text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|May 20, 2003
|Filing date
|May 22, 2001
|Priority date
|May 26, 1999
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Anna M. Tabirian, Hans P. Jenssen, Scott Buchter, Hanna J. Hoffman
|Original Assignee
|University Of Central Florida
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (16), Non-Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (60), Classifications (13), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This invention is a division of Ser. No. 09/577,388, filed May 25, 2000, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,269,108, and claims priority based on U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/135,977 filed May 26, 1999.
This invention relates to solid state lasers, and in particular to a method and apparatus of generating at room temperature one or more wavelengths in the infrared part of the spectrum using high concentration Holmium-doped fluoride crystals to maximize resonant pump absorption.
It is well known that the trivalent holmium ion (Ho3+) is capable of producing stimulated emission at several different wavelengths across the infrared, from 0.75 to just under 4.0 μm. For the purpose of generating longer wavelengths, fluoride crystals are a preferred host for the holmium ion because the energy levels are spaced sufficiently apart within the different manifolds to mitigate against rapid multiphonon non-radiative transitions which would otherwise inhibit fluorescence at wavelengths longer than about 3 μm. Thus, while the Ho transition near 2.9 μm has been made to lase in many different crystals including oxides and garnets, only fluorides exhibited stimulated emission beyond 3 μm. It is further known that because of the rich energy level structure of Ho, a multiplicity of wavelengths can be generated through sequential transitions between intermediate levels.
One of the most interesting Ho transitions is the one near 4 μm between the 5I6 and 5I5 levels. There are very few active ion-host crystal combinations that have been successfully lased this far into the infrared, and none that have demonstrated operation levels substantially greater than a few millijoules at or near room temperature. As will be described below, stimulated emission at 3.9 μm was previously achieved by Ho:YLF but under conditions that severely limit prospects for further energy and power scaling to levels that are of interest.
The main issue limiting laser action at 3.9 μm in Ho-doped crystals, including most known fluorides, is the long fluorescence lifetime of the lower 5I6 laser level coupled with the self-terminating nature of the 5I5→5I6 transition. The long 5I6 lifetime—up to a few milliseconds for most fluoride materials—limits the repetition rate of the corresponding laser transition, whereas the much shorter lifetime of the upper 5I5 level—typically, no more than a few 10's of microseconds, results in an effective three-level system for the laser transition. While it is known in the art that cooling of a three level laser medium can be used to more easily achieve and sustain inversion, this approach is generally considered unattractive for practical laser systems because of added complexity and weight. It has further been recognized that an alternative way to overcome an unfavorable lifetime ratio is through use of resonant pumping, whereby the upper laser level is directly excited by a narrow band source with frequency selected or tuned to match an absorption line that is dynamically connected to the upper level of the desired transition. When the resonant pump source also has a very short pulse duration (typically about 100 nanoseconds) it is said to "gain switch" the particular transition, in much the same way Q-switching a laser oscillator produces short duration pulses.
Resonant pumping for the purpose of generating mid-infrared wavelengths from activator ions in various hosts has often been employed in the prior art. For example, in the invention disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,200,966 to Esterowitcz and Stoneman, the 4I11/2 upper laser state of the erbium ion was directly pumped with a pump beam at a wavelength of about 970 nm, causing the erbium ion to produce laser emission at substantially 2.8 μm, corresponding to the 4I11/2→4I15/2 laser transition, with high efficiency at room temperature. Because high power diode laser arrays with wavelengths in the 950-980 nm range have recently become more available, there have been several successful efforts demonstrating diode pumped, power scalable cw operation from Er-doped lasers. However, pulsed operation has been more elusive at or near 3 μm, even under seemingly favorable resonant pumping conditions. In another example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,330,763 to Esterowitcz and Kruer taught use of resonant pumping from a laser source at 2.06 μm to achieve inversion on the 7F3→7F5 line at 4.1 μm from terbium-doped YLF. A large ratio of non-radiative to radiative decay rates in this gain material discriminates against broad-band pumping, but allows the use of resonant, narrow-band excitation to produce laser action.
Heretofore, Holmium-doped lasers have also been made which are capable of pulsed operation in the infrared region of the spectrum upon resonant pumping by radiation from Nd:YAG lasers with output near 1 μm. In particular, pulsed emission at or near 3 μm from Ho-doped garnets such as YAG, GGG and YALO was described wherein co-doping with suitable activator ion such as praseodymium (Pr) was utilized to allow resonant pumping near 1 μm. For example, Anton in U.S. Pat. No. 5,070,507 describes a laser system wherein a Nd-doped laser operating on a non-standard line of 1.123 μm is used to pump holmium laser to produce a moderately high energy output pulse at about 3 μm. Key to the invention by Anton was the incorporation of holmium ion with concentrations in excess of 15% (atomic percent) and a much lower praseodymium (Pr) concentration (on the order of 0.01%). The higher Ho concentration allowed preferential lasing on the 2.94 μm line in Ho-doped garnet crystals upon pumping with the 1.12 μm output of a Nd:YAG laser, whereas the Pr ion served to quench the lifetime of the lower 5I7 laser level, thereby breaking the bottleneck of the normally self-terminating 5I5→5I6 transition.
In the early demonstrations of the long wavelength transitions in Ho3+-doped YLF using resonant pumping of the 5S2 manifold with short pulse green lasers, laser action on the 3.9 μm line was achieved as part of a sequence with other transitions, a process known in the art as cascade lasing. Specifically, using a frequency-doubled short pulse (20 ns) Nd:glass laser operating at 535 nm to pump a 1% Ho:YLF crystal, the two-line 5S2→5I5, 5I5→5I6(1.392 μm, 3.914 μm) and 5S2→5I5, 5I5→5I7 (1.392 μm, 1.673 μm) cascade transitions were successfully lased at room temperature (see L. Esterowitz, R. C. Eckardt and R. E. Allen, Appl. Phys. Lett., 35,236, (1979)). Three-step laser transitions, for example at 3.4 μm, 3.9 μm and 2.9 μm were also reported (see R. C. Eckart, L. Esterowitz and Y. P. Lee, Procs. Int'l Conf. Lasers, pp. 380 (1981)) in Ho:YLF using the longer 1 μs pulse from a pulsed dye laser tuned to 535.5 nm. These and similar results were further described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,321,559 to Esterowitz and Eckardt. A key feature in these early descriptions of resonantly pumped cascade lasing was that cascade processes, whereby one laser transition sequentially pumps a lower laser transition in the same material, could be viewed as one form of resonant self-pumping. By causing population inversion to occur sequentially, cascade laser action can therefore improve the efficiency of laser transitions between intermediate manifolds, as well as produce radiation consisting of two or more wavelengths. In the case of short pulse green laser excitation of the high lying 5S2 state, cavity optics can be selected to preferentially lase a given sequence of transitions. For example, by using one set of coated optics, the excited 5S2 state population could be directly transferred to the intermediate 5I5 level, which then serves as the upper level for a subsequent 3.9 μm laser transition to the 5I6 level. A different set of cavity mirrors cause the second lasing step to occur on the 1.7 μm 5I5→5I7 line.
Yet, although prior art describing the advantages of resonant pumping and multi-wavelengths cascade lasing was related nearly two decades ago, to date no practical Ho-doped laser has been constructed with one output wavelength near either the 2.9μ or 3.9 μm lines, using principles taught by Esterowitcz and Eckardt. One problem with prior art systems based on resonant pumping is that they require a laser with a wavelength tuned closely to an appropriate absorption band of the laser material. For example, in the case the Ho ion, lasing at 3.9 μm was previously obtained only as part of a sequence of cascade transitions, by resonantly pumping the 5I8 ground state to the 5S2, 5F4 level. To increase the pumping efficiency, the green beam had to be tuned close to the appropriate absorption peak, which in fluorides is near 535 nm. This wavelength matches up poorly with most readily available commercial lasers, which is one of the factors precluding practical application of such cascade lasers to date. Similarly, the methods and system disclosed by Anthon for generating 2.9 μm radiation from Ho-doped garnets, while recognizing the benefits to improved efficiencies that could be obtained by increasing holmium concentrations, still required a pump laser tuned to 1.1 μm, which is a difficult wavelength to obtain from a practical laser system, especially if short pulse operation is desired as well. Thus, even if pump lasers with wavelengths suitable for pumping holmium could be constructed, other conditions on the pulse duration, energy, repetition rate, and beam quality may place additional limitations on practical implementations of the infrared laser system with the output power, output wavelengths and efficiency desired.
It is therefore one object of the present invention to disclose a means for achieving efficient room temperature laser operation at 3.9 μm from a holmium-doped fluoride crystal pumped by a practical pulsed source tuned to a resonance, and with pulse duration short enough to allow population inversion between the upper 5I5 level and the long lived 5I6 lower laser level.
It is another object of the invention to disclose a pulsed Ho-doped laser operatively configured as a 2.9 μm or 3.9 μm downconverter for a shorter wavelength laser that is available as a commercial source. Examples of such sources include the 532 nm from frequency-doubled Nd:YAG, Nd:Vanadate, or other Nd-doped systems a Ti:sapphire or Cr:LiSAF laser tuned to about 890 nm, a fosterite or fiber Raman laser operating near 1.2 μm.
It is an additional object to be able to efficiently accomplish said downconversion utilizing short pulse (nanosecond) pump lasers, thereby gain switching the transitions near 2.9 and/or 3.9 μm so as to produce short pulses at these infrared wavelengths.
It is still another object to generate one or more different wavelengths in the infrared between 750 nm and 4 μm, but specifically including the wavelengths near 2.9 and/or 3.9 μm, utilizing resonant pumping of a holmium-doped fluoride crystal with a shorter wavelength pump laser.
It is a further object to provide a method and system for generating said output wavelengths alone or in a cascade with other infrared wavelengths at output energies scalable to over 10 millijoules and with repetition rates scalable to over 10 Hz.
It is yet another object to disclose methods for generating energy scalable longer infrared wavelengths at room temperature using a resonant pump source with pulse duration that is sufficiently long to enable efficient pumping even from end-pumped configurations. It is therefore a special object to be able to operate the pump laser at energy densities that are well above the threshold for sustained laser oscillation while staying below damage thresholds to sensitive IR coatings. In various embodiments of the invention such pump sources may include free running, or long pulse tunable Cr:LiSAF or Ti:sapphire lasers, frequency-doubled Nd-doped lasers, Raman fiber lasers and high power, quasi-cw semiconductor laser arrays.
In accordance with the above objectives, system and method is disclosed for generating at least one long infrared wavelength from a holmium-doped fluoride laser source pumped by a resonant pulsed narrow-band source. The invention includes pump sources with short enough pulse durations to gain switch a particular transition and also pump sources with long pulses but sufficiently high energy dsensity to overcome the saturation density associated with the transition. Of particular importance to the present invention are techniques for selecting the holmium concentration so as to optimize absorption at a wavelength that is available as a practical commercial laser source. In preferred embodimets of the invention the particular wavelengths of 3.9 μm and 2.9 μm are generated alone or in sequence with each other or with other wavelengths including but not limited to 1.4 μm, 2.4 μm and 2.0 μm. Pump wavelengths include 532 nm, such as is available from stanfdard Nd-doped lasers, 890 nm from Cr:LiSAF, Ti:sapphire, or diode laser arrays and 1.2 μm from, for example fosterite or Raman fiber lasers.
Further objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of a presently preferred embodiment, which is illustrated schematically in the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an energy level diagram and a preferred embodiment of cascade lasing in a Ho3+ doped fluoride material, such as Ho:BYF, using 532 μm pumping.
FIG. 2 shows the absorption spectrum of 10% Ho:BYF in the 532 nm spectral range.
FIG. 3 shows the cavity layout for a preferred embodiment of gain switched 3.9 μm Ho:BYF laser resonantly end-pumped by short pulse Nd-doped 532 nm laser.
FIG. 4 shows a plot of the 3.9 μm output energy as a function of 532 nm absorbed input energy for cascade lasing in 10% Ho:BYF pumped by a Q-switched, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser.
FIG. 5 shows another preferred embodiment for generating radiation at 3.9 μm from Ho-doped fluoride crystal resonantly pumped at 890 nm.
FIG. 6 shows an absorption spectrum near 890 nm for (a) 10% and (b) 20% Ho:BYF.
FIG. 7 shows a schematic of a laser oscillator for generating radiation at 3.9 μm from Ho:BYF using long pulse resonant pumping at 890 nm.
FIG. 8 shows a plot of the 3.9 μm output energy as a function of 890 nm absorbed input energy for 10% and 20% Ho:BYF pumped by a 50 μs Cr:LISAF laser.
FIG. 9 shows several alternative options for generating radiation at 2.9 μm from resonantly pumped Ho-doped fluoride laser.
Before explaining the disclosed embodiment of the present invention in detail it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in its application to the details of the particular arrangement shown since the invention is capable of other embodiments. Also, the terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and not of limitation.
As earlier noted and to which now should be referenced, FIG. 1 portrays the cascade process involving the 5S2−5I5 (1.4 μm) and 5I5−5I6 (3.9 μm) cascade transitions in the output of one preferred embodiment using pulsed resonant pumping of a holmium-doped crystal such as BaY2F8 (Ho:BYF) at a wavelength of 532 nm. This corresponds to the frequency doubled wavelength of a common Nd-doped laser such as Nd:YAG or Nd:Vanadate. Ho-doped BYF was selected as the preferred crystal over the more commonly available Ho:YLF because it has generally longer fluorescence lifetimes, which favors stimulated emission between intermediate levels. Other holmium-doped crystals that may be of interest but are not yet available commercially include NaYF4, (NaYF) and KY3F10(KYF), as well as fluoride fibers such as ZBLAN.
For the purpose of validating the salient features of the present invention, key spectroscopic and dynamic characteristics were determined for both Ho:BYF and Ho:YLF crystals, at several concentrations between 1% and 20% (atomic percent). All the crystals were grown using a conventional Czochralski technique from purified starting materials. Crystals with the general properties described herein can be acquired commercially, for example, from AC materials, Inc.
As a key element of the invention, higher concentrations of the active Ho ion are used principally to increase the absorption strength and to also extend the absorption bandwidth, thereby allowing effective excitation off the peak of the absorption curve. The absorption at 532 nm was measured for both Ho:YLF and Ho:BYF at several concentrations. For Ho:YLF it was found to range from 0.6 cm−1 for a 1% concentration sample to 5.6 cm−1 in the 20% sample. The trend is similar for Ho:BYF. An absorption spectrum for the 10% Ho:BYF sample used in subsequent experiments is shown in FIG. 2, from which the absorption coefficient at 532 nm is measured table 2.42 cm−1 for polarization parallel to the b-axis. This results in more than 50% absorption for a 5 mm long rod and would be adequate for laser end-pumped operation. For a 20% Ho:BYF sample, the 532 nm absorption was measured to be about a factor of 2 higher (for polarization in the X-Z plane) than in the 10% sample, i.e. (about 4.8 cm−1). Even with some uncertainty due to differing polarizations between the two samples, the measurement confirms the expected trend of increasing absorption with increasing Ho concentration. It is also known that higher concentrations of the Ho ion enhance cross relaxation processes, shortening the effective lifetimes of certain levels, and increasing the efficiency of energy transfer processes. In particular, we find evidence of a strong 5S2−5I4, 5I8−5I7 cross relaxation process, as reflected in the radical decrease in the observed fluorescent lifetime of the 5S2 level—from 280 μs in 1% Ho:BYF to about 16 μs in 10% Ho and to about 3.7 μs in a 20% sample. The lifetimes were determined by the standard 1/e method from time dependent fluorescence decay data detected with a 0.3 m monochromator, taking care to suppress any scattered light with an appropriate bandpass filter. This shortening of the 5S2 lifetime would not, however, affect the efficiency of the laser transitions initiated at this level, including the one at 1.4 μm, as long as the pump pulse is shorter than about 3 μs. For comparison, it was noted that, in Ho:YLF, the 5S2 lifetimes are considerably smaller than those measured in BYF (by factors of between 2 and 3) with a similar trend of substantial decrease in lifetime with increasing concentration. It is therefore expected that for gain switched pulses, using for example 532 nm excitation with Q-switched pulse durations of typically up to a few 10's of nanosecond, there would not be a substantial difference in laser performance between Ho:YLF and Ho:BYF for the cascade transitions of FIG. 1, at similar pump absorption strengths. However, for situations requiring longer pulse excitations, Ho:BYF offers a clear advantage, because of the longer lifetimes associated with all the intermediate levels. Longer pump pulses may be preferred, for example when higher energy storage is desired and/or coating damage limitations prescribe lower incident pump peak power densities.
It is further noted that time resolved fluorescence decay measurements of other intermediate levels in Ho:BYF revealed no significant lifetime quenching of either the 5I6 or 5I7 levels and only slight effect on the lifetime of the 5I5 level (less than 10% decrease) even for 20% Ho concentrations. Therefore the dynamic behavior of the 3.9 μm laser transition should directly reflect the behavior of the preceding transition from 5S2. The weak dependence of the intermediate 5I6 and 5I7 level lifetimes on the holmium concentration is similar to that referenced in the prior art invention to Anton (U.S. Pat. No. 5,070,507) for holmium-doped garnets such as YAG and GGG, except that the corresponding lifetimes in fluorides are generally higher. However, although use of high concentration Ho for the purpose of increasing absorption of a pump source was taught by Anton, this was done only in reference to pumping the 5I6 level with a Nd:YAG laser modified to emit near 1.1 μm, and demonstrating laser action on the 2.9 μm line by relying on energy transfer to a co-dopant such as Pr3+ to suppress the 5I7 lifetime and achieve inversion. More specifically, the measurements by Anton showed that incorporation of low concentrations of Pr could be used to eliminate self termination of the 5I6→5I7 transition near 3 μm in Ho-doped garnets. It was not however realized by Anton that higher concentrations of Ho can also have the very beneficial use of enhancing absorption to a preferred level and allowing access to practical wavelengths available from standard commercial sources. Neither was it understood by Anton that by taking advantage of cascade transitions, further flexibility in selecting and tuning the pump wavelength can be realized, thereby giving rise to a multiplicity of wavelengths that can all be generated from a single Ho-doped material. It should be further pointed out that the present invention does not rely on a co-dopant, as the preferred embodiment employs pulsed pumping with short pulse durations which circumvent self-termination of the transitions of interest, including those shown in FIG. 1 as well as alternative transitions, such as the 5I6→5I7 near 2.9 that will be described further below. As will also be described below, in another embodiment, long pulse pumping is employed but laser action is sustained by employing sufficiently high power densities. The possibility of applying such principles to a three-level laser transition was clearly not anticipated by Anton. The present invention does not, however, preclude use of a co-dopant for the purpose of selectively quenching lower level lifetimes and permitting scaling of the laser repetition rates, as long as conventional, commercially available, pump laser sources can be utilized to provide the excitation. Therefore, a common element to all the preferred embodiments of this invention, is that they result in a highly practical and cost effective infrared laser system that is also energy and power scalable.
Referring now to FIG. 3, a cavity layout for a 4 μm Ho:BYF laser is portrayed with resonant pumping provided by a laser source 10, comprising in a preferred embodiment, a Q-switched, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 μm. In this example, the laser cavity 12 consists of a 1 m radius of curvature input mirror 14, HR coated for reflection at 1.4 and 3.9 μm, and a flat output coupler 16 coated for high reflection at 1.4 μm and about 94% reflection at 3.9 μm. The 6 mm long (uncoated) Ho:BYF crystal 18 is placed near the output coupler 16. The gain material 18 was end-pumped with 20 nsec long pulses at a repetition rate of 10 Hz. Also shown in FIG. 3 is a half-wave plate/polarizer combination 20 which could be used to continuously vary the pump energy, and a second halfwave plate 22 which allows optimal alignment of the pump polarization with respect to the crystal axis. A 3 mm long pass filter 24 was used to isolate the 3.9 μm radiation.
Lasing at 1.4 μm for the foregoing example was readily achieved with a low threshold of less than 1 mJ absorbed pump energy. Threshold for cascade lasing at 3.9 μm was reached at approximately 5 mJ of absorbed (10 mJ incident) pump energy at 532 μm. FIG. 4 shows a plot of the measured output energy at 3.9 μm as a function of absorbed 532 nm pump energy. As the plot indicates, a maximum output energy of 2.6 mJ was achieved at an absorbed pump energy of 30 mJ. This corresponds to a slope efficiency of 10.4% or a quantum efficiency of ˜76.5%, which is near theoretical values.
These results are remarkable, given that the laser cavity of FIG. 3 does not represent an optimal arrangement, as neither the infrared coatings nor mode matching were fully optimized. Also since the crystal was not coated, Fresnel losses lowered the efficiency. It should therefore be realized that better, higher performance optics and coatings as well as fabrication of longer crystals to obtain still more pump absorption would further improve the overall efficiency of the infrared laser. A green laser pump source with longer pulses (preferably 100's of nanoseconds to a few microseconds) would be especially advantageous in reducing the risk of damage to the mirror coatings and allowing scaling to much higher output energies from end-pumped cavity designs. Principles of the method and system of this embodiment could therefore lead to a practical, energy scalable, short pulse laser at IR wavelengths not available from any other directly emitting solid state laser. The laser can be construed as a downconverter for standard pulsed green lasers, with an energy scaling potential limited primarily by coating damage.
The principal limitation of the laser of FIG. 1 is that repetition rates are constrained by the lifetime of the 5I6 level to less than about 100 Hz. It may, however, be possible to utilize a suitable co-dopant to quench the lower level lifetime, thereby allowing corresponding extention of the repetition rate. It should threrefore be understood that inclusion of co-dopant for the purpose of scaling the repetition rates of a 3.9 μm laser falls within the scope of the present invention. A further advantage of the system of FIG. 1 is that laser designs can be constructed that also provide for efficient laser action at 1.4 μm, a wavelength which has several important applications including medical telecommunications and in eyesafe ranging and laser radar systems. Although the laser oscillator of FIG. 3 was not optimized for this wavelength, we estimate that slope efficiencies of up to 30% are feasible, making the embodiment of FIG. 1 an attractive option for generating this unique wavelength.
Many alternative designs of the 532 nm pumped 3.9 μm laser and/or 1.4 μm laser are possible, and fall under the scope of the present invention. These include alternative output coupling optics, using for example a dichroic prism to separate the two output wavelengths and side pumped configurations based on cavity designs that are known in the art. Although the preferred embodiment is described by reference to a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG as the pump laser, this should not be construed as limiting the domain of applicability of the invention. In particular, a number of other pulsed green laser sources can be advantageousely utilized to provide the pump radiation, including, but not limited to, frequency-doubled Nd:YALO and Nd:YVO4. Further increases in the Ho concentration to beyond 20% are also feasible, and will likely result in still greater absorption. There is however a trade-off against the 5S2 lifetime which places an upper limit on desirable Ho concentration for a given pump pulse duration, and such trade-offs should be taken into account in designing a practical laser system based on high concentration Ho doped fluoride materials.
While the cascade process depicted in FIG. 1 represents an attractive option for generating 3.9 μm radiation, some losses due to competing non-radiative decay channels and possible cross relaxation processes cannot be avoided, especially when materials with very high Ho concentration are utilized. The most efficient method for lasing the 3.9 μm transition is therefore to populate the 5I5 level directly without exciting the higher lying levels. Accordingly, there is shown in FIG. 5 another preferred embodiment of the invention, whereby radiation tuned to approximately 890 nm corresponding to the 5I8→5I5 excitation is used to directly pump the upper level of the 5I5→5I6 transition. This pump wavelength is attractive because it corresponds to existing tunable solid state lasers such as Ti:sapphire and Cr:LiSAF, and also matches the output available from high power laser diode arrays. The primary limitation to this approach is the relatively low absorption cross section near the 890 nm transition. However, by going to increasingly higher Ho concentrations, the absorption length can be considerably increased. To illustrate the available absorption strength near 890 nm, FIG. 6 shows the absorption spectrum for (a) 10% and (b) 20% Ho:BYF in this spectral region. The absorption length derived from these measurements is about 0.5 cm−1 for the 10% Ho, increasing to about 1 cm−1 for the 20% doped material. Thus , for a 1 cm long 20% Ho:BYF crystal, over 67% of the incident light intensity at 890 mn is absorbed.
In a preferred embodiment corresponding to the scheme depicted in FIG. 5, the 890 nm excitation source has a long pulse but is capable of delivering enough energy during the pulse to exceed the saturation density of the gain material by a substantial factor.
As long as the repetition rate is smaller than the inverse of the lower state lifetime, lasting conditions can be realized such that the upper laser level is directly and continuousely populated to achieve and maintain inversion throughout the pump pulse duration.
Thereby achieving and maintaining inversion throughout the pump pulse duration. In this manner of operation, stimulated emission can be created and sustained even from levels lacking sufficiently long fluorescence lifetimes relative to a lower laser level. These are important considerations for situations when long pulse pumping is desired as a way to lower the incident peak power thereby reducing the risk of optical damage to coatings. Peak power damage thresholds are known to be smaller for mid-infrared coatings and damage can become an especially significant issue in end-pumped configurations, where sensitive dichroic coatings are typically employed. On the other hand, longer pump pulse durations reduce the available peak power, so the long pulse pump source must be capable of delivering enough energy per pulse to overcome the threshold as (as defined by saturation power density) by at least a factor of 5 to 10, thus sustaining laser operation. Since saturation power density is inversely proportional to the level lifetime, and the 5I6 lifetime is relatively short—only about 40 μs in 10% Ho:BYF—the saturation power density for the 5I5→5I6 transition is estimated to be as high as 100 kW/cm2. Therefore narrow-band pumping with a long (10's of microseconds) pulse require a source scalable to correspondingly high energies. Flashlamp-pumped Cr:liSAF is one such source, as it can deliver well over 0.5 J with a beam quality that is good enough to allow focusing to small spot, thus achieving the requisite power densities within the gain material.
FIG. 7 is a schematic for a 3.9 μm Ho:BYF laser end-pumped at a wavelength of 890 nm. As shown in FIG. 7, the pump laser 40 comprises, in a preferred embodiment, a Cr:LiSAF laser which is operated in a free running mode with a pulse duration of approximately 50 μs. In this mode, the pulse format typically consists of a series of relaxation oscillations, with beam quality that is several times the diffraction limit. Also shown in FIG. 7 are optics 42 to couple and focus the 890 nm radiation into the Ho:BYF rod 44, which in this illustrative example was approximately 2 cm long, giving about 67% absorption. On one input end, the Ho:BYF crystal coating 45 is applied to transmit the 890 nm beam while providing high reflection at 3.9 μm. The rod on this end had a weak curvature of about 1 m in this example. An output coupler 46 is also shown which preferably has a reflectivity typically between 95 and 99% at 3.9 μm. A longpass filter 48 is placed at the output end to suppress radiation below 3.2 μm. The output energy at 3.9 μm was measured with a fast HCT detector.
FIG. 8 shows plots of the measured output energy at 3.9 μm as a function of absorbed 890 nm pump energy for the 10% at two output mirror reflectivities and for the two polarizations of the 20% Ho:BYF, each at 95% reflectivity. As the Figure shows, output energies of over 20 mJ were measured for the a 20% Ho:BYF sample, corresponding to 4.7% slope efficiency. It is noted that the HR coatings used in this experiment were of poor quality. It is projected that better quality coatings and more optimized cavity designs could produce 3.9 μm energies in excess of 50 mJ and slope efficencies approaching 10%.
In alternative embodiments of the system of FIG. 5 other 890 nm pump lasers could be utilized including other Cr-doped lasers, Ti:sapphire (lamp or laser-pumped), or high power diode laser arrays. Of these, the latter is highly attractive because of the high efficiencies available from semiconductor lasers. However, diode laser arrays with high power densities (approaching 1 kW/cm2) would be required, assuming pulse durations on the order of 100 ms. Diodes with higher brightness and more output power are expected to become commercially available in the near-term making diode pumping of the 3.9 μm transition feasible.
FIG. 9 shows a number of options for producing radiation at 2.9 μm from Ho-doped fluorides using the principles described in this invention. For example, cavity coatings can be selected to generate 2.9 μm laser pulses as the third wavelength in the 1.4 and 3.9 mm cascade sequence produced by pumping the 5S2 level at or mean 532 nm. Other coatings can be used to produce alternative cascades, including the three line transitions at 2.37, 3.9 and and 2.9 μm. Still different optics would allow radiation at 2.9 μm to be produced directly using, for example, the same 890 nm long pulse pump employed in demonstrating 3.9 μm lasing. Alternatively a 1.2 μm pump could be employed to directly excite the 5I6 level. Available lasers at this wavelength include Raman fiber lasers (which can be tuned to a resonance and are now becoming available with high powers and brightness) tunable fosterite laser, which may be tuned to a close resonance with the absorption peak mean 1.2 μm.
While the invention has been described, discosed, illustrated and shown in various terms of certain embodiments or modifications which it has presumed in practice, the scope of the invention is not intended to be, nor should it be deemed to be, limited thereby and such other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved especially as they fall within the breadth and scope of the claims here appended.
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|University Of Central Florida
|Multi-wavelengths infrared laser
|Esterowitz, Long-Wavelength Stimulated Emission Via Cascade Laser Action in HO:YLF, Appl Phys. Lett 35(3), Aug. 1, 1979, pp. 236-238.
|Long-Wavelength Stimulated Emission Emission Via Cascade Laser Action in Ho;YLF, L. Esterowitz, et al., Applied Physics Lett. 35(3)Aug. 17, 99, pp. 236-239.
|Three Wavelength Laser Emission in Ho; YLF Via Sequential Cascade, R. C. Eckardt, eta l., Agency for Defense Development, pp. 380-382.
|Wiley, Laser Action at 3577 a in Proton-Beam-Pumped AR-N2Mistures, Appl Phys, Lett.35(3), Aug. 1, 1979, pp. 239-.
|Citing Patent
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|Method and apparatus for producing an eye-safe laser
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|Infra-red light source including a raman shifter
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|System and method for generating infrared light for use in medical procedures
|Feb 5, 2009
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|Broadband or mid-infrared fiber light sources
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|System and method for voice control of medical devices
|Aug 18, 2008
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|Raydiance, Inc.
|Systems and methods for controlling a pulsed laser by combining laser signals
|Jul 19, 2006
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|Automated polarization correction
|Oct 27, 2008
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|Active tuning of temporal dispersion in an ultrashort pulse laser system
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|Methods and systems for trimming circuits
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|Dispersion compensation in a chirped pulse amplification system
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|Intelligent laser interlock system
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|Raydiance, Inc.
|Portable optical ablation system
|Jan 12, 2012
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|Feb 1, 2011
|Dec 31, 2013
|Raydiance, Inc.
|Static phase mask for high-order spectral phase control in a hybrid chirped pulse amplifier system
|Jan 25, 2013
|Mar 11, 2014
|Omni Medsci, Inc.
|Broadband or mid-infrared fiber light sources
|Jun 25, 2012
|Mar 25, 2014
|Omni Medsci, Inc.
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|Mar 13, 2013
|Jun 24, 2014
|Foro Energy, Inc.
|Methods for enhancing the efficiency of creating a borehole using high power laser systems
|Jun 10, 2013
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|Omni Medsci, Inc.
|System and method for voice control of medical devices
|Apr 13, 2012
|Dec 30, 2014
|Raydiance, Inc.
|Methods and systems for trimming circuits
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|Foro Energy, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for delivering high power laser energy over long distances
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|Raydiance, Inc.
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|Jun 30, 2015
|Omni Medsci, Inc.
|Laser-based method and system for selectively processing target tissue material in a patient and optical catheter assembly for use therein
|Feb 21, 2014
|Jul 7, 2015
|Omni Medsci, Inc.
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|Sep 16, 2011
|Sep 1, 2015
|Coherent, Inc.
|Singulation of layered materials using selectively variable laser output
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|Sep 8, 2015
|Raydiance, Inc.
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|Omni Medsci, Inc.
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|Omni Medsci, Inc.
|Broadband or mid-infrared fiber light sources
|Dec 17, 2013
|Nov 15, 2016
|Omni Medsci, Inc.
|Near-infrared lasers for non-invasive monitoring of glucose, ketones, HBA1C, and other blood constituents
|Dec 17, 2013
|Nov 22, 2016
|Omni Medsci, Inc.
|Short-wave infrared super-continuum lasers for natural gas leak detection, exploration, and other active remote sensing applications
|Dec 17, 2013
|Nov 22, 2016
|Omni Medsci, Inc.
|Short-wave infrared super-continuum lasers for early detection of dental caries
|Oct 6, 2015
|May 16, 2017
|Omni Medsci, Inc.
|Short-wave infrared super-continuum lasers for detecting counterfeit or illicit drugs and pharmaceutical process control
|Aug 26, 2016
|Aug 8, 2017
|Omni Medsci, Inc.
|Broadband or mid-infrared fiber light sources
|Nov 21, 2016
|Sep 12, 2017
|Omni Medsci, Inc.
|Short-wave infrared super-continuum lasers for early detection of dental caries
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|Sep 26, 2017
|Omni Medsci, Inc.
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|Nov 21, 2016
|Oct 24, 2017
|Omni Medsci, Inc.
|Short-wave infrared super-continuum lasers for natural gas leak detection, exploration, and other active remote sensing applications
|May 19, 2004
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|Controlling pulse energy of an optical amplifier by controlling pump diode current
|May 19, 2004
|Mar 24, 2005
|Richard Stoltz
|Enabling or blocking the emission of an ablation beam based on color of target
|Oct 1, 2004
|Apr 7, 2005
|Richard Stoltz
|Semiconductor manufacturing using optical ablation
|Aug 11, 2004
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|Richard Stoltz
|Man-portable optical ablation system
|Aug 11, 2004
|Aug 4, 2005
|Richard Stoltz
|Controlling pulse energy of an optical amplifier by controlling pump diode current
|Feb 8, 2005
|Sep 8, 2005
|Jeff Bullington
|Semiconductor-type processing for solid-state lasers
|Mar 15, 2005
|Sep 29, 2005
|Francisco-Jose Lopez-Hernandez
|Light source device
|Feb 13, 2005
|Sep 29, 2005
|Michael Mielke
|Method of generating an ultra-short pulse using a high-frequency ring oscillator
|Aug 11, 2004
|Mar 23, 2006
|Richard Stoltz
|Ablative material removal with a preset removal rate or volume or depth
|Apr 22, 2005
|Jun 15, 2006
|Brennan James F Iii
|Bragg fibers in systems for the generation of high peak power light
|Jan 23, 2006
|Jul 27, 2006
|Tabirian Anna M
|Method and apparatus for producing an eye-safe laser
|Sep 22, 2005
|Mar 22, 2007
|Brennan James Francis Iii
|Wavelength-stabilized pump diodes for pumping gain media in an ultrashort pulsed laser system
|Nov 16, 2005
|May 17, 2007
|Raydiance, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for optical isolation in high power fiber-optic systems
|Feb 5, 2009
|Aug 13, 2009
|Omni Sciences, Inc.
|Broadband or Mid-Infrared Fiber Light Sources
|Apr 1, 2011
|Jul 21, 2011
|Cheetah Omni, Llc
|System and method for voice control of medical devices
|U.S. Classification
|372/4, 372/22, 372/62, 372/23, 372/41
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Dec 6, 2006
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|May 10, 2007
|Surcharge for late payment
|May 10, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Nov 19, 2010
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Nov 13, 2014
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Well with the passage of time as the fashion trends have been changing up the fashion of bridal high heel shoes 2014 is becoming quite popular and famous among the brides. We all know that just like the clothing trends for the bridal wear there are many changed that have been captured in the bridal shoes too. Bridal shoes are set in the two categories of high heel shoes and flat shoes. Today majority of the brides are finding their great sum of interest inside the bridal high heel shoes that makes their overall personality impressive looking for others.
Fashion Of Bridal High Heel Shoes 2014
There are many brands that are coming ahead inside the fashion market with some of the superb collections based on the high heel shoes. Talking about the bridal high heel shoes you will mainly going to capture it in the simple designs plus little bit embellishments over top if it. Some of the high heel shoes are adorned with the stones, motifs, beads and pearls. Hence as you will going to get some of the bridal high heel shoes then in most of them you will be defining the simplicity flavors in it as well. For the readers here we will be sharing some of the gorgeous images of fashion of bridal high heel shoes 2014. With the help of these images you will be able to make your favorite choice of bridal high heel shoes as well.
You can get it in varieties of color shades that range from both the bold colors as well soft color combinations too. You should be choosing with the high heel shoes that make you feel relaxed and comfortable at the time of walk. So stop thinking and choose the wonderful bridal high heel shoes right now!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Super 8 Moncton is offering 80 tastefully furnished rooms to those seeking accommodation in Moncton. The exact equipment and the exact list of available services of Super 8 Moncton can be read on the information sheet below.
Payment Depeding on the selected room, date and price, you may be asked to provide credit card guarantee or to pay by credit card in advance.
Arrival, opening hours English is spoken by the personnel.
Super 8 Moncton rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Hairdryer, Tea/coffee-maker


text:
VideoHive Great Thinkers 2350972
After Effects Project \ Openers \ Corporate
After Effects Project - Great Thinkers 2350972 by MotionRevolver @ VideoHive
After Effects Project \ Openers \ Corporate
After Effects Version: CS3, CS4, CS5; File Size: 241.5mb; Requires Plugins: No; Resolution: 1920x1080.
With 10 text placeholders and 10 video/image placeholders, Great Thinkers gives you the flexibility to create an elegant presentation or show open. The project is fully customizable, which allows you to use any color combinations or fonts, and the project's modular design makes creating your own custom animation extremely easy.
A detailed video tutorial is included to help you through the customization process.
Project Highlights.
- 10 Pre-Built Quote/Text placeholders
- 10 Pre-Built Video/Image placeholders
- Fully customizable! Easily change the colors and fonts
- No Stress! The project comes with a video tutorial which helps guide you through the customization of the project
- Works with After Effects CS3 , CS4, CS5 , CS5.5 and CS6
- No 3rd-party plugins required
- Any resolution! Comps are set up to render at HD1080 , HD720, WS486 and SD480
Music and stock footage are not included in the project.
Download the soundtrack from the preview
Download the free font
Other MotionRevolver Projects You Might Like.
Keywords: business, clean, corporate, elegant, modern, placeholder, presentation, presenter, quotation, quotes, technology, text, thinkers, type, video.
Download Link


text:
So if I'm reading this correctly, Washington fans are calling for Mike Shanahan to replace Robert Griffin III? Wasn't he The Chosen One less than a year ago? Seems to me that his offensive line is more to blame for the 49ers 27-6 win tonight than he is. But what do I know?
Colin Kaepernick threw three TD passes and SF held RGIII to 127 yards passing … and in addition, Aldon Smith gave the Washington QB an early Christmas gift.
"Michael Corleone says hello!"
Robert Griffin III got kicked in the junk: pic.twitter.com/QuwSG7MoxC
— Will Brinson (@WillBrinson) November 26, 2013
Robert Griffin gets kicked in the Bin Ladens #sports http://t.co/TgAUn2HxNR
— Sports for You (@sportsforyou) November 26, 2013
Here's the replay … um, no, wait …
Washington rushes to get their second field goal of the night. #DunkinReplay #mnf https://t.co/ED8h6RvpsY
— Dunkin' Donuts (@DunkinDonuts) November 26, 2013
And RGIII's post-game press conference didn't seem to go smoothly, according to some. I think it went fine, and he handled himself well.
RGIII can no longer call out teammates in press conferences, so now he's getting snippy w/ reporters, who are asking reasonable questions.
— Dan Krupinsky (@krupy4445) November 26, 2013


text:
Hotel & Resort Management
Curriculum Requirements
As a student in this program, you are required to complete a minimum of 63 credit hours with a grade point average of no lower than C (2.0). For this degree program, you must successfully complete the following:
- ENG 101 Composition I
- ENG 102 Introduction to Literature
- COM 100 Human Communication OR COM 110 Public Speaking OR COM 115 Interpersonal Communication
- SPN 140 Occupational Spanish
Social Science
- ECO 100 Survey of Economics OR ECO 210 Principles of Macroeconomics* OR ECO 211 Principles of Microeconomics
- 3 credit hours of Social Science Electives
Mathematics and/or Science
- MAT 121 Introductory Statistics I
- 3 credit hours of Mathematics Electives and/or Science Electives
Computer Science
- 3 credit hours of CSC Electives
- ACC 101 Principles of Financial Accounting
- BUS 123 Business Communications
- HOS 230 Hospitality Law
Hotel and Resort Management
- HOS 101 Principles of Hotel and Resort Management
- HOS 130 Introduction to Food and Beverage
- HOS 135 Rooms Division Management
- HOS 205 Principles of Food Production
- HOS 210 Hospitality Computer Applications
- HOS 220 Hospitality Marketing and Sales
- HOS 225 Meeting Planning and Conference Management
- HTM 250 Hotel and Resort Management Internship
Health/Physical Education
- 2 credit hours of Health/Physical Education (HPE) Electives
* Students planning to pursue a bachelor of science degree in hotel management should take ECO 210 Principles of Macroeconomics.
SUNY General Education Electives
For information on which courses fulfill SUNY General Education Electives and for information on transferring to a four-year school, visit www.flcc.edu/academics/transfer-guidelines.


text:
Taylor Swift gives $250G to Kesha to aid contract fight
Taylor Swift last night gave a quarter million dollars to fellow pop star Kesha, as she battles to get out of a contract with Dr. Luke, whom she has accused of sexually assaulting her.
"Taylor Swift has just generously donated $250,000 to Kesha, as a show of support during this difficult time. AMAZING!!" tweeted the "Tik Tok" singer's mom, Pebe Sebert.
"A persons wealth is not measured by what they have but by WHO they they help with it. And Taylor Swift is a truly RICH PERSON. Thank you," she continued.
"Most important for Kesha, is that these beautiful, powerful women are standing behind her, letting the world see how powerful the truth is!"
More at FoxNews.com.


text:
This is the book which featured Honda which is a Japanese vehicle maker.
This feature is a catalog of all Honda car.
Caution:This book is Japanese.
Discontinued App
Rate it!
News & Magazines | Android
Productivity |
Business | iPhone, iPad
Productivity | iPhone, iPad
Version: 5.0
Size: 41.66 MB
Price: 6,99 €
Developed by KOSAIDO
Day of release: 0000-00-0
Books & Reference |


text:
After a news conference on Monday introducing Jimmy Fallon as the next host of the 12:35 a.m. "Late Night" series, Ben Silverman, the co-chairman of NBC Entertainment, acknowledged that the changing late-night landscape at the network would probably mean that Jay Leno would leave it.
Asked about the prospect that NBC would be able to keep Mr. Leno after his contract expires in January 2010, with Conan O'Brien having taken over his spot on the "Tonight" show, Mr. Silverman said NBC was going to do everything it could to find something that would induce Mr. Leno to stay but that it was unlikely that it would succeed. "I think it's a reach," Mr. Silverman said.
The news conference was about NBC's definite plan for its late-night future, which now includes Mr. Fallon. That new host revealed just how far back his association with late-night comedy goes: age 5.
"In my kindergarten yearbook I was chosen most likely to take over for David Letterman," he said, adding, "My principal was Nostradamus."
The anecdote (except for the Nostradamus part) is true; Mr. Fallon offered to produce the yearbook (from St. Mary of the Snow School in Saugerties, N.Y.) as evidence. What is also true is that he will be taking the job once held by Mr. Letterman and currently occupied by Mr. O'Brien, who will replace Mr. Leno in June 2009.
The start date for Mr. Fallon is not yet set but will most likely be about the same time Mr. O'Brien makes his transition, said Lorne Michaels, the NBC late-night executive who gave Mr. O'Brien the job 15 years ago, and who picked Mr. Fallon. Noting that the new host would experience growing pains just as the current one did, Mr. Michaels compared the job to a 12-round fight, saying Mr. Fallon would survive "if he's still standing after eight rounds." Mr. Michaels added that Mr. Fallon was qualified because of his work ethic, his likability and his sense of humor, and the absence of some qualities that undo other comedians: "Two things tend to be in the DNA of comics — the need to top the other person, and a kind of ennui or depression. Jimmy doesn't have those things."Continue reading the main story
The show will add an executive producer soon and a writing staff. Then Mr. Fallon will tape some tryout shows, Mr. Michaels said. Mr. Fallon said: "I talked to Jay Leno. He said, 'Just give them content. Get good writers. All my money is going to writers.' "
Both Mr. Michaels and Mr. Fallon said they recognized the move's significance for a comic. "There is no other job after this," Mr. Michaels said.
Mr. Fallon said Jerry Seinfeld had made the same point. "He told me: 'If you're going to do this job, that's all you do. It's the pope job.' "Continue reading the main story


text:
Readers' Advisory Service Award
Presented by ILA Reference Services Forum and the Adult Reading Round Table
This award recognizes excellence in the planning, development and delivery of readers' advisory service to adults and teens and has been created in accordance with the mission statement of the Adult Reading Round Table: "to promote readers' advisory skills and reading for pleasure through libraries." Readers' advisory is the ability to connect readers with materials that will satisfy their desire for something to read for pleasure.
The award is offered annually to individual ILA members, ILA member libraries and departments or groups within ILA member institutions. Nominees do not have to be a member of the Reference Services Forum. Applications should be submitted to the ILA awards committee. The recipient will be selected by a subcommittee of the ARRT Steering Committee and Reference Services Forum. The Adult Reading Round Table is committed to promoting the award and soliciting nominations.
Nominees must demonstrate one or more of the following:
Development of specialized or innovative programs or services;
Active participation in professional organizations (at the local, state, or national level), including the planning and presentation of programs and/or workshops designed to enhance the quality of readers' advisory service;
Influence and/or cooperation with persons and organizations within the local community to encourage reading and discussion;
Publication of books and/or articles that promote high quality readers' advisory service and offer methods for strengthening readers' advisory skills;
Participation in research projects that contribute to the knowledge and expertise of readers' advisory practitioners.
Recipient will receive a certificate and a $200 financial award.
Nomination Deadline
May 15


text:
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
72.20 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the Accommodation
Rooms, services Hanoi Tirant Hotel Hanoi would be glad to host you for a memorable journey in Vietnam. The hotel is offering 80 tastefully furnished rooms to those seeking accommodation in Hanoi. The hotel is happy to have you in the restaurant for a hearty lunch or a romantic dinner. If necessary, parking is available nearby. If you are curious to discover the highlights of the area, you may also rent a car or take an organized city tour nearby. Diving and boat rental opportunities will also be available nearby to help you spend your leisure time actively. Should you want to do sports while you are on travel, you may also take the services offered by the gym. Airport transfer is provided upon preliminary request. The café and the bar are an ideal place to host a personal meeting or a pleasant evening talk. You can secure your valuables in the safe. In case you'd bring your laptop along, you may go online via wireless Internet connection (WiFi) available at the hotel. The exact scope of services offered by Hanoi Tirant Hotel Hanoi (including those for an extra fee) is available on the information sheet below.
Payment Depeding on the selected room, date and price, you may be asked to provide credit card guarantee or to pay by credit card in advance.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest time of check-in is 14:00, the latest time of check-out is 12:00. You will be able to speak with the personnel in Vietnamese and English languages.
Hanoi Tirant Hotel Hanoi rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
Relaxation: Fitness
Organized sightseeing nearby, Car rental nearby, Scuba diving nearby, Boat rental nearby
- Hairdresser's parlour
- Pool (Outdoor - seasonally open)
Default services: Garden, Bar, Cafe, Elevator, Safe deposit box, Roof garden
Airport transfer
Own restaurant
Bathrobe, Hairdryer, Desk in the room, Mini-bar, Tea/coffee-maker


text:
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services The guests of One Aguascalientes Sur Aguascalientes may stay in a nicely furnished, comfortable room in Aguascalientes. You are also welcome at the hotel for a fine local meal in the restaurant. The café provides a nice atmosphere for a romantic evening talk or a personal meeting. To learn more about the exact range of services of One Aguascalientes Sur Aguascalientes (including services for an extra fee) and the exact equipment of the rooms, please check the information sheet below.
Payment Credit card guarantee or advance bank card payment may be required for the reservation, depending on the chosen room, date and price.
Arrival, opening hours The personnel of the hotel can speak in Spanish and English with you.
One Aguascalientes Sur Aguascalientes rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Cafe, Elevator
Own restaurant


text:
Birds Designer Rolled Address Labels (5 designs)
Let these pretty birds perch on your envelopes to give your correspondence a touch of springtime all year long. These self-stick labels come in 5 different rotating bird designs and include a handy clear plastic dispenser. 3/4" x 2 1/2".
- Sets of 250 or 500
Specify block or script
Specify up to 4 lines, up to 28 characters and spaces each
If you have selected script font, you must use upper and lower case letters. Do NOT use all caps.
Shipped individually, please allow 2-3 weeks for delivery unless otherwise noted.
Express and 2nd Day shipping is NOT available on Rolled Address Labels
Write Your Own Review


text:
Office 365 @ UNCG
Microsoft Office 365 provides enhancements, cost-savings and convenience
- Free to all UNCG students, faculty, and staff
- Access to web and desktop apps
- Use new tools like OneDrive
Office 365 is the cloud-based Microsoft productivity suite that provides access to Office applications (like Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and OneNote) and other productivity services. Information Technology Services (ITS) has made Office 365 available to all UNCG students, faculty and staff, which provides feature enhancements, cost-savings and convenience advantages for the UNCG community.
"Office Online," web-based, online versions of the Microsoft Office suite, can be accessed via web browsers at office365.uncg.edu. UNCG's Office 365 subscription service also permits UNCG students, faculty and staff to download and install "Office Desktop versions," full desktop versions of the Microsoft Office suite. The current desktop version is Office 2016 for Windows and Macs. Use the download link for your operating system at the top of this page to get the installer.
Office 365 Benefits
- Access to Office Online ("web apps"). These online versions of commonly used Microsoft software (including Word, Excel, PowerPoint and OneNote) allow you to work in a web browser without installing the desktop versions. While not as fully featured as the desktop versions, these web applications offer most of the functionality our students, faculty and staff need for typical use.
- All students have access to install full Office Desktop versions of Office products on up to 5 desktop and 5 mobile devices at no charge, helping our students save money. Previously, only graduate assistants and students who purchased their laptops through the Student Laptop Program were eligible for Microsoft Office licenses through UNCG.
- All faculty and staff have access to install full Office Desktop versions of Office products on up to 5 desktops, 5 phones, and 5 tablets at no charge, saving employees and departments both time and money. Previously, faculty and staff who needed to install software for "work at home" on non-University devices had to pay a small media charge (<$10) to obtain the installation disks, and only 3 installations were allowed.
- Access to new software and services. Office 365 includes access to tools not previously supported at UNCG, such as OneDrive, a web-based storage offering that provides every UNCG user with one terabyte of space. OneDrive will allow you to store and share Office 365 files with people inside and outside UNCG, and is configured as a 1-Lock storage service (see Data Classification Policy for UNCG). Office 365 also provides potential integration with other services such as Lync (chat and video conferencing) and Skype. The investigation of integrations with other services is ongoing.


text:
I can honestly say that I've lived my whole life without ever eating out of a food truck. Really!! If you follow my blog, you know I'm vegetarian. I make almost all my own food from scratch. Also, food trucks just aren't in my day-to-day neighborhood. But they are so neat to look at! Sometimes when I go to Washington D.C. (one of my favorite things to do!), I see rows and rows of food trucks lined up. My husband and I like to walk slowly by them and see their menus. Last time we did this, we were shocked at how "upscale" the food truck industry had become!
We even saw a food truck that had vegan only food! Wowser. The price at all these food trucks reflected that the food was upscale, too. LOL. That's Washington for you, right?
Tasty Trucks
I was excited to see in that the Sale-a-bration catalog this year had the adorable stamp set called "Tasty Trucks." The stamp set is cute, but it also reminds me of my visits with my husband to browse the museums in D.C., so the stamp set makes me happy. This stamp set is free with any $50 order, which is awesome too, right? I love getting free things in the mail.
This card is the first one I made with the stamp set. Of course, I had to make it a cup cake truck. Are there really cup cake trucks? Better I don't know….There's a business idea that would make a fortune…
I was excited when I flipped through my paper and found the "Pop of Pink" DSP. The little good speckles look just like sprinkles! I had to make it work for the card!
The Details
To make the card, I started with Shimmery White card stock because I knew I wanted to watercolor. I then embossed the truck image in copper. I like copper because it has a bit of pink in it and I like pink. Pink is good, right? After embossing, I cut out the truck and watercolored it using my brand new Watercolor pencils and Aqua Painter. So much fun!
I added some gold foil paper behind the Pop of Pink layer. Looks so cool in real life! Not sure if the picture does all the shininess justice. I then added more gold with the gold ribbon (also for free!). I'm going to have stock up on that gold and silver ribbon. Not only is it gorgeous, it has a nice hand to it and just feels good.
Behind the truck there is some linen thread and gold thread, to give the card a bit of interest and layers.
I hope you enjoy this truck as I do! Now I want some cupcakes. That's the only drawback to the stamp set. I guess it's no surprise I made tacos for dinner last night. I've got food trucks on my mind!
Supplies Used:
Stamps: Tasty Trucks
Paper: Pop of Pink, Shimmery White, Whisper White, Gold Foil, Melon Mambo
Other: Copper embossing Powder, Watercolor Markers, Aqua Painter, Gold Thread, Linen Thread, Versamark
Click here to place an order. I love my customers 🙂 You will get a class tutorial via email, as well as a hand stamped card. If your order is less than $150, please use hostess code RVJET46W. If it's more than $150, please leave the hostess code field blank.


text:
GraphicRiver Geek Emo Logo 8494464
Logo Template \ Humans
Vector \ Simple \ Editable \ Design \ Included \ Please \ Imperator \ Dafont
Logo Template - Geek Emo Logo 8494464 by HZZL @ GraphicRiver
Logo Template \ Humans
- A great and simple logo
- Editable and resizeable vector files
- Editable text and color
- Included AI and EPS
- The free font used in the design is : http://www.dafont.com/imperator.font
- Please rate it if you like it, thank you!
Layered: No; Graphics Files Included: Vector EPS, AI Illustrator; Resolution: Resizable; Minimum Adobe CS Version: CS.
Elizabeth Logo; Merlin Logo; Wizard Logo; Florist Logo; Guard Logo; Gorgeous Logo; Xeppo Logo.
Keywords: art, boy, brand, business, clothing, club, community, company, cool, corporation, creative, design, emo hair, geek, glasses, human, modern, nerd, rock, simple, studio, vector.
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MOD Police Committee: independent members and guidance
- From:
- Ministry of Defence
- Part of:
- MOD Police Committee: documents
- Published:
- 22 April 2014
- Last updated:
- 2 October 2017, see all updates
Membership list of independent members of the Ministry of Defence Police Committee and guidance documents.
Members of the MOD Police Committee
MOD Police Committee independent members: code of conduct
PDF, 74.9KB, 12 pages
Membership list of the members of the MOD Police Committee and guidance with regards to code of conduct and register of interests.
Related information
Document information
Published: 22 April 2014
Updated: 2 October 2017
- Published updated list of members of the MOD police committee.
- Added updated MOD Police Committe membership list.
- Updated the Register of interests.
- Added updated register of interests.
- Updated register of interests document.
- Added updated list of committee members.
- First published.
From: Ministry of Defence
Part of: MOD Police Committee: documents


text:
Skin Care Products We Carry
You can extend the benefits of your Thermae experience by using home care products. Your Thermae skin specialist will design a customized, at-home, skin care regime from an extensive selection of products that address your skin's needs, maintain the benefits of treatments and help you continue to look and feel your best. Here are a list of products we are proud to carry:
Dermalogica™ is the skin care system researched and developed by The International Dermal Institute.
Zo Skin Health Inc.
Invisipeel by Zo Skin Health Inc.


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My Trackers
my Nutrition
my Fitness
my Weight
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Stream hundreds of free workout videos and track them in one click. Get fit at home, at work or wherever you are!
Today's Featured Video:
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Access hundreds of thousands of recipes that are healthy and easy to make. Get full nutrition info for every recipe and track with one click!
Today's Featured Recipe:
Empty-the-Pantry Stew
Visit SparkRecipes.com
Secrets of Success
MSBOOTCAMP's Blogs
Check this out: Cottage Cheese 'Ice Cream' - Protein!
Tuesday, November 13, 2012 6 comments
The guy in this video recommends making this for a nutritious bedtime snack. The casein in cottage cheese (and in milk) keeps you from getting hungry during the night.
zkzhcpTDg5s I'...
Read more
Now wearing size 8 slacks. Just. : )
Friday, November 02, 2012 12 comments
So, I guess it's been the past 2 or 3 months I was happily wearing size 10 slacks. At first they fit great. Then, awhile ago, the penny started to drop. "These are too big!" I know, I know! This is a GOOD thing! So last night, ...
Read more
No big news to report... coming up for air
Friday, October 26, 2012 5 comments
Just writing to say I don't have much to report. Have just been trying to keep going and stay afloat. Had a good session with a personal trainer last week, then I traveled. OH! I guess I DID have some news, about my first aerial yoga...
Read more
Didn't I Post Another Blog Entry??
Tuesday, September 18, 2012 4 comments
Isn't there an entry missing here?? I could "swear" I posted once since 14 September. Hmmm......
Read more
Join interactive "30-DAY CHALLENGES" website!!
Friday, September 14, 2012 6 comments
This kind of cool "30-day challenges" website was coded by a 20-year old in the UK(!) Looks like fun for those of us who enjoy "a certain kind" of GEEKY fun... Main link:
30daychallenges.net/ The one that first ...
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Squeeze in a workout at work?
Thursday, September 13, 2012 4 comments
At work today, so far, I've done 50 jumping jacks, 10 push-ups and 10 squats. All I want is an iPhone app that lets you track just these three: JACKS, PUSH UPS, SQUATS....
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Today counts! First day of the rest of our lives
Tuesday, September 11, 2012 9 comments
On the island of Kauai, this day in 2001, I was in shock, but already on my way to a windsurf lesson with Celeste Harvel of Windsurf Kauai. Instead of cancelling, Celeste and I moved our lesson to that afternoon. The memory reminds me ...
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Can't Resist This: Spas Around the World
Tuesday, September 04, 2012 5 comments
Hi Everybody! Found this on twitter! All I need, every now and then, is one closer to home. ; ) Want to Spa Your Way Around the World? Check This List Across 5 Continents - from We Blog The World (blog)
ow.ly/1Ou3B7 ...
Read more
Passed my fitness minutes' goal for the whole year! Heyyy!!
Monday, July 23, 2012 15 comments
It's now 23 July and I've passed the 7200-mark for fitness minutes for this year. Guess I'll just sit on my butt from now through 31 December. BUT SERIOUSLY... I've got kettlebells and TRX combo tonight, and an adult group VOLLEYBALL ...
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What a workout. What a day!! : )
Wednesday, July 18, 2012 11 comments
Up and out early to "get stuff done." Checked today's workout schedule and saw my circuit strength class! Since I had a less than exhausting workout last night, decided to GO FOR IT! After other early meetings and calls, I arrived lik...
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Down 2 more pounds! And eating my fave carbs!
Wednesday, July 18, 2012 13 comments
This is short, for now. Lost two more pounds, about which I'm relieved. Yesterday I finished the last of really tasty, WHOLE WHEAT couscous I made at home. I'm feeling better about figuring out portions of my favourite carbs! ...
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Post-Killer Workout:( Can still feel my legs, but... Part II!
Wednesday, July 04, 2012 7 comments
THE TRICKY THING about last night's "body sculpting" class is that the instructor seemed like a really, really "nice" guy. Dude didn't "bark" or anything! How deceptive. ...
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Post-Killer Workout:( Can still feel my legs, but...
Wednesday, July 04, 2012 3 comments
I'm so exhausted, this isn't going to be long. I'll try to add more tomorrow. Suffice it to say, tonight I finally tried this class I waited a week to go to. Not sure just how SORE I'm going to be tomorrow. Honestly, I tried not to ove...
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"Skate of the Nation" 2012: Skating alongside elite skaters
Monday, June 25, 2012 9 comments
Saturday, 23 June, was a unique and fun sports experience for me! I heard about this skate event and decided to register. I LOVE participatory, recreational sports, and can't get enough. Only this time, I thought this was "just" a comm...
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Do you WEIGH food? My "3.5 dry oz" whole grain pasta
Wednesday, June 20, 2012 7 comments
Hi again, Sparkfriends! Answer is YES YES YES, for sure, I bent over backwards weighing that pasta yesterday! Seems like that is the "secret" to successfully having pasta on your plate, and NOT your hips! Pasta box recommended one...
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Saint Anthony's Guide to Great Joy
Hey. Good Morning :) Feeling gloomy. No worries. I am a Writer. My writing heals the soul. In your spare time you may read my self-help document
|Related Link: Click here to visit item owner's website (1 hit)
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Last Update : Dec 22, 2016
Number of Views: 58
|Item Owner : Anthony Sewell
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|Friendly reminder: Click here to read some tips.


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If you are searching for PEC 5th, 8th grade roll number slips 2017 then from this page you will PEC Punjab Board 5th, 8th class roll number slips 2017 download online easily by a single click. This mounting educational web page has been updated for PEC 2017 roll number slips for 5th and 8th class according to the officials of PEC. So you are suggested to read out this entire page carefully so that you can get all related information about your primary and middle grade examinations 2017 beside your roll number slip. Punjab Examination Commission PEC conducts examinations from 5th and 8th class students which are enrolled with governmental schools or private schools. Each candidate has to register for PEC examinations with their district wise Cluster Training Support Center (CTSC). CTSC make register a student with PEC and PEC issue roll number slips to all register candidates at their schools or prescribed addresses. These roll number slips show the candidate name, his or her father name, candidate's examination roll number and the PEC exams center. You are also hereby informed that candidates you should keep your roll number slip in your hand while entering in the PEC 5th or 8th class examination center. Without roll number slip the officials of PEC will not allow any candidate to sit in exams center.
PEC Punjab Board 5th, 8th Class Roll Number Slips 2017 Download Online
About PEC
Punjab Examination commission PEC was established in 2005 and take exam for 5th and 8th class in 2006 first time. Before the constitution of PEC the Director Public Instructions (DPI) was an authority which was responsible for conducting exams from five and eight class students. DPI conducts exams only from governmental schools in Punjab Province. DPI was rebuilt and rename as PEC in 2005 for facing the new educational activities and syllabus for 5th and 8th class form the schools located in Punjab Province. Since the time of its establishment the PEC every year arrange examinations from grade V and Grade VIII.
PEC Punjab Board 5th, 8th Class Roll Number Slips 2017: Coming Soon
Click here for Download Online PEC 5th Class Roll Number Slip 2017
Click here for Download Online PEC 8th Class Roll Number Slip 2017
Well candidates you are informed that the PEC conduct 5th and 8th class examinations in the month of February every year and the roll number slips are dispatched about one month before the examinations. The PEC Punjab board 5th, 8th class roll number slips 2017 will be uploaded here on this page as soon as the officials issue it and you can easily download online your roll number slip through the link given above.


text:
Original paper
Petrogenesis and age dating of continental Mesozoic basalts, Um Bogma area, Sinai, Egypt
Abou El Maaty, Mostafa A.; Ali-Bik, Mohamed W.; Sadek, Mohamed F.
Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen Band 188 Heft 2 (2011), p. 199 - 210
published: Apr 1, 2011
ArtNo. ESP154018802009, Price: 29.00 €
Numerous small Mesozoic basaltic outcrops in the form of plugs, sills, dykes and lava flows intrude and overlie the Carboniferous sandstone (CSS) in the Um Bogma area, west central Sinai. They represent sporadic small-scale fissure-fed eruptions along deep detachment faults over a period of about 65 Ma, encompassing two main volcanic phases (243-233 Ma and 199-178 Ma). The petrogenesis and the results obtained from K-Ar dating of these outcrops at Wadi Mokattab (WM) and Wadi Baba (WB) are discussed. The radiometric data records a new volcanic event in Sinai at 199 ± 3 Ma and substantiates the age of a previously known basaltic phase at about 182 Ma. Geochemically, these volcanic rocks pertain to the low P2O5-TiO2 (LPT) transitional basalts of mainly tholeitic affinity. They display a limited compositional range with the absence of more felsic varieties, suggesting equilibrium crystallization sequences rather than fractional crystallization as the dominant fractionation mechanism. Simulation of equilibrium crystallization processes and evolution trajectories of these basalts have been modeled. Phase equilibrium calculations demonstrate an earlier olivine over-saturation stage followed by a sub-cotectic (olivine + plagioclase) interval in the least evolved varieties of WM basalts. In the WB basalts, plagioclase is the first crystallized phase, followed by a cotectic (plagioclase + olivine) stage.
petrogenesis • k-ar dating • mesozoic • basalt • um bogma


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
110.29 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services The guests of Hotel Meierhof Triesen may stay in 43 nicely furnished, comfortable rooms in Triesen. In case you ever feel like eating in, you may taste delicious local dishes in the restaurant of the hotel. Parking is availably nearby for those arriving by car. Bike rental, bowling, billiard, minigolf, diving, sailing, surfing and boat rental opportunities will also be available nearby to help you spend your leisure time actively. Should you want to do sports while you are on travel, you may also take the services offered by the gym. The bar has excellent atmosphere for a relaxed evening talk or a personal meeting. Your valuables can be the safely secured in the safe. You can also bring your laptop for the holiday, for there is wireless Internet connection (WiFi) available at the hotel. You can find the exact list of services provided by Hotel Meierhof Triesen (including those for extra fees) and the exact equipment of the rooms on the information sheet below.
Payment Depeding on the selected room, date and price, you may be asked to provide credit card guarantee or to pay by credit card in advance.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest time to arrive is 14:00, the latest time to leave the rooms is 12:00. The personnel of the hotel can speak with you in English and German languages.
Hotel Meierhof Triesen rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
Relaxation: Fitness, Billiard, Minigolf, Bowling, Bike rental at the accommodation
Scuba diving nearby, Sailing nearby, Surfing nearby, Boat rental nearby
- Finnish sauna
Pet friendly, Bar, Elevator, Safe deposit box
Own restaurant
Bathrobe, Hairdryer, Desk in the room, Mini-bar, Tea/coffee-maker
General Policies
On Saturday and Sunday: 7:00 - 22:30


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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] Under the unique direction of Patrizia Carmine, this full movie with audio in Italian (original language) was premiered in 2013. This movie, whose libretto belongs to Francesco Maria Piave, is an original production of Italy. You can watch La traviata: Melodramma in tre atti online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in Italian at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2013.
Rating: 5 by 10 users./
Runtime: 149 minutes
Diana Damrau, Giuseppina Piunti, Mara Zampieri, Piotr Beczala, Zeljko Lucic, Antonio Coriano, Roberto Accurso, Andrea Porta, Andrea Mastroni, Nicola Pamio, Ernesto Petti, Ernesto Panariello, Orchestra e Coro del Teatro alla Scala and Daniele Gatti.
Drama, Musical.
149-minute film (full movie) directed by Patrizia Carmine.
The original audio of La traviata: Melodramma in tre atti has dialogues in or Italian, it was produced in Italy.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2013.
Screenplay written by Francesco Maria Piave.
This film was produced and / or financed by NHK, Arte and RAI Radiotelevisione Italiana.
Arte, NHK BS Premium and Rai 5.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie La traviata: Melodramma in tre atti has a duration of 149 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in English or Italian in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, La traviata: Melodramma in tre atti in FULLTV Movies.


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Posted 24 Jul 2015
Link to this post
We are using your components for data validation of external data where data might be wrong.
We use DatePickers a lot and we need to set the MinDate and MaxDate when users correct values.
Sometimes the dates is out of range. At the moment I have set the SkipMinMaxDateValidationOnServer="true", but the date is changed when displaying it to min date if the date is below min date. This confuses the users since they don't know the original value of the date and when they see it on the screen they think it is correct and can't understand why the system is complaining about the date since it seems to be within the allowed range.
Is it possible to keep the original value, but display the nice "waring" symbol instead ?
As a "not so nice" workaround at the moment we need to adjust the min date to the invalid date so that the date is not changed.
Ole Oscar Johnsen
Posted 29 Jul 2015
Link to this post
Posted 18 Aug 2015
in reply to
Maria Ilieva
Link to this post
The main senario is data validation of transactions where other system gives us wrong data since they don't validate the data correctly/don't have validation at all. The data is given mainly through web services or files. We do a extensive validation of these data based on incoming data and/or data already in our systems. If we find some problems with the data we displays it in exception lists and some have to correct/make a decision based on the data. It is big amount of data and often it is approx < 5% of exceptions. In these situations we don't want to reject all data, only correct the exceptions. Often the invalid data is wrong dates. A very simple case is for example that we know that a person was employed on a specific date, but now the other system tells us that payment date is before the employment rate. Often this is because of someone in the other system has changed something so it is invalid.
And then back to the datepicker. If we use MinDate and MaxDate and we set the MinDate to "Employment Date" for payment date and since the payment date is earlier than EmploymentDate it will not be displayed in the DatePicker. The date will be empty with the result that the user can't see the the original value that is not correct according to min date.
Ole Oscar Johnsen
Posted 21 Aug 2015
Link to this post
Posted 26 Aug 2015
in reply to
Maria Ilieva
Link to this post
In SP1 there is a new feature Disabling Autocorrect in RadDateInput. Will this one help in this scenario.
Posted 31 Aug 2015
Link to this post
In your document
There is something mention about this.
Disabling Autocorrect in RadDateInput
The Date picker uses the RadDateInput so i think it will be possible to use it in the DatePicker to. Do you have any information on what this "Disabling of Autocorrect" will do ?
If this one does the works it will be much easier to use this one instead of implementing the OnError logic in code behind on every DatePicker in the application.
Posted 02 Sep 2015
Link to this post


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So... are the 65m lines in O'Toole Park not actually at 65m? Or in Parnell? From memory, O'TP 65m lines always seemed to me to be 2-3m apart. Therefore, an overall length of 132-133m. PP 65m lines seemed about 8-10m apart, suggesting a pitch length of 138-140m long.O'Toole Park does look quite wide, but is that not because it's more open?St Vincent's main pitch must be one of the biggest also? Nh Mearnog's?
I am indeed. Only played one challenge game this year as I got injured in it. Waiting on the comeback.
Still a young lad at heart!
Alfie Byrne, Thomas Davis and the all weather in Abbotstown are all huge. Grass pitches id have Clonshaugh, Fingallians and Towers Monastery road pitch.
On the small side id have the bogies, Finnians S pitch in Rivervalley and for some reason Peregrines main pitch
Sure you are only a young fella! Colly Clinton is still playing for us!


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LOUIS W. FOR A.P.C. F/W '14 COLLECTIONAn endless quest by designer Louis W. to put forth timeless leather jackets has afforded numerous collections under his name in conjunction with A.P.C. This forthcoming fall/winter season is no different. Putting his mark on the French label once again, the two unite for another arrangement of jackets, which as per usual, lives up to expectations.
Yielding a very cinematic range that takes its inspiration from British and French black and white films of the 50s and 60s, the seven-piece offering includes classic styles characterized by fine detailing, with the noted silhouette coming in the form of the Fernand jacket--an updated version of the popular Ferris. Shop the collection HERE.


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When thinking about your aging process, if you are moved to be emotional, be emotional and then let it go. Don't mull over it. Aging can be tough, and tears will happen. Make a big effort to just move on to the next thing in your amazing life. This will help keep you positive and motivated.
When aging, there is nothing more important than your personal health. If you feel good, consider what you have been doing and find ways to continue the momentum. If you feel mediocre, look for ways you can personally improve your health. If you feel sick, seek help and do so right away.
TIP! To keep wrinkles away, stop frowning. Believe it or not, it's the truth.
To slow down the aging process, do some aerobic exercise everyday mixed with occasional light weight training. Numerous scientific studies have shown that exercise improves muscle strength, stamina, bone density and balance. As these four things deteriorate with age, regular exercise could help keep your body in good condition well into your 80s and beyond.
One of the hardest things to manage for the person who is aging and for those around him or her is dementia. If someone you love, has dementia be as patient as possible with them. Often, they don't know the severity of their own condition. To help your own spirits, take their dementia as a mercy, as it must be hard to die having all your memories intact.
TIP! A large part of healthy aging is forming lasting, caring relationships with others. Participating in community activities has been shown to increase lifespan.
You want to remain fit when you get older not only in your body, but also in your mind. One way to do that is to exercise your brain through puzzles and such. These mentally stimulating games will keep your brain focused and active, which could strengthen brain cells and possibly create new ones. When you get older, it is important to know who you are and what you like.
When you focus on what you like, and keep things around you positive, you accent the good things you have going in your life, and will not allow any negative emotions or situations to bring you down.
TIP! Be sure to keep learning new things and this will keep your mind working. As you get older, you get wiser so the saying goes; keep your intelligence sharp.
Take a computer course or have someone teach you the basics of the internet. It can take you places that you may never see in your life. It is like a vacation or a journey that you can take from the comfort of your own home. There are so many things that you will learn while on the internet.
One main factor that shortens our life is the quantity of sugar we consume. Sugar will significantly reduce your lifespan, and it is a direct cause of aging. Refined sugar should be avoided as much as possible, including foods that contain high fructose corn syrup, basically just another unhealthy sugar. Research has shown that sugar significantly shortens the lifespan of all animals.
TIP! If want to remain healthy as you age, the best thing you can do is to never stop learning. It is important to always learn through life.
As you age, your skin needs more care since it is aging also. When outdoors, you need to protect your skin from the harmful rays emitted by the sun. You should apply a sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) which is at least a 15.
Spending too much time in the sun without proper sun protection can also lead to those unwanted, dark age spots which are associated with aging skin. Don't stand still as aging changes the way you look and feel.
Do what you can to fight back! Now that you've read this article, you're armed with advice that will help you deal with whatever the aging process throws at you. You won't need to feel helpless against aging anymore.
Work From Home – CLICK NOW to Get Started


text:
Original paper
Three new combinations in Rhizochaete (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) and a new record to the Brazilian Amazonia
Chikowski, Renata S.; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Gibertoni, Tatiana B.
Nova Hedwigia Band 102 Heft 1-2 (2016), p. 185 - 196
published: Feb 1, 2016
DOI: 10.1127/nova_hedwigia/2015/0298
ArtNo. ESP050010201009, Price: 29.00 €
During field expeditions in the Atlantic Rain Forest, Caatinga and Cerrado in Brazil and revision of material deposited in Herbarium URM, sulphurous yellow basidiomata of Corticium sulphurosum were found. Subsequent morphological study of basidiomata and molecular analyses indicated that this species is congeneric with Rhizochaete, as well as Ceraceomyces sulphurinus and C. violascens, and the new combinations R. sulphurosa, R. sulphurina and R. violascens are proposed. Additionally, R. filamentosa is reported as new to the Brazilian Amazonia. A key to the species of Rhizochaete is provided.
its • corticioid fungi • taxonomy • nlsu • new combinations


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The BrokeAndBroker.com Blog has frequently covered stories involving spoofed emails that are sent to banks and brokerage firms. Sometimes the recipien... Read On
A FINRA regulatory settlement presents the case of a CEO, CCO, and FINOP who was fined and suspended for classifying his personal expenses and busines... Read On
RIP Malcolm Young of AC/DCClever Stipulation In FINRA Expungement Arbitration http://www.brokeandbroker.com/3675/finra-expungement-arbitration/Be... Read On
Before you initiate a FINRA expungement arbitration
based upon alleged defamation, carefully -- and I mean very, very
carefully -- consider that you... Read On
In a recent FINRA Acceptance, Waiver & Consent ("AWC") regulatory settlement, a registered person is barred after voluntarily resigning . If you r... Read On
Many laws, rules, and regulations were apparently drafted by folks with a warped sense of humor and a penchant for irony. I say that because much of w... Read On
Here we go again. FINRA, that staunch protector of Wall Street's honor and integrity, has fined and suspended an individual for submitting multiple bo... Read On


text: All the best for your trip. Few inputs - I did Indore - Pune-Bangalore-Vellore tour two years ago with one night halt at Satara and returned via Pune-Mumbai (break at Mumbai). It was 3600 kms total. The return leg roads were good and you will be probably taking the same route. I faced problem of tyre puncture on Pune-Mumbai expressway during an earlier trip (by Indica), probably due to heating on concrete road. Another problem is of PUC certificate. In MP, we don't see the PUC vans / centres and people usually don't have it and no one asks. But when they enter Maharashtra, police catches them. Anyways, a new car is exempted for the first year.


text:
On Target For All
Pickaway County Sportsmen, Inc. is a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting and encouraging a safe and enjoyable shooting environment through the education of its members and the community. We support individuals and organizations in their efforts to conserve our natural resources for future generations. We accomplish our mission through our youths.


text:
February 1, 2013 BY John Kim
Next weekend Jordan Brand will release the Air Jordan 1 and Jordan Melo M9 'BHM' capsule which circles around the colors and atmosphere of the Borough of Brooklyn. Featuring a grey, reflective upper with Volt and Photo Blue accents, this Air Jordan 1 certainly has a loud mix of colors that we haven't seen since the Air Jordan 1 Doernbecher. Social Status is beginning to stock these now and you can certainly expect them to make them available next week, so check out these new photos below and let us know which Air Jordan 1 has a brighter colorway than the upcoming BHM!
Air Jordan 1 "BHM"
Black/Volt-Photo Blue-White
Filed under: Air Jordan Upcoming Sneakers


text:
Performer Info.
- Ethnicity:: white
- Height:: 5'5" - 5'9"
- Hair Length:: long
- Weight:: 100 - 115 lbs
- Breast Size:: big
- Build:: athletic
- Screen Name:: MsBlondySQUIRT
- Eye Color:: green
- Hair Color:: blonde
- Sexpref:: bisexual
- Sex:: female
BioHi ! I am a sexy young women looking for some fun . Love to be watched , meet new people , stay in touch with my friends and get naughty . I have a lot to offer in my private shows from posing to playing naughty !!!
Turn onI love sex !!!First is depend from my mood i like wild and lovely fantasies and i like Smart guys,romantic evenings and nice surprises,people who knows how to enjoy the life and have a sense of humor :
Turn offRude ppl! Who come to my private chat and not say Hello To Me and when exit not say bye ! . .