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Testing Centers at Pellissippi State Community College
Contact Us
For Questions or Appointments:
Testing Center Office
865-694-6454 (phone)
Educational Resource Center, Room 120A
10915 Hardin Valley Road
Knoxville, TN 37932-0990
865-539-7202 (fax)
Joan Newman
Director, Academic Testing
Welcome to the Testing Centers at Pellissippi State! We are committed to making your testing experience as stress-free as possible. If you cannot find the information you need on our web pages, feel free to contact the office during our regular office hours (office hours 8-4:30 p.m. Monday through Friday; for test-taking, please refer to our Testing Center hours).
Our contact information is to the right. Links to schedules, policies, and specific testing information are to the left. Instructors can access our Testing Authorization Form by logging into myPellissippi, selecting the Faculty tab and clicking on Dynamic Forms.
Our Testing Center policies have been updated. Please make sure to read them before you come to test. No electronic devices are allowed in the Testing Center. This includes watches (analog as well as digital) and fitness trackers (such as Fitbit). No hats/caps are allowed in the Testing Center except religious headgear. All students must use Testing-supplied writing implements and scratch paper.
All PSCC students must present a valid (with photo) Pellissippi ID in order to test.
The Pellissippi State Community College Testing Center provides an accessible, secure testing facility for students, faculty, and the public, including outside organizations. While the security of test materials is our first priority, we are also committed to cultivating a positive testing experience. The Testing Center strives to promote academic and career goal attainment by offering a comprehensive testing program to meet the needs of our users. It provides flexible hours and accommodations for examinees with disabilities, and it complies with National College Testing Association Professional Standards and Guidelines and maintains strict confidentiality.


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VIDEO: 'We're finally where we want to be' Ashya King's parents speak of their relief
THE mother of sick toddler Ashya King bends down to plant a tender kiss on her beloved son's cheek inside his Czech hospital room, as his doting father looks on.
Naghmeh and Brett King, parents of five-year-old Ashya, admitted they were tired but hopeful for the future as they spoke about their battle on Spanish TV last night.
The parents, who spent three days in a Malaga jail, let film crews into Ashya's room as he awaits cutting-edge treatment in Prague.
Speaking in Spanish, Mrs King, 45 said: "Ashya's doing okay but he's very tired. We are worried for him."
The mother-of-seven, dressed in a nurses'-style mauve top and trousers, leant over to kiss Ashya on his cheek and forehead, while he sat under a blanket beside them.
"It's been hard but we're finally where we want to be," she added.
It's been hard but we're finally where we want to be
Property developer Mr King, 51, was smartly dressed in a short-sleeved light blue shirt and tie, as he pushed the sick child's large-size pram backwards and forwards to relax him.
The couple spoke as it emerged that Ashya, who is suffering from brain cancer, is expected to begin the treatment his parents had begged NHS chiefs for - a form of non-conventional radiotherapy which uses beams of protons to target tumours - at the city's Proton Therapy Centre on Monday.
Proton beam therapy, which is not currently available on the NHS, is popular because it has a lower risk of side effects than more commonly used methods of tackling cancer.
The family flew to Prague by private jet from Spain for a check-up at Prague's Motol Hospital on Monday.
Following their arrest and a subsequent protracted legal battle, the parents have admitted they haven't ruled out suing British authorities - although they said money was a concern.
The couple, who triggered an international police pursuit when they removed Ashya from a Southampton hospital without doctors' permission on August 28, have been advised to sue Hampshire Police and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust.
Mr King, who said he travelled to the Costa del Sol in Spain to sell a house and raise funds for his son's treatment, said: "We hadn't thought about it until now as we just wanted to get our son here.
"We have huge legal bills to pay. The most important thing at the moment is getting Ashya better."
Ashya's high-tech treatment is expected to cost at least £70,000 and so far the family have received £50,000 in donations from generous Britons.
The Kids 'n' Cancer charity have also offered £200,000 worth of funding and said the family "were in touch."

subset: commoncrawl


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Sofia, the first little girl princess Disney has ever introduced, has captivated little girls since the award-winning childrens show first appeared in 2012. This beautiful purple ballgown is going to captivate your own special little princess as she becomes her favorite character! Dress with cameo. No footwear included. Fits child girls sizes 4-6.
Ship Weight: 0.7 pounds
Ship Weight: 0.7 pounds
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Please visit our Support & Training Center for support information.


text: So yesterday was Mother's Day and I had a very nice one. I pretended to sleep late while Jeremy and our girls made breakfast. They also surprised me with presents in bed. I received a very memorable card that was picked out by our 7 year old. I started laughing as I read the card's message inside wishing me Happy Birthday. To which our 7 year old, with hands on hips, said, "I do not see what is so funny about that card". The best Mother's Day card ever!


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Windows 10 is one of the best version of Windows released by Microsoft with lots of new features. One best feature out of them is a Windows Store that let you download and install apps and games on your Windows 10 desktop, tablets as well as on Windows 10 mobiles.
YouTube is one of the most popular videos sharing service and you obviously want to use it on your Windows 10 devices. Unfortunately, the official YouTube app is not developed by Google for Windows 10 as of now.
Now that doesn't mean you can't access YouTube on your Windows 10 device. Just like other platforms, the software developers has developed many YouTube apps alternative for Windows 10. The good thing about these apps is that all provides you more features than the official apps available on other platforms.
Did I forget to tell you that some of the apps you're going to check in this article also let you download YouTube videos to Windows 10 desktops with just one click?
- Best YouTube Video Players and Downloaders Apps for Windows 10
- 1. Tubecast for YouTube
- 2. Hyper for YouTube
- 3. myTube
- 4. Perfect Tube
- 5. Tubify
- 6. Free Instant YouTube Downloader
- 7. Video Player for YouTube
- 8. Butler for YouTube
- 9. Awesome Tube
- 10. Downloader Videos and Music
- 11. Downloader and Converter for YouTube
- 12. YTube for youTube
- 13. TubeGet for YouTube
- 14. Tuby
- 15. Converter for YouTube
Best YouTube Video Players and Downloaders Apps for Windows 10
In this article, you will read about some of the best YouTube app alternatives for Windows 10. So without further why don't you start reading the first one.
1. Tubecast for YouTube
Tubecast for YouTube is a powerful tool that allows you to do a wide range of things starting from normal streaming to video downloading – you can even pause and resume the download anytime you want. It even supports 360-degree videos from the YouTube. All in all, this is almost a complete package.
2. Hyper for YouTube
Hyper for YouTube also streams videos and lets you download them. It helps you make your own playlists and save them and watch them whenever you feel like. The app is very professionally built with a clean design. You can download the videos either in MP3 or MP4. Lastly, this app is free to download so don't keep waiting – download it real fast.
3. myTube
myTube! is a paid app but it's worth every penny you spend on it. This app allows all the basic things that the free ones are providing plus it even lets you read the comments section by simply fading the video playback. It even just lets you play the audio from any YouTube video while you work on other apps – now you don't really need a converter to listen to your music.
Enjoy this app at the price of $0.99
4. Perfect Tube
Perfect Tube is a simple yet powerful app. It lets you stream the videos, upload your own ones, switch video quality from 240p to FullHD and the list is endless. Perfect Tube is also one of the free apps in this list, so you can surely give it a try.
5. Tubify
Tubify is still in the development phase but it's still not free. You'll have to pay $1.49 for this app, but you can download the beta version for free trial. This app has a resolution that adapts to any screen resolution and that's how that company claims you'll get a better video experience.
6. Free Instant YouTube Downloader
Free Instant Youtube Downloader is a simple tool that lets you download the video as well as the audio of any YouTube video. You can even choose to download the video in various formats and play them offline whenever you feel like.
7. Video Player for YouTube
Free Instant Youtube Downloader is a Russian app and it gives you a glimpse of videos from your subscribed channels, lets you comment on videos and some other basic features. This app is completely free to download.
8. Butler for YouTube
Butler for YouTube is another simple app in our list; it doesn't do a lot of things like other ones mentioned here. It just helps you download the videos and stream them. The developers call it "Pretty. Chic. Quick. Easy" and of course, it's free to download too.
9. Awesome Tube
Developers of Awesome Tube call it the "BEST youtube application client ever in the windows store!". We are not sure about the best thing, but it's far better than most of the paid ones too. It lets you do almost anything – comments, subscribe, upload, download, search, edit, delete anything. It even lets you save videos for later viewing. This is completely free to download too! So give it a try.
10. Downloader Videos and Music
Downloader Videos and Music is a free yet powerful app that lets you select videos depending on various genres. It even lets you download the MP3 version of any YouTube video. The video can be downloaded in formats starting from 720p to 360p.
11. Downloader and Converter for YouTube
Downloader for YouTube. Free Converter to MP3 as the name suggests, is an app that helps you in downloading the audio version of any YouTube video, it further lets you convert the audio to various formats like MP3, MP4, AVI, WMA etc. You can even download normal videos from this app too. So for those who are more into getting the audio, this is a really good app and it costs nothing at all.
12. YTube for youTube
yTube for youTube is a very neat app with some add on features like Pin to start. This app is very neat in design too and it's absolutely free to download.
13. TubeGet for YouTube
TubeGet for YouTube is a perfectly built app with not a lot to show off. The designers have kept the colors very soothing and catchy, giving it a professional look. This not only improves on graphics but also makes the app very light to use.
14. Tuby
Tuby is a paid app and costs around $1.99, but it's surely one of the best in the list. It helps you sort your videos on the basis of an order or even categories. The user-interface is nice too. Tuby was previously known as "Your Tube 8 Pro" and was quite a hit.
15. Converter for YouTube
Converter for YouTube, just like the converter app we mentioned earlier, helps you download the videos and the audios from the YouTube with an ease. The audio can be downloaded not just in the MP3 format, there is a wide of range formats in which you can download the audio. It's also free to download and has been quite popular among the YouTubers.
Some other YouTube apps worth trying:
Now it's your turn to let me know which YouTube apps you find worthy.


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Submit your event using the form below!
*Note – Yard sales are classifieds and will be removed if uploaded. Please visit the classifieds page for information on submitting a yard sale or email firstname.lastname@example.com. Also, please email firstname.lastname@example.com if you would like information on how to advertise your business sale event.


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?>? Hydor Koralia Third Generation 1950 gph Circulation & Wave Pump
Hydor Koralia Third Generation 1950 gph Circulation & Wave Pump
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The Hydor Koralia Third Generation 1950 gph Circulation & Wave Pump is a super compact & energy efficient, and it recreates the natural and beneficial water motion of rivers and seas. The patented Dual Magnet Support System (DMSS) allows the user to position the Koralia freely inside the aquarium. The pump can pivot in virtually any direction to guarantee flow where it is needed and is enhanced with vibration absorbing silicone for silent operation. The revolutionary spring impeller technology is designed for optimal flow performance. The new Koralia Third Generation can be connected to a controller and set to intervals from seconds to hours. Two sizes of fish guard/flow diffusers included.
1950 gph
6.5 watts
Smaller profile than earlier versions of the Koralia Pump. Dimensions of pump inside tank: 4-3/8" X 3" X 3" (
assumes you're using the flow diffuser
With the new Dual Magnet Support System (DMSS), the pump can pivot in virtually any direction.
Includes a small fish guard (
smaller fish and shrimp
) & a large fish guard (
small to medium fish and shrimp
Includes a diffuser (
you can't use both the fish guard and the diffuser though the diffuser will prevent the entry of larger fish
Includes cable protector
Enhanced with vibration absorbing silicone for silent operation
Wavemaker compatible
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Tired of watching the same movies you have? Grab this Roku 2 XD 1080p HD Streaming Video Player to watch Netflix, Amazon and more.
- Wirelessly streams HD video and music onto your television
- 1080p HD video capable
- WiFi 802.11 wireless b/g/n
- Works with almost any TV
- Easy 5-15 minute setup
- Streams Netflix, Hulu Plus, Pandora, Amazon Instant Video and more onto your TV (subscription required)
- Over 100,000 movies and TV shows, sports channels, music and more
- The Roku 2 XD can stream from the biggest selection of live sports packages ever, including NBA, NHL, MLS, UFC, MLB and more
- 300+ entertainment channels
This sale ends 10/10/13 at 9 pm PST.
Like these deals? Don't forget to sign up for the Saving Cents with Sense Newsletter to find deals, coupons, and money saving tips in your mailbox each day. You can also follow on Facebook, Twitter, Google+ or Pinterest This site uses affiliate links. Read my disclosure policy here.


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SD111 Grass Border Die $4.00
Size: 5.45" x 0.45"
SD112 Heart Picket Fence Die $6.75
Size: 5.95" x 1.10"
These are so clever! Wouldn't they make adorable Christmas decorations? These are cutting dies that provides fold lines, so that you end up with a very pretty star. Can also add it to another one for a 3D ornament ball for Christmas.
NFD016 Large Christmas Star Ball Die $10.25
Size: 3.45" x 3.10"
NFD017 Medium Christmas Star Ball Die $8.25
Size: 3.10" x 2.70"
NFD018 Small Christmas Star Ball Die $5.25
Size: 2.30" x 2.0"
NFD019 Mini Christmas Star Ball Die $4.00
Size: 1.75" x 1.50"
SPBO001 Spray Bottles $2.75
Add water to use with your watercolors or add glitter, mica pigments, inks, etc to create your own misters!
2 clear bottles
2 clear bottles
HEAT001 Heat Resistant Mat $7.25
A versatile craft mat to protect your work surface...it's heat resistant too!
Size: 13.0" x 19.69"
Size: 13.0" x 19.69"


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David Burnett talks to the New York Times on what cameras he uses and why he mainly shoots digital now - he's another Canon 20D user. The article is interesting, but the audio slideshow is much more interesting. He explains that he uses a number of different cameras depending on the type of photo he's going for and on the slideshow there's a few examples.
I love my 20D, but it's not a camera that I can use all the time, it's just too big, so I also have a Canon SD500 which I've mentioned before. I'll get different types of photos from each camera; I can't do the same things with the SD500 that I can do with the 20D, but I can take it places a 20D just isn't appropriate. It's hard to be inconspicuous with a large SLR camera and buy the time I've tweaked the settings the moment is lost. The SD500 I use for more spontaneous photos, I don't mess with the settings, just accept the defaults and let the camera deal with the situation and most of the time it does a great job, probably better than I could have done manually. Take this as an example - that was shot at dawn directly into the rising sun with the SD500 and captured the scene exactly as I wanted it. The 20D on the otherhand lets me get photos like this, which the SD500 wasn't able to manage (subjects lit entirely by candle light on a moving boat). The SD500 also shoots video, a feature I never thought I'd use as I've always prefered still shots, but I found a few instances when video captured a scene much better than a still image could. The 20D as you'd expect from an SLR doesn't capture video. Different tools for different jobs.
The New York Times also has some tips on digital photography, nothing really new to me there, but it might be off interested to any just getting into digital.


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Odeon Westover Bournemouth
27 Westover Road,
6 people favorited this theater
The Regent Theatre was built for the Provincial Cinematograph Theatres chain(PCT). PCT had just been taken over by Gaumont British Theatres when it opened on 13th May 1929 with the silent film "Two Lovers" starring Ronald Colman. The Regent Theatre was wired for sound when it opened.
Designed by architect William Edward Trent who was assisted by the local architectural firm Seal & Hardy, the original seating capacity was for 2,267 in stalls and circle. The facade contains a series of seven colonaded arches, behind which was located the first floor restaurant which could seat 300 diners. The auditorium was decorated in a French Renaissance style and had painted panels on each side of the proscenium, the work of artist Frank Barnes.
The Regent Theatre was equipped with a Wultitzer 2Manual/9Ranks theatre organ which was opened by Reginald Foort. Full stage facilities were provided and the safety curtain had a charming landscape scene painted on its front, again, the work of Frank Barnes.
The Regent Theatre was re-named Gaumont from 22nd August 1949 and continued until 16th November 1968 when it was closed for twinning. It re-opened on 15th July 1969 as Gaumont 1 & 2 and the building continued to be successful.
It was one of the last of the Gaumont Theatres to be re-branded Odeon when the Rank Organisation were standardising the names of all their cinemas. The name Odeon appeared on the building from 30th October 1986 and in March 1989 the downstairs Odeon 2 in the former stalls was closed for sub-dividing into 4 screens. These re-opened as Odeon 2,3,4,5 in June 1989. Seating in these screens was:359, 267,119 & 121. Odeon 1 in the former circle remains intact today as a 757 seat cinema which has a very large and very deeply curved screen. In February 1995 the 140 seat capacity Odeon 6 was opened in the former restaurant area.
The Odeon was closed on 9th February 2017.
Recent comments (view all 35 comments)
The organ is long gone, but in the thirties, for a time, the audience was entertained with organ and piano duets played by Kevin and Edith Buckley and at least one 78rpm record of their playing at this theatre was issued by HMV – Chopsticks on one side the the Gavotte (I think!) from Mignon by Ambroise Thomas on the other. In the sixties the BBC broadcast a weekly programme, "Melody for Late Evening" played on the Wurlitzer by Ronald Brickhill, the last resident organist.
Hello all,
The Save Bournemouth Odeon Campaign ("Striving To Keep Cinema Theatrical") is growing strength.
Can ex-staff of this building or the ABC down-the-road please contact the campaign a.s.a.p. We have already heard from a few but we would like to meet more people and chat cinema. We have a function planned.
Cheers :)
Unfortunately the long delayed new multiplex has started construction, due for completion in 18 months – late summer 2016. This doesn't bode well for the existing Odeon and ABC cinemas in Bournemouth.
The plan is indeed for the present Odeon and ABC cinemas to close once the ten screen Odeon multiplex is completed on Exeter Road in 2016. I for one can't imagine Westover Road without its two impressive cinemas overlooking the Pavilion fountains and gardens. No doubt we'll be told the facade of the Regent/Gaumont/Odeon will be retained to "maintain the streetscape" but what good is that when the cinema itself is gone? The thought of a mega Tesco or the south's largest Macdonalds sitting behind the famous colonnade is not a happy prospect.
Andy Summers was not a projection at the Gaumont he was just there on a work Exsperianc .
From the aerial shot it looks like the projection room of the original Gaumont, like several other older Gaumonts, was on the roof. Allen Eyles, in his excellent history of Gaumont British Cinemas, mentions that the projection ports are at the rear of the interior dome. Does anyone know how the projectionists accessed the projection room? Did they use an interior staircase and then have to walk across part of the roof outside? Did this type of design result in an excessively steep throw for the projectors and image distortion for those in the audience who were sitting towards the front of the main floor?
edwardo, he worked at UCI and Warner Bros, you might have misread.
Wanted: billionaire to buy the UK's last Cinerama venue
Please contact the campaign a.s.a.p.
Save Bournemouth Odeon Campaign "Striving To Keep Cinema Theatrical"
Please see the campaign support page: https://www.facebook.com/Save-Bournemouth-Odeon-Striving-To-Keep-Cinema-Theatrical-509679079071187/
Visited on Sunday. In better condition than the ABC but again the main auditorium is in semi darkness. No photographs allowed so this too is being deliberately run down before the multiplex replaces it. At least the ventilation was working properly, unlike the ABC up the road!
Closing on 9/2/2017
Just login to your account and subscribe to this theater


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Jim & Barry's Ice Cream factory is opening soon, and the town is abuzz. All the kids are excited about a super sweet contest to create a brand new flavor using any ingredients they want.
But things go sour when a friend's Chock Full of Chocolate recipe goes missing. Now Nancy and the Clue Crew must race to find the missing formula before the contest is over.
Get a clue! Investigate our list of Nancy Drew titles.
©2006 Simon & Schuster, Inc.; (P)2009 Recorded Books, LLC
"clue berry blues"
thought the story was cute. I like how they made you think it could any of the people.
I like the Mr Dippy that was funny. I think child or adult would enjoy this story. One of the best nancy drew storeis.
"Great book - says 6yr old and 4yr old"
6yr old liked the topic (ice cream). Asked to listen to it twice. Would recommend for little ones in the car.
Yummy ice cream awesome story
When The Clue Crew finds out who took the recipe
Good book
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Reach Trailer (2011)
30 January 2011 Adventure, Factual 48 mins
Inspired by the constant evolution of climbing itself, REACH is a glipse into the lives of the world's top athletes as they push the limits of their bodies and minds. With more hard climbing featured than any movie before it, REACH captures a moment in the sport of rock climbing where the standards have been rewritten once again.
Watch the official Reach 2011 trailer in HD below or find more Reach videos on Vidimovie.


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Ural Boeing Manufacturing is the joint venture of Boeing (the USA) and VSMPO-AVISMA
VSMPO-AVISMA, largest Russian titanium-producer, and Boeing established a long-term fruitful cooperation. The holding has been a titanium supplier for the American partners for over 15 years. They concluded the first agreement and started manufacturing titanium forgings for Boeing 767 in 1997. 'Boeing-VSPMO' Innovation centre was opened as a part of commitment.
In August, 2007 Boeing and VSMPO-AVISMA set the Ural Boeing Manufacturing joint venture in Sverdlovsk region in order to conduct primary machine processing for Boeing Dreamliner 787 forgings. The enterprise commenced to work in 2009. At the moment the plant supplies up to 40% of Boeing needs.
Titanium turnings obtained in the course of Dreamliner service parts processing in the Portland Boeing works and other sub-suppliers' metal-processing enterprises are sent back to VSMPO-AVISMA for using-up. This creates a unique cycle of titanium semi-products, forging and other production supporting.
Boeing is aimed to development of the cooperation with Russian partners and plans to invest approximately 27 billion dollars into various projects in the next 30 years including the 18 billion meant to VSMPO-AVISMA titanium goods purchase.


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Could I build a giant magnifying glass? (And maybe incorporate it into a steam engine?)
The sun has a lot of power, and I want to harness that energy, and try out a few things, including the interesting prospect of using it to power a steam engine. (Heat up something, run water over it, and run the steam through a turbine).
Several methods have come to mind, including: acrylic, freezing some water in specially-shaped bowls, and sandwiching water (which has a slightly higher refractive index than ice) between two parabolic pieces of plastic. I'm personally concentrating on the last one, as it would be more permanent than the ice.
Just thought this up: freezing a lens, and then coating it with something immediately so that it will stay once it melts. What do we have that is clear, dries quickly, and readily available?
Does anybody else have experience with this?
UPDATE: Some relevant links...
An ideal result.
Parabolic mirrors are another possibility, but I'm still more interested in a lens.
Where a lot of this sprang from.
Indices of refraction. Is it Indices or Indexes?
This is basically Daryl Holmans Magnifier engine he is trying to sell plans for for $47. He says he guarantees it to work but try and look for back-up to his claims on line and you will find dozens of his own websites touting how good this thing is. He probably gets paid for every click on the site so this is his real money maker, coaxing us to click on his sites looking for verification of how good his engine is before spending the $47. Anyone stupid enough to order his plans and pay $47 for plans that are already available on line is just gravy for him. Thats why he changed the name to magnifier engine from sterling engine. If you are going to research the effectiveness of this system, search sterling engine on line and not magnifier engine.
Are we trying to make a magnifying glass or are we trying to turn water into steam using solar energy?
IF we're making giant magnifying glasses, you can probably disregard 90% of what I'm about to say.
If you want to turn water into steam, parabolic mirrors coupled with black/dark absorption mediums would work better then magnifying glasses.
Here's why:
A magnifying glass, due to the smooth curve, captures a bunch of light, which gets refocused into a concentrated point.
The concentrated point can be used to heat things up and burn stuff, but any light that gets reflected is wasted.
If you place a black pipe filled with water above a concave mirror, you still have a bunch of light focused on a point, but the light gets 2 chances to heat up the water and thus heat up the pipe.
Further, you could combine this with a convex glass lens on top of the pipe that's ontop of the concave mirror, bringing in more light, and generally increasing the intensity of the heat generated.
My question is that while it does absorb more energy from the sun, I am wondering if it is really more efficient to extract useful work that way or through powering steam engines. I don't know the answer to that. Simply making a distinction between the two. Just because it's harnessing more energy from the sun, doesn't necessarily mean it is more efficient in providing useful work. An engineering question I guess.
What I would like to see is an investment website where a few like-minded individuals could get together and build such a thing.
I have burnt my fingers with this!
I think I have seen articles on Ice lenses, not very good I am afraid , very difficult to get the curve
I'd be more inclined to try fresnel lenses. You can buy quite large examples, but I have a couple (just over a foot across) that came off old OHPs since my school went digital. I'm just waiting for a lighter, sunny evening to try and set fire to something...
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Rangers down Rays
Cliff Lee went the distance to earn the victory, as the Texas Rangers defeated the Tampa Bay Rays 5-1 to win Game 5 of the ALDS on Tuesday night.
Texas cashed as +100 road underdogs, while the teams played UNDER the 6.5-run total set by oddsmakers.
Ian Kinsler was 3-for-4 with a two-run homer and three runs batted in for the Rangers, who also got an RBI from Josh Hamilton in the win.
Ben Zobrist drove in the lone run for Tampa Bay, while losing pitcher David Price allowed three runs over six innings for the Rays.


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V.V. SWAMY was born in a tiny village of Andhra Pradesh, India. Shri V.V. Swamy had his fine arts training from his father, Shri V. Venkateswarlu, an eminent artist. Four decades ago Shri Swamy settled in Hyderabad where he continues to live and work.
Shri Swamy has over 2,100 paintings in watercolours, oils and acrylics in traditional and modern styles on paper and canvas to his credit. He has organized 20 solo exhibitions on the themes of Village, Rocks, Nature & Environment, Electrical Power, Nehru and his Vision, Hyderabad 400 years, Bull fight , 50 Years of Indian Independence and Ganesha besides general themes in various parts of the country and also participated in a number of group exhibitions. His works are in collections in New Delhi, USA, USSR, West Germany, UK, and those of many other Indian and foreign dignitaries.
Shri Swamy developed a unique craft of Egg-Shell engraving. His works received commendation in the field of Fine Arts from eminent personalities like S/Shri R. Venkataraman, Richard Nixon, Ronald Reagan, Jawaharlal Nehru, Lalbahdur Sastry, Fakruddin Ali Ahmed, Dr. Gustav Husaq, Leonid Breznev, V.V. Giri, Edward Heath, Dr. S. Radhakrishan, Dr. Zakir Hussain etc., the list goes on...
He has also received a number of awards in the field of Fine Arts and was honoured by the Andhra Association and Andhra Educational Society, New Delhi in 1982. He was also honoured by Smt. G.T. Tumen Bava, External Affairs Minister of Kirgia, USSR, and His Excellency Rebort Arbuthnott, Minister for Cultural Affairs, British High Commission, British Council Division. For his outstanding contribution in the field of Fine Arts, Shri V. V. Swamy was honoured with the Ugadi Puraskar 1998 by the Delhi Telugu Academy, which was presented to him by the Vice President of India. Sri Swamys name was listed in the Limca Book of Records 1993 edition.
Author of several research papers, articles in literature and Fine Arts, Shri Swamys books Poetic Biography of Hyderabad and My Inner Vision were acclaimed by one and all in the literary circles. Shri Swamy received an Honorary Doctorate in Literature for his English Poetry Book For Hyderabad at the World Congress of Poets held at Sydney, Australia during 2001.


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I finally made it out to take some pictures of B in her birthday dress. And thank goodness I did when I did, because it was FREEZING the next day and for a week afterwards.
The pattern: Simplicity 9940, year 1981. I sewed up view two.
I added four inches to the pattern and it's still too short, which is why she's wearing leggings and will have to as long as it fits.
It's funny when you use old patterns how they tend to do things the hard way. But also fun to see how advanced things have become and the short-cuts I know how to make when I want to.
Just a tad on the bunting. It's so easy and self explanatory, and I'm sure there a zillion and one tutorials on it, but I just used a charm pack and sewed the squares sandwiched between narrow double folded bias tape. I bought two dowels to stand in the dirt and tie the bunting to. Easy peasy.
Fabric on dress is Joel Dewberry: Modern Meadow Flower Fields. Fabric on bunting is Moda American Jane Punctuation. Buttons: From the Red Kitchen.
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Segmentation of the lungs in chest computed tomography (CT) is often performed as a preprocessing step in lung imaging. This task is complicated especially in presence of disease. This paper presents a lung segmentation algorithm called Adaptive Border Marching (ABM). Its novelty lies in the fact that it smoothes the lung border in a geometric way and can be used to reliably include juxtapleural nodules while minimizing oversegmentation of adjacent regions such as the abdomen and mediastinum. Our experiments using 20 datasets demonstrate that this computational geometry algorithm can re-include all juxtapleural nodules and achieve an average oversegmentation ratio of 0.43% and an average undersegmentation ratio of 1.63% relative to an expert determined reference standard. The segmentation time of a typical case is under 1 minute on a typical PC. As compared to other available methods, ABM is more robust, more efficient and more straightforward to implement, and once the chest CT images are input, there is no further interaction needed from users. The clinical impact of this method is in potentially avoiding false negative CAD findings due to juxtapleural nodules and improving volumetry and doubling time accuracy.
X-ray computed tomography (CT) is widely recognized as one of the most sensitive diagnostic imaging modalities for lung analysis such as lung nodule detection [1–3] and airway analysis [4]. Whole lung segmentation is often used prior to these analyses to reduce computation and limit extraneous results. Although threshold-based region-filling strategies [5–8] can be used to extract the lung parenchyma efficiently, they often incorrectly exclude some very important regions, such as juxtapleural nodules, from the segmentation because they are contiguous with the chest wall and have a similar density. Since no other clinically used imaging modalities and/or contrast agents can create reliable contrast between the soft tissues of juxtapleural nodules/hilum and the soft tissues of the chest wall, this problem must be solved by image analysis algorithms. Ameliorating the under-segmentation of juxtapleural lung nodules is important for lung nodule detection and characterization. Unfortunately, designing an efficient and robust segmentation algorithm is difficult because of the highly varied properties of juxtapleural nodules such as shape, size, intensity, and location. Additionally, a good solution should not only include juxtapleural nodules properly, but also minimize undersegmentation of the lung and oversegmentation of non-lung structures. Small inaccuracies in inclusion of juxtapleural nodules could lead to inaccurate volumetric measurement and estimation of malignancy [9] and doubling times [10–13].
Many methods [14–17] have been proposed to segment the lung automatically in volumetric CT images and only some explicitly handle juxtapleural nodules but without any evaluation. In earlier research [18, 19], manual editing-approaches were used to ameliorate the undersegmentation of juxtapleural nodules, but this is extremely laborious and prone to intra- and inter-observer variability. In [1, 6], a rolling ball filter was applied to the lung segmentation border obtained from a threshold-based method for juxtapleural nodule correction. As pointed out in [20], it is difficult to find a properly-sized rolling ball a priori that works well for all juxtapleural nodules. If the radius is too small, juxtapleural nodules will be undersegmented. If the radius is too large, computational cost increases substantially, and oversegmentation and distortion of local shape occurs, particularly near the hilum. Kim et al. [20] used a contour-following method that tracked the segmented lung boundaries to detect a seed area with texture features of a true juxtapleural nodule. However, texture features alone do not define juxtapleural nodules, which can be defined more accurately by their position and geometric features. Goo et al. [21] proposed that the contour indentations caused by juxtapleural nodules could be bridged and filled but provided no algorithmic details. Another solution was proposed to include juxtapleural nodules by searching for circular or semi-circular structures along the lung wall [22]. In practice, the shapes of juxtapleural nodules vary greatly from round and oval to cone, triangular, and flat [23] and, therefore, this method may fail for juxtapleural nodules with tubular or cone-like shapes. In [8, 24–26], a sequence of erosion and dilation operations was used to smooth the lung border as an alternative to the rolling ball method. The difference between the erosion/dilation operations and the rolling ball method lies in the design of a structuring element. They still face the same issues as the rolling ball method. In addition, some methods [27, 28] use curvature to correct the lung border with juxtapleural nodules. The motivation for the curvature-based method arises from the observation that a rapid change in curvature usually indicates a nodule, large vessel or bronchus. Thus, by comparing the curvature at points on the lung border, the regions with juxtapleural nodules can be found and re-included by inserting a border segment. However, curvature is not a robust criterion since local, small perturbations in shape might cause a rapid change of curvature and the normal lung base and apices have high curvature. Also, a single global curvature threshold may not exist that works for all cases. Gurcan et al. [29] designed a method for indentation detection that computes the ratio between the geodesic distance of two points on the border and the Euclidean distance of the line segment formed by the same two points. If the ratio is larger than a predefined threshold, then the lung border between the two points is replaced by the straight line through the two points.
In this paper, a fully automatic lung segmentation algorithm called Adaptive Border Marching (ABM) is introduced to segment the lung and correct the segmentation defects caused by juxtapleural nodules while minimizing undersegmentation and oversegmentation relative to the true lung border. The primary emphasis and distinguishing characteristic of the proposed method is on robustly correcting missed juxtapleural nodules. To evaluate the performance of this algorithm, experiments were conducted to evaluate: (1) the per-nodule sensitivity of the re-inclusion of juxtapleural nodules; and (2) the per-voxel undersegmentation and oversegmentation rates. We present examples as well as an analytical comparison between the rolling ball approach and our algorithm that demonstrate the advantages of our method.
Fig. 1 illustrates the basic steps of our method. The preprocessing stage takes a 3D chest CT dataset as input and, in three steps [Fig. 1 (a)~(c)], converts the dataset to a form where the lung border can be easily extracted in vector form as the input for our proposed ABM algorithm. Because this stage can be done with well established techniques, the three steps involved will be explained briefly. The second stage is the main contribution of this paper. It also contains three steps [Fig. 1 (d)~(f)] and aims to correct the defects caused by the exclusion of juxtapleural nodules. Below we explain the proposed method in detail.
The preprocessing stage contains three steps: 1) Gaussian Smoothing of the 3D CT Images [Fig.1 (a)]: Gaussian smoothing is used to remove the tiny isolated pockets of air between the patient and the CT bed in the images that lead to many small contours after the lung border tracing step that will be introduced below. These small contours will be incorrectly regarded as lung border. In our implementation, the CT images are convolved with a 3D Gaussian kernel that has a standard deviation of 1.0 mm. 2) Gray-level Thresholding [Fig.1 (b)]: In CT image data, the intensity of lung tissue is generally in the range of −400 HU to −600 HU, while the chest wall, blood, and bone is generally above −100 HU [30]. In our method, −500 HU is selected as the threshold to obtain the lung regions. 3) Floodfill Non-lung Region [Fig.1 (c)]: To remove non-lung regions left after thresholding, 2D flooding operation is performed slice by slice using the pixels along the image borders as flooding seeds. 2D flooding is used instead of 3D so that vessels that weave in and out of plane are included in the segmentation as intended.
After preprocessing, a well-known inner border tracing algorithm is used to compute the lung border by tracing the lung region [31]. The border of the lung region in each slice is traced in a sequence of pixels, thus forming a collection of directed closed contours:
where m is the number of the directed loops forming the lung border, li is the ith direction loop of the lung border, px is the pixel of the lung border.
For didactic purposes, we present here a non-adaptive version of border marching even though it is not used in the final algorithm but is the basis of the ABM algorithm. After that, we will explain the ABM algorithm.
To bridge the local concavities formed by improperly excluded juxtapleural nodules, our algorithm marches along the border with a marching step length and finds all of the convex tracks. The convex track is defined as the line segment connecting the starting point and the rightmost or leftmost point within the marching step. When the marching direction is clockwise, the leftmost line within the marching step is defined as the convex track; when the marching direction is counter-clockwise, the rightmost line within the marching step is defined as the convex track. For simplicity, counter-clockwise is used as the marching direction in this paper.
Whether a point is located on the right or left of a directed line can be simply determined by the right-hand rule, which checks the orientation of the rotation angle between two vectors, i.e., the vector of this line and the vector formed by the point and the starting point of the line. In our method, we need to find the right-most point within the marching step that is often formed by multiple points. To do this, the basic steps involved are: (1) Choose the first two points within the marching step as the directed reference line and the direction is along the marching direction [Fig. 2 (a)]. (2) Use the right-hand rule to check the relationship between the remaining points within the marching step and the directed reference line. If the point is located on the right side of the directed reference line, then a new directed reference line is formed by connecting the first point and this point [Fig. 2(b)]. (3) Repeat Step (2) until all the points within the marching step length are traversed. The point forming the end point of the final reference line is regarded as the rightmost point [Fig. 2(d)].
When the above algorithm is applied to CT lung images, example output is shown in Fig. 3, where the marching step length is measured in pixels along the lung border. The juxtapleural nodule can be properly included if the marching step length is larger than a certain value that varies according to the size of the juxtapleural nodule. However, when the marching step is too large, significant amounts of non-lung tissue are included, too, particularly in concave regions such as the mediastinal surface of the lung [Fig. 3(c)]. Also, the larger the marching step is, the more significant the over-segmentation will become. On the contrary, if the marching step is small [Fig. 3(a)~(b)], the juxtapleural nodules will not be fully included. Our experience with non-adaptive border marching is that even a judicious choice of static marching step length that effectively includes juxtapleural nodules will lead to erroneous inclusion of narrow slivers of chest wall on concave surfaces of the lung.
To overcome the aforementioned oversegmentation limitation [Fig. 4(a)], we have developed a solution using an adaptive marching step length. The over-segmentation issue is modeled with two parameters [Fig. 4(b)]. One parameter is W, the Euclidean distance between two consecutive points after the marching operation, and the other is Hmax, the maximum height perpendicular to this connecting line segment. To locate oversegmented regions, the step size is reduced adaptively when this ratio, λ, falls below a threshold value λo satisfying the "adaptive condition":
Given a local region, if λ is smaller than a threshold λo , then the marching step for this region is decreased by a scaling factor δ [0,1] (0.9 in our implementation), and the smoothing operation is executed again until λ within the new marching step is smaller than λo. The threshold λo can be optimized to the specific appearance of juxtapleural nodules.
After the Adaptive Border Marching algorithm is carried out upon the lung contours, a new set of contours is formed and they can be regarded a set of closed polygons. By simply checking out all pixels within the polygons, we will find out the lung region. Now, by stacking the segmented slices, we can get the final 3D lung region.
Twenty CT datasets were used for the analysis and experiments. Twenty-one consecutive outpatients scanned for suspicion of pulmonary nodules were scanned (age 15–91, mean 64; 16 male/5 female). One patient with active diffuse mycobacterial infection was excluded because of the presence of large areas of heterogeneous parenchymal consolidation and mucus plugs, which hindered the confident identification of pulmonary nodules in the reference reading. Please refer to [32] for a full description of these datasets. All these datasets were acquired without an intravenous contrast agent, from the lung apices through the upper abdomen, by using a four–detector row CT scanner (Volume Zoom; Siemens Medical Systems, Erlangen, Germany). Detector configuration was set to 4×1-mm section thickness, pitch of 1.5–1.75, gantry rotation time of 0.5 second, tube potential of 120 kVp, and tube current of 200–300 mA. The data were reconstructed into 1.25-mm-thick sections at 0.6-mm intervals by using a high resolution reconstruction kernel. The number of sections reconstructed per patient ranged from 431 to 664 (mean, 540). In total, 327 lung nodules (maximum diameter range: 1.5–18 mm; mean 4.1 mm) were determined by a consensus panel of three radiologists using 2D+3D image review, among which 67 were juxtapleural nodules. The lung contours were manually segmented by one radiologist and the results were used as the reference standard. To aid this manual segmentation, we developed a tool that allows the radiologist to threshold the images and then manually place splines to correct all areas of inaccuracy.
To evaluate the segmentation performance, we measured three error metrics: re-inclusion ratio of juxtapleural nodules (per-nodule sensitivity), and the per-voxel oversegmentation and undersegmentation rates. Oversegmentation is defined as the lung volume that is regarded as lung tissue in our segmentation method while not in the reference standard, and the undersegmentation is vice versa. They were both compared with the total lung volume in the reference standard. Whether a juxtapleural nodule was correctly included or not was determined by a radiologist to see whether there are obvious defects in the segmentation due to juxtapleural nodules. We use the cumulative distribution to demonstrate the fitting between the lung surfaces obtained by the Adaptive Border Marching algorithm and the lung surfaces in the reference standard. The cumulative distance distribution is formed by calculating the shortest distance between a point on the lung surfaces obtained by the Adaptive Border Marching algorithm and the lung surfaces in the reference standard.
As compared to the adaptive approach, the non-adaptive method will usually introduce more slivers of oversegmentation due to the constant marching step length. To examine the effects of the oversegmentation introduced by the two approaches, we examined a set of 50 circles with different radii, ranging from 5 to 500 in pixels, as input to the two methods. These cause concavities of the black regions (lungs) that are similar to those caused by the mediastinum and liver. To demonstrate their difference clearly, a set of circles [Fig. 5] are used to simulate the concave regions of the lungs. A sequence of circles of decreasing radius was selected to represent the range of curvatures that would be encountered in the lungs and demonstrate the success of the adaptive approach at all these curvatures. For the non-adaptive method, oversegmentation is more significant as the radius decreases. In contrast, the adaptive approach shows virtually no oversegmentation of the concave regions at any of the test radii.
By testing against the 20 datasets, our experiments show that all 67 juxtapleural nodules were correctly re-included and added to the segmentation for a per-nodule sensitivity of 100%. An example of the comparison between the original lung boundary and the new lung boundary obtained by the Adaptive Border Marching algorithm is shown in Fig. 6.
The oversegmentation and undersegmentation ratios for the 20 datasets are shown in Fig. 7. The average oversegmentation volume error per case is 0.43% of the true volume, while the average undersegmentation is 1.63%. It can be seen from Fig. 7 that the undersegmentation ratios of case 3 and case 15 are significantly larger than the other cases. We found that these large undersegmentation ratios are caused by a large hilar region, and consolidation, respectively, as demonstrated by Fig. 8.
The cumulative error distance distribution is shown in Fig. 9. 94.2%, 98.9%, 95.4% of the lung surfaces obtained by our algorithm were within 2 mm of the reference standard, respectively, for undersegmentation, oversegmentation and the plus of over- and under-segmentation. The largest error for undersegmentation is 30 mm, while the largest error for oversegmentation is 6 mm. The error bars in Fig. 9 indicate the standard deviation of the cumulative percentage at the corresponding distance. Note that the high percentage of errors within a voxel or two is due to the excellent match of high contrast edges where no juxtapleural nodules or hilum are present to cause disagreement. The average number of points consisting of lung surfaces per case of the 20 cases is approximately 500,000. In addition, the computation time of our method is under 1 minute per case on average using a typical PC computer (AMD Athlon™ 64 X2 Dual, 2.11GHz, 2GB RAM), which is more computationally efficient than the rolling ball method.
In the Adaptive Border Marching algorithm, there are three parameters: the initial marching step length, the adaptive threshold λo, and the scale factor δ when the adaptive condition is met. The marching step length can be simply assigned an arbitrary value that is larger than the circumference of any juxtapleural nodule and the adaptive algorithm will find the appropriate step adaptively. In Fig. 10, an example is shown to demonstrate the effect of the initial marching step length upon the final result. For interactive applications, the marching step length could be used to control the fit between the smoothed result and the original border. The smaller the step length is, the more precise the smoothed result fits the original border.
The scale factor δ determines the rate of change of the marching step length during the adaptive process. A smaller δ will lead to a rapid change of marching step, while a larger δ will lead to a slow change of the marching step. When the marching step is changed too quickly, the optimum marching step might be skipped, thus leading to an undesirable result. Ideally, a value as close to 1 should be chosen such that undue computational burden is avoided. In our case, we found a value of 0.9 to be quite reasonable both in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency.
The purpose of the adaptive threshold λo is to determine a proper marching step according to the shape of the local region. Although it is intuitive to use curvature to describe the shape change, we found this to be inherently a localized measurement very susceptible to noise. Instead, we intend to use a more global measure of these shape anomalies that is less susceptible to small perturbations in contour. For the sake of simplicity, we examine the λ measurement on an idealized hemicircle shape perturbation with radius of curvature R as shown in Fig. 11. If the width W is changed by the adaptive algorithm, the maximum height Hmax also changes according to:
Note that for a simple object such as a hemicircle, λ is not scale-free (i.e., constant with respect to changing W and constant R) unlike curvature and in fact, varies approximately linearly. This interesting property is what gives this adaptive algorithm significant robustness by adaptively reducing W. If λ is above λo, the adaptive procedure does not proceed. However, if λ is below and W is reduced by the adaptive procedure, the gap between λ and λo will grow reducing the likelihood that the adaptive procedure stops prematurely due to naturally occurring variations in shape away from our idealized hemicircle. Thus, the adaptive nature of this algorithm encourages either complete re-inclusion of juxtapleural nodules (λ>λo) or a match to the threshold-based border when juxtapleural nodules are not present (λ <λo). This "all or nothing" characteristic yields excellent performance in fixing juxtapleural nodules without leaving "slivers".
Due to the fact that the practical juxtapleural nodules are not exact hemicircles, the adaptive condition λo should be set a value less than 0.5 that actually indicates a perfect hemicircle. Meanwhile, λo should also be large enough to make sure that other concave regions will not be incorrectly regarded as juxtapleural region. In our implementation, λo is assigned with 0.33 yielding robust results.
As a geometric approach, the method proposed in this paper has many valuable advantages over the often cited rolling-ball method for juxtapleural nodule segmentation. The reason that we conducted the comparison between the rolling ball method and our method analytically instead of running it directly on our own datasets is due to the fact that the parameter selection for rolling ball method is not straightforward and it is not a fair comparison to implement our own.
As a morphological operation, the rolling ball filter is a specific closing operation where the structural element is a circle. It consists of a dilation operation followed by an erosion operation. If the radius of a rolling ball is r pixels, the size of the structural element usually is (2×r+1)×(2×r+1) pixels and this is scanned across the image. The computational complexity of the basic algorithm will be O(r2×n2), where the size of the image is n×n. This is also the reason that many methods [33–35] have been proposed to increase the efficiency of morphological operations.
In the degenerate case when the initial marching step is larger than the length of the border, the non-Adaptive Border Marching method is equivalent to the well-known Jarvis March algorithm [31], which computes the global convex hull of an arbitrary set of points. Similar to the Jarvis March algorithm, the computational complexity of this proposed algorithm is O(kn), where n is the number of points forming the pre-smoothed border and k is the number of points formed the smoothed border. Obviously, in the worst cases the complexity is O(n2).
In [20], Kim et al. pointed out to the difficulty in selecting a fixed radius for the rolling ball method due to the size variance of juxtapleural nodules. In addition, there are other disadvantages of the rolling ball method. Small radius values will lead to an incomplete inclusion of juxtapleural nodules [Fig. 12(b)~(d)], which will cause incorrect volumetric measurement of the nodules. Although this issue can be partially alleviated when the radius is set large enough, it will lead to heavy computation and local shape changes [Fig. 12(e)]. In contrast, the adaptive border marching algorithm has no such limitations [Fig. 12(f)].
As compared the rolling ball method, which generalizes between 2D and 3D, our proposed algorithm is 2D because it requires a linear sequence (i.e., total ordering) of the set of contour points in order to march around the contour. However, there is no obvious way to create a linear sequence of the vertices of a 3D mesh and thus, there is no obvious order to march along a mesh.
As compared to the numerous image segmentation methods proposed in the past decades, few approaches have ever been proposed in the field of medical image analysis to evaluate the segmentation algorithms in an intuitive and consistent way. Quantitative evaluation of a segmentation algorithm is crucial because it can not only provide a reliable basis for its clinical applications but also indicate its relative performance compared to other existing algorithms [36]. In his survey paper [37], Zhang classified the methods for segmentation evaluation into two categories: analytical methods [38–39] and empirical methods [40–41]. The analytical methods evaluate a segmentation algorithm by analyzing its properties, including its algorithm logic, complexity, requirement and efficiency, while the empirical methods judge a segmentation algorithm through experiments. Evaluating the performance of a lung segmentation approach is often difficult because the true lung boundary is unknown [40–42]. Often, the reference standard refers to the consensus of several experts. In this paper, our evaluations are performed from both perspectives proposed by Zhang [37]. The comparison between the rolling ball method and our method is mainly conducted analytically. Meanwhile, the reference standard was created manually under the guidance of one radiologist to avoid additional issues of combining multiple reference standards. Although the limited number radiologists involved in this manual segmentation might lead to bias, the difference between the lung boundaries obtained by our algorithm and the reference standard can reflect the errors of our segmentation method with respect to an expert. Given the reference standard, there still needs to be a distance metric that can measure the fit between the results obtained by the algorithm and the reference standard. Although many methods have been proposed to evaluate the performance of lung segmentation, such as pixel-wise XOR operations [41], Pratt Figure of merit [40] and partition distance [43], they do not offer both a local and global impression of the segmentation performance. In this paper, we demonstrate the segmentation performance using the error distance distribution [Fig. 9], which demonstrates not only an overview of the over- and under-segmentation, but also the whole statistical distribution of segmentation error distances.
As an important issue in pulmonary image analysis, segmentation has received much attention in the past and many methods have been proposed. In this paper, we have introduced a geometric algorithm that segments the lung using a novel Adaptive Border Marching algorithm. Unlike many previous pixel-based approaches, our method generalizes lung segmentation as a smoothing process of contours in continuous space. Fundamentally, this algorithm could be applied to any application where very specific localized indentations to otherwise smooth contours must be bridged. To demonstrate these advantages, an extensive analysis and experiments have been conducted and presented in this paper. As a computational geometry approach, our method has many advantages such as low computational cost, robust smoothing performance, easy implementation and no user interaction. The algorithm introduced in this paper is currently used as a precursor for lung nodule computer-aided detection.
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grant R01-CA109089.
Justus Roos, MD, is now an assistant professor of radiology at Stanford University. His research interests focus around CT applications, with two main scholarly focuses on computer-aided detection of pulmonary nodules in chest CT scans and on cardiovascular CT visualization techniques. A major project has been to develop and validate new 3D post-processing methods of CT angiography data in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease.
Chin A Yi, MD, is now a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford University. She is affiliated with the Department of Radiology and Center for Imaging Science at Sunkyunkwan University School of Medicine, where she received her MD and residency training. Her research interests lie in pulmonary imaging, automated detection of lung nodules in CT data, and the impact investigation of CAD on the diagnostic performance of radiologists interpreting lung CT scans.
Geoffrey D. Rubin, M.D., is a Professor of Radiology and the Chief of the Cardiovascular Imaging Section at Stanford University, as well as a co-founder and the current medical Co-Director of Stanford's 3D Medical Imaging Laboratory. He received his MD from the University of California at San Diego and had his residency at Stanford University. His research interests focus on cardiovascular and pulmonary imaging.
Sandy Napel, Ph.D., is a Professor of Radiology, Professor of Medicine-Informatics (by courtesy) and Professor of Electrical Engineering (by courtesy) at Stanford University. He received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University. He is currently Co-Directors of the Stanford Radiology 3D Medical Imaging Laboratory. His primary interests are in developing diagnostic and therapy-planning applications and strategies for the acquisition and visualization of multi-dimensional medical imaging data.
David Paik is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Radiology at Stanford University. He did his doctoral work in biomedical informatics at Stanford focusing on computer aided interpretation of medical images including anatomic modeling, visualization and computer aided diagnosis. He is currently working on several major projects that focus on bringing a quantitative and principled approach to medical image analysis with the ultimate goal of integrating image-derived information with other biomedical information sources.
Jiantao Pu is now a Research Assistant Professor at the University of Pittsburgh. His research interests include computer graphics, medical image processing, and human-computer interaction. He is a member of ACM Siggraph and the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. He received a PhD in computer science at Peking University. He worked as a postdoctoral research fellow at Purdue University and Stanford University respectively. Contact him at .ude.ttip@31pij
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Two male comedians bring everyday sexism to stag
Sexism is casual. It is an everyday phenomenon that makes you a killjoy if you point out. And can you even be funny without being a bit sexist? Two male stand up comics have decided to solve this on stage ,bringing out their own sexism and exposing the social reality as they do so.
Rohan Desai and Adhiraj Singh
The duo, Adhiraj Singh and Rohan Desai claim that they, together have over 50 years of experience in being men and that means they will be taken seriously. "That qualifies us to talk on a lot of subjects. Our deep voices and facial hair impose a dashing and fearsome effect on all those who face us, our testosterone runneth over," Singh says.
The response for their attempt to solve sexism, Desai says, has been very mixed. And their experience with finding sexism among the audience too was interesting. "At one point in the show, we usually ask a volunteer to step on stage and say something sexist. This one time, we got a guy who absolutely failed at it. He couldn't arrive at anything sexist to say and that in itself became the joke," Desai recalls.
Sometimes, the audience does not get their wit and sometimes, they hate their work. "Our comedy seems to be very divisive. We did a show once at Tata Institute of Social Sciences, and two girls came up to us after the show. One wanted to take a picture with us while the other told us to see a psychiatrist. Few days later, someone from the audience looked for us on Facebook, so she could tell us how much she did not enjoy the show and went to give long list of jokes she did not like. From people coming back to watch it again with more friends to people walking out or refusing to even acknowledge us as comedians, we have literally had it all. It's fun though. No complaints," the
duo explains.
On whether men should attempt to solve sexism, Singh says, "Men cause sexism so they should solve it. Asking women to somehow fight sexism to achieve equality themselves without any help from any men is illogical, as illogical as the title of the show. It's like putting someone in a ditch and then saying, sorry, but you'll have to climb out yourself.'"
On June 11, 8.15 pm
At Cuckoo CLub, 5AA, Mc Ronnel's Compound, Pali Hill Road, Bandra (W).
Call 9619962969


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"What lies behind us…" Ralph Waldo Emerson
"What lies behind us and what lies ahead of us are small matters compared to what lies within us." Ralph Waldo Emerson
"What lies behind us and what lies ahead of us are small matters compared to what lies within us." Ralph Waldo Emerson
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"I hope your dreams take you to the corners of your smiles, to the highest of your hopes, to the windows of your opportunities, and to the most special places your heart has ever known." Anonymous
"Be who you are and say what you feel, because those who mind don't matter and those who matter don't mind." Dr. Seuss
"Shoot for the moon. Even if you miss, you'll land among the stars." Les Brown
"Make the most of yourself, for that is all there is of you." Ralph Waldo Emerson
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"Education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten." B. F. Skinner
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"It is our responsibilities, not ourselves, that we should take seriously." Peter Ustinov
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"The best ideas come as jokes. Make your thinking as funny as possible." David M. Ogilvy
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"The world is governed more by appearances than realities, so that it is fully as necessary to seem to know something as to know it." Daniel Webster
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"God didn't call us to be successful, just faithful." Mother Teresa
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"If they can make penicillin out of mouldy bread, they can sure make something out of you." Muhammad Ali
"Use what talent you possess. The woods would be very silent if no birds sang except those that sang best." Henry Van Dyke
"People of mediocre ability sometimes achieve outstanding success because they don't know when to quit. Most people succeed because they are determined to." George Allen


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home > brain & nervous system center > brain & nervous system a-z list > amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) article
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (cont.)
What is the treatment for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)?
The goals of medical treatment are to relieve symptoms and complications, maintain muscle functions and movement, and delay paralysis and disability for as long as possible.
Self-Care at Home for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
ALS is a slowly progressive disease causing gradual disability. Once you begin to lose muscle function, you also begin to lose the ability to care for yourself.
Medically Reviewed by a Doctor on 6/16/2016
Medical Author:
Fernando Dangond, MD
Medical Editor:
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Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disease of unknown cause characterized by slowly progressive degeneration of upper motor neurons (UMNs) and lower motor neurons (LMNs).


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Dylan Hartley, the England hooker, acknowledged that New Zealand had secured a key psychological advantage for the Rugby World Cup next year after brushing England aside 36-13 to clinch a 3-0 series win.
The tourists were humiliated in a first half during which they yielded four tries. They showed more fight after the interval but could not prevent New Zealand recording a record-equalling 17th successive Test victory.
"Tonight was supposed to be a watershed moment for us and instead that was a bit of a statement from the All Blacks so hats off to them for that," Hartley said. "The psychological battle is key and you saw the manner in which they finished. They scored with the last play. That is not good enough from us. Unfortunately that is what we will be remembered for.
"We were just chasing shadows. It is disappointing to opt out in the last game, in that style, in that fashion. There is more to this test than the result. There is that psychological battle we'd have liked to have won. They come to Twickenham next and it is all in their favour. We will have to dig deep." This was England's second heaviest defeat under Stuart Lancaster, only the second time the margin of defeat has been in double figures. "I laid down a few home truths at half-time," Lancaster said. "There were some pretty sharp words."
Andy Farrell, the backs coach, was damning about England's defence. "The defence started poorly and got worse," Farrell said. "We weren't even near 80 per cent. You need to be proactive against the All Blacks and we were only reactive. Once you are behind the eight ball, there is a snowball effect. That first half simply wasn't good enough. We now know what intensity looks like and what intensity does not look like."
All Black wing Cory Jane said: "In the first half maybe England were looking at a few weeks off because it had been a long season," he said. "We took advantage of that."
New Zealand will now turn their attention to becoming the most successful side in the history of the game when they take on Australia in Sydney in August, in search of an 18th win. "You don't want to make it too big a deal but it certainly would be nice to hold the record outright," said Richie McCaw, the All Black captain.


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The Oakland Raiders were a team with a lot of holes. The quarterback, running back and wide receiver positions featured a revolving door of starters. Terrelle Pyror started the season playing well, but Matt McGloin took over after an injury. Darren McFadden proved that he cannot stay healthy and Rashad Jennings filled in well. With the different quarterbacks the wide receivers could not build a rapport.
Despite all of these question marks, there was one player owners kept an eye on all season. That player is Rod Streater.
Streater finished as the 35th-best fantasy wide receiver, scoring 104 points. Streater was one of the only players on the team to have success with both Pryor and McGloin. He scored 53 points in seven games with Pryor as the starter and 50 with McGloin in six.
Early in the season, Denarius Moore was on fire, scoring 62 points in his first five games. Then the production stopped. He scored just 33 points from Weeks 8 to 17, mostly because of injury. As a result, Streater stepped up and took over the No. 1 wide receiver spot for the Raiders.
Streater wasn't added in a lot of leagues, but he served those owners well in the ones he was added to. Whether Pryor or McGloin is the starter next season, it doesn't matter. I would draft him over players like Mike Wallace, Marques Colston and Victor Cruz. Streater will be a top 30 wide receiver, a WR3 in standard leagues, and should be drafted in at least the seventh round.
Bill Pivetz is a fantasy football writer for Rant Sports. Follow him on Twitter @Mr_Piv1127.


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Last night the Kids made 5 scribbler robots! The kids had a great time.
After that, we completed the fixing of the laser cutter which worked brilliantly on the synthetic mica a member wanted to test cut on.
(Yes it is the same photo as last week! The IR laser is invisible to both eyes and cameras.)


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Prospect Mateo optioned to Class A Advanced Tampa
LAKELAND, Fla. -- Jorge Mateo had been planning on taking a bus ride with the Yankees' big league squad. Instead, the infielder's morning included a brief chat with manager Joe Girardi and a trip across the street to the team's Minor League complex.
Ranked as the organization's No. 5 prospect by MLB Pipeline, Mateo was optioned to Class A Advanced Tampa prior to Friday's game against the Tigers. Girardi said that the speedster had a good camp coming off a season in which he served a two-week suspension for an unspecified violation of team policy.
"I thought he was very mature in camp," Girardi said. "He had a great camp on the field, in the clubhouse, off the field. I think sometimes we can make a lot of certain things but 21 years old, I was doing some foolish things. Just not everybody knew about it, right? I think he's grown up. I don't think he could have done much more, really."
The suspension cost Mateo a trip to the SiriusXM All-Star Futures Game, and the Yankees then bumped Mateo to second base upon the July acquisition of top prospect Gleyber Torres from the Cubs.
Mateo played both second base and shortstop this spring, batting .136 (3-for-22) with a double, a home run, two RBIs and one steal in 14 games.
"I told him, 'Wherever you go, I think it's your job to go dominate, because you're a special talent,'" Girardi said. "In a way, it's a real blessing to have the talent that he has, but it's also a curse in a sense because we're always going to be watching every move you make. Just because they want to see what you're going to do, so you have to pay attention to the details and play the game the right way, because someone is going to be watching."
Girardi said that the Yankees plan to have Mateo play some center field this season as they determine where he may best fit into their future plans.
"I still really like him in the infield," Girardi said. "I think his range is going to be really good. I thought he played a very good shortstop and a very good second base for us. When you have the speed he does, the versatility -- as I told him, when you have the talent level that you have, you start thinking about what's the quickest way to get him here."
Worth noting
Austin Romine (bruised right hand) received treatment on Friday at George M. Steinbrenner Field and is improving, according to Girardi. The Yankees tentatively plan to have Romine travel for Sunday's game against the Astros in West Palm Beach, Fla.
Bryan Hoch has covered the Yankees for MLB.com since 2007. Follow him on Twitter @bryanhoch and on Facebook. This story was not subject to the approval of Major League Baseball or its clubs.


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Costs warning
Woodside Petroleum has warned that further cost blowouts in the oil and gas industry could jeopardise investment. With seven large LNG projects being developed in Australia, Woodside's chief executive, Peter Coleman, said investors would deploy capital elsewhere if operators failed to maintain cost estimates and schedules.
CFO leaves
PaperlinX will embark on the restructure of its struggling European operations with a new chief financial officer. The paper and packaging group, which in November announced 370 jobs would go at its European operations, said a replacement for Richard Barfield was expected to be announced soon. PaperlinX reported a loss of $266.7 million for 2011-12.
Buy and cell
Shoppers are increasingly using their mobile devices in the lead-up to Christmas. PayPal Australia says Australians are expected to make $5.6 billion worth of purchases on their mobile phones this Christmas, compared to $155 million in 2010. Consumers were increasingly using mobile devices to shop after stores closed, with 30 per cent of transactions between 8pm and midnight.
Contract wins
Transfield Services has won several contracts worth $140 million, including work on two energy projects. The contracts include providing maintenance at Woodside's offshore oil and gas facilities in Western Australia for three years. It won the right to build several wells as part of the Queensland Curtis liquefied natural gas project.
Price outlook
Australia's wholesale electricity prices are likely to stabilise in coming years, and east coast states other than Queensland should have ample generating capacity to cope with peak demand, according to a report by analysts at ROAM Consulting. Wholesale prices in NSW, Victoria, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT average about $50 to $60 per megawatt hour.


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Shtetl engagement custom makes modern comeback
When it comes to Jewish wedding customs, one could say everything old is new again.
According to numerous how-to-plan-your-Jewish-wedding Web sites, modern couples have resurrected tenaim (a 12th- century Ashkenazic tradition) and — after retrofitting the ritual — eagerly add the ceremony to their Big Day.
You're invited to embrace this custom, too. But first, some backstory.
In European shtetls, tenaim (conditions) was a formal engagement ceremony at which parents of the girl and parents of the boy agreed to betroth their two children. During the celebration, a contract was signed, witnessed and read to the assemblage. This document set the date and time of the wedding — typically many months off — and outlined prenuptial obligations of each family regarding the dowry, a gift for the groom, plus other financial and logistical matters.
The contract included a proviso that the party who breaks the agreement before the wedding (p'tui, p'tui) must pay a stiff fine to the injured party. To seal the bargain, the future mothers-in-law smashed a dish. Some authorities say this symbolizes the impending breaks in their relationships with their children while recognizing that a new family is created — a family with lives of their own who now are responsible for taking care of and feeding each other.
Although the tenaim document — unlike the ketubah — is not a Jewish legal requirement for marriage, the tenaim had clout. In fact, the 18th century leader of Lithuanian Jewry, Rabbi Elijah ben Solomon Zalman (aka the Vilna Gaon), maintained that breaking the obligations of the agreement — backing down on one's word — is reprehensible, far worse than divorce.
The Gaon also weighed in on tenaim plates and demanded they be ceramic, since "just as a ceramic plate cannot be repaired, so the families should be warned not to renege on their commitments." (Word has it that unmarried women will trample over one another for a piece of the broken crockery, because it's considered a talisman that leads to romance and chuppah. Could be….)
While modern tenaim ceremonies are based on the old model, today's couples usually shift the focus from traditional legal formalities to personal conditions and concerns — both current and future — that express their love, trust, shared values and commitment to the covenant of marriage.
These conditions often include:
- To create a Jewish home where Shabbat and holidays are celebrated, and where Jewish tradition is part of everyday life.
- To create an open home where family, friends, community and strangers feel welcome.
- To undertake tikkun olam (repair of the world), support social justice and give tzedakah (philanthropy) regularly.
- To affirm the importance of diversity and equality in their community and in the world.
- To work together as equal partners through life's challenges.
- To listen. To empathize with each other.
- To support each other in their careers, while making time together their top priority.
- To share financial and home responsibilities fairly.
- To, God willing, be blessed with children and to raise them in a home filled with love for one another, dedication to Judaism and commitment to inclusiveness.
Some couples still plan tenaim as an anticipatory celebration well in advance of the nuptials. Others choose the weekend of the wedding, often at Havdalah, since the separation made between Shabbat and the rest of the week can also mark the distinction between "single" and "married." Many brides and grooms schedule tenaim on the wedding day itself, an hour or so before the actual marriage ceremony. Any option works.
Clearly, modern tenaim celebrations can be original — even improvisational — while still including meaningful family traditions that link past, present and future. Additional proof that with Jewish wedding customs, what goes around comes around — in more ways than just circling the groom.
Ozzie Nogg is a freelance writer who takes a slightly offbeat look at the history and observance of Jewish holidays, festivals and life-cycle events. Her Web site is www.rabbisdaughter.com.


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Sivir Build Guide by LetsGetOP
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
Thank You!
Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
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The adc Beast
Sivir Build
at beginning
buy these
choose one of these
example end build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
So often i see Guys which aren't using their skills -.-
its so Stupid if i think = Darius, you are Lv 11 and i've got under 20% of my life! WHY U DONT KILL ME!!??
but sivir, hihi Sivir is great.
at beginning of a 1v1 u can set your Q as first strike, when you are still alive and your enemy wants to run away...GET HIM WITH Q AGAIN!! :D BOOMERANG BLADE's cooldown is just 9 seconds. SO USE IT!!!
if your enemy runs away and u just shot your BOOMERANG BLADE away use RICOSHET! if he is running away he hasn't got enaugh life to stay, so > USE IT.
if your enemy runs away through his tower, run after with ON THE HUNT's passive (40% movement speed while RICOSHET is active) RICOSHET+SPELL SHIELD so u can't get stunned. And if u cant hit him with RICOSHET, TAKE THE FUC**NG BOOMERANG BLADE!! USE IT!!
Your Ulti, use it if u are bored of the game.
U got skills. What for? USE IT!
Infinity Edge
combine with your Masteries pls...pls pls pls!
Look at FRENZY, you just added BRUTE FORCE and LETHALITY for it. So pls, this item is a MUST! USE IT!
Everybody knows this Situation: NO MANA?!
o fuc* no mana.
u could use one item like BLADE OF THE RUINED KING...but you just liked LAST WHISPER more.
u got spells USE THEM!! IGNITE=USE IT! FLASH=USE IT!
The Creep Farm
You are ADC you've got the acces right to steal the farm from the supporter. If you've got problems with your supporter and he steals your farm, you've got the acces to report him after the game. The better way: talk to your team members!
about me
ok its a champion guide, but i wanted to tell something about me.
Im from Germany so my English is very bad :D sorry for that.
Im playing LoL with a really bad PC. So its very hard for me to play it. But i like it anyway.
My KD (kill><Death) isn't the best because its getting hurt by my pc.
I test my builds every time in a free game. My last Sivir KD was 44/3/1. thats not very much because its a free game. but its just because my pc :D
My builds are built by Experience and a long way of thinking.


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This is a lovely older Hallmark ornament, the silver plated Silvery Noel from the Holiday Container series. It is a little box that opens and closes on a hinge and has 1993 on the top and the letters for NOEL around the sides. It is in very good condition and has its original red ribbon hanger. It is just under 2 inches high and 1.75 inches wide. The box does show some wear and it is without its original packaging for inside the box, usually a clamshell.
We have other Hallmark ornaments listed, so be sure to look for them as we are always happy to combine shipping charges to save you some money on postage.
Another shopper has this item in their Cart or Wish List .
Free Shipping on any US order, with tracking and insurance via USPS Priority & First Class Mail!
An Eclectic Mix of Reasonably Priced Antiques and Collectibles from Central PA


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Afro Samurai (video game)
This article's lead section does not adequately summarize key points of its contents. (February 2014)
|Afro Samurai
|Namco Bandai Games
|Surge (North America)
Namco (Europe and Australia)
|PlayStation 3, Xbox 360
|Action,[1] hack and slash
Afro Samurai is a video game for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 video game consoles, loosely based on the manga and anime series of the same name. It was announced in the February 2008 issue of Play magazine[2] and released on January 27, 2009.[3] The game was developed by Namco Bandai Games[4] and in North America, it was the first and only game published under their western label, Surge. In Europe and Australia the game used the Namco brand instead and being distributed by Atari Europe.
Afro Samurai is a 3D brawler with platforming elements. Using light hits, power hits, kicks, and blocks the player fights various enemies. Most levels culminate in a boss fight, and in-engine cutscenes advance the story.
The game features a cel-shaded animation style. Though it is a hack and slash game, the "fighting is a bit more strategic" and the player is able to block and use combos. The enemies will respond by rolling, ducking and hopping over the player's blade and occasionally using body orifices to catch the weapons, the combat system was worked on by Monty Oum.
Gianluca's cousin said that the one who becomes "Number One" will rule the world, wielding powers akin to a god. Someone becomes Number One by killing the previous Number One and taking his ceremonial headband. However, only the "Number Two" is allowed to challenge the Number One. Because of this, few people ever reach the Number One because the Number Two headband is constantly changing owners. Afro's father was the old Number One, until he was brutally killed by a gunman named Justice, an event witnessed by Afro as a child. Now an adult, Afro Samurai is the current Number Two and a master swordsman; he travels the road seeking revenge on Justice. Lengthy flashbacks interspersed throughout the story detail how Afro rose from frightened boy fleeing the death of his father, to master swordsman, and eventually to become the current "Number Two", while the story in the present deals with the adult Afro making his way to the mountain top keep of the "Number One" to duel Justice, while at the same time the mysterious cult known as the Empty Seven Clan sends various agents to kill Afro and take his Number Two headband.
Voice acting[edit]
All of the main characters are voiced by the same actors as in the anime. Mary Elizabeth McGlynn served as the voice director for the game.
Hip hop producer RZA is credited as music director, but due to time constraints, he was unable to contribute fully. Instead he told the team how he went about scoring Afro Samurai, and put them in contact with various individuals to assist them in delivering a sound similar to what he created for the anime. He did, however, send the team a couple of tracks to use in the game.
Downloadable content[edit]
The game's credits reveal that Namco Bandai commissioned a TV screenwriter, Peter Saji, to produce a storyline for a downloadable episode. In an interview, Saji admitted that multiple downloadable episodes are in production, but could not provide a release date.[5]
The game was given moderate reviews, resulting in the Metacritic score of 65. Namco Bandai posted on its fiscal year report that the game sold 420,000 copies across all platforms in the US and Europe.[17]
An episodic sequel was announced in June 2015, called Afro Samurai 2: Revenge of Kuma.[18] Volume 1 was released on PlayStation 4, and PC on September 22, 2015 and the Xbox One on October 8, 2015. In November 2015, the game was removed from the PlayStation Store, Xbox Marketplace and Steam and volumes 2 and 3 were cancelled due to poor reception.[19]
- ^ "Afro Samurai Page". GamePro. Archived from the original on 2008-10-11. Retrieved 2008-10-06.
- ^ "Latest Anime Game: Afro Samurai". Xbox 360 Fanboy. 2008-02-19. Archived from the original on 21 February 2008. Retrieved 2008-02-20.
- ^ "Afro Samurai Stalls to January 27". Gamespot. 2008-07-28. Retrieved 2008-07-28.
- ^ "IGN: Afro Samurai by Namco Bandai". IGN. Archived from the original on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-30.
- ^ ""Afro Samurai" DLC Revealed by Credit Reel -- Will Span Multiple Episodes". GameCyte. Archived from the original on 9 March 2009. Retrieved 2009-02-10.
- ^ "Afro Samurai for Xbox 360 Reviews, Ratings, Credits, and More at Metacritic". Metacritic.com. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ Haywald, Justin (2009-01-27). "Afro Samurai Review for 360, PS3 from". 1UP.com. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ Matt Miller. "Blood and Steel". Archived from the original on 26 February 2009. Retrieved 22 February 2009.
- ^ "Internet Archive Wayback Machine". Web.archive.org. 2011-06-07. Archived from the original on June 7, 2011. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ "Afro Samurai Review". GameSpot.com. 2009-01-27. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ "Afro Samurai Review - PlayStation 3". GameZone. Archived from the original on February 6, 2009. Retrieved February 22, 2009.
- ^ var authorId = "78864510" by Greg Miller. "Afro Samurai Review - PlayStation 3 Review at IGN". Ps3.ign.com. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ http://www.oxmonline.com/article/reviews/xbox-360/a-f/afro-samurai
- ^ Vinson, Dana (2009-01-30). "Afro Samurai Review for Xbox 360". G4tv. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ ZTGD. "Afro Samurai | PlayStation 3 | ZTGD". Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ "Afro Samurai (Xbox 360/PS3) Review - Extreme Gamer". Extremegamer.ca. Retrieved 2012-03-30.
- ^ Alexander, Leigh (August 4, 2009). "Namco Bandai Sees Loss As Afro Samurai Tops Sales". Gamasutra.com. Retrieved 2009-08-04.
- ^ Campbell, Colin (June 12, 2015). "Afro Samurai 2: Revenge of Kuma story trailer sets the stage for revenge". Retrieved July 1, 2015.
- ^ Biordi, Jordan (19 November 2015). "Versus Evil Explains the Disappearance of Afro Samurai 2". Comics Gaming Magazine. Retrieved 20 November 2015.


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