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The skeletal muscle capillary supply is an important determinant of maximum exercise capacity, and it is well known that endurance exercise training increases the muscle capillary supply. The muscle capillary supply and exercise-induced angiogenesis are regulated in part by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). VEGF is produced by skeletal muscle cells and can be secreted into the circulation. We investigated whether there are differences in circulating plasma VEGF between sedentary individuals (Sed) and well-trained endurance athletes (ET) at rest or in response to acute exercise. Eight ET men (maximal oxygen consumption: 63.8 ± 2.3 ml·kg-1·min-1; maximum power output: 409.4 ± 13.3 W) and eight Sed men (maximal oxygen consumption: 36.3 ± 2.1 ml·kg-1·min-1; maximum power output: 234.4 ± 13.3 W) exercised for 1 h at 50% of maximum power output. Antecubital vein plasma was collected at rest and at 0, 2, and 4 h postexercise. Plasma VEGF was measured by ELISA analysis. Acute exercise significantly increased VEGF at 0 and 2 h postexercise in ET subjects but did not increase VEGF at any time point in Sed individuals. There was no difference in VEGF between ET and Sed subjects at any time point. When individual peak postexercise VEGF was analyzed, exercise did increase VEGF independent of training status. In conclusion, exercise can increase plasma VEGF in both ET athletes and Sed men; however, there is considerable variation in the individual time of the peak VEGF response.
- vascular endothelial growth factor
- soluble VEGF receptor Flt-1
- plasma
- serum
aerobic exercise training results in several skeletal muscle adaptations, including the development of new capillaries, known as angiogenesis (2, 8). Exercise-induced angiogenesis increases the capillary surface area available for the diffusion of O2 and decreases the diffusional distance of O2 to the mitochondria, ultimately contributing to an increase in aerobic capacity (36). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a 45-kDa secretable basic heparin-binding homodimeric glycoprotein (14). VEGF is essential for embryonic vasculogenesis and angiogenesis (9, 13), maintenance of the capillary supply in normal skeletal muscle (34), and exercise-induced increases in skeletal muscle vascular density (1).
In sedentary individuals, acute exercise increases VEGF mRNA in human skeletal muscle (15, 20, 30). In contrast, skeletal muscle VEGF protein is reduced immediately after acute exercise, suggesting that VEGF is released by skeletal muscle (15). After exercise training, resting levels of skeletal muscle VEGF mRNA and protein are increased (18, 19), whereas the acute exercise-induced increase in VEGF mRNA is attenuated (29).
As a secretable protein, VEGF can be released into the circulation. Within 30 min of one-legged knee extension exercise, interstitial VEGF protein increases in human skeletal muscle of physically active individuals (22). Short-term exercise training can lower resting arterial plasma VEGF (19); however, circulating plasma VEGF is not different in older control and hypertensive patients when analyzed by activity levels (12). Plasma VEGF is higher in hypertensive (3), hyperlipidemic (6), atherosclerotic (7), and congestive heart failure patients (10). Interestingly, lipid-lowering medications reduce VEGF in hyperlipidemic patients (6). It has been suggested that elevated VEGF levels may be involved in the pathogenesis of heart disease (3). Thus an additional benefit to chronic exercise may be to lower VEGF and, therefore, slow the progression of heart disease.
In physically active men, femoral vein plasma VEGF protein is increased after 3 h of two-legged kicking ergometry, but arterial plasma VEGF remains unchanged, suggesting that circulating VEGF may not be increased in response to acute isolated muscle exercise (21). Circulating serum VEGF has been shown to decrease after a high-altitude marathon run (17) and increase immediately after a moderate-altitude ultramarathon run (32). Thus the effects of acute and chronic exercise on circulating VEGF are equivocal.
In the present report, we investigated whether a difference exists in plasma VEGF protein between well-trained endurance athletes (ET) and sedentary individuals (Sed) at rest and in response to acute exercise. We found that plasma VEGF is increased by acute systemic exercise at 0 and 2 h postexercise in ET only. There was no difference in VEGF between ET and Sed at any time point, due in part perhaps to large interindividual variability in VEGF. Analysis of peak postexercise plasma VEGF protein found that both ET and Sed significantly increased plasma VEGF protein, suggesting that acute systemic exercise does increase circulating VEGF levels in both Sed and ET; however, individual variability of the time course of the VEGF response may limit the ability to observe this increase.
Subjects. Eight male Sed and eight male ET volunteered to participate in the study, in accordance with the University & Medical Center Institutional Review Board. All ET regularly competed in bicycle, triathlon, or duathlon racing. All subjects were healthy nonsmokers, with no history of cardiopulmonary disease, and completed a Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire before the commencement of the study. The physical characteristics of the subjects are listed in Table 1.
Maximal O2 consumption. Maximal O2 consumption (V̇o2 max) and maximum power output were measured on an electronically braked cycle ergometer (Lode, Excaliber Sport, Groningen, The Netherlands). Minute ventilation, O2 uptake, and CO2 production were continuously monitored via open-circuit spirometry (True Max 2400, Parvo Medics, Salt Lake City, UT). Heart rate was measured continuously (Accurex Plus, Polar Electro, Woodbury, NY). The test began with a 5-min warm-up at 75 W for Sed and 150 W for ET. After the warm-up, the workload was increased 25 W every minute until volitional fatigue. Subjects were verbally encouraged to continue for as long as possible. The criterion used to assess V̇o2 max included 1) a heart rate in excess of 90% of age predicted maximum (220 - age), 2) a respiratory exchange ratio of ≥1.10, and 3) identification of a plateau (≤150 ml increase) in O2 uptake despite a further increase in workload. In all tests, at least two of three criteria were met.
Body composition. Body density was determined via hydrostatic weighing. Residual volume was measured by O2 dilution (38). Body fat percentage was determined from body density based on the two-compartment model (33).
Experimental design. At least 5 days after the determination of V̇o2 max, subjects reported to the Human Performance Laboratory between 0700 and 0900 after a 12-h fast. Blood was sampled from a catheter inserted in an antecubital vein. The catheter was routinely flushed with saline to maintain patency of the catheter throughout the procedure. Fasted plasma was collected at rest for the determination of VEGF, the soluble VEGF receptor Flt-1 (sFlt-1), glucose, and insulin. For comparison between our subjects and previous reports on VEGF in exercise-trained subjects (17, 32), fasted serum was also collected for the determination of VEGF. All subjects performed and completed a 1-h cycle ergometer exercise bout at 50% of maximum power output. At 0, 2, and 4 h postexercise, plasma samples were collected for the measurement of VEGF. The 0-h sample was collected within 5 min after the completion of the exercise bout. Subjects completely consumed a 650-kcal standardized snack after the first postexercise blood draw, but within 45 min of the cessation of exercise, and were allowed water ad libitum throughout the study. Plasma was separated from venous samples obtained in the presence of EDTA and frozen at -80°C until analysis. Serum was allowed to clot for 30 min before separation and frozen at -80°C until analysis. VEGF is a heparin-binding protein (14); thus heparin was not used as an anticoagulant in the present study.
VEGF and sFlt-1. VEGF was determined in duplicate by high-sensitivity ELISA according to the manufacturer's instructions (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN). The sensitivity of the VEGF kit is 9.0 pg/ml. According to the manufacturer, significantly high levels of sFlt-1 can interfere with VEGF measurements. Thus plasma sFlt-1 was determined in duplicate by high-sensitivity ELISA according to the manufacturer's instructions (R&D Systems) to determine whether sFlt-1 would interfere with the VEGF measurement. The sensitivity of the sFlt-1 kit is 5.01 pg/ml.
Insulin and glucose. Hypoglycemia, induced by a hyperinsulinemic clamp, increases serum VEGF protein in young, healthy men (11). To investigate whether there is a relationship between resting VEGF and insulin sensitivity, plasma insulin and glucose were determined by an immobilized enzyme biosensor for glucose (YSI 2300 STAT Plus Glucose and Lactate Analyzer, Yellow Springs Instruments, Yellow Springs, OH) and by a chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for insulin (Access, Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) allows for the quantitative assessment of insulin action by using fasting concentrations of glucose and insulin according to the formula
where FPI and FPG are the fasting insulin (in μU/ml) and glucose concentrations (in mmol/l), respectively. The formula is based on an array of predicted glucose and insulin values that would be expected for many potential combinations of insulin action (27).
Statistics. Student's t-test was used to test for differences in subject characteristics and differences in plasma VEGF protein concentrations between Sed and ET at each time point, sFlt-1, glucose, insulin, and HOMA. Repeated-measures ANOVA (time postexercise) was used to test for differences in plasma VEGF within Sed and ET. A 2 × 2 mixed-plot factorial repeated-measures ANOVA was performed to analyze for differences in resting and peak postexercise plasma VEGF concentrations between the groups and to analyze for differences in resting plasma and serum VEGF between groups. After a significant F-ratio, a Fisher's paired least significant difference post hoc test was used to determine differences within a group between conditions. One sample at 2 h and one sample at 4 h were lost from ET and not replaced. The alpha was established at P ≤ 0.05 for all statistics.
The circulating plasma VEGF response to acute exercise for Sed and ET is shown in Fig. 1. VEGF was increased by exercise in ET at 0 and 2 h postexercise (rest: 32.2 ± 6.5; 0 h: 45.3 ± 7.6; 2 h: 45.2 ± 10.0; and 4 h: 36.1 ± 7.6 pg/ml). There was no increase in VEGF in Sed at any time point (rest: 41.3 ± 6.4; 0 h: 44.7 ± 7.3; 2 h: 48.8 ± 8.1; and 4 h: 48.0 ± 11.3 pg/ml). There was no difference between Sed and ET at any time point. During this analysis, we observed considerable variation in VEGF between subjects. Individual VEGF responses for Sed and ET are shown in Fig. 2. It is clear that the interindividual differences in VEGF are relatively large. Because of the large individual variances in the VEGF response to acute exercise (Fig. 2), we analyzed peak postexercise VEGF between Sed and ET. Peak postexercise VEGF responses are shown in Fig. 3. Exercise increased peak postexercise VEGF independent of training status (Sed: rest = 41.3 ± 6.4; exercise = 60.0 ± 11.0 pg/ml; and ET: rest = 32.2 ± 6.5; exercise = 49.8 ± 8.1 pg/ml). Resting plasma sFlt-1 protein concentrations are shown in Fig. 4. No difference was found between Sed and ET (41.8 ± 5.3 and 35.7 ± 2.6 pg/ml, respectively). The level of sFlt-1 found in either Sed or ET was considerably lower than that reported to interfere with the measurement of VEGF by the manufacturer (1,250 pg/ml).
Previous reports in trained subjects have shown equivocal results on the effect of exercise on VEGF. To determine whether these differences are the result of differences in blood source, we analyzed resting VEGF from both plasma and serum. Figure 5 demonstrates that, as expected, VEGF is much greater in serum than in plasma. Resting VEGF was approximately sixfold greater in serum compared with plasma samples (Sed: plasma = 41.3 ± 6.3, serum = 221.0 ± 28.4; and ET: plasma = 32.1 ± 6.5, serum = 221.0 ± 28.4 pg/ml) (Fig. 5A). There was no effect of training status on the difference between plasma and serum VEGF. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.68; P = 0.004) between serum and plasma VEGF was observed, suggesting that individuals with high plasma VEGF also have high serum VEGF (Fig. 5B).
Values for glucose, insulin, and HOMA and correlation values with resting VEGF are presented in Table 2. There were no differences between Sed and ET for glucose, insulin, or HOMA, although the differences in insulin (P = 0.07) and HOMA (P = 0.08) for a two-tailed test did approach statistical significance. No correlations were found between resting plasma VEGF and glucose, insulin, or HOMA.
In the present study, circulating plasma VEGF increased at 0 and 2 h postexercise in ET, whereas no increase was observed in Sed. However, when peak postexercise responses were analyzed, VEGF was significantly elevated in both Sed and ET. These results suggest that circulating VEGF is elevated in response to traditional systemic exercise in both Sed and ET, although there is considerable interindividual variation in the circulating VEGF response to exercise.
Basal circulating VEGF regulation. We did not observe any difference in resting and circulating VEGF between Sed and ET (Fig. 1). In contrast, plasma arterial VEGF is lower after a 10-day exercise training program (19). Perhaps the discrepancy between studies can be explained by the difference in exercise training status. In the present investigation, ET had established a long-term pattern of aerobic training, exercising 6 days/wk for at least the previous 6 mo, which is in stark contrast to 10 days of aerobic training. Another plausible explanation could be the use of a repeated-measures design by Gustafsson et al. (19), which statistically excludes the intersubject variability. Whether a long-term aerobic training intervention would change resting plasma VEGF levels requires further study.
In the present study, resting circulating plasma VEGF was 9.1 pg/ml lower in ET than in Sed. We performed a sample size analysis of our data and found that, for a difference of 9.1 pg/ml, a standard deviation of 18.0 pg/ml, a power of 0.80, and an α of 0.05, it would require a sample size of 62 subjects/group. It could be questioned whether our inability to observe differences in resting VEGF may result from the difference in age between Sed and ET. It is currently believed that age does not affect resting serum or plasma VEGF protein (25, 37); thus the fact that ET were older than Sed would not be expected to influence our findings.
Circulating VEGF is increased in several cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, atherosclerosis, and congestive heart failure (3, 6, 7, 10). It has been suggested that elevated VEGF levels may contribute to heart disease (3). Lipid-lowering medications lower VEGF levels in hyperlipidemia (6). If VEGF contributes to the pathogenesis of heart disease, then treatments that can lower VEGF levels may prove beneficial in the treatment of heart disease. It is well known that exercise can lower the risk of developing heart disease (5). In the studies demonstrating an elevated VEGF (3, 6, 7, 10), mean plasma VEGF ranged from 130 to 400 pg/ml, whereas controls ranged from 56 to 78 pg/ml. In the present study, our sedentary subjects demonstrated a mean VEGF of 41 pg/ml; thus in asymptomatic individuals VEGF is already low. Whether an exercise training intervention can significantly lower VEGF in populations with elevated VEGF remains to be determined.
We had questioned whether differences in fasting blood glucose could explain interindividual differences in circulating VEGF because hypoglycemia increases circulating VEGF (11). We did not observe a correlation between fasting glucose and VEGF. This may be because, in the present investigation, glucose exceeded 80.0 mg/dl in all subjects. In the investigation from Dantz et al. (11), blood glucose was driven below 75.0 mg/dl, which resulted in an increase in circulating serum VEGF. Therefore, it is possible that a threshold (<75.0 mg/dl) must be exceeded before an associated increase in VEGF protein is observed.
Acute exercise and VEGF regulation. Circulating VEGF was increased at 0 and 2 h postexercise in ET but was not increased at any specific time point in Sed (Fig. 1). However, we did not observe any difference in VEGF between Sed and ET at any time point. VEGF is released into the femoral vein 1 h postexercise in physically active men during two-legged knee-extension exercise (21). Interestingly, arterial plasma VEGF is not increased postexercise, suggesting that, although skeletal muscle may release VEGF, tissue other than recovering muscle may uptake VEGF, and thus circulating VEGF may not reflect the increased release of VEGF from skeletal muscle (21). Nemet et al. (28) found that 10 min of unilateral wrist flexion exercise increased circulating serum VEGF. Interestingly, Gunga et al. (17) observed a decrease in serum VEGF immediately after a high-altitude marathon run, whereas Schobersberger et al. (32) observed an increase in serum VEGF immediately after a moderate-altitude ultramarathon run. Given the influence of altitude and the nature of marathon and ultramarathon running, we questioned whether traditional, systemic (cycle ergometry) exercise of moderate intensity and duration, which is typically employed in exercise training programs, increases circulating VEGF. On further inspection of the VEGF responses to exercise, we observed considerable interindividual variability in VEGF (Fig. 2). In the present investigation, an evaluation of each individual's VEGF time course revealed that six of eight Sed increased plasma VEGF protein at some time point after exercise (Fig. 2A), whereas all eight ET increased VEGF at some time point postexercise (Fig. 2B). Comparing peak postexercise vs. resting VEGF revealed that exercise increased VEGF independent of training status (Sed increased 45% and ET increased 55%) (Fig. 3).
Interestingly, we observed similar increases in plasma VEGF between Sed and ET despite a twofold greater absolute workload during the 1-h exercise bout for ET (Fig. 3). It might be suggested from these results that the same absolute workload may produce differences in peak postexercise plasma VEGF. Gavin and Wagner (16) previously demonstrated a plateau effect in the skeletal muscle VEGF mRNA response to acute exercise, where VEGF mRNA was progressively increased from rest to workloads of 37.5 and 50% of maximum but was not further increased at a workload of 62.5%. Whether a similar plateau effect occurs in the circulating VEGF response to acute exercise remains to be investigated.
Recently, our laboratory has observed that VEGF protein is decreased in skeletal muscle immediately after exercise (15). This finding led us to question whether the disappearance of VEGF from the skeletal muscle may result in an increase in circulating VEGF. During the completion of the present work, Hoffner et al. (22) demonstrated that VEGF is released by skeletal muscle into the interstitial space. Combined with the work from Hiscock et al. (21) demonstrating that VEGF is increased in femoral vein postexercise, there is convincing evidence that VEGF is released by skeletal muscle during exercise. The present results demonstrating that VEGF is increased in the circulation in response to exercise are consistent with these findings.
Serum vs. plasma VEGF. Because reports on the effect of exercise have used both plasma (12, 21) and serum (17, 28, 32) for the measurement of VEGF, we questioned whether there were differences in plasma and serum between Sed and ET. We also had questioned whether individuals with high plasma VEGF demonstrate high serum VEGF. At rest, we found that serum VEGF was sixfold greater than plasma VEGF in both Sed and ET (Fig. 5A). This is in agreement with previous reports, which found a fivefold greater serum than plasma VEGF (24, 37). In addition, our subjects demonstrated serum and plasma VEGF values consistent with values of healthy subjects from previous reports (4, 37).
We did observe a significant correlation between serum and plasma VEGF protein (Fig. 5B; r = 0.68). This is consistent with other reports, which demonstrated significant correlations ranging from r = 0.56 to r = 0.75, where VEGF was measured from healthy controls and cancer patients (4, 37). Thus differences in VEGF with exercise should be detectable independent of the source of the VEGF measurement. It should be noted, however, that the use of serum for the quantification of circulating VEGF protein appears inappropriate because of the large contribution of platelet-derived VEGF (26). Platelets have been identified as significant transporters of VEGF (24, 31, 35). VEGF is released from platelets on platelet activation, and VEGF increases in serum as the time allowed for serum clotting increases (26). Therefore, serum collection time must be rigorously maintained to reduce additional experimental error in the measurement of blood-borne VEGF.
sFlt-1 regulation. sFlt-1 is a circulating high-affinity VEGF receptor that has been shown to specifically inhibit VEGF-induced mitogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (23). This suggests that sFlt-1 may act as a circulating VEGF antagonist in vivo. Recently, circulating plasma sFlt-1 was analyzed in hypertensives patients and controls (12). With the use of a standard Baecke physical activity questionnaire to classify older, healthy, and hypertensive patients into low and high physical activity categories, no difference in sFlt-1 was found between the groups. In the present investigation, we observed no difference in resting sFlt-1 protein between Sed and ET. Additionally, sFlt-1 was measured to determine whether levels exceeded a threshold of 1,250 pg/ml, which, according to the manufacturer, can interfere with VEGF quantification. Our results indicate that training status does not influence the level of sFlt-1 antagonism at rest and eliminates sFlt-1 as an extraneous variable in the measurement of VEGF protein.
In summary, we have demonstrated that circulating plasma VEGF does increase in response to acute exercise in both Sed and ET, although there is considerable interindividual variability. The use of either plasma or serum for the measurement of VEGF should yield similar conclusions on circulating VEGF. In addition, endurance exercise training does not alter circulating sFlt-1 during resting conditions. These results suggest that long-term aerobic training may not alter circulating VEGF regulation at rest or in response to acute exercise in young, asymptomatic individuals.
This study was supported in part by National Institute on Aging Grant AG-21891, an East Carolina University Faculty Senate grant, and a University of North Carolina Institute of Nutrition grant.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2004 the American Physiological Society


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Stocks on the buy radar
With recent sharp market falls, is it time to invest some of your dry powder?
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Risk has been our watchword this year. We've explored it from the very first Director's Cut of 2011 to our two-part series on Protecting what's yours, which discussed the risks our analysts see and how they have...

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PLUS VILLAGES WELCOMES YOU TO PLUS CAMPING MICHELANGELO The Campsite in Florence with the best views! Plus Camping Michelangelo overlooks the beautiful city of Florence and the Arno River. Plus Camping Michelangelo has all the facilities a backpacker could want in Florence... laundry, internet point, supermarket, cash point, 24 hour security, luggage storage and more with a terrific terrace bar, pizzeria and restaurant. The campsite with a difference, no curfew, no cramped rooms, nightly entertainment and the most sensational views. Our accommodation is unique to youth hostels in that we use comfortable two person house tents instead of dorms, and these include real beds with bed sheets, blankets and pillows. Due to local bylaws protecting the surrounding olive groves we cannot provide hardtop accommodation. The house tents you can rent privately or shared and are lockable. Towels and security boxes are available for hire from reception. We only offer housetents at Camping Michelangelo. If you are wanting cabins you can check out our other campsites throughout Italy. Our camping village is located close to all the major tourist attractions such as the Ponte Vecchio, the Uffizi and the Duomo, as well as restaurants, bars and night clubs; these can be easily reached on foot or by local transport from the front gate. If you are coming home late it is advisable to have torch ready as the house tents don't have electricity. Check-out is by 1pm. Check-in is from 1pm Cancellations must be done at least 24hrs before checkin to avoid being charged for your first night's stay. PLUS pride ourselves in providing clean, comfortable and safe accommodation throughout Italy. We hope you enjoy your stay. Travelling around Italy this summer? Check out Plus Camping Roma in Rome and Plus Camping Alba D'Oro in Venice. Festa di San Giovanni (Feast of St John- Florence's patron saint) On 24 June Florence celebrates with the lively calcio Storico medieval football matches played in Piazza di Sante Croce, ending with a fireworks display over Piazzale Michelangelo- right next door to us! Don't miss it! "The best view in all of Florence right at your tent. The campground was so great we spent more time there than in the city itself?it was a really social place, and a fantastic experience overall. I would recommend it to anyone going to Florence." Lisa, USA "The price is right too! I highly recommend this place. The bar and café have a patio that overlooks the best sunset I have seen in Italy!" Jenny, USA Other Plus destinations Grosseto, Sorrento, Tuscany, San Vincenzo, Bologna, San Remo, Sicily
Viale Michelangelo 80CP:50125,Florencia,Italia
Teléfono:No especificadoFax:39 55 689348


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jeffwalls says: "Miss Elenious worshiping her new found 60's lamp. Crawling and rolling on the carpet, she contorts in so many beautiful ways... "
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For the most part, I only want mint, complete games. Unless specified, I have no desire for less than near mint discs. As such, nearly everything I list is great to mint, with details provided when that's not the case (PSX-era games and a few PS2 games may have some scratches... I'll happily check them out with any interest put towards them [they're all still playable and complete though]).
Games I'm Looking to Trade for the Same Game on another platform:
Super Street Fighter IV (looking for a PS3 version; also willing to trade it and more for SSF:IV AE on the PS3)
Tekken 6 (for PS3 version)
What I Have:
"Shiny" Games
Mortal Kombat (Mint w/ Online Pass)
Baldur's Gate: Dark Alliance 2
PW: Ace Attorney: Trials and Tribulations (Sealed)
PC Steam Games:
PC Games:
WoW TCG Loot:
Footsteps of Illidan
Goblin Gumbo
Papa Hummel's Old Fashioned Pet Biscuit
Rest and Relaxation
Slashdance x5
Thunderhead Hippogryph
and... Spectral Tiger.
Stargate Atlantis S1-4
Stargate SG-1
What I Want:
Mortal Kombat (will trade the 360 version for a mint copy, even without an online code)
Hyperdimension Neptunia (sealed) :hot:
My World, My Way
Amazon Payments
MtG Cards (Current sets. Mostly looking for Red/Chandra cards [not Chandra Ablaze])
Type-Moon stuff
Also, as a note, if you're looking for a sealed copy of Ar Tonelico: Qoga, my local shop still has copies so let me know and I'm sure a pretty fair deal can be made. (Unless they suddenly sell out.)
Edited by Saratinous, 22 August 2011 - 09:28 PM.


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The brand's emphasis at the top of its range has always been ride comfort and smooth progress rather than sporting characteristics, and the C6 continues the trend. The running gear uses multi-link suspension at front and rear, while the suspension system features electronically controlled springing and damping. As a result, Citroën says, the C6 sets new standards in comfort, road-holding, and driving pleasure. To complete the comfort equation, the interior of the car has been designed to reflect modern interior design principles. On the show stand, the C6 was an interresting newcomer to the segment; to see how it behaves on the road, we will have to wait until late autumn, when journalists will get to try the car ahead of its appearance in Citroën showrooms.
Rolls-Royce Phantom LWB
2005 Rolls-Royce Phantom LWBEnlarge Photo
The pictures issued ahead of the show were encouraging, making the car look longer and more elegant, so the question was — would it look better in the metal? The answer was yes, so long as one stuck to the side view. The front of the Phantom remains as ugly as ever, with its mismatched lights and Grosser Parthenon grille stuck in a frontage that seems to have been designed to prove that with a big enough engine, no car needs to worry about aerodynamics and airflow. The rear compartment, however, is now even more spacious and will provide even more luxury for captains of industry and millionnaire rappers. And from inside the car you can't see the front end.
Peugeot Coupe 407 Prologue
2005 Peugeot Coupe 407 PrologueEnlarge Photo
The current 407 Coupe carries a Pininfarina badge, as many past Peugeots have, and it is one of the smartest cars in series production anywhere in the world today. It's no great performer, but it is very elegant, and the introduction of the new version will convert all the current 407 Coupes into instant collector's cars. The Prologue, which is the work of Peugeot's own design team, looks fine enough, but it's no Pininfarina.
The car has inherited the big low-slung grille of the sedan, and that's a mixed blessing. The egg-crate mouth looks fine in pictures, but somehow it doesn't translate too well to the real world of the road. The coupe designers have added 'gills' ahead of the front wheel arches that recall Bill Mitchell's Mako Shark Corvette dream car, but while Mitchell's gills were part of a complete design theme, the Peugeot's look like add-ons.
From the back, the car looks good, and the interior has a nice performance/personal car feel to it, but with current 407 coupes being offered at hefty discounts in some of Peugeot's markets, now could be the time to buy the old one.


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Chicago's largest CRE forecast event set for Jan. 18
January 14, 2011 by Matt Baker · Leave a Comment
The Annual Commercial Real Estate Forecast Conference produced by the Illinois Real Estate Journal returns to the Marriott Chicago for its ninth annual gathering on Jan. 18. The conference remains the longest-running and largest commercial real estate forecast in Chicago.
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Human Lifetime Rewards (Revision 176)
Lifetime rewards are permanent superpowers for your Sims, offering all sorts of abilities and bonuses. All lifetime rewards are positive-only; their only cost is lifetime happiness points, which are earned from fulfilling a Sim's Wants.
Lifetime rewards are scaled in cost to their usefulness and impact to your Sim's life, just like the Wants themselves. Still, just because you can buy a given reward doesn't mean you really need to. For example, you shouldn't bother with Super Green Thumb if you have no plans to ever be a gardener.
The list is organized by how it appears in-game, first by cost, then by the name of the reward. Like with Human Traits, some of these are only available if you have certain expansion packs installed, so they may not all be in your game.
Edit5000 Points
EditFast Metabolism
Greatly increases the visual effect for your Sim while working out, thinning him down or toning him up much faster. Great for fat Sims you want to make skinny, but you usually won't need to change anyone's appearance that fast.
EditInappropriate But in a Good Way
Removes the debuff applied to other Sims when your Sim is acting inappropriately. That means you can steal food from friends or otherwise treat their home like your own, or wear something to a party against the attire. It's a good offset to the Inappropriate trait.
Reduces all direct costs associated with traveling. Souvenirs and other objects bought normally are unaffected.
EditComplimentary Entertainment
Catching a show at the theater is always free.
EditDiscount Diner
Eating at the diner and the cafe is always free.
EditEye Candy
Applies a buff to all other Sims whenever your Sim is nearby, increasing the chance this Sim's romantic interactions will be accepted.
EditProfessional Slacker
Removes the job performance penalty when you use the "slack off"-type job strategy in a conventional job. You still will gain more job performance if you use the "work hard"-type strategy, but with Professional Slacker, it allows you to work on your Fun meter while at work without it taking forever to get promoted.
EditSpeedy Cleaner
Reduces the amount of time it takes to clean anything by half. Great for Sims with the Neat trait.
EditThe Hustler
Greatly increases the chance this Sim will win bar games, such as foosball and darts. This reward can help offset the Loser or Unlucky trait, but it may not guarantee a win.
EditLegendary Host
Guarantees all Sims invited to a party will show up, and sharply increases the chance that they will have a good time. This is basically the Party Animal trait, so having both is redundant.
Sharply increases the chance your Sim will figure out the traits of a given target through conversation. With the Observant reward, choosing the "Get To Know" social interaction will usually result in immediately unlocking three of the five traits.
EditOffice Hero
Increases the relationship gain rate when you use a "socialize with co-workers"-type job strategy in a conventional job. May increase the relationship gain rate when socializing with them outside of work too, but that's unconfirmed.
EditChange of Taste
Allows your Sim to change his favorite color, music, and food. This trait is repeatable.
Edit7500 Points
EditWatering Hole Regular
Reduces the price of all drinks and food ordered at bars.
Edit10,000 Points
EditFertility Treatment
Sharply increases the chance of conceiving twins. If both parents have this trait, it sharply increases the chance of conceiving triplets. Great for Sims with the Family-Oriented trait.
EditThe Next Big Thing
Increases the amount of money earned from tips and through band gigs for musicians. When paired with the Virtuoso trait, you'll be able to earn quite a bit more from playing. Pretty useful for musically inclined Sims, but totally worthless for everyone else.
EditNo Jealousy
Removes all debuffs and relationship penalties for inappropriate flirting. Very useful for Sims with the Hopeless Romantic trait when you're trying to get them to bed the whole town, especially when paired with the Eye Candy reward.
EditBookshop Bargainer
Reduces the cost of all books. Pretty useless except for Generation 1 Sims, but usually by the time you can afford the power, you don't need. It's more useful for anyone on the culinary career track, as it will save you some cash on buying new recipes.
EditSteel Bladder
Locks the Bladder meter at maximum, removing the need to ever pee again.
EditStone Hearted
Removes the debuffs associated with romantic failures. Good for Sims with the Hopeless Romantic trait, but it helps protect against friend loss too.
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Pet Lifetime Rewards | Human Lifetime Awards | Human lifetime reward | Romantic Reputation | Lifetime Rewards


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Crack called, it wants it's pipe back!Originally Posted by Idontlikethat5
Hey guys been a while since I posted, I spent some time hiking the Andes trying to find myself and make peace with some things in my life. Mostly about rooting for the Jets.
Anyway, after today with Kellen Clemens I am convinced we are the team to beat in the AFC. Regardless of being 0-2, which should be 1-1 after the NFL gives us the win over those cheating Patriots, I think Clemens showed enough in that 4th quarter to prove we have the top team in the conference.
McCairens catches one of his two drops, and we beat the top defense at home in Baltimore.
I'm gonna be honest guys. I think 13-3 is basically the floor for this year.
J E T S!!!!! jets jets jets
Crack called, it wants it's pipe back!Originally Posted by Idontlikethat5
LOL!Originally Posted by BleedinGreenNC
I see none of these - , yet I get the feeling that I should....
i think my tv musta been broke cause i didnt see these things.
Sig friggin Material. LMFAO so unbelievably much. That could be the funniest thing i have ever read.Originally Posted by Idontlikethat5
You must not be watching NBC right now.
Originally Posted by Idontlikethat5
I don' have tthe words...
I am speechless.
You didnt happen to find a QB while you were there did you?Originally Posted by Idontlikethat5
Maybe in bizarro world----As much as I would like to see us go 13-3.......there just happens to be this team called the Patriots.....
lmao... I was going to make some sort of comment but you said it better than I could have.Originally Posted by BleedinGreenNC
Originally Posted by BergenJet
I am not afraid of the Patriots. We are already up on them one win this season. After the NFL does their thing.
I heard it on the radio 88.9 WMCX
IndeedOriginally Posted by Sean Ryan
cocaine is a hell of a drug.
Fixed your postOriginally Posted by Idontlikethat5
So it must be true...Originally Posted by Idontlikethat5


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Geoffrey Morris is a senior professor at DeVry University where he specializes in humanities and professional and personal development. He shares his expertise with students at DeVry University's Houston campus by teaching various courses in psychology, sociology and business.
Mr. Morris has played a vital role in the community by working with Neighborhood Centers, Inc., an organization that provides emerging neighborhoods with resources, education and connections. After spending two years enriching the community of Houston with his vision and leadership, he accepted a position with DeVry University as a professor in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.
Mr. Morris graduated with a master's degree in education, with a concentration in psychology, in 1998 and a master's degree in business administration in 2001, both from Houston Baptist University. In 2004, he published his self-help book, entitled Your Next Move.
Thought Leadership
- Believes that it will become increasingly more important for professionals to develop skills in leadership, change management and communications
- Believes that technology, if used properly and innovatively, will continue to enhance the speed and effectiveness at which humans interact with one another
To schedule an interview with Geoffrey Morris, please contact Colleen Coors at (312) 861-5267 or email@example.com.


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Sometimes when you find yourself in a foreign city, you find yourself in need of more than just a bed for the night or directions to the best tourist attractions. Even the boy scouts and girl guides amongst you can find yourselves unexpectedly in need of a pharmacy, doctor, travel agent or English-speaking lawyer (we won't ask why!). No need to panic. We at Lviv Life we are compiling a wide range of services which might come in handy... And when you fall in love with this city and decide to stay, who knows - you might need a real estate agent as well!See on Map
Looking for something specific?
Top rated services in Lviv
Central Post OfficePost Office City Centre
Stay in touch....Read more »
Lviv AirportAirport Further Out
Wing it to LvivRead more »
Radar TaxiTaxi Old Town
Taxi service across the cityRead more »
Black Eagle PharmacyPharmacy Old Town
Pills, thrills and much moreRead more »
AvisCar&Transport Airport
See more of Lviv with AvisRead more »
Aval BankBank City Centre
Bankable bank near the UniversityRead more »
Lviv Train StationTrain Station City Centre West
Habsburg glory is back on trackRead more »
HertzCar Hire City Centre
Good choice of cars from the Hertz crewRead more »
PavukInternet City Centre
Modern internet cafe on Svobody ProspectRead more »
KodakPhoto City Centre
Snappers haven in central townRead more »


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Ibis MojoMojo SL Derailleur Hanger - Road Bike Shop
Road Bike Shop
Shop >
Product Search Results For "Ibis Mojo/Mojo SL Derailleur Hanger"
Product Search Results For "Ibis Mojo/Mojo SL Derailleur Hanger"
|Ibis Mountain Derailleur Hanger
The Mojo HD and SL-R are fun bikes, and we often find ourselves lured many miles away from the trailhead by the siren call of unexplored routes. If you're like us and like to get deep into the woods, you should have one of these Thru-Axle Derailleur Hangers in your repair kit in case of the...
|Wilier Cento1 SL / Cento1 / Imperiale Derailleur Hanger
Let's face it, accidents happen. And when they do, your derailleur hanger sometimes gets bent. Most of the time it can straightened with a proper derailleur hanger tool, but sometimes not. And when you can't safely straighten it for precise derailleur function, you need to replace your hanger....


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Co-Star Feuds: These 15 Actors Hate Each Other!
Every work environment will have people who don't get along. And celebrities are not excluded from having hostile workplaces either. It's quite amazing that celebs can make such magic happen on the screen, but as soon as the cameras stop rolling, they have no time for their enemies. Some of these celeb feuds went on for many many years, while other celebs couldn't make it work and there goes the show. Well, these feuds even happened before social media or the internet ever existed and date back many decades. Some of these feuds are almost impossible to believe! Here's 15 Actors Who Hate Each Other!
Actors: Ariana Grande and Jennette McCurdy
Before Ariana Grande was belting her face off on almost all the award shows, she was an actress on a hit teen sitcom on Nickelodeon, Sam and Cat. To the fans surprise, the show was cancelled after only being on the air for a year! Well, rumors say that jealousy was the demise of Sam and Cat, as McCurdy was mad that Grande getting paid more than she was.
TV Series: Sam & Cat's
Network: Nickelodeon
Bonus: Orlando Bloom and Justin Bieber
We guess these guys don't care about the old term 'bros before hoes.' The animosity began when Bieber hung out with Orlando's model wife (now ex), Miranda Kerr. Orlando fought back, hooking up with Justin Bieber's ex girlfriend Selena Gomez. Months later, the two ran into each other at an upscale restaurant in Los Angeles when the feud boiled over; and got into a fist fight.
Famous For: Movies and Multi-Platinum Albums
Teri Hatcher and Marcia Cross
Amazing that some of the best relationships on screen do not translate to the best relationships off screen. Like Marcia Cross and Teri Hatcher… word on the street is that Hatcher was not the best at being girlfriends off screen. She and Cross had words with each other quite frequently. Rumors swirl around Cross getting heated the Hatcher was in the front at the Vanity Fair shoot.
TV: SeriesDesperate Housewives
ABC (American Broadcasting Company)
Shannen Doherty and Jennie Garth
Say it ain't so – Brenda and Kelly from the hit show Beverly Hills, 90210 were not the best of friends that they were on screen. Doherty was known for being a bad girl and getting into a few scuffles in the past. But, Garth even said that back then the two of them were ready to brawl. Good thing they were able to save that off screen. The world would've been lost without them.
TV Series: Beverly Hills 90210
Network: Fox
Patrick Swayze and Jennifer Grey
After watching the steamy dance scenes between Patrick Swayze and Jennifer Grey in Dirty Dancing, who didn't want to become a dancer? Well, Swayze and Grey were far from best friends or love interests off screen. He was not amused with how emotional she could be. Needless to say he was not a fan of hers, but somehow tolerated her as they created the epic movie.
Film: Dirty Dancing
Studio: Great American Films Limited Partnership
Will Smith and Janet Hubert
As one of the most epic shows of our lifetime, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air was not above having a controversy. We all remember that moment when Aunt Viv was not the same Aunt Viv from the previous season. Janet Hubert, who played the original aunt, was replaced for not getting along with the Prince himself. She thought Smith had grown an ego and he thought she should leave.
TV Series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air
Network: NBC (National Broadcasting Company)
Gillian Anderson and David Duchovny
The X-Files was one of the most epic sci-fi horror tv shows of it's time and who didn't love Scully and Mulder? David Duchovny and Gillian Anderson were about as compatible as fire and water when the cameras were turned off. And the tv show has over 200 episodes, making 9 seasons of them putting up with each other. Duchovny said that it was more like a bickering sibling relationship.
TV Series The X-Files
Network: Fox
Chad Michael Murray and Sophia Bush
Fans absolutely love when the on screen romance turns into a real life off screen romance, like it did for Chad Michael Murray and Sophia Bush. Things were going well for the love birds, till Bush found out her new hubs wasn't being faithful. What a nightmare! Lucky for him, she was still on board to work with him for several seasons after their divorce.
TV Series: One Tree Hill
Network: WB and The CW (Warner Bros and CBS Warner Bros)
Charlie Sheen and Selma Blair
If there's one thing people know for sure, it's that Charlie Sheen is a bad boy on set and off set. This usually causes his relationships with fellow cast mates to be well – unpleasant. Which is what happened with Selma Blair on the FX show, Anger Management. Word is, Blair complained about her cast mate and his work ethic. Sheen responded by sending an explicit text message letting her know she was fired.
Series: Anger Management
Network: Fox
Naya Rivera and Lea Michele
So many people enjoyed watching Glee and all the singing, dancing, and drama that would take place. Well, the drama off screen was definitely just as exciting, as Naya Rivera and Lea Michele were like oil and water. Rumor has it that there was a showdown between the two singing gals on set and it was not good. Was it a coincidence that Rivera didn't return as a regular for the final season?
Series: Glee
Network: Fox
Ryan Gosling and Rachel McAdams
It's always funny how things workout with people and relationships. In the beginning, Ryan Gosling and Rachel McAdams were not feeling each other while on the set of heart wrenching movie, The Notebook. The director, Nick Cassavetes had no problem giving the tea about Gosling and McAdams with their constant bickering. Then they ended up getting together and having a steamy hot relationship together.
Film: The Notebook
Studio: New Line Cinema
Claires Danes and Leonardo DiCaprio
Leonardo DiCaprio is notorious for being quite the ladies man and quite the goofball while working on set. But, apparently all that charm was not enough to win over Claire Danes. In this movie, Danes and DiCaprio or Romeo and Juliet are young and in love, but when the cameras stopped – Danes stopped too. She was not swayed by his charm and foolish behavior.
Film: Romeo + Juliet
Studio: 20th Century Fox
Lucy Liu and Bill Murray
Oh, the drama. actors can get so touchy when someone says something about their acting ability. Which is the exact reason why Lucy Liu and Bill Murray had some serious beef on the set of Charlie's Angels. Inquiring minds would love to know if it was any coincidence Bernie Mac replaced Murray's role in the sequel? I'd bet a million dollars Liu was so pumped to see Mac's face!
Series: Charlie's Angels
Network: ABC (American Broadcasting Company)
Bette Davis and Joan Crawford
Some people might not be old enough to recognize the greats like Bette Davis and Joan Crawford. All you need to know is this movie was about as creepy as a horror movie can get back in 1962. They played sisters on screen and hated each other off screen. Some say it was cause of a secret crush Crawford had on Davis.
Film: Whatever Happened to Baby Jane?
Studio: Warner Bros. Pictures
Nicki Minaj and Mariah Carey
Get the claws out cause this one was pretty catty. In 2013, Nicki Minaj and Mariah Carey joined the panel of judges for the hit singing show, American Idol. And immediately things went to the left real fast, as Minaj was not a fan of Carey and called her insecure and bitter. Yikes! Well, Carey would not go down without a claw back, saying Minaj doesn't have a No. 1 single. Ha!
TV Series: American Idol
Network: Fox
Sarah Jessica Parker and Kim Cattrall
This last and final feud on the list is probably the most heartbreaking to millions around the world. Who would've thought that Sarah Jessica Parker and Kim Cattrall wouldn't be BFFs off screen? These gals have made millions of dollars together on their hit HBO tv series and films, Sex and the City. But, I guess it wasn't enough, as Kim Cattrall was not happy to find out Parker was banking more than the others.
Network: HBO


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History DMT
History DMT (Data Management Training and Guidance) seeks to integrate best practice, good principles, and skills of research data management within the postgraduate curriculum and among early career historians.
Project Status:
Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC)
University of Sheffield
Institute of Historical Research (University of London)
University of Hull
historical records, history, standards and best practice
not applicable
Online Training Resource
Project Description
History DMT (Data Management Training and Guidance) seeks to integrate best practice, good principles, and skills of research data management within the postgraduate curriculum and among early career historians through a series of specialist workshops at London, Hull, and Sheffield and through the development of a free online training course dedicated to the research data types that historians are most likely to come across in their research.
Various pathways will enable a hands-on approach to research data management that covers the many types of data which historians generate, as well as the means with which to share that data. These will cover:
- Textual materials
- Visual sources
- Oral history
- Statistical data
Drawing on existing material created by previous projects, as well as developing substantial new content, History DMT will form part of a wider collection of History focused research training material designed for national postgraduate and early career training. The materials will be compiled into University of Hull, University of Sheffield, and Institute of Historical Research postgraduate training virtual learning environments (VLE's) as well as the publically-facing History SPOT website (http://historyspot.org.uk).
This is an AHRC-funded project, as part of the Collaborative Skills Development strand. History DMT is led by the Institute of Historical Research in collaboration with the Department of History, University of Hull and the Humanities Research Institute, University of Sheffield. The principal grant holder is Professor Matthew Davies (IHR), with Dr Matt Phillpott (IHR) acting as project manager. Chris Awre (Head of Information Management within Library and Learning Innovation, University of Hull) and John Nicholls (Hull) will lead at the University of Hull, and Michael Pidd (HRI Manager, University of Sheffield) and Sharon Howard (HRI, University of Sheffield), from the University of Sheffield.
Project Team
- Prof.Matthew Davies (Principal Investigator – IHR, University of London)
- Dr Matt Phillpott (Project manager – IHR, University of London)
- Dr Mark Merry (IHR, University of London)
- Dr Simon Trafford (IHR, University of London)
- Chris Awre (University of Hull)
- John Nicholls (University of Hull)
- Dr Sharon Howard (University of Sheffield)
- Michael Pidd (Digital Director – University of Sheffield)


text:
Would You Want a Famous Career?
When Ali Larter told Allure she once had to have her thighs duct-taped before a photo shoot to thin them out, my reaction was a sympathetic cringe. She acknowledges that it's all part of the job saying, "What I do for a living puts me in the spotlight. They pay me for it."
Every job has its benefits and unfortunate downsides, but famous careers seem to run on both extremes. Me? I couldn't handle the scrupulous criticism. How about you?


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Customs and Excise
Find out which law firms are representing which Customs and Excise clients in London using The Legal 500's new comprehensive database of law firm/client relationships. Instantly search over 925,000 relationships, including over 83,000 Fortune 500, 46,000 FTSE350 and 13,000 DAX 30 relationships globally. Access is free for in-house lawyers, and by subscription for law firms. For more information, contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
Baker McKenzie's customs group draws on the resources of the firm's trade and tax departments, and has 'outstanding knowledge of customs rules and regulations; and not just those in the UK and EU'. Jointly headed by Ross Denton and the 'clear and approachable' of counsel Jennifer Revis, the team has extensive experience in HMRC investigations, but has also built relationships with global regulators through 'access to contacts in various parts of the world'. Since the Brexit referendum, the emphasis has been on taking proactive steps toward meeting the challenges that may arise from the implementation of the Union Customs Code (UCC), the future of Britain's trade outside the EU and more broadly the state of global trade relations during a Trump presidency. To this end, the customs department has advised a range of well-known retailers, food and beverage companies, engineering clients and aerospace companies, and has picked up several new household-name digital media clients in 2016-2017. Tax department head Mark Delaney and associate Jessica Mutton are also recommended.
Pinsent Masons LLP's specialist customs and excise practice group is driven by a number of sector specialisms including retail and manufacturing, but the team is particularly experienced in the excise duty issues affecting the beer brewing industry. The customs group is headed by Jason Collins and Stuart Walsh, two experienced tax litigators who have represented household-name brewery clients in excise and alcohol duty disputes with HMRC and also advise on issues such as supply chain arrangements and regulatory compliance. Ian Hyde as well as senior associates Ian Robotham and Jake Landman are also recommended.
Customs and excise law is among the real specialisms of The Khan Partnership LLP, which boasts expertise in customs licensing, tariff classification, anti-dumping, valuation and duty disputes. The group is headed by Hassan Khan, who has extensive experience in the customs and excise landscape, having previously served as head of the international division of HM Customs and Excise Solicitors Office. On the non-contentious side, the team provides compliance advice to clients such as LG Corporation, Dunlop Tyre and various Nissan entities worldwide. Additionally, the firm's contentious offering covers HMRC investigations and litigation. As an example, Khan was instructed by Unifruit Group in a tax fraud case against HMRC. Other notable clients include London City Bond, London Fields Brewery and Condor Ferries.
The customs and excise practice at Eversheds Sutherland (International) LLP comprises practitioners from the tax and trade and competition teams, and provides advice on regulatory compliance, import and export controls and trade sanctions. Preparatory advice concerning the future of UK trade relationships after Brexit has been a pressing issue, and the department has advised a number of well-known clients on this. Clients include food and beverage distributors, tech companies as well as auto and aerospace manufacturers. Tax practice head Giles Salmond, James Lindop, a principal associate in the EU, competition and trade department, and associate Monika Zejden-Erdmann are also recommended.
According to one source, RPC 'must now be considered a strong player' in the area of customs and excise and 'there are not many firms in London that could handle the customs and anti-dumping duty cases this firm handles'. An experienced tax litigator and accredited mediator, Adam Craggs heads the department, which was significantly strengthened by the arrival of 'prominent and commercially aware' senior associate Michelle Sloane, who joined from The Khan Partnership LLP. Sloane is assisting Bonded Warehousekeepers Association with all HMRC queries, excise duty and supply chain issues. The department also advises on alcohol duty and anti-dumping issues for a number of spirit bottling companies, distilleries and online retailers. Robert Waterson is also recommended.
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Legal Developments in London for Customs and Excise
Freight forwarder's contractual lien versus the administration moratoriumDruces currently authors the Insolvency and corporate restructuring section of The In-House Lawyer magazine. For more information and articles from this author click here .- Druces
Legal Developments in the UK
THE NEED TO PREVENT MONEY LAUNDERING - EVERYWHEREChina is toughening its money laundering prevention by taking a closer look at many more business sectors. Aziz Rahman explains the thinking behind this – and what it means for everyone trading abroad.
COMPLIANCE AFTER THE EVENT IN BRIBERY AND CORRUPTION CASESSyedur Rahman and Nicola Sharp examine the merits of compliance committees and how improving your compliance measures can help you, even while you are under investigation, in global corruption cases.
FORMULA ONE, BRIBERY AND THE SERIOUS FRAUD OFFICEAziz Rahman explains why the SFO's enquiries into Formula One are relevant to all senior executives and corporates.
THE SFO, THE FUTURE AND SECURING A DPANow that the SFO's future appears assured, Aziz Rahman considers what this means for those seeking deferred prosecution agreements.
CHALLENGING WITNESS CREDIBILITYThe SFO has been criticised for its use of an expert witness in trials. Aziz Rahman examines how the SFO can be challenged over its use of such witnesses.
HEALTH AND SAFETY: THE CORPORATE IMPLICATIONSSyedur Rahman and Nicola Sharp consider how companies can minimise the problems that can be posed by health and safety prosecutions.
AUTOMATION AND MONEY LAUNDERINGAziz Rahman explains how automation can bring its own risks of money laundering – and how they can be reduced.
INCREASED INSOLVENCY POWERSBen Ticehurst explains the new powers at the Insolvency Service's disposal – and what those in business need to do to ensure they do not fall foul of them.
MANAGING THE PROBLEM OF BRIBERY IN HIGH-RISK COUNTRIESAziz Rahman considers the corruption problems energy and resources companies have encountered and assesses how they can be minimised.
THE SERIOUS FRAUD OFFICE: WAYS TO DEAL WITH ITAziz Rahman explains how to respond to a Serious Fraud Office (SFO) investigation in order to secure the best outcome.
Press Releases in the UK
ECJ Gives Landmark Decision In EU Spouse CaseThe European Court of Justice (ECJ) has ruled an EU national who becomes a British citizen does not lose the right to have a non-EU spouse live with them in the UK.
Pitmans crowned as top firm for trainee work/life balancePitmans has been awarded winner of the best work/life balance in the 2016 Lex 100 - a survey that is recognised as the most comprehensive valuation of training opportunities at law firms across the UK.
Gender Pay Gaps: The Latest Reporting RequirementsOn average, male employees are paid more than female employees. In 2015, men working full-time were paid approximately 9.4% more than women working full-time. As a result, the government is working to introduce measures with the aim of reducing this gap.
Pitmans acts on Westcoast's acquisition of Art Systems Holdings LtdPitmans LLP has acted on behalf of its longstanding client, Westcoast (Holdings) Limited on its acquisition of Art Systems Holdings Limited.
Insolvency Update: Changes that take effect from April 2016The Department of Justice has issued a practice direction in connection with the new insolvency express trials pilot.
The Apprenticeship LevyFollowing last year's autumn statement, HMRC has now published draft legislation which introduces the proposed new apprenticeship levy. The levy will have effect from 6 April 2017.
Coutinho -v- Liverpool Victoria Insurance Company Ltd Judgment 29 April 2016SOUTHAMPTON -- LV=, represented by Pitmans LLP, have won a case involving a fraudulent household insurance claim worth almost £50,000.
Pitmans promotes two PartnersPitmans today announced that Oliver Kelly (corporate) and Matt Heyworth (private client) will become partners as of 1 May 2016.
Pitmans advised the acquirer and the management team on the £12M MBO of Westfield MedicalThe management team were backed by Maven Capital Partners with PNC providing debt facilities.
Supreme Court ruling will lead to increase in business ratesMany businesses will be liable for increased business rates following last year's Supreme Court ruling in Woolway (Valuation Officer) v Mazars LLP.


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Universal Electronics to Present at Baird's 2016 Global Consumer, Technology & Services Conference
May 24, 2016
SANTA ANA, Calif.-- Universal Electronics Inc. (UEI), (NASDAQ:UEIC), announced Paul Arling, chairman and CEO, and Bryan Hackworth, senior vice president and CFO, are scheduled to attend Baird's 2016 Global Consumer, Technology and Services Conference on June 7, 2016 in New York City.
Management will present at 10:15 a.m. Eastern Time, with one-on-one meetings held throughout the day. A webcast of management's presentation will be available live and via replay for a period of 90 days at www.uei.com.
About Universal Electronics
Universal Electronics Inc.
(NASDAQ: UEIC) is the worldwide leader in universal control and sensing
technologies for the smart home. For more information, please visit www.uei.com/about.
Paul Arling, 714-918-9500
LHA Investor Relations
Becky Herrick, 415-433-3777
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UEI Corporate Marketing and Public Relations
Contact Us


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Lake Tahoe, NV (PressExposure) March 26, 2009 -- Paul Jeffreys, an online trader, hedge fund manager and financial consultant announced today that the Wealth Masters International (WMI) M2 Wealth Conference has kicked off and is under way at Harvey's Lake Tahoe hotel. The conference, which started on Sunday, March 22, will run through the March 25, when it will conclude with a gala awards banquet. According to Jeffreys the turnout is strong, driven by consultants seeking cutting edge strategies for dealing with the recession. "Everybody is excited," Jeffreys said. "We understand that a recession presents unique and lucrative opportunities for wealth creation. That's really what this M2 conference is all about."
The conference features two days of presentations plus a third day that combines a morning of seminars with afternoon breakout sessions. Keynote speakers will present the program itself and then participate in the breakout sessions. The M2Wealth Conference provides the information, expertise, and tools needed to grow money just like the most affluent do. The truly wealthy know how to grow their net worth and literally make money in their sleep. The Wealth Conference helps attendees to understand exactly how they do it. During this luxurious program, participants learn that it's not just how much you earn, but what you learn that creates lasting wealth.
Jeffreys says that the M2 is part of the progression for a WMI consultant. "We start with a solid financial education and related tools to help an individual build a solid foundation for wealth," he said. "The M2 is the next critical step where the consultant learns how to grow wealth, both personally and for others as well."
The M2 Wealth Conference features both Alliance members from the M1 Masters Program and exclusive access to world renowned experts from a variety of important fields. These experts have been chosen for their proven results-oriented track records, and cutting edge strategies in such fields as world economics, politics, business, and alternative health. The group includes authorities in their respective fields, CEO's and renowned speakers.
Although the M2 is a member's only event, Jeffreys suggests that anyone concerned about the recession should get as much financial education as possible. "Knowledge is power," he said, "especially when it comes to managing one's money."


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Why Camps Bay?
Head south from the beaches of Clifton (or north from the buzz of Sea Point) and you'll discover the chic suburb of Camps Bay. The main drag, Victoria Road, is jam-packed with funky restaurants, trendy pubs, and shops on one side, and a palm-fringed beach on the other.
Featured places to stay in this area
4 Bedroom Beach Villas R36500.00View this property
Villa Olivia
Both the view and the decor will take your breath away when you step into this stylish villa in a wind-free part of Camps Bay.


text: I'm hoping someone can help me here, I haven't had any luck on howardforums, for the past few weeks. My girlfriend of 4 years left me, and as of January 1st I'm moving to a cheap appt in a house in the country and unfortunately regular internet is not available there. So my options are to either get an aircard, or tether with my LG Shine Plus which runs Android 2.1. Most of my internet usage will be at school on wifi but I will need to do basic surfing and msn, email, submitting assignments on our school website (can't do on the phone) etc. at home. I already just renewed a 3 yr contract for the new phone, and I really dont want another 3 yr contract to get a free or discounted broadband device and I don't really want to pay for one when i know that I can just use my phone. So first I need to figure out how to get tethering working on this phone. I have tried both Easytether and PDAnet, and believe I've downloaded the required drivers. They both say that my phone is not connected to the computer when it is and I am able to access all the files on the phone with the computer. I have USB debugging turned on as per the instructions. There is no option on the phone menu's to turn on tethering. I'm not sure if I'm supposed to have USB storage turned on or off when it's connected to the computer, but either way will not work for me. I'm running out of patience, and almost to the point of giving up and trying to get by without internet at home. I will have to stay late at school to finish assignments on wifi if I do this. So has anyone else tethered on this particular Phone or any idea what it may need to work? I'm not sure I am confident about rooting my phone and I really would prefer USB tethering. Thanks.


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DAILYKENN.com -- A mother in South Africa is grieving the deaths of her children.
Thembi Letsoalo left her children with her nephews, thinking they were in good hands.
"They were supposed to protect and not kill the innocent," she said according to News24.
Letsoalo's three children and her 6-month-old grandchild were bludgeoned, allegedly by her nephews in Katlehong, on the East Rand, in December.South Africa has the highest murder rate of any country with a population greater than 35 million according to UNODC data.
The two murder accused allegedly stabbed the children all over their bodies before putting three of them in a bathtub filled with boiling water.
One of Letsoalo's children, however, survived the stabbing and managed to fight their two attackers off before calling the neighbours for help.
Asked how she felt when seeing the two accused in the dock, Letsoalo said she could not believe that those were the very same hands that had allegedly taken the lives of her children and grandchild.
The Letsoalo family told News24 they have had no answers to why the accused allegedly killed their cousins. — news24.com
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Online Article Directory!
Write Blog for Fun and Money
Blogging these days has become an important tool of communication in all parts of the world without any question. Ever since the information technology has developed and has become easily approachable for the masses, people have discovered new ways to voice their sound. Earlier, news papers and magazines were considered as the only means to raise your opinion, market your business or share any information with your target audiences. After some time, TV caught the spot light and business men and entrepreneurs in particular started investing in television ads in order to promote their services and products. Both these mediums of communication are still pretty much functional and considered highly effective however due to the ever increasing boom of information technology, people now consider internet as the fastest and most appropriate tool of communication in terms of results.
This heavy usage ratio of internet has given birth to blogging which has now become a full-fledged business in the current age as it provides fun as well as a healthy living in the form of handsome earning.
People usually write free blogs just for the sake of fun as they like sharing their views and opinion on any subject matter with the outside world. Let us first analyze how to start a free blog on any topic is fun.
Blogging is fun as it gives you a chance to speak your heart out. People like such platforms where they can talk freely as its fun and relaxing. So, start a blog and share your personal views on any subject matter and you will get to know how satisfying and relaxing it is. When you create a blog and post it on regular basis, you develop a loyal group of readers who follow your writings and thus you become a known personality in the online community and who does not like fame! The comment section of your free blog will also allow you to have an interesting session of conversation with your readers which will enable you to make new friends and thus have loads of fun.
A huge percentage of people write free blogs in order to earn money. Now, how blogging can earn you money? When you start a blog, you need to work hard in order to increase traffic on your free blog by producing quality content. Once you will be able to do this, you can earn money via blogging through a variety of ways. For instance, you can sell ad space on your blog. All the famous companies who are familiar with your high traffic will automatically contact you for the promotion of their products and services. Writing with honesty and building your own credibility with your writing is another good way to earn money via your free blog as businesses will contact you for their promotion and publicity knowing that people trust your words.
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The award is the Brian Woodward Memorial Award in Advertising Leadership.
One of Australia's best, and best known motoring journalists, Woodward was founding Chairman to Tread Lightly! in Australia. He died after a heart attack on December 21, last year.
"Woody, as he was affectionately known, espoused the Tread Lightly! cause with a passion," said Ian Glover, Tread Lightly's media committee member. "Woody became an earnest spokesman who believed (as he put it) that through guilt by association, vehicle manufacturers would become the cigarette companies of the 21st century unless all 4WD users, be they shooters, canoeists or whatever, were taught some idea of environmental responsibility."
"We are committed to demonstrating that outdoor recreation can co-exist with environmental protection," said Chris Osborne Director of Tread Lightly! Australia and proprietors of Australian 4WD and Adventure Show Pty Ltd who are the major sponsor of the award.
Other supporters of the award are The Department of Conservation and Land Management of Western Australia and the Off Road Great Escapes Magazine.
Each year the award will be presented to the advertiser who most effectively communicates the Tread Lightly! message through its advertising.
"Responsible advertising has always been a major area of concern for Tread Lightly!", said Jan Scudamore Executive Director of Tread Lightly!, in making the announcement. "With this new project, we are attempting to encourage advertisers to include the principles of Tread Lightly! in a way that enhances their own message.
"The only contact the vast majority of the population has with any given recreation is the advertisements they see for the products used in the recreation. The perception then becomes in many peoples mind the reality" Mrs Scudamore said.The winner of the new award will be recognised as a leading citizen of the advertising community and presented with a unique sculptural award. The winner will be the subject of a national media campaign and will have exclusive use for one year of a specially created Advertising Leadership Award logo and will be recognised at an official ceremony in the year 2000.


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Make Your Monday - February 9th
Em had a lovely warm weather weekend and enjoyed some thriving family time at the beack with her Thriving Mommy, the babies, Nic, her mom and BK. Sneaking in a mani/pedi made it even sweeter! Sunday she and Nic hit Bike2theBeat for Em's Sunday cycle class and sweat their hearts out!
Whatcha got? Dogs? Babies? Family? Night out with the girls? Great workout behind you? What is the best thought you can conjure right now? Well, dig it out, think about it and hold on. Feel the smile cross your face as you close your eyes and relive whatever gives you joy. Feel your shoulders become lighter and your body relax as you enjoy each second of that thought. Now take that new found positive outlook and apply it to the rest of your day. Keep it close and call on it as you need, you get to choose to make today great...so do it.


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Interview with Victor Hanson-Smith (Ph.D. 2012)
Dissertation Title Error and Uncertainty in Computational Phylogenetics Dissertation Abstract The evolutionary history of protein families can be difficult to study because necessary ancestral molecules are often unavailable for direct observation. As an alternative, the field of computational phylogenetics has developed statistical methods to infer the evolutionary relationships among extant molecular sequences and their ancestral sequences. Typically, the methods of computational phylogenetic inference and ancestral sequence reconstruction are combined with other non-computational techniques in a larger analysis pipeline to study the inferred forms and functions of ancient ...»
My Experience as a Masters Student in the UO CIS Department
Rohit Prakash graduated in the September 2012 with a masters degree in Computer Science. Before coming to the U of O, he spent the first 23 years of his life in Bangalore, India where he was born and raised. He completed his bachelor's degree in 2009 in Information Science from PESIT, Bangalore. He moved to the US to pursue his masters at the U of O in 2010. Here is Rohit's description of his experience in CIS: "During my 2 years of Masters study at UO CIS, I had the esteemed opportunity of working with great Professors, and had a wonderful experience under the mentorship and guidance of many Professors including Dr. Stephen Fickas, Dr. Chris Wilson, and Dr. Michael Young who were ...»
Profile: Megan Chinburg
Megan Chinburg, a 2003 graduate of CIS, is Vice President for Engineering at Cedexis, Inc.,a growing Portland area internet company. She previously held technical and management positions at Lunar Logic and Jive Software. We asked Megan to share some lessons from her career so far. Tell us a little bit about what Cedexis does, and the challenges and rewards of your work. Simply put, we're in the business of making the internet faster We're experts in multi-cloud, multi-provider solutions. We provide our customers with the ability to understand the real-time end-user experienced performance of their site (Radar). We also provide them with our hosted toolset that allows them to ...»
2014 Commencement Speaker, Life After UO CIS
Elena Peterson received her bachelors degree in Computer and Information Science from the University of Oregon in 1990. Later that same year, she joined the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, Washington and is currently a Senior Research Scientist in the Computational and Statistical Analytics Division. Ms. Peterson has led the research, development, and management of multiple cross-disciplinary, multi-laboratory projects focused in the fundamental sciences and national security sectors. Her work has included research and development of integration computational environments for bioinformatics, physics, computational chemistry, and cyber security. She is currently the ...»


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There are a very small number of places that can be considered as having the best burrito in town. My vote always lies between Super Cuca's (the one on Micheltorena) and El Buen Gusto. But it's hard to compare the two because they are so different. So I basically don't compare them and always give them each the title of best burrito.
Especially after tonight's Super Asada at El Buen. THE best burrito in town.
Tuesday, January 20, 2009
Best in Show
Labels: El Buen Gusto, Super Cuca's
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Learn about this topic in these articles:
side effect of radiation
...are produced for which there is no analogue in the gaseous state. They owe their existence to the collective behaviour of atoms and molecules in close proximity. The more important of them are the exciton state, the polaron state, the charge-transfer (or charge-separated) state, and the plasmon state.


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- Error
01 March 2010
In March 2010, Geofabrics will proudly open our new
Geosynthetic Centre of Excellence on the Gold Coast.
Established to support Australian engineers' understanding of geosynthetics, the Geosynthetic Centre of Excellence is a major milestone for Geofabrics. Housing testing equipment that is unique in Australia, the dedicated R&D laboratory offers engineers the opportunity to ensure the design and specification of geosynthetic systems aligns with the project requirements.
The Geosynthetic Centre of Excellence is an open environment, where designers, owners and regulators work with our technical team to research practical applications of geosynthetics in complex environments.
Linkages with leading research institutions will be developed to disseminate and encourage shared learning amongst the Australian and regional engineering profession.
Recent projects for the centre include comparative testing of the flow rates of landfill drainage systems and compatibility testing of geotextiles with the waste liquor produced by a mine site.
Click Here to download
Centre of Excellence Brochure


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Program 4b). LAO TSU'S WAY OF LIFE. Photographer/author Jane English borrows some pages from the Tao Te Ching ("The Way of Life"), a poetic guidebook about inner balance. These subtle truths by the ancient sage may be the greatest work in all of Chinese philosophy.
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