text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Aug 23, 1983
|Filing date
|Aug 19, 1981
|Priority date
|Sep 9, 1980
|Fee status
|Publication number
|Eugen Hohmann
|Original Assignee
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (3), Referenced by (44), Classifications (19), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention is directed to a device for sterilizing medical and dental objects for example hand instruments and the like.
Hot steam sterilizers or autoclaves employed in the medical field for sterilizing objects such as hand instruments, tools or the like require relatively long heating and cooling times because among other things they have a relatively great chamber volume. Therefore, the amount of time, which is set aside for sterilization, is inappropriately high. This is particularly true when only a few objects are to be sterilized for example, only the instruments used in one treatment. Moreover, the apparatus structure of an autoclave is relatively involved.
The present invention is directed to providing a device for sterilizing medical and dental objects such as hand instruments and the like, which device has a simple construction, and can operate with the sterilization time which is signifantly reduced in comparison to traditional devices.
To achieve these objects, the present invention is directed to a device for sterilizing medical and dental objects, such as instruments and the like, by contacting an object with a gas or vapor produced by heating a liquid reaction agent. The device comprises a first container for receiving the object to be sterilized, a second container for receiving the liquid reaction agent and having a volume substantially smaller than the volume of the first container, means for interconnecting the interiors of the first and second containers to enable a flow of fluid and gases therebetween, and means for heating the liquid reaction agent in the second container to produce a hot gas for sterilizing the object in the first container. The means for heating includes a source of radiation which may be either infrared radiation or microwave radiation, means for creating an area of high energy density for the radiation, and means for positioning the second container in the area of the high energy density so that the liquid reaction agent in the second container is heated to a temperature to vaporize it into a hot gas which flows through the means for interconnecting to sterilize the objects in the first container.
The employment of a microwave radiator is particularly advantageous. For example, micro-organisms, which are not fluid filled per se such as for example organism creating or breeding spores, may not be killed by the microwave energy. However, the device, which uses microwave energy for heating a reaction agent to create steam or gas to sterilize the object will easily kill these micro-organisms or spore creating organisms. When microwave energy is directed on metal parts, it will form spark gaps at border surfaces and seams of the parts and these sparks will result in surface destruction of the object to be sterilized. In the device of the present invention which utilizes a microwave energy to heat a reaction agent to create steam which is conducted away from the microwave chamber, parts can be sterilized without the problems with spark gaps being formed. In addition, microwaves normally do not penetrate into cracks and thus will not kill micro-organisms which are situated therein. However, the heated gases created from heating the reaction agent will penetrate into seams and cracks to obtain the desired sterilization by killing micro-organisms located therein.
In the device of the present invention, the material to be sterilized is kept outside of the field covered by the source of radiation and these parts are thus only contacted by the steam or gases generated in the second container. If one keeps the first container, which accepts the object to be sterilized and forms the sterilization spaces, as small as possible and advantageously at a size, which corresponds to the acceptance of only one or a few objects to be sterilized, then the volume or amount of fluid required to generate the steam or gas is relatively small. With a relatively small amount or volume of fluid, extremely short heating times are achieved and also the cooling time is likewise shortened by the same degree.
Given a container size of approximately 50 ml for receiving the material to be sterilized, an amount or volume of liquid reaction agent of approximately 4 ml and a radiator power of approximately 500 watts, sterilization is possible in the few minutes by the device of the present invention. By means of selecting suitable reaction agents with various boiling points, a fast and secure sterilization which is matched to the particular material can be achieved.
When utilizing an infrared source, as a source of radiation, the means for concentrating the radiation is preferably an elliptical reflector having first and second focal lines and the second container is positioned in one of the first and second focal lines while the source of infrared radiation is placed at the other. In addition, at least the second container will be formed of a material which has a good infrared permeability for example glass. The elliptical reflector should be provided with a good reflective coating such as a gold coating and is manufactured as a thin wall of material with a low thermal capacity.
In either embodiment of the device, which uses either an infrared source of radiation or a microwave source, means for creating an explosive transfer of the reactive agent can be utilized. The means for explosive transfer will prevent movement of the vaporized reaction agent until the vapor pressure have reached a level in the range of 1.5 to 5 bars so that the liquid reaction agent will be heated until it exceeds this given vapor pressure at which time the means releases the vapor pressure to explosively flow into the first container. This means for creating an explosive transfer can be either a plastic-like bag which is designed to burst at a specific vapor pressure within the above-mentioned range or a partition film or seal which is disposed in the means for connecting to seal the two containers apart until the vapor pressure of the reaction agent in the second container reaches the specified level.
In addition, to aid in obtaining the penetration of the gas or vapor into the various seams and crevises of the object, the first container can be provided with means for creating a vacuum in a range of 1 to 200 Torr. The means include an inlet or connection having a valve which can be connected to a vacuum source so that both the first container and the object placed in the first container to be sterilized can be placed under a vacuum. This is particularly useful when using the explosive transfer process with either the breakable bag or breakable film or seal.
The first and second container can be separate containers or vessels which can be joined together by the means for interconnecting or can be formed as a single member or vessel which has a large portion that forms the first container and tapers into a second smaller diameter portion forming the second container. Thus, the vessel can have a bottle like shape with a bottle neck forming the second container which receives the reaction agent. If the containers are formed of two separate units, the means for interconnecting can include a releasable connection which allows assembly and disassembly of the two containers. In order to prevent the object being sterilized from entering the second container particularly if the two containers are interconnected with a rather large passageway, a screen or perforated element, which will prevent the object from entering this second container but enable both the draining of fluid and the passage of the hot vapor and gases, may be utilized.
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view with portions in elevation of a device in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view with portions removed for purposes of illustrations taken along the lines II--II of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view with portions in elevation for purposes of illustration of an embodiment of the device in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the interconnected containers in accordance with the present invention; and
FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a bag containing a reaction agent in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
The principles of the present invention are particularly useful in a device generally indicated at 30 in FIGS. 1 and 2. The device 30 has a housing 1 and a removable container or vessel 2 which is illustrated as a bottle shape container or vessel which has a first large portion 2a forming a first container for accepting one or more objects to be sterilized for example a dental handpiece 3. The container or vessel 2 at one end tapers down into a second container section 2b of a small diameter which portion forms a second container for receiving a liquid reaction agent 4. As illustrated in the drawings, the container or vessel 2 has a bottle neck like portion which is closed at one end and forms the second container.
To enable access to the first container which is in the portion 2a of the vessel 2, the end adjacent the enlarged portion 2a has a cap or top 5 which is removable. As illustrate, the cap 5 has a seal 6 and is threaded or screwed onto the end of the portion 2a forming the first container. A portion of the vessel 2, which extends between the small second container 2b and the larger first container portion 2a, acts as means to communicate the interior of the two containers together and receives a perforated insert or screen 7 which will allow passage of fluids, steam or vapor. However, the insert 7 will prevent objects, particularly smaller objects which are to be sterilized from entering the lower container section such as 2b.
In the device 30, a source of radiation, which is in the form of a rod-shaped infrared radiator 8, is provided in the housing 1, which housings also has an elliptical reflector 9. The elliptical reflector 9 has a first focal line 10 (FIG. 2) and a second focal line 11. As best illustrated in FIG. 2, the rod-shaped infrared radiator 8 which has a cylindrical shape is positioned with its axis on the a second focal line 11 while the second container portion formed by the small portion 2b is positioned at the first focal line 10. In order to support the vessel 2 with the small portion 2b on the focal line 10, means for positioning which includes a lid 31 of the housing having an aperture 32, are utilized. Thus, the small end 2b of the vessel 2 is inserted through the aperture 32 to be positioned on one of the focal lines of the elliptical mirror 9. By being positioned on the focal point or line 10, a very high beam concentration of the infrared radiation as indicated by the few lines in FIG. 2 are focused and projected onto the container 2b and will cause a fast evaporation or boiling of the reaction agent to produce the hot steam or gas used for sterilizing.
Expediently, the height of the reflector 9 is approximately the same as the length of the container section 2b in which the reaction agent is provided. The reflector 9 advantageously consists of thin wall of material with a low thermal capacity and can, as indicated in the FIG. 1, be provided with a reflective coating 12 for example formed by a gold layer or coating. Advantageously, the length of the rod shaped infrared radiator 8 is only slightly smaller than the overall height of the reflector 9 so that the greatest possible field can be generated.
Given an assumed volume of the first container or chamber formed by the portion 2a for the object to be sterilized of approximately 50 ml, and a volume of approximately 4 ml for the second container formed by the section 2b, a radiator power of approximately 50 watts will be sufficient. Thus, the infrared radiator can be directly operated at line voltage. In order to achieve a conversion of the energy which is as lost free as possible, at least the portion 2b for the second container, which receives the reaction agent 4, should consist of a material with a good infrared permeability for example glass. Advantageously, the radiation of the infrared radiator 8 is spectrally matched to the absorption band of the reaction agent employed so that as viewed over the entire radiation range, the absorption and radiation intensity curves are approximately of equal coverage. Various liquids or liquid mixtures which exhibit a high infrared absorption for example, water and alcohol can be employed as the reaction agent.
An embodiment of the device is generally indicated at 30' in FIG. 3. In this embodiment, a microwave generator with a magnatron 13 is provided instead of an infrared radiator as the source of radiation. The magnatron 13 emits microwave radiation via a discharge nozzle 14 into a housing 15 which serves as a cavity resonator. In the area of the highest power density which is empirically determined, the cavity resonator is provided with means for positioning the second container such as the section or portion 2b. This means for positioning is illustrated as being a bore 16 with a diameter of approximately 8 to 10 mm in an upper wall of the housing 15. Thus, the container or vessel 2 is supported in the housing 15 in an easily removable fashion. Under the influence of the microwave energy, the reaction agent 4 in the second container 2b will boil and is converted into a vapor or gas phase. The agent will condense on the inside wall of the vessel 2 and on the object to be sterilized and then finally drain back into the portion 2b.
The housing 15 can exhibit a plurality of openings 16 for the acceptance of a plurality of the containers 2 so that the plurality of containers can be simultaneously heated or charged. It should be noted, that each of the bores 16 can be provided with a seal arrangement which will close the bore when the vessels such as 2 is not inserted therein. The container 2 can be designed in such a manner that it serves as a storage container, and, it is also conceivable to secure it stationarily into the housing. Then the material or object, which is to be sterilized can be inserted into a gas permeable foil tube which after being sewn shut is then inserted into the fixed container.
If the first container has volume of 50 ml, the power of the magnatron can amount to approximately 500 watts. The circuit for the magnatron can be advantageously designed in such a manner that the power output will be reduced for example to a half power output after complete evaporation of the reaction agent has been obtained. The circuit can use either a photoelectrical sampling or a vapor pressure measurement to determine when all of agent has been vaporized.
Another advantageous embodiment of the vessel which accepts the object to be sterilized and also has a section for receiving the reaction fluid 4 is shown in FIG. 4 and is the vessel or unit 2'. The container or vessel 2' has sections 2a' and 2b' which are connected to one another via a screw type connections 17 which would be in the narrow tapered portion. A partition film 18 or seal is disposed between the two portions and held by the screw-type connection. The material of the partition film or seal is selected in such a manner that the film will burst given a specific vapor pressure. As a rule, this pressure will be selected to fall in a range of 1.5 to 5 bars. When the vapor pressure in the portion 2b' reaches this specific value, the seal or film 18 will break and allow an explosive spread of the vapor or gas into the first container section 2a', which contains the instrument 3 for sterilization. A significant advantage of this solution is that the extremely short but very powerful charging with a very high kinetic energy is given by means of which as tests have shown a particularly good germ killing effect. Instead of filling the reaction fluid 4 into a container section such as 2b', the reaction agent can be packaged in a bag 19 (FIG. 5) which contains a uniform portion. The bag 19 will consist of a transparent plastic and has a volume in a range of 2 through 10 cm3 and approximately 60% of the volume of the bag is filled with the fluid 4. Expediently the bag is sealed shut. When the bag is inserted into a lower section such as 2b' before the two sections 2a' and 2b' are screwed together, then upon heating either with a microwave source or by infrared radiation, the fluid in the bag will be transformed into a gas of a pressure reaching a specific mount falling in the range of 1.5 to 5 bars prior to the bag bursting open. Again as in the case with the breakable seal 18, an explosive spread of the heated gases and vapors with a very high kinetic energy is obtained. Thus the seal 18 and the bag 19 form means for explosively transferring the hot gases from the second container to the first container.
Sterilization is particularly effective if after placing the objects such as the dental handpiece 3 in the first container such as formed by the portion 2a', the first container is evacuated to a range of 1 to 200 Torr. This can occur if the upper portion 2a' forming the first container is provided with a modified lid 5' which has a connection 20 for a line 21 that extends to a vacuum system. The connection 20 is also provided with a check valve arrangement such as the ball 22 which will maintain the vacuum in the container space after removal of the line 21 from the connection 20. A satisfactory source or vacuum system for evacuating the upper chamber or portion 2a is by means of a water jet or air jet vacuum pump. By placing the upper container in a vacuum, gases that may be entrapped in various seams and prevent penetration of the heated vapor or gas will be removed. When utilizing the above described explosion transfer of the vapor or gas at a specific vapor pressure, the presence of the vacuum in the upper container portion 2a' will greatly intensify the sterilization effect. This is particularly true because the explosive spreading of the vapor is drawn into practically any small space due to the previously existing vacuum.
Because of the space saving construction, the device 30 or 30' can be employed anywhere in a medical practice. For example, it can be used in bacteriological, hygenic or chemical laboratories. In particular, an advantageous application is in the dental practice to enable sterilizing dental handpieces without subjecting the dental handpiece or the instruments to direct bombardment by the radiant energy such as microwaves.
Although various minor modifications may be suggested by those versed in the art, it should be understood that I wish to embody within the scope of the patent granted hereon, all such modifications as reasonably and properly come within the scope of my contribution to the art.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|May 25, 1970
|Jul 11, 1972
|Gray Ind Inc
|Microwave treating apparatus and method
|Aug 27, 1970
|Aug 21, 1973
|Wave Energy Systems
|Method and apparatus for surface sterilization
|Aug 6, 1980
|Dec 7, 1982
|Williams Robert M
|Apparatus for cold disinfection of dental and medical instruments
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Dec 9, 1985
|Jun 21, 1988
|Bowen Ltd.
|Method for sterilizing a dental handpiece
|Apr 21, 1988
|May 28, 1991
|Flexiclave, Inc.
|Method for sterilizing articles such as dental handpieces
|Apr 12, 1988
|Mar 24, 1992
|Helmut Katschnig
|Device for heating of articles and organisms
|Sep 18, 1990
|Jun 9, 1992
|Senichi Masuda
|Apparatus for sterilizing objects to be sterilized
|Apr 20, 1990
|Nov 17, 1992
|Bausch & Lomb Incorporated
|Apparatus for disinfecting contact lenses using microwave energy
|May 10, 1991
|Jul 6, 1993
|Stericycle, Inc.
|Device for disinfecting medical materials
|Feb 14, 1992
|Sep 28, 1993
|Flexiclave, Inc.
|Process and apparatus for heat disinfecting soft contact lenses
|Jan 14, 1994
|May 23, 1995
|E/H Technologies, Inc.
|Microwave powered steam pressure generator
|Jan 5, 1994
|Jun 6, 1995
|Shalaby; Shalaby W.
|Radiochemical sterilization
|Mar 23, 1995
|Dec 19, 1995
|Iit Research Institute
|Method and apparatus for rendering medical materials safe
|Apr 4, 1994
|Apr 9, 1996
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Medical instrument shielded container for microwave sterilization
|Jan 6, 1994
|Apr 16, 1996
|Stericycle, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for processing medical waste
|Jun 7, 1995
|May 7, 1996
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Medical instrument shielded container for microwave sterilization
|Apr 11, 1994
|May 28, 1996
|Bowen; John G.
|Sterilization unit for dental handpieces and other instruments
|Apr 21, 1995
|Jun 4, 1996
|Stericycle, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for rendering medical materials safe
|Aug 12, 1994
|Aug 6, 1996
|Iit Research Institute
|Method and apparatus for rendering medical materials safe
|Jul 13, 1994
|Aug 6, 1996
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Cassette for treating medical instruments
|Jul 15, 1994
|Sep 3, 1996
|Jennings; Stanley C.
|Jul 13, 1994
|Nov 5, 1996
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Apparatus for the hygienic preparation of medical instruments
|Jun 12, 1996
|May 13, 1997
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Medical instrument shield and pouch for microwave sterilization
|Jun 6, 1995
|Jun 24, 1997
|Stericycle, Inc.
|Radio frequency heating apparatus for rendering medical materials
|Jun 25, 1992
|Jan 20, 1998
|Stericycle, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for processing medical waste
|Jun 19, 1996
|Mar 3, 1998
|Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
|Method for the hygienic preparation of medical instruments
|Mar 25, 1996
|Jun 2, 1998
|Eser; Hermann
|Method and apparatus for disinfecting or sterilizing infectious waste
|Jun 7, 1995
|Nov 3, 1998
|Stericycle, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for processing medical waste
|Jun 7, 1995
|Nov 10, 1998
|Stericycle, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for processing medical waste
|Mar 25, 1992
|Feb 16, 1999
|Flexiclave, Inc.
|Methods and apparatus for sterilizing objects
|Nov 25, 1997
|Jul 6, 1999
|Auner; J. David
|Sterilization process for thermoplastic appliances
|Apr 16, 1996
|Dec 28, 1999
|Medical Discoveries, Inc.
|System for elctrolyzing fluids for use as antimicrobial agents
|Apr 17, 1997
|Sep 12, 2000
|Medical Discoveries, Inc.
|System for carrying out sterilization of equipment
|Nov 6, 1997
|Sep 19, 2000
|Industrial Microwave Systems, Inc.
|Method and apparatus for rapid heating of fluids
|Jan 27, 1999
|Jun 19, 2001
|Stericycle, Inc.
|Apparatus and method for the disinfection of medical waste in a continuous manner
|May 16, 2000
|Feb 5, 2002
|Stericycle, Inc.
|Method for the disinfection of medical waste in a continuous manner
|May 19, 2000
|May 20, 2003
|Jose D. Herrera
|Toothbrush sanitizer
|Feb 8, 2002
|Nov 11, 2003
|Ecofriend Technologies, Inc.
|Microwave-assisted steam sterilization of dental and surgical instruments
|May 18, 2004
|Nov 24, 2005
|Steris Inc.
|Method and apparatus for vaporizing a sterilant fluid using microwave energy
|Jul 22, 2005
|Jan 26, 2006
|Monico Gustavo J
|Method and apparatus for vapor, gas or gas-liquid treatment of surfaces and articles
|Jan 3, 1995
|Aug 2, 1995
|Shalaby W. Shalaby
|Radiochemical sterilization
|Apr 4, 1995
|Oct 11, 1995
|John G. Bowen
|Sterilization unit for dental handpieces and other instruments
|Mar 29, 1995
|Oct 11, 1995
|Eastman Kodak Company
|Improved medical instrument shield and pouch for microwave sterilization
|Mar 29, 1995
|Aug 7, 1996
|Eastman Kodak Co
|Improved medical instrument shield and pouch for microwave sterilization.
|Nov 22, 1989
|May 31, 1990
|Hbd Sterilization Associates, Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for rapid sterilization of material
|Aug 4, 1998
|Aug 26, 1999
|Valery Matveevich Vantsov
|Radiating member and variants
|Jun 14, 2001
|Mar 14, 2002
|Microlizer Ltd.
|Sterilization apparatus
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Aug 19, 1981
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, BERLIN AND MUNICH A G
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:HOHMANN, EUGEN;REEL/FRAME:003911/0706
Effective date: 19810608
Owner name: SIEMENS AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT, A GERMAN CORP., GERMA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:HOHMANN, EUGEN;REEL/FRAME:003911/0706
Effective date: 19810608
|Mar 25, 1987
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Aug 23, 1987
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Nov 10, 1987
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19870823


text:
Nourish wrote: Screw fix sell a weld through Zinc Galvaniseing Spray for £4.49 if you didn't know!
Nourish wrote:Holes - I'm spending most of my time trying to fill in the holes I've burnt attempting to butt weld my floor pan.
The lowest setting on my SIP welder is just spitting and difficult to start - the next setting up with the wire feed wound down and I'm burning holes. I'm using 0.8mm wire - would using 0.6mm be easier to control?
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text:
on table legs:
your core assumptions about the nature of 'fun' - i.e., as quantifiable information influx - follow a particularly post-Enlightenment Western-scientific model.
Consider the pursuit of perfection as an alternate model.
We can assume that the achievement of perfection is impossible (as is implicit in many philosophical systems that treat perfection as a goal - zen, Aquinas, etc etc). It's possible then to find a vocation - any vocation - and pursue it infinitely while still being challenged by the imperfections of the physical world.
One might argue that eventually you would craft a 'perfect' table leg. I suspect that this 'perfection' would be the result of low standards on the part of judger (inability to perceive microscopic flaws in the interior grains of the wood, etc), but let's say that it is possible to do so. Then of course the quest is to create a perfect form of craftsmanship, in which every table leg is totally perfect.
Even assuming always-perfect wood, your craftsmanship can be perfect only until proven otherwise, so one would need to continue in perfect craftsmanship to approach certainty of perfect craftsmanship. Since perfection doesn't have the ability reach p=1, you would need to create perfect table legs infinitely to constantly fail to disprove your perfect craftsmanship hypothesis.
Perfection is time-based in that it only exists in the present (zen again), not with statistical certainty. The 'fun space' is already infinite in the crafting of table legs -- it just depends on your definition of 'fun.'


text:
Advanced Diploma of International Business
Sorry, this program is not available for local students.
Please contact Info Corner to discuss other study options.
Sorry, this program is not available for international students intending to study on a student visa.
If you hold a different visa type, you may be eligible. Please contact us for more information.
Successful completion of the RMIT Diploma of International Business (or equivalent).
Selection tasks
You must have successfully completed the Diploma of International Business at RMIT University or an equivalent program at another institution.
Selection tasks
English language requirements
To study this program you will need to complete one of the following English proficiency tests:
- IELTS (Academic): IELTS (Academic): minimum overall band of 5.5 (with no individual band below 5.0)
- TOEFL (Paper based): TOEFL (Paper based): minimum score of 530 (TWE 3.5)
- TOEFL (Internet Based Test - IBT): TOEFL (Internet Based Test - IBT): minimum overall score of 71 with minimum of 17 in any sections
- Pearson Test of English (Academic) (PTE (A)): minimum score of 42 (with no communication band less than 36)
- Cambridge English: Advanced (CAE): minimum of 162 with no less than 154 in any component.
For detailed information on English language requirements and other proficiency tests recognised by RMIT, visit English language requirements and equivalency information.
Don't meet the English language test scores? Complete an Upper Intermediate Certificate at RMIT English Worldwide.


text:
The one thing we desire most is for you to be fulfilled, on the inside and out. You, the Independent Business Owner (IBO), are the foundation of PURE – always leading from the heart, fostering relationships and creating communities. We take pride great pride in celebrating your achievements and commitment to excellence. With every step forward, rewards abound.
Loyalty Rewards
Members enjoy 25% off retail prices for all purchases and IBOs enjoy a 25% wholesale discount. The PAR (PURE Autoship Rewards) Program is unlike anything else. Not only does it provide you with the convenience of a regular shipment of your favorite products and keep your account active, regular participation rewards you with PAR Points that can be redeemed for FREE product and access to exclusive offers every month when you have had three consecutive months of autoships.
First 90 Day Bonus
With beginnings come rewards. Begin earning rewards right away with the PURE Start Program. As you share the products and income opportunity and grow personally within your first 90 days, we will match your efforts with fabulous rewards.
PURE Rank Bonus
With advancement comes rewards. Advance to a higher rank for the first time and earn big bonuses for your effort. Awards range from $1,000 USD all the way to an amazing $250,000 USD! Fulfill your dreams as you travel the road to success.
Lifestyle Bonus
With living comes rewards. Achieve specific ranks for two weeks or more in one month and we'll send you a monthly bonus. Use it in a way that fulfills your wish lists and enhances your lifestyle.
VIP Status
When you accumulate 1500 Product Volume in your first 90 days, you can enjoy the benefits of being a VIP! This includes free product, preferential seating at events, VIP treatment on incentive trips achieved, and a direct support line into Success Team.
Incentive Trips
With hard work comes rewards. As your business grows and you continue to share our products and message, you'll have the opportunity to visit exotic locations with fellow Independent Business Owners.
You are the foundation of PURE. We take great pride in celebrating you with custom-made pins you can wear with pride, with VIP treatment at events and during trips, and by sharing your stories with our family.


text:
Delhi, India (PressExposure) November 10, 2009 -- Much has been said and written about the Palace on Wheels, a luxury train that takes guests on a heritage tour across selected destinations of Rajasthan. The destinations that are visited, the facilities available aboard and even the itinerary as well, information on everything connected to the train has possibly been written about many times. Is there anything that we still need to know about it and that has not been written about so far? May be, maybe not. However, we still strive to offer you something new, something interesting. Through this article, let us just delve deep into history... the history that will tell us how the concept of developing a luxury train in India was born...;
Palace on Wheels takes pride in itself as being the first ever luxury train in India. Although train services have been plying within the various Indian destinations for over one century, the concept of a luxury train never actually materialized before the Palace on Wheels started its operations in 1982. A brainchild of Indian Railways, the train was launched to promote tourism in Rajasthan.
The inspiration for designing a train journey fit enough for a king was derived from India itself! Yes, the royalty that was so much an integral part of ancient India; inspired the makers of this luxury India train. No wonder the train is a clear depiction of that royalty. Each of the 14 coaches of the train has been named after the erstwhile Rajput states, giving an all the more authentic feel to the journey. Kishangarh, Jaipur, Alwar, Bikaner, Sirohi, Dholpur, Dungarpur and Kota are a few of them to name in the order.
The train first started its operations on January 26, 1982. The date has national significance as the republic day of India is celebrated on this day. When it started off, services of this train were restricted only for foreign nationals. However over the time, these regulations were relaxed and Indian nationals looking for a luxury vacation option also began to be entertained here. The destinations that the Palace on Wheels travels through include Jaipur, Jodhpur, Jaisalmer, Sawai Madhopur, Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Bharatpur, and Agra, besides Delhi being the first and the last stop. The journey aboard the Palace on Wheels is an 8-day journey.
This luxury train guarantees a never before experience to its guests with 2 restaurants, a bar, a gift shop, and a relaxing lounge serving the guests round the clock. A beauty salon and laundry services aboard the train contribute towards making the journey all the more comfortable and pleasurable. To top it all, a 'khidmatgar' literally translating to an assistant, happily serves the guests and also offers valuable information about the destinations and the train. What else? The train also has mailbox facilities instituted within the train for all guests traveling! New additions to the original services set up for the train has increased the pleasures of traveling for the guests by manifolds.
The Palace on Wheels still continues to rule the roost when it comes to attracting guests looking for a luxury vacation option, here in India.


text:
For more than a quarter-century, GWAR has tirelessly toured its notoriously over-the-top horror-schlock stage show and shock-humor metal. They've amassed 13 studio recordings, two live albums, more than 20 videos and two Grammy nominations. So, calling GWAR a veteran band seems a major understatement.
But this tour—or this half of it, anyway—is different. On Nov. 3, barely three weeks ago, GWAR's 34-year-old lead guitarist, Cory Smoot, aka Flattus Maximus, died of unknown causes en route from a gig in Minneapolis to another in Canada. It wasn't long before the grieving band returned to the road, its de facto home for many years. Shows since Smoot's death have reportedly been heartfelt tributes to the guitarist. Frontman Oderus Urungus (Dave Brockie) leads chants of Smoot's name, his image cast and his solos played on film on a screen. The show goes on in tribute to support Smoot's wife and unborn child by raising awareness of the newly created Smoot Family Foundation. Every Time I Die and Warbeast open at 8:30 p.m. —Bryan C. Reed


text:
I Am Perfect In All My Imperfections
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 19 People
Today, while i was walking around the mall,a salesman from a skincare store approach me and told me that i have a very bad skin because they're oily and my pores are too big. Worst of all he criticized my acne scars. He just made me feel bad and insecure because every word that comes out of his mouth are criticism about...
Doveangel 26-30, F 1 Response 1 Oct 12, 2014


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Twin Oaks Estates is a private gated community located in the Blue Ridge Mountains with million dollar views. Located close to New River Golf Course, Shopping, Hiking, Fishing, Medical care and schools. Twin Oaks Esttes comes with the tranquility, peacefullness and friendly small town atmosphere of Sparta. This could be your Heaven on Earth.


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Dehydration behavior of hydroxy-interlayered vermiculite (HIV) from three coastal plain soils was studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermal analysis. Relative humidity (RH) at 25 °C had little effect on HIV 001 XRD peaks, except for a 0.01 to 0.05° 2θ shift at RH ≈ 0%. Heating to 50 °C shifted peak positions 0.10 to 0.20° 2θ for fine silts and 0.05 to 0.10° 2θ for coarse clays. Effects of 50 °C treatment were largely reversed by re-wetting, indicating that H2O re-entered interlayers. Heating to 115 °C broadened peaks and produced shifts of up 0.40° 2θ. Dehydration at ≥ 115 °C was essentially irreversible, as indicated by lack of 001 expansion and failure to regain full sample weight at 100% RH. Peaks were markedly broadened and attenuated by heating to 165 and 225 °C, with full width at half maxima approaching 1.0° 2θ. No significant peak in the 1.0-nm region developed from interlayer collapse, even at 550 °C. Reversible dehydration may be attributable to free-H2O loss from interpolymer zones at temperatures below the onset of significant polymer dehydration. The data suggest that attraction between dehydrated polymers and 2:1-layer surfaces exceeds hydration forces, resulting in irreversible collapse and variable interlayer thickness. Re-entry of H2O into interlayers could be sterically impeded by the dehydrated polymers themselves or by their binding effect on layers. The 1.4-nm mineral in the soils studied exhibits thermal properties more consistent with HIV than an alternative vermiculite-kaolin intergradient structure.
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It's not a regular occurrence that you realize that you have to buy a replacement Timing Belt Tensioner for your automobile. Make no mistake, you bought your NSX because you wanted to buy long-lasting quality and dependability both rolled up into one automobile. While it may not be difficult to find replacement parts for Acura vehicles, these days the necessity for nothing but the highest quality are required to maintain your car or truck. You purchased your NSX because its a reputation for safety and unique styling agreed with your nature; so why would you be okay with second rate when it comes to great quality auto parts?
Maintaining the life of the engine and all parts of your Acura NSX means you need precise engine timing. The timing belt tensioner keeps the timing belt firmly attached to the crank and cam pulleys so that it won't fly off suddenly or skip any teeth. Your Acura NSX timing belt tensioner appears similar to other belt idlers and tensioners on your engine, attached to the engine block under the timing cover, and it includes some mechanism (sprung or hydraulic) that pushes against the belt slightly as it rotates in order to keep it tight.
Given all the trouble that can be involved with installing a part to fix your car or truck, let www.carpartsdiscount.com be the first place you go to make purchasing it easy. Ordering new Acura parts from www.carpartsdiscount.com means you are paying the lowest prices for the most superior original and aftermarket replacement NSX parts on the internet. Get your NSX back on the road with the highest quality replacement parts from the experts at Car Parts Discount. If your car or truck was built in 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2001, 2000, then you will find the correct Acura NSX Timing Belt Tensioner parts right here.


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Pointe du Raz France Travel BlogsBrowse 1 travel blogs from Pointe du Raz, France. Read Pointe du Raz travel blogs, travel journals, and travelogues from fellow travelers.
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The Pointe du Raz, known as the most western French promontory into the Atlantic Ocean, is named after the dangerous and fast…
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This blog was featured on Wednesday August 11th, 2010


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August 18, 2006
Five main components made up the majority of the $2.8 trillion federal budget in 2006, and each has been rising steadily since 1990, says Chris Edwards, Director of Tax Policy Studies at the Cato Institute.
Currently, of those five categories:
- Transfer payments, such as Social Security benefits, are the largest spending activity at $1.26 trillion, or 45 percent of the budget.
- Purchases of goods and services are 17 percent of the budget.
- Aid to the states represents 15 percent.
- Compensation costs for federal workers are 13 percent.
- Interest paid on the debt equals 10 percent.
Much of the budget deficits have been the result of rising spending during this decade, with increases seen across the board:
- Transfer payments have grown at an annual average rate of 7.1 percent since 2000.
- Nondefense purchases - everything from paper clips to computers and consulting services - have grown 8.4 percent this decade.
- Compensation for nondefense federal workers has grown 5.9 percent the past six years.
With these deficits, and looming cost increases, a number of measures need to be taken to ensure fiscal accountability, says Edwards, including:
- Cutting all types of transfers including Social Security benefits, health care spending and business subsidies.
- Decreasing purchasing costs through better management of budgets and inventories, privatizing activities such as energy research, cutting low-priority weapons programs and making procurement data more accessible for public scrutiny.
- Reducing state bureaucracies that impose heavy regulations and waste federal money on what should be autonomous local activities.
- Bringing compensation costs under control through a federal wage freeze and benefits scale back, allowing public sector pay to fall in line with the private sector.
Source: Chris Edwards, "How to Spend $2.8 Trillion," Cato Institute, Tax and Budget Bulletin, August 2006
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The 2018 Burbot Bash will be January 26, 27, 28, 2018 – Lake Flaming Gorge
Hosted by the Flaming Gorge Chamber of Commerce
An updated registration form will be provided shorty.
Registering early is important! The sooner we identify the number of teams the more prizes we can purchase for our closing ceremonies. To encourage this the first 150 teams to enter will be placed in a drawing for a $500 Flaming Gorge Getaway Package.
Have questions about the event? Check out the FAQs on the bottom of this page.
2017-entry-form: Please download, complete, and send back via fax, email or regular mail.
Complete the online entry below:
What is a Burbot?
The burbot is a freshwater cod-like fish that has a serpentine-like body, and is like a cross between an eel and a catfish, but with only a single barbel on the chin. Many fisherman have claimed burbot wrap themselves around their arms as they try to disengage the hook. The burbot's body is elongated, while the head is flattened, with a wide mouth consisting of many small teeth on both the upper and lower jaws. The burbot is often called a ling cod, but is actually only a close relative.
Besides having voracious appetites, burbot are nocturnal feeders, which is a cause for concern in the Flaming Gorge where most other fish are day time feeders. They love the eggs of other fish and have been known to feed on the spawning grounds of other species. Female burbot egg releases range from 60,000 to 3.4 million eggs for each batch.The known predators of the burbot: northern pike, muskellunge, and some lamprey species are not found in the Flaming Gorge, which is another reason why the Burbot Bash is needed to help keep their numbers under control.
Much of this information was derived from Wikipedia, for more detailed information follow the Wikipedia link or visit the About Page.
How can I win prizes during the Burbot Bash?
There are several methods of winning prizes during the Burbot Bash. The main thing is you have to register to win.
BURBOT BASH – January 20-22, 2017
All cash and prizes WILL BE based on 300 participants. Prize payouts and places will be adjusted with increased participation.
Burbot size is determined by length with weight being a tie-breaker
Most Burbot ~ 3 places $ 1500, $1000, $750
Biggest Burbot ~ 3 places $1000, $750, $500
Biggest Burbot ~ 3 places $100, $75, $50
Smallest Burbot ~ 3 places $100, $75, $50
- Burbot Bounty: All tagged fish (including internal PIT tags and Floy tags) will be entered into the Burbot Bounty. This is a sponsorship category and all funds in this category will be split equally between all participants who catch a tagged fish. For example, if the Bounty has $1000.00 and 10 tagged Burbot are caught, the payout is $100.00 per tagged Burbot.
- Tagged Burbot: Teams that catch tagged Burbot will have a chance to win $10,000, $2,500 or $1,000 cash. Fifty Burbot will have tags with unique numbers. Wyoming Game & Fish (WGFD) and Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (UDWR) will send those numbers directly to the insurance agency. The insurance company will randomly select three of those tags and assign a dollar value to the tags. If an entrant catches one of the three insured tags they will be eligible for a cash prize. All recaptured Burbot with 2017 Burbot Bash PIT tags will be retained by a tournament official in a bag with team information until the awards ceremony on Sunday, January 22nd. At that time the representative from Tegeler Insurance will determine if the PIT tagged Burbot is one of the three pre-drawn PIT insured tags. Results for the insured tags will be revealed during the closing ceremony. Entrants who catch a tagged fish must be present or designate a team member to represent them to be eligible for the Tagged Burbot prize. Teams should also enter all Burbot, large or small, could be a winner.
Do fish caught during the tagged fish portion of the tournament count towards the Biggest, Most and Smallest prizes during the event?
If I want my youth to qualify for higher prize monies, what can I do?
It's easy. Just enter them under the adult fee rate.
Can I have 4 youths on one team?
No. Each team must have an adult (18+) as its captain.
How many persons are needed to make a team?
At least 2 and up to 4 persons.
Do I have to pre-register?
No, but registering at the event will cost you another $20 per team. We encourage everyone to pre-register, as it allows us to purchase more prizes for the event. AND, if you are one of the first 150 teams to enter, you will qualify for a $500 Flaming Gorge getaway package drawing!


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Just when you thought the sordid tale of Tiger Woods' trainwreck affair-a-thon was coming to a halt, new (and somewhat surprising) reports about the golfers' bi-sexuality have started to surface.
In the spirit of tabloid mongering and irresponsible journalism, RadarOnline.com (the same folks who currently have the headline "American Idol Contestant Tasered After Swallowing Crack" on their front page today) has published a story with one of Woods' mistresses claiming hat he entered into several "gay encounters."
Loredana Jolie Ferriolo, who I'm sure is some sort of brain scientist or rocket doctor, has been shopping a tell-all book about her affair with Woods, which included bisexual acts from the world's most entertaining adulterer.
Sounds like a desperate plea for money, but who knows?
Source: Ross Kinnaird/Getty Images Sport/Getty Images
© 2017 Spike Cable Networks. All Rights Reserved.


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New 2017 Buick Enclave Premium AWD
Lynch Price $42,432
2017 Chocolate Buick Enclave Premium Group AWD 3.6L V6 SIDI VVT 6-Speed Automatic
4500lbs Trailering Package (Heavy-Duty Cooling System and Trailer Hitch), Experience Buick Package (Power Tilt-Sliding Moonroof and Wheels: 20" Bright-Machined Aluminum), Preferred Equipment Group 1SN (Articulating Headlights, Bose Performance-Enhanced 10-Speaker System, Bose Sound System, Forward Collision Alert & Lane Departure Warning, Heated & Cooled Driver & Front Passenger Seats, Power Tilt & Telescopic Steering Column, Power-Folding Heated Body-Color Outside Mirrors, Premium Package, and Rear Audio System Controls), 10 Speakers, 3.16 Axle Ratio, 3rd row seats: split-bench, 4-Wheel Disc Brakes, 7-Passenger Seating, ABS brakes, Air Conditioning, AM/FM radio: SiriusXM, Auto tilt-away steering wheel, Auto-dimming door mirrors, Auto-dimming Rear-View mirror, Automatic temperature control, Blind Spot Sensor, Brake assist, Bumpers: body-color, CD player, Compass, Delay-off headlights, Driver door bin, Driver vanity mirror, Dual front impact airbags, Dual front side impact airbags, Electronic Stability Control, Emergency communication system, Exterior Parking Camera Rear, Four wheel independent suspension, Front anti-roll bar, Front Bucket Seats, Front Center Armrest w/Storage, Front dual zone A/C, Front License Plate Mounting Bracket, Front reading lights, Fully automatic headlights, Garage door transmitter, Heated door mirrors, Heated front seats, Heated steering wheel, High intensity discharge headlights: Bi-Xenon, Illuminated entry, Leather steering wheel, Low tire pressure warning, Memory seat, MP3 decoder, Navigation System, NavTraffic, Occupant sensing airbag, Outside temperature display, Overhead airbag, Panic alarm, Passenger door bin, Passenger vanity mirror, Perforated Leather-Appointed Seat Trim, Power door mirrors, Power driver seat, Power passenger seat, Power steering, Power windows, Radio data system, Radio: Color Touch AM/FM/CD/Nav w/IntelliLink, Rear air conditioning, Rear anti-roll bar, Rear audio controls, Rear Parking Sensors, Rear reading lights, Rear window defroster, Rear window wiper, Remote keyless entry, Roof rack: rails only, Security system, Speed control, Speed-sensing steering, Spoiler, Steering wheel memory, Steering wheel mounted audio controls, Tachometer, Telescoping steering wheel, Tilt steering wheel, Traction control, Trip computer, Turn signal indicator mirrors, Variably intermittent wipers, Ventilated front seats, Voltmeter, and Wheels: 19" Chrome-Clad Cast Aluminum.
At GM Super Store of Burlington we believe in "MARKET VALUE PRICING" all vehicles in our inventory. We use real-time Internet price comparisons to constantly adjust prices to provide ALL BUYERS The BEST PRICE possible. We do not mark them up, to mark them down! We utilize state-of-the-art technology to constantly monitor pricing trends in order to offer our shoppers the best competitive pricing and value. Our entire team is committed to helping you buy a car the way we would want to buy a car! We sell and service all makes and models of Pre-owned / Used Vehicles Used Cars, Used Trucks, Used Sport Utility, 10K under used cars, Ford, Chevrolet/Chevy, Honda, Toyota, Porsche, Land Rover, Jaguar, INFINITI, Audi, Nissan, Mazda, Hyundai, Chrysler, Jeep, Dodge, Ram, SRT, Mitsubishi, Lexus, Kia, Volkswagen, Mini, BMW, Mercedes, Fiat, Volvo, GMC, Cadillac, Lincoln as well as other brands. Proudly serving these areas of Wisconsin & Illinois & surrounding communities, Lake County, Kenosha County, Burlington, Pleasant Prairie, Racine, Oak Creek, Milwaukee, Mount Pleasant, Sturtevant, Bristol, Kenosha, Waukegan, Antioch, Gurnee, Hales Corners, Grayslake, Libertyville, Zion, Winthrop Harbor, Salem, Paddock Lake, Somers, Wadsworth, Lake Villa, Caledonia, Union Grove, and even Brighton. New vehicle pricing may include minimum Trade Allowance, Lease Loyalty and/or Conquest Incentives. NEED MORE INFORMATION? TEXT THIS STOCK NUMBER T
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Our sales person was great, Good job an dwell done Matt. Over all the car is great however, I am disappointed that the tonneau cover and mesh cargo ne...
Everyone was courteous and helpful. Adam listened as I explained what I wanted and expected.


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Heavyweight champion Wladimir Klitschko, known as a gentleman outside of the ring, denied on Wednesday British media reports that he brawled with fringe contender Dereck Chisora last week at a nightclub on the Spanish island of Ibiza.
"I'm quite shocked by the recent British media stories about an alleged brawl between myself and Dereck Chisora," Klitschko said in a statement. "I am a professional prize fighter and let my fists do the talking only inside the ring. I don't want to comment on Chisora's psychological issues."
According to British media reports, Klitschko and Chisora supposedly were both on vacation on Ibiza when they bumped into each other at the nightclub.
Chisora has had issues behaving himself, and he has a history with the Klitschko family.
In the ring in February 2012, moments before challenging heavyweight titlist Vitali Klitschko, Wladimir's older brother, he spit water in Wladimir's face. Impressively, Wladimir contained himself, and Vitali then won a lopsided decision against Chisora.
Additionally, at the weigh-in before the fight, Chisora slapped Vitali across the face. At the news conference after the fight, Chisora instigated the now-infamous brawl with former titlist David Haye.
This year, on July 20, after scoring a controversial sixth-round knockout of Malik Scott, Chisora said afterward he wanted a fight with one of the Klitschko brothers.
Wladimir Klitschko is scheduled to defend his belts against Alexander Povetkin on Oct. 5 in Moscow. Vitali Klitschko is negotiating terms for his mandatory defense against Bermane Stiverne. Chisora, the mandatory challenger for the European title, is due to fight Sept. 21 in London against an opponent to be determined.


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The Heath Woodpecker Double Suet Feeder 7 in. (SFW2) is a classic take on birdhouse feeders. This product can be seen hanging on a branch or mounted on a post (post sold separately). This feeder gives a natural feeding environment for your favorite birds. It should hang approximately 6 feet off the ground. It's designed for woodpeckers. Use with premium Heath blend suet. Has easy to fill and easy to clean feature. This double basket feeder allows the woodpeckers to feed from both sides.
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|Heath (Mfg. Number: SFW2)
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August 2, 2005
In the past decade, the rate of back surgery among Medicare patients has increased by more than half, driven by factors including new technology to fuse damaged vertebrae, more advanced imaging to diagnose injury, generous federal reimbursements and greater demand, according to the Washington Post.
Yet even as the numbers swell, there is no clear-cut science for treating back pain. Some doctors favor surgery, while others recommend exercise, rehabilitation and other conservative approaches.
The result is a jigsaw pattern of medical care in which the patient's chance of having surgery often is decided by where he or she happens to live, says the Post:
- In Fort Myers, Fla., Medicare patients are twice as likely to have back surgery as those in Miami.
- Had Fort Myers's surgeons operated at the more conservative Miami rate, there would have been 4,800 fewer back surgeries from 1992 to 2001 and Medicare would have saved millions of dollars, according to James N. Weinstein (Dartmouth Medical School.)
- Medicare patients in Fort Myers underwent spine surgery at a rate of 6.9 per 1,000 in 2001 -- the latest year for which figures were available; in Miami, the rate was 3.2; nationally, it was 4.5.
Back surgery is a growing cost to Medicare. In 2003, the government paid about $1.6 billion to hospitals for more than 167,353 spine procedures, not including doctors' fees. The average charge per surgery was $40,000.
Dartmouth College researchers estimate that as much as one in three dollars spent by Medicare goes to unnecessary care. In that sense, variations in back surgery in South Florida provide a glimpse of Medicare's inefficiencies.
Weinstein points to what is called the "surgical signature" of doctors -- idiosyncratic patterns in the likelihood of a doctor choosing to operate. The greater the scientific uncertainty in treatment options, he says, the more variations appear.
Source: Gilbert M. Gaul, "When Geography Influences Treatment Options: Physicians in Some Regions Are More Likely to Advise Surgery Over Less-Invasive Alternatives," Washington Post, July 24, 2005.
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St. Louis, MO (PressExposure) September 05, 2008 -- Medical Recruiters Inc. is pleased to announce the launch of its new website design featuring an online database for medical professionals to submit themselves for consideration. The site will prove a valuable resource for medical professionals who will be able to post and submit resumes for upcoming jobs in the market. The professional database will allow Medical Recruiters Inc. to find and qualify top medical professionals on a local, national and international level
For those not familiar with Medical Recruiters, potential clients will be able to review testimonials of Medical Recruiters success at locating high quality and competent professional sales candidates. Since 1994, Medical Recruiters Incorporated has consistently delivered the best in the Medical Search Industry. Medical Recruiters Incorporated is proud to partner with First Interview Network, putting Medical Recruiters candidates online directly with one of the nation's largest recruiting search engines.
Founded in 1994 by Heidi Oberman and Denise Wottowa, the company currently recruits in the areas of pharmaceutical, surgical instrument, capital equipment, disposable, device, biotech, clinical consulting, along with business and consumer sales.


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|1,097 sq. ft.
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|7 nights
This two-storey holiday home is located in idyllic surroundings in the bay of Prigradica. The storeys are connected by internal stairs. On the ground foor of the house, there is the living part, while in the attic there are the bedrooms. The lowest ceiling height in the attic is 180cm. From the ground floor, there is an exit onto covered terrace with panoramic view on the beautiful island of Hvar and the blue sea. Stairs by the house lead to the cemented plateau, where guests can sunbathe. The last 50 m of access to the house is steep. At NOVASOL we offer over 40,000 hand-picked holiday homes, across 29 European countries. Our huge selection of self-catering accommodation includes beautiful holiday homes near the sea, cottages in stunning country surroundings, villas with private pools and apartments in some of Europe's most interesting and beautiful cities. We aim to simply provide: Quality self-catering holiday properties all handpicked and inspected by our employees, with complete reliability meaning you can trust that we will provide you with the best accommodation for you holiday.
*Plus compulsory or optional charges based on actual occupancy or consumption. The payment has to be made in the currency offered by the property manager, before use of conversion tool. Payments in other currencies have to be negotiated beforehand with the property manager. The currency conversion tool is provided for your convenience only and is non-binding.


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Twig & Toadstool had an awesome post for making these! We added baby pine cones (a symbol for fertility) to honor the Spring Maiden and of course sprinkled pink glitter for the final touch. The little ones are so excited for tomorrow morning. I hope Jack Frost does his magic., he certainly did wonders last night.
Perhaps seeing a bit more of the sky IS better.


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Have a pet safe Christmas
Top tips to help ensure your pets have a great Christmas
Christmas is great! There are presents, fantastic food and we get to spend time with family and friends. But, did you know that Christmas can be hazardous and stressful for your pets?
Festive food
Festive food is delicious to us but to our pets many of it is highly toxic and dangerous. Chocolate, mince pies, Christmas pudding, onion gravy and alcohol are all poisonous for our pets and the bones from carcasses are a dangerous choking hazard.
Keep your pets safe by making sure food is stored securely out of reach. Be prepared for any accidents by ensuring that you've taken out pet insurance - take out our pet insurance with us and you'll be helping pets in our care have a Merry Christmas too.
If you think your pet has eaten anything they shouldn't have, stay calm and speak to your vet immediately.
It can be tempting to shower our pets with tasty treats. But extra weight gain can lead to health problems, so to keep your pet happy and healthy keep treats to a minimum. If you do treat them to something extra, make sure the calories are accounted for in their daily food ration and feed them a little less for dinner.
Why not try making some of our tasty, healthy dog treats for your canine companion? The short video below (just a minute and a half) contains all you need to know to make your dog some yummy, homemade Honey and Banana Dog Biscuits (PDF 105KB).
Festive decorations
Festive food isn't the only hazard to consider around Christmas time, some household items can also be dangerous too. Some plants and flowers including poinsettias, holly, ivy, mistletoe and lilies can be toxic, so avoid these if you have pets.
Tinsel and wrapping paper might be tempting for your pet to play with but make sure they don't eat it!
Help your pet cope with Christmas Chaos
Christmas is often busy and chaotic. Help your pet cope with the chaos by keeping to their normal routine, as much as possible.
Provide your pet somewhere cosy and quiet where they can retreat to and have their own space away from the festive excitement. When your pet is in their quiet spot, make sure they are left alone and not disturbed by children or other guest.
For more advice, read our tips on planning ahead to help keep pets calm at Christmas.
Give your pet the best Christmas gift!
There are plenty of toys and treats on the market for your pet - but how many will help your pet have fun whilst also helping other animals live a life free from neglect and cruelty?
Treat your pet to the perfect Christmas gift and head on over to amazon to shop great RSPCA pet products
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Young Love Lost Trailer (2015)
23 October 2015 106 mins
In the latter part of the last century, Lu Xiaolu has just graduated from technical school and is currently working in a chemical factory. He hasn't a clue about what he will do in the future or how he should lead his life. Lu Xiaolu lacks skills. Moreover, he loves to play games, fight amongst his colleagues and is often found redoing poorly executed tasks. However, Lu Xiaolu is captivated by a beautiful young girl named Bai Lan, who he pursues and eventually falls in love with. Bai Lan in the end applies for graduate school and abruptly leaves for Shanghai...
Watch the official Young Love Lost 2015 trailer in HD below or find more Young Love Lost videos on Vidimovie.


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These filters enable playout of recorded live streams on your own laptop. To view the live recordings from your own laptop, you must first install all the filter files from the following folder link . You must unzip the folder and then double click on the setup.bat ( a batch file ). Windows Media will then open the live file clips.
|MPEG-4 Filters


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Separate names with a comma.
Discussion in 'Lawn Mowing' started by BryPaulD, Dec 15, 2004.
In hopes that you wouldn't get it, but still did?
I have done this before. And if you still don't want to do the job, it's not overpriced enough yet...
Hehehe, yep But still, really worth to do it.
I've read similar posts to this in the past and I really think it evokes an ethical question. I've tried to weigh both sides of the issue and sometimes still can't decide what I should do.
On one hand, the customer was given a specific quote for the work to be done. Caveat Emptor, right? It's thier responsibility to get quotes and check around for better pricing. After all, they should pay me more for my knowledge, experience, attention to detail, the fact that I'm insured and pay taxes, and that I'm darn cute to boot, right? OK, lets not forget to add the fact that I know this customer will be a HUGE pain in the a$$, calling me every hour of the day with a question, gripe, or complaint. After all, this is a business and I need to make a living, right?
The other side of the coin leans a little differently. What if this customer finds out after accepting the bid that it was a little high? Granted, any other bids from my competetiors may be lower but the customer probably does not know what kind of work they do. Heck, they probably aren't insured or have any experience. My business is 'word of mouth' and I pride myself on having faith in ANY of my existing customers to give a valuable recomendation to a prospective customer. If I take this job at an unresonably high rate and don't give the customer what they expect, can I count on them to give me a positive review?
You could 'what if' this topic to death. Honestly, the best practice is honesty. If you can't take on the job due to time constraints, don't price it high to make it worth your while. You will just end up stretching yourself too thin and disappointing an existing customer or the new one. If you dont want the job for other 'unspecified' reasons, just be as honest with the customer as you can. DONT say "I dont want your business because you are a pain in the ass". Instead, say "I have a number of jobs lined up right now. I'm afraid that if I take any more on, I may shortchange my existing customers or fail to give you the service you deserve". At this point, give them a referral to another LCO that you know does good work. Just make sure you filled that LCO in on your reasons for not taking the account and see if they are interested.
I've rambled on enough. Let us know what happens.
so the customer can tell others that you are so busy you dont take new clients? I would go with the high price.
www.kulakandcompany.com :blob3:
Everyday. Sometimes three or four times a day.
i don't think there is an ethical question here at all.
it you are charging high becuase the job is one that you don't want. Then the money you charge , to you, is an equitable compensation for the undesirable work.
You are charging what you feel is necessary to perform the work.
if you are charging high becuase you are already very busy, then it's just an overtime surcharge.
if it's crappy work, then you are charging what it's worth to YOU.
If you are consistantly getting work and feel that you had bid it high, you should be raising your base rates.
I just say, "thank you, I'm not interested." Why go through the motions if you don't want the job???
i do that as well.
i also will price some jobs higher due to the "suckky" factor.
if i have to ask one of my guys to do a particular crappy job, i will charge high for it and give the extra to the employee as a "thanks, i know that job was no fun" bonus....


text: Move in September 2017! The Garden Cottages are the perfect blend of luxury and privacy surrounding an interior park. The Madison features three or four bedrooms, three half baths, three levels of living space with elevator, two car garage on the basement level. The cottages encircle a private greenspace and each features a large stone terrace. The Garden Cottages are located are just steps from the private community pool.


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Jezebel Jorge is a practicing witch, medium, and a Reiki 2 light worker. She likes to have her genre described as Witch Lit - Sizzle and spice and some things Not so Nice.
Unlike most authors, the Voices running amok inside her head are sometimes spirits reaching out to tell their stories from the other side. Ghosts like to embellish just as the living, but there is usually a bit of truth entwined within her fictional stories.
Jezebel uses over twenty years of being around the inner workings of the wrestling business to make the pro wrestlers in her Ring Dreams series jump right off the page and into the squared circle. She takes you behind the curtain, immersing her readers in an industry where the truth is often stranger than fiction.
She lives in Nashville, TN with a spoiled rotten Golden Retriever / Great Pyrenees mix named Harry Potter and Odessa, a very vocal Spirit Guide with an affinity for snakes.
Review by:
Pattie LaRue
on Feb. 27, 2013 :
Jezebel Jorge communicates in a clear, easy to understand way that makes connecting with your guides seem as simple as calling a friend. She introduces readers to her own guides and explains that some guides were once our companions in previous lifes. They are here to protect us and add joy to our lives. I highly recommend this book to anyone who wants a simple and effective way to connect.
(reviewed the day of purchase)


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3 Days to Kill: Movie Trailer
Watch 3 Days to Kill movie trailer due out in February.
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Rob Ford Is Poisoning the City With His Toxic Masculinity
Violent temper. Refusal to admit wrongdoing. Penchant for expressing every feeling as anger. Penchant for expressing anger through physical intimidation. Homophobia and transphobia. Impulsive, risky behaviour with no consideration of potential consequences. "Boys will be boys" brand excuses for egregious behaviour. Yup. Toronto Mayor Rob Ford sure is winning at Toxic Masculinity Bingo.


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Melissa F.
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This is the first time Revo has been a main sponsor of an expedition of this nature, but it won't be the last, says Pierre Fay, executive vice president, Luxottica Group. "We are proud to be the main sponsor of such an important climate research expedition. Revo symbolizes the spirit of adventure and meets the needs of explorers who have to face harsh climates and situations."
Over the course of the month-long expedition, the team undertook a range of studies to assess the ways that climate change is altering polar ecosystems.
Using scientific analysis and photography, the expedition assessed the impact of global warming on wildlife and vegetation in the Arctic region, including traveling to Mount Gunnbjörn, which is known as the "Top of the Arctic." At Kap Morris Jesup, the world's northernmost land mass, the team used GPS technology to obtain precise coordinates for the area of dry land closest to the North Pole. In Greenland's Northeast Islands, the team surveyed polar bears and attempted to assess the health of the bowhead whale population.
The expedition was made in partnership with Green Cross International (GCI) and the Group for Ecological Arctic Research. Founded and chaired by Mikhael Gorbachev, Green Cross International is one of the few organizations focusing its attention on the crucial nexus between security, poverty and the environment.
—Jackie Micucci


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robert eley
- 58 years old
- Date of birth: Dec 18, 1951
- Date of passing: Oct 10, 2010
|Let the memory of robert be with us forever
This memorial website was created in memory of our loved one, robert eley, 58, born on December 18, 1951 and passed away on October 10, 2010. We will remember him forever.
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Download East London Printmakers
Monthly Archives: September 2014
East London Printmakers @ Embassy Tea Gallery
Celebrating another fantastic year of printmaking, East London Printmakers will be holding its annual exhibition at the Embassy Tea Gallery.
We are very proud to have British Abstract Expressionist painter and printmaker Albert Irvin OBE, RA opening the exhibition.
ELP has approximately 300 members and holds a large annual show each year. The exhibitions are open to members and 70 artists will be exhibiting with the collective. The Embassy Tea Gallery occupies an entire floor of the historic James Ashby Tea and Coffee Warehouse and is ideally positioned to entice art loving visitors to and from Tate Modern, Jerwood Space and White Cube Bermondsey.
We'd like to say a special thanks to our sponsors this year, Five Points Brewing Co, Rabbit in a Frame and Printmakers Council.
Come along to The Embassy Tea Gallery for a printmaking bonanza!
17th – 28th September 10.30 – 6pm
16th September – Opening Reception 6.30 – 9.30pm
26th September – South London Art Map 10.30am – 9.30pm
Artist Talk with Marcelle Hanselaar
Artist Talk with Marcelle Hanselaar.
Dutch born painter and printmaker Marcelle Hanselaar will be speaking in the studio about . Marcelle travelled extensively in Asia and Europe before finally settling down in her studio in central London. Although she studied briefly at The Royal Academy and at The Hague in oil painting she is entirely self-taught. Hanselaar became interested in etching around in the early 2000s and was taught printmaking first at Morley College and later at Kensington & Chelsea College.
Marcelles work is held in numerous prestigious collections in the UK and has exhibited nationally and internationally.
Come along from 7.30pm on the Tuesday 23rd September.
Please RSVP to [email protected]
Artist Talk with Simon Goode
This September we are excited to welcome to the studio, Simon Goode founder of the London Centre for Book Arts!
The London Centre for Book Arts is the UK's first and only open-access resource and education centre dedicated to book arts. Located in Fish Island, Hackney Wick the centre offers access to specialist printing and binding facilities, and run workshops on a variety of subjects related to book arts.
LCBA runs courses including various types of bookbinding, foil blocking, letterpress and paper making which you can find here.
This year East London Printmakers teamed up with LCBA, exchanging concessionary rates on all courses for both members of ELP and LCBA! To find out more about how to become a member click here.
Come along from 7.30pm on 9th September to hear about Simon's adventures.
Waterless Lithography Course
This year East London Printmakers launched a new calendar of courses. One of the brand new courses is Waterless Lithography with Dolores de Sade.
Here is what some of the students got up to on the course in August!
ELP @ Hackney Wicked
On a beautiful sunny weekend at the beginning of August artists from East London Printmakers exhibited their work at Hackney WickED Festival!
Hackney WickED was initially set up in 2008 as a series of local art events to highlight and celebrate the diversity of artistic practise and creativity in the area. It allowed visitors to explore artist studios, live-work spaces and up-and-coming galleries.
2014 is the 7th year of the festival and has grown year by year. ELP was involved in a 3 day event celebrating all things creative, attracting thousands of visitors from all over.
Jairo and Nicola from ELP did a fantastically popular screen printing demo on the Saturday and ELP also had a print stall on Fish Island selling prints by ELP members
Special Thanks to Jenni Allen and Cynthia Caroline Hotopf, Dena Schuckit, Eliza Southwood, Jamie Temple, Lavanja Thavabalasingam, Richard Roberts, Sisetta Zappone, Stephanie Glen, and Victor Matesanz for helping with the stall; and Jairo Zaldua & Nicola Green for their screen printing workshop.


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Chapt. 9 Regulation of Enzymes. Regulation of Enzymes Student Learning Outcomes : Explain that enzyme activities must be regulated for proper body function Explain three general mechanisms: Reversible binding in active site: substrate, inhibitors
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Fig. 9.1
Fig. 9.2
Fig. 9.3
Overcome by excess substrate (increase apparent Km)
Not overcome by substrate (lowers [E] and Vmax)
Products can also inhibit enzyme activity
Fig. 9.4
Fig. 9.5
Fig. 9.6
Fig. 9.7
Fig. 9.8
Fig. 9.9 cAMP activates PKA
(on histones)
(as on Ras protein)
Fig. 6.13 modified amino acids
CaMkinasefamily activated by Ca2+/calmodulin; phosphorylate metabolic enzymes, ion channels, transcription factors, regulate synthesis, release of neurotransmitters.
Fig. 9.10
Fig. 9.11
Fig. 9.12
Fig. 9.13
Fig. 9.14


text: My first time dealing with Robkat, and the deal went quickly and smoothly. Robkat provided excellent communication thru out the transaction. He also shipped so quickly as he promised, and the racquets arrived in beautiful condition as described. I'd highly recommend Robkat to you all. Thanks for selling me the awesome racquets at an incredible price.


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Information Sessions
Prospective Cadets should attend a Det 835 Information Session. The session will be led by the Recruiting Flight Commander and is the perfect opportunity for students and parents/guardians to ask questions to a Det 835 cadre member. Sessions last between 1 to 1.5 hours.
If you would like to attend a session, please RSVP here
Location: 712 North Texas Blvd, Denton, TX 76201 (MAP)
Dates and Times:
3/4 year students: Wednesdays at 1000
1/2 year students: N/A - NOTE: entry opportunity for the 1 or 2 year program ended on 1 Aug 2017. Applicants should apply now through 1 Aug 18 to begin Aug 2018
Appointment Only
Meetings are by appointment only but are on a limited basis. If you wish to find out more about the program please attend an Information Session or email us at email@example.com.
TBAS and AFOQT
To schedule a TBAS or AFOQT appointment please contact firstname.lastname@example.com.
Det 835 Brochure
High school counselors and JROTC instructors are encouraged to download our Det 835 AFROTC Brochure to share with interested students.


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General Guide by Draaen
Not Updated For Current Season
This guide has not yet been updated for the current season. Please keep this in mind while reading. You can see the most recently updated guides on the browse guides page.
Thank You!
Your votes and comments encourage our guide authors to continue
creating helpful guides for the League of Legends community.
Cassiopeia Build
Ability Sequence
Not Updated For Current Season
The masteries shown here are not yet updated for the current season, the guide author needs to set up the new masteries. As such, they will be different than the masteries you see in-game.
So I've recently been playing around with the magic resist and armour equations and I had some interesting results. Putting these into practice I have managed to do massive damage against people who decide they don't need early game magic resist.
This guide is for those people just to demonstrate to them why you need to get magic resist.
A note on armour
The equation for armour works exactly the same as the equation for MR.
However the reason I am writing the guide based around MR is that people start off the game with a base of 30. Unless a player knowingly contributes to his magic resist the problem never gets better. With armour though on every champion it gets better as you level. This means for no investment melee damage is reduced against you. Since most armour values are in the 70's or 80's it is a considerable amount of damage.
Furthermore there are a plethora of armour value 100 items, whereas only one 70 MR item, and a hand full of 50 MR items. The MR items also tend to be more expensive making MR more scarce.
So in my mind I feel MR is an integral part of any balanced build, and requires more foresight/planning then armour. Therefore the name MR and you.
The Equation
The equation looks like this.
%Damage Reduction = Magic resist/(100 + Magic Resist) X 100
So the first thing you should notice is that you can never reach 100 percent magic reduction. You can get very close if you have astronomically high magic resist but you'll never get to 100% damage reduction, which is only fair really.
Magic Penetration and reduction lowers your opponents magic resist. You can only penetrate 40 MR but you can reduce it by any amount.
So let's look at some pertinent magic resist values and their reductions for a quick reference.
30 MR = 30/(100+30) X 100 = 23% Note this is most people's base MR. Tanky DPS aside.
0 MR = 0/100 X 100 = 0 True damage. Figures right?
80 MR = 80/(100+80) X 100 = 44.4% Most people with a banshees veil
10 MR = 10/(100+10) X 100 = 9% If they get MP boots, or go all out MP like in my build.
Also the modifiers are applied as such.
Magic resist reduction - This has no limit and can reduce the total below 0.
Magic Penetration - This caps at 40, and cannot reduce the total below 0.
Percent reduction - This reduces what's left by your percent reduction.
Thank you Shadow Palm for correcting me on the order of application.
What it all means
So the big question what does it all mean? well what the numbers should show you is that the lower your magic resist the more bang you get for your buck. Your first 100 MR reduces the incoming magic damage by a whopping 50%. The next 100 only adds 16%, and your fist 30 adds 23%.
So the lower your magic resist the more important it is to buy magic resist the higher the less important. Well your welcome my name is captain obvious. The way I see it though you really should shoot for no more then a 100 MR build unless you are facing magic pen, or just tons of AP, which you shouldn't sacrifice other aspects of your build for more MR then. Also even low returns on your MR runes can be worth the investment as it might free up your item selection. When considering your build MR should be of paramount importance, and you should almost never leave home without it, and have a couple different options available to you.
Negative Magic Resistances
Thanks to mastajdog's helpful comments I can complete this part of the guide with a lot more accurate numbers.
The equation is basically just what you would get with magic resist but reversed. So at -20 MR you would get 23% increased damage over true damage. You get this by...
% Extra damage = (Negative Magic resistance)/(100+Negative magic resistance)
Again just like with the MR equation we can never reach 1 or greater. So you'll never crit with your spells. Also the lower you drag enemies into the negatives the worse returns you get. Not that it's bad just Soraka being able to bring you down to -180 MR isn't as bad as it could be. Which is why s=the game designers believe her to be balanced. She may not be but that would be I assume their logic.
The reason the equation changes is because if you were to maintain the same equation as you approached -100 MR you could crash the game, do amazing amounts of damage, or prevent over a 100 percent of the damage done.
Well let's look defensively first if your opponent gets some nice magic resist boots quick getting a negatron cloak and sitting on it isn't a bad idea. If you're originally stopping 23% of his damage and he now brings you down to stopping none? the 23% damage increase on his part really. That's almost a death cap AND it works on his base damages. It's too much a boost, and really you're going to have to get one eventually.
If you don't like the idea of putting that much into one item that will sit maybe get merc treads. Remember you don't need a ton of MR when you are operating at low numbers to see a big difference. Also merc treads are just good.
Ah the part I've been waiting for. Offensively it means get it fast get it early. Most people don't rush Magic resist except for maybe mercury treads. If they only have 30 get your magic pen boots, their cheap and help you gank and run away early while other people have tier 1 boots. Now you do true damage and increase your survivability and hopefully force your opponent to adapt to you.
Also this should show you that if you are saying man I wanna do some more magic damage but they have a bunch of magic resist.... I guess I'll get the scepter now. Wrong. At high levels it won't have much of an effect. Get yourself a void staff.
The "Tanky DPS" Guys
These are the dudes that have above average magic resist at level 18. According to Mobafire which I am assuming is right.
Magic Resist: 52.5
Magic Resist: 43.5
I hope this guide illustrates the importance of magic resist to some of my fellow summoners. I wanted to make sure you saw the potential downfalls of not investing in any until late game, and maybe could give some people an idea of how much magic resist is good, and where the diminishing returns of the equation come into play.


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The European Investment Bank (EIB) has approved a EUR 500 million line of credit for Autostrade per l'Italia, a company wholly owned by the listed company Atlantia.
The first tranche of the loan, amounting to EUR 250 million, was signed today in Rome and is intended for use in upgrading the Florence North-Barberino del Mugello stretch of motorway.
Specifically, the project involves increasing the capacity of the A1 toll motorway between Florence and Bologna along the 17 km Florence North-Barberino del Mugello section in the Tuscan Apennines. The A1 is Italy's main motorway on Corridor I of the trans-European transport networks (TEN-T) – the supranational road infrastructure of European interest. The project is a combination of upgrading and widening of the existing motorway and construction of new sections.
The operation is expected to relieve traffic congestion north of Florence, speed up traffic on the Apennine segment of the A1 and have a positive environmental and employment impact and is therefore consistent with the infrastructure financing policies pursued by the European Commission and implemented by the EIB.
In Italy the EIB has a long tradition of financing the motorway network. The loan announced today is the fourth in support of the Florence-Bologna motorway.
"A modern, efficient transport network is a necessary condition for supporting growth", remarked Dario Scannapieco, EIB Vice-President with responsibility for operations in Italy, Malta and the Western Balkans, "and we have a long and very fruitful relationship with Atlantia-Autostrade which benefits the entire Italian network".
"We are delighted that the EIB considers us to be a reliable, solvent partner for channelling to Italy EU funds that will be able to improve the competitiveness of the productive sector and in the short term maintain an adequate level of activity in the construction sector", stated Giovanni Castellucci, CEO of Atlantia.


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Submit News
Huawei Looks to U.S. Market, Sells Ascend P1 Smartphone via Amazon
Tiffany Kaiser
January 4, 2013 1:21 PM
Recipient E-mail
Sender E-mail
It's hoping to reach more U.S. customers
Huawei is now selling its Ascend P1 smartphone through Amazon in an attempt to attract customers from the U.S. to its products.
Huawei is a
Chinese telecommunications maker
that has made little headway as far as sales go in the United States, but through the use of Amazon, the company is looking to reach this audience.
The Ascend P1 is an Android-powered smartphone with a 4.3-inch Super AMOLED display, a 1.5 GHz dual-core processor, an 8 MP camera and 1 GB of RAM. It's also very slim at 7.6 millimeters.
"The Ascend P1 is perfect for consumers looking to get the most out of their device," said Michael Chuang, Executive Vice President of Huawei Device USA. "Whether it's for playing games, streaming music and videos, or sharing multimedia in the home or workplace, the Ascend P1 offers unparalleled performance and a truly unique mobile experience."
Huawei hopes to compete with other Android-powered devices like those made by Samsung. Android is the
most popular smartphone operating system in the U.S.
, followed by iOS.
The Ascend P1 is available unlocked for
$449.99 on Amazon
Earlier this week, Huawei found itself in hot water when it allegedly
offered a bid
to sell
€1.3M ($1.7 million USD) worth of equipment to Mobile Telecommunication Comp. of Iran (MCI).
Huawei and other Chinese telecommunication firms are contractually forbidden from reselling electronics from U.S. companies to Iran, and doing so could hurt their relationship with U.S. OEMs.
Huawei denied ever producing the document, and instead blamed
one of its major local partners, Skycom Tech Co Ltd.
"Nowadays, security guys break the Mac every single day. Every single day, they come out with a total exploit, your machine can be taken over totally. I dare anybody to do that once a month on the Windows machine." -- Bill Gates
Related Articles
Huawei Blames Plan to Funnel Electronics to Iran on Partner
December 31, 2012, 6:20 PM
Sources: White House Report Shows No Sign Huawei is Spying on the U.S.
October 18, 2012, 3:20 PM
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