text:
April 14, 2014 –
As we said before, getting to NAU should be easy.
That's why our degrees let
you transfer more credits from your community college.
How about transferring 90 credits?
Meet our 90/30 degree programs. Maximize your
transfer credits and earn your bachelor's degree from an accredited university.
So, What Are The
90/30 Degree Programs?
Earn up to 90 credits at your local college. Complete your
final 30 credits at NAU. Graduate with your bachelor's degree from Northern
Arizona University.
That's it.
Your final 30 credits at NAU focus on your chosen field of
Wait, I Can Transfer
ANY 90 Credits?
Well, there are a few exceptions.
The 90 credits you earn at your community college must meet
NAU's Liberal Arts, Diversity and Communication Skills requirements. College classes
that don't meet these requirements can't be applied towards the 90/30 degree
program. University requirements are listed on every degree page.
Pre-college level courses—classes with a course number
beginning in 0—also can't be applied towards the degree.
Work with your advisor early so that you can make the
most of your transfer credits at NAU.
Why Can I Do This?
Most of the 90/30 degree programs are interdisciplinary
studies degrees. That means you can tailor your education to one or several
career fields of interest.
Pretty neat, huh?
See for yourself why an NAU graduate loved the 90/30 degree
Are Other Arizona
Universities Doing This?
Nope. Other public universities in Arizona have a transfer
limit of 64 credits.
Why transfer 64 credits when you can transfer up to 90 credits at
Work with your NAU advisor to see if the 90/30 degree
program is right for you. Get started here.


text:
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Posted In: HOME

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Cisco Appoints Naresh Wadhwa to Lead India and SAARC Operations
Bangalore, India – September 12, 2007 - Cisco® has appointed Mr. Naresh Wadhwa as President and Country Manager of its India and SAARC region (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). He will report directly to Mr. Owen Chan, Cisco's President, Asia Pacific Operations.
About Cisco
Press Contact(s)


text:
OCD 7 th PERIOD. LITERARY RHETORICAL DEVICES. ANTIMETABOLE. Repetition of words in reverse order Ex: When the going gets tough, the tough get going. Ex: Eat to live, but do not live to eat. ANTITHESIS. A contrast between two words or phrases.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.


text:
I've been trying to in stall this program
Ingen - wiki.drobilla.net
and I've followed all the instructions on this page up to ./configure.
IngenInstallation - wiki.drobilla.net
The problem I'm having when I run the configure script is that I get this message at the end of the output.
Requested 'liblo >= 0.25' but version of liblo is 0.24
Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you
installed software in a non-standard prefix.
Alternatively, you may set the environment variables LIBLO_CFLAGS
and LIBLO_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.
I searched around for liblo 0.25 but it doesn't appear to exist, all I can find is liblo 0.24! Am I just not looking hard enough? Did I do something wrong here? Or is the program just broken?


text:
In the four years I've been writing here at Fat and Not Afraid, I've had a lot to say about a lot of different things. From speaking freely and openly about my abortion, to LGBTQI and women's rights, frankly discussing the changes my body has been through before, during and after two pregancies and my feelings about those changes, parenting choices and practises, four moves over two of those years, and all the obesity and fat related news I could stomach (no pun intended), I've always knew this day would come. If I'm honest with myself and with you, I've run out of stuff to say.
There's only so many times I can rehash the same bullroar obesity panic related news story or press release full of garbage science, pull my hair out and mentally flip my computer over after reading about another parent or school or doctor putting a six year old on a diet, and while I'm plugging away at gathering sources and research and thoughts about the supposed childhood obesity epidemic for my book, I feel like I've mentally and emotionally hit a wall. Instead of not writing anymore, however, I've decided to instead expand what I write about.
Fat and Not Afraid is undergoing a metamorphosis; the next few weeks the site is going to be under construction while I reorganize and branch out into a few new pages. The plan so far is to add pages or sections to the site, with the main page being more of a landing area that leads to posts of various kinds in their right spots; family/parenting, wellbeing/fitness, fat and body acceptance, and geekery. Also, I'm going to be looking into selling ad space-I need income and the fish aren't biting my resume right now so a girl's got to do what a girl's got to do. You may notice more sponsored posts as well, but all will be fully marked because I Blog With Integrity, and nothing will be weight-loss related. (I get a lot of that right now that I turn down.)
After everything I've read and researched and written in the last four years, what I posted the very first day I was here still holds truth for me: "You can be fat and healthy. You are fine the way you are. You don't owe anyone anything when it comes to how you look. Your body is yours to take care of, or not, as you wish." It was empowering. It was a revelation in the truest sense. It has changed my life, it has changed ME and I have absolutely no desire to go back to my former self..." While I go through this transition, adding topics that are near and dear to my heart and moving things around, I send my thanks and appreciation to each and every one of you who has stuck with me for this long and keeps coming back week after week. If I didn't know you were out there I would've stopped a long time ago. Thanks, and stay tuned!


text:
Celine Dion has canceled her multiple performances after announcing the shocking death of her Husband Rene Angelil. Rene Angelil died of throat cancer after battling two decades of intense fight with throat cancer. Rene Died in his home at Las Vegas aging 73.
Rene Angelil has mentored and throughout managed Celine's career since the very beginning of her journey as a bona fide singer. The singers spokesperson posted on her website "The family requests that their privacy be respected at the moment; more details will be provided at a later time."
Few Months back Celine opened her heart regarding the denigrating health issue of her husband in an interview "We have asked many times, how long does he have, three weeks, three months? René wants to know, "But they say they don't know. I am scared of losing him, because its bad, But I have to show myself, my husband and my kids that I'm strong and we're okay."
Rene Angelil was born in Montreal. He started his career with the Canadian pop rock group named "The Baronets" in the 1960.The group was receiving a moderate number of hits in the 60's. However the group finally broke off and Rene shifted his concentration on managing. He gained immense success on his attempt as a music manager.
Rene Discovered Celine Dion when she was just a talented teenager. Celine submitted demo tape of a song that she and her mother have jointly written. Rene immediately indentified the emerging talent in her. Rene took several risks in his endeavor of promoting and guiding Celine's Career. Even he mortgaged his home to pay for her first album. Celine's "La Voix Du Bon Dieu" album was as solo effort of Rene Angelil.
The Clark County Office announced that Angélil passed away suffering throat cancer at his home in Henderson. He was intensely taken care of by a physician in his last few days. The county office also informed that the in-depth medical description of the cause of the disease is revealed as "squamous carcinoma of the floor of the mouth." It was reported that the cause of Rene's death was natural .No further investigation will be done on this issue.
Rene Angelil is survived by three children from his marriage with Celine Dion. René-Charles, 14, and 5-year-old twins Nelson andEddy. Rene Angelil also has his adult children from a former relationship, Anne-Marie, Patrickand Jean-Pierre.


text:
Clicking on a player's name will take you to the Hockey DB site.
Tim Findlay played two seasons in Arkansas for Jim Burton
and the Glacier Cats. He split 2000-2001 between Port Huron of the UHL and
Louisville of the AHL, registering 3 goals and 11 assists in 27 games at the
higher level. He played for Flint last year, and recently married Jen
Ryan Pawluk played on season in Arkansas, then
struggled the following year in the ECHL. Partially reunited with Findlay in
2000-2001, he was a point-per-game player for the Border Cats. He now helps
to run a landscaping business in the Windsor area.
Rob Hartnell left the Moccasins when Brian Curran returned to Monroe in
the fall of 1999, this time as head coach. Rob has since played for Idaho of
the WCHL but continued to be bothered by the injury he suffered at the 1999
All-Star game. Now married and a full-time Boise resident, he works for one
of Utah Jazz owner Larry Miller's Subaru dealers.
After taking San Angelo to the 1998-99 President's Cup finals, Chad Erickson played two more seasons for Tulsa of the CHL. Ironically,
he lost his Oilers gig to former Stampede and future Ice Bats goalie Matt
Barnes. He has since returned to Warroad.
Chris Morque got the last laugh, winning the President's Cup with the
El Paso Buzzards. He was then traded to Odessa, where he played two season
before retiring.
Jeff Kungle spent the '98-99 season playing in Germany. He returned to
the Ice Bats the following year, reclaiming the "C" for two more seasons.
When he's not working for a living and being a father, he's the team's
part-time assistant coach.
Todd Harris was left unprotected in the 1998 WPHL expansion draft and
chose to retire. He is now a firefighter in Victoria, B.C.
Joe Van Volsen was left unprotected in the expansion draft and
subsequently played three season for the Tupelo T-Rex, who grabbed him
before Burton did. He is now in his second season with the Fort Worth
Richard Uniacke became Jim Burton's first pick in Arkansas. The center
opted to play overseas, then joined the Glacier Cats for the 1999-2000
season, scoring 69 points in 70 games. A subsequent stint in the Central
Hockey League fizzled out.
Christian Soucy reunited with Jim Burton on the 1999-2000 Arkansas
team, then played two seasons for ex-El Paso coach Todd Brost on the UHL
Elmira Jackals.
After leaving Austin, Brian Fairfield played just two games in the QJMHL. He never returned to the professional level.
Darrin MacKay once again reentered the workforce in Calgary, though he
spent the first part of 1999-2000 playing in Amsterdam with Van Volsen.
Keith Moran spent the summer of 1998 in Europe and has since worked
for Fidelity Investments and current employer AT&T just like he planned
it all along.
Jeremy Thompson played a couple of more seasons in the ECHL and UHL,
then worked as a linesman in those leagues. He and his wife, Jennifer, had a
daughter, Faith, in May 2001. She wasn't born in Texas, but she wasn't born
in Canada either.
Troy Binnie's Oakville, Ontario business Touchwood Home Improvements has
evolved from a decking company (because its owner was always busy in the
winter) to a full-service renovations and construction firm. Binnie remains
involved in hockey as a youth coach.
The on-again, off-again career of Ken Ruddick remains just that. He was with the Bats for training camp 2001 but didn't make the team; the same thing happened with Orlando of the
ACHL this season.
Mike Jackson returned to Austin for the 1998-99 season,
then retired because of a longering shoulder injury. He has filed a medical
malpractice suit against the the Bats' previous ownership and doctor.
Chris Haskett never bounced back from the trade to Waco. He played
three games for Macon of the CHL in 1998-99, then returned to Canada for
Dean Mando went on to become a pretty good player in the ECHL, though
injuries limited him to just five games in 2000-01. He is apparently
Jim Mullin was on the roster of four different AHL and ECHL teams
during 1998-99. He is now retired.
Keith O'Brien "OB" has worn four five different numbers
for five different Ice Bats teams. He skated in 51 games from 1998-2002. His
former employer, PC Order, went out of business. He now works for a company
called Meeting Maker.
Kyle Haviland left Austin for Topeka of the CHL, serving as the team's
player/assistant coach for a season-plus before losing his roster spot to
another veteran player. He then skated for Lake Charles, and has managed a
hockey shop in that city. Bobby Wallwork remains one of his best friends.
Andy Ross returned to Austin for the next two seasons, but by the time
the team's fortunes changed, he was no longer capable of top-line play. He
finished his career with the Corpus Christi Ice Rays, chipping in four goals
in seven playoff games after managing just five for the Bat and Rays
combined in the regular season. Ross then went to work in the warehouse of
Dell Computer, but took a buyout, and has since moved back to Philadelphia.
Brett Seguin joined Haviland in Topeka for two seasons before returning
to the Bat Cave. He is Austin's all-time leader in goals, assists and points
(passing Ross in all those categories) and remains on of the best players in
the CHL.
Ryan Anderson was the only player in the history of the WPHL to play
all five season with a single team. He stole one more year in Austin before
the veteran's rule finally took away his job; he's currently with Orlando of
the ACHL.
Corey Fletcher, Bruce Shoebottom, Derek Riley and Rob Schriner and Steve Jones retired.
Jay Hutton is a policeman in Ontario.
Curtis Fry returned to Austria.
Jason Rose has played in Phoenix, Idaho, Muskego, El
Paso (again) and Elmira (since '98-99), and is apparently retired.
Kevin Hansen does not appear in "Zamboni Rodeo," but he was a
late-season addition to the team, as a rookie defenseman out of Windsor.
Hansen continued his hockey career at the university level, briefly reunited
with Jim Burton in the ECHL and is now a prosperous Odessa Jackalope,
playing forward.
Rick Girhiny hung up his skates in the spring of 2000. His number 7 was
recently retired by the Odessa Jackalopes.
Paul Lawless suited up for another 40 minutes as an Ice Bats player in
1998-99. He is now an executive and briefly, the interim head coach for
the Cincinnati Cyclones, which moved from the IHL to ECHL in 2001.
Jim Burtonspent the first half of the 2000-01 season out of work whne
the WPHL expansion team in Tucson, AZ went out of business before it ever
played a game. He then became head coach of the ECHL Augusta Lynx, but was recently kicked upstairs to GM. Before that happened, he called on an old friend and got the Lynx an affiliation with Wayne Gretzky's Phoenix Coyotoes.


text:
|The disability planning and policy division officials interviewed in Yokohama City Office.
(photo: http://headlines.yahoo.co.jp/
March 7, 2014
Yokohama City gave the press conference on March 7 about Samuragochi Mamoru (佐村河内守), 50, a fake Deaf composer who had another person make a musical piece. He currently lives in Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa Prefecture.
The city officials explained that since the auditory diagnosis that Samuragochi had for reexamination showed a result of "not auditory difficulties," and that he returned the disability card to the city on February 28.
The city officials also stated that the medical-expenses subsidy of about 243,000 yen was paid to Samuragochi as a severely handicapped person in three years.
However, they said that they would not require him to return the subsidy because it was impossible to investigate the time when he became Deaf.
The Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare considers reexamination of the method to issue the disability card from the lesson of Samuragochi Mamoru's case.
The Ministry plans to set up an investigative committee of the specialists who are Deaf/deaf by the end of March, aiming to discuss the method of disability recognition, whether the term of validity of the disability card is made, etc.
Japanese sources:
English related links:
Japan's 'deaf composer' may not be the artist he claims


text:
Cultural Appropriation Native American Edition
STORY BY Emily Kirkpatrick
Published: September 4, 2013
A number of big name fast fashion companies have come under fire in recent years for producing products that utilize racially insensitive Native American stereotypes.
As The Guardian pointed out in an article a few weeks ago, despite the 565 historically, culturally and linguistically distinct tribes of Native Americans recognized in the United States, their culture as a whole tends to be broken down into the most simplistic, offensively inaccurate, terms. In other words, a culture based around headdresses, face paint, rain dances and fringe.
In 2012, Urban Outfitters produces an entire range of clothing and accessories termed the "Navajo" range, despite zero involvement from the Navajo community. The collection utilized a fake Native American tribal print, which covered everything from hip flasks to underwear. In a cease and desist letter from the Navajo Nation, they pointed out their specific objection to these two objects as they are in direct conflict with their spiritual beliefs about modesty and their reservation-wide ban on alcohol. Not to mention, marketing inauthentic products using specific Native American tribal names is explicitly outlawed under the Indian Arts and Crafts Act, although that seems to have stopped absolutely no one in the fashion industry. Urban Outfitters agreed to remove the word Navajo from their collection, however, they continued to sell the offensive products in question both in stores and online. In fact, they refused to apologize despite being sued by the Navajo Nation and have failed to participate in the court-ordered mediation, which will result in a court case scheduled for 2015. This kind of rampant cultural insensitivity seems to be common corporate practice at the Urban Outfitters headquarters, considering over the years they have also been accused of racist and offensive designs by representatives of the Jewish, Irish, Latino, Black and Chinese communities.
In September 2012, Paul Frank caused similar offense when it threw a party with a "neon Native American pow-wow" theme. Thousands of photographs were posted online documenting party-goers with glow-in-the-dark face paint and feathered headbands, wielding bow and arrow and tomahawk party favors, and drinking themed cocktails such as the "rain dance refresher." The party was also held in celebration of the launch of a line of t-shirts that used a fake Native American tribal print along with images of the Paul Frank monkey mascot in feathered headdress.
Unlike Urban Outfitters, Paul Frank Industries took a very different tact and immediately issued an apology and removed all Native American inspired designs and artwork from their website and stores. The company invited Adrienne Keene of Native Appropriations and Jessica Metcalfe of Beyond Buckskin to lead an industry panel aimed at educating manufacturers about the use of Native American imagery in fashion. Paul Frank also sought out authentic Native American artists to collaborate with on a respectful and authentic line of products. The president of Paul Frank Industries, Elie Dekel, described the collaboration as not only a ways for their company to make amends, but also "help raise awareness about cultural misappropriations, which unfortunately happen too often in product, promotion and fashion."
The Paul Frank companies efforts, although transparently an attempt to pay dues for their own misdeeds, seems genuine and is at least more than most companies are willing to do in the face of charges of racial insensitivity. The appropriation and abuse of culture is a problem that every minority group faces equally and until major corporations are held accountable for their insensitive, wildly politically incorrect behavior, fashion will continue its exploitive, destructive behavior in favor of making a quick buck.
Have a topic you want covered? Let us know.


text:
The new production facility will focus on manufacturing, fabrication, packaging and quality control of high-temperature self-regulating heating cables, low-temperature self-regulating heating cables, series constant watt cables, mineral insulated heating circuits, power and splice boxes, mechanical thermostats, electronic control modules, heat tracing kits and accessories, control panels and power distribution boards.
Alexey Ratushniy, General Director of
Through its global network,
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
The information in this press release includes forward-looking statements that are based on current expectations, estimates, forecasts and projections about our future performance, our business, our beliefs and our management's assumptions. Statements that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements, including forward-looking information concerning production capacity and growth estimates. These forward-looking statements are made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995.
These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and involve risks, assumptions and uncertainties, known or unknown to
(512) 396-5801
News Provided by Acquire Media


text:
Matrix Op. High Speed Light Weight Airsoft Mock Silencer / Barrel Extension - 30 X 110mm (DELTA FORCE) - Tan
2 Customer Reviews
by Jessica C. on 01/07/2017
"looks amazing, definitely worth the money
by Kyle L. on 12/24/2014
"This is a great silencer, it is all metal and it makes u look like a BA Delta Force Operative!!!!!!


text:
Description:This Indian slut is always horny, looking for another man to fuck and today she is willing to do anything to please her new friends. If you love threesomes then you need to watch this awesome Fame Digital sex clip.
Category:+18 only (Adult)
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text:
Absolute Car Care
Review for Absolute Car Care
David R. on 03/08/2014
"great service at a great price."
Mike explained what had to be done before the work began and why it had to be done. As usual, the work was excellent. The service was courteous and efficient.
Vehicle: Subaru Outback
Service Date: 03/06/2014
Review Created: 03/08/2014 08:56 PM


text:
GraphicRiver Summer Beach Party 7908959
Photoshop \ Print Template \ Flyers \ Events \ Clubs & Parties
Search \ Dafont \ Summer \ Attached \ Pacifico \ BigNoodleTitling \ Ostrich
Print Template - Summer Beach Party 7908959 by Creativeartx2 @ GraphicRiver
Photoshop \ Print Template \ Flyers \ Events \ Clubs & Parties
Summer Beach Party flyer template
Fully layered 1 PSD
2 Main Text option
Fully editable
4×6(.25" bleed)
CMYK Print Ready
Free fonts link attached
Please rate it!
Last Update: ; Layered: Yes; Graphics Files Included: Photoshop PSD; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS; Print Dimensions: 4x6.
Vintage Design Elements; 12 Seamless Papers; Vintage Backgrounds; BBQ Summer Party; July 4th; 4th July; 10 Halftone Textures.
Keywords: beach, beach party, break, club, college, day, easter, event, flyer, garden, holiday, lounge, modern, new, night, outside, park, parties, party, poster, season, summer, summer party, swimming pool, water.


text:
By : PlayItOnTheWeb.com
0 users
0 votes
Old school classic nintendo game play different olympic sports hurdles fencing and more.
igoogleportal.com is not affiliated with or operated by Google.
Information is provided 'as is' and solely for informational purposes, not for trading purposes or advice.
Most of the content in this portal was developed by users. We makes no representations about its performance, quality, or content.


text:
- V-neckline
- Pullover style; no closures
- Sleeveless
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- Lined
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- Polyester; lining: polyester
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No questions asked return or exchange*: items may be returned or exchanged for a full refund in the original form of payment or a Vogily Credit within 14 days after shipping. Your satisfaction is our biggest prize, so we do everything to ensure that you are happy with your purchase. All products are 100% authentic, procured from brands directly and are backed by our purchase protection with 10 times money back guarantee. *Please refer to the detailed return policy on the site for exceptions
Ships and delivers within 4 Days


text:
MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] Under the unique direction of Tanuj Chopra, this film with audio in English (original language) was premiered in 2014. The movie with dialogues written by Tanuj Chopra, was produced in USA. You can watch Teacher in a Box online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2014.
Rating: 5 by 10 users./
Runtime: 15 minutes
Rebecca Hazlewood, Lynn Chen, Emayatzy Corinealdi, Reza Sixo Safai, Sarika Sanyal, Hanalei Emnace, Saif Schexnaydre and Tori Fritz.
Short film, Drama, Family.
15-minute film (full movie) directed by Tanuj Chopra.
The original audio of Teacher in a Box has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in USA.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2014.
Screenplay written by Tanuj Chopra.
Jeffrey Kim.
Maria F. Leon and Sohini Sengupta.
This film was produced and / or financed by Chops Films.
Composed by Gingger Shankar.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Teacher in a Box has a duration of 15 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Teacher in a Box in FULLTV Movies.


text: Hello As I've been looking at the advice on here for 6 months or more, I thought it was about time I registered. I'm on my second Audi and third VAG (previously had A6 and still have '84 VW Golf GTI) which is a 2006 S3, bought the car as 6 month old demo and since put about 40,000 on it (including a good number of track day miles). Car is currently standard, but has virtually all the toys. This is now about to change as warrenty is nearly up. So I shall be using the advice and knowledge on here to help with my planned engine and brake mods. cheers Paul


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 5, 1990
|Filing date
|Jun 14, 1989
|Priority date
|Jun 14, 1989
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Leland L. Liu, Michael T. Heffelfinger, Donald G. Whyman
|Original Assignee
|Mobil Oil Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Referenced by (60), Classifications (39), Legal Events (7)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention relates to tamper-evident multilayer plastic packaging films and to a tamper-evident package seal made therefrom using an adhesive cold seal.
In the past, in the packaging of certain types of food, for example, candy bars, which require packaging sealed with a cold adhesive, a sealed package is capable of being opened and subsequently put back together without evidence of tampering. The present invention remedies this problem. A tamper-evident packaging film and seal such as that of the present invention can not be resealed once the seal has been opened.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,429,015 to Sheptak discloses a multiply laminate for identification cards. Attempts to delaminate the card results in fibers being torn from a uniaxially oriented polyethylene or polypropylene layer of the laminate.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,121,003 to Williams discloses switch-proof labels using a laminate having a pattern printed on the label inner surface and a coating of pressure sensitive adhesive film on the inner surface. Attempts to transfer the label result in disruption of the printed pattern.
Neither the Williams nor Sheptak laminate is suitable for food packaging.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,632,869, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein, discloses an opaque, biaxially oriented polymeric film structure with a thermoplastic polymer matrix core layer possessing a stratum of voids a substantial number of which contain at least one spherical void-initiating solid particle of polybutylene terephthalate, and a void-free thermoplastic skin layer on at least one surface thereof.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,377,616, the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein, discloses a lustrous, opaque biaxially oriented polymer laminate film structure comprising a thermoplastic polymer matrix core layer possessing numerous voids, a substantial number of which contain at least one void-initiating article, and transparent skin layers adhering to the surfaces of the core layer. The skin layers are of a thickness to cover surface irregularities inherent in a cavitated core layer. The structure of the core layer imparts a much higher degree of opacity than that imparted by the use of opacifying pigment alone, due to the effects of light scattering.
These opaque biaxially oriented polymer laminate structures have been used to provide films with low water vapor and gas transmission rate and pleasing appearance.
A plastic film having all these desirable characteristics and also having a tamper-evident property is much desired.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a tamper-evident packaging seal utilizing a film structure which provides a tamper-evident property to a package seal.
This tamper-evident packaging film can be sealed with heat or cold seals. Opening of the seal will result in irreversible tearing of the film so that the package cannot be resealed without evidence of tampering.
A tamper-evident film is provided which consists of three layers: a core layer (a) and two layers (b) and (c) on the lower and upper surfaces of layer (a) respectively. The core layer (a) can be fabricated from a polymer material of clear polypropylene, polyethylene or ethylene copolymerized with alpha olefins or blends thereof. The core layer (a) optionally may be an opaque layer which has a stratum of voids therein which may provide other desirable film properties. The skin layer (b) is fabricated from a mixture of a polyolefin and a filler which induces cavitation upon orientation. Skin layer (c) can be either identical or different from the layer (b). If different from layer (b), layer (c) can be fabricated from a member of the group consisting of hydrocarbon homopolymers, copolymers or blends thereof.
The tamper-evident film may be used to provide a tamper-evident packaging seal which includes at least one tamper-evident film. In forming a package seal, the tamper-evident film may be bound to either an identical or a different film with an adhesive, heat sealant, or heat seal. The adhesive, heat sealant, or heat seals have a seal internal cohesion and an affinity for bonded surfaces greater than the internal cohesive force of the tamper-evident film so that if a force is applied to separate the films, rupture is initiated by the cavitated skin, and tamper evidence occurs.
As a result of the present invention, a tamper-evident packaging seal is provided utilizing a tamper-evident packaging film with excellent barrier properties, a pleasing appearance, and a unique tamper-evident property which adds substantially to the security of the product packaged within it.
For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, reference is made to the following description, and its scope will be pointed out in the appended claims.
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section of the tamper-evident film of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is also a schematic cross section of a composite of a tamper-evident package seal in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a package formed from a single sheet of tamper-evident film prepared in accordance with the present invention.
According to FIG. 1, there can be seen a tamper-evident packaging film which can be prepared in accordance with the present invention such that a tamper-evident seal can be provided which is effective against undetected opening of the seal and which can be produced on a mass production scale and converted for end use quite readily for use, for example, in food packaging and other consumer products. In particular, FIG. 1 shows in cross section a three-layer extruded film which includes core layer (a), and skin layers (b) and (c). Furthermore, an adhesive material 2 has been shown on skin layer (b), which in one preferred embodiment, is a cold seal adhesive which can be used to package food products which will suffer in the presence of heat required to bond a heat seal packaging film.
In order to provide the present invention, the overall structure of the film shown in FIG. 1 is provided with a weakened layer (b) such that upon exertion of a force in a direction which tends to rupture the seal, the integrity of the weakened layer will be disrupted.
Referring to FIG. 2, the structure of the present tamper-evident seal is shown schematically with 2 films of the present invention sealed together, layer (b) to layer (b). A force (f) is represented in vector format to show how a force might conceivably be applied to the structure. In particular, the composite tamper-evident seal is shown with the film being adhered to itself in an assembly such as that shown in FIG. 3. In such an assembly, the film will be joined together by the adhesive 2 which will, upon contact with itself, form a continuum between the outer layers (b) of the tamper-evident film. Accordingly, the adhesive layer 2 is shown as a single continuum in FIG. 2.
FIG. 3 illustrates a package according to the present invention. The package may be formed from a single sheet of the film of the present invention with layer (b) on the inner surface. The film may be joined to itself with a fin seal 4. The sides of the package 5 may be sealed with a crimp and a cold seal adhesive (not shown). Depending on the product to be packaged, seals at 4 and 5 may also be heat seals. If the package is opened in the areas of the seals, the packaging film will delaminate so that the package cannot be resealed without evidence of tampering.
In accordance with the present invention, the strength of the adhesive layer 2 as well as the adhesive to surface adhesion strength between the adhesive layer 2 and the surface of film layer (b) is stronger than the internal cohesive force of layer (b). Thus, when a separating force (f) is applied to the tamper-evident seal, the integrity of the composite tamper-evident seal is destroyed by separation of layer (b). As a result of destruction in this manner, the seal is incapable of being resealed thus showing evidence of tampering.
For the packaging film used in the tamper-evident seal, the various materials are selected so that they possess interacting relative affinities (adhesion and/or cohesion). Relative affinities to be considered are the internal cohesion of the bonded polymer films and both the internal cohesion of the adhesive, heat sealant or heat seal and their affinities for the film surfaces which are bonded together, at least one of which film surfaces is comprised of layer (b). The cohesive strength of the adhesive, heat sealant or heat seal is greater than the internal cohesion of the layer (b). In addition, the adhesive, heat sealant, or heat seal possess an affinity for the surface of film layer (b) which is greater than the internal cohesive force of layer (b), so that when two film surfaces are sealed together and an attempt is made to separate the two surfaces, the adhesive layer, heat sealant or heat seal remains internally cohesive and adherent to the layer (b) surface and layer (b) will tear while the adhesive remains in place. Ideally, part or all of the skin layer (b) remains adherent to the adhesive or heat sealant.
The presence of layer (b) on the adjacent inside surfaces of two adhesively adhered opposing films which comprise a package seal prevents the package from being readily and undetectably resealed after being opened.
In packaging technology, a packaging film can be sealed with a coating that seals to itself. These coatings are called cold-seal coatings and are usually modified rubber-based material. Cohesives of this type are often used to package products which would be damaged by heat such as ice cream, candy bars, and confections.
When a cold seal adhesive is used to seal a packaging film, the two film surfaces which are to be sealed together are each coated with the cohesive and the coated surfaces are pressed together, adhesive to adhesive. Alternatively, two packaging film surfaces may be sealed together by applying an adhesive coating on one side and the surfaces are then pressed together, adhesive coated film to uncoated film.
In both of these methods, when using packaging films of the prior art, the seals can be separated with the packaging film intact, either by pulling apart two cold seal coated film surfaces, or by separating an adhesive coated film surface from an uncoated film surface.
In the present invention, however, when the layer (b) surface is cold sealed or heat sealed to another film, if attempts are made to separate the seal, layer (b) separates, but the adhesive or sealant does not. Furthermore, the adherent film surfaces will not separate but will split in the skin layer (b) so that the adhesive itself remains sealed and covered by the remainder of the skin layer (b), and the adhesive is not exposed. Therefore, the seal cannot be readhered.
The film of the present invention comprises at least one cavitated layer, layer (b) which is applied to at least the lower face of core (a). The film may also comprise two or three cavitated layers, core layer (a), with layer (b) applied to the lower face of core (a) or to both the upper and lower faces of core (a). Core layer (a) may be the same or different than layer (b). If layer (b) is applied only to the lower face of core (a) and not to the upper face, then layer (c) may be applied to the upper face of core layer (a).
A tamper-evident package can be made using the film structure of the present invention with layer (b) inside the package, that is, layer (b) is the surface which is heat or cold sealed.
The polyolefins contemplated for the substrate or core layer material and the tamper-evident surface layer(s) of the subject film structure include polyethylene, polypropylene, polybutylene and copolymers and blends thereof. A crystalline polypropylene containing at least 80% by weight of isotactic polypropylene and having a melt flow index of from about 2 to 8 g/10 minutes is advantageously used for both the core layer and the skin layers. Also, titanium dioxide and particulates such as talc and syloid can be added to both the core and skin layers to impart brightness and antiblocking.
The polymer matrix material of core layer (a) can be a clear polypropylene or polyethylene or ethylene copolymerized with alpha olefins or blends thereof. The core layer can also be an opaque layer. The opacity of the opaque layer is achieved by introducing to this layer a stratum of voids which scatter light. The voids are created by mixing the matrix resin with an incompatible material followed by orientation. By incompatible it is meant that distinct phases of the two materials will result when an inter-blending of the two is attempted. Examples of such incompatible materials include polybutylene terephthalate and polyalphamethylstyrene. The incompatible material can be present in up to about 20% by weight of the matrix film. A preferred range is from about 2 to about 10 percent by weight.
A master batch technique can be employed either in the case of forming the spherical particles in situ or in adding preformed spheres to a molten thermoplastic matrix material. After the formation of a master batch, appropriate dilution of the system can be made by adding additional thermoplastic matrix material until the desired proportions are obtained.
Tamper-evident layer (b) which is to be applied to the lower face of core layer (a) and optionally also to the upper face of core layer (a), also has a polyolefin thermoplastic polymer matrix preferably of polypropylene and a filler which induces cavitation resulting in a stratum of voids located within the polymer matrix. Secondary skin layers may also be present adhering to the surface of layer (b), these secondary skin layers being of a thickness such that they do not substantially change the surface characteristics of skin layer (b).
The skin layer (b) thickness can be from about 2 to about 90% of the overall structure. It is preferred that the thickness of the skin layer (b) be from about 5 to about 20% of the overall structure.
The void-initiating particles dispersed as a filler phase into the polymeric matrix of layer (b) can be organic or inorganic, and are rigid particles which may or may not be identical in shape. The particles have a melting temperature higher than that of the polymeric matrix material. Some materials which may be used for the dispersed filler phase include calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, zeospheres, polyalphamethylstyrene (PαMS), and polybutylene terethalate PBT). The void-initiating particles can be present in amounts from about 1 to about 20 weight percent of layer (b) prior to orientation, with about 10 to about 15 weight percent preferred. The void-initiating particles can be present in tamper-evident layer (b) in an amount which is below 10% by weight of the total film structure, preferably about 0.05% to about 4%.
It is preferred that the average diameter of the voidinitiating particles be from about 0.1 to about 10 microns. These particles initiate voids throughout the matrix material during biaxial orientation.
The void-initiating particle material must be incompatible with the skin material, at least at the temperature of biaxial orientation.
The tamper-evident skin layer (b) is described as being a thermoplastic polymer matrix material within which is located a stratum of voids initiated by irregularly shaped organic or inorganic particles. The term "stratum" is intended to convey the understanding that there are a great many voids within the matrix and the voids themselves are oriented so that the two major dimensions are aligned in correspondence with the direction of orientation of the polymeric film structure. After each void has been formed through the initiation of an inorganic or organic particle, the particle may contribute little else to the system. Pigments such as TiO2 can be present or dispersed throughout the skin matrix. The pigment material is present in such a particle size and shape that it does not, at least in any material sense, contribute any void initiation by itself.
A typical void of the tamper-evident skin layer is defined as having major dimensions X and Y and minor dimension Z, where dimension X is aligned with machine direction orientation, dimension Y is aligned with transverse direction orientation and dimension Z approximately corresponds to the cross-sectional dimension of the inorganic/organic particle which initiated the void.
The orientation conditions are such that the X and Y dimensions of the voids of the tamper-evident skin layer (b) be major dimensions in comparison to the Z dimension. Thus while the Z dimension generally approximates the cross-sectional dimension of the inorganic/organic particle initiating the void, the X and Y dimensions must be significantly greater. In addition, the orientation conditions must be such that the general integrity of the voids is maintained. By this, it is meant that during the orientation which produces the X and Y dimensions, that is, either by simultaneous or sequential machine direction and transverse direction stretching, the temperature conditions must be such as to permit these major dimensions to form without any destruction of the voids in any of its dimensions. The voids are particularly vulnerable to destruction during sequential orientation if the stretching temperature is too low. Even in simultaneous orientation if the temperature is too low, the stretching forces will tend to cause internal shredding and void splitting. This leads to a complete loss of control over the integrity of the individual closed voids, and the consequent integrity of the matrix polymer. Thus, one skilled in the art, following the present general guidelines, can orient at a temperature and to a degree which will yield X and Y dimensions approaching a maximum without causing any substantial splitting, shredding or overall lack of void and matrix integrity.
Layer (c) which is optionally applied to the upper face of layer (a) may be fabricated from hydrocarbon copolymers, homopolymers and blends of homopolymers, and blends of copolymer(s) and homopolymer(s) heretofore employed for this purpose. For example, layer (c) may be polypropylene.
Layers (a), (b) and (c) may be coextruded.
The films may be biaxially oriented by conventional means. In general, this includes forming the film in sheet form and machine direction orienting (MDO) or stretching the same at the appropriate or optimum temperature, using transport rollers operating at different speeds. After the desired degree of MDO, the film is transverse direction oriented (TDO), for example in a tentering apparatus, to impart an orientation or stretching which is at right angles to the MDO. The extent 10 of orientation can be from about 3 to about 10 times its original dimension for the MDO and from about 3 to 10 times in the TDO.
The surface of the film may be treated to insure that an adhesive will be strongly adherent to the film. This treatment may be accomplished by employing known prior art techniques such as, for example, film chlorination, i.e., exposure of the film to gaseous chlorine, treatment with oxidizing agents such as chromic acid, hot air or steam treatment, flame treatment and the like. Although any of these techniques may be effectively employed to pretreat the film surface, a particularly desirable method of treatment has been found to be the so-called electronic treatment method which comprises exposing the film surface to a high voltage corona discharge while passing the film between a pair of spaced electrodes. After electronic treatment of the substrate film surface it may be coated with the adhesive by conventional techniques. Pretreatment of the surface is desirable in cold seal/coating applications. Optionally, a primer and a PVDC or acrylic type coating can be applied to the film surface prior to the application of the adhesive to achieve other desirable film properties.
A package fabricated from the film of the present invention may be sealed using a cold seal material such as Findley 211, 207 or with a heat seal.
The following examples illustrate the present invention.
In all examples, the tamper-evident films made according to the present invention were compared with standard packaging films as controls.
A mixture of isotactic polypropylene (94 parts, MP 160� C. and melt index of 3.0) and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) (6 parts, MP 228� C.) was melted in an extruder provided with a screw of L/D ratio of approximately 20/1. A second extruder was in association with the first mentioned extruder and supplied with the same polypropylene but without the PBT present. A third extruder was also in association with these two mentioned extruders and was supplied with the same mentioned polypropylene and calcium carbonate (15 parts). A melt coextrusion was carried out while maintaining the cylinder of the core material ranging from 200� C. to 230� C. The polypropylene to be extruded by the second mentioned extruder as a skin layer (c) was maintained at a temperature of 230� C. The polypropylene and calcium carbonate blend to be extruded by the third mentioned extruder as skin layer (b) was also maintained at a temperature of 230� C. A film structure was coextruded with a core thickness of 70% of the total extruded thickness. The skin layers (b) and (c) were each 15% of the total extruded thickness. Calcium carbonate was present in an amount of 3% by weight of the total structure. The unoriented film measured approximately 38 mils in thickness. This sheet was subsequently oriented five and one half by eight times respectively in the machine and transverse direction. The machine direction, or MD, orientation temperature used was about 135� C. and the transverse, or TD, orientation temperature was about 155� C. This resulted in a 1.5 mil film with a density of about 0.60 gm/cc. A modified rubber based cohesive was then applied to the skin layer (b) at a thickness weight of about 3 lbs per ream to simulate an overwrap type package. In this case, the cohesive used was a commercially available Findley #211 cold seal. Two of the skin layers (b) which were coated with cohesive, were then sealed together using a standard packaging crimp sealer. All seals were produced at 80 PSI with a dwell time of 1/2 second. These seals were then separated using a Suter Tester at a pulling speed of 12" per minute in opposing directions. This film produced an unexpected complete delamination of the skin layer (b) from the core when the seal was pulled apart. This rendered the seal totally incapable of being rejoined together as there was no cohesive left exposed creating a tamper-evident type seal. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1______________________________________FILM SEAL DESTRUC-STRUC- SEAL STRENGTH TION RESEAL-TURE TYPE (gms) MODE ABILITY______________________________________TAMPER EVIDENT FILM:Cavitated Cold 140 Delami- Noskin seal nationCore (F-211)Poly-propyleneCONTROL:Poly- Cold 160 Cohesive Yespropylene seal FailureCore (F-211)Poly-propylene______________________________________
The process of Example 1 was repeated, except in this case, the cold seal designated was F-207 and this was applied to a polyvinylidene chloride (PVdC) coated version of Example 1. Similar physical properties resulted, as shown in Example 1, but the PVdC coating imparted, in this case, a lower WVTR with a higher seal strength along with the tamper-evident quality. The results are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2______________________________________FILM MAX. SEAL DESTRUC-STRUC- SEAL STRENGTH TION RESEAL-TURE TYPE (gms) MODE ABILITY______________________________________PVdC COATED TAMPER EVIDENT FILM:PVdC Cold 470 Delami- NoCavitated seal nationskin (F-207)CorePoly-propyleneCONTROL:PVdC Cold 608 Cohesive YesPoly- seal Failurepropylene (F-207)CorePoly-propylene______________________________________
The process of Example 2 was repeated, except in this case, the seal was a heat seal at 260� F. and 20 psi 3/4 sec. This tamper-evident film again had a PVdC coating as discussed in Example 2, but for certain packaging applications, a heat seal is required. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3______________________________________FILM MAX. SEAL DESTRUC-STRUC- SEAL STRENGTH TION RESEAL-TURE TYPE (gms) MODE ABILITY______________________________________PVdC COATED TAMPER EVIDENT FILM:PVdC 260� F. 255 Delami- NoCavitated Heat nationskin SealCorePoly-propyleneCONTROL:PVdC 260� F. 403 Cohesive YesPoly- Heat Failurepropylene sealCorePoly-propylene______________________________________
The process of Example 1 was repeated, except in this case, the cold seal designated was F-207 and this was applied to an acrylic coated version of Example 1. Similar physical properties resulted, but the acrylic coating provided good machinability along with a high seal strength and tamper-evident quality. The results are shown in Table 4.
TABLE 4______________________________________FILM SEAL DESTRUC-STRUC- SEAL STRENGTH TION RESEAL-TURE TYPE (gms) MODE ABILITY______________________________________ACRYLIC COATED TAMPER EVIDENT FILM:ACRYLIC Cold 330 Delami- NoCavitated seal nationskin (F207)CorePoly-propyleneCONTROL:ACRYLIC Cold 400 Cohesive YesPoly- seal Failurepropylene (F207)CorePoly-propylene______________________________________
The process of Example 4 was repeated except in this case, the seal was a heat seal. This tamper-evident film had an acrylic coating as discussed in Example 4, but for certain applications, a heat seal is required. The results are shown in Table 5.
TABLE 5______________________________________FILM SEAL DESTRUC-STRUC- SEAL STRENGTH TION RESEAL-TURE TYPE (gms) MODE ABILITY______________________________________ACRYLIC COATED TAMPER EVIDENT FILM:ACRYLIC 260� F. 200 Delami- NoCavitated Heat nationskin sealCorePoly-propyleneCONTROL:ACRYLIC 260� F. 260 Cohesive YesPoly- Heat Failurepropylene sealCorePoly-propylene______________________________________
The data disclosed hereinabove reveal the unique properties of the tamper-evident film of the present invention. It should be noted that the destruction mode appears only when one attempts to tamper with the tamper-evident seal disclosed herein. The film remains intact, retaining its excellent packaging properties under normal handling conditions.
While there have been described what are presently believed to be the preferred embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art will realize that changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended to claim all such changes and modifications as fall within the true scope of the invention.
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|U.S. Classification
|428/36.5, 206/807, 428/407, 428/35.7, 428/516, 428/315.7, 428/315.5, 428/36.4, 428/317.9, 428/212, 428/316.6, 383/5, 428/34.1, 428/213, 428/349
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Apr 19, 1989
Owner name: FL INDUSTRIES, INC., NEW JERSEY
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:DE CANDIA, GIOVANNI;REEL/FRAME:005159/0247
Effective date: 19890331
|Jun 14, 1989
Owner name: MOBIL OIL CORPORATION, NEW YORK
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:LIU, LELAND L.;HEFFELFINGER, MICHAEL T.;WHYMAN, DONALD G.;REEL/FRAME:005090/0213;SIGNING DATES FROM 19890526 TO 19890601
|Aug 4, 1993
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Feb 14, 1998
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Apr 21, 1998
|Surcharge for late payment
|Apr 21, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Sep 28, 2001
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


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Why don't you take a closer look at this furniture? Maybe you will find something that will satisfy you and your family – it has been like that with quite a lot of people who have come here and what do you think about all this? Do we need to keep on encouraging you?
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Visakhapatnam, May 11 (ANI): Responding with alacrity, the Indian Navy evacuated four tribals and two policemen, who were injured in an anti-Maoist operation in Visakhapatnam.
They were injured in crossfire during a combing operation in the forests of RV Nagar, 95 kilometers from the Visakhapatnam District headquarters.
The injured were brought to the city and are undergoing treatment at a private hospital.We can only hope that all of them survive," said Soumya Mishra, Deputy Inspector General of Police.
The Maoists, described by Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh as the country's biggest internal security threat, started their armed struggle in Naxalbari town of West Bengal in 1967.
Over the past four decades, they have expanded their support among farmers by tapping into resentment at the government's pro-industry push.
The Maoists claim they are crusading for the poor, marginal farmers, and landless labourers.
They have spread into the rural pockets of 20 of India's 28 states. (ANI)


text:
Rights campaigners Tuesday urged French President Nicolas Sarkozy to broach the sensitive topic of human rights with his Chinese counterpart Hu Jintao when he makes a state visit to France this week.
"We call on you to include protection of human rights in China and the freeing of the Nobel Peace Prize winner Liu Xiaobo on the agenda of your talks with the Chinese president," Human Rights Watch said in an open letter.
Hu is due to hold a series of bilateral talks with Sarkozy during his three-day visit from Thursday, during which major commercial contracts worth billions of euros are expected to be announced.
Sarkozy has remained silent on the awarding of the Nobel prize to Liu a jailed Chinese pro-democracy activist, which angered China when it was announced by the Norwegian Nobel Committee last month.
France and China have had tense diplomatic relations over recent years, notably over French backing for the exiled Tibetan leader the Dalai Lama, but they maintain important economic ties and relations have warmed since 2009.
"In our eyes it is essential that France remind China of its obligations in terms of human rights, and demand that the Nobel winner be freed and his wife Liu Xia's house arrest ended," the US-based rights watchdog added.
Another campaign group, the press freedom watchdog Reporters Without Borders, called for a demonstration in central Paris on Thursday at the start of Hu's visit, planning to release doves as a symbol of peace.
"Liu Xiaobo is innocent. For 20 years he has been committed to the defence of human rights, freedom of expression and freedom of the press, in accordance with the Chinese constitution," the organisation said in a statement.
"These are the reasons why he is the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize laureate, and why his detention is unacceptable."


text:
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New studies show that the fossil fuel dependent countries can switch to fully renewable electricity systems and achieve zero-carbon emissions till 2050.
March 17, 2017, Berlin/Lappeenranta – In India, Iran and Nigeria electricity supply fully based on renewable energy sources and storage is feasible until 2050 and is more cost-efficient than other existing energy supply options. This is the result of a series of studies by researchers of the Lappeenranta University of Technology, including authors from the respective countries.
The fully renewable electricity systems in India, Iran and Nigeria would be 60-70% cheaper than the so-called "low-carbon" energy options, including nuclear power or the fossil fuel energy combined with the CCS.
"All the three countries have abundant renewable energy sources and will be facing a rising energy demand in the coming years and decades. The transformation of the fossil fuel dependent economies can solve energy security issues and drive the economic growth", Christian Breyer, Professor for Solar Economy at the Lappeenranta University of Technology and Co-chairman of the Energy Watch Group scientific board said.
The new studies have modeled on a full hourly resolution the energy sectors electricity, desalination and industrial gas in India, Iran and Nigeria, fully based on renewable energy and storage. According to the studies, solar PV and battery storage will play a dominant role in the electricity mix, given their falling costs and given the fact that all three countries belong to the global Sun Belt. Meanwhile, the industrial gas demand can be covered entirely by a mix of biomethane and power-to-gas processes.
"The studies show that investments in new coal and nuclear power plants are no longer necessary and will lead to stranded investments. Climate protection and the avoidance of radioactive hazards are feasible and enable cost-effective energy security," President of the Energy Watch Group Hans-Josef Fell said.
In India, solar PV and storage will form the backbone of a fully renewable electricity system. In times of low radiation and the monsoon season, wind and hydropower will help to sustain the energy supply, but also solar electricity harvested in other Indian regions not affected by the monsoon and transmitted by the power grid. In Iran, wind energy will be dominant until 2030 with solar PV taking over thereafter. In Nigeria, the study shows a phase out of fossil gas can take place already by 2040, resulting in a solar PV and battery storage dominated electricity system.
Share of different energy sources used for power generation in total electricity production in Iran
According to the studies, the costs for one MWh will vary between €37-42 in India, €32-44 in Iran and €35-38 in Nigeria in the year 2050. The overall costs covering production, storage and curtailment will be cheaper than conventional energy sources. For instance, new nuclear power costs some €110 per MWh and the fossil fuel energy plus CCS option some €120 per MWh. The study on Iran shows that if energy transition takes place slower than its potential is, it would cause higher cost for the energy system in the double digit billion € order.
"It is now a matter of favourable policies and financial schemes supporting investments in renewable energy to further accelerate the already impressive exponential growth of renewables and to turn these study results into reality", Breyer said. "And if India, Iran and Nigeria switch to 100% renewable energy then other countries in their respective regions will most likely follow them as role models".
Press contact: Tel: +49 30 609 898 810,
Study results are freely available:
India: paper: http://bit.ly/2nsJCfK presentation: http://bit.ly/2nwJ2Ku
Iran: paper: http://bit.ly/2mUfVCJ presentation: http://bit.ly/2m6MMVW
Nigeria: paper: http://bit.ly/2mzo9gX presentation: http://bit.ly/2n40CYH
About Energy Watch Group
Energy Watch Group (EWG) is an independent, non-profit global network of scientists and parliamentarians. The EWG commissions research and independent studies and analyses on global energy developments.


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Howdy, Stranger!
It looks like you're new here. If you want to get involved, click one of these buttons!
2013 and earlier Honda Odyssey Prices Paid and Buying Experience
about the pirce break down:
it's 29,150.80 (include destination charge and without all other fee and tax)
Consider coming to Maryland to buy and drive back to NY. There's a bit more coordination, but my friend did this for the last generation Odyssey when prices high in Maryland (he flew to Ohio to get it).
I have a quote of 27094 for ex-l. I do not need the car until july. Will I be able to do better than this in the next couple of months? Does anyone I have an idea if the dealer incentives will continue past May 4?
Hi XNCG,
Could you pls. mail me the price quotes you got from Sport Honda to my email:
I wish to buy one too with that price!
Lorraine Yao :P
" Consider coming to Maryland to buy and drive back to NY. There's a bit more coordination, but my friend did this for the last generation Odyssey when prices high in Maryland (he flew to Ohio to get it). "
No. If NY dealers didn't sell enough odys in April because of overpricing, they have to hurry up with better deals in later months of 2009:)
So the deals vary months by months for different regions, due to dynamics of these years sliding market.
ckrahe ,
can you email the quote you got. My quote is much higher than that.
My quote from sport honda is much higher at least 2 grand. Can you forward the quote you got from them please?
In Tampa area of FL, I have a quote of $460 OTD on an EX and $550 OTD on an EXL. Both of these are with zero down and 15k miles per year. I haven't reached the point of finalizing the deal yet but was wondering if posters thought these quotes were reasonable. Incentives may or may not go away after 5/4. Thanks.
Based on my research in the Venice, FL area, your quote of $27129 OTD is right on the money.
Hi Xncg,
I wonder whether you'd any trade in with this offer? :confuse:
Pls do forward your best price quotes to me if possible.
Email: email@example.com
decon Posts: 56Quote I got today from Herson was $33,400 OTD EX-L DVD and Nav.
bmk Posts: 2Brought XL-E with DVD+NAV for 31000+ 6% tax+Title in Fort Lauderdale, FL on 05/03/2009. Did any one brought in FLL area in recent past !">
It would be appreciated if anyone has update on Honda May'09 incentives???
Thanks in advance
Hey BMK,
That's a great deal! Do you mind to tell me whether you'd any trade-in? Any options with that price (appearance packages, wheel locks, cargo net, etc)?
Do you mind to forward your price quotes (with price breakdown, base price + TTL+ destination charges+ processing fees, etc) to my email? I would surely appreciated!
dean_zhang Posts: 3Hi, xncg,
I am in Maryland too. Could you please forward me your price quote to firstname.lastname@example.com? Thanks!
I believe current incentives run through today (5/4), and the new plan will come out tomorrow. Honda is very tight-lipped until the new plan starts, so even salespeople do not know until then.
sorry for the confusion everyone. I made a typo on the title. this car is with Dvd and WITHOUT NAV.
Really sorry!!
Is the 2010 model a new design? When will the 2010s hit the showrooms?
I got a quote of $28,385 from a NJ dealer. Is that a good price? That's w/o the fees & taxes.
At Honda dealer, how much maximum can I pay a new car using credit card?
$3000? No limit? 0?
tonyl1 Posts: 53We we bought ours I think our dealer said their limit was 15K, but it may vary by dealer.
Any one seen this and have any thoughts ?
http://money.cnn.com/2009/04/30/news/companies/cash_for_clunkers/index.htm?postv- ersion=2009050108
"So-called cash-for-clunkers legislation introduced in January aimed to encourage the purchase of more fuel efficient cars. Consumers with old, gas guzzlers could get $1,500 to $5,000 vouchers funded by the government to use toward the purchase of new cars. "
westk1 Posts: 9I just bought a base EX, Silver Pearl for $24,332. OTD, $27,069. I had several dealers agree to the price or within $40 of it. Not all had EX's in stock. Dealer was San Leandro Honda. Do not buy the Honda Care Extended warrenty from a dealer. You can purchase it yourself if you want it from Honda directly for a much lower price. Honda allows you to purchase the new vehicle contract within the first 6,000 miles.
No, the 2010 should not be a redesign. If Honda keeps its 6 year cycle, it will be in 2011. However, it may slip. Toyota was supposed to have a redesigned Sienna this year, but it has slipped to the 2011 model year.
Can you tell me the dealer? Does that include destination?
toyojunk Posts: 192010 Odysseys were upposed to arrive at Honda dealers Fall 2009. Same with 2010 Siennas and both were scheduled to be re-designed.
It's DCH Academy Honda of Old Bridge, NJ.
Thanks. I got a quote from them for about the same price as you on an ex-l without dvd. Is your price with destination?
rascallyrabbit Posts: 2I may have missed the boat on this one. I want to buy a Honda Odyssey Touring and received some great quotes in April but was waiting on my windfall money to come in... it took longer than I expected and now I see that the rebates and incentives are not currently being offered by Honda. Does anyone know if they are coming back or if dealerships are hungry enough to honor the April quote?
badtaamiz_2000: If you've already used Edmund's dealer contact service for Jim Coleman, then maybe you need to wait until the end of month to get your best deal.


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Events for March 15, 2017
Day Navigation
1:00 pm
Battle Color Ceremony at Parris Island
On Wednesday, March 15th at 1 p.m. the Battle Colors Detachment from Marine Barracks Washington, featuring the U.S. Marine Drum & Bugle Corps, the Silent Drill Platoon, and the Marine...Find out more »
1:30 pm
Echoes from Beaufort's Past
This one hour production takes you back in time with 19th century music, dances, period dress, and diary accounts bringing to life the history of the Low Country. Hear the...Find out more »
4:30 pm
'Uncork Your Palate' World Wine Tour
Spend an entertaining (and educational) afternoon with ta•ca•rón proprietor & wine aficionado, Juan Carlos Jiménez, as he takes you on a tour of exotic wines from around the world. Juan...Find out more »
6:00 pm
Burger Night!
Wednesday nights are BURGER NIGHTS at Maggies!Find out more »


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From the Periphery to the Center? The Evolving WTO Jurisprudence on Transparency and Good Governance
The rise of the regulatory state in the latter half of the 20th century is reflected in the text of the World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreements and specifically its transparency related obligations. The oldest transparency and good governance obligation of the WTO is Article X of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). Article X imposes broad publication and due process requirements on the administration of measures in the area of trade in goods. The language of Article X is duplicated or incorporated by reference throughout the WTO Agreements. During the GATT years (1947-94), Article X was a silent provision dismissed by GATT panels as 'subsidiary' to the other 'substantive' provisions of the GATT. Since the creation of the WTO, Article X has emerged from obscurity, and is now viewed as creating obligations of 'fundamental importance,' such as transparency and due process. In addition, there has been an exponential increase in the number of cases asserting Article X claims before WTO panels and the Appellate Body. The resulting treatment of such claims by the WTO dispute settlement bodies reflects both the emerging role of the WTO as a supranational administrative body and the continuing discomfort of panels and the Appellate Body with applying good governance obligations. , Oxford University Press.
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Volume (Year): 11 (2008)
Issue (Month): 4 (December)
Pages: 779-802
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text:
Thursday 7 May 1992
It was Thursday, under the sign of Taurus. The US president was George H. W. Bush (Republican).
Famous people born on this day include Alexander Ludwig and James Eubanks.
In that special week of May people in US were listening to Jump by Kris Kross.
In UK Deeply Dippy by Right Said Fred was in the top 5 hits.
Lethal Weapon 3, directed by Richard Donner, was one of the most viewed movies released in 1992
while The Road To Omaha by Robert Ludlum was one of the best selling books.
On TV people were watching Mr. Wakefield's Crusade.
If you liked videogames you were probably playing Ancient Anguish or Chatan Yarakuu Shanku – The Karate Tournament.
But much more happened that day: find out below..
You can also have a look at the whole 1992 or at May 07 across the years.
Old Newspapers
Have a look at the old newspapers from 7 May 1992 and get them!
TV Series
Which were the most popular TV series released in the last months ?
Which were the most popular movies released in the last months ?
Find out your future
Wish him/her..
Historical Events
Which were the important events of 7 May 1992 ?
- USA - National Masturbation Day (Declared by Good_Vibrations_(sex_toy_business)) Now in its 11th year - [1][2][3][4][5]
- Blessed Gisela (died 1060)
- Saint Domitian of Huy, apostle of the Meuse valley
- Bulgaria - Radio and Television Day (see above)
- Russia - Radio Day (commemorating the work of Alexander Popov)
- Saint Flavia Domitilla
Famous Birthdays:
- Alexander Ludwig: Canadian actor.
- James Eubanks: YouTube Star.
- Briana LaCuesta: Reality Star.
- 5 NYC cops arrested in Hauppauge Long Island for selling cocaine
- Constitutional amendment barring mid-term congressional raises passes
- US space shuttle STS-49 launched (maiden voyage of Endeavour).
- Jockey Angel Cordero retires after winning over 7,000 horse races.
- Five New York City cops arrested in Hauppauge Long Island for selling cocaine.
- Michigan ratifies a 203-year-old proposed amendment to the United States Constitution making the 27th Amendment law. This amendment bars the U.S. Congress from giving itself a mid-term pay raise.
- Three employees at a McDonald's Restaurant in Sydney, Nova Scotia, Canada, are brutally murdered and a fourth permanently disabled after a botched robbery. It is the first ''fast-food murder'' in Canada.
- The Space Shuttle Endeavour is launched on its first mission (STS-49).
Featured Contents
Would you like to write an original contribution on a topic related to this specific date and get featured on Takemeback.to ? Send us your proposal!
Music Charts
Which were the top hits in that special week of May 1992 ?
Top #10 songs in the USA
- Kris Kross - Jump
- Queen - Bohemian Rhapsody
- Vanessa Williams - Save The Best For Last
- Eric Clapton - Tears In Heaven
- En Vogue - My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It)
- Joe Public - Live And Learn
- TLC - Ain't 2 Proud To Beg
- Red Hot Chili Peppers - Under The Bridge
- Ugly Kid Joe - Everything About You
- Mariah Carey - Make It Happen
Search For Your Ancestors
Subscribe to our Newsletter
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...and if 7 May 1992 was your Birth Date then Join our Birthday Club!
Make this date unforgettable
Genealogy: find out your family heritage
Magazine Covers
What news were making the headlines those days in May 1992?
- Time: TIME Magazine Cover: Roe V. Wade -- May 4, 1992
- SportsIllustrated: Sports Illustrated: no.9327
- Life: Johnny Carson
Which were the most popular books released in the last weeks ?
Remember when
What videogames would you be playing back in the days ?


text:
Sunsets on the Water by LittleFishPenguin95Watch
©2012-2017 LittleFishPenguin95
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text:
Back-to-lay Wolf Sword, Mailshot and Plan Again
2.15 Carlisle
Wolf Sword and Mist Kit look the pace in this race but the former, Wolf Sword looks the one to side with in-running, having traded odds-on in his last four races. He has finished no worse than third in in last six races and looks a decent bet to go close again off just 3lb higher than his last handicap race last month. He drops back in distance, which looks to suit; he currently trades around 5.40 on Betfair.Continue Reading


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With the high pricing of theater tickets and upscale dining, going on a date with your girlfriend can get quite hefty for your wallet. Fortunately, you can still have a date night with your girlfriend even if your funds are running a little low. Plan a fun-filled, budget-friendly date with her by using items you already have at home or by taking her out to places that will cost you absolutely nothing.
Head to the Kitchen
Plan a date night dinner. Search your cabinets to see what you already have to work with. Tell your girlfriend what ingredients you already have in your kitchen and ask her what she has in her own. Perhaps you have tomato sauce and shredded cheese while she has pre-packed dough and sliced pepperoni to make a pizza. Or, you may have meatballs and she has boxed pasta to make a complete spaghetti dinner. Invite her over to bring her ingredients and prepare a meal together. Then, sit down at a candlelit table and enjoy your home-cooked meal.
Go to the Local Park
A neighborhood park can offer you and your girlfriend a plethora of fun things to do together. Grab your girlfriend's hand and stroll hand in hand around the park to enjoy the scenic trees and flowers. Bring along some crumbled bread for you and your girlfriend to throw into the pond and laugh together as the ducks nibble them up. If you are the adventurous type, go for a long bike ride around the park and break for a picnic lunch. Perhaps you can also see who can skate the fastest between the both of you around the park.
Get Your Game On
Schedule a night of friendly competition with your girlfriend. Spend the evening playing a series of card and board games you both already have. Uno, Mad Gab and Twister are ideal games that can easily be played with just two people, suggests "Cosmopolitan." Get in touch with your inner child and play kid-catered games such as Candyland. Or, play your favorite classic games instead such as Monopoly or Clue. Alternatively, have a video game competition. Think of creative ways that the person with the most wins can be rewarded. The loser can cook the winner a romantic dinner.
Have a Movie Marathon
Skip the expensive tickets and snacks at the movie theater and plan a movie night at home. Scan your home movie library for your favorite movies and have your girlfriend bring over her own. Toss a coin to see whose movie you will watch first, advises "Marie Claire." Then, grab your favorite treats and cuddle up on the couch together to watch the movies. Discuss your favorite movie scenes afterwards. Alternatively, agree on a movie night theme and only watch films you already have from a specific genre. Maybe you can have a sci-fi flick night and watch alien-themed movies or have a night of laughter and romance with romantic comedies.


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Explore the beauties of Mykonos, the ancient treasures of Delos and all Cyclades islands. Cruising over 35 knots is ideal for daily charters to Paros, Antiparos or even Santorini. Captain Apostolos and his crew offer high standard service and promise you an unforgettable charter.
Available for charter in:
Aegean Sea, Cyclades, Dodecanese
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