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Objectives Up to 40% of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) revisions are performed for unexplained pain which may be caused by elevated proximal tibial bone strain. This study investigates the effect of tibial component metal backing and polyethylene thickness on bone strain in a cemented fixed-bearing medial UKA using a finite element model (FEM) validated experimentally by digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE).
Materials and Methods A total of ten composite tibias implanted with all-polyethylene (AP) and metal-backed (MB) tibial components were loaded to 2500 N. Cortical strain was measured using DIC and cancellous microdamage using AE. FEMs were created and validated and polyethylene thickness varied from 6 mm to 10 mm. The volume of cancellous bone exposed to < -3000 µε (pathological loading) and < -7000 µε (yield point) minimum principal (compressive) microstrain and > 3000 µε and > 7000 µε maximum principal (tensile) microstrain was computed.
Results Experimental AE data and the FEM volume of cancellous bone with compressive strain < -3000 µε correlated strongly: R = 0.947, R2 = 0.847, percentage error 12.5% (p < 0.001). DIC and FEM data correlated: R = 0.838, R2 = 0.702, percentage error 4.5% (p < 0.001). FEM strain patterns included MB lateral edge concentrations; AP concentrations at keel, peg and at the region of load application. Cancellous strains were higher in AP implants at all loads: 2.2- (10 mm) to 3.2-times (6 mm) the volume of cancellous bone compressively strained < -7000 µε.
Conclusion AP tibial components display greater volumes of pathologically overstrained cancellous bone than MB implants of the same geometry. Increasing AP thickness does not overcome these pathological forces and comes at the cost of greater bone resection.
Cite this article: C. E. H. Scott, M. J. Eaton, R. W. Nutton, F. A. Wade, S. L. Evans, P. Pankaj. Metal-backed versus all-polyethylene unicompartmental knee arthroplasty: Proximal tibial strain in an experimentally validated finite element model. Bone Joint Res 2017;6:22–30. DOI:10.1302/2046-3758.61.BJR-2016-0142.R1
Article focus
Experimental validation of a finite element model of medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) using acoustic emission data and digital image correlation.
Investigation of the effect of UKA implant thickness and metal backing on cancellous bone strain.
Key messages
All-polyethylene tibial components display greater proximal tibial cancellous bone strain than metal-backed implants of the same geometry at physiological loads.
Altering all-polyethylene component thickness markedly affects proximal tibial strain with thinner implants associated with greater strains.
Strengths and limitations
Strengths of this finite element study include experimental validation, the examination of bone strain and a novel investigation of metal backing in UKA.
Limitations of this study include the use of composite tibias, the performance of a linearly elastic analysis and the lack of kinematic analysis.
The ten-year survival of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) varies from 80% to 96% between implants and institutions.1-3 Unexplained pain is a leading cause of UKA failure, accounting for 24% to 48% of revisions across registries.1-3 Elevated proximal tibial strain and microdamage may cause this pain.4,5 Joint registries do not distinguish between metal-backed (MB) and all-polyethylene (AP) UKAs and there is a paucity of biomechanical evidence to inform decisions between implants of different material.6 Finite element models (FEMs) of UKAs are few in number and most frequently analyse mobile-bearing UKAs.4,7-12 The effect of implant thickness on proximal tibial strain has not been reported.
Orthopaedic FEMs are typically validated using strain gauge experiments. These measure strain only over the surface area to which they are attached. Acoustic emission (AE) can measure failure initiated inside a solid by detecting sound waves produced as material undergoes post-elastic deformation from plasticity or damage.13 During plasticity, dislocation movement and cracking releases elastic waves of energy detectable on the material's surface by piezoelectric sensors in real time.13 AE-detected microdamage has been verified using micro-CT (µCT).13 To our knowledge, AE has not previously been used to validate a FEM. Digital image correlation (DIC) is a non-destructive technique which measures surface strain. It involves observing with cameras the pattern of deformation on loading of a high-contrast speckle pattern applied to a surface. DIC has been used to measure macroscopic and microscopic surface strain in both cadaveric14 and synthetic bone15 and has been used previously to validate FEMs.16,17
The aims of this study were:
the validation of a finite element model of the proximal tibia implanted with cemented fixed-bearing medial UKAs using experimental AE and DIC data;15
to investigate the effect of UKA implant thickness and metal backing on cancellous bone strain.
We hypothesised that proximal tibial cancellous bone would experience greater strain under AP tibial components than MB implants and that this would be exacerbated in thinner implants.
Materials and Methods
Mechanical testing
Full details of the experimental methods can be found in the previous study.15 A total of ten fourth-generation composite Sawbone tibias (model #3401, density Pcf(g/cc) 102 (1.64); Pacific Research Laboratories, Vashon, Washington) were implanted with Sigma Partial (DePuy, Johnson & Johnson Professional Inc, Raynham, Massachusetts) fixed-bearing, non-conforming cemented medial UKA tibial components: five AP, five MB. These synthetic bones are a composite of rigid polyurethane foam (Young's modulus E = 0.155 GPa) simulating cancellous bone and short fibre-filled epoxy composite (E = 16.7 GPa) simulating cortical bone. They have < 10% interspecimen variability and material properties, and mechanical behaviour similar to those of human cadaveric bone.18 The geometry of third and fourth generation tibias is identical.
The proximal tibia was coated with matt white paint and a black speckle pattern applied. Then two charge-coupled DIC cameras (Limess, Messtechnik und Software GmbH, Krefeld, Germany) were positioned to view the anteromedial tibia. Implants were loaded using a servohydraulic machine (Losenhausen Maschinenbau, Düsseldorf, Germany) in 500 N increments to a 2500 N medial load. Cameras were calibrated and images taken at 500 N increments. Images were 60 mm wide, giving a resultion of 0.0375 mm/pixel. Strain in the vertical direction was measured at ⩾ 80 consecutive points along an anteromedial line. DIC analysis was performed using Istra 4D 3.1 software (Dantec Dynamics, Skovlunde, Denmark). AE was measured by two Pancom Pico-z piezoelectric AE sensors (125 kHz to 750 kHz; Pancom, Huntingdon, United Kingdom) and IL40S preamplifiers (Mistras Group Ltd, Princeton Junction, New Jersey). AE recording was continuous and activity > 45 dB amplitude registered as a 'hit'. Computer analysis was performed using AEWin 3.5 software (Physical Acoustics, Princeton Junction, New Jersey).
Finite element model creation and validation
A computer-aided design (CAD) model of a third-generation left composite tibia was obtained from the public domain19 and imported into ABAQUS CAE Version 6.12 (Simulia, Dassault Systemes, Waltham, Massachusetts) as cortical and cancellous parts. Anatomical axes were defined in coronal and sagittal planes. The proximal tibia was cut perpendicular to the coronal anatomical axis at 6 mm depth with 6° of posterior slope. The tibia was cut distally at 200 mm below the intercondylar eminence to reduce computational effort.
CAD models of tibial components (size 3 MB tibia, 8 mm tibial insert and a size 3 8 mm AP tibia) and 1.5 mm cement mantles were created using Autodesk Inventor 2012 (Autodesk Inc., San Rafael, California) based on implant measurements taken with a digital calliper sensitive to 1/100 mm. These were imported into ABAQUS CAE Version 6.12 and assembled creating two models (Fig. 1):
a composite tibia with a cemented 8 mm AP tibial component;
a composite tibia with a cemented MB tibial component and 8 mm polyethylene insert.
All materials were assumed to be isotropic, homogenous and linearly elastic. Material properties are shown in Table I. Linear tetrahedral meshes with mean internodal distances of 1.5 mm to 2 mm were used. Mesh resolution was based on a 2% convergence criterion for the displacement magnitudes in the proximal tibia (Table I).20,21 Cement was bonded to bone and tibial insert to metal baseplate using tie constraints. A coefficient of friction of 0.25 was used between implant and cement.20 The distal tibia was fully constrained. Proximally, the tibia was constrained against medial/lateral and anterior/posterior translations at a node representing the anterior cruciate ligament footprint to prevent non-physiological bending.
Load was applied directly to the polyethylene articular surface. For validation purposes, the medial plateau only was loaded (this reflected the experimental setup where the aim was to detect only microdamage originating medially): distributed load, uniform weighting, applied at the central node over a radius of 6 mm (113.1 mm2 area). This closely reflected the contact area found experimentally of 116 mm2 15 and the contact point reported in kinematic studies.22 A 2500 N load was applied parallel to the tibial mechanical axis. Strain data (volume of cancellous bone elements experiencing minimum principal strain < -3000 µε and < -7000 µε or maximum principal strain > 3000 µε and > 7000 µε, and peak minimum and maximum principal strains) were recorded at each 500 N increment. In accordance with the commonly used convention in engineering, the negative sign denotes compression and positive tension.
To validate each FEM against AE mechanical testing data,15 the mean number of AE hits (sound waves of > 45 dB amplitude signifying microdamage events) on loading and unloading five specimens of each implant was correlated with FEM-predicted cancellous bone strain data. DIC-measured vertical strain was correlated with FEM-predicted cortical bone vertical strain.
Statistical analysis
This was performed using SPSS version 19.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois). Correlation between parametric variables was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. Linear regression analysis was used to explore significant correlations in continuous data with linear relationships. Autocorrelation was tested using the Durbin-Watson statistic (0, positive autocorrelation; 4, negative autocorrelation and 2, no autocorrelation) and residuals were determined to be normally distributed prior to linear regression analysis.
Additional FEM simulations
After validation, additional FEM simulations were undertaken. CAD files were manipulated to create AP tibial components and MB polyethylene inserts of 6 mm and 10 mm thicknesses by adding or removing 2 mm slices. To better represent physiological conditions, and eliminate bending from a unilateral load, a lateral plateau load was added as a distributed load at the central node with radius 6 mm. A 60:40 medial:lateral load division23 was used and a 4170 N maximum total load (2500 N medial load) was incrementally applied. Maximum load was therefore approximately six times the patient's body weight (82 kg (804 N) mean body weight for UKA in our unit)5 and reflects physiologic tibiofemoral loading.24 Material properties, interactions, constraints and boundary conditions were unchanged. Numerical data were extracted for strain variables as before.
FEM validation
Compressive strain correlated with AE data more closely than tensile strain (Table II). The greatest correlation existed between the volume of cancellous bone elements with compressive strain < -3000 µε and the number of AE hits on loading (Table III, Fig. 2). Anteromedial cortical bone vertical strain, measured using DIC, correlated strongly with that predicted by the FEM (Pearson's correlation AP 0.956, p = 0.01; MB 0.885, p = 0.01; all implants R = 0.838, R2 = 0.702; standard error 0.45; Durbin-Watson 0.32) (Fig. 3).
Linear regression analysis of experimental AE data and predicted FEM data are shown in Table III. Regression equations for both implants fitted the data significantly well (analysis of variance (ANOVA) p < 0.005). That is, the dependent outcome variable (AE hits on loading) was significantly predicted by the regression model using the independent FEM variables of volume of elements with strain >3000 µε or < -3000 µε.
For the MB implant, regression equations fitted well for all FEM variables investigated (ANOVA p < 0.01). For the AP implant, regression equations fitted well (ANOVA p < 0.05) for volume of elements with compressive strain < -3000 µε. The equation for tensile strain > 3000 µε did not predict AE hits significantly well (ANOVA p = 0.099). This is to be expected in a model loaded in compression.
Linear regression analysis was based on discrete AE hit data and FEM-predicted strains. The strongest correlations existed for the MB implant (Table III) (p < 0.008 t-test). When data for both implants were combined, correlation was greatest between AE hits and FEM-predicted volume of elements with compressive strain < -3000 µε (Table III). AE-measured microdamage and FEM predicted strains were related with a confidence of > 95%.
Finite element analysis
Loading both plateaus altered the bone strain distribution for both implants: lateral strain shielding and medial metaphyseal flare strain concentrations (bending) were resolved.
Cancellous bone minimum principal strain
A greater volume of cancellous bone was strained below -3000 µε and -7000 µε in the 8 mm AP than the 8 mm MB model at every load (Fig. 4). At lower loads (1668 N and 2502 N), twice the volume of cancellous bone had a compressive strain of < -3000 µε in the AP than in the MB implant. At 4170 N, the volume of elements with compressive strain < -7000 με was three times greater in the AP implants (Fig. 4).
Altering polyethylene thickness significantly affected the volume of overstrained cancellous bone in AP implants. At loads > 2502 N, reducing AP implant thickness from 10 mm to 6 mm increased the cancellous bone volume with compressive strain < -7000 µε by 1.5 to three times (Fig. 4). Altering MB insert thickness made little difference to the volume of bone overstrained (Figs 4 and 5). AP implants displayed 2.2 (10 mm) to 3.2 (6 mm) times the volume of cancellous bone compressively overstrained < -7000 µε compared with MB implants at 4170 N (Fig. 4).
Strain contours demonstrated different patterns of minimum principal strain between implants (Figs 6 to 8). In the MB implant, high compressive strain was confined to the cut tibial surface, but extended much deeper under the AP implant (Figs 6 and 7). In the AP implant, minimum principal strain was concentrated anteromedially in association with the keel and peg (Fig. 7), and at the posteromedial rim of the tibia (Figs 7 and 8). Reducing AP implant polyethylene thickness increased peg and keel concentrations (Fig. 8). In the MB implant, strain concentrated laterally at the implant corner and at the keel, with relative shielding at the peg (Figs 7 and 8). Altering MB insert thickness had little effect (Fig. 8). Peak minimum principal and peak maximum principal strain occurred in elements just anterior to the implant keel in both implants.
Cancellous bone maximum principal strain
When loading in compression, tensile strains are the result of Poisson's effect. Therefore, smaller volumes of cancellous bone experienced more excessive tensile than excessive compressive strains. The volume of cancellous bone with tensile strain > 3000 µε differed significantly between implants at loads ⩾ 2502 N (Fig. 5). Altering MB insert thickness made little difference to the volume of overstrained bone (Fig. 5). Reducing AP thickness from 10 mm to 6 mm increased the volume of cancellous bone with tensile strain > 3000 µε by 1.5 to 3.24 times at loads > 2502 N (Fig. 5). In 6 mm implants, the ratio of cancellous bone volumes with tensile strain > 3000 µε (AP:MB implants) was 5.7:1 at 2502 N and 2.4:1 at 4170 N. For 10 mm implants the ratios were 2.2:1 and 1.8:1, respectively.
The volume of cancellous bone with tensile strain > 7000 µε differed between implants at high loads. At 4170 N the volume of cancellous bone overstrained > 7000 µε increased exponentially in the 6 mm AP implant (Fig. 5). Deformation was greater in AP implants, with more bending in both coronal and sagittal planes.
Cancellous bone strain differed significantly between AP and MB UKA implants with greater volumes of pathologically overstrained cancellous bone in AP implants and higher peak tensile strains. This concurs with mechanical testing15 where AP implants displayed 1.8 to six times more microdamage (AE hits) than MB implants, particularly at loads > 1000 N. Implant stiffness is a function of geometry and material properties. Large differences in the Young's moduli of polyethylene E = 0.69 GPa and cobalt-chrome E = 210 GPa21 result in greater bending of the AP implant. Decreasing polyethylene thickness, and therefore stiffness, increased proximal tibial strain in the AP implant. Load distribution was more even in the MB implant which deformed less. The difference between implants was not overcome by increasing AP thickness to 10 mm. In MB implants, polyethyelene inserts of < 8.5 mm thickness have been associated with unacceptably high von Mises stresses,9 but there is currently no recommended minimum polyethylene thickness for UKA. The keel-associated anteromedial strain concentration was more pronounced in the AP implant. Simpson et al4 have reported a similar anteromedial von Mises strain concentration (140% that of an intact tibia) in the MB mobile-bearing Oxford UKA (Biomet, Swindon, United Kingdom). This has been hypothesised as a source of unexplained anteromedial pain. The lateral corner strain concentration in the MB implant has been reported previously in the Oxford implant.4,10 This is the region with no cortical support and may reflect greater implant deformation here than at cortically supported regions.
Joint registries do not distinguish between AP and MB UKA implants. Poor survivorship of AP UKAs has been reported25-28 with early failures commonly due to tibial loosening, subsidence or pain. Whilst ten- to 15-year survival of 90% to 92% is reported for an AP implant with minimum thickness 9 mm,29 components of 6 mm have been associated with early clinical failure30 and increased wear and osteolysis.31 However, increasing AP implant thickness requires increased resection depth which reduces bone strength32 and increases strain.4 Thicker implants may therefore result in increased tibial component loosening or subsidence, or joint line elevation and coronal malalignment.33 Increasing AP thickness must be balanced against larger bone resection. Actual minimum polyethylene thickness depends upon femoral component radius of curvature and bearing conformity: for the UKA implants here, 7.26 mm (8 mm AP implant) and 6.45 mm (8 mm MB insert).
It is argued that yielding and damage in bone is best described using strain rather than stress.34 Strain-based criteria are numerically more efficient and accurate than stress-based criteria.34 Previous UKA FEMs report von Mises stress and strains.7,8,12 Gray et al8 used 17 strain gauges to validate a composite tibia model (R2 = 0.962, percentage error 5%)8 and a cadaveric tibial model (R2 = 0.98, percentage error 8.8%)7 implanted with the Oxford UKA. Tuncer et al11 used strain gauges to validate cadaveric tibia models with cemented (R2 = 0.85) and uncemented (R2 = 0.62) Oxford UKAs. Our correlation values between experimental AE data and predicted FEM data (Pearson's correlation 0.947, R2 = 0.847, percentage error 12.5%) compare favourably. DIC is a recognised technique for FEM validation16,17 and here has confirmed this validation (Pearson's correlation 0.838, R2 = 0.702, percentage error 4.5%). An advantage of DIC over strain gauges in FEM validation is the number of data points produced for correlation. Grassi et al17 used continuous field of view DIC (50 000 data points) to validate FEMs of the femur. Our experimental region of interest was limited to the proximal tibia, specifically the 30 mm beneath the implant anteromedially, a region previously demonstrated to display elevated strains in UKA.4 Strain was measured along an anteromedial line to measure strain gradation with depth beneath the cut tibial surface instead of using whole field of view. Desite this restricted zone, > 80 data points were provided by DIC for model validation.
The threshold limits of 3000 με and 7000 με were chosen to represent the strains at which cancellous bone is pathologically overloaded and fails, respectively.35 The volume of elements in an FEM which can experience strains above or below threshold limits (e.g. 3000 με or 7000 με) is finite. As the volume of elements experiencing high strain increases, the volume available to experience high strains declines, producing a sigmoid curve with a plateau region where further load increases cannot increase volume. This is very similar to what occurs in acoustic emission: when microfracture occurs with the emission of a hit, that region cannot emit further hits, again producing a sigmoid curve. The consequence of these sigmoid curves is non-linear relationships when microdamage is greatest. At lower strain thresholds (e.g. volume of elements with minimum strain < -3000 με) the graphs for AP and MB implants converge as plateaus are approached. When the threshold is increased (to < -7000 με), data shift to the linear region of the curve and differences between implants are more apparent. As MB implants remain in the linear region of the curve for the parameters measured, linear regression analyses give better predictive regression equations for MB than for AP implants.
A linear elastic FEM was used in this study. Although bone is viscoelastic with non-linear behaviour, linear modelling can be used to reduce computing requirements when loading is not cyclical and not to failure.23,34 Our experimental data support linear model use as the Felicity effect (AE activity occurring before the previous maximum applied load is reached, indicating permanent damage) was displayed by only one specimen at the loads applied.15
Limitations of this study include the use of composite tibias. These do not reflect the graduated trabecular structure of proximal tibial cancellous bone, but are applicable to the "average" tibia. Fourth generation composite tibias were used experimentally whereas the FEM utilised a third generation tibia model. As the geometry did not change between these generations, only the material properties were altered, this should not have affected the results as fourth generation properties were assigned to the FE model. Anisotropic, heterogeneous bone was modelled as isotropic and homogenous and a linearly elastic analysis was performed. This is a common method and does not discredit the differences found between implants here. Gait was not modelled. As kinematic studies have shown the point of contact to change little throughout a range of movement in fixed bearing UKAs, this was considered acceptable.22 The soft tissues of the intact lateral compartment were not modelled and this will have affected lateral strain.
This validated FEM study has shown UKAs with AP tibial components to be associated with greater proximal tibial cancellous bone strain than MB implants of the same geometry. These differences are present at physiological loads and increase at higher loads. Altering polyethylene thickness in MB implants has little effect on bone strain, but thinner polyethylene inserts display high internal strain, which may result in unfavourable wear characteristics similar to TKA.36,37 Altering AP component thickness has marked effects on proximal tibial strain, with thinner implants associated with greater strains. Increasing AP implant thickness to 10 mm does not overcome this difference and comes at the cost of greater bone resection.
Funding Statement This research was supported by grants from the British Association for Surgery of the Knee (BASK), Joint Action (JA) (the orthopaedic research appeal of the British Orthopaedic Association) and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC).
ICMJE Conflicts of Intrest M. J. Eaton declares that their institution has received funding from the Welcome Trust ISSF for a project partnered with Zimmer Biomet unrelated to this work.
- Received May 31, 2015.
- Accepted September 20, 2016.
- © 2017 Scott et al.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attributions licence (CC-BY-NC), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, but not for commercial gain, provided the original author and source are credited.


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The best ? For sure...
Sheridan, I love you. You are one of the best Scoreland girls.
Love this Halloween-themed set! Sheridan is adorable in this witch costume. Tastiest witch I've ever seen. Great set!
Sheridans so sexy she's very attractive & herbody is devine.
LUV her pierced nipples!!!!

subset: commoncrawl


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Myth: "Boat people are illegal immigrants...or economic migrants."
You only have to watch the news and see what's going on in countries like Syria to understand the dangers refugees are fleeing. What would you do if you were in their position?
People who seek asylum by boat are not illegal immigrants or economic migrants.
According to the Parliamentary Library:
Under Article 14 of the 1948 Universal declaration of human rights, everyone has the right to seek asylum and the 1951 Refugee Convention prohibits states from imposing penalties on those entering 'illegally' who come directly from a territory where their life or freedom is threatened.
It goes on to make the following points:
- "The Australian Government usually allocates around 13,750 places to refugees and others with humanitarian needs under its planned Humanitarian Program. Historically, the majority of these places are granted to offshore refugees referred to Australia by the UNHCR, but some are given to refugees who arrived by air or boat and were granted protection visas onshore. However, even during high boat arrival periods, onshore grants to boat and air arrivals combined still only comprise about 50 per cent of Australia's Humanitarian Program.
- The number of people arriving unauthorised by boat in Australia is small in comparison to the numbers arriving in other parts of the world such as Europe. Similarly, the number of asylum claims lodged in Australia is small in comparison to the USA and Europe.
- While about 20 developed nations, including Australia, participate formally in the UNHCR's refugee resettlement program, the vast majority of asylum seekers and refugees are actually hosted in developing countries."
People seeking asylum and refugees are not migrants. The difference is a question of choice – a migrant chooses to leave their home country and may safely return at any time but a refugee has no choice and may not return safely. As the UNHCR explains:
Refugees are forced to flee because of a threat of persecution and because they lack the protection of their own country. A migrant, in comparison, may leave his or her country for many reasons that are not related to persecution, such as for the purposes of employment, family reunification or study. A migrant continues to enjoy the protection of his or her own government, even when abroad.
For more information:
Asylum Seekers and Refugees: What are the facts?
The 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and its 1967 Protocol


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A long and winding road to losing half my body weight....One year on!
Discussion in 'Success Stories' started by Alex_1978, 16 November 2012 Social URL.
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so hey! did i tell you? I MADE KEBABS WITH ATOMIC SAUCE
no, there's no yogurt sauce. the yogurt had gone off, boo hiss. BUT i made the meat using this recipe and subbing the lamb with turkey. atomic sauce recipe here (i used two jalapenos and two habaneros). veg is cuke, cabbage and onion. all of it is SO GOOD
Friday, September 20, 2013
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About 44 percent of Lubbock 911 calls are an inappropriate use of the emergency number, according to an analysis by the Lubbock Emergency Commun-ication District.
People call 911 to ask about power outages, request assistance with stray animals, report crimes that are hours old and even to ask for the correct time.
''We get a lot of calls burglaries, damage to cars that happened the day before or last week,'' Lubbock police dispatcher Melissa Orosco said. ''To them, it's an emergency. To us, it's not. And it ties up our lines.''
Calls to 911 should be reserved for life-threatening emergencies, crimes in progress and fires, emergency officials say.
But because the public often ignores those rules, emergency officials constantly fear that help might be delayed to someone in real need.
Every 911 call is answered. But if police dispatchers get busy, the system forwards calls to the Lubbock County Sheriff's Office.
By the time sheriff's dispatchers get the caller's information and contact police to initiate a response, valuable minutes are lost, Orosco said.
''Those could be real emergencies,'' she said. ''You should call 911 if you have a life-threatening emergency, if you or your property are in immediate danger.
''We get a lot of cell phone callers who use 911 regardless of what they are calling for because it's a free call for them.''
The Lubbock Emergency Communication District, funded by fees charged to telephone customers, pays for the telephones, equipment, computer terminals and dedicated lines used for 911 services. Debra Perry, the district's public education manager, is charged with spreading the word about 911 and the proper ways to use it.
Perry and her team perform demonstrations and role-playing games at schools, community events and civic group meetings. Their message: Call 911 for emergencies to save a life, to stop a crime or to report a fire. Don't call to get weather reports, telephone numbers or information on paying traffic tickets.
''I tell everyone to use it when they need it,'' Perry said. ''If you ever have a doubt, go ahead and call.''
To measure the effectiveness of such education efforts, the emergency communication district recently initiated two surveys.
District officials asked operators in its six 911 centers to classify the types of calls received during two weeks in December.
The Institute for Communications Research at Texas Tech conducted a separate telephone survey in April about Lubbock County residents' use, knowledge and perceptions of 911.
''We wanted to measure if our public education program was doing any good,'' district executive director Michael Grossie said. ''You need to be able to evaluate the effects of this program ... keep an eye on where our public education program is.''
According to the telephone survey, most people understand clear-cut emergencies, such as an intruder entering a home and a child falling unconscious.
Most people also realize that a barking dog or a power outage does not warrant a 911 call, the survey revealed.
But people varied widely on their evaluation of whether to call 911 when a purse is stolen, a child gets stuck in a drain pipe or they witness a car crash but don't know if people are injured.
Perceptions of emergencies can vary, Perry said.
''When I'm talking to people one-on-one, I tell them, 'If you have even the slightest doubt in the back of your mind about whether you should call 911, go ahead and call,' '' Perry said. ''In my personal experience, I know there have been times when I probably should have called, and I didn't.''
When classifying actual 911 calls, dispatchers found that a majority of inappropriate calls were misdialed cellular calls 34 percent and hang-ups, 36 percent.
About 20 percent of the callers misusing 911 should have dialed a seven-digit, non-emergency number for assistance.
''I think that the inappropriate calls, it's just because they don't know who else to call,'' Grossie said. ''They may have even looked in the phone book and just weren't able to find the number they needed.''
Orosco said most people who misuse 911 know that what they're doing is wrong.
''We'll answer, '911, what is your emergency?' And they'll say, 'I don't have an emergency, but ...,' '' she said. ''And they get mad at us when we tell them that's not what 911 is for.''
Communication district officials say they'll continue their education efforts and resurvey the 911 centers and county residents next year.
''We need to get the message across about what is the proper use of 911,'' Grossie said. ''In the past, the focus has always been on kids; we need to change that somewhat and focus on adults as well.''
Elizabeth Langton can be contacted at 766-8795 or email@example.com
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Important Safety Information
Window and Balcony safety for children
An increasing number of children are admitted to hospital with serious injuries as a result of falling from open windows and balconies – especially in warmer weather.
Children aged from one to five years are most at risk as they develop more quickly than you might think and are naturally curious, but lack the ability to recognise danger.
Please share the following safety advice to parents keep their children safe:
Fit child resistant restrictors to prevent upstairs windows from opening to more than 10cm (but you should still be able to open wider in an emergency e.g. fire).
Where possible only open top windows to aid ventilation but is safer
Always supervise children on balconies if relevant – keep the door to your balcony shut so they can't get out without your knowledge.
Remember – children love to climb:
Keep beds, other furniture and other items away from windows that might make it easier for toddlers to climb
Keep pot plants and other objects away from the edge of balconies to prevent children from climbing
Be aware of light weight furniture/objects that children could drag to windows/railings
See The Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents website for more advice on preventing accidents to children.


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Strada - Great Queen Street
Strada is situated at the top end of Great Queen Street, close to the intersection with Kingsway and a short walk from the markets and shops in Covent Garden and some of the best West End theatres. With seating for 94, the restaurant is split over two floors with an open frontage and is perfect for business lunches or a break from shopping. The closest tube station is Holborn.Strada on Great Queen Street is a part of the well-known group of contemporary Italian restaurants located on the high street serving good quality, simple, freshly prepared dishes using the finest seasonal produce available. The menus offer hand stretched pizzas, fresh pastas and risotto, as well as grilled meat and fish dishes.
|Average main course:
|£10.00 (USD13.22) per diner
|Average food spend:
|£30.00 (USD39.65) per diner
Venue Details & Map
Strada - Great Queen Street
- Address
6 Great Queen Street
HolbornLondonGreater LondonWC2B 5DH
- Telephone:
- +44 2074056293


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How to Report an Accident
If you see a serious accident occur on the hill, the F.I.S. code requires you to stop and assist if possible. Ensure that the emergency services are alerted. There are two main ways to do this, depending on the circumstances and location of the accident.
- Phone the ski patrol. There should be an emergency number on the resort map, or you may see it at the base station of the resort. Popping it into your mobile phone is a good idea.
- Ask someone else to ski/board down to the nearest lift station where the lift attendant can be alerted and they can contact the ski patrol.
What the ski patrol will want to know
- The exact location of the incident - try and give as much information as possible. Many runs will have numbered lift markers nearby which are a great help. If you have a GPS, you can obviously give the exact coordinates.
- The nature of the accident - what happened, any potential hazards
- The number of casualties and an idea of the type of injuries (if possible). Let them know if children are involved. Finally, in particular, alert the ski patrol if there is a casualty who is unconscious, not breathing or who has head or spinal injuries.
Once the emergency service(s) have been alerted (i.e. the ski patrol), the priorities at any accident scene can be summarised as:
- SAFETY - consider yourself, the scene and the casualty (in that order)
- AIRWAY - with cervical spine control if necessary
- BREATHING - with provision of adequate ventilation
- CIRCULATION - with control of haemorrhage


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Original paper
Extreme water-level fluctuations determine aquatic vegetation in modified large-river floodplains.
Coops, Hugo; van Geest, Gerben J.
Large Rivers Vol. 15 No. 1-4 (2003), p. 261 - 274
35 references
published: Dec 19, 2003
ArtNo. ESP142015500040, Price: 29.00 €
Water bodies in large-river floodplains are typically dominated by aquatic vegetation. The proportion of macrophyte-dominated lakes varies between years, depending on annually different water-level fluctuations within the lakes. We reanalysed aquatic-vegetation inventories made over five decades in floodplain lakes along the Lower Rhine, and related them to summer inundation and drawdown events. We observed a lower probability of submerged macrophyte dominance (lake cover > 20 %) after inundation in summer, with contrasting responses for different species. Lake-bottom exposure during prolonged low water stages had an opposite effect, resulting in an increased probability of dominance by submerged vegetation and a decrease of nymphaeid vegetation. Our results indicate that under the current, hydromorphologically modified, conditions a small proportion of water bodies in the floodplains has abundant aquatic vegetation, unless new sites are repeatedly created which provide opportunities for colonization. The results are important for management as they help in defining the ecological status of floodplain lakes.
Lower Rhine • aquatic vegetation • floodplains • ecological status


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One Pennsylvania team down, one to go for the Cincinnati Bengals. Andy Dalton threw one touchdown pass and ran for another score, an opportunistic defense forced five turnovers, and the visiting Cincinnati Bengals beat the Philadelphia Eagles, 34-13, on Thursday night.
The Bengals (8-6) took a half-game lead over the Pittsburgh Steelers (7-6) for the last playoff spot in the A.F.C. But their game at Pittsburgh next week is far more important in the standings than this one.
The Bengals might be able to clinch their second straight playoff berth with a win over the Steelers if Pittsburgh were to lose to Dallas this Sunday. A loss to the Steelers, though, could wind up ruining Cincinnati's chances.
The Eagles' season was lost a long time ago. They fell to 4-10, losing double-digit games for the first time since 2005.
There were plenty of empty seats at the Linc, where fans are hoping this is Andy Reid's final season as coach. Reid led the Eagles to nine playoff appearances, six division titles and five N.F.C. championship games in his first 13 years. But the Eagles will miss the playoffs for the second straight year.Continue reading the main story
An interception by Leon Hall set up Dalton's go-ahead 11-yard touchdown run in the third quarter. Then Wallace Gilberry picked up Bryce Brown's fumble and ran it back 25 yards for another score and an 11-point lead.
AMUKAMARA MAY MISS GAME The Giants' starting right cornerback, Prince Amukamara, missed practice with a strained hamstring Thursday and could miss Sunday's game at Atlanta.
Amukamara, who sustained his injury Sunday against New Orleans, has battled back problems and a broken toe since his rookie season last year. He had played in 10 straight games
He expected that a decision on his availability would be made well before kickoff.
"I don't know the plan," he said. "I'm preparing with film as if I'm going to go. So, if I do go back, I know what to do."
Running back Ahmad Bradshaw (knee) and safety Kenny Phillips (knee) also missed practice. Phillips has a right knee sprain. "I really don't know what to comment about that," Coach Tom Coughlin said.
ACTIVISM 'GETTING OLD' Minnesota punter Chris Kluwe's latest campaign for a cause is not sitting well with his position coach.
The Vikings' special-teams coordinator, Mike Priefer, said that Kluwe needed to "focus on punting and holding." Kluwe has been one of the most outspoken players in the N.F.L., taking up public fights for gay marriage and against drunken driving. Priefer, who wants Kluwe to concentrate on his job, said "it's getting old."
On Sunday against the Bears, Kluwe put a message over the Hall of Fame patch on his jersey that read "Vote Ray Guy" for the former Raiders punter. It was an effort to raise awareness that the Hall of Fame does not have a punter enshrined, and it cost Kluwe a $5,250 fine from the N.F.L.Continue reading the main story


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Far from calming waters, O'Higgins report upped the ante
The O'Higgins Commission of Investigation does not appear to have fully achieved its original objective - to scrutinise, elucidate and bring closure to the controversy surrounding Maurice McCabe's broad sweep of explosive allegations.
And if part of the overall mission was to detoxify the atmosphere and restore public confidence in An Garda Síochána, then that too, sadly, has also not been achieved.
Far from calming the waters, the continuing fall-out from the O'Higgins report has ratcheted up the controversy.


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We at Sojourners continue to be deeply concerned for the safety and well-being of Philip Rizk, who was arrested and detained by Egyptian secret police Friday evening following a rally north of Cairo in support of the people of Gaza. Philip has been a contributor to our God's Politics Blog over the years, and has been a clear and consistent advocate for nonviolent action in support of Palestinian rights.
In college, I was a member of the Amnesty International club. Each week we'd receive the story of a "prisoner of conscience"--someone imprisoned for their beliefs, color, ethnic origin, gender, sexual orientation, language, or religion, provided they have neither used nor advocated violence. We wrote letters to government officials on their behalf, asking for fair and prompt trials for all political prisoners, and that they not be tortured or mistreated in any way while in custody. Now somebody I know has disappeared and is in need of that kind of advocacy.
Philip visited our offices here in D.C. a few years back, and we got to learn a bit about his background and how he came to be a passionate advocate for the people of Palestine. Philip is a graduate of Wheaton College and a Christian whose mother is German and whose father is Egyptian. After graduation, he worked for two years in Gaza as a volunteer with a British aid group, and has since been studying for his masters degree at the American University in Cairo. His parents and two sisters also live in Cairo, and as Monday's updates to the Facebook page they've created demonstrate, they too have been harrassed by police since his capture.
Fortunately, Philip's case has receive much needed media attention, including coverage in The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Guardian, and this report from The Associated Press which is both encouraging and concerning:
Amid mounting criticism by rights groups, an Egyptian security official told The Associated Press that an order for Rizk's release has been given but that it hasn't been implemented yet. The official spoke on condition of anonymity because he wasn't authorized to talk to the media.
He declined to elaborate and it was unclear if his remark indicated Rizk could soon be released. Under Egyptian law, even after a judge orders a release, the police can hold on to a suspect citing further investigation.
Rizk's sister Jeanette said the family received no official word about him by nightfall Monday and were increasingly worried.
Egyptian authorities regularly detain activists deemed critical of the government, holding many of them in undisclosed locations without charge. Rights groups have accused authorities of abusing detainees.
As no new updates have been added to the Facebook page since last night, I encourage you to contact the Egyptian embassy in D.C. at email@example.com (yes, the second greatest recipient of U.S. foreign military aid has a yahoo account) and urge them to release Philip immediately, and demand that he not be mistreated in any way while in custody.
We also urge members of all faith communities to hold Philip, his family, and the Palestinian people whose cause he has so sacrificially championed, in their prayers.
Ryan Rodrick Beiler is the Web Editor for Sojourners.
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"Philip Rizk Disappearance Gets Major Coverage, But He Remains Missing"


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Aaargh! "Read" it.
Plus no caps when comment posts… (Rolls eyes at self.)
Go catherine! Go Paula! Kia kaha.
Chris Cleave's comments are encouraging but even he would concede that all is not well in his homeland. British libraries are being closed at alarming rates and the division between writers doing well and writers doing badly is the widest in history. It's unlikely that a senior NZ writer speaking at a UK festival would delve too much into domestic doom and gloom as it hardly uplifting stuff. Interestingly I'm not sure how long Chris Cleave would last as an author based in NZ with so few publishing options available to him and the longest unemployment queue of skilled writers in the Commonwealth. The anger/overreaction/ranting whatever you want to call it directed at the Book Council is a representation of people's frustrations at a historic low point in our literature scene. The way out of this mess is very unclear and many authors are becoming despondent.
i WISH i COULD HAVE BEEN A PART OF YOUR SURVEY! i READ A FAIR AMOUNT OF nz LITERATURE, AND HAVE ENJOYED BOTH THE WORKS OF YOU,caTHERINE rOBERTSON (ALL BUT ONE), AND pAULA mORRIS (ONLY ONE, SORRY!).
mANY OF THE nz gENRE AUTHORS SEEM TO GET BURIED AMONGST THE INTERNATIONAL AUTHORS, AND i SUSPECT THERE ARE A NUMBER OF READERS WHO DON'T EVEN REALISE THAT THEY'RE READING AN nz AUTHOR (SUCH AS nALINI sINGH)UNLESS THEY READ THE AUTHOR BIO.
PERSONALLY, i AM A BIG FAN OF nz GENRE AUTHORS AND WISH YOU ALL A TON OF SUCCESS BOTH NATIONALLY AND INTERNATIONALL – WHERE THERE ARE MORE READERS TO DISCOVER YOUR WORDS (AND i'VE BEEN TOLD BY A ROMANCE WRITER, THAT TO amERICANS, THE nz LOCATION IS EXOTIC AND EXCITING).
I DON'T WANT TO "SHOUT" BUT THIS COMES UP AS CAPS WHETHER CAPS LOCK IS ON OR NOT. personally I THINK YOU HAVE DONE nEW Zealand LITERATURE A GREAT SERVICE BY STARTING THIS DEBATE. I PERSONALLY DO HAVE MY DOUBTS ABOUT FOCUS GROUPS BUT PLEASE DON'T TAKE THAT PERSONALLY. iN FACT I DON'T THINK YOU SHOULD TAKE ANY OF THIS PERSONALLY. yOU DID AN EXCELLENT JOB WITH LIMITED FUNDS. you've SPARKED PASSIONATE DISCUSSION ABOUT nz STORIES IN A WAY NOBODY ELSE HAS FOR A LONG LONG TIME AND WE ARE ALL THE RICHER FOR IT. tAKE A DEEP BREATH. hIDE IF YOU MUST. BUT DON'T SEE THIS AS ANYTHING OTHER THAN A BLOODY TRIUMPH.
Hi Catherine, I think you guys did a good job with a tough assignment. i read it as soon as it came out & was baffled by the reactions. we will have a piece in an upcoming The read about it, and I've had several supportive responses directly to the release from booksellers – a fairly unusual occurence, so it struck a chord. CHEERS, sARAH
But is it a shitstorm? To me it looks like a few people having the same old arguments and no one else paying any attention. As Kevin Chapman put it with his usual eloquence, Yawn.
I'm sorry to come across as negative, Catherine, because I know your intentions were good, but I honestly don't think the survey says anything new, and it's just caused another outbreak of "New Zealand books are boring" "No they're not" "Yes they are", and we're all useless, hasn't it?
(Sorry about the Caps lock. I'm really not feeling shouty.)
Hi catherine
one of the things i've noticed doing publicity for nz titles only, is that we are competing in limited (print) media for space for nz books against a raft of incoming international titles. book publishing is a saturated market! while i love the fact that i can read books from africa and china as well as from those strongholds of literary culture, london and NY, it does make it really hard to for Nz Lit to cut through. not that i personally care whether readers notice a writer's residency status or not.
I've noticed a bit of a change this year – our books (at vup, where i work) have gotten some good media attention (which could be just that they're books that people want to notice!) but I feel far more positive about what's going on in our lit culture than i did when i first started working in this industry. online sites like pantograph punch, the spinoff, book council (i love steph soper's new spot on jesse mulligan), are great at getting notice out. ODt under helen speirs continues to be a fantastic supporter – one of the only newspapers who still publish poetry reviews. kim hill has poetry, kate de goldi reviewing and loads of nz writers throughout the year. sunday magazine is doing some fab stuff under emily simpson, and sally blundell is shaking things up at nz listener. we are also lucky to have stalwart supporters like anne o'brien at AWf, Rachael king at WORD Christchurch and claire mabey of litcrawl.
on the separate point of high/low culture – no artists worth their salt and that I respect make this distinction themselves. if artists start to label themselves as high art producers i would make the call that their next book/album/film/installation will be a piece of shit.
best of luck getting the shit umbrella up in the next gale!
Kirsten mcDougall.
Hear hear Kirsten! we're on the road – waipukurau – AND MAYBE i will have something eLse to say later.
well put kirsten (said she, unaccountably shouting)
One thing that seems apparent in all of this when reading on both sides of the debate is that the perception of how "literature" and NZ writers and genre are viewed is shifting. A paradigm shift has occurred in recent years and perhaps the current model of how things are done/viewed needs to reflect that and move with the times. I personally had no inkling that a survey was being conducted and would have liked to have been involved if i had known. Where I live I am part of a writers group and we have 5 published authors in it. We encourage each other to write and to read NZ authors but we are not always connected into the traditional model of how things work. we know people are reading nz authors but perhaps wouldn't put themselves into a book club or a focus group but these are voices that fall through the gaps. After reading your article above I can appreciate how your methodology works but (and there are always buts) the perception remains, due in part to the way the listener article was written up, that the New Zealand writer pool is very small is seen in a certain negative light. Now, after being able to draw breath and talk in our writers group this survey does demonstrate, as you mentioned, that there is a need for a more exhaustive survey because it seems obvious that as much as there was revealed in the survey there is a huge unknown within the whole local literary scene (literary in the general sense rather than the alluded to elitist sense). I would love to see an exhaustive survey done to show the true sense of where the NZ writing scene is at in New zealand.
Hi there, I'd be interested to see if similar research has been done outside nz to see if there are comparable situations in other countries. For example, do Irish people necessarily read Irish fiction, or dutch read dutch fiction, Australians…, etc.? what are their attitudes to their national literature? positive, negative? it might give this study context, not to mention see if any strategies or approaches have worked overseas in order to connect with a national readership. [sorry about caps] 🙂
For some reason your comment box only permits capitals! Caps lock on or off or otherwise.
My personal experience of New Zealand writing – as an author whose publications now extend over 30 years – is that the effective market does veer more towards non-fiction than fiction. I think it's partly because we have so much overseas fiction. But there is also the issue of cultural cringe, from which NZ is still suffering to some extent. But there is also the issue of pretension, the idea that to be valid, fiction has to be 'literature' and not 'genre'. I think we still suffer from that.
That said, my primary experience, mostly writing non-fiction – is that New Zealand's writing world in general has its closed in-crowds, some of whom have skilfully positioned themselves atop sources of funding, and who act as very efficient gatekeepers. It's meant that those such as myself, approaching those gates with all hope and enthusiasm, are then confronted with a violent rebuff and a virtual inability to get support.
This did not stop me publishing A very extensive range of non-fiction, mostly with Reed, Random House and Penguin, all on my own initiative, commercial merit, and with returns solely from royalties on sales. But all that this triggered from at least one of the 'in-crowds' was an extended and very vicious crusade of public worth-denial, abuse – even personal confrontation such as one very unpleasant moment in the Archives New Zealand reading room. All of it came from strangers who lacked the guts to introduce themselves for a reasonable discussion but did seem quite happy to abuse me for my efforts in their personal fields. Couple that with my experience of "NZBooks" – that VUW quarterly rag – which has a repeated track record of publishing pretentious and over-intellectualised denials of my calibre as a historian and writer, along with flat out lies about my supposed motives and intent when writing – all of which I regard as derogatory to my good name and character – and I have to agree with Peter's commentaries about New Zealand writing being, one way or another, characterised with some very tightly closed and very well defended groups.
GRUMPY. i'M ALSO GETTING THE CAPS LOCk problem.
I've read the report, and all I can say is despite being female and over 45, i fall into the 7% margin of error. perhaps this is because i'm a book blogger who reads genre fiction almost exclusively, so rely on online sources like Netgalley, Facebook groups, and goodreads. And I read a lot more than four books a month, as can be seen on my goodreads profile – Probably 90% of those are ebooks.
Yes, I'm definitely in the 7%. But goodreads say i'm in their 1%, so that doesn't surprise me.
Hi KatherinE. i'M SORRY ABOUT THE CAPS LOCKS, AND EVERYONE RANTING AT YOU FOR THE REPORT. i HONESTLY DON'T KNOW WHY THEY GOT SO MAD. i THOUGHT THE RESEARCH FINDINGS WERE REALLY INTERESTING BECAUSE WHEN i WAS A TEENAGER i DIDN'T LIKE NEW ZEALAND FICTION AT ALL, DESPITE BEING AN AVID READER. i WANTED ESCAPISM, AND READING ABOUT HOME IS NOT ESCAPING. BUT MAYBE WE CAN LIKEN IT TO OUR MUSIC SCENE AS WELL, BECAUSE i DIDN'T LIKE MUCH nz MUSIC, AND NOW I'VE BECOME OBSESSED WITH SO MANY NZ BANDS. I THINK IT'S JUST YOUR PERCEPTION OF WHAT'S 'COOL', AND MAYBE WE NEED TO TAKE MORE PRIDE IN OUR COUNTRY AND BE MORE AWARE OF THE AWESOME CREATIVE STUFF THAT WE MAKE. LIKE, HOME CAN BE COOL TOO. AND THAT'S WHY I REALLY LIKE THE POINT IN THE REPORT ABOUT ADVOCACY, AND HOW THAT HELPED IN THE BOOK CLUBS WHERE THEY WERE ACTIVELY TRYING TO READ MORE NZ FICTION. AND also THAT'S WHERE i THINK THE REPORT CAN BE HELPFUL, because if YOU'VE FOUND THAT PEOPLE HAVE A KNEE-JERK NEGATIVE REACTION THIS INITIAL BELIEF CAN BE CHANGED IF THEY ACTUALLY PICK UP A GOOD LOCAL BOOK AND READ IT. SO MAYBE WE NEED MORE CHANNELS TO RAISE AWARENESS ABOUT NZ FICTION, TO SHOW THE BREADTH OF WORK OUT THERE, THE DIVERSITY, THE AMAZING SHORT FICTION, FLASH FICTION, POETRY, COMICS, AS WELL AS ALL OUR AWESOME GENRE FICTION, TO SHOW PEOPLE THAT THIS IS OUT THERE, THIS IS COOL, AND THE PERCEPTION OF NZ FICTION BEING BORING, OR gloomy and DEPRESSING, IS JUST THAT – A PERCEPTION, ONE YOU CAN EASILY CHANGE. Anyway, just wanted to let you know that i like the advocacy thing, and i hope we can raise awareness of a wider range of local titles to get more people reading and interacting with new zealand literature, because we rock just quietly 🙂
PS: if you're finding the facts in the first bit boring then skip to where it starts being written ALL IN CAPITALS!
We thought it was a great idea: find out what might be putting people off reading, and reading New Zealand fiction in particular. Though accurate stats were hard to find – Nielsen's Book Scan data doesn't include all New Zealand booksellers, and it doesn't include New Zealand writers whose primary publisher is an international one – the stats we did have seemed to show that of the fiction we buy, a low percentage is penned by New Zealand writers. Again, it was hard to know what our total share of the market was in terms of published works, but it looked higher than the number being bought. In other words, New Zealand writers seemed to be missing out on sales – on readers – and we wanted to know why.
It's a topic that has been covered before – in the Sunday Star Times in 2009, in a 2011 issue of North and South, and in a Listener editorial last year. But the people asked for comment were all industry people: publishers, authors, reviewers. No one had gone to the source and asked the people who actually buy and read books. Huzzah – we would do that!
By 'we', I mean Paula Morris and I. We'd been discussing this research for over a year with New Zealand Book Council CEO, Catriona Ferguson. She'd applied for funding and got some, but it was not the tens of thousands quoted by a traditional research firm. Paula and I offered our services to her because a) we were fascinated to find out what readers would tell us, and b) we both have significant professional experience in qualitative research.
I won't list all our credentials (although I have been really tempted to over the last few days). We know our stuff. Our methodology kicks arse – it gets to the heart of what really shapes people's decisions and actions. It does not ask leading questions or for people to rate stuff on a scale of 1 to 10. It has been proven time and again, and it works better than anything we have both experienced in our respective careers in marketing and advertising.
First, we looked to see what other reader research had been done. Feck all: one study by Victoria University Masters student, Pia White. It didn't ask the kind of questions we wanted to, but the reader comments tallied with the theories of the industry pundits quoted above. We were interested to see whether our study would confirm or contradict.
We set up 11 focus groups around the country with keen readers who were in book groups. Our total sample (c. 85 people) has a margin of error of around 7% or a confidence level of 93% (this is how likely it is that the findings correlate with the true population average.). We were skewed to 45+ women, but that fits exactly with the national and international research about which groups are the highest consumers of books. So – not perfect, but (we thought) pretty darn good.
Besides, we had always envisaged this research as a start, not the be-all and end-all. We hoped that it would encourage other industry participants – publishers, booksellers, author associations – to club together and fund bigger and more regular research. Clearly, we were still in a positive frame of mind.
We did the research. We gained some fascinating insights. We discussed these at length and wrote them up carefully and with great thought into a report. The Book Council published the report. We were excited to see what kind of response it would get.
Answer: SHIT STORM!
A Listener article – and other media – latches on to the least interesting but most controversial aspect of the report: DOOM, GLOOM, NEW ZEALANDERS HATE NZ FICTION. WE WOULD RATHER TONGUE KISS MIKE HOSKING THAN READ IT!
A genre fiction writer publishes a furious ranty blog: THE LISTENER ARTICLE IS A TRAVESTY OF JOURNALISM! THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGY SUCKS! THE BOOK COUNCIL IS USELESS! CREATIVE NEW ZEALAND IS SATAN! THE LITERARY ESTABLISHMENT CONSPIRES TO EXCLUDE GENRE FICTION!
MANY people share this blog, with each other and, natch, with Paula and me. They post the link on social media with comments like 'BOOK COUNCIL SUCKS! THIS RESEARCH SUCKS! GO FURIOUS RANTY BLOGGER, YOU ROCK!'
We are attacked by the literary establishment! (They obviously decided to give genre fiction writers a break and turn on us instead.) A renowned publisher with a beard tweets: 'If for years you tell people they think NZ books are boring then ask them if they think NZ books are boring…'
Strangely, because we are not actual cretins, we didn't ask them that. And is the logic weird, or is it just me? Who's the 'you'? who's telling people they think New Zealand books are boring? FIND THEM! HUNT THEM DOWN! IT'S ALL THEIR FAULT!
A university professor emails Paula and asks in a delightfully formal manner whether we have considered that people think New Zealand books are dark and depressing because they are, in fact, ipso facto, QED, dark and depressing? I picture Paula face-palming as she forwards this to me.
We are attacked as anti-Janet Frame!
It is like Doctor Seuss's I Had Trouble in Getting to Solla Sellew. "And new troubles came, from above and below! A Skritz at my neck and a Skrink at my toe!"
No one reads the original report. No one sees that it does NOT say that New Zealanders hate New Zealand fiction. Around 75% did have an initial negative reaction but this was overcome when they read it…I could go on but I'd rather you read the report. Please. Thank you. Here's the link, the report's in a box on the right.
No one asks the Book Council for their opinion. No one asks us for our opinion. Everyone seems to prefer standing behind the critics, shaking their fists and yelling 'YEAH!'
OK, not everyone. On a lone Facebook comment thread numerous people decide the furious blogger's rant is formless and weird, and his comments about old ladies are sexist. They wonder why Paula and I would want to diss genre writers when we are genre writers (I write commercial women's fiction and Paula writes fantasy YA). Paula and I want to hug these people.
A famous genre fiction writer tells me I am awesome for all the advocating I've done for genre fiction. I want to hug her.
I have a go at correcting some of the misconceptions and wrong information. I get somewhere. I tell Facebook friends who are sharing the blog that I wrote the report. They read the report. They are interested. They call it "excellent".
Mostly, though, it is like stopping a tide. I feel depressed and beleaguered. We wanted to shed a little light on the barriers that might prevent readers enjoying terrific New Zealand books, of all genres. We wanted to get people thinking about the opportunities for raising awareness and creating more enthusiastic advocates for our work.
What we got was dumped on from a great height.
I know, poor us. But really, I don't give a monkeys what anyone thinks of me. I do despair at the knee-jerk reaction, the acceptance of supposed truths without a shred of scrutiny – and this from people who foam at the mouth about the death of good evidence-based journalism and the crap that is spewed by social media.
I despair that what Paula and I believe is really quite a great little piece of work has been buried in a shit-pile, and the opportunities it shines a light on will be ignored.
I despair that an 'us' vs 'them' mentality prevailed – people wanted to lash out at an enemy, whether it was Paula and I, the Book Council, Creative NZ, the literary establishment, who or whatever. People wanted to accuse, criticise and create divides, when what we need to do so very badly is join together, be united as a stronger voice and force.
I wanted to hug UK author, Chris Cleave, when he gave the keynote address at the inaugural National Writers Forum (which rocked! Unity, sharing, generosity!). He said: "My first very practical suggestion, for how we as writers can make ourselves useful in these new times, is that we should make sure we stand for something, rather than against everyone else."
Paula and I did that research because we believed it would be valuable and useful. Despite the shower of shitty Skritzes and Skrinks, we still do.


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Knight Rusty Trailer (2013)
08 January 2013 Animated, Family 80 mins
Rusty lives with his dragon Cole and faithful friend Bo in the kingdom of Scrapland, a magical world completely made of scrap-metal. With dreams of winning the great knights' tournament, Rusty acquires a speedy engine for his horse Chopper that propels them into first place. But when the engine turns out to be stolen from ambitious Prince Novel, brave Rusty must redeem his knightly honor, save the kingdom and prove that true friends always stick together.
Watch the official Knight Rusty 2013 trailer in HD below or find more Knight Rusty videos on Vidimovie.


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Stock #590-NDY
Engine: 461 CID V8
Transmission: 700r4 4-Speed Automatic
Mileage: 2880 ( since rebuilt )
Body Style: 2DR
Rear End: Ford 9
Gears: 3.50
Exterior Color: Candy Brandywine
Interior Color: Light Gray
For sale is a 1957 Chevrolet Bel Air located in our Indianapolis showroom. The 1955 to 1957 Chevy "Tri-Fives" are one the most recognizable and sought after American classics on the market. This '57 Chevy is one of the nicest Tri-fives we have had from top to bottom. The first thing you notice on this car is remarkable paint job that leaves you in awe and will make all others jealous. The car was taken down to the bare metal, prepped, and painted using a primer sealer, 3 coats of House of Kolor Nova Orange Shimrin Metallic basecoat, 5 coats of House of Kolor Brandywine Kandy base coat, and then 3 coats of Urethane clear coat to give it a stunning show car finish. This '57 Chevy then received all new bumpers, grille, stainless steel trim pieces, tinted glass, and weather stripping throughout. The interior was professionally done in gray Ultra Leather upholstery with additional custom touches that include: Custom Center Console, Lokar Shifter and Pedals, Flaming River Tilt teering Column and Steering Wheel, Dakota Digital Dash and Cruise Control, and Vintage Air Conditioning. This 1957 Chevrolet Bel Air is powered by its rebuilt 461 CID V8 engine, backed by a 700R4 4-speed Automatic Transmission, and running to a Ford 9" rear end with an Auburn Limited Slip Differential and 3.50 gears. The big block Chevy under the hood was professionally built using a 454 CID block that has been bored out to a 461 CID and outfitted with an aluminum Edelbrock RPM Air Gap Intake, an Edelbrock 750 CFM Carburetor with Electric Choke, and a Comp Cams Xtreme Energy Hydraulic Flat Tappet Cam putting out an estimated 425 horsepower. The upgrades under the hood don't stop there and include: Zoops Serpentine Belt Drive System, Griffin Crossflow Aluminum Radiator with Dual Electric Fans, High Flow Fuel Pump, MSD Ignition, Polished Power Brake Booster, Alternator, Thermostat Housing, A/C Condenser, Polished Aluminum Valve Covers, Ceramic Coated Long Tube Headers, and a Powermaster High Torque Starter. This Tri-Five has an awesome look and stance thanks to 2" inch drop spindles and a set of 17" polished Boyd Coddington wheels at all four corners. Handling and braking duties were also addressed and upgraded with four wheel power disc brakes and power rack and pinion steering. The Options on this 1957 Chevrolet Bel Air for sale include: Air Conditioning, AM/FM Radio with CD Player, Cruise Control, Power Brakes, Power Steering, Power Windows, Tilt Wheel, Seat Belts, Ultra Leather Interior, Custom Wheels, and Radial Tires. Whether you enjoy going to car shows or just getting in a classic icon and taking a cruise, this hot '57 Chevy Bel Air has it all! This 1957 Chevrolet Bel Air for sale is located in our Indianapolis Showroom and can be seen in greater detail, including a High Def video at www.GatewayClassicCars.com. Please call (317)688-1100 or email us at firstname.lastname@example.com for additional information.
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Discussion in 'General Discussion' started by barry50, Jul 2, 2013.
What the difference between black women and white women
(this is a trick question, I just know it)
Their credit score.... lmbaooooooo
LOL couldn't help yourself on that one
It's really not a white or black thing. I think It's all about culture, how and where she's brought up and ultimately how she develops as a person.
If you want to level down and generalize then personally, I sometimes buy into the idea that "white women are more open sexually". Even though it can't really be proven, through experience I guess I keep finding ways to confirm that lol
Case and point....THE HAIR
I'm sorry, but I don't think ever in the history of mankind has a black woman willingly suggest you pull her hair. Just doesn't happen...
Maybe its oral sex 'cause black women know nobody will ...
As some would say "go find yourself a white girl to do that" lol
What about attitudes. Black woman has more bad attitudes and more aggressive than white woman.
The difference in black women and white is personality. Most white women are friendly than black. I work with the public and I see the difference in women. I tell black women to chance they attitude or they go to lose more black men to white women.
White women are easier to find at night
This has to be the best response to a question anywhere on this forum.
Ouch ... a "whiteboi" would get bitch slapped for saying that!
You go saying that kind of thing to the black bitches ... they're gonna get pissed off, for sure!
I am reasonably certain that I am not a "whiteboi"
One of the reasons I think that so many black women are angry or have attitudes is that they dislike be referred to as "bitches".
oh my, that was a misstype ... I meant "witches" ... sorry!
After being married to a couple of 'em. I don't ever want them in my life again...rather be a bachelor then put up with the Bullshit..I know white ladies can be a handfull also..but my experience with the sista's from marriage and their attitudes and assumptions based on the imput of their knucklehead girlfriends..you can have 'em
That is why we brothers fucks with white women because our sisters cause a lot of problems. Sometimes I say smile why you so angry. My wife is from Trinidad and her attitudes is not that bad. But even she noticed that our sisters she work with have that. Basically black woman is the most beautiful woman on earth but it the attitude that makes them ugly.
barry50, an interesting thing happened just this very morning at the 7&11 story down the street. I stopped in to fill my car up with gas & to get a morning paper & coffee. There was one teller behind the counter, and the line was 5 deep waiting to pay. I was second in line, and this black girl (in her 30's I guess) came up to the counter to pay for her a bag of donuts and plopped down $5 bill ... showing the clerk that the donuts were $3.89, and said to keep the change. The clerk told her he had to scan the bag of donuts, first, so she held up the bag up for him to scan, in front of the guy standing at the counter to pay. The clerk told her that she needed to get in line. Ha! She just picked up her $5, set the donuts down on the counter, and loudly said she didn't have time to wait in line that she was late for work, and walked out. I immediately thought of this very thread and some of the comments here. Unreal!
My man that is attitudes. Now I ask u this. Do you want that around you. Years ago. I went to dinner with black lady at a restaurant and order food. Well everybody make mistakes. So the waiter got our food missup and this lady made a big deal about it and it wasnt call. I'm stay with my food but the waiter take her back and bring her want she order. She was very nasty and do you think if that waiter did something to her food. After that nite. I didn't go out with her again. She call couples times after that I simple told her I don't like her attitude.
Have to say that I've seen women of all races have these kinds of attitude.
Hell, even my own Wife, who is usually a loving considerate person, has been known to get ticked off about her food order being screwed up. This I understand as we tend to go to the same places fairly regularly and she is very particular about what she wants, how she wants it and takes the time to make sure that the wait staff understands exactly what she wants. So when it comes out wrong ....
Maybe it's a regional thing, we are in Los Angeles and we have a lot of Black friends, most are women and most of them are very sweet. There are a few with 'tude, especially toward men, but that's mostly because they've been screwed over at some point and there are only a couple that I can say are truly self centered bitches. However, I see the same thing with the Asian, Latina and White women we know as well.
It is unfortunate that some women can be that way, but I don't see that it's a racial thing. Bitch isn't a color.
Oh, it ain't necessarily a gender thing either.
Separate names with a comma.


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What can we do to help women's rights in Afghanistan? How it Started It affected the whole society... Women are capable of doing the same things as men, it's just that no one notices. Women's rights in Afghanistan have suffered through a great amount of disturbance in the last three decades. Rulers like Mujahideen and the Taliban a new set of laws against them saying that they aren't capable. Since most teachers had been women before the Taliban rule, the restrictions on women's employment created a huge lack of teachers, which put huge amounts of strain on the education of both boys and girls. - Ms Shinkai Karokhil, an independent member of the Afghan parliament We don't have to be men, we have to be us. Women's Rights in Afghanistan "The opportunity to learn and participate, we have it … But 80 per cent of women in Afghanistan are illiterate still. More than 90 per cent of women have suffered from domestic violence. So lots of problems exist, life is not absolutely fantastic for women." Even simple things... It was difficult to impossible for women to seek medical attention. It was extremely frowned upon for women to need to go to a hospital, and those who did try to go to a hospital were often beaten. Even when a woman was able to make it to a hospital she had no guarantee that she would be seen by a doctor. Most women avoided the chance of going to the doctor to not take the risk of losing their life. Aisha Mohammadazi, and her story... After having her nose and ears cut off as a punishment for running away from a forced marriage. Currently, Aisha is fighting for the rights of the women in Afghanistan. She is urging abused women to "never give up and don't lose hope". How we can help... You don't have to be Greg Mortenson to help. We as students, can make people aware of this situation. Also, as a family, you can donate to 1 of the many organizations that are taking their time to help others. The Mercy Corps, RAWA and the Women for Women are some of them. Women have struggled to gain freedoms and reform a society that is primarily male dominant. Although women were banned from most jobs, including teaching, some women in the medical field were allowed to continue working "I want to show that Afghan women are capable of doing anything men do, I want to show the conservatives who lock their daughters and wives at home that they should let them out to get an education, earn some money and help rebuild Afghanistan. Ms. Saba Sahar, film director in Afghanistan Bibliography http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2012/apr/22/afghan-films-saba-sahar-women-taliban
http://legacy.lclark.edu/dept/chron/objects/afghan_school.jpg However Tall the Mountain by Awista Ayub Help make this not an excuse How does the lack of rights affect the society? What is the first step? Also, when women get the right to talk, they need confidence which in most countries are gained when they go to school. So if women were given the right to go to school, it would at the end, help women fight for their rights because they have developed those communication skills that we as students learn at school. When women get independent, being able to go to public places by themselves, they gain confidence. When they get confidence, they are able to do things that they were not able to do before. So the first step to helping the women's rights is education.
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Women's Rights in Afghanistan
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Discussion in 'Original Pictures Forum' started by jervin38, Mar 4, 2007.
Some Before And After Pics Of A Recent Cleanup.
One More After Pic
Nice work. How long did it take you to finish it
That looks real good! What did you use clean all that up? How long did it take? How many guys? How much moolah did you charge?
What did you cut it all with? nice job
lol someone dumped off their phone book route.
nice work! i think i wouldve edged up that concrete pad in front of the door, just to clean it up real nice to finish it off. but i know how it gets at the end of the day trying to tie up the ends. nice work, i would like to be involved with something like that
We rented a walk behind brush cutter to clear a path for the fire exit. It ate through all that stuff without breaking a sweat. However, we did have to go through with the chain saw and cut anything that was more than 1.5" in dia.
This job took about 5 hours to finish.
Brush cutting isn't bad as long as you have the right equipment, sounds like you did. Good work. Nice they just need to get the inmates to cleanup the trash.
I think I'd be scared to clean up around there, just by the pics, and that sign on the door, and woods, I don't know, but something tells me that it'd be a little freeky there.
i was waiting to find jimmy hoffa back there


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"The gap between companies' values and absurd lows on the market and panic sentiments lead to a stock rout and therefore we witness sessions with skyrocketing volatility," Gabriel Necula, deputy manager at Prime Transaction stated for Wall-Street.
However, liquidity rose compared to last period, transactions on BSE's regulated stock market amounting to 39.93 million lei. At Rasdaq investors' placements rose to 2.93 million.
BET index that gauges the performance of ten most traded shares listed at BSE dropped 1.72%, while composite BET-C dropped 0.82%.
25 most liquid stocks whose evolution is assessed by BET-XT index lost 3.01% while BET-NG index in the energy field segment slid 3.84%.
Financial investment companies underwent a mixed and extremely volatile performance. At around 13:30 several purchase orders were placed on the market that pushed BET-FI index down 11%.Towards the closing bell, the index slowed down its decline and closed session at -7.43% quotation.
European stock markets were rallying at the closing hour of Bucharest trading. London stock market index, FTSE was increasing 1.62% up to 4,437.56, German DAX was gaining 1.67% up to 5,097.56, while French CAC40 was skyrocketing 2.44% up to 3,583.24 points.
"Today (e.n yesterday), investors panic continued on sweeping off the trading. However, I signaled a detachment from the international markets that had a calm session without any major events. Lack of liquidity and depth have worsened the stock rout on the market", said Necula.
Prime Transaction's specialists said the massive dives registered at financial investment companies had been triggered by massive purchase orders that wiped out the small volume of buy orders. Necula thinks there have been investors who urged in selling out stakes, without taking into account market's evolution.
The decline was in conformity with intraday declines at main European indices, said Florin Irimin, broker at Intercapital Invest.
Despite Stere Farmache's statements designed to slowdown plunges, this was not the reason why FICs tempered down downslide.
The recovery was most likely geared by the upturned context of international stock markets, said Irmin.
Further evolution – uncertain and volatile
"We cannot forecast at the moment, the further direction of the market, but financial prospect remains negative, and this will lead to uncertainty and volatility.
"It is most likely for the volatility to remain high for many sessions ahead. I don't think we will fully detach from international context, the connection will remain high and investors will react to any rumor or news", Intercapital's broker added.
It is possible that markets will recover on short term, as the declines have been dramatic and Irmin believes this move can last longer, and the next negative signal will only push market downwards.
Translated and adapted by Camelia Oancea.
Inregistreaza-te pe Wall-Street sau conecteaza-te prin Facebook pentru a primi periodic articole similare.
In lipsa unui acord scris din partea InternetCorp, puteti prelua maxim 500 de caractere din acest articol daca precizati sursa si daca inserati vizibil linkul articolului Bucharest stock exchange dives despite earlier shutdown.


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Gateway Auto Clinic
Review for Gateway Auto Clinic
Jeff K. on 01/11/2016
Jeff said he has had bad experiences with other business but not with this business. He really appreciates the employees being honest and giving him good service at a decent price.
Vehicle: Jeep Compass
Category: Service
Service Date: 12/21/2015
Review Created: 01/11/2016
This review was collected via phone interview by Customer Research Inc.


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FAHRENHEIT 451 by Ray Bradbury. Fahrenheit 451. Novel of the Future Censorship Gone Wild Modern Classic (Brave New World, 1984) Published 1953 Ominous Warning about the Future of Non-readers and Non-thinkers Role of Government? Equality? Does equal mean the same?.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Ray Bradbury
(American Libraries Association)


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PORTLAND, Ore. (KOIN) – Downtown Portland residents are now opening up about recent protests and speaking their minds.
Most residents said they feel safe and understand why protesters were in their neighborhoods to vocalize frustrations.
With that said, residents had little patience for rioters that turned things from peaceful to violent.
"When you go to Starbucks in the morning, and it's all boarded up, these things come in your mind, you know," said Steve Mendes, a Pearl resident.
He continued, "I am leaving work earlier because I know the MAX street cars will stop, and we have to wait for that. I'm planning ahead a little more."
"The first night it sounded like your average protest. The second night it just sounded like chaos," said Ellen Self, a downtown Portland resident.
"It is kind of alarming," said Susie Whittbrodt, another Pearl resident.
Pearl resident Jake Waldner told KOIN 6 News he doesn't worry about his safety during evenings at all.


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Stock Graphic >> Illustration - Blackboard of English Cut of Chicken 32844 by a Little Vintage Shop @ CreativeMarket
File Size: 7.87 MB; Requirements: Adobe CS1+; Layered: Yes; DPI: 300 DPI; Vector: Yes; Dimensions: 5203 x 3625 px.
This is another version of my Blackboard of English Cut of Chicken, an ideal solution for your butcher shop or your restaurant with a Vintage soul. And you can even smell the aroma of delicious chicken recipes just staring at my blackboard! ; )
- 1 EPS10 file, fully layered, editable with almost all versions of vector programs like Illustrator or Inkscape
- 1 .AI file, fully layered, editable with all versions of Illustrator CS or higher
- 1 .JPG file, approx. 5203 X 3625 - 300 Dpi, color space RGB
All files are editable by the CS Adobe version or higher.
All vector files are composed with a shapes, no paths.
Free use Font: http://www.dafont.com/it/outstanding.font
Do you want a customization of this File? Mail me!
Note: The mokup images are NOT for sale and are NOT included in the sales package.
Keywords: butcher, antique, background, bird, blackboard, breast, broiler, butchery, chalk, chicken, cooking, cuts, english, farm, food, gastronomy, grill, grilled, handwriting, hen.


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Born This Weight: Calling Gaga Fat Won't Make You Any Skinnier.
Fashionasty Presents: Born This Weight: Calling Gaga Fat Won't Make You Any Skinnier. I love "fat" Gaga. I do, fashionasties. I fucking LOVE "fat" Gaga. And you should to… Because you know what?! WHO FUCKING CARES?! First of all: "Honey, you've … Continue reading
Posted in Fashionasty Studies Tagged adele, adele ugly betty, america ferrera, andalite chronicles, animorphs, bachelorette, body positivity, born this way, born this way ball, daria, daria season five, divine, fashion, fashionasty, female trouble, gaga comme des garcon, gaga meat dress, gay rap, jake, john waters, kirsten dunst, lady gaga amsterdam, lady gaga comme des garcon, lady gaga fat, lady gaga high, lady gaga marijuana, lady gaga mary jane, lady gaga weed, lady gaga weight gain, lady gaga weight gain 2012, lizzy caplan, mean girls, mindy kaling, mindy kaling project, mtv, mykki blanco, new york fashion week, nyfw, party down, pink flamingos, plus size, queer rap, regina george, roseanne, roseanne gray, roseanne gray hair, sandy daria, sandy fat like me, tara savelo, tina fey, ugly betty 5 Comments
Keeping Up With The 40/40 Club: Obama [Reading Burn Book]: "What's That Say? Kim Kardashian Is A What?" Beyoncé: Fat Whore.
[Original (f)Art by Fashionasty Jake] Fashionasty Presents: Keeping Up With The 40/40 Club: Obama [Reading Burn Book]: What's That Say? Kim Kardashian Is A What? Beyoncé: Fat Whore. *Cue Lumidee* XOXO, © JAKE THOMPSON
Posted in Fashionasty Studies Tagged 40/40 club, amanda seyfried, burn book, disney chanel, fashion, fashionasty, fundraiser, fundraiser jay z beyonce, jay z beyonce obama, lacey chabert, lindsay lohan, lumidee, mean girls, never leave you, nyc, obama, obama beyonce, obama fundraiser, obama jay z, raven symone, regina george, state of mind, that's so raven, tina fey, ut oh Leave a comment


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'Echoes of PiL and Talking Heads in this piece of ranting, spacey post-punk' The Times
'A dance punk banger' DIY
'Shoulda Known It' – https://soundcloud.com/oh800/shoulda-known-it
London three-piece Oh800 write songs about "those internal freak outs you get, feeling like a kid in your 30's, getting ripped off, as well as the good stuff like love and friendship." Long-time pals Eoin (owen), Gavin and Olly got together to "make music to move to, about life's tricky stuff," and the follow up to their debut single 'Character Building' is set for release on December 9th via Infinite Jest Records.
A solid and uncompromising rhythm section kick off the track before being joined by brooding, razor sharp guitars cutting through the thick, smokey basement party-haze. Mixed by Simian Mobile Disco's James Ford, "Shoulda Known It" is a no nonsense disco-punk banger, ready for the floor. In the band's own words:
'This song is about when you know enough's enough but don't want to get to what's after enough. So you keep going, cos you love it. And you hate it. And you love it. And you hate it. And you love it'
Oh800 play The Social on November 23rd, The Sebright Arms on Nov 24th and The Shacklewell Arms on 1st December.


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First Posted: 2/10/2010
In recognition of International Networking Week, business professionals met at a community mixer held on Wednesday, Feb. 3, at Nichols Village Hotel, The Commons. The featured speaker was attorney Joe Peters, who provides commentary for Fox New Channel in New York and several local news programs. In addition, he hosts a live local talk radio show. He served with President Clinton and President Bush in various roles, including working with Homeland Security. His father, Gene Peters, is a former Mayor of Scranton. The Committee for the mixer, shown, from left, front: Kristen Brooks and Josette Rzeszewski. Back: Jill Shanrock of All About Entertainment; Theresa Collins, Coordinator for the Event; Sue Youtz, Organizer of Event.


text: Olegk1986, ThinkStock [ Local Library Among Finalists for National Award By Eric Stone March 20, 2017 A local library is up for a national honor. Read More Category: Articles, Local News Tags: cedar rapids library, institute of museum and library services, museum and library awards Send to a friend! Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Pin it! Reddit This! Share on Tumblr!