text:
On 06/19, Christoph Hellwig wrote: >On Mon, Jun 19, 2017 at 03:49:43PM +0800, Ye Xiaolong wrote: >> On 06/19, Christoph Hellwig wrote: >> >On Mon, Jun 19, 2017 at 02:03:18PM +0800, kernel test robot wrote: >> >> >> >> Greeting, >> >> >> >> FYI, we noticed a -4% regression of fio.write_bw_MBps due to commit: >> > >> >What does cat /sys/block/<device>/queue/scheduler say for your test? >> >Can you try with mq-deadline or bfq and see what the results are? >> >> Could you tell me how to do it? via changing kernel config? > >BFQ doesn't seem to be enabled in the config, so it would have to be >enabled. > >I've not seen a compile-time option for the MQ I/O scheduler (unlike >the legacy one), so the way to change it would be to echo the name to >/sys/block/<device>/queue/scheduler
echo mq-deadline > /sys/block/<device>/queue/scheduler ? I'll try and post the results once I get it. Thanks, Xiaolong


text:
Best relocation service from European Removal Services. We have helped considerable number of private individuals and small business to relocate to and from Belgium.You can rely on us that your goods are in safe hands. For more details contact our sales team 0207 127 0641 or join us at \nhttp://www.europeanremovalservices.co.uk/belgium/
Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author.While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server.
Leading Removal Specialist
Removal companies prove to be a great helping hand in turning your moves easy, fast and enjoyable. European Removal Service provide options like self load container and full house removals options to make it easy and affordable to move your goods from one to another country.
Get carefree of your belongings, European Removal Services have 25 years of experience in the transportation of personal belongings to Belgium.
Y have 25 years of experience in the transportation of personal belongings to ou just chill and relax with your Family and give all responsibilities of relocation to us
European Removal Services offer part load services to move to and from France at very reasonable prices.
Join Us At to and from France at very reasonable prices.
Contact Us to and from France at very reasonable prices.
Address: European Removal Services
83 Cambridge Road Liverpool
Merseyside England
L237tx, Texas, UK
Email Id:[email protected]
Phone No. 0207 127 0641

subset: commoncrawl


text:
This product is no longer available.
You can try these similar gifts instead.
Green Bay Packers Helmet Pre-Schooler T-Shirt
Your preschooler will be glad to show off his or her Green Bay Packers pride with this cotton black t-shirt that features a screen-printed design with the team's football helmet and green lettering in the background.


text:
After enjoying my Aries 1-B model I decided I should make the landing pad for it as well. Took me a while and some new skills but I was finally able to get a good result I believe.
I've just added two new images to my portfolio: "The Dark Knight" and "The Creech". Both use zbrush heavily which I have really been trying to learn this year (finally!). My next project is to finish up my character from the movie "Edge of Tomorrow" with Tom Cruise. Here's a work in progress view of him!
I've been trying to learn zbrush a lot more, specifically the hard surface modeling tools. Here's a reproduction of Batman's grappler gun from the Nolan series. Not perfect but goot enough for my first try!


text:
Mining and quarrying
Mining is not an important sector of the Italian economy. Minerals are widely dispersed, and, unlike other industries, mining and quarrying traditionally have been more prevalent in the south than in the north. In the early 21st century, increased demand for construction materials and fertilizers led to the expansion of northern-based quarrying industries specializing in lime and chalk (for the production of fertilizers and cement, an important industry), along with coloured granites and marbles. Conversely, in the north, extraction of metalliferous minerals (such as iron ore, manganese, and zinc) declined. Nonmetalliferous minerals, including graphite, amianthus (a type of asbestos), and coal, shared a similar fate throughout Italy. As a primary fuel, coal satisfied just over one-tenth of the country's energy demands in the early 21st century. Mining has fared badly on the islands, where it once prospered, with a decline in the extraction of sulfur in Sicily and of lead and zinc in Sardinia. Industrial minerals that remain significant are barite, cement, clay, fluorspar, marble, talc, feldspar, and pumice.
Development of heavy industry
The most remarkable feature of Italian economic development after World War II was the spectacular increase in manufacturing and, in particular, manufacturing exports. The most significant contributory factors to this growth were the Marshall Plan (1948–51), a U.S.-sponsored program to regenerate the postwar economies of western Europe; the 1952 foundation of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), later under the European Federation of Iron and Steel Industries; the start in 1958 of the EEC, which contributed to the liberalization of trade; and the abundance of manpower that fueled the growth of northern industrial concerns.
The material that transformed the Italian economy with a flourish was steel. Despite the lack of mineral resources, the Italian government opted to join the ECSC at its inception, and skeptics watched as Italian steel developed so quickly that by 1980 it accounted for 21.5 percent of production in the EEC (which by then had nine members) and in western Europe. Moreover, Italy was second to West Germany among western European steel producers. Steel formed the backbone of the metallurgical and engineering industries, known as metalmeccanica. These enjoyed their heyday between 1951 and 1975, when mechanical exports rose 20-fold and the workforce employed in the industries doubled. The number of people working in the automobile industry tripled, and metallurgical exports increased 25 times. The steel industry, which declined in the last decades of the century, was privatized in 1992–97.
The main branches of metalmeccanica included arms manufacture, textile machinery, machine tools, automobiles and other transport vehicles, and domestic appliances. The automobile industry has been dominated by Fiat since the founding of the company in Turin in 1899. Milan and Brescia became the other main auto-making centres until Alfa Romeo opened its plant near Naples, leading to a decentralization of the industry. Automobile production took off in the 1950s and soared until the mid-1970s, when it began to stagnate. In the 1980s imports from Japan and an economic recession further dampened the industry, though new markets were opened in eastern Europe at the end of the Cold War in the early 1990s. In 2011 Fiat acquired a majority stake in the American auto company Chrysler, and Fiat's involvement saw the car maker return to profitability for the first time in years. Today Italy has one of the highest numbers of cars per capita in the world.
Light manufacturing
Notable large firms notwithstanding, the manufacturing sector is characterized by the presence of small and medium-size industries, which are found mainly in northeastern and north-central Italy. This area, concentrated in industrial districts within Veneto, Emilia-Romagna, and Tuscany, is referred to as the "third Italy," to distinguish it from the "first Italy," represented by the industrial triangle formed by the cities of Milan, Turin, and Genoa, and from the "second Italy," which includes the Mezzogiorno. Each industrial district in the third Italy generally specializes in a particular area of light manufacturing, such as textiles or paper products, although more traditional manufacturing is also present. For instance, in Prato, Tuscany, the specialty is textile products; Sassuolo and Cento, both in Emilia-Romagna, engage in ceramic tile production and mechanical engineering, respectively; while Nogara, in Veneto, is known for wooden furniture.
Italy dominated the postwar domestic appliance market, which boomed until the first international oil crisis, in 1973, when small businesses were hard-hit by the increase in energy prices. Olivetti and Zanussi were market leaders, and Italian-produced "white goods," such as refrigerators and washing machines, were much in demand. The textile industry has been important in Italy since the Middle Ages, when Lombardy and Tuscany were leading centres for the wool and silk industry. Other important products now include artificial and synthetic fibres, cotton, and jute yarn. Textiles and leather goods were surpassed by the metallurgical sector in the 1960s, but they remain important components of manufacturing.
The chemicals industry is one of the more recent members of the Italian industrial family. It is often categorized into primary chemicals, dominated by giant enterprises, including Edison, Eni SpA, and SNIA; secondary chemicals, made up of thousands of firms; and a third component comprising firms financed by foreign capital. From 1868 until World War I the chemical industry was restricted to products such as fertilizers and fungicides, but the oil discoveries of the 1950s opened up the vast field of petrochemicals. The discovery, too, of natural gas near Ravenna triggered the production of synthetic rubber, resins, artificial fibre, and more fertilizers. The industry boomed until the 1973 oil crisis launched a protracted slump, which rebounded somewhat in the 1980s as the sector was rationalized. During the 1990s the chemical industry was confronted with limits defined by environmental protection policies and the restructuring of small and medium-size enterprises.
The food and beverage industry is also important, in particular the traditional products olive oil, wine, fruit, and tomatoes. Additionally, the pulp and paper, printing and publishing, and pottery, glass, and ceramics industries are prominent.
The housing sector was affected by three main factors following World War II: the postwar economic boom, massive rural-to-urban migration, and government incentives to the private construction sector. Approximately 500,000 homes were destroyed in the war and another 250,000 severely damaged. A period of frenzied building ensued, reaching a peak during 1961–65, when an average of 380,000 houses were built each year. Much of the building was undertaken by private companies that engaged heavily in speculative construction and paid scant regard to regulations. This led to overcrowding and a severe lack of services in peripheral urban areas. The problem was exacerbated by the migration of hundreds of thousands of southern Italians to the big northern towns in search of work.
Construction slackened during the late 1960s and '70s as a result of economic recession, although many Italians were still living in substandard dwellings and awaiting rehousing. A 1980 earthquake in the Naples area destroyed a quarter of a million homes and resulted in a localized building boom lasting almost a decade. In the late 1990s the construction sector showed signs of recovery mainly related to investments in public works and the availability of financial incentives for residential housing. As the Italian economy declined near the end of the first decade of the 2000s, the construction industry was especially hard-hit. New building of both private homes and public works contracted sharply as financing became more difficult to secure and government funding for infrastructure improvement dried up.
Italy's financial and banking system has a number of unique features, although its framework is similar to that of other European countries. The Bank of Italy is the central bank and the sole bank of issue. Since the introduction of the euro in 2002, the Bank of Italy has been responsible for the production and circulation of euro notes in accordance with EU policy. Execution of monetary policy is vested in the Interministerial Committee for Credit and Savings, headed by the minister for the economy and finance. In practice, the Bank of Italy enjoys wide discretionary powers (within the constraints of the Maastricht Treaty and other agreements that govern the euro zone) and plays an important role in euro-zone economic policy making. The bank's primary function also includes the control of credit.
There are three main types of banking and credit institutions. First, there are the commercial banks, which include three national banks, several chartered banks, popular cooperative banks—whose activities do not extend beyond the provincial level—and ordinary private banks. Second, there is a special category of savings banks organized on a provincial or regional basis. Finally, there are the investment institutions, which collect medium- and long-term funds by issuing bonds and supply medium- and long-term credit for industry, public works, and agriculture. The 1990 Banking Act reduced the level of public ownership of banks and facilitated the raising of external capital. All remaining controls on capital movements were also lifted, enabling Italians to bank unlimited amounts of foreign capital in Italy.
There are many institutes of various kinds supplying medium- and long-term credit. These special credit institutions have as their primary aim the increase of the flow and the reduction of the cost of development finance, either to preferential areas or to priority sectors (for example, agriculture or research) or to small and medium-size business. In addition to this network of special credit institutions, there is a subsystem of credit under which the government shoulders part of the interest burden.
The bond market in Italy is well-developed. Mainly as a result of the special structure of government-sponsored institutions for development finance and subsidized interest rates, the growth of the capital market and stock exchanges was far less important than in other Western industrialized countries. The development of the stock exchange in Italy was initially hampered by the archaic structure and rules of the markets and by tax problems connected with the registration of shares. More recently, however, the market was modernized; the Borsa Italiana, which manages the stock exchange, became operational in 1998.
Italy has a great trading tradition. Jutting out deeply into the Mediterranean Sea, the country occupies a position of strategic importance, enhancing its trading potential not only with eastern Europe but also with North Africa and the Middle East. Italy has historically maintained active relations with eastern European countries, Libya, and the Palestinian peoples. These links have been preserved even at times of great political tension, such as during the Cold War and the Persian Gulf War of 1991. Membership in the EC from 1957 increased Italy's potential for trade still further, giving rise to rapid economic growth. However, from that time, the economy was subject to an ever-widening trade deficit. Between 1985 and 1989 the only trading partner with which Italy did not run a deficit was the United States. Italy began showing a positive balance again in the mid-1990s. Trade with other EU members accounts for more than half of Italy's transactions. Other major trading partners include the United States, Russia, China, and members of the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
Italy's trading strength was traditionally built on textiles, food products, and manufactured goods. During the second half of the 20th century, however, products from Italy's burgeoning metal and engineering sector, including automobiles, rose to account for a majority share of the total exports, which it still retains; they are followed by the textiles, clothing, and leather goods sector. The most avid customers of Italian exports are Germany, France, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Spain.
Italy's main imports are metal and engineering products, principally from Germany, France, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Chemicals, vehicle, and mineral imports are also important commodities. Italy is a major importer of energy, with much of its oil supply coming from North Africa and the Middle East.
Membership in the EEC was the most beneficial economic factor in Italian trade during the post-World War II period. The later accession of Greece, Spain, and Portugal to the EEC created stiff competition for Mediterranean agricultural products, especially fruit, wine, and cooking oil. At the beginning of the 21st century, however, the expanded EU and the weakness of the new euro currency allowed for export growth in Italy. As the euro reached and ultimately surpassed parity with the U.S. dollar, this advantage was lost, and for the first decade of the 21st century Italy maintained a negative trade balance.
Services and tourism
Business services
The service sector is one of the most important in Italy in terms of the number of people employed. If the definition extends to cover tourism, the hotel industry, restaurants, the service trades, transport and communications, domestic workers, financial services, and public administration, well over half of the workforce operates in the sector. A fully accurate measure is impossible, however, because of the existence of a burgeoning black market.
A plentiful supply of labour has nourished the service sector, especially in the large urban areas, since the 1950s. This labour came initially from rural areas of northern Italy such as Veneto; later the Italian peasantry from the Mezzogiorno migrated north; and more recently immigrants from less-developed countries—many of whom work for low wages, without job security, and under substandard work conditions—have filled low-grade urban service jobs. High-level service jobs include those involved with information technologies, which are used by one-third of Italian business. Factors that have contributed to the growth of the service sector include the rise in the standard of living in Italy and Europe in general, leading to an increase in mobility, financial transactions, business, demand for leisure activities, and tourism.
Italy is renowned as a tourist destination; it attracted more than 40 million foreign visitors annually in the early 21st century. Conversely, less than one-fifth of Italians take their holidays abroad. The tourist industry in Italy experienced a decline from 1987 onward, including a slump during the Persian Gulf War and world recession, but it rebounded in the 1990s, posting gains in the number of overseas and domestic tourists. In addition, the Jubilee celebrations promoted by the Roman Catholic Church in 2000 to mark the advent of its third millennium attracted millions of tourists to Rome and its enclave, Vatican City, the seat of the church.
The tourist industry has flourished under both national and international patronage. The most popular locations, apart from the great cultural centres of Rome, Florence, Venice, and Naples, are the coastal resorts and islands or the Alpine hills and lakes of the north; the Ligurian and Amalfi rivieras; the northern Adriatic coast; the small islands in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Elba, Capri, and Ischia); the Emerald Coast of Sardinia; Sicily; Gran Paradiso National Park and the Dolomites; and Abruzzo National Park.
Labour and taxation
Women constitute about two-fifths of the labour force, though they are more likely to take on fixed-term and part-time employment than men. The activity rate of male employment is consistent throughout Italy, but females have a much lower rate of participation in the south.
Because of the scala mobile, which adjusted wages to inflation, Italian workers benefited from high job security for decades after World War II. Beginning in the 1980s, though, as the government moved to get inflation under control, the scala mobile came under attack and was eventually terminated in 1992.
The strength of trade unions was in decline by the end of the 20th century, but large general strikes were not uncommon. The right to strike is guaranteed by the constitution and remains a very potent weapon in the hands of the trade unions. Three major labour federations exist, each closely tied to different political factions: the General Italian Confederation of Labour (Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro; CGIL), which is tied to the left; the Italian Confederation of Workers' Unions (Confederazione Italiana di Sindicati Liberi; CISL), with ties to the Catholic movement; and the Italian Labour Union (Unione Italiana del Lavoro; UIL), related to the secular parties. A number of independent unions are also active, especially in the public service sector. They increasingly challenge the monopoly of the three confederations on national contractual negotiations and are quite militant.
The government has undertaken reforms in tax collection. Historically, it has been unsuccessful in gathering income taxes with consistency, in part because of tax evasion and a black market on goods.
Transportation and telecommunications
Water transport
Water transport was the first important means of linking Italy with its Mediterranean trading partners, even though its only navigable internal water is the Po River. At the time of unification in the 19th century, the ports of Venice, Palermo, and Naples were of great significance, and the Italian merchant fleet was preeminent in the Mediterranean Sea. The 4,600 miles (7,400 km) of Italian coastline are punctuated by many ports, and a large majority of imports and exports arrive and leave the country by sea. The principal dry-cargo ports are Venice, Cagliari, Civitavecchia, Gioia Tauro, and Piombino, while those handling chiefly petroleum products are Genoa, Augusta, Trieste, Bari, and Savona. Naples and Livorno handle both types of cargo. Half of the commercial port traffic is concentrated on only one-tenth of the coastline. The industries of Piedmont and Lombardy make heavy demands on the maritime outlets, particularly Genoa, which is the most extensive and important Italian port but which has great difficulty expanding because of the mountains surrounding it.
Rail transport
The main period of railway construction was about the time of unification, from 1860 until 1873. The heavy costs involved in laying down the infrastructure caused the government to sell off its stake in 1865. By this time the networks serving Milan, Genoa, and Turin in the north were well-developed. These were followed by links through the Po valley to Venice; to Bari, along the Adriatic coast; down the Tyrrhenian coast, through Naples, to Reggio di Calabria; and from Rome to the Adriatic cities of Ancona and Pescara. The Sicilian and Sardinian networks also were built. A period of rationalization and modernization followed in 1905 when the network was renationalized; building of new rail lines continued throughout the 20th century. An exceptional feature was the early electrification of the lines, many of which ran through long tunnels and were ill-suited to steam power. This modernization was due to Italy's early development of hydroelectricity.
Although the rail network is well distributed throughout the peninsula, there are important qualitative differences between its northern and southern components. The north enjoys more frequent services, faster trains, and more double track lines than the south. Compared with other European networks, the Italian trains carry little freight but many passengers, partly because the railways failed to keep pace with the rapid rate of industrialization after World War II, while the passenger lines were made inexpensive through government subsidies. Eighty percent of the rail network was controlled by the state via Ferrovie dello Stato ("State Railways") before it was privatized in 1992.
The Italian railways are connected with the rest of Europe by a series of mountain routes, linking Turin with Fréjus in France, Milan with Switzerland via the Simplon Tunnel, Verona to Austria and Germany via the Brenner Pass, and Venice to eastern Europe via Tarvisio. In the late 20th century routes were expanded, extended, and modernized, including the addition of high-speed lines and computerized booking and freight control systems. The railway network extends some 10,000 miles (16,000 km).
Road transport
The Italian road network is subdivided into four administrative categories—express highways (autostrade) and national, provincial, and municipal roads (strade statali, strade provinciali, and strade comunali, respectively). Road construction in Italy flourished between 1955 and 1975. Between 1951 and 1980, surfaced roads, excluding highways and urban streets, increased by 72 percent to cover more than 183,000 miles (295,000 km). Automobile sales increased faster than in any other western European economy during this period. Much of this was due to mass production of cheap models by Fiat. Road construction in the south particularly benefited from funds released by the Southern Development Fund.
More spectacular than general road construction was the development of the highway system. This project was farmed out to concessionary companies and financed by tolls, releasing it from the slow state bureaucracy and explaining its rapid progress. By the 1980s the network extended over 3,700 miles (6,000 km), making it second in Europe (only West Germany's was bigger). The main axis runs north-south from Chiasso on the Swiss border via Milan, Bologna, Florence, and Rome all the way south to Reggio di Calabria at the very tip of the peninsula. Another major route cuts southward from the Brenner Pass along the Adriatic coast to Bari and Taranto. A dense latticework of highways serves the north, linking Turin to Milan, Venice, and Trieste on an east-west axis and to Bologna and Genoa. Other east-west routes link Rome to Pescara across the Apennines and connect Naples to Bari. Commercial road transport has increased in recent years; Italy has one of the five largest trucking fleets in Europe.
Congestion is one of the main problems facing Italy's urban streets. Many town centres are based on medieval street plans and are unable to cope with levels of traffic and pollution generated by a population with one of the highest rates of automobile ownership in western Europe. Several cities, including Rome and Milan, have introduced measures to reduce the number of cars entering the city centres at peak hours and promoted other modes of transport. In the 21st century some towns took these steps even further, embracing a trend that came to be known as the "Slow City" movement. By completely banning automobiles from historic city centres and promoting the use of local products, the dozens of towns that adhered to the "Slow City" philosophy sought to preserve their traditional character.
Air transport
Of the small proportion of freight passing through Italian airports, a majority of it is processed either at Malpensa Airport near Milan or at Leonardo da Vinci Airport (in Fiumicino) near Rome. These airports, nearly equally, also handle the bulk of passenger traffic, though Linate Airport in Milan and Marco Polo (Tessera) Airport in Venice carry a large number as well. Many of the other regional airports (including those at Turin, Genoa, Verona, Bologna, Rimini, Pisa, Naples, Brindisi, Palermo, Catania, and Cagliari) are used for domestic flights, except during the peak tourist season, when they may absorb some of the vacation traffic from other European destinations.
The most frenetic developments in air transport occurred in the 1960s, with a 10-fold increase in freight traffic and a sevenfold increase in passengers. At that time Alitalia, Italy's national airline, became one of the largest in Europe. It remained viable by surviving the oil crisis of the 1970s, diversifying as a result of airline deregulation in the 1980s, and forming partnerships with foreign airlines in the 1990s and early 21st century. Alitalia filed for bankruptcy in 2008 and was purchased by an Italian investment group. Italy's flagship carrier was merged with Air One, a domestic competitor, and years of restructuring led to a more competitive airline.
Italy had put into use some 13 million broadband Internet connections, 22 million personal computers, and 21 million main telephone lines by the early 21st century. Roughly half of all Italians were regular Internet users, and cellular phones had achieved an astonishing level of penetration. Italy was one of the largest wireless markets in Europe, and, with more than 80 million active mobile phones in 2010, the number of cellular phones in Italy outstripped its population by nearly one-third.


text:
Oversexed red haired chick with impressive big boobs guzzles black cock
Description:Super juggy red haired slut masturbates her pussy and plays with her assets while sucking massive black cock. her insatiable pussy likes it harder.
Category:+18 only (Adult)
Added:2 years ago
32 likes, 2 dislikes
Embed / Iframe code:
Make your selection, copy and paste the embed code above.
Standart sizes: Custom size:
What is the problem?
Please do not abuse this section. The videos ,which are on investigate list, are manually checked by editor.
Security code:(is not case-sensitive) can't read
Write a comment
at least 10 characters, up to 400 characters
400 characters remaining
Security code:
(is not case-sensitive) can't read


text:
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
50.75 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Slunecnice Pension Spindlerüv Mlýn would be pleased to host you for a few days trip or a longer holiday in Czech Republic. The pension is offering 22 comfortable rooms to guests looking for accommodation in Špindlerův Mlýn. In case you ever feel like eating in, you may taste delicious local dishes in the restaurant of the pension. Car parking possibility is available nearby. For recreational purposes you may try the wellness services provided by the pension. Nearby table tennis, bike rental, bowling, billiard and minigolf opportunities will provide an excellent chance to spend your leisure time actively. Wireless Internet connection (WiFi) is available at the pension, enabling portable devices and smartphones to go online. If you wish to learn more about the exact scope of services provided by Slunecnice Pension Spindlerüv Mlýn (including any available for an extra fee), you will find them on the information sheet below.
Payment Depending on the selected date, room and price, you may need to provide credit card guarantee or advance bank card payment to finalize your reservation.
Arrival, opening hours The earliest time to check in at the pension is 14:00, the latest time to check out is 10:00. You will be able to speak with the personnel in Czech and English languages.
Slunecnice Pension Spindlerüv Mlýn rooms Rooms
- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
Table-tennis, Billiard, Squash, Minigolf, Bowling, Bike rental at the accommodation
- Wellness section, relaxation
Own restaurant
Hairdryer, Desk in the room


text:
A Rich History
The opening of Booker Taliaferro Washington HS was the culmination of several attempts by black leaders to construct a high school to educate black youths. In 1903 and 1910 the black community helped pass a school bond referendum and was promised a high school. However, it was not until 1919, with the help of the NAACP, that black leaders conducted a successful voter registration drive. The newly registered voters helped to defeat a school bond referendum that year, and in 1921 another bond campaign arose. This time it passed due to black support and a promise for more black schools. The school board then pledged $1,290,000 for black schools, and Booker T. Washington High School, the first black junior/senior high school in Atlanta, resulted from that effort. The board of education approved the purchase of twenty acres of land for the school on June 13, 1922. Eugene C. Wachendorff was selected as the architect and the school was named after Booker Taliaferro Washington, a native of Virginia, born a slave. Later, in 1881, Washington founded and became the first principal of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, and he became one of the most influential black leaders and educators in the United States. In 1924, Charles Lincoln Harper, accepted the challenge to become the first principal of this great institution, and 32 dedicated teachers, committed themselves "to touch lives forever. The storied legacy of Booker T. Washington HS endures to this day. . .


text:
The Last Man Standing: Iggy Pop Live At The Royal Albert Hall
Julian Marszalek
, May 16th, 2016 09:00
Iggy Pop is bloodied but unbowed when he leaves the stage of the RAH says Julian Marszalek. All photographs courtesy of Burak Cingi
The recent passing of two thirds of alternative rock's Holy Trinity of Lou Reed, David Bowie and Iggy Pop has not only left a yawning cultural chasm but also put pressure on the shoulders of the last man standing. Of course it can be argued that all three had left their best work far behind them and it's certainly undeniable that they dropped some monumental stinkers since those glory days. But what work that was; these were contributions so huge that they altered the course of music history
Iggy Pop is certainly a case in point. It's been over 20 years since he released American Caesar, his last record of substance. Since then, it's been difficult to shake the feeling that he's been chasing an audience thanks to any number of pointless collaborations with the worst of his descendents while cruising on auto pilot when it came to his recorded output. His live gigs, however, have always been cathartic experiences; few are the artists prepared to invest that much energy, physicality and the high risk of personal damage into their performances while breaking down the barriers between them and their audience. Relentlessly energetic affairs, the fact is that Iggy has maintained his explosive performances beyond middle age and into the autumn of his years.
But what has been evident is that it's the people that he's worked with that have brought out either the best or the worst in him, and sometimes both at the same time. Despite working with some fine musicians over the years – Steve Jones, Andy McKoy, Whitey Kirst – none have ever managed to capture what was created during Iggy's peak years with first The Stooges and then in Berlin with David Bowie and the Sales brothers. So while someone like Whitey Kirst played hard and fast, he could never quite match the sonic brutalism of James Williamson or the lightness of Ricky Gardiner. Little wonder, then, that he found himself re-united with Ron and Scott Asheton to re-activate The Stooges, and then later with Williamson in the wake of Ron's untimely passing. But even so, the two post-Raw Power albums released under The Stooges' name - The Weirdness and Ready To Die - proved to be highly underwhelming affairs.
So what's a boy to do? Pop is nothing if not canny and perhaps mindful of his mortality and the need to leave behind a document that stands proud with the best of his material, turning to Queens Of The Stone Age's Josh Homme has proved to be a shrewd move. Released in March of this year, Post Pop Depression is easily the best album Iggy Pop has put his name to since Lust For Life. Anyone expecting a stoner rock album has been left sorely disappointed but for everyone else there is a densely layered work that lifts Pop out of his default setting while being acutely aware of the Berlin period and exactly what made that music so unique, so special and so durable. So while Post Pop Depression makes no effort to sound like those two albums made with Bowie, it does match the mood and feel of exploration while finding new areas to mine. What's more, this is Iggy's most introspective album as he pauses to consider his mortality and legacy over music that refuses to take the path of least resistance.
You'd be forgiven for thinking that all of this would lead to a bittersweet experience in the prestigious environs of the Royal Albert Hall. Fuck that. From the moment the curtain is raised, Pop is an explosive and whirling dervish, a ball of tightly wound energy and raw fucking power that belies his 69 years. It would be comical if it wasn't so convincing and the reason that it's so believable is that he's digging deep into himself and exposing his very soul and reason for being. The effect is infectious and within seconds the Royal Albert Hall is on its feet. Chaos reigns supreme as those lucky souls in front of the stage abandon their seats and all pretence of decorum to pile on down to the front.
Behind him are the figures of guitarists Josh Homme, Dean Fertita and Troy Van Leeuwen, bassist Matt Sweeney and Arctic Monkeys' Matt Helders on drums. Suited and booted in matching red jackets and black trousers, they're easily the most homo-erotic collection of testosterone since The Bad Seeds and right here, right now, 'Lust For Life' is sounding colossal. Unlike Pop's many previous bands, this isn't a bludgeoning of the material but a sensitive yet powerful recreation of what was birthed almost 40 years ago. But it's when the band strike up 'Sister Midnight' from The Idiot that they really show their teeth and intent. See, because so much of Iggy's reputation is based on the visceral nature of his performances, it's been all too easy to forget just how much groundbreaking music he's actually been involved with. Yet here is Homme and his crew paying attention to the ambition of the original vision, the nuances and flourishes that lifted it out of the mundane and into hallowed and rarified ground and taking it into the 21st century where it still dares lesser artists to catch up with it.
"Fucking thank you for coming!" yells Iggy and for a moment it feels as if the Royal Albert Hall may overwhelm him. "Fuck! Fuck! Fuck! Fuck!" he repeats over and over again but by the end of 'American Valhalla' he's tossed his jacket to one side and the now familiar sight of Iggy's leathery torso is once again unashamedly on his display. He cuts both an endearing and inspirational figure. With one leg shorter than the other, he moves with simian grace across the stage and his aging muscles and skin no longer possess the tightness of yore. All of this matters not a jot, and rightly so because, as ever, he rejects conformity, tedium and notions of what's age appropriate and what isn't in favour of personal freedom and the joy of living and breathing. This isn't existence; this is life.
But while Pop personifies the physical aspects of his art – he swan dives from the stage at the end of 'Some Weird Sin' and is bleeding soon after – Homme and his cohorts apply a cerebral approach to the music. This isn't too suggest the band takes a back seat – far from it as evidenced by the towering guitarist's dances and shimmies across the stage with his bandmates – but the level of care that has gone into the music is breathtaking. Witness the three-guitar attack at the end of 'China Girl' that sees Homme playing twin lead with Fertita while Van Leeuwen holds down the rhythm. Played with grace and subtlety, it's a beautiful thing to watch and even more gorgeous to listen to and you can't help but feel that somewhere The Dame is gazing down approvingly. Elsewhere, 'Mass Production' is simply staggering in its scope and delivery, those eldritch loops and spiraling guitars falling into a woozy vortex that's utterly beguiling. This is the point where myth and reality and ambition and achievement intersect at the point of perfection.
Crucially, for an artist this far down the line, it's actually a joy to hear new material and for it to bed down so comfortably with those Berlin numbers. With the exception of 'Vulture', the whole of Post Pop Depression is given an airing and the sense of pride from its authors is palpable. Iggy frequently gives Homme and the band room to move, each of them grooving as if they've arrived at the disco of their dreams. The three-pronged guitar attack, along with those rolling, insistent drums, elevates 'Sunday' to a true highlight while 'American Valhalla' bumps and grinds with menace and threat.
The level of musicianship is jaw-dropping. As Iggy leaves the stage for a prolonged walkabout in the crowd during a gloriously funky 'Fall In Love With Me', the band lock into an extended workout that never feels forced or superfluous that segues effortlessly into a frantic reading of 'Repo Man' the moment the singer climbs back on stage.
Yet for all the ramamlama and untrammelled exuberance, the poignancy surrounding the gig is undeniable. If, as stated by Pop elsewhere, this is to be his last hurrah, then he leaves us in a state of triumph. This a performance of naked honesty that serves to remind of a legacy that's based as much on the groundbreaking music that's been created in the both the past and the present as much as 50 years of explosive performances and the dark mythology that surrounds him. In a strange way, he's had to live his career twice for the world to catch up with him. The two Stooges reunions played to audiences far greater than the first time around while his current revisiting of his Berlin collaborations with David Bowie has reclaimed the music from the Transpotting generation while re-establishing his creative credentials as the shadows and long night draws in.
At 69-years-old, Iggy Pop is the last man standing and he's left the building for a long and well-earned rest. And man, does he deserves it.
If you love our features, news and reviews, please support what we do with a one-off or regular donation. Year-on-year, our corporate advertising is down by around 90% - a figure that threatens to sink The Quietus. Hit this link to find out more and keep on Black Sky Thinking.
May 16, 2016 10:46am
thank you for this beautiful review.
last man standing - so true. together with neil young i'd say!
May 16, 2016 1:11pm
A really beautifully written piece.I travelled from Edinburgh with a good buddy and major Iggy fan like myself and we have witnessed Iggy many times solo and with both line ups of The Stooges.In fact I've not missed a tour in 30 years and this show was very very special. To see Iggy get the respect and adoration he deserves as a solo artist was just fantastic.He is still the best and there is no one out there to fill his shoes.I count myself lucky to have been around when he was playing smaller venues right up to the Albert Hall last week.Great singer and front man, the very best in fact plus a lovely bloke too.
May 16, 2016 2:29pm
A very fine, thoughtful review.
I have seen Ig many times, and he is THE greatest live performer I have ever witnessed. The Stooges at Hammersmith Apollo August 2005, was the
best gig I have ever attended. So good, I didn't go to another concert
for over two years !
I didn't get to see him this time around, but the RAH reviews have been astounding. "Post Pop Depression" is a marvellous album, and with the
recent deaths of Bowie and Prince only makes me aware what a class act
Ig has been, and also very sadly, he too won't last forever.
May 16, 2016 4:43pm
An excellent review which manages to capture what is already being acknowledged as one of the all time great gigs. 5,000 of us were there at the Albert Hall to witness it, no doubt in years to come there will be 500,000 who will saying they were there.
May 16, 2016 5:34pm
In reply to Andy E:
Very true !
May 16, 2016 6:09pm
Perfect review and Pop Posts Perfection. Just the best gig i've seen with the best band he's played with, you could tell they have a love of the originals and boy did those boys swing.
May 16, 2016 8:08pm
Thanks for this review. I read many good ones about the Post Depression Tour and this is one of the best. Perfect description with good and honest background.
I saw not a single bad Iggy concert between 1979 and now. All where fantastic but 2016 (Hamburg for me) is really the best. Hope it was not the last but if He wants to retire He as all the right to do.
May 16, 2016 9:59pm
Iggy's performance and that of the band last Friday was an amazing,inspiring, wonderful celebration of life. The poignancy of the Bowie friendship was so clear. I was honoured to witness and be part of this show. This review is gorgeous! Love you Iggy
May 17, 2016 3:06pm
lucky to have caught Iggy in Toronto for this tour. woww. no peer. And the QOTSA crew as a backup band?! best show ever.
May 18, 2016 10:33pm
I was lucky enough to see this tour a couple of nights before, in Amsterdam, and thought it was the best gig I've ever seen for all of the reasons mentioned in the review above. Absolutely perfect, thank you Iggy
May 22, 2016 11:35am
Thanks for this review, great stuff, but have to comment on the lack of kudos given to one of Iggy's more interesting late career albums, 1999's Avenue B - that's loads better than American Caesar. A partly spoken word, jazz steeped wallow of a divorce album, produced by Don Was, with help from Medeski, Martin & Wood and his touring band of the time. Love the newie but let's not skip other late career classics.


text:
Thank you for our BIGGEST download week yet. You guys rock! BTW, we're now on Google Play! Please leave us reviews on iTunes, TuneIn Radio, Stitcher, PlayerFM, or wherever you...
Unable to embed Rapid1Pixelout audio player. Please double check that: 1)You have the latest version of Adobe Flash Player. 2)This web page does not have any fatal Javascript errors. 3)The audio-player.js file of Rapid1Pixelout has been included.


text:
Call Us @ 800-235-2474
Chimney Rock State Park's "Off The Beaten Path" Hiking Series begins with this informative (and easy) 2 hour hike to lear to identify trees and shrubs without their leaves. To Register and for more information
[Back to Previous Page]
Rental Calculator
By Phone Toll Free (800) 235-2474.
All of our cabins are non-smoking.
See Full Calendar
©2017 Willow Winds, L.L.C. | 39 Stockwood Road Ext. | Asheville, NC 28803
Toll Free (800) 235-2474 | Local (828) 277-3948
Asheville Web Design by Hannush Web


text:
To say simply "We Love Everything About Gym, Health & Fitness, Supplements" would be a serious understatement.
This passion for health & fitness has been with the staff at Gym Digest for a very long time and it will hopefully shine through in the articles and content we produce here on the site. We have a staff of people who are dedicated to bringing you more than a recap of the latest products and the high flying headline.
We want to show you that Gym Digest is multifaceted and truly has a life all its' own.
We are actively looking for content curators, producers and creators. If you would like to learn more about working for us please feel free to "Contact Us" and we will get back with you!
Most of all Enjoy, Share, Like, Link, Tweet and everything else you can do to our content here on the site.


text:
Edward Duane Haggin
- 49 years old
- Date of birth: Jan 25, 1963
- Date of passing: May 28, 2012
|Let the memory of Edward be with us forever
This memorial website was created in memory of our loved one, Edward Haggin, 49, born on January 25, 1963 and passed away on May 28, 2012. We will remember him forever.
Leave a Tribute:
Invite your family and friends
to visit this memorial:
to visit this memorial:
Subscribe to receive e-mail notifications when others contribute to this memorial.
543 views
Have a suggestion for us?


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Mar 17, 2009
|Filing date
|May 29, 2003
|Priority date
|Mar 7, 2003
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|Peter C. Salmon
|Original Assignee
|Salmon Technologies, Llc
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (86), Non-Patent Citations (6), Referenced by (1), Classifications (12), Legal Events (4)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application claims priority to provisional Application Ser. No. 60/452,793 filed Mar. 7, 2003.
This invention relates to apparatus and method for testing electronic systems, and more particularly to apparatus and method for functionally testing electronic systems at clock rates of 1 GHz and higher.
Conventional test methods include a hierarchy of tests including wafer probe testing, packaged part testing, and system testing. In each of these, it is customary to use a test fixture between the device under test, DUT, and the tester. The test fixture normally includes a switch matrix for connecting tester pins to DUT pins, and a collection of driver and receiver circuits, switches and relays that are commonly referred to as the "pin electronics" of the tester.
In digital systems, clock rates have increased to 1 GHz and beyond. At high frequencies it becomes desirable to place components close together, and minimize trace lengths. To this end, systems have been produced that employ bare IC chips rather than packaged parts, with the IC chips attached to the system board using flip chip bonding methods, resulting in dense systems and short trace lengths. It is similarly desirable to minimize the electrical path lengths between a system under test, SUT, and the comparator circuits that are used to verify system behavior.
Conventional testing methods provide a hierarchy of inspections and tests for testing complex systems. Automatic optical inspection, AOI, employs cameras and lighting systems to examine board assemblies for correct component placement and orientation, acceptable traces and solder joints. Automated X-ray inspection, AXI, can check solder joints that are hidden from AOI equipment. In circuit test, ICT, is often employed to measure values of discrete components, and to find open and short circuits. The fixture for ICT is typically a grid of electronic probes (or "bed of nails") that make contact with test points designed into the board assembly. The maximum number of nodes that can be tested using ICT is currently around 7,000. Complex system boards may have 10,000 nodes and upward. Boundary scan is a test method commonly used to check that all components are present and properly oriented. Boundary scan methods add logic and control signals to each component, internal blocks are chained together, and access to internal nodes is greatly improved. After all the passive elements of the system have been verified and boundary scan has been performed, a board functional test is typically required. Normally, a test fixture is used to connect system nodes to tester nodes. With the system under power, stimulus vectors are applied while system outputs are measured for the correct values. A lot of effort is required to determine the stimulus vectors and the correct system responses, and the effort increases as system complexity increases. For some complex systems this approach is abandoned because the time and effort are judged to be too great. In these cases, less rigorous testing may be accomplished using a "hot mockup" which is a version of the end-user system, or by using system equivalency tests. These methods are weak in terms of diagnosing problems, because only system level results are accessible.
Recent test fixtures have included expensive GaAs circuits for increased switching speed and electro-optical receivers for isolation between test circuits. Despite these efforts, some systems cannot be tested at full speed and others have to compromise on test coverage to keep the test time within reasonable bounds.
Recent advances in high-density interconnection (HDI), circuits, and in flip chip bonding techniques have made it possible to add additional IC chips to a system board at a low assembly cost. Also, advances in IC chip design and implementation make it possible to include most or all of the functions of a sophisticated tester on a single IC chip, especially if the pin electronics are simplified.
Built in self test (BIST) is a methodology that has been developed for testing individual components by providing test circuits within the component, rather than connecting them to an external tester. TOB is similar in concept, except that the test target is a system board rather than a component of that board.
The proposed test method, tester on board (TOB), performs the system functional test with most of the tester functionality implemented on an IC test chip that is placed on the system board. The test chip is connected to system nodes using the interconnection method of the system board; preferably the components are assembled as bare die using flip chip assembly methods. Since in circuit tests and boundary scans are typically low speed tests employing simple test hardware, they are preferably provided by a test support computer that includes such hardware, without involving the IC test chip.
In the preferred embodiment, a single test chip samples test signals of three different types: digital, analog, and radio frequency (RF). The digital signals are carried on digital bus lines, the analog signals are carried on analog bus lines, and the RF signals are sampled at antenna inputs. System behavior is evidenced by the various signals sampled and tested at the discrete instants in time represented by test cycles. The ultimate format for each item of captured behavior is preferably a test vector or digital word, although analog comparisons may be preferred for parametric tests such as a leakage current test. The main focus of this application applies to functional testing of digitized signals. However, reference sources including voltage and current sources, amplifiers and analog comparators may be included in the preferred test hardware for parametric testing. For digital signals the number of bits in the word corresponds to the number of digital bits sampled. Analog test signals are preferably converted from analog to digital format; the number of bits in each analog test vector is calculated as the number of analog signals sampled times the number of digitized bits per sample. RF test signals may be down-converted to a suitable intermediate frequency, then demodulated and digitized. The number of bits in each RF test vector is equal to the number of RF signals sampled times the number of digitized bits per sample.
The test system includes a learn mode and a test mode. The learn mode allows test vectors generated during selected cycles of system behavior to be automatically accumulated in memory. These vectors can be created by a reference system that is hopefully fully functional, or close to fully functional. The cycles selected are test cycles; they capture critical system behaviors or responses. Eliminating redundant or unnecessary test cycles has the benefit of reducing the required amount of memory on the test chip. The test program starts at time=0 with cycle count=0. The cycle count increments with each cycle of the timing reference or system clock. The temporal locations of selected cycles (cycle counts) are captured in a test mask which includes a memory bit for each test cycle performed. A "1" in the mask memory represents a selected cycle for which verification is required (a test cycle); a "0" represents an unselected cycle for which verification is not required. Typically, only a small percentage of total system cycles are required to be test cycles in order to reliably validate system behavior.
Successive approximations are employed to capture and refine the learned behavior of a properly functioning system. The goal is to automate the process where possible, avoid writing a detailed test program in a software language foreign to the system designers, and reduce the amount of labor required to optimize the selection of effective test vectors. After the learned behavior is refined and verified, the test vectors become proven test vectors; they can be loaded into reference memories for comparison with observed behavior of a system under test (SUT).
A test support computer stores a master copy of the test program, a master copy of the test mask memory, and a complete set of proven test vectors. These are loaded into the appropriate memories before testing commences. A test is performed by running the test program and comparing test vectors generated by the SUT against the proven test vectors. Any mismatch raises a flag which is reported at a given test cycle count. The test result is passed to the test support computer which diagnoses potential causes of any flagged mismatches, and displays recommendations to the test operator for reworking defective components in the system.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the following accompanying drawings.
Three signal types are tested by test chip 1 in the preferred embodiment. Digital input bus 10 is a collection of digital signals bussed to input pads and input buffers (not shown) of test chip 1. Similarly analog input bus 11 is a collection of analog signals bussed to test chip 1. RF inputs 12 are collected at one or more antenna sites on the SUT as shown. Preferably, signals of each type are routed in a manner that protects them from electrical noise sources in the system, typically by providing spatial separation between circuit blocks of different types, and among the signals of a given type.
Timing circuits 13 on the SUT provide a timing reference (TREF) 14. In a digital system employing synchronous design TREF 14 may be a digital system clock, with one system cycle represented by one period of the system clock. This is the most common type of system and for the purpose of illustration this is the type of system discussed herein. However, asynchronous designs and other timing methods are possible and are included within the scope of the present invention. TREF 14 is an input to cycle counter 15 which increments every system cycle, and provides a pointer (CCNT) 16 to every system cycle within a test program.
As a preferred first step in the process of learning correct system behavior, an application program that would run in system processor 17 is augmented with additional instructions to produce a test program. This is a convenient way to generate the first draft of the test program. The application software is typically written in a high level language; both the software and the program language are usually familiar to the system developers. The program is written to thoroughly exercise all of the features and components of the system. It is augmented with additional instructions that generate a test enable signal (TSTEN) 18 to highlight critical system cycles whenever it is judged that system behavior should be captured and tested. The behavior is preferably captured in test vectors. An example of a critical system cycle would be an instruction to read a register in a system component containing a digital variable that has just been calculated or has otherwise just changed to reflect a new result. The selected cycles are combined with TREF 14 to produce a mask memory 19 and also to generate test strobes such as TSTB 20. The mask memory is a serial memory that contains a 1 for system cycles that are selected as test cycles, and a 0 for all other cycles. In practice the sampling circuits may operate continuously, with only a few of the samples tested. We shall define "sample and test" as a unified sequence that includes both sampling and testing of the sampled input. System behavior is only sampled and tested during test cycles, which are typically a small fraction, perhaps 1% of the total system cycles. Similarly a test strobe 20 is generated only during test cycles, and is referenced to TREF 14. This preliminary process for generating test vectors may be imprecise because the instruction used to generate TSTEN 18 typically occupies several system cycles. Consequently, too many 1s may be placed in mask memory. However, a test program developer can easily scan these sequences and cull the number of 1s to create an optimal set. This refinement of the mask memory is typically performed using software running on test support computer 2.
A bi-directional bus interface 21 is provided between test support computer 2 and system processor 17. Interface 21 is used for general communications such as may be required for synchronization, and also for passing test programs and augmented test programs back and forth between SUT 3 and test support computer 2.
After the first phase of selecting critical test cycles is complete as outlined above, a preliminary version of mask memory 19 is available in test chip 1. Bi-directional interface 22 allows the mask image to be passed back and forth between mask memory 19 and test support computer 2 as it is successively refined and tested.
Other interfaces to test support computer 2 include results bus 23 for reporting test results from the fail memories, and a bi-directional interface 24 to the reference memories. As will be described, the reference memories contain proven test vectors used for comparison with system outputs. As with the test program and the mask memory, it is desirable to pass the contents of the reference memories in and out of test support computer 2 during the process of refining them.
We shall first examine testing of system behavior represented by digital signals. A core logic block 25 on test chip 1 includes a reference memory 26, a digital comparator 27, and a fail memory 28. Digital input bus 10 is sampled to form a test vector, DVIN, 29 at one input to comparator 27. The number of bits in test vector DVIN 29 corresponds to the number of digital bits sampled. During test mode, the other input to comparator 27 is provided by reference memory 26 in the form of a proven digital test vector, PDV 30. During learn mode, digital inputs 10 are sampled and captured in reference memory 26. If the SUT is fully functional, then the learned test vectors will indicate correct system behavior. This method of learning the correct system behavior can eliminate a lot of work in generating and validating the test vectors by simulation or other means.
Multiple system prototypes may be used to generate the learned behavior; some will contribute only a portion of the total behavior, others will be used to statistically validate the learned responses. The learned test vectors are transferred to test support computer 2 where they are assembled and saved in a memory block comprising a full set of digital test vectors. For a given test cycle, if the compared vectors DVIN and PDV are the same, then no error flag is raised and no entries are written to fail memory 28. Conversely, if the two vectors are not the same, comparator 27 will send an error flag for digital signals, DFLG, 31 to fail memory 28. DFLG 31 will cause CCNT 16 to be saved in fail memory 28 as a pointer to a failed test cycle. It is preferable to store in fail memory 28 the value of CCNT when the failure occurred, plus all the bits of the comparison vector. At least one of these bits will be a zero to indicate that a failure occurred. The location of 0's within the comparison vector may be used by diagnostic software hosted in test support computer 2 to help determine the specific failing component or components, to support subsequent recommendations to the test operator about which components need to be replaced.
An alternative embodiment of the test architecture will provide the comparison test vector in the appropriate reference memory by sampling a second operating system with known good behavior. The critical requirement is that a known good test vector be provided at the instant of comparison, whether it is predetermined and loaded into reference memory or provided by a parallel operating system.
Next we shall examine testing of system behavior represented by analog signals. The same core logic block 25 is used in the test path for analog inputs 11, enumerated as digital comparator 35, reference memory 36, and fail memory 37. An analog to digital converter, ADC, 38 digitizes each waveform of the sampled data and concatenates the digitized words to form a test vector, AVIN, 39. Again, system behavior can be learned by loading sampled and digitized analog inputs into reference memory 36 and then reading the digital words into test support computer 2, to create a memory block comprising a full set of analog test vectors. In test mode however, reference memory 36 has been pre-loaded with known good or proven test vectors from test support computer 2. If a digital comparison produces a mismatch between test vector AVIN 39. and proven test vector PAV 40, error flag AFLG 41 for analog signals is sent to fail memory 37.
Next we shall examine testing of system behavior represented by RF signals. The same core logic block 25 is used in the test path for radio frequency inputs 12, enumerated as digital comparator 45, reference memory 46, and fail memory 47. An RF converter, RFC, down-converts each RF signal to a suitable intermediate frequency, IF, and demodulates the signal. The parallel stream of demodulated signals 49 is digitized by analog to digital converter, ADC, 50, and the digitized words are concatenated to form test vector, RVIN, 51. Again, system behavior can be learned by loading sampled and digitized RF inputs into reference memory 46 and then reading the digital words into test support computer 2, to create a memory block comprising a full set of RF test vectors. In test mode however, reference memory 46 has been pre-loaded with known good or proven test vectors from test support computer 2. If a digital comparison produces a mismatch between test vector RVIN 51 and proven test vector PRV 52, error flag RFLG 53 for RF signals is sent to fail memory 47.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Jun 5, 1981
|Jun 19, 1984
|John Fluke Mfg. Co., Inc.
|Test apparatus for electronic assemblies employing a microprocessor
|Aug 8, 1985
|May 31, 1988
|Dypax Systems Corporation
|High density multi-chip interconnection and cooling package
|May 2, 1988
|Aug 29, 1989
|Bickford Harry R
|Double electronic device structure having beam leads solderlessly bonded between contact locations on each device and projecting outwardly from therebetween
|Aug 10, 1988
|Apr 3, 1990
|Dimensional Circuits Corporation
|Methods of producing printed circuit boards
|Nov 28, 1989
|Mar 19, 1991
|Coriolis Corporation
|Multi-chip module cooling
|May 15, 1991
|Oct 27, 1992
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Composite liquid cooled plate for electronic equipment
|Apr 15, 1991
|Nov 10, 1992
|Unisys Corporation
|Heat sink assembly for cooling electronic components
|Sep 19, 1991
|May 25, 1993
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Method of reworking circuit panels, and circuit panels reworked thereby
|Aug 21, 1991
|Aug 24, 1993
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Apparatus for cooling integrated circuit chips
|Oct 28, 1991
|Aug 24, 1993
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Formulation of multichip modules
|Sep 11, 1992
|Dec 7, 1993
|Digital Equipment Corporation
|Package for multiple removable integrated circuits
|Jun 23, 1992
|Jan 25, 1994
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Semiconductor chip carrier, module having same chip carrier mounted therein, and electronic device incorporating same module
|Sep 18, 1992
|Mar 1, 1994
|Unisys Corporation
|Multilayer printed circuit board rework method and rework pin
|Apr 16, 1992
|Mar 1, 1994
|Nec Corporation
|Package structure for semiconductor device having a flexible wiring circuit member spaced from the package casing
|Dec 16, 1992
|Apr 19, 1994
|Ibm Corporation
|Method and apparatus for immersion cooling or an electronic board
|Aug 27, 1993
|Aug 2, 1994
|Gregoire George D
|Method and apparatus for making printed circuit boards
|Sep 3, 1993
|Nov 22, 1994
|Motorola, Inc.
|Optical/electrical connector and method of fabrication
|Apr 8, 1993
|Feb 21, 1995
|Gregoire; George D.
|Method for making printed circuit boards
|Oct 4, 1994
|Sep 19, 1995
|Gregoire; George D.
|Printed circuit board with metallized grooves
|Apr 6, 1994
|Apr 23, 1996
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Multilayer microstrip wiring board with a semiconductor device mounted thereon via bumps
|Oct 30, 1995
|Dec 3, 1996
|Molex Incorporated
|Method of fabricating flat flexible circuits
|Aug 12, 1996
|May 6, 1997
|Pace; Benedict G.
|Inverted chip bonded module with high packaging efficiency
|Jun 2, 1995
|Jun 3, 1997
|Motorola, Inc.
|Semiconductor device having built-in high frequency bypass capacitor
|Dec 9, 1994
|Jun 17, 1997
|Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd.
|Chip package, a chip carrier, a terminal electrode for a circuit substrate and a chip package-mounted complex
|Dec 5, 1996
|Jun 30, 1998
|National Semiconductor Corporation
|Testing scheme that re-uses original stimulus for testing circuitry embedded within a larger circuit
|Aug 16, 1993
|Sep 1, 1998
|Geraberger Thermometer Werk Gmbh
|Clinical thermometer
|Jun 20, 1997
|Dec 8, 1998
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|Optimized routing scheme for an integrated circuit/printed circuit board
|Oct 21, 1996
|May 4, 1999
|Formfactor, Inc.
|Contact structure device for interconnections, interposer, semiconductor assembly and package using the same and method
|May 16, 1997
|Oct 26, 1999
|Micron Communications, Inc.
|Methods of fixturing flexible circuit substrates and a processing carrier, processing a flexible circuit and processing a flexible circuit substrate relative to a processing carrier
|Aug 30, 1996
|Dec 7, 1999
|Motorola Inc.
|Electronic control module
|Oct 7, 1997
|Dec 21, 1999
|Dimensional Circuits Corporation
|Wiring board constructions and methods of making same
|Dec 23, 1998
|Aug 15, 2000
|Samsung Electronics, Co., Ltd.
|Method for packaging integrated circuits with elastomer chip carriers
|Dec 11, 1997
|Sep 19, 2000
|Tessera, Inc.
|Stacked microelectronic assembly and method therefor
|Mar 8, 1999
|Oct 31, 2000
|Polymer Flip Chip Corporation
|Method of forming electrically conductive polymer interconnects on electrical substrates
|Sep 24, 1998
|Jan 16, 2001
|United Microelectronics Corp.
|Dual damascene manufacturing process
|Dec 31, 1998
|Mar 27, 2001
|Lucent Technologies, Inc.
|Arrangement for enclosing a fluid and method of manufacturing a fluid retaining enclosure
|Feb 4, 1999
|May 1, 2001
|Tessera, Inc.
|Stacked microelectronic assembly and method therefor
|Nov 25, 1998
|Jun 12, 2001
|3M Innovative Properties Company
|High density electronic package
|Dec 31, 1999
|Oct 16, 2001
|Lucent Technologies, Inc.
|Arrangement for cooling an electrical assembly
|Jun 28, 1999
|Oct 30, 2001
|Micron Technology, Inc.
|Semiconductor test interconnect with variable flexure contacts
|Apr 11, 2001
|Apr 16, 2002
|Nec Corporation
|Semiconductor package and semiconductor package fabrication method
|Oct 22, 1999
|May 21, 2002
|Intel Corporation
|Chip package and method
|Oct 18, 2000
|Aug 27, 2002
|Seiko Epson Corporation
|Flexible tape carrier with external terminals formed on interposers
|Dec 21, 1999
|Oct 8, 2002
|Dimensional Circuits Corp.
|Wiring board constructions and methods of making same
|Nov 27, 2000
|Feb 4, 2003
|Intel Corporation
|Package integrated faraday cage to reduce electromagnetic emissions from an integrated circuit
|May 10, 2001
|Mar 4, 2003
|Charles Wen Chyang Lin
|Bumpless flip chip assembly with solder via
|Nov 9, 2001
|Jul 1, 2003
|International Business Machines Corporation
|Electronic device substrate assembly with impermeable barrier and method of making
|Mar 26, 1999
|Oct 7, 2003
|Synopsys, Inc.
|Method and system for performing deterministic analysis and speculative analysis for more efficient automatic test pattern generation
|May 30, 2000
|Jan 27, 2004
|Amkor Technology, Inc.
|Multi-stacked memory package
|Dec 2, 2002
|Apr 20, 2004
|High Connection Density, Inc.
|Test and burn-in connector
|Jun 26, 2003
|Jul 20, 2004
|Evserv Tech Corporation
|Liquid cooled radiation module for servers
|Dec 18, 2002
|Aug 31, 2004
|Hitachi, Ltd.
|Semiconductor device and manufacturing method thereof
|Mar 7, 2001
|Jan 18, 2005
|Renesas Technology Corp.
|Semiconductor test device for conducting an operation test in parallel on many chips in a wafer test and semiconductor test method
|Nov 4, 2003
|Apr 19, 2005
|Peter C. Salmon
|Component connections using bumps and wells
|Sep 16, 2002
|May 10, 2005
|Shinko Electric Industries Co., Ltd.
|Multilayer circuit board and semiconductor device using the same
|Sep 6, 2002
|Aug 9, 2005
|Peter C. Salmon
|Electronic system modules and method of fabrication
|Jun 23, 2000
|Sep 6, 2005
|Lucent Technologies Inc.
|Arrangement for liquid cooling an electrical assembly using assisted flow
|Nov 12, 2002
|Sep 13, 2005
|Unitechno Inc.
|Connector structure for connecting electronic parts
|Jun 14, 2003
|Oct 18, 2005
|Nanomist Systems, Llc
|Cooling of electronics and high density power dissipation systems by fine-mist flooding
|Mar 31, 2004
|Oct 18, 2005
|Staktek Group L.P.
|Integrated circuit stacking system and method
|Jan 15, 2003
|Oct 18, 2005
|Sun Microsystems, Inc.
|EMI grounding pins for CPU/ASIC chips
|Sep 9, 2004
|Dec 13, 2005
|Infineon Technologies Ag
|Method for producing a semiconductor device in chip format
|Oct 30, 2003
|Jan 24, 2006
|General Electric Company
|Methods and apparatus for tileable sensor array
|Aug 12, 2004
|Mar 7, 2006
|Nanonexus, Inc.
|Massively parallel interface for electronic circuit
|Aug 15, 2002
|May 9, 2006
|Nec Corporation
|Telecommunication device including a housing having improved heat conductivity
|Aug 23, 2004
|Jul 18, 2006
|Formfactor, Inc.
|Wafer-level burn-in and test
|Dec 7, 2004
|Jan 16, 2007
|Salmon Peter C
|Method for temporarily engaging electronic component for test
|Apr 8, 2005
|Aug 7, 2007
|Salmon Peter C
|Cooling apparatus and method
|Aug 30, 2001
|Mar 14, 2002
|Moon Ow Chee
|Packaged microelectronic die assemblies and methods of manufacture
|Apr 25, 2002
|Sep 5, 2002
|Nec Corporation
|Flip chip type semiconductor device and method for manufacturing the same
|Aug 16, 2001
|Feb 20, 2003
|Jun Takinosawa
|Self test circuit for evaluating a high-speed serial interface
|May 10, 2002
|Jun 5, 2003
|Intellitech Corporation
|Method and apparatus for embedded built-in self-test (BIST) of electronic circuits and systems
|Mar 29, 2002
|Sep 4, 2003
|Nec Usa, Inc.
|Re-configurable embedded core test protocol for system-on-chips (SOC) and circuit boards
|Oct 28, 2002
|Sep 11, 2003
|Tessera, Inc.
|Methods of making microelectronic assemblies including folded substrates
|Jan 16, 2004
|Jul 29, 2004
|Texas Instruments Incorporated
|On-chip test mechanism for transceiver power amplifier and oscillator frequency
|Feb 20, 2004
|Feb 24, 2005
|Salmon Peter C.
|Copper-faced modules, imprinted copper circuits, and their application to supercomputers
|Feb 19, 2004
|Aug 25, 2005
|Salmon Peter C.
|System in package
|Apr 8, 2005
|Nov 17, 2005
|Salmon Peter C
|Micro blade assembly
|Nov 24, 2004
|Apr 13, 2006
|Salmon Peter C
|Adaptive interface using flexible fingers
|Dec 16, 2004
|Jun 22, 2006
|Salmon Peter C
|Repairable three-dimensional semiconductor subsystem
|Jun 24, 2005
|Sep 21, 2006
|Fujitsu Limited
|Heat receiving member, heat receiving device and electronic equipment
|Jul 27, 2006
|Feb 1, 2007
|Salmon Peter C
|Copper substrate with feedthroughs and interconnection circuits
|Jul 27, 2006
|Feb 1, 2007
|Salmon Peter C
|Electro-optic interconnection apparatus and method
|Jul 27, 2006
|Feb 1, 2007
|Salmon Peter C
|Flip chip interface including a mixed array of heat bumps and signal bumps
|Jul 27, 2006
|Feb 1, 2007
|Salmon Peter C
|Scalable subsystem architecture having integrated cooling channels
|Title not available
|Chow, Eugene M. et al., "Process Compatible Polysilicon-Based Electrical Through-Wafer Interconnects in Silicon Substrates", Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol. 11, No. 6, Dec. 2002, pp. 631-640.
|Dann Gustavson, "New Test Methods and Their Impact on Design", Printed Circuit Design, Jun. 2002, pp. 8-11 and p. 35.
|Davis & Arledge, "Thin Film Metallization of Three Dimensional Substrates", Electronic Components Technology Conference, Proceedings 44th, May 1-4, 1994, pp. 359-361 (Abstract only).
|Gutmann, R.J. et al., "Wafer-Level Three-Dimensional Ics: A Better Solution Than SoCs and SiPs?", 6 pages.
|Holden, Happy, "A Design Technology Innovation-The Power Mesh Architecture for PCBs", The Board Authority, Dec. 2000, pp. 2-6.
|Sensu, Yoshihisa et al., "Study on Improved Resolution of Thick Film Resist (Verification by Simulation)", SPIE, 2001.
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Sep 16, 2014
|Nov 15, 2016
|Invensas Corporation
|Use of underfill tape in microelectronic components, and microelectronic components with cavities coupled to through-substrate vias
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Mar 21, 2007
Owner name: PETER C. SALMON, LLC, A CALIFORNIA LIMITED LIABILI
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SALMON, PETER C.;REEL/FRAME:019044/0030
Effective date: 20070313
|Sep 6, 2007
Owner name: SALMON TECHNOLOGIES, LLC, CALIFORNIA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:PETER C. SALMON, LLC;REEL/FRAME:019789/0839
Effective date: 20070905
|Aug 22, 2012
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Sep 1, 2016
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8


text:
This was announced on Wednesday by Trump's candidate for the post of secretary of state Rex Tillerson in the first confirmation hearings in the Senate, Censor.NET reports citing Fox News.
"That was a taking of territory that was not theirs," he said.
According to Tillerson, the United States offered a "weak response" against Russia for its actions in Crimea, which prompted Moscow to further activity in the east of Ukraine.
Tillerson stressed in those circumstances the U.S. should act more decisively, including sharing intelligence data with Ukraine on the situation in the country's east and providing it with defensive weapons.
He added the Minsk agreements have not yet been fulfilled. According to him, Russia does not exhibit unpredictability defending its interests.
"Russia today poses a danger, but it is not unpredictable in advancing its own interests," he said.
"We need an open and frank dialogue with Russia regarding its ambitions, so that we know how to chart our own course," he added.
Tillerson said NATO realistically assesses the danger posed by Russia.
"Our NATO allies are right to be alarmed at a resurgent Russia," he remarked.
Tillerson also expressed concerns about reports on Russia's meddling in the recent U.S. election.
"That report clearly is troubling," he said, answering a question by Senator Marco Rubio.
Related materials: Occupation of Crimea
40 countries back UN resolution on occupied Crimea, - Deputy Foreign Minister Kyslytsia(0)
Chiygoz: There are no Crimeans other than Ukraine's citizens living in Crimea(0)
Crimea to be purged after de-occupation, 200,000 persons have to leave, - Chubarov(0)
Kazakhstan shows map of Ukraine without Crimea. PHOTO(0)


text:
Factory Hill
|Factory Hill
Red Mountains, Factory Hill in foreground
|Highest point
|9,527 ft (2,904 m) [1]
|Parent range
|Red Mountains
|Topo map
|USGS Mount Sheridan
Factory Hill el. 9,527 feet (2,904 m) is a mountain peak in the Red Mountains of Yellowstone National Park. It is directly north of Mount Sheridan and west of the Heart Lake Geyser Basin. Early in the history of Yellowstone, this peak was call Red Mountain by the Hayden surveys, a name later transferred to the range in which it resides. In 1885, the Hague Geological Survey gave the peak its present name based on the following passage by Nathaniel P. Langford in his 1871 Scribner's account of the Washburn–Langford–Doane Expedition. Langford's party was camped near the south arm of Yellowstone Lake at the time.[2]
Factory Hill was so named because the noise and steam proceeding from them resembled in this respect an active factory town.[3]
Through the hazy atmosphere we beheld, on the shore of the inlet opposite our camp, the steam ascending in jets from more than fifty craters [Heart Lake Geyser Basin] giving it much the appearance of a New England factory village.— Nathaniel P. Langford, Scribner's, February, 1871[4]
See also[edit]
- ^ a b "Factory Hill". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2010-01-20.
- ^ Whittlesey, Lee (1988). Yellowstone Place Names. Helena, MT: Montana Historical Society Press. pp. 53–54. ISBN 0-917298-15-2.
- ^ Gannett, Henry (1905). The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States. Govt. Print. Off. p. 123.
- ^ Langford, Nathaniel P. (May–June 1871). "The Wonders of the Yellowstone". Scribner's Monthly. II (1-2): 120.