text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|PCT number
|Publication date
|7 Dec 1999
|Filing date
|28 Jun 1996
|Priority date
|29 Jun 1995
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|David John Hall
|Original Assignee
|David Hall
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Referenced by (41), Classifications (10), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention is particularly applicable to earth moving activities such as those relating to open cut mining.
Typically before any earth moving operation can commence the terrain to be excavated must be surveyed. Drawings can then be produced showing the existing topographical profile of the terrain and a desired profile of the terrain after excavation has been completed.
If the excavation requires bulldozers the bulldozer driver must continually consult drawings to determine how the earth moving activity is progressing and how close the current terrain profile is to the desired terrain profile. To assist in this regard physical markers can also be located on site and can be re-located as earth moving progresses.
The disadvantage with the above system is that the terrain must be continually surveyed to determine the difference between the current terrain profile and the desired terrain profile.
Because of the inefficiencies associated with the above conventional earth moving systems it would be desirable to produce a system which monitored the operation of earth moving vehicles to provide each driver with up-to-date information on the current status of the terrain profile being excavated.
The present invention in one aspect provides a method for monitoring a vehicle tool comprising inputting tool data indicative of the location of the vehicle tool to a data processor, inputting model data to the data processor on a model zone in which the vehicle tool is to operate, operating the data processor to compare the vehicle tool location with the model zone, outputting from the data processor to a display means, data indicative of the difference in location between at least a portion of the vehicle tool and an adjacent surface of the model zone, displaying on the display means an image of the model zone, a representation of the location of the vehicle tool and a representation of the distance of a part of the vehicle tool to the adjacent surface of the model zone.
Preferably the at least a portion of the vehicle tool in one embodiment is the whole of the vehicle tool.
Alternatively the part of the vehicle tool is the bottom edge of the working tool or/and the side edge of the vehicle tool.
Preferably the model zone represents the desired end result after re-shaping by the vehicle tool.
Preferably, the representation of the distance between the part of the vehicle tool and the adjacent surface comprises an image representing a shadow of the part of the vehicle tool on the adjacent surface.
Preferably, the part of the vehicle tool comprises the bottom of the vehicle tool.
It is preferred that the model data comprises a plurality of co-ordinate points referenced to a three dimensional co-ordinate system.
The tool data preferably comprises co-ordinates of at least a part of the vehicle tool in the three dimensional co-ordinate system.
The tool data may comprise data on the location of a point on the body of the vehicle separate from the. vehicle tool.
The tool data may include data indicative of points on the vehicle tool.
The model data may comprise a plurality of points of a zone.
Co-ordinate points of the model zone may be stored in a memory of the data processor.
Preferably, the model zone is stored in memory as a grid of points.
Preferably the tool data includes vehicle data on the location of a vehicle to which the vehicle tool is attached.
The vehicle data may include data on the location of the vehicle relative to a reference point.
Preferably, the tool data is referenced to the vehicle location.
The vehicle tool shadow may be produced from a projection of the location of the vehicle tool vertically to the adjacent surface.
Preferably, the method includes the steps of tracking the location of the vehicle tool using a tracking means and relaying tool data to the data processor.
Preferably, the method includes locating the data processor and display means in the vehicle.
According to another embodiment of the present invention the method includes processing input tool data over a pre-determined period to produce path data on a path travelled by the vehicle tool, comparing the path data with the model zone data, producing revised model zone data, outputting the revised model zone data to the display means, displaying on the display means a revised model zone including a representation of a modification to the part of the model zone corresponding to the path travelled by the vehicle tool.
Preferably, vertical distances between the revised model zone and the desired model zone can be represented on the model zone.
Preferably, these distances can be indicated by variations of colour on the desired model zone.
Preferably, the revised model zone data is produced by comparing the path data with shadow data, which includes data on the distance the vehicle tool extends above or below the adjacent surface over a pre-determined period.
The method may include calculating the volume of space above or below the part of the model zone corresponding to the path travelled by the vehicle tool over the pre-determined period.
The method may include processing the calculated volume of space with parameters relating to the material filling the volume of space to produce an estimate of the resultant profile of the model zone effected by movement of the vehicle tool over the pre-determined period.
Preferably, the parameters relating to the material filling the volume of space include viscosity and density and angle of repose.
The method may include processing the calculated volume of space with parameters relating to the material filling the volume of space to provide an estimate of the location of the material at the end of the pre-determined period and an estimate of the resultant profile of the model zone.
Preferably, the method includes continuously displaying the revised model.
The method may include repeating the previous steps for a plurality of pre-determined periods.
The tool data preferably includes data on the angle of the tool with respect to a reference point.
Preferably, the reference point is on the vehicle.
Alternatively, the reference point is a fixed point in the model system.
According to another embodiment of the present invention the model zone data is processed to produce future path data which is output to the display means, which is arranged to display on the image of the model zone an indication of the path a vehicle tool should follow to complete an operation.
Preferably, the display means shows the indication of the path a vehicle tool should follow by a pointer.
The pointer may be an arrow.
The future path data may comprise information on the most cost effective path for the vehicle tool to take during an operation.
The method may comprise a step of operating the data processor using an optimisation algorithm to calculate the future path.
The method may comprise comparing model zone data at one time with model zone data at a later time to produce the future path.
Preferably, the model zone comprises a surface model of a terrain or a boundary of an ore body.
The surface model may comprise a grid pattern representing points of the landscape depicted by the surface model.
Preferably, the method includes calculating the volume of a solid bounded by the surface model at regular time intervals, calculating the difference in volumes between solids bounded by consecutive surface models and displaying a representation of the difference in volumes between consecutive surface models.
Preferably, the volume of the solid calculated is sub-divided into a plurality of blocks.
Preferably, the plurality of blocks are defined by grids in the surface model.
The solid bounded by the surface model may be divided into a plurality of volume blocks.
Preferably the method includes displaying an image of the plurality of volume blocks on the display means.
The method preferably includes determining which volume block should be moved to which volume space on the surface model.
Preferably, each volume space is formed from co-ordinates in the co-ordinate system which do not represent the location of material and therefore lie above the surface model.
Preferably the display means displays a pointer from a block to an end location on the surface model.
According to another embodiment of the present invention the vehicle tool is the blade of a bulldozer.
Preferably the tool data comprises signals representing points on the vehicle tool.
The tool data may comprise signals representing points on the blade.
The vehicle tool may be an arm with an excavator bucket on one end.
Preferably the points on the vehicle tool permit the data processor to output to the display means data on the shape of the vehicle tool.
Preferably, the display means displays a profile of the vehicle tool.
Preferably, the display means displays an image of a blade of a bulldozer.
Preferably, the shadow is displayed on the display means as a projection of the bottom surface of the vehicle tool.
Preferably, if the lower surface of the vehicle tool is in contact with the adjacent surface, the image of the shadow is co-incident with the image of the lower surface of the vehicle tool.
According, to one embodiment the display means comprises two screen images, a first screen image displaying the image of the model zone, the image of the vehicle tool and the representation of the shadow and the second screen showing the image of the revised model zone.
Preferably, the display means comprising the third screen shows an image of the model zone prior to change by the vehicle tool.
According to a further embodiment of the present invention the display means displays an image the model zone prior to a work operation by the vehicle tool, an image of a desired model zone after completion of a working operation by the vehicle tool, an image of the current appearance of the model zone at any particular point in time, an image of the vehicle tool and an image of the shadow of the vehicle tool.
Preferably, the display means includes a representation of path data on any one of the model zones.
Preferably each image of one of the model zones is represented by a grid pattern appearing as a three dimensional display.
Preferably the image of the vehicle tool and the image of the shadow are continuously displayed during movement of the vehicle tool.
Preferably, the vehicle comprises indicators to provide an indication of when the vehicle tool passes below the surface of the desired model zone.
Preferably the display means displays an indicator whenever a part of the image of the shadow passes through any part of the image of the vehicle tool.
Preferably the indicator is an audible alarm.
According to another aspect of the present invention a system is provided for monitoring movement of a vehicle tool in a model zone comprising a position indicator for indicating the location of a vehicle tool, an orientation indicator for indicating the orientation of the vehicle tool, a tracking means for tracking the position indicator and orientation indicator, a tracking means for transmitting signals indicative of the location of the vehicle tool and the orientation of the vehicle tool, a display means for location on the vehicle for the vehicle tool, wherein the display means is arranged to display a representation of the vehicle tool in the model zone and a representation of the shadow of the vehicle tool cast on the model zone, a data processor for receiving signals transmitted by the tracker means and for processing the signals with data representing a model zone for outputting data to the display means which data enables the display means to display a representation of the vehicle tool and image of the model zone and a representation of a shadow cast by the vehicle tool on the model zone.
According to another aspect of the present invention a system is provided for monitoring movement of a vehicle tool in a model zone, comprising a data processor to be used to receive signals representing the location of a vehicle tool to process data relating to a model zone in which the vehicle tool is to operate and to output to a display means data representing an image of the model zone, data representing location of the vehicle tool within the model zone at any time and data representing an image of the distance between the vehicle tool and an adjacent portion of the model zone, a display to be located in the vehicle of the vehicle tool for displaying image data received from the data processor, a tracking means for tracking the location of parts of the vehicle tool and wherein the tracking means monitors the location of the vehicle tool, sends signals representing the location of the vehicle tool to the data processor and the display displays an image of the vehicle tool, an image of the model zone and the image of the distance between the vehicle tool and the adjacent portion of the model zone.
It is preferred that the system includes at least one indicator located on the vehicle for indicating the location of the vehicle tool.
Preferably the display means comprises a screen located in a control station.
At least one indicator preferably indicates the location of the vehicle tool in a three dimensional co-ordinate system.
Preferably each indicator is located on a part of the vehicle tool.
Preferably at least one indicator is located on the vehicle separate from the vehicle tool.
Each indicator preferably represents a co-ordinate in the reference co-ordinate system.
The model zone may be formed in the reference co-ordinate system.
Preferably a reference indicator is located on the vehicle.
The data processor preferably processes received signals representing the location of the vehicle tool to establish image data representing the shape and position of the vehicle tool.
The indicators may comprise a pitch tilt meter, a roll tilt meters and a bearing compass or inertia sensing transducers.
The tracking means preferably comprises a tracking theodolite.
One of the indicators may be located above the vehicle.
At least one indicator comprises a reflector which is arranged to be visible to the tracking means.
It is preferred that the indicator comprises six reflecting prisms each with a 60� field of view.
Preferably the data processor is located on the vehicle.
Preferably indicators are located on the vehicle tool.
Preferably the indicators located on the vehicle tool comprise targets for the tracking means.
Preferably the tracking means comprises a laser and transmitter.
The model zone may comprise a model terrain.
Preferably the model zone comprises reference indicators for establishing a frame of reference for the model zone and vehicle tool.
Preferably three locations on the tool are indicated by separate indicators.
Preferably the data processor is connected to a receiver.
Preferably the tracking means is located in a position where it is always visible to one indicator of the vehicle.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a system for monitoring movement of a blade of a bulldozer;
FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a system for monitoring movement of a blade of a bulldozer;
FIG. 3 shows a driver display of a bulldozer blade in a mine rehabilitation model;
FIG. 4 shows a schematic of a co-ordinate system for the blade shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 5 shows a representation of an image of a dynamic surface model of a terrain;
FIG. 6 shows a representation of an image of an altered surface of a topographical model;
FIG. 7 shows a representation of an image of a dynamically updated topographical model;
FIG. 8 shows a driver display of a path for a blade of a bulldozer in a mine rehabilitation model according to a second embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 9 shows a schematic diagram of the tracking station remote management station and bulldozer system of the present invention; and
FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of the present invention wherein a ripper tine replaces the working tool.
A preferred embodiment of the invention will now be described for a bulldozer which is used to rehabilitate an open cut mine site. In such an application surveying techniques are used to develop a digital terrain model which can be visualised on an electronic display in the cabin of the bulldozer. A new tracking system is utilised so that the driver of the bulldozer can observe an image of the blade of the bulldozer in real time with reference to the terrain model appearing on the display screen.
According to the first embodiment a computer is located somewhere on the bulldozer and the display screen is located in the bulldozer cabin. A tracking theodolite with associated power supply is located at a point in the mine where there is always a clear line of sight to a bulldozer performing a bulldozing operation.
A target is located at points on the bulldozer blade and a flux gate compass (electronic compass) is located on the bulldozer. Two tilt meters are located on the bulldozer blade and electronic hardware is utilised to convert the signals received from the compass and tilt meters to a digital RS232 signal.
A radio modem is then provided in the bulldozer and at the theodolite.
The tracking theodolite uses servo motors to follow a moving target and it is preferred that tracking is performed on vehicles in the range of between 50 and 500 meters. Typically in tracking mode the system calculates the position of a vehicle every 0.6 seconds.
The tracking theodolite is aimed at targets which respectively reflect back signals for processing and transmission to the computer. The targets can therefore be mirrors or prisms.
The flux gate compass is an electronic compass that determines north by reading the voltage generated by a magnetic flux in relation to the earths magnetic flux. Analogue signals are produced by she compass and timed digital signals produced by the tilt gauges are combined by conversion electronics into a combined positional message that is transmitted to the computer via appropriate cabling. The conversion electronics also converts the position of the edges of the blade to x, y, z co-ordinates relative to the target. As shown in FIG. 1 this requires two tilt meters 11 and 12 and one compass bearing 13.
A schematic diagram of one version of the overall system is shown in FIG. 9.
The system incorporates a tracking station 100, a remote management station 101 and a bulldozer system 102. The tracking station consists of a tracking theodolite 103 for supplying an x, y, z co-ordinate to the main commuter processor, a digital radio 104 and a power supply 105.
The remote management station incorporates a digital radio 106 connected to a computer 107 which is operated by design software 108 and procedural software 109. Input survey data and design data 110 is used to formulate the design software.
The bulldozer system 102 consists of an onboard computer processor 111 with microprocessing software 112, design software 113 and procedural software 114. The computer processor 111 is connected to a microprocessor 115 consisting a multiplex single chip computer which receives data from x, y, z sensors 116, 117, 118 and relays digital data to the main computer 111. In this embodiment the x and y axis are measured by a tilt meter and the z axis by an electronic flush gate compass.
A digital radio 119 communicates with the onboard computer processor 111 and the digital radios 104 and 106 of the tracking station and remote management station respectively. The computer processor 111 utilises 3D viewing software of a shaded prospective image of a surface model with blade and blade shadow as represented by block 120 and this image is displayed on a screen 121.
A system power supply 122 provides the power needs of the sensors 116, 117, 118, the microprocessor 115, the digital radio 119, the onboard computer processor 111 and is connected to 24 volts bulldozer batteries.
In operation the computer processor sends signals to the microprocessor 115 to read data from sensors 116, 117, 118. The microprocessor 115 then sends information back to the computer processor 111 with relevant data.
The computer processor 111 then sends signals to the tracking theodolite via digital radios 119 and 104 to read co-ordinates of prisms 124 located on the bulldozer. This reflective prism is an array of six prisms in a circle so that at least any one prism is visible to the tracking theodolite at any time. The co-ordinates of the prisms are relayed back to the computer and the commuter processor calculates the blade points from data received from the tracking theodolite 103 and microprocessor 115. The processor 111 then combines the blade points on the terrain model from the 3D viewing software. The distance between the blade points and the surface of the terrain model is then calculated and projected downward to the surface model where the shadow is formed in accordance with the description provided hereinafter. A keyboard 125 is used to operate the computer processor 111.
In operation a bulldozer with a blade 14 moves over terrain (not shown). The tracking theodolite 15 is levelled typically at a high point of the job site and its laser is switched on. A frame of reference is effectively established by the theodolite dependent only upon where this happens to be pointing when it is switched on for example along line 16. This effectively becomes the x-axis for the theodolite's co-ordinate system.
With the x-axis established a co-ordinate system can be set up with the y-axis in the horizontal plane and the z-axis vertical and orthogonal to the horizontal plane formed by the x and y axes. The theodolite references itself in space at co-ordinate 00,00,00 and measures distance and angles from this reference point which can be converted into x, y and z co-ordinates at the measured point. This co-ordinate system is completely independent of any other co-ordinate system or global reference system.
The position of the reflector 17 shown as point A in FIG. 4 is measured by the theodolite and radioed to the computer in the cabin of the bulldozer. During setup a second reflector conveniently attached to the end of a pole is held at some position B away from A such as on the corner of the bulldozer blade and the co-ordinates of this point are read into the theodolite and transmitted to the computer. The process is repeated at another point C at the other end of the blade. The theodolite has thus recorded the x, y and z positions of three points of a triangle and the computer processes these points to establish a plane A, B, C defined with respect to the theodolites origin and co-ordinate system. It should be noted that a plane could be generated and defied in software from point A only by taking a reading from some other source such as the compass on board the bulldozer.
A second co-ordinate system can be defined with the origin of co-ordinates at point A and then the x-axis perpendicular to the plane the y-axis horizontal and the z-axis orthogonal to the other two. Such a co-ordinate system can be chosen to describe the system but it is irrelevant if this is the logic used. What is important is that the system can now convert the co-ordinates relevant to the theodolites axis system to the axis system associated with the plane A, B, C.
With the tilt meters 11, 12 and the compass 13 calibrated any rotation about one of the axes will also rotate the plane A, B, C along the same axis.
As the bulldozer moves the theodolite using the reflector 17 on the pole 18 tracks point A and using a radio link continually transmits to the computer the range and bearing of A referenced to the theodolite's position and orientation. The changes in orientation of the blade are sensed by transducers and continually transmitted to the computer. These rotations, with processing, can be assigned to the plane ABC establishing the orientation of the co-ordinate system at A. The position of the four (six or seven) points defining the blade profile remain fixed in this co-ordinate system. The computer can then be operated to establish the location and size of the blade using standard mathematical techniques.
During the set up process data is radioed from the theodolite to the computer on board the bulldozer so that the computer holds this co-ordinate data. The blade profile is established by moving a reflector (which the theodolite is tracking) to prominent points on its periphery and logging these points into the computer via the radio link. Software then constructs lines between these points to create a profile drawing of the blade. Previously logged points B and C, if on the blade, may be used in this process. The computer is then operated to calculate the position of the blade with respect to at point A and draws the blade flat on the computer screen. The images thus viewed on the screen bear no relationship with any external topography at this stage.
By surveying the mine site a topographical model can be devised and loaded into the computer. The model preferably contains two or more points that can be identified both on the computer model and in the field (for example by surveyors pegs). Reflectors are placed at these pegs and the co-ordinate data to them from the theodolite is logged and transmitted to the commuter. The position in real space from the surveyors data is entered into the computer. The computer now contains the real position of these points and their relative position as measured by the theodolite and can thus calculate the true position of the theodolite. A check on the relative positions of these reference points can now be made as the surveyors data can be checked against the theodolite data. At this point all previous data that was relative to the theodolites axis system is converted and reference to a true global axis system. Thus the reference triangular frame shown in FIG. 4 can be referenced to a true global axis system.
As shown in FIG. 3 a terrain model 20 can be represented on the computer screen. Likewise the position of the bulldozer blade 21 can be positioned in real space in relation to the level of the terrain of model 20. Because the position of the bulldozer blade and the level of the terrain model at the blade are both known the computer can be programmed to calculate the distance between the two vertically. As a result a shadow 22 of the blade on the terrain model can be imaged on the computer screen. The computer screen thus shows an accurate representation of the distance of the blade 21 above the top surface of the terrain 22. The closer the bottom of the blade to the shadow 22 the closer the blade is to the top surface of the terrain 20.
In the previous embodiment of the invention discussed in relation to FIG. 1 a tracking theodolite system was described. According to another embodiment of the invention as shown in FIG. 2 the tracking theodolite system could be replaced by a satellite navigation system which incorporates satellites 23, 24 and 25 and normally a base station at the work site (not shown) to track a beacon 26 located on top of a pole 27. The computer can then track the location of the blade using the satellite navigation system.
According to one embodiment combinations of GPS/laser/inertial systems can be used.
If it is assumed that the bulldozer has not moved the images shown in FIG. 3 represent stored set up data in the computer. When the bulldozer moves the on board computer is continually radioed the new position of a point A relative to its own co-ordinate system and the on board transducers continually update the computer with the new tilt and direction data. The origin of the blade co-ordinate system (in the example plane A, B, C) as tracked by the theodolite moves in space. Point A is recorded by the theodolite and radioed to the computer. Point B and C are re-calculated from relativity changes to the set up data and therefore re-establishes the blades local co-ordinate system at point A. From this plane the chanced positions of points on the blade are re-calculated in true space and the image and position of the blade and the shadow on the terrain model is drawn.
In summary therefore the theodolite which has its own co-ordinate system with its origin set at 00,00,00measure point A as it moves in space. The origin of co-ordinates and axis system defined at set-up by plane ABC is calculated by the computer to be moving identically. The surveyed reference pegs which are identified in true space in the computer terrain model and in space relevant to the theodolite by the theodolite are used to locate the position of the theodolite in true space. All theodolite relative readings can then be converted to true readings from a point accurately identified in space. The plane A, B, C at set up establishes through software a co-ordinate system with its origin and axis correctly identified in space. Movement of the bulldozer moves this plane and hence the origin of co-ordinates of the blades co-ordinate system. The orientation of the set-up plane (the coordinate axis system at the pole reflector) remains fixed in space, as A moves and the new position of the co-ordinate system at A is re-calculated from data from the compass and tilt meters 11, 12, 13. This re-defines the plane A, B, C in space and hence through software points on the blade to draw the blade and shadow on the terrain model.
The true co-ordinates of point A are used to position the blade image correctly on the terrain model. Changes in compass readings are used to rotate the perspective view of the terrain model with respect to the blade image in phase with the change of view as seen by the operator through the front screen of the bulldozer. The change in the readings of the tilt meters are used to calculate the blades position with respect to point A (the origin of co-ordinates cf the blades axis system).
The formation of a terrain model of a work surface can be created by various means. Such as by surveying data points on the ground to a co-ordinate system that can be processed with readily available computer software programs to show a surface or 3-D model of the surveyed points on a computer screen. Another means of creating the terrain model is to take the surveyed data points and modify these points in various software programs to create a new surface.
As shown in FIG. 3 the terrain model is basically a surface formed from joining the points. The points which represent the blade are superimposed onto the display surface as the blade is also a series of points in the same co-ordinate system. The points of the blade can be compared with the points of the surface and from this comparison the computer can calculate the location of a blade shadow. This can then be displayed on the computer screen. Thus the intersection of vertical lines from the bottom of the blade and the surface model establishes points on the model. A line constructed through these points maps the shadow on the terrain model (the display surface).
The image of the blade on the screen is controlled by software to give it realistic proportions and position to the real blade and the forward panorama as viewed by the bulldozer operator.
In the embodiment described above with reference to FIG. 3, the shadow 22 is created from the bottom edge of the blade of the bulldozer. It is within the scope of this invention however to create a shadow for other edges of the bulldozer blade or whatever work tool is used in its place. As an example where a bulldozer blade is working at an angle, it may be preferable to project both the bottom and side edges of the blade onto a terrain model, thus giving a better picture of the actual location of the blade with respect to the model. Therefore according to one variation of the invention a full shadow of the whole working tool could be obtained, for example by using different coloured shadows for different edges of the working tool.
According to another embodiment of the invention, the work surface can be compared to a design surface and differences in height and colour coded to indicate the amount of cut or fill between the two surfaces. A neutral colour could be chosen for when the work surface matches the design surface and graduating extremes of colour could be used to indicate the depth or non-conformity for the non-matching surfaces. Management or the machine operator can then view the terrain model, see the areas where the work is completed and see the areas where earth movement is still required. The graduating colour system would allow management to view areas that have been undercut and by how much.
According to another aspect of the present invention the system allows the terrain model to be created dynamically and displayed on the computer screen or transmitted to external data loggers or computers.
Thus by comparing the surface points on the surface model beneath or above the blade points the processor can modify the surface points based on a combination of information from the blade points and software programs in the processor which would trigger or start the modification of the surface. Thus if the blade was lowered to cut below the level of the terrain surface, the computer having received the information on the co-ordinates of the blade would start to log the blade points path and software in the processor would start lowering the surface as the blade points pass. The software in the processor would also calculate the volume between the first surface and the new surface. This volume will also be part of a further change to the new surface as it is now a volume that must end up on top of the first surface or be carried away from the surface altogether. Thus as shown in FIG. 5 the blade 30 having moved along the path 31 would have created a recess 32 in the surface 33. Details of the characteristics (viscosity, density, angle of repose) of material which is removed from the surface 33 to form the recess 32 enables the computer to calculate the final shape of the recess 32 and allow the computer to be programmed to predict how this material will stack on top of the surface 33.
An accurate image of the changes to the surface 33 can be represented as shown in FIG. 5 on the computer screen.
If the material from the recess 32 is placed on the surface to form a pile 34 as shown in FIG. 6 the computer using information on the material can calculate the shape of the volume of the soil that is placed on top of the surface and hence establish a new surface which can be imaged on the computer screen in a similar fashion as shown in FIG. 6.
Whenever the blade 30 cuts below the surface 33 the lower surface of the blade 20 intersects the shadow 35. The bulldozer driver sees this on the computer screen and realises what effect this is having on the terrain model due to the continual updating of the terrain model by the computer.
It should be noted that no pre-defined surface is needed to create a surface image on the computer screen.
Thus as shown in FIG. 7, as the blade points are logged into a co-ordinate system as a set of intervals and a surface is created from joining these points the model can be dynamically updated from the previous surface or logged on the pass of a particular path of the blade points to create a new terrain model.
According to another embodiment the bulldozer is replaced by a ripper tyne as the working tool. Thus as shown in FIG. 10 the terrain model 202 is provided and the ripper tyne 200 produces a shadow 201 which conforms to the surface of the terrain model 202.
In the embodiments described above it is preferable that data is only logged when the work tool is on the surface. Thus it would not be necessary to log data when a bulldozer blade is backing with the blade held above the ground. Thus in most cases when the bulldozer is working it would only be necessary to log data when the bulldozer is moving forward. This can be achieved with two GPS units logging movement as one would be on the front end of the machine and one on the back. With the tracking theodolite however there is no such mechanism. This can be achieved with transducers. For example acceleration data integrated over time. Alternatively a sensor can be attached to the machine control to sense direction or the operator can be provided with a switch when it is desired to record data.
If a GPS system is adopted, besides the GPS receivers mounted on the mobile machine, a stationary ground based GPS receiver may sometimes be used in what is called differential GPS to improve accuracy.
According to one embodiment of the invention a ground penetrating radar his located on the bulldozer and sends radar pulses into the surface beneath the machine or blade. The data received back shows the density differences in the materials as it passes through. The computer receives information from the radar on the differences in the materials in the soil and thus the change in densities between the different materials can be identified. The change in density can be processed to give a surface between two different density materials.
Thus, by placing a radar on board the machine, surfaces beneath the machine can be logged referencing the blade's or machines co-ordinate's. This information can be used to give dynamically updated and hence more accurate representations of the topography of the underground terrain model.
According to another aspect of the present invention, information on the path a bulldozer should take can be displayed on the computer screen. As shown in FIG. 8 arrows 40 can indicate the direction in which the blade should move. In other words a how-to-do or procedure can be incorporated into the displays of both the static surface and the dynamic surface as required. Thus the computer would be programmed using software designed to work out the most cost effective path to transport volumes of material to achieve a desired surface. As the surface which is to be the final surface will be different from the actual surface these programs show the path a bulldozer should follow in transporting particular volumes of material. Each arrow 40 shown in FIG. 8 would represent a path to follow. The start of the arrow would indicate where the volume is to be transported from and the end of the arrow would show where the volume is to be transported to.
Using an optimisation algorithm two terrain models can be compared such as the starting or actual surface model and the finished or desired surface model. The difference in volumes between the two models is divided into cut and fill as appropriate. These volumes can be sub-divided into blocks of any pre-determined size and identified in the models. The computer is then operated using the algorithms to determine which block in the cut volume should go to which space in the fill volume within the constraints. If it is desired to minimise the total accumulative distance travelled of all the blocks an arrow can be assigned to a block the end of which indicates the cut block to be moved and the arrow head the destination. Because the location of the blade can be continually monitored the terrain model can be continually updated and the computer can be operated using optimisation algorithms to produce new path indicators in the form of arrows 40 as work progresses. According to another embodiment the progression of arrows can be provided in a hierarchal structure so that the driver of the bulldozer knows which path should be taken first. In such an instance the computer is continually processing information on the movement of the blade calculating its distance from the surface below it, processing information on the path of the blade to provide an updated version of the terrain model and using information input on the optimum path the blade should take to produce directional indicators on the computer screen.
Because the computer is operating using a co-ordinate system to determine the location of the blade, the shadow and model terrain the image of the arrows will also be generated in the same co-ordinate system and can be converted and displayed in the co-ordinate system used with the surface points and blade points placing the arrow overlay onto the surface.
The data displayed may also be transmitted to a control station for analysis. Data may also be transmitted from the control station to the bulldozer.
The above embodiments have been described in relation to a mining site using bulldozers to move mined material. The present invention is equally applicable to systems involving reclamation of spoil piles, ripping and stripping of thin partings and seams, ripping of cap rock, paving, airport run-way construction, dynamic surveying, removal of overburden, general road works, laying of communication cables, port construction and volume calculations. As such any number of ground engaging tools or machines can be employed in the above system. These for example include blades, ripper tynes, bucket wheels, face shovels, excavators, draglines, wheel loaders, etc.
The work tool need not be a cutting tool. For example the work tool could be the paint spray nozzle on a road marking machine.
According to the preferred embodiment the image of the tool remains in the centre of the computer screen as the earth moving machine travels through the computer model. This gives the operator a realistic view of the terrain model.
It is possible to have the computer in a place other than the bulldozer and to transmit a video image to a receiver on the bulldozer. A suitable displaying device can then be inserted in the cabin of the bulldozer.
As previous described the tracking theodolite can be replaced by a GPS receiver or a combination of GPS and laser methods. For example, GPS can be used to identify horizontal position and lasers to identify vertical height. If two GPS receivers are positioned on the dozer they can replace the compass 13. Any position measuring device such as a GPS unit can be used to log the co-ordinate points on the blade to establish the blade profile and its local co-ordinate system.
The above embodiment can be modified to increase the number of indicators on the ground excavating tool. By adding more transducers or new sensors or other indicators more accurate information on the precise location of the tool in space can be relayed to the computer. Thus for a backhoe arm, because there are more moving components, more indicators would be required to identify the location of these components.
If the above system is applied to other machinery such as an excavator, on the excavator the tracking reflector or GPS units cannot be attached to the digging tool. There will be a number of mechanical elements linking the digging tool to the base unit carrying the reflector or GPS. Transducers are required to measure the movements of these links. This data and the lengths between hinge points on the links will be needed by the software to calculate the position of the tool in space. The lengths of these links can be measured and logged in the software using the same methods described to draw the blade in the bulldozer application.
According to another embodiment of the present invention the images displayed on the commuter screen are represented in numerical or analogue form. Alternatively bar graphs or graphical images can be employed.
According to a further embodiment a number of vehicle tools can be monitored on the display of one vehicle.
According to another embodiment a number of tools on one vehicle can be monitored by being displayed on the screen. Thus a bulldozer switching between a ripper tyne and a blade can monitor the operation of both by observing their images on the screen. When one of the tools is being operated the other tool can have its image removed from the screen.
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|System, method, and article of manufacture for determining a productivity rate of a manufacturing system
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
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|3 Mar 1998
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|11 May 2011
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|22 Jan 2014
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Michael Jackson- You Rock My World 2001 Original Promotional Poster Rare Mint
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MICHAEL JACKSON- 'YOU ROCK MY WORLD' SINGLE RELEASE POSTER 2001.ORIGINAL 'SONY' RECORD COMPANY PROMOTIONAL ITEM. Featuring a close up of Michael's eye from the cover of 'Invincible' Originally, these special display posters were only made available to record company promotions staff and reps, for record store displays only. Used for a few weeks before being ripped down to make way for the next promotion, and with only a limited print run, makes these posters very scarce and desirable. A rare UNUSED original collectors item. Condition: Excellent+/ Nr Mint. Unused, undamaged, barely any handling. Superb quality. Size: 51cm x 76cm (20in x 30in) This is a genuine promotional item, NOT A COPY OR REPRINT. Photo is of actual item. It will be sent in strong cardboard tube with extra protection inside. ************************************************************* U.K. BIDDERS NOTE : FROM APRIL 2nd 2013 NEW INCREASED ROYAL MAIL PARCEL RATES APPLY One poster sent in a tube over 45cm in length, will now go second class post ( to keep the price down) at £4.90. However, you can have up to 6 posters sent in one tube for one price- £5.60 ( first class). If you want 7-12 posters, they can be sent in two tubes bound together for £10.00 ( first class recorded). ... read more

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Broken scaphoid bone
Patient : Hi, i broke my scaphoid bone bake on may 7th and had a cast till after August long weekend. it was still hurting and i went and got another ex-ray in September and the doctor said it was still cracked but didn't do or say anything else to me to fix it, it is now October 10th and im in a lot of pain and tired of it, i have a feeling i should go get a second opinion from another doctor but don't want to go in for no reason! do you have any advice before i go in?
Symptoms: Swelling and sharp pain
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This shop has been compensated by Collective Bias, INC. and The Coca-Cola Company, all opinions are mine alone. #ServeWithACoke #CollectiveBias One of the things I really miss since I started working again is the free time I had with my family. As a stay at home mom I enjoyed the time I had with my family. We were able to bond more. Now that I am working again I appreciate that time even more. Especially at dinner time. We get to really :: Keep Reading ::
My Blogalicious Weekend
This week I checked one more thing off my bucket list and my vision board. I attended my first blogging conference. The name of the conference is called Blogalicious. I have been hearing for years that this is one of the greatest conferences to attend. After hearing so much about it I knew I wanted to go. :: Keep Reading ::
10 Ways To Enjoy The Holidays At World Of Coca Cola
The holidays are here! That means your weekends will be spent shopping a majority of the time. Other times you will be looking for fun activities to do with your family. The World of Coca Cola has a great list of things to do that not only allows you to spend time with your family but share some of that fun with love ones that are far away. :: Keep Reading ::
Pay It Forward With Your Vote
This post is sponsored by Coca-Cola. All opinions expressed are my own. The time has come for the winner of the Coca-Cola Pay It Forward Academy contest to be chosen. Coke wants your help to do that. With your vote a deserving teen can go to the Pay It Forward Academy hosted by Steve Harvey. You get to choose between 30 Coca-Cola Pay It Forward Finalists. You can find out more about the finalists by checking out their videos. The winner of :: Keep Reading ::
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This year, my oldest child Nishe' entered her first year of high school. I think this was scarier for me than it was for her. High school brings a bunch of new thoughts and worries to the forefront. One of those worries is college. The countdown to college has officially begun. We have to begin to answer some questions that we as a family haven't had to think about until now. One of the most important issues is keeping Nishe' on track :: Keep Reading ::


text: Human Rights Observatory Bangladesh - First arrests of bloggers after creation of anti-blasphemy committee Reporters without borders The Dhaka police Detective Branch last night arrested three bloggers – Subrata Adhikari Shuvo, Mashiur Rahman Biplob and Rasel Parvez – for alleged posting "inflammatory" comments online on sensitive religious issues. Reporters Without Borders calls on the authorities to release them at once and to stop persecuting news providers. The three bloggers are the first to be arrested since the creation of a government committee to combat online blasphemy on 13 March. "The desire to restore calm does (...)Read complete article© Reporters without borders - Tuesday, April 2nd 2013


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Emotional Intelligence on the Job hosted by BDPA and NWCT
BDPA Philadelphia
Tuesday, April 15, 2014 from 6:00 PM to 8:00 PM (EDT)
Who's Going
San Francisco, California
London, United Kingdom
Florence, Italy
Event Details
BDPA and NWCT Philadelphia Chapters
Emotional Intelligence on the Job
An employee with high emotional intelligence can manage his or her own impulses, communicate with others effectively, manage change well, solve problems, and use humor to build rapport in tense situations. These employees also have empathy, remain optimistic even in the face of adversity, and are gifted at educating and persuading in a sales situation and resolving customer complaints in a customer service role. This "clarity" in thinking and "composure" in stressful and chaotic situations is what separates top performers from weak performers in the workplace.
During this event, we will discuss the following:
Why do certain employees get into accidents more often than others? Why do they violate company ethics and policies? Why do they ignore the rules of the organization? Why do they use illegal drugs while on the job? Why do some people cause conflict while others are so gifted at resolving it? Why do they put self-interest ahead of the organizational values? Why do some salespeople build large books of new business with ease while others struggle to do so even though they seem to be putting forth the required effort?
Discussion will be lead by:
Following on her MA in applied psychology, Pamela counseled underserved students at the City University of NY. She then attended four years of art school, and combined her skills to found a successful business in New York City. After twelve years of 15 percent growth in annual revenues and international success, Pamela sold her business. She then attended a post-graduate program in Organization Development and Consultation and became a senior-level organization development consultant at a global consulting firm.
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WWIII, civil war, martial law,
In Part One of this series, I identified the top 5 false flag possibilities that the Deep State has as an option to bring down America. The Deep State is a wounded animal. The Independent media has been relentless in its exposure of the serial criminality of many of its members. They are going to lash out. The result will likely be a civil war or World War III, or both. Are you prepared? Only a fool has stopped prepping. Some of my advertisers are excellent sources for prepping, which is I why I chose them to advertise. Some of the 17 things, I do not have a professional relationship with the providers of the service or product and you will have to seek them out.
It may be necessary to become invisible in the event you think you believe that your name could be on a (Red) list because roundups will usually occur in dire situations. Therefore, the creation of a pseudo-identity could become very important.
I have committed much effort, time and resources illustrating how a coming economic collapse is unavoidable and how the elite have conspired to steal as many of your assets as possible prior to the collapse. There are some common sense things one can do which could increase the chances of surviving a major societal meltdown resulting from an economic collapse. If you have any doubts as to what is coming, I strongly encourage you to read what I have written about on this topic over the past several months. Ray Charles could see that our economy will not be around much longer in its present form. Your can read these stories here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here, here and here.
If you have read the articles at the above links, you should have concluded that it is the height of stupidity to leave your life savings in an institution that is planning to steal from you. You need to divert your cash, other than the ability to pay basic bills, in preparation for what is coming.
Getting your money out of the bank has become an art form and you need to be careful. In a future article, I will be revealing steps you can take in order secure your money from the institutions that are presently holding you hostage. I cannot promise you that you will be able to retrieve all of your assets. However, I can promise you that if you do not act, you will lose everything and you will lack needed supplies to weather what is coming.
I would strongly suggest that you keep your gas tank filled and you have plenty of cash, food and ammunition on hand. It is better to be safe than sorry.
Buy a good prepper book. Holly Deyo is an excellent source for this information (www.standdeyo.com). In the interim, procure your food, water, guns, ammo and home security adjustments. If you do not have a big dog, consider obtaining a pair. These animals will be your companion, home security system and ally if someone attempts to breach your home with bad intent. Of course, you will have to store dog food as well.
Sit down and construct a list of what you will make a complete list after reading a good prepper book.
Make all of your purchases in cash! You do not want to let the wrong people know what you are up to.
James Wesley Rawles says that to be safer, you must be 200 miles away from a major urban area. We have to live our lives for today and it may not be possible to move to a rural area because of your job. However, one survivalist that I was speaking with estimates that the rate of survival for a country in economic chaos would be 10 times higher for rural residents as opposed to urban residents. Consider buying a place in an isolated area and commuting to work in the interim.
After any crisis passes, you do not want to carry over debt that will likely be out of proportional value in a post collapse society. If you have a CD, a 401k or any other long-term investment, you might want to consider taking the penalty and executing a withdrawal and apply what's left of the principal, usually about 50% of the original value, and paying down your major debts.The key word here is "consider". Because nobody can accurately predict the time frames of these kinds of events, one has to judiciously decide for themselves what is the best course of action.
After an economic collapse, you most likely will not have a job and your retirement and savings will likely be wiped out and confiscated. That is why it would be wise to pay down your debt while you can afford to do so because after the collapse, there will still be foreclosures and repossessions and if you and your family survive, you could be on the street if you cannot pay your bills.
Goldman Sachs has been shorting gold. By his actions, George Soros has been telling you to get out of the markets, cash and the American banks. Soros and the rest of the criminal elite have been hording gold as have the BRICS. These entities are telling you, by action, what medium of exchange is going to be of value following the collapse that is coming.
Storing gold and silver is an economic survival strategy which will pay dividends after the smoke begins to clear in the post-collapse era.
It is critical to immediately eliminate all unnecessary expenses. Give yourself some operating capital. You may be able to purchase a bug-out residence in a rural area. You will certainly be able to afford more survival gear.
In order to increase your immediate cash flow, start an at-home business. Start a business which has virtually no upfront and startup costs. Even if you are not able to generate much income, you will create a legal tax evasion strategy in which you can legally deduct many of your present activities and expenses (e.g. mileage, the purchase of any office supply, etc.) including survival gear.
With regard to storing food, you need to do so immediately. I recommend storing two years worth of food. However, you need to master the art of growing food inside your home. There are plenty of resources which can teach you how to do that. However, you would be wise if you would create a hiding place in which you can store food and water safely in a hidden location. If you are ever robbed, you will not have exhausted your food supplies. You are most likely to be robbed by FEMA or one of their mercenary groups (e.g. Academia) during the beginning of the crisis because food and water will be used as weapons to control you. I am personally aware of FEMA going to selected homeowners in order to track a family's reserve food and water supplies. Remember, water is sunlight and temperature sensitive. There are plenty of prepper manuals that you can consult for instructions on how to meet these needs.
The biggest threat to survival is death due to dehydration and starving to death. Contaminated water will also pose a threat. There are plenty of places to purchase large drums and obtain water tablets for water purification purposes. Obtain a pair of water filters in case you have to go mobile to survive.
Finally, learn to grow your own food within your residence. Your garden will likely be raided by humans and hungry animals alike. There are plenty of prepper manuals which can teach you how to accomplish this task.
Use the coupon code "HODGESNOV5"
Of course you will need toothpaste, toiletries, eating utensils, etc. For a complete list of personal items see Steve Quayle's list on his website.
If you or your family has a chronic health condition, it is critical that you have 6 months to a year in medicine. Also, you should research natural alternatives to treatment for health conditions in case you are not able to meet this goal due to the inability to obtain prescriptions. Don't forget to obtain some pain medication and antibiotics in case of unforeseen emergencies. Make a trip to Mexico and sneak across medication in old pill bottles in order to escape detection by the Border Patrol who will ask you if you obtained medication in Mexico when you come back across the border.
If you can safely ration your existing medication doses, do so and store the excesses. Make sure you also have a first aid kit. Take a First Aid class including CPR at your local fire station. Do not forget your hygiene supplies.
Some are thinking that this is a lot of work. My response would be, how bad do you want you and your family to survive?
Dr. Broer has helped hundreds of thousands of people. There is something for everybody at Healthmasters.com. Take 5% off the cost of your order with coupon code HODGES5.
Regardless of your moral convictions, ask yourself if you want your family to survive.
Buy your guns off the books from private parties and at gun shows.
"Keep guns for show and guns for go". In other words, have a safe location that you can bury guns so that when gun confiscation begins, you will not be left totally defenseless.
America needs to not only create safe and secure homes, but to create as many Warsaw ghettos as possible (look it up). We need to make ourselves a hard country to conquer and occupy.
We cannot stop a treasonous leader from handing off the country to some foreign entity (e.g. the UN). However, occupation of America should be problematic for the blue-helmet wearing Russians, Chinese and other proxy forces training on our soil to occupy us.
It is recommended that you have 3 types of weapons: (1) pistols for close in fighting; (2) shotguns for defense of the entrance to your home; and, (3) a rifle with a scope in order to fight back against long-range snipers that do not want to storm your home because you appear to be prepared. Immediately, obtain weapons instruction for you and your family, firearms training and then practice! Conduct mock raids on your residence so that you can see your vulnerabilities. An armed populace makes a people more feared by an abusive government. If I had not gun training at all, I would opt for a shotgun with regard to home defense.
Do not forget about gas masks for each member of your family and make sure to store extras. If you have the means to obtain body armor, do so now, because Congress is preparing to outlaw the private use of body armor.
If your family is located in a fixed location, the challenges of defending your property go up exponentially at night because you cannot see
where the threat is coming from. Night vision equipment is not cheap, but your family is literally defenseless without it after the sun goes down.
It is possible that you can learn to survive in the raw elements without heating and central air conditioning. You may not have lights. Obtain flashlights, many batteries and a hand crank radio. Make sure you have clothes befitting all weather that you may encounter because a crisis that begins in January, may not be over by August.
Take a weekend and pretend the grid is down. This will allow you to see firsthand what supplies you will need. When should you perform this drill? There is no time like the present. Also, take a camping weekend where you simulate having to "bug out".
To people with generators, congratulations on your foresight. However, if you are the only house on the block with lights, how long do you think it will be until you have unwanted visitors with bad intent?
Don't forget about procuring non-electronic forms of entertainment. This should include board games and educational materials for your children. You will want to establish some normalcy for the sake of your children. You are preparing to adopt a new way of life. Make the new life worth living.
I would also recommend that every personal library contain The Constitution of the United States. After the chaos subsides, we will need to rebuild. You will not want to live in a "might makes right" society.
If you are on the run, you may have to travel up to 20 miles per day. Get in shape, begin to walk, jog or run. The better shape you are in, the better.
Take self-defense classes. Many of these classes are offered free of charge at churches and community centers.
Practice shooting on a regular basis. If you can afford it, take gun safety and shooting lessons.
If your four adjacent neighbors broach the topic of preparedness, gauge the situation and then make an informed decision. If your neighbors are on board with preparing, that will help you form a defensive perimeter and a mutual alliance pact. Otherwise, tell nobody of your preparation plans. Do not tell your friends, family members, and co-workers. Make your preparations in cash or cashier's checks as much as possible. Limit the paper trail to you. You do not want the government to know that you are prepared because you could be the first one on your block that is visited at 3AM. You and your mate should prepare in stealth. Kids talk and so do their friends.
Once you have your allies established, begin to trade and barter because the existing system may not be available for much longer.
Never offer what you are doing to prepare or how far along you are with your preparations. However, you will need allies because you cannot guard your property 24/7/365. So, how do you recruit neighbors to become your allies without telling them what you are up to? Simple, with each neighbor that is convinced and understands what is at stake, you should feign ignorance and act as if you and your neighbor are learning prepping together. Teach your awake neighbor how to prepare. You will need allies to help protect your family and resources and it is not likely that you can do this alone.
Survival is never guaranteed, salvation is! And do not forget one of your most important resources, your Bible.
The conclusion is simple, if you want to increase your chances for survival, now is the time to act.
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Grace Larson, We Exalt Thee! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NjrQBDnjUB0
-I rose in bed this particular morning, these amazing lyrics playing in my head, we exalt thee, a beautiful worship I wasn't that familiar with. It took me a moment but gradually I begin to see, to realize this beyond, well, those following this ministry know these thirty-one springs, I've given many testaments regarding especially the resurrection, there's the rehearsal, even a trial run, as the heavens constantly make it's preparations, and here lately laying all else side, I witness the Bride now reigning in heaven, having in her possession, what you won't believe, the stone cut out without hands, meaning Jesus' millennium was being made ready, now after all I've saw, not having the time.
-Here now indescribably it was a roll call, remember every morning the class, once filled, the teacher would pull out a list, and one by one call it's name and place check marks by those present or not. As I said this was a roll call in heaven, God's throne this celebration, the Lamb's book of life, just as John himself testified Rev. 20, was open and a roll call was being made from it's ancient pages, this indescribable for now fascination. I saw that when this book was open, each specialty members were summoned, in a way miraculous, said I. D. of those marked their hands, forward the name of God, once identified would rise from this ancient scroll, it's treasured records up, far above our heads of the multitude present and float away into heavenly spaces.
-Beware, woe, woe, woe, for whosoever name wasn't found written in the Lamb's book of life were cast into a lake which burns with fire, this apostle of resurrection would guess this is the ultimate proof, God is not mocked, whatever the human being's blood did sow. ultimately here would test it's blood harvest. Herein everyone reading here, even listening, don't just go to church Easter day, go to an altar, and when you do,' don't just stand there while pastor call off a name of the sick and the dying.
-We, all of us until Christ's Cross anoints our heart's blood, we are, even our father's seed and mother's womb, make no mistake, we are the sick and the dying. As well meaning the woman with the issue of blood, finding only Jesus this answer represent every human being on the planet, yet too, must be born again, got him, got Jesus yet? That you be aware, that you be born again, that you know an apostle of Jesus Christ is among you, as to pluck Amber's from burning, awake, Apb, see more here, http://www.cancelelections2016.blogspot.com and here http://www.layasiege2016.blogspot.com and here, http://www.thelightofbeowulf2017.blogspot.com
This has to be some of the worst advice you could get. Does anyone believe getting a fake ID is going to save them? And how many people have the money to pay off their mortgage – most couldn't pay off their credit cards so this is pure nonsense.
People if things get as bad as many predict, all the preparation in the world is not going to matter. The masses will not be prepared and once they soon run out of food and water you can bet they will soon be heading your way to take whatever you have and they will also be armed and coming in numbers.
Best advice for those with the resources is get out of the US and do it now. Everything else is just going to delay the inevitable so stop reading and listening to these idiots who are telling you to spend money you don't have or need for other purposes.
I like No.#17 the best. Yes, prepare yourself to PREY!!
For I do not see anything here about KILLING THE ENEMY!! The people that brought this trouble on you in the first place. Why not have PURPOSE in life??
Buy Gold and Silver
Sorry, browser crashed before I could finish what I was going to write (see next post)
When this crash comes, I wouldn't buy your gold and silver for 10 times as much.
Let me ask you, what can I buy with gold and silver when this economy crashes?
first aid
….and all the other stuff you guys know about by now!
Buy Gold and Silver? Pay off your mortgage? Hogwash!!
first, it would help to research about how people and businesses survived during the Great Depression. A few people and businesses at that time knew what was about to happen and put away a few dollars to survive the depression and ultimately thrived afterwards while their competitors went out of business. But I believe that this crash will be like no other in history.
If there were a collapse of society, stocks, bonds, gold, silver, money and other useless material assets would be, well, useless. My dad asked us kids "what would you rather have $10,000 GMC stock (GMC was his favorite vehicles since he owned a produce company and a restaurant in Chicago during the 1950s and 1960s) or a $10,000 commercial coffee maker?" He taught us kids to buy the coffee maker because if things go bad everyone needs their coffee – even during the depression. One cannot control the price of paper assets (stocks and bond, etc), but one can control hard assets like real estate and coffee makers.
Learn a trade: agriculture especially using heirloom seeds (including food preparation and preservation), husbandry (including skinning and butchering, see note below, and maybe training guard dogs), welding, carpentry, masonry, plumbing, electrical, mechanical, seamstress, cooking / baking, security. Also, learn to barter so when the economy collapses you'll have something useful to trade. Or better still create a bartering co-op. And best of all, keep your spiritual faith strong, you'll need it.
Note: many, if not most, people have an aversion to killing and slaughtering an animal for food. If you could acquire this skill, you'll be well known in your neighborhood with plenty of jobs. You may also want to think about raising rabbits (or teaching others to raise rabbits for meat), they taste like chicken – and they are easy to breed and raise even in an apartment. Do an internet search for "raising rabbits for meat." Storing up beans and cornbread is ideal for the short term. Read the internet article "Feed a family of 4 for 1 year, for less than $300."
Also, learn how to make slumgullion stew, mmm mmm good.
I'll sell you a number 10 can of white rice for 100 oz. of your gold. I got plenty of rice.
EraserHead !!!
Glad to see you around. I thought you packed up and left.
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August 8, 2007
The Wall Street Journal editorial-page editors are correct in saying that Wisconsin's universal health care plan is "openly hostile to market incentives that contain costs," and that the state can "expect to attract health-care free-riders while losing productive workers who leave for less-taxing climes" says news correspondent John Stossel.
- The Wisconsin plan would cost an estimated $15.2 billion, or $3 billion more than the state currently collects in all income, sales and corporate income taxes.
- Further, the $15 billion is based on the usual Pollyannaish assumptions such as millions in savings "from putting more emphasis on primary care."
As usual, most of the new taxes will be imposed on employers, says Stossel:
- Liberals believe money taken from them doesn't cost anything; rich corporations will simply waste less on lavish perks and excess profits.
- But taxes on business are often paid by workers, stockholders and consumers.
- Consequently, businesses that can't pass the taxes on to someone else will close or move out of state.
America needs "Healthy Wisconsin" because the fall of the Soviet Union deprived us of the biggest example of how well socialism works, says Stossel. We need laboratories of failure to demonstrate what socialism is like. All we have now is Cuba, Venezuela, North Korea, the U.S. Post Office, and state motor-vehicle departments. It's not enough. Wisconsin can show the other 49 states what "universal" coverage is like.
Source: John Stossel, "Let Wisconsin Experiment with Socialized Medicine," Townhall.com, August 8, 2007.
Browse more articles on Health Issues


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Saturday, May 21st
Join Patricia Martin, PhD, co-author of The Other Couch: Discovering Women's Wisdom in Therapy, as she discusses this book which "explores the lives of 36 spirited women who struggle and overcome their challenges with courage, resilience, and commitment." Dr. Martin will also discuss the benefits of holistic lifestyle and will lead a Q & A segment. Copies of her book will be available for purchase.
Sue Harrington, Nurse Practitioner from Emerald Physicians, will present an overview of women's health services offered at Emerald.
A representative from Centerville Yoga Wellness and Yoga Center will discuss their programs and benefits of yoga.
For more info, see www.centervillelibrary.org or call 508-790-6220. This event will be held in the Coyle Community Room on the lower level of the library.


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The impact of the economic downturn and policy changes on health inequalities in London. UCL Institute of Health Equity www.instituteofhealthequity.org. Commissioned by the London Health Inequalities Network.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
UCL Institute of Health Equity
Commissioned by the London Health Inequalities Network. health inequalities in London
"To assist local authorities in London to identify and mitigate negative impacts of the economic downturn and welfare reforms on health inequalities and the social determinants of health to 2016, particularly employment, income and housing impacts, by providing the following:
Literature review on the likely impacts.
Some recommendations regarding what local authorities could do to minimise any negative effects.
A set of indicators that local authorities should use to monitor the impact of the changes – in development."
London has large inequalities in mortality and health health inequalities in London
Action to reduce health inequalities needs to focus on the social determinants of health
Evidence from previous economic downturns suggests that population health will be affected:
More suicides and attempted suicides; possibly more homicides and domestic violence
Fewer road traffic fatalities
An increase in mental health problems, including depression and possibly lower levels of wellbeing
Worse infectious disease outcomes such as TB + HIV
Negative longer-term mortality effects
Health inequalities are likely to widen
Households unable to afford current accommodation will need to find an alternative solution, e.g.
London has high numbers of some groups more 'at risk' of impacts of welfare reforms:
Young people
Minority ethnic and immigrant population
Lone parents households.
Population growth will put additional pressure on housing and other local resources.
Institute website: to find an alternative solution, www.instituteofhealthequity.orgFull report:http://www.instituteofhealthequity.org/Content/FileManager/pdf/london-full-rep-medium-res.pdf


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I will be providing photographic information and tips from the courses I have taken. I will be assuming that you are either in Aperture mode, shutter mode or manual mode, not AUTO.
I am @jennycampbell66 on Instagram
Here too is another image I took a couple of days ago. I wanted to focus on just a small part of the spent dandelion, so I used my macro lens and used an f stop of 2.8. I think it worked out okay.


text: This complete lab audio program contains 6 CDs and is coordinated with the Lab Manual section of the Student Activities Manual. This program includes pronunciation practice, listening comprehension activities based on structures and vocabulary presented in Fuentes: Conversación y gram'tica and a final semi-scripted conversation dealing with the chapter theme. This recorded material is also included in the Quia Online Student Activities Manual and on the Premium Website.


text: So the FCC recently released an Android App called FCC Test. It's a mobile broadband testing application to judge the internet speeds people are receiving on their phones. It's going to help them determine what the country has for mobile internet access. You can find the app through the marketplace, just search for "FCC" and it'll show up. I was curious if my speeds were up to par to other users. Please list the following: Speed in kbps (changed under Settings) What you're running on your Sprint Hero, ie, Stock, Rooted with what ROM, etc. Only include your cell's internet connection, not WiFi. For instance, mine is: 444kbps Download 282kbps Upload (225kbps on a past test) 268ms Latency I'm in Portland Oregon and my server was in Seattle Washington (not sure how relevant that information is, but I'll include it) and I'm on 3G. Running DamageControl 1.0 2.1 build. I'm really curious to see if stock users are getting faster speeds, since this seems a little slow to me.


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PH0021 Astronomy Lecture 19 (The Sun) 021203v7 The Sun, in all its glory!. Prof Rick Gaitskell Department of Physics Brown University See course pages for source http://gaitskell.brown.edu. Sun Data. The Sun - Photosphere. Size Scale Composition Compare terrestrial planets
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Prof Rick Gaitskell
Department of PhysicsBrown University
See course pages for source
Typical grain ~1000 km (hires solar images)
[DEMO Silicon Oil & Al flakes]
Like solar flares, they occur whenever there's a rapid, large-scale change in the sun's magnetic field. Solar flares and CMEs often occur together, but not necessarily because the flare triggers the CME or vice versa. One can happen without the other and frequently during solar maximum we see CMEs without an associated flare
36 daysDifferential Rotation of Sun
See http://science.msfc.nasa.gov/ssl/pad/solar/quests.htm for dynamo discussion and figs


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August 9, 2:00 - 6:00 p.m.
Lyndon House Arts Center
293 Hoyt Street, Athens, GA
The Athens Maker Fest brings together artists, crafters, software and hardware developers, tinkerers, and other creative people to teach and demonstrate helping others advance or begin their own creative projects.
About 40 different kinds of makers such woodcarvers, felt makers, metalsmiths, and even the teen Lego Club from Athens Public Library will demonstrate. There will be three interactive technology based exhibitions available for participants to explore and enjoy, as well as someone demonstrating 3D printing and other technology based endeavors.
Erica Parsons, who heads up Hatch Athens, a partner in Maker Fest, defines makers as everyone. "The maker movement is based on this idea that everyone is a maker and we can advance ourselves, our society, and our happiness by nurturing that creativity and providing environments where creatives of all types can come together, educate one another in any area that one has interest, collaborate in ways that were not possible before, and in turn make life changing innovations."
Hatch Athens is an organization of artists, software and hardware developers, creatives, tinkerers, thinkers, and doers that strive to educate, collaborate, and innovate.
Maker Fest Recap Video
Click on the button to view the video in full screen mode.


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Robbin Eggs,unfinished Maple Wood ,easteregg Woodworking Craft Supplies 375pcs
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Robbin Eggs,unfinished Maple Wood ,easteregg Woodworking Craft Supplies 375pcs:
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Red Baron Pizza has reset their coupon for their single serve pizzas on Coupons.com. This deal is linked below, and it is for $1 off two items. The deal is valid at your local store.
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Whilst the previous Zune software was something like a Windows Media Player experiment turned Frankenstein, the new Zune software is something worthy of exploring.
Whether or not you agree with Tim Gideon from PC Magazine, "Microsoft's answer to iTunes….is quite attractive and makes iTunes seem like a big, boring spreadsheet", you must admit it is probably the only worthy contender to-date.
Whilst there's a lot to like beyond just the looks - although I still reckon there needs to be more borders/separators - there's an interesting bit of magic behind how the Zune software is designed and displayed.
The whole application, top-to-bottom and inside-out, is powered by a Microsoft framework no one has ever heard of before. It has several names, simply "UIX" or the "Microsoft Iris UI Framework".
How do I know this? The most obvious clues are the framework library files in your Zune directory. They are UIX.dll, UIXrender.dll and UIXsup.dll - Microsoft Iris UI Framework, Rendering engine and UIX Debugging Support respectively. On the same note, the product name of all of these files is "Microsoft Zune-MediaCenter Platform" which helps a little later.
Looking a little deeper, all of the presentation markup files are actually embedded in a resource file called ZuneShellResources.dll (also the same file the images are in). In here we find each component of the UI defined in a separate .UIX file. There are literally hundreds of these. For example there is a "AboutDialog.UIX", "Button.UIX", "GalleryView.UIX" and "Tooltip.UIX".
The UIX markup language is distinctively XML-based. Here is a snippet from "AboutDialog.UIX".