text:
Violence and threats have forced more than 10,000 Iraqi refugees in Syria to flee the country over the past week, the United Nations refugee agency said today, with the majority returning to their home country in spite of security concerns.
"Thousands of Iraqi refugees have had to relocate from the Damascus suburb of Seida Zeinab to other suburbs. Some cited direct threats to their safety, while others expressed a fear of being caught up in the violence," the spokesperson for the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Melissa Fleming, told reporters in Geneva.
Ms. Fleming said that many of the refugees have expressed fear regarding the ongoing risks to their safety in Iraq, but said they felt they have little choice given the security threats in Syria.
More than 10,000 people, mostly civilians, have been killed and tens of thousands displaced since the uprising against President Bashar al-Assad began some 16 months ago.
In addition, more than 13,000 Iraqis left Syria in the first half of this year alone, the large majority returning to Iraq, according to UNHCR. However, Iraq has recently experienced a wave of attacks that killed dozens and injured many more, increasing concerns over the security situation in the country.
The refugee agency has increased the number of staff manning hotlines in Syria, with the hotlines overloaded with calls from refugees asking for help and advice.
"Based on calls to the hotlines, we have heard that refugees are running short of food and basic needs, including cooking gas," Ms. Fleming said. "There is a need for medical care with many clinics closed. Many refugees report continued fear for their safety, particularly the women and children."
Ms. Fleming said the Iraqi Government is supporting the return of Iraqi refugees with dedicated flights, and UNCHR is also providing transport. For the remaining refugee population, UNCHR is offering financial assistance so families can prepare themselves in the event that access to services and shops is interrupted.
Many public facilities in Syria such as schools and parks have been turned into makeshift camps, Ms. Fleming said, hosting families which have fled the cities of Damascus and Homs, many of them having been displaced once before already.
She also noted that UNHCR's key national partner, the Syrian Arab Red Crescent, has helped to deliver thousands of blankets, mattresses and essential household items to these areas in the past few days.
Ms. Fleming said many refugees are fleeing to other neighbouring countries, mainly Lebanon, Jordan and Turkey, which have kept their borders open to the thousands of people in need of humanitarian assistance.
"UNHCR is grateful that Jordan, Lebanon, Iraq, and Turkey maintain open borders and that Syrian refugees are being welcomed. With the rapidly deteriorating situation in Syria resulting in increased numbers of refugees, funds are urgently needed so humanitarian actors can continue to respond and deliver urgently needed lifesaving humanitarian assistance in these countries," Ms. Fleming said.
She added that the humanitarian operations supporting Syrian refugees are funded only at 26 per cent of the $192 million required.
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Burden of proof in waste offences
The High Court has dismissed two appeals by the Environment Agency against acquittals given by magistrates on waste disposal offences. The judgment contains important general rulings on the burden of proof in waste prosecutions.
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text:
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Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 573 People
But - I DoIt can be done ...it's mind numbing and sometimes you think WTF??? But there is more to life than sex .... it just adds a little excitement.
MizzBlue72 36-40, F 15 Responses 0 Jan 9, 2009
Need someone to make love.I m from des plaines IL USA..,
ImTiger 26-30, M 0 May 4, 2014
No Life Without Sex...I can't live without sex. I find it everywhere and in lots of things. I have not touched another being sexually since my ill-fated trip to America in 2008. I read it, I write it, I watch it. I hate purely physical **** and need an emotional story plot to be aroused. I am...
TheRealWoman 31-35, F 6 Responses 0 Dec 15, 2009
Mid Life Chaos!As I have reached this age, I find my thoughts have really started to try to peer into my future. At work, I've been much more careful with my sick leave and vacation leave - making sure I have enough time to get 6 weeks paid for operation recovery and illness... Naturally...
married2bf 46-50, M 0 Dec 23, 2008
At Least I Don't Think I'd Want To.Sex is important in my life, yes that important. If for some reason I found myself in the situation I'd have to live without having sex - I don't think I could go on. Its true its only part of my life with my woman - but its an important part, it kind of makes all the getting...
It feels good and I lovethat connection and intimacy I feel. I probably wouldn't be able to never have sex with my significant other. I want them to feel wanted 100%, soul, body, heart and mind.
reesekitty14 22-25, F 3 Nov 29, 2014
My Good Habits...Today we have a serious conversation with a friend about bed pleasures: "How many times in a night?" "three times before I fell asleep, and at half past two when I woke up, twice." "I met six times." 'this morning? " "Twice in bed, once in the bathtub." "I am not able to...
skyfone464 41-45, F 0 Feb 21, 2013
It's a Matter of Taste!After the incredible and long self chosen dry spell, I hardly eat food anymore and my appetite and desire lie elsewhere. I find even after a few hours, I feel I just can't take it anymore. It sucks when your partner cannot keep up with you or almost gives you that...
RedheadJolene 41-45, F 21 Responses 0 Sep 15, 2008
I Cannot Understand ThisAlmost 100% of the population CANNOT LIVE WITHOUT SEX, AS IF "SEX" = FREEDOM, KNOWLEDGE, UNDERSTANDING OR MUCH BETTER. All animals HAVE SEX. THIS PLANET IS OVERPOPULATED. The most of you also quite much only stay with the lowest level of sex.
Thought1 22-25 2 Responses 0 Dec 16, 2009
Life Without Sex?So much of my life has been about sex. I cannot imagine what life would be like without sex. To me, it would have to be pretty bad because I have always enjoyed sex soooo very much. To live without sex is not something that I ever think I could ever do. Nor do I think that guys...
LittleBlondeSlut 18-21, F 1 Response 4 Nov 10, 2010
Afternoon Delight...This afternoon I had a visit younger friend Anna Marie.I invite her in a garden where we drank coffee together and we chat.We lie on a sun lounger, relaxing and then what I see in the middle of the conversation: "You caresses?" ask her. She noughty looked and nodded, not able...
skyfone464 41-45, F 5 Feb 25, 2013
I don't think, I know.I love sex, I'm always horny and I'm always thinking about it. I need it maintain myself and I know how crazy it sounds. It relives stress, helps me sleep better, regulates my body temperature, and keeps me healthy overall. I honestly don't think I would die without it, but I...
sex according to just needs of life is thisimportant food clothing shelter SEX in that order. no I did not just make it up. I am your typical smart nerd that remembers everything.
Alphasig1845 36-40, M 2 Responses 2 Oct 2, 2015
Sex Is Essential For LifeTo those who are living without a sex partner, can use self pleasure routine.. and they do. It's acceptable form of sexual behaviour. Age has lot to do with sexual desires but mind needs sexual fantasies to stay sane.
SunnyBelle 26-30, F 13 Responses 1 Mar 6, 2010
What He Need From Me...Today's party was something expachle.His wish was my comand.My only task was of course to make him happy. So I found myself on my knees between his legs, when this horny husband stood to have his balls look into my wide open mouth. Particularly by the turn on when he spoke...
skyfone464 41-45, F 0 Feb 24, 2013
So GooodOnce you know sex you cant deprive that .With love nothing compares.
deeplydisturbed 26-30, M 0 Nov 11, 2012


text:
Rick Sharga
Last quote by Rick Sharga
Some of the regulatory issues that have been put in by state and local governments, some of the capital constraints that the independent builders are facing, the labor shortages in a lot of markets, have all conspired to make this a very difficult recovery for new-home builders.feedback
May 23 2017
The latest quote from Rick Sharga is: "What we're seeing is a return to population growth. Prior to the housing bust, Las Vegas had some of the steadiest population growth in the country. We're starting to see that again. And we're starting to see job growth.". It comes from the Here are the nation's healthiest-and unhealthiest-housing markets article. You'll find on this page 6 articles with Rick Sharga quoted on topics such as York City and San Francisco. Rick Sharga has been quoted 10 times in 6 articles.
Take our quote verification challenge and find out !
Quotes by Rick Sharga
Mar 27 2017
What we're seeing is a return to population growth. Prior to the housing bust, Las Vegas had some of the steadiest population growth in the country. We're starting to see that again. And we're starting to see job growth.feedback
Mar 02 2017
They take inventory that's not ready and make it available for buyers. They're not selling them for prices above the local market, either, because they want to be able to sell quickly to move on to their next project. The smallest investors flip a handful of homes each year and do the work themselves, while the larger ones have a network of real estate agents to identify deals and contractors to do the work.feedback
Mar 02 2017
About a year or so ago, we saw that investors purchasing property on Auction.com flipped from holding their properties to flipping them in the majority of markets.feedback
Nov 02 2016
We're really seeing a lot more discussion about things like reforming or rejecting the Dodd-Frank [financial reform] bill. We've seen a lot of discussion about easing regulatory burden on the industry which was put on it by Dodd-Frank and by the CFPB [Consumer Financial Protection Bureau].feedback
Nov 02 2016
The contention seems to be that some of the rules established in Dodd-Frank and the CFPB make it difficult for qualified borrowers to get a loan and make it difficult for lenders to justify making loans because of the regulatory and litigation risk.feedback
Sep 08 2016
We have seen more properties selling at the initial foreclosure auction. They don't become REOs.feedback
Sep 08 2016
Imagine a zombie foreclosure that's been vacant two to three years somewhere in the Northeast now becoming a bank-owned property. That is not for a first-time homebuyer and maybe not even for an investor. These are not properties that are going to fix the inventory problem, at least not when they are first repossessed.feedback
Jul 06 2016
The explosive growth of the Chinese economy created a very large number of very wealthy people. As that country's economy has slowed down, those individuals are looking for better investment alternatives, and many have concluded that U.S. real estate is a smart bet.feedback
Jul 06 2016
The slight drop in dollar volume can probably be accounted for based on the types of properties purchased, and the locations of many of those properties. We've seen at least some evidence that foreign buyers – both investors and people just looking for a home – have begun looking beyond expensive markets like San Francisco, New York City and Washington D.C., and buying properties in smaller, less-expensive cities in the Southeast and Midwest.feedback
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text: 52-Week Efficacy of Adalimumab in Patients with Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis Who Failed Corticosteroids and/or ImmunosuppressantsReinisch, Walter MD*; Sandborn, William J. MD†; Panaccione, Remo MD‡; Huang, Bidan PhD§; Pollack, Paul F. MD§; Lazar, Andreas MD‖; Thakkar, Roopal B. MD§Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: July 2013 - Volume 19 - Issue 8 - p 1700–1709 doi: 10.1097/MIB.0b013e318281f2b7 Original Clinical Articles Abstract In Brief Author Information Background: The results of an open-label follow-up until week 52 of patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who participated in a double-blind placebo-controlled adalimumab induction trial (ULTRA 1, NCT00385736) are reported. Methods: The study included adult anti–tumor necrosis factor–naive patients who completed double-blind adalimumab induction under an amended protocol (intent-to-treat [ITT]-A3 population) or any version of the protocol (ITT-E). Patients randomized to placebo received adalimumab beginning at week 8; patients randomized to adalimumab continued every other week dosing. Weekly dosing was allowed beginning at week 14 (original protocol) or week 12 (amended protocol). Clinical remission (Mayo score ≤2, no subscore >1), clinical response (decrease in Mayo score ≥3 points and ≥30% from baseline, plus decrease in rectal bleeding subscore ≥1 or absolute rectal bleeding subscore ≤1), mucosal healing (endoscopy subscore ≤1), escalation to weekly dosing, and reduction in corticosteroid use were assessed at week 52 in the pooled ITT-A3 and pooled ITT-E populations, using modified nonresponder imputation. Results: Rates of clinical remission, clinical response, and mucosal healing at week 52 for the ITT-A3 population (N = 390) were 29.5%, 53.6%, and 46.7%, respectively; 38.8% of week 8 responders achieved clinical remission at week 52. Of patients using baseline corticosteroids (N = 234), 56.0% were corticosteroid-free at week 52 (26.1% in clinical remission). Results of the ITT-E population were similar. No new safety issues were identified. Conclusions: In this open-label study, adalimumab was effective for maintaining clinical remission in anti–tumor necrosis factor–naive patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who did not adequately respond to conventional therapy. Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text.Article first published online 9 May 2013 *Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; †Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California; ‡Gastroenterology Research, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; §AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois; and ‖AbbVie Deutschland GmbH & Co, KG, Ludwigshafen, Germany. Reprints: Walter Reinisch, MD, Clinic Internal Medicine III, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com). Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text and are provided in the HTML and PDF versions of this article on the journal's Web site (www.ibdjournal.org). Supported by AbbVie Inc. Author disclosures are available in the Acknowledgments. Received September 28, 2012 Accepted November 19, 2012 © Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America, Inc.


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The Sony DCR-SX21E/B supports MPEG2 file format during video recording, which can even be watched on a laptop or computer. To watch your favorite memories recorded by Sony DCR-SX21E on Mac, the
apple QuickTime may be your first choice. AS these files were recorded as MPEG-2 fomrat which is not on the QT support video list. As a result, QuickTime Player will not recognize Sony DCR-SX21E
MPEG-2 files and will not import them.
MOV is a popular video format using a proprietary compression algorithm and compatible with both Macintosh and Windows platforms. To convert your MPG to MOV format can help you play MPG video with Apple QuickTime (MOV) for more enjoyment. Therefore this article shows you how to convert Sony DCR-SX21E MPEG-2 to Quicktime MOV in Mac and Windows (Windows 8 included) step by step:
We can use Brorsoft Video Converter for Mac be your assistant. It is a professional video converter, player and editor. With it, you can fast convert MPG files to MOV, MP4, AVI, MKV, FLV, etc on Mac with excellent output video quality. Plus, this Mac video converter also allows you to convert MPG to optimal formats for FCP, iMovie, FCE, etc editing programs. Thanks to its combined Edit feature, you can also add effects to you own customized videos to make them more amazing than ever. If you are running on Windows, please turn to Brorsoft Video Converter. Download the right version and get the detailed solution.
Download MPG to MOV Converter:
(Note: Click here for OS X 10.5)
How to Convert Sony DCR-SX21E/B MPG to QuickTime MOV on Mac
STEP 1. Import MPG files into the Mac converter: directly drag and drop the files to your MPG to MOV converter for Mac. Or you can head to the "Add" button to locate the MPEG files you want to add.
Tip: If you want to convert the video files at one time, you can apply the batch conversion by adding several files at a time.
STEP 2. Choose QuickTime MOV as the output format
Click format you choose MOV as target format. This video app offers the QuickTime Movie Format for you. Or, you can also choose "Common Video -> MOV - QuickTime (*.mov)" as the output format.
Tip: This MPG to MOV Mac Converter allows you adjust video codec, bit rate, frame rate, sample rate, and audio channels by clicking the Settings icon.
STEP 3. Start the MPEG/MPG to QuickTime Mac conversion
Hit the "Convert" button to let this smart converter start the Sony SR21E/B MPG to MOV conversion on Mac OS X. When the conversion is done, you can play output MOV video in QuickTime without hassle/
Related Guides:
How to Convert MPG to iMovie on Mac
How to Import MPG into Final Cut Pro X
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How to Convert MPG to MP4, MOV, FLV, AVI, MKV...
How to get Pinnacle Studio 17 Recognize iPhone Video files
Editing Sony Handycam DCR-SR videos in Final Cut Pro X
Editing Sony Handycam DCR-SR videos in iMovie 11/10/09
Import/convert MPG to Final Cut Pro (X) on OS X Yosemite
Take MP4 clips off Sony PMW-EX1 and Edit with Final Cut Pro
Take GoPro Hero 2/Hero3 footage and import to Premiere Pro CC/CS6


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07-28-09, 11:25 #1Registered User
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- Apr 2009
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Unanswered: command to get db2 instance profile path
db2ilist will list all db2 instances
what command is for listing the path of any one of the instances
07-28-09, 13:01 #2Super Moderator
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- Aug 2001
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what do you mean by Path of the instance ?
The sqllib directory (which is where all executeables and many configs for the instance are stored) will be in the instance owner's home directory
This is on Unix
On windows, it will be a sub-directory of the sqlllib directory ...
For instance DB2, it will be
For instance MYINST it will be
HTHVisit the new-look IDUG Website , register to gain access to the excellent content.
07-28-09, 16:22 #3∞∞∞∞∞∞
- Join Date
- Aug 2008
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- Toronto, Canada
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If this is unix/linux, try "db2greg -dump" and then look at the line that begins with "I"
07-28-09, 16:48 #4Registered User
Originally Posted by db2girl
- Join Date
- Nov 2005
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- 557
that is great. This works better then a find command. Specially that people where I am now decided to set up unix group access in such a way that prevents me from finding db2profile. Where this command gives me what I need and much faster.
p.s. any idea why there is almost no documentation on this command?--
IBM Certified DBA on DB2 for Linux, UNIX, and Windows
DB2 v188.8.131.52 os 126.96.36.199
07-28-09, 19:05 #5∞∞∞∞∞∞
- Join Date
- Aug 2008
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- Toronto, Canada
- Posts
- 2,378
There is not really much to document since most people would only use -dump option. Other options require root and should not really be used without contacting DB2 support. This could be the reason why they don't have much documentation on this.


text:
Jeremy and Michael: I'm certain you get thousands of requests for advice and unfortunately I'm no exception. Help. I've hit a brick wall on deciding which car is right for my needs. I need to replace my 3-Series BMW with a more fuel-efficient vehicle; my daily commute will take me from Toronto to Hamilton.
I've narrowed it down to three vehicles: the new Ford Focus SEL, the Honda Fit and the Volkswagen Golf TDI wagon. I've driven all three cars and liked them.
The Focus surprised me with its handling and ride, but the lack of a sixth gear disappoints. The Fit also surprised me with its willingness and a nimble roundabout feel to it, but it revved quite high on the highway (no sixth gear). It was a little too noisy. The Golf wagon TDI drove great, lots of power, and I'm told is great on gas. The VW will take a while to recoup the added cost, though. Any help from your vast knowledge of these vehicles would very much appreciated. – Paul in Toronto
Cato: We get plenty of letters, Paul; few are as generous and respectful as yours. My friend Vaughan here can be a little testy with some writers. Even he must appreciate your courtesy.
Vaughan: Cato, you're not selling used cars. Just answer his question. In fact, he answered his own question, but I'll jolly him along for a little while to show how sensitive I am toward our readers.
Paul, you find yourself facing one of the nastier commutes and I feel your pain. I have navigated the Toronto-to-Hamilton drive often myself and it's awful – taxing, exhausting and utterly devoid of even a single redeeming quality.
Cato: Oh great. After channelling Don Rickles all his life, now Vaughan thinks he's Dr. Phil.
Watch, he'll probably say, "Paul, you seem dazed and confused because you vehicle choices seem a little, well, shall we say all over the map."
Vaughan: They are all over the map. This guy doesn't know the difference between his – oh, wait, sorry. I meant to say, Paul your suggestions are a trifle inconsistent.
The Fit is a Japanese subcompact best known for its abundant storage space. It's the least powerful of this trio, but highly fuel-efficient as far as gas-engined cars go. The Focus is a new compact from Ford. It is much bigger and more costly car than the Fit and has a good engine and decent fuel economy.
However, Paul – may I call you Paul – the Golf TDI is a very different kind of vehicle. You'll be spending plenty of time on the highway where a diesel does its best work and you have expressed how satisfied you were with its test drive. It seems to me you've found your answer.
Cato: I'm not sure that the new obsequious Vaughan is any improvement over the old obnoxious one.
But Dr. Phil here has failed fully to appreciate your needs, Paul. First, are you sure you want to jump out of a nimble, fun-to-drive BMW 3-Series and into a station wagon? At the very least, consider the four-door hatchback version of the Golf.
Vaughan: Well, there you are. My friend Jeremy – may I call you Jeremy – has suggested something of value. I agree with him, Paul; go for the Golf five-door with a diesel. You'll love it and 10 years from now, when you have 300,000 kilometres on the clicker, it will still be turning over smoothly and saving you money at the pump. Nice work, Jeremy.
Cato: Hang on, here. Let's just put some numbers in play. The Focus Paul likes lists for $22,399 and Ford of Canada surely has some discounting at work, which will lower that price – the Recycle Your Ride program, for instance, is worth $1,000-$3,000 to any Ford buyer, depending on what you buy.
That SEL Focus is pretty well equipped and a treat to drive. The manual gearbox is slightly disappointing, I agree, but it does the job well enough. The engine is great, the chassis responsive and the styling inside and out is outstanding.
Paul, are you willing to pay at least $3,000 more for the least expensive Golf TDI four-door hatch, which lists for $25,425? Important question. I will say that VW Canada, when last I checked, had at least a $1,000 factory incentive in play, however.
Vaughan: And Paul, neither wise Jeremy nor I see the Honda Fit in this race at all. It's a city runabout and not a highway commuter car. As you observantly noted, Paul, it is too noisy. You'd need the Sport version for the highway and it's $18,780 and not really in tune with your well-expressed needs.
Cato: At the risk of hurting Vaughan's feelings, focus on the Focus, Paul.
Vaughan: Cato, put a sock in it. Paul, get the diesel. You've already told us it's the car for you.
2011 Honda Fit Sport
2012 Volkswagen Golf Comfortline TDI four-door hatchback
2012 Ford Focus SEL four-door hatchback
Wheelbase (mm)
Length (mm)
Width (mm)
Height (mm)
1.5-litre four-cylinder
2.0-litre four-cylinder, diesel, turbocharged
2.0-litre four-cylinder
Output (horsepower/torque)
117/106 lb-ft
140/236172 lb-ft
160/146 lb-ft
Drive system
Front-wheel drive
Front-wheel drive
Front-wheel drive
Five-speed manual
Six-speed manual
Five-speed manual
Curb weight (kg)
Fuel economy (litres/100 km)
7.1 city/5.7 highway
6.7 city/4.6 highway
7.8 city/5.5 highway
Base price (MSRP)
Source: car manufacturers
Jeremy Cato and Michael Vaughan are co-hosts of Car/Business, which appears Fridays at 8 p.m. on Business News Network and Saturdays at 11:30 a.m. on CTV.


text:
The Sandoval Signpost (Web edition) is pleased
as punch (diet punch that is) to bring you the humor
and insightful human observations of Daniel Will Harris,
author of My
Wife and Times. —Ed].
A few days ago I opened my closet door and found myself staring into a dark maw of nothingness. Where had all my clothes gone?
I immediately started to think of the most ludicrous possibilities first. A thief must have come in, cleared out my closet, but left everything else in the house. OK, that seemed unrealistic, even to me.
Maybe a rift in the time-space continuum had opened in the precise location of my closet, and now, instead of a gateway to cotton, wool and the occasional poly blend, it was a portal to another dimension.
This seemed only slightly more likely than my first thought, so I took a second look, and out of the bottom of my eye, noticed the top of the clothes rod, with all the clothes "hanging" on it--just a few feet lower than it should have been. In a brilliant stroke of deductive reasoning, I figured that unless I'd suddenly grown 48" in the past few hours, the rod must have moved.
I looked at where it used to be and saw that the bracket on the right side had split clean in half, sending the rod and clothes to the floor (or as close as they could get in my crowded closet).
It seemed like a sure sign from the universe that I had too many clothes. But I couldn't figure out when this had happened, and why I hadn't heard it. Neither my wife or I heard anything, which makes me think I should have my hearing checked, or look at the blueprints of my house to see why my closet is soundproofed.
Since I loathe doing any kind of home repair, I either wanted to learn to live with it this way, or call someone to fix it. But even _I_ could look at the little wooden bracket, held on with a single screw, and think I could replace it. Though not immediately, as it was Sunday and there wasn't a hardware store within 30 miles of me that was open, and besides, I seem to remember reading that the great almighty frowns on performing home repairs on a Sunday. Yet another reason to love Sundays.
Luckily I didn't need anything in that closet, which made me wonder why it was so full. I have a small closet where I put my favorite clothes so I just went there to get pants and a sweater.
If I could only figure out a way to know, in advance, which clothes I'd want to wear almost daily, then I'd only need maybe two pairs of pants, two shirts and a sweater. But I can only figure this out once I've bought something and worn it, by which time it doesn't seem right to return it. So I have a big closet full of stuff I wear occasionally if ever, and a very small closet of the things I like to wear every day.
When Monday came around I went out and bought a new bracket, which cost $1.19. I came home and was amazed when I was able to remove the screw that I was sure would have to be dynamited from the wall.
I screwed in the new bracket. Just like that. All done. Or so I thought. When I started to remove clothes from the rod so it would be light enough to lift, I realized that about half the things in the closet were either too big, too ugly, or too Miami Vice, and should have been put out with the first Bush administration.
So I started making piles of things to 1) take to the local thrift store, 2) sell on eBay to someone in an 80's time warp, 3) rediscover things I'd totally forgotten and really liked, so it was like shopping and getting new stuff for free.
I lifted the rod back in place, and of course it wouldn't fit. The new bracket was 1/4 of an inch thicker than the old one. My wife suggested I "bend it." But since the rod was a galvanized steel pipe I couldn't bend it into place until my cape with the big "S" on it came back from the cleaners.
I had no tools for cutting pipe and my nail file seemed futile. So I put the pipe in the car and, naturally, it was just long enough to dig into the seat and door panels making what I'm sure are permanent dents. I've yet to see a piece of home improvement material that wasn't designed to dent or take the finish off some part of the car.
I drove the inflexible, mean-spirited pipe to the local "building supply" (if you call it a "hardware store" they look at you as if they're going to chase you around the parking lot with a handsaw) to ask if they could trim it.
They don't like cutting things there, I've never been sure why. They've got the big tools and goggles and all, yet if you ask them to cut things they look like _you're_ the only thing they're going to cut.
But I figured if they wouldn't cut it, then I'd just buy a new one and they'd _have_ to cut that. I pulled out the pipe and said, "Do you have pipes like this? I need one just like this but ¼" shorter. Or, can I pay you to trim this one?" I figured if I offered to pay a lot for a new one, or less for a trim, maybe they'd take pity on me and take my money.
The guy grabbed the pipe and said, "Yeah" and that was all. He put the pipe on the cutting machine and asked, "Are you sure about the ¼" or is that an estimate?" Well, I'd measured twice but I wasn't really sure, and I did know if he cut too much it would just fall through the bracket, so I said, "I'm sure it's an estimate."
I tried not to look when he made the cut, I didn't want to jinx it. He told his co-worker, "Charge him for a one inch cut," which was four times more than he actually removed but since the bill came to $1.74 I didn't think it was worth it to argue.
He handed me the pipe, now dripping with oil and I saw this as one more element in the home-improvement-car-hating-conspiracy. I wiped it off as best I could and put it in the car, pretty sure the $1.74 cut would cause at least $174 worth of damage to the interior.
I got the pipe home and held my breath as I put it in place... and.... it.... let's just say I didn't expect it to fit, so I wouldn't have been surprised or disappointed if it hadn't. But amazingly it did. I put my clothes back, now arranged by summer/winter, then by color, so my clothes now look like a rayon rainbow.
I also took the opportunity to clean the floor of the closet, which had grown like layers of sedimentary rock, here a strata from the 70's (was that polyester shirt ever going to turn back into oil?), there a strata from the 80's (them's mighty big collars!), and the 90's (is that a Hawaiian shirt or a tent?).
Now my closet looks all very "Queer Eye."
Yes, it took an entire day, but it was like a personal history lesson combined with a shopping spree. It's almost enticed me into cleaning the Grand Canyon of storage spaces, the garage. Almost. I'll have to wait until something there falls down.
you would like to read more fabulous stories,
you need Daniel Will Harris's My Wife and Times. The 148
page book contains stories that are conveniently short, perfect
for bedtime reading, or between airport friskings. Price: $15 postpaid
and is available for purchase online at will-harris.com/schmoozeletter/or on Amazon.com.
Ad Rates Back Issues Contact Us Front Page Up Front Animal News Around Town Sandoval Arts Business Classifieds Calendar Community Bits Community Center Eco-Beat Featured Artist Gauntlet Health Community Links Night Sky My
Wife and Times Public Safety Real
People Stereogram Time Off Youth


text:
follow up from this post
This incredible journey is coming to a close and I want YOU to join ME so we can watch the final episode of The Vampire Diaries...together. I'll even share embarrassing stories from set. It's all for a good cause. Are you in? Enter by clicking the link in my bio or going to omaze.com/ian ;) Thank you all!! Love, Ian
via Instagram & omaze.com/Ian


text:
Rachel Hewson
Church Services: for Sunday, November 17 St Robert's Pannal: 8am Holy Communion, 9.30am Parish Communion, 6pm Evening Worship. St Michael and All Angels Beckwithshaw: 6pm Evensong.
Fizz Night at Pannal Primary: this great shopping event takes place on Wednesday, November 20 with lots of great Christmas shopping stalls, a raffle and a glass of fizz whilst you walk round and shop! It's a great social way to help the school to fundraise and to bag yourself some unique Christmas presents. The event takes place from 7 to 9pm in the school hall at Pannal Primary. Entrance fee is £3 or £5 for two tickets in advance or on the door for £3.50 each. Secondary school children only please. You can buy tickets either on the door or from the school office at Pannal Primary School, Pannal Green. Alternatively you can contact Dee for tickets at email@example.com
St Robert's Mothers' Union: the Harrogate Deanery Mothers' Union Advent Service will be held in St Robert's Church on Wednesday, December 4 at 11am followed by a faith lunch.
Beckwithshaw Village Hall Coffee Morning: the next one will be held on Tuesday, November 19 from 10-11.30am. Come along for a cup of coffee or tea and a piece of cake plus a raffle ticket for £2.
News and events: please let me know if you would like to publicise your news or an event in Pannal and Burn Bridge. I need to know eight days in advance of publication so that I can include the details.


text:
407: The Bridge
May 7, 2010
We bring you stories of bridges from three different countries, including one in China that's famous for its massive size and its high suicide rate. One takes it upon himself to patrol the bridge, looking for jumpers. You can read entries from the watchman's blog here. This and other stories where we stop before getting to the other side.
- Cut ThisClip and share your favorite moments
- There is a four mile long bridge in Naan-jing China, famous for how many people jump off to commit suicide. In 2003, a man named Chen Sah began spending all of his weekends on the bridge, trying to single handedly stop the jumpers. Reporter Mike Paterniti tells his story of meeting Mr. Chen. (15 minutes) A story Paterniti wrote about Mr. Chen appears in GQ Magazine.


text:
|13 Dec 2013
No network adapters showing on Device Manager.No light on ethernet hub
Windows 7 Professional 64 Bit
Thing is, my computer can't get connected to internet.
I don't really know when this started, but I've already re-installed windows completely deleting all previous data and i am still with the same problem. re-installed also motherboard drivers. but nothing.
Looking in some forums i tried the following to solve this in cmd: reset TCP IP (with netsh int ip reset resetlog.txt), reset WINSOCK (netsh winsock reset catalog).
None solved it.
Also i tried in cmd as i saw in forums:
ping 22.214.171.124 (What does this mean?)
pinging 184.108.40.206 with 32 bytes of data:
PING:transmit failed. General Failure.
PING:transmit failed. General Failure.
PING:transmit failed. General Failure.
PING:transmit failed. General Failure.
Ping statistics for 130,206.1.2:
Packets: Sent =4, Received = 0, Lost 4 (100% loss),
Host Name . . . . . . . . : nicoPC
Primary Dns Suffix . . : "(empty)"
Node Type . . . . . . . . : Hybrid
IP Routing Enabled . : No
WINS Proxy Enabled. : No
ping Yahoo
ping request could not find host Yahoo. please check the name and try again.
Thanks in advance, Please help me!!
|My System Specs
|13 Dec 2013
Welcome to the forums nikosaqui !
When you look in Device Manager, do you see any yellow triangles with exclamation marks? When did this problem start? Have you tried a system restore to a point before this started?
|My System Specs
|13 Dec 2013
nope, none yellow mark on device manager, just network adapters is missing. I can't remember when it started , and i did restore whole windows! (Full delete of partitions, and re-install windows as if computer was new) haha, But still the same!
|My System Specs
|13 Dec 2013
I see in your spec.'s that your machine is custom built,did you build it yourself? If not you could get in touch with whoever built it for you and find out which network adapter is installed, if any. Do you still have the Support disc that came with your motherboard?
Have you tried these? http://windows.microsoft.com/en-US/w...apter-problems
|My System Specs
|Thread Tools
|Similar help and support threads
some adapters are not showing , and show network status not working ..
Hi , i had this problem since months ago the problem is that i cannot see my connection status , when i click on connection icon and right click on current connection then click status it show nothing , and when i click on Open Network and Sharing Center > Change Adapter settings , there is...
|Network & Sharing
Wireless Adapters won't install, plus Device Manager shows empty.
I've had this problem with my Windows 7 64bit OS ever since it updated a while back (I'm not sure what updates). The wireless adapter that was already installed stopped working, then two successive new wireless adapters (both usb) failed to work as well. The computer just refuses to detect them...
|Hardware & Devices
Unable to uninstall wireless network adapters from device manager.
Hello folks. In Windows Home Premium 64bit we encounter this problem on a machine after trying to uninstall a norton product manually. The norton software led to serious problems of randomly emerging BSODs. As system uninstall did not work we researched a tutorial on how to manually...
|Network & Sharing
Network adapter not showing on device manager
Hi, yesterday i got my friend to download windows 7 on my mac via bootcamp. i got it back today and i tried my wireless at home but didn't work. so i tried LAN line as well, which didn't work either. i went through few sites, they all told me to go on device manager and update my drives. The...
|Network & Sharing
Random Network Adapters Appearing in device manager (Windows 7 x64)
yesterday i booted up my computer and when i logged in it would totally freeze halfway done loading all my startup programs. I finally got it logged in by logging in with the wifi switch off. but when i got on all my network adapters werent there i checked the device manager i had a bunch of new...
network adapter not showing up in device manager
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text:
Category: Stock Graphic, Illustrations
Stock Graphic >> Illustration - Peonies for Wedding 287508 by GraphikCliparts @ CreativeMarket
File Size: 16.33 MB; Requirements: Adobe CS2+; DPI: 300 DPI; Vector: Yes; Dimensions: 8 x 8 in.
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text:
Indesit Glass shelf (478x305x4mm) by Indesit
Save 16%!
In Stock
5 sold
Item Information
Indesit Glass shelf (478x305x4mm) Genuine Indesit spare part
Glass Shelf (478x305x4)
- Manufacturer Number
Fits the Following Models
Choose a manufacturer to reveal the models that the part Indesit Glass shelf (478x305x4mm) is suitable for.
Search our range of Indesit Glass shelf (478x305x4mm) C00284073 by Indesit models by entering your model number to perform a search.
Customer Reviews
Write the first review of Indesit Glass shelf (478x305x4mm).
Questions & Answers
Does the glass shelf have a plastic edge at the front and back?
08 Mar 2015 by Erica
This item is the glass only, and does not have a plastic edge front or back.
09 Mar 2015 by Anonymous
Delivery Information
For UK orders we offer a Free Delivery, Standard or Next Working Day delivery service.
We have separate delivery charges for Europe, North America, Japan and the Rest of the World based on the size, weight and destination of your order.
Please view our About Delivery page for full details.
Returns & Refunds
If an item is faulty or damaged on delivery and we are notified within 24 hours we will arrange for a replacement or a refund of the item - it needs to be within this time period for us to make claims with our couriers.
If you have simply changed your mind or no longer require the item(s), you must notify us within 7 days from receiving your order. The item(s) must be in their original unused and unopened packaging and be in a resalable condition for a full refund. You will need to pay for the cost of returning the item(s) and the item(s) remain your responsibility until we receive them.
Please view our Returns & Refunds page for full details.


text:
GraphicRiver Odra Powerpoint Template 8336335
Presentation Template \ PowerPoint Templates
Powerpoint \ Template \ Creative \ Corporate \ Agency \ Charts \ Images \ Change
Presentation Template - Odra Powerpoint Template 8336335 by MuseFrame @ GraphicRiver
Presentation Template \ PowerPoint Templates
Odra – Powerpoint Template
Odra – is a modern and clean Powerpoint Template designed for Corporate, Creative, Agency or Multipurpose. To edit this template with Powerpoint is very easy! You can change colors, texts or replace the images in a few minutes. All Shapes are editable via Powerpoint.
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text:
3418 Whistlers Cir., Heber, AZ 85928
- $349,800
- 1+ Years on site
- Est: $1,296/month
Estimate Your Monthly Payment
Data provided by Informa Research Services. Payments do not include amounts for taxes and insurance premiums. The actual payment obligation will be greater if taxes and insurance are included. Click here for more information on rates and product details.
- Mortgage Center
- Beds: 2
- Baths: 2 Full
- Single Family Home
- 1,925 sq ft
A magnificent High Country Pines II Chalet in the Rim Community of Heber AZ. This gorgeous split log sided cabin is framed by a beautifully treed . 86 acre homesite on a quiet cul-de-sac and features a great room w/a wall of windows and a soaring floor to ceiling stone faced fireplace, large kitchen w/ an island, granite counter-tops and alder cabinetry, knotty pine T&G ceilings, exposed wood beams, 10' lodgepole support posts, surround sound, alder interior doors, an enormous loft also w/a wall of windows that can double as an extra sleeping area. The downstairs master suite has a private entry and exit as does the guest bedroom. The exterior boasts a covered rear deck, an extended length wrap around front deck, stone faced piers and chimney, a two car garage and is beautifully landscaped. Click here to learn more about this listing.
- Single Family Home
- Beds: 2
- Baths: 2 Full
Listing Details
- Dining Room
- Yes
- Kitchen
- Yes
- Dining Area
- Yes
- Appliances
- Dishwasher, Microwave, Range, Refrigerator
- Fireplace
- Yes (1)
- Flooring
- Carpeted, Tile, Vinyl
- Features
- Cathedral/Vaulted Ceilings
- Lot Size
- Approximately 37461 Square Feet
- Roof
- Shingle Roof
- Features
- Deck
- Tax Amount
- $1,699
- Tax Year
- 2015
- Cooling
- Ceiling Fan
- Heating
- Forced Air, Gas, Wood/Coal Heat
Local Info
| Median Household Income
| Median Years In Residence
| Median Homeowner Age
| Households with Children
| Percent of Homes Rented
Nearby Elementary Schools
- Capps Elementary School
- 3375 Buckskin Canyon Rd
- Mountain Meadows Primary School
- 2181 West Country Club Dr
Nearby Middle Schools
- Mogollon Jr High School
- 3375 Buckskin Rd
- Mogollon High School
- 3450 Mustang Ave
Nearby High Schools
- Mogollon High School
- 3450 Mustang Ave
These are the closest schools to your requested location. Proximity does not guarantee enrollment eligibility. Please consult your real estate agent or school district to confirm the schools you are zoned to attend.
Property Contact Info
Need More Information?
Please fill out this form to request more photos or more information regarding this property.


text:
CHAPTER 4: Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems. In t his chapter we deal with some of the very old or quite old cryptosystems that were primarily used in the pre-computer era. IV054. These cryptosystems are too weak nowadays, too easy to break, especially with computers.
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In this chapter we deal with some of the very old or quite old cryptosystems that were primarily used in the pre-computer era.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Cryptology (= cryptography + cryptoanalysis)
has more than two thousand years of history.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Sound approaches to cryptography
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
The cryptography deals the problem of sending a message (plaintext, cleartext), through a insecure channel, that may be tapped by an adversary (eavesdropper, cryptanalyst), to a legal receiver.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Plaintext-space:P – a set of plaintexts over an alphabet
Cryptotext-space:C – a set of cryptotexts (ciphertexts) over alphabet
Key-space:K – a set of keys
Each key k determines an encryption algorithmek and an decryption algorithmdk such that, for any plaintext w, ek (w) is the corresponding cryptotext and
As encryption algorithms we can use also randomized algorithms.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
CAESAR can be used to encrypt words in any alphabet. In order to encrypt words in English alphabet we use:
Key-space: {0,1,…,25}
An encryption algorithmek substitutes any letter by the one occurring k positions ahead (cyclically) in the alphabet.
A decryption algorithmdksubstitutes any letter by the one occurring kpositions backward (cyclically) in the alphabet.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Examplee2(EXAMPLE) = GZCOSNG,
e3(EXAMPLE) = HADPTOH,
e1(HAL) = IBM,
e3(COLD) = FROG
Example Find the plaintext to the following cryptotext obtained by the encryption with CAESAR with k= ?.
Cryptotext: VHFUHW GH GHXA, VHFUHW GH GLHX,
Numerical version of CAESAR is defined on the set {0, 1, 2,…, 25} by the encryption algorithm:
ek(i)= (i + k) (mod 26)
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
for encrypion of words in the English alphabet without J.
Key-space: Polybious checkerboards 5×5 with 25 English letters and with rows + columns labeled by symbols.
Encryption algorithm:Each symbol is substituted by the pair of symbols denoting the row and the column of the checkboard in which the symbol is placed.
Decryption algorithm:???
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
The philosophy of modern cryptoanalysis is embodied in the following principle formulated in 1883 by Jean Guillaume Hubert Victor Francois Alexandre Auguste Kerckhoffs von Nieuwenhof (1835 - 1903).
The security of a cryptosystem must not depend on keeping secret the encryption algorithm. The security should depend only on keeping secret the key.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
(Sir Francis R. Bacon (1561 - 1626))
1. Given ek and a plaintext w, it should be easy to compute c = ek(w).
2. Given dk and a cryptotext c, it should be easy to compute w = dk(c).
3. A cryptotextek(w)should not be much longer than the plaintextw.
4. It should be unfeasible to determine w from ek(w) without knowing dk.
5. The so called avalanche effect should hold: A small change in the plaintext, or in the key, should lead to a big change in the cryptotext (i.e. a change of one bit of the plaintext should result in a change of all bits of the cryptotext, each with the probability close to 0.5).
6. The cryptosystem should not be closed under composition, i.e. not for every two keys k1, k2 there is a key k such that
ek (w) = ek1 (ek2 (w)).
7. The set of keys should be very large.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
The aim of cryptoanalysis is to get as much information about the plaintext
or the key as possible.
Main types of cryptoanalytics attack
1.Cryptotexts-only attack. The cryptanalysts get cryptotexts
c1 = ek(w1),…, cn = ek(wn) and try to infer the key k or as many of the plaintexts w1,…, wn aspossible.
2. Known-plaintexts attack
The cryptanalysts know some pairs wi, ek(wi), 1 <= i <= n, and try to infer k, or at least wn+1 for a new cryptotext many plaintexts ek(wn+1).
3. Chosen-plaintexts attack
The cryptanalysts choose plaintexts w1,…, wn to get cryptotexts ek(w1),…, ek(wn), and try to infer k or at least wn+1 for a new cryptotext cn+1 = ek(wn+1). (For example, if they get temporary access to encryption machinery.)
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
4. Known-encryption-algorithm attack
The encryption algorithm ek is given and the cryptanalysts try to get the decryption algorithm dk.
5. Chosen-cryptotext attack
The cryptanalysts know some pairs
(ci , dk(ci)), 1 Łi Ł n,
where the cryptotext ci have been chosen by the cryptanalysts. The aim is to determine the key. (For example, if cryptanalysts get a temporary access to decryption machinery.)
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Let us assume that Alice sends an encrypted message to Bob. What can a bad enemy,called usually Eve (eavesdropper), do?
An eavesdropper can therefore be passive - Eve or active - Mallot.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Confidentiality: Eve should not be able to decrypt the messageAlice sends to Bob.
Data integrity: Bob wants to be sure that Alice's message has not been altered by Eve.
Authentication: Bob wants to be sure that only Alice could have sent the message he has received.
Non-repudiation: Alice should not be able to claim that she did not send messages that she has sent.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
The cryptosystem presented in this slide was probably never used. In spite of that this cryptosystem played an important role in the history of modern cryptography.
We describe Hill cryptosystem or a fixed n and the English alphabet.
Key-space: matrices M of degree n with elements from the set {0, 1,…, 25} such that M-1 mod 26 exist.
Plaintext + cryptotext space: English words of length n.
Encoding: For a word w let cw be the column vector of length n of the codes of symbols of w. (A -> 0, B -> 1, C -> 2, …)
Encryption:cc = Mcw mod 26
Decryption:cw = M-1cc mod 26
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Plaintext: w = LONDON
Cryptotext: MZVQRB
Proof: Exercise
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
A cryptosystem is called secret-key cryptosystem if some secret piece of information – the key – has to be agreed first between any two parties that have, or want, to communicate through the cryptosystem. Example: CAESAR, HILL
A monoalphabetic cryptosystem with letter-by-letter substitution is uniquely specified by a permutation of letters. (Number of permutations (keys) is 26!)
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Example:AFFINE cryptosystem is given by two integers
1 Ł a, bŁ 25, gcd(a, 26) = 1.
Encryption:ea,b(x) = (ax + b) mod 26
a = 3, b = 5, e3,5(x) = (3x + 5) mod 26,
e3,5(3) = 14,e3,5(15) = 24 - e3,5(D) = 0,e3,5(P) = Y
Decryption:da,b(y) = a-1(y - b) mod 26
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
The basic cryptanalytic attack against monoalphabetic substitution cryptosystems begins with a frequency count: the number of each letter in the cryptotext is counted. The distributions of letters in the cryptotext is then compared with some official distribution of letters in the plaintext laguage.
The letter with the highest frequency in the cryptotext is likely to be substitute for the letter with highest frequency in the plaintext language …. The likehood grows with the length of cryptotext.
Frequency counts in English:
and for other languages:
The 20 most common digrams are (in decreasing order) TH, HE, IN, ER, AN, RE, ED, ON, ES, ST, EN, AT, TO, NT, HA, ND, OU, EA, NG, AS. The six most common trigrams: THE, ING, AND, HER, ERE, ENT.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Cryptoanalysis of a cryptotext encrypted using the AFINE cryptosystem with an encryption algorithm
ea,b(x) = ax + b mod 26
where 0 Ł a, b Ł 25, gcd(a, 26) = 1. (Number of keys: 12 × 26 = 312.)
Example: Assume that an English plaintext is divided into blocks of 5 letter and encrypted by an AFINE cryptosystem (ignoring space and interpunctions) as follows:
How to find
the plaintext?
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Frequency analysis of plainext and
frequency table for English:
First guess:E = X, T = U
Equations4a + b = 23 (mod 26)
19a + b = 20 (mod 26)
Solutions:a = 5, b = 3
Translation table
provides from the above cryptotext the plaintext that starts with KGWTG CKTMO OTMIT DMZEG, what does not make a sense.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Second guess:E = X, A = H
Equations4a + b = 23 (mod 26)
b = 7 (mod 26)
Solutions:a = 4 or a = 17 and therefore a=17
This gives the translation table
and the following
plaintext from the
above cryptotext
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Symbols of the English alphabet will be replaced by squares with or without points and with or without surrounding lines using the following rule:
For example the plaintext:
results in the cryptotext:
Garbage in between method: the message (plaintext or cryptotext) is supplemented by ''garbage letters''.
Richelieu cryptosystem
used sheets of card
board with holes.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Playfair cryptosystem
Invented around 1854 by Ch. Wheatstone.
Key - a Playfair square or a word or text in which repeated letters are then removed and the remaining letters of alphabets are added and divided to form an array.
Example: PLAYFAIR is encrypted as LCMNNFCS
Playfair was used in World War I by British army.
Playfair square:
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
VIGENERE and AUTOCLAVE cryptosystems
Several polyalphabetic cryptosystems are the following modification of the CAESAR cryptosystem.
A 26 ×26 table is first designed with the first row containing a permutation of all symbols of alphabet and all columns represent CAESAR shifts starting with the\break symbol of the first row.
Secondly, for a plaintext w and a key k - a word of the same length as w.
Encryption: the i-th letter of the plaintext - wi is replaced by the letter in the wi-row and ki-column of the table.
VIGENERE cryptosystem: a short keyword p is chosen and
k = Prefix|w|poo
VIGENERE is actually a cyclic version of the CAESAR cryptosystem.
AUTOCLAVE cryptosystem:k = Prefix|w|pw.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
VIGENERE and AUTOCLAVE cryptosystems
Keyword: H A M B U R G
Plaintext: I N J E D E M M E N S C H E N G E S I C H T E S T E H T S E I N E G
Vigenere-key: H A M B U R G H A M B U R G H A M B U R G H A M B U R G H A M B U R
Autoclave-key: H A M B U R G I N J E D E M M E N S C H E N G E S I C H T E S T E H
Vigerere-cryp.: P N V F X V S T E Z T W Y K U G Q T C T N A E E V Y Y Z Z E U O Y X
Autoclave-cryp.: P N V F X V S U R W W F L Q Z K R K K J L G K W L M J A L I A G I N
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Kasiski method (1852)- invented also by Charles Babbage (1853).
Basic observationIf a subword of a plaintext is repeated at a distance that is a multiple of the length of the key, then the corresponding subwords of the cryptotext are the same.
Example, cryptotext:
Substring ''CHR'' occurs in positions 1, 21, 41, 66: expected keywordlength is therefore 5.
Method. Determine the greatest common divisor of the distances between identical subwords (of length 3 or more) of the cryptotext.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Friedman methodLet ni be the number of occurrences of the i-th letter in the cryptotext.
Let l be the length of the keyword.
Let n be the length of the cryptotext. Then it holds
Once the length of the keyword is found it is easy to determine the key using the statistical method of analyzing monoalphabetic cryptosystems.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
The probability that if one selects a pair of symbols from the text, then they are the same is
and it is called the index of coincides.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Assume that a cryptotext is organized into l columns headed by the letters of the keyword
First observation Each column is obtained using the CAESAR cryptosystem.
Probability that two randomly chosen letters are the same in
- the same column is 0.64.
- different columns is 0.38.
The number of pairs of letters in the same column:
The number of pairs of letters in different columns:
The expect number A of pairs of equals letters is
one gets the formula forl from the previous slide.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Binary case:
keyk are binary words of the same length
Encryption:c = w Ĺ k
Decryption:w = c Ĺ k
w = 101101011
k = 011011010
c = 110110001
What happens if the same key is used twice or 3 times for encryption?
c1 = w1Ĺ k, c2 = w2Ĺ k, c3 = w3Ĺ k
c1Ĺ c2 = w1Ĺ w2
c1Ĺ c3 = w1Ĺ w3
c2Ĺ c3 = w2Ĺ w3
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
By Shanon, a cryptosystem is perfect if the knowledge of the cryptotext provides no information whatsoever about its plaintext (with the exception of its length).
It follows from Shannon's results that perfect secrecy is possible if the key-space is as large as the plaintext-space. In addition, a key has to be as long as plaintext and the same key should not be used twice.
An example of a perfect cryptosystem ONE-TIME PAD cryptosystem (Gilbert S. Vernam (1917) - AT&T + Major Joseph Mauborgne).
If used with the English alphabet, it is simply a polyalphabetic substitution cryptosystem of VIGENERE with the key being a randomly chosen English word of the same length as the plaintext.
Proof of perfect secrecy:by the proper choice of the key any plaintext of the same length could provide the given cryptotext.
Did we gain something? The problem of secure communication of the plaintext got transformed to the problem of secure communication of the key of the same length.
Yes: 1. ONE-TIME PAD cryptosystem is used in critical applications
2. It suggests an idea how to construct practically secure cryptosystems.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
The basic idea is very simple: permutate the plaintext to get thecryptotext. Less clear it is how to specify and perform efficiently permutations.
One idea: choose n, write plaintext into rows, with n symbols in each row and then read it by columns to get cryptotext.
Cryptotexts obtained by transpositions, called anagrams, were popular among scientists of 17th century. They were used also to encrypt scientific findings.
Newton wrote to Leibnitz
what stands for: "data aequatione quodcumque fluentes quantitates involvente, fluxiones invenire et vice versa"
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Choose an integer 0<k<25 and a string, called keyword, with at most 25 different letters.
The keyword is then written bellow the English alphabet letters, beginning with the k-symbol, and the remaining letters are written in the alphabetic order after the keyword.
Example: keyword:HOW MANY ELKS, k = 8
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
ExerciseDecrypt the following cryptotext encrypted using the KEYWORD CAESAR and determine the keyword and k
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Step 1. Make the
frequency counts:
Step 2.Cryptotext contains two one-letter words T and Q. They must be A and I. Since T occurs once and Q three times it is likely that T is I and Q is A.
The three letter word UPC occurs 7 times and all other 3-letter words occur only once. Hence
UPC is likely to be THE.
Let us now decrypt the remaining letters in the high frequency group: F,V,I
From the words TU, TF Þ F=S
From UV Þ V=O
From VI Þ I=N
The result after the remaining guesses
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Redundancy of natural languages is of key importance for cryptanalysis.
Would all letters of a 26-symbol alphabet have the same probability, a character would carry lg 26 = 4.7 bits of Information.
The estimated average amount of information carried per letter in meaningful English text is 1.5 bits.
The unicity distance of a cryptosystem is the minimum number of cryptotext (number of letters) required to a computationally unlimited adversary to recover the unique encryption key.
Empirical evidence indicates that if any simple cryptosystem is applied to a meaningful English message, then about 25 cryptotext characters is enough for an experienced cryptanalyst to recover the plaintext.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
IRI BRÄTER, GENF Briefträgerin
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Two basic types of cryptosystems are:
to encrypt simultaneously blocks of plaintext.
encrypt plaintext letter by letter, using encryption that may vary during the encryption process.
Stream cryptosystems are more appropriate in some applications (telecommunication), usually are simpler to implement (also in hardware), usually are faster and usually have no error propagation (what is of importance when transmission errors are highly probable).
Two basic types of stream cryptosystems: secret key cryptosystems
(ONE-TIME PAD) and public-key cryptosystems (Blum-Goldwasser)
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
In block cryptosystems the same key is used to encrypt arbitrarilylong plaintext – block by block - (after dividing each long plaintext w into a sequence of subplaintextsw1w2w3 ).
In stream cryptosystems each block is encryptyd using a different key
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Various techniques are used to compute a sequence of keys. For example, given a keyk
ki = fi (k, k1, k2, …, ki-1)
In such a case encryption and decryption processes generate thefollowing sequences:
Encryption: To encrypt the plaintext w1w2w3 … the sequence
k1, c1, k2, c2, k3, c3, …
of keys and sub-cryptotexts is computed.
Decryption:To decrypt the cryptotext c1c2c3 … thesequence
k1, w1, k2, w2, k3, w3, …
of keys and subplaintexts is computed.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
A keystream is called synchronous if it is independent of theplaintext.
KEYWORD VIGENERE cryptosystem can be seen as an example of a synchronouskeystream cryptosystem.
Another type of the binary keystream cryptosystem is specified by an initialsequence of keysk1, k2, k3 … km
and a initial sequence of binary constants b1, b2, b3 … bm-1
and the remaining keys are computed using the rule
A keystrem is called periodic with periodp if ki+p = ki for all i.
ExampleLet the keystream be generated by the rule
ki+4 = kiĹ ki+1
If the initial sequence of keys is (1,0,0,0), then we get thefollowingkeystream:
1,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1,0 1,1,1, …
of period 15.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Let P, K and C be sets of plaintexts, keys andcryptotexts.
Let pK(k) be the probability that the key k is chosen from K and let a priory probability that plaintext w is chosen ispp(w).
If for a key, then for the probability PC(y) that c is thecryptotext that is transmitted it holds
For the conditional probability pc(c|w)that c is thecryptotext if w is the plaintext it holds
Using Bayes' conditional probability formulap(y)p(x|y)=p(x)p(y|x) we get for probability pP(w|c) thatw is the plaintext if c is the cryptotext the expression
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
DefinitionA cryptosystem has perfect secrecy if
(That is, the a posteriori probability that the plaintext is w,given that the cryptotext is c is obtained, is the same as a prioriprobability that the plaintext is w.)
Example CAESAR cryptosystem has perfect secrecy if any of the26 keys is used with the same probability to encode any symbol ofthe plaintext.
An analysis of perfect secrecy: The condition pP(w|c)=pP(w) is for all wÎP and cÎCequivalent to the conditionpC(c|w) = pC(c).
Let us now assume that pC(c) >0 for all cÎC.
Fix wÎP. For each cÎC we have pC(c|w) = pC(c) >0. Hence, for each c€C there mustexists at least one key k such that ek(w)=c. Consequently,|K| >= |C| >= |P|.
In a special case |K| = |C| = |P|. the following nicecharacterization of the perfect secrecy can be obtained:
Theorem A cryptosystem in which |P| = |K| = |C| provides perfect secrecy if and only if every key is used with thesame probability and for every wÎP and every c€C there is a unique key k such thatek(w)=c.
Proof Exercise.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
A cryptosystem S=(P,K, C,e,d) with the sets ofplaintexts P, keys K and cryptotexts C andencryption (decryption) algorithms e (d) is called endomorphic if P=C.
If S1=(P,K1, P,e(1),d (1)) and S2=(P,K2, P,e (2),d (2)) are endomorphic cryptosystems,then theproduct cryptosystem is
S1ÄS2=(P,K1ÄK2, P,e,d),
where encryption is performed by the procedure
e( k1, k2 )(w) = ek2(ek1(w))
and decryption by the procedure
d( k1, k2 )(c) = dk1(dk2(c)).
Example (Multiplicative cryptosystem):
Encryption:ea(w) = aw mod p; decryption: da(c) = a-1c mod 26.
If M denote the multiplicative cryptosystem, then clearlyCAESAR × M is actually the AFFINE cryptosystem.
Exercise Show that also M Ä CAESAR is actually the AFFINE cryptosystem.
Two cryptosystems S1andS2are called commutative if S1ÄS2 = S2ÄS1.
Acryptosystem S is called idempotent if SÄS = S.
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems
Classical (secret-key) cryptosystems


text: Hello to all I am a student currently study Digital Media but personally I am stick to work as web designer for game company in the future. My condition is simple but concentrate on interactive website design. I had trained from artistic side and design skills, but now it's time for me concentrate on coding (as I wish to work as a web-designer...) It will be great if I could obtain any suggestions on coding study, (I am learning Javascript and HTML at this moment, but I know I am not brilliant enough to archive my dream job yet ). I am quite interested the website of Bio-shock, please have a look and I am look forward to hearing practical & theoretical suggestions. tips of my question 1)From the coding aspect, what language is applied for this kind of website? 2) Any specific software used for interactive coding? (probably I am not ask a proper question, as I only know Javascript and XHTML at this moment. please introduce a bit ,many thanks) 3) For software, I am study DW cs4, is there any other software applied in the industry field ?(especially for website of game company) Thanks for everyone who viewed this entry :clap:


text:
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About Me
trying to improve myself every day
hmm childish sometimes :D, funny, positive, very curious, outgoing but also sometimes need to be alone and think about stuff ;-)
I love to meet new people and exploring their ways of life! I'm curious, spontanious and love funny people who don't take everything too serious!
I play volleyball, snowboard and go into the gym. love to listen to music and go to concerts and festivals!!
- concerts
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Music, Movies, and Books
life of brian, HIMYM, sex & the city,...
hiphop, electronic music, clubsound e.g. atmosphere, hilltop hoods, kool savas, mac miller, looptroop rockers,... skrillex, dj antoine,... jean paul, pidbull,...
One Amazing Thing I've Done
electric zoo festival in ny!! awesoooome!!
met michelle obama and even huged her at a baseball game in washington d.c.! she had false lashes :D
Countries I've Visited
Austria, Canada, Israel, United States
Countries I've Lived In
Germany, United States


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"A village and a parish of North West Edinburghshire. The village stands at the South-Western base of Corstorphine Hill, on the Glasgow road, 3 miles West by South of Edinburgh.
Sheltered from cold winds, and lying open to the sun, it commands a fair prospect across the wide level plain to Craiglockhart and the Pentlands, and is itself a pleasant little place, with a few old houses, and many more good cottages and first class villas.
The parish, containing also the village of Gogar, is bounded North by Cramond, East by St Cuthberts, South by Colinton, South West by Currie and Ratho, and West by Ratho.
The surface is an almost unbroken plain, about 200 feet above sea-level, save in the North East, where Corstorphine Hill slopes gradually upwards, its highest point (520 feet) being crowned by square, five storied, turreted Clermiston Tower, 70 feet high, built in 1872 on occasion of the Scott Centenary. Clothed with Scotch firs and hardwood trees, this hill figures widely in the Lothian landscape, and itself commands a magnificent view, especially from its steeper, eastern side, where, at a point called 'Rest-and -be-Thankful', two benches were placed in 1880 by the Cockburn Association."
(Extract from Groomes Ordnance Gazetteer of Scotland
- Corstorphine Hill Cemetery, Drum Brae South, Cemetery
- Gogar Parish Church, Glasgow Road, Gogar, Church of Scotland
- Old Parish Church, Kirk Loan, Church of Scotland
- Gogar Parish Church, Glasgow Road, Gogar, Church of Scotland
- Old Parish Church, Kirk Loan, Church of Scotland
- St John the Baptist, St Ninian's Road, Roman Catholic
- Glebe Terrace, United Free Church of Scotland
You can also perform a more selective search for churches in the Corstorphine area that are recorded in the GENUKI church database. This will also help identify other churches in nearby townships and/or parishes. You also have the option to see the location of the churches marked on a map.
Church Records
The parish church has records for birth dating from 1690, for marriages from 1747 and for deaths from 1747. These are held in the General Register Office for Scotland in Edinburgh and copies on microfilm may be consulted in the Edinburgh Room, Central Library, George IV Bridge, Edinburgh and also in LDS Family History Centres around the world.
The transcription of the section for Corstorphine from the National Gazetteer (1868) provided by Colin Hinson.
Nearby places can be identified from the GENUKI Gazetteer.
Local photographs can be identified from various websites.
Historical Geography
Ask for a calculation of the distance from Corstorphine to another place.
- This place shown on a Google map. Use this link to report the exact location of this place.
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- StreetMap (Current Ordnance Survey maps.)
- Open StreetMap
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- OldMaps (Old Ordnance Survey maps.)
- Old Maps Online (Other old maps.)
- National Library of Scotland (Best site for old maps)
- Vision of Britain (Click "Historical units & statistics" for administrative areas.)
- Magic (Geographic information) (Click + on map if it doesn't show)
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- All places within the same township/parish shown on a Google map.
- Nearby townships/parishes shown on a Google map.
- Nearby places shown on a Google map.
For a social and economic record of the parishes of Mid Lothian together with considerable statistical material, see Sir John Sinclair's Statistical Account of Scotland, which was compiled in the 1790s. Follow-up works to this were the New Statistical Account (also known as the Second Statistical Account) which was prepared in the 1830s and 1840s; and more recently the Third Statistical Account which has been prepared since the Second World War.
Thanks to a joint venture between the Universities of Glasgow and Edinburgh the First and Second Statistical Accounts can now be accessed on-line at The Statistical Accounts of Scotland, 1791-1799 and 1845.


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In 2005, 1,040 chemical incidents including fires and spills were recorded in England and Wales - a 19% increase on 2004, according to a report from the Health Protection Agency.
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Exhibition: 2011.6.16-20 Handiwork of India II, Padmaja Krishnan / Mura Collective
Photo by Isao Hashinoki
We are pleased to announce our latest exhibition,
"Handiwork of India II" featuring work by Padmaja Krishnan and the Mura Collective.
Designer Padmaja Krishnan's work is characterized by her colourful kantha stitching
and her slightly mischievous sense of humour.
Her traditional kantha uses simple stitches
that form a series of patterns through layers of cloth,
achieving a three-dimensional feeling of light and shade.
From the Mura Collective of New Delhi,
we have collected a range of stoles, hand-woven and dyed
in a variety of indigo shibori patterns by the women of the collective.
We hope you will take this opportunity to come and see these contemporary Indian designs
that combine a deep respect for tradition with individual creativity.
This exhibition will be held from the 16th to the 20th of June.
Babaghuri shop
1F 3-1-7 Kiyosumi,
Tokyo (map)
Tel: 03-3820-8825
open from 11:00AM to 7:00PM
closed Tuesday and Wednesday.