted at the surface of the latter to leave said lens body in the direction of the incoming light at a greater angle with said ground, than the latter light.
References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 355,810 Brown Jan. 11, 1887 1,895,173 Sandford Jan. 24, 1933 1,956,252 Robertson Apr. 24, 1934 2,229,179 Langdon Jan. 21, 1941 2,310,817 Taylor Feb. 9, 1943 2,328,407 Becker Aug. 31, 1943 FOREIGN PATENTS 360,761 Great Britain Nov. 12, 1931 438,328 Great Britain Nov. 14, 1935 873,224 Germany Apr. 13, 1953
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 17, 1886
|Jan 11, 1887
|Edwin lee beown
|Aug 8, 1928
|Jan 24, 1933
|Jonathan C Stimson
|Reflecting device
|Sep 11, 1931
|Apr 24, 1934
|Robertson Robert R
|Road marking device
|Jan 5, 1938
|Jan 21, 1941
|Langdon Jesse D
|Safety marker
|Mar 3, 1942
|Feb 9, 1943
|Taylor August M
|Reflecting optical unit
|Jun 14, 1939
|Aug 31, 1943
|Arthur Becker
|Ground reflector
|Nov 9, 1951
|Apr 13, 1953
|Ernst Michel
|Vorrichtung zur Verkehrssicherung mit Hilfe von Rueckstrahlern
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 26, 1962
|May 16, 1967
|Chandler Ide
|Controlled divergency reflector
|Oct 23, 1964
|Jul 25, 1967
|Elastic Stop Nut Corp
|Pavement marker
|Oct 12, 1966
|Jul 16, 1968
|Elastic Stop Nut Corp
|Pavement marker for day and night visibility
|Jan 18, 1966
|Oct 8, 1968
|Pacemin A G
|Markings for roadways, pavements and other surfaces
|May 15, 1967
|Nov 17, 1970
|Dabisch Wolfgang
|Device for alerting a motorist to the danger of iced roads
|Oct 12, 1973
|Apr 15, 1975
|Anchor Hocking Corp
|Reflective roadway marker
|May 31, 1974
|Aug 26, 1975
|Overacker James L
|Refractive spherical roadway marker
|May 7, 1973
|Dec 9, 1975
|Rowland Dev Corp
|Highway retroreflecting marker
|Jul 14, 1977
|Mar 20, 1979
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Low-profile raised retroreflective sheeting
|Jul 5, 1977
|Jan 8, 1980
|Ferro Corporation
|Retroreflective marking tape
|Dec 18, 1978
|Nov 11, 1980
|Amerace Corporation
|Pavement marker
|Feb 28, 1977
|Nov 18, 1980
|Otis George A
|Light transmitting roadway marker
|Apr 9, 1979
|Mar 17, 1981
|Buckelew Arthur L
|Aircraft visual collision and avoidance device
|Dec 31, 1979
|Jul 21, 1981
|Reflexite Corporation
|Retroreflector for road surfaces
|Feb 22, 1977
|Aug 18, 1981
|Hall & Myers
|Reflective lane marker for roadways
|Apr 14, 1980
|Nov 10, 1981
|Buckelew Arthur L
|Aircraft visual collision and avoidance device
|Jul 30, 1979
|Jun 1, 1982
|Ferro Corporation
|Retroreflective marking tape
|Nov 10, 1980
|Jul 20, 1982
|Amerace Corporation
|Pavement marker
|Mar 24, 1980
|Nov 9, 1982
|Stone Walter E
|Highway traffic lane and road edge reflectors
|Jul 24, 1991
|Jul 12, 1994
|Davidson Plastics Company
|Roadway marker
|Feb 10, 1994
|Oct 24, 1995
|Davidson Plastics Corporation
|Temporary roadway marker
|Nov 9, 1994
|Mar 26, 1996
|Reflexite Corporation
|Retroreflective structure and road marker employing same
|Jun 2, 1995
|Aug 26, 1997
|Reflexite Corporation
|Method for forming a retroreflective structure
|May 7, 1973
|Jan 28, 1975
|Title not available
|U.S. Classification
|404/16, 359/534, 359/547
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Labor pledge for Cooma TAFE
The New South Wales election campaign has led to more promises on the Monaro in the state's south east, with the Labor Government revealing a major pledge for Cooma TAFE.
The Member for Monaro, Steve Whan, says if re-elected, a state-of-the-art carpentry and joinery facility will be built at the campus.
The development announced yesterday is expected to offer higher-level courses and programs in response to industry demands.
Mr Whan says it is desperately needed.
"It'll replace some buildings which are essentially Snowy-era sheds," he said.
"It'll be more than $4m worth of work at the TAFE, and goes hand-in-hand with the new facilities that have been built there for hospitality, and the outdoor part of the carpentry and joinery facility that we built two years ago."
The MP says it is important to foster the trade.
"Carpentry and joinery is obviously a popular trade at most TAFEs," he said.
"In this case, we need to make sure we have the skilled workforce in the Snowy Mountains that we need to continue building and continue the expansion of many of the communities in the area.
"The biggest challenge that many regional communities face is skills shortages, and TAFE is a really critical part of addressing those."
For more, go to the South East News blog.
Topics: elections, cooma-2630
First posted


text:
The entertainingly-named Rock Hippo Productions has announced a new partnership with Valve to distribute its two free to play games MicroVolts and Brawl Busters. The two new titles will join Champions Online, Global Agenda, Forsaken World, Alliance of Valiant Arms, War Inc. Battlezone and Spiral Knights in Steam's growing free to play section.
MicroVolts is a third-person shooter based on conflicts between toys in the backyard. Featuring a wide selection of different modes and maps, the small scale of the combat environments put an interesting twist on the typical shooter formula.
Brawl Busters is, as you might expect, a brawler. Five character classes are on offer for cooperative and competitive play, while leaderboards and persistent stat tracking encourage friendly competition among the community.
Rock Hippo hasn't said exactly when the new games are coming to Steam, but watch out for them soon. In the meantime, you can find out more about MicroVolts here.
This article originally appeared on GamePro.com as Two New Free to Play Games Coming to Steam


text:
Goebel Bird Pigeon Reference 32 903 Pink Gloss Finish Signed Selim TMK6
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Goebel Bird Pigeon Reference 32 903 Pink Gloss Finish Signed Selim Trade Mark 6.Item is in excellent undamaged original condition with no repairs. It is 3.5"/9cm tall. Any problems with your purchase - please contact me as soon as possible before leaving feedback. Payment by Paypal, bank transfer or cash on collection within 3 days of auction ending. Shipping by insured signed for delivery. Please note cheques etc are not accepted. Overseas please send email to request shipping cost before bidding. Only Paypal from overseas buyers please. I will combine shipping where possible.


text:
Hey Chowhounds!
I've gotten great recommendations from here before for trips.
I'm planning a big celebration for my Mother in Colorado. We're doing a road trip and haven't set the destinations yet. My family plans around food and we'll go a longs ways if it's worth it.
So what are the MUST eat at spots in Colorado?
I know it's broad but I'm willing to plan around it. My vague idea of what to plan though is starting in Colorado Springs/Southwest and driving back towards Denver over the course of 5 days.


text:
Gourmet Canned Bonito Tuna
Every year Bonito del Norte tuna migrate north as far as the Bay of Biscay in northern Spain. During the summer they fatten up for their return journey south. Just when the tuna are in top shape, fishermen harvest them with fishing rods. Within 24 hours they are cooked in seawater and packed by hand in olive oil. The result is the most tender, silky canned tuna in the world.
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text:
- M. T. Kaddah2
Positive crop growth response to deep tillage in sandy soils has been observed in Imperial Valley, California. Very little information is available, however, on the effect of different deep tillage operations and the possible causes of the beneficial effects of deep tillage. The present field study was conducted on a stratified fine sandy soil to evaluate the effect of subsoil chiseling aid slip plowing to a depth of 90 cm on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield and soil properties. Conventional soil disking to 20 cm depth was compared with two subsoil chiseling and two slip plowing treatments. Subsoil chiseling was on 1-m centers in one and in two directions, and slip plowing was on 2-m centers in one or two directions. The two directions of deep tillage were at right angles to each other.
Significant increases in wheat yield resulted from deep tillage. Grain yield (metric tons/ha) were: 4.50 for disking; 5.15 for subsoil chiseling in two directions; 5.73 for slip plowing one direction; and 6.32 for slip plowing in two directions.
Along the silts formed by the subsoil and slip plow as compared with areas between slits or areas disked only: (a) stratified sandy soil layers were more disturbed, (b) root and shoot growth and water intake rate were significantly increased, (c) soil strength was significantly decreased, and (d) bulk density decreased in some layers but not in others.
Following subsoil chiseling and slip plowing of the fine sandy soils in Imperial Valley, reduction in soil strength apparently enhanced root penetration in the soil. More information is needed to clarify the effects of other factors such as bulk density changes, water movement and nutrient distribution in the soil profile.Please view the pdf by using the Full Text (PDF) link under 'View' to the left.
Copyright © . .


text: My GOSM was delivered today and I stopped by my local WalMart to see what was in the meat section when lo and behold there was an almost 10# packer brisket marked down to $1.39 a lb. I snatched it up immediately. So for $13.67 I have a really good looking brisket that will be supper this weekend. Oh happy day.


text:
Motorola V260 / V262
Info Photos Reviews 67 News Forum
Alarm Feature
Just wondering if anyone else has run into the annoying problem of having to keep the phone powered on to get the alarm to work. I was trying to figure out if this can be fixed where I can use the alarm with the phone being powered off. Any help is appreciated.
it won't be in the settings. it is the way it is and there is no changing it. I see if it works when the phone is in silent mode OR change teh soft setting to no ring tone but alarms on and try that. if that works, you chould just put your phone on soft when you go to bed and put it on loud when you wake up. whatever you do, test it out first. keep in mind that the profile might switch when you plug it in.


text:
Jamai Raja 29th April 2016 written update, Jamai Raja 29 April 2016 telly update, written episode 29 April 2016, Jamai Raja 29th April 2016 Written Update Review, Jamai Raja 29 April 2016 Written Story.
Jamai Raja 29th April 2016 Written Update
The Episode starts with Sid saving DD. DD apologizes to him for mistakening him and treating him badly. Sid says it was because of Yash. DD faints and falls on him. Sid says your son is alive, will not let anything happen to you. He lifts her and makes her sit in car. He tries to drive the car, but it doesn't start. Sid prays God to help him. Goons reaches there. Just then Sid's car starts and he manages to drive it. Roshni runs on road as tries to save herself. She sees a car and is about to call for help but seeing Yash inside, she stays silent and hides. DD asks Sid to forgive her and asks him to save Roshni. She asks him to promise that he will never leave Roshni. Sid says nothing will happen to you. DD says I am very much worried for Roshni. Roshni reaches market and looks for help here and there. Just then she sees Amol with the goons and hides behind the bike.
Amol says she is not here. He is about to leave, but sees Roshni hiding in the bike's mirror. He tells his goons that Roshni is here. They run to catch her. DD and Sid reach home. They find Resham tied. Sid frees her hands and opens the open. She tells that she sat on the mandap with Yash, and Roshni went in her search, but Yash recognizes her hand. She says Yash and his goons are after Roshni. Sid says I will bring her back. DD says I will also come with you. Sid asks her to stay at home. He calls Kesar and asks to get security. DD silently sits in his car and thinks she can't let anything happen to Sid and Roshni. Roshni enters a building and the goons follow her. Simran asks Raj about DD. Raj says DD is fine and her memory is back. Simran asks about Roshni. Raj says before Yash could marry her, Roshni eloped somewhere. Simran says Yash is dangerous. Simran asks her not to worry. Raj asks Kesar to come with him, as they need to meet commissioner fast.
Roshni climbs the stairs and the goons follow her. Simran and Bunty pray to God. Simran asks God, why he has been doing this with her children and says if something happens to them then I will not forgive you. Roshni is hiding. Yash shouts and says I will not leave you Roshni. He says your husband and mum can't save you. Roshni cries badly.
Sid is still driving the car. He sees black cat crossing infront of car and thinks it is inauspicious thing. He thinks he has no place for inauspicious thing and gets down the car. He hears a bhajan and goes there to play. Yash catches Roshni. Meanwhile Sid prays to God to help him find Roshni. He sees goons there and thinks Roshni is here.
Yash says I will end your story for once and for all. Roshni asks him to leave her hand. Sid prays to God and give him sign. Jai Mata Di plays……………Sid thinks they are the same goons. DD sees Sid running.
Yash tells Roshni that her life is in his hands and says if he cuts the rope then she will fall down. He sees DD coming and says entire family is here.
Written Update by H Hasan
Browse online Jamai Raja Indian serial in this article from this page. Those who are searching for to study complete published episode shall will have to stay in contact with us. Jamai Raja is One of the more famed and common Indian serial. It really is remaining informed to each of the composed episode audience that we'll give you the Jamai Raja prepared story at the earliest opportunity. So remain in touch with us to receive study very first Jamai Raja serial created episode for your working day 29th April 2016.Get Jamai Raja News Update and latest updates of serial on desi tashan.