text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 4, 1994
|Filing date
|Mar 17, 1992
|Priority date
|Mar 17, 1992
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Shie Oian, Dapang Chen
|Original Assignee
|National Instruments, Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (4), Non-Patent Citations (8), Referenced by (28), Classifications (5), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material to which the claim of copyright protection is made. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by any person of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office file or records, but reserves all other rights whatsoever.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to digital signal processing; and more particularly, to machines and methods for determining characteristics of signals having frequency components that vary in time.
2. Description of the Related Art
Typical systems for digital signal processing involve conversion of an input analog signal to a sequence of digital samples, supplying blocks of the digital samples in the sequence to a digital signal processing engine which performs array or block level computations on the digital signals, and analyzing the results of the computations. This field is rapidly expanding in the areas of speech processing, image recognition for radar and sonar, underwater acoustics, and other technologies.
The discrete Fourier transform DFT and fast Fourier transform FFT implementation of the DFT, are fundamental processing techniques in digital signal processing systems. These techniques suffer the limitation that they do not characterize signals being processed in terms of how frequency components vary in time very well.
Prior art systems for analyzing signals with frequency components that vary in time have used the so-called short time Fourier transform STFT. This algorithm is based on a computationally intensive Fourier transform of a large number of short windows of the input signal. Transforms of each of the short time windows are combined to generate a time varying spectrum of the input signal. However, time varying spectra generated using the STFT technique do not have very good resolution. Also, the STFT technique is computationally expensive.
The Gabor transform is another digital signal processing tool which generates a joint time-frequency representation of a signal. See, D. Gabor, "Theory of Communication", J.IEE (London), Vol. 93, No. III, November, 1946, pp. 429-457. Its applications, however, have been limited primarily due to the difficulty of selecting the biorthogonal auxiliary window function γ. Recently, a framework for designing the auxiliary function γ for the finite and cyclic discrete Gabor transform has been developed. See, Wexler, et al., "Discrete Gabor Expansions", Signal Processing, Vol. 21, No. 3, November, 1990, pp. 207-221. In many signal processing applications, however, the finite, cyclic Gabor transform is not adequate. The lack of a general solution for the infinite discrete Gabor transform has limited the usefulness of this digital processing technique, and it has not been applied successfully to creating time-varying energy spectra. See, Qian, et al., "Wigner Distribution Decomposition and Cross-Term Interference Cancellation", UMBC Technical Report No. EER-91-1, University of Maryland, January, 1991.
The present invention provides a signal analyzer for generating a time varying spectrum for input signals characterized by frequency components which change in time. The invention can also be characterized as a method for analyzing a signal based on the time varying spectrum.
Thus, according to a first aspect, the present invention comprises a signal analyzer which includes a converter generating a sequence of digital signals representative of an input signal. The sequence of digital signals is supplied to a first processor which computes orthogonal-like discrete Gabor transform coefficients Cm,n in response to the sequence, and a time varying spectrum, termed herein the Gabor spectrum, of the input signal energy in response to the coefficients. Finally, a second processor processes the spectrum for further analysis or display. One particular analysis step for which the time varying spectrum is useful is in partitioning the input signal into separate components. The separate components may then be individually analyzed using any of a variety of techniques.
The first processor includes an input buffer which receives the incoming sequence of digital signals, and supplies those signals in a format appropriate for computation of the coefficients in response to a buffer controller. Similarly, the processor includes an output buffer, which stores a matrix of values representative of the time varying spectrum, in coordination with the processor engine.
The digital signal processor is programmed to compute the coefficients and the time varying spectrum either by a hardware implementation, or software control of a generic processor. The routine is based on the following steps:
acquiring a sequence of digital signals representative of the input signal;
sampling the sequence of digital signals to define a plurality of windows of length L, each window in the plurality including a plurality of digital signals and shifted by length AM digital signals relative to an adjacent window;
computing orthogonal-like discrete Gabor transform coefficients Cm,n in sampling intervals ΔN and ΔM, for n=0 through N-1 for each window m, and for the plurality of windows m=0 through M-1, such that ΔNΔM is less than L;
computing the time-varying spectrum of energy of the input signal in response to the coefficients Cm,n ; and
analyzing the input signal in response to the time-varying spectrum.
The orthogonal-like discrete Gabor transform coefficients are computed using a non-periodic, localized discrete window function h, and a discrete auxiliary function γ, similar to h. The time varying spectrum is computed utilizing a cross-term deleted Wigner-Ville distribution.
According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the discrete window function h is a gaussian function having a variance σ2 less than or equal to about 0.5 (L/12)2, where L is a window length used in the computations.
In yet another aspect of the invention, the spectrum is computed utilizing a look-up table of pre-computed factors used in an energy distribution function based on the coefficients. For each coefficient, an update region around the coefficient on the spectrum is determined in response to the magnitude of the coefficient. The energy distribution is then computed within the update regions for each coefficient. The lookup table of pre-computed factors is calculated having a size sufficient to cover the update region of the coefficient having the maximum magnitude. In this way, a look-up table of determinant size can be utilized with a given Gabor spectrum engine.
The signal analyzer and method according to the present invention are particularly useful for signals characterized by frequency components which change in time, such as encountered in speech processing, acoustic or electromagnetic communications, acoustic or electromagnetic surveillance, radar, sonar, and a variety of other signal processing environments. For instance, the ability to identify the beginning and ending in time of a signal having a certain frequency spectrum, among a complex group of signals, such as might be encountered when a specific person begins speaking in a room with other persons present, is greatly improved by the Gabor spectrum signal analyzer and method provided by the present invention.
Other aspects and advantages of the present invention can be seen upon review of the figures, the detailed description, and the claims which follow.
FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a signal analyzer according to the present invention.
FIGS. 2A and 2B are a flow chart of the method for computing the Gabor spectrum according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 illustrates the construction of frames of digital signals used in the computation of the Gabor spectrum.
FIG. 4 is a heuristic diagram illustrating the sampling distribution used in the computation of the Gabor spectrum.
FIG. 5 is an example of an update region used for computation of the energy distribution for the Gabor spectrum according to the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a more detailed block diagram of a signal analyzer for generation of the Gabor spectrum according to the present invention.
FIGS. 7A and 7B are graphs of a frequency hopper signal and a noisy hopper signal, respectively, representative of an input signal having frequency components which vary in time.
FIGS. 8A and 8B are graphs of the Gabor spectrum generated in one application of the present invention from the input signals of FIGS. 7A and 7B, respectively.
FIG. 9 is a graph of the localized window function h and the discrete auxiliary function γ used in one application of the signal analyzer of the present invention.
A detailed description of preferred implementations of the present invention is provided with respect to the figures.
In FIG. 1, a heuristic block diagram of a signal analyzer according to the present invention is provided. The analyzer, generally referred to by the reference number 10, includes an analog to digital converter 11, a digital signal processor 12, a control module 13 coupled to the digital signal processor, a Gabor spectrum analyzer 14, and a display system 15. An input s(t) is supplied from a transducer or other source on line 16. The analog to digital converter 11 generates a sequence of digital values s(i) representative of the input signal s(t). A sequence s(i) is supplied to the digital signal processor 12. The digital signal processor may be implemented using a general purpose computer programmed to perform the DSP functions, or a special DSP engine adapted for this purpose. The digital signal processor 12 performs a discrete Gabor transformation DGT to compute the Gabor coefficients for the input signal s(i), and computes an energy distribution in time and frequency based on a cross-term deleted Wigner-Ville distribution PWDV in response to the coefficients. The energy distribution GS(i,k) is supplied at the output of the digital signal processor 12 on line 17. The energy distribution GS(i,k) is analyzed in a Gabor spectrum analyzer 14 to generate a graphic representation of the energy distribution for supply to the display 15. Also, the Gabor spectrum analyzer 14 may perform other analysis functions, such as partitioning the input signal into components in time for use in speech processing, communications, image recognition, or other purposes. The spectrum analyzer 14 may be a programmed general purpose computer, or a specialized system designed for this purpose. The analyzer 14 may be implemented on the same processor as the digital signal processor 12.
The control block 13, in one preferred embodiment, comprises a computer program, such as provided in Appendix A.
The program shown in Appendix A is one example of a source code routine written for LABVIEW (trademark of National Instruments, Inc.) instrumentation software system. Obviously a wide variety of other source code implementations could be utilized.
Appendix A consists of three routines including GaborSpectrum.c, GaborMagnitude.c, and autoWV.c. The GaborSpectrum.c sets up the data for the computation of the Gabor coefficients. The user is able to initialize the routine by selecting parameters such as the oversampling rate, the variance, and the window length for computing the spectrum. More details concerning these parameters is described below. The GaborSpectrum.c routine calls the GaborMagnitude.c routine which calculates the complex Gabor coefficients and supplies as outputs the magnitude of the coefficients for use in computing the Gabor spectrum. The routine autoWV.c calculates the energy distribution in response to the coefficients and supplies the Gabor spectrum output.
Basically, the Gabor spectrum algorithm consists of the following steps 1-8.
Select a window length L. In one implementation, the value L is always a power of two. For instance, L=64, 128, 256, 512, . . . , etc. After L is determined, the frequency resolution is also determined by ##EQU1## where fs is the sampling frequency of the converter.
L =128 or L=256 is suitable for a typical speech processing application.
Select an oversampling rate. The oversampling rate is decided by ##EQU2## where ΔM is the time-domain increment, and
ΔN is the frequency domain increment.
(mΔM, nΔN), where m goes 0 to (SL/ΔM-1), where SL is the sample length, and n goes from 0 to (L/ΔN-1), are the coordinates where a gaussian function is found in the Gabor transform. FIG. 4 illustrates the location of coefficients Cm,n in a Gabor transform algorithm. The oversampling rate of 4 is preferred, though other values are possible. The bigger the oversampling rate, the more computation you must do. An oversampling rate of four has proven to be a good compromise between resolution of the output spectrum and the amount of computation required.
Select ΔM and ΔN such that ##EQU3##
In the implementation of Appendix A, when L=128, we chose ΔM=8 and ΔN=4 though other choices may be quite suitable as well. The selection of ΔM and ΔN determine the resolution of the Gabor spectrum in the time and frequency coordinates, respectively.
Given L, ΔM, and ΔN, the variance value σ2 for the window function can be determined by ##EQU4##
This ensures a localized gaussian function for the window function h. A larger variance can be used for better frequency domain resolution. A smaller variance can be used for better time domain resolution.
Given L and σ2, the gaussian window function h[L] is given, and the discrete auxiliary function γ[L] may be determined as shown in Appendix B, such that γ is similar to h in terms of least squares error. In a preferred system, γ and h are non-overlapping at the limits of the indexed region. Example auxiliary function γ[L] and window function h[L] are shown in FIG. 9.
Steps 1-5 are preliminary steps. The actual spectrum calculation is done from Step 6 on.
FIG. 3 shows how a continuous signal is discretized and how the current algorithm is applied to a sequence of L point frames of the discrete signal s(i). Once the L-points of a frame are acquired, the magnitudes of Gabor coefficients for the L-points are computed by ##EQU5## where * indicates complex conjugate
s(i)=0 for i<0
m=-L/ΔM+1, -L/ΔM+2, . . . , 0, 1, 2, . . .
n=0, 1, 2, . . . , N-1 ##EQU6##
W.sub...sup.-nΔNi =e.sup.-2πnΔNi/L (6)
The quantity of mΔM shows how the input data are used. The following examples illustrate this process.
m=-L/ΔM+1, s(-L+ΔM), s(-L+ΔM+1), . . . , s(ΔM-1) are used
m=0, s(0), s(1) . . . , s(L-1) are used;
m=1, s(ΔM), s(ΔM+2), . . . , s(ΔM+L-1) are used;
m=2, s(2ΔM), s(2ΔM+2), . . . , s(2ΔM+L-1) are used;
In general, s(mΔM), s(mΔM+1), . . . , s(mΔM+L-1) are used.
In each time, the coefficients Cm,n are computed where n=0, 1, . . . , N-1.
As can be seen, this computation has the form of a sequence of FFT computations.
After the coefficients Cm,n are computed for s(i), the spectrum of the signal can be computed by using the cross-term deleted Wigner-Ville Distribution. Note that the Gabor coefficients Cm,n are sparsely located, a complete reconstruction of the spectrum requires the interpolation of the points between the coefficients Cm,n. After deleting the cross-term interference in a Wigner-Ville Distribution, the signal energy can be computed by ##EQU7##
For each Gabor coefficient |Cm,n | at (mΔM, nΔN), the spectrum value GSs (i,k) is computed by the formula in Step 7 and accumulated with the previous value of GSs (i,k). That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the energy at point (i,k) is the accumulated contribution from the distributions of coefficients C22, C21, C31, and C32, and possibly others. Using the computer language expression, such accumulation can be expressed as ##EQU8##
The constant "4" in equation (8) is a normalization factor that can vary according to a particular application. Because the term ##EQU9## decreases rapidly when the point (i,k) is away from the Gabor coefficient at (mΔM, nΔN), the iteration in this step may be limited to a very small region around the point (mΔM, nΔN). The exact size region can be adjusted for applications. Also, the above exponential term need not be computed every time. It can be precomputed and stored in a look-up table.
A key problem of computing the spectrum is to decide when to stop, or the size of the update region. Because the energy contributions of Cm,n to its neighboring points exponentially decrease, there is no need to compute the points very far away from (mΔM, nΔN). Hence, we need to decide the update region for each Gabor coefficient Cm,n. The update region is defined as an elliptic within which the spectrum needs to be computed such as shown in FIG. 5.
Let i'=i-mΔM and k'=k-nΔN, Eq. (9) can be rewritten as: ##EQU10## which is a two dimensional elliptic such as trace 60 of FIG. 5. The update region for any coefficient is defined to be: ##EQU11## where |Cm,n |max is the maximum magnitude of all the Gabor coefficients.
Hence, the update region for each coefficient is: ##EQU12##
The maximum update region is the one when |Cm,n |2 =|Cm,n |2 max, which leads to: ##EQU13##
Thus, k'max and j'max give the size of the look-up table. Only positive indices and their values need to be stored because Eq. (B.2) is an even function in terms of i' and k'.
Once the table is created, the computing of Eq. (8) is straightforward. Find the correspondent entry in the table and multiply the value by |Cm,n |2. The evaluation of computationally expensive exponential function is thus avoided.
FIGS. 2A and 2B illustrate the basic techniques involving computing the Gabor spectrum according to a preferred embodiment.
The routine involves first initializing the processor (block 50). This initialization involves the performing of steps 1-5 outlined above.
Next, the Gabor coefficients are computed according to the algorithm embodied by blocks 51, 52, 53, 54, and 55 on FIG. 2A.
In particular, the index i is set to -L+ΔM, the index m is set to L/ΔM+1 and M is set to zero (block 51).
Next, the routine acquires the next L points, and sets the input function s(i) equal to zero for i less than zero (block 52).
The next step computes an L-point orthogonal-like discrete Gabor coefficient Cm,n, for the index n=0 through N-1. This computes a column of coefficients for m equal to a constant (block 53). In the next step, m is incremented, and the index i is set equal to i+ΔM (block 54).
Next, the routine determines whether the coefficients have been calculated for all of the frames by testing the index of the loop M, where M equals the number of frames in the sample sequence processed by the loop (block 55). If the routine is not finished, then it branches to block 55A when M is incremented and then back to block 52. If the sequence is finished, then the algorithm proceeds to compute the energy distribution for each of the coefficients according to the routine shown in FIG. 2B.
To compute the spectrum, based on the energy distribution around each of the coefficients, the algorithm receives the coefficients generated by the routine shown in FIG. 2A (block 56). In the next step, the index m is set to -L/ΔM+1 (block 57). Next, the index n is set to zero (block 58).
Next, the update region for the coefficient Cm,n is found based on the magnitude of the coefficient (block 59).
For each point (i,k) within the update region for the coefficient, the energy distribution or spectrum is computed (block 60). Next, the index n is incremented (block 61). In the next step, the index n is tested against the value N to determine whether the distribution for all of the coefficients in the column has been computed. If n is not equal to N, then the algorithm loops back to block 59. If n is equal to N, then a column has been completed and the algorithm proceeds to block 63 where the index m is incremented. In the next step (block 64) the algorithm determines whether the index m has reached the maximum value M. If not, then the algorithm loops to block 58 to process the next frame of coefficients. If m is equal to M, then the algorithm is completed, and the energy distribution values are used to output the Gabor spectrum (block 65). Finally, the routine stops (block 66).
FIG. 6 illustrates a Gabor spectrogram analyzer according to the present invention. The Gabor spectrogram analyzer is an instrument used to analyze an input signal characterized by a time varying frequency spectrum. The apparatus shown in FIG. 6 is particularly useful for signals in the range from 0-20 kH, such as encountered in typical speech processing algorithms. However, the apparatus may be designed to operate in a variety of frequency ranges. Therefore, the same basic apparatus is applicable to a wide variety of input signals with varying frequency ranges.
The system includes a converter/filter 100, including an anti-aliasing filter and an A/D converter. The anti-aliasing filter is an integral part of a variety of data acquisition systems. The purpose of the anti-aliasing filter is to remove unwanted high frequency components so that there will be no aliasing problem when the continuous signal is digitized. According to the sampling theorem, if the highest frequency in an instrument frequency range is f, then the anti-aliasing filter must be designed in such a way that any frequency higher than f should be effectively removed. Because it is not possible to design a perfect low pass filter, the anti-aliasing filter is often designed in such a way that the cutoff frequency is slightly higher than f. The sampling frequency (the rate at which the continuous signal is digitized) must be at least twice that of the highest frequency. In the analyzer shown in FIG. 6, in which the highest frequency is 20 kH, the minimum sampling rate is 40 kH. To provide some safeguard, an audioboard sampling at 48 kH is used which guarantees no aliasing between 0 and 20 kH.
The output of the converter/filter 100 is supplied on line 101 as the signal s(i). A storage device 102 is used for storing the input sequence for later use. For signals that have already been acquired and stored, the converter/filter 100 may not be necessary in a given application. The storage device 102 may act as the source of the sequence of digital signals representing an analog input.
The discrete data on line 101 is supplied to an input buffer 103. The input buffer is controlled by input buffer control 104. The purpose of the buffer 103 is to accumulate enough points (L) for further processing. Each L point block of data is called a frame.
The input buffer control controls the input buffer. Its primary function is to maintain the input buffer 103 and provide overlapping data addressing and the like for ongoing processing of the routine. Depending on the selected time domain increment ΔM, the input buffer control appends ΔM points to a current frame, and removes the first ΔM points to form a new frame.
An L point data frame is available at the output of the buffer 103 on line 105. The frame on line 105 is supplied to a discrete Gabor transform engine 106. The engine 106 performs the Gabor transform according to the algorithm shown in FIG. 2A. The engine 106 maps the one dimensional signal data s(i) to a set of Gabor coefficients in a two dimensional time-frequency domain over the index (i,k).
The output of the Gabor transform engine 106 is an array of coefficients Cm,n for frame m over a sequence of frequency increments on index n. This array of coefficients may be supplied to a coefficient buffer 107, such as a register array or the like. From the coefficient buffer 107, the array of coefficients is supplied to a pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution engine 108. The engine 108 performs the pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution with deleted cross term interference according to the routine shown in FIG. 2B. The output is a spectrum defined by the Wigner distribution of energy around each of the coefficients Cm,n. A collection of spectra for the array of coefficients is the Gabor spectrogram GS(i,k). The spectrogram is supplied to a Gabor spectrogram buffer 109 under control of the Gabor spectrogram buffer control 110. The Gabor spectrogram buffer control maintains and controls the Gabor spectrogram buffer 109.
Coupled with the pseudo-Wigner-Ville distribution engine is a look-up table 111. The look-up table stores factors used in the distribution function, as discussed above. Using the look-up table, the computation of these factors can be performed offline, making the algorithm suitable for near real time computation of the Gabor spectrogram.
The Gabor spectrogram buffer control 110 appropriately disposes of the data in the buffer 109 once it is full. For instance, the data is supplied on line 112 to a display system 113 in which a graphic representation of the Gabor spectrogram is generated and displayed. Alternatively, the data on line 112 may be supplied to a storage device 114 for later processing.
In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the data on line 112 is supplied to an analysis engine 115. The input sequence s(i) on line 101 is also supplied as an input to the analysis engine. This analysis engine may partition the input signal s(i) in response to the Gabor spectrogram data on line 112 so that the partitioned sections of the input signal may be independently analyzed.
Applications of the displayed Gabor spectrogram, or the data generated by the spectrogram for analysis engine 115 include spectrum analyzers, speech recognition systems, speech analysis and synthesis systems, voice detection systems, underwater acoustics detectors, radar communications, mobile phone communications, and telephone tune detection systems.
FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate input signals which are analyzed using a routine such as provided in Appendix A according to the present invention. In FIG. 7A, a frequency hopper signal is shown in which there are four discrete frequency components in discrete time windows. In FIG. 7B, a noisy hopper signal with a signal to noise ratio of 0 dB is shown.
FIG. 8A illustrates a Gabor spectrum for the frequency hopper signal of FIG. 7A, in which the contours represent increasing energy values at the time and frequency locations on the spectrum. Thus, if the graph shown in FIG. 8A were shown in three dimensions, each of the regions having contours would appear as peaks on the field of the paper.
It can be seen that each of the four frequency components of the hopper signal are localized in time in the Gabor spectrum. Because of this clear localization and separation between the components, the Gabor spectrum is particularly useful for analyzing signals which have frequency components which vary in time.
FIG. 8B illustrates the Gabor spectrum of the noisy hopper signal of FIG. 7B at the quadruple oversampling rate. As can be seen, even in a very noisy signal, the Gabor spectrum localizes the frequency components relatively well. It is believed that the Gabor spectrum is better than prior art techniques for generating time varying spectra of input signals.
The foregoing description of preferred embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in this art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical application, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
Appendices A and B. ##SPC1##
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|U.S. Classification
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|International Classification
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|May 21, 1992
Owner name: NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS, A CORP. OF TX, TEXAS
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:QIAN, SHIE;CHEN, DAPANG;REEL/FRAME:006141/0046
Effective date: 19920422
|Mar 19, 1998
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jan 4, 2002
|Fee payment
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|Fee payment
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The current global CO2 monitoring market in the hospital setting is $200MM with a CAGR of 20%. A much greater market size can be anticipated considering the parallels to the global clinical pulse oximetry market ($1.2 BB, CAGR 12.5%). This technology could address a larger market including pediatric patients with tracheostomies, adult patients on mechanical ventilation, and patients with more common conditions, such as obstructive sleep apnea or hypoventilation.
The development of continuous home CO2 monitoring for pediatric patients on mechanical ventilation will provide physicians and care givers quantitative means to assess respiratory status that would be more comprehensive than discrete measurements of CO2 levels during monthly clinic visits. Continuous at-home respiratory monitoring could reduce payer, provider, and patient costs by allowing faster weaning off ventilators, cutting down on the number and frequency of clinic visits, reducing unnecessary ER visits, and increasing access to rural and underserved areas. Estimated weaning cost savings and ER costs savings equal $400 million annually in the US. Data across various customer segments indicate a strong need for home monitoring of pediatric patients on home vents. There is a growing demand for a telehealth approach with cost management being a key limiting factor. Existing technologies and emerging approaches have utilized video cameras, connected pulse oximeters and connected ventilators, but lack in quantitative and direct assessment of respiratory function.
The University of Michigan would like to engage The SearchLite to conduct a Market Discovery Challenge for the home-vent CO2 monitoring system. Besides standard customer validation outputs, the goals also include: 1, understand the state of the industry and state of the art of medical device manufacturers and health IT companies in the global pediatric and adult home ventilator space; 2, verify key pains and gains for respiratory monitoring for the tracheostomy and/or sleep apnea applications.
It was a real pleasure to share the stage with Ed Potoczak, Jeffrey Hohlfeldt, Doug Wetzel and Bill Artzberger. https://t.co/4mci5ib2xI
Raising the Bar https://t.co/2JUiuKBRin

subset: commoncrawl


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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] Irene is tired of her boyfriend Rafa not bother to look for work. When told that he is cheating with his boss, something away from them away, binds to always happen. You can watch El ritmo en sus venas online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in Spanish at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2013.
Rating: 5 by 18 users./
Runtime: 30 minutes
Eva Ugarte, Gorka Otxoa, Ignasi Alba, Rubén Sánchez, Chesco Simón, Bartolomé Fraile, Juan Francisco Fernández, Ingrid Hernández, Alejandra Izquierdo, Jimena Sosa and Carmen Vilches.
Short film, Comedy.
30-minute film (full movie) directed by Juan Poveda.
The original audio of El ritmo en sus venas has dialogues in or Spanish, it was produced in Spain.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2013.
Screenplay written by Juan Poveda and Pedro J. Poveda.
Sergi Lafuente.
Araceli Rodrigo, Meritxell Gibernau, Sergi Casamitjana, Jessica Gomez and Maca Sota Terra.
This film was produced and / or financed by ESCAC Films.
Composed by Sergi Puig.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie El ritmo en sus venas has a duration of 30 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in English or Spanish in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, El ritmo en sus venas in FULLTV Movies.


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MOVIE SYNOPSIS [ General Audiences ] Directed by Monika Mitchell, this film with audio in English (original language) was premiered in 2015. This movie with dialogues written by Ken Sanders and Mark Sanderson was produced in Canada. You can watch Sara's Choice online on TV cable or theaters with original audio in English at different dates. This film premiered in theaters in 2015.
Rating: 5 by 10 users./
Runtime: 100 minutes
Francesca Eastwood, Jennifer Copping, Anna Galvin, Roark Critchlow, Allie Bertram, Jerry Trimble, Matt Bellefleur, Peter Bryant, Artine Brown, Chris Furci, Daniel Bacon, Raphael Kepinski, Graeme Duffy, Angela Moore, John Sampson and Tara Wilson.
100-minute film (full movie) directed by Monika Mitchell.
The original audio of Sara's Choice has dialogues in Dolby Digital, it was produced in Canada.
It premiered in cinemas or television in 2015.
Screenplay written by Ken Sanders and Mark Sanderson.
Brendan Uegama.
Ken Sanders, Tom Berry, Gilles LaPlante, David DeCrane, Stefan Wodoslawsky and Costa Vassos.
This film was produced and / or financed by Pender Street Pictures 2.
Composed by Jeff Tymoschuk.
Without commercial breaks, the full movie Sara's Choice has a duration of 100 minutes; the official trailer can be watched in streaming on the Internet. You can watch this full movie free in EnglishDolby Digital in movie TV channels, renting the DVD or with VoD services (Video On Demand player, Hulu) and PPV (Pay Per View, Netflix).
See the page of this full movie, Sara's Choice in FULLTV Movies.


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Israel News
Middle East
American Politics
Edition française
Green Israel
larry derfner 58.
(photo credit:d)
There are off-the-record sources saying West Bank leader Mahmoud Abbas told the
Americans he wanted Israel's blockade of Gaza to continue. Abbas denies it, of
course, but I wouldn't be surprised if it were true.After all, if Israel
lifts the blockade, Hamas will be able to tell Palestinians: "We chased the
Zionists out of Gaza with resistance, with jihad, and look at the West Bank –
they're everywhere, taking our land, standing over us with their guns. The
collaborators Abbas and Fayyad have to beg 'Mr. Bibi' to lift a few checkpoints,
and then they're expected to say thank you."
By NOA TISHBY
By JPOST EDITORIAL
Sponsored Content
By GERSHON BASKIN
By MARTIN OLINER
By LETTERS TO THE EDITOR
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Discussion Boeing Place your own picture
behind this frame! Double click to crop it if necessary San Francisco Budapest Important
Details (cc) photo by Metro Centric on Flickr (cc) photo by Franco Folini on Flickr (cc) photo by jimmyharris on Flickr Stockholm (cc) photo by Metro Centric on Flickr Boeing illegally tried to get defence contracts with the US Air Force.
- the CEO was fired
- two other executives went to jail
- company lost a lot of money Boeing lost its biggest
commercial airplanes seller
title after the events of September 11, 2001 Technical problems: Selling a Dream(liner) To begin founded in 1916, Washington state
main reference in the world for aircrafts
2010: 64.3$ billion of revenu, 165 000 employees, more than 22 000 contracts
12 000 jets around the world everyday
the largest NASA contractor
employees are part of Boeing's family
eco-friendly products (societal marketing)
reduce 25% CO2 emissions
CEO of Boeing: W. James McNerney
brand new family product: 787 Dreamliner series (more comfortable, design to reduce nausea and headaches) Summary lost their leading position in 2001 & overtook by France-base Airbus
2 ethical scandals and 1 extramarital affair
launching of the 787 Dreamliner in 2004:
- lightest and most fuel-efficient in the
- higher speed
- low maintained costs
3 record-breaking years;
Mid-2007: 3 delays & cut down production;
McNerney CEO Problems Suppliers sent incomplete parts of airplanes
Delivery dates pushed back 3 times
25 airplanes produced instead of 109 in the first year of production
Boeing's customers were really disappointed Q1: Discuss the nature of the market structure and demand for the Dreamliner. What are the implications of this for Boeing and its customers ? Market dominated by a few large suppliers;
Quality, quantity
final product and price;
Inelastic demand Q2: What examples of the major types of buying situations do you see in the case ? Discuss the implications of each in terms of marketing strategy. Straight rebuy: the latest version of the 737 had been updated in 1997.
New task: the customers bought the Dreamliner for the first time. Q3: List the specific features of the Dreamliner. What customer benefits result from each ? Fuel efficiency
Light weight
Very fast jet
Safer than other planes
Make less noise inside and outside the airplanes
More legroom
Higher cabin pressure and humidity
Bigger windows
Spacious stowage
High efficiency particulate air filter
More environmentally friendly Q4: Discuss the customers buying process for a Boeing airplane. In what major ways does this process differ from the buying process a passenger might go through in choosing an airline ? 1. Problem recognition
2. General need description
3. Product specification
4. Supplier search
5. Proposal solicitation
6. Supplier selection
7. Order-routine specification
8. Performance review Q5: What marketing recommendations would you make to McNerney as he continues to try to resolve the problems with the 787 Dreamliner program ? Societal marketing
Customer relationship management
Environmentalism movement
Invloving in operation process;
Product concept:
Marketing concept: R&D, technology;
Lower Customers' expectations
Promote marketing ethics
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Copy of Boeing: Selling a dream(liner)
Company case chapter 7 (term paper)
Muhammad Saifullahon 26 April 2013
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Protected Species and Pelagic Fisheries/Ecosystems
Protected species listed under the Endangered Species Act and known to occur in pelagic waters of the Western Pacific region include green, hawksbill, leatherback, loggerhead and olive ridley sea turtles, humpback, sei, sperm,blue, and fin whales, Hawaiian monk seals , short-tailed albatrosses and Newell's shearwaters. Other marine mammals known to occur include several types of dolphins and whales, other seabirds known to occur include other albatrosses, shearwaters, petrels, boobies, tropicbirds and other species.
Green Sea Turtles (Chelonia mydas)
Green sea turtles are a circumglobal and highly migratory species, nesting and feeding in tropical/subtropical regions. Their range can be defined by a general preference for water temperature above 20° C. Green sea turtles are known to live in pelagic habitats as posthatchlings/juveniles, feeding at or near the ocean surface.
The non-breeding range of this species can lead a pelagic existence many miles from shore while the breeding population lives primarily in bays and estuaries, and are rarely found in the open ocean. Most migration from rookeries to feeding grounds is via coastal waters, with females migrating to breed only once every two years or more. In the Pacific, the only major (> 2,000 nesting females) populations of green turtles occur in Australia and Malaysia. Smaller colonies occur in the insular Pacific islands of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia and in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
Since the establishment of the ESA in 1973, and following years of exploitation, the nesting population of Hawaiian green turtles has shown a gradual but definite increase and scientists have concluded that this population is well on the way to recovery following 25 years of protection. This increase is attributed to increased female survivorship since the harvesting of turtles was prohibited in addition to the cessation of habitat damage at the nesting beaches since the early 1950s.
Hawksbill Sea Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata)
As a hawksbill turtle grows from a juvenile to an adult it switches foraging behaviors from pelagic surface feeding to benthic reef feeding. The maturing turtle establishes foraging territory and will remain in this territory until it is displaced. As with other sea turtles, hawksbills will make long reproductive migrations between foraging and nesting areas but otherwise they remain within coastal reef habitats. Along the far western and southeastern Pacific, hawksbill turtles nest on the islands and mainland of southeast Asia, from China to Japan, and throughout the Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, and Australia.
Leatherback Sea Turtles (Dermochelys coriacea)
Leatherback turtles lead a completely pelagic existence, foraging widely in temperate waters, except during the nesting season when gravid females return to tropical beaches to lay eggs. Males are rarely observed near nesting areas, and it has been proposed that mating most likely takes place outside of tropical waters, before females move to their nesting beaches. Leatherbacks are highly migratory, exploiting convergence zones and upwelling areas in the open ocean, along continental margins, and in archipelagic waters. In a single year, a leatherback may swim more than 10,000 kilometers. Migratory routes of leatherback turtles originating from eastern and western Pacific nesting beaches are not entirely known. However, satellite tracking of postnesting females and genetic analyses of leatherback turtles caught in U.S. Pacific fisheries or stranded on the west coast of the U.S. presents some strong insights into at least a portion of their routes and the importance of particular foraging areas. Current data from genetic research suggest that Pacific leatherback stock structure may vary by region. Due to the fact that leatherback turtles are highly migratory and that stocks mix in high-seas foraging areas, and based on genetic analyses of samples collected by both Hawaii-based and west-coast-based longline observers, leatherback turtles inhabiting the northern and central Pacific Ocean comprise individuals originating from nesting assemblages located south of the equator in the western Pacific (e.g. Indonesia, Solomon Islands) and in the eastern Pacific along the Americas (e.g. Mexico, Costa Rica).
Recent information on leatherbacks tagged off the west coast of the United States has also revealed an important migratory corridor from central California to south of the Hawaiian Islands, leading to western Pacific nesting beaches. Leatherback turtles originating from western Pacific beaches have also been found along the U.S. mainland. There, leatherback turtles have been sighted and reported stranded as far north as Alaska (60° N) and as far south as San Diego, California. Of the stranded leatherback turtles that have been sampled to date from the U.S. mainland, all have been of western Pacific nesting stock origin.
Loggerhead Sea Turtles (Caretta caretta)
For their first years of life, loggerheads forage in open-ocean pelagic habitats. Both juvenile and subadult loggerheads feed on pelagic crustaceans, mollusks, fish, and algae. Loggerheads are opportunistic feeders that target items floating at or near the surface, and if high densities of prey are present, they will actively forage at depth. As they age, loggerheads begin to move into shallower waters, where, as adults, they forage over a variety of benthic hard- and soft-bottom habitats. In the North Pacific subadults and adults are found in nearshore benthic habitats around southern Japan, as well as in the East China Sea and the South China Sea (e.g. Philippines, Taiwan, Vietnam).In the South Pacific, loggerheads are known to nest in Queensland, Australia.
Olive Ridley Sea Turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea)
Olive ridleys lead a highly pelagic existence. These sea turtles appear to forage throughout the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean, often in large groups, or flotillas. While olive ridleys generally have a tropical range, individuals do occasionally venture north, some as far as the Gulf of Alaska. The postnesting migration routes of olive ridleys, tracked via satellite from Costa Rica, traversed thousands of kilometers of deep oceanic waters ranging from Mexico to Peru and more than 3,000 kilometers out into the central Pacific.
Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Humpback whales winter in shallow nearshore waters of usually 100 fathoms or less. Mature females are believed to conceive on the breeding grounds one winter and give birth the following winter. Within the U.S. EEZ in the North Pacific, there are at least three relatively separate populations of humpback whales that migrate between their respective summer/fall feeding areas to winter/spring calving and mating areas. The Central North Pacific stock of humpback whales winters in the waters of the Main Hawaiian Islands. This population is estimated to total 6,000 – 10,000 individuals and researchers estimate that it is increasing by seven percent per year, putting the species on a track to double in just over a decade. In addition at least six well-defined breeding stocks of humpback whales occur in the Southern Hemisphere.
Sei Whales (Balaenoptera borealis)
Sei whales have a worldwide distribution but are found mainly in cold temperate to subpolar latitudes rather than in the tropics or near the poles. They are distributed far out to sea and do not appear to be associated with coastal features. The International Whaling Commission only considers one stock of sei whales in the North Pacific, but some evidence exists for multiple populations. In the southern Pacific most observations have been south of 30.
Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus)
Sperm whales are found in tropical to polar waters throughout the world and are among the most abundant large cetaceans in the region. Sperm whales have been sighted around several of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and off the main islands of Hawaii. Sightings of sperm whales were made during the 1980s around Guam, and in strandings have been reported on Guam Sperm whales have also been observed around Samoa.
Blue Whales (Balaenoptera musculus)
Blue whales occur in all oceans, usually along continental shelves, but they can also be found in the shallow inshore waters and on the high seas. The stock structure of blue whales is uncertain.
Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus)
Fin whales are found throughout all oceans and seas of the world from tropical to polar latitudes. Although it is generally believed that fin whales make poleward feeding migrations in summer and move toward the equator in winter, few actual observations of fin whales in tropical and subtropical waters have been documented, particularly in the Pacific Ocean away from continental coasts.
Hawaiian Monk Seals (Monachus schauinslandi)
The Hawaiian monk seal is a tropical seal endemic to the Hawaiian Islands. Today, the entire population of Hawaiian monk seals is about 1,300 to 1,400 and occurs mainly in the NWHI Small populations at Necker Island and Nihoa Island are maintained by both reproduction and immigration, and an increasing number of seals are distributed throughout the MHI where they are also reproducing. 11The 2004 U.S. Pacific Marine Mammal Stock Assessment estimates that there are 1,304 monk seals in the Hawaiian Islands, with at least 52 of those occurring in the Main Hawaiian Islands. There was an exceptional reporting of a pupping at Johnston Atoll in 1969; however, site visits by biologists have been infrequent and it is not known how regularly monk seals use the atoll. Aggressive male monk seals in the NWHI are known to mob females and sometimes kill pups. Mobbing behavior is thought to occur due to a skewed sex ratio, and 22 subadult males were translocated from Laysan Island in the NWHI to the Big Island in the MHI in 1994. In 1998, two males were identified as aggressive at French Frigate Shoals. They were translocated to Johnston Atoll in 1999 and were resighted at that location for a few months, although they have not been resighted recently. At one time it was believed that NWHI lobsters were an important part of the diet of monk seals and this concern may have contributed to the closure of the NWHI lobster fishery. However an ongoing analysis by NMFS of fatty acid signatures in monk seal blubber indicates that lobster and crustaceans in general don't appear to be very important to monk seals as there are species of NWHI lobsters in relatively high abundance but monk seals are not eating them.
Other Marine Mammals
Non-ESA Listed Marine Mammals
Common Name
Scientific Name
Common Name
Scientific Name
Blainsville beaked whale
Mesoplodon densirostris
pygmy sperm whale
Kogia breviceps
bottlenose dolphin
Tursiops truncatus
Risso's dolphin
Grampus griseus
Bryde's whale
Balaenoptera edeni
rough-toothed dolphin
Steno bredanensis
Cuvier's beaked whale
Ziphius cavirostris
short-finned pilot whale
Globicephala macrorhynchus
dwarf sperm whale
Kogia simus
spinner dolphin
Stenella longirostris
false killer whale
Pseudorca crassidens
spotted dolphin
Stenella attenuata
killer whale
Orcinus orca
striped dolphin
Stenella coeruleoalba
melon-headed whale
Peponocephala electra
Pacific white-sided dolphin
Lagenorhynchus obliquidens
pygmy killer whale
Feresa attenuata
minke whale
Balaenoptera acutorostrata
Fraser's dolphin
Lagenodelphis hosei
Dall's porpoise
Phocoenoides dalli
Longman's beaked whale
Indopacetus pacificus
Short-tailed albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis)
The short-tailed albatross is the largest seabird in the North Pacific, with a wingspan of more than 3 meters (9 ft) in length. The short-tailed albatross is known to breed only in the western North Pacific Ocean, south of the main islands of Japan. Although at one time there may have been more than ten breeding locations, today there are only two known active breeding colonies: Minami Tori Shima Island and Minami-Kojima Island. On December 14, 2000, one short-tailed albatross was discovered incubating an egg on Yomejima Island of the Ogasawara Islands (southernmost island among the Mukojima Islands). A few short-tailed albatrosses have also been observed attempting to breed, although unsuccessfully, at Midway Atoll in the NWHI. The 2008 worldwide population is estimate at 2,771 individuals and based on breeding pair counts, appears to be increasing by seven percent annually.
Newell's Shearwater (Puffinus auricularis newelli)
Generally, the at-sea distribution of the Newell's shearwater is restricted to the waters surrounding the Hawaii Archipelago, with preference given to the area east and south of the main Hawaiian Islands. The Newell's shearwater breeds only in colonies on the main Hawaiian Islands where it is threatened by urban development and introduced predators like rats, cats, dogs, and mongooses. Newell's shearwaters are known to occasionally visit the CNMI. Shearwaters are most active in the day and skim the ocean surface while foraging. During the breeding season, shearwaters tend to forage within 50–62 miles (80–100 km) of their nesting burrows. Shearwaters also tend to be gregarious at sea, and the Newell's shearwater is known to occasionally follow ships.
Other Seabirds
Other seabirds found in the region include the black-footed albatross (Phoebastria nigripes), Laysan albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis), masked booby (Sula dactylatra), brown booby (Sula leucogaster), red-footed booby (Sula sula), wedge-tailed shearwater (Puffinus pacificus), Christmas shearwater (Puffinus nativitatis), petrels (Pseudobulweria spp., Pterodroma spp.), tropicbirds (Phaethon spp.), frigatebirds (Fregata spp.), and noddies (Anous spp.). The world's largest Laysan albatross colony is located on Hawaii's Midway Atoll where lead paint is reported to be flaking off of deteriorating buildings. Paint chips are consumed by albatross chicks as they wait for their parents to return with food and the American Bird Conservancy has stated that these chicks have shockingly high lead concentrations. The organization estimates that 10,000 chicks die each year as a result. The USFWS has stated that they plan to clean up as many buildings as possible over the next two to four years and will also excavate chip-contaminated soil from around the buildings and six inches down. The soil will be replaced with clean beach sand.
Following consultations under section 7 of the ESA, NMFS has determined that the Pacific pelagic fisheries of the Western Pacific Region are not likely to adversely affect any ESA-listed species or critical habitat.
NMFS has also concluded that the commercial Pacific pelagic fisheries of the Western Pacific region will not affect marine mammals in any manner not considered or authorized under the Marine Mammal Protection Act.


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GraphicRiver Modern Vintage T-Shirt 01 6594379
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T-Shirt - Modern Vintage T-Shirt 01 6594379 by swistblnk @ GraphicRiver
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Keywords: apparel, grunge, hand drawn, handmade, lettering, modern, t-shirt, tees, typography, vector, vintage.


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Welcome to the Fairhope Intermediate Library!. by Ms. Salsamendi and Mrs. Moore. Meet Ms. Salsamendi. Ms. Salsamendi has been a fifth grade teacher, a fourth grade teacher, and a librarian. She loves to go to the beach, swim, and surf. Her favorite book is Hatchet by Gary Paulsen.
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
by Ms. Salsamendi and Mrs. Moore


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Earth First! Summer Gathering set-up plans announced
We can now announce that set-up will begin from around 2pm on Saturday, 31 July. Marquees, tools and construction materials will be arriving on site from Saturday morning so there will be plenty to do. You will be able to camp on the site from Saturday and there will be skeleton facilities (water, basic kitchen) from that time.
summer camps in the UK & Merthyr coal train action sentencing - solidarity demo
update on resistance to High-Speed Railway in the Basque Country
Tesco targeted in Beeston, Nottingham
In the early hours of Tuesday morning, the gates of a construction site of Tesco supermarket in the Beston area of Nottingham were d-locked shut and graffiti was sprayed on the boards surrounding the site saying 'TESCO - FUCK OFF' and 'EVERY LITTLE HURTS - FUCK OFF TESCO'
We broke open Breaky Bottom!
A bunch of walkers from as far away as Dorset and the Chilterns walked the forbidden Access Land site of Breaky Bottom farm and vineyard, near Rodmell, East Sussex, on Saturday.
And they said "two fingers to the selfish landowner who wishes to remove a right of access that has taken 130 years to secure".
UK arrests & raids, possibly climate action related
At lunchtime on Wednesday 26th May two addresses in Belper, Derbyshire, were raided by the North Yorkshire Counter Terrorist Unit.


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303-449-2011Adjunct Faculty
Nancy Ortenberg, MA, LMFT is a Jungian Analyst in private practice in Boulder, Colorado with over 35 years of clinical experience. She is a graduate of the C.G. Jung Institute of Colorado and has also studied at the Zurich and Los Angeles Jung Institutes. In following the individuation process, Nancy works with clients to explore messages from the unconscious which can bring meaning to suffering, purpose, direction, transformational change, and enlightenment in one's life. She has a particular interest in working with dreams, and the creative expression of emotional pain and inner process through drawing, sandplay, and writing, and the use of myth and fairytales. In addition to individual and couples therapy she facilitates ongoing monthly dream groups, offers seminars on dreamwork and sandplay, and provides individual and group clinical supervision and training to licensed therapists and those working toward licensure. She has been affiliate faculty for Naropa and Regis Universities, where she has taught graduate Jungian psychology courses.


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Pete Townshend defends One Direction over song accusations
The Who star Pete Townshend has spoken out to defend One Direction after critics suggested the boyband's latest single Best Song Ever sounded similar to one of his tracks. The British/Irish five piece released the song last month (Jun13) and it drew online criticism from music fans who spotted comparisons between their track and The Who's 1971 anthem Baba O'Riley.
But Townshend insists that the motifs used in their single are the same as those that have been used by musicians for many years.
In response to reports that he had asked for One Direction's track to be pulled from the airwaves, Townshend has released a statement, which reads, "I like the single. I like One Direction. The chords I used and the chords they used are the same three chords we've all been using in basic pop music since Buddy Holly, Eddie Cochran and Chuck Berry made it clear that fancy chords don't mean great music – not always. I'm still writing songs that sound like 'Baba O'Riley' – or I'm trying to!
"It's a part of my life and a part of pop's lineage. One Direction are in my business, with a million fans, and I'm happy to think they may have been influenced a little bit by The Who… Why would I not be happy about this kind of tribute?"


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Another Democrat working hard to educate the voters on our ten ballot questions is Russell Graeff, District 19 Senate candidate. Click on his Issues page, and you get his position on all ten initiatives and referenda, plus links to the most comprehensive collection of 2016 ballot question information in South Dakota.
Graeff also appears to be voting the same way as I am on each ballot measures. I'd like Russ even if he weren't, but I'm glad we're on the same wavelength when it comes to the policy issues we South Dakotans all get to decide this year.
Graeff's opponent, Republican Stace Nelson, says nothing about the ballot measures on his Issues page. Nelson updated his bio in April, but the most recent topical post available comes from May 2014, when he was running for U.S. Senate against Mike Rounds and three other Republicans.
In a press release yesterday, Graeff does lay out Legislative priorities beyond this November's public votes:
"I will go to Pierre as your senator to bring common sense back to our state's Capitol. I will support common sense K-12 public education funding, tax fairness, ending the corruption in state government, a return to a two-party system and balance in state government ," said Graeff.
Graeff has expertise in business & healthcare as a Respiratory Care Practitioner, is a father & foster parent. He understands the need for quality healthcare and a public education system that rewards teachers and high school graduates instead of them leaving our state for better opportunities elsewhere. Russell supports renewable energy, fair prices for agriculture producers, family farms and a fair taxation system [Russell Graeff, campaign press release, 2016.09.12].
Graeff faces an uphill climb against the well-known and locally popular former legislator Nelson in a district gerrymandered for optimal Republican power. But Graeff is focusing on the issues that should matter most to all voters right now in South Dakota.


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Ref ID: 09LONDON1806
Date: 8/6/2009 15:34
Origin: Embassy London
Classification: UNCLASSIFIED//FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
Destination: 09SECSTATE80039
Header: VZCZCXYZ0012PP RUEHWEBDE RUEHLO #1806 2181534ZNR UUUUU ZZH (CCY AD99C615 MSI3451-695)P 061534Z AUG 09FM AMEMBASSY LONDONTO RUEHC/SECSTATE WASHDC PRIORITY 3085INFO RUEHKU/AMEMBASSY KUWAIT 0317RUEHMK/AMEMBASSY MANAMA 0171RUEHRH/AMEMBASSY RIYADH 0722RUEHBS/USEU BRUSSELS
Tags: EFIN,KPAL,KWBG,PGOV,PHUM,PTER,UK
UNCLAS LONDON 001806 SENSITIVE SIPDIS C O R R E C T E D COPY CAPTION E.O. 12958: N/A TAGS: EFIN, KPAL, KWBG, PGOV, PHUM, PTER, UK SUBJECT: UK TO DECIDE ON ADDITIONAL SUPPORT FOR PALESTINE IN THE FALL REF: SECSTATE 080039 Econoff delivered the letter from Secretary Clinton on budget support for the Palestinian Authority to Alice Mann, Deputy Head (London), Palestinian Program at the Department for International Development on 5 August. She told Econoff that they were "delighted by the U.S. contribution," and plan to send a letter within the next couple of weeks welcoming the U.S. action, but will not have a specific pledge at that time. She noted that HMG has provided about $32 million (GBP 18.5 million) in budget assistance this calendar year. While the British Government is facing budget constraints, she said they hoped to provide additional funding, but no decision would be made until at least September. Mann added that she doubts the UK will reach the $100 million level this year, but assistance could possibly exceed $50 million. Mann told Econoff that she was pleased to see the U.S. reaching out to other countries for support. She noted that Prime Minister Brown and Development Secretary Douglas Alexander have been lobbying other countries, particularly the Saudis, and feel that other regional players, such as Bahrain and Kuwait, have not "stepped up to the plate." Mann added that she understood the European Commission also felt that it had been "left to pick up the bill," and other regional countries in particular should do more. Visit London's Classified Website: http://www.intelink.sgov.gov/wiki/Portal:Unit edKingdom LeBaron


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Transform Cincinnati recruits and connects individuals with the financial capacity, motivation and determination to effect extraordinary, large-scale community change with ideas from not-for-profit and for-profit organizations. We seek bold solutions that will have a lasting impact on the quality of life in Greater Cincinnati.
Today couldn't be a better time for significant investment in Greater Cincinnati's future and to see a return on that investment. The momentum generated by over a decade of hard work to revitalize downtown and the urban core, reform public education, create new businesses and jobs, refresh neighborhoods, and attract and retain a talented workforce, is paying dividends.
I also appreciated the opportunity to hear about all of the hard work that is going on in Cincinnati … for Cincinnati. I get in my little world and forget to look up. It was refreshing to hear that Cincinnati teems with people who are working hard to make our city a better place to live for everyone.
Cynthia Moore, Director of Grants, UC Health
Our Purpose
Since the early 1800s, Cincinnati has benefitted from the engagement of community "investors" – people who gave of themselves and their resources to elevate the region in a profound way.
While our region is fortunate to continue to have many generous individuals, Transform Cincinnati seeks to enhance the ranks of these significant, individual funders of regional initiatives, and to facilitate the development of ideas that inspire, engage and involve new generations of funders and investors.
What Distinguishes Transform Cincinnati
There are so many things about this that will be used and helpful long after tonight is over. One of my top 3 priorities as I came onto the 4C team was to revamp our own messaging. I knew where I wanted us to go but wondered how to help the team understand what needed to change… and why! Working on this project has been the perfect catalyst for that priority. Serendipitous timing for sure – but it was the way in which Transform pushed the projects to clarify and simplify that helped shore up what I had been telling the team.
Vanessa Freytag, Executive Director, 4C for Children
Who is Involved
Transform Cincinnati was conceived by Richard Rosenthal and has drawn on the experience and involvement of leading community organizations such as ArtsWave, the Greater Cincinnati Foundation, Haile/U.S. Bank Foundation, Interact for Health, the Jewish Federation and United Way. It brings together:
- Individual funders who have the resources and desire to invest in an important community issue or seize an opportunity to boldly improve the future of Cincinnati as an exceptional place to live, work, learn or play.
- Applicants interested in presenting, in one place at one time, extraordinary change-making projects to potential individual funders.


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Angry Klopp let down by Liverpool flops against on fire Watford
Watford 3-0 Liverpool
Jurgen Klopp never wants his Liverpool team to play as badly again as they did in losing at Watford yesterday.
The manager was clearly disappointed with how his players failed to recover from conceding an early goal, saying that they "lost their mind" and condemning the "big space" between their pre-match hopes and how they performed.
Klopp claimed left-back Nathan Ake fouled stand-in goalkeeper Adam Bogdan for the first goal, but accepted Liverpool "made bigger faults" as Odion Ighalo's brace condemned the visitors to a four-game winless streak.
The German boss admitted it may have been a mistake to leave Christian Benteke on the bench in north London, but downplayed rumours the Belgium striker could join Chelsea in January.
Asked if it was the worst Liverpool had played during his tenure so far, Klopp said he never wanted his team to drop to this level again.
"I would say hopefully it is the most disappointing moment in my whole Liverpool FC life, from now," Klopp said.
"We don't feel good today, of course, because we came here to do something really different to what you saw.
"There was a big space between what we wanted to do and what you saw.
"That is what we have to fill before the next game against Leicester."
Liverpool never got over Watford's opening goal, when Miguel Britos appeared to kick the ball out of Bogdan's hands, and Klopp criticised their failure to react to adversity.
"He (Bogdan) had both hands on the ball, so it's a foul. I think that's the situation. Mistakes, fouls, refs, whatever, can happen," said Klopp.
"That's football. The reaction has to be better. We lost our mind after the first goal, we lost our compact formation after the first goal.
"We didn't play easy, as we should have done. The pitch is not the best one, but it's possible to play football if you play easy football."
This was the third Premier League defeat of Klopp's time in charge of Liverpool since he took over in October, and Klopp admitted he was still trying to help his team find some consistency.
"After Southampton (6-1 win), everybody thought 'wow', and after Manchester City (4-1 win), but that was one part of what we can do, one side.
"Now we saw completely the other side. Maybe the truth is somewhere in the middle.
"We have to work so that it's more on the Manchester City, Southampton, Chelsea performances.
"I know how strong this team can be. It's my job to help them so they can show it much more often than we have.
The easy games, everybody wins. The difficult games, we have to win much more often than we have until now."
Liverpool were rendered toothless in attack by Klopp's decision to field Roberto Firmino as a false nine.
Ighalo and Troy Deeney's deadly double act in Watford's 4-4-2 exacerbated Liverpool's absent cutting edge as the visitors failed to fire.
Divock Origi replaced the injured Martin Skrtel in a total formation re-jig just before half-time, but not even adding a focal point could alter the outcome.
Klopp conceded that with hindsight he may have selected a different starting line-up, but in the same breath defended his right to rotate his squad.
"That's the next problem. If you lose the games everyone is allowed to ask why this player didn't play, when they wouldn't after you win," said Klopp, when quizzed on why Benteke was on the bench.
"So okay maybe it was not the best decision, I don't know. We will never find out, but for today I decide first for Christian, then for Divock, then for Christian. It's up to the players to change this."
Quique Sanchez Flores was delighted with Watford's fourth consecutive league win.
"I am really pleased with the desire the whole team showed," he said.
"I have had the feeling since the first day that this group of players has a big soul, that we can be competitive."
Watford are now just one point behind Manchester United, but the manager urged them not to lose sight of their goal of survival in their first year back in the Premier League.
"It would be a very big mistake (to change targets)," Sanchez Flores said.
"We have to stick to the ideas of the club, which are very clever, very clear. We are just thinking about growing Watford.
"We need to establish ourselves in the Premier League, this is what the fans need, and Watford needs.
"To lose perspective would be a very, very bad thing for us."
Watford: Gomes, Nyom, Cathcart, Britos, Ake, Abdi (Behrami 80), Watson, Capoue, Jurado (Anya 76), Ighalo (Guedioura 88), Deeney
Subs Not Used: Oulare, Holebas, Diamanti, Arlauskis
Booked: Britos
Goals: Ake 3, Ighalo 15, 85
Liverpool: Bogdan, Clyne, Skrtel (Origi 41), Sakho, Moreno, Henderson, Lucas,Can, Lallana (Ibe 74), Firmino (Benteke 74), Coutinho
Subs Not Used: Toure, Allen, Fulton, Randall
Man of the Match: Odion Ighalo
Match rating: 8/10
Attendance: 20,707
Referee: Mark Clattenburg (Tyne & Wear)
Belfast Telegraph


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Position Indication:
General Information
1. What are the Next Steps?
After submitting the application and all required documentation to the Admissions Office at the Johannes Kepler University Linz, the application will be reviewed according to content and all formal criteria. There is no application fee. Applicants will be notified of admission by letter.
If your application is successful, you will receive a letter of acceptance which, if applicable, may include information on taking supplementary examinations. If your mother tongue or educational language is not German and/or your German language skills are considered insufficient, the acceptance letter will contain information on taking a supplementary examination in German.
If your university entrance qualifications (school leaving certificate) are deemed incomparable to an Austrian school-leaving certificate, depending on your major you may be required to take additional supplementary examinations.
If you are required to take supplementary examinations, you will be enrolled as an "außerordentliche/r Studierende/r" until you have passed the required examinations. Students not subject to supplementary examinations will be admitted directly as a degree-seeking student.
To register in person, please come to the Admissions Office during the corresponding admission period. Please bring the following documents:
- Valid passport
- Acceptance Letter (in the original)
- If applicable, a social insurance number (such as your Austrian E-card)
- Confirmation of pre-enrollment (http://www.jku.at/studieren/voranmeldung)
- If applicable, documents if transferring from another Austrian university
Once the admissions and enrollment procedures have been completed, students will receive a student ID card, the KeplerCard (http://www.jku.at/keplercard). Students will also be required to pay any tuition fees (see 2.5) by the end of the corresponding grace period (http://www.jku.at/studieren/termine).
Students will also be eligible to register for courses during the course registration period (http://www.jku.at/studieren/termine).
2. The Academic Year
The Winter Semester starts at the beginning of October and ends at the end of January, the Summer Semester starts at the beginning of March and ends at the end of June. Course registration always takes place via http://www.kusss.jku.at before the beginning of the semester. (http://www.jku.at/studieren/termine)
3. Scholarship and Financial Aid
Austrian universities are not in the position to grant scholarships or financial aid. Students must apply to the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research for a scholarship or financial aid via the appropriate Austrian representative authorities (embassy or consulate) in the student's home country. The number of these scholarships are limited and are awarded only if the applicants meet certain requirements. Austrian students can inquire about scholarships and financial aid at the Study Grant Authority.
Study Grant Authority, Ferihumerstraße 15, 4040 Linz
Ph. 0732/66 40 31, Fax 0732/66 40 31 10
Website: www.stipendium.at
E-mail: stip.linz(/\t)stbh.gv.at
4. Visa
Students who are not EU or EEA citizens require a valid visa in order to enter Austria. In addition, students must apply for a residence permit. For more information on visas and residence permits, please contact the Austrian embassy or consulate in your home country.
5. Health Insurance
Students who are not insured in Austria or in another EU country have the option to purchase student health insurance during their stay in Austria.
For more information, please contact the Upper Austrian District Health Insurance Fund:
Upper Austrian District Health Insurance Fund (OÖGKK), Gruberstraße 77, 4021 Linz
Ph. 05 78 07 - 10 42 56 oder 10 42 58; Fax 05 78 07 - 10 43 80
E-Mail: selbstversicherung(/\t)ooegkk.at
6. Accommodations
We strongly recommend securing accommodations in Linz before the semester begins. The JKU Linz does not organize or allocate housing for students. Please see: http://www.students.jku.at/ for information on student housing.
7. Important Addresses
Austrian Federal Ministry for European and International Affairs
Minoritenplatz 8
A-1014 Vienna
Ph.: +43 50 11 50-0
Legalization Office
Minoritenplatz 8
1014 Vienna
Entrance on Leopold-Figl-Gasse
Office Hours:
Monday to Friday: 9.00 AM to12.30 PM
Thursdays from 2.00 to 4.00 PM
Austrian Federal Ministry for Internal Affairs
Abteilung I/5 (Public Relations)
Herrengasse 7
1014 Vienna
Phone: +43-(0)1- 531 26 – 0
E-Mail: oeffentlichkeitsarbeit(/\t)bmi.gv.at
Austrian Federal Ministry of Science and Research
Minoritenplatz 5
A-1014 Vienna
Ph.:+43 (0)1 531 20-0
E-Mail: infoservice(/\t)bmwf.gv.at
City of Linz Magistrate
Neues Rathaus
Hauptstraße 1-5
A-4040 Linz
Ph.: +43 732 70 70-0
ÖAD - Housing Office Ltd.
Ebendorfstraße 7
A-1010 Vienna
Ph.: +43 1 / 53408800
E-Mail: housing(/\t)oead.at
ÖAD - Housing Office Linz
Altenbergerstraße 69
4040 Linz
Ph.: +43 732/2468-3168
E-Mail: housing-linz(/\t)oead.at
Austrian Student Union
REMI - Office for Migration and Integration Work
Altenberger Straße 69
A-4040 Linz
Ph.: +43 732 2468-9856
E-Mail: remi(/\t)oeh.jku.at


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(CNN) -- A fast-moving wildfire that has sent thousands fleeing in eastern Arizona is the second-largest blaze in the history of the state, records show.
The so-called Wallow Fire sweeping through Apache National Forest has burned approximately 389,000 acres, Incident commander Joe Reinarz told reporters Tuesday.
That surpasses the 2005 Cave Creek wildfire previously ranked the second-largest blaze in Arizona history. It scorched 248,310 acres, according to records published on the Southwest Coordination Center regional interagency website.
The Rodeo/Chediski blaze of 2002, which burned 468,638 acres, was Arizona's largest wildfire, officials said.
Unless the low humidity rises and the high winds die down, the current blaze could continue to spread, fire officials warned. The National Weather Service issued a red flag alert for Wednesday along all but the northernmost tip of Arizona's eastern border. The alert puts the area at extreme risk for fire.
The weather service also issued a red flag alert for southwestern and northeastern New Mexico.
The forecast calls for 20 mph winds with gusts of up to 35 mph in Arizona, which could spark spot fires beyond the current containment zone and force the evacuation of more people.
"Further evacuations will come if this does not hold tonight," Reinarz said.
The fire has put 343 structures at risk, however only 10 have been destroyed so far, officials said.
As many as 3,000 additional people were evacuated Tuesday, a Red Cross official said. They join an estimated 2,700 others who've abandoned their homes in eastern Arizona.
U.S. Sen. Jon Kyl and his wife who were forced to leave their cabin in Greer because of the advancing fire, according to CNN affiliate KNXV.
Residents living south of State Highway 260 and east of Greer, including South Fork and parts of Eagar, were told to leave their homes, fire officials said.
Residents of Springerville, which is just north of the evacuation line, have been told they should be prepared to leave their homes.
"We're going to evacuate if they tell us to go," resident Lee Murdock told CNN affiliate KTVK. "There ain't nothing I own that's worth as much as the family."
Murdock said he's moved livestock to the fairgrounds in nearby St. Johns because of the advancing fire.
Meanwhile, firefighters struggled Tuesday to gain advantages over a blaze that produced dense plumes of smoke that were visible from space and thick enough to reduce visibility to less than a mile in some places, according to the National Weather Service.
Spillover smoke from the Arizona blaze disrupted flights and prompted an air quality alert in neighboring New Mexico on Tuesday. The weather service's air quality alert for Wednesday includes most of northwest New Mexico west of Interstate 25 and north of U.S. Highway 60.
New Mexico officials told residents in the town of Luna to be prepared to leave, according to Terri Wildermuth, a spokeswoman for the Incident Management Team overseeing firefighting efforts.
"I'm starting to feel like I've been chain-smoking and all my clothes smell like I've been camping," said CNN iReporter Eric Place, who lives in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
"Sometimes, not like huge flakes, but little ash particles, are visible."
In Arizona, the Red Cross has set up an evacuation center at a school in Lakeside.
So far, about 75 evacuees have checked into the shelter, said Weldon, though not everyone was expected to stay.
More than 2,000 firefighters are engaged in the fight against the fire, along with 20 helicopters, 141 fire engines, 46 water tenders and eight bulldozers, according to officials.
The blaze remained at 0% containment Tuesday night.
The National Weather Service warned critical fire weather, with low humidity and high winds, would continue at least through Wednesday in Arizona. The National Interagency Fire Center said similar conditions would heighten the risk of fires across the southwest, including Arizona, New Mexico, southeastern Colorado and west Texas.
Including Wallow, there are currently seven active wildfires burning across Arizona, according to InciWeb, an online state-by-state database of fires and other disasters. The Arizona wildfires also include three separate blazes that have consumed 165,017 acres in the Coronado National Forest. One of them has been burning since May 8, according to InciWeb.


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Icelandic band Of Monsters and Men was proclaimed "the next Arcade Fire" in Rolling Stone magazine this fall, after the release of the debut album, My Head is an Animal.
Hailing from the land of Bjork and Sigur Ros, they were initially a group of friends who loved each other's music and played together. Lead singer Nanna Hilmarsdottir had been a solo act and her backup musicians formed the basis of the band.
But when they won Iceland's battle of the bands competition, Músiktilraunir, in 2010, their sound moved to another level and that's when they decided to call themselves Of Monsters and Men.
Hilmarsdottir and singer/guitarist Raggi Thorhallsson discovered they like writing songs together especially fantastical stories involving wolves and bees, kings and bears.
Thorhallsson says the pair discovered common ground in the stories, often disguising their own experiences with a fantasy tale.
That is partly the Iceland story-telling tradition, Hilmarsdottir said.
Songwriting is "a really good way for us to connect and tell a story together. We are fascinated by stories and anything could happen. It's almost childlike," she said in an interview with CBC's Q cultural affairs show.
She said band members are doing their best to stay level-headed and remain friends, after a journey that took them from a tiny island with a population of 320,000 to U.S. festivals like Lolapalooza where they played in front of 20,000 people.
"This experience doesn't happen for a lot of people. A lot of people want this experience, we just keep that in mind," she said.
After being picked up by a Seattle radio station, Of Monsters and Men has had a growing profile in North America, including a gig at Montreal's Osheaga festival this summer.
My Head is an Animal has reached number 6 on the American Billboard Top 100, the highest ranking ever for any Icelandic band.