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The Holiday season is the time of year when we get into the spirit of giving and start our lists of who's been naughty and nice. With Black Friday and Cyber Monday over, there are still plenty of days left to shop for friends and loved ones.
It can be tempting to get caught up in the spirit of giving so much that after the Holidays are over we've put ourselves in a financial bind. The following are five tips to consider this Holiday season to avoid overspending.
- Make a list (check it twice). Write down a list of the individuals that you're planning on giving gifts. This will help give you a clear picture of whom you're shopping for and what you're planning on giving them.
- Set a budget (and stick to it). Some people may feel sad because their hearts are bigger than their wallets. That's ok. Try to avoid overspending and tallying up credit card debt. After the Holidays are over credit card debt is the gift that keeps on giving.
- Talk to your family. If your budget is tight, have a conversation with your family and tell them that you're going to be toning things down a bit this year. You may be surprised that they were thinking on doing the same thing but were just afraid to mention it.
- Give more of yourself. Have you neglected time with family or friends? Perhaps you've considered volunteering but couldn't find the time. Now's the perfect time. Time is precious and one of the few things we never get back. The gift of yourself and your time is greater than anything money could buy.
- Reflect on your life. Life is good. Perhaps there are others not as fortunate as you. Take time to enjoy what this season brings and the closeness it inspires in family and community. You'll may find that material possessions while fun, fizzle in comparison to the joy of being blessed with the life you have.


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People who are on a budget holiday trip to Cairns now can avail star accommodations for their night stay and relaxation easily by booking at Cairns Rainbow Resort.
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Bio: Kyle Hofsass is from Walworth, New York. He's a 4th year photojournalism major and will be graduating in May of 2015. Kyle's work focuses mainly on action sports and the sub-cultures formed around them.
What was your most challenging assignment as a photography student?
I think the most difficult assignment for me at RIT was my Senior Capstone. I had never tried envisioning or completing a long term project before, and I quickly learned that keeping yourself on task and focused while gathering such a huge body of work can turn into a real challenge. Aside from that my subject matter was something very near and dear to me, skateboarding, which made it difficult to distance myself enough to understand the broader needs and goals of the project. Despite the difficulties the project taught me a lot of important lessons in how I function as a photographer and has driven me to take my interests into new places.
What do you love about the school?
RIT does a really great job of making a lot of resources available to you. Aside from the fact that there's an incredible amount of equipment at your disposal, there's also a really diverse group of professors and students helping you to see so many different viewpoints in photography. In my time at RIT I've found that my goals and aspirations don't always align with a perfect path as provided by my major, but there are so many opportunities here that I've been able to tailor my education in a way that really benefits what I want to achieve.
To view more of Kyle's work, go to http://www.kylehofsass.com/


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This is the result of my participation to a responsible artist's project "discrimination."
I chose to create a series of three paintings entitled "Merchandising" to show that a discriminatory look is an impersonal look. I thought when looking at a person by detracting him, it is like looking at a product sale in a supermarket. We just consider him as his "packaging".
Thus in the three works I denounce three types of discrimination:
- Sex discrimination: In France, average women earn 12% less than men.
- Discrimination on age: a 45-50 years person has a hard time finding work. It is considered being "obsolete".
- Racial Discrimination: too often judged on their origines, people do not have the chance to show their true qualities and defects.


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Click Below For More Information About Each Program Area
Guides and Schedules
Not sure which programs are running this week? Check the 2017 Spring Programming Schedule.
View our yearly calendar to find days we're closed, non-school days, and special events.
For any questions, concerns, or to get involved with programs contact:
Dave Corcoran, Program Director
(715) 627-1389


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Please note: This was published over a year ago. Phone numbers, email addresses and other information may have changed.
Past visits spur love of Turkey and its language for Isabelle Mcrae
Photos and Story by James Hill
Portland Community College student Isabelle Mcrae has focused her education on international studies and hopes to someday be a translator. This summer, she is taking steps toward her goals as the first-ever PCC student to earn a prestigious Critical Language Scholarship to Turkey.
The scholarship is a two-month program from June through August and is run by the U.S. State Department. After an orientation in Washington D.C, Mcrae will head to the country. The program is designed to encourage more students to study critical foreign languages. Awardees are given full funding for airfare, housing, meals, tuition and cultural activities to engage in an eight-week summer program of study.
"When I heard that I had won, I was on the phone with my sister and I started screaming," said Mcrae, who is a student at PCC and Portland State University as part of the institutions' dual enrollment pact. "I couldn't believe it. It was a competitive program, and it validates everything I've been doing. It's an amazing feeling."
What's even more amazing is that Mcrae isn't studying Turkish at PCC (she takes Spanish). It was a few years ago that while traveling the world she decided to detour to Turkey. An excursion of volunteering in small villages for a few weeks turned into months, which helped the Northeast Portland resident gain a rudimentary understanding of the Turkish language. This brief exposure, coupled with wanting to transfer to Portland State University's Turkish language program, made applying for the CLS opportunity a no-brainer.
"It's a fascinating language and with PSU having a program, it made sense to study it," she added. "It's not a language that is taught at most institutions. But thankfully to win one of these scholarships, you don't need to be in a Turkish language class or program."
PCC has had eight students win Critical Language Scholarship opportunities to Russia since 2011. But Mcrae is the first to win an immersion experience to Turkey.
"It's truly exceptional to win a CLS," said Anne Haberkern, director of the Curriculum Support Office at PCC. "Isabelle was competing with applicants from across the U.S, including students from all of the Ivy League institutions, major research universities, and others. Each year there are typically more than 5,000 applicants for the program and only about 500 scholarships awarded, so fewer than 10 percent of the applicants are successful."
McRae's own faculty are thrilled to see her get this opportunity to study abroad.
"I was delighted but not surprised to learn of Isabelle's CLS honor," said Andrew Cohen, her creative writing instructor. "She's a focused and highly engaged student. In our creative nonfiction class she showed her colors as a real travel writer, recounting her first big trip to Turkey in memorable color and detail, while thoughtfully exploring the risks and especially rewards of international travel."
The Port Townsend, Wash., native will stay with a Turkish host family, participate on field trips, and spend 20 hours in credit classes learning the language. This won't be new for her, she's been to Turkey four times before, but acknowledges this will be a challenge.
"I consider myself a beginner," Mcrae admitted. "Hopefully, I can work to become an intermediate speaker by the end of the summer. I've always been interested in the language, and want to be forced to interact and be tested by being immersed in the culture. It's the fastest way to learn. I'm so grateful to have the opportunity and not have to break the bank to do it."
Congratulations, Isabelle! You award is well deserved. I wager that you will prove instrumental in bridging differences between Turkey and the U.S. Will you be writing a blog or column documenting your experiences and showing off your writing skills?
thatz amazing how exciting
This inspires me to continue with my Spanish studies, while focusing on my fitness journey this spring through Ted Schatz w/ Core Fitness, while aspiring ahead to my ultimate goal of studying higher education@PSU
Way to go, Isabelle!!
Yaaay Isabelle! You are such an awesome, bright young woman! I'm so happy for your success!
What an amazing accomplishment ~ and exciting opportunity! Congrats!!
[…] In addition to the two Russian language scholars, PCC had its first Turkey CLS scholar. […]


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'What a Load of Rubbish' is a 2-hour short course that will help you engage Year 7 to Year 10 students in real-life learning. In this course, you will explore:
- The different types of waste in schools.
- How to conduct student-led waste audits to measure things like landfill, recycling, organic waste and paper.
- How to empower students to undertake waste reduction projects.
- Stories about what other schools are doing.
All Classroom resources are mapped to Science and Maths in the Australian Curriculum. The activities can also be used as a launch pad for student teams to undertake waste projects in your school.
Secondary teachers, curriculum leaders, aides, education officers and service providers working with Years 7 to 10 students.
This is a 2-hour short course available online. This course can be completed at any stage over a two-week period.
New start dates to be released soon!
How much?
This course contributes to 2.0 professional development hours.


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For the second time The Tank Museum is hosting the Wheels of Steel ride in event, to end off the season. This fundraising ride in provides a great social atmosphere with proceeds going to The Tank Museum and other local charities.
Tigers Children Motorcycle Display Team
We will also be having a children's motorcycle display team at the Museum producing exciting displays for you to watch and enjoy! The performance will last approximately 45 minutes. Please click here to find out more about the display team.
- Trade Stands, Exhibitors and Classic Bikes
- Catering Facilities
- Tanks in Action Display
- Close to Dorset's stunning 95 mile stretch of Jurassic Coastline
- Live Entertainment
Our last Tanks in Action Display of the summer holidays will take place in our Kuwait Arena with life like explosions, thundering engines and expert commentary. Not to be missed!
Riders should expect to pay £2 on the day to park their bike in the Museum's car park.
The option to purchase a ride in and discounted Museum entry ticket on this day is available for £11.
The ride in will take place between 9am - 4pm and the Museum will be open as usual 10am - 5pm.
Please note that the last bike admission to the ride in will be at 3.30pm.
Riders can benefit from a discounted entry rate of £11 to the Museum on this day, which gives them access to the whole site, Tanks in Action Display and also the Vehicle Conservation Centre. However, this will not include an Annual Pass. If you wish to purchase the Annual Pass you will need to pay the normal admission fee of £13. The ride-in only will cost £2.
Bikes are left at their owners risk and we advise that riders bring sufficient stands or pucks for parking on grass.


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Los Angeles Sparks vs. Connecticut Sun - 6/26/15 WNBA Pick, Odds, and Prediction
Connecticut Sun (6-1) vs. Los Angeles Sparks (0-5)
WNBA Basketball: Friday, June 26, 2015 at 7:00 pm (Mohegan Sun Arena)
The Line: Connecticut Sun -8 -- Over/Under: 139 See the Latest Odds
TV: Live Access
The Los Angeles Sparks and Connecticut Sun meet Friday night at the Mohegan Sun Arena.
The Los Angeles Sparks are still looking for their first win after a tough 0-5 start. The Los Angeles Sparks are averaging 63 points on 41 percent shooting and are allowing 74.6 points on 46.6 percent shooting. Jantel Lavender is averaging 13.8 points and 10.6 rebounds while Nneka Ogwumike is averaging 11 points and five assists. Temeka Johnson is dishing seven assists and Jennifer Lacy is grabbing 3.4 rebounds. The Los Angeles Sparks continue to stink defensively, which includes allowing 35.4 percent shooting from deep and a combined 160 points in their last two games. Of course, injuries aren't helping as Candace Parker and Alana Beard remain out. Kristi Toliver is questionable due to personal reasons.
USA TODAY Sports
The Connecticut Sun look to build on their impressive six-game winning streak. The Connecticut Sun are averaging 76.7 points on 42 percent shooting and are allowing 68 points on 38.5 percent shooting. Alex Bentley is averaging 15.7 points and 3.1 rebounds while Kelsey Bone is averaging 14.9 points and 6.7 rebounds. Alyssa Thomas is the third double-digit scorer and Jasmine Thomas is dishing 3.3 assists. The Connecticut Sun are shooting 34.2 percent from beyond the arc and have scored no less than 76 points in their last four games. The Sun are also first in total defense. The Sun's only loss this season came at home on opening day.
The Sparks are 4-1 ATS in their last 5 road games and 1-5 ATS in their last 6 games overall. The Sun are 6-0 ATS in their last 6 home games and 13-3 ATS in their last 16 games overall. The Sparks are 4-1 ATS in the last 5 meetings in Connecticut and 1-4 ATS in the last 5 meetings overall.
The Sun have covered 13 of their last 16 games, and the Sparks are playing horrible ball on top of being injuried. I look for Connecticut to win by double digits.


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Oh my goodness, I just realized something???
Dick Grayson is a safety net for everyone else in DC.
Allow me to explain:
So everyone knows how Dick's parents died: Tony Zucco was a rude jerkface who sabotaged the wires for the Flying Graysons' trapeze act, the ropes snapped, they fell to their deaths right in front of poor baby Dick's teeny little eight year-old eyes, we all know the story. But the thing about this situation is that most acrobats would use a safety net in case they fell. The Flying Graysons, however, chose to do that particular act without a net in order to create more excitement. So they died because there was no one to catch them. Dick's family died because they had no safety net.
Cut to a little over a decade later, and Dick is Nightwing. He's been with Batman, he's been a member of several teams, and he's met so many other superheroes in the DC universe that practically everyone is a friend of Nightwing. He has helped nearly everybody at some point or other, so he's known for lending a helping hand to anyone who asks. Out of all the many, many, many superheroes in the universe, Dick himself is known as the one any person can go to for help no matter what. There's never any doubt when it comes to Dick. He will always and without question be there for anyone who needs him. He's their rock.
In fact, Dick is probably one of the only characters besides a few prominent heroes like Batman and Superman who everyone can rely on. Everyone has their own reputations, whether it be a good or a bad one. Bruce's is being dark and broody, but Dick's is being trustworthy. Everyone can vouch for him. Dick can always be trusted, no matter what. It even says it right here:
And in this panel too, Superman tells Dick that he is the single person who in every place in the multiverse can never be corrupted:
See? Dick is one of the only guys whom every single hero knows he/she can trust and that this is something that will never change. Because Dick is good. Dick will never let anyone down or betray them, it's just not in his DNA. If anyone is ever in need of help, then you can bet your little tush that Dick Grayson will answer the call, no matter what it costs him. He saves everyone who needs it and is willing to catch them when they fall. Like a safety net. Dick catches people. That is his legacy. He couldn't save his parents from hitting the ground, but you can trust that he will bust his butt and try his hardest to ensure that from now on he will keep that from happening to anyone else.
And ever since the Flying Graysons fell, Dick kind of has a thing with falling. It's a conquered fear, one of which he confronts every day as he soars above cities and saves those who can't save themselves. But he can't stand the thought of falling without a net to catch you, so subconsciously that is the role he fills. He has become a metaphor for DC's safety net, as in he is the one character who everyone can trust to save them, whether they be civilians or other heroes. They can always trust that they can go to him for help when they need it, and Dick in turn will always be ready to save them. He is the one holding his arms out, ready to catch people when they fall and support them for as long as they need him to. He refuses to let anyone down. Dick is DC's rock, the one column that will never topple over no matter how hard you try. He is a safety net, prepared to catch people when they fall and ready to help them to fly again. Dick's parents had no safety net, so Dick is going to make sure no one else will have to be without one as long as he's there. And that my friends, is my epiphany of the day.


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We help you locate a Tadley saxophone tutor. Saxophone tuition are a great method to begin a stimulating new hobby, pick up a new skill and gain confidence in saxophone. Use our site to find Tadley saxophone teachers and choose which matches your needs so you can start your saxophone lessons in Tadley straight away!
First Tutors: Music is the fastest way to locate Tadley saxophone teachers in the UK, helping you discover Tadley saxophone tuition close to you and Tadley teachers to assist with any instrument like piano, violin or guitar. We can help you find Tadley saxophone tuition or a Tadley saxophone tutor to prepare for saxophone grades and develop your saxophone skills! We order Tadley saxophone tutors local to you by their tuition charges and distance from you.
If you are a saxophone tutor and would like to offer saxophone lessons in Tadley or anywhere else across the UK, please register with First Tutors: Music or find out more about us here. Becoming a Tadley saxophone teacher is a wonderful way to improve your own skills by providing saxophone lessons while helping others, all in the Tadley area!


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The One Love Foundation was created in 2010 to honor the memory of Yeardley Love, a UVA senior who was beaten to death by her ex-boyfriend just weeks short of graduation. Prior to that day, Yeardley's friends and family had no sense she was in danger. In the months that followed, they were stunned to learn that relationship violence is something 1 in 3 women and 1 in 4 men in this country will experience in his/her lifetime. Research also shows that young women ages 16-24 are 3x greater risk and have limited awareness of this fact. One Love's focus today is changing these statistics by sparking conversations in schools and their surrounding communities.
One Love works to give others the information that Yeardley and her friends and family didn't have about what unhealthy and potentially dangerous relationship behaviors look like, empowering them to help themselves and their friends. To do this, One Love focuses on building emotionally engaging, powerful content and tools that meet people where they are, show them the relevance of this issue in their own lives, and inspire them to join a movement for change. Our fundamental belief is with a clearer understanding of the behaviors that comprise abuse, this generation can reject such behaviors, work to build healthier communities and change the statistics around relationship violence.
The Database Manager will supervise the organization's donor services operations and donation data integrity. They will play a key role in overseeing all aspects of One Love's CRM needs, including ensuring accurate data entry into Salesforce, tying Salesforce data to Quickbooks financial data, and working with team leaders to develop necessary reports. This position will ensure accuracy and quality control standards are met within all internal CRM systems and will take the lead on strategic innovations in the organization's CRM usage.
Responsibilities include:
Manage work flow and accuracy of CRM systems including deposits, data entry, acknowledgements, receipts, matching gifts, recurring giving, and other outgoing material as needed
Assure the accuracy and integrity of the donor systems and data input, with an eye to developing organization-wide best practices for data management
Recommend/update database usage, policies, and procedures to Management
Identify issues with the database, research and identify methodologies of correction, and implement solutions
Design and maintain appropriate filing systems
Reconcile Salesforce data with Quickbooks data on a regular basis
Evaluate application upgrades and new hardware/software developments in Donor Services support. Make recommendations and supervise implementation
Supervise, mentor and motivate Donor Services team
Set goals for the team's performance and manage to those goals, adjusting when needed
Implement improvements to efficiency and effectiveness when needed
Serve as primary liaison between Operations team and the rest of the organization on all database and donor services issues. Take a lead role in coordinating CRM usage between departments, ensuring organization-wide consistency and accuracy
Design and prepare reports based on internal needs; Proactively seek input on report design and usage from end users
Provide support in preparation of monthly and annual financial reports, including annual financial audit
Bachelor's degree required
5+ years of experience in CRM or related area
Demonstrated proficiency using and managing a database. Experience with Salesforce a plus
Understanding of accounting principles and efficient business operations
Exceptional organizational and time management skills
Comfortable in a fast paced, entrepreneurial and quickly growing organization
Familiarity with Word, Excel, PowerPoint, Google applications, Salesforce and Quickbooks
Demonstrated success in team-based work settings
Excellent written and oral communication skills
Extremely self-motivated and a master multi-tasker
Sense of humor a plus
The compensation and benefits package is competitive with comparable nonprofits in the region.
The position is based in Westchester County, New York, a 35-minute train ride from Grand Central Station in Manhattan.
TO APPLY: Send the following to email@example.com
Put: "I'm your next Database Manager" in the subject line
Include an attached resume in PDF format
In 150 words or less, pitch us on why you're the best candidate for the job


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Last week, Kim Kardashian tweeted that she was redoing her whole wardrobe and that she was ready to try new looks for 2015. The reality star, however, seems to have no plans to ditch her all-time favorite color as well as her trademark figure-hugging clothing pieces.
On Thursday last week, she was seen in a black fitted skirt with a matching biker jacket while shopping in the Big Apple. For John Legend's birthday party in the evening of the same day, she changed into another black outfit — a plunging Balmain dress and Kanye West heels.
Kim Kardashian at John Legend's birthday party at the Catch restaurant in New York City on January 8, 2015
Just the other day, the mom-of-one flew back to Los Angeles in yet another curve-hugging black outfit. She was stylish but comfy in a pair of knee-length leggings, a sheer long-sleeved top, and a luxurious designer fur coat. She wore her hair in a slick ponytail, which was also nothing new.
Kim completed her black airport outfit with a pair of satin boots from Balmain's fall 2010 collection. They are unique with silk-covered buttons that go up from the shafts down to the vamps, providing a military vibe. They also have black stretch panels, zipper fastenings, almond toes, and self-covered heels. Unfortunately, these Balmain babies are already sold out in many retailers.
Kim Kardashian arriving at LAX on January 10, 2015
Balmain Button-Up Silk-Satin Boots, $1,295
Later that day, Kim attended the W magazine's It Girls Celebration at the A.O.C. restaurant in West Hollywood. As expected, she graced the event in black — a Stella McCartney satin jumpsuit with a matching robe, which made her look like she just got out of bed.
Kim at the W magazine's It Girls Celebration at the A.O.C. restaurant in West Hollywood on January 10, 2015
Now, is this what she calls "new look"? Perhaps we'll be seeing more of her in satin! Anyway, we can't wait to see what she has in store for red carpet events this year.
Credit: Michael Wright/WENN/Kim Kardashian's Instagram


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As the vast amount of information about the many benefits of massage continues to grow, so does it's popularity. Unfortunately, there are a few problems one faces when considering massage:
- How do I know which type of massage is best for me?
- How do I find a truly good, qualified therapist?
- How do I afford the high costs of massage?
(typically $70 to $120 per hour)
That's where we come in! Our licensed therapists are highly trained in various techniques, addition to be tried and tested by management to ensure the highest level of quality. After consulting with you about your specific needs, our therapist utilize all their skills by combining whichever technique necessary to make your massage as effective as possible!
Although, if there is a particular type of massage that you are familiar with and prefer, we will most certainly accommodate your request.
As far as cost, we have designed a member based plan which is affordable, making it possible to get regular treatments without the financial stress!
When new offers are available from this business.


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Saudi Aramco withdraws from Vietnam Refinery, Petrochemical Project
Saudi Aramco has decided to back out from a refinery project it had planned to set up along with Thailand's state-owned PTT in Vietnam, as the Middle Eastern producer focuses on other projects in Southeast Asia in its effort to lift its global refining capacity.
PTT told S&P Global Platts in an emailed statement that Aramco, a co-sponsor of its planned Victory refining and petrochemical project in Vietnam's Binh Dinh province, had exited the project.
Saudi Aramco wasn't immediately available for comment.
Both PTT and Saudi Aramco had jointly submitted the project's detailed feasibility study to the Vietnamese government in 2014.


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|8. Juni 1999
|12. Sept. 1997
|18. Sept. 1996
|Auch veröffentlicht unter
|Roberto Capriotti, Mizanur Rahman
|Ursprünglich Bevollmächtigter
|Itron, Inc.
|Zitat exportieren
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patentzitate (21), Referenziert von (40), Klassifizierungen (14), Juristische Ereignisse (13)
|Externe Links: USPTO, USPTO-Zuordnung, Espacenet
The present application claims the benefit of and incorporates by reference U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/026,277, filed Sep. 18, 1996, entitled GMR SENSOR FOR COUNT AND TAMPER DETECTION.
The present invention relates to a method and sensor assembly for sensing a gradiated energy field in the presence of a relatively large static tamper field of the same energy. More particularly, the present invention may utilize the giant magnetoresistive ratio (GMR) effect of a sensor for both count and tamper detection in the sensor assembly. The invention further includes a method of forming the sensor assembly.
Utility meters are used for billing commodities provided by public utilities such as power, gas, and water. For example, watt-hour meters, located at the customer premises, include meter units for measuring and recording electric power consumption by the customer. Typically, an induction-type watt-hour meter is provided at each customer location. The induction-type watt-hour meter operates on a principle of a rotating magnetic field of an induction motor. Electric power service is routed through the meter in a manner causing a metallic disk to rotate at a rate proportional to power consumption. Disk rotation is counted and recorded mechanically using a mechanical kilowatt hour register and/or electronically with data stored in a conventional semiconductor memory.
In such systems, there is the possibility that a dishonest customer will tamper with the meter to indicate a lower rate of consumption, resulting in an improperly low gas or electric bill. Numerous ingenious methods and devices have been devised by dishonest customers to cheat on such bills. A frequently used method of tamper is to impose a strong static energy field on the meter that is of the same type of energy as the field of energy being counted by the meter. With the aforementioned watt-hour meter, a way to affect the count related to consumption is to impose a magnetic field proximate the meter. It is desirable for such a meter to accurately count the consumption of the commodity and to detect tampering with the meter.
Presently, the most widely used means of counting is performed by using a small magnet embedded at the radius of a rotating shaft which is part of the mechanical function of the meter. A magnetic reed switch positioned near the shaft provides a low power sensor to count the rotation. One of the drawbacks of using a magnetic reed switch in this application is the relatively high level of handling required in volume production of meters. The reed switches typically are two contact metal strips sealed in a slender glass tube that is approximately one half inch in length. This package cannot be easily utilized in auto-place robotic assembly. Additionally, the magnetic reed switches are prone to variations in switching fields which can require additional quality/performance checks to be performed.
In the past, a number of magnetic tamper device, sensors have been used in utility meters. Such sensors have always been placed at a location within the meter that is remote from the count sensor. Detection of magnetic tamper is more accurately sensed in the closest proximxity to the site in the meter that the counting is sensed, rather than at a location that is spatially distant from the site of the count detection. In the past, the selection of a remote location for the tamper sensor has been an engineering compromise. The problem with existing tamper sensors is being able to place the count and tamper sensors in close proximity without the tamper sensor responding to the count actuating magnet. Responses by the tamper sensor to the count actuating magnet result in "false" tamper detections. It is highly undesirable to have a high percentage of "false" tamper detections. Such detections defeat the initial intent of a tamper sensor and result in costly trips for personnel into the field to respond to "false" tamper detections. Placing the tamper sensor at a location far enough from the count sensor location in the meter for the tamper sensor to be relatively immune from "false" tamper detections resulting from sensing the rotating magnetic field typically results in placement of the tamper sensor in a position in which actual tampers may not be detected.
Real world count and tamper sensors have tolerances that must be accounted for. These tolerances arise during the manufacture of such sensors. Accordingly, a production lot of count sensors, the entire lot ostensibly being identically produced, will also have a range of count thresholds. Similarly, a production lot of tamper sensors will have a range of tamper thresholds. The range of possible thresholds for both the count and tamper sensors must be taken into account in design of the sensor. It is virtually impossible with existing reed switch counting sensors to be able to detect all counts and all tamper situations without generating any false tamper detections.
Even solid state sensor devices are not immune form tolerance differences. For example, solid state devices are typically formed in layers on a disc of silicon substrate. The disc may be four to eight inches in diameter. Hundreds of nominally identical solid state devices are formed on the same silicon disc. The individual layers that extend across the full surface of the disc are typically formed by sputtering or similar techniques. The target for the sputtering application is the center of the silicon disc. As the sputtered deposition extends radially outward from the target center, there are variations in the layer that is deposited. These variations in the deposition layer result in tolerance differences between a sensor that was formed close to the target and a sensor that was formed close to the periphery of the disc.
Because of the aforementioned tolerances and the fact that nominally identical sensors are randomly selected for inclusion in a sensor assembly, there virtually always exists a condition where a tamper has occurred and has not been detected or a false tamper has been detected. FIG. 1 depicts this prior art situation. The tolerance variation typically results in the ± forty percent that is noted. The output voltage of any given sensor is depicted along the ordinate and the applied field (in this case a magnetic field) that is seen by the sensors is depicted along the abscissa. Selecting sensors at random results in either an overlap in sensor detection by the count and tamper sensors resulting on false tamper detections in the region between H4 -H5 or in a gap between the count and tamper thresholds in the region between H3 -H4 in which actual tamper conditions will not be detected.
FIG. 2 illustrates the prior art situation in which the influence of the static field causes a certain percentage of sensors in the indicated band to detect neither a count nor a tamper. The graph in the upper portion of FIG. 2 depicts sensor response in a manner that is similar to that of FIG. 1. A gradient field is depicted below the graph depicting a gradient field through 2π or 360° of rotation. The gradient field to the left is without the influence of a static tamper field. The effect of the imposition of the tamper field is to shift the gradient field to the right as indicated in the rightmost gradient field depiction. The minimum point on the gradient field is greater than the maximum count detection threshold H2 resulting in no count.
In the past, the tolerance variation of the individual sensors used for the count detector and for the tamper detector, though nominally having identical characteristics, resulted in the rejection of many sensors, for their individual tolerances were not compatible for use as count detectors and tamper detectors. This yield rate for sensor assemblies utilizing such randomly selected sensors was unacceptably low.
Magnetometers and other magnetic sensing devices are used extensively in many kinds of systems including magnetic disk memories and magnetic tape storage systems of various kinds. Such devices provide output signals representing the magnetic fields sensed thereby in a variety of situations.
Magnetometers can often be advantageously fabricated using ferromagnetic thin-film materials, and are often based on magnetoresistive sensing of magnetic states, or magnetic conditions, therein. Such devices may be provided on a surface of a monolithic integrated circuit to provide convenient electrical interconnections between the device and the operating circuitry therefor.
In the recent past, reducing the thicknesses of the ferromagnetic thin-films and the intermediate layers in extended "sandwich" structures having additional alternating ones of such films and layers, i.e, superlattices, have been shown to lead to a "giant magnetoresistive ratio effect" being present. This effect yields a magnetoresistive response which can be in the range of up to an order of magnitude greater than that due to the well-known anisotropic magnetoresistive response.
The resistance in the plane of a ferromagnetic thin-film is isotropic with respect to the giant magnetoresistive ratio effect rather than depending on the direction of a sensing current therethrough as for the anisotropic magnetoresistive effect. The giant magnetoresistive ratio effect has a magnetization dependent component of resistance that varies with the angle between magnetizations in the two ferromagnetic thin-films on either side of an intermediate layer. In the giant magnetoresistive ratio effect, the electrical resistance through the "sandwich" or superlattice is lower if the magnetizations in the two separated ferromagnetic thin-films are parallel than it is if these magnetizations are antiparallel, i.e., directed in opposing directions. Further, the anisotropic magnetoresistive effect in very thin-films is considerably reduced from bulk values therefor in thicker films due to surface scattering, whereas very thin-films are a fundamental requirement to obtain a significant giant magnetoresistive ratio effect.
In addition, the giant magnetoresistive ratio effect can be increased by adding further alternate intermediate and ferromagnetic thin-film layers to extend a "sandwich" or superlattice structure. The giant magnetoresistive ratio effect is sometimes called the "spin valve effect" in view of the explanation that a larger fraction of conduction electrons are allowed to move more freely from one ferromagnetic thin-film layer to another if the magnetizations in these layers are parallel than if they are antiparallel with the result that the magnetization states of the layers act as sort of a valve.
There is a need in the industry to provide the following improvements to a meter:
(1) Autoplacement, e.g. robotic placement, of a sensor or sensors onto a circuit board;
(2) Providing count and magnetic tamper detection at substantially the same location within the meter;
(3) Provide an "overlap" in tolerances of the count and tamper detector without setting false tamper alarms;
(4) Provide an "overlap" in tolerances of the count and tamper detector without missing any actual magnetic tamper;
(5) Improve the manufacturing yield of the sensor; and
(6) Provide a gradiometer count sensor that will continue to count until the device reaches saturation.
The present invention substantially meets the aforementioned needs of the industry. The present invention utilizes both a static energy field sensor (a magnetometer) and a gradient energy field sensor (a gradiometer). A magnetometer is a sensor for measurement of a magnetic field intensity. A gradiometer is a specialized magnetometer for sensing the gradient of a magnetic field. Additionally, in a preferred embodiment the present invention utilizes a magnetometer and a gradiometer exhibiting the Giant Magnetoresistive Ratio (GMR) effect. More broadly, the present invention utilizes a gradient energy sensor to detect a count and a static energy sensor to sense a tamper, where the energy sensed by the gradient energy sensor is the same energy as the energy sensed by the static energy sensor. For example, the gradient and static sensors could be optical sensors in the presence of light energy. Additionally, Hall effect sensors may be used, VH, the Hall voltage being proportional to B, the magnetic field, (for a given current I).
The present invention is a sensor assembly for sensing count and tamper, where the count is related to an energy field having a gradient along an axis of sensitivity and where the tamper is related to a static energy field, and where the energy comprising the static energy field is the same type as the energy comprising the energy field having a gradient. The sensor assembly includes an energy gradient detector that has at least a first sensor spaced apart from and communicably coupled to a second sensor along the axis of sensitivity. A static energy detector that has at least a first shielded sensor, the shielded sensor being substantially shielded from the energy field having a gradient and from the static energy field. A second unshielded sensor is communicably coupled to the shielded sensor.
FIG. 1 is a graph of prior art count and tamper detectors with overlapping tolerances that give rise to false tamper detections;
FIG. 2 is a graph of prior art count and tamper detectors wherein the ranges of the count and tamper detectors are spread apart giving rise to actual tampers not being detected;
FIG. 3a is a top planform view of the count and tamper sensor assembly of the present invention disposed proximate a section of the rotating shaft of the meter with a magnet embedded therein;
FIG. 3b is a side elevational view of the count and tamper sensor assembly of the present invention disposed proximate the rotating shaft of the meter with a magnet embedded therein;
FIG. 4 is a top planform view of the count and tamper sensor assembly of the present invention disposed on a substrate where the count sensors are disposed in a bridge layout;
FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the sensor assembly of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the count and tamper detectors of the present invention comparing voltage and magnetic field wherein saturation of both the count and tamper detector occurs at a magnetic field of 180 Gauss;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the count and tamper detectors of the present invention comparing voltage and magnetic field wherein the saturation point of both the count and tamper detector occurs at a magnetic field of 420 Gauss; and
FIG. 8 is a graphic depiction of a gradiometer output with respect to the field gradient along the sensitivity axis between sensor pairs.
The sensor assembly of the present invention is shown generally at 10 in the Figures. In FIGS. 3a, 3b the sensor assembly 10 is depicted in relationship to a rotating shaft 12. The rotating shaft 12 has a magnet 14 imbedded therein. Rotation of the magnet 14 results in an energy gradient as depicted at 18 in FIG. 2 to be sensed by the sensor assembly 10 as the rotating shaft 12 rotates through 2π revolutions or 360° of revolution. Revolution of the shaft 12 is indicated by arrow A. Each passage of the energy gradient 18 is detected as a count by the sensor assembly 10. The depicted magnet 14 is formed in an elongate structure. With such elongate structure, the sensor assembly 10 may be advantageously placed biased toward one or the other of the two poles of the magnet 14. With a magnet 14 having a more compact structure, the sensor assembly 10 may be advantageously placed equidistant from the two poles of the magnet 14.
The sensor assembly 10 has leads 16 coupled to a sensor body 20. The leads 16 are designed to be mounted by robotic auto-placement in a surface mount on a circuit board. The leads 16 may be flow soldered by known methods to conductive strips embedded in the circuit board. A sensitivity axis depicted as arrow B is parallel to the long axis of the sensor assembly 10. The sensor assembly 10 is disposed with respect to the shaft 12 such that the sensitivity axis B is parallel with the longitudinal axis (the rotational axis) C of the shaft 12 and is normal or orthogonal to a plane of gradiation of the spatially varying magnetic field that results from the rotation of the magnet 14 as the spatially varying magnetic field is seen by the sensor assembly 10.
As will be described, the sensing of the energy gradient requires that at least two sensors be spaced apart so that there is a potential difference between the two sensors as the gradient is sensed. Accordingly, the sensitivity axis B is coincident with or parallel to a line drawn between the two spaced apart sensors that comprise the energy gradient detector.
Referring to FIG. 4, the sensor assembly 10 is depicted mounted on a substrate 26. The substrate 26 is preferably formed of a silicon material. Many hundreds of sensor assemblies 10 may be simultaneously formed on a single wafer formed of the material of substrate 26 by known methods. The single wafer may be six to eight inches in diameter. After such formation, the many sensor assemblies 10 formed thereon are cut from the substrate wafer to form the individual sensor assemblies (chips) 10 as depicted in FIG. 4. Since each sensor assembly 10 is formed integrated in a single chip that includes all the necessary detectors for count and tamper detection integrated thereon, all the necessary detectors the are formed at substantially the same radial displacement from the target point (geometric center) on the wafer. Accordingly, the tolerances of all the individual detectors formed on the substrate 26 are substantially the same. In this way the manufacturing yield of the sensor assemblies 10 of the present invention is substantially increased as compared to the past practice of forming the individual detrectors singly on a dedicated chip and later randomly selecting a group detectors to form the count and tamper sensor. Such random selection resulted in an unacceptably low yield due to the fact that the sensors being randomly selected for inclusion in a count and tamper sensor resulted in the count and tamper sensor consisting of a number of detectors having widely varying tolerances. With the present invention, the individual detectors are no longer randomly selected for inclusion in a certain count and tamper sensor assembly since the detectors are formed integrally on a single chip.
Sensor assembly 10 preferably has an elongate rectangular planform. The preferred dimensions of the sensor assembly 10 are less than 200 mils by 40 mils. In a preferred embodiment, the dimensions of the sensor assembly 10 are about 100 mils by 20 mils, although sensor assemblies 10 have been reliably demonstrated to perform the count and tamper detection functions that are 50 mils by 10 mils.
A count detector 28 and a tamper detector 30 are integrally formed on the substrate 26. As previously indicated, being in such close proximity during the formation process ensures that the individual sensors comprising the count detector 28 and the tamper detector 30 have substantially the same performance characteristics, including the same sensitivities and saturation point. This represents a significant departure from previous count and tamper detectors where the individual sensors making were formed at random locations on the silicon wafer and then selected to form the count detector 28 and the tamper detector 30.
In the embodiment of FIG. 4, there are four count sensors 32-35, labeled G1-G4 (indicating that the sensors 32-35 form a gradiometer) in the figure. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the count sensors 32-35 are GMR sensors. It is understood that other sensors responsive to the type of energy to be sensed may be employed as well. Such sensors include photosensors in the presence of a light energy field and Hall effect sensors in the presence of a magnetic field. The count sensors 32-35 are communicatively coupled by connecting strips 36 formed on the substrate 26.
It should be noted that the first pair of count sensors 32, 33 are spatially displaced from the second pair of count sensors 34, 35 along the long axis of the sensor assembly 10. Such spacial separation is necessary in order to sense the gradient of the energy field in order to detect a count. The sensitivity axis B then is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the sensor assembly 10. The count sensors 32-35 are communicatively coupled by the connecting strips 36 in a bridge arrangement. It is also possible to use a single count sensor spatially displaced from a second count sensor and communicatively coupled therewith in series circuit arrangement, although the bridge arrangement has been shown to be more sensitive to energy gradients.
There are five bonding pads formed on the sensor assembly 10. The bonding pads are ground pad 38, count pad 40, tamper pad 42, power pad 44 and sample pad 46. The bonding pads 38-46 are communicatively coupled to the count detector 28 and tamper detector 30 by the connecting strips 36 as indicated. Each of the bonding pads 38-46 is communicatively coupled to a lead 16 as depicted in FIGS. 3a, 3b. The count pad 40 is communicatively coupled by connecting strips 36 to count sensors 32 and 35.
There are two tamper sensors 50, 51. In the embodiment depicted in FIG. 4, the tamper sensors 50, 51 comprise a magnetometer and are labeled M1 and M2. As indicated above, the tamper sensors 50, 51 can be other types of sensors responsive to the particular type of static tamper energy field as long as one of the tamper sensors 50, 51 is shielded from the tamper field while the other of the tamper sensors 50, 51 is exposed to the tamper field. The tamper sensors 50, 51 are preferably GMR sensors in one embodiment. It should be noted that the six sensors comprising the count sensors 32-35 and the tamper sensors 50, 51 are identical.
Shield 52 is formed over tamper sensor 50. Shield 52 is preferably formed of a Permalloy material. The Permalloy shield 52 may have an affect on the flux lines of the tamper field. Accordingly, the preferred disposition of the tamper sensor 50 with respect to the count sensors 32-35 is equidistant from each of the count sensors 32-35 or centrally disposed with respect to the count sensors 32-35. Such disposition results in whatever affect the shield 52 has on the flux lines of a tamper field being equally felt by each of the count sensors 32-35. Accordingly, by positioning the shield 52 at the geometric center of the count sensors 32-35, no flux gradient that may be sensed by the count sensors 32-35 is generated by the shield 52.
The tamper detector 30 is connected in series with the power pad 44 and the ground pad 38. A tamper detection is taken from the tamper pad 42, the tamper pad 42 being communicatively to a connecting strip 36 extending between two of the contacts of the tamper sensors 50, 51.
Referring to FIG. 5, the gradiometer comprising the count detector 28 is wired in a parallel configuration with the magnetometer comprising the tamper detector 30. A tamper comparator 54 is communicatively coupled to both the tamper pad 42 and the sample pad 46. A count comparator 56 is communicatively coupled to both the count pad 40 and the sample pad 46. The sample signal available from the sample pad provides a reference against which the count signal from count pad 40 and the tamper signal from tamper pad 42 are compared to generate a tamper output from the tamper comparator 54 and a count output from the count comparator 56.
In the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 4 and 5, the count detector 28 is a GMR bridge. The GMR bridge of the present invention is a "gradiometer" type bridge. A gradiometer is sensitive only to fluctuating energy fields as distinct from static energy fields, as depicted in FIG. 8, although the gradiometer will saturate in the presence of a static energy field that is greater than the saturation point of the gradiometer. The sensor pairs indicated on the abscissa of the graph are count sensors 32, 33 as a first pair and count sensors 34, 35 as a second pair. As indicated in the graph at the origin there is no field gradient between the sensor pairs and no differential output. This corresponds to a situation where there is an energy gradient, but the two pairs of count sensors 32, 33 and 34, 35 are disposed so close together that no gradient is sensed. This is also the case where a static energy field is equally affecting each of the count sensors 32-35.
The depicted GMR gradiometer, comprising the count detector 28 is sensitive to a spatially varying magnetic energy, in the present embodiment, a rotating magnetic field. The count detector 28 is insensitive to a static magnetic field up until the static magnetic field equals or exceeds the saturation point of the count detector 28. Accordingly, the count detector 28 continues to count shaft 12 rotations by sensing the fluctuating magnetic field generated by the rotating magnet 14 embedded in the shaft 12, even in the presence of a static magnetic field, provided that the static magnetic field is less than the saturation magnetic field of the count detector 28.
The tamper detector 30 of the depicted embodiment of the present invention is a magnetometer type device that responds to both static fields and to fluctuating (spatially varying) fields. The sensors 32-35 and 50, 51 of the sensor assembly 10 of a preferred embodiment of the present invention operate in the range of approximately 35 to 500 gauss.
As previously indicated, sensors suitable for use as count and tamper sensors of the present invention may have a wide range of sensitivity if selected at random from a number of similarly manufactured sensors. Accordingly, a sensor that nominally saturates at a given field strength, for example 300 Gauss, typically has a sensitivity range plus or minus 40% as a result of manufacturing variances. Accordingly, such sensor may saturate at any point between 180 and 420 Gauss in the example. Advantageously, because all the sensors 32-35 and 50, 51 of the sensor assembly 10 of the present invention are deposited on the same integrated circuit structure, the tolerance for sensitivity of both the gradiometer, comprising the count detector 28, and the magnetometer, comprising the tamper detector 30, have the common characteristic that both will have substantially the same saturation magnetic field. Accordingly, for example, if the gradiometer (count detector 28) of a particular sensor assembly 10 saturates at 180 Gauss, the magnetometer (tamper detector 30) of the particular sensor assembly 10 will also saturate at 180 Gauss. If the gradiometer (count detector 28) of a particular sensor assembly 10 saturates at 420 Gauss, the magnetometer (tamper detector 30) of the particular sensor assembly 10 will also saturate at 420 Gauss.
This common characteristic is utilized advantageously in the sensor assembly 10 of the present invention. Referring to FIG. 6, the situation is presented, for example, in which both the gradiometer and the magnetometer saturate at 180 Gauss. A constant tamper threshold voltage is selected on the vertical axis. Above that threshold, the magnetometer will indicate a tamper voltage has been detected. Since the gradiometer does not respond to a static magnetic field, the gradiometer continues to accurately count in the region of between 160 and 180 Gauss. In this same region, the magnetometer is also detecting a tamper condition. At 180 Gauss both the magnetometer and the gradiometer saturate. In the saturated condition, no effective count and tamper detection signals are available from the meter.
FIG. 7 depicts the other extreme in sensitivity or tolerance of the magnetometer and the gradiometer. As depicted in FIG. 7, both the magnetometer and the gradiometer saturate at 420 Gauss. The tamper threshold selected is the same in FIG. 7 as was selected in FIG. 6. The gradiometer again accurately counts between zero and its saturation point at 420 Gauss. The magnetometer, on the other hand, detects a tamper at approximately 350 Gauss field strength. In the range between 350 Gauss and 420 Gauss, the magnetometer is detecting a tamper condition and at the same time the gradiometer is continuing to count accurately. With the overlap indicated in both FIGS. 6 and 7, all tamper situations are detected and no false tamper indications are generated.
In operation, the sensor assembly 10 of the present invention is disposed with respect to an energy gradient as indicated in FIGS. 3a and 3b. As the shaft 12 in FIG. 3a rotates, the sensor assembly 10 is exposed to an energy field having a bell shaped gradient as indicated in FIG. 2. Due to the rotation A of the shaft 12, the increasing gradient of the energy field is sensed first by count sensors 34, 35. A differential in field strength as sensed by sensors 34, 35 and the field strength as sensed by sensors 32, 33 is detected as a count. The differential in field strength that exists between the sensor pairs 34, 35 and the sensor pairs 32, 30 is as indicated in FIG. 8.
Assuming that the energy gradient sensed by the gradiometer count detector 28 is a magnetic field, it will be a tamper static magnetic field that is typically applied in order to try to defeat the counting. Because the sensor assembly 10 is so small, all the flux lines from an imposed tamper static field appear to the sensor assembly 10 as if they have their origin at infinity. Accordingly, all the sensors that comprise both the count detector 28 and the tamper detector 30 see the same static tamper field. Since all account sensors 32-35 are exposed to the same static tamper field, no differential between the sensor pairs 32, 33 and 34, 35 is generated by the static tamper field and therefore the count detector 28 does not detect a count. The effect of the imposed static tamper field on the count sensors 32-35 is to shift the energy gradient to the right as indicated in FIG. 2. Under such conditions, the count detector 28 continues to accurately count the fluctuations in the energy field gradient up until the point that the imposed static tamper field is greater than the saturation point of the count sensors 32-35.
As previously indicated, the shield 52 on the tamper sensor 50 may cause a flux imbalance in the flux lines emanating from the static tamper field. Such an imbalance could generate a differential between the count sensor pairs 32, 33 and 34, 35. By placing the tamper sensor 50 and the shield 52 in the geometric center of the count sensors 32-35, it is ensured that any flux in balance caused by the shield 52 is equally sensed by each of the count sensors 32-35. Accordingly, no energy field differential is caused thereby which may result in a false count.
The invention is not to be taken as limited to all of the details thereof as modifications and variations thereof may be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention.
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|Internationale Klassifikation
|Europäische Klassifikation
|27. März 1998
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Cold sore refers to very small sores that appear around the mouth, usually on the lips. Herpes simplex virus is the reason for the occurrence of these small blisters. It can be transmitted by such forms of contact as sharing eating utensils, razors, or towels with an infected person; or kissing an infected person. Cold sore typically clear up without any treatment within 7 – 10 days.
A person doesn't have any signs and symptoms when first become infected with the herpes simplex virus. An occurrence of cold sores can occur sometime later. Cold sores often start with an itching, tingling, and/or burning sensation around the mouth. After that, very small fluid-filled sores will appear, usually on the edges of the lower lip.
Natural Treatment of Cold Sores
Cold sores can appear at any time. They are usually triggered by things like fever, hormonal fluctuations, stress, sun exposure, illness or surgery. These small blisters can be really annoying and unsupportable, but there are a few things you can do in order to soothe, shorten the length or reduce the size of a cold sore outbreak.
According to the Your Health Tubers (and our professional and personal experience), these are the best natural treatments for cold sores:
- Garlic
Garlic has powerful anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. It can reduce swelling and speed healing when directly applied on the cold sore. Just take a few pieces of a garlic clove, peel them and smash them in order to make a paste. Apply garlic paste 5-7 times a day, holding it for 4-5 minutes. The feeling may not be pleasant but the results will be great.
- Aloe Vera
Aloe Vera gel is a widely popular for treating numerous health conditions. Studies have found that applying aloe Vera gel topically can help in healing the lesions of HSV-2 (genital herpes). You can use aloe Vera gel to treat cold sores, by applying it 4-5 times a day. It will calm the infected area and ease spreading of the herpes simplex.
- Chamomile Tea Bag
Chamomile is a herb with calming effects and is traditionally used for treating cold sores. Just put a chamomile tea bag into a hot water and leave it for 5 minutes. Then, remove it and let it cool down for a few seconds so you won't burn yourself. Still warm, apply directly on the infected area. Do this 6-7 times a day, for 5 minutes by using fresh and clean tea bag.
- Lemon
Lemon has great health benefits. You can use lemon for treating cold sores in many ways. Take an organic lemon and cut some piece from it. Apply the inner part of the lemon piece directly on the affected part. You will feel a little burning sensation – but that is when the healing process starts, so do not worry. Alternatively, use a lemon balm (or lemon tea bag) to provide the similar effects. Do this 4-5 times a day, for 5 minutes.
- Milk
No, you should not drink milk. Simply, soak a clean cotton ball into a cold milk and apply it on the sore. It will help you relieve the itching and tingling. This is an especially helpful remedy if you feel the tingling before even the cold sore comes to the surface. In this case, milk can even prevent the cold sore from appearing on a first place and/or speed the healing process.
Tips for Treating Cold Sores
- Do not squeeze, pick or pinch a cold sore;
- Wash your hands frequently;
- Apply sunscreen (SPF of 15 and higher) to your sore when going outside;
- Reduce stress (take zinc supplements, especially during stressful time to boost your immune system);
- Take a painkiller in case of painful cold sores (aspirin, ibuprofen, acetaminophen or some other OTC);
- Avoid acidic foods (including tomatoes, citrus fruits, and other foods with vinegar);
- Avoid foods high in arginine (found in nuts, seeds, chocolate, and whole grains);
- Eat lysine-rich foods (including fish, dairy products, meat (lamb, poultry, beef), beans, and mung bean sprouts), and
- Eat foods rich in iron (including fresh fruits, and vegetables as cauliflower, broccoli, onion, Brussels sprouts, garlic, and cabbage).
Cold sores usually clear up by themselves within 7 – 10 days. Natural remedies, as garlic, lemon, aloe Vera, milk and chamomile tea bag, can help you reduce the symptoms, ease the pain, and the speeding of the herpes simplex virus. In case you are not interested in home treatment, you can buy antiviral creams that are available from pharmacies without any prescription.
In order to be effective, these remedies should be applied as soon as the first signs and symptoms of a cold sore appear (when you feel an itching, tingling, or burning sensation). It is also really significant to lead a proper hygiene, avoid touching the affected area, reduce stress and eat more foods rich in iron and lysine.


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Before travelling, I like to read novels that are set in our destination to give a broader understanding of life and history of the place. For our upcoming trip to Greece, do you have any suggestions for historical novels, or anything else that really gives a feel for the place (apart from Zorba the Greek).
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Novels set in Greece
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For something contemporary check Maeve Binchy's "Night of Rain and Stars" and Alistair MacClean's "Santorini". For something more historical try Nicholas Gage's "Eleni".
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Corelli's Mandolin.
Its author is a Brit.
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It is one of the five surviving Novels of Ancient Greece and probably the best. Goethe called Daphnis and Chloe 'a masterpiece ... in which Understanding, Art, and Taste appear at their highest point. The story is set on the Greek Island of Lesbos. Daphnis and Chloe is the story of a boy (Daphnis) and a girl (Chloe), each of whom is exposed at birth along with some identifying tokens. A goatherd named Lamon discovers Daphnis, and a shepherd called Dryas finds Chloe. Each decides to raise the child he finds as his own. Daphnis and Chloe grow up together, herding the flocks for their foster parents. They fall in love but, being naive, do not understand what is happening to them. Philetas, a wise old cowherd, explains to them what love is and tells them that the only cure is "kissing." They do this. Eventually, Lycaenion, a woman from the city, educates Daphnis in love-making. Daphnis, however, decides not to test his newly acquired skill on Chloe, because Lycaenion tells Daphnis that Chloe "will scream and cry and lie bleeding heavily [as if murdered]." Throughout the book, Chloe is courted by suitors, two of whom (Dorcon and Lampis) attempt with varying degrees of success to abduct her. She is also carried off by raiders from a nearby city and saved by the intervention of the god Pan. Meanwhile, Daphnis falls into a pit, gets beaten up, is abducted by pirates, and is very nearly raped. In the end, Daphnis and Chloe are recognized by their birth parents, get married, and live out their lives in the country.
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Mary Renault, of course. Start with The Last of the Wine -- Athens during the Peloponnesian War or The King Must Die and The Bull from the Sea -- the myth of Theseus
There are quite a few more from her if you like her style.
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Mary Renault, of course. Start with The Last of the Wine -- Athens during the Peloponnesian War or The King Must Die and The Bull from the Sea -- the myth of Theseus
There are quite a few more from her if you like her style.
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Ooh good! My first double!
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The Magus by John Fowles
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Patricia Storace's Dinner with Persephone is non-fiction but a good read and might give you a feel for the country. Also The Cretan Runner, again non-fiction.
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I second "Eleni."
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Eleni, however, is non-fiction, set in WWII.
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My Brother Michael by Mary Stewart
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The Song of Achilles by Madeline Miller.
The Magus is a very strange, difficult novel. I don't think the casual reader would find it enjoyable.
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The Island by Victoria Hislop. It's set on an island off Crete called Spinalonga. It was used as a leper colony.
I found the novel fascinating
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The Island by Victoria Hislop
It's all greek to me by Jon Mole
The Summer of my Greek Taverna by Tom Stone
The Labyrinth by Panos Karnezis
I do not know if you say apart Zorba the Greek because you have read it or because it is a common suggestion... The book has a completely different feeling than the moviw on my opinion. Kazantzakis was not only a great author, he was mainly a philosopher and many of his views are bleded with the book's plot.
Freedom or Death by Nikos Kazantzakis is an other great read, especially if you are familiar with Crete's history.
There are old and somehow more difficult reads but still interesting and insightfull of a different ear, such as Henry Miller's The Colossus of Maroussi, or Lawrence Durrell's and Patrick Leigh Fermor's various memoirs/books.
Then you have the old time classic Iliad and Odyssey and all kind of ancient stuff of course...
List never ends...
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"different ERA" lol
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The Thread, another by Victoria Hislop. Follows a young girl made a refugee after WW1 by the ethnic cleansing of Greeks from Turkey (and vice versa). Thessaloniki's difficulties during WW2 with Nazi occupation, deportation of the Jewish residents, and other historical events. The civil war after WW2. Told from the Greek point of view, but with a pretty successful attempt at being evenhanded, in my opinion.
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Others have covered the fiction front well, here are some page-turner NF titles (plus 1 novel that's really memoir w. changed names):
"Sailing the Wine-dark Sea: Why the Greeks Matter" – Thomas Cahill, 2003 – Paperback. Spendid! Lively read, yet good history! My top choice for overview of Ancient Greece.
"Portrait of Greece" -- Nicholas Gage. Widely available in libraries. Re Modern Greece :culture, traditions. temperament. Pub. 1979; 1995 reissue, main change is more pix.A VERY thoughtful chapter on the role of religion (ancient & christian) in Greece's history & lives of ordinary people. Amazon has it in used paperback
"Eurydice Street"– Sofka Sinovieff My Modern-Greece Favorite! – a Memoir on life in modern middle-class Greece. Author, from London (White Russian father/Greek mother). met a Greek diplomat abroad; they moved from Europe to Athens suburb when their girls were 8 & 10. Absorbing, amusing, touching story of their daughters 'becoming Greek," which in the process shares countless Greek customs, habits, outlooks, both from the near-past, ancient past and today. Paperback, via Amazon or Barnes & Noble.
and also modern...
"The Priest Fainted" -- Catherine T. Davidson ( Title is name of an eggplant dish!). Novel (really a memoir) -- NY Times Notable book --(review quote) "a Greek-American woman's modern-day odyssey through Greece, The Priest Fainted combines irreverent retellings of Greek myth, sexual revelry, and mouthwatering descriptions of traditional food with a quest to discover the links between the past and the present." Available in Paperback.
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Captain Corelli's Mandolin by Louis de Bernieres.
Lawrence Durrell's Prospero's Cell and Reflections on a Marine Venus.
Gerald Durrell's My Family and Other Animals
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Thank you all for great suggestions. Eleni is already on my Kindle, as is his daughter's (Eleni Gage) book called North of Ithaca. This is the story of the daughter Eleni's return to her father's village. I also found on my bookshelf a book called The Olive Grove - travels to Greece by Katherine Kazilos...so I have somewhere to start. I will check out the other suggestions as I go...Many thanks again.
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Sara Alexi's The Greek Village series is a light read.
I still can't read the chapter in Jon Mole's It's All Greek to Me about the dog and the whitewash without cracking up!
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The Two Faces Of January by Patricia Highsmith is an excellent little thriller. Legantly contructed and yet as tough and taut as her very best novels. It's set in Athens, Crete and also Paris.
Highly recommended - and easily digestible whilst en vacances.
Dr D.
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Well, more fun than reading, get the movie Never on Sunday and get that earworm of a theme song in your head!!
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Not"novels", more travel memoir, but Patrick Leigh Fermor's well-known books ought to be considered:
Mani: Travels in the Southern Peloponnesse (1958)
Roumeli: Travels in Northern Greece (1966)
There is a short section on the autonomous, monastery-filled, Mt Athos peninsula in
"The Broken Road: From the Iron Gates to Mount Athos".
"Broken Road" is set in the 1930s; I haven't read it.
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Thanks Gretchen. I had no idea Never on Sunday was from a movie set in Greece. It was my father's favourite song back in the 60s and brought back many memories just listening to it now on youtube. And you were right. I already can't get the song out of my head!
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In addition to My Brother Michael (Delphi), Mary Stewart also wrote two additional novels (mysteries) set in Greece: The Moon Spinners (Corfu) and This Rough Magic (Crete). Helen MacInnes (also a mystery writer) has two books: Decision at Delphi and The Double Image (Mykonos).
Even though these books were written years ago, my granddaughter who is 18 loved reading them.
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I have just finished reading Eleni and must say another thank you to all who recommended it. I found it absolutely fascinating and couldn't put it down. Now I have to decide what comes next, after so many great suggestions...
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To the fine "My Brother Michael" add another great by the same author, "This Rough Magic." Near the end is an unforgettable line.
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I always consult Book Lust to Go by Nancy Pearl for every trip. She is a librarian who wrote this book which recommends reading for 120 destinations. She lists fiction and nonfiction and gives a small description of the title. Great fun for travel reading!
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"Athens - The Truth: Searching for Manos, Just Before the Bubble Burst" by David Cade.
Not a novel but it often has the movement of one. I found it gripping. The author searches Athens for the music of Theodorakis and Hadjidakis but discovers a great deal more. There are fascinating insights in every chapter. Very topical, sometimes controversial, very up-to-date, and probably closest to Patrica Storace and Leigh Fermor. And don't judge it by its very classical cover! The contents are often otherwise! The best book I've read on Athens to date.
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Ela - A Greek affair: Author: Michael Saunders and his wife Pauline at their home in Lower Afrata, Crete, 2000. They finally realised their dream and took up permanent residence early in 2002. This is a good read esp. if you are in Crete. It is an easy day trip from Hania, Crete.
Also, Dancing Girl by Thordis Simonsen; I agree with above: Eurydice Street, a place in Athens by Sofka Zinovieff & Dinner with Persephone. I think I recall the Tom Stone novel & one by James Chatto. Unfortunetely before e-books, I would buy them & leave them in hotel rooms rather than carry them home.
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Came across this one ......... Greece : a traveler's literary companion / edited by Artemis Leontis.
Short stories from Greek writers. How good is it to travel with short stories so that the inevitable changes don't lead to losing the plot so easily?
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The Iliad is not a bad yarn. Ditto the Odyssey. Maybe a bit dated ...
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Again contemporary but with more twists and turns than a Greek island, try An island fit for horses, by Michael P Ashton. Gives you a great flavor of Ithaca.
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This is an old thread, but it came up in a search so I guess it's still relevant, though many of the books aren't available in Ebooks.
I just discovered Jeffrey Sigers 6 detective mysteries starting with Murder in Mykonos ($.99 in Kindle store). He does a brilliant job of setting, and each of the mysteries is tied to some interesting item of Greek culture or history. His portrayal of Greek culture, attitudes, and contemporary Greece., including refugees, is vivid. Some of the situations seem a bit thin, but, it is a fiction. All books were very enjoyable.
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'Staged' Questions Raise Hackles at Two SessionsAt China's Two Sessions on Tuesday a panel of top financial regulators including People's Bank of China Governor Zhou Xiaochuan took questions from the press. After officials fielded nine questions from Chinese journalists—eight from state media and one from private but Party-favored Phoenix Satellite TV—a lucky foreign reporter was called upon. AFP reports: Officials at China's rubber-stamp parliament are calling on seemingly planted foreign
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Sandpiper at Oregon Inlet. Sandpipers are found on every shore except for Antarctica. You often see them running up and down the beach with the waves searching for food on the Outer Banks.
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The Bed & Breakfast Katti House is excellently situated in the centre of Florence, only a short walk from the main places of historic and cultural interest, such as the Santa Maria Novella church, the Duomo cathedral and the splendid San Lorenzo basilica. This one is renowned for its New Sacristy that Michelangelo designed with the purpose to host the graves of Lorenzo and Giuliano de' Medici, creating one of the masterpieces of architecture and sculpture of the Italian Renaissance: the Medici chapels. The area is full of bars, restaurants and shops. The ancient San Lorenzo market is also easily reachable walking. A stay at the property, a typical Florence building dating back to the 15th century, without lift, will allow you to breath the atmosphere of this beautiful city, landmark in art in Europe and all over the world. The owner is available to book museums or restaurants, thus ensuring guests a pleasant and relaxing stay.
Via Faenza 21CP:50123,Florencia,Italia
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