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Inclusion of a 12-lead electrocardiogram in the preparticipation screening of young athletes is controversial in large part due to concerns over cost-effectiveness.
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of electrocardiography plus cardiac-focused history and physical and history and physical for preparticipation screening.
Decision analysis cost-effectiveness model.
Published epidemiologic and preparticipation screening data, vital statistics, other publicly available data.
High school and college competitive athletes ages 14 to 22
Non-participation in competitive athletic activity and disease-specific treatment for identified athletes with heart disease.
Incremental health care cost per life year gained.
The addition of electrocardiography to pre-participation screening saves 2.06 life years per 1000 athletes at an incremental total cost of $89 per athlete, yielding a cost-effectiveness ratio of $42,900 per life year saved (95% confidence interval, $21,200–71,300) when compared with cardiac-focused history and physical alone and saves 2.6 life years per 1000 athletes screened and costs $199 per athlete, yielding a cost-effectiveness ratio of $76,100 per life year saved ($62,400–130,000) when compared with no screening.
Results are sensitive to the relative risk reduction associated with non-participation and the cost of initial screening.
Effectiveness data is derived from one major European study. Patterns of sudden death etiology may vary among countries.
Screening young athletes with a 12-lead electrocardiogram plus cardiovascular-focused history and physical may be cost effective.
Young athletes are the healthiest members of society, yet more than 90 competitive young athletes die suddenly and unexpectedly in the US each year (1). Most of these deaths are attributed to underlying structural heart disease, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, anomalous coronary artery anatomy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, and aortic aneurysm (1). Athletes with intrinsic arrhythmic diseases, including long QT, Brugada and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndromes also have an increased risk of sudden death.
While the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) for the young competitive athlete population as a whole is low (2 per 100,000 per year) (1, 2), it is increased at least 2.5-fold higher than that of the age-matched non-athlete population (3). The risk of SCD increases with increasing peak intensity of exercise and increasing level of competition (4, 5). The autopsy-proven underlying cardiac abnormality has been appropriately diagnosed prior to the fatal event in a small minority of young athletes who experience SCD (6, 7). In athletes with underlying, but undiscovered, heart disease, the risk of SCD may be more than 100-fold higher than that of unaffected peers. Identification and appropriate treatment of these high-risk individuals may significantly reduce their likelihood of dying suddenly (8, 9).
There is an ongoing debate (10, 11) regarding the optimal approach to screening young competitive athletes for occult cardiovascular disease to minimize SCD. Current strategies for screening US high school and college student-athletes prior to competitive exercise follow the recommendations of the 36th Bethesda Conference (12, 13), which refines prior suggestions for screening prior to competitive exercise (14, 15). The Bethesda conference recommended screening with focused personal history, family history, and physical examination tailored toward detection of cardiac abnormalities, but did not explicitly recommend routine use of a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). In Italy, pre-participation screening is governed by decree of the Italian Ministry of Health, which requires physician-led screening with history, physical, and ECG (16). Over the thirty years since ECG screening was introduced in Italy, longitudinal evidence from the Veneto region of Italy has suggested an 89% absolute risk reduction in SCD risk for competitive athletes, such that the total SCD risk for screened athletes is now comparable to that of contemporary, age matched non-athletes (9). The success of the Italian approach has led the European Society of Cardiology to adopt a common European protocol including ECG as the centerpiece of cardiovascular screening (17) and the International Olympic Committee to recommend ECG screening for Olympic athletes (18).
The cost of adding an ECG to the screening program has been a central argument against its routine use (13). Expert commentators have identified a formal cost-effectiveness analysis as an urgent need (10, 11, 19). By contrast, the cost of ECG screening was not discussed in a recent American Heart Association scientific statement (20) recommending ECG screening for young patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder who were prescribed stimulants (21). Previous cost analyses of screening athletes with ECG have not fully accounted for the costs and benefits of screening (6, 22, 23). We sought to model the cost-effectiveness of including a 12 lead ECG as part of young athlete pre-participation cardiovascular screening.
A decision model (Figure 1) was used to project the costs and survival rates for US male and female high-school and college age competitive athletes undergoing a single cardiovascular pre-participation screening evaluation to identify underlying cardiac diseases predisposing to SCD. The model evaluates three screening options: no screening; cardiovascular disease-focused history and physical alone as recommended by the American Heart Association consensus panel (13); and cardiovascular disease-focused history and physical plus a 12-lead ECG with interpretation as recommended by the European Society of Cardiology Consensus Panel (17). We adhered to recommendations for conduct of cost-effectiveness analyses (24), using a societal perspective on health care costs and benefits, following lifetime effects of interventions, and applying a 3 percent annual discount rate. Costs and benefits not related to cardiovascular health of the athletes screened were not included in the analysis.
The model assigns a cohort of patients to one of four branches based on both results of pre-participation testing and actual presence or absence of underlying cardiac disease. Pre-participation testing is modeled as an initial primary screening test followed by a secondary testing step. Persons not detected to be at risk or whom, despite positive testing fail to go on to secondary testing, are modeled in the negative primary testing arm. Persons in the negative testing branch are divided into those without disease (True Negative) and those with underlying (occult) cardiac disease putting them at increased risk for SCD (False Negative). Persons in the positive testing branch are subjected to secondary testing, which is modeled to have comparatively high sensitivity and specificity versus initial screening. These persons, if found to have disease are modeled to undergo treatment (as necessary) and restriction from athletic activity as appropriate (True Positive). Individuals found to be negative on secondary testing, are assigned to either True Negative (Figure 1, Arm C) or False Negative (Figure 1, Arm B) branches based on underlying cardiac disease status. Each branch then uses a Markov process to model, on a yearly basis, the incidence of death, including incident SCD and incident baseline risk of death (minus the baseline risk of SCD for non-athletes without heart disease) by age (25), the cost of medical care, and the utility-adjusted quality of life. In the Secondary Testing False Negative and Screening False Negative arms (Figure 1, Arm B), during each subsequent year there is a 0.1% or 1% rate per year, respectively, of being reclassified to have disease during the course of routine care; these individuals are subsequently assigned the risk and cost characteristics of the True Positive branch. The Markov process continues until the fraction of persons in each branch alive reaches zero, with all persons modeled to die by age 100. After cessation of competitive athletic activity, the annual excess SCD mortality risk in the False Negative group falls to 50% of that in those identified and treated for heart disease and that in the True Negative group falls to the base line risk for non-athletes. After age 35, when the rate of SCD due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease is significantly larger than the risk of sudden death due to other causes in the screened population as a whole, the risk of death for all groups is modeled to be equivalent.
Rates of athlete and non-athlete SCD (Table 1) were calculated from data of Corrado et. al.(9) and applied to the US population, based on derivation of expected prevalence of predisposing cardiac disease in the US. Baseline US rates were generated in parallel from the product of incidence of SCD in athletes (1) and prevalence rates in the young for predisposing cardiac diseases known to cause or predispose to SCD based on best available epidemiologic data (Appendix Figures 1 and 2, Appendix Table 1); these rates were similar to the Corrado – derived rates. High and low estimates of SCD incidence were derived from alternative data sources suggesting variations in prevalence of predisposing disease or incidence of athlete SCD (Appendix Table 1). Background annual mortality was derived from US vital statistics data from 2004 (25).
Baseline yearly medical costs were obtained from National Center for Health Statistics data from 2004 (35). Clinical history and physical, ECG tracing and interpretation, and secondary testing costs (Table 1) were obtained from Medicare reimbursement schedules and CPI adjusted when appropriate to 2004 dollars (33, 34). Initial screening costs included estimated indirect time and travel costs for screening. Best-case costs assuming efficiencies of mass screening (ECG cost = $5) were modeled in secondary analyses. Secondary testing costs were based on a second clinic visit, echocardiogram, and exercise test or Holter monitor as average secondary testing guided by expected prevalence of underlying diseases (Appendix Table 1); a disease-specific approach to determining secondary testing modalities, including cardiac MRI and/or commercially available genetic testing when appropriate in a minority of athletes undergoing secondary screening, generated a similar mean value. Initial treatment and follow-up above yearly baseline costs were estimated based on expected rates of utilization for athletes found to screen positive on initial or secondary testing, and wide estimates for high and low ranges were used due to the uncertainty inherent in these estimates. Expected initial year societal costs for cardiac surgery (first year cost $48,000 per individual)(36) for 1%, electrophysiology study and ablation ($18,000 per individual) (37) for 2%, and implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation ($28,000 per individual) (38) for 2% of the True Positive population are included in this figure.
Baseline effectiveness of correct identification and treatment for athletes with occult heart disease were estimated from a large published longitudinal study evaluating effectiveness of preparticipation screening in Italy (9). The effect of treatment and/or non-participation, expressed as the ratio of the risk of SCD for a competitive athlete with occult heart disease versus the risk of SCD for athletes identified with heart disease and treated appropriately was widely varied. The baseline risk reduction was calculated directly from the findings of Corrado et al. and modified to account for expected differences in baseline prevalence of predisposing underlying disease in US versus Italian athletes, including a lower expected prevalence of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and an increased frequency of premature coronary artery disease.(1) This ratio was varied from one, reflecting no effect of screening based discovery of disease, to twenty-three, calculated as the maximum literature-derived rate of athlete SCD divided by the minimum estimate of non-athlete SCD after identification.
The findings of Fuller et al.(26) and Corrado et al.(9) were used to derive the test characteristics of cardiovascular focused history and physical (Table 1). History and physical test characteristics may be significantly more or less sensitive (3 to 30%) and specific (73 to 98%) based on the thresholds used to determine a positive test.(27, 28, 30, 39) ECG test characteristics were modeled based on findings from longitudinal studies of competitive athletes in Italy.(8, 9, 40) Baseline test characteristics are comparable to those found in screening of Nevada or British secondary school-age student athletes (26, 27) but have higher specificity than when ECG testing is applied to elite athletes or African American athletes. (41–46) Interpretation of the ECG was assumed to follow European consensus document guidance with modifications, which recommends secondary testing only with distinctly abnormal ECG findings, including prolonged QT, bundle branch block, deep ST-segment depression and T-wave inversion, and arrhythmias, and excluding voltage criteria for LVH and prolonged PR interval.(44, 47, 48) A range of assumptions for the test characteristics of history and physical and ECG were evaluated to account for significant variability in the reported sensitivity and specificity of screening tests for undiagnosed cardiac disease in athletes.
Health Utilities Index-Mark III scores (Appendix Table 1) derived from a cross-sectional population sample (49) for adolescents with normal health (0.94) and for adolescents with heart disease (0.89) were used in secondary analyses. Utility scores for athletes disqualified from competition were assumed to be equivalent in the first year as for adolescents with heart disease. The decrement in utility was discounted linearly over four years from diagnosis; all patients had equivalent utility scores from 5 years post diagnosis going forward. Athletes with a positive initial screen, regardless of secondary testing results, were ascribed a 5% decrement in quality of life lasting one week versus adolescents with normal health.
Sensitivity analyses were performed to account for uncertainty in model assumptions, and to address variability in published clinical data. Univariate sensitivity analyses were performed over low and high absolute estimates and low and high estimates of the expected population median (Table 1 and Appendix Table 1). Risk ratios and test characteristics were varied over the ranges derived from the screening literature. To evaluate the overall confidence limits of the model, Monte Carlo simulations were performed varying each input over a distribution with the base case as the median and the low and high estimates of the median representing the 95% confidence interval limits of two one-sided normal distributions, with values limited to positive numbers (or values between 0 and 1 for utilities or test characteristics). A random value from within this distribution for each variable was chosen; variables that were interdependent were chosen together
Funding for this study was by unrestricted grants from the Breetwor Foundation and the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute. Dr. Wheeler was supported by Public Health Service Training Grant number 5HL 07034 from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health. The funding agencies had no role in the design and conduct of the study, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, or in the reporting, preparation, or review of the manuscript.
The base case model compared outcomes for all American student-athletes undergoing three cardiovascular screening options from age 16. Not screening athletes led to an average remaining life expectancy of 61.9 years in those without underlying cardiac disease, and an average remaining life expectancy of 60.8 years in athletes with underlying heart disease (27.3 years and 26.9 years on a discounted basis). Additionally, as those with underlying heart disease have a risk of subsequent discovery of their condition either through routine medical care, development of symptoms, or aborted sudden cardiac arrest, they have higher medical costs ($329,000 vs. $310,000 per person, $114,000 vs. $105,000 in current costs on a discounted basis). The total number of young athlete sudden deaths in the model over eight years of increased risk due to athletic activity averages 89 per year, with a risk of sudden death of 2.4 per 100,000 athletes per year. These numbers closely approximate the average of ninety nontraumatic young competitive athlete SCDs per year in the United States (1).
Screening with cardiovascular focused history and physical saved 0.56 life years per 1000 athletes when compared with no screening (Table 2). The per-athlete incremental cost of history and physical versus no screening was $133, or $111 on a discounted basis. Of a screened population of 3.7 million competitive athletes in high-risk activity (Appendix Table 1), 107,000 additional athletes were recommended to undergo secondary testing and 6,600 athletes were identified as being at increased risk for SCD at a total incremental cost of $410 million, assuming an optimized, cardiac focused history and physical. The cost-effectiveness ratio for history and physical versus no screening was $199,000 per life year saved on a discounted basis ($301,000 per QALY).
Screening with ECG and cardiovascular-focused history and physical saved an average of 2.6 life years per 1000 athletes screened compared with no screening (Table 2). An additional 183,000 athletes were recommended to undergo secondary testing and 30,200 athletes were identified to be at increased risk at a total incremental cost of $737 million. The incremental cost of screening with ECG plus history and physical compared with no screening was $199 per athlete, including all secondary testing and treatment costs. The cost effectiveness ratio of ECG plus history and physical versus no screening was $76,100 per life years saved, with utility adjustments this increased to $111,000 per quality adjusted life year (QALY) saved.
From a health economics standpoint, the above analyses would indicate that the strategy of history and physical to screen for sudden death should fall out of consideration by weak dominance (50). However, performance of a routine history and physical including components of the cardiovascular history and physical may be considered part of the standard of care, independent of cardiovascular screening effects in young athletes. In this case, the history and physical and its associated subsequent costs may be considered part of the baseline medical costs of the health care system. To evaluate this approach, we evaluated the incremental addition of 12-lead electrocardiogram to history and physical alone. Comparison of ECG plus history and physical to cardiac-focused history and physical alone saves 2.1 life years per 1000 athletes screened at an incremental cost of $88 per athlete. At a cost of $328 million, 73,000 additional athletes underwent secondary testing and a total of 23,600 athletes potentially at risk were identified. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of adding ECG plus history and physical versus history and physical alone was $42,900 per life year saved ($61,600 per QALY).
The cost-effectiveness of screening was generally robust to changes of the input variables within ranges estimated for the population mean (Figure 2). For each of the cost and effectiveness inputs, variation within the ranges used for probabilistic sensitivity analyses resulted in ECG plus history and physical having an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio between $50,000 and $100,000 per life year saved when compared with no screening and between $25,000 and $60,000 per life year saved when compared with cardiovascular focused history and physical alone. In comparison to history and physical alone, ECG plus history and physical exceeded a cost effectiveness ratio of $100,000 per life year saved with low rates of athlete SCD, low population prevalence of disease, or low efficacy of screening. Varying the age at screening from 12 to 22 years, had minimal effect on the cost-effectiveness of screening, although age may materially impact the sensitivity and specificity of testing by ECG or history and physical. Changes in the estimated sensitivity and specificity of the combination of ECG plus history and physical resulted in comparatively small changes in the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.
Lower effectiveness of disqualification resulting from identification of athletes with underlying cardiac disease (risk reduction of 33% instead of 84%) increased the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio to over $93,000 per life year saved for ECG plus history and physical vs. no screening. An intermediate but more modest 50% SCD risk reduction with treatment and disqualification led to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for ECG plus history and physical of $119,000 vs. no screening, and of $63,600 per life year saved vs. history and physical. In the base case we used conservative estimates for the change in sudden death risk in athletes with underlying heart disease. In a sensitivity analysis (Appendix Table 2) we assumed a more substantial increase in risk of death with time; this reduced the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of screening for ECG plus history and physical to $28,000 per life year saved versus history and physical alone and $46,000 per life year saved versus no screening.
Some investigators have expressed concern over the potentially prohibitive costs of initial and secondary testing. Varying the incremental cost of ECG from $5 to $304 per athlete corresponds to incremental cost-effectiveness ratios from $28,900 to $174,000 per life year saved for ECG versus history and physical alone. An incremental cost-effectiveness threshold for ECG screening of $100,000 per life year saved over history and physical alone corresponds to an incremental ECG cost over history and physical of $151. Varying the cost of secondary testing from $330 to $3000 per athlete found to test positive on initial screening changes the cost per life year saved from $39,700 to $73,500 for ECG plus history and physical versus history and physical alone.
Probabilistic analysis evaluating 10,000 iterations of the model shows that addition of the ECG was incrementally life saving in more than 99.8% of simulations versus history and physical alone (Figure 3 and Appendix Table 3). In 99.9% of simulations, ECG plus cardiovascular-focused history and physical was below the $100,000 per life year saved cost effectiveness threshold compared to cardiovascular-focused history and physical alone. When compared to no screening, ECG plus history and physical cost less than $100,000 per life year saved in 79.9% of simulations. In contrast, history and physical alone cost more than $100,000 per life year saved in all 10,000 simulations.
In exploratory analyses, we evaluated the cost effectiveness of screening using assumptions for screening modalities in several recent published sources (9, 13, 27, 44, 51, 52). We estimated screening test characteristics for each modality and estimated a screening cost for each method (Appendix Table 4, Appendix Figure 3). These data confirm that the specificity of screening has a significant effect on cost effectiveness. Comparing these data to base cases shows that on a cost per life saved basis, screening athletes to detect cardiovascular disease with ECG alone may be the preferred strategy, less costly and more effective than history and physical. Univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (Appendix Figures 4 and 5) suggest that screening with a highly specific ECG alone may be below societal willingness to pay thresholds in nearly all cases.
Pre-participation screening of student athletes for cardiovascular disease using a single, appropriately interpreted ECG and cardiovascular focused history and physical examination reduces sudden cardiac death and has an acceptable cost-effectiveness ratio of $76,000 per life year saved as compared with a strategy of no screening. The addition of ECG to the current recommended standard of a history and physical examination also reduces sudden death, with an incremental cost effectiveness ratio of $42,900 per life year. Screening athletes with a cardiovascular-focused history and physical alone is unlikely to be cost-effective (> $199,000 per life year added) when compared with a strategy of no screening, mainly because of the relatively poor sensitivity and specificity of cardiac focused history and physical in the young athlete (7, 26, 27, 30, 31, 53). Despite concerns over total cost, the incremental life years saved by including ECG are significant. It is important to note that these results assume the use of a high threshold for ECG positivity, which is critical to cost-effective implementation of ECG plus cardiovascular-focused history and physical based screening. Organized mass screenings of young athletes may improve the efficiency of cardiovascular screening and improve its cost-effectiveness.
The epidemiology of SCD in athletes differs between the US and Italy with US athletes more often having hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Italian athletes having more arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (1, 7–9, 40). While these differences may lead to a lower efficacy of screening in the US context, no studies definitively address this question (8, 9, 32, 40). Data in the present study, including those modeling the effects of lower efficacy, should inform the appropriateness of undertaking a trial of sufficient magnitude to determine the efficacy of screening US student-athletes.
Importantly, our data are based on a single screening per student-athlete engaged in interscholastic or intercollegiate high-risk sports, rather than annual screening as currently recommended by consensus documents (13, 17). Exploratory analyses (Appendix Figures 6 and 7, Appendix Table 5) suggest that annual screening of any kind, or extending screening to all middle and high school students, is highly unlikely to be cost-effective in terms of reduction of sudden cardiac death. In the case of extending screening to a wider population of young people, a mixture of the strategies of no screening and ECG with history and physical will be the most economically optimal given any system-wide budget constraint. As in all screening strategies, limiting screening to a higher risk subgroup will lead to difficult policy choices, with ethical concerns over profiling, inequality, and preferential treatment. Student-athletes participating in interscholastic sport have been identified as a high-risk subgroup (1–6). Male gender, African-American ethnicity, and participation in football, basketball, elite level or professional sport appear to be additional risk factors for athlete associated sudden death (5, 44–46).
There are potentially significant effects of screening that extend beyond the realm of clearance for sports participation. Preparticipation history and physical may have additional benefits on injury reduction, general health awareness, updating vaccination status, or modeling positive lifelong health-care interactions in young people; these potential effects are not accounted for in the model. Additionally, the long-term effects of early diagnosis and treatment of high-risk diseases, as well as common diseases such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia are not well described or easily evaluated. Risk factor reduction or early treatment of conditions such as hypertension that do not warrant exclusion from sports in the US context should be weighed against the potential for harm associated with disqualifying athletes at intermediate risk of sudden cardiac death. In addition, there is unambiguous benefit of college athletic participation in promoting lifelong physical activity (54).
The validity of utility measurements in the young adult is debated, as adolescent and parental preferences and risk tolerance are often at odds (55, 56). Although we included quality of life measures in our secondary analyses, there is a critical need for studies that inform personal, family, and community perspectives on utility with respect to participation, disqualification and sudden cardiac death in young athletes. The effects of significant decrements in utility caused by positive primary screening or exclusion from athletic activity and treatment for underlying cardiac disease could easily offset any life-saving benefits with quality-of-life decrements.
Current ECG criteria were developed by consensus panels and have been repeatedly shown to restrict secondary testing to between 2 and 9% of the screened population (17, 27, 40, 44, 45). While this is acceptable in cost effectiveness terms, improvements in specificity, as has been seen with refinement of criteria over time (17, 27, 40, 44, 45), may be expected from the application of digital processing techniques to large databases of athlete ECGs to redefine the `normal' athlete ECG. Use of less stringent criteria to determine positive screens by ECG or history and physical, or screening of select populations (e.g. elite cyclists or professional basketball players) may result in substantially more referrals for secondary testing (30, 31, 53).
In conclusion, we show that pre-participation screening of young athletes with ECG plus history and physical is both reasonable in cost and effective at saving lives. Screening with ECG can be cost-effective, compared to common benchmarks such as dialysis for chronic kidney disease patients ($20,000 to $80,000 per QALY saved), or interventions such as public access to defibrillation ($55,000 to $162,000 per QALY saved) or ICD implantation for prevention of sudden cardiac death ($34,000 to $70,000 per QALY saved) (57–59). Dedicated cardiovascular screening with history and physical is significantly more costly and marginally more effective than no screening. Sensitivity analyses show that in nearly all cases, screening with ECG plus history and physical is the preferred strategy.
Author Contributions: Drs. Ashley and Wheeler had full access to all of the data in the study and take responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis.
Reproducible Research Statement Protocol, statistical code, and analytical data are available to interested readers by contacting Dr. Ashley at ude.drofnats@naue.
Financial Disclosures The authors have no disclosures to report.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Last weekend, Netflix provided an incredible look at its upcoming slate of Marvel shows at San Diego Comic-Con. And now we have some more details on what's coming for the MCU on Netflix.
During a Q&A at the Television Critics Association summer press tour, Netflix's Chief Content Officer Ted Sarandos revealed that we won't get new seasons of Daredevil or Jessica Jones until 2018. But don't worry, because it's all part of Marvel and Netflix's master plan.
The streaming service is sticking with a two season per year schedule on its Marvel originals. We'll get the first season of Luke Cage on September 30 this year, and 2017 will see the inaugural seasons of The Defenders and Iron Fist, leaving space in 2018 for Jessica Jones and Daredevil. Of course, the Defenders team includes Daredevil and Jones as core members, so we'll definitely get to see the heroes before their solo shows return.
It is also worth noting that when asked if The Punisher would appear in The Defenders, Sarandos simply told attendees to "stay tuned." It has been known for a while now that the new incarnation of The Punisher will be getting his own solo show at some point, but no word yet on when that could be.
Teaser trailers have been released for all three of the brand new Marvel TV shows and it seems if they each have their own flavor. It looks like Luke Cage will have a more upbeat tone than its counterparts, while Iron Fist will bring some mysterious kung fu flair to the shared universe. And I must say, I am extremely excited to see the superheros team up next year in The Defenders.
It would seem it is a great time to be a fan of the superhero genre. There is so much out there at the moment. Some would say that the market is over-saturated, but the fact that different shows and movies have unique tones keeps things fresh.
Are you excited for the upcoming Marvel shows? Let me know in the comments below.
[Source: ScreenRant]

subset: commoncrawl


text: Hey everyone, I was just curious if anyone on fanatic has created an app before? Or better yet an app that you change daily like the chive where they update photos and videos every day? I have a college project I'm working on to help raise money for certain children's hospitals and got an idea for an app, but all I know is farming and well college life not a thing about coding and programming.


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So, I hope you all are clear with my previous tutorial on how to remove Word Document password but still if you have any issues regarding the same, you can contact me anytime. Moving forward with the same category i.e. removing passwords but this time it is about how to remove PDF password. You might have saved a PDF file which contains confidential information with a long and secure password which does only allow the intended party to open the same. But what if you don't want to enter that password again and again or what if you forget the same password? Or what if you wish to remove that password from the saved copy forever? Even in our daily lives too, we do sometimes receive PDF files which restricts and limits our work wherein we even can't edit or copy or print the content because that is the encrypted file.
Before moving with the tutorial, I do hope that you all are aware what actually a PDF is? And if not, then let me tell you a bit about the same. PDF is an important file format which is being used universally by the people as it can be easily opened using various other programs or formats. For opening a PDF file, you need not to download any special software which makes it unique file for sending and receiving information easily. Some people even password-restrict the PDF files containing confidential information. In the situations where we are restricted to even modify or print the encrypted PDF file, the best way to solve the problem is to remove the password of the same. But do you have any idea about how to remove PDF password easily and effectively?
See Also: How to password protect DropBox Account
Method I
How to remove PDF Password by opening the document
- Firstly, you need to open the PDF file by entering the password for the same. Use Adobe Acrobat to open the document.
- Click on the Secure button with a padlock icon and choose Remove Security, which will simply decrypt the document forever. If while creating the encrypted PDF file, you have mentioned Permissions Password, then it's time to enter the same in order to complete the whole process successfully.
- You can even change the encryption settings. You need to click on Secure button >> Permission Detail >> Document Properties >> Security >> Certificate Security >> Change Settings, which will easily unsecure the whole document.
- You need to select the level of the encryption but this time you need a Digital ID. You can use a new one or the existing one as well.
- Click on Finish >> OK for saving the settings
- Save the document in order to implement all the changes made.
Method II
How to remove PDF Password using PDF XChange Viewer
This method is the simplest of all the methods but only if you know the password of the PDF file.
- Open the file and enter the password
- Click on File >> Document Properties >> Security
- Select No Security under Password Security tab
- Save the file and it's done.
Method III
How to remove PDF Password using Google Chrome
- Drag the password-protected PDF to Google Chrome and open the same by entering the password
- Click open the file
- Click on Google Chrome's File menu>> Print >> Destination Printer (Save As PDF) >> Save
The decrypted PDF file will be automatically saved on the desktop of your PC. Now, while opening the PDF file it will not ask you to enter the password.
Method IV
How to remove PDF Password using AnyBizSoft PDF Password Remover
AnyBizSoft PDF Password Remover is the best recommended premium tool which is available for free. It does helps in removing the encryption form PDF files easily including the basic restrictions like editing or printing or copying the content.
Steps to be followed for removing password of more than One File
- Download and install the tool, click open the same
- Click on the option Add Files for removing the restriction (Remember that at once you are allowed to add up maximum 200 PDF files for processing).
- After adding all the files from which you want to remove the password, click on Start button.
- The process of removing passwords will start but it will take little time.
Steps to be followed for removing password from a single PDF file
Using AnyBizSoft PDF Password Remover, you can easily remove password from a single PDF file as well and that too directly. You just need to right click on the encrypted PDF File and choose the option Decrypt with AnyBizSoft PDF Password Remover. The process will start automatically.
Please Note: This free premium tool only helps in removing protections from encrypted PDF files. However, it does not helps in recovering the user passwords.
See Also: How to remove memory card password
A secure PDF file or a Word Document imposes restrictions as well as the laws in order to prevent the distribution of the confidential information to other users. Only the creator or the owner of the file can restrict the access with an encryption. But if you don't have the permission to use the same, then I have briefly mentioned everything about how to remove PDF password easily and effectively in this tutorial.
If you are having any doubts about any of the methods mentioned above or if you are aware about any other useful and effective methods, then you can simply contact us by leaving your comments below.


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$1,850 / £1,200
This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to take part in a moving retreat designed for those who are ready for a personal or work-based transition.
Join us on the mighty Mississippi River, where we will travel south from Memphis by canoe, camp on sandbars, hold discussions by the campfire beneath the stars, and prepare perfectly for life's next step.
Check out the Exploring Mindset (Mississippi) website here.
[/tab] [tab title="Workshops"]
Designed to encourage a rethink of everything we do. From the social and environmental challenges we face, to happiness, efficiency, values, mass-consumption, how we spend our time, career creation, attitude, adventure and, the big one, how do we rebuild society and where should we fit in it as individuals.
[/tab] [tab title="Team"]
Emily Penn – Mission Leader
Dave Cornthwaite – Mission Leader
Alexis Ray
Background & Expertise
As a professional tumbleweed, I have adapted to life in 10 US states and twice in Australia. Resourceful, easy-going, tree-hugging type of gal. Not real skilled in setting up a tent but I can COOK! I'd be delighted to use my culinary training/skills to whip up good eats and treats along the way!
Expedition Goals
Dave inspired me from the moment we met in Australia. The opportunity to meet like-minded people like Dave just makes me giggle from the inside-out. Travel changes people, but esp folks set on positive changes. Nature enhances that experience. And Blues on the banks of the river? C'mon now, who wouldn't wanna be THERE, eh? lol
David Ardill
Background & Expertise
I love being outdoors and have missed it in my adult life, after getting used to sitting at a desk, staring at a computer and/or getting comfortable on the sofa. I have spent most of 2015 looking for ways to re-introduce some adventure to my life with small trips and experiences – basically trying to 'say yes more'. I work in sports marketing and have a recent background in triathlon and running, though my passion and first (real) love is writing. I was born in Manchester but grew up in rural Shropshire, before returning to Manchester for work in the last couple of years, via the north east and various other parts of the north west. Having turned 30 last year, my main goal is to 'be happy' and be open to new things and new people.
Expedition Goals
To expose myself to new things and push myself a bit more than I have been used to – or been required to – in my cushy adult life, not just in a physical sense, but mentally and emotionally, too. I want to surround myself with like minded people and share amazing moments with others, in the hope that that extended exposure to the 'sacred moments' will help me to develop some clarity on my next steps. I am at a cross roads in my life and want to make the right choices to shape the next 30 years of my life. I hope this trip will help me do that.
Chris Barnes
Background & Expertise
I am aware that I might be what you'd call a jack-of-all-trades! I started my working life at 16 as an apprentice aircraft technician, and have dipped in and out of this trade for years due to it being my area of expertise. However, I have spent several years in that time discovering and pursuing new avenues in life. Taking full advantage of the perks of my industry of course I have come to love travel and the life experience that it provides! Doors have opened for me, some of which I readily opened myself, and I have enjoyed a variety of lifestyles home and abroad. One of my main passions is outdoor adventure, which has led me to paddle, fish, climb, run, swim, ski, snowboard, mountain bike and the list goes on! I wouldn't like to call myself an expert in any really (pls ref line 1), but what I lack in skill I usually make up for in effort!
As well as these hobbies I also have a love for making things and getting creative. I love to design, build and fix things wherever I go and this has led to a modest portfolio now of things like garden makeovers, property renovation, and random complex crafts. There is more of me in between what I have already mentioned above, but in fear of this becoming some strange form of self promotion I am going to leave it there!
Expedition Goals
This is a big question therefore probably requires a simple answer…
My personal goal is to reconnect with my authentic self, with the aim to come away knowing the next step that is required in life, to help give the world what it needs.
Terri Witherden
Background & Expertise
I've followed the path society laid out for me my whole life. I aspired for good grades, attained a good university degree and eventually a good job. unfortunately I've quickly learned that the things that society deem 'successful' and fulfilling don't make me happy and I've found myself at a bit of a crossroad. I"m determined to stop living life by the expectations of others. I grew up by the sea (so am a little unsure of how I'm going to feel about water that isn't salty) and spent a brief period of time living in the Netherlands through university. I moved to London 2 years ago and have a life that is pleasant but does not inspire me to grow or reach for new horizons. I don't yet know what my passions are but I am an natural story teller with a rampant imagination. I have a quick sense of humour too, so perhaps my main skill will be keeping everyone laughing in whatever situation we find ourselves in.
Expedition Goals
At the beginning of more than a few big journeys, I'm looking to challenge my understanding of who I am and who I can be. I want to question everything and find out how I can really make a difference to those around me and in the wider world . On a personal level I'd like to learn how to live my life with purpose in every moment. Big questions for a big river!
Anna Lundberg
Background & Expertise
Born to Swedish parents in the UK, I lived in England until finishing my undergraduate studies in Philosophy, Politics and Economics at Oxford and then moved to Geneva to study International Relations and work at the UN; or so I thought. Although I did do an internship at the UNDP, I "ended up" in the private sector and spent seven years working in marketing for beauty products – as far from "helping children in Africa" as you can get. I learned a lot and made friends for life but I knew it wasn't for me and this weighed on my mind throughout my time there. I finally found the courage to quit in 2013, after testing the waters with a three-month sabbatical travelling alone across South America.
I now run my own company, providing digital marketing consultancy to both large corporations and tiny start-ups. Working with different industries and different budgets keeps me on my feet, while I love the varied nature of the work as well as the flexibility it gives me in terms of managing my time and my location.
Today I'm building a "portfolio career" with two new projects. First, an online leadership academy to help set young managers up for success in their corporate careers. Second, a life coaching practice where my aim is to support people who are where I was two or three years ago – stuck in their jobs and unsure of where to go next – as they define what a meaningful life looks like for them.
Expedition Goals
I'm busy creating a life that's aligned with my values and authentic to who I am, while seeking that holy grail of "making a difference" in the world – what better way to philosophise about the meaning of life than to spend a week exploring on the Mississippi with other curious adventurers?
Tamsine Shakespeare
Background & Expertise
Coming soon
Expedition Goals
Coming soon
Andy McLean
Background & Expertise
Londoner from New Zealand, strong organisational and community building skills.
Expedition Goals
To consolidate on my transition year and to have an adventure in nature with great people. To reinforce how important the outdoors is, with thinking space and time.
Lillie-Marie Cooper
As of May 23rd, 2015, I am a very recent graduate of Elon University. I have a Bachelor's Degree of Strategic Communications, and am now an aspiring communications professional. In the near future, I believe my ability to keep an open mind will allow me to adapt into various professional roles, and encourage me to further my understanding of the communications industry. I look forward to gaining more hands-on experience in the Public Relations, Community Engagement and Event Planning fields, as well as any others I may travel into.
I absolutely love to travel, and am inspired to learn about the different media outlets and influences around the world. Growing up, in addition to English, I learned to speak both French and Italian. In college I took up Spanish, which I hope to continue. My love of languages and travel give me the advantage of being willing and able to work in a variety of countries and environments.
[/tab] [tab title="Itinerary"]
|Day 1
|Arrive in Memphis at 4pm, meet the team and stay in a local hotel.
|Day 2
|Head down to the river after breakfast, set off for the first day on the river.
|Day 3-6
|Life on the river – paddling & workshops by day, camping by night.
|Day 7
|Final day on the river, arrive into Helena, pack up kit and head to Clarksdale.
|Day 8
|Depart Clarksdale after breakfast for a 1h30 shuttle back to Memphis.
*Itinerary subject to change based on weather and willingness to 'say yes more' to spontaneous possibilities 😉
[/tab] [tab title="More Information"]
Travel documents: Crew will require a passport from their home country that will allow them to travel to the USA, with at least 6 months before expiry. Non US citizens must hold a B1/B2 Visa.
Contribution Includes:
- Canoes and SUPs
- Camping Equipment for 5 nights on the river
- Hotel accommodation for 2 nights
- All food provisions while on the river
- Shuttle from Clarksdale back to Memphis
Payment does not include:
- Return flight to Memphis
- Evening meal in Memphis on day 1 and Clarksdale on day 7
Kit List
Please see our Travel Kit List.
[/tab] [/tabs]


text:
By Andrew BEATTY
Rancho Mirage, United States (AFP) Feb 16, 2016
President Barack Obama on Tuesday called for "tangible steps" to reduce tensions in the South China Sea, after a two day summit with Southeast Asian leaders concerned at Beijing's military build-up.
"We discussed the need for tangible steps in the South China Sea to lower tensions," Obama said after the meeting, calling for "a halt to further reclamation, new construction and militarization of disputed areas."
China's actions in the vital waterway featured heavily in talks at Sunnylands, a sprawling California desert retreat.
In a joint statement, Obama and the 10 ASEAN leaders demanded the "peaceful resolution" of a myriad of competing territorial claims over islands, atolls and reefs.
Obama has tried to muster an informal coalition of Pacific allies to demand that Beijing respect the rule of law, hoping that China will want to avoid being painted as a regional bully.
The next showdown could come when the UN's Permanent Court of Arbitration decides in April or May whether China's claim to a vast expanse of sea inside a "nine-dash line" has legal merit.
Leaders discussed a collective US-ASEAN endorsement of the court's verdict -- whatever the outcome -- which would heap pressure on China, which refuses to recognize the court.
"Freedom of navigation must be upheld, and lawful commerce should not be impeded," Obama said.
"The United States will continue to fly, sail and operate wherever international law allows, and we will support the right of all countries to do the same."
The White House had lauded the summit, and the prestigious venue, as an opportunity to champion Obama's "pivot to Asia" and ASEAN's growing importance, before the president leaves the White House in January 2017.
"As president, I've insisted that even as the United States confronts urgent threats around the world, our foreign policy also has to seize on new opportunities. And few regions present more opportunity in the 21st century than the Asia-Pacific," Obama said.
"That's why, early in my presidency, I decided that the United States, as a Pacific nation, would rebalance our foreign policy and play a larger and long-term role in the Asia-Pacific."
Obama announced a package of measures designed to boost Southeast Asian economies, betting that the fast-growing region can be an ever more important trade partner.
The plan will establish three economic offices -- in Jakarta, Bangkok and Singapore -- to boost the US government's "economic engagement with ASEAN institutions," officials said.
- Strong pushback -
The summit came as ASEAN and US officials report increasingly strong pushback from Beijing, which is using diplomatic and economic muscle to weaken criticism.
Officials say Cambodia and Laos -- two ASEAN countries that have no claims in the South China Sea -- are under particular pressure to break ranks.
Those countries are also the destination for large flows of Chinese investment.
"The message is 'fall in line, or else,'" said one Southeast Asian diplomat. "China has leverage."
But some see signs that pressure is beginning to backfire -- forcing ASEAN countries to turn further toward the United States. That is something Obama hoped to capitalize on at Sunnylands.
In Myanmar, Beijing's long-held influence waned as military leaders feared becoming overly dependent on China, opening the way for better relations with Washington.
Myanmar's outgoing leader Thein Sein was not at the summit.
He decided to remain at home as talks inside the regime intensify over whether to change the constitution to allow Aung San Suu Kyi to become president.
Vietnamese Prime Minister Nguyen Tan Dung did attend, after initially canceling amid a power shakeup within Vietnam's ruling Communist Party.
In another reminder of the difficulties in bolstering the rule of law in Southeast Asia, Obama called for a return to civilian rule in Thailand, where the military seized power in 2014.
At home, Obama's latest effort to champion his pivot was overshadowed by the death of Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia.
But the White House will hoped to send a message to the region that Washington will remain engaged.
"I'm confident that whoever the next president may be will build on the foundation that we've laid, because there's strong, sustained bipartisan support for American engagement in the Asia-Pacific region," Obama said.
Presidential trips to Vietnam and Laos are expected later this year to reinforce the point.
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Na Strandberg
56, from Castleford
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GraphicRiver Football Tactical Map 5886058
Stock Vector \ Miscellaneous
Football \ Vector \ Tactical \ Graphics \ Tactics \ Arrows \ Package \ Various
Stock Vector - Football Tactical Map 5886058 by Lucus @ GraphicRiver
Stock Vector \ Miscellaneous
The Football Tactical Map is a set of vector graphics that you can use to plan tactics of a football match.
The package also comes with a "tactical map" containing, a football field, team icons, balls, marks and various arrows.
All graphics are made in vector and are fully scale-able.
Layered: No; Graphics Files Included: Vector EPS, AI Illustrator; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS.
The Abstract Polygon Backgrounds Vol.3; Abstract Polygon Backgrounds Vol.2; Action Stripes Backgrounds Vol2; Blurred Backgrounds Vol2; Action Stripes Backgrounds; Blurred Backgrounds Vol1; Light Streak Backgrounds.
Keywords: arrows, assist, ball, corner, flat, football, football field, football pitch, goal, injury, kick-off, penalty, referee, score, shirt, soccer, tactics, team.


text:
According to the Briggs-Meyer personality test fathered by Carl Jung an ISFP is an introverted, sensing, feeling and perceiving person. These are the gypsy at heart kind of people who love to go with the flow of life and like to experience as much as they can. As introverts they are quiet but warm and eager to share life with those around them.
If you have ever known a true "hippie" then you have met an ISFP. They are calm, peace loving and, nonjudgmental. They believe deeply in their own core values and may not understand those who don't accommodate others. The ISFP doesn't like the lime-light, prefers to help others and are satisfied with simply helping others. They are also highly artistic and tuned into the beauty of life around them. The ISFP enjoys the moment and doesn't have great ambitions other to enjoy what life brings them.
Fortunately for the world this is the fourth most common personality with 9% of the general population being ISFP. Ten percent of women are ISFP while only 8 percent of men are.
In work the ISFP often turns to law enforcement, healthcare and business that has set hours and security with clear and simple regulations. They prefer jobs where they get tangible results with hands-on effort that synch with their core values. While not loners, the ISFP prefers to work alone or in a team with flexibility and loyalty. They do not like the lime-light and prefer to stay under the radar.
The ideal jobs for ISFP are:
- Designers
- Florists
- Preschool Teacher
- Artist
The ISFP doesn't like jobs where they are in the spotlight like acting, marketing or in executive positions.
In relationships the ISFP is gentle and like to follow the flow of conversations rather than instigate them. They will contribute with information they deem necessary or practical. This makes them attentive listeners who like to seek common ground with those around them. As the ISFP is peace loving they do not like conflict and tend to remove themselves from it preferring relationships that are peaceful and spontaneous.
In parenting roles they extremely devoted to their family and take great joy in creating a comfortable home for their family. The deeply value their interactions with their loved ones even if they do appear remote, they are just enjoying the moment and storing the memories. Famous ISFPs are Michael Jackson, Amadeus Mozart, Jimi Hendrix and Cher.


text:
Fellow Canuck Randy Busch scored big today. His company Jazinga has partnered with FREETALK to deliver FREETALK Connect, a full featured unified communications solution for small business. Announced at ITEXPO in Miami, this is the first UC system to feature Skype for SIP and Skype for Asterisk functionality.
I've written about Jazinga's appliances in the past. These magic boxes combine telephony, WiFi access, and routing in a single unit, targeted at small business. When first connected, they discover IP phones on the network, and self configure through the use of a clever wizard. They truly are IP Telephony for
Dummies the Rest of Us products.
FREETALK Connect enlarges upon Jazinga's core functionality by adding Skype Buddy Lists, and the ability to connect to Skype for SIP and Skype for Asterisk services. With FREETALK Connect, Skype can become the IP telephony service provider for any small business, saving hundreds of dollars in access and termination charges. Moreover, small businesses can now receive calls directly from the half billion Skype users around the world. This is a sure winner!
Today is an important day for Jazinga, FREETALK, and Skype — who have just received a strong endorsement of their push into small business. And possibly, it was an even bigger day for the IP Telephony ecosystem. Skype brought a sea change to consumer telephony, and is now poised to do the same to business.
UPDATE: More from Jim Courtney, who absolutely loves the product.


text:
German Shepherd + Hound Mix
2 years old
56 pounds
"Whatever you are, be a good one." Well, let me tell ya, I am a good one! A good companion, real best-friend material. A good playmate, whether to your other dogs or your respectful children. A friend to felines and canines alike! I am a touch shy at first, but I promise I warm up quick. A good student, quick to learn, and eager to please. In fact, I have already caught on to this whole crate training thing! I am Lincoln, and I am a good dog.
2 years old-56lbs. My adoption fee is $200 and includes neuter, microchip & registration, reduced-cost training class, free veterinary exam, 1 month pet health insurance, leash/collar, food sample, toy & treat packet.


text:
HSAs: What About the Fees?
Health savings account fees have the potential to eat away at a tool that's meant to help achieve a lot in healthcare. As more employers expect employees to fund first-dollar coverage of their health needs, little attention has been paid to this detail.
When I started covering healthcare 14 years ago, the best piece of advice I ever got was "follow the money." Money motivates people, actions, and events. But with money comes math. When you're following the money, sometimes it's necessary to break out the calculator, of course, which can be helpful in discerning why a certain hospital or health system is taking the action it is—motivation can be found deep in a balance sheet, bond offering or fee calculation.
This advice and experience came in handy when I was reviewing the statement for my health savings account, in which a bank holds the money that I and my employer contribute. The bank takes a $2.50 per month fee for essentially managing an FDIC-insured savings account with an accompanying debit card. Don't get me wrong. I appreciate that my company offers benefits. It's one of the reasons I like working here. And I chose the high-deductible option with HSA over another option. But critically, I didn't get to choose the account manager, as I would with a savings or checking account. I didn't shop for that service. My personal bank doesn't manage it.
The ultimate irony is that while I'm expected to shop around to find the economical choice when spending those dollars on healthcare services, I can't shop around for my HSA. And if $2.50 a month sounds reasonable, it isn't. These fees are substantial.


text:
Calvin and Fanny have been dancing and teaching salsa together since 2008. They frequently attend salsa congresses and festivals where they participate in workshops and share the dance floor with some of the biggest names in the world of salsa. They have worked with five-time World Salsa Champion Oliver Pineda of Australia, Salsa On2 pioneer Eddie Torres of New York, Griselle Ponce of New Jersey, The Cobo Brothers of North Carolina and many more.
FANNY OLAYA was born and raised in Lima, Peru where she grew up listening and dancing to the sounds of salsa, merengue, cumbia, cha cha cha and other latin styles. These sounds were a part of Fanny's everyday life from a very early age and have created in her an undying passion for music and dance.
CALVIN RICE was born in Buffalo, NY and holds a Bachelors degree in music performance and education from Ithaca College. He is an active musician, dancer and teacher who loves to share his knowledge and talent with others.
Classes with Baila Salsa are a mix of footwork (shines) and partnerwork (turn patterns), with emphasis on the techniques of leading and following for the social dancer. Students will also begin to gain an understanding of musicality and latin body motion. No partner necessary.
Calvin and Fanny are available for
- Lessons (private/group/event)
- Choreography (birthdays, weddings, pageants etc.)
- Performances
Contact Baila Salsa
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#Click on image to view it larger – It looks better that way!#
Did this last year then went onto something else and only just found this again.
Single time-lapse photo played around in PS for a while or two, did some of this and added a little bit of that, then fired up topaz adjust and poured some guzzoline into it….and VOILA!….You get this!
Canon EOS 400D
Canon Lens 18-55mm
20 November 2010 Featured in A Beautiful Blur
25 November 2010 Featured in Shapes and Patterns
Another one in the series below:
Check out my Zazzle site for great products with this awesome design on them. (right click on the product below then click on 'Open Link in new tab/window' so that when you've finished browsing my zazzle store, you'll come back here for some more eye candy._ :-)
© Copyright 2010 Bryan Freeman
If you'd like to see my work that has been FEATURED (WOOHOO!) in a Group then Click
The links below will take you to various sets of my work:


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YOU CAN EDIT THIS PAGE! Just click any blue "Edit" link and start writing!
User talk:MD
From Wikitravel
Hello MD!
Welcome to Wikitravel. Please take a sec to look at our copyleft and policies and guidelines, but feel free to plunge forward and edit some pages. Scanning the Manual of style, especially the article templates, can give you a good idea of how we like articles formatted. If you need help, check out Wikitravel:Help, and if you need some info not on there, post a message in the travellers' pub.
Thank you for contributing to Poland. -- Huttite 00:23, 20 Mar 2005 (EST)
Please see my comment to Poland/Visa[edit]
Hi MD,
Please see my comment at Talk:Poland#EU and EEA citizens stay duration --JanSlupski 08:59, 23 Mar 2005 (EST)
Please comment on Wikitravel talk:Polish Wikitravel Expedition --JanSlupski 10:10, 24 February 2006 (EST)


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Picture: Victoria Beckham arrives at the CFDA Fashion Awards at the New York Public Library New York City, USA - 02.06.08
Victoria Beckham's 'Posh' Roberto Cavalli shoes were stolen from the Spice Girls star's dressing room during a recent show, according to reports. A thief struck while the singer was onstage with her bandmates in Cologne, Germany, "rifling through" her belongings and making off with two pairs of one-of-a-kind Cavallis. The shoes and a personalised satin robe, made by Cavalli, are said to be worth in excess of $20,000 (GBP10,000). But Beckham made no mention of her misfortune in a blog message she released to fans online on Friday night (21Dec07). In the Posh posting, the Spice Girls star wrote, "As the festive season is upon us, I want to wish everyone a very merry (and of course fashionable) Christmas and a Happy New Year. "I would like to thank all of you for your amazing support during this extremely exciting time. My family and I wish you and yours a New Year of much health and happiness."


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Employer retirement plans suffered huge losses in 2008, and employers would face even more burdens if they had to comply with new, stricter funding rules passed under the Pension Protection Act (PPA) of 2006.
For that reason, Congress last month voted to ease those pension-funding rules by allowing single-employer plans to phase in pension-funding targets over three years and adjust funding contributions and distributions.
The bill (H.R. 7327) also provides for a one-year moratorium on required minimum distributions from individual retirement accounts and defined contribution plans for 2009.


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Liar Loans: White-Out & Scotch Tape at the Subprime Art Department
Doug Henwood has a good eye for the best of recent business analysis. Henwood's interview with Michael W. Hudson (about Hudson's new book, "The Monster") is a must-hear for those interested in the subprime mess. From the book website:
This book tells the story of . . . subprime by chronicling the rise and fall of two corporate empires: Ameriquest and Lehman Brothers. . . . By the height of the nation's mortgage boom, Orange County was home to four of the nation's six biggest subprime lenders. Together, these four lenders—Ameriquest, Option One, Fremont Investment & Loan, and New Century—accounted for nearly a third of the subprime market. . . .
Under its pugnacious CEO, Richard Fuld, Lehman helped bankroll many of the nation's shadiest subprime lenders, including Ameriquest. "Lehman never saw a subprime lender they didn't like," one consumer lawyer who fought the industry's abuses said. Lehman and other Wall Street powers provided the financial backing and sheen of respectability that transformed subprime from a tiny corner of the mortgage market into an economic behemoth capable of triggering the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. . . .
[Helped by Lehman,] Ameriquest Mortgage unleashed an army of salespeople on America. They numbered in the thousands. They were young, hungry, and relentless in their drive to sell loans and earn big commissions. One Ameriquest manager summed things up in an e-mail to his sales force: "We are all here to make as much f****** money as possible. Bottom line. Nothing else matters." [This activity] helped fuel the mortgage empire that in 2004 produced $1.3 billion in profits [for Ameriquest's CEO].


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Tesla's latest electric car: Model 3 has generated unprecedented excitement all over the world, as its the cheapest Tesla car priced at $35,000 (which is apprx. Rs 23 lakh). Although it's still expensive compared with an Indian sedan, but the excitement and buzz around the car has excited automobile enthusiasts from India.
Model 3: The Ultimate Electric Car?
Originally code-named Tesla Bluestar, Model 3 has a range of 320 kms (once charged, it will run for 320 kms); and it can reach a speed of 60 miles/hour within 6 seconds. Just like earlier Tesla cars: Model S and X, Model 3 is a rear wheel drive and incorporates speical features from Tesla like a central touch hub which can be fitted in the middle of the dashboard.
As per Tesla's design chief Franz von Holzhausen, the Model 3 will "be an Audi A4, BMW 3-series, Mercedes-Benz C-Class type of vehicle that will offer everything: range, affordability, and performance with a starting price of US$30,000"
Bookings are already open on Teslamotors.com, and production would begin from 2017. Some reports are claiming that a smaller first batch would be delivered by end of 2017; and as per Elon's earlier Tweets, full-fledged production of Model 3 would begin from 2020.
But Tesla's Electric Vehicles in India Will Work?
Now, Tesla has installed super-chargers all over US, wherein any Tesla customer can charge their cars and continue their journey. In India, there is no such facility.
Besides, the import tax on this car will make it more expensive.
But overall, the future of electric cars in India is bright, as Govt. has made plans to have 100% electric cars in India by 2030. The process had started last year, when Govt. announced an incentive of Rs 1.38 lakh for every electric car, besides announcing plans to have 7 million electric cars on Indian roads by 2020.
In 2014, Mahindra, which acquired India's first and only electric car manufacturer Reva, has launched Reva Formula E, which was hailed as India's first electric sports car.
Both Tata and Maruti have shown intense interest in this niche and in future, we hope, that they become stiff competitor of Elon Musk's Tesla cars.


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Journalist Rick Bowers has contributed to Time, The Washington Post, and USA Today, and his fascinating Spies of Mississippi—about the spy network that tried to take down the Civil Rights Movement—earned a starred review from Booklist. Here, Bowers examines how, in the late 1940s, The Adventures of Superman radio show struck a powerful blow against the Ku Klux Klan when Superman aired episodes pitting the hero against the Klan in an effort to teach young listeners to stand up to bigotry.
©2012 Rick Bowers (P)2012 Recorded Books, LLC
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Econo Lodge Dalhart
Select your stay dates to check availability
Econo Lodge Dalhart
About the hotel
Property Location
When you stay at Econo Lodge Dalhart in Dalhart, you'll be in the business district and minutes from La Rita Performing Arts Theatre and XIT Museum. This hotel is within close proximity of Veterans Memorial Park and Kella Hill Park.
Make yourself at home in one of the 46 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and microwaves. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and cable programming is available for your entertainment. Conveniences include coffee/tea makers, as well as phones with free local calls.
A complimentary full breakfast is included.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include a computer station and laundry facilities. Free self parking is available onsite.
Hotel Facilities
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Free RV, bus, truck parking
- Free self parking
- Total number of rooms - 46
- Free breakfast
- Number of floors - 2
- Laundry facilities
- Computer station
Room Facilities
- Coffee/tea maker
- Air conditioning
- Free local calls
- Refrigerator
- Phone
- Cable TV service
- Microwave
- Television
- Free WiFi
Hotel Policy
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- Pet fee: USD 10 per pet, per night
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.Show all hotel policy Show less hotel policy


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Your shopping basket is empty!
Carrie Elspeth has been creating beautiful beaded jewellery in the south of Wales since 1999. Each piece is hand-made with beads of glass, acrylic, pearl or wood strung on delicate nylon-coated stainless steel wire.
With a variety of textures and infinite colourways, this versatile range is just as perfect for office or casual wear as it is for special occasions.


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Year Established:
Business Type:
Management Certifiation:
Operational Address:
Youjia Industrial Park, Xinzhaizi Street, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, Liaoning
Parameter of our paper bag
Item Name
Shopping ,Packaging ,Promotion ,Carrier ,Wine ,Food ,Advertisement ,Coffee , Tea etc
1000 pcs
Art paper 128 ~ 300 gsm
Ivory board 200 ~ 350 gsm
Kraft paper 100 ~ 300 gsm
Special paper 120 ~ 300 gsm
Material thickness from 0.1-0.4 mm
Company Profile
Our company is a professional manufacturer, integrating the development, design, production and sale. We mainly have advanced automatic sheet-type paper bag machine from Japan, automatic press machine.Meanwhile, we have set paper rope machines, paper rope harness machines paper slitting rewinding machines and lut knife machines. Our complete set of equipment can help customers produce all kinds of environmentally friendly hand-held paper bags and paper rope products with printing services. We also supply color kraft paper bags like white, red and purple kraft paper bags.
We have strong technical force, self-contained mechanical systems, innovative designs, superb technology, excellent quality and sincere service to win customers at home and abroad. We would like to offer competitive prices and excellent services to worldwide clients.


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Picture: South Park creators Matt Stone and Trey Parker South Park's 15th Anniversary Party at The Barker Hanger Santa Monica, California - 20.09.11
South Park creators Matt Stone and Trey Parker are launching their own production company.
The comedy duo has formed Important Studios for future Tv and film projects, including a possible big-screen adaptation of their hit Broadway musical, The Book Of Mormon.
Stone and Parker are looking forward to taking charge, telling the New York Times, "Having worked with several different studios over the years, we came to realise that our favourite people in the world are ourselves."
The creative partners, and best pals, are modelling their new venture on Steven Spielberg's DreamWorks movie studio and George Lucas' Lucasfilm.
Stone adds, "In some ways it's a stupid comparison because they are gargantuan. We want to be a smaller, more humble version of that. If DreamWorks is (U.S. retail giant) Walmart, we are over here knitting sweaters."


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Selena Gomez "Kill Em With Kindness" Music Video – WATCH!
Selena Gomez's "Kill Em With Kindness" music video premiered on Monday. Watch below!
"Kill Em With Kindness" is the fourth single from Gomez's album, Revival, which came out last October. It follows the previous singles, "Good For You," "Same Old Love," and "Hands To Myself." The track hasn't charted on the Billboard Hot 100 yet, but it's possible the music video will give it a push.
Gomez has been performing "Kill Em With Kindness" live since last December, when she participated in the 2015 Jingle Ball concerts. She also sang it at We Day California in April. Since then, the song has become a staple on her set list for the "Revival Tour."
The music video's release comes between tour stops, as Gomez performed in Ohio on Sunday and will next take the stage in North Carolina on Tuesday. She teased the clip on Instagram before Sunday's show, with the footage showing the singer in black and white, looking solemn as a crew prepped for the shoot.
And while this represents the last music video for Revival, more are sure to come. Gomez has been performing a new song called "Feel You" on her tour, and has hinted a new album could come out later this year. For now, watch "Kill Em With Kindness" below!


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