text:
Derek Lee Nelson, the author of "The Ravages of Teredo: The Rise and Fall of Shipworm in US History, 1860–1940," published in Environmental History 1, 2016, was featured in an article in Hakai Magazine earlier this year. Hakai is a Canadian magazine that focuses on coastal environments and culture, aiming to integrate humans and nature rather than view them as inherently incompatible.
Dr. Lawrence Culver joins Environmental History editorial team as Book Review Editor
Environmental History Field Notes 1, 2016
Practicing in Place: The Environmental History Retreat
By Hayley Brazier — University of Oregon — email@example.com
noun – re·treat – \ri-ˈtrēt\
1: an act or process of withdrawing especially from what is difficult, dangerous, or disagreeable
2: a place of privacy or safety: refuge
3: a period of group withdrawal for prayer, meditation, study, or instruction under a director[i]
Thoughts on Retreating
As a child growing up in Kansas, I did not know how to learn from the landscape. My formal education emphasized classroom knowledge while the extent of my outdoor education equated to a month-long summer camp called Back to Nature when I was ten-years-old. I became oriented with the Oregon Trail while playing a computer game, only to be interrupted by a hungry Tamagotchi pet beeping in my pocket. Social scientists have aptly named my cohort the Net Generation: we were encouraged to learn inside while developing fluency with computers, math, and standardized tests.[ii]
That is not to say I was completely detached from the outdoors. I grew up camping, hiking, and swimming in lakes, but I was never expected to learn from the environment on which I played. I could not identify the century-old wagon wheel ruts in the ground or the names of local tree species. I studied photosynthesis using a textbook, not a plant. I understood that Kansas was the breadbasket of the nation, but I never touched the corn or wheat. While I became a strong reader, I was not a strong explorer.
Now as an adult, retreating to the outdoors has a certain je ne sais quoi, a significance that I cannot quite define. Many social scientists have attempted to identify the importance of learning outside and their studies reflect that it is highly beneficial for children and adults. Outdoor education engages the five senses, creating a full-body immersion that stimulates more than just the brain. Studies show that students who participate in outdoor learning ranging from gardening to wilderness survival develop leadership and self-reliance skills while also becoming better caretakers of the environment.[iii]
While I am training to be an environmental historian, I want to avoid the educational pitfalls of my childhood. As logophiles, historians understand the past through documents that tell us a story of the human experience. But we often forget the physicality and tangibility of our ancestors. Documents cannot provide scale and sensation, and they cannot always tell us how altitude, rain, sickness, adrenaline, cold, and heat have affected human decisions. The physical research of a landscape is equally important to the documents accompanying that place. Environmental history retreats provide historians a glimpse into the shared human experience of corporeality.
Most science and environmental management departments figured out long ago that they should send their students to local field schools to learn the basics of their craft. How else does a forestry student identify the Latin names of tree species without practicing on the trees that surround them? However, this is not a routine practice for humanities students. In an age of digital scholarship, retreating to the outdoors seems comparatively old-fashioned to website design or GIS training. Many historians rarely use their own physical experiences to connect them to their research. There should be annual outdoor educational retreats to teach environmental historians how to read the landscape.
This focus on outdoor learning is gaining popularity in our discipline. At its annual conference, for example, the American Society for Environmental History incorporates outdoor field trips and group exercise. The Center for Culture, History, and Environment at University of Wisconsin-Madison holds an annual place-based workshop. And the Public Lands History Center at Colorado State University hosts a Parks as Portals to Learning with its graduate employees. As a graduate student, I have attended two outdoor retreats. While an MA student at Colorado State University in May 2013, I went on a three-day retreat in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. And this past September, during my first quarter as a PhD student at the University of Oregon, I participated in a three-day retreat near Mount Rainier, Washington.
Retreats are an innovative form of scholarship designed to entice environmental historians out of the archival and conference settings and into research stations, cabins, and yurts to begin collaborating in spaces that encourage a shared physical experience. As historian Jeremy Vetter notes, retreats offer scholarship that is "deeply immersed in place."[iv] Retreats transform mountain trails, abandoned mines, agricultural fields, or rivers into landscapes of learning, where retreaters study the topography, informally present their research, and workshop their writing. On these retreats, I have learned to practice in place.
My dissertation may or may not involve the Colorado and Washington landscapes at which I attended retreats, but for me this does not detract from their usefulness. Environmental history retreats have deepened my understanding of how the human body functions outside: the physical energy it takes a human to scale a mountain, the weariness caused by the constant drizzle of rain, the size of a glacier in comparison to the human frame. While I am still digging my way toward a dissertation topic, I cannot help but favor histories that will provide access to their places. I attribute that inclination to the strong influence environmental history retreats have had on me as a graduate student.
In a 2010 Environmental History forum, Adrian Howkins eloquently addressed the "Have You Been There?" question. For many historians, there may be places that are too far, expensive, or dangerous to visit right now: Antarctica, war-torn regions, outer space, or depths of the Atlantic Ocean. In some of these cases, the documents pertaining to that place are not kept at the site itself, and yet we still trust that historians can describe the landscape even if they cannot physically reach it.[v] Visiting there does not provide historians legitimacy within our craft, those skills having been developed while researching in the archive and writing in the classroom. But it does seem that if an historian has the opportunity to go there, they should. Going there can provide historians a corporeal perspective on their topic, a sense of scale, of smell, of sound.
For environmental historians retreating in the western United States, there tends to be trails winding through the mountains. But there may be Saint Basil's Cathedral for architectural historians or Kamakura for historians of medieval Japan. I acknowledge that the environments on retreats are not likely the same environments each retreater studies. Yet retreats provide a rehearsal, a mock stage on which we can learn to read the landscape. Because of my retreats, I can now recognize almost-imperceptible wagon ruts, the crumbling foundation of a homestead, or the melting stream of a muddy glacier. For historians, identifying those changes in the landscape can influence our interpretation of the archival evidence.
Thoughts on Planning a Retreat
The first environmental history retreat I attended was WEST Network in May 2013. I was the guest of my MA adviser, Mark Fiege. We converged at Pingree Park, a Colorado State University research station just a few hours away from the main Fort Collins campus. We were met by approximately fifteen other graduate students and faculty from Montana, Colorado, and Arizona.
The WEST Network was the invention of Jeremy Vetter, Paul Sutter, Michael Reidy, Mark Fiege, and Katherine Morrissey, who are located at public universities across the Rocky Mountain West. The WEST Network was a collaborative effort to combat intellectual seclusion and bring together environmental, science, and technology historians from four public universities. As Sutter remembers, "The idea was to create a network that was greater than the sum of our individual institutional strengths."[vi] The WEST Network has become an annual event for this group of historians and their returning graduate students.
In September 2015, I attended a second environmental history retreat hosted at the University of Washington's Center for Sustainable Forestry at Pack Forest. Pack Forest is located just a short drive from Mount Rainier and about a five hour drive from my PhD program at the University of Oregon in Eugene. Called the Cascadia Environmental History Collaborative (CEHC), the retreat was the product of Marsha Weisiger and Linda Nash's desire to emulate the WEST Network concept for their West Coast peers. Now entering its third year, Weisiger and Nash invite professors and graduate students from nearby universities in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. In 2015, they also invited Environmental History editor Lisa Brady and the University of Washington Press senior acquisitions editor Regan Huff.[vii]
I emailed a survey of five questions to the founders of both the WEST Network and the CEHC. I asked permission from the retreat planners to use their email responses to help build this portion of the field note, and I am quoting pieces of their responses to supplement my perspective on the value of the environmental history retreat. While I would emphasize the importance of retreats teaching attendees to read the landscape, many of the organizers I surveyed emphasized the retreat's ability to foster networking and friendships. Though it is possible for these connections to blossom at national conferences, those meetings are typically larger and increase competition for attendees to access peers or presenters. As Nash astutely noticed, "Conferences provide one avenue for extending networks, but you rarely make 'friends' at a conference; you make contacts."[viii] While rooming, eating, and recreating together for multiple days at the retreat, students and professors familiarize with each other on a deeper level, allowing them to not only meet people from outside their university, but also get to know those whom they have merely passed in the hallways at their own.
One setback of traditional conferences is what Weisiger refers to as "passive engagement with the discipline."[ix] If not presenting a paper, conference attendees often camouflage themselves amongst a sea of scholars. But at the retreats I have attended, organizers required every single retreater, graduate student and professional alike, to present some portion of their work. This practice is a great equalizer for what is typically a hierarchical relationship. As a student, it has been fulfilling to have my mentors take interest in my research and give their undivided attention to my questions.
Retreats can boost graduate enthusiasm, but they can also act as a recruitment tool. As a faculty member at CU Boulder, Sutter noted that one function of the WEST Network was "to help us compete" with other universities "for quality graduate students."[x] From a graduate student perspective, I personally considered Weisiger and Nash's annual CEHC as a real benefit to attending the University of Oregon for my PhD because I had such a rewarding experience attending the WEST Network as an MA student.
On both the retreats I attended, we relied on the environmental expertise of the attendees to guide the group. It may be that among any number of environmental historians, someone is an experienced outdoors person, former park guide, activist, or scientist who can speak to a specific environmental topic. For example, at the CEHC retreat, we took a day trip to Mount Rainier National Park where Mark Carey led the group along the Moraine Trail to the Nisqually Glacier. Carey once worked as a ranger at the National Park before being trained in history and glaciology. The Nisqually Glacier was an important visual to supplement the group's reoccurring discussion of the Anthropocene, as the glacier has retreated significantly since scientists began studying it in the 1850s.[xi] Another example, at the 2013 WEST Network retreat, Vetter's background in science prompted a spontaneous discussion of the surrounding conifer and deciduous tree species.
On these retreats, I have appreciated every opportunity to go outside and hear the scholarship of my graduate peers and professors. Weisiger and Nash hosted an outdoor book share, where retreaters hiked to a nearby location and discussed the books with which they most enjoy teaching. And in 2013 at the WEST Network retreat, Reidy delivered his research on the history of mountaineering while standing on top of a peak in the Rocky Mountains. As you can imagine, the backdrop could not have been more apposite.
For the CEHC retreat, Weisiger and Nash organized a number of indoor informational sessions, a necessity in a region where it continuously rains. Meeting in the main lodge, we workshopped graduate and faculty papers alike, watched the documentary DamNation with a post-film discussion, and participated in the increasingly popular "Anthropocene Slam," where retreaters presented objects that represent the dilemma of our current, contested epoch. One object presented in the slam was a new, plastic recycling trashcan required by the university's maintenance staff to replace a decades-old metal can, which had been doing its job just fine. Particularly useful for me were the sessions meant to introduce graduate students to academic publishing. For example, Lisa Brady used a draft of Jake Hamblin's current research to discuss Environmental History's acceptance standards. And helpful for both the graduate students and professors, University of Washington Press's acquisition editor Regan Huff workshopped Alessandro Antonello's book proposal.
I have found that it is beneficial that retreat organizers maintain a low cost of attendance. It may be feasible to provide two rates, one for professors and one for graduate students, but ideally the cost will not range over a few hundred dollars a person. For both of the retreats I attended, the history department provided my funding. Without funding, however, I still could have afforded the $212 graduate student cost of the 2015 CEHC retreat, which included travel to Washington, three nights in a furnished cabin, and three meals a day. During travel to both retreats, I carpooled with people in my program, another way to reduce costs and the consumption of fossil fuels.
To keep costs low, the best location for retreats are university research stations. For those historians within the United States, it is useful to know that all land-grant universities operate a research station.[xii] These stations are usually located a few hours from the main campus and host students from forestry or science departments. Typically, they are also available for private bookings and come equipped with cabins, bathrooms, meetings spaces, and a cafeteria.
For those historians outside the United States, organizers can talk to the scientists at their universities to see where they send their own students to perform field research, as these can also be ideal spots for environmental historians.[xiii] Rustic locations, such as research stations, are not only inexpensive but also lend themselves to a richer experience for attendees. Keep the group small, the keep the itinerary simple, and keep the cost low. These are the keys to not only a successful environmental history retreat, but also a successful scholarly experience.
[i] Merriam-Webster Dictionary, "Retreat," accessed 1 February 2016, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/retreat.
[ii] For a discussion of the Net Generation, see Pierre Walter, "Greening the Net Generation: Outdoor Adult Learning in the Digital Age," Adult Learning 24, no. 4 (Nov 2013): 151+.
[iii] Walter, "Greening the Net Generation," 151+.
[iv] Jeremy Vetter, email to the author, 17 January 2016.
[v] This paragraph is in conversation with Adrian Howkins's, "'Have You Been There?' Some Thoughts on (Not) Visiting Antarctica," Environmental History 15 (July 2010): 514-519.
[vi] Paul Sutter, email to the author, 26 December 2015.
[vii] Marsha Weisiger, email to the author, 12 December 2015; Linda Nash, email to the author, 5 January 2016.
[viii] Linda Nash, email to the author, 5 January 2016.
[ix] Marsha Weisiger, email to the author, 12 December 2015.
[x] Paul Sutter, email to the author, 26 December 2015.
[xi] National Park Service, "Mount Rainier Glaciers," accessed 1 February 2016, http://www.nps.gov/mora/learn/nature/mount-rainier-glaciers.htm.
[xii] Michael Reidy, email to the author, 21 December 2015.
[xiii] Paul Sutter, email to the author, 26 December 2015.
*Cover Photo: Pack Forest Research Station, Washington. Photograph courtesy of the author.
Book Review Editor Search
The editorial team of Environmental History seeks letters of interest for the position of Book Review Editor. The successful candidate will be responsible for managing the entire book review process for the journal from deciding which books will go out for review, determining the best reviewers for each book, working with reviewers to ensure the quality and timeliness of reviews, and working with the production team at Oxford University Press on the copyediting, proofing, and publication of reviews. On average, the Book Review Editor oversees reviews for 125-150 books each year.
Basic duties include: working with the Forest History Society staff who do most of the initial processing of books received for the journal; communicating with reviewers by email and regular mail; managing and organizing reviews for publication; working with OUP Production staff on all aspects of publishing the reviews; maintaining and expanding the reviewer database (currently consisting of over 500 reviewers); submitting two reports, one each spring for the ASEH Executive Committee and the Forest History Society Board of Directors and a briefer one each fall for the FHS Board; attending the annual ASEH conference; and keeping open lines of communication with the Editor-in-Chief.
Minimum qualifications: a PhD with expertise in Environmental History and its related fields; excellent communication and organizational skills; high fluency in written English (all reviews are written and published in English); authorship of at least one peer-reviewed monograph; membership in ASEH, FHS, or both.
Preferred qualifications: support from an institution (such as course buy-out or graduate assistance).
Interested individuals should send 1) a brief (3-page) CV with contact information for two references and 2) a letter of interest addressing their qualifications and their reasons for applying to the position to: Editor-in-Chief Lisa M. Brady at email@example.com.
Deadline for receipt of materials is March 15, 2016. Top candidates will be contacted for informal interviews with the Editor-in-Chief at the ASEH annual meeting in Seattle (phone or Skype conversations will be scheduled for those who are not attending the meeting).
Environmental History Field Notes 2, 2014
Using digital techniques to broaden participatory approaches in environmental history: the Snow Scenes Exhibition
By Alexander Hall – Coventry University – firstname.lastname@example.com
Joseph Hardman had a way of capturing a disappearing way of life. The photographer documented changing landscapes, local events, personalities and regional traditions from the early 1930s to the 1960s. Based in Cumbria in the North-West of England, Hardman covered up to 200 miles a week, usually by taxi, to document a rural way of life that was undergoing significant change. Much like the work of famous US landscape photographers and photojournalists, such as Ansell Adams and Dorothea Lange1, Hardman's photographs present a great resource for environmental historians in their attempts to narrate cultural and landscape histories that have often left few textual records.
Last year, whilst working as a research assistant in the School of Geography at the University of Nottingham, I came across Hardman's recently digitised collection, containing over 4,500 wonderful photographs depicting rural life and landscapes in the UK. I came across the photographs whilst doing research for an Arts and Humanities Research Council funded project called Snow Scenes, which was attempting to expand regional understandings of snow and severe winters in the UK by collecting personal weather memories and connecting them with archival research on past extreme winters. As the project's case-study region was in Cumbria, Hardman's adopted home and the subject of the vast majority of his work, I immediately knew this vast collection could play an important role in our research. I painstakingly began to go through the images, identifying each one relating to snow, ice, or winter conditions. Fortunately for the project, Hardman's interest in the seasons and the agricultural calendar meant that I counted over 500 images that depicted winter conditions in our case study region.
The images would be a valuable secondary resource for the project, helping us to bridge the gap between the personal memories we were collecting and documentary records. However, I was also keen to use the images as part of the participatory methodology we were developing, somehow using these striking visual aids to encourage communities to participate and submit their memories. The methodology we were developing sought to engage a broad cross-section of the case study community by collecting their memories of periods of extreme cold using a combination of traditional methods, such as focus groups, and digital technologies, such as social media. Adopting a multi-faceted approach for participation, the design of the project was guided by both the medium and the content of the submissions we received. The memories, submissions, and artefacts collected were then to be explored and analysed in the context of historical and archival records from the area, including regional newspaper archives, county and school records, local oral history collections, and meteorological records. This methodology, which relied on an integrated model of public engagement, allowed participants to become more than passive informants to our research, creating a meaningful dialogue within local communities.2
Key to this approach being successful was a need for us to be flexible as the project developed and as initial archival and participant sources were gathered and analysed. So, still pondering how best the project could utilise this newfound resource, I began reading up on Hardman, his collection, and the Museum of Lakeland Life and Industry, where his archive is held.
Joseph Hardman (1893-1972) moved to Kendal, Cumbria in 1911 from the metropolis of Manchester, and it was here he developed an amateur interest in photography. Encouraged by the sale of a few of his photographs to local newspapers, in the early 1930s Hardman made the leap becoming a professional freelance photographer and set about documenting a rural way of life that was undergoing significant change. His photographs won many awards and featured in local and national newspapers and magazines. Hardman's vast collection shows he had a deep understanding of the landscape of the region. His photographs often feature a lone figure – a shepherd, a walker, a milk maid – engulfed in the grand terrain of the Lake District and surrounding regions.
After his death in 1972, Hardman's family donated his vast collection of glass plate negatives to the museum, who in recent years have worked hard to digitise them, making the images available in the public domain via their online photo library. When the collection was donated to the museum, unfortunately it was not accompanied by Hardman's notes, so details such as the date, subject and location of most images were unknown. The museum has attempted to add as much meta-data to the archive collection as possible, asking local community members, trawling maps, and comparing Hardman's photographs against other archival images they hold. It dawned on me that Snow Scenes may be able to help the museum gather more information about the photographs and promote the collection more generally, whilst also using Hardman's images to generate discussion amongst our project participants.
So, upon my next trip to the region, visiting archives and recruiting participants in shops, pubs, community centres and libraries, I went armed with print-outs of six Hardman photographs depicting winter scenes, which I suspected were all on, or close to, Lake Windermere. Using my quest to locate where the shots were taken as an opening gambit, I asked those I encountered if they remembered the lake ever freezing, and about their memories of winter in the region, leaving them with a postcard, via which they could submit their memories to the project.
With the help of locals that I spoke to, keen use of my trusted Ordnance Survey Outdoor Leisure map (1:25,000 scale), and Google maps on my smartphone, I managed not only to find five of the depicted locations, but to pinpoint the exact spot where Joseph Hardman had taken the photographs from over fifty years earlier. Upon returning home and comparing the changes, or sometimes lack of changes, between Hardman's images and mine, and inspired by websites such as History Pins and WhatWasThere, I decided to experiment using graphics editing software to merge and blend the originals with my new digital photographs of the locations.3 I hoped to create something that would not only look visually interesting and stimulate conversation, but may also help participants see locations they know well today in a new light, connecting their local past and previous severe winters to today.
Enthused by my initial results, but still unsure how these new digitally altered images may be any more use for our research than Hardman's originals, I showed the images to the head of the Hardman digitisation project. The staff at the museum liked the composite images so much that they asked me to produce 14 more to be exhibited in their coffee house exhibition space. Using more originals from Hardman's collection and a few other famous photographs held by the museum, taken by the nineteenth-century photographer Henry Hebert, I continued to geo-locate further images, photograph them, and blend the old and the new together. In doing so, I began experimenting with some of the many archival photographs that contained people. Many of Hardman's photographs feature a single figure or groups of people surrounded by breathtaking Lakeland views. These shots, often depicting people at work or play, add a haunting element to the composite images I created. The figures in the images, such as those playing ice hockey below, emphasise the change that has occurred in the region over the last century, with their clothing, demeanour and activities, at odds with the world we are familiar with today.
Whilst the exhibition, which ran from January to the end of March 2014, gave the museum the chance to promote the Hardman collection, it also allowed us to further promote our project by placing information and participatory postcards on all the tables in the coffee house. We also subsequently used the composite images to generate discussion at community events and workshops held as part of the project. Through the serendipitous creation and display of these digital images we reached an even wider set of potential participants and greatly increased the number of submissions we received to the project. Further, the process of creating the images and then discussing them with local communities allowed us to explore the role images play in forming people's memories of extreme weather; shown in a recent study to be of importance to how people engage with the issue of anthropomorphic climate change.4
During the process of creating the merged images I was struck by the fascinating landscape changes often revealed. In an exact reversal of my expectations, it was the buildings, walls, fences, and other directly created human artefacts in the shots that had barely altered. Instead, it was the non-built environment that had changed the most. Obviously things had grown, but more than this, hedges had disappeared, field uses had changed, and large plantations had come and gone.For me the changes highlighted by these composite images reflected wider changes in Cumbrian life and some of the tensions faced by communities in the region. The images made me question the role of national parks in conserving an environment, and ponder how physical changes in land-use have been connected to changing economic and social dimensions of communities.
A full slide show of the images can be found on Snow Scenes Flickr page. Also, I strongly encourage readers to take a look at the Hardman Photo Library and if you recognise any locations or people in the images, or think you can date any of them, please do get in touch with James Arnold at the Museum of Lakeland Life and Industry. The project was funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council under project code AH/L50354X/.I created the photographs as a way to explore changes to the Cumbrian landscape, bring historical records to life, and to generate discussion amongst Cumbrians about their memories of snow and winters past in the region. Through this short essay I hope that the photographs have caused a few of you to consider in more detail how imagery, new digital techniques, and meaningful public engagement can greatly enrich environmental history research. As David Biggs asserted in March's Environmental Field Notes essay, "by detecting new patterns in studies of historic imagery, we can greatly enhance the diversity of storylines, perhaps even avoiding tendencies to fall into declensionist or techno-positivist trajectories." For Snow Scenes, attempting to collect people's memories of climate extremes that were often declensionist, techno-positivist or, most commonly, simply nostalgic, the digitally altered images gave us a way of pushing participants to consider the role of changing landscapes, technologies and social conditions when comparing extreme winters over the past seventy years or so.
Further Resources
- The Snow Scenes project website
- Weather Extremes a larger project associated with Snow Scenes
1. For just two of many examples of environmental histories that feature the work of these specific US photographers see Mark Stoll, "Milton in Yosemite: Paradise Lost and the National Parks Idea," Environmental History 13 (2008): 237-74 and Kenneth M. Sylvester and Eric S. A. Rupley, "Revising the Dust Bowl: High Above the Kansas Grasslands," Environmental History 17 (2012): 603–633.
2. For more about the methodology developed see the Snow Scenes project website where information on a forthcoming journal article on the project will be posted..
3. I used the open source vector graphics editor Inkscape, available free online. Other popular raster editing software, such as Adobe Photoshop or GIMPwould have been equally, if not more, capable of achieving the same results.
4. Brigitte Nerlich and Rusi Jaspal, "Images of Extreme Weather: Symbolising Human Responses to Climate Change," Science as Culture (2013): 1-24.


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The Mystical Pumpkin
This voluptuous vegtable transported Cinderella, nurtured Peter P. P. Eater, kept his wife well, and of course, it's the face of Halloween.
Food makes it's way to myths and fairy tales for a reason. The ancients are trying to tell us something. In this case, they are saying "children… eat pumpkin".
Pumpkin Nutrients:
Home cooked and canned are both nutritious. But don't eat too much raw pumpkin or fresh pumpkin juice .
– Excellent source of vitamin A, (alpha and beta carotene) which prevents cancer, important for night vision, and slows down the aging process
– Vitamin b5 (pantothenic acid) balances hormones
– Vb9 (folate)
– Vitamin e
– Potassium
– Magnesium
– Fiber
How to cook the Pumpkin
Use a pie pumpkin if you can. They are a bit smaller & rounder then a Halloween type pumpkin. But they all work. Cut the pumpkin in half, remove seeds and strings and bake at 350 till tender. After it cools take off the skin and puree in food processor (or mash).
This delicious pie is full of goodness (except for the sugar, of course). Use organic ingredients if possible.
I often bake it on a bed of toasted walnuts, instead of making a crust, for home use. It's easier and healthier. But if I am baking it as a gift, I go for the crust.
The Crust
½ cup of almonds (or walnuts) coarsely chopped.
1 cup of whole wheat pastry flour, (or 1 cup of unbleached sifted flour)
3 tablespoons ground flax
1/4 teaspoon salt
3 tablespoons of brown sugar
8 tablespoons of butter cut into small pieces
2 tablespoons of cold water
Toss the nuts, flour salt and sugar in a bowl. Then cut in the butter using knives, pastry thing, or dough hook. Then add the water. Press into a 10" pie pan and bake for 10 minutes before filling
The Filling
- 2 cups of pureed pumpkin
1 cup of cream or milk
4 eggs, whisked
1 cup of sugar, (or ½ cup of maple syrp and 1/3 cup of sugar, and use ¼ cup less milk)
2 tsp Cinnamon
1/2 tsp ground cloves
¼ Nutmeg
1 ½ tsp ginger
Candied ginger optional, chopped
Mix together. Pour into pie shell. Add chopped candied ginger.
Bake at 350 until set in the middle.
More Goodness in Pie
- Cloves – gets rid of parasites, contains eugenol, anti bacterial, anti inflammatory, anti oxidant
Cinnamon – regulates blood sugar, lowers cholesterol, fights leukemia and lymphoma
Ginger -fights inflammatory disease, lymph cleansing
Eggs – protein, may prevent breast cancer, good for eyes, nails, hair
Flax seeds – fight breast cancer
Nutmeg – good for liver and kidneys, anti declamatory…but too much (over 6 tablespoons in one day) is poisonous
Walnuts – vitamin e, fibre, magnesium, omega 3 fatty acids
Butter-vitamin a, lauric acid, selenium, anti oxidants
Cream – protein

subset: commoncrawl


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The Overtone Harp gives new life, new pitches, new timbres to an old piano harp.
Oscillating magnetic fields stimulate the strings in their fundamental modes and also in their first eight harmonic modes. This creates layers of sound like a pipe organ and gives access to additional consonant intervals not found in 12 tone equal temperament, such as the Perfect 3rd and Perfect 7th. Its custom sound board is made of lightweight spruce tone wood, providing a bright sound well suited to the airy overtones.
It was completed with much contribution from composers Molly Herron, Albert Behar and Merche Blasco. And a long night of wiring and cable-making with Lui Kawasumi.
Here is the first test with Molly Herron
And here it the short video shot by the nice folks at Motherboard.tv


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Oftentimes, the best person to understand and advise a parent who is in the trenches is another parent who has come out on the other side. We all become experts in our children's particular CHD, and thus other children's shared CHDs. Further, no one has a better perspective of the emotional roller coaster that ensues with a CHD diagnosis, nor has more empathy, than a fellow heart comrade.
We want to create a safe space to have those important conversations between families in which critical information can be communicated, and also shared to a larger community. Here we hope to create a members-only posting and messaging system that will easily allow families to connect and research specific issues with which they are grappling.
Our hope is, that with the participation of families, we can form groups based on doctors/hospitals providing treatment and specific CHDs/repairs.
Email firstname.lastname@example.com, if you would like to join such a community.


text:
Re: need an obit for Stevens Co., WA ?
In reply to:
need an obit for Stevens Co., WA ?
Beth (Hancock) Cross 9/15/07
Some Internet servers put "//" in front of the email address that you provided.This will keep the email from being property directed, it is a Anti-spam system to keep a bunch of spam being delivered.
So, either take out the "//", or use this better system:
But, don't limit yourself to just obits.If you know a specific piece of family history, local history on a specific date, ask for it.Here is the library catalog.If you did a search for Newspapers, put in Colville and you can see what newspapers they have on film:


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Thanks a ton for the Daily Deviation.
Special Thanks for featuring it, to
The Caparison is the brainchild of mine...when in a proud to be Keralite moment. Started out as a minimalist design....but midway decided to flesh the details out. The first logo prototype was an elephant-esque negative space inside an alphabet.
Thinkin of posting it later.
Contact me for info: email@example.com
Daily DeviationGiven 2013-01-04
The Caparison Logo by ~sohansurag A best way to show the minimalism in brand identity. Simple / Sober / Straight. Must watch his complete gallery. ( Featured by princepal )
Just report them for spamming, please.
idrc XD
Wouldn't replying to every single comment on here with the same sentence also count as spam?
I see your point, but people need to learn to report silently. (Myself included, since I shouldn't have replied at all to the person. )
*shrug* Also, it wasn't exactly the same. But I do see your reasoning.
*shrug* Also, it wasn't exactly the same. But I do see your reasoning.
Elle-vation (Elevation)
Reminds me of an ancient psychic tandem war elephant. 'Tis lovely.
Very good
Also: Grats on dd!
((Yess now I can finally favourite )
Also: Grats on dd!
((Yess now I can finally favourite )
You meant to say...Had I not won the DD...you wouldn't have favorite it?
Congrats on your Daily Deviation!
Very neat and nice logo indeed!
Lovely design. Congrats on your DD!
Very nice!
Congrats on the dd!
It's so cute!!!...can I get it on a t shirt? :3
It's so cute!!!...can I get it on a t shirt? :3
Nice... its got a Kerala elephant for the Thrissur festival sorta touch, with the gold and all... Cute too... It kinda reminds me (mainly cos its an elephant ) of the PHP elephant when I saw it the first time
Well yea the name's an English translation of the Malayalam word 'Nettipattam', and it is indeed inspired by Elephants at Trichurpooram. Though I never knew about the 'PHP Elephant', its gonna get googled alot now
I too am from the same state as you(Kerala )... Just not as well versed in the finer details of our language
Congrats on the well deserved DD!
Have a nice day!
Have a nice day!
Congrats buddy i almost forgot all the DD stuff! rarely come here!
Congrats on the DD
very nice logo and details
aww cute elephant nice work on the logo
I got DD for this! o.O
Hey that's awesome! Congrats!
Great start to the New Year alright
Great start to the New Year alright
Cool! and the story behind the name?


text:
Countdown Trailer (2011)
29 September 2011 Action, Thriller, Foreign 119 mins
Tae Gun-ho (Jung) is the best collection agent in his firm, admired by his colleagues and dreaded by those he visits. He's known for gathering his debts by any means necessary, and keeps a cattle prod handy while on the job. Following a series of unexpected fainting spells, Tae is told by a doctor that he has liver cancer, and would need a transplant to have any chance of surviving beyond three months. And so he puts his professional skills to work, setting out to collect a different sort of debt by tracking down the recipients of organs donated by his late son. First among his sources for a liver is Cha Ha-yeon (Jeon), a beguiling fraudster with a long list of enemies.
Watch the official Countdown 2011 trailer in HD below or find more Countdown videos on Vidimovie.


text:
Demon Dentist Hardback
by DAVID WALLIAMS
The new jaw-achingly funny novel from David Walliams, the number one bestselling author!
Make your appointment if you dare... Darkness had come to the town. Strange things were happening in the dead of night. Children would put a tooth under their pillow for the tooth fairy, but in the morning they would wake up to find... a dead slug; a live spider; hundreds of earwigs creeping and crawling beneath their pillow.Evil was at work.
But who or what was behind it...? Read this book and find out!
- Format: Hardback
- Pages: 448 pages
- Publisher: HarperCollins Publishers
- Publication Date: 26/09/2013
- Category: Humorous
Other Formats
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Showing 1 - 3 of 3 reviews.
Review by BruceGargoyle
Quick synopsis:Scary dentist lady spreads fear, loathing and creepy-crawlies while terrorising the life of lovable protagonist Alfie and his girlfriend (sorry, girl friend) Gabz.For fans of Walliams, this will be another enjoyable escapade. Personally I feel he peaked with his first two books (The Boy in the Dress and Mr Stink) and all those since have been a little bland. Nevertheless, there is much here to appeal to the target middle-grade audience and the large print and quirky illustrations make this a great choice for a read-together or to spur on a reluctant young reader.
Review by celerydog
Wide appeal to EAL students drawn in by large font and Tony Ross's quirky illustrations. 9+ A must for Walliams' fans.
Review by martensgirl
I was disappointed with this book; I have read several of Walliams' other books and this was nowhere near as good. I don't know whether it's because I'm tired of his books about children with 'issues' or whether the gags are wearing thin, but this book was not very enjoyable.
Also by DAVID WALLIAMS | View all


text:
Bathroom renovation is a very touchy subject.
While most homeowners are preoccupied with the interior design, contractors usually focus on functionality and getting the job done. This difference of opinion is one of the main reasons why renovation gets stalled (besides all the issues that may pop-up during work).
In order to do a proper planning, you as a homeowner need to consider all the variables and issues that may appear mid-way. This is why we made a list of 5 dos and don'ts of bathroom renovations that will help you out during the process.
Dos if bathroom renovation
- Stick to your budget
It is really easy to mess up your budget when renovating a bathroom. You might visit a shop, start purchasing tiles and lose majority of your budget on this first item. So, make sure to plan everything in advance and cover all the expenses before the actual work starts.
- Expect the unexpected
Again, there are so many things that can go awry. This is why unpredictable issues should be included on your list of costs. Leave a certain amount of money on the side just in case.
- Hire reputable professionals
Most people think that bathroom renovation is a routine job. Although this is true to an extent, there are many things that can go wrong. If that happens, it is much better to have a team of experienced professionals by your side.
- Hire a construction guy
Every project should be led by a person who has a lot of experience and knowledge. It is a really bad decision for you to lead a project. Instead, make sure to hire a construction guy who will then assemble his team and oversee the works. If something bad happens during any of the processes, he will know how to react.
- Get the right products
First of all, it is better to get products of mass production and always available in your country. This way, if anything happens, you know you can easily get spare parts. Also make sure to get items that are according to domestic standards.
Don'ts of bathroom renovation
Don't shop online
It is really bad idea to shop tiles and other items online. Have in mind that some of the items may be unfit for your bathroom. In some cases, handyman may return them to you saying he can't work with them. So, buy in a local shop and keep the receipt.
Don't change the plumbing layout
Pipes are a sensitive topic as it is. If you decide to alter something, numerous things can go wrong and it will only complicate the entire process. Furthermore, you have to be 100 % confident that your plumber will do the job properly. If not, you may be forced to redo the entire bathroom. Best thing is not to change layout whatsoever.
Don't shop based on your wants
Unlike most other room in your house, you will probably have to make compromises when it comes to bathroom. Besides the fact that you need to do electricity and plumbing, you will also have to fit all these items/accessories in space that is traditionally smaller than the other rooms in your home. Make sure to get products that will serve the purpose instead of focusing on the design.
Don't forget upper areas
Again, one of the biggest mistakes people make with bathroom is treating it like the other rooms. Utilize every square meter of the room, including the higher areas. This is especially important for smaller bathrooms.
Don't be concerned if things are going slow
As previously mentioned, various issues may appear along the way which can prolong the entire procedure. If the works are slower than expected, do not be flustered and try not to agitate the workers. By trying to finish things quickly, it can only lead to mistakes.
Bathroom renovation is all about patience and planning. Here's a great ultimate guide on the topic I suggest you read!
If you keep calm, plan your budget and hire the right people for the job, you can rest assured that the renovation will go smoothly.


text:
Videos of the first 2 days of the PKRA New Caledonia 2010 – Teri Kitesurf Pro. In this 2 ...On 26 November 2010 / By Kitemovement
Andy Yates wins men's freestyle single eliminations The weather conditions were pretty much the same as the past couple ...On 26 November 2010 / By Kitemovement
Long distance race and kite loop competition complete day 2 It was yet another beautiful day here in kiteboarding ...On 25 November 2010 / By Kitemovement
Spectacular first day for the Freestyle single eliminations The wind was on in full force today in Pointe Magnin, ...On 24 November 2010 / By Kitemovement
The second to the last leg of the 2010 Professional Kiteboard Riders Association (PKRA) World Tour happening from November ...On 14 November 2010 / By Kitemovement
In the upcoming months Forest Baker will travel to many spots for training and to compete on the PKRA ...On 3 September 2010 / By Kitemovement
Video of Sebastien Garat in New Caledonia during the Summer of 2010. ...On 10 June 2010 / By Kitemovement
Sylvain Etienne Sessions in New Caledonia during November, December 2009 and January 2010. ...On 16 May 2010 / By Kitemovement
A.T.M² 2009 – Andy Yates, Torrin Bright & Marc Jacobs in New Caledonia ...On 13 February 2010 / By Kitemovement
PKRA 2010 World Tour Schedule France: Mondial Du Vent 2010 Apr-10-2010 – Apr-15-2010 Dom. Rep.: Cabarete World Cup 2010 ...On 21 January 2010 / By Kitemovement
Johara Sykes-Davies spent six weeks in the gorgeous New Caledonia for the final of the PKRA tour. Check out ...On 23 December 2009 / By Kitemovement
Resume of day 3 of the last stop of the 2009 PKRA Tour. ...On 28 November 2009 / By Kitemovement
© 2007-2015 KiteMovement. All rights reserved.


text:
03:56 PM - May 16, 2014 by Steve_OS
SportsBusinessDaily's Alex Silverman, gives a few more details on how EA Sports and NHL 15 will capture the look and feel of hockey on TV with the new NBC Sports broadcast package.
All of it sounds great, let's hope they can deliver. Read the article and let us know what you think.


text: The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority Inc. has barred Frank Black, owner of Charlotte-based Southeast Investments N.C. Inc., after he testified falsely during an interview and provided fabricated documents relating to his firm's office inspections, according to a FINRA hearing panel decision. Black didn't retain business-related emails or enforce systems to achieve compliance with securities laws, the panel said. Black denies the allegations.


text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 4, 1985
|Filing date
|Apr 28, 1982
|Priority date
|Nov 2, 1981
|Fee status
|Also published as
|Publication number
|William E. Phillips
|Original Assignee
|Phillips William E
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (13), Referenced by (59), Classifications (8), Legal Events (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 317,436, filed Nov. 2, 1981, entitled Inflatable Air Pump and Method for Making an Air Pump now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to the field of portable and manually operated pumps and in particular relates to an inflatable air pump and a method for making the same.
2. Description of the Prior Art
It is well known in the prior art to use or incorporate a collapsible and flexible bellows in an air mattress and to simultaneously use the bellows as a pillow portion of the mattress. The incorporation of a flexible and collapsible bellows is illustrated by W. H. Hurt, "Pneumatic Mattress", U.S. Pat. No. 3,042,941.
It is also well known to incorporate a bellows within other portions of the mattress, such as the foot or corner as shown in J. M. Pinkwater, "Air Pump for Inflatable Structures", U.S. Pat. No. 3,068,494; E. S. Forsberg, "Pump For Air Mattresses", U.S. Pat. No. 3,112,502; and R. J. Edwards, "Compartmented Bag Having Selected Inflation Controls", U.S. Pat. No. 3,583,008.
However, such prior art pumps or bellows have incorporated either an internal means for giving the bellows resiliency, such as shown by Marcus, supra; Forsberg, supra; and Edwards, supra; or have relied upon the use of a material for the walls of the bellows which is inherently self-supporting and resilient such as used by Hurt, supra; Houghton, "Inflatable Bed or Mattress and the Like", U.S. Pat. No. 2,068,134; and Pinkwater, supra.
The result in each case is an air pump for inflatable mattresses or other inflatable structures which pump is relatively heavy and non-collapsible.
Reference may also be made to G. D. Black U.S. Pat. No. 3,063,620 entitled Self-Expandable Bag, showing a self-expandable bag for use in administering inhalant gas to a patient.
The present invention is an inflatable pump comprising a plurality of inflated chambers collectively defining a completely enclosed internal chamber. The plurality of inflated chambers collectively form a self-supporting, resilient container. A valve means is disposed in the container to selectively permit ingress and egress of fluid or air from the internal chamber. By reason of this combination of elements, an extremely lightweight, compact and entirely collapsible pump is devised.
The present invention also includes a method for fabricating a self-supporting, resilient pump comprising the steps of forming a plurality of inflatable chambers. The plurality of chambers are then coupled along their edges to collectively form a container when the chambers are inflated. The container defines an internal chamber. Valve means are disposed in or on the container for the selective ingress and egress of fluid or air from the internal chamber.
Other objects and features will be in part apparent and in part pointed out hereinafter.
The present invention together with its various embodiments can be better understood by viewing the following drawings in connection with the detailed description of the preferred embodiments. In the drawings, like elements have been referenced by like numerals.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention showing the environment of its use wherein an inflatable pump is used as a pillow for an air mattress and is shown coupled to the air mattress through a supply tube;
FIG. 2 is a partial perspective view showing a cutaway section formed by a plane disposed perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical pillow of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional elevational view of an alternative embodiment of the air pump as shown in FIG. 2 wherein flattened top and bottom portions have been provided;
FIG. 4 is a perspective view of another embodiment wherein the walls of the pump are made of circular rings which alternate in diameter;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional elevational view of the pump shown in FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a plan view of die cut sheets which can be assembled according to the method of the present invention to result in a pump of the type shown in FIG. 2;
FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an assembled pump from the pattern of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a plan of a dual inflatable pump of this invention;
FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic section on line 9--9 of FIG. 8; and
FIG. 10 is an end view of the FIG. 8 pump.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views of the drawings.
The present invention involves an inflatable air pump which is rugged, reliable, inexpensive, extremely light-weight and entirely collapsible. Each of these objectives of the invention are achieved by forming the walls of the air pump from a combination of inflated chambers. In combination, the inflated chambers form a container wall of sufficient self-supporting resiliency that the wall resumes its undeformed shape after being compressed. The chambers also combine to form a closed container which defines an internal pumping chamber. The closed container, formed by the chambers, can be fitted with appropriate one-way valves to effectuate the pumping operation. Thus, as the container is deformed by hand or foot, air is forced from the internal pumping chamber through a one-way outlet valve into a delivery tube directly or into an object to be inflated. When the deforming force is removed from the container, it will resume its original shape due to its self-supporting resiliency thereby drawing fluid into the internal pumping chamber through a one-way inlet valve. No internal springs, resilient blocks or application of externally applied forces are necessary to cause the air pump to resume its original shape and thus to effectuate the intake stroke. The chambers are inflated to a sufficient degree such that when folded along a common weld which defines the boundary between chambers, the chambers walls come into contact. The contact between adjacent chambers gives the pump a resilient structure and assists in defining the pump's shape.
One application of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1 wherein the pump 10 is combined with an air mattress 12 to form a combination pillow and mattress set. The pump 10 is shown as having a generally cylindrical shape which is derived from a plurality of chambers 14. The chambers 14 are inflated through a conventional inflation valve 16 attached to one of the chambers. End chambers 18 and 19 of the pump 10 are each fitted with a one-way valve. End chamber 18 is fitted with the one-way outlet valve 20, while the opposing end chamber 19 is fitted with a one-way inlet valve 21. The outlet valve 20 is coupled to a delivery hose 22 which is shown as coupled to an inlet valve 24 of the mattress 12. The mattress can be inflated by deforming the pump 10 in the direction of the arrow 26. Of course, the pump can be used to inflate other inflatable items such as beach equipment, vinyl rafts and various toys.
The self-supporting characteristic of the pump 10 arises by virtue of its multi-paneled construction using the plurality of inflated chambers 14. As seen in FIG. 2 in perspective cross-section, eight inflated chambers formed by two sheets 15 and 17 in turn form a cylindrical shape. With the end chambers 18 and 19, a closed container is formed. The interior of the pump forms an internal pumping chamber 28. Each of the chambers 14 is at least partially separated from an adjacent chamber by a closure 30 formed by sealing or welding together the opposing wall sheets 15 and 17. Illustrated chambers 14, 18 and 19 interconnect so that they can all be inflated through valve 16.
The sheets forming the chambers may be of any material well known to the art from which inflatables are fabricated, such as plastic including vinyl, impregnated canvas and the like. In the preferred embodiment, polyurethane of 8 mil thickness is employed for its high elasticity when pump 10 is used as an air pump. In the application where pump 10 is used to pump a heavier fluid, such as water, 24 mil thick vinyl is preferred. The elasticity of the wall material of pump 10 is used to contribute at least in part to the pump's overall resiliency.
A substantial part of the flexibility and shape provided to the pump is determined by the combination of the welds 30 and the chambers 14. For example, FIG. 2 shows a cylindrical container having eight equally sized longitudinally disposed chambers which are coupled at teir ends by the end chambers. Most of the angular changes between the chambers 14 occur at the welds 30 which act as hinges. Generally, the weld width must be carefully controlled to be no more than one eighth of an inch to insure that the weld 30 folds substantially on a single line. Larger weld widths tend to give pump 10 a looser and more floppy structure. In addition, chambers 14 are inflated to a sufficient degree to cause inner wall 17 to contact inner wall portions of adjacent chambers 14. Each chamber 14 thus rests upon the adjacent chambers 14 to form a self-supporting resilient structure. Thus, by selection of appropriate sizes for the chamber and the weld lines 30, the desired size and shape of the pump can be obtained.
It has been found that in a pump of the type illustrated in FIG. 2, the best results are acheived by forming a closed container having equal sized, longitudinally disposed chambers 14 no less than seven in number and no more than nine in number. With less than seven equal sized, longitudinal chambers, the volume of the internal pumping chamber 28 is too small and the efficiency of the pump or the volume that can be pumped on each stroke is too low. A combination of only two or three inflated chambers would reduce the volume of the internal pumping chamber to a nonworkable size. If more than nine inflated chambers are combined, the pump loses its self-supporting ability and it tends to sag because an insufficient degree of contact between adjacent chambers is established. For example, if too many inflated chambers were employed, it could be expected that the side walls of the pump would collapse or flatten under their own weight. Thus, optimum results are achieved in the preferred embodiment by combining seven to nine equal sized inflated chambers to form the longitudinal walls of the pump shown in FIG. 2. It has been found that the width of the chambers is immaterial and that the pump can be successfully fabricated regardless of the width of chambers as long as the present teaching is observed. Again, inflation must be sufficient to produce the desired degree of contact between adjacent chambers.
FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the type of pump as shown in FIG. 2 and demonstrates the exploitation of the principle of adjacent contact for self-supporting structure and resiliency. An upper chamber of the pump 10a in FIG. 3 has been subdivided into two co-equal but smaller chambers 32. The combined width of the chambers 32 is approximately equal to the width of one chamber 14a. Similarly, two chambers at the bottom of the pump of FIG. 3 have been subdivided into equal halves to form a base comprised of four smaller chambers 34. The width of the base of the pump formed by the chambers 34 is approximately twice the width of one of the chambers 14a.
The inclusion of the smaller chambers 32 and 34 form preferred top and bottom surfaces and serves to orient the pump. A foot plate (not shown) can be attached or imprinted by conventional means to the top surface of the chambers 32 to provide a visual direction for operation of the pump. The flat bottom allows a user to orient the pump for easiest operation. The inclusion of the smaller chambers does not substantially interfere with the self-supporting resiliency of the pump which is maintained by side-by-side chambers 14a. In either the embodiment of FIG. 2 or 3, the degree of contact of adjacent chambers depends on the details of pump design, wall elasticity, inflation fluid and pumped fluid. For example, the embodiment of FIG. 3 must be inflated with slightly more pressure than that of FIG. 2 since most of the resiliency and structure is produced by the smaller number of chambers 14a. If water is to be pumped and the pump is air inflated, it must be inflated at a higher pressure than if only air were pumped to compensate for the water's greater weight. If pump 10 is water inflated, wall thickness and material must be selected to give the strength and elasticity to accomodate the heavier, incompressible water used for inflation.
An alternative embodiment of the pump is illustrated in FIG. 4 and is comprised of alternating circular (toroidal) chambers 36 and 38 forming a cylindrical container having end-caps 40 and 41. The circular chambers 38 assume an average first diameter which is less than an average second diameter for the larger chambers 36.
FIG. 5 illustrates in cross-section the embodiment of FIG. 4 and more clearly depicts the relationship of the chambers 36 and 38. Each smaller chamber 38 is adjacent to a larger chambers 36 so as to alternate. The chambers 36 and 38 are coupled, such as by welding or other conventional means to each other along circular lines of contact 42. These lines of contact are shown in FIG. 44. The end caps 40 and 41 are conventionally welded at lines of tangential contact to their adjacent chambers 36 and 38 as the case may be. A conventional one-way inlet valve 46 and a conventional one-way outlet valve 48 are provided through one or more of chambers 36 and 38. End cap 40 is pumped by exerting a force in direction 26. The embodiment of FIG. 5 is particularly adapted for service as a water pump while the embodiments of FIGS. 2 and 3 operate efficiently as air pumps. The chambers 36 and 38 are inflated through a conventional inflation valve 50. Each of the chambers 36 and 38, and end caps 40 and 41 are intercommunicated such that fluid inserted into the upper chamber 38 is eventually transported to each of the underlying chambers 36 and 38. Intercommunication can be made through the line of contacts 42 by providing internal holes or slits for passages in the weld area. End caps 40 and 41 are inflated concentric rings and serve to preserve a measure of rigidity to the ends of the pump. End caps 40 and 41 are inflated concentric rings and serve to preserve a measure of rigidity to the ends of the pump. End caps 40 and 41 could be replaced by rigid disks, however, the object of providing a completely collapsible, soft and lightweight pump would be lost thereby. Replacement of inflated end caps 40 and 41 by flexible end sheets would seriously affect the efficiency of the pump.
FIG. 6 illustrates a plan view of material cut to form the air pump of the type shown in FIG. 2. The method of the present invention is illustrated by considering the construction of an inflatable air pump from a pattern 52. The pattern is comprised of a generally rectangular sheet 54 having generally circular extensions 56 formed between ends 58 and 60 of the sheet.
Two sheets of the pattern 52 are die cut according to conventional means from nonporous material, such as polyurethane or vinyl, and overlaid to assume the plan view shown in FIG. 6. The perimeter of the two sheets is then sealed or welded airtight by conventional means (e.g. heat sealing). Thus, an airtight weld is provided along the ends 58 and 60, the sides 62 and the circular edges 64. At the same time, seven longitudinal panels are formed by welding six longitudinal seams 66 across most of the width of the sheet in a direction generally parallel to the ends 58 and 60. Circular valve openings 68 are provided in the circular extensions for the one-way inlet and outlet valves, and a circular opening 70 is provided in one of the circular extensions 56 and through only one of the sheets for placement of the inflation valve. In fact, an inflation valve 72 shown in FIG. 7, can be installed in sheet 54 through hole 70 after sheet 54 has been die cut and prior to its overlay and welding to a second sheet.
The seams 66 extend only partially across sheet 54 to allow intercommunication between each chamber formed thereby. In the pattern 52, intercommunication is provided around each end of the seams. In addition, short perpendicular seams 74 are provided near the circular extensions 56. Thus, the extensions also intercommunicate with the longitudinal chambers formed by the seams 66. The seams 74 allow for a more gradual bending between the interconnection of the circular extensions and the body of the pump formed by the rectangular portion of the sheets.
After sealing, the ends 58 and 60 are then brought into contact and coupled or welded by conventional means. The resulting structure is an open-ended cylinder with two end-flaps formed by the circular extensions. The open-ended cylinder is placed within a conventional die can which forms and holds a cylindrical shape while the edges 64 of circular extensions are coupled or conventionally welded to the edges 62 of the open cylindrical shape formed by the sheets.
The assembled device comprises a pump 10b shown in FIG. 7 in an inflated condition. The circular extensions form the ends which are fitted with an end mounted inflation valve 72 and a one-way inlet or outlet valve 20b. The area between the seams 66 define inflated chambers 14b. As pump 10b is inflated the average cylindrical diameter decreases and each weld or seam 66 moves closer to an adjacent weld or seam 66. Usually, very little stretching of wall material occurs during inflation, so that the chamber wall bulge out as the welds draw toward each other. During the pumping action, the wall material may be elastically deformed, particularly if the inflating fluid is incompressible. As the cylinder diameter decreases, the end cap 56 diameter decreases as well. By appropriate experimental selection of relative chamber 14b width to end cap 56 diameter, the decrease in cylinder diameter can be matched to the decrease in end cap 56 diameter. The similar relationship is observed in the embodiments of FIGS. 1-5.
It can now be understood how the combination of chambers 14 are made and used to achieve a rugged, inexpensive, lightweight, resilient and self-supporting and entirely collapsible air pump. A rather larger internal pumping chamber can be devised using a relatively small amount of material to form the pump walls. After use, the pump can be entirely collapsed, folded and inserted into a pocket on an air mattress, life raft, life jacket or other inflatable device. Because of the inexpensive construction, a pump of the type described here can be included as a backup air pump in any case where CO2 cartridges or other automatic means are used to inflate the inflatable device. Low weight of the pump recommends its use in those applications where the pump must be individually carried in a pack or weight and size constraints are critical.
The pump is reliable because of its simplified construction and lack of complex moving parts. It is rugged because of its pneumatic construction and material and yet inexpensive.
The pump is lightweight because of its pneumatic design, and the ratio of volume of air pumped to punp weight is very high. Also, because of its completely pneumatic design the pump is entirely collapsible and thus easily stored.
In another aspect, the inflatable pump of this invention comprises a casing of relatively thin, flexible fluid-impervious sheet material, constituted for example by the tubular body formed from the rectangular portions 54 of the two sheets or plies cut to the pattern 52 and the end walls 18 and 19, adapted for being distended from a generally flat collapsed condition (when deflated) to the expanded hollow condition illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 defining pump chamber 28 therewith. The casing, when in the stated expanded condition, is adapted to be squeezed as indicated by the arrow 26 for pumping fluid (air) from the pump chamber 28, having outlet means 20 for delivery of fluid from the pump chamber on squeezing the casing to effect a pumping stroke, and inlet means 21 for delivery of fluid (air) to the pump chamber on re-expansion of the casing following squeezing. The casing is formed to have a plurality of elongate inflatable cells, e.g. 14, which themselves are adapted to be inflated with fluid (air) via valve 16 from a generally flat collapsed deflated condition to an expanded inflated condition for distending the casing. The cells 14 extend in generally parallel relation with adjacent cells joined by portions 30 of the casing material between adjacent cells. These portions 30 are of such narrow width relative to the width of the cells 14 that adjacent cells, when inflated to distend the casing, are interengageable on squeezing the casing, whereby the cells are squeezed and thereby compressed to establish a compressive return force in the casing for re-expanding it following the squeezing to effect a return stroke for delivery of fluid (air) to the pump chamber 28 for the next pumping stroke. Said portions 30 of the casing act as hinges on which the adjacent cells may pivot one relative to another and squeeze one another when the casing is squeezed. Thus, in FIG. 3, note particularly the engagement of the two cells at the left and the two cells at the right. As made in accordance with FIG. 6, the casing comprises inner and outer plies of the sheet material and portions 30 are seals, e.g. heat seals, between the plies of relatively narrow width and spaced apart to form the cells.
FIGS. 8-10 illustrate a dual inflatable pump of this invention comprising two pump sections 10L and 10R, each adapted to be squeezed by stepping on it with the foot, or by pressing it with the hand, for pumping fluid therefrom. Each of these pump sections is made generally like the pump illustrated in FIG. 3, comprising a casing C of relatively thin, flexible, fluid-impervious sheet material adapted for being distended from a generally flat collapsed condition to the expanded hollow condition in which it appears in FIGS. 8-10 defining pump chamber 28 therewithin. Each casing, when in its expanded condition, is adapted to be squeezed for pumping fluid from the pump chamber therewithin, and has check-valved outlet means indicated at 20 for delivery of fluid from the pump chamber on squeezing it to effect a pumping stroke, and check-valved inlet means 21 for delivery of fluid to the pump chamber on re-expansion of the casing following squeezing. Each casing C is itself inflatable to distend it from its generally flat collapsed condition to its expanded hollow condition. The two pump sections 10L and 10R are in side-by-side position for squeezing one pump section and then the other by stepping on one pump section with the left foot while raising the right foot and stepping on the other pump section with the right foot while raising the left foot (or by squeezing one pump section with the left hand while releasing the right hand from the other pump section and squeezing the other pump section with the right hand while releasing the left hand from the one pump section). Note the arrows in FIG. 10. The outlet means 20 of the two pump sections are interconnected as indicated at 80 for substantially continuous (i.e. relatively uninterrupted) delivery of fluid by the alternate squeezing of the two pump sections.
The two pumps 10L, 10R have what may be termed a common wall 82 constituted by two inflatable cells 14b shown as being relatively large cells, with their interconnecting hinge as indicated at 30. The outside wall of each pump is constituted by two cells 14c relatively large like cells 14b, with their interconnecting hinges as indicated at 30. The top and bottom of each pump section comprises smaller cells 14d and 14e, with their interconnecting hinges as indicated at 30. The end walls 18a and 19a of each pump section are doublewalled as in the pumps of FIGS. 1-3 and 7. The cells are intercommunicating for their inflation and deflation via an inflation and deflation fitting at 72.
Many alterations and modifications may be made to the disclosed embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The presently referred embodiments have been illustrated by way of example only and for the sake of clarity and are not intended to limit the scope and breadth of the following claims.
|Cited Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Nov 27, 1893
|Oct 9, 1894
|Pedal air-compressor
|Apr 1, 1935
|Jan 19, 1937
|Houghton William Henry
|Inflatable bed or mattress and the like
|Dec 29, 1942
|Feb 20, 1945
|Us Rubber Co
|Pneumatic mattress
|Jan 8, 1952
|Aug 10, 1954
|Goodrich Co B F
|Pneumatic bellows pump
|Jan 20, 1959
|Jul 10, 1962
|Hampshire Mfg Corp
|Inflatable mattress
|Jan 6, 1960
|Nov 13, 1962
|British Oxygen Co Ltd
|Self-expandable bag
|Jan 16, 1961
|Dec 18, 1962
|Monroe Fabricators Inc
|Air pump for inflatable structures
|May 3, 1961
|Dec 3, 1963
|Hodgman Rubber Company
|Pump for air matresses
|Feb 26, 1969
|Jun 8, 1971
|Robert J Edwards
|Compartmented bag having selective inflation controls
|Dec 11, 1969
|Jul 11, 1972
|Hirshen Van Der Ryn
|Endless inflatable device
|Nov 10, 1975
|Jan 18, 1977
|Leonard Fink
|Inflatable crib
|Title not available
|Title not available
|Citing Patent
|Filing date
|Publication date
|Feb 7, 1985
|Nov 11, 1986
|Christopher Gendala
|Method and apparatus for inflating an article
|Apr 1, 1986
|Jul 14, 1987
|Mollura Carlos A
|Airbed mattress including a regulated, controllable air reservoir therefor
|Jul 25, 1989
|Dec 18, 1990
|Chaffee Robert B
|Collapsible air bed
|Nov 21, 1991
|Jun 30, 1992
|Aircast Incorporated
|Ankle brace having multiple inflatable aircells
|Sep 23, 1991
|Dec 7, 1993
|Chaffee Robert B
|Pneumatic support system
|Jul 7, 1992
|Mar 29, 1994
|Survival Resources, Inc.
|Inflatable pump and article
|Sep 28, 1992
|Apr 26, 1994
|Grayco, Inc.
|Inflatable resuscitation device
|Jul 15, 1993
|Sep 13, 1994
|Jack Healy
|Quick inflatable air mattress
|Dec 16, 1992
|Nov 29, 1994
|Chaffee; Robert B.
|Pneumatic support system
|Aug 13, 1993
|Feb 14, 1995
|Grayco, Inc.
|Inflatable resuscitation device
|Jul 6, 1993
|May 27, 1997
|Graf; Josef
|Inflatable object, in particular an air mattress, comprising a section serving as a pump and a section to be inflated by the pump
|Mar 22, 1994
|Jul 8, 1997
|Survival Resources, Inc.
|Variable volumetric inflatable pump
|Jun 11, 1999
|Sep 19, 2000
|Team Worldwide Corp.
|Air pump of simple structure
|Mar 23, 1998
|Apr 3, 2001
|Frontier Plastics Limited
|Inflation assemblies
|Jul 5, 1999
|Sep 11, 2001
|Intex Recreation Corp.
|Internal air pump for inflatables
|Aug 1, 2001
|Mar 9, 2004
|Aero Products International, Inc.
|Increased height inflatable support system
|Apr 1, 2002
|Apr 11, 2006
|Chaffee Robert B
|Pump with axial conduit
|May 17, 2001
|May 9, 2006
|Chaffee Robert B
|Inflatable device with recessed fluid controller and modified adjustment device
|Apr 25, 2006
|Dec 12, 2006
|Hill-Rom Services, Inc.
|Patient support pad with repositionable pressure source
|Dec 22, 2006
|Jan 20, 2009
|Aero Products International, Inc.
|Inflatable reinforcing chamber
|Mar 18, 2005
|Sep 15, 2009
|Aero Products International, Inc.
|Reversible inflation system
|Jan 25, 2006
|Sep 13, 2011
|Chaffee Robert B
|Pump with axial conduit
|May 17, 2007
|Oct 11, 2011
|The Coleman Company, Inc.
|Pump with automatic deactivation mechanism
|Jan 8, 2010
|Apr 9, 2013
|Robert B. Chaffee
|Valve with electromechanical device for actuating the valve
|Aug 8, 2011
|Jul 15, 2014
|Robert B. Chaffee
|Pump with axial conduit
|Jul 24, 2012
|Sep 9, 2014
|Robert B. Chaffee
|Inflatable device forming mattresses and cushions
|Sep 13, 2011
|Nov 4, 2014
|Arc'teryx Equipment Inc.
|Airbag rescue system
|Oct 12, 2011
|Apr 7, 2015
|Elend S. LeBaron
|Dual bladder system and method for treatment and reduction of microbial content in fluids by means of high pressure
|Sep 23, 2014
|Mar 1, 2016
|Amer Sports Canada Inc.
|Airbag rescue system
|Jul 15, 2014
|Mar 8, 2016
|Robert B. Chaffee
|Pump with axial conduit
|Apr 9, 2013
|Mar 8, 2016
|Robert B. Chaffee
|Valve with electromechanical device for actuating the valve
|Feb 29, 2012
|May 31, 2016
|Sca Tissue France
|Multi-ply disintegratable absorbent sheet, associated roll and associated manufacturing process
|Feb 29, 2012
|May 9, 2017
|Sca Tissue France
|Multi-ply disintegratable absorbent sheet, associated roll and associated manufacturing process
|Jan 29, 2016
|Aug 15, 2017
|Amer Sports Canada Inc.
|Airbag rescue system
|May 7, 2013
|Aug 22, 2017
|Robert B. Chaffee
|Configurable inflatable support devices
|Sep 21, 2015
|Sep 26, 2017
|Amer Sports Canada Inc.
|Enclosure release for a backpack with an inflatable airbag
|May 17, 2001
|Nov 29, 2001
|Chaffee Robert B.
|Inflatable device with recessed fluid controller and modified adjustment device
|Apr 1, 2002
|Jan 2, 2003
|Chaffee Robert B.
|Pump with axial conduit
|Feb 1, 2006
|Jun 15, 2006
|Chaffee Robert B
|Inflatable device with recessed fluid controller and modified adjustment device
|Jan 25, 2006
|Jun 15, 2006
|Chaffee Robert B
|Pump with axial conduit
|Mar 7, 2006
|Jul 6, 2006
|Chaffee Robert B
|Inflatable device with recessed fluid controller and modified adjustment device
|Apr 25, 2006
|Aug 31, 2006
|Heimbrock Richard H
|Patient support pad with repositionable pressure source
|Mar 18, 2005
|Sep 21, 2006
|Chung Tsai C
|Reversible inflation system
|Dec 22, 2006
|Jul 26, 2007
|Boso Karen L
|Inflatable reinforcing chamber
|May 17, 2007
|Nov 20, 2008
|Kehrmann Michael F
|Pump with automatic deactivation mechanism
|Jan 8, 2010
|May 6, 2010
|Chaffee Robert B
|Valve with electromechanical device for actuating the valve
|Feb 21, 2008
|Aug 5, 2010
|Mordechai Sokolov
|Methods and systems for pumping fluids
|Mar 28, 2011
|Jul 14, 2011
|Chaffee Robert B
|Inflatable device with recessed fluid controller and modified adjustment device
|Mar 21, 2012
|Jan 10, 2013
|Nemo Equipment, Inc.
|Disco pump
|Oct 12, 2011
|Apr 18, 2013
|Elend S. LeBaron
|Dual bladder system and method for treatment and reduction of microbial content in fluids by means of high pressure
|Aug 22, 2013
|Aug 20, 2015
|Joseph Rogozinski
|System and method fluid transfer between inflatable objects
|Mar 31, 2015
|Oct 8, 2015
|American Recreation Products, LLC.
|Inflatable device having integrated bellows
|Nov 21, 1997
|Jun 3, 1998
|Team Worldwide Corporation
|Air Pump
|Nov 21, 1997
|Apr 7, 1999
|Team Worldwide Corporation
|Air Pump
|Jul 22, 2015
|Jan 27, 2016
|MKS Innovatech S.r.l.
|Cell for inflatable mattress and inflatable mattress comprising said cell
|Jul 6, 1993
|Jan 20, 1994
|Survival Resources, Inc.
|Inflatable pump and article
|Mar 23, 1998
|Oct 1, 1998
|Frontier Plastics Limited
|Improvements relating to inflation assemblies
|Feb 21, 2008
|Aug 14, 2008
|Mordechai Sokolov
|Methods and systems for pumping fluids
|Feb 21, 2008
|Dec 23, 2009
|Evgeny Kadner
|Methods and systems for pumping fluids
|U.S. Classification
|417/478, 92/48, 92/92, 5/708
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification
|Jan 3, 1989
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 5, 1989
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 4
|Jun 5, 1989
|Surcharge for late payment
|Jun 4, 1993
|Fee payment
Year of fee payment: 8
|Jun 4, 1993
|Surcharge for late payment
|Jan 7, 1997
|Maintenance fee reminder mailed
|Jun 1, 1997
|Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees
|Aug 12, 1997
|Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee
Effective date: 19970604


text:
Testimonials: âœâ€ "RexNFoodbot would make an excellent addition for your iPad in 2013, and that`s why we make it a Top Pick." - Fun Educational ...
Testimonials: âœâ€ "RexNFoodbot would make an excellent addition for your iPad in 2013, and that's why we make it a Top Pick." - Fun Educational Apps âœâ€ "Parents might want to consider this when you're searching the app store for games for kids. This deserves a spot on my list of "great apps for learning.â€" - Applatter Come and help Rex fix his robot! This will involve 7 activities and they all have their own characteristics. And you will not only get fun but also learn some secrets about food. Rex, a scientist, invented Foodbot, a robot that can produce tasty yet healthy food. However, Foodbot was mis-programmed. He was becoming out of control, continuously generating different kinds of foods including junk foods. The only way to fix the robot is entering six codes into it. Let's help Rex complete seven funny and challenging tasks. Completing each task will give you a code that helps Rex to repair Foodbot. Yet Rex will need all your dexterity and wit to solve the food crises. Features: - Funny characters with comical facial expression, voice and appearance - 7 playful activities to play with - teach kids to classify different nutrient foods and the nutrient's functions - 7 delighting scenery - Attractive original artwork - Kid- friendly interface - No third-party advertising - No in-app purchase Visit Us : http://www.vcarecreation.com/ Follow Us : https://twitter.com/VCare_Creation Watch Us: http://www.youtube.com/user/vcarecreation Contact Us: email@example.com VCare Creation takes children's privacy seriously. Our apps do not collect any information. For detail information, please go to http://www.vcarecreation.com/privacypolicy.html
Version: 1.1
Size: 63.75 MB
Price: 0,00 €
Day of release: 0000-00-0
Entertainment | iPhone, iPad
Entertainment | iPhone, iPad
Educational | iPhone, iPad
Undefined | iPhone, iPad
Undefined | iPhone, iPad


text:
Friday, September 18
Sweet Couple
9 comments:
Another adorable card, Deanne. You're always SO creative, and always coming up with the cutest ideas. You amaze me with your creativity, and I couldn't be more blessed than to have you share all your AMAZING cards in our challenges. So, thanks for stopping by again this week. Please know how much it means to me, week after week. I miss your art when I don't see it, and always so grateful (and happy) when I do. Hope you're having an AWESOME week, my creative friend. Happy crafting.ReplyDelete
Word Art Wednesday
Parrots in a teacup, very cute lovebirds. Thank you so much for taking time to post your very creative art with us this week at Word Art Wednesday in our 201st AG challenge!ReplyDelete
Blessings and Hugs, Carole
Hey Deanne - Makes a great anniversary card with those two love birds! Thank you for sharing your project and creativity with us at Aud Sentiments for our ATG challenge!ReplyDelete
~ginny, Aud Sentiments DT
Owner: RubberMAD (GettyCollection.com)
Wouw beautiful i love it, and thanks so much for playing along with us at CC&CC.ReplyDelete
Hugs Anneke DT
So cute :) Thanks for joining our challenge at Julia Spiri. Good luck and welcome back next week!ReplyDelete
Anne Lise ~dt ~
Lovely pink and green color combo for this fun image! Thanks for sharing it with us at Aud Sentiments, hope to see you for our next challenge too!ReplyDelete
Jennifer, DT
Cute card. Such a lovely alternative to hearts for an anniversary card. Thanks for sharing it with us this week at Crafty Catz. Naomi xReplyDelete
Adorable. Thanks for joining us at Stamps by Julia Spiri, good luck xxReplyDelete
Fabulous card! Thanks for joining us at JS xx Jan NRTReplyDelete
Thanks so much for your wonderful comments! Always greatly appreciated and read. Have a happy crafting day!!!


text:
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text: Oliver is almost a year old! He's a rambunctious guy who is always trying to please his Mama! Oliver unfortunately broke his leg about a month ago, but being the resilient pup that he is, the leg hasn't slowed him down much! He's almost healed! Oliver is the best pup anyone could ask for, he has unyielding love! Plus he loves to cuddle :)Add to Favorites


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HPLC Columns Videos
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Introduction to Ascentis HPLC Columns (23:04) provides an overview of the family of columns. Ascentis columns are retentive, high performance phases that are designed specifically for separation of small molecules. Method development is made easy because all Ascentis columns have comparable ...
HPLC Column Fundamentals (28:01) provides an introduction to how solutes can interact with columns containing porous particles and stationary phases to result in separation. The efficiency, retention and selectivity terms in the resolution equation will be explained as well as how certain particle and column characteristics can alter the terms and affect ...
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I Want to Meet Other Army Wifes
Personal Stories, Advice, and Support 15 People
Well. I just almost threw away 8 yearsfor nothing... :( WHY do I feel this way!? Just wish he could come home already.
mirandab3 22-25, F 0 Apr 21, 2015
my husband recently came back from overseasand we are trying to get back into the swing of things. any advice would be great!
Kvictoriax 18-21, F 1 Aug 20, 2015
Army Wife Lonely In Fort Leonard WoodI recently moved to Fort Leonard wood Missouri to be with my husband. I left my job, my family, friends and my life to marry the man I love and to become an army wife. I never knew how hard it would be to move so far away to the middle of nowhere coming from a large city and use...
emtast 26-30, F 0 Aug 20, 2009
My husband just leftfor basic a few days ago and is love some army wifes to talk to I'm pretty lonely
Breannenichole 18-21, F 0 Jul 15, 2015
is there any wives in fort hoodthat are really bored because i know i am
peggy23 26-30, F 0 Feb 12, 2015


text: Does a wood burning stove and metal chimney system need to be professionally installed in order to get homeowner's insurance? I am having a house built and my builder said he would do the install, but that is not his professional line of work. I think this will be the first time he has done a stove install. He said as long as there are instructions, it should be no problem for him to do the install.


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SHARE THIS PAGE View Viral Dashboard ›
- justing33 thinks "15 Signs That You Study Linguistics" is Fail
Response to 15 Signs That You Study Linguistics:
Most of my work isn't reading. I'd say that at least half is devoted to writing—then re-writing—research papers and stimuli. Not to mention all the awesome discussion I have in my classes.


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This is such a fun, eventful time of year for our firsties! I had trouble choosing only five things to share this week, but that's definitely a good problem to have, right?!?
After studying the life cycle of plants, we have transitioned to focus on the life cycle of other living things… frogs, butterflies, and ladybugs, to name a few. Here are a few activities and projects that we have used to demonstrate life cycle in our classroom.
- Frogs
- Butterflies
- Ladybugs
We introduced our new unit with one of my favorite texts: The Very Hungry Caterpillar by Eric Carle.
To reinforce the reading skills of retelling a story and responding to texts, the students created this caterpillar book report. It's a great visual craft that, in which the students write to retell the beginning, middle, and end of the story as well as write their own response. I provided this example to get them started:
and these are samples of their work...
In addition to the book report, the students created this days-of-the-week flip chart to sequence foods the caterpillar at throughout the story.
These little Easter pictures were favorites among my students as well. We combined tear-art, foam stickers, foam paper, handprints, and gummie worms to create these little Easter chicks.
Last, but not least, many of our plants have grown quite well this week! My kids have been so positive about the experience. For the ones that didn't sprout as quickly (or at all), they just called them "late bloomers" and carried them home with pride.
I hope you all have a delightful Easter weekend!


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Landmark store closing
LINDA KOEHLER/TIMES NEWS Bill Spillane has decided to close the doors of Spillane's Variety Store in Palmerton after 37 years and marks the end of a 64-year family-run business. The store's going-out-of-business sale starts tomorrow.
A visit to Spillane's is like a visit to the local general store of years gone by. It has all those everyday items needed, and some you just didn't know you needed.
You invariably meet a neighbor or two. The staff is friendly, warm and always helpful. All that's missing is the old pot belly stove.
Palmerton and the surrounding community, will soon be bidding Spillane's Variety Store, located at 260 Delaware Ave., a fond farewell.
An era will come to an end beginning tomorrow, when Bill Spillane will hold the first day of his store closing sale.
The store has a 64-year old legacy which began with the founder of a chain of Spillane stores, Bill's father, George Spillane Sr.
For 14 years, George managed F.W. Woolworth stores in Maryland, Washington, D.C. and Pennsylvania. He met his wife, Ellen in one of the stores. They were married 70 years before she passed away last year. They have five children, 14 grandchildren and 10 great-grandchildren.
"We moved a lot when my dad managed the Woolworth stores. Then my dad opened his own store, G.J. Spillane 5 & 10 Cent Store at Ridge and Tilghman Streets in Allentown in 1949," says Spillane.
Two more G.J. Spillane stores opened, one on Eighth Street in Allentown in 1950 and on Sixth Street in the city in 1954. Another opened in Emmaus in 1964. Then in 1976, the family purchased the old W.T. Grant Store in Palmerton at 260 Delaware Ave. and it became the fifth store, known as Spillane's Variety Store.
Over the years, one by one, the other stores were closed. Only the Palmerton store has remained open. It was from this store that George retired in 2001 at the age of 85. At 97, he's living today in Allentown.
Spillane grew up working in his dad's stores. When he graduated from Allentown Central Catholic High School in 1959, he saw working in the store as a great opportunity.
"It's been good to me all these years," he says. "I have no regrets."
Like his dad, Bill met his wife, Marie, in the store. They were married 48 years until she passed away last year. They have two sons, Bill Jr. and Jim, and two grandchildren.
Bill has mixed feelings about closing the store. He wants to retire. He tried finding a buyer, but that hasn't happened. Neither of his sons followed in their dad's or grandfather's footsteps, carving out careers of their own. So he made the difficult decision to close the store.
"Your time comes. I'm 71. I'm ready," he says.
He talks about having worked six days a week with rarely taking any time off over the years.
"Basically, the store has been my life. But I'm looking forward to doing a little fishing. I like being in the outdoors. Spending more time with family. It will be a change. But I'm ready," he says.
When asked what he'll miss the most, he says, "The customers. My staff. Attending the trade shows. The suppliers. They become your friends. It's the people that make your day."
Even driving to and from the store has been a pleasure.
"It's my 'down time.' I always take the back country roads. I listen to good music and watch the changing of the seasons. I always enjoyed the ride."
As customers hear about the store's impending closing, almost the first reaction is "Oh no!" They just can't imagine the town without Spillane's.
Spillane believes the store has been successful because, "We looked for things you didn't find in the big stores. We were always looking for something new for our customers."
Some of what makes Spillane's such a unique store is its sections for crafting, cake decorating and candy making supplies; fabric and floral departments; Red Hat items; and primitive and country decor pieces.
Now everything in the store is on sale from clothing, toys, bed and bath, housewares, health and beauty, stationery, hardware, candy, greeting cards, crafts. floral, county decor and seasonal items.
All sales are final with no refunds or exchanges. The store is open Mondays-Thursdays from 9 a.m. until 5:30 p.m.; Fridays from 9 a.m. until 7 p.m.; and Saturdays from 9 a.m. until 5 p.m.
Spillane wants his customers to know that he's very grateful and appreciative of their support all these years.
"It's been a good 37 years here. I'll miss a lot of things. I've been very fortunate. I enjoyed my job. But it's time. Even my dad says so."


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Call 760.889.4180
We have all heard of Past Life Regression, some of us believe in reincarnation whole-heartedly, some sit on the fence and others completely dismiss it. Either way when you truly experience it - you see a different side to yourself that was unimaginable. It changes your life's perspective. It expands you. Some people have described it as "a trip" or a "reuniting with themselves" or "a filling in the blanks" or a "remarkable" experience. The story does not end there - there is a twist!
What if I told you, you could speak to the sub-conscious? It is the seat of everything that you are, that you have been and it holds the keys to your future! It has an all encompassing knowledge that can give you the answers that you are looking for.
Dolores Cannon developed a technique that does just that - Quantum Healing Hypnosis Therapy. As you time travel you experience lifetimes that are purposeful and insightful. The sub-conscious or higher-self understands you better than you think and gives you only what you can handle in a safe and comforting environment. There is a reason you are reading these words right now!
Interestingly, what Dolores found was that the higher-self not only is able to answer the burning questions her clients had about their life purpose, their life paths, emotional and physical matters but also found that healing was possible. Many individuals have received astounding healing during these sessions. This technique accesses the information that is part of our collective consciousness and the knowledge retrieved has filled chapters of many books about humanity's past, present and future.
Dolores has since been teaching her technique all over the world and Chiara Marrapodi is proud to be a Dedicated Practitioner who has been trained by Dolores Cannon. This truly is a momentous occasion both for our clients and for Dance of the Soul Hypnotherapy.
Listen to Don Estes as he explains the science of what we are doing with QHHT from a Harmonic and Vibrational perspective
"Magic happens in the space between conscious thoughts and the present moment" - Chiara Marrapodi
Dance of the Soul Hypnotherapy and Chiara Marrapodi serves San Diego, Orange County and Los Angeles in California. Supporting transformation from the inside-out. Allowing individuals to ReConnect with their true essence and find the spark within themselves - unfolding their hidden gifts!
Julia and Dolores Cannon, Chiara Marrapodi and Candace Craw-Goldman QHHT Level 2
Dolores Cannon on What to Expect in a QHHT Session
Disclaimer: All information whether, audio, video or written on this web page relating to nutrition, stress support, hormone support and any other modality do not replace allopathic medicine, they are complimentary. It is recommended to always contact your allopathic physician.
All material Copyright ©Dance of the Soul Hypnotherapy™ 2014. All rights reserved.


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See All
Video Recipes
"Pachakam" means cooking in kerala and Pachakam.Com welcomes you to the magnificent world of easy and healthy Indian cooking with a probe into the fascinating Indian cooking recipes. Cooking is not just about making food but is an art of presenting your culinary skills to those who love food with a different flavor and Indian cooking, by no means is an exception.
this healthy and good. this makes fullfill your diet
Category :
Published On: 04 Jun 2015
English: All Purpose Flour
tamil: Maida Maavu
malayalam: Maida Mavu
telugu: Maida Pindi
kannada: Maida Hittu
hindi: Maida
Bengali: Maida
Gujarati: Mando
Konkani: Maida
Marathi: Maida
Oriya: Maida
for more details, click the name of the ingredient
English: Salt
tamil: Uppu
malayalam: Uppu
telugu: Uppu
kannada: Uppu
hindi: Namak
Bengali: Laban / Noone
Gujarati: Meethu
Konkani: Meet
Marathi: Mith
English: oil
tamil: Ennai
malayalam: enna
telugu: camuru
kannada: taila
hindi: tela
Punjabi: moyen
Chop all vegetable and keep aside
In pan add oil and saute ginger garlic and add onions and green chili
Add all vegetables mix well add chili powder and salt and cook for 5 mins and turn off . Add tofu and mix well. now stuffing is ready.
In mean time make dough of all purpose flour and keep aside
Flat thin sheet of dough and place it tawa
cook one side and turn back and apply oil and tofu stuffing
Roll like full and cook for one min
Now its ready to serve Tofu vegetable wrap
Radish Paratha – a stuffed parantha recipe from land of Punjab. It is nothing but a whole bread Indi...
Sweet Potato Roti Recipe is simple quick to make and delicious to eat.Sweet potatoes are high in bet...
The avocado parathas were super soft and very delicious. Do ...
Thalipeeth is a recipe belongs to Maharashtra. Thalipeeth is...
Ragi is very healthy for any meal. This recipe can be made o...
Drumstick paratha is quite an innovative paratha recipe wi...
Nizana Shammas is a hosewife who has lots of interest n cooking. She is an expert in providing various traditional recipes.
Renukadevi Kumanan is a well versed person in providing varities of South Indian recipes and also some modern recipes. She used to try varities of recipes from different cuisines.
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