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CBD Fights Back: Lawsuit Filed Against DEARead More
by DJ Reetz
A lawsuit filed on January 13, 2017 aims to push back against a recent DEA decision to create a separate tracking number for "marihuana extracts" under the Controlled Substances Act, effectively codifying all cannabinoids derived from marijuana or hemp as Schedule I controlled substances. The lawsuit was filed by the Hoban Law Group in the federal 9th Circuit Court of Appeals in San Francisco on the same day the new ruling was set to take effect, and seeks judicial review of the decision, claiming that the DEA has overstepped their authority in adding this definition of "marihuana extract" to the controlled substance schedule without following proper procedures to do so as outlined in the CSA. Serving as plaintiffs in the lawsuit are the Hemp Industries Association, Centura Natural Foods, and RMH Holdings.
The DEA's announcement in the federal registry published on December 14, 2016 raised concerns amongst many in the cannabis industry that the DEA would begin to target producers and distributors of hemp-derived CBD, which would fall under the definition of "an extract containing one or more cannabinoids that has been derived from any plant of the genus Cannabis" outlined in the DEA's final ruling.
"This is an action beyond the DEA's authority. This final rule serves to threaten hundreds, if not thousands, of growing businesses, with massive economic and industry expansion opportunities, all of which conduct lawful business compliant with existing policy as it is understood and in reliance upon the federal government," said Hoban Law Group Managing Partner Robert Hoban in a press release.
The DEA has claimed that the ruling presented in the recent federal register amounted to little more than a clerical decision carried out in order to make tracking cannabinoid extracts easier, but many in the hemp CBD industry saw it as the first step toward a federal crackdown on the non-psychoactive cannabinoid that has thus far operated nationally in somewhat of a legal gray area.
The true impact of the classification will likely be seen in the coming months and years.
Does CBD Convert to THC When Ingested? The findings from one study conclude it is possible.Read More
by Dr. Nicola Davies
Many people may be aware that cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive constituent of the cannabis plant. New research, however, seems to indicate that this isn't actually correct.
Cannabis strains high in CBD are popularly used as anti-inflammatories, as muscle relaxants and as general analgesics. Cannabis plants with high levels of delta 9–tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), on the other hand, are often smoked or ingested in order to produce feelings of euphoria and concomitant reductions in stress. Though high-CBD strains are often associated with indica varieties and high-THC with sativa varieties, this is not necessarily the case.
Executive Director of Wo/Men's Alliance for Medical Marijuana (WAMM), Valerie Corral, wrote in a 2007 unpublished study titled "Differential Effects of Medical Marijuana Based on Strain and Route of Administration: A Three-Year Observational Study" that, "Patients did not note major differences between the cannabis sativa and cannabis indica strains." Corral concluded, "We hope that a reliable and accessible means of analysis will become available in the near future."1 Corral's hopes for the future are closer to being realized. New research carried out by Kazuhito Watanabe (PhD) and his associates at Daiichi College of Pharmaceuticals, Japan, resulted in a paper titled, "Conversion of Cannabidiol to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Related Cannabinoids in Artificial Gastric Juice, and Their Pharmacological Effects in Mice."2 The research has shown that variations in gastric juices can lead to a different result from that expected when taking CBD. So far, testing has only been carried out on mice and artificial gastric juices have been used, but the results provide food for thought and may pave the way for further studies with human participants.
Essentially, the study by Watanabe and his team has demonstrated that when CBD comes into contact with an artificial gastric juice, the non-psychoactive CBD is converted by those juices to the
psychotropic element delta 9–tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), as well as 9α-hydroxyhexahydrocannabinol (9α-OH-HHC) and 8-hydroxy-isohexahydrocannabinol (8-OH-iso-HHC). These two latter cannabinoids, known together as HHCs (hexahydroxycannabinols), were found to have THC-like effects on the laboratory mice. The researchers do point out, however, that the effects of the HHCs were not as strong as those of actual THC.
The main objective of the research was to show that THC is not the only psychoactive component of cannabis. The results suggest that sufficient attention needs to be paid to HHCs and their effect when they are combined with gastric juices during the digestive process. This could explain the anomalies in results for previous studies when the effects of CBD were tested on humans. As studies have so far only been conducted on mice, further research is required with humans to establish its applicability in the real world.
What causes the change to occur?
When people ingest cannabis in cakes or cookies, these usually contain some kind of sugar. The stomach becomes more acidic due to the sugars in these foods, as well as in any alcoholic drinks consumed when smoking or ingesting CBD. This acidity accelerates the change from CBD into THC, two HHCs and cannabinol (CBN).
What did the scientists measure?
The researchers began from the baseline of what has already been established about the effects of THC on the body: loss of sensation, drop in body temperature, prolonged sleep and reduced pain perception. The four aspects they chose to test were catalepsy (the loss of sensation or consciousness, inducing a rigid body), hypothermia (an abnormal drop in body temperature), pentobarbital induced sleep (deeper sleep when a barbiturate is given) and antinociception (the reduction in sensitivity to painful stimuli).
How did they do it?
Watanabe and associates isolated and purified THC, CBD and CBN from cannabis leaves using previously tried and tested methods. They placed the cannabinoids into an artificial gastric juice to observe the effects. Using a gas chromatograph, a sample solution was injected into the instrument, which then entered a gas stream of either helium or nitrogen used as carrier gas. The sample was then directed into a tube that separated the components. Results showed that CBD broke down into THC, two HHCs and CBN. To test the effects of these CBD components, the researchers administered small quantities to their experimental mice.
...when CBD comes into contact with an artificial gastric juice, the non-psychoactive CBD is converted by those juices to the psychotropic element delta 9–tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)...
How were changes measured and what did they find?
To test catalepsy, 24 mice were separated into three groups of eight and injected with THC, HHCs and CBN. Researchers waited fifteen minutes for the cannabis to take effect, then placed the front paws of the mice on a bar. If the mouse did not move its paws within 30 seconds, it was regarded as having a rigid or cataleptogenic reaction. The injection of THC affected the mice the most, and the HHCs were less effective than THC, but more so than CBN, which had very little effect.
For the hypothermic reactions test, mice were again divided into groups of eight and injected with THC, HHCs and CBN, respectively. Two hours later, their rectal temperature was taken. The results were consistent with the test for catalepsy, with THC causing the highest temperature drop. HHCs had an effect, but not as pronounced as THC, while injections of CBN did not produce any significant drop in temperature. Through its action on the central nervous system, THC prolongs deep sleep, so for this test, the researchers injected the mice first with the cannabinoids, and then gave them sodium pentobarbital fifteen minutes later to see how their sleep was affected. As expected, the mice given the THC slept the longest, those given HHCs slept less and those given the
CBN were least affected.
For the sensitivity to pain test, the mice were again given injections of the various cannabinoids, then twenty minutes later were given a 0.7 percent acetic acid solution and assessed on the amount of writhing produced by measuring abdominal contractions. Again, the results were consistent: THC produced the strongest block to pain with least writhing, the HHCs were somewhat effective, but less than THC and CBN had very little effect on pain blocking compared to the placebo group.
Further studies needed
Much research has involved the administration of THC and CBD to patients for symptoms such as fibromyalgia, Crohn's disease and insomnia, but researchers have been circumspect in declaring their results and have called for further testing. Watanabe's research, though conducted on mice, may hold true for humans – but that must be the subject of future studies. As Georgetown University Medical School's Dr. Robert du Pont pointed out, there are an estimated 400 components in the cannabis plant, making it difficult to determine exactly which component is providing relief when cannabis is ingested for medical reasons.3
Could anomalies in results have resulted from the way gastric juices break down CBD within the human body? In a 2016 study published in Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, by John Merrick and associates, it was noted that, "In recent epilepsy research, pediatric subjects receiving orally administered CBD showed a relatively high incidence of adverse events (≤44%), with somnolence (≤21%) and fatigue (≤17%) among the most common."4 This led the researchers to more closely investigate the accepted premise that CBD is non-psychoactive. They came to the conclusion that, "Gastric fluid without enzymes converts CBD into the psychoactive components Δ9-THC and Δ8-THC, which suggests that the oral route of administration may increase the potential for psychomimetic adverse effects from CBD."
From recent studies, it seems that there is a need to find delivery methods that decrease the risk of psychoactive cannabinoids forming during the digestive process. To this end, Zynerba Pharmaceuticals Inc. has developed an innovative transdermal synthetic cannabinoid treatment that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, thus avoiding bioconversion to psychoactive THC.5 This may be the way forward in using CBD to assist patients with medical conditions without them inadvertently experiencing unwanted psychoactive effects.
1. Corral, V.L., 2001. Differential effects of medical marijuana based on strain and route of administration: a three-year observational study. Journal of Cannabis Therapeutics, 1(3-4), pp.43-59.
2. Watanabe, K., Itokawa, Y., Yamaori, S., Funahashi, T., Kimura, T., Kaji, T., Usami, N. and Yamamoto, I., 2007. Conversion of cannabidiol to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and related cannabinoids in artificial gastric juice, and their pharmacological effects in mice. Forensic Toxicology, 25(1), pp.16-21.
3. Kleber, H.D. and Dupont, R.L., 2012. Physicians and medical marijuana. American Journal of Psychiatry, 169(6), pp.564-568.
4. Merrick, J., Lane, B., Sebree, T., Yaksh, T., O'Neill, C. and Banks, S.L., 2016. Identification of Psychoactive Degradants of Cannabidiol in Simulated Gastric and Physiological Fluid. Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research, 1(1), pp.102-112.
5. Zynerba Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 2016. First and Only Synthetic CBD Formulated as a Permeation-Enhanced Gel Being Developed for Refractory Epilepsy, Osteoarthritis and Fragile X Syndrome. [ONLINE] Available at: http://zynerba.com/in-development/cbd-gel-zyn002/. [Accessed 21 July 2016].
Hemp Farming in ColoradoRead More
by Rebecca Chavez
In the months and years since the passing of Amendment 64, much has been made of the cannabis "green rush." There's money in weed, or so we've been told, but while many investors focus on recreational uses for marijuana, the hemp industry is struggling to find a foothold with less infrastructure and many of the same restrictions.
The first hemp harvest was over a year ago, but that doesn't mean that one can walk into a store and find products made with Colorado hemp. The majority of the hemp that we use in the United States is imported from Canada, where they have the processing plants that we need to propel the hemp industry forward in Colorado. Once this integral infrastructure exists, Colorado hemp is poised to be one of the biggest industries in the United States. Until then, hemp farmers have to improvise and forge their own path to commercial success.
One of the unlikely farmers doing just that is Bill Billings. Before the legalization of hemp, Billings was on a different side of the farming industry. He worked as a middleman, moving produce around the country for farmers and retailers. It was this position that helped him build relationships with the farmers around Colorado that would become incredibly important after the passing of the farm bill in 2013. Billings almost immediately saw the benefits of hemp. He didn't just go after the obvious market of clothing and paper, but wants to ensure that hemp is a part of the growing medical market. He started the Colorado Hemp Project with the help of Jim Brammer, a farmer out of Sterling, Colorado.
Brammer and Billings are vastly different from the majority of cannabis entrepreneurs. They aren't interested in the high. In fact, the association of hemp with cannabis almost scared Brammer off of the business. Fortunately, the Sanjay Gupta special aired right around the time that Billings approached Brammer and, with this in mind, Brammer offered Billings two acres in Yuma as a sharecropping opportunity, and their first hemp harvest quickly followed.
The medical aspect of hemp is one of the biggest draws for Billings. His passion is surprising at first, but quickly grows on nearly everyone he meets. While many look to hemp as a solution for paper or clothing, Billings really sees it as an opportunity to provide hope to people who may not want the high that comes along with the majority of medical cannabis. Though the first harvest was small, Billings is already thinking of ways to put hemp to use in the medical market. He wants to create CBD oils and tinctures that help medical patients. He's already experienced a lot of health benefits thanks to hemp, and he's hoping to pass that on to others.
Though hemp is different than what many people typically think of as medical cannabis, Billings is testing hemp strains that may have medical benefits. The difficulty comes from getting enough THC in the hemp plant to create an entourage effect. All hemp grown in the state must have less than 0.3 percent THC, a far cry from the medical marijuana plants that can contain upwards of 20 percent.
While Billings is passionate about the possibilities with hemp, the real problem quickly became apparent. There is no infrastructure available to process and distribute the plant. Hemp can't be sent out of state for processing, and with no obvious options, The Colorado Hemp Project took matters into their own hands. Dani Billings, Bill's daughter, started Nature's Root, a company that makes hemp based beauty products. Right now the line is fairly small with a few scrubs, a lip balm, and a soothing salve, but there's plenty of room to grow as the market expands.
Bill Billings also worked out a deal with some local natural grocers to carry whole hemp hearts in their stores. This relationship will likely grow as hemp expands, and expansion is on the horizon. Billings recently acquired a machine that separates out the different parts of the hemp plant. This gives him the ability to pull out the fibers that are important when it comes to making clothing and papers. These are items that are high in demand, but that no one can create just yet.
As many rush to cash in on what is being called the "green rush" so many people are ignoring the possibilities of hemp. Conventions and expos have booth after booth of companies eager to help dispensary owners create a better product but there are very few options connected to the hemp market. We've all heard about what hemp is capable of, but the minimal processing of recreational and medical marijuana creates a market with a much faster return and a much shorter turn around.
The machinery necessary to create the hemp products that we've heard so much about in the past few years isn't in the state yet. Without the capital to build the infrastructure, Billings and other hemp farmers have a long road ahead of them. Fortunately, the hemp farming community is strong. Instead of the investors hoping to make a quick buck that cannabis has seen, many hemp farmers in the state of Colorado are long-time residents who have turned to hemp as a compliment to their many other crops. The plant is good for the soil and easy to grow, making it a tempting crop for anyone who has been farming for a long time.
Billings told me that though the hemp farmers aren't working together, they are all looking out for one another. The community is supportive enough to share ideas, but everyone appears to be innovating on their own. What this means for hemp in the future is that there is sure to be a wide array of products from different sources. Billings and The Colorado Hemp Project are on the forefront but, at this point, the possibilities of hemp belong to whoever is willing to invest in the infrastructure to bring the dream of the plant to a reality.
Lupus and Medical MarijuanaRead More
by Dr. Nicola Davies
Testimonies from people claiming that smoking a joint or taking hemp extract has helped their symptoms of lupus abound in the media with some users elevating the healing qualities of the cannabis sativa plant to almost magical status.
While authorities worry about the psychoactive properties of the THC content of cannabis sativa, researchers are honing in on the non-psychoactive components of the plant, particularly cannabidiol (CBD).
Compounds within cannabis and their effect
There are two types of cannabis sativa, one with more THC and the other with very small amounts. Usually the plants with less THC contain higher levels of CBD. As a medicine CBD is of great value, as it does not produce the side effects associated with plants with high THC levels. This substance is attracting more attention as doctors discover new effects on the human immune system.
The cells of our central nervous system contain type 1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1) and these are located mainly in the brain. Type 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB2) are spread around the body in the peripheral nervous system, together with some CB1 receptors. THC may interfere with CB1 to produce the high and giggles associated with the use of marijuana, whereas CBD does not interfere with the user's psychological and psychomotor functions. Both substances, however, reduce the pain and inflammation associated with lupus, which is why some sufferers like to smoke a joint or use hemp extract to alleviate their symptoms.
To date, research has focused mainly on animal studies and has indicated that CBD has the following effects: it reduces nausea, suppresses seizure activity, combats tumor and cancer cell growth, combats inflammatory disorders, has anti-oxidant properties that help in neurodegenerative disorders and helps in cases of anxiety and depression – all good news for lupus sufferers.
How lupus affects the body
Normally, the body's immune system creates proteins (antibodies) in order to fight off viruses and bacteria by identifying another type of protein (antigens) on their surfaces. Lupus confuses the immune system so that it cannot tell the difference between the antigens on viruses and bacteria and its own healthy tissue. The immune system then attacks and kills both the invaders and the healthy cells resulting in inflammation, pain, and long-term tissue damage. This is why lupus is called an autoimmune disease – the body's immune system is attacking its own healthy cells
People with lupus have symptoms varying in severity. Most suffer from fatigue, weight loss and a slightly raised temperature. They may develop joint pains and stiffness that is worse in the morning. Usually the many small bones in the hands and feet are more severely affected. The pain also tends to move from area to area but fortunately, although a little swelling may be experienced, it does not usually lead to arthritis. Sufferers will find skin exposed to the sun, like hands and face, are often sensitive to sunlight and the cheeks and nose develop the red butterfly rash typical of lupus.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients will usually have joint pains, skin rashes and tiredness. Impaired kidney, heart and brain function can occur in severe cases. Discoid lupus results only in skin rashes and the typical red butterfly marking across the nose and cheeks.
Women more likely to suffer from lupus
Women are ten times more likely to develop lupus than men and it typically occurs in women between the ages of 20-40 years, although people of all ages can be affected. Reasons for the onset of lupus are unclear but it is thought that it may be triggered by some medication, infection and even sunlight. Hormonal changes in women are also thought to play a role, which might explain why the prevalence is higher in women.
Cannabis can help
Research has shown that both THC and CBD work by changing critical molecules of epigenomes called histones. A complete set of DNA in a cell is called an epigenome and it tells the cell what to do by encoding for certain proteins – basically if it is a skin cell it must behave like a skin cell. Histones are spool-like proteins that wrap the DNA molecules into chromosomes that are inside the nucleus of the cell. Certain chemicals can change how tightly the histones wrap the DNA. If too tight they can prevent the gene encoding a protein within the cell – effectively turning the gene off. If loosening occurs, due to the chemical attaching onto the tail of the histone, then a formerly inactive gene may be turned on. This alteration leads to reducing inflammation in the body, and it is this reduction that can help people cope with lupus.
Heart, lungs and kidneys can be affected
With lupus, the pleura and pericardium tissues that cover the lungs and heart respectively can be inflamed; however, it is uncommon for the organs themselves to be affected. About 33 percent of people with lupus develop kidney inflammation leading to protein and blood leaking into the urine. Again this does not cause problems unless the lupus is very severe. As with most debilitating illnesses, depression can follow but it is not usually caused by lupus itself.
Effect on the brain
Because lupus results in general inflammation the brain is not exempt. Lupus patients may experience headaches, dizziness, even seizures and psychosis where the patient may have delusions, paranoia and hallucinations. Roughly 50 percent of people with lupus find it difficult to concentrate, struggle to remember things and are sometimes confused. Although this may not be noticeable to others, the person to whom this is happening will realize that things are not quite right. It is important to establish whether this is caused by the lupus or whether there is another cause.
Relief provided by cannabidiol
Relief from pain and inflammation can be achieved by taking capsules containing CBD but these are not easy to find. Hemp extract can be high in CBD but contains negligible THC and can be taken daily. Some people even juice the leaves of their CBD rich plants to obtain relief. It is reported that the cannabis allows them to regain their appetite and improve food digestion.
According to scientific studies, regulating inflammatory responses in lupus may be achieved through what is known as the peripheral cannabinoid receptor (CB2) coupled to G protein receptors primarily in immune cells. It is possible that when CB2 are stimulated, they induce leukocytes (cells within the blood and bodily fluids), to migrate to the sites of infection and inflammation thus playing a role in regulating the inflammatory response.
CBD does this through activating RHoA GTPases, which are a small group of G proteins. The G proteins act as molecular switches. A ligand is a signal-triggering molecule that binds onto a target protein at a particular site. The peripheral cannabinoid receptor (CB2) ligands may have a role to play in regulating the excessive inflammation of the body when lupus is present, causing the cells not to be so hyper responsive.
There is a need for more scientific research to be done on the effects on humans. Lupus patients in search of a cure, however, cannot wait for long-term studies to be completed and have been going ahead with self-medication if the country in which they live bans all products derived from cannabis sativa. In more enlightened countries they are able to buy medical marijuana products specifically for medical use.
Users are reporting that they are getting relief from the symptoms of their disease. Certainly they have a better quality of life. Meanwhile, research is on-going into whether, in addition to providing relief, the CBD in cannabis can actually cure lupus by causing cells to change the way they function.
MJNA vs. Project CBD and OthersRead More
by DJ Reetz
A recent settlement in the $100 million lawsuit filed by Medical Marijuana Inc. is being touted as a vindication of the company. In January, Medical Marijuana Inc., a publicly traded cannabis company that trades on the over the counter market under ticker symbol MJNA, filed a lawsuit aimed at a scathing report published by the non-profit advocacy group Project CBD that outlined some of the less than savory business practices that were involved in the formation of the company and notably contained several stark accusations about potentially harmful contaminants in Medical Marijuana Inc.'s flagship product, Real Scientific Hemp Oil. The lawsuit, filed in California's Superior Court, targets several Colorado residents and business who contributed to the Project CBD report, as well as naming the report's author, Project CBD's founder, and the non-profit itself, all accused of libel, defamation and painting the company in a false light.
The recent settlement in the case centers on Stewart Environmental, an environmental testing lab that released a report to local cannabis activist Jason Cranford seeming to show a high amount of heavy metal contamination in a sample of RSHO submitted by Cranford. As part of the settlement Stewart CEO Dr. David Stewart released a video statement clarifying that the report issued to Cranford was preliminary, and that a follow up report showing acceptable levels of heavy metals was in fact the correct one. While the secondary report was noted in Project CBD's critique, it is treated with skepticism, questioning as to whether it is authentic due to lack of a corrective action report, which is generally standard procedure when lab work is corrected. But the settlement with Stewart seems to be the definitive legal answer to the issue.
"It's very unusual what happened," concedes MMJ Inc. spokesperson Andrew Hard.
Also settling in the case is Jason Cranford, the Colorado grower and activist whose high-CBD strain Haleigh's Hope gained national attention when it donated its name to a medical marijuana law passed in Georgia. Cranford played an integral part in the Stewart saga after he was approached by the parent of a child apparently sickened by a dose of RSHO. Cranford had previously left KannaLife shortly after the company had been acquired by MMJ Inc. and shortly thereafter began searching for problems with the products of the new parent corporation, according to the Project CBD report. In his search Cranford was contacted by a Colorado woman whose daughter had allegedly suffered gastrointestinal distress after ingesting RSHO. According to Project CBD, it was this syringe of RSHO that Cranford took to Stewart Environmental, where he received a report showing high amounts of lead among other potential contaminants and he then set out to make the findings known.
For his role in the situation Cranford was named as a defendant in MMJ Inc.'s lawsuit, and according to Hard, he has now recorded a video statement attesting to the validity of the statement from Stewart.
Cranford's statement has yet to be released however, so its content remains unknown. Cranford himself seems defiant. Though barred from discussing the nature of the settlement, Cranford maintains that he believed the sample he was given to be genuine, and is adamant that the settlement was not the result of a jury or judge's decision.
"They didn't win a settlement in a courtroom," says Cranford.
The settlement with Cranford and Stewart Environmental was quickly hyped by MMJ Inc., who spared no time in issuing press releases proclaiming victory. One story ran on the website cashinbis.com titled "Project CBD Report Confirmed False: Clearing the Air Around RSHO" touted MMJ Inc.'s settlement with Stewart and alluded to Cranford's settlement and the video concession that a month later has still not materialized.
But while MMJ Inc. is claiming a victory, some of the claims in the Project CBD report remain unchallenged. Project CBD's report also includes an accusation that a sample of RSHO tested by PhytaTech, a lab operating in Denver, contained hexane, an industrial solvent. According to Project CBD, this sample originated from Brandon Krenzler, an Oregon man whose daughter had allegedly been sickened by it, and while the provable chain of custody of the sample is nonexistent, neither PhytaTek nor Krenzler was included in MMJ Inc.'s lawsuit.
However, MMJ Inc. did see fit to include Cannlabs in its suit, as well as the company's CEO Gennifer Murray. The Denver-based lab was responsible for an early test of Cranford's sample that seemed to indicate a THC content above the .3 percent threshold set by the DEA as legally allowable for hemp products. Murray was also one of the first to pick up on Cranford's accusations, and a Facebook post she made is the central exhibit in the case against her in MMJ Inc.'s lawsuit.
Murray was unavailable to comment for this story.
The Project CBD report also contains some insight into a short-lived venture between MMJ Inc. and Colorado-based Dixie Elixirs, a venture that contributed to the departure of Dixie's chief scientist as well as the company's head of production and extraction, allegedly over the potentially unsafe hemp paste Dixie was receiving from MMJ Inc. At the time, the hemp paste supplied to Dixie and used in the creation of MMJ Inc.'s own product was sourced by CannaVest, a company that is still partially owned by MMJ Inc.
"At the time this Project CBD report references, CannaVest was the sole exclusive supplier, it's an important fact to note," says Hard.
Despite owning 11.25 percent of CannaVest, MMJ Inc. and its subsidiaries are currently involved in several lawsuits against the company, one of which concerns the ownership of the RSHO trademark.
In addition to supplying the bulk material that went into the MMJ Inc.'s RSHO, CannaVest also shares origins with the company. Investment capital for both companies was secured by MMJ Inc.'s current CEO, Stuart Titus, according to Hard, and several of the central figures in CannaVest are mentioned by name in Project CBD's report.
While the settlement in MMJ Inc.'s lawsuit may provide some closure, Project CBD isn't backing down. The group has filed a motion to strike down the suit on the grounds that it is protected as free speech under the First Amendment. Project CBD Founder Martin Lee wouldn't comment for this article due to the pending litigation beyond the following statement:
"Project CBD stands by its report 100 percent and we're very proud of it."
Whatever the outcome, the drawn out fight is sure to leave all sides bloodied, and definitive answers to the claims made against those involved may not come at all.
HEMPCO CBD PAIN SALVERead More
reviewed by Christianna Lewis-Brown
We have reviewed a couple of Hempco products in the past and our staff was impressed with the quality and effectiveness of those products. So we went into this review with high expectations and we were not disappointed. The CBD Pain Relief Salve is made of all natural and some organic ingredients, and each stick contains 20mg of active CBD, CBDA derived from hemp. The packaging is very handy for a pain salve. It comes in a clear, cylindrical dispensing container with a screw top lid, similar to a deodorant stick.
It was very convenient to use, you just rub the stick on the affected area. Pain salves I have used in the past came in a tub and you had to dig your fingers in to apply the salve. This is problematic if you don't get it washed off all of the way. Have you ever rubbed your eyes after using topical pain relievers? Ouch! Not with Hempco. To be fair, you might have to rub it in a bit but at least it won't get under your fingernails.
Upon first application, there is a cooling sensation that lingers for a bit. I did notice some relief in my joint pain after the first use but it really works its magic if you reapply it throughout the day. The pain was less and less after each application. Another win for Hempco! This and their other products are available for purchase on their website, cbdriven.com.
HEMP: The Anti-AntibioticRead More
By Dr Nicola Davies
Bacteria are becoming increasingly antibiotic resistant, giving rise to superbugs and making antibiotics obsolete. How can hemp and hemp derivatives (oil, milk, seeds) take over from the failing antibiotic industry?
Antibiotic Resistance
The World Health Organization has called antibiotic resistance "one of the biggest threats to human health today." Bacteria that were once affected by antibiotics have grown resistant to the substances that were so efficient in stopping their growth in the past. This resistance has created 'superbugs' — strains of bacteria that are particularly resistant to both broad and narrow-spectrum antibiotics.
Resistance develops when bacteria come into contact with antibiotics or other bacteria that have been exposed to antibiotics and mutate into stronger genetic strains. Overexposure to antibiotics is largely due to misdiagnosis and overuse of common antibiotics, from a global right down to an individual level. However, new studies are showing that hemp, or cannabis sativa, can offset the danger of antibiotic resistance on many levels.
From the Farm to the Table
On a global scale, bacteria in food production, much like the bacteria in our bodies, are evolving to become increasingly resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Medium to large-scale farms producing meat and vegetables sometimes use antibiotics to compensate for crowded and unclean living conditions, even in the absence of infection. This is one reason for the rise in organic food awareness. Organic foods tend to cost more, as high standards of hygiene are required for the livestock and the soil for produce. As a result, farmers are looking for inexpensive organic alternatives for livestock and crops.
In a case in Denmark, the addition of hemp oil to piglet feed dramatically reduced the incidence of gastrointestinal infection. Gastrointestinal infection is the highest cause of mortality in piglets, and a key reason why farmers give antibiotics prophylactically. However, this builds resistance among bacteria, which may then be passed on to the consumer. This has spawned an academic study exploring the outcome of adding cold-pressed hemp oil and hemp protein to the diets of livestock throughout their lives. The project is part of a three-year ongoing study, targeted for completion in July 2017. The data is extremely promising for organic farms across the globe.
Hemp oil can also be used to replace antibiotics used on produce; helping to curtail the resistant strains by keeping antibiotics from spreading plant to plant via water and soil. The danger of antibiotics in produce is that if plants infected with a resistant strain of bacteria are sprayed with an antibiotic, only the susceptible bacteria will die, leaving the stronger, more resistant bacteria to multiply. Resistant genes exist for tetracycline and streptomycin, two common antibiotics used in agriculture. In addition, the antibiotic chemicals seep into the soil and create resistance in the bacteria on other plants. As part of a systematic investigation of central European plants, hemp oil was found to be more effective than streptomycin and penicillin in terms of anti-bacterial traits and natural antibodies, but without the danger of creating antibiotic resistance.
On a Personal Level
Resistant bacteria are not only being served to us via our food, but also via our personal choices. Simple decisions such as not taking a prescribed antibiotic for its full course can leave lingering live bacteria that grow stronger. Other times, antibiotics are prescribed when they aren't needed. Colds and flu, for example, are caused by viruses that aren't affected by antibiotics and shouldn't be treated with antibiotics. Rather than overusing antibiotics, it has been suggested that adding hemp seeds to a person's diet increases the body's natural production of antibodies.
Like flax seeds, hemp seeds have all of the essential amino acids that the body needs to resist illness. They also have the highest content of edestin, a type of globulin, in the entire plant family. Globulins are one of the top three most abundant proteins in the human body and are responsible for acquired and natural immunity against harmful outside organisms. The body uses globulins to make antibodies, which attack infectious agents via their antigens. A person's ability to resist and recover from infections and illness is directly proportionate to how quickly their body can generate large quantities of antibodies to defend against the initial onslaught of antigens. If globulins are in low supply, there is a higher chance of antigens overcoming the body's immune response. As 65 percent of hemp seed protein is the globulin edestin, it is obvious how it can be used in place of antibiotics in many cases of infection.
The Destruction of Superbugs
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a strain of bacteria that has become non-responsive to most antibiotics. Often carried on the skin and in the nose, Staphylococcus aureus is profoundly problematic when it has an opportunity to invade the bloodstream to cause "Staph" infections. When antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus infect someone with a weakened immune system, such as the ill or elderly, the infection can quickly become life-threatening. As resistance to antibiotics increases, some strains of bacteria are becoming immune to vancomycin, the "last resort" antibiotic that is currently used when all others fail.
Recently, Simon Gibbons of the School of Pharmacy at the University of London and Giovanni Appendino of the Piemonte Orientale University in Italy tested five different cannabinoids with regard to their ability to kill MRSA. The results were impressive. Of the five cannabinoids tested, the two with the highest effectiveness in killing the resistant bacteria were extracted from industrial hemp with low THC content and non-psychoactive properties; meaning they would not produce a "high." This is encouraging, as most protests against the use of hemp products stem from the stigma around the plant's cousin, marijuana. During their study, Gibbons and Appendino discovered that hemp extracts were as effective in treating infection as many known antibiotics, including vancomycin. More recent studies have shown that hemp extracts are effective in treating Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis.
Hope on the Horizon
The future of hemp products in the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections is hopeful. With a growing number of U.S. states legalizing marijuana for medicinal purposes, the allocation of funds to researching hemp extracts is likely to rise. Hemp seeds and oil are available for purchase online or at some health food stores, and given their ability to boost the immune system and resist bacteria, their inclusion in daily diet should, arguably, be recommended - not only for personal health, but to reduce the need for antibiotics moving forward.
CBD Only Laws Leave Patients With Limited OptionsRead More
by Skyler Cannabaceae
After passing legislation in the New York State Assembly, the Empire State will become the 23rd state, including Washington, D.C., to allow medical cannabis after Gov. Andrew Cuomo signs the bill, which he is expected to do. Some states, however, are choosing to only take on the heart-wrenching issue of treating epileptic children with cannabidiol while ignoring the other benefits of the plant.
Some legislators want to prohibit THC, which is a part of the medicine that they consider undesirable. The problem is that THC shares many similar healing properties with CBD and even has some health advantages that CBD does not have. Most cannabis advocates favor a "whole plant solution."
Ten states already have CBD-only laws: Alabama, Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Mississippi, Missouri, South Carolina, Tennessee, Utah and Wisconsin. The laws allow for the use of cannabis oil that contains mostly cannabidiol, or CBD, and only a minor trace of THC, the compound that causes the "high" feeling when cannabis is smoked or ingested.
There are other states with CBD-only laws in various stages of the legislative process. On June 20, North Carolina's General Assembly passed the "North Carolina Compassionate Use Registration Act." The bill still has to pass the Senate and be signed by the governor to become law.
Martin A. Lee is Co-Founder & Director of Project CBD, a non-profit group based on raising awareness and furthering study of CBD for medical use. Lee wrote an article published on the Project CBD website on March 22, explaining that CBD is important, but it can't do the job alone.
"Scientific research has established that CBD and THC interact synergistically and potentiate each other's therapeutic effects," Lee wrote. "What's more, marijuana contains several hundred other compounds, including flavonoids, terpenes, and dozens of minor cannabinoids in addition to CBD and THC. Each of these compounds has particular healing attributes, but when combined they create what scientists refer to as an 'entourage effect,' so that the therapeutic impact of the whole plant exceeds the sum of its parts."
Keith Stroup, Legal Counsel for the National Organization for the Reformation of Marijuana Laws (NORML), is another well-known cannabis activist who has made known his opinions of CBD-only laws. On June 17, Stroup published an editorial on the subject on NORML's blog.
"[E]ven if a patient from out-of-state could find these products in California or Colorado," Stroup said after noting that the oil in question is mostly made in those two states, "it would be a violation of federal law (and also likely state law) to take the medicine back to their home state."
Stroup pointed out in his post what he sees as lessons to be learned from the swift passage of CBD-only laws. He cited claims that elected officials are heavily influenced by popular media, opining that lawmakers "would get their scientific understanding of the medical properties of marijuana from a popular television doctor" rather than research the matter themselves.
Cannabidiol is known to help control seizures, but Lee pointed out in his March article that it leaves people with other illnesses without relief. He said that people with cancer, chronic pain, Alzheimer's and autoimmune disorders will not get relief with CBD alone.
While some advocates say that CBD-only laws are a good first step toward legalizing cannabis, others think that it sends the wrong message to the public. In the meantime, the focus on CBD is giving the impression that it is better than whole plant solutions - safer because CBD doesn't get you high.
The war against THC rages on.
Is Cannabis A Cure For Cancer?Read More
by Rick Macey
Does cannabis treat cancer? Does cannabis kill cancer cells? Does it cure cancer?
THC Magazine posed those questions, in that order, to one of the most knowledgeable people on Earth: Dr. Robert Melamede, a University of Colorado biology professor and world-renowned cannabis researcher.
We also painstakingly reviewed dozens of preclinical studies on cannabis. Our goal is to understand whether cannabis could be the kiss of death for cancer, a panacea for the most feared diseases on the planet.
There is no question that marijuana treats cancer symptoms, such as pain, inflammation, and nausea. The database for the National Institutions of Health has more than enough peer-reviewed studies to support this conclusion.
So let's move on. Life is short. No need to beat around the bush.
In studies of lab tissue cultures, and preclinical trials with animals, particularly mice, the NIH medical publishers database also offers plenty of evidence that cannabis kills cancer cells while protecting normal cells.
Now for the Big Question: Does cannabis cure cancer in people?
A Miracle Cure?
"I've seen cures occur," Dr. Bob said. "The most obvious ones are with skin cancer," notably two types - basel and squamous cell carcinoma. Here, however, is where the NIH pub-med database fails.
There's not one clinical trial of cannabis and skin cancer. Or cannabis and any other cancer. No surprise that the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved cannabis for the treatment of any known medical condition.
"Topical application of Rick Simpson oil, basically, on a variety of skin cancers is very effective," Dr. Bob said. "Once you see that happen a few times, you don't particularly care if it's gone through a clinical trial, especially if you're one of those persons."
Clinical studies on cannabis and people for decades focused on the potential dangers, and only more recently, the plant's ability to treat cancer symptoms, but not the disease itself.
Without any clinical trials, the evidence that cannabis cures cancer in people is almost entirely anecdotal, stories from medical marijuana patients who insist they benefitted from the plant.
"There are over 900 peer-reviewed articles showing that cannabinoids, in one form or another - phyto from the plant, endo from within, synthetics - that these cannabinoids have cancer-killing capacity," said Dr. Bob.
How significant are those preclinical studies with tissue cultures and lab animals?
"How much evidence do you need to suggest that this is powerful stuff?" Dr. Bob asked. "Instead the morons around the world and in our government say, "Oh, we can't study it properly,' or 'It's too dangerous' or 'What about the children?' ...
"I've seen cannabis treat leukemias, lymphomas, stomach cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer, brain cancer, lung cancer. But it doesn't mean it works on all of those all the time. I've seen successes with those various cancers, and I've also seen failures," he said.
In one of the most recent preclinical studies, cannabis was also found effective against colon cancer.
Researchers outside of the U.S., notably in Spain and Israel, are apparently confirming that cannabinoids destroy cancer cells
in humans. Similar research on people has been impossible in America since the 1970 Controlled Substances Act, which classified cannabis as a Schedule I drug with no known medical use and a high potential for abuse.
So is it possible to know if cannabis is a potential miracle cure? There is a compelling puzzle to this piece. It's called the endogenous cannabinoid system - more commonly referred to as the endocannabinoid system, which exists in all animal life.
Regulating The Body's Regulator
One of the most profound advances in human health occurred in the late 1980s when researchers discovered the endocannabinoid system. Furthering our understanding of it could lead to cures for all forms of cancer.
"It literally regulates everything in your body," Dr. Bob said. "So when you're able to regulate that which regulates everything, you have profound outcomes. Outcomes like people leaving hospice care because they're not dying anymore. When you see and experience enough of these stories, you'd be stupid not to believe it."
Cannabinoids attack cancer cells by preventing inflammation in surrounding tissue, by causing cell death, by blocking cell growth, by halting the growth of blood vessels that supply tumors, and by boosting the immune system with antiviral activity.
The human body strives to maintain a stable balance within our cells, tissues, and organs. This is called homeostasis. Our endocannabinoid system resists and, if necessary, corrects changes that threaten this balance.
How precisely does it do that?
By internally creating cannabinoids - anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). These molecules bind with receptors on the surface of cells throughout our bodies.
Two cannabinoid receptors have been officially identified, CB1 and CB2. There are reportedly at least two more being investigated. CB1 is found primarily in the nervous system, organs, glands, and connective tissue. CB2 is predominant in the immune system. Many tissues have both of these protein molecules.
Cannabis contains phytocannabinoids - phyto because they come from a plant. The most relevant to cancer are delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).
THC and CDB are known to be interchangeable with anandamide. That's a crucial reason why cannabis is highly effective medicine. Ingesting those two cannabinoids strengthens our endocannabinoid system. But that's not all.
THC and CBD act directly on cancerous lesions and tumors, causing the death of abnormal cells by disrupting their mitochondria and choking off blood supply. CBD also inhibits the enzyme that breaks down anandamide, so more of the body's natural defenses can get in on the action.
This is really important stuff when considering cannabis as a potential cure for cancer, but it's also important to overall health. Cannabinoids are involved in controlling activities in the brain, which has implications for memory and degenerative neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's; and in nerves, metabolism, the circulatory system (especially heart function), and in reproduction.
The antioxidant properties of cannabis may even slow the aging process. But June is Cancer Awareness Month, so let's get back on topic.
Currently, cannabis extracts that are high in CBD have created a medicinal marijuana buzz in mainstream America, which is being fueled by the media. Since CBD does not get anyone stoned, why not load up on that cannabinoid as a cancer cure?
Not so fast, Dr. Bob said.
Don't Dismiss THC
Melamede said that the most effective cannabis cancer treatments, like those advocated by the Phoenix Tears Foundation, strike a balance between CBD and THC. "From what we've seen, there's always THC in there."
"Based on the activity of the CB1 receptor and of CBD, I can see circumstances where high levels of CBD could be detrimental," Dr. Bob speculated. In his experience, the most effective extracts have 80 percent THC and around 5 percent CBD. There are ways to counteract THC's high, he said.
Dr Bob also pointed out that cancers can be divided into two basic types; "drug- sensitive cancers that can be killed, and drug-resistant cancers that kill you."
"It looks like cannabis can kill both types, which is what makes it so powerful and unique," he said. "It gets very complicated explaining precisely why cannabis can kill those cancers that kill you."
He said it has to do with its influence on the underlying energy-producing mechanism of the cancerous cell. "There are whole lot of biological issues going on here, but the bottom line is that cannabis can get rid of a number of cancers very effectively and painlessly."
Dr. Bob said that people using conventional treatments, like chemotherapy, should add cannabis to their medical regimen for its "health enhancing and protective nature."
And what if Dr. Bob had cancer?
"First thing I would do - if I had time - I would go on cannabis alone and see if that worked," he said. If it didn't work, he'd add chemo and perhaps radiation treatment along with cannabis.
"Cannabis has neural protective properties, which could be very important if, for example, you're getting your brain irradiated," he said. "It's a health- promoting herb."
When CB1 receptors are removed from mice - knockout mice, they're called - those rodents become ill and die prematurely. Clearly cannabinoids are necessary for good health.
"On the other end of the spectrum, when [anti-cannabis researchers] wanted to show how bad THC was, they fed mice really high quantities for years. It turned out the mice lived longer and had fewer tumors," Dr. Bob said.
The endocannabinoid system, which is most evolved in humans, gives vertebrate species an advantage over other life forms - insects, for example - when it comes to Darwinian adaptation. And that ability to
adapt, said Dr. Bob, extends to human consciousness.
Cannabis alters human perceptions and behavior, often promoting creativity, humor, and receptiveness to new and different ideas. "Open-mindedness," said Dr. Bob. "And the fact that it's an anti-aging drug, and inhibits cancers, that's reality. I didn't make up the science and that's how I see the science."
Can Dr. Bob see a future where all cancers are curable, and ultimately preventable?
"I think as we learn more about what life is and what health is,
as people increase their endocannabinoid activity through diet, for instance with omega fatty acids and fish oil, they're going to supplement with the plant," he said.
"And the consequences are going to be profound."


text:
Several players shined
By BARRY WILNER
AP Pro Football Writer
It's been a terrific half-season for Matt Ryan, Marshawn Lynch, J.J. Watt and Charles Tillman.
For Andrew Luck, Mark Barron, Doug Martin and Luke Kuechly, too.
And for Mike Smith, Leslie Frazier and, in a bittersweet way, Bruce Arians.
The AP NFL awards won't be handed out until the night before the Super Bowl. Halfway there, here are the men who have stood out for each of the seven honors. Bear in mind, though, that the only four-time MVP, Peyton Manning, barely was a contender through eight games in two of those MVP seasons.
Quarterbacks have dominated the MVP voting the last five years and if the Falcons continue beating everyone with Ryan performing so brilliantly, he has the inside track to become the first Atlanta player selected for the award.
"We are halfway through the season and I think everybody's focus is just to keep their head down, keep working hard and not worry about anything more than that," Ryan said.
If Ryan does look around, he'll see the likes of Seattle running back Lynch and Minnesota RB Adrian Peterson, Vikings receiver Percy Harvin, Houston defensive end Watt, Chicago cornerback Tillman, and, oh yes, that guy who already owns four such trophies.
Obviously, Watt, the pass-swatting, QB-trapping terror for the Texans, and ball-hawking Tillman are among the leaders for this award, which often goes to guys who pile up the sacks. Watt certainly is doing that with a league-leading 10 1/2.
"I am amazed that he can continue to just dominate people the way he has," Texans defensive coordinator Wade Phillips said. "He has a great knack for football …"
Tillman has never played it better, either. He forced four fumbles in Chicago's victory at Tennessee, and has two picks, both returned for scores. He is as much of a shutdown cornerback as anyone in the NFL, and an irreplaceable part of the Monsters of the Midway.
Their top competition so far includes Green Bay's Clay Matthews, Arizona's Daryl Washington, San Francisco's Patrick Willis — all linebackers — Falcons safety Thomas DeCoud and Seattle cornerback Brandon Browner.
This award sometimes goes to the MVP, so Ryan, Peterson, Harvin and Lynch deserve halfway consideration. Peterson has been an amazing story as he came back off major knee surgery late last year and now leads the NFL in rushing, just in front of Lynch. He's also operating with a second-year quarterback — but Lynch has a rookie QB.
"With Adrian Peterson, from the very first game it looked like he was back to 100 percent," Lions coach Jim Schwartz said. "You've seen none of the effects of that ACL with anything. He's better than he's ever been. He's strong, he's fast, he's got great instincts."
Other standouts so far: QBs Aaron Rodgers of Green Bay and Manning; RBs Frank Gore of San Francisco and Arian Foster of Houston; WRs Harvin, Reggie Wayne of Indianapolis, A.J. Green of Cincinnati and Brandon Marshall of Chicago; and tight ends Rob Gronkowski of New England and Tony Gonzalez of Atlanta.
Here's something unprecedented: an interim coach could get the nod.
If the Colts continue their turnaround, Bruce Arians will receive strong consideration for the honor. Arians took over for Game 4 when Chuck Pagano was diagnosed with leukemia. Indy has gone 4-1 since then, including a victory over Green Bay, and Luck has taken huge strides in his development. A split vote for Pagano and Arians also might be considered should the Colts surge all the way into the playoffs.
Of course, should the Falcons replicate their 8-0 record with another eight victories, well, coaches of undefeated teams (Don Shula in 1972, Bill Belichick in 2007) have been impossible to ignore.
Other solid candidates thus far: Leslie Frazier in Minnesota, Pete Carroll in Seattle, Joe Philbin in Miami, Mike Tomlin in Pittsburgh, Greg Schiano in Tampa Bay, and Lovie Smith in Chicago.
A two-man race thus far between Manning and Peterson. In fact, barring more injuries or a totally unexpected drop-off in production, this figures to be between these two perennial stars and no one else.
"In his case, every time he goes out there, he's got a chance to do something special," Broncos coach John Fox said of Manning.
As for Peterson: "I don't know if words can describe how impressed myself and everyone is with what Adrian has accomplished," Frazier said. "He's just an amazing athlete, a guy with so much determination."
Quarterbacks never won this award until Pittsburgh's Ben Roethlisberger in 2004, when the Steelers went 15-1. Indy's Luck, Washington's Robert Griffin III and Seattle's Russell Wilson are the signal-callers who have made their freshmen seasons special already. For any of them to win it, getting their teams to a winning record or into the playoffs could be the decider, which gives Luck and Wilson and edge on RG3.
For excitement, though, it's hard to match what Griffin does for the Redskins.
Same thing for Martin, who comes off two sensational games for the Bucs: 135 yards rushing, 79 receiving in a win at Minnesota, then 251 yards rushing and four touchdowns in a victory Oakland.
But don't ignore RBs Alfred Morris of Washington and Trent Richardson of Cleveland, and WR Kendall Wright of Tennessee.
Tampa Bay's Barron has played safety the same way he did at Alabama, with aggression, decisiveness and strong fundamentals.
Carolina's Kuechly has played the same way and been a tackling machine, perhaps the only bright spot on a bad defense.
Seattle LB Bobby Wagner has been impressive, making a good unit even better. New England DE Chandler Jones leads the team with six sacks, while safety Tavon Wilson has three picks.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Liquid Digital, leading Sydney-based Design Firm Enters the App Arena
Sydney's leading web designer and website developer Liquid Digital have expanded into the booming app domain, as developers for both iPhone and Android platforms.
Sydney's leading web designer and website developer Liquid Digital have expanded into the booming app domain, as developers for both iPhone and Android platforms. They bring many years of their experience servicing clients in and around New South Wales and Sydney, working on innovative web development and allied solutions in design and development to a select client base. These include working on many different elements of brand identity design, including business logo design work.
The company's fresh approach has won it numero uno status as a preferred vendor of digital design and development services for the Australian market.
While the app market has become flooded with budget players providing rapid-rollouts of apps at low costs, Liquid Digital's values of delivering a reliable client experience is also part of the strategic offerings for client's app needs, and differentiate Liquid Digital from other players. The company will make full use of this approach and insight into creating custom design solutions for web properties for a competitive app market where design and interface are essential parameters for how successful an app can be.
Any Liquid Digital client mandate is tailor-made specifically for both the client's needs and identity - while creating a body of work that is fresh in execution and approach. To the digital arena, Liquid Digital brings its trusted approach of bringing a personalized approach for all aspects of the client's needs, budget and other specifics. From rapidly attending to client queries to real-time tech support - these are the pillars on which Liquid Digital's reputation is built on, and has won the company prestigious clients like IBM, Sony and Dell, as well as Australian brands.
Already, the company has harnessed its acumen for building web properties for multiple devices (laptops, computers) and different browsers like Chrome and Internet Explorer to unleash cross-platform development. It therefore focuses development efforts on HTML5 and Adobe AIR, both platforms that are highly suitable for mobile app development.
Not only has the company developed great apps for the general app market for consumers, but it has also successfully forayed into developing enterprise-grade apps for businesses.
The company has already rolled out several apps for Android and the iOS platforms that serve as essential corporate solutions for a variety of Australian businesses.
About the Company
Australia-based digital agency conceptualizes, creates and develops online and mobile solutions that abide by high benchmarks of performance and ease of use. The company is proud of its legacy of creative custom made solutions tailored for every client's unique requirements, scope and persona.
Liquid Digital specializes in offering a comprehensive approach - everything from designing, developing, hosting and providing real-time support for web and mobile properties, including its booming galaxy of apps.
Liquid Digital is proud to have worked with major international clients like IBM and Sony, along with a large number of Australian businesses.
For more information please visit: http://www.liquiddigital.net.au/services/logo-brand-identity.html


text: Well, I thought I unlocked everything in Wario Ware: Smooth Moves, but I just found out on the internet that there is a hidden toy in this. According to a lot of cheatcode websites, all I need to do is to complete all the multiplayer games. I thought I already did, but I did it again. But no... What is this hidden toy and how do I find this? Multiplayer games that I have are : Darts Lifeline Star Nose Survival Balloon Bomb Bungee Buddies Did anyone find the hidden toy?


text:
Results 1 to 3 of 3
Thread: Query Performance
07-02-15, 12:34 #1Registered User
- Join Date
- Sep 2012
- Posts
- 11
Unanswered: Query Performance
Hi Experts,
As Sybase is column oriented database, I am trying to analyze the following 2 scenarios -
We have a database where the system is collecting data every minutes and the amount of data in tables is huge.
Looking at some way to create a query to help gain better performance.
Can you help me understand which of the following query can be best suited for optimum performance where data is huge in tables -
1. A table can have many number of columns, but of this the user is interested to see data only from certain columns.
Creating bespoke view where we only fetch few columns from table.
create view select col1, col2 from table
2. We could create a new user with just select on columns they wish to see on tables using
grant select col1,col2 on table to dcqueryuser
Appreciate any response. Thanks.
07-03-15, 07:27 #2Registered User
- Join Date
- Sep 2012
- Posts
- 11
Appreciate any help on above query. Thanks
07-07-15, 10:10 #3Registered User
Provided Answers: 4
- Join Date
- Jan 2004
- Posts
- 545
There is no difference in performance between option 1 or 2. You can use the select col1, col2, col3 from table query to retrieve the data you need. If the tabe contains a lot of records you might want to use indexes (provided you use where clauses).
What kind of data are you collecting? And what kind of data do you want to retrieve?I'm not crazy, I'm an aeroplane!


text:
10 Rules For Building Wealth
Have you just started your career? What is your investment plan? Do you find it difficult on setting your investment plan to build your wealth? Fortune shows you 10 simple rules for building wealth.
The rules has a focus in stock trading and more into urging every to start early and invest heavily.
- Start early
- Use your 401(k)
- Keep it simple
- Don't try to beat the market
- Don't chase trends
- Make saving automatic
- Go heavy on stocks
- Hold down fees
- Ditch credit card debt
- Defer taxes
10 rules for building wealth – [CNN Money]
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text:
We can supply Bale compressor machine (coconut fibre machine-5) as following: a. Size: L1.5xW0.9xH3.8m b. Pressure:60T x 2 c. Net weight: 2200KGS d. Packing:100KG/Bale, 1.1x0.4mxH0.7m e. Power:15KW f. Capacity:1T/Hour g. Function: Use for making the coconut fibre into bale. Container.
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text:
EMS Supervisor is a complete staff and asset tracking application for your iPhone or iTouch. This extremely versatile software is ideal for any industry ...
Discontinued App
Productivity | iPhone, iPad
Productivity | iPhone, iPad
EMS Supervisor is a complete staff and asset tracking application for your iPhone or iTouch. This extremely versatile software is ideal for any industry not just EMS. No more sifting through numerous spreadsheets on your company's shared drive or computer for information. All of your employee and asset/equipment data and history will be readily available on your handheld device within seconds; anywhere, anytime! With EMS Supervisor you can track any aspect of staff or asset supervision/management. Log such interactions as commendations, competency based behaviors, counseling, discipline, general observations, training and certifications. Drawing upon data for performance reviews, promotions or even grievance hearings is quick and easy. Added features include; editable and "Smart" drop lists that allow for lightning fast data entry and customization for your specific industry, storage of staff photos with each record, display addresses on a map by the simple tap of a button, Call stored phone numbers directly from within EMS Supervisor, find, filter or sort entries, email either a .pdf or .csv of individual records, record sets or the entire table of data, record audio, take a picture or draw a digital sketch and attach them to staff or asset activity records.EMS Supervisor also incorporates barcode scanning into the asset tracking module. As you can clearly see, EMS Supervisor will prove itself to be an invaluable tool and part of your management team!
Version: 1.9
Size: 3.08 MB
Price: 4,49 €
Developed by Rod Edwardson
Day of release: 0000-00-0


text:
Customer Service available Mon - Fri 9am to 6pm EST
Arthur Miller
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Winner of the 1949 Pulitzer Prize and the Tony Award for Best Play
The story revolves around the last days of Willy Loman, a failing salesman, who cannot understand how he failed to win success and happiness. Through a series of tragic soul-searching revelations of the life he has lived with his wife, his sons, and his business associates, we discover how his quest for the "American Dream" kept him blind to the people who truly loved him. A thrilling work of deep and revealing beauty that remains one of the most profound classic dramas of the American theatre.
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text:
FREE SHIPPING on orders of $85 or more
An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2017
Siegal Early Origins
The Great Migration
The Great Migration
Some of the first settlers of this family name were:
Siegal Settlers in United States in the 20th Century
Contemporary Notables of the name Siegal (post 1700)
Contemporary Notables of the name Siegal (post 1700)
Siegal Family Crest Products
Siegal Family Crest Products
See Also
See Also
Other References
The Siegal Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Siegal Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 8 February 2016 at 08:56.
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Where to submit essays
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This tutorial will teach you the how to create a pattern using FL Studio 6. It shows you step by step how to choose a sound, place it properly and also pick a tempo for your song.
In part 2 of this tutorial, you will learn the basics of adding outside sounds and even vocals to your song.
This is a must have tutorial.


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Crowne Plaza Resort Xishuangbanna
Select your stay dates to check availability
Crowne Plaza Resort Xishuangbanna
About the hotel
Property Location
Located in Jinghong, Crowne Plaza Resort Xishuangbanna is close to Mandai Buddhist Temple and Peacock Lake Park. This 4.5-star hotel is within the vicinity of Tropical Flower and Plants Garden and Xishuangbanna Primitive Forest Park.
Make yourself at home in one of the 520 air-conditioned rooms featuring refrigerators and minibars. Complimentary wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and satellite programming is available for your entertainment. Private bathrooms have hair dryers and bathrobes. Conveniences include safes and desks, and housekeeping is provided daily.
Rec, Spa, Premium Amenities
Enjoy a range of recreational amenities, including a health club, an outdoor pool, and an indoor pool. Additional amenities include concierge services, babysitting/childcare, and tour/ticket assistance.
Grab a bite at one of the hotel's 4 restaurants, or stay in and take advantage of 24-hour room service. Relax with a refreshing drink at one of the 3 bars/lounges. Breakfast is available for a fee.
Business, Other Amenities
Featured amenities include a business center, a computer station, and dry cleaning/laundry services. Event facilities at this hotel consist of conference space and meeting rooms.
Hotel Facilities
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Number of restaurants - 4
- Indoor pool
- Children's club
- Meeting rooms
- Health club
- Breakfast available (surcharge)
- Concierge services
- Conference space
- Barbecue grill(s)
- Number of meeting rooms - 16
- Restaurant
- Porter/bellhop
- Outdoor pool
- Computer station
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Number of floors - 4
- Babysitting or childcare
- Business center
- Spa services on site
- Total number of rooms - 520
- Tours/ticket assistance
- Number of bars/lounges - 3
- ATM/banking
Room Facilities
- Rollaway/extra beds available
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- Coffee/tea maker
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- Room service (24 hours)
- Television
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- In-room safe
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(for elementary students)
This year the students will read classic books paired with modern books related by subject or theme. Students in Grades 1, 2 and 3 will choose three pairs to read. Students in Grades 4 and 5 will choose four pairs. All students will create artistic book responses to one pair of books which will be displayed at a one-day Gallery of Reading in the gym. Artistic response ideas for each pair of books are in the lists below.
Students should read the books on their own or with parental help. Please no audiobooks for this challenge, although a read-along is fine.
Click here to visit the Library webpage for reading lists and information.
- Oct 29 Something Old, Something New Reading Challenge Kick-Off
- Feb 1 Reading Completion Deadline
- Feb 7 Artistic Responses Due! Turn in to the Librarian.
- Feb 11 Book Challenge Museum (schedule for class visits/parent visits to be determined)
Please let me know if you have any questions.
Tamara Beecroft-Fornell, Librarian, firstname.lastname@example.com, 503-226-2496 ext. 102


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Re: New computer history video podcast
Expand Messages
- Everyone and anyone, my second show is produced! http://www.classiccomputing.com/CC/Blog/Blog.html
I'm not going to post everytime I create one, so this is the last time. Would appreciate any feedback! Thanks.
David Greelish, Computer Historian
Classic Computing
The Home of Computer History Nostalgia
Classic Computing Show video podcast
Stan Veit's History of the Personal Computer audio book podcast
Classic Computing Expo
(planning / working towards . . . well, soon!)
- Stan Veit's History of the Personal Computer audio book podcast
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text: Finally, the premier league returns! This game has been one of the best 0-0 affairs that I have witnessed. For all those who say a tie isn't satisfying, you haven't seen this game! Open, flowing, bruising, shifting back and forth with balls flying over the top and the keepers making fantastic saves! Gareth Bale for Tottenham and Vincent Kompany and Joe Hart for Manchester City have had brilliant games. Welcome back, EPL!:notworthy:


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Riga Travel Blog› entry 2 of 2 › view all entries
on tuesday Jani, Zaiga, Lelda and I took a train down to Julmala, a seaside resort town that was bery pretty. it would have been lovely but it basically poured rain the entire time!
the place we were staying at actually used to belong to janiš grandma but she signed it over to her sisterš family, who we stayed with because they'd had such a hard time during the soviet times, with some of them spending periods of time in Siberia.
it was a traditional looking house, with a few cabins to rent also on the property. right behind the house is an enormous pine forest. jani zaiga and i played soccer in a clearing in the forst and i'm happy to report that our Dream Team successfully beat the Russian-Latvian Childrens All Stars 5 to 3, i got 2 goals!!
afterwards we had a bbq dinner outside under a kind of sunshade marquee thing, at about 10pm, in absolutley pouring rain, whilst sipping from large shot glasses of chilli/honey flavoured vodka. that stuff burns and thereš no way to get out of drinking it because every couple of minutes they make a toast which you have to drink to.
on wednesday, jani lelda zaiga and i took armein, janiš little second cousin out to this famous swamp - in the pourng rain of course. dad you'd be so proud, not only did we play soccer bur we hired bikes and ode all around the countryside, as well as going on a boardwalk, i felt like i was at the grampians again.
that night we went to the beach for more soccer seeing as the rain had finally stopped and played down there til it got dark, after 11ish. the beach was huge, but ruined by constant bright blue benches, rubbish bins and big changing cubicles all the way along, very weird.
when we got back to Riga on thursday, peter and Ilsa took us to Lido, a gigantic latvian restaurant. the building itself is the biggest log cabin in all of europe, with a windmill on top, and inside there are three separate floors, all with restaurant areas. one of which is like the biggest buffet you've ever seen. there were over 2000 different dishes available, it was scary, seeing as we don't speak latvian, there are people everywhere and just so much to choose from, it was particularly stressful. the food was evetually nice though
afterwards we went to the beer hall part downstairs where there was serious dancing going on. latvian music is basically country and western music, very funny, but they take their dancing very seriously, there were couples twirling up and down the aisles between the tables, it was dangerous. jani fell in love with one of the dancers, he was just sp dprky, he had all black on, glasses and the most revolting mullet you've ever seen... so much fun to watch!!


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The Record Trailer (2000)
26 August 2000 Horror, Thriller 94 mins
A group of students attempt to make a phoney 'snuff' film after a night of drinking and one of them is killed. The dispose of the body without anyone learning of the incident. A year later finds the same guilt ridden students haunted by a ghastly figure and dying gruesomely one at a time.
Watch the official The Record 2000 trailer in HD below or find more The Record videos on Vidimovie.


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Wonderful experience at the BaldPate Inn. Staff couldn't have made me feel more at home and were very accommodating. Room was appointed in a lovely manner, bed was comfortable, and whole place had a rustic charm that was lovely. Fun to nestle into a big overstuffed chair and nestle down with a good book or sit out on the front porch and take in the beauty of the surroundings. Would definitely go back!
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- The Baldpate Inn is key to enjoying serenity in Estes Park. With Rocky Mountain National Park as our neighbor, the log & lace feel of our 1917 National Register Inn pampers you with B&B accommodations in our main lodge guest rooms or our cozy cabins. Enjoy the front porch views, become fascinated by our collections of Keys and Photographs or savor our famous Soup & Salad buffet as you dine in our award-winning specialty restaurant ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Hotels.com, Travelocity, Orbitz, Booking.com, TripOnline SA and Cancelon so you can book your The Baldpate Inn reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Syllabus of WBCS Preliminary ExamFri, 24/12/2010 - 9:09pm
ওয়েষ্ট বেঙ্গল সিভিল সার্ভিস এগজামিনেশন:
West Bengal Civil Service Examination W.B.C.S Preliminary Examination
- The Preliminary Examination will consist of only one paper, viz., a paper on "General Studies".
- The paper will be of an bjective type consisting of 200 multiple-choice questions.
- The paper will carry 200 marks and will be of 2½ hours duration.


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Getting in Touch
We are always interested to hear your feedback and will try our best to get back to you as soon as possible.
TZOA is open to affiliate and partnership opportunities; as well as working with communities to improve their air quality.
We are currently hiring for various positions including software developers, data scientists, product managers, marketing, and UI/UX designers.
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Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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TZOA | ReadWrite Labs
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text: Hi. I came across some data online that changing the exhaust tip or even cutting it to a bit smaller does bring some change in the sound that car produces. Also I was given accessories list by fiat caffe employee where a crome exhaust tip was available to purchase at a price of 2050. Can anyone please throw a light on this matter as i couldnt find any previous threads regarding tthe exhaust tip and improvement of sound of the car with minimal interference caused under the hood.


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Gang Green - Writers Talk the Latest Green Lantern News
As the Green Lantern movie gets closer this fall's filming date, the internet is rampant with rumors about who might be cast in the lead role of Hal Jordan.Screenwriter Marc Guggenheim, who penned the Green Lantern script with co-writers Greg Berlanti and Michael Green, told Newsarama that while he can't comment on casting, he personally is hoping to see someone young enough to carry the role into future films. "I would like to see someone who is, while not being baby-faced by any stretch of the imagination, I would personally like someone who's young enough to carry a franchise going forward," Guggenheim said. Green said the hopes are to build a Green Lantern film franchise that can be carried into future films. "You always write a script with success in mind. And in film, success means future films," he said. The Green Lantern movie, which is being directed by Casino Royale's Martin Campbell, will begin filming in Australia in September for a release date of June 17, 2011. The reported budget for the movie is $150 million. (Although the original targeted date was Dec. 17, 2010, Warner Bros. just last week pushed back Green Lantern's release to 2011, where it's now set to compete with the currently scheduled May 6, 2011, release of Spider-Man 4.) While no actor has been confirmed in the role of Hal Jordan, everyone from Star Trek's Chris Pine to The Notebook's Ryan Gosling have been rumored as being up for the role. And just last week, HitFix cited a source as confirming Bradley Cooper was "most likely" to be cast as Hal Jordan. Cooper, 34, is best known by TV audiences for his roles in Alias and Nip/Tuck, and he appears in this summer's upcoming comedy, The Hangover. And just yesterday, Terminator Salvation actor Sam Worthington's name once again became attached to the movie after he confirmed to Moviehole that he has spoken to director Martin Campbell about the role. "It's one of those things where they're still doing the script," said the 32-year-old actor. "I said, 'Give me a script. Let me have a look at it.' I like Martin a lot. I met him on the Bond stuff, and I like his work, but the second step is, 'Is it a movie that I'd go and see?" That "still doing the script" line shouldn't worry fans too much. Green and Guggenheim told Newsarama that their script has been finished for some time, but it's being refined to make shooting more realistic and to line up with the locations being scouted in Australia. "We're doing, basically, the production pass," Green said. "It's a really fun process because you're taking the things that were still abstract and making it practical and real. We're thinking about it in terms of, 'how will we actually affect this?' as opposed to making it something we were trying to convince the studio to do. It's a nice part of the process because it's no longer a sales document; it's a production script." Guggenheim said the three writers are meeting with Campbell and producer Donald De Line regularly. "We're constantly working on the script and making revisions per our collective discussions and things that are reflected by the other departments in the movie," he said. "It's actually going to be filmed. So that's what's fun and challenging. So we're just working away on it." Besides their work in TV and film, both Guggenheim and Green are also current comic book writers. Guggenheim works on Amazing Spider-Man for Marvel Comics and Resurrection for Oni Press, while Green co-writes Superman/Batman for DC Comics. Green told Newsarama that because the writers are involved in comics, the script is a "fan's take. We're all huge fans of the character." And Guggenheim told Newsarama last year the script is "not only a respectful approach to the character, but it's a loving approach to the entire mythos." That comic book connection gives Green Lantern fans hope for a movie that highlights the space-traveling, multi-hero aspect of the character. In comic books, Hal Jordan is not the only Green Lantern, but is part of an interstellar corps of heroes from throughout the universe who enforce justice with their green energy-emitting rings. The movie seems to be following that universe-wide idea of the Green Lantern mythos, as the writers have confirmed the Green Lantern home planet of Oa is being designed for the film. And as Guggenheim and Green spoke with Newsarama about finding someone young enough to play Hal Jordan in multiple films, the Green Lantern character names Sinestro and Killowog also came up. "The one thing I fear," Guggenheim said, "is that you don't want to end up – and no offense to Roger Moore – but you don't want to end up in the second movie with, like, Roger Moore in A View to a Kill. Where it's like, oh my God, don't strain yourself." "So you're not liking my Peter O'Toole idea?" Green joked. "Not liking your Peter O'Toole idea," Guggenheim said with a laugh. "But then, I tell ya, Peter O'Toole as Sinestro? Hmmm..." "I have an old joke where anytime anyone asks me who I see in any character, I just say Seth Green," Green said. "And I don't think he's a good Hal Jordan. I don't really want him for this movie. But I'm going to stick with that because it always works for me. Then again, Seth Green Kilowog? What do you think?" Check back this week for more of our conversation with Green and Guggenheim about their TV work and a discussion about the future of fiction on broadcast telelvision.
Twitter activity Tweets by @Newsarama


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The Eventide PowerFactor Stompbox Power Supply will simultaneously power up to 3 Eventide stompboxes plus up to four additional pedals. Having 10 regulated and well-filtered DC outlets configured in 8 isolated sections, the PowerFactor will provide steady, clean power for best performance. With a total of 1,600mA it's a perfect solution for bigger rigs only with pedals using a DC power source. The PowerFactor's three powerful sections with 400mA each will power up to three Eventide stompboxes. The first 4 outlets, offering 4x100mA, are perfect for standard 9V battery operated guitar effects pedals.
Eventide PowerFactor Stompbox Power Supply Features
What started as a simple string and pedal sales catalog has grown exponentially over the past thirty years. The early days were a time where catalogs didn't have much of a presence in the industry, but what began as a college dorm room operation grew rapidly. In 1986 we moved to a full product offering and 64-page catalog, which over the years has grown to 162 pages. Join the AMS family and get your free catalog now!
Copyright © 1996-2017 American Musical Supply, Inc. All rights reserved. American Musical Supply reserves the right to correct pricing and/or product specifications in the event of typographical errors found in our print catalog or on our website. If a product is listed at an incorrect price due to such errors or because of inaccurate information received from a supplier, American Musical Supply shall have the right to refuse or cancel any orders placed, whether or not the order has been confirmed and your credit card charged. If your credit card has already been charged for the purchase and your order is canceled, American Musical Supply will issue a credit to your credit card account in the amount of the charge.


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About: Kingston PCT Kingston PCT Surbiton KT5 9AL
Posted by nonopub (as ),
My dear wife has the bad idea to ask NHS for an explanation after we required a full record of my health file from the GP. He asked a nice 40 quid and sent 3 copies of a letter from the hospital I sent him the year before.
After rectifying everything I received some money back and the file in question.
A week later I asked a visit of the home visit GP of that surgery, a speedy guy who never hears what you say and gives you a prescription and nothing gets better.
That time he gave me a medicine for people with bipolar and made a note that I was imagining my pains and my diarrhoea?!?
That's the second time that GP is playing with my health. I will go to see another GP, I know it will be different troubles. Where are the old fashioned GPs we knew?
Are they now becoming simple NHS machine following a book and afraid of practising the medical art?
Now I have that nasty diarrhoea since last year, and different pains. I checked all on the internet and it seem all real with the illness I have.