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IRA FLATOW, host:
This is TALK OF THE NATION: SCIENCE FRIDAY. I'm Ira Flatow.
The front page of a local New York City newspaper screams - "Drink Up. No Bottles About It: City Pushes Tap Water." The newspaper AM New York details New York's new campaign against city dwellers to drink some of the best water in the world - the stuff that flows out of the Big Apple's own faucets.
Meanwhile, in San Francisco, the mayor has first banned plastic garbage bags, and now, he's forbidden the city and County of San Francisco from buying bottled water. Well, you could see the mayor's point. You got all these plastics bag - plastic bags. They're cheap, they're popular, but you can't recycle them very easily so they turn up everywhere as litter and so do empty water plastic bottles.
Listen to this statistic, the U.S. buys more bottled water than anyone else, and making these bottles takes up more than one and a half million barrels of oil every year. About 86 percent of our empties end up in the trash and can take up to a thousand years to decay. Wow. So some cities like San Francisco are leading the ban on plastics that are not biodegradable. Researchers, meanwhile, are trying to come up with alternatives, right? Alternatives sound good, but it's really not that simple, because while some new packaging may be biodegradable, it may have other drawbacks. It may not be really as green as you think it is. So you have to be very careful, and you have to think very carefully about the alternatives.
For example, in Canada, one team of scientist thinks it has the answer - biodegradable plastics made from canola oil. This hour, we're going to talk with a biochemist about his team's new work, making plastic from canola oil. Are these the grocery bags of the future? Or, are we going to be faced with another problem? If you make plastics out of canola oil, you have less oil to use in making food, in cooking. Does that make a shortage of it? We'll talk about that. And, you know, plastic isn't the only material under the microscope.
Design & Source Productions is packaging - is a packaging design and production company that offers plastics made from corn, and paper made without wood but from the earth. We'll talk about this product that looks like paper, feels like paper, but it's made out of stuff that comes out of the earth.
And meanwhile, like San Francisco, European countries are already using sustainable packaging. What can we learn from their experiences? Let's see what we can find out this hour. And maybe you have some suggestions of your own. Our number, 1-800-989-8255. 1-800-989-TALK.
My first guest today can tell us about what's happening with green packaging in Europe and what the U.S. can learn from that. Jane Bickerstaffe is director of Industry Council for Packaging and the Environment, known as INCPEN. Ms. Bickerstaffe is trained as a biochemist and spent many years of experience working with industry and politicians on environmental issues. And she joins us today from BBC Radio Berkshire in Reading, England. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.
Ms. JANE BICKERSTAFFE (Director, INCPEN): Hello, Ira. Thanks for inviting me.
FLATOW: You're welcome. Nicole Smith is an architect and environmental director of Design & Source Productions here. Design & Source Productions is in New York City and they make sustainable packaging materials. Ms. Smith joins us today, right here on NPR New York Bureau. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.
Ms. NICOLE SMITH (Architect and Environmental Director, Design & Source Productions): Thanks, Ira. Thanks for having me.
FLATOW: You're welcome. My third guest is a biochemist Suresh Narine, and he's associate professor in the Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, that's in Canada, where he's also director of the Alberta Lipid Utilization Program. Dr. Narine joins us today by phone from Toronto. Welcome to SCIENCE FRIDAY.
Dr. SURESH NARINE (Director, Alberta Lipid Utilization Program): Thank you, Ira.
FLATOW: Let me ask you, Jane, first. Are bans on plastic grocery bags and water bottles - bottles like the one the mayor of San Francisco decreed - is that a good idea?
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: Well, I think it's too simplistic an approach, because when you introduced to the beginning, you were saying - you were talking about litter, you were talking about use of resources. I think what needs to happen with all these things is you need to define what is the problem and what are we trying to solve, because there are different solutions in different areas.
FLATOW: Mm-hmm. Well - so you look across the pond at us - are there any lessons we can learn from what you folks are doing over there?
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: Yeah, I think so. What we've realized is that there isn't green packaging or sustainable packaging per se. What you've got to do is look at what you're trying to achieve. You're trying to get goods from the point of production to where you use them, and do that with a minimum use of materials and energy.
The point of using the packaging is to enable that process to take place. And the best way of making that more sustainable is to tailor the packaging to the product. So, you know, people say, well, paper degrades - glass doesn't. Does that mean paper is better than glass? It doesn't, necessary. Paper can't pack liquids, whereas glass can. You've got to look at it in the context of the supply chain and of the product, because if - some of these new packaging developments are very interesting, but are they extending the shelf life of the product? What are they offering in terms of the job they're trying to do, protecting products?
FLATOW: Mm-hmm. Nicole Smith, what was your reaction to the mayor of San Francisco's ban?
Ms. SMITH: I actually don't see it as that big of a problem. I mean, he's only banning it inside government buildings. I think this is sort of the largest misconception about the ban is they thought, oh, no one in the city is going to be able to buy a bottled water. I can only buy a Coke when I'm out. That's not really the situation. He's just saying, I'm not going to fit the bill anymore for every employee of the city to drink bottled water. You're going to have to drink out of the tap. Is that such a bad thing? I don't think so. I definitely do agree with Jane. There's materials for everything, and you sort of have to look at the pros and cons for each situation.
FLATOW: Let's talk about some of the materials. You're making some of the new materials that you've brought with us, and we're making a video - let's see if we're able to watch in on our Web site. Particularly interested in this product called terra skin, it's called a tree-free paper. It feels like paper, but there's no wood or wood pulp in it.
Ms. SMITH: No wood. It's actually made from calcium carbonate. So we say it's made from stone, because you're basically deriving it out of marble or some sort of limestone. And, you know, you get the same durability. Actually, you get a better durability. You get a waterproof paper.
FLATOW: So there must be some plastic or something in it?
Ms. SMITH: There is. There's about 20 percent polyethylene, and that sort of binds the calcium carbonate together. And it really makes for an excellent alternative. We don't see this going into every copying machine and every, you know, Kinkos. It's really just for specific uses, sort of like as - I'm going to reference Jane again, she made a very good point. We think you really have to think about what your packaging, and make the package suit the product because not everything needs a shelf life of 20 years.
FLATOW: Right. Jane, let's talk about some of the instances of what happen when people were banning and disallowing things, or what can happen if we don't really think broadly. You have a story about Ireland being the first country to ban plastic grocery bags, and things sort of backfired there, right?
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: Well, they put a levy on the thin plastic carrier bags, yes. And that was - most supermarkets pulled back from them and either replaced them with paper bags or with what we call bags for life, which are much thicker gauged, reusable carriers. And then, what they realized was one particular store, actually, was needing three times more lorries on the road to deliver those heavier, thicker bags. So when you've - it may have stopped plastics things down one route, but you're actually increasing environmental impact by more transport pollution. And the customs and excise statistics showed that there was more plastics being imported into Ireland after the ban because people used to use the thin bags to line their rubbish bins. They didn't have those, so they had to buy tailor-made bin-liners, which again are much thicker plastic.
FLATOW: Oh, boy. And no one thought that through?
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: No. But that's so true of environmental things. You poke it one place, it doesn't pops up somewhere else. We're very concerned that some of these ideas - I mean, it makes absolute sense that if you've got good tap water, you don't need bottled water when you're at home or in a restaurant. But if you're walking out on the streets and you want to drink, then you do need it. So I'm interested to hear that's its not a total ban in San Francisco.
FLATOW: Mm-hmm. Let me bring on Dr. Narine to talk about his product. You say that you can now make plastics out of canola oil.
Dr. NARINE: That's correct.
FLATOW: Tell us how you do that.
Dr. NARINE: But I would like to comment…
FLATOW: Yes, please.
Dr. NARINE: …on the issue that's being discussed as well. I think it's absolutely great that the mayor decided to do something about it because you're having a show around it. I think that for too long in North America, we have ignored the environmental issues. I agree with Jane that we have to look at the system's view. But oftentimes, the political mileage or the political will to address environmental issues simply isn't there.
I think that when we see that political will being expressed, we have to encourage it, perhaps educated it a little bit. But we do have to encourage it. So I think it's a good thing even if it has to be modified at some point, you know, by cooler heads or perhaps by a more systematic view of things. But I really do believe that it must be encouraged and seen as a development forward.
Europe has had the political will for a very long time, of course. In terms of the packaging that we're making, there're a number of drivers for it, not just environmental. A lot of debate, of course, surrounds the whole issue of increasing prices of fossil fuels and the potential end of fossil fuels. And of course, many of the plastics that - 99 percent, actually, of the plastics that we utilize today derive originally from a petroleum source. And so as we see a rise in prices from petroleum-derived products, we're also seeing a drive to find alternative sources of those products.
If, of course, we can make those products as functional and price competitive as current products being offered, then we have an advantage. We might see some commercialization. And, of course, if we can make them a little bit more environmentally benign, we might also have a selling point. So it's not entirely just an environmental push to look at alternative ways of creating materials, although, of course, it helps if these products can be environmentally benign.
FLATOW: Well, Dr. Narine, tell us about how you make plastics out of canola oil.
Dr. NARINE: Well, canola oil, like soy and flax, which are the major North American oils, are fairly plain oils. They're very unsaturated and so they're very good for you if you were to ingest them. So canola oil is a healthy oil. What we have is a situation in Western Canada where the historical amount of acreage that was under cultivation for canola had been at about a 12-year low when we started this research. And this was mainly because oils like canola and soy, which are grown in North America, are under severe threat from oils that are grown elsewhere, mainly because of the challenges we face, these climatic conditions.
So the world supply situation had ended up pushing down the prices of edible oils so badly that farmers were growing other things. So we have part of a broader look at how to utilize better edible oils and make them more expensive within our center, the Alberta Lipid Utilization Program.
FLATOW: So you don't think that - like critics talk about, using corn to make ethanol that's it's going to drive the price up of corn for people whom, you know, use it as food. You don't think the same thing could happen with canola oil.
Dr. NARINE: We're going to invoke Jane here again. We have to look at a system's view. Using corn to make ethanol is an extremely myopic thing to do. It's fueled mostly - it's like - I can probably try to be as politically incorrect here - but it's fueled by a lobby. It's really not fueled by what makes sense. The amount of energy that comes out of the ethanol from corn versus the amount of energy that has to go in, it's almost a 1 to 1.5 ratio, so it doesn't make any sense. It's being done within a very close system.
And, of course, the price of food goes up as a result of a greater demand for corn for making ethanol. It's a very stupid thing to do actually. However, if we're to look at the amount of biomass that is in the earth right now and the amount that we utilize for food and energy, we utilize about seven to eight percent. So I don't think that unless we start to modify a resource or uses a resource, that becomes - that starts to have inflationary pressures that we have to worry too much about it. In the case of canola oil, because we have so much acreage that is unused at this point, it is actually a good thing.
The market, of course, regulates it in the absence of a lobby. So, for instance, if the demand on canola oil for, say, plastics - if we were to commercialize our research, gets so high - then the price would become one that it doesn't sustain the business, that we can be able to compete.
FLATOW: Let me take a break. I have to remind everybody that I'm Ira Flatow. This is TALK OF THE NATION: SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR News. Talking about alternative packaging this hour. And our number 1-800-989-8255.
Jane, do you agree that there's little danger here of the price of canola oil going up?
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: I think that area has to be looked up, but I'd love to comment Suresh's first point, that it's good that politicians are taking the environment seriously now. And citizens are really aware of it. But I think we have to watch - and we've learned this in Europe - that they find big areas of environmental impact difficult to tackle; packaging, they see, as an easy target.
And, I mean, we did some research looking at the average household's energy use for everything. Eighty-one percent of it is in the products and food that they buy, the central heating and hot water in their homes and their private transport. Packaging is just three percent of the energy. So I think the chairman of Earth Day in the states had it right a couple of years ago when he said people have to get a sense of perspective. They drive their SUVs to the grocery store and then stand there agonizing over whether to choose paper or plastic. It's actually a tiny, tiny impact.
FLATOW: But we see it everywhere. I mean, it could serve as a, you know, as a reminder, could it not? That you're actually working and doing something, or that you want to?
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: Yes, I mean, but restricting packaging, you've got to watch that you don't have the unintended side effects.
Ms. SMITH: I would like to input on that. I completely agree, and I was at the - there's actually a coalition here. We're sort of based in the U.S. but it's a global initiative of Sustainable Packaging Coalition. And we actually had our last meeting in Europe because we thought to ourselves, well, the Europeans are just so far ahead. We need to understand what they're doing. And surprisingly, you sort of get the feeling that they've been so regulated that maybe what they're having to use now, what the government decided was the best solution isn't always the best solution. And I think the U.S., we particularly have a great opportunity here to jump ahead of the government before they regulate us and do something great. And it's sort of being pushed by a large - a lot of large corporations who were saying we want to do the right thing, how do we do it?
FLATOW: They view it as a good - as a real market…
Ms. SMITH: Oh, definitely.
FLATOW: …alternative packaging, green packaging.
Ms. SMITH: Definitely, yeah.
Dr. NARINE: I do believe that political mileage can be harnessed, though. I think that if the concerns are there, that we simply need to harness it. And if we're seeing runaway policies - certainly, I believe that if a politician is willing to take a step forward, I'd imagine it'd be more apt to listen to arguments, because the thoughts are in the right direction, aren't they?
Ms. SMITH: They are, but you often see - and I just see it with corporations that they choose to make a stop in the right direction and either an NGO or somebody else jumps down their throat because they didn't like the decision they made. And I can see that happening even harder for a politician to have to eat his words and say I made the wrong decision after selling it to somebody else, you know. You really have to really stand up and say, this is absolutely the best decision. It'll be in place forever. And I think that sort of that hard part of taking this into regulation. Once you make that step, you sort of get stuck.
FLATOW: All right. We're going to take a short break. Come back and go to the phones, take your calls on packaging, your pros and cons, what are your feelings about it. Stay with us. We'll be right back.
(Soundbite of music)
We're talking this hour about green packaging. My guests are Nicole Smith, architect and environmental director of Design & Source Productions in New York City; Suresh Narine, who is director of the Alberta Lipid Utilization Program at the University of Alberta in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; and Jane Bickerstaffe, director of the Industrial Council for Packaging and the Environment in Reading, England.
Our number 1-800-989-8255. Let's go to the phone. Let's go to Nora in Minneapolis. Hi, Nora.
NORA (Caller): Hi.
FLATOW: Hi, there.
NORA: I'm calling - I have a small company in Minneapolis and we make banners and flags and table covers and we work mostly business to business. But since 2001, we've been printing on a fabric made out of a hundred percent recycled soda bottles. And we print with water-based inks, so we're taking some of, I think, you know, a lot of the landfills and upcycling and making it into a better product. Since we've been doing this, it's been really hard to get any businesses' attention except last year, we convinced a Minnesota Pollution Control Agency to make all of their banners and graphics and table covers at the Minnesota Eco Experience at the state fair last summer, and I - almost all of them were made out of this eco-fab, the recycled soda bottles.
FLATOW: Let me ask Nicole Smith, your reaction to that.
Ms. SMITH: Well, we actually work with the similar material, but ours is sort of multi-purposeful - we can do clothing, we can do bags, we can - it really mimics any polyester you really work with and I think it's fantastic. And I think it brings up a good point when you see some of these bans that - sort of what Jane was touching on - you're going to see other things pay consequences. And, you know, the bottles can be reused. They are what William McDonough would say a technical nutrient. And you can see these materials get recycled infinitely if we have the infrastructure.
FLATOW: They make fleece, the fleece…
Ms. SMITH: Yeah. Fleece Patagonia house jacket out of it. There's a lot of companies that are looking into this material right now, and I think you're going to see more demand for this.
FLATOW: All right. Thanks for calling.
NORA: Sure.
FLATOW: Our number 1-800-989-8255.
You have, Nicole, brought with you some toys, some props. You have a Chameleon Packaging.
Ms. SMITH: That's just the name of our environmental division. And what you're actually holding is a PLA box.
Ms. SMITH: PLA. Polylactic acid made by NatureWorks and it's a…
FLATOW: From corn.
Ms. SMITH: …corn-based plastic. So I'm assuming, Dr. Narine, this is very similar to what you're making with the canola oil. Is it similar together?
Dr. NARINE: The technology is quite different…
Ms. SMITH: Okay.
Dr. NARINE: …but similar results, yes.
Ms. SMITH: Okay.
FLATOW: What ever happened to biodegradable plastics years ago?
Ms. SMITH: That would be it.
FLATOW: This would be it.
Ms. SMITH: Yeah.
FLATOW: They were going to make all these garbage bags and trash bags out of them.
Ms. SMITH: We also have bags.
FLATOW: You don't see very many of them advertised in the store.
Ms. SMITH: Yeah, because you typically see a slightly higher price point.
FLATOW: Still, price is still everything?
Ms. SMITH: It is. You know, I think some of these companies that really are trying to make a change in packaging are starting to budget it in. But until you can make it really price competitive, it's going to be a hard sell for any corporation because in the end, it's the consumer choosing, well, do I pay an extra x amount for this product or do I buy the environmentally friend one?
FLATOW: Jane, do you find that to be true also, that the price is going to always be the point here.
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: It's the price and the barrier properties. I mean, the clever thing about the traditional plastics is that by using tiny layers of different ones, you can actually vary whether you have a gas barrier or water permeable barrier. The biodegradable polymers at the moment aren't that clever, but they're getting better all the time, and there's so much innovation in this area that I'm sure we will see breakthroughs on it.
But we still feel very strongly from the experience of these new materials is that no material has a monopoly of environmental virtues - some degrade, some are recyclable, some have environmental properties that allow you to reduce lorries and stack things higher in warehouses. And we need a more holistic approach to it, not sort of the single issue saying this is good because of x, y, z. It may not be as back to where I started, really. If it works well, then - and stops the product going to waste because product damage, you know, 10 times more resources than the products and that should be a real driver for what packaging we choose.
FLATOW: Well, how do you create a holistic approach? What do you - I've heard you say this a couple of times, but what does that translate into?
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: Well, it translates into stepping back and saying, okay, you're going to make a product here and you have to get it to the consumer there. Now, how do I choose a minimum amount of material so that I fabricate it with a minimum amount of energy, and it protects the product? So you don't get product wastage. And then you look at the next stage in the chain and say, now, I've got find a way of putting it into a lorry to take it somewhere safe.
So you've got to design from the lorry backwards. You design the transport packaging and you design the grouping packaging, and then the individual packaging around it. Because the consumers don't know about the supply chain, they don't realize that everything goes through there. And there were so many tradeoffs in that area that if you take this approach, you will come up with the right solutions.
I mean, I'll give you one example of - sometimes, it's sensible to increase the packaging, not reduce it, even though the politicians think they just want to reduce. One of our members is packaging televisions and decided that instead of using forklift trucks to lift them in the warehouse, he's going to use clamp trucks.
And by doing that, he could get away with one - remove one complete layer of transport packaging. But, the boxes themselves where the televisions are actually came under so much extra pressure that they had to be increased. But he could stack them twice as high, which reduced the warehousing space, which has land use implications. I mean, it - I'm making it round a bit too complicated. It isn't complicated, but there are checklists sort of being developed. The companies…
FLATOW: Well, but what you're saying is that sometimes, the extra energy we put into doing any thing in trying to change may offset the change itself from the use of fossil fuels or…
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: Yeah.
FLATOW: …for pollution. And you have to really factor all of these things and…
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: Yeah.
FLATOW: Yeah.
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: And climate change is a big, big driver and that's what's…
FLATOW: Yeah.
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: …put everything on the map. So we tend, with packaging - to equate packaging with waste and then you look at the waste issues.
FLATOW: Mm-hmm. 1-800-989-8255 is our number.
Professor Narine, how much more expensive were the plastic from canola oil be then? How competitive would it be and how far have you gotten into actually putting it into the stream of plastics?
Dr. NARINE: We're at the lab, at the final stage, Ira. And as far as we can tell because of the processes developed we should be competitive with something like polyethylene mainly because they also generate a number of very high-priced petrochemical byproducts - petrochemical replacements. I do agree that there are issues of not only price but functionality as well. And generally speaking, of course, you don't want your garbage bag to fall apart at the curb with - then leave all of your garbage at the curb as well. So functionality plays a large role.
Another issue I want to put on the table that plays a large role is many of the capitalization for making packaging already exists. And so companies are very leery of using a product that would require then to retool their entire factory. And so another issue that has really been a barrier to technology, to new technology moving into the mainstream is that companies would have to retool in order to produce the materials from them.
So that becomes another very important fulcrum around which technology is much - new technologies must consider if they're going to get it - get out into the mainstream.
The system's view, I don't that we argue with that, Jane. I think it's absolutely essential if we were to get anywhere with these issues. But sometimes, the road towards commercialization with the technology - some things must be answered first. And at the very basic level, what we are grappling with is price, functionality and requirements to recapitalize.
FLATOW: Mm-hmm. 1-800-989-8255. Let's go to Nick(ph) in Green Bay. Hi and welcome, Nick.
NICK (Caller): Hi. I sort of have a question for you. Hypothetically, I go and buy video game for my computer. Why do I need all those cardboards and stuff? Why can't they just package it in a nice, full neat package and save all that stuff for something else? I mean, I'm buying something the size of, like, you know, maybe an inch. And I get a package that's like, you know, a six inches long and three inches wide, why not just, you know, package it to what it and be done with it?
FLATOW: That was - that's the first R, I think, of all the recycling - reduce, right?
Ms. SMITH: Reduce. But, you know, they don't want you walking out with that in your pocket.
(Soundbite of laughter)
Ms. SMITH: That's the biggest concern on that that size issue.
FLATOW: Now - and this is the holistic way of thinking about it.
Ms. SMITH: Yeah.
FLATOW: Let me bring an example in. This is a very good point. We could say - I could say to you, while having a little discussion about this, I could say, well, why don't they put one of those RFID chips, that tiny, little chip and embed it in the package so then - you know when you're leaving the store then you could go back and say, well, because the amount of energy it takes to make that chip may be more than the amount of energy in what the good that you're doing by eliminating the packaging. And so that calculation has to be to be made. Does it not, Jane, that kind of calculation?
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: It - but I do sympathize with the guy who phoned in. Excessive packaging is just so irritating.
Ms. SMITH: Yeah.
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: And we do buy things every day and we think, oh my god, why does it have to be like this? So I think there's an issue for the complete supply chain to actually explain why packaging needs to be there. But at the moment in the U.K., there's a huge interest, there's a television program going on at the moment about excessive packaging.
And you say, well, where is all these excessive packaging. It's not actually on your regular, weekly groceries - you know, your butter, your sugar and bacon. That's packaged pretty minimally. It's actually things like kids' toys, electronic stuff, which is usually coming in from the far east designed for global market and nobody seems to be trying to influence that. I mean, we're discussing it with the U.K. government. There has to be some way that we all, around the world, get together to get rid of these excessive areas because they're small, it's not a great deal of material, but it's so irritating to the public that we could do without it being out there.
FLATOW: You brought along with you today, Nicole, a whole bunch of chameleon packaging, the trademark of different - are these all recyclable or new kinds of packages or…
Ms. SMITH: They're all different. Some are recycled materials. Some are biodegradables. They all sort of have different stories and different applications because, like we are saying before, there's - unfortunately, there's no perfect solution right now. So you sort of have to look away your packaging and sort of say, all right, well, you know, what's the goal of the brand, what's the goal of the product, what can we do.
FLATOW: You have, for example, something called falcata, a hundred percent rapidly renewable falcata tree grows in four to five years.
Ms. SMITH: Yeah, I actually, unfortunately, don't have a sample of that with me, but that actually looks very much like a wood. It, technically, is a wood.
FLATOW: Right.
Ms. SMITH: And it grows in a four-to-five year lifespan, similar to bamboo, and you get some of the same aspects and looks and feel as a wood but you're using a much more rapidly renewable material.
FLATOW: 1-800-989-8255 is our number. We're talking about packaging this hour on TALK OF THE NATION: SCIENCE FRIDAY from NPR News.
You have another product line called Double P, one hundred percent post-consumer recycled - your recycle soda and water bottles.
Ms. SMITH: Yup, so it's like the product we talked about before, and I actually bought a little sample that, unfortunately, your listeners can't see but it actually shows how we actually chip up the soda and water bottles. I actually visit the facilities. These are coming out of Asia, and I actually got to see where they're recycling them, how they're sorting them. They get shredded down into fiber and…
FLATOW: And you've got swatches of this.
Ms. SMITH: Yeah, and made into all different kinds of fabrics and, you know, you've got the same versatility as regular materials but you're actually using a post-consumer recycled content. So, you know, it's like that magic thing where you say what happens to that water bottle when I throw it in my recycling bin. We can actually make this kind of thing with it.
FLATOW: 1-800-989-8255. Let's see if we can get a phone call or two before we go. Let's go to Donovan(ph) in St. Louis. Hi, Donovan.
DONOVAN (Caller): Hi, Ira. Thank you very much for taking my call. I'm an environmental engineer in St. Louis and I work in the water industry, and I just wanted to swing the conversation a little bit toward the bottled water business.
I wanted to comment something that's occurred to me for years, since I've seen bottled water products increased. Of course, it's promoted as being sometimes more healthful and more tasteful, but the reason that cities like San Francisco and New York City are making the effort to keep water bottles at a minimum use is because the public has to keep to belief in equality of the public water supply to keep the water supply at a quality that it is.
In other words, the public has to want to invest in it for it to remake it to high quality that it is. Here in St. Louis, the cholera epidemics of the early 1900 stopped as soon as the public water supply was created. When people started thinking that bottled water is a place where clean water is available and the only place where clean water is available, people's trust in the public water supply will start to diminish and the support of it will start to diminish.
FLATOW: That's very good point. I don't think very many of us thought about that but obviously down in city hall, we have.
DONOVAN: Yeah. The importance of public trust is a big deal. And in the water business that all people use of tap water for is to wash clothes and to wash their hands. The interest in keeping it clean and meeting the requirements, the - becomes less important to the public. Actually, you know, public water has to meet EPA standards that are higher than the bottled water standards that are set by FDA.
FLATOW: You know, and speaking of New York, I remember many years reading, you know, taste test of New York City tap water. They didn't actually test the water. They would be testing bottled water and they'd sneaked in a New York City tap water cup of water ,and would beat out the bottle of water.
DONOVAN: Well, if anyone…
FLATOW: All of that…
DONOVAN: …knew much about the water system in New York City, they'd be amazed in how good it is. It's an amazingly high-quality system, and the same is true for San Francisco. These water systems are designed, you know, they - in those two cases, they use mountain reservoirs to bring the water in and the water quality is extremely high.
There's a great difference water that people think isn't good for them because they can taste it. It might have minerals. It might have sulfur. Those are common in well supplies versus water that is actually not healthy, and there's not a public water supply in United States that's not healthy.
FLATOW: All right. That - go ahead.
DONOVAN: And I was going to say also in China, you know, just a few days ago, we found out that a lot of the bottled water supply in China is actually less healthy than their tap water. I was recently in China and was surprised that I kept hearing that we shouldn't drink the tap water. And for my money, the tap water was perfectly clean.
Ms. SMITH: You didn't drink it? Because I go to China quite often and it's fine if you're living in that scenario but, you know, you don't want to be drinking it from…
FLATOW: We've run out of time. Thank you all for taking time to be with us.
Suresh Narine is associate professor in the Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutritional Science and director of the Alberta Lipid Utilization Program at the University of Alberta in Edmonton; Jane Bickerstaffe is director of the Industry Council for Packaging & the Environment in Reading, England; and Nicole Smith is architect and environmental director of Design & Source Productions here in New York. Thank you all for taking your time to be with us today.
Ms. SMITH: Thank you.
Ms. BICKERSTAFFE: Thank you.
Copyright © 2007 NPR. All rights reserved. Visit our website terms of use and permissions pages at www.npr.org for further information.
NPR transcripts are created on a rush deadline by Verb8tm, Inc., an NPR contractor, and produced using a proprietary transcription process developed with NPR. This text may not be in its final form and may be updated or revised in the future. Accuracy and availability may vary. The authoritative record of NPR's programming is the audio record.


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SEF Doctoral Intern Edna Martinez at the 2013 MSI Governance and Institutional Effectiveness Seminar in Washington, DC
The Higher Education Doctoral Internship provides outstanding doctoral students an opportunity to intern at SEF and gain insight into career opportunities in the nonprofit higher education sector while gaining experiences that compliments their program of study. The doctoral intern assists with the development of SEF's higher education programs and related research projects that in the past have focused on improving the capacity of Minority Serving Institutions (MSIs) to conduct systematic assessments of student learning, improving developmental education, and supporting academic program innovation at MSIs.
Help ensure a doctoral student can have this pivotal developmental experience and make a donation. All donations will go directly towards the student stipend, which represent the majority of program expenses each summer.
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phone: (404) 523-0001 | fax: (404) 523-6904
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Fly Fishing for Steelhead: swinging, nymphing and switch rods
December 5th
Ed and Nick (father and son) are a couple of Steelhead Fly Fishing fanatics. They don't get out nearly as often as they might like but love it all the more because each and every trip is such a special occasion. They enjoy each other's company and we very much enjoy theirs. This was not one of our luckiest days together as with the dropping water temps the bite continued to be a bit soft. Ed swung flies with his switch rod while Nick stuck to nymphing. We found several half pounders but the few big adult Steelhead we were lucky enough to dance with were a bit camera shy, including one very nice buck Nick brought right to the net. Not to worry, we celebrated anyway with an exceptional Italian dinner at Strings in Mount Shasta and were treated to one of Ed's fine award winning boutique wines. You can check out a complete selection of his offerings at La Filice Winery. We look forward to fishing again soon with these deserving guys and help find them some winter chrome!


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Property typevacation hotel business hotel business/seminar hotelyear built 1958year remodeled 0ratingsstars 5 starsadditional hotel descriptionsouth lake hotel is a 5 star business hotel which islocated on the shore of beautiful south lake of changchunnear the train station and the airport. The hotel issurrounded by the green water flourish trees and withvarious kinds of buildings. There are 203 rooms in thehotel including standard rooms superior business roomsdeluxe suites etc. The hotel provides some free servicessuch as free high speed internet two bottles of mineralwater for each room. Idd mini bar well decorated bathrooms are available in each room. In addition it has 13conference rooms which are equipped with the superbfacilities. There are a chinese restaurant a westernrestaurant and a tea bar so the guests can chooseaccording to their likes. The beautiful environment theoriental classical garden designing and the western stylemake it the best place for the guests.
3798 South Lake Rd ChaoyangCP:130022,Changchun,China
Teléfono:No especificadoFax:No especificado


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Add a handsome accent piece with this dark brown doormat in art silk construction.More Details >
Slight napping offers an attractive textured look that emphasizes its natural appeal. Constructed from art silk fabric using a flat method, it's soft and inviting. This contemporary brown doormat works perfectly in a doorway or entryway.


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Buy Now – MxSpy Cell Phone Checking AppMxSpy
Myspace Messenger: get right up to pace with Messenger an instant messaging company is offered by Facebook. Nowadays obtain the Messenger application and post your on line shopping experience. Facebook messenger for mobile and Laptop devices. Myspace s Angle to your Accustomed Program In case you keep receiving note communications on your computer in the Myspace Help Center to put in the Messenger, you could have discovered that you just must install it because the powers that be at Myspace have decided to maneuver conversation messages in the Facebook app towards the Messenger app. After you mount Facebook Messenger you should not experience any concerns,. In fact, you-all of your communications and connections is likely to be relocated and you may nevertheless see your messages on the Facebook website. Facebook Instant Messenger support is fantastic for business and personalized requirements, and Facebook is ensuring its 1billion regular people are area of the move to support position Messenger as being a new business system that is online. Messenger is available as an app for the handheld devices or on your Computer. Myspace Instant Messenger Permits Users to Chat On the software that is personalized Messenger is definitely an online support just like Nimbuzz, INTENTION Skype and much more.
Apps – Websites with
However, Facebooks online messenger service allows people to immediately send their Facebook friends mobile phones to messages that are chat. Myspace Messenger also enables messages to be sent by people to buddies who are signed onto their Facebook records. The great thing about Facebooks online messenger company is that users could make threads and responses on communications from their Facebook friends and become notified when new messages come in. Myspace IM also comes with a team talk function, is definitely an app for cellular devices, and carries a place-mapping tool. While real-time speech, video messaging, and video sharing calls are unavailable through Myspace IM, photographs can be sent by consumers with their pals. This is not inconvenient because Facebook people curently have their pals detailed on their pages. New Methods Instant Messaging Services Are Employed for Smallbusiness In line with the latest technology announcement on Myspace, android parental monitoring the advertising giant has positioned itself to expose buyers and corporations for the IM company to create a greater retail knowledge. Facebook is currently using its advertising wizard -to- peer podium to really make the purchasing experience more wonderful. Myspace IM enables online stores to streamline company services and consumer shopping tastes in to a conversation that is users.
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Interaction between retailers and consumers is very important with Messengers business software, users will have a way to buy issues from participating online retailers, sign up for shipping improvements, get bills, course plans, get loyalty things and coupons, talk to retailers, and study look critiques on select shops. Another advantage is the fact that Facebook business account-holders can use Facebook providers in conjunction. Peer income transfers for the consumers inside their shows, look is today allowed by Facebook Messenger -to- like PayPal. Messenger s url-to- bank card ; allows shoppers to purchase immediately from any merchant with a Facebook Shop page. Facebook Messenger is Creating Quite A Direct Effect Small enterprises and start- advantages may use services connection with customers, for project effort, employing freelancers, much more, and calling personnel that are distant. Daily consumers can use the assistance to modify their shows in real time, and consumers and a live individual from their favorite dealer that is online could eventually connect. To acquire the app for the Android telephone, iPad, iPhone units go-to https:// www.messenger.com/ or visit the app-store in your unit.
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Lonza AG Lonza Ltd.
Lonza AG Lonza Ltd. | Date: 2014-06-13
Raw materials, namely, phospholipids used in the production of dietetic substances, nutritional supplements, and pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations.
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Raw materials, namely, phospholipids, used in the production of dietetic substances, nutritional supplements, and pharmaceutical and veterinary preparations.
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Cells for scientific, laboratory, medical research and clinical use including genetic material for protein production.
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Computer software that provides web-based access to manufacturing operations and testing data through a portal interface; all focused on automation, namely, environmental monitoring, utility testing, and product testing; computer hardware and software systems for data capture, collection, labeling and testing in the field of life sciences; data processors and computers; computer peripherals; computer programs and software recorded on data media designed for use in controlling of scientific apparatus and instruments for the transfer of biological molecules into living cells, integration of foreign nucleic acids into the genome of living cells and transient production of proteins; computer software and hardware for mobile collection of sample and testing data in the pharmaceutical, food safety, environmental, forensics, and consumer products industries; computer software for providing an on-line database in the field of transaction processing to upload transactional data, provide statistical analysis, and produce notifications and reports. Business consulting, management, planning and supervision; business management consulting and advisory services, business management and enterprise organization consultancy; business strategic planning services, providing business management information in connection with consulting and advisory services in the field of strategic planning; development of marketing strategies and concepts; business management consultancy as well as development of processes for the analysis and the implementation of strategy plans and management projects; consultation services, namely, creative and strategic consultation regarding development and production of marketing campaigns for others; marketing plan development; planning, design, development, maintenance, tracking and reporting of online marketing activities for others; project management services for others for business purposes; business consultation services, namely, administrative process improvement. Pharmaceutical drug development services; pharmaceutical research and development; scientific laboratory services; scientific and technological services, namely, biological research and analysis; research and research services in the field of the transfer of biological molecules into living cells, integration of foreign nucleic acids into the genome of living cells and transient expression of proteins; scientific research services for others in the field of biochemistry; design and development of computer hardware and software; development and research of new products for others; product development for others; product development consultation; product research and development; information technology consulting services; computer software consulting; consulting services in the fields of selection, implementation and use of computer hardware and software systems for others.


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Chinese Surrealism Artist – Leng Jun (冷军)
Leng Jun (冷军), was born in 1963 in Sichuan. In 1984, he graduated from the fine arts department of Hankou Branch of Wuhan Normal College. Leng Jun is currently the vice president of Wuhan Paintings Academy. His works have participated in various domestic and international exhibitions, and won many awards on National Art Exhibitions. Leng Jun has become a very influential Chinese contemporary artist and the most representative painter in the surrealism painting. With his super realist style, Jun is playing a unique role in Chinese painting area.
Most important feature of his work is extremely realistic. His works show the slightest details of objects and have a striking effect on viewers. His sketch works are used as a source of information to ensure that every painting is vivid and intriguing. During his painting, Leng Jun often approaches the object, scanning to find and understand desired details. With overall view and penetrating into details, Jun strives to achieve the perfect unity of the details and the overall effect.


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Night Ranger Release 'Comfort Me,' Third Song From Upcoming 'Don't Let Up' LP
Subscribe to 98.3 The Snake on
With less than a month to go before the release of their 12th studio album, Don't Let Up, Night Ranger have revealed the album's third single, "Comfort Me."
"The Don't Let Up album is the result of five musicians living and breathing rock 'n' roll 24 hours a day," says singer and bassist Jack Blades in a press release announcing the album. "Thirty-five years on and Night Ranger is once again ready to let the fans know 'It's Only Rock and Roll, but I like it.'"
The band shared Don't Let Up's uptempo opening track "Somehow Someway" at the same time they announced the album's release, and followed it up a week later with the inspirational anthem "Don't Let Go."
Night Ranger have a series of tour dates lined up for the spring and summer, including shows with the Steve Miller Band, Survivor and former Styx singer Dennis DeYoung. You can get more details and tickets at their official website.
Don't Let Up hits stores and digital outlets on March 24, and will also be available in a deluxe edition that features the bonus track "Day and Night" and a DVD with exclusive band interviews and videos for the songs "Running Out of Time" and "Day and Night."
Night Ranger, 'Don't Let Up' Track Listing
1. "Somehow Someway"
2. "Running Out Of Time"
3. "Truth"
4. "Day and Night" (deluxe edition only)
5. "Don't Let Up"
6. "Won't Be Your Fool Again"
7. "Say What You Want"
8. "We Can Work It Out"
9. "Comfort Me"
10. "Jamie"
11. "Nothing Left Of Yesterday"
Rock's 100 Most Underrated Albums


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LexisLibrary and LexisPSL
Sign up for a free trial today and get full access for a weekTrial
The Supreme Court will be dealing with some important public law cases this Easter term. The following cases are due to be heard in the coming months:
1. R (Alvi) v Secretary of State for the Home Department - from 24 April three days have been allocated to hear this appeal, which is being heard together with Secretary of State for the Home Department v Munir. The primary issue is whether the Court of Appeal decision in Pankina v Secretary of State for the Home Department was correctly decided. In Pankina it was decided that the time had come to recognise that, by a combination of legislative recognition and executive practice, the rules made by Home Secretaries for regulating immigration have ceased to be policy and have acquired a status akin to that of law. This is important because a policy document that purported to change the immigration rules had not been laid before Parliament. This case therefore the raises an issue of constitutional importance and of real difficulty.
To read the full opinion piece, you must subscribe to Jordans Public Law Online (if you already subscribe click here to log in).
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An authoritative source of case reports covering every aspect of immigration, asylum and...
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UNCW is 41-for-178 from 3-point range: 23 percent and last among 351 NCAA Division I teams.
The plays have not confused Chris Dixon.
His openness has.
The UNCW guard has found himself wide open time and time again from behind the 3-point arc this season, and each time he has felt more shocked than comfortable.
"I believe I'm forcing it a little bit too much," Dixon said. "When I get open, I feel like I'm surprised that I'm open and I'm forcing it."
He isn't alone.
As a team, the Seahawks have struggled from long range through the first 11 games of the season. UNCW is 41-for-178 from 3-point range: 23 percent and last among 351 NCAA Division I teams.
"As far as the team's standards go, everybody is pretty disappointed. I just kind of think it's one of those things where we just started out in a slump those first two games and haven't got out," guard Tanner Milson said.
UNCW started the year by going 2-for-23 from 3-point range against Iowa. The team hit at least five in each of its next four games, but has since gone 17-for-86 over the next six games (16.2 percent).
At this point last season, the Seahawks were 50-for-153, averaging 13.9 attempts and 4.5 made shots per game. This season, UNCW is shooting more than 16 times per game and not averaging four made shots.
Milson is the team leader in percentage (40), makes (18) and attempts (45). The only other player to connect on 10 3-pointers this year is Addison Spruill (11-for-41). Of all the players on the UNCW roster who have shot at least seven 3-pointers this season, only Milson is hitting at least 30 percent.
"We really haven't made a huge deal out of it. We've done some drills for it, we've got up plenty of shots," UNCW head coach Buzz Peterson said.
"It's not like they're taking bad shots, they're just missing some."
To help turn things around, players have spent time in the gym shooting on their own. Practices have also featured a lot of set plays designed to get 3-point shots up with defenders closing in.
Just because the team has struggled, doesn't mean the 3-point philosophy will be altered. Thanks to seasoned guard play, UNCW feels comfortable with getting looks from behind the arc. The next step is making them.
"(The coaches) have faith in us. They haven't yelled at us yet for shooting 3s," Dixon said. "They understand we're in a slump too, and we'll come out of it sometime."
Milson knows opposing teams will probably play zone defense against his team because they don't think the Seahawks can shoot from long-range.
That is an opportunity in itself.
"It doesn't hurt that you haven't been making shots and the other team kind of wants you to shoot them," he said. "You're going to get a few more here and there."
Alex Riley: 343-2034
On Twitter: @AlexRileySports


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Community Tire
ReScore Reviews™ (1)
100% Would Recommend
Latest Review 1 day ago
Review for Community Tire
Marysue R. on 12/14/2012
Marysue said this business was very nice and friendly. This business was accommodating and the facility was clean.
Vehicle: Volkswagen Jetta
Category: Service
Service Date: 12/11/2012
Review Created: 12/14/2012
This review was collected via phone interview by Customer Research Inc.


text: The makeup team from fx's hit series 'American Horror Story' will be doing a live demonstration at Cinema Makeup School recreating the sinister Twisty the Clown from Season 4's 'Freak Show'! Open house starts at 3pm, demonstration begins at 5pm. This demo is open to the publc but you must RSVP to email@example.com with your full name.


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Katy Perry wants to befriend Daniel Radcliffe
Perry, who is dating singer John Mayer, even sent a message to the "Harry Potter" star to contact her soon.
"Oh please, this isn't the third grade. Just ring me, Daniel. Don't be shy, or get your people to call mine if you like," thesun.co.uk quoted Perry as saying.
Although she is in a relationship, she would love to be good friends with Radcliffe.
"I am totally taken so it's not about that. I think he's cool and I'd really like to get to know him. We'll all go out and party," she said.


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At the age of eight I decided I would be a chef. In fact that year for Christmas most of my gifts were kitchen related. At the age of 19 I decided I did not want to be a chef and returned to Siena College for my junior season of cross country after a semester off (at the encouragement of the Academic Dean).
I had worked in the kitchen at Mike's Pizza Adobe in Schenectady and found it to be miserable work. Little did I know it was the food and not the work that wasn't my speed.
I never entered a professional kitchen again until I was 35 when the world of retail had worn thin on me due to the fact that my type of people skills were not tolerant of people. It was at Café Capriccio that I really found myself serious about food, but not serious about the business side.
After that I worked in way too many places that were not inspiring, and some were downright discouraging. It wasn't until the last couple of years or so that I find myself extremely serious about all aspects of the business, with food at the top of the list.
Perhaps it's the fact that as I get older I start to think about a legacy in this industry, or perhaps I've finally grown up. Who knows?
Here's a list of my relevant experience, not a complete employment history which would be embarrassing.
Yawning Duck Culinary Services in Schuylerville as Chef/Owner from December 2006 – present. I provide high-end, multiple course dinner and cocktail parties in client's homes, private cooking classes and restaurant/menu consulting.
The Wine Bar in Saratoga Springs as Chef from July 2011- January
Grappa '72 in Albany from March 2010 – November 2010.
Chez Sophie in Malta and Saratoga Springs as Assistant Chef from January 2004 – May 2004 and June 2005 – October 2005 April 2009 – September 2009
Chameleon on the Lake in Saratoga Springs as Executive Chef from May 2004 – December 2004
Café Capriccio in Albany as Executive Chef from January 2000 – June 2003.


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Global Profilers Jobs in Nigeria : IT Officer
Welcome to Jobsinnigeria.careers. This website helps you to achieve your career dream by linking you to vacancies from Top Companies in Nigeria. Job Seekers are also exposed to best articles for career growth and development. Click Here to Subscribe for Job Alerts We strongly advise graduates not to pay money before getting a Job. Report fraudulent jobs to [email protected]
- Company: Global Profilers
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- Job category: IT/Telecom Jobs in Nigeria
The ProfilersGroup subsidiary, Globalprofilers is an international recruitment & HR consultancy company, we are providing a wide range of recruitment and selection services to local and international companies in Africa. Our Team of dedicated consultants offers businesses to get the right and best talent across wide range of sectors and professions.
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IT Officer
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- Managing the Installation and configuration of computer hardware and software systems.
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- Troubleshooting system and network problems and diagnosing and solving hardware or software faults;
- Replacing parts as required;
- Providing support, including procedural documentation and relevant reports;
- Following diagrams and written instructions to repair a fault or set up a system;
- Supporting the roll-out of new applications;
- Setting up new users' accounts and profiles and dealing with password issues;
- Responding within agreed time limits to call-outs;
- Working continuously on a task until completion (or referral to third parties, if appropriate);
- Performing 1st and 2nd and sometimes 3rd level support
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- Rapidly establishing a good working relationship with customers and other professionals, such as software developers and hardware maintenance engineers;
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- excellent listening and questioning skills, combined with the ability to interact confidently with staff to establish what the problem is and explain the solution;
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Quick Reference
Canadian poet and writer, born in Douglas, New Brunswick, educated at the University of New Brunswick. Roberts is sometimes regarded as the father of Canadian poetry, chiefly because the ...
From: Roberts, Sir Charles G. D. in The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Literature in English »
Subjects: Literature.
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We propose longitudinal and microgenetic evaluation of early human vocalizations as a foundation for speech. The work starts with focus on typical vocal development within an evolutionarily-informed, dynamic systems framework illuminating key features of vocal development. The work proceeds to test the key features in terms of their roles in predicting development and anomalies of development (autism, language delay). The basic work focuses on: 1) the infant tendency to actively explore vocalization, creating and systematically repeating categories (at first, squeals, growls, vowel-like sounds, etc.) that become increasingly speech-like across the 1st year, 2) the infant tendency to engage in interaction using those categories;3) the caregiver tendency to attend to infant vocalization and recognize both the infant vocal categories and how they express infant state and social functions;and 4) the dynamic interaction, where caregiver and infant respond systematically to vocalizations and modulate reactions in ways that are specific to the infant vocal categories and their functions. This work breaks ground by: 1) focusing in much more detail than in prior work on the vocal categories that form the fulcrum of caregiver-infant vocal interaction, affecting both vocalizations and their social functions;2) improving perspectives on change through microgenetic approaches with computer-interactive diary data from caregivers, extensive laboratory recordings, and all-day recordings in the home;3) enhancing perspectives on both infant and caregiver vocalizations through sophisticated coding of both lab and home recordings by trained observers and acoustic analysts across many dimensions of action during the 1st 30 months of life;4) exploiting advanced quantitative tools (lag sequential analysis, recurrence quantification analysis, and neural network modeling) to facilitate rapid and insightful processing of vocalization data;and 5) providing automated analysis of infant vocal categories and caregiver vocal reactions at unprecedented scales (thousands of hours of naturalistic recording) informed and validated by an extensive body of human coded and acoustically analyzed data. These approaches will yield extraordinary potential impact by providing an empirical typically-developing reference point for developmental interpretation. Impact studies will test the key variables of vocal category development and interaction determined by the research using automated analytical tools also produced in the research as predictors of 1) development, 2) differentiation of three groups of children (typically developing, autistic, language delayed), and 3) outcome measures of language and social development in an existing database including 1486 all-day recordings.
This work will provide scientific foundations in vocal development and language, and foundations for automated large-scale developmental monitoring of typically developing infant vocalizations and interactions. The work will predict developmental level, anomalies of development (autism, language delay) and outcomes on language and social measures.
|Farran, Lama K; Lee, Chia-Cheng; Yoo, Hyunjoo et al. (2016) Cross-Cultural Register Differences in Infant-Directed Speech: An Initial Study. PLoS One 11:e0151518
|Iyer, Suneeti Nathani; Denson, Hailey; Lazar, Nicole et al. (2016) Volubility of the human infant: Effects of parental interaction (or lack of it). Clin Linguist Phon 30:470-88
|Oller, D Kimbrough; Dale, Rick; Griebel, Ulrike (2016) New Frontiers in Language Evolution and Development. Top Cogn Sci 8:353-60
|Griebel, Ulrike; Pepperberg, Irene M; Oller, D Kimbrough (2016) Developmental Plasticity and Language: A Comparative Perspective. Top Cogn Sci 8:435-45
|Oller, D Kimbrough; Griebel, Ulrike; Warlaumont, Anne S (2016) Vocal Development as a Guide to Modeling the Evolution of Language. Top Cogn Sci 8:382-92
|VanDam, Mark; Oller, D Kimbrough; Ambrose, Sophie E et al. (2015) Automated Vocal Analysis of Children With Hearing Loss and Their Typical and Atypical Peers. Ear Hear 36:e146-52
|Oller, D Kimbrough (2014) Phonation takes precedence over articulation in development as well as evolution of language. Behav Brain Sci 37:567-8; discussion 577-604
|Patten, Elena; Belardi, Katie; Baranek, Grace T et al. (2014) Vocal patterns in infants with autism spectrum disorder: canonical babbling status and vocalization frequency. J Autism Dev Disord 44:2413-28
|Franklin, Beau; Warlaumont, Anne S; Messinger, Daniel et al. (2014) Effects of Parental Interaction on Infant Vocalization Rate, Variability and Vocal Type. Lang Learn Dev 10:279-2996
|Warlaumont, Anne S; Richards, Jeffrey A; Gilkerson, Jill et al. (2014) A social feedback loop for speech development and its reduction in autism. Psychol Sci 25:1314-24
Showing the most recent 10 out of 17 publications


text:
Contact Info / Websites
Recent Game Reviews
Mini Ninja
Rated 2.5 / 5 stars
A fair first attempt
If this is indeed your first attempt at a flash game, it's not a bad start, but there are some fairly large problems with it. First off, it is quite obvious that some of the scenes in this game are copied from Nevermore; I noticed this as soon as I entered the fourth screen.
Another problem is simply the coding. You can't go back at the fourth screen, walking downhill is not smooth, and you can randomly jump through certain objects. You don't even need to speak with the ninja to open the door; it opens after leaving the cave and coming right back, and if you go right back outside after that, the game glitches and you can't do anything.
Also, a game of this type should be much longer and have a more interesting plot.
One thing I thought you did pretty well was the main character. I really like the idle animation, and the jump is nice too. The run cycle works but it could use some more inbetweens.
Keep practicing and you can make something great!
Retro electronic game
Rated 5 / 5 stars
A nice game...
but just a quick question. Is there only a certain amount of dots? After my score reached 747, the dots stopped appearing. It didn't let me submit my score so I would assume that it's not supposed to just stop like that. Either way, it's a fun game. :3
Recent Art Reviews
Luring in my new friends
Rated 4 / 5 stars
From the delightfully wavy hair, to the apparent indifference to being under water, I very much enjoy this picture. I absolutely love the expression and the madness it conveys.
I get a very dark tone from this image, one that contrasts powerfully against the bright imagery. Was such a tone your intent? It seems it may have been, judging from the title.
By tone, I presume you mean something evil is about to take place in this image? ahaha
It wasn't my intention but with the title, I can see how that comes across as such. It was supposed to be more light-hearted than anything :U
Glitter Veins
Rated 4 / 5 stars
The head in this piece is mostly fantastic; it looks very natural. The hair is pretty believable too, but I feel that the hand in this picture is excessively awkward. It appears deformed, and the fingers are bent in strange ways. Also, the wrist is thicker than the base of the arm.
However, the face is so solid that I didn't even notice the hand's problems at first. A nice piece all things considered.
The wrist especially, I am dissatisfied with. The smaller width continuing down the arm isn't noticable at first though I only realized this after I was done that it was disproportional. In the referrence photo, her fingers do bend as such, so either it could be that I had the degree of the joints off slightly or your point of view was off when examining them. Even with said mistakes, I still like this one. I don't have many watercolour paintings, and even though this isn't either I like it as a reference.
Thank you for commenting, thoughts are much appreciated. ^^
Rated 3 / 5 stars
This piece shows potential, but it really doesn't capture the charm of the original character or the excellent style of Alex Ahad. The proportions seem off, as the arms appear longer than the legs. The hat is fairly solid though.
On an unrelated note, I thought the game looks pretty good. I was exited to learn that Cerebella is voiced by Cristina Vee.


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Paul Holowko, OsmoBot CTO and cofounder, spends his weeks building OsmoBot - our hydroponic/aquaculture monitor - and his weekends working on loftier goals: growing food in hermetically sealed environments.
You are looking at Paul's 5th biosphere. His first and second started by imitating a California bog. His third introduced a ocean water into the equation as his carbon dioxide levels were too high in his first two. His fourth further improved on the advances of the third and now his fifth is attempting to truly imitate the cycles on earth in as many ways as possible.
The keys to creating a successful biosphere, Paul has learned, are: microbiology and monitoring. Because his first biospheres did not fully mimic the cycles in nature, his micro-biome went monoculture very quickly. So he started closely monitoring key parameters like oxygen, CO2, temperature, and humidity (sound familiar?) to get a better sense of what was going on and what tweaks he needed to make. The inspiration to add a marine element was huge and now he is truly trying to imitate earth... in his garage. An impressive weekend endeavor.
While this is only tangentially related to OsmoBot, we think it's super cool. Feel free to comment below with thoughts and feedback!
Leave a Reply.


text:
Sola fides
From RationalWiki
| Christ died so we may
write articles about
|A multi-chef broth
|Devil's in the details
|The pearly gates
Sola fides (Latin for "faith alone"[1]) is the doctrine taught in most branches of Protestant Christianity that states that salvation is earned solely by acceptance of Jesus' execution by the Roman authorities as a sacrifice for the sin of humanity, and that one's works of good will or charity have no bearing on one's right to a place in Heaven. This doctrine was based on Martin Luther's interpretation of the words of Paul on Salvation, which claims that good works are not sufficient to achieve salvation in the eyes of YHWH.[2]
This doctrine is not universally accepted by all Christian denominations; the Roman Catholic Church in particular rejects sola fides, treating heaven as a meritocracy of the faithful.
See also[edit]
- ↑ It is properly pronounced /'sola 'fides/, though if you want to tweak fundies, you can always say /'sola fi:dz/ so you can say "Sola fides? In my vagina?"
- ↑ Romans 9:30-33 being one example of Paul's teaching.
This religion-related article is a stub.
You can help RationalWiki by expanding it.
You can help RationalWiki by expanding it.


text:
Podcast Preservation Foundation
Expand Messages
- You may see this popping up in a variety of online news sources today:
San Antonio, TX - A new activist group has formed and is pushing state,
national and world-wide legislation to help preserve and maintain the
historical value of the new media phenomenon known as podcasting.
"We've seen incredible growth in the last two years" says founding
member Steve Eley of Escape Pod, one of the first podcasts made
available. "A driving concern is that this rapid growth and huge success
could result in further change which may take podcasting down a road
completely foreign to the original intentions of our chosen profession".
He sites recent incursions by several large media companies into the
realm of podcasting as well as new devices and distribution models as
evidence as the need for further action.
According to CC Chapman of Accident Hash, "Record companies are the
among the biggest offenders and are literally flooding our 'airwaves'
with commercial music. In a few years it will be nearly impossible for
the independent artist to be heard above the din."
Adam Curry agrees. "We need to stem the tide of commercial dollars
before it overwhelms our movement. I think advertising and sponsorship
deals are one of the biggest inhibitors to our future growth. We need to
keep these incursions in check, and PodShow is committed to keeping the
big guys at bay".
But not everyone is thrilled at the potential impact of the group.
"Personally, I'm not comfortable giving my my six-figure sponsorship
deal with Pepsi, or my licensing deal with Arista records. If I can put
my kids through college through podcasting... who are these guys to take
that away from me". That's from Dan Klass formerly of The Bitterest
Pill, recently acquired by Clear Channel Communications.
Senator John Edwards, the first political candidate to podcast his
platform in 2005, agrees in principal with the foundation, and has
promised to introduce legislation which would make a legal definition
for the term "podcasting". "We're just getting started", said Sen.
Edwards "and by the time this is done, I'm confident that international
groups all the way up the UN will stand behind this critical piece of
legislation. Podcasting is important, and I think it's equally as
important to preserve it in it's truest form.
Evo Terra | DragonPage.com | SliceofSciFi.com
- April Fool's to you too, Evo ;)
> You may see this popping up in a variety of online news sources today:
> -----------------------------------------------
> San Antonio, TX - A new activist group has formed and is pushing state,
> national and world-wide legislation to help preserve and maintain the
> historical value of the new media phenomenon known as podcasting.
Your message has been successfully submitted and would be delivered to recipients shortly.


text: Fred Handloser <email@example.com> writes: > Also, is there a way to write the boot screen information to > a logfile. Most of the information has scrolled off the screen > by the time I get the kernel panic. The messages are written to /var/log/messages. Also try "dmesg" - Sten Anderson -- TO UNSUBSCRIBE FROM THIS MAILING LIST: e-mail the word "unsubscribe" to firstname.lastname@example.com . Trouble? e-mail to firstname.lastname@example.com .


text:
In this week's compliance bulletin, four environmental sectors are being targeted as part of the government's continuing deregulation drive, an existing ban on NPE will be extended to imported clothing and councils have power to influence their recycling performance.
Visit our dedicated compliance page or follow me on Twitter @Isabella_ENDS for the latest environmental news and analysis.
Non-subscribers can now read up to three ENDS Report articles per month with a free registration.
Environmental regulation in line for further red tape reformsThe waste, mineral and energy industries are being targeted for more investigation as part of the government's continuing deregulation drive
EU bans toxic chemical from imported clothingAn existing ban on NPE will be extended to imported clothing and other textiles to avoid harming aquatic environments
Supply chains at risk from poor REACH preparationBusinesses that fail to prepare for the impacts of REACH could suffer from broken supply chains. SMEs are especially at risk due to a lack of awareness
Drax applies for White Rose CCS environment permitAn application for the first carbon capture and storage permit in the UK has been submitted to the Environment Agency
Study finds EfW has little impact on air qualityA publicly funded study of six UK energy-from-waste plants has concluded their contribution to air pollution is minimal, but more research is needed to determine possible health risks
NRW told to publish correspondence with Welsh governmentThe regulator's top staff have been criticised for not doing enough to assert their independence from government by the Welsh assembly's scrutiny commitee
Service design has most impact on recyclingSeparate food waste collections and bin sizes are key factors affecting local authority recycling rates, research from WRAP has found
DECC clarifies regulation of EU ETS small emittersSmall emitters that have opted out of the EU ETS will face a change in regulations on notification, free allowance allocation and penalties for non-compliance


text:
JKJ & Norman Dean released their joint EP entitled "FIVE" on Christmas Eve. The EP is a result of a 12 hour studio session. JKJ traveled from McKeesport, PA to the Team Epic studios in the West side of Pittsburgh. Each track is a standout but the early release titled "Born Rich" is one to checkout. The duo gives us a little insight on the creation of "FIVE" in the video clip above. Stay tuned for more interviews from JKJ & Norman Dean.
Download FIVE EP by Norman Dean & JKJ: https://soundcloud.com/itsnormandean/sets/five-ep


text:
July 14, 2015
Vancouver-based Cannabix Technologies Inc. is finalizing a product its calling a "pot breathalyzer" that officers could use to enforce drugged driving, according to a Reuters report.
The product comes at a time when more and more states are loosening restrictions on marijuana use. Cannabix, which was founded by a retired officer, has begun testing of a prototype.
The device would detect the presence of THC by registering a simple 'yes' or 'no' at the time of the test.
Related: Impact of the Rise of Legalized Marijuana
Todd Ewing from Fleetmatics will answer your questions and challenges
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text:
Your cart is empty.
Land that big catch with help from the Shimano Crucial® 6'10" MH Casting Rod. IM-8 graphite construction delivers light weight and strength, while the 9" grip offers a sure, comfortable hold. The Fuji aluminum oxide guides help the line slide freely along the rod. 1-piece design. Custom Shimano reel seat. Mono line rating: 8 - 17 lb. Lure rating: 1/4 - 5/8 oz.


text:
Rohnert Park, CA (PressExposure) June 17, 2009 -- One of the top problems in any society these days is drug abuse and addiction. Thereâs wide range of definitions when it comes to drug abuse and addiction. According to a California drug rehab center, this could be related to any use of a psychoactive drug or performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect.
A California drug rehab center said that use of these drugs may lead to criminal penalty in addition to possible physical, psychological, and social harm. Although whatâs legal and whatâs not differ in each country, most countries have basic similarities. An expert from a California drug rehab center enumerated some examples of these substances. The three most commonly used drugs are discussed below.
* Alcohol.
Although there are many forms of alcohol, the basic form of most alcohol including alcoholic beverages, is ethanol. Alcoholic beverages are consumed in almost every country. Laws often involve regulation of alcohol consumption and the minimum age to be allowed to drink alcohol. Some countries who allow the youngest age are Denmark with 15 years, Germany with 14 years, and most European and Scandinavian countries with 16 years. Most countries have set the minimum at 18 years.
Alcohol is considered a psychoactive drug with a depressant effect. Too much alcohol in the bloodstream reduces attention and slows reaction speed. Just like other psychoactive drugs, alcohol is addictive and addiction to alcohol is often called alcoholism.
* Amphetamine.
This is a psycho stimulant drug which is known for producing increased wakefulness and focus in association with decreased fatigue and appetite. Amphetamine is closely related to other drugs like methamphetamine and dextroamphetamine. These drugs induce euphoria by increasing the levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine in the brain. Although it is an addictive drug, it is also used to treat several conditions like attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children, symptoms of traumatic brain injury, and daytime drowsiness symptoms of narcolepsy, Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome, and chronic fatigue syndrome. Some people also use it as an appetite suppressant to control weight, as a recreational drug, and as a performance enhancer.
* Barbiturate.
This drug acts as central nervous system depressants whose wide range of effects includes mild sedation and anesthesia. Barbiturates are also effective as anxiolytics, hypnotics, and anticonvulsants. They are highly addictive but have a great overdose potential.


text:
Excellent value for your money. The feeling of being somewhere totally different is great. The welcome was warm, the location is surprising. This country is beautiful. Madame Simone speaks French and English, she has the French nationality. She proved to be very helpful. She knows everything and everyone in the city. Without her you are lost. She proves to be the anchor of your vacation. Do you want an outlandish holiday? Go to the riad (=house) Diarna!
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- Typical Riad of 4 bedrooms all commodities (11 pax maximun)Patio, salo, & flowered terrace with sunbeds and berber tent. Breakfast serbed in patio or terraceMint tea freeAirport transfert possible ... more less


text:
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text:
There was a DEFINITE pattern to the conversation with Elinor… when everybody zigged, she zagged. She trusted her instincts and over her esteemed career, it has served her well. Best-
I would love to hear what you think of the show, questions I may not have asked or contributions to the conversation. Please join us on our Facebook page HERE and let's continue the conversation.
Copyright © All rights reserved. Made by Got Clicks
Contact Us
Continue the conversation on our social media outlets below:
Self Talk Radio Show
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St. George, VT
Phone: 802-
Email: email@example.com


text:
First Tutors helps you to find a home cantonese tutor in Cheltenham and anywhere in the UK. Home cantonese tuition is an excellent way to boost confidence as well as improving grades and doesn't have to be boring! Please use our service to find Cheltenham cantonese tutors and select which best fits your requirements.
First Tutors is the only place to discover through one search the top Cheltenham cantonese tutors for your needs, enabling you to find a home Cheltenham cantonese teacher for any subject, for example, GCSE English, A-Level Maths or even university Biology. We also help with language tuition, so if you want to learn Spanish, take a Arabic course or prepare yourself for French life, we can help - and all in Cheltenham! Our search will order cantonese Cheltenham tutors in your area by cantonese tuition charges and proximity to you.
If you are a Cheltenham cantonese teacher wishing to offer your home cantonese tuition services in Cheltenham or anywhere else across the UK, please register with First Tutors or find out more about us here. Home cantonese tuition is a fantastic way to re-affirm your own cantonese knowledge while helping someone else, all in your local Cheltenham area!


text:
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Coal India Limited (CIL) invites application through its online portal from Indian nationals for recruitment as Management Trainees for CIL & its subsidiary companies in various disciplines i.e. Environment, Finance & Accounts, Personnel, Sales & Marketing, Community Development and Materials Management in E2 grade (Rs 20600-46500). For details please click on View Details (Full Advertisement) given below.
Total post: 1785


text:
A Light Salad For Heavy Times
It feels harder than usual to write and cook lately. With the political and social unrest happening around us, and with our (My and Eric's) families living in Dallas after the procession of shootings, I've been processing my emotions in a way that makes myself a stranger to myself at times–In the past handful of days, I've been withdrawing socially, struggling with unusual sleep patterns, but more interestingly,moving between eating heavier comfort foods and then eating lighter foods when my stomach feels too uneasy to digest those comfort foods. It's so interesting how events in history can directly influence people's diets.
I woke up with lots of pain in my shoulders and realized it was because I was storing a good amount of negative energy and stress there and not actively releasing it. I knew it was my heart chakra that was screaming out for balance. I know these times will get better, and all I can do is send loving thoughts to the world and those close to me, and keep trucking, and breathing and smiling and having faith in the concept that good will conquer evil. I feel so grateful for friends and family who are also positive and supportive.
As I mourned, I tried to pull away from social media.. Some social places and platforms, I don't feel safe expressing myself, but here I always have, and for that, I'm so grateful too. 🙂
Now for to the FOOD:
This salad is LOADED with Potassium and Fiber. It boosts your endorphins to improve your mood and it's amazing for the heart. . The Avocado delivers a wonderful source of Omega 3's for good mood, and both the lentils and grapefruit work in tandem to help both your heart (with your generous supply of magnesium, potassium and other beneficial vitamins and minerals that help with blood circulation and other things) and digestion– Everything I needed!
I just recently fell in love with crispy lentils when I tasted them at a vegan restaurant here in Boston. I used uncooked lentils and then roasted them, but my all means if you want to cut out 30 minutes of your cooking time, you're welcomed to use canned lentils, just make sure they're unsalted so that you can control the amount of salt added during the roasting stage. You can also do this with chickpeas which are just as nutritious.
Here are some Yoga poses to help open or tune up The Heart Chakra and love a lot deeper.
Also: Excerpt from an article published in the Chopra Center called Open Yourself to Love With The Fourth Chakra- A fabulous breakdown of the Heart Chakra, and I'd encourage anyone to read this article if they're having issues processing this heartache too. 🙂
When you encounter hurt feelings from your past or present, you can choose to feel them fully and let them go or hold onto them. By letting them go, you're able to open your heart to new people and new experiences with compassion, love, and understanding. Holding onto hurt harbors negative feelings and cuts you off from opportunities to love and serve. Letting go is as easy as making a choice. Your mind and your ego may tell you otherwise but it's as simple as choosing to let go and move on.
Print Recipe
|Prep Time
|2 people
|30 minutes
|Cook Time
|30 minutes
- 3/4 cup uncooked green lentils, rinsed and drained
- 3 cups water
- 1 tbsp olive oil
- 1 tsp granulated garlic
- salt and pepper to taste
- 4 cups loosely packed spring mix or argula washed
- 1 mini cucumber, peeled and sliced
- 1/4 small red onion, thinly sliced
- 2 small avocados, cut in half
- 1 large grapefruit, peeled and segmented
- 2 cloves garlic
- 5 pieces sundried tomatoes soaked in oil
- 1 heaping tbsp whole grain dijon mustard Maille
- 2 tbsp water
- handful fresh chopped flatleaf parsley
- 1/4 cup olive oil
- Preheat the oven to 400 degrees and line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
- On the stovetop, add lentils and water to medium sauce pan with a tilted lid. Cook on high for 25 or so minutes until lentils are tender. Drain any excess liquid and spread out on a large baking sheet. Toss with olive oil, garlic, salt and pepper and bake at 400 degrees for about 30-35 minutes tossing every 5 minutes until they're browned and crunchy. Remove from the oven and let cool.
- In a large mixing bowl toss together the washed and dried lettuce, cucumbers, and sliced onions. Divide between two bowls. Top the bowls with the segmented grapefruit and the avocado.
- In a blender of food processor, add the garlic cloves, sundried tomatoes, whole grain mustard, water and parsley and blend until combined. Remove the lid and slowly drizzle in the olive oil, still blending, until the sauce emulsifies. Add more water if you prefer a thinner sauce.
- Sprinkle the salad with the crunchy lentils and drizzle with the tomato dijon sauce and Serve!
You can use unsalted cooked lentils from the can if you want to eliminate the step of boiling the lentils on your own.


text:
In the world of books, publishing, and other author-ish type of things, many may wonder why a person would choose self-publishing over traditional publishing. There are also a great many people who wonder, "why wait around to get published when you can do it yourself?" I personally believe there are pros and cons to each option (with one not necessarily being better than the other) but personally, independent (or "indie") publishing has worked the best for me. It's not some sort of 'plan B,' but a conscious choice based on taking a square look at both routes.
First of all, while most of my finished work at this point has been historical fiction, I do not consider myself solely a historical fiction author; I enjoy a variety of genres, including some that might not fit a traditional category. As an independent author, I appreciate the flexibility to write exactly what I want without feeling pressure to fit a certain mold. Also, as someone who generally prefers a more old-fashioned manner of writing, I don't think my style necessarily appeals to a lot of modern publishers. My Christian faith also plays a role: some of my books are unapologetically overt in their discussion of Biblical Christianity, while others might only be considered "clean" fiction. Finally, I greatly enjoy having control over every aspect of my books- I design my own covers and interiors (which is still at this point very much a learning process!) and have a lot of fun doing it.
Over the years, I've come to recognize the importance of professional input, even in the self-publishing world. In 2015, I had the privilege of working with Rooglewood Press as a part of their Five Enchanted Roses collection, which taught me so much about the value of professional editors! Even as an indie author, I do not work solely alone, and I do get a lot of advice, feedback, editing help. I freely admit I'm still learning and my writing, like the rest of me, is a work in progress. However, at this stage in my life, the independent platform is my preferred avenue of publication.