text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 31, 2006
|Filing date
|Mar 15, 2002
|Priority date
|Mar 15, 2002
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Brian D. Goodman, John W. Rooney, Ramesh Subramanian, William C. Sweeney
|Original Assignee
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (76), Classifications (9), Legal Events (5)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is related to the inventors' application "SECURED AND ACCESS CONTROLLED PEER-TO-PEER RESOURCE SHARING METHOD AND APPARATUS," Ser. No. 10/098,976, now pending, which was filed on the same day as the present application and commonly assigned herewith to International Business Machines Corporation.
All of the material in this patent application is subject to copyright protection under the copyright laws of the United States and of other countries. As of the first effective filing date of the present application, this material is protected as unpublished material. However, permission to copy this material is hereby granted to the extent that the copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent documentation or patent disclosure, as it appears in the United States Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever.
This invention is related to the field of peer-to-peer networks.
Until recently, corporate data and content within global or other large organizations were distributed by replicating and distributing such data and content using centralized content repositories. That is, the data was globally distributed, but made available within a location of geographical area by using a central server that was responsible for serving the content to clients located within the specified area.
The advent of peer-to-peer (P2P) computing has changed this approach. The accent has shifted from storing content in, and serving from, centralized servers to storing and serving at least some of the content from the client-side. In this P2P model, the content provider manages the content in a local client, and shares the content with anyone who accesses the content. In this model, content creation, storage and security dwells on the client side.
There are several advantages to this P2P approach. By shifting the responsibility for content to the client side, server-side management of diverse resources can be vastly reduced. Server managers need not be responsible for the integrity of the content. Problems arising from centralized distribution of content could be averted.
There are at least three architectural approaches to peer-to-peer resource sharing systems. P2P with centralized control, pure P2P with no centralized control and a hybrid approach that incorporates some of the aspects of the other two.
One example of P2P with a centralized controller is a system referred to as Napster. The Napster system uses a central server to maintain a list of connected clients. Every client connects to the central server, which scans the clients' disks for shared resources and maintains directories and indexes of the shared resources. A client searching for a resource performs the search on the maintained directories and indexes of the central server. Once a client knows where to find the resources that is it seeking (i.e. which client has the files it is searching for), it makes a direct connection to the appropriate client and transfers the resources.
Napster is not web-based, and does not run in a browser. It is a stand-alone application that runs on each individual client, and uses TCP/IP for its data-communication and data transfers. Since Napster depends on a central server that acts as a collector and regulator of information, the clients are not guaranteed anonymity. The Napster system is also vulnerable if the central server fails.
A good example of pure P2P with no centralized control is a system referred to as Gnutella. Gnutella is a generic term used to identify those P2P systems that use the Gnutella protocol. There is no single interpretation of what the protocol is, actually. However, there are certain common elements that manifest in Gnutella-based systems. Chief among those is that Gnutella does away with the central server. In this system, each client continuously keeps track of other clients by pinging known clients in the system. Distributed searches are propagated from one client to its immediate neighbors in ever-increasing circles until answers are found, or the search times out. Search responses are propagated back to the searcher in the same manner.
Like Napster, Gnutella-based systems are also not web-based, and run as applications in client environments. Gnutella is a truly anonymous resource sharing system. No server is used to facilitate searches, clients must establish ad-hock peer information. The searcher does not know the identity of the responder, and vice-versa. Thus there are no authentication or authorization checks, trust is implicitly assumed.
A serious problem in Gnutella-based systems is their reputation for being unreliable. Lacking a central server that keeps track of which client is connected, and which is not, there is no way for a client to know if all its neighbors are alive and connected. This leads to less than reliable performance.
The third approach to P2P systems is referred to as Web Mk. This is more of an approach than an actual product, and is described in a Gartner Report on the emergence of P2P computing entitled The Emergence of Distributed Content Management and Peer-to-Peer Content Networks, January 2001. Said report is hereby incorporated by reference. This is a web-based approach that uses web servers and web browsers. The web browsers would be configurable by users and would integrate resource-sharing features. The servers will maintain multiple indexes and allow access to different forms of data. This type of system would use software agents or Bots to provide services such as extraction and consolidation of multiple resources, chat facilities, and notifications of changes. Search requests could be stored in the server and set to run in real-time or as a batch process, and alert the appropriate clients of the results.
What is needed is a system that adapts the advantages of the P2P network while resolving disadvantages of current P2P systems. What is needed is a P2P network that takes advantage of the reduced central server requirements of a pure P2P network without sacrificing the efficiencies of the central server. What is further needed is a P2P network that provides secure access and control to client resources without the requirement of a central server.
One preferred embodiment of the present invention provides a method in a client in a peer-to-peer network having a server and a multiplicity of clients having searchable resources, each of the multiplicity of clients having a unique client address the method comprising the steps of receiving a seed list of client addresses from the server; and forwarding a resource search request to client addresses of the seed list.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a method in a server for a peer-to-peer network having a multiplicity of clients, each of the multiplicity of clients having a unique client address and able to connect to or disconnect from the peer-to-peer network at any time. The method comprises the steps of determining which of the multiplicity of clients are connected to the peer-to-peer network, generating a list of connected client addresses in response to said step of determining, generating a plurality of unique seed lists from the list of connected client addresses, and sending a corresponding one of the plurality of the unique seed lists to each of the multiplicity of clients, wherein each of the multiplicity of clients uses its corresponding seed list to communicate resource searches to other of the multiplicity of clients of the peer-to-peer network.
Another embodiment of the present invention provides a client in a peer-to-peer network having a server and a multiplicity of clients having searchable resources, each of the multiplicity of clients having a unique client address. The client comprises a seed list receiver for receiving and storing a seed list of client addresses from the server, and a peer-to-peer network search dispatcher for forwarding a resource search request to client addresses of the seed list.
It is important to note, that these embodiments are only examples of the many advantageous uses of the innovative teachings herein. In general, statements made in the specification of the present application do not necessarily limit any of the equivalent and various claimed inventions. Moreover, some statements may apply to some inventive features but not to others. In general, unless otherwise indicated, singular elements may be in the plural and visa versa with no loss of generality.
The preferred embodiment is directed towards peer-to-peer (P2P) resource sharing within a corporate intranet environment. The preferred embodiment is a hybrid system for P2P resource sharing. It consists of both a server and a client component. It supports the features of the three aforementioned P2P architectures, as well as some additional characteristics.
The client is an application running in the client computer, and acts as a modified pure P2P client. The system includes reliable IP repository, security integration through enterprise systems, an enhanced client side database for better search results and some basic network activity reduction. Together these qualities provide P2P services for the corporate environment.
Characteristics of the Preferred Embodiment Include:
Reliable IP Repository—Each client first "announces itself" to the server, and requests a list of IP addresses of connected clients. The server sends a seed list of the connected clients. (The term seed list is used because each client needs to know only a limited number of other connected clients). The server maintains a current list of connected clients by maintaining a list of clients, and pinging each client periodically.
Authentication and authorization—Metadata associated with each resource includes file descriptions as well as security and access control information. The security checks can be local account based or enterprise level security based.
Enhanced client database—Each client maintains a database of resources that it shares. The database will preferably not only contain names and characteristics of the files, but also user-defined metadata describing the files.
Reduced Network Activity—Unlike a pure P2P network, clients need not ping the other clients continuously. Instead, a client maintains awareness of other connected clients by downloading the list of IP addresses from the server periodically. Each client sends a handshake to each of the clients in the list received. If an acknowledgement is received from another client, that client is added to the original client's list.
Pure P2P Protocol Based—Like most of the packet communications, search and search response is accomplished among clients using a protocol similar to a pure P2P protocol.
This approach enables use of the central server concept within a P2P environment that results in a highly enhanced P2P resource sharing system. This system thus builds upon existing P2P approaches and provides additional functionality.
If authentication is required, the client sends an authentication request signal to process 104. Network interface 302 receives the authentication request and communicates it to authentication credential check 304. The credentials are indicative of a client initiating a SEARCH request and included in the SEARCH request signal. When a client receives the SEARCH request and desires authentication of the requesting client, the credentials are communicated to process 104. The credentials preferably include a client ID of the client initiating the search and a corresponding password. Process 104 has a table of predetermined client identifications and passwords. If the client ID 306 and password 308 match those included in the authentication request signal, then the requesting client is verified and the process 104 sends an authentication signal back to the requesting client. Those familiar with the art appreciate that numerous other authentication processes are known and may be substituted for the authentication process described above.
If authorization is required, the client sends an authorization request signal to process 104. Network interface 302 receives the authorization request and communicates it to authorization process 310. The credentials are indicative of the client initiating the SEARCH request and included in the SEARCH request signal. When a client receives the SEARCH request and desires to determine which resources the requesting client is authorized to access, the credentials are communicated to process 104. The credentials preferably include a client ID of the client initiating the SEARCH. Process 104 has a table of predetermined client identifications 312 and access controls 314. In response to the authorization request, process 104 sends an authorization signal having the corresponding access control signals back to the requesting client. Access control signals 314 are indicative of the type of resources or client classes a client is permitted to search on its peers. Examples of various access controls or client classes include engineering resources, marketing resources and managerial resources. Each access control may have a number of subcategories, for example engineering may include network, integrated circuit and operating system subcategories. Each client may have authorization to access unique to each subcategory. For example, a client in an engineering department may not be authorized to search for managerial resources related to personnel issues or engineering integrated circuit resources while authorized to search engineering network and operating system resources.
In the preferred embodiment, both authentication and authorization processes are performed by a single request signal from the client, and may be performed for both SEARCH and GET requests. In alternative embodiments, only authorization or only authentication may be used. Furthermore, the authentications and/or authorizations may be held in the cache of a client in order to eliminate duplicate authentication and/or authorization communications of subsequent SEARCH and GET requests, thereby reducing network traffic.
If a SEARCH request is not authenticated, it need not be propagated to a subsequent peer in the P2P system, thereby reducing network traffic. Furthermore, the failure of the authentication need not be communicated to the requesting client, thereby deterring intranet hacking because the search requester will not know why the search yielded no results—either the resource was not found or the searcher not authenticated. If the SEARCH request is authenticated, then memory 320 of the client is searched for resource 422 matching the SEARCH request. Resources are preferably searched by searching metadata 424 which includes access controls and resource attributes. Search process 404 determines which resources may be searched by comparing the authorized access controls with the access controls associated with each resource. If there is a match, then the resource may be searched. Searching is preferably performed by searching attributes of the resource, the attributes including file type, file size, date or author. The attributes may also include comments or abstracts, for example manually generated by the author, providing additional information about the resource, thereby facilitating keyword searches. Alternatively, a more exhaustive search of the resource itself may be conducted. If a match is found, then a positive signal is propagated back to the client initiating the search.
A GET request is typically initiated by a client having initiated a SEARCH request and further having received a positive search result from the client receiving the GET request. The GET request may be both authorized and/or authenticated prior to execution by get process 406. Thereafter, the particular resource identified by the GET request is communicated to the requesting client.
Note that dispatcher 402 directly routs PING commands, however SEARCH and GET requests are in effect hidden behind a custom firewall 408. All requests, PING, SEARCH and GET appear to any other client as available. However, no response from the client may also mean there were security measures protecting GET or SEARCH. For example, a failed search does not send back a "no items found" signal. So if a client does not receive a response from a search, it does not know if the items were protected or if the items simply do not exist.
The client of
As a further part of the P2P search propagation process, a SEARCH request processed by search process 405 is also communicated to other addresses included in the seed list 434. This provides a peer-to-peer network search dispatcher for forwarding a resource search to client address of the seed list. However, the SEARCH request may not be propagated if there is a timeout or if there is a failure of the authentication process.
Thereafter, the client sends a connect signal including the address of the client to the server at step 502. The server receives the connect signal at step 504 and adds the client address to the connected client address list, step 506. Step 508 generates a seed list for the client using any method including the aforementioned seed list generation methods. The seed list is sent from the server at step 510 and received by the client at step 512. Step 512 further sends a PING signal to the clients on the seed list to verify their connection to the P2P network. Non-acknowledging clients will be removed from the seed list at step 522. If the client has been disconnected at step 514, the process returns to step 500 awaiting reconnection. Disconnection can result at any time and be the result of a number of different events such as the client being powered OFF or the operator terminating the client's P2P program. It is not necessary for the client to actively signal the server that it is disconnected from the network. If still connected the client acknowledges any PING signal received as step 516. PING signals may be received from the server or other clients and are typically acknowledged with a PONG signal. Step 520 communicates with other clients performing PING, SEARCH and GET requests. If a client on the seed list does not respond to a PING, SEARCH or GET request, or may not otherwise be coupled or bound to, the client is determined to have been disconnected from the network and is removed from the seed list at step 522. Step 524 determines if the seed list should be refreshed, and if so sends the server a request to refresh the seed list at step 526. The seed list may be refreshed for any of several reasons including removal of one or more clients at step 522. Alternatively the seed list can be refreshed in response to a specific input from the operator, initiation of a new search, or after a certain period of time or inactivity. In other embodiments the server may initiate a refresh in order to reconfigure network behaviors. Seed list refresh may be a total or partial refresh. For example, if a seed list initially contained ten clients and it was determined that four of the clients had disconnected then the seed list refresh could request four new client addresses. Alternatively, if a first initiated search was based in engineering resources and a second initiated search was based in sales resources, an entire seed list could be replaced accordingly to optimize searching for a different type of resource. At the server, step 528 maintains the connected client address list. This is done by periodically sending a PING signal from the server to the clients on the connected list. If an expected acknowledgement signal, such as a PONG signal, is not received, then the client is removed from the connected client list. Then step 530 determines if the server has received a seed list refresh request and if not returns to step 504. Otherwise the server generates a seed list refresh from the connected client IP address list at step 532 and sends the seed list to the requesting client at step 534. The client receives the refreshed seed list at step 536 and sends a PING signal to new clients. Any non-acknowledging new clients are removed from the seed list at step 522. By the process of
Thus, what is provided is a system that adapts the advantages of the P2P network while resolving disadvantages of current P2P systems. The P2P network takes advantage of the reduced central server requirements of a pure P2P network without sacrificing the efficiencies of the central server. Furthermore, the P2P network provides secure access and control to client resources without the requirement of a central server. The server function and security functions can operate independently. For example, the P2P network of
The present invention, as would be known to one familiar with the art, could be produced in hardware or software, or in a combination of hardware and software. The system, or method, according to the inventive principles as disclosed in connection with the preferred embodiment, may be produced in a single computer system having separate elements for performing the individual functions or steps described or claimed or one or more elements combining the performance of any of the functions or steps disclosed or claimed, or may be arranged in a distributed computer system, interconnected by any suitable means as would be known by one familiar with the art.
According to the inventive principles as disclosed in connection with the preferred embodiment, the invention and the inventive principles are not limited to any particular kind of computer system but may be used with any general purpose computer, as would be known to one familiar with the art, arranged to perform the functions described and the method steps described. The operations of such a computer, as described above, may be according to a computer program contained on a medium for use in the operation or control of the computer, as would be known to one familiar with the art. The computer medium that may be used to hold or contain the computer program product, may be a fixture of the computer such as an embedded memory or may be on a transportable medium such as a disk, as would be known to one familiar with the art.
The invention is not limited to any particular computer program or logic or language, or instruction but may be practiced with any such suitable program, logic or language, or instructions as would be known to one familiar with the art. Without limiting the principles of the disclosed invention any such computing system can include, inter alia, at least a computer readable medium allowing a computer to read data, instructions, messages or message packets, and other computer readable information from the computer readable medium. The computer readable medium may include non-volatile memory, such as ROM, Flash memory, floppy disk, Disk drive memory, CD-ROM, and other permanent storage. Additionally, a computer readable medium may include, for example, volatile storage such as RAM, buffers, cache memory, and network circuits.
Furthermore, the computer readable medium may include computer readable information in a transitory state medium such as a network link and/or a network interface, including a wired network or a wireless network, that allow a computer to read such computer readable information.
Although a specific embodiment of the invention has been disclosed. It will be understood by those familiar with the art that changes can be made to this specific embodiment without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is not to be restricted, therefore, to the specific embodiment, and it is intended that the appended claims cover any and all such applications, modifications, and embodiments within the scope of the present invention.
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|Feb 1, 2010
|Jul 29, 2010
|Hongliang Tian
|P2p system and a resource query method for the same
|Apr 24, 2009
|Oct 28, 2010
|Aruba Networks, Inc.
|Peer-to-Peer Forwarding for Packet-Switched Traffic
|Apr 12, 2013
|Aug 29, 2013
|At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P.
|Asymmetric data mirroring
|Apr 25, 2012
|Oct 31, 2013
|Alan C. Berkema
|System for managing persistent connections
|Feb 11, 2008
|Aug 28, 2008
|Nec Laboratories America, Inc.
|Methods for operating a fixed prefix peer to peer network
|Dec 12, 2007
|Feb 5, 2009
|Zte Corporation
|A p2p system and a method for searching resource used with the p2p system
|U.S. Classification
|709/244, 709/238, 709/245, 707/999.01
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 15, 2002
Owner name: INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION, NEW Y
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:GOODMAN, BRIAN D.;ROONEY, JOHN W.;SUBRAMANIAN, RAMESH;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:012722/0721;SIGNING DATES FROM 20020308 TO 20020313
|Dec 28, 2009
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 13, 2014
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Oct 31, 2014
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Dec 23, 2014
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 20141031


text:
Job Post
Sigfox North America is looking for a driven, creative student pursuing Bachelor's or Master's degree in Marketing, Public Relations, Communications, or related field to join our team. Sigfox is a fast-growing IoT network, headquarted in France and with offices throughout the globe, including Boston. Our team's primary focus is B2B, and the intern's role will be to support our marketing, business development, and public relations strategies.
Roles and responsibilities:
-Provide support to North American communications team daily tasks
-Assist in content creation (blogs, infographics, industry collateral)
-Assist in social media execution
-Assist in market and industry research
-Identify key events and knowledge share of events
-Assist in streamlining processes and file sharing structure
-Contribute creative ideas to enhance overall marketing strategy
Desired skills
-You are self-motivated and work well in fast-paced environment
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- Previous Internship experience
- Current enrollment in BS or MS
- Proven writing and editing skills
- Adobe Creative Suite (preferred)
-Available 20 hours/week

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The Animal Welfare Program offers several courses for undergraduates listed below.
Students interested in conducting original research should consider taking APBI 398 and ABPI 499, and/or applying for an NSERC USRA after completing APBI 315. Information on undergraduate students who have been involved in our program may be found under "People: Undergraduate Researchers".
Students who excel in APBI 315 and are in their 4th year of undergraduate study are eligible to enroll in graduate courses ANSC 551 (Tutorials in Animal Welfare Research) or ANSC 550 (Topics in Animal Welfare) with the permission of the instructor.
As part of an undergraduate degree through the Faculty of Land and Food Systems, UBC students with a strong interest in animal welfare can take the Animal Welfare Certificate Program (General level) by distance education from Thompson River University (TRU). The Faculty of Land and Food Systems recognizes this course as equivalent to a 3-credit UBC course at the second-year level.
APBI 314: Animals and Society
An interdisciplinary introduction to the place of animals in human society. The course introduces students to (1) the place of animals in mythology and Western thought, (2) the role of animals in world food production, biomedical research, companionship and entertainment, and (3) attempts to safeguard animals through by practical innovations, the humane movement and the law. The course involves reading, discussion, critical thinking and written work.
Pre-requisite: Third year standing in any Faculty
APBI 315: Animal Welfare and The Ethics of Animal Use
An interdisciplinary course which introduces students to many of the ethical issues surrounding the use of animals in agriculture, science, and society. The course covers (1) scientific research that attempts to understand and improve animal welfare, (2) philosophical positions on animal use, and (3) relevant developments in society, economics and the law. The course involves reading, discussion, critical thinking, written assignments, and student-led presentations.
Third year standing in any faculty.
This course examines the natural history, biology, and welfare of Equus species with a focus on the domestic horse. Equids have played an important role in human society; therefore, the course will start with situating the Equid in history and in current society. In order to understand how we care for, manage, and interact with horses, a firm understanding of the natural history and biology of the horse will be examined. This will include understanding behaviour, anatomy, nutrition, and reproduction. The pathology, prevention, and treatment of common diseases and health conditions will be presented. Finally, this understanding will be applied to identifying and understanding the modern challenges of keeping horses in captivity and working with them as pleasure, food, or sport horses.
Third year standing in any faculty.
APBI 398: Research Methods in Applied Animal Biology
An introduction to research for students in Applied Animal Biology. This course is intended to provide students a first taste of the research experience, by working with a researcher at UBC whose research involves animals. Previous students have worked on a variety of projects varying from marine mammal ecology to dietary preferences of bed bugs. In addition to hands-on research experience, students learn how to critically evaluate the scientific literature, write a conference abstract, and give oral and poster-format scientific presentations.
Third-year standing in the Applied Animal Biology program.
APBI 414 Animals and Global Issues
In this final-year seminar course, students develop skills in integrating and presenting information from different fields to understand global animal issues such as the role of animal products in human health, environmental impact of livestock production, trade in exotic animals, reasons for emerging animal diseases, and others. Writing, discussion and oral presentations are required.
At least one of APBI 314 and 315.
APBI 415 Applied Animal Behaviour
This course is focused on the application of principles and research methods of animal behaviour to practical problems in the care of farm, companion, wild and research animals, and human-wildlife conflict.
APBI 496: Applied Animal Biology Practicum
Application of principles and concepts of Applied Animal Biology to experiential learning in the fields of wild, companion, lab, and farm animal welfare and management.
Third-year standing or higher. APBI 314 and/or APBI 315 are recommended.
Syllabus | 2016 Winter - Term 1 Approved Practicum Sites
APBI 499: Undergraduate Thesis in Animal Welfare
This course provides the opportunity for students to take an active role in a research project on animal welfare, including involvement in experimental design, data collection and data analysis. Ideally students identify a research topic and begin data collection during the summer, and work on the data analysis and writing their thesis during the Fall and Spring semesters. The final thesis will be in the format of a scientific article, and, when appropriate, students may submit their work for publication.
Permission of the relevant faculty member plus, except in special circumstances, completion of APBI 315 with an A or A+ standing.
Animal Welfare Certificate Program (General level) - Thompson Rivers University
This is a distance education course offered by The Thompson River University. The course was developed by TRU in cooperation with the BC Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, originally to provide background education for BC SPCA staff. It covers practical aspects of animal health and animal care with emphasis on companion animals, as well as legal, organizational and safety issues arising in the humane movement. It provides excellent preparation for students interested in working in the BC SPCA or similar agencies.
The Faculty of Land and Food Science recognizes this course as equivalent to a 3-credit UBC course at the second-year level.
2nd year standing. Prior to registering in this course, students must apply in writing to the Director, Student Services, Faculty of Land and Food Services, for permission to have the course credited (second year level, 3 restricted elective credits) to their degree. They will then need to register with TRU and pay the course fee of roughly $700 to TRU.


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Scholarly activity, curriculum development and student involvement. Mick Healey, Alan Jenkins and John Lea. 24 June 2014. Scholarly activity, curriculum development and student involvement. Aim - To review the contribution of CBHE in the development of research-based learning
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Aim - To review the contribution of CBHE in the development of research-based learning
Collected - Over 50 mini-case studies from UK, Australia, Canada, Ireland, Netherlands, New Zealand and United States
"All undergraduate students in all higher education institutions should experience learning through, and about, research and inquiry. …
We argue, as does much recent US experience, that such curricular experience should and can be mainstreamed for all or many students through a research-active curriculum. We argue that this can be achieved through structured interventions at course team, departmental, institutional and national levels."
(Healey and Jenkins, 2009, 3).
New models of curriculum … should all … incorporate research-based study for undergraduates(Ramsden 2008, 10-11).
A positive research and teaching link primarily depends on the nature of the students' learning experiences, resulting from appropriate teaching and learning processes, rather than on particular inputs or outcomes (Elton 2001, 43).
For the students who are the professionals of the future, developing the ability to investigate problems, make judgments on the basis of sound evidence, take decisions on a rational basis, and understand what they are doing and why is vital. Research and inquiry is not just for those who choose to pursue an academic career. It is central to professional life in the twenty-first century. (Brew 2007, p. 7)
Which of the following do you think refer to practices in:
a) CBHE/HE in FE; and b) universities?
Biotechnology students work as part of a research team
Psychology students research students' quality of life
Engaging students in applied research through a community sports development consultancy project
Student-led research journal in business
Using undergraduates to evaluate student experiences of teaching and learning
How research will change engineering artefacts
Engaging students with the latest research and publications
Biotechnology students work as part of a research team – Massachusetts Bay Community College
Psychology students research students' quality of life – York St John University
Engaging students in applied research through a community sports development consultancy project - University of Central Lancashire
Student-led research journal in business – Newcastle College
Using undergraduates to evaluate student experiences of teaching and learning – Warwick University
How research will change engineering artefacts – Imperial College London
Engaging students with the latest research and publications - Adam Smith College and Dundee College
p19 involvement
Undertaking research and inquiry
Engaging in research discussions
Learning about current research in the discipline
Developing research and inquiry skills and techniques
Curriculum design and the research-teaching nexus
(based on Healey, 2005, 70)
Students as partners in learning and teaching in higher education
Source: Healey, Flint and Harrington (2014)
In the UK there is a lively debate in academic literature about STAFF scholarly activity in HE in FE
There is also a lively debate about the possible hybrid nature of the pedagogical context, i.e. it borrows from its proximity to wider FE and HE contexts
There is also a lively debate about the influence of the wider mission of FECs to be engines of economic growth, and of the effect of their corporate/managerial ethos on HE provision
Are there positive lessons to be learnt from this context?
In the UK there are currently almost 300 FECs running HE courses; representing 10% of total HE provision; with over 100,000 FTE student numbers; some colleges have over 3,000 FTE students
In the USA it is estimated that nearly half the country's undergraduates (around 12 million students) are studying in community colleges, and around 25% of those will subsequently transfer to four-year schools
In Australia there are around 175 HE providers, but only 40 are designated universities. The rest of HE is provided in colleges with a growing provision in publicly funded institutes of vocational education (TAFEs)
Should we rally against these developments, or embrace them?
What is implied by arguing that we need to enhance the scholarship of staff in CBHE contexts?
Are colleges helping us all to widen notions of scholarship in HE?
Could student scholarly activity be considered a key impact measure?
I want you to position yourself on a line according to the extent to which you agree or disagree with the following statements
Talk to the person next to you about why you have positioned yourself where you have and as a consequence you may need to 'move'
"To enhance the quality of learning in CBHE it is more important to focus on engaging students in research and inquiry than raising the research expertise of staff."
Strongly ----------------------------- Strongly
agree disagree
In pairs, each skim read at least ONE different year one case study (3.1 – 3.8 pp 22-27).
Discuss whether and how any of the ideas may be amended for application in your contexts.
5 minutes
Strategies for course teams to introduce year one students into research and Strategies to introduce year 1 students into research and knowledge complexity
Strategy one – develop students' understanding of the role of research and inquiry in their discipline
Strategy two – develop students' abilities to carry out research
Strategy three – progressively develop students' understanding
Strategy four – manage students' experience of research
Developing and enhancing undergraduate final-year projects and dissertations
In a different pair, each skim read at least ONE different case study (5.1 – 5.12 pp 41-49).
Discuss whether and how any of the ideas may be amended for application in your contexts.
5 minutes
"The relationship between teacher and learner is …completely different in higher education from what it is in schools. At the higher level, the teacher is not there for the sake of the student, both have their justification in the service of scholarship" (von Humboldt 1810)
"It [a university] is a place of teaching universal knowledge. This implies that its object is, on the one hand, intellectual, not moral, and, on the other, that it is the diffusion and extension of knowledge rather than the advancement. If its object were scientific and philosophical discovery, I do not see why a University should have students…" (Newman 1854)
"What we urgently need today is a more inclusive view of what it means to be a scholar – a recognition that knowledge is acquired through research, through synthesis, through practice, and through teaching. We acknowledge that these four categories – the scholarship of discovery, of integration, of application, and of teaching – divide intellectual functions that are tied inseparably to each other" (Boyer 1990)


text:
Sheds & Storage Buying Guide
Sheds & Storage 101
Types of Sheds & Storage
Storage Sheds & Buildings
Garden Sheds
Garbage Sheds
Deck Boxes
Storage Benches, Couches & Chairs
Outdoor Shelving and Accessories
Buying Tips:
• Choose lockable storage options and high shelving to keep hazardous items like fertilizers, propane bottles and charcoal out of children's reach
• Plan your storage solutions so you can easily rotate seasonal items (bikes in summer and skis in winter)
Metal +
Aluminum and galvanized steel sheds with high-quality locking systems provide extra security for expensive equipment like bicycles and riding mowers. Solid metal construction is also a deterrent to most animals. Most metal barn shelters are coated with baked enamel for years of durability and maintenance-free service.
Vinyl +
Vinyl sheds are known for their strength and durability. They are virtually maintenance-free and can stand up to whatever is thrown their way, whether it's extreme elements or wayward curveballs. Vinyl panels are made to exact standards for easy assembly and solid construction. Double-wall vinyl panels resist dents from tough play and rough weather, and a protective UV coating prevents fading. Steel-reinforced doors will provide added security, while protective UV coating helps prevent fading. Due to their lightweight construction, vinyl sheds are easy to assemble (and disassemble if you need to move your shed around your yard).
Wood +
Graced with natural good looks, wood sheds blend beautifully into backyard settings and can be shingled and painted to match your home. When the nest empties and your storage needs diminish, you can easily transform your wood shed into anything from a playhouse for the grandkids to a relaxing sauna. If you keep your wood shed painted and maintained, it will give you years of practical, trouble-free use.
Hybrid Materials +
Hybrid sheds typically incorporate materials like wood and resin to offer the advantages of both: high durability and long-lasting visual appeal. Typical hybrids offer the beauty and good looks of natural wood construction on the walls. Resin is used for the floor and roof to resist warping, better endure the elements, and provide worry-free assembly and maintenance.
Ramps +
Ramps are an important accessory for storing heavy wheeled gear, such as riding mowers and motorcycles, in sheds with elevated floors. With a ramp in place, it's easier to roll into the shed, and the floor edge in the entrance is protected from wear.
Windows and skylights +
Windows and skylights increase visibility and reduce electrical costs by allowing natural sunlight into your shed. Windows and skylights also serve as attractive design elements that improve the appearance of your shed. Custom shutters and window boxes are additional options to enhance your storage shed.
Lofts +
A loft is a practical way to use every available inch of vertical storage space in your shed. It also provides a convenient place to store seasonal items. Bikes and lawnmowers, for example, can be stored on the bottom in summer, then moved overhead in winter to make room for skis and sleds.
Shelves +
It's best to use shelves designed to work with your specific storage structure. With shelves installed in your shed, you can more easily organize tools and materials to keep everything in its place.
Size +
Space is always at a premium, so go for the biggest shed your space and budget will allow. Assess your current and future storage needs before you buy, and measure out your site, allowing for extra dimensions like roof overhang. Make sure the shed's roof ridge is high enough for you to stand comfortably and the door is wide enough for bulky items like wheelbarrows.
Style +
Apex sheds have double-sloped roofs, which tend to be stronger than pent sheds. Pent sheds have a single sloped roof and can be positioned against a wall or fence to save space. Adding a window to either model will maximize natural light, allowing your shed to double as a greenhouse. Extendable sheds are also available, which allows you to expand your storage needs over time with optional kits.
Shop Accessories & Related Products:
Maintenance Tips:
• Regularly oil locks, door and window hinges
• Sweep leaves and debris off the roof
• Prevent condensation buildup on metal sheds by using a vapour barrier under the foundation, keeping air vents open and using polystyrene on interior roof panels
• Scrub vinyl sheds with warm, soapy water and rinse with clean water
Assembly and Installation Tips:
• Build your shed on a dry, level foundation with good drainage, away from overhanging trees, damp ground and debris
• Make sure the foundation is at least 100 mm larger than the shed base and bevel the edges downward for drainage
• Assess if you need a power supply and hire a qualified electrician
• Check with your local planning office for restrictions on shed size and proximity to house and boundaries
Featured Products
Recommended Reading
Related Products


text:
VideoHive Happy Birthday Cake Lite 6193011
After Effects Project \ Broadcast Packages \ Holiday
Birthday \ Template \ Compositions \ Included \ Customize \ Effects \ Composition
After Effects Project - Happy Birthday Cake Lite 6193011 by aebuster @ VideoHive
After Effects Project \ Broadcast Packages \ Holiday
Happy Birthday Cake is exactly what it sounds like, a cool birthday template with lots of content to modify.
This template has everything you need to make your birthday party or home video look professional.
there are 6 compositions that you can edit see the details below also dont forget to check out the PRO version to get the full template with all 10 compositions and more effects.
- Full HD 1920×1080
- 6 Total Composition to Customize
- HTML Tutorial Included Take a look and see how it works
- 1 Loop Animation
- No Plugins Required
- Easy Customization
- 1 Lower Third
NOTE: Music and footage used in this preview are not included.
Requires Plugins: No; After Effects Version: CS4, CS5, CS5.5, CS6; Resolution: 1920x1080; File Size: 480mb.
Pyro Keys; DNA Strand ; Aebuster TV Package Lite; Music Notes Dream; Microphone Singer Lite; T Shirt Customizer; Fairy Dust Aura Trails.
Keywords: balloons, birthday, cake, candles, celebration, child, confetti, happy birthday, kids, party.


text:
Have a Barthian Christmas
Dear heavenly Father, because we are here with one another in order to rejoice over the fact that your dear Son for us became a human and our brother, we earnestly beg of you to tell us your self what great grace, well being, and help you have prepared for all of us in him.
Open our ears and our understanding, in order that we may grasp that in him there is forgiveness for all our sins, the seed and strength of a new life, comfort and admonition in life and in death, and hope for the whole world! Create in us the good spirit of freedom humbly and bravely to come to your Son, who comes to us!
Do this today in all ...the world, that there may be many who break through all of the vain externalities of these festive days and celebrate a good Christmas with us. Amen
Karl Barth, Fifty Prayers
Ordained Anglican. Thinking out loud about church.
No comments:
Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)
Canons of the CofE The 39 Articles BCP !doctype>?xml>
Sites ref. Revising Reform
- Between
- Techy and theo
- Euangelion Kata Markon
- Irreligiousity
- We mixed our drinks
- not just a sandwich
- Dr Jim's Thinking Shop
- Positive Infinity
- Seeker
- Hikano
- Euangelizomai.blogspot.com
- Her name is Lucy
- Lesley's blog
- Anita in Oxford
- biblioblogs
- Youthblog
- Messy Church's blog
- Beaker Folk
- Thinking Anglicans
- Churchmouse
- CaptainChris's blog
- Gospel rights and wrongs
- More questions
- Aristotle's Feminist Subject
- Seven whole days
- Men and Women in the Church
- Dr Huw
- Notes from Off-center
- anglobaptist
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- hypotyposeis
- Airtonjo
- Euangelion
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- Rod's Political Jesus
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- Jack of all trades
- Brad Cook
- Clobberblog
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- The Golden Rule
- Tim Ricchuiti's blog
- Biblioblog Euangelion
- Forbidden Gospels
- Revgalblogpals blog
- Karen's curacy cafe
- Dan and Anna
- Chipping away at Churchianity
- Lingamish award
- Peter Carrell's diocese blog
- General Synod
- Alastair Cutting's blog
- Women in Ministries
- Gentle Wisdom award
- Lingamish meme
- David Ould.net
- Available Light
- New Epistles
Slideshare revisingreform Slideshare snazzy


text:
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The viewers of Colors TV popular show Madhubala – Ek Ishq Ek Junoon will get to see the story track take an interesting turn. As viewers have seen that RK (Vivian Dsena) had to go to jail after Madhu (Drashti Dhami) had filed a complaint against him. This has lead towards tension growing in between the duo and its RK's turn to take revenge from Madhu.
In the upcoming tracks of the show, viewers will get to see
Mukund's mother (Usha Nadkarni) coming to Madhu's place to offer his son's
marriage proposal for Madhu. The twist behind this track is that RK has offered
money to Mukund's mother to play this drama of marriage proposal. Will Madhu
accept the proposal? Is RK going to succeed in his plans? The viewers of Madhubala
have to watch the story to get the answers to these questions.
Reporter: Ranjini Nair
Author: Anwesha Kamal


text:
Bitcentral Tech Support Engineer
What is your favorite part about working at Bitcentral?
Working with cool people!
What is your favorite current technology?
I love Google maps.
What was the best vacation you ever had?
Visiting my Gramma in Hawaii!
Name a movie that you can watch over and over again:
My favorite is Little Buddha.
If given a choice, which animal would you want to be?
I would be a Sea Turtle.


text:
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text: Contralaterally Controlled Functional Electrical Stimulation for Recovery of Elbow Extension and Hand Opening After Stroke: A Pilot Case Series StudyKnutson, Jayme S. PhD; Harley, Mary Y. OT/L; Hisel, Terri Z. OTR/L; Makowski, Nathaniel S. PhD; Chae, John MDAmerican Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation: June 2014 - Volume 93 - Issue 6 - p 528–539 doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000000066 Case Series Abstract Author Information Objective The aims of this study were to determine whether patients with moderate-to-severe upper limb hemiplegia could use contralaterally controlled functional electrical stimulation at the arm and hand (Arm+Hand CCFES) at home and to evaluate the feasibility of Arm+Hand CCFES to reduce arm and hand motor impairment. Design With Arm+Hand CCFES, the paretic elbow and hand extensors were stimulated with intensities proportional to the degree of elbow extension and hand opening, respectively, of the contralateral unimpaired side. For 12 wks, four participants with chronic (≥6 mos) upper limb hemiplegia received ∼7 hrs per week of self-administered home-based stimulation-mediated elbow extension and hand opening exercise plus ∼2.5 hrs per week of therapist-supervised laboratory-based stimulation-assisted functional task practice. Assessments of upper limb impairment were made at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 1 mo after treatment. Results All four participants were able to use the Arm+Hand CCFES system at home either independently or with very minimal assistance from a caregiver. All four participants had increases in the Fugl-Meyer score (1–9 points) and the Wolf Motor Function Test (0.2–0.8 points) and varying degrees of improvement in maximum hand opening, maximum elbow extension, and simultaneous elbow extension and hand opening. Conclusions Arm+Hand CCFES can be successfully administered in stroke patients with moderate-to-severe impairment and can reduce various aspects of upper limb impairment. A larger efficacy study is warranted. From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (JSK, JC); Cleveland Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, Cleveland, Ohio (JSK, NSM, JC); Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute of Ohio, MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio (JSK, MYH, TZH, JC); and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio (NSM). All correspondence and requests for reprints should be addressed to Jayme S. Knutson, PhD, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, MetroHealth Rehabilitation Institute of Ohio, 4229 Pearl Rd, Suite N527, Cleveland, OH 44109. Supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) grant number R01HD059814. The stimulators used in this study were developed and provided by the Technical Development Laboratory of the Cleveland FES Center and are limited by federal law to investigational use. Portions of this work were published as part of an abstract at the 34th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, San Diego, CA, August 28 to September 1, 2012. Jayme S. Knutson, PhD, and John Chae, MD, are coinventors on the CCFES patent assigned to Case Western Reserve University, Patent 8,165,685: System and Method for Therapeutic Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation. Financial disclosure statements have been obtained, and no conflicts of interest have been reported by the authors or by any individuals in control of the content of this article. © 2014 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins


text:
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23 October 2017 - Corporate
10 July 2017 - Toiletries
23 June 2017 - Equipment
Scandinavian White
Scandinavian White, awarded the European Ecolabel, is another hotel line from aslotel that is eco-friendly and better for the environment. Please click here to read more about EU Ecolabel processes and what is involved in achieving accreditation.
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You have until Feb 1, 2018 to return or exchange items bought after Nov 1, 2017. All other standard return policy
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Length: 2.93"2.50" syryvferax
Special Order
You Pay: $399.00
With this 2.9" Lens Port Extension Ring, you can increase the length of your Aquatica underwater DSLR housing's port to enable the use of longer lenses or teleconverters. The ring features a manual focus knob, which is compatible with a required focus gear. Please consult your housing's port chart to find the right gear.
In addition to adding length, the ring is designed to allow for positioning of the front element of your lens as close as possible to the interior of the port, in order to minimize distortion for better image quality. See the Dimensions Chart to learn how to measure properly for an extension ring.
A stainless steel locking mechanism ensures a reliable connection between the ring and the port, while your camera housing's own lock connects the ring securely to the housing. The extension ring is crafted from a 6061 T6 aluminum alloy, which has been anodized for excellent resistance to corrosion. It features a depth rating of 295'.
|Material of Construction
|6061 T6 aluminum alloy
|Depth Rating
|295' / 90 m
Ring Length: 2.9" (7.5 cm)
Overall Length x Diameter (including bayonet mount): 3.4 x 5.5" (8.7 x 14 cm)
|Packaging Infosyryvferax
|Package Weight
|1.4 lb
|Box Dimensions (LxWxH)
|6.7 x 6.4 x 4.4"


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Duration: 3min 36sec Views: 88 486 Submitted: 2 years ago Submitted by:
Description: There's nothing like indulging in the forbidden and no one knows it better than housewife Lisa Ann. This big tits brunette can't wait everyday for her husband to leave home for work so that she can call her black boyfriend over for a deep fucking.
Channel: Brazzers Network
Pornstars: Lisa Ann


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If an item you ordered from TextbookRush does not meet your expectations due to an error on our part, simply fill out a return request and then return it by mail within 30 days of ordering it for a full refund of item cost.
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All the information you need in one place! Each Study Brief is a summary of one specific subject; facts, figures, and explanations to help you learn faster.
List price: $6.99Publisher: Scholastic, IncorporatedPublication date: 1/1/1994Binding: PaperbackPages: 192Size: 5.50" wide x 7.75" long x 0.50" tall Weight: 0.616Language: English
Patricia C. McKissack, 1944 - Patricia C. McKissack was born on August 9, 1944 in Smyrna Tennessee. After her parents divorced, she went to live with her grandparents in St. Louis. Years later, she moved back to Tennessee with the rest of her family and made the reacquaintance of her old friend Frederick. They both attended Tennessee State University, where Patricia graduated from in 1964 with a Bachelor's Degree of Arts in English. She went on to receive her Master's in Early Childhood Literature and Media Programming at Webster University in St Louis in 1975. After college, Patricia worked as a junior high English teacher and a children's book editor, but she didn't truly enjoy either job. One day her husband asked her what she'd really like to do and she said, "Write books." They have been collaborating together on books ever since the 80's, writing over a hundred books. Frederick does the research and Pat does the writing, with subjects ranging from racism, the Civil War, slavery and biographies of famous African Americans. Pat writes fiction on her own. Patricia has won many awards, including the 1993 Newberry Honor Book Award for "The Dark Thirty: Southern Tales of the Supernatural," the 1993 Coretta Scott King Award, the Caldecott Medal for "Mirandy and Brother Wind" and the 1998 Virginia Hamilton Award for making a contribution to the field of multicultural literature for children and adolescents, as well as the NAACP Image Award for "Sojourner Truth."
Frederick L. McKissack was born on August 12, 1939, in Nashville, Tennessee. He received a degree in civil engineering from Tennessee State University. He was a civil engineer and a construction worker before he and his wife decided to become full-time writers. Since the 1980's, he and his wife Patricia C. McKissack have written over 100 books together. Most of their titles are biographies with a strong focus on African-American themes for young readers. Their early 1990s biography series, Great African Americans, included volumes on Frederick Douglass, Marian Anderson, and Paul Robeson. Over their 30 years of writing together, the couple won many awards including the C.S. Lewis Silver Medal, the Coretta Scott King Award for Christmas in the Big House, Christmas in the Quarters, the Jane Addams Peace Award, and the 1998 Virginia Hamilton Award for making a contribution to the field of multicultural literature for children and adolescents, as well as the NAACP Image Award for Sojourner Truth: Ain't I a Woman?. He died of congestive heart failure on April 28, 2013 at the age of 73.
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Micromax Mobile service center in Hisar
List of MICROMAX Mobile Service Centers in Hisar
Micromax authorized mobile service centers in Hisar, Haryana provides warranty service to wide range of Micromax Smart phones like Micromax Canvas, Unite 4, Supreme and Bolt Selfie mobiles. Micromax has 1 smartphone service centers in Hisar. If you have any problem with your Oppo mobile phone, kindly contact the service centers officials.
MICROMAX AUTHORIZED MOBILE SERVICE CENTERS – Hisar CONTACT DETAILS:
Micromax mobile service center in Hisar
Name: Global Communication
Address: Shop No-259, Near Agrasan Bhawan, Green Slave Market, Ongole
City: Hisar
State: Haryana
Pincode: 125001
Contact Number 1: 0931-5505
Contact Number 2: 9255162062
Email: email@example.com
Working Hours: 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM
Working Days: Monday to Saturday [Sunday Holiday]
Products Serviced: Mobile / datacard / tablet / router
* Call the Micromax Service Center before visiting, to ensure that the service center is open and address is correct.
** Please comment below if you find the information incorrect, we will fix it and keep the site data updated.


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In the 1970s – the outlook for Teesside airport was one of excitement and expansion. Passenger numbers were increasing at a healthy rate with local 'flying executives' gratefully taking advantage of British Midland Airways four-daily direct flights to London, Heathrow. Also in the schedules were links to Manchester, Birmingham, Bournemouth, Bristol and Cardiff.
Holiday-makers were also catered for with direct flights to the Isle of Man, Jersey, Ostend, Palma, Tenerife, Malaga, Dubrovnik, Rijeka and Split provided by new airlines anxious to share the airport's ambitious development plans.
Teesside airport was maintaining its position as one of the larger and most modern municipal airports in the United Kingdom. Further appealing features included free car parking provided by the Airport Authority for both visitors and passengers, its own railway station on the perimeter of the airfield and a flourishing on-site flying school. The airport passenger terminal included a modern bar and buffet, travel office with currency exchange facilities, a number of shops, a Post Office and the spacious lounge was equipped with a television to entertain travellers awaiting to board their flight.
During this period with passenger numbers bordering on a million, there was every indication that these impressive trends would continue, and it was envisaged Teesside Airport would become thoroughly 'international.'
Things began to go pear shaped after Cleveland Council was abolished in 1996 and the local Borough Councils sought a strategic partner to develop the airport. They selected Peel Airports Ltd which took a 75 per cent stake, with the rest of the shareholding (25 per cent) owned by the six local authorities including Hartlepool.
In an affront to most Teessiders, Peel who had committed to investing £20m in the airport, immediately changed its name to the ridiculous sounding Durham and Tees Valley Airport (DTVA), and thereafter watched as the airport nosedived as passenger numbers plummeted dramatically to just 142,379 by 2014. The London flights disappeared, Ryanair pulled out ending its service to Dublin, Alicante, Girona and Rome, and the airport has now become but a shadow of its former self.
Peel has since announced that it would no longer focus on charter flights and would diversify into a business airport. Its master plan for such a change in direction includes building houses on airport land, and approval has now been given for 350 such dwellings and for a section of its car park to be used for caravan storage.
Regular 'direct' flights to and from airport are now limited to Amsterdam and Aberdeen and sporadic charter flights are scheduled when needed – this inevitably reflects the dramatic fall in passenger numbers. Ben Houchen, Tees Valley's new Mayor, has expressed a desire to get the airport up and running again, for the thousands of Teessiders that day cannot come quick enough.
Here is a link to our Facebook page:
Peter Cook – Editor-in-Chief
Cleveland Police are reminding social media users to be responsible for what they say or post on Facebook and other forums. (Now&Then No.107)
Next Issue – now available and will be placed on this site at the end of the month
Email: email@example.com


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Re: CAP
- --- In email@example.com, "k_r_johansen" <kjetil.r.johansen@...> wrote:
> --- In email@example.com, "John" <burns-john@> wrote:The support is to landowners, not country dwellers.
> >
> > About right. Approx 50% of the EU budget is allocated to the Common Agricultural Policy. CAP is supporting a lifestyle of a very small minority of country dwellers in a poor performing industry, agriculture. In effect that is its prime function.
> I disagree that agriculture is a poor performing industry.European agriculture is typically not price competitive with imports in the absence of protections.
> Obviously it feeds us quite well.But expensively. Three of my kids toured Europe this past summer, and the prices of groceries shocked them.
> I guess I have a bias since I come from a farming background, but the idea that farmers are not performing or progressing is false. But progress have come in spite of the CAP, not because.True, as CAP subsidizes the owners of inefficient as well as efficient farms.
> It's just that farming will and always will be, extremely competitive, at least when producing straight commodities. However a small portion of the population, they are thousands of sellers competing against millions of sellers abroad. Add natural risks, and it's a pretty non-attractive business to be in compare with other jobs/investments.Right. Because the product is a commodity, competition eliminates profit to the producer, and the only ones making any money from it are the landowners.
> When subsidies were enacted into full force half a century ago, it was probably good intentions, as they saw the returns to farming fall in comparison with other sectors. But the experience is that farmer incomes are still lower than other workers, and that a large portion of the subsidies are just capitalized into land rents, and tradeable quotas/subsidy rights, that would plummet in value if CAP was abolished. So it's pretty much pointless.As with any other publicly funded or charitable benefit program, it's quite difficult to design farming supports that don't just go to landowners and other rent seekers. A UIE would help, of course, as would replacing the taxes on labor and capital with LVT, abolishing seed patents, etc.
> There are probably some support mechanisms that have external benefits, r&d, keeping hedgerows nice and tidy, some level of food security etc., but generally the CAP is just a subsidy to landownership.
-- Roy Langston
- The point is, Scott, that the little fields of Britain cannot compete with the mass production of the US.Harry
********************The Alumni GroupThe Henry George Schoolof Los AngelesTujunga CA 90243(818) 352-4141********************
On Sat, Nov 24, 2012 at 9:38 AM, Scott Bergeson <scottb@...> wrote:
Quoting Harry Pollard on Sat, 24 Nov 2012 09:06:15 -0800:
if we import our bulk foods, farm land is given over to animals,
which provide instant food while crops are being started (not
to mention they improve fertility rather than use it up).
Importing meat and animal feed needn't be a huge strategic
concern, if you're willing, when besieged, to slaughter
most of the animals (preserving the meat, of course) and
switch to a primarily vegetarian diet.
As you know, the combine harvesters in the US probably
work all day in a field, then stop until next morning
when they continue harvesting in the same field.
Many of them have lights. Combines are a separate business
from farming. They migrate, following the harvest.


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The clone of you would have all of your DNA--so it should be just like you, right? Common sense would point out that a lot of what makes you 'you' are your experiences, which could not possibly be duplicated in enough detail to guarentee an exact copy of 'you.' But with more and more studies showing that nature is primarily in charge, sometimes in spite of your environment, this article explains why DNA is not the whole answer. This article answers some interesting questions I've had. When I was in elementary school, there were two identical twins that were hardly identical at all. They looked similar--but their hair color was slightly different, their noses were shaped differently, and they even had other differences facially and otherwise. Most remarkably, was their amazing difference in personality. One was very sporty and the other was very girly, with all of the stereotypical packaging--casual outfits with no extras for the first and jewelry, hair bands, and particular styles for the second.
So DNA is important, but it's not everything.


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Christmas Past
In order to give my writer's cramp a break, I've stalled addressing our Christmas cards to reminisce Christmas Past. This year due to our current situation and schedule we went with a less labor intensive/less $ route for our Christmas card, and I'm pleased with the result. However, these cards from Christmas Past hold a very special place in my heart.
Do you remember this one sweater/four individual shots winner?
Or how about this piece of magic….
It still makes me all warm and fuzzy inside!
The fun people behind AOL's parenting site, Parent Dish, decided to feature our Christmas cards as inspiration in their "Great Holiday Card Ideas for Twins, Triplets, Quads, and More" article/slideshow. They've featured some beautiful ideas and photography that you'll love!
All of this makes me curious to hear about YOUR favorite Christmas card either given or received. Tell us about it in the comment section if you'd like!
I'll post our 2009 Christmas card soonish! =)


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The Government introduced tougher limits on who is entitled to legal aid at the beginning of this year.
A type of means testing came into force which means anyone with more than £37,500 disposable income a year must pay for their own defence costs.
The Ministry of Justice insists the limits are generous, arguing that a defendant must have £3,000 spare cash left over each month from their net earnings - following all their outgoings - before being required to pay for their own lawyers.
The dispute which has played out very publicly between the legal profession and the government has been focussed not on the availability of legal aid for clients, but the rates which are paid to lawyers who perform the work.
Rates were cut by 30 per cent as part of a bid to shave a further £200 million off the £1.5 billion a year legal aid bill for England and Wales.
Because barristers are freelancers who work on a self-employed basis, it means lawyers are free to reject work at government rates if they so wish. The court case heard 69 chambers had rejected the fraud trial work.
The Ministry of Justice has begun to set up a network of "public defenders", who are employed by the state on a salary basis to work as defence lawyers.
But the scale of the programme is limited and it remains unclear whether it has the ability to prosecute such a specialist and complex fraud case.


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Objections raised to countryside masts linking London and Frankfurt traders
Objections have been raised at plans to boost international high-frequency trading by building two huge communications masts rivalling the height of London's Shard in the countryside.
Two companies, New Line Networks (NLN) and Vigilant Global, are separately looking to gain planning permission for the masts close to each other in Richborough, Kent.
It is hoped they will help provide high-speed data links between financial centres in the UK and Europe.
The masts will reportedly allow traders to receive data faster between London and Frankfurt, cutting milliseconds from trading times between the two key financial hubs.
But objections have been received over proposals for the two masts - one at more than 1,000ft (322m) near Richborough Energy Park and the other at 1,000ft (305m) on land north of King's End Farm.
In its submission to Dover District Council's planning committee, Cliffsend Parish Council said the 322m mast would become a "visual eyesore", adding 80% of houses in the area would see it.
Other concerns were raised over its potential impact on the scheduled Roman site of Richborough and the Grade I-listed Richborough Castle.
And local archaeologists fear it could become the "prominent and defining feature in this view".
Ash Parish Council were among objectors to the 305m-tall mast, citing the impact on the local community, including from construction traffic and on nearby historic buildings.
NLN has said its proposal would serve the wireless needs of multiple parties with a single mast, supporting and boosting local community radio, satellite TV, mobile operators and emergency services.
Vigilant Global chose the site of the 322m mast because it is close to an industrial site, is geographically remote and has a history of tall structures due to the area's previous use as a power station.
It has said it wants the local community to benefit from the mast.
Proposals include a community trust funded annually by mast revenue, and setting up sponsorship and initiatives with schools and community groups.
Both masts are being recommended for refusal by Dover District Council's planning officers ahead of a meeting of the planning committee on Thursday.


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... separating the numbers. I have looked and looked and can't find the name of it anywhere... Can anybody help me figure what it is??? Please!
I found a round pink/more kinda dark pink with the imprint of 0|2 2|0 It's basically a + sign?
- Asked
- 18 Jul 2015 by Kimbolee73
- Active
- 18 Jul 2015
Answers (1)
ACEPROMAZINE MALEATE 10 mg., dog tranquilizer.
Read more: https://www.drugs.com/vet/acepromazine-maleate-tablets.html
Thank you very much!
You are welcome.-
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Beijing - A man died and his mother went into a coma after consuming a product made by US giant Coca-Cola, prompting a city in northeast China to recall the drink, government and state media said on Wednesday. Food scandals occur regularly in China, with recent cases involving recycled cooking oil, contaminated eggs and carcinogenic mushrooms.Identified only by his surname Chu, the man died after drinking a bottle of strawberry flavoured milk sold under the brand name "Guoli Naiyou" and made by the Coca-Cola subsidiary Minute Maid, the China News Service reported.Chu died on Monday evening after ingesting the drink in Changchun city, in Jilin province, the report said. His mother was fighting for her life."Following clinical diagnosis, poisoning from organic phosphorous is suspected," the report said. "Police investigations confirmed that a hyper-toxic pesticide was found in the drink."'Nothing unusual found'A Changchun city official surnamed Li confirmed the incident when contacted by AFP, but refused to comment on the details or divulge whether foul play was suspected."Our company takes the recent incident in Changchun of Jilin province very seriously," Joanna Price, Coca-Cola's China-based spokesperson, told AFP in an e-mail."After we were notified of this incident, we carried out comprehensive internal reviews of the retention samples of the same production batches and have not found anything unusual. "All the products are safe and within standards."According to the China News Service, the city's commercial and food safety departments have launched an investigation and ordered the recall of the suspect product.Local stores began removing the drink from their shelves on Wednesday, it said.Tougher penalties wantedChina's food industry remains plagued by safety scandals despite sporadic government crackdowns.On Saturday, state press said authorities had recently convicted 113 people, including 17 government employees, over a chemical-tainted pork scandal.The prime suspect received a death sentence with two years' reprieve for running a workshop producing the carcinogenic chemical clenbuterol, which is added to pig feed to produce leaner pork, the China Daily said.In September last year authorities including China's top court and the public security ministry called for tougher penalties including the death sentence in serious food safety cases.
They have kept samples from that same batch! and those are not infected! Rather open up a homicide case, as I'm sure more than two people would have gotten sick. Especially considering that the two people come from the same family.. Something else happened there IMO
Spot on.
I have to agree.
Funny that this sh*t (almost) always happens in China.


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Holiday Inn Express Malaga Airport
The comfortable 3-star Hi Express Malaga Airport Hotel offers medical service, room service and housekeeping. Hi Express Malaga Airport Hotel has been welcoming guests to its modern rooms since 2008.
The hotel is notable for the ideal setting not far from parks as well as museums, the palace and the cathedral. The property is 1300 meters away from Malaga Botanical Garden, Museum Malaga Airport and Trade Fair and Congress Center of Malaga.
Malaga Cathedral is 5.8 km from the hotel and Pablo Ruiz Picasso Cultural Centre is 9.6 km away.
Hi Express Malaga Airport Hotel offers 122 guestrooms appointed with Wi-Fi, a trouser press, a kitchenette, climate control and TV with satellite channels with all the sights of Malaga within easy access. The rooms come with modern-style décor along with contemporary red furniture.
In the morning a buffet breakfast is served at the café. Dishes of international cuisine are served in the lounge restaurant. Guests can savor tea and coffee in the snack bar. Bodegas Quitapenas and La casita de la loma are situated in a business area, about 300 meters from the venue.
Hi Express Malaga Airport Hotel is within a 5-minute drive to Pablo Ruiz Picasso airport.
The hotel offers currency exchange, an elevator and a baggage storage along with a business center, printers and computer rental to respond to the needs of all guests.


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Germany sets up $100m climate change fund
The German federal environment ministry and the development bank KfW have launched a $100m climate change fund to promote energy savings and renewable energy for small and medium-sized companies as well as households in developing countries.
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What's sweeter than animal mothers nursing their babies? When they adopt babies of other species, of course!
In honor of Mother's Day, here is an adorable collection of mama animals tending to babies from all spectrums of the animal kingdom. These mamas do not discriminate, showing needy baby animals the tender love and care that only a mother can give. Be prepared for cuteness overload.