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DeLange, Justin M.; Cutrer, F. Michael
Post to Citeulike
7 Citations
Migraine aura consists of fully reversible focal neurologic symptoms that may precede or coexist with headache in a significant minority of migraine patients. Typical aura symptoms include visual, sensory, and language disturbances. The most recent International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version) has added other aura types such as brainstem localizing symptoms, lateralizing weakness, and monocular visual loss. Currently available data from animal models and functional neuroimaging in humans implicate cortical spreading depression (CSD) as the phenomenon underlying migraine aura. Ongoing study suggests that susceptibility to migraine aura and CSD may be genetically mediated. CSD appears to be a potential target for future development of migraine-specific preventive therapies.
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Hansen, Jakob Møller; Levy, Dan
1 Citations
Around 10 % of the global adult population has active migraine. The public health burden of migraine is high because migraine attacks are associated with temporary disability and substantial impairment in activities. As such, migraine is ranked as one of the most disabling conditions. The widespread disability produced by migraine is therefore an important target for treatment.
The hallmark of migraine is the head pain, but a plethora of other clinical symptoms is needed for a headache to be qualified as a migraine according to the current diagnostic criteria.
There has been tremendous progress in our acceptance, understanding and treatment possibilities of migraine, but to optimize migraine management, it is important that we continue to improve our understanding of the basic migraine mechanisms. An understanding of migraine pathophysiology must encompass the varied clinical symptoms and relate these findings to anatomy and physiology.
Schürks, Markus; Buse, Dawn C.; Wang, Shuu-Jiun
Headaches are common disorders and migraine is most intensively investigated due to its high prevalence and often highly disabling character. Many conditions that are likewise prevalent have been described comorbid with migraine, and an increase of many comorbid conditions is seen among those with migraine with aura and higher frequency of headache. Well-established comorbidities include cardiovascular, psychiatric, neurological, and other pain disorders. With regard to cardiovascular disorders an association between migraine with aura and ischemic stroke has been most consistently described. Migraine with aura confers a twofold increased risk. Younger age, female gender, smoking, and oral contraceptive use seem to further raise the risk among migraineurs. With regard to psychiatric disorders, those with migraine are at increased risk of major depression, anxiety, panic disorder, bipolar disorder, abuse and neglect, and suicidal ideation or attempts. Common neurologic comorbidities include epilepsy and restless leg syndrome. Potential explanations for increased comorbidities will be explored. The complex network of an association between migraine and many other comorbid conditions is likely due to shared genetic factors that are further modified by environmental factors.
Cady, Ryan J.; Shade, Candace L.; Cady, Roger K.
6 Citations
Triptans revolutionized medical recognition and the acute treatment of migraine. Yet, throughout a lifetime, millions of patients who live with migraine endure hundreds of days of disability due to their disease. Most migraine attacks respond to migraine-specific interventions, but attack response does not predict patient response. Generally, migraine patients respond to acute treatment for some, but not necessarily all, attacks of migraine. Consequently, there remains a substantial unmet clinical need for better acute treatment of migraine.
Numerous avenues of research and clinical observation provide insight into potential advances in acute treatment of migraine. These include better delivery systems for existing drugs, as well as the development of potential new therapeutic agents. In addition, new changes in migraine taxonomy and clinical observations of migraine suggest additional important therapeutic opportunities. Based on clinical observations, this article explores future acute treatment needs, drugs in development for acute migraine, and new products that deliver established drugs to improve treatment response.
Manack, Aubrey N.; Buse, Dawn C.; Lipton, Richard B.
66 Citations
Chronic migraine is a common and disabling complication of migraine with a population prevalence of about 2%. Emerging evidence suggests that episodic migraine and chronic migraine differ not only in degree, but also in kind. Compared with patients with episodic migraine, those with chronic migraine have worse socioeconomic status, reduced health-related quality of life, increased headache-related burden (including impairment in occupational, social, and family functioning), and greater psychiatric and medical comorbidities. Each year, approximately 2.5% of patients with episodic migraine develop new-onset chronic migraine (ie, chronification). Understanding the natural disease course, improving treatment and management, and preventing the onset could reduce the enormous individual and societal burden of chronic migraine, and thus, have become important goals of headache research. This review provides a summary of the history of nomenclature and diagnostic criteria, as well as recent studies focusing on the epidemiology, natural history, and burden of chronic migraine.
Andreou, Anna P.; Oshinsky, Michael L.
The headache research field is privileged to have in its preclinical laboratories well-established animal models that significantly facilitate and improve our understanding of headache mechanisms, in particular in terms of the molecular signalling and brain networks involved. A variety of pharmacological screening approaches for novel therapeutics and for the improvement of advanced pharmacological agents can be achieved in translational research utilising these models. The available migraine models have been developed based on our understanding of migraine from clinical, migraine patient-specific evidence. These clinical phenotypes have been successfully employed to model features of the disease physiology in animals and to provide reproducible meaningful physiological measures in the laboratory.
Serafini, Gianluca; Wang, Shuu-Jiun; Lamis, Dorian; Curto, Martina; Girardi, Paolo; Amore, Mario; Pompili, Maurizio
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Headache disorders are a public health priority as they are associated with significant disability and psychosocial impairment worldwide [64, 83]. Migraine is currently recognized as one of the major causes of lost days from work and school every year, and it is also responsible for severe lifestyle restrictions [84, 85]. Twice as common as tension-type headache, migraine is the most frequent primary headache and accounts for 22 % of all headache diagnoses, whereas other unspecified headache types may be observed in 18 % of cases [84, 85].
Sacco, S.; Bushnell, C.
Migraine, particularly migraine with aura has been associated with an increased risk of vascular events including ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, myocardial infarction, and angina. Data also indicated that migraineurs, as compared to non-migraineurs, have an increased burden of infarct-like lesions and white matter abnormalities at brain magnetic resonance. There are no tools to identify the migraineurs who will suffer vascular events. Recent onset of the migraine, active migraine, and frequent attacks are features associated with the increased stroke risk; combined oral contraceptives and cigarette smoking may further increase the risk of ischemic stroke in migraineurs. The mechanisms underlying this increased vascular risk are still unclear but experimental studies indicated an increased cellular excitability in migraineurs that may make the brain tissue more susceptible to ischemia. Additionally, clinical data supported an impairment of the vascular function in migraineurs at the systemic level. There is currently no direct evidence to support that a migraine prophylactic treatment can reduce future stroke risk; however, we cannot exclude that migraine prophylaxis, by raising the threshold for spreading depolarization, may lower stroke risk.
Li, Hongyan
Migraine is a common cause of vestibular discomforts. Vestibular symptoms should be considered as equivalents to the commonly known migraine symptoms, such as visual aura, photophobia, phonophobia, nausea, and headaches and are among the cardinal presentations of migraine in many patients. Those vestibular symptoms reflect the impaired perception of a normal or physiological spatial orientation and head motion. The subject's vestibular system becomes unusually susceptible and over-reactive. To be diagnosed with vestibular migraine, the patient must have both unequivocal vestibular symptoms and a history of migraine. In addition, a temporal correlation between those vestibular symptoms and the migraine history must exist and alternative causes excluded. A few clinical vertiginous conditions have significant overlaps with migraine in their clinical presentations and may also share similarities in their pathologies. Those conditions must be recognized and differentiated from each other. Recent international efforts have resulted in newly proposed criteria for diagnosing vestibular migraine. These criteria can be used as references in the clinical reasoning toward diagnosing this common neurological disorder.
Montagna, Pasquale; DeVries, Boukje; Schürks, Markus; Haan, Joost; Terwindt, Gisela M.
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The primary headaches carry a substantial hereditary liability, as shown by twin and family studies. Hereditary factors account for an important proportion of the phenotypic variance in migraine with aura (MA) and without aura (MO) and tension-type headache (TTH), while the disease risk is also considerably increased for first-degree relatives of cluster headache (CH) patients. The patterns of inheritance are complex, which means that both genetic and environmental factors contribute. Familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM), a monogenic subtype of MA, has an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, and so far can be ascribed to mutations in three genes, CACNA1A, ATP1A2, and SCN1A, all coding for ion channels. Available studies have not provided clear evidence that these genes are also involved in the more common forms of migraine (MA and MO). Genome-wide linkage studies and genetic association studies based on candidate genes, but no genome-wide association studies, have been performed in migraine, leading to the discovery of several chromosomal loci. Underlying genes, however, have yet to be discovered. This also applies to studies in TTH and CH. Current research tackles methodological flaws in former studies by using large patient cohorts, multivariate statistical methods, and reducing clinical heterogeneity by the introduction of more refined methods of phenotyping, such as latent class analysis and trait component analysis. Also, gene expression profiles by detecting reliable biomarkers of disease will be helpful in the future. Results of large genome-wide association studies for migraine are expected soon. Future fields of headache research pertain to individual response and adverse effects to therapeutic drugs (pharmacogenetics), and the study of epigenetic factors.
© 2016 Springer International Publishing AG. Part of Springer Nature.
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FOXBORO -- The Patriots claimed offensive lineman Matt Tennant off waivers over the weekend, and before Monday's practice, Bill Belichick called the former New Orleans Saint a product of the advantages joint practices provide.
The Pats had joint practices and a preseason game with the Saints at Gillette Stadium during training camp, and part of that process included scouting the other team's players.
"After we practiced against them and played them, we looked at all their players," said Belichick. "I mean, we talked about everybody. All 80 of them, or however many it was that practiced. Here's their offensive linemen, here's their tight ends, here's their receivers, here's their backs. We talked about those guys. Some of them we knew, some of them we didn't know. So we went through their whole roster, as we did with Tampa. It's one of the advantages of working with some of the teams. You really can get to know their players."
The Patriots are hoping that Tennant can quickly learn New England's system.
"He was here one day, he's working at it," said Belichick. "Players will be off tomorrow, so that will give him a day to catch up. I think some of the things that they did in New Orleans are similar to what we did. But, I'm sure there's plenty of differences, too.
"He's a smart guy and he's got some experience in the league. We'll give it to him and see how quickly he can grasp it. But even yesterday, I think he was able to go out there and do some things. So, hopefully it won't be too long."

subset: commoncrawl


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People are for the most part creatures of habit who seek stability, reliability, and predictability. In fact many of us in the U.S. long for days where you could join a company right out of school knowing you had a job with them until (you) decided to retire or move on.
We called it JOB SECURITY. That no longer exists today!
This is also how most people view marriage. It's a way to "settle down" and know that they've got someone who is going to be there through ups and downs, the holidays, weight gain, loss of hair, wrinkled skin and so on. They scratch it off their "to do list".
Fear keeps one from taking risk or traveling the road less traveled.
The goal is to be in the (middle) of the pack as opposed to leading the pack taking on the slings of arrows or being in the back of the pack feasting on scraps left behind by the others.
Going unnoticed or tip toeing through life is their dream come true!
The older or more secure one is the less open they are to taking risk. When they didn't have a family they played it safe and once they had one they played it safer. Fear of the unknown and uncertainty stresses them out.
It's no wonder why politicians seeking office are fond of saying; "Lets take this country (back)" or "Make America great (again)".
The past is a pair of very worn slippers that brings to mind comfort. The future is scary and racked with unknowns where anything can happen or go wrong. If possible they'd like to freeze time.
Some people with short-term memory believe the 1960s were better than today. The 60s was probably one of the most turbulent decades with the Vietnam war, social changes, hippie culture, drugs, riots, and multiple assassinations of key leaders. Even having gone through all of that it's less scary than what tomorrow promises for a lot of folks. They survived the past which makes it comforting.
Fear hates all forms of change!
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Fear with a definite purpose and sound reasoning has always been advantageous. Fear of getting late to job will never let a careless sleep. Fear of getting children astray will protect them with our utmost care. Fear of failure will motivate to work hard.
Fear keeps people comfortable.... means it imbibed in their minds that being just and doing justly is key to its achievement. Fear keeps people secure.... in the sense it sets hearts and minds free from unwarranted reservations. Fear keeps people safe ... as it instill a kind of solace that the efforts bonded with fear will never put anyone down. This fear has to be the fear of God not of any insecure thing. Since the expanse of fear shows a spectrum of benefits so it has to be of the God Whose Authority and Power is more expanse than what is being experienced.
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Network Management on the Isles of Scilly. Ben Godfrey Western Power Distribution Innovation and Low Carbon Networks Engineer 01332 827447/07894258687 [email protected] The Isles of Scilly. 40 km off Lands End 5 inhabited Only these 5 have electricity supplies
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Ben Godfrey
Western Power Distribution
Innovation and Low Carbon Networks Engineer
01332 827447/07894258687
Supplies by a 33kV undersea cable from the mainland
11kV submarine cables interconnect and feed the islands
64 substations with a mix of overhead and underground network
Back up diesel generation to secure supplies
LV monitoring has been installed on the 64 substations supplying customers
Smart Meter
Broadband over Powerline Modem
Rack-mounts for Radios
Main Supply
& Battery Changeover
Serial acquisition device
AC/DC Converter
Main Fuses
TCP/IP-based network which uses three technologies:
GE SD4 radios – 400MHz – 19.2kbps
GE Entranetradios – 2.4Ghz – 106kbps
PPC Broadband over Powerline – BPL – 50Mbps
A 150Mbps microwave link connects to the mainland
Trending of individual substation in NMS
Metered values stored on a central server
Greater visibility of asset capacity and utilisation
Enables automation roll-out
Comparison of communication systems
2 x 200kVA peak diesel generators have been installed on both St Agnes and Bryer
FG Wilson P200-2 generators with ComApInteliGen-NT controllers
Remote control and additional automation installed
Star-Star transformers installed to provide HV neutral earth
St Agnes – Lower Town
St Mary's Primary
Gen Controller
Synch Signal
Synch Controller
Bryer – The Quay
Gen Controller
Mainland CommsNetwork
Synch Signal
St Buryan Primary
Synch Controller
Automated blackstartrestoration
Ability to switch over to generator supply and back without short interruptions
Reduce issues with frequency control on a weakly connected network
Allow a larger amount of embedded generation without introducing frequency oscillation issues
Ben Godfrey
Western Power Distribution
Innovation and Low Carbon Networks Engineer
01332 827447/07894258687


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More than ever, grocery stores are filled with processed foods that advertise nutrient values and health benefits. Commentator Michael Pollan, author of "The Omnivore's Dilemma," says the healthiest foods are still to be found in the produce section.
The Federal Reserve injected another $30 billion in short-term loans into the banking system. The Fed hopes the money will keep banks lending and combat the looming credit crunch. Kai Ryssdal talks to Jill Barshay about how long the credit crunch may last and who's most affected.
Small bookshops are part of the culture in France, but their existence has been threatened by Amazon. A court sided with them in a lawsuit last year, but the online bookseller is not giving up the fight. Anita Elash reports.
Starbucks will be closing the doors for a few hours at 7,000 of its stores on Feb. 26. The company will use the time for a major training effort to refocus employees on customer service. Kai Ryssdal talks to Morningstar analyst John Owens.
At the height of the real estate boom, websites like Zillow and Trulia that displayed home values became huge. Now that the market is falling rapidly, investors are turning to them even more. Stacy Vanek-Smith reports.
The Bush administration and six major mortgage lenders have unveiled "Project Lifeline," the latest response to the ongoing turmoil in the housing market. The plan could freeze foreclosures for as much as one month for seriously troubled homeowners. Jeremy Hobson reports.
Just in time for Valentines Day, activists and jewelry retailers are stepping up a campaign to discourage the mining and sale of "dirty gold." Their first target: a proposed gold mine in Alaska. Sarah Gardner reports.
Warren Buffett has offered to reinsure $800 billion in municipal bonds to help struggling bond insurers hampered by fallout from the credit crunch. The deal would likely allow the municipal bonds to receive a AAA rating. Dan Grech reports.


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The new Olympic Channel brings you news, highlights, exclusive behind the scenes, live events and original programming, 24 hours a day, 365 days per year.
At the 1984 Winter Games Marja Lissa Hamalainen shines as she becomes a superstar. She claims the 20km gold medal, crossing the line in 1:01:45.0, followed by Raisa Smetanina and Anne Jahre. Hamalainen went on to win the gold medal in all 3 individual cross country skiing events (5, 10 and 20 km) and bronze in the team event, becoming the most successful athletes at these Games. Cross Country Skiing 20 km Women's Final - Sarajevo 1984 Winter Olympics - Marja-Liisa Hamalainen (FIN), Raisa Smetanina (URS), Anne Jahren (NOR)


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We have in-house expertise of writing web-based datbase systems based on PHP and MySQL. Web based database systems have grown in popularity over the last few years since no work is needed to install the programme on workstations other than emailing everyone an internet address.
In most cases there is no need to pay for expensive per-user licenses, and the database system can run on an inexpensive server located on your own premises. This solution also has the advantage of running on a variety of systems. In some cases what you are looking for may have already been written and is available as an open source project.
On the other hand, you may be running other systems, and we also have in-house experience of MS Access and FileMakerPro.


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The beauty and ugliness of baseball
The Opening Night curtain is about to go up on the 2015 Major League Baseball season, and we'll have six months of pennant races, record chases and amazing achievements to enjoy.
For the first time in a generation, there is more excitement about the New York Mets than the New York Yankees. (For posterity, I will note that the Mets had the best record in the Grapefruit League this year at 19-12… since we are already sensibly forgetting about exhibition game wins and losses.)
And it's a good thing that the games will be underway soon, because we badly need something to talk about besides the ugly stories that have dominated the baseball discussion for the past week.
Although it's hard to imagine watching the Chicago Cubs host the St. Louis Cardinals tonight without mentioning Kris Bryant. (In case you've missed the discussion, Bryant is supposed to be the next Bryce Harper or Mike Trout. The 23-year-old mega prospect hit nine Cactus League home runs, with a .425 batting average and a 1.175 slugging percentage, but don't look for him in the game being broadcast on ESPN2 – Bryant will be starting his season on Thursday when the Iowa Cubs take on the Memphis Redbirds.
Cubs GM Theo Epstein will cite the precedent of any number of star players who've started the year in the minors before being called up to their major league team, but there's only one imaginable reason you wouldn't want to have Bryant on your team on Opening Day. Under baseball's current collective bargaining agreement, one year's service time equals 172 days. There are 183 days in the MLB season, so if Bryant spends the first 12 with the Iowa Cubs, the Chicago Cubs can delay his free agency by one season.
Are the Cubs acting in accordance with the rules? Yes. Are they acting in the best interest of Bryant? No. Are they acting in the best interests of their fans? Debatable, but doubtful. Cubs fans are being asked to forgo two weeks of Bryant's performance now for an extra season later… of course, the Cubs should have enough money to sign Bryant if he turns into the superstar people believe he will be, so his free agency eligibility date shouldn't be a big concern for fans.
Bryant's case is far from unique. The Rockies did the same thing (with much less fanfare) to maintain control of pitching prospect Jon Gray for an extra season. The Astros and Pirates did it with outfielders George Springer and Gregory Polanco, last year. I've watched the Mets delay the callups of Matt Harvey and Zack Wheeler, again with service time seeming to be the primary consideration.
I expect this issue to feature prominently in the negotiation of the next CBA… hopefully, somebody will remember all of the minor leaguers making poverty wages when they start talking about how to treat the next generation of MLB millionaires fairly.
But Bryant isn't the only one who got a raw deal from major league baseball this spring.
Last week, an arbitrator ruled that Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim outfielder Josh Hamilton did not violate his drug treatment program. Hamilton, a recovering addict, self-reported cocaine use to league officials this winter and then saw that information leaked to the Los Angeles Times in violation of confidentiality provisions of the program.
Major League Baseball – and presumably the Angels – wanted Hamilton suspended, which would have saved the team at least a portion of the aging star's $23 million salary.
"The Office of the Commissioner disagrees with the decision, and will seek to address deficiencies in the manner in which drugs of abuse are addressed under the Program in the collective bargaining process."
Does it sound Rob Manfred cares about Hamilton's well-being to you?
Angels GM Jerry DiPoto did express support for Hamilton in a prepared statement, after first condemning the former All-Star's commitment to his teammates and fans. Hardly sounds supportive to me.
For years, MLB teams looked the other way in regards to the use of performance enhancing drugs – steroids and amphetamines – but now the powers that be are outraged over a player trying to take responsibility for a mistake in his battle against addiction? Please. Again, it's easier to believe that it comes down to money.
Major League Baseball generated a record $9 billion in gross revenue last year, yet the percent of that pie that goes to MLB players has shrunk almost 33 percent in the past 12 years and is expected to fall below 40 percent this season.
It's hard for me to get too worked up about a potential battle between millionaires and billionaires over amounts that I have difficulty imagining, but it's not hard at all to demand that people try to treat each other decently.
When baseball's next labor dispute occurs – and I certainly believe it's coming – I hope that it's about more than just dollars and cents.
Posted on April 5, 2015, in Baseball and tagged Baseball, Chicago Cubs, Josh Hamilton, Kris Bryant, Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, Major League Baseball, Opening Day, Rob Manfred. Bookmark the permalink. 3 Comments.
It's amazing how we care so much for a sport that doesn't have an effect on the world or our lives in any meaningful manner.
Anyway I'm sure that for the new CBA issues like keeping talent in the minors to obtain an extra year of arbitration or to avoid super twos will be discussed. As will (most likely) the luxury tax threshold in this new era where even the Padres and Marlins can spend money like nobody's business.
Although I'm 99.9% sure that the financial issues minor leaguers face (especially from foreign countries) will continue and the union will continue to bargain away the rights of amateurs to do accomplish their goals. After all, there is that new International Draft to get to work on as well, and we know full well how the US draft it screws over domestic draftees, those poor guys in the DR, PR and Venezuela are in for a rough future.
And I apologize for all of the grammar mistakes in this post. Too many shots…
"Always with the negative waves, Moriarty." It's opening day and that is a boo-ti-full ting. Everybody is tied for first (except in the NL Central, now) and all things are possible.
Do I care that Kris Bryant didn't make the trip north? Nah, I'd rather the major league clubs take MORE time developing their youngsters than less (especially pitchers). Think about all the players who might have been great but for the rules in the fifties and sixties that "bonus babies" had to be carried on the major league roster. There were guys who, in their first year of pro ball, got like 11 at bats. 11! Heck, one "bonus baby" who was carried for two years on the major league roster (which was the rule) got into exactly two games over that span–both as a pinch runner. And how many guys who kicked butt in spring training went north only to suck canal water once they got there? Too many to count. Spring training is not real baseball. People want their dessert before dinner, I get that. But you tell me that you wouldn't do exactly the same thing. From a business standpoint, you'd have to be a stone cold fool to do anything different. And it IS also in the interests of the fans. You can have your cake and ice cream now or you can wait 12 stinking days and have it for an extra year. I'm for waiting the 12 days and getting the extra year. I'm sure it will be a subject of conversation at the CBA talks. Make a service year a service year, period–one day=a full year. But, even if that were the rule, I'd still rather be cautious.
Does it bother me that Josh Hamilton didn't get suspended for recreational drug use? Not in the least. Its not that I don't care what happens to Josh. I most certainly do. But society is, right now, in the process of re-examining what is and what isn't a harmful drug. I can't speak on cocaine, but should a player be suspended for marijuana use when that drug is now legal for recreational use in two states and for medical use in a whole bunch more? I don't think so. Alcohol is far more dangerous than canabis, as are most every prescription drug and the crap trainers routinely shoot up ballplayers with. And Josh's problems are medical. He should be treated like anyone with an illness. Put him on the DL, if you think its warranted. Do I care that MLB would've preferred a suspension? Nah. They're just wrong. A suspension is for discipline. And discipline does NOT move an addict in the direction you'd like. It would be far more likely to push him in the other direction. That's why the arbitrator got it right. Besides, suspend him and you're likely to look at a challenge that could take down the monopoly exemption once and for all (not that that's a bad thing).
Do I care about the poverty wages in the minor leagues. Yeah, that I do. That's why minor leaguers need a union. They also need a second job and there's nothing wrong with that.
But its not as if what's happening in baseball is any different than in any other workplace (or any different than baseball, itself, historically). The owners are always going to squeeze as much blood from a stone as they can. And baseball players are going to have to fight to get their due. And, yes, at its core, the next labor dispute will be about dollars and cents. Me, I'd be fighting for lifetime health care coverage, since it is the athlete's body and health that is being traded. But that's still about dollars and cents. That's what everything boils down to, eventually. At least major leaguers have a union, which most regular folks do not (and most definitely need). Thank GOD for Curt Flood and Marvin Miller.
None of it detracts from opening day and the promise of the season ahead. Especially not for Mets fans. Why, its gotten so that even the Wilpon haters are having trouble finding things to criticize about the team. Oh, they do. They're committed to it. But its not as easy for them as it used to be. The Mets are right where I said they'd be now when Alderson took over. They'll be competitive this year. They may snag a Wild Card or they may fall just short. Next year, though, to paraphrase that great Indians catcher Jake Taylor, they're going win the whole freakin' thing. Grab yer popcorn and Cracker Jack, the Mets are gonna be Amazin' once again.


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Binna Burra Rock climbing22 routes in crag
Did you know?
Did you know that you can create an account to record, track and share your climbing ascents? Thousands of climbers are already doing this.
Stats and downloads
Get directions to here using Google Maps.
Binna Burra is a private piece of land and a lodge located in Lamington National Park in the Gold Coast Hinterland.
Access issues
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Binna Burra lodge has luxury accommodation on the mountain.
Check out what is happening in Binna Burra.


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|19 Feb 2008
|Filing date
|10 Jan 2004
|Priority date
|10 Jan 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|M. Samy Abdou
|Original Assignee
|Abdou M Samy
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (18), Non-Patent Citations (2), Referenced by (35), Classifications (15), Legal Events (2)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present application claims priority to co-pending U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/439,030 filed on Jan. 10, 2003, and is a continuation-in-part of co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/683,325 filed on Oct. 10, 2003, each of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention is directed at skeletal plating systems, components thereof, and method of implant placement. These systems are used to adjust, align and maintain the spatial relationship(s) of adjacent bones or bony fragments during healing and fusion after surgical reconstruction of skeletal segments. Such systems may be comprised of bone distraction devices, skeletal plates, bone screws and/or bone cables, bone screw-to-plate locking mechanisms, and any additional instruments needed for implant placement.
2. Related Art
Whether for degenerative disease, traumatic disruption, infection or neoplastic invasion, surgical reconstructions of the bony skeleton are common procedures in current medical practice. Regardless of anatomical region or the specifics of the reconstructive procedure, many surgeons employ an implantable skeletal plate to adjust, align and maintain the spatial relationship(s) of adjacent bones or bony fragments during postoperative healing. These plates are generally attached to the bony elements using bone screws or similar fasteners and act to share the load and support the bone as osteosynthesis progresses.
Available plating systems used to fixate the cervical spine possess several shortcomings in both design and implantation protocols. These plates are manufactured and provided to the surgeon in a range of sizes that vary by a fixed amount. This mandates that a large number of different size plates must be made and inventoried—adding to cost for manufacturer, vendor, and end user (hospitals). More importantly, the pre-manufactured sizes may not precisely fit all patients forcing surgeons to choose between a size too small or too large.
Plates used to attach three or more vertebrae after removal of two or more discs are manufactured with an equal distance between screw holes in the vertical plane. For example, the distance between the pair of C3 (cervical bone #3) and the pair of C4 (cervical bone #4) screws is equal to the distance between the C4 and C5 (cervical bone #5) screws as well as the distance between the C5 and C6 (cervical bone #6) screws and so forth. This not only ignores the known anatomical difference in size between bones at different levels but also fails to anticipate that a patient's unique pathology may require more extensive bony resection at one or more levels, further adding to these differences. Thus, selection of a plate with a suitable total length may still produce improper fit at one or more levels.
Current cervical plates are not modular, and will not permit addition of one plate to another for extension of the bony fusion at a future date. It is accepted that fusion of a specific spinal level will increase the load on, and the rate of degeneration of, the spinal segments immediately above and below the fused level. As the number of spinal fusion operations have increased, so have the number of patients who require extension of their fusion to adjacent levels. Currently, the original plate must be removed and replaced with a longer plate in order to fixate the additional fusion segment. This surgical procedure necessitates re-dissection through the prior, scarred operative field and substantially increases the operative risk to the patient. Further, since mis-alignment of the original plate along the vertical axis of the spine is common, proper implantation of the replacement plate often requires that the new bone screws be placed in different bone holes. The empty holes that result may act as stress concentration points within the vertebral bodies, as would any empty opening or crack within a rigid structural member, and lead to bone fracture and subsequent screw/plate migration.
Current plates may provide fixation that is too rigid. Since bone re-absorption at the bone/graft interface is the first phase of bone healing, fixation that is too rigid will not permit the bone fragments to settle and re-establish adequate contact after initial bone absorption. This process is known as "stress shielding" and will lead to separation of the bony fragments and significantly reduce the likelihood of bony fusion. Unsuccessful bone fusion may lead to construct failure and will frequently necessitate surgical revision with a second operative procedure.
Benzel (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,681,312, and 5,713,900) and Foley (Pat. Applic. Pub. No. US2001/0047172A1) have independently proposed plating systems designed to accommodate bone settling. In either system, however, bony subsidence can be expected to cause one end of the plate to migrate towards an adjacent, normal disc space. This is highly undesirable since, with progressive subsidence, the plate may overlap the disc space immediately above or below the fused segments and un-necessarily limit movement across a normal disc space. Clearly, accommodation of bone settling at the plate's end is a sub-optimal solution.
Yuan et al described a multi-segmental plate consisting of two sliding parts in U.S. Pat. No. 5,616,142. While intended to be absorbable, this design may permit excessive play between the sliding segment and encourage bone screw loosening. In addition, this device does not permit application and maintenance of a compressive force across the bony construct. Baccelli noted these deficiencies in U.S. Pat. No. 6,306,136 and proposed a rigid plate capable of maintaining bony compression. However, the latter plate did not permit subsidence.
The implantation procedures of conventional plates in prior art practice have additional shortcomings. Distraction screws are used during disc removal and subsequent bone work and these screws are removed prior to bone plate placement. The empty bone holes created by removal of the distraction screws can interfere with proper placement of the bone screws used to anchor the plate and predispose to poor plate alignment along the long axis of the spine. This is especially problematic since the surgical steps that precede plate placement will distort the anatomical landmarks required to ensure proper plate alignment, leaving the surgeons with little guidance during plate implantation. For these reasons, bone plates are frequently placed "crooked" in the vertical plane and often predispose to improper bony alignment. Correct plate placement in the vertical plane is especially important in plates intended to accommodate bony subsidence, since the plate preferentially permits movement along its long axis. Thus, when the vertical axis of the plate and that of the spine are not properly aligned, the plate will further worsen the bony alignment as the vertebral bones subside.
The empty bone holes left by the removal of the distraction screws also act as stress concentration points within the vertebral bodies, as would any empty opening or crack within a rigid structural member, and predispose them to bone fracture and subsequent screw/plate migration. Improper plate placement and bony fractures can significantly increase the likelihood of construct failure and lead to severe chronic pain, neurological injury, and the need for surgical revision with a second procedure.
In view of the proceeding, it would be desirable to design an improved bone plating system and placement protocol. The new device should provide ease of use, reliable bone fixation, adjustable length, modular design, and the ability to accommodate and control bone settling. The design should also maximize the likelihood of proper plate placement and avoid maneuvers that weaken the vertebral bodies. No current plating system addresses all of these concerns. Therefore, what is needed is a system and method that overcomes these significant problems found in the conventional systems as described above.
The present invention is that of a modular bone plate of adjustable length. The current invention provides a bone plate that permits maintenance of a compression force while also accommodating bony subsidence, among other features. A modular distraction screw is used for the bone work, including fusion, prior to plate placement. The distraction screw is placed as the first step of surgery when all relevant landmarks are still intact. After completion of the bone work, a proximal end of the distraction screw is detached, leaving a distal segment still implanted in the vertebral bodies above and below the newly fused disc space. The plate is guided to proper position along the upper and lower vertebra by the attached distal segments. The distal segments of the distraction screws are tightened onto the plate and the plate is held stationary while bone screws are placed.
The distal segments act as an anchor to guide the bone plate into the correct placement position and serve to hold the plate stationary while the plate's bone screws are placed. Since the distraction screws were placed with intact surgical landmarks, use of the distal segments to guide the plate significantly increases the likelihood of proper plate placement. In addition, the distal segments of the distraction screws serve as additional points of fixation for the plate and leave no empty bone holes which give rise to stress concentration points that further weaken the vertebral bodies.
After the plate is attached to the upper and lower vertebras, the plate is set to the desired length and the two segments are locked together. If application of a compressive force is desired, the plate can be used to maintain the force across the vertebral bodies by simply locking the plate segments after applying compression. Occasionally, surgeons are confronted with a grossly unstable spine from the patient's unique pathology and choose to forgo subsidence in favor of a more fixed and rigid construct. In these situations, plate placement is essentially complete and requires no further steps. More commonly, subsidence is desired and release of a second locking screw permits the plate to accommodate bony subsidence. Unlike current plating systems which provide either a rigid plate or one capable of subsidence, the current invention permits either option by the simple turn of one screw. Further, when subsidence is chosen, this plate will not overlap the adjacent disc space with bone movement, since subsidence is accommodated at the level of settling bone and not at the plate's end.
Extension of the fusion at a later date is easily accomplished without plate removal. An adapter is placed at either end of the plate that can couple with either a modified distraction screw or an additional bone plate. Fusion extension is started by connecting a modified distraction screw to the coupler at-the end of the plate immediately adjacent to the disc to be removed. A modular distraction screw is inserted into the adjacent vertebra and a discectomy and subsequent fusion are performed within the intervening disc space. After completion of the bone work, the modified distraction screw is removed leaving the bare coupler on the end of the plate. The proximal segment of the distraction screw is also removed leaving the distal segment attached to the adjacent vertebral body. An extension plate is used to span the space between the distal segment of the distraction screw on the adjacent vertebra and the end-coupler on the original plate. In this way, the fusion is extended and the newly fused segment is fixated without removal of the original plate. Further, the end-coupler can used to correct for any improper ("crooked") placement of the original plate by rotating the extension plate into the true vertical.
The preceding discussion has focused on removal of one disc with fusion and plate fixation of the vertebral bodies above and below the evacuated disc space. However, "multi-level" procedures (that is, removal of two or more discs and fusion of three or more bones) can also be addressed with this system. Removal of two or more discs is accomplished by the step-wise removal of individual discs until all pathological levels have been addressed. Modular distraction screws may be used at each vertebral level if desired, but their use is required only at the upper and lower-most vertebras while conventional distraction screws can be used at all intervening levels. After completion of the bone work, the proximal segments of the distraction screws are removed leaving the distal segments attached to the upper and lower-most vertebral bodies. Regardless of the type of distraction screw used at the other levels, that screw is completely removed after the completion of the bone work. The empty bone holes left at these intervening level are far less important than those produced at the upper and lower-most vertebra, since the latter share a disproportionate share of the load.
In one embodiment of the present invention, plates used for multi-level procedures will have an expandable/subsidence mechanism overlying each disc space that is fused. The plate is guided to proper position along the upper-most and lower-most vertebra by the attached distal segments—as described above for single level procedures. The distal segments of the distraction screws are tightened onto the plate and the plate is held stationary while bone screws are placed into the upper and lower-most vertebras. In this way, the plate is fixed at each end. Depending on surgeon preference, fixation of the intervening vertebral levels may be started from either end of the plate. For illustration, fixation will be started inferiorly. The plate segment intended to fixate the vertebra immediately superior to the lower-most vertebra is moved into optimal position. The sliding mechanism between this segment and the plate segment attached to the lower-most vertebra is then locked, fixing these two segments together. Bone screws can then be easily and rapidly placed into the vertebra immediately superior to the lower-most vertebra. The process is repeated at each of the remaining vertebra. If compression is desired across the construct, it's applied across the upper and lower-most vertebras prior to placement of the bone screws into any of the intervening vertebra. Compression is maintained until all the vertebra have been fixed to the plate. Once all sliding mechanisms have been locked, the compression device may be released and the force will be maintained by the plate. If a rigid construct/plate is desired, then plate placement is complete. However, if subsidence is needed, the (subsidence) locking screw is opened at each level where bone subsidence is desired. In this way, this plate design permits the surgeon to choose the exact vertebral levels to fixed rigidly and those level that will be allowed to accommodate subsidence. Further, it permits the distance between the bone screws at different levels to be custom fit for the individual patient. These features are not shared by any currently available plating system.
In other embodiments, multi-level plates will be designed without a sliding/subsidence mechanism at every level. Instead, one or more sliding/subsidence mechanism(s) will be used to affect two or more levels by use of a slotted borehole configuration between levels. At each end, however, the plate will remain rigidly fixed to bone. In this way, subsidence continues to be accommodated at the level of bony movement and the plate remains stationary at each end.
All embodiments of the multi-level plates will preferentially, but not necessarily, contain central channels to accommodate the distal segment of the modular distraction screw and end-couplers so that extension of the fusion at a future date remains possible.
In other embodiments of the present invention, additional plate design, different locking mechanisms, and alternative end couplers are shown and described. Other embodiments, in addition to those illustrated, can also be used.
The plating systems described in the present invention provide ease of use, reliable bone fixation, adjustable length, modular design, and the ability to accommodate and control bone settling. These designs will also maximize the likelihood of proper plate placement, avoid maneuvers that weaken the vertebral bodies, and provide a significant advantage over the current and prior art. These and other features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the embodiments and certain modifications thereof when taken with the accompanying drawings.
The details of the present invention, both as to its structure and operation, may be gleaned in part by study of the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals refer to like parts, and in which:
Certain embodiments as disclosed herein provide for a modular bone distraction screw and a modular bone fixation plate with an adjustable length to accommodate bone settling. For example, one plating system disclosed herein allows for compression to be set during placement of the plate and also allows subsidence of the bone while maintaining the initial compression.
After reading this description it will become apparent to one skilled in the art how to implement the invention in various alternative embodiments and alternative applications. However, although various embodiments of the present invention will be described herein, it is understood that these embodiments are presented by way of example only, and not limitation. As such, this detailed description of various alternative embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope or breadth of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.
Head 122 is circular with hollow central bore 1220. The upper aspect 1222 of the circular head is of uniform diameter but the lower portion 1223 of the head is of progressively greater diameter such that the head has a sloping side wall below edge 1224. Threads 1225 are located within bore 1220 and are complementary to threads 128 of deployable member 136. Head 122 has a plurality of slots 1226 which are engageable by projections 1322 of the distal aspect of elongated body 132, as shown in
Deployable member 136 is advanced through bore 134 to engage distal segment 120 with the coupling of the complimentary threads 128 and 1225. The proximal head 1362 of member 136 permits application of rotational force to deployable member 136 (as shown in
The coupled proximal segment 130 and distal segment 120 employing the above-described means of engagement provide a modular distraction screw. When fully assembled, the screw functions as a unitary device. In a surgical application, a wrench (not shown) is attached to the tool attachment portion 180 of elongated member 132 (
After the distraction screw is used to perform the bone work, the proximal segment 130 is detached from distal segment 120. The distraction screw is disassembled into its components by applying a rotational force to head 1362 of member 136 in a direction opposite (usually counter-clock wise) to that required for screw assembly (usually clock-wise). The distal segment is held stationary while threads 128 and 1225 are disengaged by applying a counter force to distal segment 120 using the proximal portion 180 of the elongated body 132. In this way, the proximal segment 130 is removed leaving the distal segment 120 attached (implanted) to the bone structure.
As implanted, the distal segment 120 provides enhanced structural integrity of the bone by reducing the stress concentration generally expected of an empty opening in a structural member. In addition, leaving the distal segment 120 attached to bone eliminates the robust bone bleeding encountered after removal of current, commercially-available distraction screws and obviates the need to fill the empty hole with a hemostatic agent.
The distal segment 120 also provides a point of anchoring for a skeletal plate and help insure proper plate placement. Since placement of the distraction screws is performed as the first step in the surgical procedure, the anatomical landmarks required to ensure proper alignment of the plate in the desired anatomical plane are still intact.
Alternatively, a conventional one-piece distraction can be used to distract the vertebra during discectomy. After the bone work is finished, the conventional distraction screw is removed leaving an empty bone hole. A distal segment 120 is placed into the empty bone hole and provides an anchor point for the skeletal plate.
The plate segments 10 and 20 may be curved in either the vertical or horizontal plane in order to conform to the shape of the bone it is designed to fixate. For example, plates designed to attach onto the anterior aspect of the cervical spine are preferentially, but not necessarily, convex in both the vertical and horizontal planes. Further, the plate surface immediately adjacent to the bone surface may contain one or more horizontal indentations 1200 in order to permit the placement of additional curvature in the vertical plane.
The plating system or any of its components can be made of any biologically adaptable or compatible materials. Materials considered acceptable for biological implantation are well known and include, but are not limited to, stainless steel, titanium, combination metallic alloys, various plastics, resins, ceramics, biologically absorbable materials and the like. It would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that any system component can be made of any materials acceptable for biological implantation and capable of withstanding the torque required for insertion and the load encountered during use. Any components may be further coated/made with osteo-conductive (such as deminerized bone matrix, hydroxyapatite, and the like) and/or osteo-inductive (such as Transforming Growth Factor "TGF-B, " Platelet-Derived Growth Factor "PDGF," Bone-Morphogenic Protein "BMP," and the like) bio-active materials that promote bone formation. Further, any instrument or device used in implant placement may be made from any non-toxic material capable of withstanding the load encountered during use. Materials used in these instruments need not be limited to those acceptable for implantation, since these devices function to deliver the implatable segments but are not, in themselves, implanted.
As shown in
Plate segment 10 has three projections, consisting of two side projections 1140, 1160 and a central projection 1150. Two indentations 1180 and 1190 are formed between these three projections. The inside wall of each projection 1140 and 1160 contain indentations 1142 and 1162, respectively. While depicted as "V" shaped, these indentations may be made of any geometric configurations including, but not limited, square, oval, circular, and hybrid designs which are complimentary to the sliding portion of the other plate segment 20. The central projection 1150 has a partial thickness middle segment 1152 and two full side walls 1154. An opening 1156 with internal threads 1158 is provided on segment 1152. The top surface of middle segment 1152 is preferentially textured so as to permit superior contact with the undersurface of the complementary plate component.
The other end portion of the plate segment 10 has a projection 1170, which is preferentially, but not necessarily, position in the midline of the plate segment. The projection has a central hole 1172 with threads 1174. Spines 1176 may be placed along the top of the projection to mate with complimentary spines on the add-on attachments, as shown in
Sliding plate segment 20 has two projections 240, 260 and central connection 250. Projection 240 has an extension 242 which is complementary to indentations 1142 of projections 1140. Likewise, projection 260 has an extension 262 that is adapted to be received by indentations 1162 of projection 1160. Projections 240 and 260 may be of any geometric configuration and cross-section including, but not limited, square, oval, circular, truncated triangular, modified rectangular and hybrid designs that are complimentary to the corresponding sliding portions of the segment 10. Further, projections 240 and 260 may be of differing designs that are complimental to projections 1140 and 1160. The central connection 250 has a partial thickness middle segment 252 and two side walls 254. An opening 256 with internal threads 258 is located on segment 252. Openings 256 and 1156 may be aligned with the direction of bone subsidence.
On its opposite end, plate segment 20 has a partial thickness projection 270 that is preferentially, but not necessarily, in the midline of the plate. Projection 270 has a central hole 272 with threads 274. Spines 276 may be placed along the top of the projection to mate with complimentary spines of the add-on attachments. These spines may be placed on any one or combination of surfaces adjacent projection 270. These surfaces may be textured or left smooth.
Projections 1150 and 250 of sliding plate segment 10 and 20 respectively may be of equal or different lengths. When unequal, central projection 1150 is made longer than projection 250 as a matter of preference. (Alternatively, the longer projection may be placed within segment 20.) The longer channel 320 of segment 30 engages the longer central projection (element 1150 of segment 10) by screw 41 while the shorter channel 310 engages the shorter central projection (element 250 of segment 20) by screw 40.
The bone screws and the screw for the coupler segment 30 may be of any of the many well known designs considered acceptable for implant attachment to the bony skeleton and made from any material intended for biological implantation.
As an option, any portion of the plating segments may be made of radiolucent materials (such as PEEK, PEAK, and the like) so that unfettered x-ray examination of the underlying bone can be performed in the post-operative period. Thus, projections 1150, 250 and segment 30 can be made from radiolucent materials so as to provide a window for x-ray examination of the bone without decreasing the overall strength of the plate.
After completion of the bone work and detachment of the proximal portions of the distraction screws, the distal segments are left attached to the vertebra above and below the newly fused disc space. The bone plate is fully assembled before implantation. Screw 40 is fully seated at the outside edge 312 of channel 310 so that plate segment 20 and coupler segment 30 are fixed relative to one another. However, screw 41 is partially seated on the outside edge 320 of channel 320 so that plate segment 10 and coupler segment 30 are free to slide relative to each other. Slot 1130 and 230 are aligned with the distal segments 120 which are implemented on the bone structure following bone work upon which the heads 122 of distal segments 120 are snapped into the slots. As the head 122 spring back, the plate segments are held between the screw heads 122 and the underlying bone 2 and 4.
If the plate is poorly positioned because of bony irregularity, it can be removed to permit additional bone work.
Once the plate segments are set to the desired length, screw 41 is tightened. If desired, compression can be placed across the bony construct and maintained with closure of screw 41. The inferior surface of segment 30 around the longer channel 320 and the superior surface of projection 1150 is preferentially, but not necessarily, textured so as to promote greater frictional contact between segments 10 and 30. At this point, the plate is rigid. If accommodation of bony subsidence is desired, screw 40 is unlocked, permitting movement of segments 20 towards each other as bone settling occurs. The extent of subsidence permitted is governed by the length of channel 310.
Extension of the fusion at a future date can be easily accomplished without plate removal. Incorporation of the vertebral body immediately above or below into the fusion mass is started by placement of a modular distraction screw 110 into that adjacent vertebra. A modified distraction screw is used to engage the end-coupler of the existing plate as shown in
Adjacent to distal end 516 of elongated body 510, spines are placed which are adaptable to compliment and engage with spines 270 and 1176 of end coupler 270 and 1170 respectively. The spines may be placed on any surfaces of the distal portion 516 of the elongated body 510 or both. Threads 532 of deployable member 530 are engageable to threads 1174 of end coupler 1170 or threads 274 of end coupler 270, thus firmly affixing the modified distraction screw to the plate. The modified distraction screw and the modular distraction screw previously affixed to the adjacent vertebra are used to distract the vertebral bodies, permitting work on the intervening disc space. When the discectomy and subsequent bone work are finished, the modular distraction screw is separated leaving the distal segment attached to vertebral body. The modified distraction screw is removed leaving a bare end-coupler. A separate plate is used to span the distance between the distal segment and the end coupler. In this way, the fusion is readily extended to an adjacent level.
Occasionally, placement of the plating segments might result in the end coupler being too close to the adjacent disc space such that placement of the modified distraction screw onto the coupler could hinder surgical access to the disc space.
A further embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in
Each of the plate segments 140 and 150 possess two boreholes to accommodate bone fasteners, a central channel to couple with distal segment 120 of the modular distraction screw and an end-coupler.
A sliding end portion 80 of plate segment 140 is formed by two side projections 840, 860 and a central opening 850. Projection 840 is an extension of the plate segment 80 with side indentation 842. Indentation 842 may be made of any geometric configurations including, but not limited, square, oval, circular, and hybrid designs which is complimentary to wall 942 of projection 940 of plate segment 150. Projection 860 has a top wall 862, a side wall 864 and an inferior wall 866. Preferably, both top and side walls are straight while the inferior wall is triangular. One of ordinary skill in the art would recognize that any geometric configurations may be used for the walls of projection 860 as long as they compliment the interacting surface of slide portion 90 of plate segment 50. Top surface of wall 862 has opening 8620 which is key-hole shaped and composed of a larger, full thickness circular opening 8622 at one end and a partial thickness, slot 8624. The inferior surface of wall 862 has a partial thickness channel with opening 8622 at one end and a channel 8626. The latter is set beneath slot 8624, is of the same length as slot 8624 and of the same width as the diameter of opening 8622.
As shown in
Plate segments 140 and 150 are coupled in assembly with channel 9465 and opening 8620 overlapping each other by a suitable coupler means. Coupler means incorporates a bolt element 96, which comprises a screw 960 and locking nut 980. Screw 960 has head 962 which is preferably square or hex shaped and fits snuggly beneath ridge 9466 and within channel 9465. The thickness of head 962 is sufficiently thin so as not to extent beyond the inferior surface of projection 9464. Shank 964 of screw 960 is circular and fits within the channel formed at the level of ridge 9466. The shank has a flat end and total length greater than the thickness of projection 9464 but less than the combined thickness of projection 9464 and channel 8626. Shank 964 also has threads 966 (not depicted) which engages nut 980. Nut 980 has a central full thickness bore 982 with threads 984 (not depicted) adapted to compliment and engage threads 966. The threads may be of any available and recognized thread design. Nut 980 fits snuggly within opening 8622 of segment 140, but has diameter greater than that of channel 8624. Preferably, the top surface of nut 980 has indentations 986 which can be engaged by the driving tool.
As shown in the drawings, each of the plate segments of the present invention have two boreholes to accommodate bone fasteners, a central channel to couple with distal segment 120 of the modular distraction screw and an end-coupler. These features have been described above and will not be illustrated further.
The plating system of the present invention can be applied, by way of a multilevel plating configuration to fixate three or more bones after the removal of two or more discs. As in the embodiments previously illustrated for single level plate, "multilevel" plates may be curved in either the vertical or horizontal plane, may contain one or more horizontal indentations in order to permit the placement of additional curvature in the vertical plane, and may be made of any biologically adaptable or compatible materials. Each of the upper and lower ends of the plates will contain two boreholes to accommodate bone fasteners, a central slot to anchor the distal segment 120 of the modular distraction screw and an end-coupler to accommodate possible modular extension of the fusion at a later date.
With the exception of the two ends, a segment 300 with two full thickness bore holes is placed between each of the sliding portions. These boreholes may be oriented in the true vertical plane or form an angle with the vertical. The boreholes will be angled towards each other in the plate's short axis (horizontal plane) and form a right angle with the body of the plate in the long axis (vertical plane). The top opening of the boreholes may be flush with the plate surface or may be recessed. The distance between the boreholes may also vary depending on the requirement of plate application and design.
Removal of two or more discs is accomplished by the step-wise removal of individual discs until all pathological levels have been addressed. Modular distraction screws may be used at each vertebral level if desired, but their use is required only at the upper and lower-most vertebras while conventional distraction screws can be used at all intervening levels. After completion of the bone work, the proximal segments of the distraction screws are removed leaving the distal segments attached to the upper and lower-most vertebral bodies. At other disc levels, the distraction screw can be completely removed after the completion of the bone work.
The plate is guided to proper position along the upper-most and lower-most vertebra by the attached distal segments—as described above for single level procedures. The distal segments of the distraction screws are tightened onto the plate after selection of optimal bone screw position. In this way, the plate is held stationary while the bone screws are placed into the upper and lower-most vertebras and the plate is fixed at each end. Depending on surgeon preference, fixation of the intervening vertebral levels may be started from either end of the plate. For illustration, fixation will be started inferiorly. The plate segment intended to fixate the vertebra immediately superior to the lower-most vertebra is moved into a desired position. The sliding mechanism between this segment and the plate segment attached to the lower-most vertebra is then locked. Once these segments are immobilized, bone screws are placed into the vertebra immediately superior to the lower-most vertebra. The process is repeated at each of the remaining vertebra. If compression is desired across the construct, it's applied across the upper and lower-most vertebras prior to placement of the bone screws into any of the intervening vertebra. Compression is maintained until all the vertebras have been fixed to the plate. Once all sliding mechanisms have been locked, the compression device may be released and the force will be maintained by the plate.
Alternatively, one or more sliding mechanisms can be used to accommodate boney subsidence at two or more fused levels. This is accomplished by using a slotted borehole between levels.
While the particular systems and methods herein shown and described in detail are fully capable of attaining the above described objects of this invention, it is to be understood that the description and drawings presented herein represent a presently preferred embodiment of the invention and are therefore representative of the subject matter which is broadly contemplated by the present invention. It is further understood that the scope of the present invention fully encompasses other embodiments that may become obvious to those skilled in the art and that the scope of the present invention is accordingly limited by nothing other than the appended claims.
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|Bone plate with a transfixation screw hole
|9 Nov 2006
|31 May 2007
|Abdou M S
|Bone fixation systems and methods of implantation
|18 Jan 2006
|26 Jul 2007
|Ralph James D
|Adjustable bone plate
|4 Sep 2007
|6 Mar 2008
|Abdou M S
|Bone screw systems and methods of use
|2 Nov 2006
|8 May 2008
|Warsaw Orthopedic Inc.
|Uni-directional ratcheting bone plate assembly
|5 Jun 2009
|10 Dec 2009
|Alphatec Spine, Inc.
|Modular anterior locking interbody cage
|30 Nov 2009
|25 Mar 2010
|Abdou M Samy
|Plating system for bone fixation and method of implantation
|12 Nov 2009
|13 May 2010
|Abdou M Samy
|Occipital fixation system and method of use
|23 Feb 2010
|17 Jun 2010
|Ralph James D
|Adjustable bone plate
|24 Feb 2009
|26 Aug 2010
|Osteomed L.P.
|Multiple Bone Fusion Plate
|23 Apr 2010
|16 Sep 2010
|K2M, Inc.
|Dynamic cervical plate
|28 Apr 2009
|28 Oct 2010
|Osteomed L.P.
|Bone Plate with a Transfixation Screw Hole
|28 May 2010
|9 Dec 2010
|Samy Abdou
|Devices and methods for dynamic fixation of skeletal structure
|10 Dec 2009
|23 Dec 2010
|Ralph James D
|Adjustable bone plate
|22 Feb 2013
|21 Jul 2015
|Nuvasive, Inc.
|Bone plate
|22 Feb 2013
|26 Apr 2016
|Nuvasive, Inc.
|Bone plate
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|19 Aug 2011
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|19 Aug 2015
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
While Stocks Last, we have a special offer on Granite Tops. This offer is only available in Dublin and adjoining counties.
Special Offer - €825 including VAT
The Minerva Original 3-in-1 tap provides hot, cold and 100°C boiling water. Safety is assured with a two-step safety handle, while fully insulated spout and handle ensures that they both stay cool to the touch.


text:
Washington, DC (PressExposure) August 18, 2009 -- San Diego web design Company is a company that is able to get you the attention you deserve. They know that you are an important person and that everything you do is valuable to the world. Your work, your views, your perspectives even your presence is this world are all important and has a function. You have a place in the world and that is to exist. Your actions will shape the world simply because you have done it. Why should you hide this truth when there are people who will be benefitted by your actions?
When you donât get noticed people would not know about you and the actions that you do and the people that would have been benefitted will lose that chance. Every chance is an opportunity that should not be wasted because of the all the possibilities that could arise from it. Because of this opportunity, you might be able to change this world for the better, according to the ideal image of prosperity and development. Your thoughts might give rise to action and since action leads to change, there is a very good chance that this change will produce good results. Your advice can lead to the solution of problems that other people find hard to solve. Your perspectives and views can give light to a confused world that eats itself because of the confusion. There are a lot of other things that the world needs you for and it is only proper that you give out an answer. Answer the worldâs call for help. The world needs you.
The world needs you but because of the problems that arise there are times, and these times get more and more frequent, that the world does not see your worth. You get depressed and lonely; you feel down and just want to stay in your little corner as the world passes you by. You just do what is expected of you and lose out on the opportunity to express yourself. You lose the will to become yourself and get eaten by the system of assimilation and generalization. You join a world where every thing is common and every thing is the same. Is that the world that you dream of? It should not be because you have something to do. You must go out to the world and become you. You should expect the worldâs expectations of you and go beyond those expectations and become better. It will be up to you to stand up and get noticed and change the world with the things that you are able to do.
The internet is a medium that will allow you to do this and more. You can do so many things but these things will still not get you noticed. If you really want to get noticed, you should go and call San Diego web design and ask for their help. San Diego web design will be able to get you the attention that you need in order to help you to help the world.


text: Hello fellow Android users. My name is Ateeb and im new to the android system, i just bought a HTC Hero. I like it, never had a smart phone its my first. Sooo much stuff to do on the phone, cant really say im bored anymore. See you guys on the forums.


text:
The best-laid plans of Oogieloves and men often go awry.
"Oogieloves in the BIG Balloon Adventure" — a G-rated children's movie from the man who helped popularize the "Teletubbies" in the U.S. — hit theaters Aug. 31 and immediately proceeded to gross $445,000 during its first three days of domestic release, according to the BoxOfficeMojo website.
Earning $445,000 is a problem, you see, because "Oogieloves" played on more than 2,100 screens across the country.
Robert Johnson of the San Antonio Express-News reported, "No film opening that widely — 2,160 screens means it played at almost every multiplex in North America — had (ever) earned less than $2 million."
"It was pretty obvious that 'Oogieloves in the BIG Balloon Adventure' wasn't going to do well, but no one expected it to open this low," BoxOfficeMojo's Robert Johnson said. "The movie earned an estimated $445,000 from 2,160 locations (on its opening) weekend; that tops 2008's 'Delgo' ($511,920) for the worst debut ever for a movie in more than 2,000 theaters. It also (averaged) just $206. To put that in perspective, if each location played 'Oogieloves' five times a day on one screen at an average ticket price of $7, that would translate to fewer than two people per showing."
"A sluggish summer for Hollywood came to a close with a movie that earned the dubious distinction of the worst opening of all time," Erica Orden of the Wall Street Journal lamented.9 comments on this story
In anticipation of the release of "Oogieloves," the New York Times Magazine published a profile Friday of Kenn Viselman, the creative force behind the film. "As the marketing strategist who helped popularize the 'Thomas the Tank Engine' and 'Teletubbies' franchises in the United States, Viselman has achieved something close to legendary status in the toy-licensing world," Heather Harvrilesky wrote for the Times. "Now he has set his sights on making the local multiplex toddler-friendly. 'Millions of young kids go to movies in America, but there isn't a movie for them,' Viselman says, arguing that fast-paced, pop-reference-packed PG movies like 'Madagascar' and 'KungFuPanda' are too sarcastic and violent for children under (seven)."
UPDATE on Sept. 10: During its second weekend of wide release, Sept. 7-9, "Oogieloves" earned $43,854 while playing in 281 theaters — for an average of $156 per theater. To date the film has grossed $1.03 million at the domestic box office, meaning the movie will need to sell an awful lot of DVDs if it's going to come close to covering its $20 million in production costs.
J.G. Askar is a graduate of BYU's J. Reuben Clark Law School and member of the Utah State Bar. Contact him at email@example.com or 801-236-6051.


text:
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Happy Birthday Card
Thank you for being a part of the Paper Wishes family!
Thank you for your purchase, we want to give you a little treat to say thanks for being a part of the Paper Wishes family. Please enjoy this free project idea, created by our very own Laura Nicholas. This original card design is available to Paper Wishes customers like youits our way of thanking you for being with us!
Paulette Jarvey
Owner, Paper Wishes
Happy Birthday Card
By Laura Nicholas
|Laura Nicholas
Click to Enlarge
Click to Enlarge
Special Offer: You can get the supplies to make this this Foil Birthday Card and save- both items are yours for $22.39
- Blue Stripe Foil
- Tiny Flowers Foil
- Fold-Back Swirls Template
- Snowflakes & Stars Template
- Bright Brad Pack
- White Cards & Envelopes
- 3-D Foam Squares Variety Pack
- Medium Zots™
- StazOn Ink Pad, Timber Brown
- Navy and white cardstock
- Light blue paper
- Red grosgrain ribbon
- brown pen
- Computer font, Century Gothic
- Cut the navy cardstock to 5"x6 1/2". Cut the light blue paper to 4"x6 1/4", ink the edges and glue to cardstock. Cut a 1 1/2"x6 1/4" strip of the striped foil paper and glue to the bottom of the blue. Add pen stitching to the blue paper.
- Cover the seam of the papers with ribbon and tuck the ends behind the blue. Tie a bow and glue dot to the ribbon. Add mini brads to the corners of the papers and glue to the front of the card.
- Trace and cut out 3 snowflakes using the small flower foil paper and fold into the snowflake shape. Trace and cut out 3 flowers from the Fold-Back Swirls template using red paper. Fold and ink the edges. Add pen stitching and attach to the foil snowflakes with a mini brad.
- Cut out a snowflake shape using green paper. Cut apart to use for leaves and add pen stitching. Foam tape 2 flowers to the front of the card.
- Trace and cut out 4 small flowers using the Fold-Back Swirls template and yellow paper. Ink the edges and add pen stitching. Add red brads and foam tape 3 to the front of the card.
- Print a greeting onto white cardstock and trim. Ink the edges and mat with navy cardstock. Add pen stitching and glue tucked under the flowers.
- Inside the card: Cut the light blue paper to 2 3/4"x4 3/4" and add 1 1/2" strip of striped foil to the end. Wrap with ribbon and mat with navy cardstock. Add pen stitching around the edge of the light blue paper.
- Mat a greeting with navy cardstock and glue to the light blue paper. Add the folded foil flower and small yellow flower to the ribbon. Add mini brads to the corners and glue inside the card.


text:
FREE SHIPPING on orders of $85 or more
An excerpt from www.HouseOfNames.com archives copyright © 2000 - 2017
Anglo-Saxons of Britain first developed the name Bendbowe. It was a name given to someone who was a person employed as an archer which is derived from the Old English words bend, which means to bend, and bowe which means bow.
Bendbowe Early Origins
family seat from the Middle Ages.
Bendbowe Spelling Variations
Bendbowe Spelling Variations
Spelling variations in names were a common occurrence before English spelling was standardized a few hundred years ago. In the Middle Ages, even the literate spelled their names differently as the English language incorporated elements of French, Latin, and other European languages. Many variations of the name Bendbowe have been found, including Benbow, Bendbow, Benbowe, Bendbowe, Benbough, Bendebowe and many more.
Bendbowe Early History
Bendbowe Early History
This web page shows only a small excerpt of our Bendbowe research. Another 191 words (14 lines of text) covering the years 1349, 1440, 1545, 1585, 1607, 1623, 1653, 1653, 1702, 1702, 1883, 1681, 1708 and 1729 are included under the topic Early Bendbowe History in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
Bendbowe Early Notables (pre 1700)
Bendbowe Early Notables (pre 1700)
Distinguished members of the family include Rear-Admiral John Benbow (1653-1702), whose most famous exploit took place in August 1702 when he kept up a running fight for four days with a French squadron off St Marta in the West Indies after being deserted by most of his fleet, eponym of three...
Another 117 words (8 lines of text) are included under the topic Early Bendbowe Notables in all our PDF Extended History products and printed products wherever possible.
The Great Migration
The Great Migration
Families began migrating abroad in enormous numbers because of the political and religious discontent in England. Often faced with persecution and starvation in England, the possibilities of the New World attracted many English people. Although the ocean trips took many lives, those who did get to North America were instrumental in building the necessary groundwork for what would become for new powerful nations. Among the first immigrants of the name Bendbowe, or a variant listed above to cross the Atlantic and come to North America were: Ann Benbow who sailed to Virginia in 1652.
Bendbowe Family Crest Products
Bendbowe Family Crest Products
See Also
See Also
Other References
The Bendbowe Family Crest was acquired from the Houseofnames.com archives. The Bendbowe Family Crest was drawn according to heraldic standards based on published blazons. We generally include the oldest published family crest once associated with each surname.
This page was last modified on 11 September 2013 at 10:20.
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text:
White House Mansion
White House Mansion
This charming historic mansion is situated on 10 acres of land. It is located right off I-75. It has the beautiful country setting without the long drive. We offer both indoor and or outdoor weddings and receptions for 250-300 guests with flexible catering and liquor options. The average price for 100 pp for a Saturday evening ranges from $1850-$2500 depending on the season and dates.
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text:
Jacob and the Beard Of Stars - Volume 1. Ebook
Journey into the well
by Mark Robinson
Other versions of this book
Print Book
About the Ebook
Jacob is a thirteen-year-old boy with the weight of the world on his shoulders. In school Jacob is a bit of a swot, plus he hasn't grown up like the rest of his class mates have. His class mates have started shaving and growing marvellous moustaches. Jacob gets picked on for this and most nights goes home alone and upset. On the plus side, Jacob has his favourite comic book to comfort him, Might of the Medieval Volume 1. When walking home Jacob reads his comic and is taken into a new and magical world but on this evening his true adventure is about to begin.
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text:
In my .kitchen.yml, this works fine at 'kitchen converge':
suites: - name: default run_list: - recipe[one::default]
...so does:
suites: - name: default run_list: - recipe[one] - recipe[two::default]
...but if I write:
suites: - name: default run_list: - recipe[one] - recipe[two::something-other-than-default]
...then I get:
Recipe Compile Error
could not find recipe something-other-than-default for cookbook two
Its definitely present, perms correct... so nothing like that is an issue. And, I can see that the recipe I'm specifying is definitely present on the chef server itself.
Note that when starting the converge, I do see:
Starting Chef Client, version 12.17.44
resolving cookbooks for run list: ["one::default", "two::something-other-than-default"]
Synchronizing Cookbooks:
- one (1.1.0)
- two (1.1.0)
- chef-yum-docker (2.1.0)
- yum (4.1.0)
- compat_resource (12.16.2)
- chef_handler (2.1.0)
- chef-client (7.0.3)
- logrotate (2.1.0)
- windows (2.1.1)
- ohai (4.2.3)
- cron (3.0.0)
===Berksfile:source :chef_server
cookbook 'one'cookbook 'two'cookbook 'chef-yum-docker'cookbook 'yum'
depends 'chef-yum-docker', '> 2.0.0'depends 'yum'depends 'one'depends 'two'
Other info:chef --versionChef Development Kit Version: 1.1.16chef-client version: 12.17.44delivery version: master (83358fb62c0f711c70ad5a81030a6cae4017f103)berks version: 5.3.0kitchen version: 1.14.2
(last edit, I will reply from now on)This is just a private lab using Virtualbox... even though this fails, the machine is already created and I can, from within the kitchified VM, run 'chef-client -o two::something-other-than-default' - runs as expected. Again, just to confirm that the recipe is in fact, in the Chef server.
Thanks for any help you guys can provide!!
Hmm, hard to guess. What do you mean by "when starting the converge, I do see"? How do you start the converge?Did you try deleting you local cookbook cache rm -rf ~/.berkshelf/cookbooks? Maybe the same cookbook and version is cached there without the recipe and that causes the error. I would also try to do a complete kitchen destroy && rm -rf .kitchen && kitchen converge after deleting the cache, just to be sure to really start from scratch.
rm -rf ~/.berkshelf/cookbooks
kitchen destroy && rm -rf .kitchen && kitchen converge
Hey Joerg...What I mean is, 'kitchen converge' gave me the output that followed. It looks as though the cookbook is able to reconcile all necessary cookbooks, yet still returns 'cookbook not found' errors.
I took your advice and deleted ~/.berkshelf/cookbooks/ , ran kitchen destroy and removed .kitchen/. Then I ran kitchen converge.
I'm getting errors but they are SSL_connect errors and I think I can fix that, but I will definitely get back to you to let you know if your suggestion worked for me. Thanks for your help!!
Thanks Joerg,
I had a few other issues - the SSL problem with Berks, that I fixed with "echo '{"ssl":{"verify": false }}' > ~/.berkshelf/config.json", a couple of cookbooks had been renamed... so once I recognized those things, everything is working.
I'd call this 'resolved'.


text:
Marc Fennell is an Australian radio and tv presenter, interviewer, film critic, award-winning journalist, author and MC. He has worked with the likes of the ABC, BBC, Network Ten, Showtime, SBS, Foxtel, Monocle and Red Bull.
Marc Fennell is the anchor of SBS VICELAND's live nightly news show The Feed. Marc created and hosts the popular ABC RADIO media and tech programme Download This Show. He is the Creative Director of the not-for-profit Media Diversity Australia. Marc co-curated the inaugural Video Junkee 2017 a festival for lovers and creators of video.
For over a decade Marc has been Australia's most listened to film critic - better known to over 2 million triple j listeners as That Movie Guy. He is also the face of movies for SBS, introducing movies throughout the week and he hosted the largest short film festival in the world Tropfest 2014-2016
Marc has written two books: 2011's That Movie Book and 2015's Planet According To The Movies.
download this show
Marc created and presents ABC Radio National's award-winning Download This Show. It was voted Best New Podcast of 2012 by iTunes Australia and Best Audio programme in the 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 Lizzie IT Journalist Awards and winning the Gold Lizzie Award for Best Title in 2015. Download now also airs on ABC Local Radio, Radio Australia and on the ABC News Channel.
Marc's media career began when he won an AFI Outstanding Young Film Critics Award in high school. He soon got his broadcasting start as the film critic for Sydney radio station FBi 94.5. Marc was 19 years old when he was hired to present DVD reviews for SBS's rebooted version of The Movie Show in 2004. He was soon recruited to the ABC's national youth broadcaster triple j to present film content across it's radio, television and print arms.
Marc later became a presenter and producer for all 3 seasons of ABC1's ground-breaking Hungry Beast under Executive Producer Andrew Denton. Marc investigated digital media, popular culture, gaming and technology. He went on to commentate on film for Network Ten on The Circle, Ten News and The Project. Marc has a long relationship with multiple Foxtel channels including Showtime's The Movie Club, Batmanthology for The Movie Network, The Foxtel Movie Show, Paul Murray Live on Sky News and hosting Uncovered Documentaries for BBC Knowledge.
Outside of the media Marc has been a designer, art director, web developer, magazine and newspaper writer and he even performed in a show at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival.
Speaking and MC enquiries:
Zoe Vaughan, Claxton Speakers [ email@example.com ]
Content Partnerships:
Emily Copeland, Cedilla [ email@example.com ]


text:
i think death covered a kiss song too, must be popular thing among 90s death metal
old school dm oooooooo must acquire
Album Rating: 4.0I didn't like the first to tracks...
@ Jingle...
fuck I can't find this on torrents and I hate blog searching, guess I'll have to do it later tonight.
Album Rating: 4.5WTF happened to Count? All his comments are gone, did he get a perm ban or something?
probably but i'm guessing he's still around using another account
Album Rating: 4.0I actually found this pretty melodic at times. Solos are awesome here, and the drums are pretty awesome at times. Vocals are excellent too.
Album Rating: 4.0m/
Kinda necroing this thing, you asked for grammar mistakes, you should check out all of the its/it's :p
Anyway, the album is great, can't really rate it though because the way I feel about the intros changes everytime I listen to it.
hit and miss record. It's not a bad listen but yeah
ahahahaha oh my god the intros to each track are sooooooooooooooooooooo awful jesus christ
Album Rating: 3.5intros are hilariously bad yeah solid album tho
this is fucking awazing
Shiiiit the vocals and solos on this are so good
Album Rating: 3.5The intros are not bad, they're silly and charming.
"Some become Satan's prostitute, raping themselves daily by doing his bidding."
Yeah but who really wants their DM to be 'charming'?
Album Rating: 4.0the riffs do indeed riff
Album Rating: 3.5Yeah...the intros are so bad xD
Rest is pretty damn good, though. It's a shame...i might edit the songs to remove those silly intros and burn that on a new cd lol xD
Album Rating: 4.0This rips.
Digging: Gamma Ray - Land of the Free
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


text:
Sewing Patterns
We stock sewing patterns by the most popular independent designers including Colette, Sewaholic, Grainline, Tilly and the Buttons, Sew Over It, Christine Haynes, Victory and more!
Merchant and Mills Patterns - Top 64
Inspired by the fishermen's top so more than a jumper less than a jacket.
Merchant and Mills Patterns - The Trapeze Dress
Merchant & Mills' signature dress.
Merchant and Mills Patterns - The 101 Trouser Set
A gentle drawstring trouser with side pockets and a false fly, cut to sit right on the waist.
Christine Haynes - Emery Dress
The Emery Dress is a classic vintage-inspired dress that fits every body type and nearly every situation perfectly.
Oliver + S - Garden Party Dress in Small
This pattern allows you to make either a sweet everyday dress or blouse or a party dress or blouse.
Coming soon
Oliver + S - Lullaby Layette Set
Every baby needs a cute, comfortable layette set!
Coming soon
Colette - Mabel Skirt
Mabel is a quick, easy, and versatile skirt pattern for knit fabrics.
Colette - Moneta Dress
Moneta is your new go-to dress pattern for knit fabrics.
April Rhodes - The Riding Peplum and Party Dress
The Riding Peplum and Party Dress is a quick-to-sew, easy-to-wear pattern with subtle bust darts and a slightly loose waistline.
Colette - Myrtle Dress
Myrtle is designed for knit fabrics!
Colette - Dahlia Dress
Seasons change and wardrobes transition, but Dahlia remains the perfect dress all year long.
Tilly and the Buttons - Francoise Dress
Françoise is a chic and easy-to-wear mini dress, inspired by sixties fashion yet always in style.
Coming soon
By Hand London - Sophia Dress
The Sophia Dress is an incredibly versatile party dress
Tilly and the Buttons - Arielle Skirt
Arielle is an asymmetric pencil or mini skirt with an adorable button opening to one side.
Grainline - Morris Blazer
The Morris Blazer is the perfect mix of casual and cool.
Coming soon
Grainline - Moss Skirt
The Moss is a semi-fitted skirt that sits slightly below the natural waist.
Colette - Aster Blouse
Aster offers a fashionable twist on the classic button-up blouse.
Coming soon
Tilly and the Buttons - Agnes Top
Agnes is a close-fitting jersey top, speedy to sew and simple to fit.
Coming soon
Megan Nielsen - Darling Ranges Dress
Back in print with new pattern variations!
Coming soon
Megan Nielsen - Brumby Skirt
A cute gathered skirt with deep scoop pockets.


text:
Satisfaction Trailer (1988)
"One Band. One Dream. One Summer." 12 February 1988 Comedy 92 mins
When a young rock group called The Mystery gets its first gig at a club, it's an opportunity to see what life is all about! Fresh out of high school, the rockers are hired by an exclusive beach resort thanks to a faded '60s songwriter. There, they meet with romance and adventure. But street-smart lead singer Jennie Lee faces a dilemma: pursue her budding career or finish high school.
Watch the official Satisfaction 1988 trailer in HD below or find more Satisfaction videos on Vidimovie.