text: MA?SrtCHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY J947 Tfem 0W Massachusetts Horticultural Society PRICE FIFTY CENTS Hs V -•< aH4zi Oxhihitions in 1947 . January 23-24 March 10-15 May 5-6 May 15-16 June 5-6 June 17-18 June 27-28 July 9-10 August 21-22 August 27-28 September 5-6 October 9-10-11 November 6-7-8-9 Camellia Show Spring Flower Show (In Mechanics Building) Daffodil Show Tulip Show Iris Show June Exhibition Delphinium Show Lily Show Cladiolus Exhibition Exhibition of the Products of Children's Gardens House Plant Show Exhibition of Fruits, Vegetables and Flowers Autumn Flower Show ig47 Tear "Book OF THE MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY ^l>n.nnual i\eports for IQ46 and a J[\st of Hooks Z^idded to the J^ihrary Foreword The Committee on Lectures and Publications has the honor to present herewith the twenty-fourth num- ber of the Society's Year Book, with which are com- bined the annual reports for the year 1946. William P. Wolcott, Chairman. Boston, Mass. June 1, 1947 Professor Ray M. Koon Elected trustee at the annual meeting. May 5, 1947 CONTENTS Officers for 1947 5 Committees for 1947 7 Med-als and Certificates Awarded in 1946 8 Garden Committee Awards 13 Special Medal Awards 17 Books Added to the Library Between May 1, 1946 and May 1, 1947 23 Benevolent Fruit and Flower Mission Report 31 Annual Meeting; May 5, 1947 33 The President's Address 33 The Secretary's Report 37 Exhibitions Committee Report 41 Committee on Prizes Report 44 Committee on the Exhibitions of the Products of Children's Gardens Report 46 Library Committee Report 48 The Treasurer's Report 49 Resuh of the Balloting 50 William N. Craig 51 Necrology 52 Honorary Members 53 Corresponding Members 54 An Increased Endowment 55 Bequests to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society 57 Arno H. Nehrling Appointed executive secretary, January 1, 1947 THE BOARD OF GOVERNMENT OF THE MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY President JOHN S. AMES Vice-Presidents Aubrey B. Butler Dr. George 0. Clark Trustees *JoHN S. Ames Harlan P. Kelsey (1948) * Aubrey B. Butler R\y M. Koon (1950) George W. Butterworth (1949) George Lewis, Jr. (1949) Stedman Buttrick (1948) Q. A. Shaw McKean (1949) *Dr. George 0. Clark Elmer D. Merrill (1950) Mrs. John Gardner Coolidge (1949) Mrs. William A. Parker (1948) Mrs. S. V. R. Crosby (1949) Harold S. Ross (1950) Samuel J. Goddard (1950) Mrs. Roger S. Warner (1948) Ernest Hoftyzer (1950) *Edwin S. Webster * Walter Hunnewell William P. Wolcott (1948) Honorary Trustee Oakes Ames Treasurer Walter Hunnewell Assistant Treasurer George Lewis, Jr. Secretary Arno H. Nehrling •Members ex-officio. Dates given are those of expiration of terms. COMMITTEES OF THE SOCIETY For the Year Ending May 3, 1948 Executive Committee JOHN S. AMES, Chairman AUBREY B. BUTLER WALTER HUNNEWELL DR. GEORGE O. CLARK EDWIN S. WEBSTER Finance Committee JOHN S. AMES, Chalrmaai STEDMAN BUTTRICK WALTER HUNNEWELL Budgret Committee JOHN S. AMES, Chairman , "" AUBREY B. BUTLER DR. GEORGE O. CLARK STEDMAN BUTTRICK WALTER HUNNEWELL EDWIN S. WEBSTER Membership Committee GEORGE W. BUTTERWORTH, Chairman _ ,, "^«" ERNEST HOFTYZER R-A.Y M. KOON Committee on Exhibitions ELMER D. MERRILL, Chairman _ . ",,"" SAMUEL J. GODDARD MRS. WILLIAM A. PARKER RAY M. KOON HAROLD D. STEVENSON Conunittee on Prizes DR. GEORGE O. CLARK, Chairman _.", " T,™»,vt ERNEST BOROWSKI Q. A. SHAW McKEAN JOHN ELLIS HAROLD E. WHITE Committee on Library ELMER D. MERRILL, Chairman ^,,"^,™«. MRS. S. V. R. CROSBY MRS. SUSAN McKELVEY GEORGE LEWIS, JR. MRS. ROGER S. WARNER Committee on Lectures and Publications ERNEST HOFTYZER, Chairman _ "^^^ ^«mm RAY M. KOON WILLIAM P. WOLCOTT Committee on Special Medals HAROLD S. ROSS, Chairman ^^ _ ^,^, ___ AUBREY B. BUTLER HARLAN P. KELSEY DR. GEORGE O. CLARK ELMER D. MERRILL Committee on Gardens GEORGE LEWIS, JR., Chairman _ "xT,.T^T,n^rcT t GEORGE W. BUTTERWORTH WALTER HUNNEWELL MRS. JOHN G. COOLIDGE HAROLD S. ROSS Committee on Building JOHN S. AMES, Chairman , _ ^^^ «,^,T,m STEDMAN BUTTRICK WILLIAM P. WOLCOTT Committee on Children's Gardens Exhibitions SAMUEL J. GODDARD, Chairman _^^^ ^ mxTT^rto DANIEL W. O'BRIEN MRS. HENKY D. TUDOR Committee on the Albert C. Burrage Gold Vase HAROLD S. ROSS, Chairman ^ ^ «««TTn>/-.w ALBERT C. BURRAGE, JR. MRS. JOHN G. COOLTOGE DR. GEORGE O. CLARK ELMER D. MERRILL Nominating Conmiittee GEORGE W. BUTTERWORTH MRS. S. V. R. CROSBY MRS. JOHN G. COOLIDGE GEORGE LEWIS, JR. Q. A. SHAW McKEAN Medals and Certificates Awarded in 1946 The Albert C. Burr age Gold Vase Bay State Nurseries, Inc., North Abington, for the most outstanding exhibit in 1946. George Robert White Medal of Honor Dr. Elmer Drew Merrill, former director of the Arnold Arboretum, for eminent service in horticulture. Thomas Roland Medal Thomas H. Everett of the New York Botanical Garden, for skill in horticulture. Jackson Dawson Memorial Medal Miss Isabella Preston, Dominion Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, for dis- tinguished success in the breeding of new w^oody plants, particularly lilacs and crab apples. H. H. Hunnewell Medal Mrs. R. Boyer-Miller, for her estate in Wenham. Gold Medal of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society Dr. A, F. Blakeslee, Smith College, Northampton, for his work as a plant breeder and particularly for his research in the use of Colchicine in plant breeding started at the Carnegie Institute. Gold Medal of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society James J. Hurley, superintendent for Mrs. Robert Treat Paine, 2nd, for skill in horticulture. Silver Medal of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society Mrs. Arthur Adams, for her estate in Dover. Silver Medal of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society Mr. and Mrs. William Stuart Forbes for their estate in Hamilton. Bronze Medal of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society Mr. and Mrs. Ellery Sedgwuck for their estate in "Wenham. President's Cup Bay State Nurseries, Inc., North Abington, for a memorial garden at the Spring Show. Gold Medal Certificate of the Horticultural Society of New York Mr. and Mrs. John S. Ames, North Easton, for a Chinese garden at the Spring Show. Gold Medal Certificate of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Stone, for an informal exhibit of acacias at the Spring Show. 8 MEDALS AND CERTIFICATES — CONTINUED 9 The George Holliday Memorial Prize William Todd, North Uxbridge, for a group of flowering and foliage plants at the Spring Show. Beacon Hill Garden Club Cup Garden Clubs' Exhibitions Committee for a suburban house and garden at the Spring Show. Trophy of the Massachusetts Department of Agriculture William T. Walke & Sons, Inc., Salem, for a group of amaryllis at the Spring Show. Sarah Todd Bulkley Gold Medal of the Garden Club of America F. I. Carter & Sons, Tewksbury, for a garden of cacti and succulents at the Spring Show. Book: Berlese's "Monography of the Genus Camellia" John B. Wills, Winchester, for the camellia alba-plena, best bloom in the Show. Crystal Vases Harold S. Ross, Hingham, for the tulip Alberio Triumph, best bloom in the Show. Edwin S. Webster, Chestnut Hill, for the daffodil Chastity, best bloom in the Show. New England Gladiolus Society 27th Anniversary Prize An illuminated scroll awarded by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society to Wendell W. Wyman, Sharon, for 25 spikes of the gladiolus Deborah Sampson. Gold Medals Mr. and Mrs. John S. Ames, for a Chinese garden at the Spring Show. Bay State Nurseries, Inc., for a Memorial garden at the Spring Show. Boston School of Flower Arrangement (Mrs. Arthur P. Teele, Director), for holiday decorations for the home. Breck's, for a lily garden. Breck's, for a border of garden chrysanthemums. Butler & Ullman, Inc., for a display of camellias. Butler & Ullman, Inc., for a display of gardenias. F. I. Carter & Sons, for a garden of cacti and succulents at the Spring Show. Cherry Hill Nurseries, for the general effect of combined peony exhibits. Dr. George 0. Clark, for a display of clematis. Flying Cloud Farms, Inc., for a display of gladiolus. Frost & Higgins Company, for a garden of 1870 at the Spring Show. Garden Clubs' Exhibitions Committee, for a suburban house and garden at the Spring Show. Garden Club Federation of Massachusetts, for flower arrangements at the Spring Show. Alexander Irving Heimlich, for a display of snapdragons at the Spring Show. Harlan P. Kelsey, Inc., Kelsey -Highlands Nursery, for a wild garden featuring dicentra eximia alba, at the Spring Show. Lexington Nurseries, Inc., for a garden featuring annuals at the Spring Show. New England Carnation Growers Association, for a display of carnations at the Spring Show. Roses, Incorporated, for a display of roses at the Spring Show. Zenon Schreiber (at New York), for a rock garden. Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Stone, for an informal exhibit of acacias at the Spring Show. 10 MEDALS AND CERTIFICATES CONTINUED William T. Walke & Sons, Inc., for a group of amaryllis at the Spring Show. Edwin S. Webster, for a group of chrysanthemums. Edwin S. Webster, for a group of orchids at the Spring Show. Weston Nurseries, Inc., for an informal garden at the Spring Show. Rocco Zeparo, for a display of camellias. Silver Medals Benson & Young, Inc., for a display of snapdragons at the Spring Show. Boston School Gardens — Woburn, for best collection of vegetables and flowers from a school garden. Mrs. E. D. Brandegee, for a group of chrysanthemums. Breck's, for a display of daffodils. Breck's, for a display of tulips. Breck's, for a formal garden of tuberous-rooted begonias. William 0. Causer, for a group of chrysanthemums. Champlain View Gardens, Burlington, Vermont, for a collection of gladiolus. Cherry Hill Nurseries, for an informal garden at the Spring Show, Copley Plaza Flower Shop (Miss Elynor O'Neil), for the story of a woman's life told with roses at the Spring Show. Sherman W. Eddy, Avon, Connecticut, for a garden of 1870 at the Spring Show. Thomas L. Gavin, for an exhibit of dahlias. Garden -in-the-Woods (Will C. Curtis), for a group of chrysanthemums. Garden-in-the-Woods (Will C. Curtis), for a naturalistic exhibit at the Spring Show. Garden-in-the-Woods (Will C. Curtis), for a display of woody plants. Gardeners' & Florists' Club of Boston, for a display of perennials. G. Peabody Gardner, for a display of camellias. Garrepy's Greenhouses, for a begonia garden. Greene Herb Gardens, Greene, Rhode Island, for a kitchen herb garden at the Spring Show. Mrs. J. Norman Henry, Gladwyne, Pennsylvania, for plants of lilium phUa- delphicum showing color variations. Jamaica Plain High School, for a collection of flower show posters at the Spring Show. New England Herb Producer's Association, for an educational herb exhibit at the Spring Show. New England Rose Society, for a display of roses. Oregon Bulb Farms, Sandy, Oregon, for a display of L. davidii. Green Moun- tain, and centifolium hybrids. Mr. and Mrs. Dana Osgood, Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina, for a display of camellias. Mrs. Robert Treat Paine, 2nd, for a display of chr>'santhemums. Parker, The Florist, for holiday arrangements of roses at the Spring Show. John L. Russell, for an exhibit of daffodils. Sandyloam (Alan and Esther MacNeil), North Springfield, Vermont, for an educational exhibit of lily bulbs at the Spring Show. Seabrook Nurseries, Seabrook, New Hampshire, for a display of gladiolus. Van's Nursery and Landscape Service, for a rhododendron and azalea garden at the Spring Show. Edwin S. Webster, for a group of orchids. Edwin S. Webster, for Winter-flowering begonia plants. Bronze Medals Abington Strawberry Nursery (G. H. Rounds), for a display of strawberries. Bennett School — Brighton, for a collection of flowers and vegetables from a school garden. MEDALS AND CERTIFICATES — CONTINUED 11 Boston Mycological Club, for an educational exhibit of fungi at the Spring Show. James J. Hurley, for an exhibit of Nerine fothergilli. Dr. B. E. Lovesey, for an educational display of gladiolus. The Merrys, for a collection of daffodils. Mrs. R. W. Sayles, for a display of daffodils. H. Stanton, for herbs and scented geraniums at the Spring Show. First Class Certificates Clematis Glamour, exhibited by Dr. George 0. Clark. Cymbidium Elizabeth Burxage Draper, exhibited by Orchidvale. Dahlia Felsemere Beauty, exhibited by Martin Gilmore. Sinclair's new variegated ivy, exhibited by George Sinclair. Lilium maximowiczii wadai x L. daurieum wilsonii, exhibited by Ec^ar L. Kline. Potinara Evelyn Harris (SjL.C. Vulcan X B.C. Mrs. Robert Paterson), exhibited by Edwin S. Webster. Awards of Merit Carnation Olympic, exhibited by Littlefield-Wyman Nurseries. Carnation Sidney Littlefield, exhibited by Littlefield-Wyman Nurseries. Chrysanthemum Anne Lawrence, exhibited by Alex Gumming. Chrysanthemum Margaret Moeller, exhibited by Waltham Field Station. Clematis Nona, exhibited by Dr. George 0. Clark. Cymbidium Baldur var. Bronze King, exhibited by John S. Ames. Daffodil E. H. Wilson, exhibited by Breck*s. Lilium concolor racemosa, exhibited by F. L. Skinner. Lilium davidii Dr. Abel, exhibited by the Oregon Bulb Farms, Inc. Estate Lily, exhibited by MoHutchinson & Company. Lilium philadelphicum showing color variations, exhibited by Mrs. J. Norman Henry. Lilium Thunbergianum Dr. George Clark, exhibited by Louis Vasseur. Snapdragon May Lothrop, exhibited by C. H. Lothrop. Tulipa Praestans, Pamir, exhibited by Harold S. Ross. Mendel Tulip — Van der Eerde, exhibited by Harold S. Ross. Votes of Commendation Carnation Olympic, exhibited by Littlefield-Wyman Nurseries. Gladiolus Alice Ayer, exhibited by Luther P. Benedict. Gladiolus Canopus, exhibited by Stephen Chase. Gladiolus Display (The Life of a Gladiolus), exhibited by Mrs. Harvey L. Stone. Gladiolus Hall's Apricot, exhibited by Lt. Col. G. M. Churcher. Gladiolus Kuhn originations, exhibited by Chester F. and Dorothea J. Kuhn. New Holland Gladiolus, exhibited by Carl A. Hall. Gladiolus Pink Frills, exhibited by Lt. Col. G. M. Churcher. Gladiolus Spindthrift, exhibited by Stephen Chase. Gladiolus displayed in Wishing Well, exhibited by George J. Moore. Lilium Barbara, exhibited by William Crosby Horsford. Bush Buttercup squash, exhibited by Colprit's Nursery and Seed Farm. Single early tulips Sunburst, Mme. Gevers and Miss Grayson, exhibited by Harold S. Ross. Cultural Certificates Mrs. G. William Anderson, for a display of vegetables. Peter Arnott, for Winter-flowering begonia plants. Peter Arnott, for a group of chrysanthemums. 12 MEDALS AND CERTIFICATES — CONTINUED Peter Arnott, for specimen bush form chrysanthemums. Peter Arnott, for a display of daffodils. Benson & Young, Inc., for Arctotis grandis (Blue African Daisy). Ernest Borowski, for geranium Barbara Hope. >, Breck's, for garden chrysanthemums. Butler & UUman, Inc., for Hadley gardenias. William 0. Causer, for a display of chrysanthemums. Dr. George 0. Clark, for camellia semi-double blush. Dr. George 0. Clark, for a display of clematis. Thomas L. Galvin, for an exhibit of dahlias. Alexander Irving Heimlich, for a display of snapdragons. James J. Hurley, for Nerine fothergilli. Oregon Bulb Farms, Inc., for collection of Green Mountain and centifolium hybrids. George Palmer, for begonia Turford Hall. George Palmer, for an exhibit of freesias. Harold S. Ross, for Tulipa chrysantha. Pasquale Vasaturo, for a display of gladiolus. WiUiam T. Walke & Sons, Inc., for a group of amaryUis. Vote of Thanks Archie A. Ashley, for wax snap beans. P. Barrett, for gladiolus seedlings. Simon Benne & Company, for gladiolus — New Holland varieties. Mrs. Georgianna Billingsley, for an arrangement of tuberous begonias. Mrs. Georgianna Billingsley, for an arrangement of Autumn crocus. Mrs. E. D. Brandegee, for a display of camellias. Copley Plaza Flower Shop (Miss Elynor O'Neil), for flower hats. Mrs. Helen L. Cotter, for an Easter lily. S. L. Davenport, for seedling grapes. Mrs. John Davis, for a dracaena plant. Charles R. Dewey, for wild flowers. George W. Dickey, for water lilies. Warren H. Dowling, for new gladiolus "Abnaki". Florists Telegraph Delivery Association (Boston Unit), for a display of carnations. Garden-in-the-Woods (Will C. Curtis), for an arrangement of lilies. Mrs. Charles H. Haddrell, for Fantasy — ^parrot tulip. Mrs. Charles H. Haddrell, for Sirene — cottage tulip. William J. Hurley, for a Christmas garland. Miss Isabel A. Johnston, for an arrangement of perennials. Sydney G. Kimpton, for camellias in variety. Sydney G. Kimpton, for single camellias. Lincoln School — ^Brookline, for house plants. New England Carnation Growers Association, for an arrangement of carnations in a living-room. Perrine-Scott Farms, for gladiolus seedlings. Harold S. Ross, for Molucella laevis (Bells of Ireland). John D. Runkle School (Grade V) — -Brookline, for a model of a lighthouse garden. John L. Russell, for a display of tulips. Dr. K. W. Thompson, for Euphorbia splendens (Crown of Thorns). Mrs. George G. Whitney, for an arrangement of dried material. Mrs. W. S. Williams, for Lycoris squamigera (Sununer amaryllis). John B. Wills, for the camellia alba-plena. John B. Wills, for the camellia Professor Charles Sprague Sargent. J. B. Witherby, for a seedling pear. Yoder Brothers, for a collection of new chrysanthemum varieties. Garden Committee Awards The Board of Trustees have awarded the following medals on the recommendation of the Committee on Gardens: The Hunnewell Medal to Mrs. R. Boyer-Miller for (her estate in Wenham, which is an exclusive one, attractively landscaped, with many trees and shrubs. The grounds, which are on a hillside, are terraced on three levels, the supporting walls being planted witlb appropriate rock plants. The committee noted with approval the skilful manner in which the formal part of the estate has been made to blend into the informal section, which contains great numbers of kalmias and other shrubs. As a matter of interest, this estate has been brought to its present state of excellence in a relatively brief period of fifteen years. A Silver Medal to Mrs. Arthur Adams for her estate in Dover, which has many interesting features, including a charming woodsy walk around a pond, where native shrubs and trees have been planted with excellent taste. An unusual feature of the estate which greatly interested the committee was a large fruit garden completely sur- rounded by apple and pear trees trained on wires, in both espalier and fan-shaped form, the trees being well covered with fruit, at the time of the committee's visit. A Silver Medal to Mr. and Mrs. William Stuart Forbes for their estate in Hamilton, where the house and garden have been tied to- gether with exceptional skill, an intimate effect being obtained such as is seldom seen. A green house with a pool is just below the eye as one looks from the living room window, and close by is a rose garden and a well-placed hei^b garden. Looking across the green garden, several fine old trees are seen. A Bronze Medal to Mr. and Mrs. EUery Sedgwick for their estate in Wenham, which was found interesting and distinctive because of the great variety in planting material which it contains, especially as regards woody plants. The place has a large number of orna- mental cherries and many trees which have a weeping habit and which are well grown. This is a place of particular horticultural interest, with a great many plants, some of them not too common, which have been assembled by the owners over a series of years. George Lewis, Jr., Chairman 13 Dr. Elmer Drew Merrill Awarded the George Robert White Medal of Honor Special Medal Awards At a meeting of the Board of Trustees on January 7, 1947, several medals were awarded on the recommendation of the Special Medals Committee, Mr. Harold S. Ross, Chairman. The GEORGE ROBERT WHITE MEDAL OF HONOR for service to horticulture was awarded to Dr. Elmer Drew Merrill, former director of the Arnold Arboretum. Dr. Merrill's career in botany began at the University of Maine, where he received his B.S. degree in 1898, his M.S. in 1904, and an honorary Sc.D. in 1925. Harvard University also conferred an honorary Sc.D. and the University of California an LL.D. in 1936. His unequalled reputation as a specialist on the botany of the Philippines, Malaysia and Indonesia began in 1902, when he went to Manila as Botanist of the Bureau of Agriculture and the Bureau of Forestry. He became in succession Professor of Botany and head of the Department of Botany in the University of the Philippines, and Director of the Bureau of Science. In addition to administra- tive work in building up these young institutions, he wrote many papers on the botany of north China, the Philippines, Malaysia and Polynesia, and described 3000 new species of plants. A new phase of his career was begun in 1923, when he became Dean of the College of Agriculture and Director of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of California. In 1930 he was called to New York as Professor of Botany at Columbia University and Director of the New York Botanical Garden, which two posts he held until 1935. In that year he was appointed Professor of Botany and Administrator of the Botanical Collections at Harvard University. Although he retired in 1946 as Administrator, he con- tinues to hold his appointment as Professor of Botany at Harvard. Dr. Merrill is the author of more than 400 papers on the botany of north China, the Philippines, Malaysia and Polynesia, and is a member of many scientific and learned societies in Asia, America, and Europe, including the Linnaean Society of London, from which he has a medal, and the Royal Swedish Society, of which he is the only American member. The THOMAS ROLAND MEDAL for skill in horticulture was awarded to Thomas H. Everett. He is not only a finished garden craftsman but also has the ability to train others in the art of garden- ing. Mr. Everett's own early training was acquired in British gardens culminating with his graduation from Kew in 1927. He came to the United States shortly thereafter and soon took charge of the H. E. Manville estate in Pleasantville, N. Y. While at the Manville estate he became well known for his exhibits of greenhouse plants at New York shows. From the beginning of his American experience, Mr. Everett established himself as a horticultural writer. During this 17 18 RECIPIENTS OF SPECIAL MEDALS Thomas H. Everett burgh. Also, there have been the building Rock Garden and plant hunting trips in the The JACKSON DAWSON MEDAL and propagation of plants was awarded Until recently assistant in ornamental plant breeding in the Division of Horti- culture, Central Experi- mental Farm, Ottawa, Canada, Miss Preston was born in Preston, Lanca- shire, England, in which country she was trained in the best tradition of British gardening. Lily growers will thank Miss Preston for what she has done with their favorite flower, to men- tion only the so-caUed "stenographer" hybrids which have been displayed at recent shows. Miss Preston is the author of the recently published book entitled "Lilies for Every Garden," over the first edition which ap- peared in 1929. early period in this coun- try, he returned to Eng- land to receive the much coveted National Diploma in Horticulture from the Royal Horticultural Soci- ety: Appointed horticultur- ist at the New York Botan- ical Garden in 1932, Mr. Everett was given the job of revitalizing one of the country's great indoor plant collections. After that followed the establish- ment of a gardeners' train- ing program modeled after the Royal Botanical Gar- dens of Kew and Edin- of the Thompson Memorial search of American alpines. for skill in hybridization to Miss Isabella Preston. Miss Isabella Preston RECIPIENTS OF SPECIAL MEDALS 19 Another lengthy project which Jj|s turned out well and bears Miss Preston's name is Syringa prestonae which combines the two lilacs, S. villosa and S. reflexa. Miss Preston has also contributed to the development of roses having introduced such hardy bush varieties as Mohawk, Huron, Iroquois, and climbers such as Patricia Macoun and Langford. Iris growers are also familiar with her introductions of Siberian iris such as Canadian Rivers, Pembina, and Ottawa. A large GOLD MEDAL for research in plant breeding was awarded to Dr. Albert F. Blakeslee. At present a member of the Botany Department of Smith College, Dr. Blakeslee has, in the years since he was graduated from Wesleyan University and Harvard, carved out not one but several careers in botany. During that time he has been a staff member at Harvard and at the Uni- versity of Connecticut, was director of the Car- negie Station for Experi- mental Evolution and is now at Smith, still pur- suing the principles of plant genetics. One of Dr. Blakeslee's earliest contributions was as co-author with C. D. Jarvis of two publications on trees in Winter. These books are still much sought after. The much publicized technique of influencing plant heredity by apply- ing the drug cochicine to cause chromosome changes, was one of Dr. Blakeslee's innovations. Other contributions of Dr. Blakeslee to genetics are best known only to scientists interested in the fundamental life processes and the ways to control these processes. In the long run these fundamental investigations may prove the most practical. Farmers and gardeners will come to appreciate what Dr. Blakeslee was doing all those years that he was culturing a datura which to them is just a weed. Another investigation of great interest to gardeners was conducted Dr. Albert F. Blakeslee 20 RECIPIENTS OF SPECIAL MEDALS at a New York flower show some years ago when Dr. Blakeslee w as on hand to test the human sense of smell by asking vis- itors to sniff this and that carefully chosen flower and register their likes and dislikes or lack of anv sensation of either kind. A GOLD MEDAL for skill in horticulture was awarded to James J. Hur- ley. He has long displayed his skill in gardening at exhibitions of this Society. His displays for Mrs. Robert Treat Paine, \\. for whom he is head gar- dener, have been outstand- ing. Mr. Hurley has also been a very active mem- ber of the Gardeners and Florists Club of Boston for nearly 40 years. He has held many offices in that organization during that time and participated in all its activities. James J. Hurley Books Added to the Library A List of Accessions Made Between May 1, 1946 and May 1, 1947 This list is so arranged as to serve as a supplement to the catalogue. Members are urged to make use of it. Library Accessions HORTICULTURE General Bralliar, F. B. The southern gardener. 1946 Dallimore, W. The pruning of trees and shrubs, being a description of the methods practiced in the Royal botanic gardens, Kew. 1945 Farnham, R. B., ed. Grounds for living. 1946 Findlay, H. Gardening for health and happiness. 1946 Home Garden. 500 common garden mistakes corrected. 1945 Hottes, A. C. Plant propagation; 2d ed. 1940 Calendars Dempsey, P. W. A year in my garden. 1938 Jenkins, D. H. Around the garden. 1947 Wilson, H. V. P. 1947 garden calendar, day by day record of engage- ments. 1946 History Geiser, S. W. Horticulture and horticulturists in early Texas. 1945 AUXmiARY SCIENCES Soil Science Bennett, H. H. Elements of soil conservation. 1947 Bruce, M. E. Common-sense compost making. 1946 Darwin, C. Darwin on humus and the earthworm; intro. by Sir Albert Howard. 1945 Hopkins, D. P. Chemicals, humus and the soil. 1945 Howard, Sir A. The soil and health, a study of organic agriculture. 1947 Laurie, A. Soils and fertilizers for greenhouse and garden. 1946 Mickey, K. B. Health from the ground up. 1946 Mickey, K. B. Man and the soil, a brief introduction to the study of soilconservation. 1945 Millar, C. E. and Turk, L. M. Fundamentals of soil science. 1943 Pfeiffer, E. Practical guide to the use of bio-dynamic preparations; new and enl. ed. 1945 23 24 BOOKS ADDED TO THE LIBRARY Shewell-Cooper, W. E. Soil humus and health. 1944 Spurway, C. H. Soil testing, a practical system of soil diagnosis. 1935 Worthen. E. L. Farm soils, their management and fertilization; 3d ed. 1941 Diseases and Insects Ferris, G. F. Atlas of scale insects, series 4. 1942 Forsberg, J. L. Diseases of ornamental plants. 1946 Horsfall, J. G. Fungicides and their action. 1946 McClintock, J. A. and Fisher, W. B. Spray chemicals and application equipment. 1945 Smith, R. C. Common insects of Kansas. 1943 Westcott, C. The gardener's bug book. 1946 Weeds Canada. Dept. of agriculture. Seed branch. Weeds and weed seeds illustrated and described, with notes on seed cleaning. 1935 Robbins, W. W. Weeds of California. 1941 ORNAMENTAL PLANTS General Mitchell, S. B. Your California garden and mine. 1947 Wilkinson, A. E. Encyclopedia of trees, shrubs, vines and lawns for the home garden. 1946 Greenhouse and House Plants Chabot, E. Greenhouse gardening for everyone. 1946 Free, M. All about house plants. 1946 Goldsmith, M. 0. Picture primer of indoor gardening. 1946 Taylor. H. V. and Johnson, K. H. Commercial flower production. 1936-1939 Wright, W. J. Greenhouses, their construction and equipment; rev. ed. 1946 Monographs American rhododendron society. Rhododendron yearbook. 1945 Boyle, L. M. Orchid town is America's foremost Cymbidium orchid grower. 1946 British carnation society. How to grow perpetual-flowering carna- tions. 1940 Haselton, S. E. Cacti for the amateur. 1938 Haselton, S. E. Epiphyllum handbook. 1946 Haselton, S. E. Succulents for the amateur. 1946 Hume, H. H. Camellias in America. 1946 Kumlien, L. L. The friendly evergreens. 1946 Laurie, A. Garden and greenhouse chrysanthemums. 1946 McNeil, A. and E. Garden lilies. 1946 Mansfield, T. C. Alpines in colour and cultivation. 1946 BOOKS ADDED TO THE LIBRARY 25 Portland, Ore., chrysanthemum society. Chrysanthemums, how we grow them out of doors; 2d ed. 1946 Preston, I. Lilies for every garden. 1947 Schneider, G. The book of choice ferns. 1890. 3 vols. Solly, C. Hardy bulbs. 1946 Sprague, H. B. Better lawns. 1945 Washington (State) university. Arboretum foundation. Handbook of rhododendrons. 1946 Wilson, H. V. P. Geraniums — pelargoniums for windows and gar- dens. 1946 ECONOMIC PLANTS General Dahlgren, B. E. Tropical and subtropical fruits. 1947 Duran-Reynals, M. L. The fever-bark tree, the pageant of quinine. 1946 Gunther, E. Ethnobotany of western Washington. 1945 Jaques, H. E. Plants we eat and wear. 1943 Morton, K. and J. Fifty tropical fruits of Nassau. 1946 Vegetables Comin, D. Onion production. 1946 Quarrell, C. P. Intensive salad production; 3d ed. 1945 Sunset magazine. Sunset's vegetable garden book. 1946 Thompson, H. C. Asparagus production. 1946 Herbs Whitehead, G. E. Garden herbs — culture, storage, uses. 1942 Food Processing Houston Council of Texas garden clubs. The gardener's cook book. 1945 Tressler, D. K. Into the freezer and out. 1946 Fruit ^' Allen, W. E. A treatise on an entirely original system of cultivating cucumbers . . . forcing broccoli . . . etc. ca. 1825 Bush, R. Frost and the fruit grower, 2d ed. 1946 Gardner, V. R. The cherry and its culture; rev. ed. 1946 Lucas, I. B. Dwarf fruit trees. 1946 Mowry, H. Miscellaneous tropical and subtropical fruits. 1941 Robinson, D. H., ed. Vegetable and fruit growers' conference. 1945 *Speechly, W. A treatise on the culture of the vine. 1790 Talbert, T. J. General horticulture; principles and practices of or- chard, small fruit and garden culture. 1946 Taylor, H. V. The apples of England; 2d ed. 1945 26 BOOKS ADDED TO THE LIBRARY Wagner, P. M. A wine-grower's guide . . . wine-growing in America, the management of a vineyard, and the choice of suitable wine- grape varieties. 1945 BOTANY General Cuthbert, M. J. How to know the spring flowers. 1943 *F . . . . The four seasons: a short account of the structure of plants. 1865 Merrill, E. D. Merrilleana, a selection from the general writings of E. D. Merrill. 1946 Muenscher, W. C. Keys to woody plants; 5th ed. rev. 1946 Genetics and Plant Breeding Bergen, J. Y. Jr. and F. D. Primer of Darwinism and organic evo- lution. 1890 Clausen, J. Experimental studies on the nature of species, II. Plant evolution through amphiploidy and autoploidy. 1945 Darlington, C. D. Chromosome atlas of cultivated plants. 1945 Haworth, J. P. Plant magic. 1946 Lysenko, T. D. Heredity and its variability . . . trans, from the Russian. 1945 Shaw, F. J. F. A handbook of statistics for use in plant breeding and agricultural problems. 1936 Monographs Ames, B., illus. Drawings of Florida orchids by Blanch Ames, with explanatory notes by Oakes Ames. 1947 Benson, L. The cacti of Arizona. 1940 Conard, H. S. How to know the mosses. 1944 Ramsbottom, J. Edible fungi. 1943 Rayner, M. C. Trees and toadstools. 1945 Stern, F. C. A study of the genus paeonia. 1946 Floras Brimble, L. J. F. Trees in Britain, wild, ornamental and economic, and some relatives in other lands. 1946 Coker, W. C. and Totten, H. R. Southern trees; 3d ed. 1946 Degener, 0. Plants of Hawaii national park, illustrative of plants and customs of the South Seas. 1945 Dormon, C. Forest trees of Louisiana. 1941 Embury, E. C. American wild flowers. 1946 Hutchinson, J. A botanist in southern Africa. 1946 Limbach, R. T. American trees. 1942 Lundell, C. L., ed. Flora of Texas, vol. 3. 1942-1944 BOOKS ADDED TO THE LIBRARY 27 Schroeter, C. Alpine flowers, with color plates by P. A. Roberts. 1946 Schroeter, L. and C. Colored vade-mecum to the alpine flora; text in English, French and German; ed. 10 and 11 in 1. Stone, H. E. Flora of Chester county, Pennsylvania, with especial reference to the Flora Cestrica of Dr. William Darlington. 1945 West, E. and Arnold, L. E. Native trees of Florida. 1946 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE General Good, A. H. Park and recreation atructures, II. Recreational and cultural facilities. 1938 Journal of Horticulture. Plans of flower gardens, beds, borders . . . ca. 1870 Morris, N. A. Your book of garden plans. 1946 Ortloff, H. S. and Raymore, H. B. Garden planning and building; rev. ed. 1945 Pierson, L. R. The garden way from east to west. 1934 *Puckler-Muskau, H. L. H. Andeuitung Uber Landschaftsgartnerei. 1834 Weir, L. H., ed. Parks. 1928. 2 vols, in 1. Plant Materials Lamson, M. D. Gardening with shrubs and small flowering trees. 1946 Nehrling, H. My garden in Florida and miscellaneous horticultural notes. 1944-1946. 2 vols. O'Donnell, T. C, ed. A garden for you. 1946 Sturrock, D. Shade and ornamental trees for south Florida and Cuba. 1946 Wilson, H. V. P. Perennials preferred. 1946 Descriptions of Gardens Bath, G. H. America's Williamsburg. 1946 *Lindelberg, H. T. Domestic architecture. 1940 Oneal, C. M. Gardens and homes of Mexico. 1946 Salem (Mass.) Garden club. Old Salem gardens. 1946 Stevens, W. 0. Old Williamsburg and her neighbors. 1938 AGRICULTURE General. Country Life Anderson, H. P. Your career in agriculture. 1940 Barraud, E. M. Set my hand upon the plough, an account of five years in the Women's land army. 1946 28 BOOKS ADDED TO THE LIBRARY Earle, A. M. Home life in colonial days. 1899 Fenske, T. H. Arithmetic in agriculture. 1945 Greenberg. D. B. So you're going to buy a farm. 1944 Hudelson, R. R. Farm management. 1943 Jones, M. M. Shopwork on the farm. 1947 Moreland. W. S.. ed. A practical guide to successful farming. 1943 Ogden, S. R. This country life. 1946 Orwin, C. S. Problems of the countryside. 1946 Pearson, H. S. Success on the small farm. 1946 Schmidt, H. G. Rural Hunterdon, an agricultural history. 1945 Shannon, F. A. The farmers last frontier: agriculture 1860-1897. 1946 Teague, C. C. Fifty years a rancher . . . half a century devoted to the citrus and walnut industries of California and to furthering the co-operative movement in agriculture. 1944. Tetlow, H. We farm for a hobby and make it pay. 1940 Wend, M. How to live in the country without farming. 1944 Forestry. Conservation Gifford, J. C. Living by the land . . . Florida, the southern United States and the Caribbean region. 1945 Lord, R. Behold our land. 1938 Sinmions, J. R. Feathers and fur on the turnpike. 1938 \an Dersal. W. R. The land renewed: the story of soil conservation. 1946 Westveld, R. H. Forestry in farm management. 1944 Wilde, S. A. Forest soils and forest growth. 1946 NATURE STUDY General Fenton, C. L. Our living world. 1946 Jaeger, E. Wildwood wisdom. 1946 Oliver, G. S. Our friend, the earthworm. 1945 Teale, E. W. Near horizons, the story of an insect garden. 1944 Van Dyke, J. C. Nature for its own sake; first studies in natural appearances. 1898 BIOGRAPHY Gross, F. Grand Seigneur: Prince Hermann Piickler-Muskau. 1943 Harris, R. C. Johnny Appleseed source book. 1945 Ward, C. H. Charles Darwin and the theory of evolution. 1943 Birds Forbush, E. H. Natural history of the birds of eastern and central North America; rev. and abridged with the addition of more than 100 species bv J. R. Mav: illus. bv L. A. Fuertes, A. Brooks and R. T. Peterson. 1946 BOOKS ADDED TO THE LIBRARY 29 Goodrich, A. L., Jr. Birds in Kansas. 1946 Peterson, R. T. A field guide to the birds. 1939 Pough, R. H. Audubon bird guide. 1946 ESSAYS AND POETRY Borland, H. An American year. 1946 Hellings, M. L. Pastoral days. 1945 Hottes, A. C. 1,001 Christmas facts and fancies; 2d ed. 1944 Moldenke, H. N. Plants of the Bible. Mudge, E. L. God in gardens, poems on the Holy World. 1946 FINE ARTS Biddle, D. and Blom, D. Flower arrangement for everyone. 1947 Perkins, J. Floral designs for the table. 1877 Priest, A., ed. Chinese flower and fruit prints. 1946 Taber, G. and Kistner, R. Flower arranging for the American home. 1947 Teele, W. Facts about flower arrangement. 1946 Wertsner, A. Make your own Merry Christmas. 1946 TRAVEL Cox, E. H. M. Plant hunting in China. 1946 Thoreau, H. D. Cape Cod. 1914 Yeager, D. G. Your western national parks. 1947 BOOKS FOR CHILDREN Hogan, I. Nappy planted a garden. 1944 Huntington, H. E. Let's go outdoors. 1939 Lenski, L. Strawberry girl. 1946 Nisenson, S., illus. A picture book of nature. 1943 Paull, G. A squash for the fair. 1946 *To be used only in the reading room. Gifts to the Library The Massachusetts Horticultural Society acknowledges with thanks gifts to the Library from the following donors: Ames, Professor and Mrs. Cakes Drawings of Florida orchids by Blanche Ames, with explanatory notes by Oakes Ames. Chick, Mrs. W. G. Your career in agriculture, by H. P. Anderson. Curtis, Mrs. Edith Farm management, by R. R. Hudelson. A practical guide to successful farming, ed. by W. S. Moreland. 30 BOOKS ADDED TO THE LIBRARY Farringtox, E. I. The soil and health, by Sir Albert Howard. FiNDLAY, Hugh Gardening for health and happiness, by H. Findlay. Hall, Margaret Flora of the Colosseum of Rome, by R. Deakin. A century of ferns, by W. J. Hooker. Ferns, British and exotic, by E. J. Lowe. 8 vols. Herb Society of America Guide to the Shakespeare garden at the College of St. Elizabeth, by Sister Helen Angela. Edible fungi, by J. Ramsbottom. Ingold, Jack Heredity and its variability, by T. D. Lysenko. International Harvester Co. Man and the soil, by K. B. Mickey. Health from the ground up, by K. B. Mickey. LiNDEBERG, H. T. Domestic architecture, by H. T. Lindeberg. McKelvey, Mrs. S. D. Emergency food plants and poisonous plants of the islands of the Pacific, by E. D. Merrill. Merrill, E. D. Merrilleana, a selection from the general writings of E. D. Merrill. MOLDENKE, H. N. Plants of the Bible, by H. N. Moldenke. Orcutt, Mrs. P. D. The four seasons, by S. M. F. Child's book of nature, by W. Hooker. QuiNN, Mrs. M. E. Garden planting and building, by H. S. Ortloff and H. B. Ray- more. Ste-ajins, Mrs. Foster Florum cultura ... by 1. B. Ferrari. Gardens of the Great Mughals, by C. M. Villiars Stuart. Teele, Mrs. W. Facts about flower arrangement, by W. Teele. Waltham Field Station, Massachusetts State College. A collection of 25 volumes on gardening. Webster, Mrs. H. Feathers and furs on the turnpike, by J. R. Simmons. Willl\ms, Mrs. F. G. New England book of fruits, by J. M. Ives. Benevolent Fraternity Fruit and Flower Mission On June 1st of this year the Benevolent Fraternity Fruit and Flower Mission began its 79th year of continuous service and its 23rd year that it has been privileged to maintain its Headquarters in the basement of Horticultural Hall. We wish to express again our deep appreciation to the Trustees. It was with sincere regret that we learned of the resignation of Mr. Farrington who has always been interested in our work, a true and kind friend. We were happy to know that Mr. Nehrling was to take his place as secretary. Five hundred and ninety-two hampers and cartons were received at our Centres from 28 towns during this past summer, a gain of 91 over last year. Grafton, Lexington, Duxbury, Hanover, Scituate, Winchester, Peabody, WoUaston, Westboro, Arlington, Lincoln, Weston, Sharon, Beverly, Newton Centre and Groton had a 100% record. Concord and Hingham missed only one week. Grafton was again our banner town for the fourth year with a total of 93 hampers and cartons. Lexington was second and Duxbury third. The distributions at Thanksgiving, Christmas and Easter were very happy times for us as we were able to reach 438 individuals with baskets, gift sprays and gift packages. These mean a great deal to our recipients as is shown in their "thank you" letters. Mrs. Geoffrey G. Whitney kindly contributed 30 Spring Flower Show tickets for special people who could not have attended other- wise. It was a gala day for them and one they will long rememlber. Flowers from the different shows have been sent to brighten many a hospital ward. The Fruit and Flower Mission is grateful to all our friends who make it possible for us to do this work. Ethel E. Hudson, Executive Secretary ai Sediomr of the Submrbmm Homse mmd Gmrdem, strnged by Bmy Simte Nmneries, /nc^ of \orth Abingtam, mi the 1947 SfHmg Flower Shorn; mmmrded Ae President's Cup for 1947. Reports of the Officers and Committees Presented at the ANNUAL MEETING, MAY 6, 1947 The annual meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society was held at Horticultural Hall at 3:00 P.M. on May 6, 1947, with the President, Mr. John S. Ames, in the chair. He appointed Mr. James Geehan, Mr. Edwin F. Steffek, Miss Faith Freeman and Miss Lucille Hubbard as tellers. Mr. Arno H. Nehrling, the secretary, read the call for the meeting and the minutes of the previous annual meeting, after which the president presented his annual address. The President's Address Perhaps the most significant development in 1946 was a surprising upsurge of interest in the Society and its work, as indicated by the membership figures. More than 1600 new members were added in the course of the year, breaking in this respect all records in the Society's long history. The total was, in fact, about 300 more than had been added in any previous year. The highest total on any previous date was 9,044. Then it became necessary to increase the dues from two dollars a year to three dollars, and in the two follow- ing years a total loss of 2,000 members was sustained. This loss has now been regained, as the increase has continued so far in the present year. The total membership as of today is 9,440. Doubtless the most important event in 1946 was the announcement that the Department of Internal Revenue in Washington had reversed itself in respect to its classification of this Society. Twice before, serious efforts had been made to gain recognition of the Society as an educational and charitaible organization and, therefore, not sub- ject to inheritance and gift taxes. Both attempts had failed. Last Summer, Mr. Charles Hovey, acting as the Society's attorney, and with the assistance of his associate, Mr. Kenneth W. Bergen, prepared a very long and comprehensive brief, based on material supplied by the staff at Horticultural Hall, and with the authority of the Executive Committee, and filed it with the Department. This time, the arguments were so unassailable and the presentation so 33 ANNUAL MEETING 35 brilliant, that the Society was promptly given a new classification, and no taxes will be imposed on bequests and gifts to the Society. The campaign for adding to the Society's Endowment Fund was brought to a close at the end of the year 1946, although contributions are still coming in from pledges. The campaign was not as success- ful as had been hoped, but the amount raised was not insignificant, the total now standing at $31,319.95. Bequests of $50,000.00 each were made to the Society by Miss Marion Roby Case and her sister Miss Louisa Case, and half of this amount has already been received. The Joseph E. Chandler property was sold for approximately $25,000 and $20,000 was received to- gether with a note for $5,000. The Society is deeply grateful for the interest and generosity of these donors. In the course of last year, Mr. Richard C. Paine found it necessary to resign as a Trustee of the Society, and Mr. Stedman Buttrick was chosen by the Trustees to fill out Mr. Paine's unexpired term. Mr. Buttrick is an ardent gardener, and has a beautiful estate in Concord, where he specializes in the growing of irises, having an unusually comprehensive collection. The president, with members of the House Committee, and a com- petent builder, looked over the exterior of the building last year and came to the conclusion that certain repairs should be undertaken as soon as feasible. The pointing up of the bricks on the front and on one side is particularly necessary. Ejnergency work of this kind was undertaken at once on the back of the building to correct a bad leak. The structural soundness of the building is, however, a matter of comment, and architects sometimes look it over to observe the unique methods followed in its construction. Interior repairs, made impossible while the war lasted, are needed and probably can soon be undertaken. Early this year, it again became necessary to seek legal assistance, when the Society learned of a bill before the legislature which would permit levying taxes on Horticultural Hall unless the practice of accepting rentals should be abandoned, thus entailing an annual loss of from $6,000 to $8,000. At a committee hearing in February, however. Commissioner Long, who apparently initiated the proposed legislation, said that he would willingly accept an amendment to exclude horticultural societies from the bill, permitting it to affect only agricultural societies. It is my pleasure to announce that this Spring the Society has received from our former president, Mr. Edwin S. Webster, a large portrait of himself. It has been hung in the secretary's ofiSce. This portrait was executed in November of 1925 by the well-known painter 36 ' ANNUAL MEETING Philip A. de Laszlo. The Society is fortunate in having such a valu- able addition to our collection of portraits of the presidents of this Society. On January 1st, 1947, Mr. Edward I. Farrington resigned as secre- tary after 23 years of extraordinarily valuable service. He succeeded William P. Rich, who also served the Society over a long period of years. At the time Mr. Farrington took over his duties as secretarv, the affairs of this Society were rather dormant. But, during his years of activity, when he served under the following presidents, Albert C. Burrage, Edwin S. Webster and myself, Mr. Farrington completelv revitalized the organization. Between 1923 and 1946, he increased the membership, for example, from 1,010 to nearly 9,000. In addition, he greatly extended the services and influence of the Society so that it became a national organization of great impor- tance. Membership now, for instance, includes 46 of the 48 states. And of particular service to this Society, as well as to all gardeners everywhere, Mr. Farrington developed our magazine HORTICUL- TURE to a commanding position in gardening journalism. He brought this magazine with him to this Society, greatly enlarged its circulation both locallv and nationally, and made it not only our official publication, but also that of the New York Horticultural Society, the Pennsylvania Society, and the Garden Center of Cleve- land. While it is impossible to overvalue Mr. Farrington's services, and while we are all conscious of the loss his resignation means to the Society, we have been fortunate to be able to appoint Mr. Arno H. Nehrling to his place. We believe that we are to be congratulated in having a man of Mr. Nehrling's experience and capacity available and willing to undertake the duties and responsibilities of the sec- retaryship. You will remember that for the past 14 years, Mr. Xehrling has been a very highly respected member of our staff and the man who has been responsible for the successful operation of our flower show program. Mr. John S. Ames, President Report of the Secretary (Since Mr. E. I. Farrington, secretary of the Society for 23 years, resigned as of January 1, 1947, and was succeeded by Mr. Arno H. Nehrling, this report is a joint statement by both gentlemen. The report was presented by Mr. Nehrling.) It is my privilege to begin this presentation of the report of the secretaries of this Society by expressing my obligation to my pred- ANNUAL MEETING 37 ecessor, Mr. Farrington. As Show Director, I worked with him for the 14 years ending this January and, in that time, I found him al- ways cooperative, always capable and always unselfish in promoting the welfare of our organization and of all related horticultural inter- ests. Such success as it may be my good fortune to experience in my present office, I will owe in no small measure to the example set by Mr. Farrington. As the president has reported, the number of new members added last year broke all records in the Society's history. It is pleasant to state that this rate of increase has continued into the present year. It must be remembered, however, that the losses must be taken into account before a total increase in membership can be figured. As a rule, from 800 to 1,000 new members must be enrolled each year to compensate for the number of names which are removed. A study of the necrology list in the Yearbook will indicate the reason for many of the removals. The Society's growth cannot be maintained without unremitting efFort. Fortunately, all the exhibitions offer an excellent opportunity to present the Society's activities to new people. Each year, too, several hundred persons who have become interested in the Society through its magazine HORTICULTURE change from subscribers to members. The large increase in membership among persons in distant states is due, probably, to the fact that through the m'agazine they learn about the Society's library and its policy of sending books to members wherever they may live. The reputation of this great library is nation-wide. Undoubtedly, it serves more persons than any other library of the kind in the United States. The books sponsored by the Society have continued to have a wide sale. The Gardener's Travel Book has been completely revised and is in the publisher's hands. Mrs. Mollis Webster's Herb book, the Lawn book and the Rock Garden book, out of print for several months, have been placed in the hands of a new publisher and soon, it is hoped, will be ready for distribution again. The sale of garden books in general, carried on through the Society's Book Department, has shown rapid growth, and is appreciated as a service. Negotiations were completed last Fall for the purchase of Man- ning's Plant Buyer's Index from the widow of the late J. Woodward Manning and this valuable book is now the Society's property. Sev- eral months will be required for its revision, but when it is issued in a new and improved form, it is certain to be well received, for already orders or inquiries are coming in. Last year, the Society did its part in the promotion of home vege- table gardens. It is felt now, however, that the food emergency has come to an end and that no reason exists why the Society should 38 ANNUAL MEETING undertake to sponsor vegetable gardens, although it is ready at all times to assist any organization or group of persons working to encourage the making of home vegetable gardens, or, indeed, gardens of any kind. I attended the organization meeting of United Horticulture in Cleveland last year and am a member of the Board of Directors. Our Society has been working toward such a project for many years, concrete plans having been outlined in HORTICULTURE long before the subject began to assume general interest. Last year I also attended a meeting in Washington called by the Department of Agriculture to discuss the food situation from the viewpoint of the amateur gardener. It was decided that vegetable gardening should be encouraged but that the program should also include extensive planting of ornamentals. At a meeting of the Trustees last year, it was voted that the money received from the sale of the Joseph Everett Chandler property in Sudbury shall appear on the Society's books as the Joseph Everett Chandler Memorial Fund. The Trustees also voted last year to participate in a plan to place a suitable stone on the grave of the late Ernest H. Wilson, the Arnold Arboretum's famous plant hunter, in Mount Royal Cemetery in Mon- treal. Donations for this purpose were started by the Royal Horti- cultural Society with an appropriation of $500. Annual members will be interested to know that the Trustees have voted that they may become life members by paying an amount equal to three dollars a year from any given date to a period marking 25 years of membership. It is the custom of the Trustees to make life members of all persons who have been annual members for 25 years. An active and prominent member was lost last year when William H. Judd, propagator at the Arnold Arboretum, died suddenly after running to a fire near his home. Mr. Judd served as a judge over a long period of years and seldom missed an exhibition. He was fre- quently called upon by members of the staff for help and advice. It is pleasant to learn that a fund for a memorial to Mr. Judd is being raised at the Arboretum. The garden awards, the special medal awards and the award of the Burrage Cup for 1946 have been announced in HORTICULTURE. They represent conscientious work on the part of three able com- mittees. Just a week ago, this Society, as well as all American horticulture, suffered a great loss in the passing of William N. Craig of Weymouth. Formerly a vice-president of this Society and for years one of the ANNUAL MEETING 39 outstanding exhibitors at our flower shows, Mr. Craig was without question one of the outstanding plantsmen of our country — if not of the world. His knowledge was encyclopedic and, as the many medals and awards he received from this Society testify, his skill was equally great. In a very real sense, he represented what may be termed the "old school" of horticulture. Today, fashions have changed. This is an age of specialists, even in gardening, and we no longer have young men developing whose acquaintance with all phases of gardening can equal that of those masters whose ranks, already very thin, are now further reduced by the death of our mutual friend and colleague, William N. Craig. Plans for the year ahead, as previously mentioned, begin with a serious and continued effort to increase our membership well above the present mark of 9,440. We hope to have at least 10,000 by the first of the year and from that point to go on. Although this Society is already the largest of its kind in North America, and only surpassed in all the world by the Royal Horticultural Society of London, we face an urgent need for an expanding membership. The primary necessity for this is that, in the post-war world, our obligation to be of service to all gardeners has greatly increased. As can be readily seen, we can meet this obligation of service primarily only through an enlarged membership. A second development is the enlargement of our flower show pro- gram — both in the number of shows and in the content of each individual show. For example, this Society is producing 12 shows in 1947. Of this dozen, ten are free to the public. The importance of this item of our services is based upon the fact that through our shows we reach a very large number of people and at least introduce them to horticulture and to gardening. It is certain that by no other means could our Society thus meet this part of its obligation to our country. The development of our show program also includes effective co- operation with other organizations, particularly those of a horti- cultural nature. For example, in 1947, our shows have been and are being held in cooperation with such organizations as the Chrysanthe- mum Society of America, the American Peony Society, the American Delphinium Society, the American Rose Society, the American Iris Society, the American Rock Garden Society, the New England Gladi- olus Society, the New England Carnation Growers Association and others, including such organizations as the Arnold Arboretum, the Massachusetts State College, the Waltham Field Station and similar educational and horticultural institutions. In fact, to summarize this point, it is not too much to say that because of this Society, Boston 40 ANNUAL MEETING is not only maintaining its place in horticulture, but has actually become the horticultural center of America. A fourth development is the reactivation and the enlargement of our educational activities. For instance, our lecture program, be- ginning next Fall, will bring to our platform the country's most prominent speakers and authorities. At the same time, we hope to institute primarily educational courses in such subjects as landscape design and botany. This Spring, and somewhat in the nature of an experiment which, I am happy to say, has promise of great success, we have instituted two new types of lectures. The first is a free course of evening lectures on planting the home grounds. This is intended primarily for veterans who have just acquired new homes, but it is meeting the needs of all families who wish to plant or to improve their home grounds. The attendance has far exceeded our expectations. The second is a free course of instruction for school children between the ages of 10 and 15. It is aimed at teaching the elements of gardening, as well as to awaken their interest in plants, so that, in the years to come, they will develop into competent gar- deners. Such courses as these, we feel, are of value not only to the individuals concerned, but are also typical of the services to society which it is the purpose of our organization to provide. A final point, among many others, on our new program concerns the development of our Society's magazine, HORTICULTURE, into new fields of usefulness as a national garden publication. Held back at the moment by paper shortage, before long we will be enabled greatly to increase its circulation and thus multiply its value. Mean- while, under our new editor, William H. Clark, we are adding to the familiar format. We plan to continue, as before, the pattern of pre- senting individual experiences and discoveries by informed amateurs. This makes the magazine something of a friendly visitor who comes to call upon each of our 40,000 odd subscribers 20 times a year. This is the basic editorial policy. But, in addition, we are adding a series of strong articles by leading authorities, each writing in his own particular specialized field. By this means, we expect to add to the value of the magazine. We want every issue to give each reader information and inspiration which will make him a better gardener. Then, too, we are adding to our staff of contributors, representatives of all outstanding educational and scientific organizations so that our magazine will be the leading publication in its field. By this development of our magazine, by our lecture courses, by our educational activities and by our shows, we believe we will further increase the value of our Society not to its membership alone, important and necessary as that is, but to the entire nation. ANNUAL MEETING 41 Thanks to the devoted labors of the officers who have preceded us, the many distinguished ladies and gentlemen who have, through 119 years, built up this Society to its commanding place, we are in an excellent position to undertake this new program, this enlargement of what has been done, this reorientation to meet the present needs of the day — and the greater opportunities and obligations which will be ours tomorrow. Ladies and gentlemen, we have a great Society. With your help and the support of our 10,000 members, the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society will unquestionably prove itself to be even greater in the years ahead. Edward I. Farrington Arno H. Nehrling Secretaries Report of the Exhibitions Cominittee This committee is charged with the planning of all exhibits spon- sored by the Society working in close cooperation with the Executive Secretary who also acts as Show Manager, and also as Secretary of the committee, and with the Prize Committee. The organization is a very excellent one. Nine meetings were held during the year, and one joint meeting with the prize committee. All meetings were well attended and all members contributed materially in reference to the various problems involved, particularly to the numerous ones associated with such an extensive activity as the Spring Flower Show. Eleven shows were sponsored by the Society. The total attendance at these shows was about the same as in the previous year. The Fall Show was re-initiated, after a lapse of one year, and its total attendance was about 2000 more than at the last one held in 1945. Among the smaller shows held in Horticultural Hall, the Lily Show attracted the greatest attention. Visitors came from all parts of the United States and Canada, and exhibits were received from as far as Oregon and Washington. This show is attaining national pro- portions, an indication of the wisdom in initiating it in 1942. The development of this annual show w^as made possible by a gift of S2000.00 from the late W. N. Craig, the income from the fund to be used in encouraging interest in the lilies. Although the date for the June show was early, the rose exhibits were actually larger and more numerous than at any corresponding show in many years. In past years curiously the Committee has not always been able to select the best dates for individual shows because of pre-existing arrangements made in reference to rentals of the exhibition space in Horticultural Hall for extraneous purposes. This situation has now 42 ANNUAL MEETING been adjusted, the Executive Secretary having been directed by the Exhibition Committee to write in the approximate preferred dates for the regularly scheduled shows a year in advance, so as to obviate certain rental difficulties that the committee has encountered in the past. It was felt that the Society should always have first choice as to the time when regularly approved shows were to be held, and that other organizations desiring to utilize certain facilities in Horti- cultural Hall on a rental basis should adjust their needs to the in- terests of the Society. No future difficulties are expected in this matter. In 1946 the Spring Flower Show registered the largest attendance and incidentally the largest profits to the Society in the 75 years that this show has been an annual activity of the Society, the attend- ance being 129,085. In 1947 the attendance was somewhat less, totalling 126,423, this relatively small decline probably being largely due to one rainy day during the show week. Although the expenses of installation increased because of the labor situation and the in- creased cost of supplies, varying from ten to fifteen per cent in most categories, the total budget was only a few thousand dollars more than the amount originally approved. I am happy to report that the profit on the 1947 Spring Show will approximately equal that of the outstandingly successful year of 1946. The Massachusetts Horticultural Society is indeed to be congratulated. An important change has been made in the methods of accounting for all show expenditures and for all receipts in connection with the two shows where admission fees are charged. The new account- ant has installed a simplified system appertaining to show expendi- tures and receipts. The result is that about two weeks after the closing of the Spring Show the committee had available a fairly accurate statement as to costs and receipts, in striking contrast to the situation that existed in former years when several months elapsed before the financial situation was entirely clear. Members of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society realize in general that the financial support of its activities comes from several sources, the important ones being income from its endowment (and I may say that the endowment of the Society should be increased), from membership fees, and from the profits accruing from the annual Spring Flower Show. The importance of the Spring Flower Show profits to the Society is evidenced by the fact that in 1945 and 1946 the Society actually operated on a deficit. However, the financially successful exhibition of 1946 enabled the Society to cover the deficit that had accrued, and still add a certain amount to the Flower Show Reserve fund. When the books were finally closed in 1946, a total ANNUAL MEETINC 43 of $19,380.30 from the Spring Show profits was added by the Trustees to the Reserve Fund, in the belief that there was a sufficient amount still available to cover the accrued deficit in the operations of the Society for 1945 and 1946. Later, $6,852.07 was taken from this fund for deficit coverage, leaving the gross addition to the Reserve Fund $12,538.23. It is believed that this policy of adding a certain part of the profits of the Spring Show to the Reserve Fund should be continued as conditions permit, for this fund is invested and the income therefrom becomes available for budgetary purposes. If at some future time the Reserve Fund should become unduly large, such part of it as may be desirable may, by proper action, be trans- ferred to the regular endowment of the Society. Thus over a term of years the total unrestricted endowment of the Society may be gradually increased from its exhibitions operations. In passing I may explain that the Reserve Fund was originally established to cover any possible deficit on Spring Show operations that might be caused Tjy conditions beyond our control, such as inclement weather. Of course such parts of the Flower Show profits as may be needed to help support the legitimate activities of the Society should be made so available, but we have full confidence in the management and the trustees in this matter. Here it may not be amiss to mention the fact that a very considerable part of the total endowment of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society is restricted, in that the income from certain funds may be used only for specified purposes, such as prizes, medals, purchase of books for the library, etc. Clearly, the need is for additions to the unrestricted endowment, and any en- dowment fund built up from Spring Show profits could be placed in this desirable category. One additional full time assistant was added to the Flower Show department during the year, this being essential because of the pro- motion of Mr. Nehrling to the position of Executive Secretary of the Society. He still acts as Flower Show Manager and devotes much of his time to exhibition matters. This centralization of authority proves to have been a most excellent move. Changes in accounting methods have greatly facilitated the work of the Show Manager. While the Spring Show was in progress the services of a number of experienced individuals were available to assist with the numerous details which greatly helped to eliminate confusion, and ensured a smooth working show organization. I am happy to report that very few complaints were received from visitors to the Show. Again I wish to extend our appreciation to all who participated in the Spring as well as in the ten other shows sponsored by the 44 ANNUAL MEETir/G Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Without the full and cordial cooperation of the numerous exhibitors we manifestly could not possibly operate successfully in the exhibition field. I wish also to extend my thanks to the members of the Exhibitions Committee for the time and energy they have devoted to its affairs, and to the members of the Prize Committee for the cooperation of that group. And to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society I extend my con- gratulations on the successful termination of another year in its long history as to exhibitions. In closing, I wish to place on record my personal appreciation of the long services rendered to the Society in all of its activities, including exhibition matters, of Mr. Farrington. who retired as Secretary in December, 1946, and to congratulate the Society on its having in its employ such an outstanding Show Manager, now Executive Secretary of the Society, as Mr. Nehrling. E. D. Merrill, Chairman Report of the Committee on Prizes The routine procedure of the Committee on Prizes has been to select as judges men of the highest caliber available, to explain to them the framework within which they must work as prescribed by the Rule Book of the Society: requesting "scaling" where competition is involved; inviting recommendations for award of the Society's "certificates" for new and noteworthy introductions: — and in all cases to pass in review the records submitted by these judges. It may be accepted as axiomatic that judging cannot be considered an exact science. Even as written in the Rule Book, the "most meritorious," the "most beautiful," the "highest degree of culture," the "most outstanding" present a problem of meaning which is susceptible of different interpretation by the individual judges. The essence of the business of our committee has been to discharge our responsibility by attempting to reach in advance of judging a definite understanding; to appraise with absolute impartiality; to discuss the divergent appraisals and eventually reach harmonious agreement. Whenever requested by an exhibitor, the committee has meticu- lously reviewed the judicial decisions. Such reviews. I personally regard as helpful both to the exhibitor, when reasonable, and to the committee, who could conceivably be less familiar with advanced development in new work than the hybridizer or specialist. With regard to awarding the Society's certificates, I would rec- ommend that we bring in order and up to date our card catalog and in general follow the analogous procedure of the International Horticultural Cono^resses which were held in London in 1930 — Paris, ANNUAL MEETING 45 1932, and Rome, 1935. There a set of rules for horticultural nomen- clature were laid down which appear in the Journal of the R. H. S. Volume 62, p. 38-39 of 1937. These cover all the situations arising in naming horticultural varieties of plants and should be followed by horticulturists all over the world. In simplified form, they are as follows: 1. A name shall apply to only one variety. If by chance the same name should be given independently to two varieties, the first use has priority. 2. Only one name shall be given to a variety. If more than one name should be applied to a variety, the first use has priority. 3. A name once applied to a variety shall not be used again, even though the variety to which it was first applied may have apparently disappeared. 4. Names in whatever language they were first used should not be changed, modified or used in translated form. Exceptions: lan- guages that cannot be written in Roman characters. 5. When new varieties are named and introduced, adequate descriptions should be published in dated catalogs or recognized horticultural journals. A name is not established until this is done. 6. Names should be short; two words at most suffice. It is in- advisable to use the titles Mr., Mrs., Dr., etc. 7. Latin or latinized names should not be used for horticultural varieties. Such names are reserved for botanical specimens. 8. To indicate the originator or introducer of a variety, rather than make his name a part of the variety name, it should be placed in brackets after the name. 9. It is inadvisable to use a name that closely resembles in spelling and pronunciation any name in use or that has been in use. 10. Varieties should not be named and introduced unless they are different from or superior to varieties already in propagation. It may be pointed out that a fixed sport of any variety propagated by a grower may be named a new variety. It should be propagated for some time before introducing it to make sure that it is fixed, will not revert to the original, and has not been previously named. Ready availability of such a card catalog would be of great ad- vantage to the Committee on Prizes. Seriously or otherwise, judges are occasionally ribbed because decisions are at variance with the general public's verdict. While unfortunate, the explanation is not difficult. Every exhibit appears to the judge as an intelligence test. The judge must work within 46 ANNUAL MEETING rules which have been considerately defined in advance; he must appraise the degree of excellence attained in the exhibitor's effort to meet a problem; and when the exhibitor is in competition, the finer points and qualities of his attainment are evaluated conscien- tiously by not just one judge but by a committee of judges, while the general public, at all events, and occasionally even the exhibitor, — has not had access to or knowledge of the Rule Book. On behalf of the Committee on Prizes, I wish here to record the sincere thanks and appreciation of the Committee to all of the ladies and gentlemen who have served as judges during the past year. George 0. Clark, Chairman Report of the Committee on the Exhibitions of the Products of Children's Gardens It is gratifying to report that the interest in gardening on the part of the children is as great today as it was during the war. Mr. Daniel O'Brien informs me that there were just as many, if not more, gardens cultivated the past season. The children were encouraged to grow more flowers in their plots, which made the gardens more interesting and also meant that the Children's Show was much more colorful than in former years. We had a very poor growing season in this section of New England, which made gardening a little more difiScult. Tomatoes, for example, which is a favorite crop of the children, were attacked by a blight and in a good many cases never produced fruit. Even beans, as a rule an easy crop to grow, did not do well. These conditions were reflected in a smaller number of entries at the show. The decrease in the number of entries was even greater in the 4-H Club Section of the show, indicating that growing conditions were about the same all over the state. The 4-H Club entries decreased from 576 in 1945 to 270 last year. The drop was not quite as evident in the School and Home Garden Section, where the entries totaled 959 in 1945 compared to 887 last year. It began to rain two days before the show opened and so all the material on exhibition had to be gathered under extremely difficult conditions. This is probably another reason why there were fewer entries. The competition in Class No. 1 in the School and Home Garden Section of the show was very close and, in fact, the judges had to resort to scoring the exhibits, something that is not often necessary at the Children's Show. Since there is no score card in the Rule Book for a collection of vegetables and flowers, the judges had to ANNUAL MEETING 47 prepare a special set of rules for these exhibits. Mr. Henry G. Wendler suggests that for the 1947 show, a scale of points be pre- pared in advance and published in the schedule. This will eliminate a lot of confusion and save a great deal of time on the part of the judges. After the show, the children presented the vegetables and flowers on exhibition to the Fruit and Flower Mission. Miss Ethel E. Hudson, the executive secretary of this organization, wrote me that the chidren were very generous and that her organization appreciated their giving them the opportunity to distribute their flowers and vegetables. The flowers were sent to the Boston Home for Incurables, the Mattapan Tuberculosis Hospital and the Burnap Free Home for Aged Women, and the vegetables to the Ellis Memorial, the Bureau for Aged Women, Lincoln House, Little Sisters of the Poor, the House of the Good Shepherd, the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament and several families that the Fruit and Flower Mission has on its list. These flowers gave a great deal of happiness and comfort to the sick and lonely. The vegetables were a real treat, for with the rising prices, many of these people cannot afford luxuries. For a number of years, the Committee has been trying to widen the scope of the Children's Show and encourage children from sur- rounding communities to participate. This has finally been brought about through the cooperation of the garden teachers in neighboring communities. We will continue to encourage children from all sec- tions of Massachusetts to participate in the Children's Show. Mem- bers of the Society, as well as the garden clubs, should invite children in their respective communities to exhibit in groups, as organizations, or as individuals. The schedule for the coming show is ready for distribution and any child under 18 years of age may exhibit. In closing this report, I would like to express my thanks to Mr. Daniel O'Brien, assistant director in charge of gardening and vo- cational agriculture in the Boston schools, and Mr. Henry G. Wendler, his assistant, for their untiring efforts and careful planning of the children's gardens, and for their assistance in staging the show so eflSciently. The Committee also extends its thanks to Mr. Earle Nodine, who with his 4-H Club boys and girls, always stages an exhibit that is a credit to any show. S. J. GoDDARD, Chairman 48 ANNUAL MEETING Report of the Library Committee 1946-1947 The objectives of the Library Committee are to assist the librarian in increasing the resources of the remarkably fine library of the Society. As chairman I wish to express to all members of the com- mittee my appreciation of their services and to the librarian our appreciation of her cooperation. The year just past has been a very busy one in the library. There has been a steadily growing number of visits, letters, and telephone calls from members and others, upon all sorts of gardening problems. The record of books loaned is an index to this phase of the work. In 1946 there was an increase of fully 25 per cent, with a total of 5,106 books sent out. Some of these volumes went to members in the south, mid west and far west, 1,609 being packages mailed. There have been more committees holding regular meetings here, but fewer garden clubs coming in for meetings or having members of the library staff for programs in their own towns. This is a sharp contrast with the preceding year. The book collection was increased by 352 volumes, and the list is published in the Year Book. The Committee voted that the reading list "Four Hundred Books for Amateur Gardeners" should be kept up-to-date. A new printing of it with revisions was made recently, and the printer is now holding it in type so that each new issue may include the latest books. Copies of the original printing went to each member of the Society, and all new members receive it. The recataloging is progressing steadily, and is proving its value in making the books more easily accessible to readers and in answer- ing questions more quickly and effectively. At the 1947 Spring Flower Show the library staff, under the Refer- ence Librarian, again took charge of the Information Booth. The garden club year books sent in for the annual competition in HORTICULTURE are made up into sets for loan to clubs and garden centers, and they are in constant use all through the year. The present list of borrowers includes groups in the State of Washington, Mon- tana, Ohio, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Kansas, Pennsylvania and New York as well as in Massachusetts, and enthusiastic letters report a variety of uses for display, publicity and study. E. D. Merrill, Chairman ANNUAL MEETING 49 REPORT OF THE TREASURER STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION Assets Cash in Banks and on Hand $ 37,607.04 Treasurer: In bank $ 14,242.54 Bursar: In bank 23,339.50 On hand 25.00 $ 37,607.04 Investments Valued at Book Value 700,745.21 Capital Assets 592,586.38 Real Estate $498,564.63 Improvements and additions to build- ings 47,441.28 Library 46,580.47 $592,586.38 Deferred Charge Spring Show, 1947 1,534.95 $1,332,473.58 Liabilities and Capital Funds Liabilities — Accounts Payable $ 1,239.95 Sundry Funds 529,078.89 Special uses: Principal $167,326.62 Unexpended Income. . 11,807.13 $179,133.75 General uses: Principal 349,945.14 $529,078.89 Greater Endowment Fund 30,878.38 Life Membership Fees 28,006.00 Mount Auburn Cemetery Fund 55,053.52 Show Insurance Fund 53,177.93 January 1, 1946 $ 40,314.38 Net Transfer from Profit and Loss . . . 12,558.23 Adjustment, 1945 Show Fund Income 305.32 Balance, December 31, 1946 $ 53,177.93 Capital 564,524.70 Surplus (Capital) 70,514.21 Balance, January 1, 1946 $ 66,559.21 Add: Net profit on sale of securities. . 3,955.00 $ 70,514.21 Surplus (earned) Balance, January 1, 1946 $ -4,967.89 Transferred from Profit and Loss 4,967.90 $1,332,473.58 50 ANNUAL MEETING STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES Income 1946 1945 Income from Investments $ 32,593.92 $ 33,234.65 Membership Fees 15,163.00 13,283.50 Rentals 6,742.43 5,168.62 Spring Show 78,250.54 28,666.72 "Horticulture" Income 9,185.26 78.90 Other Receipts 3,087.69 1,801.77 $145,022.84 $ 82,234.16 Expenditures Building Expenses $ 21,790.05 $ 24,635.87 Library Expenses 11,302.08 7,571.91 Office and General Salaries and Expense 52,049.89 33,926.29 Miscellaneous Exhibition Expenses .... 8,586.16 5,660.13 Awards, Lectures, Medals and Certificates 33,637.^5 15,158.45 Other payments 167.50 $127,532.93 $ 86,952.65 Excess of Income over Expenditures — All Funds $ 17,532.93 $ -4,718.49 Difference Between Current Income Additions and Current Expenses charged on Restricted Funds -36.21 2,451.03 S 17,526.12 $ -7,169.52 Net Transfer to Show Insurance Fund from Spring Show Income 1946 12,558.23 Balance of Income or Loss . . $ 4,967.89 $ -7,169.52 By vote of the Board of Trustees the ac- cumulated deficit was charged to the Show Insurance Fund. Walter Hunnewell, Treasurer Result of the Balloting At 4:00 o'clock the polls were closed, 66 votes having been cast, and the following persons were declared elected; President: John S. Ames Vice-President: Aubrey B. Butler Trustees: Samuel Goddard, Ernest Hoftyzer, Ray M. Koon, Elmer D. Merrill, Harold S. Ross William N. Craig Gardeners everywhere will mourn the passing of a great plantsman. The late William N. Craig of Weymouth was an outstanding horti- cukural personality and one of the ablest plantsmen in our time. Along with his strictly professional and business duties, Mr. Craig carried on extensive correspondence with gardeners in many coun- tries, became a much sought after lecturer and established himself as a horticultural journalist. The files of the old Garden and Forest published back in the nineties contain some of his earliest American writing. He was a regular contributor to the Florists Review for 45 years. One book entitled "Lilies and Their Culture in North America" pioneered in that particular field. Mr. Craig will be remembered for his efforts in popularizing the hardy lily. The lily shows of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society are made possible by a sizeable gift which Mr. Craig made some years ago to further all phases of lily culture. Throughout his career, Mr. Craig was an influential member and officer of numerous horticultural organizations, notably the Massa- chusetts Horticultural Society, the Horticultural Club of Boston, the National Association of Gardeners and the Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Boston, as well as trade organizations and special plant societies. In March 1943, "William N. Craig Night" was held by the Gar- deners' and Florists' Club of Boston to honor this unusually loyal member who had not missed a regular meeting in 39 years and had long held office in the club. A more recent honor was the George Robert White medal of honor from the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Coming to the United States in 1890 after a thorough training in his native Britain, Mr. Craig settled in the environs of Boston and spent his life there. Up until 1922, when he established his own business at Weymouth, Mass., he was known for his able management of the F. L. Ames estate in North Easton, Mass., and Faulkner Farm in Brookline. During his later years, Mr. Craig traveled widely in Europe and the West Indies. 51 Necrology The following is a list of the members of the Massachusetts Horti- cultural Society whose deaths were reported during the year ending May 1, 1947. Mr. Stephen P. Alden Mrs. Arthur N. Ailing Mrs. Harriette B. Bell Mr. James Bishop Miss Mary E. Bosworth Mrs. Henry E. Bothfield Mrs. Raymond Bowley Mr. Edward W. Breed Mrs. Charles F. Broughton Mrs. Fred H. Burdett Miss Alice E. Bumham Miss Louise W. Case Mr. Ernest D. Chapman Mrs. C. Thurston Chase Mr. H. F. Chase Mrs. George B. Churchill Mrs. Henry W. Clark Mr. Langdon Coffin Mr. William Nicol Craig Miss M. H. Cudworth Mrs. Nellie B. Cumner Mr. Elton G. Cushman Mrs. De Forest Danielson Mrs. W. Endicott Dexter Mrs. Nancy A. Dorr Mr. Aubrey T. Dunbar Miss Anna R. Ellis Mrs. George 0. Evans Mrs. Timothy J. Falvey Mr. Edward J. Feeley Miss Mabel C. Friend Miss Adeline Bradbury Gill Mrs. HoUis Godfrey Mr. John Gordon Mr. Alphonse Grassey Rev. Thaddeus William Harris Mr. George A. Hartwell Mr. George P. Hay^vard Mr. Ira G. Hersey Miss Myrta Margaret Higgins Mrs. Walter L. Hobbs Miss Dorothy M. Hobson Mrs. Frank L. Homan Mrs. George F. Hutchins Mrs. William E. James Mr. C. Frederic Jellinghaus Mr. Frank Jones Mr. William H. Judd Miss A. May Keith Dr. Walter G. Kendall Miss Josie W. Kimball Miss Isabel S. Kingsbury Mrs. Horace B. Lang Mr. Louis K. Liggett Mr. Carl E. Lindquist Mrs. Martha Hatch Lingham Mrs. David M. Little Mrs. George W. Little Miss Laura Revere Little Mrs. Stephen B. Luce Mr. George B. Lyman Mrs. Helen B. Marshall Mr. Albert Matthews Miss Jessie H. McNicol Mr. John S. Meaney Miss Helen Mitchell Mrs. Charles A. Morss Mrs. E. Preble Motley, Sr. Mr. Howard AL Munroe Mrs. Philip Nichols Mr. Howard Noble Mr. William B. Northrup Mr. Ralph S. Norton Miss Eleanor S. Parker Mrs. Gustavus David Parker Mrs. Horatio A. Phinney Mr. F. C. Prouty Mr. Harry S. Rand Mrs. James W. Remick Mrs. MabeUe B. Rimbach Mrs. Harriott S. Rock Mr. Wilbur E. Rowell Mr. L. E. Ryther Mr. Fred C. Sanborn Miss Georgiana W. Sargent Miss Minnie L. Shedd Mrs. Willis S. Shepard Mrs. B. Farnham Smith Mrs. Henry P. Smith Mrs. Martha R. Smith Mr. F. A. Stanley Mrs. Eliot D. Stetson Mr. Irving H. Stewart Miss Frances L. Swett Mrs. Vernon B. Swett Mrs. J. F. Syme Mr. Richard Tanner Mrs. Leslie P. Thompson Mr. Augustus Thurgood Mr. George T. Till Miss Jessie L. Upham Mrs. Evie M. Vina] Miss Elsie H. A. Virgin Mr. Walter E. Walsh Miss Rachel B. White Mr. John K. Whiting 52 Massachusetts Horticultural Society HONORARY MEMBERS 1942 Lord Aberconway, North Wales, England 1942 F. A. Bartlett, Stamford, Connecticut 1942 Walter D. Brownell, Little Compton, Rhode Island 1942 Alex Gumming, Bristol, Connecticut 1942 Dr. William A. Dayton, Washington, D. C. 1942 A. T. De La Mare, New York, New York 1942 David Fairchild, Coconut Grove, Florida 1942 Joseph B. Gable, Stewartstown, Pennsylvania 1942 Arthur Herrington, Madison, New Jersey 1942 Henry Hicks, Westbury, Long Island, New York 1942 Fred H. Howard, Montebello, California 1942 August Koch, Chicago, Illinois 1942 Colonel R. H. Montgomery, Coconut Grove, Florida 1942 Robert Moses, New York, New York 1942 G. G. Nearing, Ridgewood, New Jersey 1942 Frederick Law Olmsted, Brookline, Massachusetts 1942 Mrs. Elizabeth Peterson, New York, New York 1942 George H. Pring, St. Louis, Missouri 1942 Dr. Alfred Rehder, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts 1942 Dr. a. B. Stout, New York, New York 1942 Norman Taylor, New York, New York 1942 C. J. Van Bourgondien, Babylon, Long Island, New York 1942 Richard Wellington, Geneva, New York 1942 Elizabeth C. White, Whitesbog, New Jersey 1943 Albert C. Burrage, Ipswich, Massachusetts 1943 Vincent DePetris, Grosse Farms, Michigan 1943 Edward I. Farrington, We}Tnouth, Massachusetts 1943 Jens Jensen, Ellison Bay, Wisconsin 1943 Henry T. Skinner, Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania 1944 E. 0. Orpet, Santa Barbara, California 1944 Wilfrid Wheeler, Hatchville, Fahnouth, Massachusetts 1944 Richardson Wright, New York, New York 1945 Joseph H. Hill, Richmond, Indiana 1945 Albert Hulley, Middleboro, Massachusetts 1945 Jacob K. Shaw, Amherst, Massachusetts 1945 Theodore Wirth, Minneapolis, Minnesota 1946 Walter B. Clarke, San Jose, California 1946 Mrs. John H. Cunningham, Brookline, Massachusetts 1946 Daniel W. O'Brien, Boston, Massachusetts 1946 Edmund F. Palmer, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada 1947 Dr. a. F. Blakeslee, Northampton, Massachusetts 1947 Thomas H. Everett, New York Botanical Garden, New York 1947 James J. Hurley, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 1947 Dr. Elmer Drew Merrill, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts 1947 Isabella Preston, Lancaster, England 53 54 MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY CORRESPONDING MEMBERS 1925 Rudolph D. Anste.ad, Bournemouth, England 1889 Dr. L. H. Bailey, Ithaca. New York 1911 Mr. W. J. Bean, 2 Mortlake Road, Kew, England 1918 M. Desire Bois, Paris, France 1925 I. H. BuRKiLL. F.L.S., "Clova," Fetcham Park, Leatherhead, England 1921 Mr. Fred J. Chittenden, F.L.S., Vincent Square, Westmin- ster, London, England 1925 WooN Young Chun, Sun Yat Sen University, Canton, South China 1925 Henry F. duPont, Winterthur, Delaware 1925 Pierre S. duPont, Wilmington, Delaware 1925 Charles C. Eley, M.A., F.L.S., Suffolk, England 1925 George Fr.\ser, Ucuelet. Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada 1925 W \ G. Freeman, Esq., B.S.C., F.L.S., Imperial Institute, South Kensington, London, S. W. 7, England 1918 Prof. N. E. Hansen, Brookings, South Dakota 1911 Prof. U. P. Hedrick. Geneva, New York 1925 Professor H. H. Hu. Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peking, China 1925 Mrs. C. L. Hutchinson, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin 1925 Charles W. Knight, Oakdale, New York 1921 Mr. C. E. Lane-Poole. Canberra, Australia 1925 C. C. Laney, Rochester, New York 1911 M. Emile Lemoine, Nancy, France 1925 Sir J. S. Maxwell, Bart, K.T., PoUok House, near Glasgow, Scotland 1918 J. Horace McFarl,\nd, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 1925 Mrs. William Mercer. Doylestown, Pennsylvania 1925 Dr. Kingo Mitabe, Imperial University, Sepparo, Japan 1898 Sir Frederick W. Moore, F.L.S., Willbrook House, Rath- farnham Co., Dublin. Ireland 1918 Dr. George T. Moore, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 1925 F. Cleveland Morgan. Montreal, Quebec, Canada 1925 M. L. Parde, Nogent-sur-Vernisson (Loiret), France 1925 I. B. Pole-Evans, C.M.G., Chief of Division and Director, Botanical Survev, Pretoria, Transvaal, South Africa 1906 Sir David Pr.\in, F.R.S., C.M.G., F.L.S., Warlingham, Surrey, England 1925 Miss Isabell-\ Preston. Ottawa, Ontario, Canada MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 55 1925 Johannes Rafn, Skovfrokontoret, Copenhagen, Denmark 1906 Dr. Henry N. Ridley, C.M.G., F.R.S., F.L.S., M.A., Kew, Surrey, England 1925 Camillo Schneider, c/o Gartenschonheit, Berlin-Westend, Germany 1925 F. L. Skinner, Dropmore, Manitoba, Canada 1925 Sir William Wright Smith, F.L.S., Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland 1893 Prof. William Trelease, Urbana, Illinois 1925 Cyril T. White, Government Botanist, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 1921 Gurney Wilson, Secretary Royal Horticultural Society Or- chid Committee, Vincent Square, London, S. W. 1, England 1925 John C. Wister, Arthur Hoyt Scott Foundation, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 1925 Sir Chad Woodward, Bewdley, Worcestershire, England An Increased Endowment The Massachusetts Horticultural Society urgently requires addi- tions to its endowment fund. Income has been markedly decreased because of the forced exchange of high interest bonds for those carrying a lower rate of interest. In addition, recent developments in the national economy have caused many substantial increases in operation costs. The Trustees are adverse to curtailing the Society's activities. In fact, there is a greater demand for the Society's services than ever before and the organization is endeavoring to meet this multiplying popular demand. In addition to our many regular activities our program has been developed into various new fields of usefulness, such as services to war veterans buying new homes and wishing to develop their grounds properly. We have also undertaken a series of instructive meetings with school children. The gratifying response to these new activities is typical of the opportunity confronting this Society in the post war world. Without an increase in this Society's endowment, some of our work must be curtailed. This will be a great misfortune, not only because of consequent failure to meet the demands being made by the public but also because it will be the first negative action of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in its 119 years of the practice of its official purpose: "the advancement of horticulture and kindred interests." Bequests to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society It is hoped by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society that it will not be forgotten by members who find it expedient to make their wills. This Society's financial condition is sound and its investments are good, but the income from many of its investments has declined because of decreased returns from its bond holdings. Expenses naturally have increased and more money is needed to extend the activities of the Society. The following form of bequest is suggested: FORM OF BEQUEST I give and bequeath to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society located in Boston, Massachusetts, the sum of to be used as the Board of Trustees may direct for the promotion of horticulture in its various forms and for extending the activities of the Society along educa- tional lines. Signed J 1948 YEARBOOK MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY nEC23 1948 PRICE 50 CENTS \^i.iit n 1948 FLOWER SHOWS w w w ■^ ^:ir rir MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY JANUARY 29 and 30 MARCH 15 to 20 MAY 3 and 4 MAY 20 and 21 JUNE 13 and 14 JULY 13 and 14 AUGUST 19 and 20 Camellia Show Spring Flower Show Daffodil Show Tulip Show Peonies, Iris, and Roses Lily Show Gladiolus Shoiv L AUGUST 25 and 26 Exhibition of the Products of Children's Gardens OCTOBER 7-8-9 Harvest Show — Chrysanthemums, House Plants NOYE_MBER 4-5-6-7 Autumn Flower Show (DATES SUBJECT TO CHANGE) Fabian Bachrach Stedmax Buttrick Appointed treasurer. May 3, 1948 1948 IJeu,- Eook OF THE MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY Annual Reports for 1947 and a List of Books Added to the Library FOREWORD The Committee on Lectures and Publications has the honor to present herewith the twenty-fifth number of the Society^s Year Book, with which are combined the annual reports for the year 1947. Boston, Mass. Ernest Hoftyzer June 15, 1948 Chairman George B. Cabot Elected trustee May S, 19^8 THE BOARD OF GOVERNMENT OF THE MASSACHUSETTS HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY President John S. Ames Vice-Presidents Aubrey B. Butler Dr. George O. Clark Trustees *JoHN S. Ames Ernest Hoftyzer (1950) * Aubrey B. Butler Walter Hunnewell (1951) George W. Butterworth (1949) Seth L. Kelsey (1951) *Stedman Buttrick Ray M. Koon (1950) George B. Cabot (1951) George Lewis, Jr. (1949) John Chandler (1949) Elmer D. Merrill (1950) *Dr. George O. Clark Mrs. William A. Parker (1951) Mrs. John Gardner Coolidge (1949) Harold S. Ross (1950) Mrs. S. V. R. Crosby (1949) Mrs. Roger S. Warner (1951) Samuel J. Goddard (1950) *Edwin S. Webster Honorary Trustee Oakes Ames Treasurer Stedman Buttrick Assistant Treasurer George Lewis, Jr. Secretary Arno H. Nehrling * Members ex-offi,cio. Dates given are those of expiration of terms. 5 John Chandler Elected trustee May 3, 1H8 (^ontentd Officers for 1948 5 Committees for 1948 9 Medals and Certificates Awarded in 1947 11 Garden Committee Awards 23 Special Medal Awards 25 Books Added to the Library Between May 1, 1947 and May 1, 1948 27 Benevolent Fruit and Flower Mission Report 34 Annual Meeting 35 The President's Address 35 The Secretary's Report 37 Exhibitions Committee Report 40 Committee on Prizes Report 43 Committee on the Exhibitions of the Products of Children's Gardens Report 44 Library Committee Report 46 The Treasurer's Report 47 Result of the Balloting 48 Necrology 49 Honorary Members 50 Corresponding Members 51 An Increased Endowment 52 Bequests to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society 53 7 Seth L. Kelsey Elected trustee May S, 1H8 COMMITTEES OF THE SOCIETY For the Year Ending May 2, 19^9 EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE John S. Ames, Chairman Aubrey B. Butler Stedman Buttrick Stedman Buttrick Aubrey B. Butler Stedman Buttrick FINANCE COMMITTEE John S. Ames, Chairman BUDGET COMMITTEE John S. Ames, Chairman Dr. George O. Clark Edwin S. Webster Walter Hunnewell Dr. George O. Clark Walter Hunnewell John Chandler Edwin S. Webster MEMBERSHIP COMMITTEE Ray M. Koon, Chairman Ernest Hoftyzer COMMITTEE ON EXHIBITIONS Elmer D. Merrill, Chairman George W. Butterworth Mrs. William A. Parker Ray M. Koon Harold D. Stevenson COMMITTEE ON PRIZES Samuel J. Goddard, Chairman Thomas Milne, Co-Chairman Ernest Borowski George B. Cabot Walter Hunnewell COMMITTEE ON LIBRARY Elmer D. Merrill, Chairman Mrs. S. V. R. Crosby Mrs. Susan Mckelvey George Lewis, Jr. Mrs. Roger S. Warner COMMITTEE ON LECTURES AND PUBLICATIONS Ernest Hoftyzer, Chairman John Chandler Ray M. Koon COMMITTEE ON SPECIAL MEDALS Harold S. Ross, Chairman Aubrey B. Butler Samuel J. Goddard COMMITTEE ON GARDENS Dr. George O. Clark, Chairman Mrs. John G. Coolidge Seth L. Kelsey COMMITTEE ON BUILDING John S. Ames, Chairman George W. Butterworth COMMITTEE ON CHILDREN'S GARDENS EXHIBITIONS Samuel J. Goddard, Chairman Daniel W. O'Brien Mrs. Henry D. Tudor COMMITTEE ON THE ALBERT C. BURRAGE GOLD VASE Harold S. Ross, Chairman Albert C. Burrage, Jr. Mrs. John G. Coolidge NOMINATING COMMITTEE Samuel J. Goddard Ernest Hoftyzer Harold S. Ross Seth L. Kelsey Elmer D. Merrill George Lewis, Jr. Harold S. Ross Stedman Buttrick Elmer D. Merrill Thomas Milne Ray M. Koon Elmer D. Merrill tl/ledaid and L^ertificateS ^^ warded in 1947 The Albert C. Burrage Gold Vase Sherman Eddy, Avon, Connecticut, for the most outstanding exhibit in 1947. George Robert White Medal of Honor Ernest F. Coe, Coconut Grove, Florida, for eminent service in horticulture. Thomas Roland jMedal Eric Waltherof Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California, for skill in horticulture. Jackson Dawson Memorial Medal Professor M. A. Blake of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, for the development of new peaches. Gold Medal of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society Ernest Borowski of Norwood, for his skill in the propagation and hybridizing of azaleas. Gold Medal of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society Stedman Buttrick of Concord, for his unusual collection of iris and the outstanding manner in which he maintains his garden and estate. Gold Medal of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society John L. Russell of Dedham, for his naturalistic planting of narcissus. Silver Medal of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society H. Wendell Endicott of Dedham, for his extensive planting of tulips. President's Cup Bay State Nurseries, Inc., North Abington, for a formal garden with house at the Spring Show. Gold Medal Certificate of the Horticultural Society of New York Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Stone, Marion, for a group of acacias at the Spring Show. Gold Medal Certificate of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society Mrs. Helen Adams, Wellesley, for cypripediums showing the highest degree of culture at the Spring Show. The George Holliday Memorial Prize William Todd, North Uxbridge, for a group of clivias at the Spring Show. Beacon Hill Garden Club Club Winter Gardeners, for a greenhouse and sun-heated pit at the Spring Show. Trophy of the Massachusetts Department of Agriculture Harlan P. Kelsey, Inc. — Kelsey-Highlands Nursery, East Boxford, for an informal garden at the Spring Show. 11 Q 15: 'ts O e 2 ^ s ^ ^ ::: 1 Crs "•-■i CSS e »%> "*^ <^ •^ j>Q CJi ^ o 55, s isi ^ s s • ^ • 5^ 00 ^ ::x ^ >*1 MEDALS AND CERTIFICATES — Continued 13 Sarah Todd Bulkley Gold Medal of the Garden Club of America Mrs. Irving C. Wright, Chestnut Hill, co-chairman of the Garden Clubs' Exhibitions Committee, for her plan of the exhibit at the Spring Show. Book: Thomas Jefferson's Garden Book Edited by Edwin Morris Betts Dr. George O. Clark, Boston, for the camellia Hermes, best bloom in the Show. Crystal Vases Harold S. Ross, Hingham, for the Mendel tulip — Her Grace, best bloom in the Show. Edwin S. Webster, Chestnut Hill, for the daffodil Therapia, best bloom in the Show. Gold Medals Lord Aberconway, London, England, for an exhibit of white cypripediums at the Spring Show. L. Sherman Adams Company, for a group of orchids at the Spring Show. L. Sherman Adams Company, for a group of orchids. Woodbury M. Bartlett, for an informal garden at the Spring Show. Bay State Nurseries, for a formal garden with house at the Spring Show. Bobbink and Atkins, Rutherford, New Jersey (at New York), for the best garden in the Show. Ernest Borowski, for an educational exhibit of new hybrid seedling azaleas. Ernest Borowski, for new hybrid azaleas at the Spring Show, Mrs. E. D. Brandegee, for a group of clivias at the Spring Show. Breck's, for a Spring border. Cherry Hill Nurseries, for an informal garden with fountain and pool at the Spring Show. Sherman W. Eddy, Avon, Connecticut, for a naturalistic exhibit — Vermont covered bridge at the Spring Show. The Garden Clubs' Exhibitions Committee (Mrs. James Perkins, 2nd and Mrs. Irving C. Wright, co-chairmen), for a contemporary house and garden at the Spring Show. Garden Club Federation of Massachusetts (Mrs. Chester Cook and Mrs. Paul Wadleigh, co-chairmen), for flower arrangements at the Spring Show. Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Boston, for a chrysanthemum garden. Gladhaven (Pasquale Vasaturo), for a display of gladiolus. Albert A. Hulley, for a Summer garden at the Spring Show. Harlan P. Kelsey, Inc., Kelsey-Highlands Nursery, for an informal garden at the Spring Show. Lexington Nurseries, for an informal garden at the Spring Show. Magnolia Nurseries, for an exhibit of tuberous-rooted begonias. The Merrys, for a collection of daffodils. Mt. Auburn Cemetery, for a Memorial garden at the Spring Show. New England Carnation Growers Association, for a display of carnations at the Spring Show. Mr. and Mrs. Dana Osgood, Mt. Pleasant, South Carolina, for an exhibit of out- door grown camellias. Mrs. Robert Treat Paine, 2nd, for a group of cymbidiums at the Spring Show. John L. Russell, for a display of daffodils. Professor A. P. Saunders, Clinton, N. Y., for a display of peonies. Mr. and Mrs. Robert G. Stone, for a group of acacias at the Spring Show. Edwin S. Webster, for a group of chrysanthemums. Edwin S. Webster, for a group of orchids at the Spring Show. Mrs. James E. Whitin, for a group of clivias at the Spring Show. s^ ^*^ "^ *- § e o ^ ^ ".^ ^ ^ e g ^^ § ^ OQ -is MEDALS AND CERTIFICATES — Continued 15 Silver Medals Mrs. Thomas Barbour, for a display of vegetables. Woodbury M. Bartlett, for an old-fashioned chrysanthemum garden. Bay vState Nurseries, for a border of garden chrysanthemums. Boyce Thompson Institute, Yonkers, New York, for Lilium auratum X L. japoni- cum (Seedlings). Mrs. J. Cameron Bradley, for a display of camellias. Breck's, for a border of tuberous-rooted begonias and garden chrysanthemums. Breck's, for a display of daffodils. Breck's, for a hardy border featuring lilies. Breck's, for a display of perennials featuring Lilium umbellatum. Bristol County Agricultural School, for a demonstration greenhouse at the Spring Show. Butterworth's, for a display of orchids at the Spring Show. Champlain View Gardens, Burlington, Vermont, for a display of gladiolus. Dr. George O. Clark, for a display of rhododendrons — cut branches. Frost & Higgins Company, for an outdoor living-room at the Spring Show. Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Boston, for a formal garden at the Spring Show. Gardeners' and Florists' Club of Boston, for a display of fruits and vegetables. Edgar L. Kline, Lake Grove, Oregon, for a display of lilium regale types. Mrs. Franklin P. Lowry, for the highest total number of points in the Iris Show. New England Rose Society, for an educational rose exhibit. North Street Greenhouses (Ernest K. Logee), Danielson, Connecticut, for an exhibit of begonias. Oregon Bulb Farms, Sandy, Oregon, for a collection of hybrid trumpet lilies. Mrs. Robert Treat Paine, 2nd, for a group of chrysanthemums. Patten & Company, for a display of carnations. Mrs. Robert W. Sayles, for a display of daffodils. Seabrook Nurseries, Seabrook, New Hampshire, for a display of gladiolus. Miss Eleonora R. Sears, for a group of chrysanthemums. Van's Nursery and Landscape Service, for an informal garden at the Spring Show. William T. Walke & Sons, Inc., for a group of amaryllis at the Spring Show. Waltham Field Station, for Pacific Coast hybrid delphiniums. Edwin S. Webster, for a group of orchids. William Wenk, for a display of delphiniums. Weston Nurseries, Inc., for an informal garden at the Spring Show. Winter Gardeners, for a greenhouse and sun-heated pit at the Spring Show. Wyman's Framingham Nurseries, for an informal garden at the Spring Show. Bronze Medals Boston Mycological Club, for edible and poisonous mushrooms. F. I. Carter & Sons, for an exhibit of cacti. Alexander Irving Heimlich, for a rock garden at the Spring Show. Walter Hunnewell, for rhododendrons — cut branches. Mrs. Franklin P. Lowry, for the finest stalk in the Iris Show — Iris Syringa Urst Class Certificates Azalea Mrs. John S. Ames, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Azalea Daphne, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Azalea Dexter's Springtime, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Azalea Dorothy Nehrling, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Azalea Gigantea, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Azalea Glamour Girl, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. I -^ ^ i •<s> 00 ."^ ^ ^^ ^ MEDALS AND CERTIFICATES ~- Continued 17 Azalea Noel, exhibited by Ernest Borowski, Azalea White Cap, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Brassolaeliocattleya Eucharama, exhibited by L. Sherman Adams Company. Cattleya Silver Moon, exhibited by L. Sherman Adams Company. Cymbidium Berengeria var. Rosy Dawn, exhibited by Edwin S. Webster. Cymbidium Titrianae Old Dog Kennel var., exhibited by L. Sherman Adams Com- pany. Lilium Dunkirk, exhibited by F. L. Skinner. Orchid General Wavell, exhibited by Edwin S. Webster. Peony Cecilia, exhibited by Professor A. P. Saunders. Peony Julia Grant, exhibited by Professor A. P. Saundeis. Peony Ludovica, exhibited by Professor A. P. Saunders. Peony Sophie, exhibited by Professor A. P. Saunders. Awards of Merit Azalea Chailey (Macrantha hj^brid), exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Azalea Crystal, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Azalea Dorothy Nehrling, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Azalea Ember, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Azalea Fragrans, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Azalea Schneewitchen, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Azalea Super White, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Azalea Sylvia, exhibited by Ernest Borowski. Brassolaeliocattleya Nanette alba, exhibited by Edwin S. Webster. Carnation Sylvia, exhibited by Patten & Company. New arcticum hybrid chrysanthemum Punchinello, exhibited by Colprit's Nursery and Seed Farm. Chrysanthemum Governor Dewey, exhibited by Cummings the florist. Clematis Tops, exhibited by Dr. George O. Clark. Cypripedium Doris Black (Venus X Actba), exhibited by Edwin S. Webster. Cypripedium Festarno, exhibited by L. Sherman Adams Company. Cypripedium Mabellsey, exhibited by L. Sherman Adams Company. Fortunei hybrid seedling of No. 9 Esoteric, exhibited by Dr. George O. Clark. Marigold Naughty Marietta, exhibited by W. Atlee Burpee Company. Peony Alexander Wolcott, exhibited by Professor A. P. Saunders. Peony Cardinal's Robe, exhibited by Professor A. P. Saunders. Rose Thor, exhibited by James R. C-ass. Votes of Commendation Begonia Semperflorens, exhibited by North Street Greenhouses (Ernest K. Logee) Brassolaeliocattleya Midenette var. Sunset, exhibited by L. Sherman Adams Com- pany. Carnation Linda, exhibited by A. Sorensen. Seedling hardy chrysanthemums, exhibited by The Merrys. New Clematis (Lanuginosa) hybrid — Purity, exhibited by Dr. George O. Clark. Lilium Helen Carroll, exhibited by Mrs. Helen Carroll Harris Harris. Lilium Meiling, exhibited by Carleton Yerex. Lilium Waltham, exhibited by Carleton Yerex. New extra early muskmelon Granite State (University of New Hampshire var.), exhibited by Colprit's Nursery and Seed Farm. Petunia Mrs. Dwight Eisenhower, exhibited by W. Atlee Burpee Company. Phlox Tetra Red, exhibited by W. Atlee Burpee Company. Giant radishes, exhibited by Max Shoolman. o 00 I^N ^ 5S •to O o e o •to o ^ e2 o o ^^ MEDALS AND CERTIFICATES — Continued 19 Scilla campanulata Queen of the Pinks, exhibited by Breck's. Scilla campanulata Rhineland, exhibited by Breck's. Double snapdragon Meadowcroft, exhibited by C. H, Lothrop. Cottage Tulip, Flag of War, exhibited by Harold S. Ross. Cultural Certificates L. Sherman Adams Company, for Vanda coerulea. Peter Arnott, for a group of cascade chrysanthemums. Peter Arnott, for chrysanthemum'standard Fireball. Peter Arnott, for Dendrobium Louis Bleriot. Benson & Young, Inc., for a group of cyclamen. Ernest Borowski, for an exhibit of new hybrid azaleas. Ernest Borowski, for a group of Croft lilies. Dr. P. A. Campobasso, for an exhibit of Passiflora. James R. Cass, for a display of climbing roses. Thomas L. Galvin, for a display of small-flowered dahlias. Sargent Griffin, for tuberous-rooted begonias. Kenneth Houghton, for a display of pyrethrums. Albert A. Hulley, for an exhibit of clematis. James J. Hurley, for Pacific Coast hybrid delphiniums. • Stewart Johnson, for a group of acacias. George Palmer, for a group of fuchsias. George Palmer, for Primula malacoides. George Palmer, for Darwin tulip Glacier. Trombla Bros., for intermediate p>ompon chrysanthemums. Waltham Field Station, for Pacific Coast hybrid delphiniums. Vote of Thanks American Iris Society (New England Region), for Siberian Iris and pool. Arnold Arboretum, for Forsythia Arnold Dwarf. Arnold Arboretum, for Forsythia Arnold Giant. Arnold .\rboretum, for Prunus subhirtella (dwarf long-blooming cherry). Mrs. Gloria Bertocci, for an exhibit of beets. Mrs. J. Kenton Billingsley, for an arrangement of hardy chrysanthemums. Mrs. J. Kenton Billingsley, for an arrangement of pussy willows. Ernest Borowski, for a vase of chrysanthemimi Pomponette. The Boston Aquarium Society, Inc., for a display of aquaria. Bureau of Plant Industry, Beltsville, Maryland, for chrysanthemum seedlings. Mrs. Louis Curtis, for an exhibit of King Alfred daffodils. First Church of Christ, Scientist — Boston, for an exhibit of Mother's Day tulips. Mrs. Mortimer J. Fox, for an exhibit of alliums. Ernest Goldthwaite, for cabbage var. Penn State. Kenneth Houghton, for an exhibit of new flowers. Walter Hunnewell, for hybrid rhododendrons — cut branches. Carl F. Moore, for an exhibit of Chinese chestnuts. Louis Vasseur, for an exhibit of clematis novelties. Waltham Field Station, for new hybrid garden lily originated by F. L. Skinner and grown by Harold E. White. Mrs. Marcia Weld, for a Guatemala treasure — a Highlands Garden from the Land of Eternal Spring. Miss Lucy M. Wheeler, for Chinese lanterns. Honorable ^Mention Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, for an exhibit of house plants. New England Begonia Society, for an educational exhibit demonstrating the propa- gation and growing of house plants. W^eston Nurseries, for an exhibit of rhododendrons and iris. C ^ ^ ^ ^ •^ o o C3S OQ ?^ c *: e § § ^ 00 «0 •<-i o »>. e 'i< L^af*clen (committee ^y^wards The Board of Trustees awarded the followmg medals on the recommen- dation of the Committee on Gardens : The Society's Gold Medal to Mr. Stedman Buttrick for his estate at Concord, Mass. The grounds of this establishment have been laid out with much skill and the gardens have been brought to and maintained at a high degree of culture. Mr. Buttrick's collections of rare iris, one of the outstand- ing features of the gardens, have special interest not only for their charm and beauty but also for the many varieties of iris assembled. The Society's Gold Medal to Mr, John Russell of Dedham, Mass., for his most remarkable planting of narcissus. Naturalistic in design and accom- plishment, Mr. Russell's planting consists of thousands upon thousands of narcissi of several himdred varieties on acres of almost untouched old pasture. The narcissi are established in drifts in the open areas, planted skillfully about the bases of birches, maples and other trees as well as being most beautifully grouped around the shores of a pond and along the banks of a little brook. The garden is emphatically one of the best examples of the use of Spring bulbs in a naturalistic planting in the country. The Society's Silver Medal to Mr. H. Wendell Endicott of Dedham, Mass., for the very beautiful and extensive planting of tulips of many varieties in his gardens. Great care is exhibited in culture as well as great taste in the selection and combination of colors. George Lewis, Jr. Chairman 23 <4i Co 00 § Ob ;^ 2? O Special II lUedai ^^ wards At the meeting of the Board of Trustees on January 21, 1948, several medals were awarded on the recommendation of the Special Medals Com- mittee, Mr. Harold S. Ross, Chairman. The GEORGE ROBERT WHITE MEDAL OF HONOR for service to horticulture was awarded to Mr. Ernest F. Coe, a resident of Coconut Grove, Florida. Mr. Coe is known as the father of Ever- glades National Park, which has recently been opened by the United States National Park Service. This Park preserves a large area of vir- gin land rich in the flora and fauna of subtropical Amer- ica. The establishment of the Park came about only be- cause of many years of sac- rificial effort on the part of Mr. Coe. He devoted prac- tically his entire adult life to the project. It was the opinion of the Committee that this outstanding honor was richly deserved by Mr. Coe, who is now in his 81st year. The THOMAS ROLAND MEDAL for skill in horti- culture was awarded to Mr. Eric Walther of Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California. Mr. Walther has accomplished a most re- markable undertaking in his assembling of a beautiful collection of native and ex- otic plants in a new botanic garden of seven acres. His knowledge of plants is great, and he has demonstrated rare ability in their arrange- ment for park study and enjoyment. 25 Ernest F. Cue Eric Walther 26 RECIPIEXTS OF SPECIAL MEDALS The JACKSON DAWSON :MEDAL for skill in hybridization and prop- agation of plants was awarded to Dr. M. A. Blake of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station. Li the opinion of the Committee, Dr. Blake was outstandingly deserv-ing of this honor. He worked with fruits for many years and specialized in the devel- opment of peaches. The new varieties of this fruit which he created Uterally vitalized peach-growing all over America. Li connection with this award, the Committee, which acts in an ad^^so^y capacity to the Board of Trustees, the body which actually grants the honors, feels it desirable to point out that the recommenda- tion was made on December 17, 1947 at a time when the Committee was not aware that Dr. Blake had died suddenly three days before. At a subsequent com- mittee meeting, the problem of making a posthumous award was raised but it was determined to present the recommendation to the Trustees. The Trustees accepted the recommendation and awarded the medal to Dr. Blake's heirs. It is presently understood that the heirs have presented the medal to the New Jersey Ex]>eriment Station, where Dr. Blake carried on his work so successfully. The LAEGE GOLD ^lED.AL of the Massachusetts Horticultural So- ciety for skiU in horticulture was awarded to Mr. Ernest Borowski of Norwood, Massachusetts. This singular honor was given to him because of the skill he has demonstrated in the propagation of plants; especially for his success in propagating and hybridizing azaleas. Mr. Borowski is considered the outstanding authority on the culture of greenhouse azaleas in the L'nited States. For many years in addition to his seedlings, he main- tained a collection of the finest varieties available at home and abroad. These plants were forced to p>erfection for the various exhibitions of the Society. Mr. Borowski has been a consistent prize winner. His Gold and Silver Medals. Gold Medal Certificates, First Class Certificates and Cul- tural awards are too numerous to mention. 31. (ISoon5 ^^dded to trie oLlbi^aru MAY 1, 1947-MAY 1, 1948 This list is arranged as a supplement to the catalogue. Members are urged to make use of it. HORTICULTURE General Best, A. C. The little farm in the big city. 1947 Ellis, C. & Swaney, M. W. Soilless growth of plants; 2d ed. rev. by T. Eastwood. 1947 Free, M. Gardening; rev. ed. 1947 Gamer, R. J. Propagation by cuttings and layers . . . with special reference to pome fruits. 1947 Garris, E. W. & Hoffmann, G. P. Southern horticulture enterprises; 3d ed. 1946 Hardy, J. & Foxman, S. Food production in the school garden. 1940 Hastings, L. The southern garden. 1948 Korn, M. N. Here's how to garden in the Fort Worth area. 1947 Miller, L. K. Children's gardens for school and home. 1904 Vernalization and phasic development of plants. 1935 Virginia. Negro garden club. Handbook. 1943 Wister, J. C, ed. The Woman's home companion garden book. 1947 History American ass'n for the advancement of science. Liebig and after Liebig, a century of progress in agricultural chemistry. 1942 Buel, J. Jesse Buel, agricultural reformer: selections from his writings, ed. by H. J. Carman. 1947 Deering, F. U.S.D.A., manager of American agriculture. 1945 Harding, T. S. Two blades of grass : a history of scientific development in the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1947 Hosmer, R. S. The Cornell Plantations, a history. 1947 Krelage, E. H. Drie eeuwen bloembollenexport : de geschiedenis van den bloembollenhandel en der hollandsche bloembollen tot 1938 Straaten van Nes, J. H., & Moerlands, C. P. Boskoop in its historical development as a center of nurseries. 1924 Wyman, D. Arboretums and botanical gardens of North America. 1947 AUXILIARY SCIENCES Soils Barrett, T. J. Harnessing the earthworm. 1948 Collings, G. H. Commercial fertilizers, their sources and use; 4th ed. 1947 27 28 BOOKS ADDED TO THE LIBRARY Faulkner, E. H. A second look [sequel to Plowman's Folly] 1947 Gamer, H. V. Profit from fertilizers; 2d rev. ed. 1945 Howard, L. E. The earth's greeu carpet. 1947 King, F. C. Gardening with compost. 1944 Diseases and Pests Bnies, C. T. Insects and human welfare; rev. ed. 1947 Chester, K. S. Nature and prevention of plant diseases; 2d ed. 1947 Cook, M. T. Viruses and virus diseases of plants. 1947 Stiles, W. Trace elements in plants and animals. 1947 ORNAMENTAL PLANTS General Hills, L. D. Miniature alpine gardening. 1946 Men's garden club of Salem, Oregon. Hobby gardener's guide. 1946 Mueller, C. H. Bulbs for beauty. 1947 Scruggs, Mrs. G. R., ed. Gardening in the south and west; ed. 3. 1947 Monographs Allen, R. C. Roses for every garden. 1948 American iris society. The iris, an ideal hardy perennial. 1948 Cox, J. M. A cultural table of orchidaceous plants. 1946 Da'sds, B. A. Azaleas and camellias for the garden. 1947 Gilbert, P. A. The charm of growing orchids. 1946 Ingram, C. Ornamental cherries. 1948 Jacobsen, H. Succulent plants . . . other than cacti; trans, by V. Higgins; 2d ed. 1946 Krauss, H. Begonias for American homes and gardens. 1947 McFarland, J. H. Modern roses III. 1947 McFarland, J. H. Roses of the world in color; 3d ed. 1948 Osorio, L. F. Orquideas colombianas: Colombian orchids. 1941 Otten, G. Tuberous- rooted begonias and their culture; 2d ed. 1947 Riley, M. T. Dahlias, what is known about them. 1947 Scott, E. L. & A. H. Chrysanthemums for pleasure. 1947 Stephenson, E. E. Everlasting flowers: practices employed in propagation and processing, including dehydration. 1947 White, E. A. American orchid culture; 3d ed. 1947 Wilson, H. V. P. The African violet. 1948 ECONOMIC PLANTS Vegetables Crabb, R. Hybrid-coni makers: prophets of plenty. 1947 Morrison, G. Quick freezing and family food gardening. 1948 Rohde, E. S. Uncommon vegetables. 1943 Shoemaker, J. S. Vegetable growing. 1947 Spencer, A. P. Florida vegetables. 1937 Sunset magazine. Vegetable gardening book. 1947 BOOKS ADDED TO THE LIBRARY 29 Herbs Carter, A. B. In an herb garden. 1947 Mazza, I. G. Herbs for the kitchen; 2d ed. 1947 Webster, H. N. Herbs, how to grow them and how to use them; ed. 4. 1947 Fruit Dahlgren, B. E. Tropical and subtropical fruits. 1947 Shoemaker, J. S. Small-fruit culture; 2d ed. 1948 Southwick, L. Dwarf fruit trees. 1947 LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE Bath, G. H. America's Williamsburg, 1946 Bottomley, M. E. New designs of small properties. 1948 Chamberlain, S. Behold Williamsburg. 1947 Champion, P. V. Attractive lawn furnishings, 1947 Friend, W. H. Plants of ornamental value, Rio Grande Valley, Texas. 1942 Johnson, L. R. How to landscape your grounds. 1948 McHatton, T. H. Armchair gardening. 1947 Menninger, E. A. Flowering tropical trees. 1947 ECONOMICS Clissold, E. J. The seed industry, 1946 Brantley, C. O. Opportunities in liorticulture. 1947 Kift, R. The retail flower shop. 1980 Surtees, J. Landscaping master units, series 2 & 3. 1947 AGRICULTURE Country Life Booth, E. T. Country life in America as lived by ten Presidents of the United States. 1947 Future farmers of America. Official manual. 1943 Gustafson, A. F. Land for the family, a guide to country living. 1947 Hahnel, E. S. Down to earth. 1947 Hall, B. The garden yard, a handbook of intensive farming. 1909 Pearson, H. S. Successful part-time farming. 1947 Robinson, E. & C. The "Have-more" plan. 1946 Sherman, H. M. Call of the land. 1947 Conservation Graham, E. H. The land and wildlife. 1947 Lillard, R. G. The great forest. 1947 Parker, B. M. Saving our wildlife. 1944 Pfeiffer, E. The earth's face and human destiny. 1947 Sears, P. B. Deserts on the march; 2d ed. rev. 1947 30 BOOKS ADDED TO THE LIBRARY Bees Grout, R. A., ed. The hive and the honeybee : a new book ... to succeed "Langstroth on the hive and the honeybee" 1946 Pellett, F. C. American honey plants; ed 4. rev. and enl. 1947 BOTANY General Camp, W.H., Rickett, H.W., & Weatherby, C.A., ed. International rules of botanical nomenclature; special ed. 1947 Emerson, F. W. Basic botany. 1947 Murrill, W. A. Historic foundations of botany in Florida. 1945 Piatt, R. Our flowering world. 1947 Zim, H. S. Plants, a guide to hobbies. 1947 Anatomy, Physiology, Ecology Arber, A. Goethe's botany. 1946 Fames, A. J. & McDaniels, L. H. Introduction to plant anatomy; rev. ed. 1947 Avery, G. S. Jr. Hormones and horticulture; the use of special chemicals in the control of plant growth. 1947 Crocker, W. Growth of plants : twenty years research at Boyce Thompson Institute. 1948 Daubenmire, R. F. Plants and environment. 1947 Holm, T. Contributions to tlie knowledge of the germination of some North American plants. 1891 Mitchell, J. W. & Marth, P. C. Growth regulators for garden, field and orchard. 1947 Salisbury, E. J. The reproductive capacity of plants, 1942 Weatherwax, P. Plant biology; 2d ed. 1947 Herbals Ferrari, G. B. De florum cultura libri IV. 1633 Fuchs, L. New kreuterbuch. 1543. Faksimiledruck 1938 Pseudo-Apuleius. The Herbal of Pseudo-Apuleius from the 9th century MS in the Abbey of Monte Cassino . . . with the first printed ed., both in facsimile, annotated by F. W. T. Hunger. 1935 Rufinus. The Herbal of Rufinus, ed. by L. Thorndike. 1945 Monographs Babcock, E. B. The genus crepis. 1947. 2 vols. Benson, L. [and others] The cacti of Arizona. 1940 Jones, G. N. American species of Amelanchier. 1946 Kelly, J. P. Genetical study of Phlox drummondi. 1920 McKelvey, S. D. Yuccas of the southwestern United States, part 2. 1947 Nearing, G. G. The lichen book. 1942-1946 Stern, F. C. A study of the genus Paeonia. 1946 Van Melle, R. J. Review of Juniperus chinensis et al. 1947 BOOKS ADDED TO THE LIBRARY 31 Wolf, F, A. & F. T. The fungi: an introduction to their structure, classi- fication, activities and natural economy. 1947. 2 vols. Floras Ayre, A. M. Wild flowers of Newfoundland. 1935 Baker, R. St. B. The redwoods. 1944 Benson, L. D. Manual of southwestern desert trees and shrubs. 1945 Bergen, J. Y. Key and flora, northeastern and central states; rev. and enl. 1908 Clement, E. S. Flowers of prairie and woodland [of the central U. S.] 1947 Compton, R. H., ed. Our South African flora. Edlin, H. J. British woodland trees. 1944 Grigson, G. Wild flowers in Britain. 1944 Harlow, W. M. Twig key to the deciduous woody plants of eastern North America; 4th rev. ed. 1946 Hausman, E. H. The illustrated encyclopedia of American wild flowers. 1947 Osbom, H. S. Plants of the Holy Land with their fruits and flowers. 1859 Stevenson, N. I. Pocket guide to 60 distinctive tropical trees cultivated in the open in the United States. 1933 Tatnall, R. R. Flora of Delaware and the eastern shore. 1946 Wherry, E. T. Wild flowers of the northeastern and midland states. 1948 Wiegand, K. N. & Foxworthy, F. W\ Key to genera of woody plants in winter; ed. 3. 1908. NATURE STUDY Gexeral Bedichek, R. Adventures with a Texas naturalist. 1947 Nature magazine. Nature on parade. 1947 Pettit, T. Book of nature hobbies. 1947 Wonders of nature: how animals and plants live and behave in relation to their natural surroundings. 1945 Brans Hudson, W. H, British birds Lemmon, R. S. How to attract the birds; planting, feeding, housing. 1947 Sharpe, R. B. Wonders of the bird world. 1898 BIOGRAPHY Bakeless, J. Lewis and Clark, partners in discovery. 1947 Gilmour, J. British botanists. 1944 Harvey, A. G. Douglas of the fir: a biography of David Douglas, botanist. 1947 Howard, W^. L. Luther Burbank, a victim of hero worship. 1946 ESSAYS Alsop, G. F. April in the branches. 1947 Ayscough, F. A Chinese mirror: being reflections of the reality behind appearance. 3^2 BOOKS ADDED TO THE LIBRARY Greenberg, D. B., ed. Countryman's companion: a treasury of farm lit- erature from ancient to modem times. 1947 King, C. B. This was ever in mj' dream. 1947 Perelman, S. J. Acres and pains. 1947 Pryor, W. C. The lazy gardener. 1947 Smith, A. Books and gardens. 1947 Tyrrell, M. L. The affairs of Nicholas Culpeper. 1947 Wilson, E. W. The gourd m folk literature. 1947 FINE ARTS General Bing, S., comp. Artistic Japan, nos. 1-25. May 1888- June 1890. Brod, F, Flowers in nature and design. 1947 Cole, R. V. The artistic anatomy of trees. 1925 Cory, H. E. Significance of beauty in nature and art. 1947 Horst, H. P., illus. Patterns from nature, photos by Horst. 1946 Flower Arrangement Biddle, D. and Blom, D. Flower arrangement for everyone. 1947 Ishimoto, T. Art of flower arrangement. 1947 Oneal, C. M. Flower arrangements of the Americas. 1947 Rockwell, F. F. & Grayson, E. C. Complete book of flower arrangement. 1947 Rogers, M. Flower arrangement, a hobby for all. 1948 Soules, K. Modern florist designing. Taber, G. and Kistner, R. Flower arranging for the American home. 1947 Tsujii, K. The mastery of Japanese flower arrangement, trans, by Bunsho Jugaku and Keiichi Fujii. 1940 Vogue in flowers; 7th ed. 1947 TRAVEL Butcher, D. Exploring our national parks and monuments. 1947. Fairchild, D. The world grows round my door. 1947 Peattie, R., ed. Sierra Nevada, the range of light. 1947 Russell, C. P. One hundred years in Yosemite. 1947 Yeager, D. G. Your western national parks. 1947 GIFTS TO THE LIBRARY The Massachusetts Horticultural Society acknowledges with thanks gifts to the Library from the following donors: Burrage Estate. A large collection of works on horticulture and plant hunting Crosby, Mrs. S. V. R. Our South African flowers, ed. by R. H. Compton. King, T. S. Alpenblumenfibel; 4te aufl. BOOKS ADDED TO THE LIBRARY 33 Krelage, E. H. Drie eeuwen bloembollenexport . . . tot 1938. McKelvey, Mrs. S. D. Key to genera of woody plants in winter; ed. 3, by K. M. Wiegand and F. W. Foxworthy Nehrling, a. H. A collection of works on horticulture Paige, C. H. Nursery catalogues from the firm of Haage and Schmidt Philbrook, Mrs. Lawrence R. H. Shumway's garden guide for 1893 Spruance, Edith Flora of Delaware and the eastern shore, by R. R. Tatnall. Stearns, Mrs. Foster. De florum cultura libri IV, by G. B. Ferrari Trinity Parish Library, Boston. Plants of the Holy Land with their fruits and flowers. WiNFiELD, Mrs. James E. British birds, by W. H. Hudson Wonders of the bird world, by R. B. Sharpe (/.Senevolent ^ratcrnilu ^ruit and Slower riflidsion The Benevolent Fraternity Fruit and Flower Mission will begin on June 1st its SOtii year of continuous service and the -^^th year that its headquarters have been estabhshed in the basement of Horticultural Hall. We again wish to express our thanks and gratitude to the Trustees and we appreciate the friendly interest and cooperation of Mr. Xehrling. In the summer of 1947, we received at our four Centres 77-i hampers, cartons, etc.. from 31 towns. This was a gain of 18-2 over the year before and next to the highest total of 776 in 1941. Duxbury, North Grafton. Harvard, Grafton. Lexington, Xeedham, Soituate, Hanover, W inchester, Westboro, Hingham. WoUaston, Groton, Arlington. Lincoln. Hopkinton, Beverly and North Andover had a 100^^ record. Way land, Cohasset. Peabody, Weston, Sharon and Newton Centre missed only one week. Duxbury was the banner town sending in by express direct to the Centre 90 hamp>ers. cartons, etc. North Grafton was second and Harvard third. Five hundred and fifty-three individuals were reached at Thanksgi\*ing, Christmas and Easter with baskets, gift trays, extra gifts, etc. This was the largest in our history* and 115 more than last year. The following garden clubs contributed generously to our hohday work: WoUaston Garden Club, Newton Centre Garden Club. Southern Brookline Garden Club. Lexington Field and Garden Club. Grafton Gar- den Club. Hopkinton Garden Club, Hingham Garden Club, Greenwood Garden Club. Junior League Garden Club and Needham Garden Club. Mrs. Geoffrey G. \Miitney kindly donated 30 tickets to the Spring Flower Show for our special recipients who otherwise would not have been able to attend. This brought them a great deal of joy and also a lasting pleasure. ' Flowers from the different shows have been sent to many shut-ins. hospital wards and institutions. The Fruit and Flower Mission is grateful to all of their many friends who make it possible to carry on this work. Ethel E. Hudson Execuiite Secretary 34 r^eportd ojf KJfficeir5 and (committees Presented at the ANNUAL MEETING, MAY 3, 1948 The annual meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society was held at Horticultural Hall at 3:00 P.M. on May 3, 1948, with the President, Mr. John S. Ames in the chair. He appointed Mr. Edwin F. Steffek, Miss Faith Freeman and Miss Claire Sabadini as tellers. Mr. Arno H. Nehrling, the executive secretary, read the call for the meeting. By vote, the reading of the minutes of the previous annual meeting was waived. Mr. Ames then presented his annual presidential address. ZJIte J-^reslaenl 6 ^y^dareSd The outstanding development of the Society during 1947 was a really remarkable increase in membership. We have now close to 11,000 members. This is not only the largest membership this Society has enjoyed in its long history, but I believe is the largest single annual increase in any one year. More than 2,500 new members were added during the twelve months. This is a most gratifying development because it indicates a tremendous upsurge in interest in the Society and in its work. I may say that plans have been made to continue our efforts to increase our membership during the coming months. We should congratulate ourselves upon this happy development. Another outstanding event of the year was the development of our magazine Horticulture. Gardeners are of all people the most conserva- tive persons. It was evident a year ago that it was unwise to publish Horti- culture twice a month and the decision was made at about that time to put it on a monthly basis. As of January first, we began publishing the magazine as a monthly, taking great pains to enlarge the magazine and to add to its interest and value in every way possible. The magazine now has taken its place as a thoroughly modern and up-to-date garden magazine. In carrying out the work of the Society, lectures play an important part. During the war, we were compelled by circumstances to stop all such activities. However, last Spring, as you all know, we did begin this work with a series of four lectures designed to help veterans and other new gar- deners in developing new home plantings. The success of this series en- couraged us to launch another series this Spring, a series which is now largely completed. I am pleased to announce that during the year we received the bequest of $50,000.00 made to the Society by Miss Louisa Case. We also received $1,000.00 which was bequeathed to the Massachusetts Horticultural So- 35 36 ANNUAL MEETING ciety by Adeline B. Gill. Both of these bequests have been set up as per- manent funds. The Society is deeply grateful for the interest and generosity of these donors. There was $4,581.78 added to the Greater Endowment Fund during the year. This represents pledges made previouslj" and were received in 1947. During 1947, your Society'' staged thirteen flower shows. This was a most ambitious program and severely taxed our resources and staflF. The public received them very well and from that point of view they were entirely satisfactory, constituting a most remarkable and praiseworthy contribu- tion to the advancement of horticulture. Once again, the New England Spring Flower Show held at Mechanics Building, March 15-20, was a conspicuous success. I think I can say that ours was the most successful of all the large shows held m the country this year. Because of economic conditions, our attendance was down sHghtly from that of the previous year. However, an increase in the price of ad- mission balanced that loss. Reports from other cities indicate that losses there ran to as much as a third. As j^ou know, during the war it was almost impossible for us to undertake any repairs to the building. Last year we began making such repairs as were vitally necessary and this year we continued the process, adding some work which was permissible because of the improved financial condition of our Society. For example, all of the floors of the building have been completely refinished. This was necessary because they were badly worn. We had the walls and ceilings on the second floor repainted and I may say that the interior of the building is now in first-class condition. We plan to undertake some of the necessary work on the exterior as circumstances permit. In particular, we need to do some repointing and some exterior painting. We also installed a switch in the lecture room which enables us to control the fights from a single p>oint rather than from several as was the case in the past. In this work of renovation, we made another outstanding accomplish- ment. As you know, our portrait gallery of presidents of the Society com- prises one of our most valuable possessions. Some of these portraits are of considerable merit and value. During the years, they have naturally de- teriorated somewhat and we have long desired to renovate them. During 1947, we were financiaUy able to begin this work at last. Ten of the por- traits which were in the poorest condition were renovated. We plan to do ten more in 1948 and to continue the program into 1950 and thus preserve these priceless paintings. Our library has continued to grow and may now be described as one of the greatest horticultural libraries in the world, wdth about 30,000 volumes easily accessible. We are in a position to offer to all gardeners just about all the horticultural information that is available in print anywhere. The Library Committee will, I am sure, report in detail upon the library's ac- complishments and needs. I think, however, I should say that all of the books of Albert C. Burrage, which were wiUed to us tentatively at the time of his death, are now in our possession. We are to be congratulated upon the ownership of so many valuable books. ANNUAL MEETING 37 As to the future of the Society, I think I express the opinion of all our Trustees and officers when I say that we are in a most excellent position. While there is much to be done and while a great deal of hard work remains for us all, I think we may confidently look forward to continuous growth in our membership and in continued development of facilities to give to New England — indeed, to all the United States — the very best horti- cultural service possible. I understand that there are now about 20,000,000 gardeners in the United States. I am told that the number is constantly increasing, that gardening is becoming one of the most popular and important functions of the American people. If this be so, if we are to garden as a nation, bigger and better than before, our Society being the largest and most important in the country has a wonderful opportunity for horticultural service. I am sure that we are all pleased at this situation and I am equally sure that we are all prepared to do whatever is necessary during the coming year and the years ahead to fulfill the purpose of our founders, the advancement of horticulture. John S. Ames President r^eport of the S^ecfeiaru As the president has just reported, the Society was very fortunate during the past 12 months in having an unprecedented increase in membership. Our membership today is approximately 11,000, which is a most health}^ and encouraging indication of the well being of our Society and of its prospects for the future. This increase was due in large part to an active campaign sustained over a period of months. Since we believe that a large membership is necessary for our effectiveness, we plan to continue this effort during the months ahead. In our opinion, there is a very large field for the services which this Society has to offer. When we consider that within the metropolitan area of Boston there are perhaps two and a haff million people and that at least 10 per cent of them are gardeners, according to the national ratio, it is evident that we have a great opportunity for service. In addition to the Greater Boston area, this Society serves all of New England and most of the United States. You may be interested to know that we have members in all but four of the states. It is my desire to report in more detail upon Horticulture than did our president. He has outlined the difficulties and problems we faced in converting from 20 to 12 issues a year. I should like to emphasize the fact that this change was made as of January first without any difficulty. In fact, of our 40,000 subscribers, I do not recall a single serious complaint, and not more than half a dozen people expressed themselves as being disappointed in having fewer issues. Practically everybody from whom we heard expressed themselves as being pleased with the change. This may be due principally to the fact that we worked to make the new Horticulture a larger and better magazine in every way possible. For instance, we have 38 ANNUAL MEETING obtained a nationwide staff of contributors who bring authority and points of view which inevitably make the magazine more interesting, and we are now able to use better paper, better illustrations and better printing. We know that Horticultuke, now only in its fifth month of this new form, is far from perfect, if it is ever possible for a magazine to be perfect. How- ever, we are constantly alert to fiind ways and means for making it better and I assure you that Horticulture will continue to improve in the months to come. A detailed financial report will be given later by our treasurer. I think it is proper for me to say at this time that we went through the year with- out a deficit. This is due, I believe, in large part, to the verv' careful financial management which is exercised by all your officers. Nothing was over- looked to make sure that, as far as possible, full value w^as received for every expenditure. In regard to our flower shows, I feel we had a very successful and satis- factory year. An unusual development was the fact that the Society at three of its shows was host to three national horticultural organizations. These were the American Delphinium Society, the American Peony So- ciety, and the Chrysanthemum Society of America. During the past I'i months, our Society also coop>erated with many horticultural and related organizations, such as the American Carnation Society and the North- eastern Florists' Association. I should also like to add that the Society was instrumental in the foundation last July of the North American Lily Society, a group from which I am sure the country is going to hear a great deal in the future, since lilies are becoming more popular and important. In regard to our show schedule, we had 13 exhibitions in 1947. In the opinion of our Exhibition Committee and officers, this was too many. It made heavy demands upon the Society's finances in the provision of prizes and in the payment of expenses, and it also kept our staff so busy that there was no time for needed and necessary repairs to the building. For this reason, during 1948, we have eliminated three shows by combining several into one. AVe believe that our 1948 schedule of ten shows will be entirely adequate as well as a substantial financial saving. In the matter of the Society's books, I am sorry to report that "The Gardener's Travel Book" will probably not appear this year. Mr. Farring- ton completed the work on this book before his retirement, but the Oxford Press, who have accepted it for publication, were unable to fit it into their schedule. We believe that it will be published in 1949. As you know, we purchased the copyright to "Manning's Plant Buyer's Guide." We are revising this book and we are working on the preparation of the manuscript, which wall cover the entire countrv' and prove of great value to both the trade and gardeners everywhere. This book we antic- ipate will be ready for publication early next year. The Society's book sales were continued but on a smaller scale, since it was determined that we were justified only in continuing them as a service to members and not as a commercial venture. During the year, it was my privilege as secretary to maintain direct and active relations with various horticultural and related organizations. ANNUAL MEETING 39 We have maintained close touch with both the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society and the Horticultural Society of New York. In addition, I at- tended the Second Annual Conference of the American Horticultural Council, both as a representative of this Society and as a speaker. My subject was ''Horticultural Awards." The paper is to be published in an early bulletin of the Council. I was also elected secretary of the Council at that meeting. Last Spring, I represented the Society in Washington at a hearing on the proposed changes in the quarantine laws governing the importation of bulbs. It was decided that the Society should take a position in opposition to the proposed change and I presented the Society's point of view before the congressional coipmittee. At the time of the International Spring Flower Show held in New York, I represented President Ames at a dinner given by the Horticultural Society of New York. It was my privilege to present our exhibition gold medals to Mr. L. C. Bobbink of the firm of Bobbink & Atkins for having the best garden in the 1947 New York Show, and to Mr. Don Roehrs, to whom the medal was awarded this year for the best garden in the Show. Also as a representative of the Society, I attended an organization meeting of the National Tulip Society and was appointed a director for that organization's District 1. Last Spring, I also attended a meeting of the Arthur Hoyt Scott Founda- tion at Swarthmore, Pennsylvania, for the purpose of selecting a candidate for the Arthur Hoyt Scott Medal, which is given for outstanding service to horticulture. The medal was awarded to Professor Saunders, the famous peony hybridizer. President Ames and your Secretary were invited by the Board of Trustees of Cornell University to attend a dinner given on April 29 in honor of Dr. Liberty Hyde Bailey, who recently observed the ninetieth anniversary of his birth. Unfortunately, Mr. Ames had a previous engage- ment, so it became my privilege to attend. It was an experience I shall always remember. In fact, I consider it one of the highlights of my entire horticultural career. In attendance were botanists and horticulturists from all over the country. Dr. E. D. Merrill, one of our own Trustees, repre- sented Harvard University. I may say here that the Society was also represented from time to time by our editor, Mr. William H. Clark. For example, he attended the recent annual convention of the Men's Garden Clubs of America and he also represented us at the March luncheon meeting of the Pennsylvania Horti- cultural Society at the time of their Spring Flower Show. It is now my sad duty to report the death during the year of Mr. William Wolcott. Mr. Wolcott was a Trustee of the Society for many years and devoted himself in various capacities to promoting its welfare. He was the third generation of his family to be active in the Society and his loss is keenly felt. During the year, Mr. Q. A. Shaw McKean found it necessary to resign as a Trustee because of a change of residence. He was a member of one of our important committees and his resignation was a great loss. 40 ANNUAL MEETING During the past few months, the Society experimented with its own radio program as an educational feature. Mr. Seth L. Kelsey of East Boxford, a member of the Society for many years, had p^e^^ously broad- cast garden programs with the cooperation of the Society over Station "NVHDH and had built up a large following. Early in the j^ear, Mr. Kelsey proposed that the Society take over this program. Since the station was willing to contribute its time, the Board of Trustees decided to take over the program for a period of six months. For many years, it has been the poHcy of the Society to serve the general pubhc by means of a series of lectures. As was the case last Spring when we first resumed this activity following the war, we continued it again this Spring, beginning with a lecture by John Nash Ott, Jr., who dehvered a magnificently illustrated talk on flower behavior and various aspects of horticulture. Vie are dehghted to report that this lecture enjoyed the largest attendance of any the Society has ever sponsored. It was necessary for Mr. Ott to repeat his lecture at the conclusion of his first appearance, and even then, some people were turned away. Another lecture was one by Dr. Rolf Singer of Harvard University, who presented the first of what we hope to be an annual series on mushrooms. Our popular lecture program this Spring includes a series of four: "Grow Your Own Food," by Professor Paul Dempsey of the Waltham Field Station; "How to Choose Your Plants," by Seth Kelsey, East Boxford; "Putting Plants in Their Places," by Miss Brenda Newton of our own staff; and "Garden Pests," by Professor W. D. AATiitcomb of the ^yaltham Field Station. This series was planned as a contribution toward the advancement of the Freedom Garden movement which is being promoted throughout the country. The Society has consistently cooperated with other agencies, both pubhc and private, in promoting Freedom Gardens. In conclusion, I should like to express my deep appreciation for the many kindnesses and excellent support I have received from the men and women with whom I have worked during the past year. I look forward in the year to come to enjoying the same splendid cooperation. We are beginning an era in the history of our Society which holds for us the promise of both greatly increased activity and of greath* enlarged services. What the future can hold for us no one knows, but we may all be assured that this Society, now preeminent in America in its field, has both the abihty and the equipment to make itself an integral part of the forthcom- ing development of horticulture and gardening in America. Arno H. Nehrling Executive Secretary r^eport of tne L^ommlHee on C^xniolHond I am happy to report a most successful year in the annals of this Society so far as the financial and other operations of this committee are concerned. In addition to a very successful Sprmg Flower Show held in the Mechanics Building, 12 smaller exhibitions were staged in Horticultural Hall. The ANNUAL'MEETING 41 attendance at these smaller shows was about average. We have long hoped that the attendance at the Autumn Show could be increased to such a point that it would be self-supporting, since this and the Spring Show are the only ones to which admission is charged. Last year the attendance was 7,805, but, as usual, the expenses exceeded the receipts, the deficit being $2,179,78. The Committee has decided not to charge any admission to this exhibition in 1948, though its standard of quality will be kept up to that of former years. Time and space do not permit me to go into details regarding the various smaller exhibitions. I mention briefly that the Lily Show was an outstand- ing event. The presence of lily enthusiasts from all parts of the country was responsible for a larger attendance than at any previous lily show, and resulted in the formation of the North American Lily Society. Partic- ularly worthy of mention also was the Delphinium exhibition staged by the American Delphinium Society in cooperation w^ith the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. One section of the hall was assigned to the New England Rose Society, the two groups of plants making an ideal combina- tion. The Autumn Show featuring greenhouse chrysanthemums was considered by many visitors to be the finest Chrysanthemum exhibit staged in Horticultural Hall in many years. The results of the recent Spring Show in Mechanics Building exceeded the expectations of both the Exhibitions Committee and the officers of the Society. At this show the Exhibition Committee, working through the Show Manager, is expected to make a minimum profit, for income from this source is very important to the Society. The Committee is informed in advance of the amount needed for budgetary purposes. We were frankly worried by the situation as it developed, because we had little or no control over various factors. The exhibit was a particularly expensive one to stage because of the large amount of special construction involved, and, of course, radically increased labor costs, to say nothing of the increase in the cost of supplies, equipment, rental of Mechanics Building, and other charges. Furthermore, nearly all of the exhibits in Grand Hall were developed at the expense of the Horticultural Society itself, although the tulip bulbs were supplied gratis by the Dutch Tulip Growers Association. Based on our experience in 1947 the tentative budget for the 1948 show was placed at $100,000.00, but it soon became evident that this amount would be exceeded by some thousands of dollars. In brief, the 1948 exhibi- tion was the most expensive one we have ever staged in the Mechanics Building, which means, of course, the most expensive in the history of our shows. By the middle of the week, however, it became evident from the daily attendance records that we need no longer worry about the financial results. Our total attendance in 1947 was 126,000, and that of this year 115,000, a decrease of about nine per cent. However, this decrease in total attendance w^as not reflected in the profits because of the slight increase in the price of admission and because of increased income from the sale of trade space and certain other sources. All of you saw the exhibition, so it does not seem necessary at this time to discuss other than its financial aspects. The profits of the Spring Show 42 ANNUAL MEETING not only covered the amount that the officers of the Society had set as a minimum goal in order to enable them to keep the total budget of the Society in balance for the fiscal year, but actually greatly exceeded the amount we were requested to provide. While the books are not finally closed, it is now apparent that the total profit in 1948 will equal or even slightly exceed that of the extraordinarily successful year 1946, when the total profit broke all records, being $51,860.41. Thus the Spring Show profits not only contribute very materially to the operation of the other departments of the Society, mcluding all of the smaller exhibitions, but the trustees may find it possible at the end of the year to add a certain amount to the Flower Show reserve fund. An innovation in connection with the Spring Show has been the setting up of a separate Flower Show Account, with a complete set of books being maintained solely for exhibition matters. Thus it is now possible for the first time for the Exhibitions Committee to determine at any time the exact financial status of the Flower Show Department. I camiot but feel that the arrangements developed in Boston are admirable from every standpoint in that, unlike the situation in other eastern cities where large spring flower shows are held, with us all profits from operations accrue to the Societj" itself. We realize, of course, that if for any reason our Spring Show did not prove to be a financial success, the Society would have to cover the deficit, and that it would have to reduce its other activities accordingly. This is the reason why the Flower Show Reserve Fund was originally established as a safeguard against possible contingencies, and again is the reason why we urge that whenever excess profits are available, additions be made to the established reserve fund. The exhibitions which the Committee plans and supervises, working through the Show Manager, cannot be allowed to fall below certain standards, and yet at the same time it should be realized that the Committee makes a very serious attempt to operate on a sound financial basis, being constantly on guard against extraordinary expenditures. As chairman of the Exhibitions Committee, and for that Committee, I wish to express sincere appreciation for the cooperation we have had from the Committee on Prizes, from the officials of the Society, from its mem- bers, and especially from the numerous individuals who have staged exhibits of one tjpe or another. Without the full cooperation of those individuals and firms it would, of course, be impossible for the Society to operate on such an extensive scale. We wish to acknowledge our special appreciation of the services rendered by Mr. Egbert Hans and Mr. Lommerse, who were to a large extent responsible for developing Grand Hall into "Tulip Time." I also desire to mention the Garden Club Federation of Massachusetts and the newly organized Women's Exhibitions Committee of the Society for the as- sistance rendered in making our 1948 Spring Show so successful. Partic- ularly worthy of mention also were the exhibits staged by the New England Carnation Growers Association and Roses Incorporated. I regret that space and time limitations are such that I cannot go more into detail regarding these exhibits. • ANNUAL MEETING 43 ^^ If any member of the Society has constructive ideas to offer to our committee, or if he has criticisms, his ideas and criticisms will be wel- comed. We are open-minded and appreciate ideas which may not have occurred to us. We have proved that through cooperation we can, year after year, stage extensive and attractive exhibitions which not only give real pleasure to the many thousands of individuals who attend them, but whicli, also, have developed into one of the most important sources of income of the Society. But for the annual profits of the Spring Show, an event which in Boston has certainly "arrived," as the saying goes, the operations and services of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society as a whole would, of necessity, have to be curtailed. I personally extend my sincere thanks to all members of the Exhibitions Committee for their regular attendance at its numerous meetings, for the suggestions they have offered, and for their loyalty to the Society. One and all are motivated by the same aspirations, to stage excellent shows, to improve from year to year, to keep expenses to a minimum, and to operate on such a basis that there will be a good financial return to the Massa- chusetts Horticultural Society. After all, this is your society, and you all unquestionably realize that such an organization as this simply does not run itself. To stage a successful Spring Flower Show involves a vast amount of detailed planning; as soon as one great show is dismantled, the Exhibi- tions Committee immediately commences to plan for the next one, a year hence. E. D. Merrill Chairman r\eport of tne L^ommlHee on f-^rlzed During the past year, the Society held a total of 13 Flower Shows. At 12 of these, the Committee on Prizes superintended the judging. At the Exhibition of the Products of Children's Gardens, judging was done by a special committee under the efficient direction of Mr. Samuel Goddard. In our constant attempt to arrive at fair and just verdicts, to which every exhibitor is assuredly entitled, the availability of competent judges is held to be of the utmost importance. It is the custom of the Committee on Prizes to meet well in advance of each of the larger Shows and from a card catalog of specialists select judges to work under the supervision of the Committee on Prizes. Great care has been taken to give these judges full instructions as to scaling exhibits , to make recommendations for medals and the Society's certificates; to record over their individual signatures worth-while comments of ap- probation or of defects; to work by the Rule Book; and to confer with the Committee on Prizes regarding any matters of marked disagreement or doubtful interpretation. Unfortunately, judging is not an exact science. With many factors involved, each exhibit really becomes an intelligence test for the judges. Where two or more exhibits are in competition, there may be, in fact 44 ANNUAL MEETING always is, a great difference with respect to general character, plant ma- terial, the number of problems the exhibitor has had to meet. In just these cases, wide variations occasionally occur in the appraisals recorded by different sets of judges. In the last analysis, it is the duty of the Committee on Prizes to check up on each of these scalings and harmonize these differences. During the past year, several of these differences of opinion have oc- curred and have been embarrassing. Through the loss of one of the regular members of the Committee — whose place was not filled by a regular appointee — several occasions occurred where, even in the Prize Committee, split decisions resulted. This should be ample proof that any Committee on Prizes should consist of an uneven number of members. Each member should be a man of considerable experience, absolutely impartial, capable of independent opinion, thoroughly familiar with the Rule Book, and willing to consider with an open mind the reasons advanced by other members of the Com- mittee at variance with his own. If special judges fail to follow instructions by omitting to scale in- dependently, by omitting comments as to reasons for wide discrepancies in individual scaling or by leaving the premises before their verdicts have been considered by the Committee on Prizes — in such occasional in- stances, they are not only of no help but actually occasion embarrassment for the Committee. It is satisfactory to report that our card catalog of plants which have received the Society's Certificates is in process of being put into such shape that it will serve as a permanent record. By being readily available, it will be of definite assistance to the Committee whenever a new intro- duction is under consideration for recognition. Such cards should bear the name of the originator, the name of the plant, its pedigree, its degree of hardiness, a reasonably exact description in acceptable terminology and where color is concerned, once again I would recommend that the Massachusetts Horticultural Society adopt as its official color chart the comprehensive Color Chart of the Royal Horti- cultural Society. Dr. George O. Clark Chairman fKeport of lite C^ommUiee on L^nUaren & LjuraenS According to Mr. Daniel O'Brien, who is in charge of the school garden program in the Boston public schools, almost as many gardens were maintained by the children last year as during the War when the Victory Garden program was in progress. This is an encouraging trend and we all know that there is no healthier occupation than gardening, especially for children. Many of these youngsters will become our future horticulturists. Just to keep these children occupied is another important value as it keeps them off the streets and in this way has a tendency to reduce child ANNUAL MEETING 45 delinquency. This point is recognized by the Boy Scouts of America who will this Spring develop an extensive garden program for Boy Scouts all over the United States. It is our duty as citizens to do everything possible to encourage children to garden. The Children's Show sponsored by our Society is the largest and most important exhibition of its kind in the coimtry. Mr. Henry G. Wendler of the Boston Public Schools told me that he found this fact is being recog- nized from his conversations with visitors from three States including a man from Florida and a number of teachers from the New York School Department. They were high in their praise, he said, for the type of show the Massachusetts Horticultural Society was staging for the children of Massachusetts. The number of entries at the Children's Show last year were not quite as numerous as in former years. This was due to the fact that a severe electrical storm the afternoon and evening before the Show interfered with the harvesting of the vegetables and the cutting of the flowers. In many cases the flowers that the children were planning to bring into the Show were damaged to such an extent that they were not suitable for show pur- poses. The number of entries in the School and Home Garden Section totalled 682 and in the 4-H Club section 229, making a total of 911. In addition there were 50 entries in the Canned Fruit and Vegetable Section. The quality of the vegetables was extremely high for a Children's Show. Each year more attention is being given to the arrangement of the mate- rial. A great deal of overcrowding has been eliminated, and in the school garden exhibits the backgrounds were of flowers which adds interest to the individual exhibits. A number of school garden exhibits compared favorably with those staged by professionals in other shows. For a number of years the Committee has been trying to encourage children from surrounding communities to participate, and this ground work is beginning to bring results, as we had more exhibits from outlying districts than we ever had before. The Committee hopes that the mem- bers of the Society, as well as the Garden Clubs, will continue to urge the children in their commimities to participate in the Children's Show. I would like to state again that any child under 18 years of age from any part of New England is eligible. At the close of the Show^ the children again presented the vegetables, fruits, and flowers on exhibition to the Fruit and Flower Mission. Miss Ethel E. Hudson, the executive secretary of this organization, was elated over the generous amount and the quality of the material. The vegetables, fruits and flowers were sent to hospitals, homes for aged women, and other organizations on the list of the Fruit and Flower Mission. The vegetables were especially welcome because of the prevailing high prices. Unfortunately, your chairman and Mr. Daniel O'Brien, the second mem- ber of the Committee, were not able to take an active part in the prepara- tion of the Show because of illness. However, Mr. Henry G. Wendler, Mr. O'Brien's assistant, was untiring in his efforts in planning and staging the Show. Mrs. Henry Tudor gave the Committee many valuable suggestions and attended the Show to advise and assist Mr. Wendler. The chairman of 46 ANNUAL IMEETING the Committee extends his thanks to Mr. Henry G. Wendler and to Mrs. Tudor, as well as to Mr. Earle Xodine who as usual staged a marvelous exhibit with his 4-H Club boys and girls. S. J. GODDARD Chairman Keport of the cJLioraru L^ommlUee Last year this Committee reported that use of the library had increased by 25 per cent. The gain was e\'idently the beginning of a new post-war interest in gardening, for this increase has persisted. More than 5000 books were borrowed, and 1697 packages were mailed to readers in other parts of the country. More members are bringing their gardening problems by personal call, telephone, and letter. A cordial invitation is extended to all members to visit the library if they can, and to make use of its services by mail, wherever they live. A selected catalogue is sent to every member when he joins, and the experts on the staff will be glad to answer questions. The largest stimulus has come through the Spring Flower Show, where the information booth is in charge of the library staff. Experience showed that visitors wanted gardening information as well as facts about the Show. A good selection of books from the hbrary helps to further this work, and consignments of new books for sale have been jxjpular and profitable. Last year and this year members of the staffs of the Arnold Arboretum and the AValtham Field Station have given a morning, an afternoon or an evening at the booth as consultants, and we thank them for their interest and help. Four hundred and ninety-five volumes were added to the collection by gift, purchase and binding, bringing the total number of bound volumes up to 29,09L Another large collection has just been received from the A. C. Burrage estate. Ours is by far the largest horticultural library in America. A large collection of duphcate books was put on sale this Spring. Lists were sent to other scientific libraries, and sales have been good. E. D. Merrill Chairman ANNUAL MEETING 47 IKeport of the ^reaAurer STATEMENT OF FINANCIAL CONDITION ON December 31, 1947 ASSETS Cash in Banks and on hand $ 32,039.32 Treasurer: in Bank $ 22,187. 83 Bursar: In Bank 9,844 . 77 On Hand 6.72 $ 32,039 32 Investments valued at Book value $ 777,169.50 Capital Assets 592,586 . 38 Real Estate $498,564 . 63 Improvements and Additions to Building 47,441 . 28 Library 46,580.47 $592,586.38 Deferred Charge: Spring Show, 1948 1,254.73 $1,403,049.93 LIABILITIES AND CAPITAL FUNDS Liabilities : Accounts Payable $ 67 1 . 50 Sundry Funds 579,047. 96 Special Uses: Principal $167,326.62 Unexpended Income. . . 10,776.20 $178,102.82 General Uses : Principal 400,945.14 $579,047 . 96 Greater Endowment Fund 35,460. 16 Balance January 1, 1947 $ 30,878.38 Net Addition, 1947 4,581.78 $ 35,460.16 Life Membership Fees 29,542.00 Mount Auburn Cemetery Fund 55,053.52 Show Insurance Fund 53,177. 93 Capital 564,524.70 Surplus (Capital) 81,929. 72 Balance, January 1, 1947 $ 70,514 . 21 Add : Net Profit on Sale of Securities .. . 11,415.51 $ 81,929.72 Surplus (Earned) 3,642. 44 Balance, January 1, 1947 $ Transferred from Profit and Loss 3,642 . 44 $ 3,642.44 $1,403,049.93 48 ANNUAL MEETING STATEMENT OF INCOME AND EXPENDITURES INCOME 1947 1946 Income from investments $ 38,691 . 81 $ 3^2,593 . 92 Membership fees 15,702.69 15,163.00 Rentals 11,507.87 6,742.43 Spring Show 75,158.67 78,250.54 Autumn Show 1,087 86 Horticulture 160.31 9,185.26 Other Receipts 3,680.88 3,087 . 69 $145,669.47 $145,022.84 EXPENDITURES Building Expense $ 32,280.46 $ 21,790.05 Library Expense 13,869.46 11,302.08 Oflfice and General Salaries and Expenses. . . 52,351.14 52,049.89 Miscellaneous Exhibition Expense 3,647.85 8,586.16 Lectures paid from General Funds 112.43 Priaes, Medals and Certificates paid from General Funds 7,638.75 4,521.96 Prizes, Medals and Certificates paid from Spring Show 28,438.00 24,358.36 Medals, Lectures, etc. Paid from Restricted Funds 1,884.00 2,880.50 Awards at Shows paid from Restricted Funds 2,735 . 87 1,876 . 43 Other Payments 100.00 167.50 $143,057 96 $127,532 93 Excess of Income over Expenditures, All Funds $ 2,611.51 17,489.91 Deduct: Difference between current income additions and current expenses charged on Restricted Funds 1,030.93 36.21 Excess of Income over Expenditures, Gen- eral Funds $ 3,642.44 $ 17,526.12 Net Transfer to Show Insurance Fund from Sprmg Show Income, 1946 12,558.23 Balance of Income $ 3,642.44 $ 4,967.89 Walter Hunnewell Treasurer RESULT OF THE BALLOTING At 4 :O0 o'clock the polls were closed, 74 votes having been cast, and the following p>ersons were declared elected : President: John S. Ames. Vice President: Dr. George O. Clark. Trustees: (For three years) George B. Cabot, Walter Hunnewell, Seth L. Kelsey, Mrs. Willlajh A. Parker and Mrs. Roger Warner. Trustee: (For one year) John Chandler, n ecroloau A list of the members of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society whose deaths were reported during the year ending May 1, 1948. Mrs. Leonard Ahl Mrs. Charles F. Aldrich Mr. Frederick W. Austin Mrs. Samuel G. Babcock Mr. James S. Bache Miss Chloe E. Bachelor Miss S. Louise Baker Mrs. Charles B, Barnes Miss Elizabeth C. Barry Mrs. Louise E. Bennett Mrs. Stillman A. Benway Mrs. Susie B. Black Mrs. Henry G. Bradlee Mr. Luther A. Breck Mrs. Edmund G. Buckner Mr. Victor Bushman Miss A. Linda Campbell Mr. William H. Cann Miss Alice A. Carter Mr. William C. Carter Mrs. Dexter H. Chamberlain Miss Katharine F. Cody Mr. William R. Cordingley Miss Marie A. Crane Mrs. George U. Crocker Mrs. H. Stanley Crysler Mr. Alex Cumming Mrs. Emily Curbie Mrs. H. D. Delano Mr, Walter W. Dennis Mrs. John O. DeWolf Mr. Scott T. Doten Miss Luella M. Eaton Mrs. Ralph C. Estes Miss Katharine French Miss Louise Gadoury Mr. Jesse E. Grant Mrs. Alice R. Hartshorn Mrs. Arthur C. Harvey Mr. Hammond V. Hayes Mr. Frank L. Haynes Miss Helen W. Holmes Miss Cora C. Holt Mrs. William E. Holtham Mr. Charles Hoyer Mr. Henry V. Hubbard Mrs. Joshua C. Hubbard Miss Sarah E. Jacobs Mr. William A. Jeffries Mr. C. B. Johnson Mr. Fred D. Jordan Mr. Myron L. Keith Mr. Herbert J. Kellaway Mrs. Nellie S. Kenny Mrs. Willard Kent Miss Martha G. Kimball Mrs. Tarrant P. King Mr. Harry B. Livermore Mr. Alfred I. Merigold Mrs. Winthrop N. Messenger Mr. James L. Miller Mr. George W. Mitton Mr. E. Francis Naugler Miss Alvena C. Newhall Mrs. Edith C. Nickerson Mr. Robert N. Nye Miss Hilda L. Olson Mr. John R. Palmer Mr. Walter H. Parker Mr. M. Sumner Perkins Mrs. Sarah C. Pierce Mr. Myron D. Place Mrs. C. Griggs Plant Mr. Fred H. Poore Mr. Albert H. Poulton Mr. Charles D. Pray Mr. William L. Puffer Mrs. Ellen M. A. Putnam Mrs. Arthur C. Raymond Mr. Ralph W. Reynolds Mr. Dexter M. Rogers Mr. John J. Rourke Mrs. Duncan D. Russell Mr. James Scott Mrs. Harry R. Sinclair Mrs. James F. Smithwick Mrs. Marion C. Smyth Mrs. William A. Spalding Mr. Harry F. Stimpson Mrs. Eldie Stone Miss Jennie Sullivan Mr. Samuel S. Symmes Mrs. Edmund M. Taft Mrs. Robert W. Taft I>R. Theodore L. Terry Mr. Hermann Thiemann Mrs. Isaac Rand Thomas Dr. Charles H. Tozier Miss Bertha H. Vaughan Mr. Charles F. Wallace Mr. Bentley W. Warren Mrs. William M. Wheeler Mrs. North Whitehead Mrs. George A. Whitney Mrs. Parker W. Whittemore Mr. Albert R. Whittier Mr. Joseph A. Winsock Mr. William Prescott Wolcott Mr. Albert Wollrath Mr. Louis F. Wood Mr. Rocco Zeparo 49 ^J^onoraru IHIlentb ¥ JemberA 1942 Lord Aberconway, North Wales, England 1942 F. A. Bartlett, Stamford, Connecticut 1942 Walter D. Brownell, Little Compton, Rhode Island 1942 Dr. William A. Dayton, Washington, D. C. 1942 A. T. De L\ Mare, New York, New York 1942 David Fairchild, Coconut Grove, Florida 1942 Joseph B. Gable, Stewartstown, Pennsylvania 1942 Arthur Herrington, Madison, New Jersey 1942 Henry Hicks, Westbury, Long Island, New York 1942 Fred H. Howard, Montebello, California 1942 Colonel R. H. Montgomery, Coconut Grove, Florida 1942 Robert Moses, New York, New York 1942 G. G. Nearing, Ridgewood, New Jersey 1942 Frederick Law^ Olmsted, Brookline, Massachusetts 1942 Mrs. Elizabeth Peterson, New York, New York 1942 George H. Pring, St. Louis, Missouri 1942 Dr. Alfred Rehder, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts 1942 Dr. a. B. Stout, New York, New York 1942 NoRiL^-N Taylor, New York, New York 1942 C, J. Van Bourgondien, Babylon, Long Island, New York 1942 Richard Wellington, Geneva, New York 1942 Elizabeth C. White, Whitesbog, New Jersey 1943 Albert C. Burrage, Ipswich, Massachusetts 1943 Vincent DePetris, Grosse Farms, Michigan 1943 Edward I. Farrington, Weymouth, Massachusetts 1943 Jens Jensen, Ellison Bay, Wisconsin 1943 Henry T. Skinner, Chestnut Hill, Pennsylvania 1944 E. O. Orpet, Santa Barbara, California 1944 Wilfrid Wheeler, Hatchville, Falmouth, Massachusetts 1944 Richardson Wright, New York, New York 1945 Joseph H. Hill, Richmond, Indiana 1945 Albert Hulley, Middleboro, Massachusetts 1945 Jacob K. Shaw', Amherst, Massachusetts 1945 Theodore Wirth, Minneapolis, Minnesota 1946 Walter B. Clarke, San Jose, California 1946 Mrs. John H. Cunningham, Brookline, Massachusetts 1946 Daniel W. O'Brien, Boston, Massachusetts 1946 Edmund F. Palmer, Vineland Station, Ontario, Canada 1947 Dr. a. F. Blakeslee, Northampton, Massachusetts 1947 Thomas H. Everett, New York Botanical Garden, New York 1947 James J. Hurley, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 1947 Dr. Elmer Drew Merrill, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts 1947 Isabella Preston, Lancaster, England 1948 Ernest Borowski, Norwood, Massachusetts 1948 Stedman Buttrick, Concord, Massachusetts 1948 Ernest F. Coe, Coconut Grove, Florida 1948 John L. Russell, Dedham, Massachusetts 1948 Eric Walther, San Francisco, California 50 (^orredjjonclina rl/ lemberS 1925 Rudolph D. Anstead, Bournemouth, England 1889 Dr. L. H. Bailey, Ithaca, New York 1911 W. J. Beax, 2 Mortlake Road, Kew, England 1918 M. Desire Bois, Paris, France 1925 I. H. BuRKiLL, F.L.S., "Clova," Fetcham Park, Leatherhead, England 1921 Fred J. Chittexdex, F.L.S., Vincent Square, Westminster, London, England 1925 AYoox YorxG Chl-x, Sun Yat Sen University, Canton, South China 1925 Hexry F. duPoxt, Winterthur, Delaware 1925 Pierre S. duPoxt, Wilmington, Delaware 1925 Charles C. Eley, M.A., F.L.S., Suffolk, England 1925 George Eraser, Ucuelet, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada 1925 W. G. Freemax, Esq., B.S.C., F.L.S., Imperial Institute, South Kensington, London, S. W. 7, England 1918 Prof. X. E. Haxsex, Brookings, South Dakota 1911 Prof, U. P. Hedrick, Geneva, New York 1925 Prof. H. H. Hu, Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Peking, China 1925 Mrs, C. L. Hutchixsox, Lake Geneva, Wisconsin 1925 Charles W. Kxight, Oakdale, New York 1921 C. E. Laxe-Poole, Canberra, Australia 1925 C. C. Laxey, Rochester, New York 1911 M. Emile Lemoixe, Nancy, France 1925 Sir J. S. Maxwell, Bart, K.T., Pollok House, near Glasgow, Scotland 1918 J. Horace McFarlaxd, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 1925 Mrs. William Mercer, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 1925 Dr. Kixgo Mitabe, Imperial University, Sepparo, Japan 1898 Sir Frederick W, Moore, F.L.S., Willbrook House, Rathfarnham Co., Dublin, Ireland 1918 Dr. George T. Moore, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 1925 F. Clevelaxd Morgax', Montreal, Quebec, Canada 1925 M. L. Parde, Nogent-sur-Vernisson (Loiret), France 1925 I. B. PoLE-EvAXs, C.M.G., Chief of Division and Director, Botanical Survey, Pretoria, Transvaal, South Africa 1906 Sir David Praix, F.R.S., C.M.G., F.L.S., Warlingham, Surrey, England 1925 Miss Isabella Prestox, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada 1925 Johaxtstes Rafx, Skovfrokontoret, Copenhagen, Denmark 1906 Dr. Hexry N. Ridley, C.M.G., F.R.S., F.L.S., M.A., Kew, Surrey, England 1925 Camillo Schxeider, c/o Gartenschonheit, Berlin- Westend, Germany 1925 F. L. Skixtver, Dropmore, Manitoba, Canada 1925 Sir William Wright Smith, F.L.S., Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland 1893 Prof. Willl\m Trelease, Urbana, Illinois 1925 Cyril T. White, Government Botanist, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 1921 GuRXEY WiLSOx, Secretary Royal Horticultural Society Orchid Committee, Vincent Square, London, S. W. 1, England 1925 John C. Wister, Arthur Hoyt Scott Foundation, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania 1925 Sir Chad Woodward, Bewdley, Worcestershire, England 51 ^,Arn Jj^ncrecLSed C^ndowment The Massachusetts Horticultural Society urgently requires additions to its endowment fund. Income has been markedly decreased because of the forced exchange of high interest bonds for those carrying a lower rate of interest. In addition, recent developments in the national economy have caused many substantial increases in operation costs. The Trustees are adverse to curtailing the Society's activities. In fact, there is a greater demand for the Society's services than ever before and the organization is endeavoring to meet this multiplying popular demand. Li addition to our many regular activities our program has been developed into various new fields of usefulness. The gratifying response to these new activities is tjpical of the opportunity confronting this Society. Without an increase in this Society's endowment, some of our work must be curtailed. This will be a great misfortune, not only because of consequent failure to meet the demands being made by the public but also because it will be the first negative action of the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society in its 120 years of the practice of its oflicial purpose: "the advancement of horticulture and kindred interests." 52 Bequests to the Massachusetts Horticultural Society IT IS hoped by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society that it will not be forgotten by members who find it expedient to make their wills. This Society's financial condition is sound and its investments are good, but the income from many of its investments has declined because of decreased retiums from its bond holdings. Expenses naturally have increased and more money is needed to extend the activities of the Society. The following form of bequest is suggested: FORM OF BEQUEST I give and bequeath to the Massachusetts Horticul- tural Society located in Boston, Massachusetts, the sum of. to be used as the Board of Trustees may direct for the promotion of horticulture in its various forms and for extending the activities of the Society along educational lines. Signed. vHlTc,