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The Harvey Girls (1946) – Movie Review
The Harvey Girls, starring Judy Garland, John Hodiak, and a plethora of Hollywood names, is a bright, show-stopping musical with the usual glamour only MGM could muster. Based on the true story of Fred Harvey's restaurants and the waitresses he employed, this story takes place in small, uncivilized town in New Mexico.
Brief Synopsis:
Tired of her own home town in Ohio, Susan Bradley responds a matrimonial ad in the newspaper and agrees to marry a man she has never seen. She leaves for the remote town of Sand Rock with her hopes high. On the trains she befriends some girls who are going to Sand Rock as well to become waitresses at the new Harvey House. When she arrives, Susan is immediately surprised to find that the man who wrote all those beautiful letters is a rough cattle hand and not the learned gentleman she thought. She soon finds out that the whole trip was a joke played by the local saloon owner, Ned Trent. Infuriated, Susan tells Trent just what she thinks of men like him, and joins the Harvey girls in their fight for civilization. They endure trials and grave danger but in the end, the Harvey girls prevail. And Susan finds the writer of her letters to be the man of her dreams.
Judy Garland performs beautifully, singing as well as acting. She is accompanied by rising stars such as Cyd Charisse, and well-known actors such as Virginia O'Brien and Ray Bolger. Also in the film are the lovable raspy-voiced Marjorie Main, a hard-as-nails Angela Lansbury, and a tough and dangerous Preston Foster. John Hodiak, a rare man to find in musicals, pulls the character of saloon owner off well. Unfortunately for him, his only singing part was cut from the finished film.
Full Synopsis:
As the Santa Fe rail line moves westward, civilization follows close behind. Credit for this advancement is due in part to Fred Harvey's chain of restaurants and his straight-laced, white collar waitresses dubbed the Harvey Girls.
Susan Bradley, a lonely girl from Ohio, is heading west with dreams of her beloved leading her on. Having responded to a matrimonial ad in the newspaper and started a relationship with its writer, she agreed to marry him and left her boring home for a new one.
Also on the train heading west are a group of young women just employed as Harvey Girls. A few of them take pity on Susan's lack of food and offer her some of theirs which sparks a valuable friendship. None of them know just what they are getting into but they are soon to find out.
In Sand Rock, Judge Purvis, a man with the power of the town behind him, is none too happy to see a Harvey House opening up next to the Alhambra, a saloon owned by his friend Ned Trent. He advises Ned to be careful, having heard the effect Harvey Houses have had on the towns they've occupied. Not sharing his friends suspicious nature, Ned waves him off.
The train arrives with a grand entrance as nearly the whole town comes out to meet them. As the crowd dies away the Harvey girls gather up their belongings and move into the new building already set up for them.
Susan, on the other hand, is looking anxiously for her husband-to-be, H. H. Hartsey, Esq.. When she spots him though she is taken aback. The man who calls himself Hartsey appears to be a rough cowhand no more able to write a letter than fly to the moon. Obviously expecting someone different as well, the two eventually agree that the marriage wouldn't be right for both of them.
Thinking out loud, Hartsey mentions the fact that the letters were written by a "friend" who must have thought it would be a good joke. Infuriated, Susan finds out he's none other than the owner of the Alhambra, Ned Trent, and marches straight through the doors of the saloon. She tells him what she thinks of men who take liberties with innocent people and gives him more than a piece of her mind. As a last jab, she promises the Harvey girls will shove people like him and his dance hall girls out of the town for good, and immediately marches off to join them. Little does she know her spunk, despite the anger behind it, has sparked Ned's interest in her.
In no time the Harvey House is open and ready for the next train. Eager to size up his new competition, Ned visits the Harvey House and orders a famous Harvey House steak.
Sonora, the cook, informs them all that the meat is gone, vanished. Rolling up her sleeves, Susan heads back over to the Alhambra. She grabs a pair of six-shooters and threatens to shoot if they don't return the meat she knows they have taken. Hardly a menacing figure, the men go along with her anyhow, too surprised and delighted by her tenacity. Moments later, she returns to Mr. Trent's table with one steak, very rare.
That night, Judge Purvis hires a man to shoot out the girls light, succeeding in scaring some of the girls away. But the next day, when Ned tells him to cut the rough stuff, he tells Susan and Deborah that Ned is the one trying to drive them away while he is perfectly happy to have them there.
Once again taking matters into her own hands, Susan bursts through the saloon doors for the third time. Expecting to find Ned, she instead finds Em, the saloon's star dancer. Em tells Susan that she's glamorizing Ned and inadvertantly clarifies him as the kind one, not Purvis. Though her words are biting, Susan quickly realizes that Em loves Ned. Em doesn't deny it but bitterly adds that he doesn't know she exists.
Em mentioned something about a valley and suddenly Susan recalls Ned having written to her about a valley he loved to go and visit. Now ready to thank him instead of fight, she finds him just where she thought, in his valley. Though at first cold, Ned falls prey to Susan's good-girl charm, and Susan soon has to admit his feelings are mutual.
They return to town together, and closer than they were before, but in less than a minute, trouble pops its ugly head up. Hearing a scream from the Harvey House, Susan and Ned run up to to find a rattlesnake threatening Deborah in a closet. Ned heroically kills the snake but Susan realizes that as long as he runs the Alhambra and endorses men like Judge Purvis he is doing the same as helping them in running the girls out of Sand Rock.
Deborah, a dancer, hears the lovely music coming from the Alhambra and can't resist the temptation to get a closer look at its creator. The young man, Terry O'Halloran, is enchanted with Deborah and sings the song for her. But when Susan arrives to bring Deborah back the jealous saloon girls move in on them. In no time Susan is joined by the rest of the Harvey girls and the battle rages with fists and screams.
The girls throw a ball for the men of the town and entertain them with dancing and singing. The air is festive and everyone is having a wonderful time, despite the appearance of Ned and Purvis. But when the dance hall girls arrive in their bold colors and feathers, the mood becomes tense. Ned stands up for his girls and they go their way.
After the ball, Susan rushes out to the valley. Not long after, Ned arrives. They love each other, they both know it, but they can't come to terms with the differences in their beliefs. Ned informs her that he plans to move the saloon to Flagstaff and leaves. The moment is bittersweet for Susan, knowing that he loves her and yet they can't be together.
When Ned returns to town alone, he catches Purvis and his henchman setting fire to the Harvey House. He takes them on singehanded but fails to save the building. Daylight reveals a burned down building where the restaurant used to stand. Ned offers to let them have the Alhambra until the Harvey House is repaired and prepares to leave for Flagstaff.
Only when the train is ready to leave, he admits to Em that he isn't going with them. Em realizes she has lost.
As the train moves out, Em spots Susan in one of the cars. When Susan tells her that she would do anything for Ned, Em does the right thing and stops the train. Already riding to catch up, Ned finds Susan and the two get married right in his valley, all their problems resolved.
Behind The Scenes
The song that hit the charts higher than any other on the film was On the Atchison, Topeka and the Santa Fe, sung by artists such as Bing Crosby, Johnny Mercer, and even Judy Garland, but Mercer's version was the most popular.
Since Virginia O'Brien was pregnant at the time of shooting she lost parts in the second half of the film do to Judy's delaying the film because her condition became more and more noticeable.
Not surprising, Angela Lansbury's singing voice was dubbed as well as rising star Cyd Charisse.
My Opinion
I've watched this movie for as long as I can remember, and though I wouldn't recommend it for a historical piece, I love the music and simple plot. John Hodiak does an excellent job in the role of the saloon owner while Judy pulls off the necessary spunk for her character.
Other than the obvious inaccuracies, the only thing I really don't like in the movie is the implications that compromising your morals for the man or woman you love is alright. The fact that Susan believes they'll both have to compromise their standards to make a relationship work is wrong. Moral standards should never be compromised. Ned was the one who needed to change. Susan's speech at the end about the only difference between her and Em was the clothing style they chose to wear was completely illogical. Hollywood once again gets the award for glamorizing real life. Em and her fellow saloon girls were prostitutes, or at least saloon girls in that day and time were.
Other than those apparent inaccuracies, I would definitely recommend this movie for anyone who wishes to see a quaint, enjoyable musical!


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Epson AL-M1400 Toner Cartridge HC 2.2k
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Epson AL-M1400 Toner Cartridge HC 2.2k Product Description
Epson C13S050650 Toner Cartridge - Black - LED - 2200 Page (C13S050650): AL-M1400 Toner Cartridge HC 2.2k. - Containing ultrafine toner
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A great choice for a stay in Port Hardy, Kwa'Lilas Hotel features a free airport shuttle. You can relax with a drink at the bar/lounge, and the restaurant is the perfect spot to grab a bite to eat. LCD TVs and free WiFi are offered in all rooms.


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The Hungarian Parliament has recently adopted an act ("Bonus Act") that amends the 2008 law on commercial advertising activities ("Advertisement Act") with regard to advertising agency bonuses.
The Bonus Act extends the scope of the Advertisement Act to advertising agency and advertisement spot sales activities. The scope of the Advertisement Act extends to advertising activities carried out in the territory of Hungary, this, however, does not exclude extraterritorial application of the regulations herein described, e.g. in case of foreign contracting parties.
Advertising agency agreements
In regards to advertising agency agreements, the Bonus Act:
- Sets out mandatory provisions regarding advertising agency agreements - advertisers and advertising agencies may not deviate from these provisions;
- Requires that advertising agency agreements be concluded in writing (including by electronic means);
- Enables advertising agencies to conclude agreements on the publishing of advertisements with the publishers, in the name of and on behalf of the advertisers;
- Obliges advertisement publishers (or the sales house acting on their behalf) to notify the advertisers (or advertising agencies) about the circumstances of publishing the advertisement and modifications thereof; and
- Requires publishers to issue invoices for their services to the name of the person they contract with, either the advertiser, or the agency. Invoices must indicate all applied discounts (bonuses) and be paid within 30 days of their receipt.
Fees and bonuses
Under the Bonus Act, advertising agencies are only permitted to accept (i) the fee for the agency activity and (ii) the discount received from the publisher or the sales house acting on the publisher's behalf. Agency fees paid by the advertisers are fixed at 15% of the fee for publishing the advertisement. Agencies may not accept, directly or indirectly, any other financial gain, gifts or grants from publishers or other third persons. Entities who obtain financial gain in violation of the Bonus Act may face a consumer protection fine equal to ten times the financial gain obtained.
Although discounts are allowed under the Bonus Act, such discounts must always be passed along to the advertisers in order ensure that the advertiser is the final beneficiary of all discounts. The government's reasoning for this provision is that the discount system in effect before the Bonus Act distorted the market because agencies mainly pursued their own interests in choosing the advertising publishers instead of the interests of the advertisers.
The above detailed provisions of the Bonus Act enter into force on 4 July 2015. Parties with agreements already in force on 4 July 2015 will have until 30 September 2015 to modify them, if necessary, in accordance with the Bonus Act.
The Bonus Act was published as Act LXXII of 2015 on Establishing the Central Budget of Hungary for Year 2016 in the official gazette of Hungary on 18 June 2015.


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Published: Saturday 18th April 2015 by The News Editor
Labour will address immigration concerns head on today with an attack on the Tory record and a pledge to create a new Government task force to crack down on exploitation.
Ed Miliband will say that under a Labour government 100 staff will be challenged to increase prosecutions and fines against bad employers who encourage low skilled migration and undermine the minimum wage.
Mr Miliband will say abusive practices such as forcing scores of workers to live in cramped houses for illegally low wages is driving unskilled migration and hurting conditions for local workers.
And he will condemn the Prime Minister for not meeting his promise to cut immigration to the tens of thousands, insisting Labour will not make pledges it cannot meet.
David Cameron will hit the campaign trail with a promise to put a leading pensions campaigner in the Lords and make her a minister in his new administration.
Ros Altmann will be placed at the "heart of government" with responsibility for financial education and consumer protection if the Tories win in May.
Mr Cameron said: "There are also great new products like the flexible Isa, a real encouragement for savings with the single tier pension, and now at the heart of government, if we're elected, Ros Altmann – the country's leading pensions, savings, and financial education expert to make sure that we make the most of this great revolution in favour of savings and financial security for many in our country."
The Liberal Democrats will focus on apprenticeships. Business Secretary Vince Cable will promise to double the number of employers offering on-the-job training and promote pledges to offer incentives to small businesses.
Ukip leader Nigel Farage is expected to campaign in his target constituency of South Thanet.
Published: Saturday 18th April 2015 by The News Editor


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To be able to gain a place on the access course it is essential that i have some experience within the care sector, even if this wasnt essential i would want to do so anyway to gain experience for myself.
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All the super powers of matcha BUT with caffeine-free rooibos tea!
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Mix up your matcha as a hot cup with honey or iced and milky, shot it, bake with it, put it in your yoghurt... for matcha recipe ideas see our tea recipe page.
Want to find out more about matcha and its benefits? Pop over to our our UniversiTEA Blog, learn about matcha section.
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The Vanishing Vein offers Radiesse injections to patients throughout Framingham, Boston, Newton, Worcester, Cambridge, Lowell and Quincy, MA.
What is Radiesse?
Radiesse® is a synthetic injectable filler that has been approved by the FDA to reduce moderate to severe wrinkles, folds and creases around the nose and mouth by stimulating the natural production of collagen in the skin. This product is made of microspheres composed of calcium hydroxylapatite within a water-based gel and is made from minerals similar to what makes up our bones. Radiesse can be injected directly into the skin with no need for pre-testing.
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Mint Orient SK Crystal World Timer Huge Gents Automatic Watch
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Mint condition, never worn, purchased new.Orient are affiliated with Seiko and used there raw movement which they adapted for there own watches. Inside this model is a 21 jewelled automatic movement that is silky smooth and makes the second hand move with a near sweeping action. This is a brand new old stock watch in mint condition . It has an inner rotating bezel to calculate times around the world . The huge dial is eyecatching in patterned blue fading to silver , furnished with gold batons & hands and quick set day / date window is at 3. Capping this is a mineral glass crystal . Features a button at 2 which is pressed to set the day , a crown at 3 which sets the date and time as normal and finally a crown at 4 which rotates the inner bezel . The stainless steel case is just colossal and suitably fitted on a solid link bracelet of similar proportion. Fits up to a huge 8" wrist. The movement is running smoothly and holding time just like a new watch (which this is). One of the nicest orient models I have ever seen and shout out "look at me "with its incredible size and colour. A real mans watch with real presence and a certain investment. Watch dimensions Top case to bottom 47mm, side to side (without crown) 42mm, thickness (crystal to back cover) 12.5mm with a 37mm diameter crystal.


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Cisplatin is an important chemotherapeutic agent but can cause acute renal injury. Part of this acute renal injury is mediated through tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). The pathway through which cisplatin mediates the production of TNF-α and injury is not known. Cisplatin activates p38 MAPK and induces apoptosis in cancer cells. p38 MAPK activation leads to increased production of TNF-α in ischemic injury and in macrophages. However, little is known concerning the role of p38 MAPK in cisplatin-induced renal injury. Therefore, we examined the effect of cisplatin on p38 MAPK activity and the role of p38 MAPK in mediating cisplatin-induced TNF-α production and renal injury. In vitro, cisplatin caused a dose-dependent activation of p38 MAPK in proximal tubule cells. Inhibition of p38 MAPK activation led to inhibition of TNF-α production. In vivo, mice treated with a single dose of cisplatin (20 mg/kg body wt) developed severe renal dysfunction at 72 h [blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 154 ± 34 mg/dl, creatinine: 1.4 ± 0.4 mg/dl], which was accompanied by an increase in kidney p38 MAPK activity and an increase in infiltrating leukocytes. However, animals treated with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SKF-86002 along with cisplatin showed less renal dysfunction (BUN: 55 ± 14 mg/dl, creatinine: 0.3 ± 0.02 mg/dl, P < 0.05), less severe histological damage, and fewer leukocytes compared with cisplatin+vehicle-treated animals. Serum levels of TNF-α, sTNFRI, and sTNFRII also increased significantly in cisplatin-treated mice compared with SKF-86002-treated mice (P < 0.05). Kidney mRNA levels of TNF-α were significantly increased in cisplatin-treated mice compared with either SKF-86002- or saline-treated animals. The hydroxyl radical scavenger DMTU (100 mg·kg body wt−1·day−1) prevented the activation of p38 MAPK by cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. DMTU also completely prevented cisplatin-induced renal injury (BUN: 140 ± 27 vs. 22 ± 2 mg/dl, P < 0.005) and the increase in serum TNF-α (33 ± 7 vs. 4 ± 2 pg/ml, P < 0.005) and kidney TNF-α mRNA in vivo. We conclude that hydroxyl radicals, either directly or indirectly, activate p38 MAPK and that p38 MAPK plays an important role in mediating cisplatin-induced acute renal injury and inflammation, perhaps through production of TNF-α.
- tumor necrosis factor-α
- acute renal failure
- antioxidants
- gene expression
- cytokines
- protein kinases
cisplatin is a highly effective chemotherapeutic agent used to treat wide variety of solid tumors (20). However, 25–35% of patients experience a significant decline in renal function after the administration of a single dose of cisplatin (38). Several mechanisms, including oxidants, inflammation, genotoxic damage, and cell cycle arrest, have been incriminated in cisplatin nephrotoxicity (5, 26, 33, 35–37). However, little is known about the role of MAPK in cisplatin-induced acute renal injury. The MAPK pathways are a series of parallel cascades of serine/threonine kinases that are activated by diverse extracellular, physical and chemical stresses and regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and survival (6, 31). The three major MAPK pathways terminate in the ERK, p38, and JNK/SAPK enzymes. The ERK pathway is activated typically by extracellular growth factors and has been linked to cell survival. The p38 and JNK/SAPK pathways are activated by a variety of stresses, e.g., oxidants, UV irradiation, hyperosmolality, and inflammatory cytokines, and have been linked to cell death (6, 45). Cisplatin is known to activate p38, ERK, and JNK/SAPK in various cell lines (30, 39, 44), including renal epithelial cells (2, 28). In many human cancer cell lines, cisplatin preferentially activates p38 MAPK compared with JNK or ERK. Moreover, inhibition of p38 MAPK in ovarian carcinoma cells increases their resistance to cisplatin-induced apoptosis (23), suggesting that activation of p38 MAPK contributes to cell death in response to cisplatin. Cisplatin was recently shown to activate all three MAPKs in kidney both in vitro and in vivo (2). However, no data are available on the role of p38 MAPK in cisplatin-induced acute renal injury. Therefore, one goal of the current study was to examine the role of p38 MAPK in cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction.
We (35–37) and others (7, 42, 43) demonstrated a role for inflammation in cisplatin-induced acute renal failure. In particular, cisplatin increases renal TNF-α production (7, 36, 42) and inhibition of TNF-α production reduces cisplatin nephrotoxicity (35, 36). p38 MAPK is involved in TNF-α production in a variety of models of inflammation (13, 15, 19, 46). However, the role of p38 MAPK in mediating cisplatin-induced TNF-α production has never been evaluated. Therefore, the second goal of the current study was to determine the role of p38 MAPK in cisplatin-induced TNF-α production both in vitro and in vivo.
Finally, there is substantial evidence supporting the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mediating cisplatin-induced renal injury (3–5, 24). ROS are known to activate p38 MAPK in a variety of tissues (12, 18, 32) including kidney (43). Tsuruya et al. (43) recently demonstrated that ROS are involved in the production of TNF-α in response to cisplatin. However, the role of p38 MAPK in this process was not examined. Therefore, the third goal of the current studies was to determine the role of ROS in the activation of p38 MAPK and TNF-α production in response to cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo.
Cell culture.
Immortalized mouse proximal tubule cells TKPTS (8) cells kindly provided by Dr. E. Bello-Reuss and Dr. J. Megyesi were cultured in DMEM/F12 supplemented with glutamine, 7.5% FBS, and antibiotics, grown to confluence, and maintained at 37°C in 5% CO2. All experiments were carried out in serum-containing medium. Cells were treated with different concentrations of cisplatin for the indicated times and cells were harvested at the end of incubation for Western blot and RNA isolation. For inhibition of p38 MAPK, cells were incubated with SB-203580 (90 μM) beginning 30 min before the cisplatin addition. This concentration of inhibitor was chosen on the basis of preliminary studies of MAPK inhibition in TKPTS cells. Dimethylthiuourea (DMTU; 20 mM) was added 30 min before cisplatin addition.
Animals and drug administrations.
Experiments were performed using 10- to 12-wk-old male C57BL/6 mice weighing ∼25–30 g. Mice were maintained on a standard diet and water was freely available. Cisplatin was dissolved in saline at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. Mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of either saline, cisplatin (20 mg/kg body wt) plus vehicle, cisplatin and SKF-86002, DMTU, or DMTU and cisplatin. SKF-86002 was dissolved in DMSO-Ethanol-saline (30:30:40 by volume) and injected subcutaneously at a dose of 20 mg·kg body wt−1·day−1. DMTU (100 mg·kg−1·day−1) was dissolved in saline and injected intraperitoneally. The initial doses of SKF-86002 and DMTU were administered 30 min before the cisplatin. Cisplatin-treated animals were administered the vehicles for SKF-86002 or DMTU on the same schedule. Animals were killed 72 h after cisplatin injection and blood and kidney tissues were collected. Kidney tissues were processed for histology, p38 activity, and RNA isolation. All animal protocols conformed with the American Physiological Society's Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the Pennsylvania State College of Medicine.
Renal function.
Renal function was assessed by measurements of blood urea nitrogen (BUN; VITROS DT60II Chemistry slides, Ortho-clinical Diagnostics) and serum creatinine (DZ072B, Diazyme Labs).
Quantitation of mRNA by real-time PCR.
Real-time PCR was performed in an Applied Biosystem 7700 sequence detection system; 1.5 μg of total RNA was reverse transcribed in a reaction volume of 20 μl using Omniscript reverse transcriptase kit (Qiagen) and random primers. The product was diluted to a volume of 150 μl and either 2-μl (actin) or 10-μl (all others) aliquots were used as templates for amplification using SYBR Green PCR amplification reagent and gene-specific primers. The primer sets used were: actin (forward: CATGGATGACGATATCGCT; reverse: CATGAGGTAGTCTGTCAGGT), TNF-α (forward: GCATGATCCGCGACGTGGAA; reverse: AGATCCATGCCGTTG GCCAG), IL-1β (forward: 5′-CTCCATGAGCTTTGTACAAGG-3; reverse: 5′-TGCTGATGTACCAGTTGGGG-3′), ICAM-1 (forward: 5′-GATCACATTCACGGTGCTG-3′; reverse: 5′-CTTCAGAGGCAGGAAACAGG-3′), MCP-1 (foward: 5′-ATGCAGGTCCCTGTCATG-3′; reverse: 5′-GCTTGAGGTGGTTGTGGA-3′), TGF-β1 (forward: 5′-TGACGTCACTGGAGTTGTACGG-3′; reverse: 5′- GGTTCATGTCATGGATGG TGC-3′), heme oxygenase-1 (forward: AGCATGCCCCAGGATTTG; reverse: AGCTCAATGTTGAGCAGGA). The amount of RNA was normalized to actin amplified in a separate reaction.
TNF-α, soluble TNFR1 and TNFR2 quantitation by ELISA.
The levels of TNF-α, sTNF RI, and sTNF RII were quantitated using an ELISA assay (Quantikine Mouse TNF-α kit, Quantikine Mouse sTNF RI and sTNF RII kit, R&D System, Minneapolis, MN) according to the manufacturer's instructions.
p38 MAPK assay in kidney tissue extract.
p38 MAPK activity was measured by immunoprecipitation and phosphorylation of ATF-2 (p38 MAPK assay kit, cat. no. 9820, Cell Signaling Technologies, Beverly, MA). Briefly, kidney was homogenized in 6 ml of lysis buffer and incubated on ice for 10 min. The homogenate was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 5 min and the supernatant was transferred to a fresh tube; 400 μg of supernatant protein in 300-μl volume were immunoprecipitated using immobilized p38 antibody beads. The mixture was centrifuged and washed with lysis buffer twice and kinase buffer twice. The pellet was resuspended in 50 μl of kinase buffer containing 200 μM ATP and 2 μg of ATF-2 fusion protein and incubated for 30 min at 30°C. The reaction was arrested by adding SDS-sample loading buffer and then separated on a 4–12% polyacrylamide gel. Proteins were transfered onto a PVDF membrane and probed with anti-phospho ATF-2 antibody. Phospho ATF-2 was visualized using ECL reagents.
Histology and immunohistochemistry.
Kidney tissue was fixed in buffered 10% formalin for 12 h and then embedded in paraffin wax. For assessment of injury, 5-μm sections were stained with PAS. Tubular injury was assessed in PAS-stained sections using a semiquantitative scale (16, 17, 34) in which the percentage of cortical tubules showing epithelial necrosis was assigned a score: 0 = normal; 1 = <10%; 2 = 10–25%; 3 = 26–75%; 4 = >75%. Sections were scored independently by two investigators who were blinded to the treatment of the animal. To quantitate leukocyte infiltration, sections were stained with naphthol AS-D choroacetate esterase (Sigma kit no. 91C), which identifies neutrophils and monocytes. Twenty-five ×40 fields of esterase-stained sections were examined for quantitation of leukocytes. For ATF-2 immunohistochemistry, sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated. Antigen retreval was performed by heating the sections in 10 mM sodium citrate buffer (pH 6.0) at 95°C for 10 min. The sections were washed and incubated with 1% hydrogen peroxide in 90% methanol for 10 min to block endogenous peroxidases. Sections were then blocked with 5% goat serum/1% BSA in PBS, followed by incubation overnight at 4°C with an anti-phospho ATF-2 antibody (diluted 1:50 in blocking buffer). Slides were washed and then incubated with a biotinylated secondary antibody for 1 h followed by ABC reagent. Color was developed with a metal-enhanced DAB reagent (Pierce), counterstained with hematoxylin, and mounted.
Renal platinum content.
Platinum content was measured in kidneys removed 72 h after cisplatin injection and in cells harvested after 6 h of cisplatin treatment. Tissues and cells were digested in a mixture of Ultrex trace metal grade nitric acid and hydrochloric acid for 1 h at 100°C. The digested samples were diluted with high-purity water and subjected to inductively coupled plasma/mass spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer Elan 6000 ICP/MS) to determine the platinum content.
Statistical methods.
All assays were performed in duplicate. The data are reported as means ± SE. Statistical significance was assessed by unpaired, two-tailed Student's t-test for single comparison or ANOVA for multiple comparisons.
Cisplatin induces p38 MAPK activation in proximal tubule cells in vitro and in mouse kidney in vivo.
Figure 1 illustrates the effect of cisplatin on the activity of p38 MAPK. We measured p38 MAPK enzyme activity by substrate phosphorylation as well as the phosphorylation status of p38 enzyme by Western blot analysis. Cisplatin resulted in a dose-dependent increase in both enzyme activity and phospho-p38 levels (not shown) in vitro. In vivo, p38 MAPK activity was also markedly increased when measured at 72 h after cisplatin injection. These results confirm the recent report by Arany et al. (2) demonstrating increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in cisplatin-treated TKPTS cells and mouse kidney. Immunohistochemical localization of phosphoATF-2 was used to determine the site of p38 MAPK activation in vivo. We used phosphoATF-2 rather than phospho p38 MAPK as a marker of p38 MAPK activation in vivo since the p38 MAPK inhibitor used in this study, SKF-86002, does not inhibit the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. As shown in Fig. 2, kidneys from saline-treated mice demonstrated little or no ATF-2 phosphorylation. In contrast, kidneys from cisplatin-treated mice showed extensive ATF-2 phosphorylation, primarily in a nuclear distribution as expected for a transcription factor. The phosphoATF-2 staining was seen mainly in proximal tubular cells of the cortex. Glomeruli and blood vessels were not stained. Kidneys from mice treated with cisplatin and SKF-86002 had less phosphoATF-2 staining, confirming that the inhibitor was active in vivo and that phosphoATF-2 staining reflected p38 MAPK activity.
Inhibition of p38 MAPK blocks TNF-α expression in vivo and in vitro.
p38 MAPK activation leads to TNF-α production in number of cell types (13, 15, 19, 27, 46). To determine whether p38 MAPK mediates TNF-α expression in renal proximal tubule cells in response to cisplatin, TKPTS cells were treated with cisplatin along with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB-203580 for 12 h. As shown in Fig. 3, cisplatin induced an 8- to 10-fold increase in TNF-α mRNA levels. SB-203580 significantly blunted the cisplatin-induced TNF-α mRNA expression and reduced TNF-α protein secretion into the culture supernatant. SB-203580 did not affect the cellular uptake of cisplatin (222 ± 22 vs. 257 ± 20 ng Pt/mg protein, cisplatin vs. cisplatin + SB-203580, P = NS). Similarly, mice treated with cisplatin had increased amounts of renal TNF-α protein and mRNA which were significantly reduced by the p38 inhibitor SKF-86002 (Fig. 3B). SKF-86002 also significantly reduced the cisplatin-induced increases in serum levels of TNF-α, sTNFRI and sTNFRII (Table 1).
p38 Inhibition reduces cisplatin-induced functional and structural renal damage.
To examine the role of p38 MAPK in cisplatin-induced kidney dysfunction, cisplatin was administered alone or in combination with SKF-86002 to mice. As shown in Fig. 4, cisplatin injection produced severe renal failure. Administration of SKF-86002 along with cisplatin significantly reduced both BUN (154 ± 34 vs. 55 ± 14 mg/dl, P < 0.05) and creatinine (1.4 ± 0.4 vs. 0.3 ± 0.02 mg/dl, P < 0.05) levels compared with cisplatin and vehicle. Vehicle alone did not affect either urea or creatinine values (not shown). The improvement in renal function was accompanied by less severe histological damage and reduced leukocyte infiltration. As shown in Fig. 5, cisplatin treatment resulted in severe tubular injury reflected by cast formation, loss of brush-border membranes, sloughing of tubular epithelial cells, and dilation of tubules. These changes were minimal in SKF-86002-treated animals. Semiquantitative scores of tubular necrosis were significantly lower in cisplatin plus SKF-86002-treated animals than in mice which received cisplatin and vehicle (Fig. 5D). As noted previously (35–37), cisplatin-induced renal injury is accompanied by the influx of inflammatory cells. Treatment with SKF-86002 significantly reduced the number of infiltrating leukocytes (Fig. 5D). The improvements in renal function and histology were not due to an inhibition of platinum uptake in the kidney by SKF-86002. The platinum content of kidneys of mice treated with cisplatin plus SKF-86002 was similar to mice treated with cisplatin plus vehicle (8,113 ± 710 vs. 9,350 ± 1,001 μg Pt/kg tissue, P > 0.05, n = 3).
SKF-86002 inhibits the upregulation of cytokine and adhesion molecule expression induced by cisplatin.
Cisplatin injection results in the upregulation of a number of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the kidney (36). Accordingly, we tested whether inhibition of p38 MAPK reduced the expression of these cytokines. Kidneys were harvested 72 h after treatment with cisplatin alone or in conjunction with SKF-86002. Cytokine and chemokine gene expression was determined by RT-PCR. TNF-α, IL-1β, MCP-1, ICAM-1, and TGF-β1 were upregulated after cisplatin injection (Fig. 6). TNF-α expression was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) by SKF-86002. Although the expression of the other genes was also reduced by SKF-86002, these differences did not reach statistical significance.
Effect of hydroxyl radical scavenger on cisplatin-induced p38 MAPK activation and nephrotoxicity.
The results presented above (Figs. 1 and 2) show an increase in p38 MAPK activity in response to cisplatin in the kidney and in a proximal tubule cell line. Because cisplatin is known to generate ROS (22, 24), and ROS can activate p38 MAPK (12, 18, 32), we examined the effect of a hydroxyl radical scavenger, DMTU, on cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction and p38 MAPK activation. Consistent with the results in Fig. 1, cisplatin caused a dose-dependent increase in p38 MAPK phosphorylation (not shown) and activity in proximal tubule cells. The addition of 20mM DMTU to TKPTS cells completely prevented p38 MAPK activation (Fig. 7). Similarly, kidneys from cisplatin-treated mice showed increased p38 MAPK activity that was completely prevented by the administration of DMTU (100 mg·kg body wt−1·day−1). DMTU also protected against cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction (Fig. 8) and histological damage (Fig. 9). Finally, DMTU markedly blunted the increase in serum TNF-α concentrations and the increase in kidney TNF-α mRNA in cisplatin-treated mice (Fig. 10). Heme oxygenase-1, known to be upregulated in cisplatin nephrotoxicity (1), was measured as a marker of oxidative stress. DMTU completely prevented the cisplatin-induced upregulation of HO-1 (Fig. 10).
Inflammatory mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of several forms of acute renal failure, including cisplatin nephrotoxicity. The production of TNF-α in response to cisplatin is a central element in renal injury (36). Inhibition or deletion of TNF-α reduces cisplatin-induced renal dysfunction, epithelial cell necrosis and apoptosis and infiltration of leukocytes (35, 36). The pathways by which cisplatin induces TNF-α production are poorly understood. p38 MAP kinase is activated in cisplatin nephrotoxicity and mediates the production of TNF-α in a number of other settings. However, the role p38 MAPK in cisplatin nephrotoxicity and in cisplatin-induced TNF-α production, in particular, is unknown. The current studies were performed to address these issues.
We determined that p38 MAPK activity is increased in response to cisplatin both in vitro and in vivo. Arany et al. (2) recently reported that cisplatin increased p38 MAPK phosphorylation in TKPTS cells, the same cells used in the present study, and in kidney of cisplatin-treated mice. Our studies, which measured actual enzyme activity in addition to phosphorylated enzyme, confirm their findings. In addition, using immunocytochemistry, we determined that p38 MAPK was activated in cells of the proximal tubule in vivo, the predominant site of cisplatin-induced injury. A significant finding of our study is that pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK resulted in a substantial reduction in cisplatin nephrotoxicity in vivo as assessed by either functional (Fig. 4) or structural (Fig. 5) parameters. These results indicate that p38 MAPK signaling contributes to cisplatin-induced renal injury in vivo. Similarly, p38 MAPK is believed to contribute to the tumorcidal activity of cisplatin in cancer cells (23). p38 MAPK activation has also been observed after renal ischemia-reperfusion (27, 29, 47) and likely plays a role in injury in that setting. Furuichi et al. (11) reported that inhibition of p38 MAPK reduced renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Similarly, brief periods of ischemia that precondition the kidney to resist subsequent ischemic injury are associated with a marked reduction in p38 MAPK activation (29). Thus p38 MAPK activation may be a common element in the mechanism of acute renal injury.
Arany et al. (2) found that inhibition of ERK, but not p38 MAPK, reduced cisplatin-induced cell death in vitro. The effects of MAPK inhibition in vivo were not examined in that study. In the present study, we focused on the role of p38 MAPK on cisplatin nephrotoxicity in vivo. It is likely that direct cytotoxicity, as studied in vitro, is only one component of a complex mechanism of renal injury in vivo (40). Therefore, our finding that p38 MAPK is involved in nephrotoxicity in vivo does not contradict the results of Arany et al. (2). Rather, p38 MAPK may be involved in other processes, such as inflammation or hemodynamic alterations, which are not recapitulated by in vitro models.
TNF-α is produced in response to cisplatin and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renal injury. Inhibition of TNF-α production or action reduces nephrotoxicity and reduces the infiltration of leukocytes within the kidney (35–37). Therefore, we examined whether the protective effect of p38 MAPK inhibition in cisplatin nephrotoxicity is associated with a reduction in TNF-α production and a reduction in renal inflammation. Indeed, we found that cisplatin led to the upregulation of both TNF-α mRNA and protein in TKPTS cells in vitro and in kidney in vivo and that p38 MAPK inhibition markedly reduced TNF-α mRNA and protein levels in both settings. Inhibition of p38 MAPK also markedly reduced the influx of inflammatory cells into the kidney. Although cisplatin is known to stimulate p38 MAPK activity in a variety of cells (30, 39, 44), and leads to Fas ligand expression in ovarian cancer cells (23), this is the first report, to our knowledge, of cisplatin stimulating TNF-α production through p38 MAPK. p38 MAPK has previously been implicated in TNF-α production after renal ischemia (11, 27) and in a murine model of lupus (15). Thus p38 MAPK may be an important mediator of TNF-α production in a variety of forms of renal injury. The mechanism whereby p38 MAPK increases TNF-α production is cell and stimulus specific. p38 MAPK has been reported to increase TNF-α production through effects on transcription, mRNA stability, and translation (10, 21, 41). Further studies will be required to determine the precise mechanism for p38 MAPK stimulation of TNF-α production in proximal tubule cells in response to cisplatin.
Oxidants are potent activators of MAPKs, including p38 MAPK (12, 18, 32). Cisplatin stimulates the production of ROS, including hydroxyl radicals. The formation of hydroxyl radicals in cisplatin-treated kidney cells, both in vitro and in vivo, involves the release of iron from the heme groups of cytochrome P-450 2E1 (22). Earlier studies by Matsushima et al. (24) showed that DMTU, a hydroxyl radical scavenger, prevented accumulation of malondialdehhyde, tubular damage, and renal dysfunction in cisplatin toxicity. In another study, DMTU reduced cisplatin-induced apoptotic cell death and the expression of death receptors (TNFR1 and Fas) and their ligands in the kidney (43). However, a possible role for p38 MAPK in that process was not examined. In the present study, we confirmed that DMTU reduced cisplatin-induced renal injury and TNF-α production. We also demonstrated that DMTU prevented the activation of p38 MAPK by cisplatin. This finding, along with the demonstration that p38 MAPK is required for cisplatin-induced TNF-α production, is consistent with the view that hydroxyl radicals stimulate p38 MAPK, which in turn, increases TNF-α production.
The mechanism whereby hydroxyl radicals activate p38 MAPK in kidney cells is not known. In macrophages, oxidant stress activates p38 MAPK via src (18). Arany et al. (2) reported recently that cisplatin-induced activation of ERK was mediated through src. Although cisplatin also stimulated p38 MAPK in that study, the effect of src inhibition on p38 MAPK activity was not reported. We believe that different mechanisms mediate the activation of p38 MAPK and ERK in response to cisplatin. In this regard, we noted that DMTU completely inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK by cisplatin (Fig. 7), but did not prevent the phosphorylation of ERK (preliminary studies). Alternatively, or in addition to src, oxidants might activate p38 MAPK via ASK1. ASK1 is a member of the MAPKKK family and activates both the p38 MAPK and the JNK signaling pathways (14). Under normal conditions, ASK1 forms an inactive complex with thioredoxin. In the presence of oxidant stress, cysteine residues of thioredoxin are oxidized, resulting in dissociation of thioredoxin from ASK1 and activation of ASK1 (25). Further studies will be required to determine the elements of the signaling pathway upstream of p38 MAPK activated in response to cisplatin.
In conclusion, we demonstrated that cisplatin stimulates TNF-α production in the kidney through a mechanism that involves the production of hydroxyl radicals and the subsequent activation of p38 MAPK. Inhibition of p38 MAPK not only reduces TNF-α production but also provides marked protection against cisplatin-induced renal injury in vivo. Inhibitors of p38 MAPK are in clinical trials (9). Accordingly, p38 MAPK may be an attractive target for the prevention of cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
This work was supported by the Veterans Affairs Medical Research Service and by National Institutes of Health Grant DK-063120. G. Ramesh is a recipient of a National Kidney Foundation Fellowship.
We thank Drs. Bello-Reuss and Megesyi for providing TKPTS cells.
The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. The article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact.
- Copyright © 2005 the American Physiological Society


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There truly isn't a Mahnke at any of the Mahnke Auto Body shops who hasn't earned their position from the ground up. In the case of Ben Mahnke, this statement is literal. Ben Mahnke was fifteen when he grabbed a shovel and began digging irrigation ditches on the Western Slope for his family's contracting business. Over the next five years, he balanced his time between High School and working his way up through the ranks in construction. While in High School, Ben won several awards, including a Regional award in DECA. He still values the DECA experience and the skills he acquired.
In 2008, Ben moved east help his cousin, Sam Mahnke, with the construction of Mahnke Auto Body Frederick. Once the shop opened, Ben was hired for a non-skilled position, but his competitive drive willed him to learn every stage, function, and aspect of the auto body industry. The excellent crew at Frederick appreciated Ben's drive and determination. They lent their support through coaching, and training, but stepped aside to allow him to learn on his own.
In five years, Ben moved from apprentice body technician, to Parts Manager, and then Production Manager. In 2014, Ben Mahnke was promoted to General Manager of Mahnke Auto Body Frederick. The shop has continued to grow and prosper under his management and the ongoing dedication of his highly trained crew. Ben says it's a win for him when customers walk in the door with so much confidence in Mahnke's quality repairs that they'd rather spend more time swapping hunting stories than discussing collision repairs. Behind the scenes, Ben is focused on continually improving Mahnke's customer service and keeping the shop in the lead of ever advancing automotive technology.


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The Walking With Dinosaurs exhibit has really made a name for itself in Harrison County since opening to the public, free of charge. The fun continued Sunday afternoon, as hundreds of spectators got to see a paleontologist in action.
When Zachary Heck was a child, he decided he wanted to be a paleontologist when he grew up. Since then, the West Virginia University geology student has never looked back.
"Numerous people have told me, 'Oh, you're going to change,' but even as a senior student in college, I have stayed the same. I just love it. I can still be a big kid. Even at the age of 40+, I can still be a kid," said Heck.
That passion for dinosaurs is what inspired Heck to serve as a mentor to hundreds of children on Sunday, as part of the "Meet a Paleontologist" event at the Harrison County Recreation Complex.
"I've just always loved teaching kids, showing kids what I've learned," said Heck.
Heck joined his mentor, paleontologist Ray Garton, to demonstrate how the matrix, or rock, is removed from a fossil.
"They were shaving off the rock of a shoulder blade. I thought that was pretty cool to see bones," said 11-year-old Dakota Cottrill.
"...Pocahontas County, most counties in the state we've found things. Not dinosaurs, but we've found ancestors of dinosaurs," said Garton.
For Harrison County Parks & Recreation, Sunday's turnout was a milestone for the "Walking With Dinosaurs" exhibit, which made its debut last month.
"We got some big numbers: 680 people have been in visiting us today to see the exhibit and meet Ray, the paleontologist, and that topped 4,000 for the event so far," said Mike Book of Harrison County Parks & Recreation.
"We've had people come in and say, they've never been to Pittsburgh, they've never been to a major museum, they've always wanted to see a dinosaur skeleton, for example...so it's just the education. We've met so many wonderful people here today, little girls who want to be paleontologists," said Garton.
Those adoring fans are what makes the preparation and hard work all worth it in the end.
"Probably the best is their smiles...seeing their smiles whenever they come up," said Heck.
"Walking With Dinosaurs" will wrap up March 30, but organizers said they've already selected next year's exhibit theme: The Ice Age.
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The Wizard of Speed and Time Trailer (1979)
21 December 1979 Fantasy, Comedy, Sci-Fi 3 mins
In the original short film, a young man in a green wizard costume runs throughout America at super speed, much like the superhero The Flash. Along the way, he gives a pretty girl a swift lift to another city, gives golden stars to other women who want a trip themselves. He then slips on a banana peel and comically crashes into a film stage, which he then brings to life in magical ways.
Watch the official The Wizard of Speed and Time 1979 trailer in HD below or find more The Wizard of Speed and Time videos on Vidimovie.


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Hi Friend,
I love to make music, but I live to make music that makes a difference. I am so proud to announce that on Friday June 27th I will be returning to The Capitol Theatre in Port Chester NY, for the second time. Last year I accomplished a dream of mine playing on that legendary stage and now I get to expand on that dream. This year I am thrilled to be co-headlingning with Duncan Sheik. Duncan is known for his top 20 single "Barely Breathing" and the Broadway sensation "Spring Awakenings" that won him 2 Tony Awards and a Grammy. So awesome, right?
The concert is open to the public and will benefit Make-A-Wish® with portion of ticket sale proceeds benefiting Make-A-Wish Hudson Valley and Make-A-Wish Connecticut. All you have to do is purchase a ticket and you are giving back….It's that easy! I've been working really hard to put this concert together and the tickets are on sale now.
Purchase tickets:
Also performing and opening up the show is New York-based artist Todd Carey who's new video "Nintendo" has close to 200,000 views. He also previously hit the top forty iTunes charts with his 2010 EP release After the Morning After. Carey has toured nationally and performed on stage with such diverse artists as Jason Mraz, John Mayer, Marc Broussard, Brendan James, Jason Reeves, Keaton Simons, Matt Duke and most recent Andy Grammar.
Being able to put on a concert and give back means the world to me. It is my WISH that you will be there and share in what will be a special night.
Much Love,
P.S My new cd "Today is the Day" will be available for the very first time on this night
P.P.S I will be performing with my 10-piece band with some of the top players from the Tri-State area. Josh Dodes (Keys), Tony Tino (Bass) Sergio Ortega (Electric Guitar) John Giamra (Drums), Tabitha Fair (Background Vocals) Shareef Clayton (Trumpet), Jonathan Arons (Trombone). They have performed and recorded with such artist as Sting, Rob Thomas, Gavin Degraw, Amy Grant, Stevie Wonder, Marc Cohen and Jon Bon Jovi.


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Resultant of General Force System
The program is based on general principle of static equilibrium of forces in a plane.
Embedded Retaining Wall Analysis
Frew enables engineers to define and solve even the most complex embedded retaining wall design problems quickly.
Ground Frost Penetration Analysis
Frost1D is a one dimensional ground frost penetration analysis program.
Manage Earthmoving Equipment in a Worksite
GAIES is a utility that manages the earthmoving equipment in a worksite. Provides optimized solution for the soil movements during the construction stage of a corridor (road, channel, railway etc) project.
Verification of Stratified Slopes
Geo-Tec B allows the verification of stratified slopes in the presence of water beds and loads.
GEO5 is a suite of programs for geotechnical analysis. The software package includes individual programs that are closely linked to each other and run in the same environment.
Analysis of a Soil-Supported Mat or a Structural Slab
GeoMat is aimed at the solution under static loading of two classes of problems encountered in structural engineering: a soil-supported mat or a soil-supported structural slab.
Design and Analyse Spread Footings
GEO. Spread will enable you to design and analyse spread footing easily, accurately, and comprehensively.
A Package for Geotechnical and Structural Engineers
GEOTEC Office is a package for geotechnical and design engineering. The package contains programs such as ELPLA, Bohr, TIEF, Geotools and more.
QuickLog, QuickCross/Fence, QuickGIS, QuickSoil
The four modules, QuickLog, QuickCross/Fence, QuickGIS, and QuickSoil are contained in one integrated application called Geotechnical Graphics or GeoGraphics for short.
Calculate Basic Volume-Mass Properties
Geotechnical Volume-Mass Calculator provides the user the ability to calculate all of the basic volume-mass (VM) properties when three VM properties are known and to graph the VM relationships of the soil.
Stability Analysis For Gravity Retaining Walls
Greta analyses the stability of a gravity retaining wall and determines the bending moments and shear forces within the wall.
Analysis of 3D Pile Groups Under Combined Loadings
GROUP has been well accepted as an useful design tool for analyzing the behavior of piles in a group subjected to both axial and lateral loadings.
Design For Survey, Town Planning & Industrial Plants And Tunneling
The largest and versatile software for survey, dtm, contouring, site development for township, tunnel, airport, irrigation, water supply projects.
Determining The Stability of a Vertical Cut (Excavation) in Soft Soil
Heave determines the stability of a vertical cut excavation in soft soils. Multiple layers, different water tables, and surcharge loads are taken into account.
HelixPile is a user friendly, modern and powerful software program for the design of helical piles.
iNovoLIQ application is designed for soil liquefaction analysis based on Idriss and Boulanger, 2014 methodology.
LateralK is a simple software for calculating lateral earth pressure coefficients and forces behind retaining walls in static and earthquake condition based on Rankine/ Coulumb formulas and also Mononobe/ Okabe methods.
Leaning Wall Engineering Design
LeanWall is a software mainly designed for the purpose of designing a concrete or masonry leaning wall.
Settlement analysis by liquefaction
Software for liquefaction analysis, Software for settlement analysis by liquefaction: Liquefaction of saturated soils (silt, sand, and gravel) during earthquakes has caused severe damage to buildings, earth embankments, dams, and bridges.
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But he told the sailors, "as all of you know, readiness is the key".
While Pence brought up the issue of reforming the five-year-old bilateral trade pact with South Korea in his previous stop, the vice president emphasized in Japan that Trump aims at reforming the tax code in the U.S.in order to boost businesses for both Washington and Tokyo. "We want to send an unambiguous message especially to north Korea that any attempt to use weapons of any kind against our allies in this region or American forces overseas will be defeated and will be met with overwhelming force", Pence said.
U.S. Vice President Mike Pence has once again pledged the Trump administration's commitment to defending its allies in Asia from North Korea and any other threats.
One of the most common refrains from Trump, Pence and Secretary of State Rex Tillerson has been "the era of strategic patience is over", referring to what was essentially a wait-and-see tactic to dealing with Pyongyang but is notoriously vague, says Neill. The term "reckless" is one the North Koreans have used to describe ongoing large-scale USA and South Korean military exercises, which the North calls a dress rehearsal for an invasion. He did not comment on what might have caused the missile to fail.
Mr Pence, whose father served in the 1950-53 Korean War, said the United States would stand by its "iron-clad alliance" with South Korea.
CNN's Dana Bash reported from on board the USS Ronald Reagan, while CNN's Joshua Berlinger reported and wrote from Hong Kong.
Asked what North Korea must do, he repeated that "all options are on the table, and there they will remain".
Speculation that the USA may have used cyber capabilities to thwart the North Korean missile test comes at a time of escalating rhetoric between the two nations.
The participants in the Trans-Pacific Partnership agreement, minus the USA, will begin talks on implementing the free trade deal in May, Japan's Deputy Prime Minister Taro Aso said in a speech in NY on Wednesday. But it remains unclear what might come next.
Behind the heated rhetoric, Trump's strategy in the region looks somewhat similar to predecessor Barack Obama's - albeit with the added unpredictability of a new president who has shown he's willing to use force.
Mr Pence said: "We will not rest and will not relent until we obtain the objective of a denuclearised Korean Peninsula".
The U.S.is trying to ratchet up pressure on North Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs.
In a press conference after his meeting with Hwang on Monday, Pence warned Pyongyang not to test the resolve, exhibited by the Trump administration in recent attacks in Syria and Afghanistan, through its continued weapons tests.
China made a plea for a return to negotiations.
Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesman Lu Kang said the situation was "highly sensitive, complicated and high risk" and all sides should "avoid taking provocative actions". Lu said Beijing wants to resume the multi-party negotiations that ended in stalemate in 2009 and suggested that USA plans to deploy a missile defense system in South Korea were damaging its relations with China.
Theresa May's call for early election 'cheap opportunism'
The Liberal Democrats attacked the Prime Minister's decision to rule out taking part in televised debates ahead of the election. May will be going into the election holding 330 of the 650 seats in the House of Commons, with a working majority of 17.
Chasing Plan for World Hurdle Winner Thistlecrack
However, this is perhaps not the route to go for punters who are again looking to beat the bookmakers, with the Supreme Novices' Hurdle the perfect example.
Investors Target Premier League Clubs Due to Rising Profits
A further estimate shows that the operating profits of the clubs could double to reach a cumulative one billion in the end. Dan Jones, the report editor, expressed that Premier League clubs have reached a turning point with such an achievement.


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The Sagrada Familia Magic Square Designed by Josep Subirachs
Dedicated to the Passion, the façade facing the setting sun of the Sagrada Familia consists of numerous scenes. The Passion façade, which is opposite of the Nativity façade (on the Northeast side), shares the events leading up to the crucifixion and resurrection of Christ. Each scene, along with its surrounds, display details and symbols which provide the viewer with an overabundance of information to notice.
One of these symbolic details involves an altered magic square. In the scene, portraying the kiss of Judas, a 4×4 grid of numbers is positioned on the wall behind the two embraced figures. Although not a true magic square because the grid contains the duplicate numbers of 10 and 14, it does consist of a magic constant. The number 33, representing the years of Christ's life, can be found by adding any row, column, or diagonal from the square.
Magic squares have long been known to hold a mystical and magical significance. Since the earliest recognized 3×3 Lo Shu Magic Square (dating back to ancient China), magic squares have captured the interest of many. The balance, represented by odd and even numbers arranged in numerical tables, illustrates the timeless value and unity of opposites. Certain properties of the squares are then used to create amulets or talismans, and are believed to divulge deeper meanings.
One of the first magic squares depicted in art was the 4×4 square of Albrecht Durer in his Melencolia I. Many note similarities of Subirachs' square to Durer's square. Filled with numbers 1 through 16, the Durer Square demonstrates the magic constant, 34, thirteen different ways. Even though, row, column, and diagonal are the only necessary sums for considering it a magic square, Durer's square continues to amuse with corners, quadrants, central, top centers with bottom centers, and so on.
Subirachs' square consists of many of these same features. However, Subirachs chose to create a square with the magic sum of 33. To fashion such a square, four of Durer's cell numbers are reduced by one and rotated 180 degrees. The numbers 12 and 16 become 11 and 15, while 11 and 15 become 10 and 14. Numbers 12 and 16 are therefore missing from the square, while 10 and 14 have become duplicated.
One of the reasons given for this alteration is to symbolize the age of Jesus at the time of the Passion; 33. Interestingly, the first scene of the Passion facade, which also involves Judas, includes a verse from John- 13:27; 'what you are about to do, do quickly'. This verse refers to Judas. Could the duplicating numbers of the magic square suggest the verse John 10:14? Could a secret message to be hidden here? Jesus says in John 10:14; "I am the good shepherd; I know my sheep and my sheep know me."
Jesus knew Judas would betray him. He knew who his followers were and were not. Considering the balance characterized by Magic Squares, one may also want to keep in mind the Nativity façade on the opposite side. The scene in the opposite position of the kiss of Judas scene (displaying the square) depicts shepherds and sheep. Does this support the existence of a deeper meaning for the magic square?The magic square is also included on the central door of the Passion facade. If the message is intended, one may wonder if a connection to the scenes and the verse to the door is to be found. Could it imply something similar to the story told about Alexander the Great coming to the gates of Paradise?
Luke 13: 24-25 shares the story of the Narrow door; "Make every effort to enter through the narrow door, because many, I tell you, will try to enter and will not be able to. Once the owner of the house gets up and closes the door, you will stand outside knocking and pleading, 'Sir, open the door for us.' But he will answer, 'I don't know you or where you come from.'"
As John 10:14 speaks of, I know my sheep, the similarity is worth pondering.
The Sagrada Familia is an absolute amazing structure. Construction began in 1883 and is planned on not being completed until 2025. With the amount of time dedicated to the immense building, one can only imagine, more than just a few secrets, are being represented in its design.
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Turnberry Ocean Colony #PH3404 for Sale
16047 Collins Ave and 16051 Collins Ave, Sunny Isles Beach, FL 33160
$5,200,000 4 bds • 4.5 ba • 3,735 sqft
Off-Market Please contact us to make an offer
- 2015 Taxes: $63,274
- Monthly Association Fee
- Learn more about Turnberry Ocean Colony
Unique Penthouse rarely available with customized architectural layout creates ultimate luxury! Spacious 4 bed, 4.5 bath featuring direct ocean and western views. White Thassos marble floors in common areas merge with Brazilian cherry wood in bedrooms. Smart Home with Crestron system controls audio, video, lighting, HVAC, motorized shades and blackouts. Top of the line features include dazzling powder room with Maya Romanoff mural and leather wrapped sink. For the buyer who desires only the finest.
Key Features Unit #PH3404
- View: Intracoastal View,Ocean View,Direct Ocean
- Parking: Valet Parking
- Pets: Yes-Restrictions Or Possible Restrictions
- Waterfront Property: Yes
- Waterfront Description: Ocean Access,Ocean Front
- Water Access: Deeded Beach Access
- Furnished: Unfurnished
- Equipment/Appliance: Dishwasher,Dryer,Fire Alarm,Microwave,Electric Range,Refrigerator,Smoke Detector,Wall Oven,Washer
- Floor: Marble Floors,Wood Floors
- Cooling: Central Cooling,Electric Cooling
- Heating: Central Heat,Electric Heat
- Other: All Amenities
- Exterior Features: Open Balcony
Floor Plan Unit #PH3404
|Apt No
|Interior ft2 (m2)
|Exterior ft2 (m2)
|4 / 6.5+ Den, Family Rm., Staff Rm.
|3735 (347.0)
|745 (69.2)
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A Judgement In Stone at Churchill Theatre
A star-studded cast featuring former Coronation Street actor Andrew Lancel, boy band star Antony Costa and Heartbeat actress Sophie Ward tread the boards in the Classic Thriller Theatre Company's adaptation of Ruth Rendell's best-selling tale of cold-blooded murder. Directed by Roy Marsden.
Venue Details & Map
The Churchill Theatre Bromley
- Address
High StreetBromleyKentBR1 1HA
- Telephone:
- +44 (0)20 8464 7131


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Area: Kosciusko City School
Bedrooms: 3
Bathrooms: 2.5
Square Feet: 2571
Lot Size: 6 acres
Utility Room: Yes - Large
Age: 19
Heating / AC: Central Heat and Air
Roof: 2 yrs
Taxes: 2592.54
Carport: Double Garage
Fireplace: Yes
Fence/Pool: No
Porch / Patio / Deck: Large Deck
Appliances: Stove, Microwave, Dishwasher, Disposal
Comments: You will want to look at this beautiful home situated on 6 wooded acres. It's located on the edge of the city limits but you feel that you are in the country. It features a formal living-dining room combination, large den with fireplace and bookshelves, 3 bedrooms, 2.5 baths, sunroom, breakfast area, nice kitchen and a large utility room. The home has a large deck over looking the wooded back area and also features a 2400 plus square foot metal building with 2 large roll up doors. The building is heated and has a restroom. More land may be available that joins this property. This is definitely country living inside the city and a place you will enjoy for years to come. Call today to preview this property.


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Citi, a leading global finance company, is looking for young, bright and intelligent undergraduates to join its 2017 summer internship programme in Nigeria.
About the Award: Citi's success is driven by its exceptional people; their passion, dedication and entrepreneurship. It will be people like you who will shape its future. Citi's summer internship programme is a four week (3th – 28th July 2017) intensive program which provides successful applicants with a birds-eye view of the workings of a global company.
If you are smart, creative thinker with high ethical standards, your place is here!
Eligibility: All candidates must:
• Be currently enrolled in a university with a minimum CGPA (cumulative grade point average) of 3.5/5 or 70%
• Have completed their 2nd year of university and not be in their final year
• Possess good communication/interpersonal skills and able to work in a team
Exceptional candidates who do not meet these criteria may be considered for the role provided they have the necessary skills and experience.
Duration of Internship: four weeks (3th – 28th July 2017)
How to Apply: Short listed candidates will be required to complete a mandatory essay (within one week of receiving subject topics)
To apply
Submit a CV, covering letter, copy of ID and up-to-date transcript of academic results.
Post: Citi careers link to be advised.
Applications are open 27th March to 21st April 2017.
Visit Internship Webpage for details
Award Provider: Citibank


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*The long-awaited rap battle between Kanye West, as his animated alter-ego Kenny West, and Cleveland Brown Jr., the son of Fox's cartoon star Cleveland Brown, finally went down on Sunday's episode of "The Cleveland Show" …and it did not disappoint.
Of course the battle is over a girl. Instead of going after Junior with his fists, Kenny West opts to beat him instead with his lyrics. But Cleveland Jr. has something for the cocky MC.
Watch the clip below.


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Black Church, Inc. Trailer (2014)
"Prophets for Profit." 20 June 2014 Factual
Black Church, Inc. is an investigative documentary that examines the excess of the black church and its present day relationship with serving the community. The documentary compares the black church's origins to its modern day cultural relevance. The film focuses on modern mega-churches and asks questions about service vs. the extravagant lifestyles of its million dollar ministers and ministries.
Watch the official Black Church, Inc. 2014 trailer in HD below or find more Black Church, Inc. videos on Vidimovie.


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Brain Drain - Brain Circulation or... What Else Happens or Should Happen to the Brains Some Aspects of Qualified Person Mobility/Migration
The article provides a general introductory overview of the (spatial) mobility of highly skilled/qualified persons and discusses the different terms of the mobility of the Highly Skilled, especially those of scientists. It outlines theoretical and empirical aspects of these movements and delineates the drain of European talent to the U.S., especially the outflow of scientists and researchers who contribute considerably to the U.S. innovation system. Further, it takes a closer look at outward mobility in the former socialist countries in Europe, especially in South Eastern Europe, in the period before and after the fall of the Iron Curtain. Finally, the article outlines general policy options in dealing with the mobility of the Highly Qualified.
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| Postal: FIW Project Office Austrian Institute of Economic Research Arsenal Objekt 20 A-1030 Vienna
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First Tutors enables you to find a local citizenship tutor in Totnes and anywhere in the UK. Home citizenship tuition is an excellent way to improve confidence while increasing grades and doesn't have to be boring! Please use our service to search for Totnes citizenship tutors and select the one who best fits your requirements.
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April 1, 2017 - North Middle School Auditorium
N88 W16750 Garfield Drive Menomonee Falls, WI, 53051
Featuring a guest appearance by the Jazz Ensemble and Pops String Orchestra as well as Menomonee Fall's own Alana Woodall and Zach Schickert!
Scroll to bottom to order your tickets!
In Living Color! is written by Robert Dietz (arranger for NBC's The Sing Off!) and choreographed by Broadway professionals Chad Schiro (Bye Bye Birdie, Urban Cowboy) and Kristine Bendul (Cinderella, Movin' Out). With more than sixty "colorful" songs from timeless legends like Judy Garland and Eslvis Presley to such current pop icons as Beyoncé and Bruno Mars, audience members will enjoy every minute of this high energy production. Kids of all ages will laugh out loud as Kermit, Miss Piggy, and even Ghostbusters' Slimer takes the stage. Wisconsin Singers Band rocks the house with great jazz tunes and a tribute to eighties pop music. Badger fans won't want to miss the Singers' rendition of the Fifth Quarter where audiences sing "Varsity" and dance to "Tequila," "Jump Around," and "Hey Baby."
Tickets can be purchased below or by calling 608.886.6801.


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"I have always found that if I move with seventy-five percent or more of the facts that I usually never regret it. It's the guys who wait to have everything perfect that drive you crazy."
Related quotes
"The fact that a believer is happier than a skeptic is no more to the point than the fact than a drunken man is happier than a sober one"
"We cannot change our past. We can not change the fact that people act in a certain way. We can not change the inevitable. The only thing we can do is play on the one string we have, and that is our attitude."


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Coleman Galileo 4 Tent
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The Coleman Galileo 4 Tent is a spacious and versatile tunnel tent that has plenty of living space and ventilation to offer you a fantastic tent for going enjoying a camping trip with family and friends this year!
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Case XX Tiny Toothpick Knife Havest Orange Bone Handles
Welcome To Ward's Knife Company This is Ward's Knife Co. we are offering some great deals on knives on the E-bay auction and the E-bay store. We accept many different forms of payment such as:Paypal,Visa,Mastercard and Discover card's personal checks and money orders. Winning bidder is expected to make payment within 7 days after auction closes. Please mail checks and money orders to L.V. Ward 11785 E. Lee Hwy. Lenoir City,TN 37771. Thank you again for shopping! *Also Take a Look At My E-bay Stores By Clicking ----> * is a Case xx Tiny Texas Toothpick Knife. Knife Measures 3 in long closed,packaged in the original Case XX factory box ,this knife has 1 Tru-Sharp Surgical steel Clip blade,Pattern # 610096- SS,Item #07400 with Genuine Pocket Worn Harvest Orange Bone bandles, knife features a Oval shield. *Hand Crafted by W.R Case & Sons Cutlery Co. Bradford PA. U.S.A, " MINT CONDITION "
This is a new Knife never been used, sharpened or carried.Knife has 1 Tru-Sharp Surgical Steel Blade.This Knife has Genuine Nickel silver Bolsters, Brass Pins and liners,Tang has Case XX - 4 X's 2006 Year Stamp.* BIDDING START AT $9.99 THANKS FOR BIDDING*
*You Can't Let This Offer Pass you By*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ... read more


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Johannesburg - Zimbabwean farmer Henry Jackson has been praying for the health of the land commissioner who ordered him to leave his farm, according to a report on Thursday.Jackson first drew attention in May this year, with the conciliatory stance with which he reacted to aggressive attempts to evict him from his farm.On Facebook earlier this week, Jackson said he had heard that the land commissioner, a Mr Shoko, had had a light stroke, and that when he heard about it, he felt that God wanted him to say a prayer.He went to Shoko's office, where he was ushered into a room to see the commissioner, who was seated at a table with 12 other people, reported Beeld newspaper.Jackson told Shoko that he had heard about his illness, and asked if he could pray for him.After Shoko agreed, Jackson placed his hands on him and asked God to heal his illness, after which Shoko reportedly said, "Thank you, Mr Jackson, and may God bless you."Jackson said on Wednesday that it looked as though the farm eviction issue could still be resolved in his favour.The man who was supposed to take over his farm has not been seen for weeks.According to the original agreement, Jackson was given a three month period to leave his farm, of which one month still remains.
Beat them with kindness.
My Opinion? Land for everyone, black, white, pink or blue. Why not co-exit? Lets share. Problem in Zimbabwe was that a singe farmer would own 4 or 5 farms (An example of G. Knot from Mberengwa - Unfortunately he lost all) and not willing to let go of even just one and that angered the old man. If this man has one farm, I pray that no one touch his land. He has the right to farm it. Its his only.....
Mat 5:44 But I say unto you, Love your enemies, bless them that curse you, do good to them that hate you, and pray for them which despitefully use you, and persecute you;
@ Mkanya
precisely the problem..one farmer holding on to multiple farms..if u've been to Zim, u'll notice farms along the national roads lying free of crops or stock, since the 70's , and every 50 to 60 km's u'll find game in small pockets..The british did not abide by their promises made in the late 70's of sharing land at the end iof the 80's , hence the frustration attempted nationalisation..yes the farmers feed the nation, but they cannot hold on to 98% of the land that was stolen from the natives during the colonial era..this only forces them to hold a gun to the head of the govt. and black population..the white population needs to learn the secret word of "SHARE," but i would'nt bet on that.
@dawood *hug*
A farmer myself, I think you guys oversimplify the one farm or many farm scenario. I'm a one farm man, happy with what I have. (Its a small farm) I do however depend on the bigger guys - they are the only ones who can afford to build packhouses, have big trucks to transport, and create markets for our produce as they have enough volume to interest buyers. So before you have first hand experience of farming reality, don't make demands which if achieved hurt the smaller farmers as well. We are inter dependant. I am happy to live without managing huge labour forces, spending 90% of my time in the office, hence I don't envy the bigger guys. Perhaps there are instances where some of them are more able to contribute their some of their land to black development - but why would they do this when they see the absolute failure of the 1000's of hectares of land already transferred into black hands? It certainly currently does not seem logical for them to give away land that is then never utilised. All that happens is their employees lose their jobs. That makes no sense?
@ Chum Scrubber. I totally agree with what you are saying. I myself being black and one of the few privileged ones whose family owned a large farm since colonial times, I have seen the trials and tribulations of being an African commercial farmer, access to loans for inputs is particularly difficult since there is no history of wealth for these people to back up their applications. Another thing, when are these so called black farmers ever going to ready if we keep on saying they are not ready and farms are lying ideal, now or never, why wait for two more generations? The Zim problem was two sided from the beginning, farmers (white) who were too ignorant to notice the brewing problem around them for 30 years after independence, secondly, a government which supported that status until they realised they can win votes by carrying a chaotic land redistribution programme. Farmers and government were supposed to get together, give up some land before people really did notice how much they had, government was to empower these people, way before they settled on that land. Kudos to the farmer who prayed for the bureaucrat
I like the humbleness of the Zim farmers, the same cannot be said here, where farm workers are being ill treated and famers refusing land reform, If i was a farmer I would aproach the land Department for a settlement of on the farm before January 2013.
Do you work on a farm or only imagine hate...more than likely the latter..give them farms to start new aquater camps...thats all that will happen...90 percent of poeple in the Homelands dont even subsistence farm...sou what are they going to do with a commercial farm...i understand land is an issue but the goverment is not doing enough and the yl are only promoting racial tension.
I understand from whence come your sentiments - but you generalise too far to make a valid debate.
I hope we see more incentives for SA farmers (black and white) to start / do more agricultural training and co-operative schemes. ie. Impart skills, knowledge and advice before unwilling sale of their land.
I hope we hear JZ tell the traditional rural land owners AGAIN to start using their land more productively. (As he recently did).
I hope we see the govt set up skills, knowledge and management criteria for anyone / any 'kibbutz group' who wants to own a farm.
You see Tumisang - I'm all for transformation, but I also like my food very much - and do not want to go hungry as we would with your suggestion. Farming is a skilled hard, hard road PASSION, and probably more difficult than e.g. salaried municipal work - where we see great service failure in the hands of the unprepared.
Farmers refusing reform? Where exactly have you encountered this tumisang - most of my experience is of the will of farmers being rejected by a corrupt and inept government. One thing this government hates is a constructive way of creating a black farming community, if the so called land issue is resolved, they will lose a very useful political tool. This government is uninterested in helping establish black farmers - and its reasons for this are quite simply, devious.
I wish you would read Farmers Weekly to try to get an idea of reality instead of just making assumptions.
@DEE..I will like to say this to you Maam.You are the only South African i respect on this forum.You are always unbiased ,kind and objective in your comments.If only the other South Africans reason like you ,this country will be a better place.May GOD give you long life and prosperity and may your family remain blessed as you spread your word of love and unity in the New SA.You are my inspiration.
SO what do you do with the Land, World Bank "The ave African Farmer can't feed himself" Zim unemployment 95% GDP $700 pp pa. Mostly German Aid money} Used to be $10,000. Sorce CIA factbook.
if famers are refusing land reform in south africa.it is because of the laxity of africans towards aryans still holding our land.china;india;uganda etc did not push aryans off thier land through negotiation but use of absolute force.you dont negotiate with them for the only language they hear is force.they have put dawn mechanisms to ruine the economy .if you want to push them out.so even before taking the decesion to push them out.we must be ready to face the consequences.AFRICA NEED a more radical approach when we are dealing with them.it is inadmissible african people are landless in africa .while thoes who massacred our ancestors hold our land.we can not be free from the crocodiles mouth without scares.if we do not do this now.future generations have no chance infront of aryan ferocity.
I see Jesus has returned as the "bible" said.
zaathiest, give it a rest. Same old stream of hate.
zaatheist why not just shut up!!!!
zaatheist- If you want to advertise your ignorance , why dont you approach one of the newspapers
zaatheist - don't be doff, it is the action more than the prayer that has an affect - even an atheist praying for his enemy would affect the behaviour of the enemy in many circumstances. It is a show of goodwill, and attempt to pull at the guys conscience.
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Hatred of what may I ask?
Advertise what may I ask?
SO you agree that praying achieves nothing insofar as a godly intervention is concerned but that by implying there is a god to a god believer and that you are praying to the imaginary god will prick his conscience?
I fail to see the point. Either you forgive him or you don't. The prayer threat is just nonsense.
They still going to take it no matter what.Unfortunately you were born as a white person and that will never be tolerated.
Oh sweet what a good Christian man. How about this, If you want to be perfect, go and sell all your possessions and give the money to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven - Matthew 19:21
hahahahahahaha ahahahahah ahahahah
Christians have always simply picked and chosen which parts of the bible to observe and which do not to suit their preconceived notions of what they think a religion should be?
did the book of mathew existe when aryans where eracing indians from what we now call america?did it existe when aryans where throwing africans into the sea alive in azania or south africa?do aryans suffer from crunic amnesia?
maybe because his previous prayers weren't answered he is hoping for the same result here?
Zaatheist is quiet sad I must say. If u don't believe, that's ur issue. Leave us and our God and prayers alone. Thank you
If you publicly post prayers and bible quotes, then publicly it can be mocked for what it is. If you don't like it, keep your religion to yourself.
Are u zaatheist. Thank you!
If u don't like what I post! By all means ignore me
I'm Zaatheist, here to tell you that your god does not exist. Sad, I know, to learn something you hold so dear is a fraud, a con on a massive scale.
A little advice: Anytime someone tells you that a man is God, don't believe them. A man isn't God. Even if He existed 2,000 years ago. It's still a guy, no different than Applewhite, Jones, Koresh or even Manson for that matter.
Tell me my precious. Is your Jesus a white guy with his head in a yellow light bulb who wandered around unnoticed in the Middle East 2000 years ago doing magic tricks?
Divine intervention right there...we thank God.
Where? I can't see anything?


text: On Sun, Apr 19, 2009 at 02:19, Michael Schmitz <email@example.com> wrote: >> > So, I tryed to pull out a m68k-v18.104.22.168 from git, but appearantly there is no >> > such thing. So¸ it is probably to add the "Disable GRO on legacy netif_rx >> > path" patch (in posting above) to the v2.6.29 branch, no? >> >> Usually I do not track stable myself, that's a distributor's issue ;-) >> But I gave it a try, and did: >> >> git remote add stable >> git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux-2.6-stable.git >> git remote update >> git merge v18.104.22.168 >> >> (git merge stable/linux-2.6.29.y should have worked, too) >> and pushed the result to m68k-v2.6.29. However, I don't know if I >> should keep on doing >> this for each stable release, as you can easily do it yourself, >> without having to wait for me. > > But it's so much easier if you do it :-) With that description, there's no > reason why it could not be done by someone else, though. I don't think there is > enough demand for a stable m68k kernel git tree to warrant that extra tree. It > would be a matter of setting up a separate git repository, right? Yep. >> Furthermore, it complicates the process of extracting patches for e.g. >> the Debian kernel, >> unless I would rebase the m68k-v2.6.29 branch on top of the latest >> stable version. >> But I prefer not to rebase long-lived branches like the stable branch. >> >> What do people think? > > I think a distributor, i.e. Debian will pick up the patch in question as part of > the generic bugfixes anyway. Having it appear a second time as part of the m68k > patches would make things harder, really. Indeed. And now I pulled stable into m68k-v2.6.29, `git format-patch v2.6.29' will give you the patches between .29 and .29.1, too. > Don't rebase m68k-v2.6.29 unless absolutely necessary, please. Gr{oetje,eeting}s, Geert -- Geert Uytterhoeven -- There's lots of Linux beyond ia32 -- firstname.lastname@example.com In personal conversations with technical people, I call myself a hacker. But when I'm talking to journalists I just say "programmer" or something like that. -- Linus Torvalds