text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Sep 28, 1999
|Filing date
|Oct 1, 1998
|Priority date
|Dec 18, 1996
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Mikhail Boukhny
|Original Assignee
|Alcon Laboratories, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (33), Referenced by (16), Classifications (14), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/959,948, filed Oct. 29, 1997, which is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/769,257, filed Dec. 18, 1996, and now U.S. Pat. No. 5,808,396.
This invention relates to an apparatus and method for controlling an ultrasonic device and more particularly an ophthalmic phacoemulsification handpiece.
A typical ultrasonic surgical device suitable for ophthalmic procedures consists of an ultrasonically driven handpiece, an attached hollow cutting tip, an irrigating sleeve and an electronic control console. The handpiece assembly is attached to the control console by an electric cable and flexible tubings. Through the electric cable, the console varies the power level transmitted by the handpiece to the attached cutting tip and the flexible tubings supply irrigation fluid to and draw aspiration fluid from the eye through the handpiece assembly.
The operative part of the handpiece is a centrally located, hollow resonating bar or horn directly attached to a set of piezoelectric crystals. The crystals supply the required ultrasonic vibration needed to drive both the horn and the attached cutting tip during phacoemulsification and are controlled by the console. The crystal/horn assembly is suspended within the hollow body or shell of the handpiece at its nodal points by relatively inflexible mountings. The handpiece body terminates in a reduced diameter portion or nosecone at the body's distal end. The nosecone is externally threaded to accept the irrigation sleeve. Likewise, the horn bore is internally threaded at its distal end to receive the external threads of the cutting tip. The irrigation sleeve also has an internally threaded bore that is screwed onto the external threads of the nosecone. The cutting tip is adjusted so that the tip projects only a predetermined amount past the open end of the irrigating sleeve. Ultrasonic handpieces and cutting tips are more fully described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,589,363; 4,223,676; 4,246,902; 4,493,694; 4,515,583; 4,589,415; 4,609,368; 4,869,715; and 4,922,902, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
When used to perform phacoemulsification, the ends of the cutting tip and irrigating sleeve are inserted into a small incision of predetermined width in the cornea, sclera, or other location in the eye tissue in order to gain access to the anterior chamber of the eye. The cutting tip is ultrasonically vibrated along its longitudinal axis within the irrigating sleeve by the crystal-driven ultrasonic horn, thereby emulsifying upon contact the selected tissue in situ. The hollow bore of the cutting tip communicates with the bore in the horn that in turn communicates with the aspiration line from the handpiece to the console. A reduced pressure or vacuum source in the console draws or aspirates the emulsified tissue from the eye through the open end of the cutting tip, the bore of the cutting tip, the horn bore, and the aspiration line and into a collection device. The aspiration of emulsified tissue is aided by a saline flushing solution or irrigant that is injected into the surgical site through the small annular gap between the inside surface of the irrigating sleeve and the outside surface of the cutting tip.
The horn assembly, including both piezoelectric and high endurance limit inert materials, used in ultrasonic handpieces must be carefully tuned for proper operation. As used herein, "tuning" refers to the process of finding and tracking the resonant frequencies of the handpiece operating under loaded or unloaded conditions. Operating the handpiece at a resonant frequency takes advantage of the crystal's energy storage capabilities, which occurs most efficiently at resonance. With proper tuning, the handpiece will store mechanical energy while operating unloaded and release this energy into the material being cut when loaded. As a consequence, for short periods of time, large amounts of energy can be directed into the material by the handpiece itself and not by the power source for the handpiece. This allows the power source to be designed to provide only the steady state power requirement of the transducer and not the loaded transients which can be many times higher.
Conventional tuning and control systems determine the series and parallel resonant frequencies under a controlled loading condition, often in water, before the handpiece is subjected to loads encountered during surgery. The handpiece is excited over a range of frequencies, one frequency at a time. The response of the handpiece to each frequency, measured as the admittance (the ratio of the drive current to the drive voltage), is recorded. A typical admittance versus frequency relationship of a typical handpiece in this relatively lightly loaded pre-surgery condition is illustrated in FIG. 1. The maximum recorded admittance (Ys) corresponds to the series resonance (fs) and the minimum admittance (Yp) corresponds to the parallel resonance (fp). Driving the handpiece with a power signal at the series resonance results in the most efficient conversion of electrical to mechanical energy.
However, when the handpiece is mechanically loaded, as during surgery, the shape of the admittance versus frequency curve changes and thus the characteristic series and parallel resonant frequencies change. Curve "A" in FIG. 2 represents the characteristic admittance versus frequency curve shown in FIG. 1 for a lightly loaded handpiece. Curve "B" represents, for example, the admittance v. frequency curve when the same handpiece is mechanically loaded. As can be seen, curve "B" has shifted right (fs,B >fs,A) and the maximum admittance of curve "B" is lower than the maximum admittance of curve "A," and the minimum admittance of curve "B" is higher than the minimum admittance of curve "A." Certain mechanical loading conditions can also shift curve "A" toward lower frequencies (to the left).
Curve "C" represents the admittance v. frequency curve for the same handpiece when the temperature of the crystal within the handpiece has increased somewhat over room temperate. Curve "C" has shifted generally upward and leftward (i.e., higher admittance and lower frequency values) relative to curve "A." If the power signal were delivered to the handpiece at the originally determined series resonance, for example, the efficiency of the power signal drops off dramatically. Thus, subjecting the handpiece to loading without adjusting the frequency of the power signal reduces the efficiency of the power signal.
One approach to tuning a handpiece in real time during surgery employs using a power signal at a frequency that is the average of the series and parallel resonant frequencies in the relatively unloaded pre-surgery condition and adjusts the frequency of the power signal so that a constant admittance is maintained. This type of system is more fully described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,431,664 ("the '664 patent"), which is incorporated by reference. Briefly, systems of this type tune the handpiece based on a constant admittance value (Y0), which is determined as the average of the maximum and minimum admittances by the equation ##EQU1## (Some commercially available constant-admittance control systems fix Y0 at a point other than the average, for example, Y0 =0.3Ys +0.7Yp). As the handpiece is loaded under many types of conditions, the admittance v. frequency curve shifts along the frequency axis. Such a shift is shown, for example, by curve "A" and curve "B" in FIG. 2, with curve "B" representing a possible response of a handpiece to mass reactive loading. The control system described in the '664 patent adjusts the frequency of the drive signal to maintain the admittance at Y0.
While this type of tuning and control system is effective over a relatively broad range of loading conditions, the handpiece is never operated at the series resonance and thus some efficiency is lost. Moreover, shifts in the admittance versus frequency curves along the admittance axis, such as those shown by curve "C" in FIG. 2, may render this type of constant-admittance control system ineffective. The tuning admittance (Y0) is not found on any portion of curve "C," which may describe the response of a mechanically loaded and heated handpiece.
Control systems that adjust the drive frequency to coincide with the series resonance typically use phase locked loop circuits with very narrow tuning ranges. Thus, a need continues to exist for a method and control system capable of tuning an ultrasonic handpiece to its series resonance when the handpiece is subjected to widely varying load conditions.
The present invention improves upon prior art methods of tuning and controlling ultrasonic devices by exciting the handpiece with a drive signal having a substantially constant amplitude and a broad bandwidth and analyzing the response of the handpiece to determine its series and parallel resonances. In a tuning application of the present invention, the response of the handpiece to the calibration signal is measured and analyzed by a fast fourier transform digital signal processor, which determines the series and parallel resonances of the handpiece under the pre-surgery conditions. This information is fed to an existing conventional real-time control system of the handpiece to ensure an operating frequency appropriate for that handpiece and control system. This type of tuning application is useful for any type of handpiece control system whether the handpiece is driven at a frequency that is between the series and parallel resonance (as in the constant-admittance system described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,431,664) or driven at the series resonance.
The present invention may also be used for real-time control an of ultrasonic handpiece during a surgical procedure. In a first embodiment of a control system and method of tuning and controlling a handpiece, the handpiece may be tuned before the surgical procedure begins as described in connection with the tuning embodiment of the present invention. Alternatively, the value of the series may be assumed based on the specifications of the handpiece. Once the initial value of series resonance is determined, the system applies to the handpiece a drive signal that is preferably the sum of a calibration signal and a power signal. The calibration signal has a relatively broad bandwidth and a relatively low amplitude and the power signal is at a single frequency and a sufficiently high amplitude to drive the handpiece with sufficient stroke. Preferably, the power signal would be at the series resonance. In this first control embodiment, the calibration signal encompasses a very broad range of frequencies that includes all potential values of the series resonance and thus not require independent control of it.
Only the frequency of the power signal is adjusted based on the changing response to the constant calibration signal of the handpiece under surgical conditions. The adjustment of the power signal is accomplished by, for example, a fast Fourier transform digital signal processor. The processor measures the response of the handpiece to the calibration portion of the drive signal and applies proportional-integral-differential control logic to generate relevant control parameters that are incorporated into an appropriate control signal to adjust, for example, the frequency of the power signal. The proportional-integral-differential logic may be performed by the fast fourier transform digital signal processor (through appropriate programming of the processor) or by a discrete digital proportional-integral-differential control circuit.
This first control embodiment could alternatively be configured, however, such that the calibration signal has a somewhat narrower bandwidth than described above, and the center frequency of the calibration signal would be adjusted as the load on the handpiece affects its response. The adjustment to the calibration signal would be accomplished in much the same way as the adjustment to the power signal.
For both versions of this first control embodiment, the frequency of the power signal is filtered from the handpiece's response before the fast Fourier transform analysis is performed. This filtering step can be accomplished by suitable programming of the fast fourier transform digital signal processor or by a notch filter between the handpiece and the digital signal processor.
In a second embodiment of a control system and method according to the present invention, the handpiece may be tuned before the surgical procedure begins as described in connection with the tuning embodiment of the present invention. Alternatively, the value of the series may be assumed based on the specifications of the handpiece. Once the initial value of series resonance is determined, the system applies to the handpiece a multi-frequency drive signal having substantially constant amplitude but a narrower bandwidth than the initial calibration signal used during tuning. This broad-spectrum drive signal would be of sufficiently high amplitude to drive the handpiece with sufficient stroke (in contrast to the low amplitude calibration signal used in the initial tuning process). The bandwidth of the drive signal is narrower than that of the calibration signal used to tune the handpiece in order to avoid undesirable heating of the handpiece caused by the application of non-resonance energy. Preferably, such a drive signal would be centered approximately on the series resonance, which would maximize the efficiency of the drive signal. The bandwidth of the drive signal must also be broad enough to provide enough feedback to the control system to enable the control system to determine how the series resonance is changing. Of course, this center frequency would necessarily require adjustment as the series resonance changes to ensure that the signal remains centered approximately on the series resonance.
As in all embodiments described above, preferably a fast fourier transform digital signal processor is used to analyze the handpiece's response to the drive signal. Based on the analysis of response, the center frequency of the drive signal is adjusted so that it continually corresponds to the series resonance (although other frequencies may also be suitable). This adjustment is accomplished in much the same manner as is described above in connection with the adjustment of the frequency of the power signal in the first control embodiment.
It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide a tuning system that quickly and accurately measures the response of an ultrasonic handpiece before the handpiece is subjected to loads during use in surgery.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a control system and method obviating the need to perform a separate pre-surgery tuning procedure on the ultrasonic handpiece.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a control system and method that performs real-time analysis of the frequency response of a mechanically loaded ultrasonic handpiece in order to determine at least the series resonance and in some embodiments the parallel resonance of the handpiece under mechanically loaded conditions and to adjust continuously at least the frequency of the drive signal fed to the handpiece.
Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent with reference to the drawings, and the following description of the drawings and claims.
FIG. 1 is a graph of admittance versus frequency for a typical ultrasonic handpiece in the vicinity of the series and parallel resonances.
FIG. 2 a graph of admittance versus frequency illustrating the way in which the response of a typical ultrasonic handpiece may shift when the handpiece is subjected to mechanical and thermal loading.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a system and method for tuning a handpiece before a surgical procedure according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a system and method for tuning a handpiece before performing a surgical procedure and controlling the handpiece during the procedure according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a second embodiment of a system and method for tuning a handpiece before performing a surgical procedure and controlling the handpiece during the procedure according to the present invention.
The system and method of the present invention generally employs a broad-spectrum source to generate at least a component of the signal that drives an ultrasonic handpiece ("the drive signal"). For at least some systems according to the present invention, this broad-spectrum source is programmable and thus easily adjustable by varying certain input information fed to the source. However, other systems and methods according to the present invention may employ a fixed-spectrum source without difficulty. A fast fourier transform ("FFT") digital signal processor ("DSP") may be used to analyze the response of the handpiece to the broad-spectrum component of the drive signal. In real-time applications of the system and method of the present invention, the output of the FFT DSP is used to generate control parameters embodied within an appropriate feedback signal, which is fed to the circuitry generating the drive signal in order to alter aspects of the drive signal. The term "drive signal" as used here encompasses at least a signal useful solely for powering an ultrasonic handpiece, a signal useful solely for tuning or calibrating a handpiece, and a combination of such a power signal and such a tuning or calibration signal.
FIGS. 3-5 are block diagrams that illustrate three systems and methods according to the present invention for tuning and controlling an ultrasonic handpiece. FIG. 3 is a block diagram that illustrates a system and method for tuning a handpiece 20 before a surgical procedure is started. The operation of the system and performance of the method illustrated in FIG. 3 results in the determination of the characteristic response of handpiece 20 defined over a broad enough range to include the series and parallel resonances. Based on that response control parameters are generated which may be fed to the appropriate control circuitry in a conventional system for controlling handpiece 20 (which circuitry is not shown in FIG. 3).
A broad-spectrum source 10, which may be, for example, a programmable pink noise generator with an adjustable center frequency, bandwidth, and average amplitude is used in combination with an amplifier 12 to generate a drive signal 15. Drive signal 15 is preferably a signal having a bandwidth 16 that is sufficiently wide to encompass all potential values of the series and parallel resonances of handpiece 20 and a relatively constant amplitude over bandwidth 16. The bandwidth 16 of drive signal 15 may be defined as any portion of a spectrum from 25 kHz to 80 kHz, which is the operating spectrum for typical existing ultrasonic handpieces currently used in eye surgery. The inventor has found that approximately 100 Hz to 10,000 Hz is suitable as bandwidth 16 and that about 4,000 Hz is preferable. Such values of bandwidth 16 are broad enough to encompass virtually all potential values of fs and fp without being so broad that handpiece 20 is overheated by the application of non-resonance energy. Other ranges of bandwidths may be more appropriate for other ultrasonic applications, and the overall operation of the systems and methods described in this document would be equally useful for control of handpieces used in those applications.
Response signal 27 shown in FIG. 3 illustrates the actual voltage v. frequency response of handpiece 20 that is analyzed by FFT DSP 30. Admittance curve 25 is a representation of the admittance versus frequency relationship that may be exhibited by handpiece 20. After receiving drive signal 15 and response signal 27 as input (after perhaps each is attenuated to protect the input section of FFT DSP 30), FFT DSP 30 determines the shape of admittance curve 25 by calculating the ratio of response signal 27 to drive signal 15. Once admittance curve 25 is generated, FFT DSP 30 identifies series resonance fs and parallel resonance fp as the frequencies corresponding to the absolute maximum and minimum admittances respectively as shown on admittance curve 25. Based on the values of fs and fp, FFT DSP 30 generates appropriate feedback control loop parameters 40 suitable for use with the existing control system (not shown). FFT DSP 30 may also identify other control parameters such as, for example, the slope of admittance curve 25 between the series and parallel resonances.
FFT DSP 30 may be a multi-purpose, programmable processor of which commercial examples are available. For example, Stanford Research Systems at 1290-D Reamwood Avenue, Sunnyvale, Calif. 94089, currently sells two FFT DSP's, the Model SR760 and Model SR770 having a single input channel. Stanford Research markets a two-channel, FFT Signal Analyzer suitable for use as FFT DSP 150, the Model SR780. All these Stanford Research FFT DSP's have real-time bandwidths of at least 100 kHz and dynamic range of 90 dB and have fully programmable center frequency, bandwidth, analysis routines, and output. All three FFT DSP's are programmed by using the interface supplied (a series of menu-driven options shown on an integral display) or by using a separate computer able to output commands over a standard RS-232 or GPIB interface. The dual-input capability of the SR780 allows it to be programmed to perform mathematical comparisons between two input signals.
Thus, FFT DSP 30 may be configured to accept response signal 27 and drive signal 15 as input and generate either an analog or digital control signal embodying control parameters 40 which are suitable for transmission to the circuitry that controls the real-time drive signal that is fed to the handpiece during a surgical procedure. The system and method illustrated in FIG. 3 is useful for all types of conventional ultrasonic handpiece control systems, whether the system is, for example, a constant-admittance type system such as that shown in the '664 patent or a system in which the drive signal is set at the series resonance of the handpiece.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating one embodiment of a control system and method for tuning and controlling an ultrasonic handpiece in real time according to the present invention. Two sources are employed to generate drive signal 135, a broad-spectrum source 110 and a single frequency source 120 (e.g., a voltage controlled oscillator). Broad-spectrum source 110 generates a calibration signal 115 having a bandwidth 116 broad enough to encompass all potential values of the series and parallel resonances (fs and fp) of handpiece 20. Just as in the tuning embodiment shown in FIG. 3, bandwidth 116 could be any portion of a spectrum from about 25 kHz to 80 kHz, and a bandwidth 116 within the range of 100 Hz to 10,000 Hz is particularly suitable with about 4,000 Hz being preferable. Additionally, calibration signal 115 is of sufficiently low amplitude that it does not contribute significantly to handpiece heating. Single-frequency source 120 generates a power signal 125 having predominantly a single predetermined drive frequency fd (e.g., at the series resonance). The value of fd may be determined by tuning handpiece 20 as described in connection with FIG. 3, tuning handpiece 20 with a conventional method, or assuming the value of fd based on the specifications of handpiece 20. Additionally, power signal 125 has an amplitude substantially higher than the amplitude of calibration signal 115 and sufficiently high to effectively drive handpiece 20 under load conditions. Based on the dynamic range of current FFT DSP's, the ratio of the respective amplitudes power signal 125 and calibration signal could be as high as 90 dB. Ratios greater than 90 dB would mean that the response of handpiece 20 to calibration signal 115 would be too small to be measured by current FFT DSP's. However, a ratio of power signal 125 to calibration signal 115 of less than 10 dB would render calibration signal strong enough to drive handpiece 20 by itself, albeit in an inefficient manner because of most of the energy in such a signal would be non-resonance energy. A 20 dB to 40 dB ratio between the average amplitudes of power signal 125 and calibration signal 115 is preferable. The use of amplitude ratios within this range results in a sufficiently clean calibration signal and a high signal to noise ratio.
At least the frequency of single-frequency source 120 must be adjustable so that the control system may compensate for changes in the response of handpiece 20 caused by mechanical and thermal loading of handpiece 20. Broad-spectrum source 120 may also be programmable or otherwise adjustable so that the bandwidth, center frequency, and amplitude of calibration signal 115 may be adjusted based on appropriate input. Commercially available devices are available that are suitable for use as broad-spectrum source 110 and single-frequency source 120. Stanford Research Models SR770 and SR780 FFT Signal Analyzers include a source suitable for use as either broad-spectrum source 110 or single-frequency source 120. While the output of the SR770 or SR780 would typically require amplification to make it suitable for use as a power signal, the center frequency, bandwidth and relative amplitude of the output of this source are otherwise fully programmable.
Calibration signal 115 and power signal 125 are summed and amplified by amplifier 130 to generate drive signal 135, which is then fed to the handpiece 20. The response of handpiece 20 is shown as response signal 145, which is fed to one input channel of a two-channel FFT DSP 150 (e.g., the SR780). Drive signal 135 is fed to the other input channel of the two-channel FFT DSP 150. Drive signal 135 is fed to FFT DSP 150 rather than the sum of calibration signal 115 and power signal 125 to account for alterations in this sum introduced by amplifier 130 and inherently reflected in drive signal 135. Of course, it is possible that both drive signal 135 and response signal 145 may 135 require attenuation before being fed to FFT DSP 150 in order to prevent damage to FFT DSP 150.
FFT DSP 150 is programmed to determine admittance curve 25 by dividing response signal 145 by drive signal 135, a task that is easily accomplished by the Stanford Research SR780. After FFT DSP 150 determines the new value of fs (or the updated value for some other important characteristic of admittance curve 25), it may also be programmed to apply proportional-integral-differential ("PID") logic in order to generate control parameters embodied within control signal 160. Based on control signal 160, fd of single-frequency source 120 would be altered appropriately. The use of PID logic is the best way to prevent over-compensation of fd and to reduce the potential that unstable oscillations in fd are caused by the control system shown in FIG. 4. Moreover, well known control logic other than PID logic may also be used to adjust fd for changes in fs (or other parameters) depending upon the demands placed on the control system by the types of loading conditions likely encountered by handpiece 20. For example, the system may require only the use of proportional or proportional-integral control. The nature of PID and other control logic is well known in the art and thus not described further in this application.
However, the use of software implemented PID logic (within FFT DSP 150) may result in an unacceptable delay in the control system shown in FIG. 4. To avoid such delays, a special purpose, digital PID controller may be inserted in the control system at the output of FFT DSP 150. Such a digital PID controller would perform PID logic on the output of FFT DSP 150 and generate control signal 160. Such a PID controller may be any one of a number of commercially available integrated circuits or discrete components arranged in any one of many widely known configurations. Whether control signal 160 is generated by FFT DSP or a suitable digital PID controller, single-frequency source 120 preferably uses control signal 160 to adjust fd so that it corresponds to the newly discovered fs under load. The entire cycle is repeated to maintain fd at fs or another predetermined location in the characteristic response of the handpiece.
While not shown on FIG. 4, control signal 160 may also be fed to broad-spectrum source 110 in order to change one or more of the bandwidth, center frequency, or amplitude of calibration signal 115. In such an embodiment, bandwidth 116 of calibration signal 115 may be significantly narrower than the fixed-bandwidth embodiment described above (having a bandwidth of approximately from 100 to 10,000 Hz and preferably about 4,000 Hz). A bandwidth suitable for use in this type of control system may be defined by the following equation: bandwidth=A|fs -fp |, where "A" has a value of between approximately 0.1 and 10 and preferably between about 1.0 and 2.0. This range of bandwidths is sufficiently broad to ensure that fs is still encompassed within response signal 145. However, the bandwidth is also sufficiently narrow to prevent undesirable heating of the handpiece caused by driving it with non-resonance energy. Essentially, in this alternative of the control embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the entire drive signal 135 rater than only power signal 125 shifts along the frequency axis and bandwidth 116 is narrower than in the control embodiment of FIG. 4 described above.
The Stanford Research SR780 contains a programmable source that is sufficiently flexible to generate drive signal 135 (for both the broad- and narrow-spectrum drive signal 135 discussed above). Thus, the SR780 is capable of being programmed to provide drive signal 135, measure response signal 145, determine admittance curve 25 and the corresponding values of fs and fp (and other control parameters as required), and generate control signal 160 in order to alter drive signal 135 to compensate for a mechanical and/or thermal load encountered by the handpiece 20 in use.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a second embodiment of a control system and method for tuning and controlling an ultrasonic handpiece according to the present invention. Broad-spectrum source 210 in combination with amplifier 220 generates drive signal 215. Initial tuning of handpiece 20 nay be accomplished as described in connection with FIG. 3. Drive signal 215 has a substantially constant amplitude over a substantially continuous spectrum of frequencies that are approximately centered on a predetermined drive frequency fd. In a preferred embodiment of the invention and before handpiece 20 encounters a load of any type during surgery, fd would correspond to the series resonance fs of handpiece 20 under known conditions. The bandwidth 216 of drive signal 215 is substantially narrower than bandwidth 16 of drive signal 15 shown in FIG. 3, but bandwidth 216 is sufficiently broad to encompass the portion of the expected admittance versus frequency curve of handpiece 20 encompassing fs (values for fd other than fs may also be chosen but choosing fs to equal fd maximizes the efficiency with which handpiece 20 uses the power delivered to it). Just as described in connection with the alternative control embodiment shown in FIG. 3, the bandwidth may be defined by the equation: bandwidth=A|fs -fp |, where "A" has a value of between approximately 0.01 and 1 and preferably about 0.1.
FFT DSP 240 generates control signal 250 and FFT DSP 150 shown in FIG. 4 generates control signal 160 in a substantially similar manner. When, for example, a mechanical load is applied to handpiece 20 or when handpiece 20 warms somewhat above room temperature, response signal 225 of handpiece 20 may shift toward lower frequencies as shown in FIG. 5. That is, fs is less than fd even though the two were equal before any load was encountered by handpiece 20. The corresponding portion 26 of admittance curve 25 would be calculated by FFT DSP 240 as the ratio of response signal 225 to drive signal 215. Once portion 26 of admittance curve 25 is determined, FFT DSP 240 finds the new value of fs that corresponds to the maximum admittance in portion 26.
If fs has shifted so far that it no longer is present within portion 26 of admittance curve 25, then the slope of portion 26 could be used to determine the probable value of fs. A positive slope of portion 26 over its entire range would likely indicate that fs is greater than the highest frequency present in portion 26 of admittance curve 25. A negative slope of portion 26 over its entire range would likely indicate that fs is less than the lowest frequency present in portion 26.
Whether fs is located within portion 26 of admittance curve 25 or not, PID logic is used to temper the way in which fd is adjusted. The application of PID logic in the control system shown in FIG. 5 is substantially the same as that described in connection with the system shown in FIG. 4. The PID logic may be implemented by either FFT DSP 240 or in a separate, special purpose, digital PID circuit (not shown).
While certain embodiments of the present invention have been described above, these descriptions are given for purposes of illustration and explanation. Variations, changes, modifications and departures from the systems and methods disclosed above may be adopted without departure from the scope or spirit of the present invention which, in sum, employs a broad-spectrum source to supply at least a component of the drive signal for an ultrasonic handpiece and uses the response of the handpiece to that drive signal as a means of tuning the handpiece or compensating for changes in the operating characteristics of the handpiece while in use or both.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 9, 1974
|Jun 22, 1976
|The Birtcher Corporation
|Uncomplicated load-adapting electrosurgical cutting generator
|Jan 21, 1977
|Nov 21, 1978
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Electrosurgical unit
|Mar 17, 1978
|May 22, 1979
|Fibra-Sonics, Inc.
|Device and method for measuring and indicating the true power supplied to an ultrasonic handpiece and for recording the accumulative power applied to the handpiece
|Mar 15, 1977
|Dec 25, 1979
|Fibra-Sonics, Inc.
|Device and method for applying precise irrigation, aspiration, medication, ultrasonic power and dwell time to biotissue for surgery and treatment
|Apr 9, 1980
|Jan 31, 1984
|Peyman Gholam A
|Combined ultrasonic emulsifier and mechanical cutter for surgery
|Sep 30, 1982
|Aug 20, 1985
|Cabot Medical Corporation
|Ultrasonic medical instrument
|Jul 5, 1985
|Jan 27, 1987
|Litton Systems, Inc.
|Tunable, dielectric-resonator-stabilized oscillator and method of tuning same
|Jun 21, 1985
|Feb 10, 1987
|Sono-Tek Corporation
|Ultrasonic transducer drive circuit
|Jul 15, 1986
|Oct 27, 1987
|Gassler Herbert
|Device to operate a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer
|Sep 28, 1987
|Feb 28, 1989
|Kulicke And Soffa Indusries, Inc.
|Automatic tuning system for ultrasonic generators
|Dec 16, 1987
|May 8, 1990
|Valleylab, Inc.
|Method for removing cellular material with endoscopic ultrasonic aspirator
|Nov 4, 1988
|Jun 12, 1990
|Storz Instrument Company
|Control system for ophthalmic surgical instruments
|Jun 14, 1989
|Oct 23, 1990
|Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.
|Circuit for driving ultrasonic transducer
|Sep 20, 1989
|Nov 27, 1990
|Branson Ultrasonics Corporation
|Ultrasonic power supply
|Sep 16, 1988
|Mar 19, 1991
|Alcon Laboratories, Inc.
|Linear power control for ultrasonic probe with tuned reactance
|Feb 6, 1990
|Sep 3, 1991
|Advanced Osseous Technologies Inc.
|Apparatus for implantation and extraction of osteal prostheses
|Aug 25, 1989
|Aug 18, 1992
|Site Microsurgical Systems, Inc.
|Phacoemulsification system with handpiece simulator
|Jan 3, 1991
|Nov 3, 1992
|Costin John A
|Computer controlled smart phacoemulsification method and apparatus
|Dec 20, 1991
|Jan 18, 1994
|Alcon Surgical Inc.
|Computer controlled smart phacoemulsification method and apparatus
|Sep 4, 1992
|Jul 26, 1994
|American Cyanamid Company
|Phacoemulsification probe drive circuit
|Jul 29, 1993
|Dec 6, 1994
|American Cyanamid Company
|Phacoemulsification probe circuit with pulse width Modulating drive
|Sep 30, 1992
|Apr 11, 1995
|American Cyanamid Company
|Control system for calibrating and driving ultrasonic transducer
|Dec 21, 1993
|Apr 18, 1995
|Compagnie D'electronique Et De Piezo-Electricite C.E.P.E.
|Method of frequency tuning a piezoelectric device and apparatus for the implementation of the method
|May 13, 1994
|Jun 6, 1995
|Valleylab Inc.
|Ultrasonic surgical handpiece and an energy initiator
|Jun 9, 1992
|Jun 20, 1995
|Olympus Optical Co., Ltd.
|Apparatus for generating ultrasonic oscillation
|Mar 31, 1993
|Jul 11, 1995
|Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company
|Elastic strand construction
|Apr 28, 1994
|Jul 11, 1995
|Alcon Laboratories, Inc.
|Method of tuning ultrasonic devices
|Mar 23, 1994
|Jul 16, 1996
|Orthosonics Ltd.
|Method for removal of osteal prostheses
|Sep 29, 1995
|May 20, 1997
|Ethicon Endo-Surgery, Inc.
|Ultrasonic instrument for surgical applications
|Aug 13, 1996
|Dec 2, 1997
|Garde; Lawrence
|Sonic wave synchronizer
|Apr 1, 1996
|Mar 3, 1998
|Aziz Yehia Anis
|Removal of tissue
|Sep 28, 1990
|May 2, 1991
|Storz Instrument Company
|Control system for ophthalmic surgical instruments
|Aug 5, 1993
|Mar 16, 1994
|American Cyanamid Company
|Phacoemulsification probe circuit with switch drive means
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 18, 2006
|Nov 10, 2009
|Pcg, Inc.
|System and method for dynamic control of ultrasonic magnetostrictive dental scaler
|Jun 19, 2009
|Feb 12, 2013
|Olympus Medical Systems Corp.
|Ultrasound surgical apparatus and calibration method therefor
|Dec 10, 2009
|Mar 4, 2014
|Alcon Research, Ltd.
|Systems and methods for dynamic feedforward
|Nov 11, 2010
|May 20, 2014
|Alcon Research, Ltd.
|Systems and methods for dynamic pneumatic valve driver
|Aug 11, 2010
|Aug 26, 2014
|Alcon Research, Ltd.
|Pneumatic pressure output control by drive valve duty cycle calibration
|May 27, 2010
|Sep 2, 2014
|Alcon Research, Ltd.
|Feedback control of on/off pneumatic actuators
|Apr 1, 2011
|Apr 28, 2015
|Westdale Holdings, Inc.
|Ultrasonic system controls, tool recognition means and feedback methods
|Aug 31, 2011
|Jun 23, 2015
|Alcon Research, Ltd.
|Enhanced flow vitrectomy probe
|May 18, 2006
|Nov 30, 2006
|Richard Paschke
|System and method for dynamic control of ultrasonic magnetostrictive dental scaler
|Jun 19, 2009
|Dec 23, 2010
|Olympus Medical Systems Corp.
|Ultrasound surgical apparatus and calibration method therefor
|Aug 11, 2010
|Mar 3, 2011
|Jiansheng Zhou
|Pneumatic Pressure Output Control by Drive Valve Duty Cycle Calibration
|Nov 11, 2010
|Jun 16, 2011
|Gao Shawn X
|Systems and Methods for Dynamic Pneumatic Valve Driver
|Dec 10, 2009
|Jun 16, 2011
|Daryush Agahi
|Systems and Methods for Dynamic FeedForward
|Mar 19, 2007
|Sep 25, 2008
|Sauer Ultrasonic Gmbh
|Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen der Frequenzkennlinie und zum Betreiben eines Ultraschallwerkzeugs
|Mar 19, 2007
|Nov 26, 2015
|Sauer Ultrasonic Gmbh
|Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bestimmen der Frequenzkennlinie und zum Betreiben eines Ultraschallwerkzeugs
|Jul 8, 2015
|Jan 12, 2017
|Sauer Gmbh
|Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung einer Resonanzfrequenz eines in Ultraschall versetzten Werkzeugs f�r die spanende Bearbeitung
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 26, 2001
Owner name: ALCON MANUFACTURING, LTD., TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:ALCON LABORATORIES, INC.;REEL/FRAME:011667/0559
Effective date: 20010322
|Mar 27, 2003
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Mar 28, 2007
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jul 21, 2008
Owner name: ALCON RESEARCH, LTD., TEXAS
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:ALCON MANUFACTURING, LTD.;REEL/FRAME:021266/0729
Effective date: 20080101
Owner name: ALCON RESEARCH, LTD.,TEXAS
Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:ALCON MANUFACTURING, LTD.;REEL/FRAME:021266/0729
Effective date: 20080101
|Mar 28, 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 12


text:
Date: December 5, 2016
Source: Research Institute of Nanophotonics
Author: Wang Liuchan
Source: JNU News Center
Translation: Cheng Wei
Li Baojun and Zhang Yao, professors in JNU's Research Institute of Nanophotonics, have made a breakthrough in their field, publishing their research findings on Dec. 2 in Light: Science & Applications (SCI Impact Factor 13.6).
Nanophotonics is the study of photonic phenomena and devices with dimensions in the nanometer range. Li and Zhang have achieved three-dimensional manipulation of photics at the nanometer and unimolecule levels.
Light, an authoritative periodical in photics, is jointly published by theChangchun Research Institute of Precise Optical Mechanics and Physics, affiliated with the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Nature Publishing Group. It is among the top 100 of the 8,618 periodicals included by SCI and the top three in SCI Impact Factor. Its homepage reported these research findings on the subject of "Optical manipulation: moving single nanoparticles and biomolecules" in the "Latest Research Progress" column. In addition, Light World, an international journal, interviewed Li.
The periodical National Science Review also introduced their paper in its "Research Highlights". National Science Review, which released its first issue in March 2014, is the first English-language academic periodical in China presenting valuable research findings in science, following up on significant scientific events and deeply interpreting hot research topics. It has attracted extensive attention and been widely recognized in scientific circles. Journal Citation Reports in 2016, released by Thomson Reuters, ranks National Science Review (SCI Impact Factor 8.0) fifth among 63 comprehensive multidisciplinary periodicals.
Optical manipulation of single nanoparticles and biomolecules
Read the paper at the following link.
Copyright © 2016 Jinan University. All Rights Reserved.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Traveling Luck for Wilroy Industrial Park, Virginia, United States
Where is Wilroy Industrial Park?What's around Wilroy Industrial Park?
Wikipedia near Wilroy Industrial Park
Where to stay near Wilroy Industrial Park
The timezone in Wilroy Industrial Park is America/Iqaluit
Sunrise at 07:51 and Sunset at 17:53. It's light
Latitude. 36.7683°, Longitude. -76.5383°
Weather near Wilroy Industrial Park; Report from NORFOLK/HAMPTON, null 10km away
Weather :
Temperature: 23°C / 73°F
Wind: 6.9km/h South
Cloud: Sky Clear
Weather :
Temperature: 23°C / 73°F
Wind: 6.9km/h South
Cloud: Sky Clear
Satellite map around Wilroy Industrial Park
Loading map of Wilroy Industrial Park and it's surroudings
Geographic features & Photographs around Wilroy Industrial Park, in Virginia, United States
- populated place;
- a city, town, village, or other agglomeration of buildings where people live and work.
- Nansemond (0.8km)
- Lake Forest (1km)
- Cedar Lake Shores (1.1km)
- Thompson Landing (2.2km)
- Wilroy (2.5km)
- Magnolia (3.1km)
- Wilroy Acres (3.7km)
- Soroco (3.8km)
- Beamon (3.9km)
- Pierce Park (3.9km)
- Wilson Pines (4.4km)
- Willowbrook (4.5km)
- Oakdale (4.6km)
- Nansemond Gardens (4.8km)
- Suffolk Trailer Park (5km)
- Eastover (5.5km)
- Berkshire Meadows (5.5km)
- Elephant Fork (5.6km)
- North Gate (5.7km)
- school;
- building(s) where instruction in one or more branches of knowledge takes place.
- Rosenwald School (historical) (0.5km)
- Prospect School (historical) (2.9km)
- John F Kennedy High School (5km)
- Paul D Camp Community College (5.3km)
- Elephants Fork Elementary School (5.7km)
- church;
- a building for public Christian worship.
- Canaan Church (1.4km)
- Magnolia United Methodist Church (1.8km)
- Rose Of Sharon Church (2.2km)
- Wilroy Church (3.7km)
- Oak Grove Church (3.9km)
- reservoir(s);
- an artificial pond or lake.
- Cedar Lake (0.9km)
- Brights Lake (1km)
- Beamon Pond (1.8km)
- Rountree South Pond (3.8km)
- Rountree North Pond (4.8km)
- dam;
- a barrier constructed across a stream to impound water.
- Brights Dam (1km)
- Godwin-Culpepper Dam (2.3km)
- Rountree South Dam (3.8km)
- Rountree North Dam (4.8km)
Accommodation around Wilroy Industrial Park
- Local Feature;
- A Nearby feature worthy of being marked on a map..
- Wilroy Industrial Park (0km)
- Bradys Marina (5.1km)
- Tabernacle Church (historical) (5.5km)
- Healing Chapel (5.6km)
- cliff(s);
- a high, steep to perpendicular slope overlooking a waterbody or lower area.
- Muskrat Bluff (3.1km)
- Brock Point (3.2km)
- Mintonville Point (4.5km)
- stream;
- a body of running water moving to a lower level in a channel on land.
- Burnetts Mill Creek (2.9km)
- Western Branch Nansemond River (3.9km)
- Shingle Creek (5.3km)
- island;
- a tract of land, smaller than a continent, surrounded by water at high water.
- Oak Island (4.6km)
- Buzzard Island (5.2km)
- canal;
- an artificial watercourse.
- Tributary Ditch (3.8km)
- Short Ditch (5.7km)
- cape;
- a land area, more prominent than a point, projecting into the sea and marking a notable change in coastal direction.
- Abraham Point (3.7km)
- Sack Point (4.4km)
- administrative division;
- an administrative division of a country, undifferentiated as to administrative level.
- Cypress Borough (5km)
- tower;
- a high conspicuous structure, typically much higher than its diameter.
- WLPM-AM (Suffolk) (2.6km)
- hospital;
- a building in which sick or injured, especially those confined to bed, are medically treated.
- Louise Obici Memorial Hospital (5.3km)
- mountain;
- an elevation standing high above the surrounding area with small summit area, steep slopes and local relief of 300m or more.
- Knob Hill (4.8km)
- cemetery;
- a burial place or ground.
- Canaan Cemetery (1.1km)
- swamp;
- a wetland dominated by tree vegetation.
- Wilroy Swamp (5.2km)
- park;
- an area, often of forested land, maintained as a place of beauty, or for recreation.
- Cyrpess Park (5.4km)
Wikipedia entries close to
Wilroy Industrial Park
- Driver, Virginia city city o
- Suffolk, Virginia city city o
- Chuckatuck, Virginia city city o
- Bower's Hill, Virginia city city o
- Belleville, Virginia city city o
- Hobson, Virginia city city o
- Western Branch, Virginia city city o
- Crittenden, Virginia city city o
- Churchland, Virginia city city o
- Deep Creek, Virginia city city o
- Portsmouth (Virginia) city city e
- Windsor, Virginia city city o
- Bartlett, Virginia city city o
- Benns Church, Virginia city city o
- Chesapeake Regional Airport airport airport
- Norfolk Naval Shipyard landmark landmark
Airports close to Wilroy Industrial Park
Norfolk ns(NGU), Norfolk, Usa (36.1km)
Norfolk international(ORF), Norfolk, Usa (41.2km)
Langley afb(LFI), Hampton, Usa (47.6km)
Newport news williamsburg international(PHF), Newport news, Usa (50.3km)
Felker aaf(FAF), Fort eustis, Usa (50.8km)


text:
Thanks so much for taking the time to read my blog! I hope you're enjoying it so far….
You've come to this page because you don't want to miss anything from me at OMH. To ensure you don't, all you have to do is sign up to the OMH newsletter. I would be so pleased to welcome you to it.
I use this to help me share all the latest articles, news, special offers and extra help with you. As a subscriber you really are the first to know what's going on.
I'll introduce you to all the best bits on the site as well so you don't have to go searching! It's the best way to get to know everything and you'll have me with you every step of the way for encouragement and advice.
As an extra bonus, when you sign up, you get a totally FREE eBook to get your organising started.In it are 101 organising tips in lots of different categories, and I go through my exact method that I use to organise anything in my own home/life.
It's a great place to start – and I hope you'll love it!
Whatever aspect of your home or life you want to tackle first, you will have some tips and guidance straight away to get it done.
So, if you'd like to join me (and over 16,000 others!) and grab your eBook, then please just CLICK HERE. I can't wait to welcome you!


text:
Log In to abcteach
Free Account (Settings)
This reading comprehension takes an in-depth approach to defining the term "demagogue." Includes historical examples, critical thinking exercises, and question and answer section. A great introduction to analyzing rhetoric.
Writing and Reading forms for identifying the theme of fictional or informational text. CCSS: R.6.2.1, W.6.2.1, RL.7.2.1, W.7.2.1 RL.8.2.1, W.8.2.1


text:
Download full-length 31min 14sec movie now!
Schoolgirls have a sort of attractive aura and are just waiting to play dirty with a big dick when the occasion appears. Jade is a seductive student craving to meet a guy with attitude to give her thrills. The smoking busty lady gets rid of her blouse. See her down on knees sucking the lucky guy's cock!
Join Brazzers for only 24.95$ 17.95$ This offer ends in:
- amadeus
- : 6min 58sec
- : 16 Jun 2014
- Exclusive video


text:
Young footballer, 15, with 'mesmerising skills' knocked off bike and killed in hit-and-run
A TEENAGE football prodigy with "mesmerising skills" was killed in a suspected drink-driving hit-and-run.
Tragic Dylan Crossey, 15, was knocked off his bike by a silver 3 Series BMW on Friday night.
The youngster was rushed to hospital with serious head injuries after the crash in Whitestake, near Preston, Lancs., but later died.
Police say the driver did not stop after the smash.
Dylan was described as a talented and proud footballer, who presented his local time almost 100 times.
Penwortham St Teresa's FC said in a statement: "The club was saddened to learn of the passing of U16s player Dylan Crossey this morning.
"Dylan made close to 100 appearances in a yellow shirt, playing a sport he loved so dearly and always represented the club with pride.
"The thoughts and prayers of everyone at Penwortham St Teresa's JFC are with Dylan's family and friends at this sad time. Tomorrow's U16 and U18 fixtures have been cancelled, whilst all remaining fixtures will hold a pre-match minute's applause."
Rival side Longridge Town Juniors posted: "Everyone at Longridge Town Juniors would like to pass on their condolences to the teams and family of Dylan Crossey.
"Dylan died last night in a tragic hit and run. He was 15.
"Dylan played for Penwortham St Teresa's and more recently Cadley.
"A very talented striker with silky, mesmerising skills, very often tying knots in our defence.
"When we get news like this it hits us all in junior football. Hurts us all in our football community. Rest in peace Dylan."
"Dylan has very sadly died as a result of the injuries he sustained in this collision and we are continuing our investigation into this tragic incident"Chief inspector Mike Adamson
A 42-year-old man from New Longton, Lancs. was arrested on Saturday on suspicion of causing death by dangerous driving and drink-driving. He remains in custody.
Police recovered a silver BMW 3 Series from an address in New Longton and are appealing for anyone who saw the vehicle in the area to come forward.
Chief inspector Mike Adamson said: "Dylan has very sadly died as a result of the injuries he sustained in this collision and we are continuing our investigation into this tragic incident.
"We would appeal to anyone who may have witnessed the incident, or who may have seen a silver BMW 3 Series in the area around the time of the collision to contact us."


text: Don't you love the fact that, if everything that gave you any type of status: friends,money,job, gf,bf,independence. .were to go away..as well s the people. Jesus would still love you I was struggling.. a bit ,feeling low bc i don't have a bf, friends or drive yet... and i felt worthless,and I thought. Even when Im worthless by the world's standards..He still loves me. Its amazes me ..i remember when i was going past a birger kind and saw a hobo..with all his stuff ,sitting against a wall...and thought, he may mean nothing to people..but everything to God. I thought it'd be nice to share that.


text:
Poppy Build Guide by dareyoutofeedme
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
Thank You!
Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
Poppy Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
Honestly, I know this is a weird sounding build. But honestly, I found a Poppy build that I actually consistently do well with <3 So basically I'm just sharing it with the community. This build gives you the AP to just nuke and stun your opponent and then the DPS/AD to chase em down and kill them if they survived or if there is a second attacker.
Skill Sequence
Basically here is what I do when I'm in a fight. Its the typical Poppy sequence, Pop your ult on someone, then attack with your E and then your Q. This should get them down to about 20% hp. Then just finish em off with your dps until your Q comes back up and then use to to get the kill and celebrate by pressing that sexy /dance :D
Pros / Cons
Pros- Nuke Ability, DPS for chasing, Sustainability with the Lifesteal/Spellvamp and the armor.
Cons- Many will tell you that your building poppy wrong until the see your score at the end of the game. Also, your extremely mana hungry.


text:
Yuko Shimizu is a super-talented illustrator who lives in NYC. Her self-titled monograph came out about a month ago, and is full of provocative surrealistic comic art drawn first with traditional calligraphy brushes, overlaid with digital color and background to look like graphic prints. Super cool. I first met Yuko when I was working on the Studio360 piece about women artists in Japan. She told me that she had always drawn erotic women, but didn't realize she was a feminist until she came to the US for art school and her teachers asked her to analyze her own art for the first time. (The Western tendency to analyze is different from Japan, where it's more common to simply appreciate the aesthetic value of a piece.)
3 thoughts on "Illustrator Yuko Shimizu's new book = perfect for your artsy coffee table"
Maintaining a turret and a firewall while simultaneously controlling the crowd, debuffing, dpsing manually, dodging attacks, AND healing. Anyone that thinks that Guild Wars 2 will be boring, or easy… http://www.guildwars2items.com GW2 Gold obviously has a very high opinion of themselves.Remember what should be remembered, and forget what should be forgotten.Alter what is changeable, and accept what is mutable. Buy safe http://www.diabloiiigold.com Diablo 3 Gold."You couldn't see my tears cause I am in the water." Fish said to water. "But I could feel your tears cause you are in me." Answered water. Buy cheap http://www.powerlevelingdiablo3.com Diablo 3 Power Leveling at fast delivery.If rain remains after rain and sorrow remains after sorrow, please take those farewells easy, and turn to smilingly look for yourself who is never to appear.Buy cheap http://www.swtorcreditus.com SWTOR Credits in safe store.
OMG, love that art. You are talented.
Regards, Mikes
Back to School Surprise from RSmoney.co.uk – Up to 30% Off for runescape money
All the rs gold for sale at RSmoney.co.uk are 20% off + 10% Discount code (10BS10) during August 14, 2012 (GMT) and August 31, 2012 (GMT)


text:
We'd love to talk to you about your (future) new website.
National Content builds websites for companies, organizations, non-profits and even food trucks. If you're interested in a complementary 30 minute phone consultation – fill out the form as much as you can below and we'll get back to you real fast.


text:
Cedarburg High School Fund
The most recent recipient of the Cedarburg High School Fund Scholarship is Joshua Kaye. Read comments from Joshua below.
What are you most excited about starting or experiencing at UW-Platteville?
I am looking forward to accelerating my learning in engineering studies such as mechanical and industrial engineering. Also looking forward to the college experience, and meeting new people.
What interests and/or hobbies do you have?
I love anything with a motor in it, trucks are my favorite to work on, and run my own small business of working on trucks. I am a big hunter, fisherman, biker, or anything outdoors. Having advanced computer knowledge helps a lot in the growing industry.
Joshua's Thank You Note
I really appreciate the opportunity, and look forward to excelling in all my studies. The engineering field is growing so greatly everyday and I know with the UW-Platteville education i can stand out above the rest, thank you for choosing me.


text:
As a professional fundraiser who used to work at Defenders, I feel confident in recommending Defenders as an organization that makes very good use of its funds toward the mission of wildlife conservation. These rating sites are hugely helpful in making decisions about how charities use their funds, but the ratings are sometimes tricky. Defenders headquarters is in DC and does top-notch advocacy work -- for example, emailing members to inform them of policies that are harmful to wildlife and providing them easy access to information to contact their government representatives. Because these advocacy pieces (also known as Action Alerts), usually contain a link encouraging supporters to make a gift, they are often calculated as fundraising expenses by ratings websites. (Of course, any charity needs funds and would be foolish not to use an email or other communication to provide recipients the opportunity to give. But the larger point of these advocacy pieces is to inform Defenders' many supporters who care deeply about what the U.S. is allowing to happen to wildlife -- and to make it easy to contact their representatives and others to stand up for critters. Politicians listen to their constituents, and Defenders wants to give them the opportunity to be heard. So, please, rest assured from someone who has been at Defenders -- this is a great charity, doing very important work for species, full of committed staff dedicated to making a difference for wildlife. And their funds are spent wisely toward this goal. If you want to make a difference for species in the U.S., funding Defenders is a good investment. Their impact far outweighs their size or budget. This is why I, a former employee who has worked at organizations across conservation, have personally become a Defenders donor!
Review from CharityNavigator
Hi, Mr. Baker,
First of all, thank you for your ongoing support of America's wildlife and habitats and for raising your important concerns. Defenders is proud of how carefully we spend our members' contributions. In fact, our most recent audited financial statement shows that last year we spent 91% of our expenses on programs and support services and only 9% on fundraising (for more information, please see our annual report at http://www.defenders.org/annual-report-and-990s).
While, as an advocacy group, we'll always have a mix of online and offline supporters, we are working to change our ratio of paper mail to e-mail. I am happy to report that we have made great progress over the last two years in increasing our pool of online supporters by 31%.
Finally, everyone at Defenders was devastated to hear the news about the Yellowstone wolf fondly known as 06, and we have had all hands on deck addressing this horrific situation. In addition to our ongoing delisting lawsuit and proactive work with ranchers, our wolf experts, communications team, and legal team are collaborating with partners to help secure buffers and develop coexistence projects around Yellowstone National Park. We have also raised this issue with the Department of the Interior officials in DC, discussed the killing of wolves from Yellowstone during a lengthy interview on CNN Headline News, sent out a call for action to our more than one million members and supporters to put pressure on the Obama administration and the states to protect wolves around the park, and generated more press on this issue so the public can express their outrage. In fact, we quickly generated nearly 300 thank yous to the Montana Fish and Game Commission for setting up the buffers.
Once again, thank you for your support; we couldn't protect wildlife and wild places without you!
Don Barry
Executive Vice President
Defenders of Wildlife


text:
- select colour
it's an internet thing!
it's an internet thing!
12:27 07 February 2013
For most individuals purchasing a new home is indeed a milestone but it could also be an overwhelming task. After all the effort and the investment you place in your new home, it will be logical to protect it through an excellent home insurance policy.
The Benefits of Home Insurance
Home insurance gives coverage in case of losses sustained from theft, fire, or other destruction caused by acts of nature such as typhoon or floods. Every homeowner should see to it that their homes are protected with a reliable insurance coverage. Much like anything we spend our money on, acquiring a home insurance should be given some thought so we can get the best coverage at a reasonable price.
Choosing Good Home Insurance Coverage
Scouting for a good home insurance policy can take much time as there are a lot of insurance companies and insurance plans to select from. The homeowner will have to do a lot of research.
By and large, policies can insure most of the household items, but it will drive the premium up.
To avoid this, you have list down all the things in your house that needs coverage, then list down an estimate value for each. Make a mental note that the more things you want to be covered, the higher the premium will be.
The next task is conducting research. There are many listings for insurance companies and their services. The most convenient way to look for such companies will be through the internet.
Make a short list of the top reputable companies then go to their website to see their plans and how much each plan costs. Determining the correct amount of coverage is vital so that if something happens to your house or to its content, you are sure that damage can be repaired or what was lost can be restored.
On the other hand, you should be careful not to have an unwarranted coverage so as not to waste your money. Insurance coverage can carry other miscellaneous coverage, which may not be applicable to you.
The following are some of the basic questions you should ask your prospective insurer:
• Will I be able to acquire and renew the home insurance policy online?
• Does the coverage include a Personal Accident cover for the home owners?
• If it does, how many individuals will be covered by it?
• What are the various insurance plans offered and what is the maximum amount that can be offered?
• What are the other ancillary coverage's offered?
Having reliable home insurance coverage will assure you some kind of protection in case of any eventuality, be it natural calamities, theft or accidents and will help you sleep better at night.
The insurance policy can lessen your stress during these trying times and will help you and your family regain normalcy much faster after such incidents.
Disclaimer: Supanet is not responsible for, and disclaims any and all liability for the content of comments written by contributors to this website


text:
In February this year I reviewed the Sally Hansen Miracle Gel Nail polish in Shock Wave, I think I raved about it and here I am four months later raving about it again, except in a different colour.
If you want pretty, pretty, pretty pink nails that are unobtrusive and long lasting you could go worse than to try Sally Hansen Miracle Gel. If I'm honest I bought this one because of the colour, not because it was by Sally Hansen but as usual with Sally Hansen products, you get all the good stuff on your nails as well as a great colour.
I bought it earlier on this year, before I started Avon and I've worn it literally at least once a week since then. I've never had gel nails (i.e. not done by a nail technician) but my mother in law has her's done and they always look gorgeous. This appealed to me because I thought that it would be a great colour with a gel type finish, and I was right.
As you'll know with all my nail varnish reviews one of the things I need is longevity and by that I mean something that doesn't chip as soon as you start to load the dishwasher. I also love pink, most of my polish collection is pink, it seems to suit me and if it's pale it's pretty but not in your face. This ticks both of those boxes. I also love that as with all Sally products it's full of all the right ingredients for your nails, by that I mean that there's strengthening agent and something else in it to stop them from flaking, I have terrible flaky nails so this is great for me. If I'm in a hurry I just do one quick coat, the coverage is good so it looks like you've got a couple of coats on there, but obviously if you want a deeper colour or for it to last a bit longer then double up on the coats.
I've recommended this to all my family and friends (before and after I became an Avon rep) because I really do rate it. It's £9.99 in Boots and there are a LOT of colours to choose from.
Read my other Sally Hansen polish review below:
Sally Hansen Miracle Gel Nails - Shock Wave Review
And my other nail polish reviews:
Rita Ora Rimmel
Max Factor Glossfinity
Rimmel Pro Nails


text:
Who is Rip Van Winkle?. Author – Washington Irving. Rip Van Winkle Video. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5g13M1hNmbY :48-3:11. OBJECTIVE.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
You will determine why North Carolina was called the "Rip Van Winkle State" in the early 1800's and create a political cartoon that will influence NC citizens to take action.
Areas in which NC needed improvement
NC was:
Using the concept of the story of Rip Van Winkle, your notes and pages 282-292 in your North Carolina text, draw a political cartoon that may have been published in a NC journal in the early 1800's that represents why North Carolina was called the Rip Van Winkle State. Remember, North Carolina was "behind the times", "not progressing like the rest of the nation", "dormant", "rural, conservative, and poor", "unwilling to make changes", . . .


text:
Man on Wire Trailer (2008)
"1974. 1350 feet up. The artistic crime of the century." 25 July 2008 History, Thriller, Crime 94 mins
On August 7th 1974, French tightrope walker Philippe Petit stepped out on a high wire, illegally rigged between New York's World Trade Center twin towers, then the world's tallest buildings. After nearly an hour of performing on the wire, 1,350 feet above the sidewalks of Manhattan, he was arrested. This fun and spellbinding documentary chronicles Philippe Petit's "highest" achievement.
Watch the official Man on Wire 2008 trailer in HD below or find more Man on Wire videos on Vidimovie.


text:
Lang Tre Em Dien Bien Phu
Dien Bien Phu Travel Blog› entry 1 of 2 › view all entries
October 20th, 2009 – by: gday_maate
If you want a quick trip, it is a 50 minute flight from Hanoi and costs around $50 e/w with Vietnam Airlines. The people are truly friendly, no tourist rip off. It is a beautiful valley, steeped in the bloody history of the country's fight to end colonialism. A huge new monument to their victory over the French in 1954 is set to be unveiled and will add value to what is already a very special place to visit.
Join TravBuddy to leave comments, meet new friends and share travel tips!
Dien Bien Phu Hotels & Accommodations review
clean, comfortable, convenientwifi'd, a/c, Tv, daily linen change, clean comfortable beds. Only downer is it takes a few days for the room to air out after a smoker. Helpful and … read entire review


text:
Open House 2017
The Open House is for science enthusiasts of all ages!
Come to the Main Campus - Hillside Plaza, meet our scientists, and find out about their latest research discoveries.
Do your own hands-on experiments.
Take a tour.
Registration is free.
Save the Date
Saturday, June 10, 2017, Noon–4 p.m.


text:
'The Invitation' Trailer: It's My Party and I'll Die If I Want To
Posted on Thursday, February 11th, 2016 by Jacob Hall
If you're the kind of person who already hates parties and social gatherings, Karyn Kusama's The Invitation is going to press your buttons in a very specific and unsettling way. This small-scale, slow-burning, intense gem is a special kind of cinematic nightmare – the one-location thriller where escape simply isn't an option.
Drafthouse Films has released a new trailer for The Invitation and it's a good one, playing up the film's mystery and tension while side-stepping its various twists and turns.


text:
Edit your search:(X) Wheaton, IL
Yes (amount not posted) Draw against commission At least $10,000 At least $20,000 At least $40,000 At least $60,000 At least $80,000 At least $100,000
- Advertising Sales Jobs
- Automotive Sales Jobs
- Communications Sales Jobs
- Computer Sales Jobs
- Engineering Sales Jobs
- Entertainment Sales Jobs
- Financial Sales Jobs
- Food and Beverage Sales Jobs
- Healthcare Sales Jobs
- Industrial Sales Jobs
- Information Management Sales Jobs
- Insurance Sales Jobs
- Internet Sales Jobs
- Manufacturing Sales Jobs
- Media Sales Jobs
- Medical Sales Jobs
- Merchandise Sales Jobs
- Office Automation Sales Jobs
- Pharmaceutical Sales Jobs
- Printing Sales Jobs
- Professional Services Sales Jobs
- Publication Sales Jobs
- Real Estate Sales Jobs
- Retail Sales Sales Jobs
- Sales Recruter Sales Jobs
- Sales Trainer Sales Jobs
- Security Sales Jobs
- Software Sales Jobs
- Technical Sales Jobs
- Tele Equipment Sales Jobs
- Travel Sales Jobs
Sales Jobs in Wheaton, IL
Wheaton Sales Jobs in Illinois
Jobs 1-10 of 68 (Next 10)
Sort By:
Travelhost - Chicago, ILBusiness Ownership, Independence, Control TravelHost exists to support people in their dream of owning their own business. This is an business opportunity to be a TravelHost Publisher in travel media. Its a chance to own your own business, take control of your finances and set your own schedule ...
Posted: Nov 20 | Industry: Publication | Base Salary: At least $60,000
Account Executive - Healthcare Sector
Absolute Software - Chicago, ILAccount Executive, Healthcare Sector Chicago Accountabilities will include: Hunter role, developing and managing relationships within the Chicago market, specifically the Healthcare Services Sector Managing the sales-cycle and presenting to CISO/CIO level executives the value of our SaaS b ...
Posted: Nov 20 | Industry: Software | Base Salary: At least $100,000
Inside Sales Representative
NewHire - Chicago, ILMadison Street Capital seeks a highly ambitious Inside Sales Representative to join our thriving organization. We are a leading provider of financial advisory services, M&A, and valuations and have offices in North America, Asia and Africa. The Inside Sales Representative is responsible for calli ...
Posted: Nov 20 | Industry: Financial | Base Salary: Yes (amount not posted)
Account Executive
Law Bulletin Media - Chicago, ILA multi-media company serving the legal and business communities located in the trendy River North neighborhood, has an opening for an Account Executive to generate new business for its digital offerings, print, and event sponsorships. Reporting to the Sales Team Lead, the Account Executive will ...
Posted: Nov 20 | Industry: Media | Base Salary: At least $40,000
Inside Sales
NewHire - Schaumburg, ILInside Sales Professional Bisco, Inc . is seeking an ambitious Bilingual Sales Professional to join our thriving organization. We are an internationally recognized manufacturer of medical devices for the dental industry, specializing in the advancement and research of adhesive and composite techn ...
Posted: Nov 20 | Industry: Medical | Base Salary: At least $20,000
Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) Sales - Emerging Markets
Pole To Win - Chicago, ILBusiness Development/Sales Executive (Remote) (Remote) Job Description Gaming/Video Sales Pole to Win International is looking for a Business Development/Sales Executive full time to expand our presence in the games, production movies, music and anything that would be audio market and to wor ...
Posted: Nov 20 | Industry: Work from Home | Base Salary: At least $100,000
Fine Art Gallery Associate
Park West Gallery - Chicago, ILTravel the World and train to be a Fine Art Auctioneer with Park West. For over 45 years Park West Gallery has been an international leader in the Art Industry. We are one of the largest privately-owned art galleries in the world, currently operating 100+ Art Galleries onboard Luxury Cruise Ships ...
Posted: Nov 20 | Industry: Travel | Base Salary: Yes (amount not posted)
Business Development & Training Associate
Corporate Strategies & Solutions - Naperville, ILSandler Training - Who we are: Sandler Training is a world leader in sales and sales management training. We help companies reach and exceed their goals by teaching things like: -A sales methodology to stay on track and course correct -Leadership strategies to hire, train, motivate and evaluate ...
Posted: Nov 20 | Industry: Sales Trainer | Base Salary: Yes (amount not posted)
Inside Sales Representative
NewHire - Park Ridge, ILInside Sales Representative / Appointment Setter XL.net is looking an energetic and dilegent Inside Sales Representative to join our fast growing, dynamic team.We are an outsourced IT solution company for small to mid-sized businesses throughout Chicagoland, specializing in immediate support, emp ...
Posted: Nov 20 | Industry: Technical | Base Salary: At least $20,000
Business Development Specialist
NewHire - Geneva, ILDo you like to know how things work? What motivates people? Have a knack for seeing the big picture? Need to understand why? Good at converting learning into concrete actions? If so, come join us for a journey to discover market intelligence and develop new business opportunities.The Business De ...
Posted: Nov 20 | Industry: Manufacturing | Base Salary: Yes (amount not posted)
Jobs 1-10 of 68 (Next 10)


text:
MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] Movie of Babak Jalali. Introduced in cinemas in 2015, with production teams of USA. You can watch Radio Dreams online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in Persian at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2015.
Rating: 5 by 10 users./
Runtime: 100 minutes
Larry Laverty, Kari Wishingrad and Mohsen Namjoo.
100-minute film (full movie) directed by Babak Jalali.
The original audio of Radio Dreams has dialogues in or Persian, it was produced in USA.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2015.
Screenplay written by Babak Jalali.
Marjaneh Moghimi and Taraneh Golozar.
This film was produced and / or financed by Butimar Productions.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Radio Dreams has a duration of 100 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in English or Persian in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Radio Dreams in FULLTV Movies.


text:
Opportunities to Promote Your Organization with AIFF
How Do We Promote Your Organization/Business?
Event Promotion
Opportunities to display and distribute promotional materials for your company during our events in Addis Ababa and selected regions, including opening and closing days
Flyers, Posters, and Banners
Banners, posters, calendars and moving boards displayed at all events. Flyers distributed in Addis Ababa and selected regions.
Our booklets will be distributed in all of our festival venues inside and outside Addis ababa. In addition to cafes, cinemas and other related community events.
Sponsor Packages
What Can We Offer Your Organization/Business?
Exposure to our sponsors for supporting AIFF
The sponsor is responsible for providing advertisement materials such as logos and/or video for screen advertisement. Naming rights partner must be of monetary value (no in-kind).
Terms & Conditions
Please Read
The Sponsor must provide to the AIFF the Sponsorship Contribution set out in the Table upon signing by way of:
Check made payable to: Initiative Africa; P.O. Box 1123 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Deposit at Wegagen Bank into the following account:
Wegagen Bank S.C.
Beneficiary: Initiative Africa
Account No.: C01-000339
Branch: Bole Branch (Account Subject to Change)
- The Sponsorship Contribution is to be used towards and in association with the organization and running of the Event including but not limited to administration, programming, marketing, production, transport and venue rent costs.
- The AIFF must provide the Sponsorship Benefits set out in the Table to the Sponsor.
- The Sponsor acknowledges that the sponsorship is not exclusive, and the AIFF has the right to enter into other sponsorship agreements.
- The AIFF has the right to use the Sponsor's logo to publicize the sponsorship for the event including advertisements and media releases. The Sponsor provides the logo royalty free for this purpose.
- Each party must promptly do all things and provide all relevant assistance and information reasonably required by the other party to enable the performance by the parties of their obligations under this Agreement.
- This Agreement continues from the Commencement Date until the End Date unless the AIFF cancels the Addis International Film Festival. If the AIFF is cancelled then the AIFF will notify the Sponsor in writing and will refund the Sponsorship Contribution to the Sponsor as soon as the AIFF is in a position to do so, such repayment is not to be unreasonably delayed.
- Any notice between the parties is to be in writing and delivered by hand, post, fax or email to the other party. Notices by post will be taken to have been served 3 days after posting.
- The parties acknowledge that this Agreement does not create any relationship of agency, partnership, joint venture or employment between the parities.
- The rights under this Agreement cannot be assigned, subcontracted or otherwise divested.
- This Agreement may only be changed in writing signed by each party to this Agreement.
- This Agreement is governed by the law of the Federal Democratic republic of Ethiopia in which the sponsor resides.


text:
On December 5, 2008, we began converting the complete works of Shakespeare into XML and announced a call for volunteers to assist. Today, three months later, we are proud to announce that the conversion is complete.
These editions, known as the PlayShakespeare.com editions, are the cleaned-up versions of the plays on this site based on the following text sources:
The goal of these editions is to provide a clear, concise, error-free set Shakespeare's plays and poems free of charge to all. We will now begin rolling out the XML editions on this site in the coming weeks and in our Shakespeare iPhone application shortly.
Our next tall task is to convert the First Folio into XML with the goal of having a freely available original spelling version. It's a new project that's never been done before, but we feel it has great benefits. But we need your help to accomplish this. To find out how you can help and the status of this groundbreaking project, visit our forum here:


text:
Committee Volunteering
Contact: firstname.lastname@example.com
There are many ways to be more involved with Keep Roswell Beautiful. You might consider serving on one of our committees. Committee volunteers work behind the scenes all year long, mapping out strategies, organizing events, finding sponsors, increasing membership, and more.
Here's a glimpse of some committee opportunities:
- Fundraising
- Volunteer Recruitment
- Community Outreach
- Membership
Our dedicated committee volunteers are the heart of Keep Roswell Beautiful. Contact us at firstname.lastname@example.com, and we'll help you find your niche.


text:
Note: This topic is for discussing other products (that don't have their own sub-topic). If you do want to buy or sell, use our For sale section.
child proof cd player(1 Post)
expansivegirth Sat 03-Nov-12 09:24:44
Join the discussion
Registering is free, easy, and means you can join in the discussion, get discounts, win prizes and lots more.Register now
Already registered with Mumsnet? Log in to leave your comment or alternatively, sign in with Facebook or Google.
Please login first.


text:
JSC "Quadra - Power Generation" provides charity support in regions of its activity every year. It is planned to assign over RUR 33 million for these purposes in 2011, which exceeds the money assigned for charity in 2010 by RUR 12 million.
The main lines of charity support provision of JSC "Quadra - Power Generation" include social support and targeted protection of the needy – disabled people, orphaned children, veterans and low-income citizens. For example, last year the company JSC "Quadra - Power Generation" rendered support and purchased school buses and home appliances for pensioners in the Lipetsk, Tambov, Ryazan and Voronezh Regions, within the framework of the charity support to the regions which were affected by forest fires most of all. The total amount of money granted to fire victims exceeds RUR 8 million.
The charity support was rendered to the municipal establishment of general education Cadet School #43 named after major of militia Alexey Kovrizhnyh in the city of Lipetsk. The company "Quadra – Power Generation" renders financial support to the regional public organization "Russian National Society of the Disabled" in the city of Efremov, the Tula Region. The company "Quadra – Power Generation" also rendered charity support to the Smolensk regional budgetary establishment "Dorogobuzh Social Rehabilitation Center for Minors "Rodnik"".
The company also promotes the activity in the field of culture, education and sports. A lot of attention is given to protection and proper maintenance of buildings and structures having historical, cult and cultural value. For example, JSC "Quadra - Power Generation" assigned RUR 400 thousand for manufacturing of the icon stand in the Saint Serafim Sarovsky Temple in the city of Tula, and RUR 100 thousand were given to the Monastery of the Nativity of the Most Holy Mother of God "Korennaya Pustyn" in Kursk.
In 2011, the main part of the charity program funds was assigned for support of the disadvantaged social group in the regions of activity of JSC "Quadra - Power Generation", for development of physical training and sports, protection of architectural monuments. Now the company "Quadra – Power Generation" has already assigned a part of the allocated funds for charity purposes within the framework of the approved program.
In order to provide social support and protect orphaned children and children who remained without parents' care, charity support was rendered to the Municipal Prevention and Treatment Institution "Specialized Orphanage of the City of Orel". Within the framework of assistance to the activity in the sphere of public health services, charity support was provided to MHCI (Municipal Health Care Institution) "City Hospital #7 of Tula" in order to hold repairs of premises of the department of surgery. More than RUR 380 thousand were assigned to help the veterans of the Lipetsk energy system.
The company "Quadra – Power Generation" also assists to medical treatment of its employees actively.


text:
With 3 simple steps you can buy tickets and visit the Borghese Gallery without standing in line.
With a few clicks you can see the masterpieces collection of Cardinal Scipione Borghese.
Do not waste time during your holidays by standing in line. Buy tickets online through our safe and easy system and you will have immediate access to the masterpieces of Rome.
You can buy tickets for most roman museums at the same time. Do not waste your time, rely on us!
In our website you can find all the necessary information on how the system works, on the safety of transactions or simply on how to get more information on your past or future purchases.
IMPORTANT: If the time requested is not available, the museum will confirm a timetable different from the one you requested, but as close as possible to the one you requested.
Reduced/Half Ticket:
Free Ticket (it is still required to pay the presale to skip the line) :
Service fees and eventual temporary exhibition fees are always due.
Welcome and information desk supplied by the Reception-Services Assistants to the public.
Available in Italian, English, French, German and Spanish.
€ 5.00 more than the cost of the ticket.
Guided tours are available in Italian, English, French, German and Spanish.
Groups up to 25 people.
Earphones required, rental cost of € 1 per person.
The shop practice the same hours of opening and closing of ticket office.
Is required to deposit any kind of bag or backpack, cameras, video cameras and recording equipment, strollers, and more.
The museum has an elevator, ramps and wheelchairs. Difficult access to the first floor.
Guided tours for disabled guests are available on request at the desk VAMI (Volunteers Associaties for Italian Museums).
You can book courses and educational materials for blind, visually impaired and deaf visitors.
The Borghese Gallery, in the park of Villa Borghese, is located in 5 Piazzale Scipione Borghese in Rome.
Metro Line A: Flaminio or Spagna stop;
Villa Borghese internal bus- line 116;
Buses that run through Villa Borghese: 88, 95, 490, 495;
Bus: 52, 53, 63, 86, 92, 116, 217, 360, 491, 630, 910, 926;
Tram: 19, 3, 2;
Taxi: Vittorio Veneto Street (height Villa Borghese).
The Borghese Gallery valuable collection, made up initially by Cardinal Scipione Borghese in the early seventeenth century, contains sculptures, bas-reliefs and ancient mosaics and paintings from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century.
Masterpieces by Raffaello, Tiziano, Caravaggio and splendid sculptures of Gian Lorenzo Bernini and Canova.
The Villa Borghese "outside Porta Pinciana" arose as a suburban villa in the early seventeenth century around an initial possession of the family until the establishment in the years of a huge park. The rapid rise of the family in the Roman context culminated in the election to the papacy by Camillo (1605-1621) who, under the name of Paul V, started large urban interventions and extraordinary feats as collectors.
The main protagonist of this scenario, it was the pope favorite nephew, Cardinal Scipione Caffarelli Borghese (1577-1633) who began a systematic acquisition of works of art, to create one of the biggest collection of the time. At his death there were in fact more than 800 paintings from the Renaissance to the Baroque, celebrated works of ancient sculpture and an endless real estate assets.
In the sumptuous halls of the Gallery you can visit one of the most comprehensive collections of art, sculptures, carvings and ancient mosaics, as well as paintings and sculptures from the fifteenth to the eighteenth century.
The most important nucleus dates back to Cardinal Scipione but the next three centuries, losses and acquisition have left their mark.
The Cardinal Scipione was not particularly careful in medieval art but to the works of ancient, Renaissance and contemporary art to evoke a new golden age. His ambition furthered the creation of new sculptures and marble groups compared with antique works.
Inside the gallery you can admire masterpieces such as:


text:
Help keep us on the web! Please donate today! Thanks in advance!
Editor, administrator, preacher, prophetic expositor, professor, poet, inventor, and artist-engraver. Smith was born in New Hampshire, and accepted the message of Sabbatarian Adventism after hearing James and Ellen White in 1852. He joined the Whites in their publishing of The Advent Review and Sabbath Herald after their move to Rochester, NY, becoming editor at age 23 when the periodical moved to Battle Creek, Michigan the fall of 1855. He remained until 1897 in this position with little interruption, assisting James White until his death in 1881, and then taking over full charge. Smith authored 20 books and approximately 4000 editorials, impacting the church over that span of time nearly as much as James and Ellen White. He served 13 years as editor with James White of the Signs of the Times published in California.
Smith's separate books on Daniel and Revelation were combined in 1882 as Thoughts on Daniel and the Revelation, received a strong endorsement by Ellen White, and remain his best-known work. It has gone through several editions, and has been translated in many languages. Smith was also instrumental in conducting many bible institutes for ministers, a form of continuing education for them. He was the charter Bible teacher at Battle Creek College, and as chairman of the board of trustees conflicted with Ellen White's vision of education whose emphasis would be on the Bible balanced with manual labor, rather than the classical, theoretical curriculum he favored. He also came into significant conflict with her over the message that came in the years surrounding Minneapolis, and her support for A. T. Jones and E. J. Waggoner. He responded to her appeals to cease opposing her work, but never seemed to grasp the concepts and run with them.
Smith's case provides a classic example of a talented worker who at times needed reproving, but could easily become discouraged over reproof. Ellen White with her long history of working with him from the early years would gently attempt to carry out her work as messenger in giving him wise, encouraging, and clear counsel. In spite of his weaknesses, and in context of the broader issues shaking the foundations of the church toward the end of the 1800s, she specifically stated that it was God's plan that he remain Review editor to the end of his life. One area of counsel he struggled with, partly due to his artificial leg and partly to his love of writing, was to balance his desk work with physical exercise. Ellen White's desire to lengthen his productive years was more successful than her effort with her own husband. Smith died of a stroke at age 70 while walking to the Review and Herald Publishing House.
The 2300 Days and the Sanctuary
America's Crisis
An Appeal to the Youth
Bible Studen
t's Assistant
The Biblical Institute
Both Sides on the Sabbath and Law
Daniel and Revelation 1912 Version
Daniel and Revelation 1897 Version
Day of the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Christ
The Defense of Elder James White and Wife
Fundamental Principles of Seventh-day Adventists
The Great Commandment
A Greek Falsehood
Here and Hereafter
In Memoriam [Bourdeau]
In Memoriam [White]
Is Sunday Called the Sabbath in the New Testament?
Key to Smith's Diagram and Parliamentary Rules
Key to the Prophetic Chart
Looking Unto Jesus
Man's Nature and Destiny
The Marvel of Nations
Modern Spiritualism
Mortal or Immortal? Which?
Parable of the Ten Virgins
Poems, by Uriah Smith
A Question Answered
Replies to Elder Canright's Attacks on Seventh-day Adventists
The Sanctuary and the Twenty-three Hundred Days of Daniel 8:14
The Seven Heads of Revelation 12, 13, and 17
Seventh-day Adventists and Their Work
A Study of the 144,000
Sunday in the Greek
Synopsis of the Present Truth
Trine Immersion
The Two Covenants
The United States in the Light of Prophecy
Vindication of the Business Career of Elder James White
The Visions of Mrs. E.G. White
The Warning Voice of Time and Prophecy
What Was Nailed to the Cross?
Who Changed the Sabbath?
Without Excuse
A Word for The Sabbath


text:
Daily briefs of the top news stories impacting Christians around the world.
In today's edition:
- Church Leaders Call for Prayer for Sudanese Elections
- Ugandan Primate 'Resigns' from Key Anglican Body
- Malatya Trial Sentencing Soon to Come
- Vatican Orders Bishops to Report Charges to Police
Church Leaders Call for Prayer for Sudanese Elections
ASSIST News Service reports that Christian leaders are urging believers worldwide to pray for Sudan's three-day elections, which began Sunday and conclude today. According to the World Evangelical Alliance (WEA), these elections are crucial to the fulfillment of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). The CPA, signed in 2005 between the predominantly Islamic North and the Christian and Animist South, brought an end to civil war that first begun in 1955. According to WEA, "The build up to the elections has been marred by allegations of vote rigging by the Northern Government and continued unrest in the Darfur region. This has resulted in many opposition parties withdrawing for the election in protest and the European Union has removed its Election Monitors from Darfur due to safety concerns. These problems have led many to say that next week's elections will not be free and fair."
Ugandan Primate 'Resigns' from Key Anglican Body
Religion News Service reports that Archbishop Henry Orombi of Uganda has reportedly resigned from the standing committee of the Anglican Communion. The archbishop cited the election of a lesbian bishop by the Episcopal Church as part of an unacceptable "revisionist theology". At the same time, Orombi called for an urgent meeting of the primates, or senior bishops, of the Anglican Communion without their colleagues from the U.S. and Canada, "and with an agenda set by the participants themselves." His announcement was made in an April 9 letter to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Rowan Williams. His resignation is the second this year, following Archbishop Mouneer Anis of Jerusalem and the Middle East in February. The standing committee, which functions as an executive body, consists of 14 members of the Anglican Communion. The committee includes the Episcopal Church primate and other members of the Episcopal Church.
Malatya Trial Sentencing Soon to Come
Mission News Network reports that the suspects in the murder of three Christians in Turkey may soon be sentenced. Salih Guler, Cuma Ozdemir, Hamit Ceker and Abuzer Yildirim allegedly killed the men as part of a larger plot in Malatya three years ago. "All of us in the Christian church are praying that not only will justice be served here, but that, in the course of this, these young men who perpetrated these crimes will find the hope and the forgiveness that comes through the Gospel of Jesus Christ," says Rody Rodeheaver of I.N. Network. "One of the things that has emerged from this is a global day of prayer for Turkey, which was started a year ago to commemorate the deaths of these young men. But it has been broadened to call attention to the fact that God is at work in Turkey through His church."
Vatican Orders Bishops to Report Charges to Police
Religion News Service reports that the Vatican yesterday published an on-line guide to its disciplinary procedures in processing cases of sexually abusive priests, reiterating a mandate to cooperate with local civil authorities. Running less than 700 words in length, the guide is intended for lay people and non-specialists in church law. Based on a 2001 decree by Pope John Paul II, it explains in ordinary language the rules followed by church officials, both at the local level and at the Vatican, in investigating and punishing cases of sex abuse. According to the guide, the "local diocese investigates every allegation of sexual abuse of a minor by a cleric," and refers every allegation with a "semblance of truth" to the Vatican's doctrinal office, which since 2001 has had global jurisdiction over cases of pedophile priests.


text: So I was looking for a multitouch piano app for my EVO. All the ones I tried didn't work so well and weren't multitouch. I read in a few reviews that Piano by SplashApps was a good Multitouch piano. I can find them on Appbrain, but it's not in the market anymore. http://www.appbrain.com/app/com.splashapps.splashpiano.android.lite If I visit the devs website I can't even find any reference to it. Anyone know what happened? Will it be back? Is there a better piano App? Thanks in advance.