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Early Wednesday we found out about Steve's sudden death. Mere words can't describe our emotions at that moment. For an instant I felt as if someone had punched me hard in my stomach and pulled my organs out. For an instant I felt breathless as if the air is devoid of oxygen. For an instant I felt as if a part of our life (chess has been a huge part of our lives) has been erased. And then, together, these "instants" just stayed with me even till today, 5 days after the world lost a spark. It's never easy to hear about someone's death. The suddenness of it makes it even more unbelievable. It was even more in this case as Steve, with his immense energy, boyish looks and a charming face looked almost a decade younger than his actual age of 51. If my family, merely chess friends, who did not know him out of the chess world, felt such an acute loss, how would his family and close friends feel?! And then there was the sensitive and difficult part of explaining this to my children. 9 year old brains cannot really process this unfortunate news and yet, it was from these little brains that I derived my strength. After numerous questions, Taran commented, "Well, I am glad I lost to him last week." Roshan remarked, "For somebody who loves chess so much, I am sure he would be happy to go to heaven with wins." By struggling to overcome the pain and sadness of losing Steve, we became aware of the dignity and preciousness of life (rendered last Wednesday by having the privilege to play chess against Steve and on a bigger scale, for having him in our lives).
And just like that the thought occurred to me, that as much as we grieve the impermanence of Steve's life, at the end how he lived is what counts. And there is no doubt in my mind that Steve lived his life with a zest that is admired by many but implemented by few. He accomplished much, developed his state of life and on the way made many people happy. The hollowness that the chess community feels is a testament to that little part of Steve's life that we were privy to. Steve Ferrero, a chess mentor and friend, may you rest in peace.


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HIV-1's subtype C V3 loop consensus sequence exhibits increased resistance to anti-V3 antibody-mediated neutralization as compared to the subtype B consensus sequence. The dynamic 3D structure of the consensus C V3 loop crown, visualized by ab initio folding, suggested that the resistance derives from structural rigidity and non-β-strand secondary protein structure in the N-terminal strand of the β-hairpin of the V3 loop crown, which is where most known anti-V3 loop antibodies bind. The observation of either rigidity or non-β-strand structure in this region correlated with observed resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization in a series of chimeric pseudovirus (psV) mutants. The results suggest the presence of an epitope-independent, neutralization-relevant structural difference in the antibody-targeted region of the V3 loop crown between subtype C and subtype B, a difference that we hypothesize may contribute to the divergent pattern of global spread between these subtypes. As antibodies to a variable loop were recently identified as an inverse correlate of risk for HIV infection, the structure-function relationships discussed in this study may have relevance to HIV vaccine research.
Subtype C infections now represent the majority of HIV-1 infections worldwide [1], suggesting greater in vivo or host-pathogen fitness. By contrast, in direct in vitro competition assays, R5 subtype B isolates outcompete R5 subtype C isolates [2], suggesting greater in vitro infective fitness. Thus, more rapid in vivo spread of subtype C infections may be occurring despite an apparent greater in vitro fitness of subtype B.
Differential susceptibility to human antibody-mediated neutralization could result in differing extents of global spread between different subtypes. The V3 loop is often referred to as the principal neutralizing determinant of HIV-1 viruses as several of the early and recent studies describing human antibodies that could neutralize HIV-1 were dominated by anti-V3 loop antibodies [3–6]. Indeed, several observations suggest a conformational or functional difference between subtype B and subtype C V3 loops [7], but the nature of the difference has not been elucidated. The V3 loop is also the site of CCR5 and CXCR4 engagement, a necessary determinant of virus entry [8–13]. Thus, antibody neutralization determinants and infective determinants coincide to the same location on the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein surface, and disturbances to one are likely to affect the other.
A comparison of antibody-mediated neutralizations of SF162 chimeric psVs carrying the consensus subtype C V3 loop sequence (conC) to those for the consensus subtype B V3 loop sequence (conB) by two different broadly neutralizing anti-V3 loop monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) previously demonstrated that ConC has substantially more resistance to neutralization mediated by both antibodies (Figure 1) [14]. Each of those mAbs (i.e., 2219 and 447-52D) has been crystallographically confirmed to have distinct V3 loop binding modes [15, 16]. Poorly characterized and variable V3 loop surface exposure features were controlled in these experiments using a previously established approach in which psVs are constructed to express different sequences of the V3 loop within the same SF162 Env background [17]. SF162 is sensitive to antibody-mediated neutralization and in this setting provides a relatively constant level of V3 loop exposure and a minimal Env variability background across the different chimeric psVs. Differences in neutralization between two mutants differing only in their V3 loop sequences should therefore be caused by structural differences in the V3 loop itself. Thus, some portion of the subtype C virus resistance to anti-V3 antibody-mediated neutralization maps to the V3 loop itself and not to structural effects outside the V3 loop or to surface exposure differences between subtype B and subtype C.
Previous analysis of the 3D interaction surface of 2219 and 447-52D bound to the V3 loop divides the V3 loop into amino acid positions that comprise the Ab "epitope" and those that do not [14]. The 3D structure of the epitope or Ab-bound surface can be divided into two functionally distinct categories. The first category is amino acids that were found to comprise the neutralization epitope: these are defined as tight (usually electrostatic), substitution-intolerant complementarities between pockets on the antibody surface, and specific V3 amino acid side chains that restrict the neutralization activity of the antibody. These amino acids were identified as R18 for 447-52D and K10-I12-Y21 for antibody 2219 [14], where the number following each amino acid single-letter designation refers to the position of that amino acid in the V3 loop starting with the disulfide-bonded cysteine as number 1. Mutation of any of these amino acid side chains disrupt Ab-mediated neutralization strongly.
The second category is the rest of the epitope or Ab-bound 3D molecular surface: mutation-tolerant contacts between loosely bound V3 side chains or the V3 loop backbone and the antibody binding surface that depend on the overall tertiary shape of the bound V3 loop conformation. We define these areas as mutation insensitive, "epitope-independent" locations for the purposes of this study, although technically all atoms contacting the Ab comprise the epitope and these locations can indirectly influence the epitope.
The conC sequence differs from the conB sequence in the former, substitution-intolerant type of contact. Thus, with a Q18 present in ConC versus R18 in ConB, the chimeric psV carrying the conC loop was shown to be predictably resistant to antibody 447-52D (up to 20ug/mL tested, Figure 1). However, when this important contact was abolished in the conB sequence (by an R-to-Q mutation at position 18 (R18Q), antibody-mediated neutralization was reduced but not abolished, indicating that the observed resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization does not depend completely on this specific neutralization epitope contact (Figure 1). Conversely, the conC sequence does not differ from the conB sequence in neutralization epitope contacts for antibody 2219 (K10, I12, and Y21), but conB is sensitive to 2219 antibody-mediated neutralization while conC is partially resistant. The magnitude of this epitope-independent resistance for 2219 is approximately of the same magnitude as that inferred for 447-52D. Thus, for both antibodies, a substantial epitope-independent structural mechanism, present in conC but not in conB, appears to underlie resistance to anti-V3 antibody-mediated neutralization of the subtype C virus.
We therefore hypothesized that we could visualize the 3D structural basis of the epitope-independent differential resistance observed between the subtype B and subtype C V3 loops by correlating previously published psV neutralization measurements with dynamic 3D structural visualization of several carefully constructed V3 loop mutants. In order to do this, we needed a minimum of 2 Abs with crystallographically confirmed differences in their targeted V3 crown epitopes, so Abs 447-52D and 2219 were chosen, but we expect these results to apply generally to all V3 crown-targeted Abs.
Several recent studies have visualized snapshots of the 3D structure of the V3 loop by NMR and crystallography [15, 16, 25]. One common feature of mAbs 2219 and 447-52D is that both bind positions 12 to 14 of the V3 loop in an antiparallel β-sheet fashion. This result may be applicable to most broadly neutralizing anti-V3-loop antibodies, as their linear epitopes overlap, for the most part, at the N-terminal β-strand (positions 12 to 14) of the V3 loop (M. Gorny, personal communication). The β-strand at positions 12–14 of the V3 loop appears to be a common structural feature required for recognition and function of anti-V3 antibodies. Since this region makes mostly backbone (non-side-chain) contacts with the V3 antibodies, the protein backbone conformation of this region (i.e., α-helical, β-strand, etc.) is likely to influence anti-V3 antibody-mediated neutralization. We therefore examined this region carefully for backbone conformational differences between neutralization-resistant conC and neutralization-sensitive conB. ab initio peptide folding algorithms have previously been shown to be capable of predicting the flexibility and conformational preferences of the V3 loop crown, recapitulating crystallographic forms (See Supplementary Figure 1 in the Supplementary Material available online at doi:10.1155/2012/803535) and demonstrating that the V3 loop crown from positions 10 to 22 of the V3 loop behaves as an autonomously folded, but flexible, domain [18–20]. Folding a peptide identical in sequence to the conC V3 crown from positions 10 to 22 shows that the peptide backbone prefers a rigid, non-β-strand structure at positions 12 to 14 (Figure 2). In contrast, a peptide identical in sequence to amino acids 10–22 of the conB V3 crown backbone adopts a flexible conformation with clear β-strand character at positions 12 to 14 and overall a clear β-hairpin fold (Figure 2). The key positions in the conB sequence consistently adopt ϕ- angles typical of a Type II beta-hairpin at the V3 GPG sequence, while these are lost in conC. The rigidity and non-β-strand structure of the 12–14 V3 segment in the subtype C V3 crown may present an energetic barrier to peptide deformations required for antibody-mediated neutralization, specifically bending of the structure into and out of a neutralization relevant β-strand conformation. Thus, these results suggest the following epitope-independent structure-activity relationship: anti-V3-loop-antibody-mediated neutralization depends on a flexible β-strand at positions 12 to 14 in the V3 loop.
We began by focusing on the structural effects of mutations at the key positions 13 and 14 of the subtype C V3 loop by folding a series of V3 loop crowns with point mutations at these positions (Table 1). Position 12 was avoided because it is part of the neutralization epitope for 2219 and such mutants would therefore obviate a standardized assessment of the non-epitope-dependent effects across mutants. ab initio folding of conC mutated in the 14th position of the V3 loop from Ile to Met (I14M) mildly increased the flexibility of the V3 crown but retained a strong β-hairpin conformation. ab initio folding of an I14V conC mutant restored full flexibility and 2/3 β-strand character to this local region. Folding of I14L demonstrated a non-β strand, partly α-helical conformation. Interestingly, we previously demonstrated that α-helical conformations in this region are sufficiently disruptive to abolish infectivity of the virus [20], suggesting that I14L has the strongest resistance to antibodies in this dataset but may also be the least infective construct. I14F re-established two-thirds of the β-strand in the 12 to 14 region, but did not preserve a β-hairpin as the C-terminal strand of the V3 crown did not contact the N-terminal strand and the overall structure remained somewhat rigid.
Comparison of this folding data with neutralization data from in vitro chimeric psVs with the same mutations showed that loss of 2219 antibody-mediated neutralization correlated with the loss of both β-strand character and structural flexibility, while reduction of 2219 neutralization is associated with the loss of either factor independently (Table 1). As noted previously, all tested chimeric psVs from Table 1 preserve the key 2219 binding epitope side chains as a control feature, so increased resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization appears to correlate with loss of β-strand or β-hairpin conformation in the V3 loop and/or loss of structural flexibility at positions 12 to 14 in an epitope-independent manner.
Mutations anywhere in the V3 crown can affect the folding of the whole crown, and as such simulations were performed for mutations outside of positions 13 and 14. In silico mutations at positions 18 and 22 in conB did not alter the folding significantly (Table 1). A conC T19A in silico mutation did alter overall folding somewhat, resulting in partial restoration of flexibility and full restoration of β-strand character at 12–14. These results also correlated with the previously noted resistance of in vitro chimeric psVs to 2219 antibody-mediated neutralization, so changes outside the key Ab-targeted region can indirectly affect folding, and the observed effect is tertiary and not specifically dependent on any amino acid position.
When tested with 14 broadly neutralizing anti-V3 antibodies derived from donors infected with subtypes A and B, the conC chimeric psV was neutralization resistant to all of the mAbs to a much greater degree than the conB chimeric psV (Table 2). A non-V3 Ab—b12—did not show the same magnitude of effect. In the panel, 447-52D and 2219 are known to have distinct epitopes, and it is likely that many of the other mAbs have distinct epitopes as well. The common resistance of conC to all these different antibodies suggests an epitope-independent structural resistance to neutralization residing in the V3 loop.
The experimental results described here indicate that a significant fraction of the anti-V3 antibody-mediated neutralization resistance of the conC sequence maps directly to the antibody-binding domain of the V3 crown. Furthermore, the epitope-independent structural feature by which the subtype C V3 crown resists neutralization by a variety of anti-V3 antibodies appears to be a rigid N-terminal non-β-strand conformation at positions 12 to 14 of the V3 loop. This effect is exclusive of the more commonly observed mechanism of antibody escape, that is, mutations of key neutralization epitope side chains, such as R18Q for 447-52D which we have shown results in a distinguishable, antibody-specific resistance. The combination of the loss of key neutralization epitope amino acid side chains with rigidity or non-β-strand structure results in total resistance of the psV bearing these V3 loop properties to neutralization by the antibody in question. Since these are intrinsic features of the V3 loop sequences, this phenomenon would apply to circulating viruses bearing these properties in their V3 loops as well, specifically subtype C viruses. Our dissection of the effects of single V3 loop point mutations shows that the effects of each point mutation is complex, and the backbone effect is combinatorial to all of the V3 loop positions simultaneously. Thus, no single amino acid position is solely responsible for the conC structural phenomenon. The convergence of three completely independent sets of data—(1) known crystallographic structures of V3 peptides bound to antibody, (2) patterns of psV neutralization, and (3) validated ab initio folding simulations—strongly supports these conclusions.
Our observation suggests that a flexible, β-strand structure at positions 12 to 14 is required for anti-V3 antibody-mediated neutralization, and indeed this region is bound by many anti-V3 antibodies. Nevertheless, it cannot be concluded that antibody binding alone underlies this structure-activity relationship. Neutralization is a multistep process with antibody binding being only one step. One can imagine a rigid V3 loop crown shape that is perfectly complementary to an antibody-combining site and therefore binds the antibody in vitro, but the virus may nevertheless be neutralization resistant due to the effects of this selfsame rigidity at other steps in the neutralization process. For example, neutralization-relevant V3 loop interactions with several other surfaces of gp120 may be affected by the rigidity in the V3 loop crown. For this reason, it is possible that structural rigidity in the V3 loop crown may also influence neutralization by non-V3-targeted antibodies by inhibiting intermediate conformations involving the V3 loop in the series of conformational changes that likely comprise the overall neutralization process. Indeed, the conC psV exhibits mildly increased resistance to the non-V3 Ab b12 (Table 2).
The unique resistance of conC to a wide variety of subtype A and subtype B derived anti-V3 antibodies may be informed by the observation of low variability of the consensus C sequence in circulating subtype C strains [26]. If neutralization via the V3 loop is a strong selection pressure on circulating subtype C viruses, then infective V3 loop sequences harboring resistance to anti-V3-loop-antibody mediated neutralization might be observed at a higher rate and exhibit fewer escape mutations (vary less in sequence). As a corollary, subtype A and B derived anti-V3 antibodies may not be very effective as vaccine tools to combat subtype C, an observation that has previously been suggested for subtype B [27]. Different strategies for interrogation of subtype C infected HIV+ sera may be required to uncover novel, effective neutralizing antibody responses to this subtype. On the other hand, a diversity of V3 loop sequences are present in subtype C in addition to the dominant conC and conC-like sequences. It is unlikely that the effect we have observed is universal in subtype C, and some subtype C strains may exhibit V3 loop flexibility or encode compensatory changes in other parts of gp120 to afford efficient neutralization by anti-V3 antibodies.
The psV neutralization data correlates strongly with the results of the folding simulations. This correlation extends previous observations suggesting that the 12 β-hairpin residues (positions 10 to 22) of the V3 crown—including the currently known anti-V3 antibody combining sites—are sufficiently flexible in situ in the V3 loop to behave essentially as free peptides or as an autonomously folded subdomain [18–20]. Ab initio folding simulations of the V3 loop crown may therefore visualize at low resolution the dynamic structural ensemble of some V3 loop crowns in silico, a potentially important high-throughput capability for mapping structure-(neutralization) activity relationships in the V3 loop crown. It should be noted that the identification of two properties that are more easily assessed in a dynamic ensemble of many conformations—secondary structure and rigidity—facilitated the comparative interpretation of our library of folding data. Observing the structural tendency at a very specific location—positions 12 to 14 in the V3 loop—also facilitated the study. More subtle and global structural patterns, including overall fold assignment and absolute energetic stability for the whole domain, may be more difficult to discern and assess across different foldings for the purpose of correlations with experiments.
The strong correlation of the psV neutralization measurements with observed structural features in the folding simulations also establishes the SF162 chimeric psV system as one that provides, even to fine resolution, a consistent virologic background across multiple experiments and V3 loop sequence variations. The combination of chimeric psV neutralization measurements with ab initio folding simulations allows detailed quantitative dynamic structure-neutralization activity relationships to be mapped out for the V3 loop. Such studies would be difficult with crystallography, which is low throughput and does not evaluate dynamic structure.
Antibody epitopes in the V3 loop may occur broadly in HIV-1 viruses, but antibodies appear to be limited in accessing these epitopes presumably due to the effects of "masking" glycans and nearby variable domains [17]. In this work, the comparison of neutralization tests with folding simulations may have revealed an obscure structural explanation for epitope-independent variations in antibody-mediated neutralization. The fact that some of the resistance to antibody-mediated neutralization maps directly to the antibody binding area of the V3 loop influences the view of masking: some of the observed masking of V3 loop epitopes may be intrinsic to the V3 loop itself and not due to outside factors such as glycans and the other variable loops of gp120, although both factors are likely operative to different degrees in any given strain. The approach described here could potentially be modified to "localize" the masking of the V3 loop epitope in primary HIV-1 isolates, at least to V3 loop or "outside-V3 loop" locations, by identifying anti-V3 loop antibody-resistant primary isolate sequences in which this "local masking" is present.
HIV-1 strains that evolve to partially mask receptor interacting surfaces in order to hide those vulnerable surfaces from the immune system trade a loss of infective efficiency for a gain in camouflage protection. The coincidence of determinants for infection (chemokine receptor binding surfaces) and immune detection (broadly neutralizing epitopes) in the V3 loop likely requires such a tradeoff for best viral fitness. Since a wide variety of anti-V3 antibodies appear to adhere to the antibody resistance mechanism described here, the work suggests that this tradeoff is accomplished in subtype C partly by the adoption of V3 loop structural shapes that are inefficient for both antibody-mediated neutralization and coreceptor binding, that is, rigid non-β-strand conformations. As the same viral mechanisms that produce this feature of the V3 loop beget the structural features of the other four variable loops, it is likely that the same tradeoff is exploited by viral evolution for functional regions of the V1/V2, V4, and V5-loops. If anti-variable loop antibodies play a significant enough role in the human protective response to circulating HIV-1 strains, the phenomenon we have described here may explain the concurrent diverging observations of decreased fitness (poorer receptor usage) and increased natural spread (successful immune evasion) in subtype C. Indeed, the recent identification of anti-V2 loop Abs as the only known inverse correlate of risk for HIV infection suggests that antibodies to variable loops indeed play a significant role in the human protective response from circulating HIV-1 strains [28].
In order to efficiently correlate 3D structure with neutralization patterns, the visualization of the dynamic conformational landscape of various mutants of the V3 loop crown in silico is needed. Interestingly, the identical sequence—V3MN—has been solved in complex with the two different antibodies and adopts different β-strand structures in the two different environments despite the identical sequence. These essentially represent biologically relevant snapshots of two conformations out of many in V3MN's dynamic conformational ensemble. We previously reported that a state-of-the-art Ab initio peptide folding algorithm could accurately reveal the conformational landscape and dynamic tertiary structure of the V3 loop crown by analyzing whether the two different forms of V3MN seen in the crystallographic structures were recapitulated [18]. ab initio folding of residues 10 to 22 of the V3 crown recapitulated the two forms and demonstrated the relationship between them (the 2219 form is the lower energy more prevalent form). Since the input to the folding is only the amino acid sequence, this algorithm can thus at least faintly visualize in silico the biologically relevant dynamic ensemble of any V3 loop crown sequence from position 10 to 22. This capability was later verified by an independent group [19]. This result also suggests that this portion of the V3 crown behaves similarly to an autonomously folded, free, unconstrained peptide, since the folding simulation used no constraints on the two stems of the peptide and the folding qualitatively recapitulated a form seen experimentally in the V3 loop in situ in gp120 [6]. Finally, this technology was used to engineer an α-helical V3 loop crown and demonstrate that it loses infectivity [20]. Ab initio folding of residues 10 to 22 of the V3 crown of all the psVs used in this study was thus used to evaluate the flexibility and conformational preferences of V3 loop crown structures in silico.
All folding simulations and analysis were performed with ICM software (MolSoft LLC, La Jolla, CA, USA) as previously described [21]. This algorithm has previously been shown to predict experimentally verified peptide structures up to 23 residues in length within the error accuracy limit [22]. As a starting point for each folding run, fully extended conformations of full-atom (including hydrogens) models of each indicated V3 loop crown sequence (positions 10–22) were generated. The total number of energy evaluations during the MC run was based on the number of free variables (number of free standard torsion angles). Each MC run took 2-3 hours of CPU time on a 3.00Ghz Dual-Core Intel Xeon Processor. The exact script for the foldings and all the folding data are available upon request from the corresponding author.
All the data on chimeric psV construction and neutralization assays were previously reported in the literature [14, 17], except those repeated for confirmation in this study or those in Table 2. In all cases, the same method was used. Briefly, each chimeric psV was constructed to contain a different V3 loop sequence grafted in to replace the V3 loop in the SF162 Env, where the V3 loop is relatively accessible ("unmasked") [17]. Thus, the observed differences in psV neutralization elicited by each mAb maps to differences in the V3 loop sequences. The V3 chimeric SF162 psVs were constructed with V3 mutations introduced as indicated in the text in the consensus subtype B or consensus subtype C V3 loop, or V3 chimeric SF162 psVs were constructed in which the SF162 V3 loop was replaced with the V3 loop consensus sequences from subtypes A1, B, C. The neutralization by mAbs 447-52D and 2219, as well as other Abs, of each of these psVs was assessed using methods previously described [23]. Briefly, neutralizing activity was determined with a single-cycle infectivity assay using psVs generated with the env-defective luciferase-expressing pNL4-3.Luc.R-E- plasmid v [24] pseudotyped with the SF162 V3 variants described above. The psVs were incubated with serial dilutions of mAbs for 1.5 hour at 37°C and then added to CD4+CCR5+U87 target cells plated in 96-well plates in the presence of polybrene (10mg/mL). After 24hrs, cells were refed with RPMI medium containing 10% FBS and 10μg/mL polybrene, followed by an additional 24–48hr incubation. Luciferase activity was determined 48–72hrs postinfection with a microtiter plate luminometer (HARTA, Inc.) using assay reagents from Promega, Inc. Geometric mean titers for 50% neutralization (GMT50) were determined by interpolation from neutralization curves and are averages of at least three independent assays.
The authors would like to thank Dr. Catarina Hioe, Dr. Abraham Pinter, and Dr. Jennifer Fuller for significant effort in editing the paper. Dr. Pinter is also responsible for contribution of the data in Table 2 and additional confirmatory experiments for previously published observations. The work was supported by grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (no. 38631), the NIH, including DP2 OD004631 (T. Cardozo), R01 AI084119 (T. Cardozo), AI36085 (S. Zolla-Pazner), HL59725 (S. Zolla-Pazner), and AI27742 (NYU Center for AIDS Research), the NSF, including no. 0333389 training support for D. Almond, and research funds from the Department of Veterans Affairs.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.

subset: commoncrawl


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So it's almost that time of year again with Huddersfield carnival right around the corner, despite losing £28,000 grant. This year will mark 30 years of Huddersfield Carnival and organisers are ready.
The event runs over two days each year however this year will not include many of the key crowd drawing events of the previous years due to the budget cuts.
Last year Huddersfield saw a 40,000 strong crowd but organisers are confident that was not be the last time.
Inspired by Caribbean culture the day is energetic fun and entertaining. From the artist to the food and the rich culture is openly celebrated and enjoyed by many.
Unfortunately the traditional carnival Royal show and the carnival J'ouvert procession will not be going ahead this year. Kicking off the two day event is the Friday Night Glow Parade. This events see performers parading in the dark with glow in the dark objects.
With explosive costume designs, infectious soca music and exquisite food its defiantly the carnival to be at this weekend
The main stage will be hosted by MTV base presenter MC Kat and see UK Soca artist such as DeeVine, Triniboi Joocie, Natia Daniels and many more
Throughout the day there will be Mas Bands, African drummers, steel pans a fun fair and much more.Below is the official line up.
Friday 10th July 2015
Friday Night "Glow Parade"
Saturday 11th July 2015
Carnival Parade finishing at St Georges square
Saturday 11th July 2015
Carnival After Party
The main stage line up:
12pm-12.30pm – Music by DJ Sensation
12.35pm-12.55pm – Fusion Girls Dance Group
12:55pm – 1.10pm – Crowd Competitions
1.15pm-1.25pm – M4gyver (reggae singer)
1.30pm-1.45pm – Gassed Dance Group
1.45pm-2pm – Jahrell and D.P (MC and rapper)
2.05pm-3.05pm – Jahmaica Live Music Reggae Band
3.10-3.20pm – DMF Break-dance Group
3.25pm-3.35pm – DeeVine (Soca artiste)
3.35pm-4pm – Sal Afro Drumming and Dance Group
4.05pm-4.10pm – Welcome speech by chairman and Mayor
4.15pm-6pm – Mas bands perform on stage
6.10pm-6.30pm – Triniboi Joocie (male soca artiste)
6.30pm-6.45pm – Natia Daniels (female soca artiste)
6.45pm-7.45pm – Tropical Storm (live music band)
7.45pm-7.55pm – guest performances by international artistes
7.55pm-8pm – closing remarks


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You likely won't be astonished to know that Facebook is the #1 online networking media platform utilized by most of the organizations. And why not, Facebook is the king among the titans of social media platform with a whopping 1.79 billion(Billion!) monthly active users and clearly dominates the web-based social networking channels.
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- Register for your free account and then set up a business page on Facebook. And keep on getting engaged with you customers. Try to know their needs and expectations and act according to that.
- Tell others of your presence on Facebook. Link the other social media channels also. Make your profile too strong to grab more attention.
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This is a reliable multi-threaded software that manages all the stuff and automates all marketing efforts that you will need in marketing.
Account Manager – It helps you to identify the active and the inactive users.
Event Manager – Create new events and manage them with multiple accounts.
Groups Manager – Send invitations to your friend for joining groups and can also send add requests to the groups and upload photos and messages in groups.
This will be fair to say that the use of the social media is damn important to have a strong root and to have your business goals fulfilled. And facebook should be your #1 priority because it will repay you back with endless profit if used in the proper way to get your business more achievement. As you would not get time for everything to be done manually. You need to have some automation tool that will let your job done easily.


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Duration: 3min 40sec Views: 10 743 Submitted: 2 years ago Submitted by:
Description: Busty babe Hanna Montada was naughty in public after midnight and this police office has every right to bring her into the station and book her. But, this lusty slut has a trick up her sleeve. She offers up her shaved pussy and calls it even.
Channel: Brazzers Network
Pornstars: Hanna Montada


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2013 Frankfort Ave, Louisville, KY 40206Request info Add to list
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Building Details:
2013 Frankfort Ave is a mixed-use property for lease in Louisville, KY.
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I've begun my trip report from my February 2007 Micato Stanley Wing safari to Africa and Tanzania. Thanks to the help of LyndaS and many others on this board, we were very well-prepared, perfectly packed, and had an absolutely incredible trip! Because I am a little, shall we say, verbose, and because I've decided to experiment with blogging, I am posting my report on e-blogger at:
The latest post shows up on top, so you have to read from the bottom up. I've only posted two entries so far but hope to work on it regularly.
I am also posting a selection of my 2,500(!) photos on flickr at:
I've uploaded photos from Nairobi, Amboseli, Tarangire, and Ngorongoro so far.
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by ibobi | Posted on Nov 20, 17 at 01:24 PM
- 1 AOL $ Passwords $ Reset Contact $ 1800~681 7208 $ AOL Tec*h ak47baba
- 2 East Africa (Tanzania) or South (Botswana) Middle June 2018
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- 4 Anyone been to Mashatu Game Reserve?
- 5 Dubai Dubai Airport Traffic to get to a hotel on time
- 6 South Africa in March
- 7 Flying from Seattle to Morocco
- 8 Safari Camera Lens - Follow Up Thread
- 9 Victoria Falls (Zimbabwe and Zambia) - Travel Report
- 10 Looking walking tour in Dar Es Salaam
- 11 11 days...Jordan and Israel ...help with itinerary
- 12 Is January a good time to visit Tanzania
- 13 Mara Safari in June - Camera Lens Recommendation
- 14 Any recent experiences with Ethiopian Air Coach
- 15 Israel Trip - Very Early Planning Stage
- 16 Three Days In Tel Aviv
- 17 help me to visit Morocco
- 18 9 days itinerary help and some other questions
- 19 Question about tours from Cape Town
- 20 Yes, we went to Sudan and we LOVED it! A Trip Report
- 21 Travelling to Nigeria for the first time
- 22 Morocco road condition
- 23 Africa – after 10 years of waiting – an amazing and wondrous journey.
- 24 Fraudulent Safari Operator
- 25 Travelling with Egypt Air with Umrah Visa.
Hausfrau's Micato Stanley Wing (Kenya / Tanzania) Trip Report
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Hi Hausfrau,
I am so excited to read more of your trip blog. I leave in 5 weeks for the same safari with Micato. Just got our bags yesterday! You took some absolutely beautiful pictures.
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Your pre-trip near disaster with the camera was a close one. Hope all your bad luck got fried along with the camera. Will check the pics next.
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Great photos, loved all the birds too, especially the "white bellied go-away bird!"
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grest photos!
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Just peeked at the first few photos and glanced at the blog, but thanks in advance! I will peruse more carefully this weekend. Glad you had a great trip and welcome home.
(And, yes, LyndaS is very helpful.Can you believe the work that went into the trip report index???)
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Thanks for all the great feedback so far. Entry #3 is up, so we are finally IN Africa!
jfram, I am motivated to get this done BEFORE you leave on your safari!
atravelynn, fortunately the rest of our trip was relatively trauma-free for the 4 of us at least, but there WILL be a couple of exciting stories!
moremiles, the go-away bird is named for its call, which apparently sounds like "go away, go away" although unfortunately we didn't get to hear it.
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just read your new post on blog. Tonnie kaguathi is fabulous!! hope you loved him as much as my family did. have actually continued relationship with him since trip. his wife is also as nice as can be!!
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Jessica- I was so happy to see this! I have printed out what you have, and will read as my bedtime reading tonight! And, I have looked at the Nairobi pictures - wow, they are fabulous!!!
Leely, thanks so much for such a nice compliment! I am really far behind on it at the moment but I have been faithfully printing out any trip reports that have been posted! And, I will indeed get caught up someday!
jfram - if you would like to read a very detailed report from our incredible Stanley Wing trip from last May/June, here is the link -
5 weeks would put you there at approximately the same time as us last year!
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Hi Lynda, good to hear from you and hope your trip prep is going well! Glad you like the pictures so far. I keep forgetting to tell you that I told Jane Pinto about your packing list and I really think you should send it to Micato. Their list is a good starting point but yours is so much more useful.
aowens, yes, Tonnie is fabulous! He was so funny and knowledgeable. He told us he has other friends in Michigan (our permanent home) so maybe someday we will get to see him in the U.S.!
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hi hausfrau,
you do get about don't you!
great report,
regards, ann
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Great selection of photos. The crater sunset was a beautiful start and so were some of the other sunset shots. Those baby wildebeest are adorable. You have one giraffe shot that looks snake-like. Your pictures give a good feel for the whole safari experience.
Nice variety of impala. The dik dik walking down the road was precious.
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Just finished reading your latest installment! You give such detail, I feel like I am there with you. Looking forward to more! I do have a quick question, since you were on the same tour as I will be going on shortly. What was your experience as far as whether your carry on's are included in the 33lb limit? LyndaS mentioned in her trip report that they were not included, Micato says they are.
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Hi jfram, so glad you are enjoying my report! I took Sunday off but will get back at it this week.
I too was concerned about whether they weighed the carryons because I always carried my camera, lenses, and various small items in my backpack, so that was easily another 8-10 pounds. They NEVER weighed our carryons, and in fact our baggage weight was never an issue on the entire trip - even though several people openly admitted that their bags were overweight. One time we flew a 12-passenger Cessna Caravan and one member of our group had to sit in the co-pilot's seat (because we were 13 with our guide), and even then weight wasn't an issue. Go figure!
At our dinner with Jane Pinto, someone actually asked in front of the whole group (and of course we ran the gamut of shapes and sizes) why they didn't take the weight of the people themselves into account!
I think it's a good idea to give yourself a couple pounds of leeway in your duffel, and make sure your carryon doesn't look overly stuffed.
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hausfrau - Tonnie has been trying to come visit for several years, but has not been able to get a visa. his wife has family over here so she comes about every other year, but his visa is denied every time. i think the government is scared he will stay because he is smart and educated and his wife has family over here. whatever the case he has not been able to get a visa and has tried every year for the last several. I will be seeing him again next june. i will be sure and let him know he is remembered fondly.
Secondly - i would like to say something about the whole weight issue. We too had a 33 pound weight limit. Somewhere along the way (i think it was at the Ngorongoro crater) someone in our group told several others that we no longer had to worry about the weight because it was all charter flights from there on out. This couple proceeded to "load up" on souvenirs and many of them were very heavy wood carvings and shields etc. The next day we had an equipment change to a smaller plane. We had an aborted take off due to birds flying on the runway. fortunately this probably burned off just enough fuel and weight. When we took off the next time we had big stall warnings on takeoff (about 15 feet off the ground) and 2 people on board that fly and know about such things were extremely upset. Our pilot also had a bit to say after we landed. It could have been a very bad situation and all because some didn't understand the point of the baggage limit. Our personal experience on this particular trip was our bags were only weighed in Nairobi and not at any of the smaller airstrips, and our carry-ons were not ever included in the weight, but just do your best to keep your weight below the limit to compensate for idiots out there that don't seem to understand that under normal circumstances all will be fine, but if there is and unexpected glitch or equipment change it can be a huge problem. If the plane stalls on takeoff and crashes - it won't really matter what you packed. Sorry to sound so morbid, but it was a very scary situation.
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I forgot to say hi, ann. Yes, it probably looks like all we do is travel, but DH does in fact have a job. We are just taking advantage of his comp and vacation time to take every opportunity to travel while we are in Germany!
atravelynn, so glad you like my photos! The new Canon was an improvement on the one I fried, so in the end I was really pleased that I had it. It has a much larger screen, so at the end of each day I was able to show the group some of my pictures. I used a 70-300 zoom with image stabilization for most of the animal shots and just LOVE that lens. More to come!
aowens, I didn't know about Tonnie's visa problems. That is really too bad. Our group loved him and it would be wonderful if he could come to the U.S. someday - I'll bet he could travel around the country being wined and dined by all of his satisfied customers.
On the weight issue, I agree with you 100%. My brother is a private jet pilot, so I definitely understand how important weight is, especially on the smaller planes. Obviously the fact that most of the flights are charters is irrelevant. I was really surprised that it was never an issue on our trip. We were personally careful not to buy much in the way of heavy items along the way and no one in our group was a big shopper, but I was surprised that the baggage was never weighed after we left Nairobi. I suppose they know at that point how much the group weighs as a whole, so unless you are way overweight to begin with, they don't see it as being a problem. Anyway, what a scary experience for you. I'm not all that keen on small planes, and I would have been extremely upset if something like that had happened to us!
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Thanks Hausfrau and aowens on the weight issue. I too am not crazy about small planes so I will still plan on keeping within the weight limit. Even if it's only to make up for the other people who go way over. Right now in my first 'practice' pack, our check on duffle bags each weigh about 24 pounds.
By the way Hausfrau, I finally got my husband on this website so that he could read your trip report. He as well was very impressed with your writings.
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Hi guys - I'd just like to 'weigh in" on the baggage issue.
Our carry on was never weighed, but it is important to remember that whatever you carry on will more than likely sit on your lap on most of the flights, so you must be careful with the size and the weight. Not very often did most people's fit under the seat,ours did, as it was small enough. Two people on our trip took 22" rollaboards - which did not work at all. On most flights those sat in the aisle and that is not too safe, on one flight they actually had to hold them on their laps for the 2 hrs.
Ann, you are so right about the weight, it is really important to watch it. Ou son is a pilot and he continually mentioned to me the importance of keeping within the weight limits on those small planes. I can't recall for sure, but I think he told me once it was especially important in Africa, he either said the altitude or the heat, can't remember which, I just remember him telling me about an incident in Las Vegas on their 'class trip' during his commercial pilots course.
In the end, I knew our bag was a couple pounds overweight, but as we went through our trip I was dropping a few pounds from giving out the items I had bought for drivers & their families. Mind you I think I might have replaced that weight with my one purchase during the trip of the Maasai blankets.
But, anyhow, here's my real point of posting - we were indeed weighed throughout the trip. We were seriously overweight on the first one from Nairobi to Amboseli on a regular Air Kenya flight(or Kenya Air, whichever is the domestic one) - apparantly over by 35 lbs total if I recall. And, one guy didn't even have his luggage yet (courtesy of KLM). Our director sorted it outsomehow, but I am not sure how. Rumour has it that because the flight was no where near full, they let us go.
Daniel, our director continually asked us to please not buy very much until we were back in Nairobi, and I believe that most of us kept to that.
Aware that we were continually overweight, in the Mara, Daniel asked us on the last morning for each couple to pack into one bag only for the rest of the flights. We all did that, which was great, but as we still had in essense two bags (each couple) to get back to Nairobi, it was still a problem when we were flying from the Maasai Mara back to Nairobi. It was a small plane and the pilot was furious, and made this known to us. He ended up putting some bags in the aisle for even weight distribution, instead of the hold in the back, which he said was OK for safety of the plane taking off, but he was still furious as it is not a great way to fly. Once in Nairobi, while at Wilson Airport, Daniel gave the bag that each couple didn't need and had Micato take them back to the hotel for us, and we would see the bag of course, at the end of the trip.
This time I will not even be 1 lb overweight (I believe we were 5lbs overweight between the two of us last time) when we go as I see the trouble it causes. It's a weight limit put there for our safety. And, on a group trip, we may have the luxury of having the bags weighed together, but that doesn't help when all, or most are overweight (in the bags, not personally). One person told me she brought about 6 books with her as she is an avid reader and she left them behind as she finished (and she really did read at least three on that trip), but that doesn't help the weight on the first flights. Another couple, as a matter of fact the family of three, each brought wet suits. Wet suits? Whatever for we wondered (we found out later when we saw them swimming in the pool in the Serengeti but it still didn't explain the 'need' for them), and we could imagine how much those weighed. Another lady told me her make up alone must have weighed 10 lbs, but we all hoped she was kidding....
I have laid out all of my 'things' (other than clothes) so far this year, by following my new 'revised' packing list to the T, and I am constantly amazed whenever I walk by the table at how it only takes up 1/4 of the space on the table this year - last year it took up at least 1/2 if not 3/4. There really was a few things that I took that were not needed! And, the quantity of some of them is way different - as in shampoo, conditioner, OTC medications, sun & bug stuff, etc. Even antiseptic hand wipes, I didn't use half as many as I took last year, so this year I only took 1/2 the quantity. I'm not fussy on shampoo, and each lodge & camp has it as an amenity, so I packed only one small travel size (freed from some hotel or other over the years) shampoo, in case one doesn't have, or I need extra one day. Bug repellent, same thing, I have only packed a few of the Raid travel packages, as most lodges had some as an amenity.
Many of the veterans on this board 'told me so' and I didn't listen, thinking I needed this or that. And they were so right - I didn't need! (except the tiny stapler, that is packed again!)
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Oh, hausfrau, after all that I forgot to tell you how much I LOVED your first day blog in Nairobi - it is truly amzazing what you wrote - it paints such a great picture! And brings back such good memories!
And I loved the way you interspersed pictures in the report, I see you take the same kind of 'out of the window' culture and people shots as I do!
Kudos to you - this is great!
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Am enjoying reading your trip installments. I too like the photos interspresed with the text.
Lynda S.--did you mean that the three people on your tour wore wet suits in the swimming pool? Just when you think you've heard everything . . .
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cw - I am totally serious, yes. Everyone's mouth just fell open when we saw them in the pool, the rest of us all looked at each and said 'no wonder we were overweight'. None of us asked why though, so we can only imagine!
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Hello all, the next post is up on my blog - our first day actually ON SAFARI!!
Lynda, I CANNOT believe that about the wetsuits. If anyone in our group had done something like that, they would have gotten a serious talking to by certain members of our group!
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Our second day in Amboseli is up on my blog along with a few pictures. Next up: Tarangire.
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I'll be headed to Amboseli (via the blog) shortly.
I cannot imagine full wetsuits but I can imagine taking a light skin for cold water. I've taken one to hotels when swimming (with young kids) was a must. Without it, I'd be shivering to the point of feeling ill.
Personally, I just skip the pool in Africa rather than tote the snorkel gear.
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Your choice and placement of pictures really makes your blog come alive. I loved the running zebras and you excel at sunsets (or rises.)
So your Maasai guide and husband never did settle on how many cows you are worth!
The first sighting of a watering male ele does make an impression.
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Great baboon portrait in today's installment!
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baboon and starling portraits are great just as the text! added any new pictures on flickr? thanks.
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Hausfrau, I am so enjoying your trip installments. Anxiously awaiting your next, but have a quick question. Since you were on the same exact safari I am leaving on shortly, did most of the lodges/camps have hairdryers? I don't know whether I should throw my mini travel one in or not.
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Honestly, I thik that baboon knew he was posing for me. No new pictures yet, but I'll get there eventually!
jfram, I am fairly certain that most of the lodges either had hairdryers in the rooms or you could borrow one from the front desk. Kichwa Tembo (the tented camp) had a nice restroom in the main building with hairdryer "stations". My MIL was concerned about not having a hairdryer. She ended up not bringing one and was fine. A couple of women on our trip who normally worried quite a bit about their hair seemed to worry less about it as the trip went on; we were all pretty casual and so comfortable with each other by the end of the trip that we didn't really care what our hair looked like!
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I've now moved on to Tarangire!
Please keep in mind that there are LOTS more photos on my flickr site (see link at top of this post). The photos are arranged in folders on the right-hand side of the page. The best (largest) way to view them is to click on the folder name, then select "View as Slideshow." You can either click through by hand or set it to whatever speed you prefer. (Unfortunately this leaves off the captions, which can only be seen by clicking on the individual photos.)
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This is a wonderful trip report!! What kind of camera did you use to take your photos? Your pictures came out terrific!! Let me know...I plan to buy the same one!
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What would you say the overall time from Amboseli to Tarangire by road was?
Interesting that you should mention dik dik and black backed jackals as some of your first Tarangire animals. The dik dik photo with the bright green brush is a striking little fellow. Some of my favorite dik dik and black backed jackal photos are from Tarangire.
That's a good description of the hyrax, a Tree Hyrax , a cross between a squirrel and a koala.
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alldaytravel, I used a Canon EOS 400D, which in the U.S. is called the Rebel XTi. I previously had a Canon Rebel XT and was planning to bring it until my little "accident" (see 2 February blog entry); the new model has a much larger screen and some improved menus but for the most part is very similar to the Rebel XT. I used a standard Canon 18-55 mm lens for landscapes and a Canon Ultrasonic 70-300 mm zoom with image stabilization for the wildlife shots.
atravelyn, I didn't note the driving time details, but we left Amboseli at 8 am sharp and I'm guessing we arrived at the Tarangire gate around 4 pm, followed by a 2-hour drive to the lodge. That includes crossing the border (probably an hour) and about an hour lunch stop.
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Bookmarking a great report! Looking forward to your Tarangire game drive and Ngorongoro.
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Thanks julianewoman! Tarangire to Ngorongoro is now up on my blog.
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Whew, sorry for the delay, but I think you will like the next post: Ngorongoro! This was an absolutely incredible day.
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Wonderful report. Thanks.
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Your crater day started with hyenas and ended with pizza. Where else but Africa?!
A wildebeest birth had to be outstanding.
I know what you mean by instinctively reacting to a predator when you shrunk from the lioness.
An outstanding crater outing.
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atravelynn, I just want to emphasize that the pizza was NOT my idea! Though I do admit to eating a slice.
Sorry for the delay guys, but you are going to have to wait a bit longer for the next installment...I'm off tomorrow for a one-week trip home to the States. I promise to get back on track when I return!
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Hausfrau -
My sister and I are going on the Stanley Wing in September. We anxiously await your next installment - it's like a preview of what's to come! Keep up the great work.
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Hey, Jessica, I'm back! Just checking to see if you had posted anymore.....
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Welcome back Lynda! You've guilted me into it - I am finally back to work on my trip report. By the way, I got an email from Renny a couple of days ago and he told me that you were on his safari!
I know it has been a long time coming (at least I left you hanging in a lovely place - Ngorongoro!), but you can now view the next installment on my blog: Ngorongoro to Serengeti. I have posted a few photos directly onto the blog as I have not yet updated my Flickr site yet. Enjoy!
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I am so glad, Hausfrau, that you're writing again; I was really a bit worried, and hoped you were OK - and just busy; I know too it is not an easy matter to put together an account that's as well written and illustrated as yours. I could just picture myself right there with you.
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What a wonderful installment Jessica! I can just see Renny pointing out the homo sapiens! He ws so funny! We were all very disapointed that Dniel couldn't go into Tanzania with us (new regulations), but once we met Renny all was well!! He called us 'Lynda and Jungle Jim' - the name really stuck. We had Steven as a driver - he was incredible too - and our paths kept crossing with Rodgers. He remembered us from last year, even though we didn't have him as a driver, (we had Bernard), he was driving one of the other two Land Cruisers with us.
I just adored Renny though - I really miss the way he says 'no,no,no,no,no' when he is answering in the negative! I mentioned you, but for the life of me, I couldn't remember whether Ann was the other person who had him last year from this board, or someone else. But he sure remembered you and your group! (all J's, he said, in the family....)
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jvnoledawg, thanks, glad you are enjoying it! You will have an awesome time on safari!
Jess, how sweet of you to be thinking of me. No worries, I have indeed been busy and it does take a lot of time to write these up. I'm just glad I took the time to take such good notes, otherwise I'd be lost!
Lynda, now I understand why we had two guides and you only had one last year. Renny did mention something about that. Yes, we were the four J's - it was pretty funny, but made it somewhat easier to remember us, I suppose! Renny is so funny - you probably heard that he spent several years in Japan, so we kept joking about his subtly Japanese mannerisms!
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Jeez, I forgot to mention (hold onto your hats) that I've got another post up! Yes, that's 2 post in 2 days! Our day in the Serengeti was unforgettable (OK, EVERY day was, but this one was particularly so!).
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And now my Serengeti photos are up on flickr:
Only 5 more days to go!
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I missed this before, don't know how! Thank you so much for sharing this with us!
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Tree climbing lions! Wow, I had forgot that they sometimes do that in the Serengeti - you were SO lucky!
That more than makes up for the leopards!
I too thought the food at the Sopa was good, but the service was slow. Pole, pole, you know - Africa time!
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Thanks for continuing. The photos are quite impressive. Love all your bird shots, quite a great jackal-in-the-grass pic and the lions in the trees are gorgeous. Too many good ones to name them all.
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Love, love, love the "elephants and palms" photo. Simply beautiful. So many others that are fantastic as well. January seems so far away. ::heavy sigh::
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Jessica, Good installments. What about the remaining days? Eric
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hausfrau, keep it coming.
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hey lynda - it wasn't me that had renny last year. we had kennedy and gus. both were great. ann
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Great pictures! What camera do you use? Baby hippo, lioness on tree, etc are really quite professional quality.
Looking to read your adventures in Kenya and beyond. Thank you.
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Thanks everyone for the continued motivational support! I promise to get my report finished soon. In fact I am on a deadline because I leave on Friday to visit the U.K. for 2 weeks.
julianewman, I used a Canon EOS 400D (called the Rebel XTi in the U.S.) with an 18-55 mm lens and a Canon Ultrasonic 70-300 mm zoom.
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OK, I am back in action. Our very full day from the Serengeti to Masai Mara is now up on my blog!
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Nice job. I liked the shot of the serengeti goodbye from air. You use a very good camera.
Come on now, finish it up
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Just wanted to thank you for another exceptional installment - both words and pictures. Better than a lot of professionals (although perhaps you are one, when you are not in the haus, Frau).
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very good installment and beautiful picture of mother and child. with the storm y'all had a real safari experience!
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Jessica, what a wonderful segment of your trip, I enjoyed every word of it! The three planes day brought back many memories - I have a picture of one of our safari mates in those oversized overstuffed chairs - she looks like Alice In Wonderland!
And Kichwa Tembo - sigh! I miss it already! We ate at Bateleur Camp this year, and although the food was EXCELLENT, it didn't taste anything like those BBQ beef kabobs & grilled veggies! We had that same menu last year for our first lunch, I was looking forward to it this year! We did ask the chef over at Bateleur though to make the macadamia nut flan, and it was wonderful. Now, I thought I remembered from last year that it had whip cream or something, this year it was macadamia nuts and caramel in a pie shell - was it that way when you had it too?
I just remembered someone posted the recipe, I will have to put my thinking cap on to remember who posted that & where! I should make it for our Africa night GTG on July 7th!!
And the young doctor - I'll bet he's the same one that I saw last year about the rash on my arm - Just a baby!!! I made him go put on a white coat so I could see that he was really a doctor... He was so funny -
"Hmm, you seem to have a reaction to something"
"yes doctor", I said "but to what?"
"Oh, the sun, the food, the water, could be anything"
I had to go away chuckling, that was a lot of specific information! Anyhow I found out the hard way this year what it was - more in my report....
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lynda - i posted the recipe and have made it several times. it is yummy!! i added the whipped cream myself, bit i don't remember having that in africa. the recipe is posted in your trip report from last year if you want to look it up!! it is just as good as it was and always brings back fond memories!!
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here it is again:
Lynda - here is the recipe. i made it last week and it is as good as it was in Kichwa Tembo!! For the crust i cheated and used the pilsbury refrigerated and it was fine. i couldn't see wasting the time to make it from scratch! i couldn't wait that long, but i will include that part anyway. i have not converted those measurements.
125 G Unsalted Butter
1 1/2 C plain flour
1 whoe egg lightly beaten
50 g fine sugar
combine butter and sugar in bowl. beat with mixer til combined. pour in egg. beat til combined. stir in sifted flour - knead til smooth. comver and frig for 45 min. roll out and put in lined baking tin. trim and cover with greaseproof paper, fill with dry beans. bake in moderate over for 10 min - remove beans and paper and bake 3 more min.
9 oz macadamia nuts
7 oz fine sugar
1/2 cup cream
1 3/4 oz unsalted butter (about 1/2 stick)
combine butter and sugar in saucepan. stir constantly over med to low heat without boiling until sugar is dissolved . add remaining ingredients, bring to boil. remove from heat then pour into baked pastry and let cool for 10 min, Serve!!!
yum yum!
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Lynda- Every time you post even on someone else's thread people start replying to you!! You are one popular figure on this board.
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Well folks, it just ain't gonna happen. I leave today for 2 weeks in the U.K. so I won't be posting any more installments until I get back. There's just 4 more days to go, and I PROMISE to make it a high priority when I return!
In the meantime, you'll all just have to hop on over to Lynda's trip report! Lynda, you'll probably embarrass me by finishing your report before I finish mine!
Jess, thank you very much for the compliment. In my dream world I would love to become a "professional" writer so your kind words are very much appreciated!
I'm glad someone had that macadamia flan recipe! Chef George gave it to us but it's buried in my Africa stuff somewhere. Lynda, you should definitely make it for the GTG! I'm glad to hear we have similar fond and funny memories of Kichwa Tembo. I love that place!
Signing off for now. Everyone keep dreaming of Africa!
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Thanks Anne for the recipe, I should have remembered it was in my own thread! I am printing it off again and we will definitely have to do it for the GTG - I'll add whip cream too.
Thanks for such nice words julianewman, I appreciate that!
And Jessica, have a GREAT time in the UK and we will catch some more of your wonderful writing when you get back!
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So hausfrau's real name is Jessica. Looking forward to installments when you can.
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haurfrau, If this also is by you http://temporaryhausfrau.blogspot.com/ can you post expat related links at this thread? http://www.fodors.com/forums/threadselect.jsp?fid=2&tid=35020668. Someone pointed out expatica which is pretty good. Thanks.
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Hi lisa, I'll respond about expat stuff on your other thread.
To everyone else, I'm back from a great 2-week trip to the U.K. (it rained every day except our last day but we didn't let it dampen our spirits!) and will get back to my Africa report just as soon as I wade through all my email and laundry!
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hausfru- Tx for your emails. Eric Schubert
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Better late than never...
I've posted another entry on my blog, detailing our rather "interesting" balloon ride over the Mara and some more fascinating wildlife encounters. The Mara folder on my Flickr site now has photos from this day as well (starting after the "sky turning black" photo).
Enjoy! I am aiming to get the rest of my report finished this week.
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Baboon looks made up. You might want to skip the conversations in future repotrs. nice job.
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I don't know if it is the conversations, the failed balloon ride or hausfrau in a hurry but it reads different from previous installments. Photos are good though!
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The photos are nice indeed. Like the shot from the balloon above Mara. Mara light photo is very nice too. Chuckled to see the ketchup bottle in the middle of Africa! You appear to enjoy taking and posting animal mating pictures, what's Up with that!! Wjaht camera/lenses? Thanks.
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Let's just say it was a "different" day. The dialogue is there for me to remember the details and the people we were with. I have a few moments of our time stuck in the balloon basket on video, and that is pretty priceless! Animals mating...well, they did it all the time, and as a former ecology/animal behavior student, I found it all quite fascinating. Camera info is in my 4/29 post on this thread.
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Hey, if ya find animals mating fascinating!, you find it fascinating! No explanations needed. Thanks for the camera information because the landscape shots are outstanding.
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gt, finding animal mating interesting does Not mean interest in beastiality. HF, keep up the good work.
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Hello, Hausfrau,
I don't normally read Africa board threads but have read your Safari blog off and on partly because they come as close to professional writing as I have seen on Fodors. Impressive descriptions of animals and your experience which makes one feel almost as if one is there. Your choice and placement of pictures makes your blog come alive. You certainly have a flair for writing, and a very good understanding of the types of animals/birds (or you took copius notes). I actually like the people interaction descriptions so it doesn't become a dry monologue of scenary/animals. The failed balloon ride (hope you got some of your money back) is an adventure too, no? One that turned out to be safe
Photos.... Many of your shots are priceless. The ones on goodbye Serengeti, lioness in the tree, baboon portrait, Mara light, etc (so many I can't write'em all ). On the other hand, banana vendors and school kids photos are good reminders of poverty. Obviously something is not working. Have you looked at supporting any grass roots organization? I also wonder the impact of tourism on Masai/Mara culture (reference to the wigs or frequent visitors to someone's house). Hopefully, they haven't become stage actors out of necessity. I guess it is better than starving but still. hopefully, the Safari interface is just a tiny part of their lives.
Overall, this is the closest at least I have experienced a Safari. Having done a lo....ng report recently, I know the effort involved. So, thank you for your considerable time investment in keeping it all organized and posting it. My only suggestion: I have lost track of which day you are on so consider adding a day marker on your blog unless you are so close to the end that it doesn't matter.
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After Comfy's articulate post, I better say I agree with his summary and your blog is a great read.
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Comfy, thanks for your very nice compliments. This blog has been a labor of love and it is wonderful to hear that people enjoy reading it as much as I enjoy writing it.
You asked about the rampant poverty; that is a topic we returned to repeatedly over the course of our trip and we had some really good conversations with Tonnie about it. I'd like to put some thought into my response, so will write in more detail in a later post.
I am indeed almost done...my 3rd to last entry is now up on the blog, and photos will be available later today on Flickr.
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Better installment. Reading Comfy and Julia's reasoned comments I wanted to add the animals comment was tongue-in-cheek and not what OP's friend concluded that I implied. Thanks.
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gone traveling, no offense taken!
Comfy, what a contrast: there we were, driving around in air-conditioned buses and fancy SUVs, staying in gorgeous hotels with 4-course gourmet meals, while staring abject poverty in the face wherever we went. Safari tourism is obviously an important part of the East African economy, but you are right, something is not working. Tonnie indicated that there's a lot of government graft and corruption, but that can't explain all of it.
As for the culture clash, a billboard in Nairobi said it all: 4 Maasai men in traditional garb, and it was a cell phone ad! I wonder what it is like for the Maasai to live this dual life, and what it bodes for the long-term survival of their culture. Perhaps the fact that their culture has become a means of economic gain will help to ensure that some semblance of it survives. Certainly I would rather live in the Maasai boma we visited in the Mara than the slum we saw in Nairobi. (So what drives people into the cities to live in those horrid conditions?)
As for the question of how we can help - it is difficult to know where your money can best be put to use. Should we support the school? The weavers project? I'll describe some of Micato's efforts in my final blog entry...
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Thoughtful response, Hausfrau. Myriad reasons behind poverty in East Africa such growing cash crops dependent on weather, dictatorships, corruption, tribal fighting, unfettered population growth, climate change, dirty water, etc etc. Migration to urban centers is pretty typical in third world countries where, occasionally, you simply can't sustain yourself in rural region.
If you haven't already, consider reading Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond or renting a PBS series with the same title. It contrasts western and eastern culture evolution rather nicely, and basically says there are equally smart/suave people in every culture, it is just that the conditions around them enhance or diminish their potential.
Culture change is inevitable, I think. All societies have gone through it, and Maasai have and will too. You guys may be the lucky ones to do a safari while the Maasai elders weren't already using an iPhone. I know I want one
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Stumbled on to your report and read it all in one seating. You give extensive details and I feel I am there with you! Finish up the last two days. Thanks.
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Great report! Noting Lynda's well deserved success, have you thought of submitting this to a travel magazine?
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very good installment and those pygmy hippos look comfortable! Tx for your efforts to post this.
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Comfy, Guns, Germs and Steel is on my bookshelf. I have not read the whole book but I'm very familiar with the thesis.
amytravela, thanks! I'm almost there!
julianewman, I just might if I could figure out how to chop it down to a reasonably sized piece...Lynda is very lucky that she got her whole report published!
So....2nd to last post is now up! Not too many pictures this day but I will upload them tomorrow.
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Good installment! Must be good to be close to being done. Good luck with publishing.
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impressive trophy room. who is taller: reticulated or maasai giraffe? morani shot is cute. is she sleeping? Tx again.
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Good installment. Isn't it nice that we bond with people on safaris and that IS one of the highlights of the trip? Curious to know if you did the AmericaShare project on the last day or just relaxed in Nairobi. What are the highs and lows of your entire experience? Thanks again one last time.
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First post for me. I wanted to say that I have been enjoying your reports when I can find time. The descriptions were very helpful in helping us decide if a safari is a must when we visit Africa next year. Thanks!
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Drum roll please...
This is it folks, the final installment of the Elephant Express is finished! It took me just a TEENY bit longer than planned. I have to say that writing the last entry was the hardest. Thanks for sticking it out with me. Photos are on Flickr too. Special thanks to LyndaS for inspiring me in so many ways!
schuba - I don't know who the tallest giraffe is, I'm afraid. And yes, Morani slept through most of our visit!
amytravela, we didn't officially sign up for the AmericaShare program but requested to visit the slum and orphanage on our last day. It was an experience I will never forget.
chloejonah, glad you enjoyed my report; good luck with your safari decisions!
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Thanks! I enjoyed your report.
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Jessica, this was just incredible - thankyou SO much for all of the pleasant memories (times 2 now!) you brought forward.
You really are an INCREDIBLE writer, and someday I hope we can meet in person. It's a sad day for me today, our 14 yr old Sheltie, Tequilla, just passed on this morning, (old age related) but reading your final installment was just what the doctor ordered.
Thanks so much again, I will be in touch via remail after this terrible empty feeling fades.
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Jeesica- Thanks for your effort. You are not only not a fan of bestiality -Geez Schuba- but write well! Good luck with future travel writing.
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J, Good last installment. Thanks! And thanks for all emails etc too. Eric
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Liked your report but I must say that the last day is as a good reminder of how yuppies live their lives. Morning in a slum lamenting on poverty and evening in a restaurant not getting impressed with the cooked alligator!
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Lynda, I am so very sorry for your loss. I have had dogs all my life and my Australian Shepherd Cody is my constant companion here in Germany, so I understand completely what you must be going through. It is important to remember that Tequilla had a long and happy life and has gone on to a better place. Thank you again for your kind words about my report; I look forward to hearing from you again soon.
Marija, gone traveling, and schuba, thanks as well for your kind remarks!
marthastewart (I find your screen name fascinating, given the nature of your comment), the contrast between the slum and the restaurant (complete with luxury cars parked out front) was not lost on me at all. Perhaps you missed that in my commentary.
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Hausfrau, Very nice description of the final day! Specially liked the second to last para. Consider publishing your report.
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I did not miss anything in your commentary. That's what I found odd. Morning in a slum lamenting on poverty to giving meaningless gifts to not finding succulent enough croc dishes! Tell us how the safari impacted you besides 2,500(!) photos.
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My Dear Martha, Don't be tense all the time because it makes you disobey the cardinal rule of Fodors politeness "unless you have something nice to say, better not say it". Learn from others in this thread such as Lynda and Comfy. Hausfrau didn't have to post but she did. Applaud her for her time investment.
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Hausfrau, thanks so much for writing this report and including your beautiful pictures. I really enjoyed it. I'm sure you know that despite the odd negative post, most of us here really appreciate the time and effort you took to share your experience with us. Thank you!
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Last post on the thread. I did not mean to be too negative but the fact is I was irked along the way by some of the posts including those on UK that sounded I am oh so cool and need- attention and then the last day just did my head in! Contrast with Lynda's that are full of mature discussions. But whatever! No more posts here.
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Comfy, MyDogKyle, toffeecrisp: thank you!
martha, did I wrong you in another life? As you seem to be new to this forum, I will forgive you jumping to conclusions about my personality. I apologize if my treatment of this sensitive subject has somehow insulted you. I did my best over the course of our trip to come to terms with the fact that I was a rich tourist traveling in a Third World country. I tried to make my report balanced but kept it light-hearted, as this is a travel forum, not a political discussion. Everyone makes their own choices in life; half of our safari group chose not to visit the slum, but I didn't jump down their throats about it.
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Hausfrau, I'm trying to catch up with trip reports before becoming too busy and I've just finished reading yours. Thanks for sharing your professional quality writing and photography, and most of all, thanks for your photo of topis making more topis. Could there be a more laudable pursuit?
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hausfrau, I too forgot to read your last day. What a nice description. Nyamera, Linda and Comfy are correct. This is the best trip report on a safari.
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Thank you, thank you, thank you! We are now just 29 days, 20 hours, 40 minutes and 25 seconds from our flight to Nairobi for the Stanley Wing Safari. Having read every bit of your report, I just CAN'T WAIT TO GET STARTED! Jessica, a wonderful blog, and I hope I can have HALF the experience you did!
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Nyamera, thanks - you are absolutely right about the topis!
julianewman, you are too kind!
Joe, I am pleased that I was able to get you hyped up for Africa (just as Lynda's report did for me last year!). You are going to have an INCREDIBLE time! If you happen to have Tonnie and/or Renny as your guides or Rodgers as your driver (in Tanzania), please say hi to them for me.
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Kelly's Auto Body Centralia
Review for Kelly's Auto Body Centralia
Larr T. on 10/18/2012
Spoke with Linda. She said everything was good and the customer service was good, but her vehicle was ready a day late and they did not say why. She said it really messed her up because she needed her vehicle.
Category: Collision
Service Date: 09/17/2012
Review Created: 10/18/2012
This review was collected via phone interview by Customer Research Inc.


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DAILYKENN.com -- Psychosis is the denial of reality.
That was made evident when a woman in Germany decided imagined racism is worse than real rape.
The 24-year-old woman in Germany was recently raped by Islamic insurgents. The woman who was identified as Selin G wrote a letter thanking the rapists.
She is a national spokesperson for "Left Youth Solid" in Germany.
She is delusional.
Selin G filed a complaint with police, but later apologized to the "refugees" because her complaint could result in racism.
The crime occurred Jan. 27, 2016 in a park in Mannheim. A letter of apology was posted on Selin G's Facebook page Jan. 30.
Below is a rough translation from German of her message to her rapists:
I'm so incredibly sorry! Almost a year ago I saw the hell you fled from
I was not directly in the fire, but I have visited the people in the refugee camps in South Kurdistan. I've seen old grandmothers who have to worry about too many parentless children.
I have seen the eyes of these children, some have not lost their lights. But I have also seen the children whose eyes were empty and traumatizing. I have seen about 20 Ezidischen children have in their math classes were shown Arabic characters and still remember how a little girl started to cry, just because a chair fell over.
I have seen a hint of the hell from which you fled.
I did not see what before your grueling flight.
I am glad and happy that you made it here, that you could leave the IS and its war behind you, and were not drowned in the Mediterranean.
I wanted an open, friendly Europe, a friendly. One, in which I can enjoy living and one in which we are both safe.
I'm so sorry.
For both of us I'm so incredibly sorry. You, you're not sure, because we live in a racist society.
I, I'm not sure, because we live in a sexist society.
But what I'm really sorry about is the fact that the sexist and cross-border actions that were done to me only contribute to the fact that you always increasing and exposed to aggressive racism.
I promise you, I'll scream. I will not allow it to happen again. I will not stand idly by and let it happen, that racists citizens identify you as the problem.
You are not the problem. You are not a problem.
You are usually a wonderful person who deserves it as much as anyone to be safe and free.
Thank you - and nice that you're here.
Probably due to public pressure, the 24-year-old has since deleted the post, but there are screenshots of her apology to the rapists that are still circulating in various Internet forums.
See the original text in German here ►
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text:
Project Beauty Share® serves women who are "invisible" or have been marginalized in our community. They are the women who need help. Many have been displaced, have escaped violent situations, or simply fell down without anyone to help to get back up.
In order for Project Beauty Share® to distribute cosmetics and/or feminine hygiene products to the most women, donations are made directly to local shelters, homes, and organizations.
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Welcome to Baptist Board, a friendly forum to discuss the Baptist Faith in a friendly surrounding.
Your voice is missing! You will need to register to get access to all the features that our community has to offer.
We hope to see you as a part of our community soon and God Bless!
Did the Apsotles record doem exactly what was said, or the Gist of it?
Discussion in 'Bible Versions & Translations' started by Yeshua1, Dec 28, 2013.


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The WPPA Wins Major Appeal On Ability Of Police To Bargain Share Of Insurance Deductibles
On October 25, 2012, for the second time in less than a week, the WPPA's in-house legal staff achieved another major appeal victory overturning a recent decision by the Wisconsin Employment Relations Commission (WERC). This latest ruling confirms that Wisconsin's new collective bargaining laws allow public safety employees to negotiate with their employers over the share or allocation of costs of a health insurance plan's deductibles. Given the importance of this issue to law enforcement officers and their families, the impact of this latest litigation triumph stands to be very far-reaching.
Until the enactments of the "budget repair bill" and "state budget bill" in 2011 (Acts 10 and 32, respectively), all public employees had the ability to bargain over every … Continue reading


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Graveside services for Robert Rainwater, 68, of Lubbock will be today in the City of Lubbock Cemetery under the direction of Brock's South Plains Funeral Directors.
He died Sunday, March 26, 2000.
He was born Oct. 30, 1931, in Hockley County. He was a Veteran of the Korean Conflict. He was self-employed as a carpenter and he lifetime resident of Lubbock.
Survivors include a son, Freddie of Slaton; two daughters, Linda Harrington of Sulphur Springs, and Beth Brumfield of Duncan, Okla.; and seven grandchildren.
© 2017. All Rights Reserved. | Contact Us


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OK, so I'm going to go on record that I believe the alleged Apple iSlate/tablet will actually be quite successful.
Here's why:
Before Apple's laptops had taken over the notebook category, there were users who had great desktops, with crappy notebooks they toted around. As the expected-quality grew for notebooks, because of Apple's great PowerBooks, then MacBooks, large quantities of consumers began simply paying the single price for a great notebook.
Oh, there's been mobile tablet PC's for a while, but the segment isn't real until Apple makes something for it.
I propose that we'll see a return to the SOP of having a great desktop at home, with an affordable netbook or tablet in tote. Yes, the Apple version will top off the scale with a Grover Cleveland, but there will be a wide variety of alternate tablets, some sporting Linux and Android, and a few cursed with the latest crap from Redmond.
But the point is that Apple will once again choose the direction of travel.


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An important milestone in the journey of faith is the day that we begin receiving the Lord's Supper. While the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America recognizes that baptism is the entrance to the Lord's Table, traditionally, most Lutherans have expected a person to receive instruction before joining in the Lord's Supper. At Grace Lutheran Church, parents are free to determine when their child is ready for this step in their faith life. Most children begin to receive communion around the time they are in second grade, although some join sooner and others later.
Each fall, and occasionally in the spring, First Communion classes are offered for children who are preparing to participate in Holy Communion. Class consists of three 90 minute sessions on Saturday mornings. These classes are normally taught by Pastor Martha. The class material and teaching style is designed to include students who are approximately 5- 12 years of age.
This class is especially designed for children in grades 2-6 who have not already participated in a class.


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text: Dr. Rami E Lutfi, MD, FACS performs laparoscopic placement of a LapBand over a failed open gastric bypass performed 10 years prior. Laparoscopic entry, lysis of adhesions, and hiatal dissection with the discovery and repair of a hiatal hernia are illustrated. Gastric pouch is defined, and the band placed high, well above the gastro-esophageal junction to avoid the need to "wrap it" with the gastric remnant as it was severely adherent to the spleen


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Prep Time
Cook Time
Total Time
English cucumbers are ideal for these bright-tasting, bread-free sandwiches because they have fewer seeds than other varieties. To send this in a school lunch, pack the tuna and cucumber slices separately and let the kids assemble the sandwiches themselves.
- 3 tablespoon mayonnaise or vegan mayonnaise
- Grated zest of 2 lemons
- 1 1/2 teaspoon fresh lemon juice
- 1/2 teaspoon salt
- 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground black pepper
- 2 tablespoon chopped bread-and-butter pickles
- 2 5-ounce cans tuna in water, drained
- 1 to 2 English cucumbers, peeled and sliced ¼ inch thick
Step 1:
- In a small bowl, add the mayonnaise, lemon zest, lemon juice, salt, pepper, and pickles. Stir to combine.
Step 2:
- Add the tuna, and combine with the lemon dressing. Taste, and adjust the seasonings, if needed.
Step 3:
- Assemble the cucumber sandwiches: Spread 1 tablespoon of tuna salad in the middle of 1 cucumber slice and top with a second slice. Repeat with the remaining cucumber slices until all of the tuna has been used. Serve.
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Over 200 Brazilians and Europeans were on an Air France flight lost over the Atlantic.Paris -- Seventy-three French, 58 Brazilians, and 26 Germans were among the 228 people of 32 nationalities on an Air France flight feared lost over the Atlantic, officials said Monday.
The updated breakdown was given by French Environment Minister Jean-Louis Borloo and confirmed by Air France, which said the Rio de Janeiro-Paris flight likely went down after a storm that caused an electrical fault.
The airline said the Airbus A330 had on board 126 men, 82 women, seven children and one baby. The French crew was made up of 12 members, including nine cabin crew, it added.
An earlier statement gave a different breakdown of passengers, which may be due to many Brazilians having two passports.
The latest Air France breakdown said nine Chinese, nine Italians, five Britons, six Swiss, five Lebanese, four Hungarians and three Irish were among the missing.
French tyre manufacturer Michelin said three of its executives -- including its South America president Luiz Roberto Anastacio, who is Brazilian -- were on the flight.
French bank BNP Paribas denied rumours that one of its senior executives was on board.
AFP / Expatica


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