text:
There didn't seem to be much that seemed worth our while in town, so we decided to head for an estate sale one town over that was listed on Craigslist. We arrived right at the start, and once we saw what they had to offer immediately looked at each other and said "maybe we should have brought more money." There were piles and piles of amazing vintage at great prices. We started a pile on the "hold" table that grew larger and larger. Phillip spotted a vintage Turtle Wax barrel at a great price, and we decided to buy what we could and then go home to grab some more cash. The people graciously held the barrel for us and we returned and bought that and more. We even went back on Sunday and brought Phillip's mom (and most things were half off!). We never did find a bookcase though.
Here are some of our finds:
A Freemason motif pillow, a ceramic cowboy, a plastic hillbilly, a wide-mouth bird ashtray, a coal rabbit, some vintage pennants, and a 1950s child's cowboy belt.
A "Lady Remington" shaver with the original case, a mid-century serving dish, a mod vase, and a pair of green sunglasses.
This is an apron made from an amazing playing card print fabric. I can't wait to put it in the space with our Vegas-y stuff!
Lots of random paper goods- an adorable dog-themed Father's Day card, a mousetrap valentine, a Silver Springs FL road map with a bathing beauty on the front, Marineland brochures, an announcement of the opening of "The Music Box" club in San Francisco dating from 1934, a gorgeous swallow postcard (which I will be keeping and framing), and a pack of sweet postcards from the 1960s.
I was thrilled to see a table of vintage Christmas stuff. I headed right over and snagged these goodies: a cool silver bottlebrush tree, a bag of vintage gift tags, a Christmas hankie (maybe destined for another pillow?), and this great tree skirt.
Here's a closeup of the print on the tree skirt. Isn't it adorable? It reminds me of the print on my Christmas Hankie Pillow. I am definitely keeping it and I can't wait to see it under our tree next Christmas!
I also picked up a few pieces of vintage fabrics. I'm putting all of these (except the top one) in the new space in a little vintage sewing section. We'll see how that does! Have any of you who sell in antique stores had luck with sewing supplies?
Here's some "Magic Plastic Letters" (how cool is the box?), a set of sixties drinking glasses (there are eight altogether), a Captain Kangaroo book, and a little starburst tray.
How cool is this Scotland-themed scarf? I love the tartans all around the sides. I'm debating whether this one would do better on Etsy or in the antique space. What do you think?
Of course, I also managed to get over to the Goodwill on Friday. I found all of these great ceramics:
And this tiny set of mid-century chairs:
Unfortunately, the red one has a noticeable chip, but I think someone might dig them nevertheless. I'll be trying them out in the space.
If you see any items you like, they may be listed on Phillip's Ebay account, so take a looksie!


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|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Oct 13, 1981
|Filing date
|Sep 11, 1979
|Priority date
|Sep 11, 1979
|Publication number
|David E. Nelson, John V. Bouyoucos
|Original Assignee
|Hydroacoustics Inc.
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (22), Non-Patent Citations (5), Referenced by (84), Classifications (9)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The present invention relates to optical sensors and particularly to an optical transducer system utilizing optical waveguides which are deformed to amplitude modulate light in accordance with a parameter to be transduced.
This application is related to applications Ser. Nos. 74,268, and 74,269, filed concurrently herewith in the names of John V. Bouyoucos and David E. Nelson, and in the name of John V. Bouyoucos, respectively. These applications are assigned to the same assignee as the instant application.
The term "light" as used herein is intended to encompass both visible light as well as light in other parts of the spectrum than visible light which may be propagated by the optical waveguides which are used in the transducer system provided by the invention.
The invention is especially suitable for use with optical fiber waveguides which have a clad around a core; the clad being of material having a lower index of refraction than the core. Such optical fibers, when deformed, couple light which is propagated through the core into the clad in accordance with the amount of deformation of the fiber. By deformation is meant either flexure or deflection of the fiber or of the clad. The principle of variably coupling the light propagated from the core to the clad and thereby modulating the light in the core and in the clad, as well as means for removing or tapping the light from the clad have been heretofore described in Miller, U.S. Pat. No. 3,931,518 issued Jan. 6, 1976; Miller, U.S. Pat. No. 4,019,051 issued Apr. 19, 1977; Dyott, Pat. No. 4,135,780 issued Jan. 23, 1979; Jeunhomme & Pocholle, Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 29, No. 8,485 (15 Oct. 1976); and Keck, Schutz & Zimar, Attenuation of Multimode Glass Optical Waveguides, September, 1972).
The invention may also be used with other types of deformable optical waveguides where light modulated in accordance with the deformation extent may be available from more than one part of the waveguide. Such waveguides may operate in accordance with the principle of diffraction, variable absorption or other optical effects. Some of such waveguides are described in Maher, U.S. Pat. No. 4,128,299 issued Dec. 5, 1978 (Maher mentions six patents and patent applications therein, namely Conwell, Ser. No. 621,312; Brandt et al, 3,856,378; Snitzer 3,625,589; Sosnowski 3,802,760; Li et al, 3,804,489; and McNaney 3,704,060). An optical transducer having a flexible optical waveguide which is deformed to provide modulation of the light propagated therethrough which is relevant to the present invention is Wright 4,142,774 issued Mar. 6, 1979. Other optical transducers relevant to the invention in that the principle of deformation is used in the transduction of the parameter to be sensed are Witt 3,051,003 issued Aug. 28, 1962; and Duke 3,056,297 issued Oct. 2, 1962.
The invention is especially suitable for use in providing an optical hydrophone. A survey of various proposals for optical hydrophones is described in Shajenko, Progress on Optical Hydrophones, U.S. Navy Journal of Underwater Acoustics, Vol. 29, No. 2, 169 (April 1979) (see also Bucaro et al U.S. Pat. No. 4,162,397 issued July 24, 1979).
Optical transducers and particularly optical hydrophones have not found acceptance and have not been more advantageous to use than transducers using crystals principally because of problems in obtaining both a large dynamic range and high sensitivity as needed in many applications for such transducers, particularly under water as hydrophones. The dynamic range is restricted principally because of the limitations of the optical modulation scheme employed and the effects of optical/mechanical noise. Large dynamic range is needed in hydrophone applications, since in many instances the hydrophone must be able to observe a weak return signal in the presence of high power radiated signals. Sources of noise may be optical in nature and may be due to the light source which may vary in intensity. There is also inherent photon noise as well as shot noise in photodetectors and electrical signal amplifiers. Another significant source of noise, mechanical in nature, is generated in the optical fiber waveguide itself and may be due to deformation of the guide as it flexes. Such flexure can result prior to or after the transducer deformer and may have a similar effect in modulating the light remaining in the core and coupled to the clad. The dynamic range of the optical transducer first starts at this noise floor.
It is therefore a principal object of the present invention to provide an improved optical transducer system in which the effects of noise introduced into the system are minimized.
It is another object of the present invention to provide an improved optical transducer system having wide dynamic range of response to the parameter which is to be sensed and coupled to the output of the system.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide an improved fiber optic transducer system which may be used to sense various parameters, particularly acoustic signals, and is especially adapted to provide a hydrophone system.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an improved optical transducer system using an optical waveguide in which noise introduced due to the source of light which propagates through the guide as well as due to transmission through the guide itself is minimized.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an improved optical transducer which operates by selective deformation of an optical waveguide.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an improved optical transducer which amplitude modulates the output signal therefrom in accordance with the parameter being sensed.
It is a still further object of the present invention to provide an improved optical waveguide transducer, in which light coupled from the core to the clad of an optical waveguide is modulated by deforming the guide with the difference between the light in the core and in the clad being sensed to provide a differential sensor, wherein extraneous noise effects are minimized.
Briefly described, an optical transducer system according to an embodiment of the invention makes use of an optical waveguide. This waveguide may, for example, be a planar form waveguide or an optical fiber waveguide. The waveguide was juxtaposed portions of material which are transmissive of light and which are of different indexes of refraction. These portions extend longitudinally along the guide and may be the core and clad of an optical fiber waveguide. The waveguide is deformed in response to the parameter to be transduced as by means of a flexurally mounted member having a grating which causes a multiple flexure of a section of the guide. Such deformation modulates the amplitude of the light which is propagated along different paths in the guide. In the case of an optical fiber, both the light propagating through the core and through the clad are modulated with, for example, the light amplitude in the clad increasing while the light amplitude in the core is decreasing for increasing deformation, the total light remaining substantially constant. The light from the different paths is separately detected and an electrical output corresponding to the difference in amplitudes therebetween is provided. The means for providing this output may be an analog or digital difference circuit. The average or D.C. value of the signals, the difference between which is obtained, is desirably nulled. This may be accomplished by applying a mechanical bias to the deformer and/or by electrical circuit means which control the amplitude of electrical signals corresponding to the optical signals from the different paths in the guide, or both.
Whereas the mode coupling created by the deformer has been described as between the modes of propagation within the core and the clad of the waveguide as a preferred embodiment, other mode combinations may exhibit coupling for which differential sensing is useful. These other mode combinations may include, for example, sets of core modes of different order. A set of modes includes at least one mode and follows a distinct path of light propagation through the waveguide structure having light output which is separately detectable from light which propagates along other paths. Also, combination waveguide structures embodying multiple cores may be employed where the coupling due to deformation is between the several cores. Other combination structures may include guides with multiple clads. Fundamentally, the invention encompasses deformer means, sensitive to the parameter one wishes to sense, which can modulate light energy along two separate, guided paths such that the light energy increases along one path and decreases along the other path for a deformation of one polarity with respect to a mean deformation, and then decreases along the one path and increases along the other path for a deformation of the other polarity. Optical means, such as lenses, aperture plates, or special couplers may be used to assure that only the light which propagates along a desired path in the waveguide reaches the detector for that path. By measuring the difference in the light intensity along the two paths, an output is obtained which is proportional to the signal being sensed. At the same time, the differencing process tends to minimize noise energy which is propagated symmetrically along the two paths such as noise introduced at the light source or in symmetrical bending of the guided paths in regions other than at the deformer.
The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention as well as presently preferred embodiments thereof will become more apparent from a reading of the following description in connection with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an optical sensor system embodying the invention;
FIG. 2 is a more detailed block diagram illustrating an optical sensor system embodying the invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing an electronic system for obtaining the outputs from the optical modulator of the transducer system which is presently preferred for use when analog circuitry is desired;
FIG. 4 is block diagram illustrating an optical sensor system having digital circuits for providing the output therefrom;
FIGS. 5a, b, and c, are sectional views (FIGS. 5b and c being fragmentary views of a portion of FIG. 5a) of a fiber optic modulator which may be used in a system embodying the invention such as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2, and 4;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view illustrating the lower half of the device shown in FIG. 5a; and
FIG. 7 is a plot of curves illustrating the operation of the device as shown in FIGS. 5a, b and c.
Referring more particularly to FIG. 1, a source of input light such as a laser or a light emitting diode is coupled to an optical waveguide which may be an optical fiber. This fiber is an exemplary and presently preferred waveguide structure which may be used in accordance with the invention. Other waveguide structures and other paths of propagation of light therein are also within the scope of the invention.
The fiber is part of a fiber optical modulator 10 in which the light propagated along the core of this first fiber is coupled partially to the clad. A tap, such as with a second optical fiber, is provided which removes the light which is coupled to the clad. The first optical fiber and the second optical fiber provide separate outputs from the modulator 10 to optoelectric transducers 12 and 14 which convert these optical signals into electrical signals. These electrical signals are applied to a difference circuit 16. An electrical output from the system thus corresponds to the difference in amplitude between the electrical signals from the optoelectric transducers 12 and 14 and their corresponding optical signals from the modulator 10. The optoelectric transducers employed in the system are preferably photodetectors such as PIN diodes. The type of photodetector which is selected will depend upon cost and packaging considerations.
The modulator 10 contains a deformer which enables the light which is coupled to the core of the fiber at the input of the modulator 10 to be partially coupled to the clad. Preferably a bias force is applied to the deformer. This bias insures that the electrical output from the difference circuit will be maintained at a minimum amplitude on an average or D.C. basis. In other words, the light which is coupled to the clad due to the bias will be of a sufficient amplitude to balance the remaining light in the core of the fiber. The optical signals from the second fiber which taps the clad and the optical signals from the first fiber are thus of approximately equal amplitude on a DC or average basis. The optoelectric transducers 12 and 14 thus provide average electrical signals which are nearly balanced. The difference circuit 16 can then be trimmed to provide a nulled average amplitude output. Now, in the presence of a mechanical signal input corresponding to the parameter to be transduced, the light coupled to the core and clad of the fiber will become unbalanced. For example, for an increasing deformation with respect to the average bias, more light is coupled to the clad than remains in the core. For a decreasing deformation with respect to the average bias, more light stays in the core than is coupled to the clad. The difference circuit 16 then provides an output corresponding to the dynamic mechanical signal (viz., an acoustic pressure variation). In the event that the transducer system is used under water for hydrophone applications, the acoustic signal may be a seismic wave propagated through the water or a sonar signal.
The light input may be communicated to the modulator 10 through a long optical fiber, for instance from the surface when the modulator is disposed under water in the hydrophone application. Noise is inherently present due to variations in the intensity or amplitude of the light source. Such noise variation may be photon noise or it may be due to variations in the power energizing the light source or other variations which affect the light amplitude. All of this noise is a component of the light propagated to the modulator. In addition, the fiber leading to the modulator 10 may be flexed and distorted. This can cause a portion of the signal power to be coupled to the clad or leak out of the fiber. Such leakage or coupling varies with the flexing of the fiber and also contributes to the noise component of the signal power. Such noise effectively amplitude modulates the optical carrier and is amplitude modulation noise. The modulator 10 is also an amplitude modulation device such that the noise component adds to the signal component. The amount of deformation of the fiber in the modulator 10 is limited. Also the mechanical strength of the fiber limits the dynamic range of the modulation of the optical signals from the modulator 10 as a result of the mechanical signal input. The noise component can thus occupy a significant portion of the dynamic range. Unless the noise component is eliminated, the total dynamic range of the transducer system is correspondingly limited.
Such limitations are removed by reason of the partitioning of the optical signals between two branches which signals are equal in intensity and the subsequent differential signal processing. The noise is equal in the separate outputs from the modulator and removed in the difference circuit 16. The parameter being sensed which is shown as the mechanical input to the modulator 10 is, however, not balanced because it varies the modulation of the light at the modulator outputs in opposite senses. Thus, the noise from the light source, from flexing of the input waveguide or output waveguides (as long as the latter flex together) is cancelled in the difference circuit 16 and does not appear in the output to a substantial extent. The output from the difference circuit 16 does vary in accordance with the mechanical input signal. The sensitivity of the transducer system is effectively enhanced since the noise component is nulled. The full dynamic range of the transducer is then available for utilization.
The equalizing of the noise may be accomplished in the electrical circuitry associated with the modulator or in the modulator itself by applying the bias. Both the bias and electrical circuit means may be provided to minimize the noise, and, by means of the differential circuit, to cancel it, thereby to increase the sensitivity and dynamic range of the system.
Referring to FIG. 2, the light input source is shown as a light emitting diode (LED) 18. This diode emits light which may be focussed, as by means of a lens or by close coupling, to the core 20 of the optical fiber waveguide 22. The light may be provided continuously, as when a switch 24 remains closed, or intermittently as pulses of light. The light propagates through the fiber 22 and is coupled from the core 20 to the clad 26 thereof, when the fiber is deformed. This deformation is shown as being the deflection of the fiber 22 between the teeth of gratings 28 and 30, between which the fiber 22 is sandwiched. A predetermined deformation in the form of a deflection of the fiber is provided by biasing the gratings 28 and 30 toward each other. Such biasing may be provided by spring means in a flexural support for the gratings 26 and 28 will be described hereinafter in connection with FIG. 5. Alternatively, the deformation may be provided externally, for instance, in the case of a hydrophone or microphone, by the static ambient pressure. It is recognized that in many cases the mechanical biasing means will be imperfect, and the desired optical/electrical balance between the two outputs will not be struck. In this case, an electrical balance following the photodetectors 34 and 36 will suffice. Therefore, in the instant embodiment both a mechanical bias and electrical balancing are provided for.
A second optical fiber 32 is coupled to the fiber 22 past the deformer gratings 28 and 30 to extract light propagating in the clad. The fibers 22 and 32 provide the separate optical signals to optoelectric transducers in the form of photodetector diodes 34 and 36. It will be appreciated that phototransistors may also be used as the optoelectric transducers. The mechanical input signals may be applied to one of the gratings 28 or 30 directly or by means of a diaphragm and mechanical linkage. In the event that the system is used as a hydrophone it may be desirable to compensate for any deformation due to water pressure which increases with depth as the hydrophone descends below the surface. To this end, pressure compensation means may be provided for increasing the pressure in the volume between the gratings 26 and 28 which contains the fiber 22. A hydrophone having such pressure compensating means is the subject matter of the above referenced related application filed in the name of John V. Bouyoucos, concurrently herewith.
The difference circuit is provided by an inverting amplifier 38 and a variable gain amplifier 40. The outputs of these amplifiers when summed in a summing circuit 42 is the difference between the electrical signals corresponding to the pair of optical signals from the fibers 22 and 32 which are converted into the electrical signals by the diodes 34 and 36. To balance the signals so that the DC or average values are equalized and the noise is similarly equalized and cancelled in the summing circuit 42, there is provided a feedback circuit having a lowpass filter 44 and the variable gain amplifier 40. The lowpass filter may have a cutoff at a very low frequency (e.g., a few Hz). Then the gain in the path for amplifying the electrical signal from the diode 36, corresponding to the optical signal from the fiber 22, is varied until the DC or average value of the amplitude thereof is equal to the amplitude of the signal from the other diode 34, corresponding to the optical signal from the fiber 32. The difference in the amplitudes of these electrical signals is obtained from the difference circuit made up of the inverting amplifier 38 and summing circuit 42. The difference signal is applied to the gain feedback loop; and with sufficient loop gain, tends to drive the difference to zero. Of course, the feedback circuit may alternatively be on the opposite side and applied to control the gain of the inverting amplifier which then is a variable gain stage.
It is preferred, however, to normalize the amplitude of the signals from the photodetectors ahead of the summing circuit 42. Normalization may be implemented, as shown in FIG. 3, by circuitry having two variable gain amplifiers 45 and 46. The average value of the amplitudes of the electrical signals at the outputs of these amplifiers 45 and 46 is normalized to be equal to a reference amplitude equal to the voltage VREF from a reference potential source shown as a battery 48. Difference amplifiers 50 and 52 are connected respectively to the outputs of the variable gain amplifiers 46 and 45 and to the source 48. The outputs of the differential amplifiers are filtered in lowpass filters 54 and 56 having low cutoff frequencies, again of a few Hz, and applied as error signals to control the gain of the variable gain amplifiers 45 and 46. It will be noted that the lowpass filters 44, 54 and 56 have frequencies below the lowest frequency in the frequency spectrum of the mechanical signals applied as the signal input to the deformer of the modulator (viz., to both the gratings 28 and 30 as shown in FIG. 2). By reason of the automatic gain control provided by the feedback circuits including the differential amplifiers 50 and 52 and the filters 54 and 56, not only are the electrical signals corresponding to the optical outputs from the fibers equalized in their average or DC values, but the electrical signal output for a given percent change in light occurring at the FOM (fiber optic modulator) is normalized as well. That is, the normalization corrects for such unwanted variations as the intensity of the light source 18 or losses in the transmission fibers 20, 32. The difference circuit including the inverting amplifier 38 and the summing circuit 42 thus provides an electrical output which is (a) standardized in output for a given FOM modulation, thus eliminating variations of light intensity in the system other than for which the parameter being sensed is responsible and (b) in which the noise components are substantially eliminated.
The circuits shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are analog circuits and it may be desirable, particularly when several fiber optic modulators are provided in an array, to process the electrical signals on a digital basis. An exemplary digital system is shown in FIG. 4. This system includes a light source 58, such as may contain a light emitting diode or several light emitting diodes each associated with a different fiber optic modulator 60. These modulators may each be of the type described in connection with FIGS. 1 and 2. The light source may include a switch, such as a switching transistor circuit, which is repetitively enabled by a train of pulses produced by the clock source 62. The clock source 62 also provides an additional train of pulses which may be delayed from the first train of pulses and which identify the time of the return of the light pulses after propagating through the optical waveguide system. These latter clock pulses are synchronous with the clock pulses which operate the light source 58 and control processing of the optical signals.
The separate outputs from the modulator or modulators 60 are translated into electrical signals by optoelectric transducers 64 and 66. These outputs are sampled by analog to digital converters (ADC) 68 and 70. The delayed pulses from the clock source 62 are applied to processing unit (CPU) 72 of a digital processing system 74. The processing unit may be a microprocessor of the type generally available, which provides sampling and address signals to a multiplexer (MUX) 76. The digital output signals from the converters 68 and 70 are thus sampled at a rate controlled and synchronous with the pulses which activate the light source and produce the light pulses.
Accordingly, each light pulse will produce a pair of outputs in the form of digital signals which are selected by the multiplexer 76 and stored in a memory 78. Two digital signals are provided for each light pulse and are read out of the memory on data lines to the CPU 72 where they are normalized and subtracted from each other to provide the differential output. This differential output may be a digital signal which is available at the output ports of the CPU. Alternatively, the digital signal may be applied to a digital to analog converter and reconverted into analog form. It will be appreciated that the normalization and filtering process as carried on on an analog basis in the systems described in connection with FIGS. 2 and 3 are provided for digitally by manipulation of the digital signals from the memory in the CPU 72 in accordance with a program stored therein or in the memory 78. Thus the memory 78, multiplexer 76, and CPU 72 operate both as the normalization circuits and as the difference circuits which was described in connection with FIGS. 1, 2 and 3.
Referring to FIGS. 5 and 6, there is shown a deformer 80 which has an upper section 82 and a lower section 84 of like configuration. The lower section is illustrated in FIG. 6. Grooves 104 and 106 separate a central portion 98 of the lower section from the ends 110 and 112 thereof. The grooves 104 and 106 enable the central portion to flex with respect to the ends 110 and 112. The portion 98 of the lower section 84 of the deformer 80 has a row of teeth 90. These teeth are offset from each other longitudinally of the fiber 88 which is deformed. The teeth are disposed to periodically deform, by flexure, the fiber 88 as shown in FIG. 5a. The upper section 82 also has a central portion 96 with teeth 86 which are offset in a direction longitudinally of the fiber 88 from the teeth 90 in the lower section 84. The upper section 82 also has grooves 100 and 102 which separate the central portion 96 from the ends 107 and 108 of the upper section 82 and enable the central portion 96 to flex with respect to the ends 107 and 108 thereof. Except for longitudinal grooves (shown in FIG. 6 as the grooves 103 and 105 in the ends 110 and 112 of the lower section 84), the ends 107, 110 and 108, 112 of the upper and lower sections have their surfaces, shown at 114 and 118 in FIG. 6 and by the dark lines at 114 and 118 in FIG. 5a, in contact. The inner surface 94 of the central portion 98 of the lower section is opposed to the inner surface 92 of the central portion 96 of the upper section. These surfaces are coincident as shown by the dash line identified by both reference numerals 92 and 94 in FIG. 5a at the maximum inward flexure of the central portions 96 and 98 (which is the maximum flexure and deformation of the fiber 88). The surfaces 92 and 94 are apart at less than maximum deflection of the fiber, as when the fiber 88 is not flexed, as shown in FIG. 5b and when the bias deformation alone is applied to the fiber 88 as shown in FIG. 5c. The teeth 90 are offset from surface 94 of the central portion 98 of the lower section 84 as shown best in FIG. 6. The teeth 86 are similarly offset from the surface 92 of the central portion 96 of the upper section 82.
Because of the separation of the teeth 86 and 90 in the upper and lower grating section 82 and 84, in the absence of external pressure applied to the outer surfaces 91 and 93 of these sections, a predetermined bias is flexurally applied to the fiber.
For purposes of illustration, consider that the fiber 88 has a diameter of 10 mils (0.010 inch) and the predetermined deflection which is desired is 2 mils as shown in FIG. 5c. Now the deformer permits only a maximum deflection of 4 mils as shown in FIG. 5a, inasmuch as the opposing surfaces 94 and 92 of the central grating portions 96 and 98 come together into contact as shown in FIG. 5a. This prevents damage to the fiber.
When the pressure on surfaces 91 and 93 external of the chamber 89 decreases on a dynamic basis with respect to the pressure internal thereto, the teeth 86 and 90 move apart from each other to a position where the initial mechanical bias is effectively removed. The opposing surfaces 94 and 92 of the grating portions 96 and 98 then become separated by 4 mils as shown in FIG. 5b. It will therefore be seen that in order to provide for a maximum allowable dynamic deflection of the fiber of 2 mils, with a 10-mil diameter fiber, the height of the teeth 86 and 90 below the surfaces 92 and 94 is 4 mils or one-half the fiber diameter minus one-half the allowable deflection. These dimensions are shown in FIG. 5a.
FIG. 7 illustrates the relationship between the intensity of the light (viz., the optical signal) obtained from the core of the fiber 88 at the output end thereof and from the fiber 126 which taps the light which is coupled into the clad of the fiber 88. A predetermined deflection indicated in FIG. 7 as (d), exists where these intensities are balanced and the power of the light coupled to the clad, indicated as curve (b) equals the power of the light remaining in the core as indicated by the curve (c). The power is equally portioned, split 50% into the clad and 50% into the core. The sum of the clad and core optical power remains close to 100% over the deflection range. This is shown by curve (a) of FIG. 7. It will, therefore, be observed that at the predetermined deformation which is shown as a deflection (d) in FIG. 7, the optical signals are balanced. This balance condition is upset by varying deflection. Such varying deflection may be caused by mechanical signals in the form of pressure differentials applied to the outside surfaces 91 and 93 of the deformer, for example, by acoustical energy applied thereto or otherwise by the parameter being sensed. Thus, as the deflection varies dynamically the output signals from the difference circuit whether implemented by analog means as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 or digitally as shown in FIG. 4, corresponds to the parameter which is being transduced, while the noise components remain balanced or nulled in the output.
From the foregoing description it will be apparent that there has been provided an improved optical transducer system. The system has many applications as a sensor or transducer for varying types of mechanical signals which may be obtained by acoustic pressure variations or in response to other effects which can be translated into a mechanical signal, (e.g., acceleration). Variations and modifications of the hereindescribed system, for example to utilize different paths of propagation in the fiber or different optical waveguides or to take advantage of mechanical signals which correspond to various parameters, will undoubtedly suggest themselves to those skilled in the art. Accordingly the foregoing description should be taken as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.
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|Hardy, "Coupled Mode Switching Device", IBM Tech. Discl. Bulletin, vol. 7, No. 6, Nov. 1964, pp. 480-481.
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|Keck et al, "Attenuation of Multimode Glass Optical Waveguides", Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 21, No. 5, Sep. 1972, pp. 215-217.
|Shajenko, "Progress On Optical Hydrophones", U.S. Navy Journal of Underwater Acoustics, vol. 29, No. 2, Apr. 1979, pp. 169-178.
|Citing Patent
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|Apr 14, 1983
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|Sep 10, 1981
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|Board Of Trustees Of Leland Stanford Jr. University
|Fiber coupler displacement transducer
|Sep 8, 1983
|Sep 18, 1984
|General Electric Company
|Fiber optics transducers for sensing parameter magnitude
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|Oct 16, 1984
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|Nov 13, 1984
|Gould Inc.
|Adjustable coupling device for a fiber-optic power divider
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|Gte Products Corporation
|Fiber optic sensor
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|Feb 12, 1985
|Gould Inc.
|Feedback system with automatic gain control action
|Jul 22, 1982
|Mar 5, 1985
|Telecommunications Radioelectriques T.R.T.
|Termination device using a directional coupler which compensates for the parasitic radiation from a light source via a compensation signal
|Jan 31, 1983
|Apr 23, 1985
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|Reversible optical waveguide vapor sensor
|Jan 24, 1983
|Apr 23, 1985
|Occidental Research Corporation
|Fiber optic movement measuring sensor
|Jul 25, 1983
|Jun 18, 1985
|Schlumberger Technology Corporation
|Pressure wave fiber optic transducer cable
|Oct 27, 1982
|Dec 10, 1985
|Raychem Corporation
|Optical fiber taps
|Dec 14, 1983
|Dec 24, 1985
|Anco Engineers, Incorporated
|Method and apparatus for measuring the weight of a vehicle while the vehicle is in motion
|Jun 27, 1985
|Dec 30, 1986
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|Fiber optics as an angular sensor
|Jan 27, 1986
|Jul 7, 1987
|General Motors Corporation
|Self aligning fiber optic microbend sensor
|Feb 22, 1985
|Jul 21, 1987
|Eldec Corporation
|Time-domain intensity normalization for fiber optic sensing
|Feb 6, 1985
|Dec 22, 1987
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force
|Mode dependent, optical time delay system for electrical signals
|Jul 12, 1985
|Feb 9, 1988
|Eldec Corporation
|Temperature independent fiber optic sensor
|Sep 26, 1985
|Feb 16, 1988
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy
|Fiber optic microbend phase shifter and modulator
|Apr 19, 1984
|Mar 1, 1988
|Raychem Corp.
|Methods and apparatus for optical fiber systems
|Jun 10, 1987
|Jun 7, 1988
|Stc Plc
|Optical fiber sensors
|May 12, 1986
|Jun 14, 1988
|Gould Inc.
|Fiber optic interferometric hydrophone
|Jan 7, 1986
|Jun 28, 1988
|Litton Systems, Inc.
|Piezoelectric loading housing and method
|Feb 2, 1987
|Oct 4, 1988
|Litton Systems, Inc.
|Fiber optic sensor array and method
|Feb 2, 1987
|Oct 18, 1988
|Litton Systems, Inc.
|Feed-backward lattice architecture and method
|Mar 22, 1985
|Oct 18, 1988
|Bernard Arzur
|Pressurized optical cable equipped to detect and locate pressure losses that might affect it
|Feb 2, 1987
|Nov 15, 1988
|Litton Systems, Inc.
|Backward-flow ladder architecture and method
|Sep 21, 1987
|Jan 24, 1989
|Litton Systems, Inc.
|Fiber optic gradient hydrophone and method of using same
|May 9, 1986
|Feb 28, 1989
|British Telecommunications Public Limited Company
|Apparatus and method for frequency locking electromagnetic optical signals
|Feb 27, 1987
|Apr 18, 1989
|Raychem Corp.
|Optical fiber tap
|Aug 7, 1987
|Apr 18, 1989
|George Seaver
|Optical wave guide band edge sensor and method
|Oct 21, 1986
|Apr 25, 1989
|Plessey Overseas Limited
|Sensing systems
|Dec 10, 1987
|Jun 20, 1989
|Simmonds Precision
|Polarimetric optical frequency domain distributed strain sensor and method
|Jan 22, 1987
|Jul 18, 1989
|Plessey Overseas Limited
|Optical fibre transducer injected data transmission system
|Feb 21, 1989
|Jan 2, 1990
|Stc Plc
|Thermo-optic differential expansion fiber sensor
|Aug 1, 1988
|Apr 17, 1990
|General Motors Corporation
|Fiber optic pressure sensor using pressure sensitive fiber different from input and output fibers
|Dec 5, 1989
|May 28, 1991
|Imperial Chemical Industries Plc
|Fibre optic data network
|Jul 3, 1989
|Aug 13, 1991
|Litton Systems, Inc.
|Interferometer calibration for fiber optic sensor arrays
|May 22, 1990
|Oct 13, 1992
|Litton Systems, Inc.
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|Sep 19, 1991
|Apr 6, 1993
|Litton Systems, Inc.
|Conformal fiber optic strain sensor
|Feb 5, 1992
|Nov 2, 1993
|Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation
|Optical modulation method operable in an optical transmission path and an optical modulator using the optical modulation method
|Dec 13, 1991
|Apr 19, 1994
|Optical connection device and data processing apparatus fitted with optical transmission means
|May 7, 1993
|Oct 18, 1994
|Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation
|Optical telephone using optical modulator
|May 22, 1990
|Dec 12, 1995
|Danver; Bruce A.
|Fiber optic sensor having mandrel wound reference and sensing arms
|Jul 3, 1998
|Jan 25, 2000
|The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force
|Oscillatory, optically coupled measurement system
|Jul 29, 1988
|Nov 16, 2004
|Hughes Electronics Corporation
|Intrusion detection system for secure fiber optics
|Jul 9, 2003
|May 16, 2006
|Cherry Corporation
|Seat for sensing a load
|Jun 30, 2003
|Apr 3, 2007
|Institut Francais Du Petrole
|Pressure sensor with temperature compensated optical fiber
|Mar 21, 2007
|Mar 24, 2009
|The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
|Fiber Bragg grating tuner
|May 15, 2002
|Feb 23, 2010
|Tpo Hong Kong Holding Limited
|Device for detecting pressure fluctuations, display device, recording device and sound reproduction system
|Oct 5, 2007
|Jun 7, 2011
|Honeywell International, Inc.
|Acoustic communication and control for seismic sensors
|Sep 24, 2007
|Aug 9, 2011
|Baxter International Inc.
|Detecting access disconnect by pattern recognition
|Dec 10, 2008
|Sep 13, 2011
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Event-based power management for seismic sensors
|Sep 28, 2005
|Jun 12, 2012
|The Commonwealth Of Australia
|Opto-acoustic pressure sensor
|Feb 26, 2008
|Jul 24, 2012
|Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd.
|Apparatus for adjusting luminance, display device having the same and method of adjusting luminance
|Apr 2, 2010
|Mar 5, 2013
|Grammer Ag
|Detection device and method for detecting occupancy of a seat using a light guide force sensor
|Jun 21, 2012
|Dec 31, 2013
|Xian Genher Optical Tech. Company
|Fiber optic sensor based on spiral structure
|Feb 25, 2009
|Feb 24, 2015
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Communication in a seismic sensor array
|Jan 28, 2014
|Apr 5, 2016
|Amit Kumar Gupta
|Fiber optic weight management mat
|May 15, 2002
|Jan 9, 2003
|Verweg Fransiscus Gerardus Coenradus
|Device for detecting pressure fluctuations, display device, recording device and sound reproduction system
|Jul 9, 2003
|Jan 13, 2005
|Cherry Corporation
|Seat for sensing a load
|Jan 25, 2005
|Jul 27, 2006
|Trw Automotive U.S. Llc
|Crash sensor for sensing an impact to a vehicle in response to reduced light intensity and an associated method
|Jun 30, 2003
|Jul 27, 2006
|Christian Wittrisch
|Pressure sensor with temperature compensated optical fiber
|Feb 26, 2008
|Sep 4, 2008
|Young Kim
|Apparatus for adjusting luminance, display device having the same and method of adjusting luminance
|Mar 21, 2007
|Sep 25, 2008
|The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
|Fiber Bragg grating tuner
|Sep 24, 2007
|Mar 26, 2009
|Baxter International Inc.
|Detecting access disconnect by pattern recognition
|Oct 5, 2007
|Apr 9, 2009
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Acoustic communication and control for seismic sensors
|Sep 28, 2005
|Jul 16, 2009
|Thales Underwater Systems Pty Ltd
|Opto-acoustic pressure sensor
|Dec 10, 2008
|Jun 10, 2010
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Event-based power management for seismic sensors
|Feb 25, 2009
|Aug 26, 2010
|Honeywell International Inc.
|Communication in a seismic sensor array
|Apr 2, 2010
|Nov 4, 2010
|Grammer Ag
|Detection Device and Method for Detecting Occupancy of a Seat
|Jun 21, 2012
|Nov 1, 2012
|Xian Genher Optical Tech. Company
|Fiber optic sensor based on spiral structure
|Sep 4, 2014
|Aug 4, 2016
|Silixa Ltd.
|Non-isotropic acoustic cable
|Oct 31, 2006
|Sep 9, 2009
|Dynamic sensitive test instrument
|Feb 21, 1986
|Aug 27, 1986
|Eldec Corporation
|Time-domain intensity normalization for fiber optic sensing
|Feb 21, 1986
|Nov 19, 1987
|Eldec Corporation
|Time-domain intensity normalization for fiber optic sensing
|Sep 28, 2005
|Jan 4, 2017
|The Commonwealth Of Australia
|Opto-acoustic pressure sensor
|Mar 26, 2010
|Feb 27, 2013
|Grammer Ag
|Recognition device and method for recognising the occupation of a seat
|Oct 24, 1983
|May 10, 1984
|Raychem Corp
|Optical fiber tap
|Apr 1, 1993
|Oct 14, 1993
|Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc.
|Apparatus for weighing and identifying characteristics of a moving vehicle
|U.S. Classification
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Attorney Randall Place has been representing investors in their securities related disputes for over 15 years. Mr. Place holds a Masters in Law Degree (L.L.M.) in Securities and Financial Regulation from Georgetown University. Mr. Place has extensive experience in the area of securities litigation and arbitration including numerous trials, mediations, and settlements of claims on behalf of clients. In addition to his law practice, Mr. Place has the unique perspective of having practical securities arbitration experience as a regulator formerly working for the National Association of Securities Dealers (NASD n/k/a FINRA). Additionally, Mr. Place worked at a large broker-dealer for many years and formerly held multiple securities licenses. Mr. Place also worked as a research analyst and travelled throughout the country conducting due diligence of mutual funds. Mr. Place also worked for an investment advisory firm. Mr. Place currently serves as an arbitrator and is a member of the Public Investors Arbitration Bar Association.
Academic Credentials
- L.L.M. from Georgetown University Law School in Securities and Financial Regulation
- J.D. from Thomas M. Cooley Law School
- Honors: Graduated Cum Laude
- B.B.A. Finance from Western Michigan University
Bar Admissions:
- Florida
- North Carolina
U.S. District Court of Appeals, Southern District of Florida
U.S. District Court of Appeals, Middle District of Florida
Professional Associations and Memberships:
- Public Investors Arbitration Bar Association


text:
Executive Bachelor BED SPACE Available in a Flat [ No Commission].
- Street: Fereej Abdul Azeez
- City: Doha
- State: Doha
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- Listed: July 27, 2016 2:49 am
- Expires: This ad has expired
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- Member Since: June 9, 2016
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- EXECUTIVE BACHELOR ACCOMMODATION available in a Flat


text:
Discussion in 'OT Technology' started by POScar, Jan 2, 2005.
is there any way to make sub albums? if not it sucks hardcore
no to subalbums unfortunately
Finder > Pictures > iPhoto Library > Albums > Then click the drop down cogwheel at the top of Finder: NEW FOLDER
whats iPhoto do?
right now, it's the equivalent of a shoebox for my digital photos. if i'd ever bother to put keywords with my photos, it'd really be handy.
you can also make slideshows, crop and e-mail a bunch of photos automagically and some other cool stuff.
when you plug in a digital camera, it fires up the program and asks if you want to import the photos.
it doesn't show up in iphoto as a subalbum
um, go figure, iPhoto won't recognize that...
iphoto could be so awesome if it allowed subalbums
that's what feature requests are for.
though it might not work as well with apple, there are several apps that i use or have used in the past that i submitted feature requests for things like this and the vast majority of them were added to the apps in as little as one day to as much as four months (bigger company, fewer updates).
Oh snap. I guess not. I never keep photos in iPhoto folders, so I guess I never needed a subfolder. That's stupid that iPhoto won't recognize folders created in finder.
Man this is kinda frustrating... how do I request a feature?
so you've made an album you want a sub folder within the album or do you just wnat more albums.
Albums are sub folders of the library images.
looks you aren't the first person to wonder why they don't allow for this yet...
I want to have all my stuff organized into like types then into more details. I have a ton of pictures
sounds like a perfect use for keywords
Nope, no subfolders. I can see a use of why other people might want them- but as for me; I don't really need them at all.
ask and it shall be given...
so are hierarchial folders available now? I cant do it and i'm using iPhoto 5.0.3 which is the newest version
Got it. Create a new folder then just drag folders from the source list and it will make it a subfolder
not sure. have to play around with it later. i have 5 on my work powerbook, but no photos in it yet.


text:
Team We So Nerdy is back again to share our favorite things of this past year. Check out our list and make sure to add a couple of these goodies to your life, too! … [Read more...]
PRODUCT REVIEW/GIVEAWAY: Shark Rocket Powerhead Vacuum—5 STARS
Looking for a powerful vacuum that doesn't feel like your lifting weights when using it, then the Shark Rocket Powerhead is the vacuum for you! … [Read more...]
REVIEW and GIVEAWAY: OwlCrate Subscription Box–4 STARS
4 star rating for the OwlCrate subscription box that truly brought "all the feels" with its April 2015 box. … [Read more...]


text:
Help others choose the best products...Write a review
|incl. VAT
|excl. VAT
Replacement Cartridge Xerox s Cyan color. It is designed for modern laser printers from this brand series Phaser 6500 and WorkCenter 6505 . Toner allows you to print up to 1,000 pages A4 at 5% coverage. It is original accessories, so wait a long life and high quality prints.
Azure blue
Designed for:
Xerox Phaser 6500
WorkCenter 6505
Up to 1,000 A4 pages
Specifications can be changed without notice. Images are for illustrative purposes only. Retail Price (MSRP) means the manufacturer's/supplier's suggested retail price.
Link to Manufacturer's Website: Enter link to the external review


text:
Westlake, OH (PressExposure) January 09, 2012 -- Mobile subscribers in the US must rush to grab this opportunity. PagePlus Wireless is offering an unlimited Talk n Text plan for just $44.95 a month! The plan offers unlimited domestic voice minutes, unlimited domestic text messages, and 20 Megabytes of data transfer. Once the plan is activated, it is renewed automatically every 30 days.
Talking about the plan, a senior PagePlus executive stated, "We come up with innovative plans to benefit our users. If you want an unlimited calling and text messaging plan for one low monthly price? Then Unlimited Talk n Text is right for you. There is no hidden fees, and once you are on the plan you can replenish your account and even set up automatic monthly refills right here on our website."
Subscribers can avail unlimited domestic voice minutes and text messages as well as 20 megabytes of data transfer. Standard rates apply for international text, international voice, roaming, picture messages, premium SMS and mobile web. Customers add an initial Unlimited Talk n Text card for coming onto the plan. Regular cards or Unlimited Talk n Text cards can be used for plan renewal once the customers subscribe to the plan.
The replenishment cycle for the plan is 120 days. For keeping the service active, subscribers must add airtime prior to the end-of-service date, which is 120 days from the last replenishment. Subscribers' failure to do so will result in a 30-day grace period, that will be followed by phone deactivation. The plan can be activated by requesting the dealer, login to the account on the company website or calling customer care service.
About PagePlus Wireless :
PagePlus Wireless is an authorized representative of PagePlus Cellular, a vendor of prepaid wireless services in the United States. The company offers prepaid unlimited cell phone plans that bring a range of benefits for the mobile service subscribers. For any query regarding the unlimited cell phone plans, customers can call Page Plus cellular customer service. Well trained customer care executives of the company assist the customers regarding the purchase of plans.
Contact Information :
PagePlus Wireless
Contact No. (888) 823-4777, (440) 899-2020
Fax: (440) 899-2024
Email: firstname.lastname@example.com
Website: http://www.pagepluswireless.com/


text: I have often thought how close photography is to poetry and have always appreciated how successfully elements of literature and prose can be illustrated by photography and is a good basis for a photographic or poetic project. I found this link that may be of interest. http://hooverpoet.com/archives/144 Do others have thoughts about this?


text:
Cascade Collision Repair - Lehi
Review for Cascade Collision Repair - Lehi
Melissa B. on 06/08/2013
Melissa said she was very satisfied. They did a really good job. She did not have any paint work done.
Category: Collision
Service Date: 05/24/2013
Review Created: 06/08/2013
This review was collected via phone interview by Customer Research Inc.


text:
Rain will end this afternoon
The rain is expected to clear for picnics this afternoon. We could have a few lingering showers but the weather should be clear for fireworks today.
Here Is the forecast from the National Weather Service:
Independence Day: A chance of showers, mainly before noon. Partly sunny, with a high near 75. North wind 8 to 17 mph. Chance of precipitation is 40%. New precipitation amounts of less than a tenth of an inch possible.
Tonight: Mostly clear, with a low around 54. Northwest wind 9 to 14 mph.
Saturday: Sunny, with a high near 80. Northwest wind around 8 mph.
Saturday Night: Mostly clear, with a low around 53. West wind 3 to 5 mph.
Sunday: Sunny, with a high near 83. Light southwest wind increasing to 5 to 10 mph in the morning.


text:
Basic Entrepreneurship Program
Centro's Basic Entrepreneurship Program mirrors our Business Planning App. The program is delivered in-person by a facilitator or business coach who complements the syllabus using Centro's signature Entrepreneurship Workbook.
- 27 hours of in-class training on basic business competencies
- Delivered using Centro's Business Planning App
- Led by a facilitator trained to enrich the class activities and foster critical thinking
- Gain basic knowledge of business concepts
- Create a basic business plan
- Work in a small group with other entrepreneurs
- Broaden your professional network
Basic REQUIREMENTS
- Display a genuine dedication to starting or growing a business
- Seek profit and provide social benefit to your community
Want to Apply?
If you are interested in joining the Basic Entrepreneurship Program, find a Centro Affiliate near you. They will follow up with the details of their admissions process and any additional requirements they may have.
If you have any questions, don't hesitate to contact Arturo Noriega at email@example.com.
Looking for an Advanced Program for Entrepreneurs?
Centro's Entrepreneur Readiness Program might be the right fit for you.


text:
|Property type
|Minimum Stay
|7 nights
2 48th Street, Ocean City, MD 21842
Vacation in Absolute Luxury!
Spend your next vacation at Gateway Grand 303, a stunning & spacious 3-BR, 3-BA, professionally decorated condo with beautiful, south-facing views of the ocean, beach, and even the Bay! Put your feet up and relax together amongst upscale furnishings and beachy decor, or step out onto the balcony to breathe in some of that ocean air. Guests will enjoy a huge, well-equipped kitchen with granite countertops, stainless steel appliances, and big breakfast bar island - great for entertaining. Living room and all bedrooms have TVs, and there is comfortable sleeping for 8 with no one having to sleep on a pull-out couch. Additional features include complimentary Wi-Fi access, full-size washer & dryer, 2-car parking, and owners' storage locker with beach & pool items (downstairs). Non-smoking. No pets, please.
Indoor/Outdoor Pools, Kids' Game Room, Fitness Center & More!
Gateway Grand (48th St.) is a luxurious Oceanfront community where you can have the best of both worlds: a quiet, mid-town setting, but with all of Ocean City's fun & excitement right at your fingertips. Building features first-class high-end amenities, such as resort-style Indoor/Outdoor Pools, Fitness Center, Kids' Game Room (X-BOX, Playstation, and board games), Private Parking Garage, and 24-hour security. Many great shops, activities & restaurants are also within a short walking distance, including Seacrets (1 block), Dumser's Dairyland, Odyssea Watersports, mini-golf & more!
This property is only available for a weekly rental with a Saturday check-in dates Please call and speak with a Vacation Coordinator.
PLEASE NOTE: Our properties do not allow group rentals to guests under the age of 25. Therefore, online bookings for group rentals will not be honored.
Building Registration Fee: $72 Non-Refundable Building Registration Fee for 2 car parking passes and a key fob for the pool and building access.
Building Amenities: 2-Car Private Parking, Indoor Pool, Outdoor Pool, Gym, Game Room, On-Site Security, Concierge, Free Wi-Fi access in Unit, Lobby & throughout Building
Bedrooms/Bed Sizes: Master - King, Bedroom #2 - Queen, Bedroom #3 - Pyramid Bunk with a Trundle, Living Room - Queen Sleep Sofa ***(This room is very bright if someone wishes to use the sleeper sofa)
Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of the images, descriptions and amenities shown above. Although they are deemed reliable, they cannot be guaranteed.
Perfect condo for family of 5, close to beach across from Secrets and close to everything you would need on a beach vacation; clean and efficient. The only negative is that the dryer was so slow it took hours to do laundry. I assume that would be a quick fix for the owners. Beyond that loved our stay here!
Many thanks to the owners of this property! This condo is gorgeous and well taken care on. The property is beautiful and well decorated. All of the necessary supplies were available. It is apparent that the appliances, dishes and even the towels were well placed. The owners of this condo did not go for the cheapest items, they went for what went best in the condo. They even provided extra pillows and blankets.
The owners left clear instructions on how to work the TV, which was very helpful. They even have a supply of board Games to play.
The property is perfectly located. The beach is clean and not too crowded. The indoor and outdoor pool are well maintained. My sons visited the game room which has an Xbox, Wii and PlayStation. All of which has games and controllers available.
The building is secure and I felt very safe.
I would highly recommend this property!


text:
Huntington Beach, CA (PressExposure) October 17, 2013 -- The songwriter and performer known as Riley has released his new flagship EP record, titled, "Who Am I?" The album is comprised of six original tracks written, performed, recorded and produced by Riley, himself (sometimes billed as Riley X) for an approximate total listening time of 30 minutes. The album has been released on the Maximus Records Limited music record label. A jazzy, bluesy album full of soul and groove, "Who Am I?" by Riley is one of the most intriguing and beautiful albums to be released this decade.
Riley himself is a citizen of the United Kingdom. He has been playing music for over 30 years in a wide variety of capacities. At nine years old he received his first guitar. He played the saxophone for five years, as well as the tenor horn and the baritone trombone at Wolverhampton's Heath Park School. By 13 he had entered into the serious study of music theory, particularly that of the jazz and classical genres. He would continue these studies in earnest for the next four years.
Later he gained a four-year employment with the Zip Theatre Company as a session player. He relates the experience as one of the most enjoyable of his life. From here he went to the Kuumba Arts Movements organization. Today, he plays in various modes for youth musical workshops, music therapy for the elderly, and young offender institutions. His performances include such disparate styles as classical and Bhangra.
He has played venues all over the world at scores of well respected venues. He has appeared on BBC programs such as the children's show, "Blue Peter," and the popular series, "Surprise, Surprise." He has acted as a music manager and has excellent abilities as a recording artist, producer, engineer and masterer as well.
"Who Am I?" by Riley is available online worldwide.
-S. McCauley
Staff Press Release Writer
The EP "Who Am I?" is distributed globally by MondoTunes (http://www.MondoTunes.com) and is available at iTunes for convenient purchase and download.


text:
Spread picks and scores for every NFL Week 4 game
As with every week, I'll be giving a primer of all Week 4's games, as well as highlighting the key matchups. I'll give you my picks and how confident I am in each, from a betting perspective. The confidence grade is on our patented -2 through +2 scale. Basically, if I give my prediction a positive grade, I feel good about the bet. If it's zero, I'm on the fence. And if it's negative, I really don't like the line either way. For the season, I'm 15-6 on positively graded picks, and 12-15 on all others.
Jets (-2) at Dolphins
I have picked the Jets to cover every week this year, and I'm not changing my ways just because of a bad loss to the Eagles. This defense is as stout as they come, and the Dolphins offense is a mess right now. Miami's Dallas Thomas and Jamil Douglas are ranked 68th and 69th amongst guards, and they have to deal with our top-rated 3-4 defensive end in Muhammad Wilkerson. The other matchups that makes me confident in the Jets are the 6-foot-3-inch Eric Decker and 6-foot-4-inch Brandon Marshall going against the 5-foot-10-inch Brent Grimes and 5-foot-9-inch Brice McCain.
Prediction: Jets 34, Dolphins 17
Confidence grade: +1.5
Jaguars at Colts (-9)
There are a ton of lines in the 5–10 range this week that really scare me. This is one of them, and for a big reason: the health of Andrew Luck's shoulder. If it's fully healthy, I think he builds upon the superb fourth quarter he had against Tennessee, and shreds the Jaguars' 25th-ranked coverage unit. If it's not healthy, it's really a toss-up between two evenly matched teams.
Prediction: Colts 30, Jaguars 24
Confidence Grade: -1.5
Giants at Bills (-5.5)
No teams have tried to even test the Bills on the ground this season, and I don't see the Giants bucking that trend. Opposing offenses have dropped back to pass a ridiculous 165 times in three games against Buffalo, and only the red-hot Tom Brady has come close to having some success. Eli Manning has been getting the ball out in a quick 2.2 seconds so far this season, but outside of Odell Beckham Jr., the results have been nothing special. Victor Cruz isn't back just yet, and the Giants desperately need him, with 11 drops through three weeks. I expect a heavy dose of Karlos Williams, and that's a good thing for the Bills
Prediction: Bills 27, Giants 17
Confidence Grade: 0
Panthers (-3) at Buccaneers
It's time to get to know Josh Norman. The Panthers fourth-year corner currently owns our second-highest coverage grade, and has a 38.8 passer rating against this year. At 6-foot, he should hold up just fine against the Buccaneers' taller receivers. On the other side, I expect Cam Newton to have his way with the Tampa Bay defense. They have our 15th-ranked coverage unit, but have yet to face a quarterback of Newton's caliber (with the exception one healthy half from Drew Brees). Beating the Bucs' zone schemes isn't as much about receiver talent as it is about quarterback talent, and Newton is playing some of the best football we've ever seen from him with a +4.9 season grade.
Prediction: Panthers 28, Buccaneers 21
Confidence Grade: +0.5
Eagles (-3) at Redskins
The Eagles picked up their first win against the Jets last week, although it wasn't because their offense figured out their woes. The fact is, the Eagles defense has been extremely stout after being dealt a difficult hand with all the quick possessions their offense has coughed up. They've been above league average in run defense and pass coverage, and at league average in pass rush. I also don't see Chip Kelly's offense suffering for too much longer, and with DeAngelo Hall out, I think they'll finally be able to win some one-on-one matchups.
Prediction: Eagles 25, Redskins 17
Confidence Grade: +0.5
Raiders (-3) at Bears
The Bears, despite their start, actually have a couple of big things going in their favor. The first is that they've played likely the top three teams in the NFC to start the season. The second, they hung with the Packers and Cardinals as long as Jay Cutler was in the game. If Alshon Jeffery and Cutler play, I anticipate they'll be able to take advantage of the Raiders 28th-ranked coverage unit. If not…let's not even get into what happened last week. On the other side, Derek Carr has put up some impressive stats, but he's still missing too many throws and his 72.4 accuracy percentage is 21st in the league.
Prediction: Bears 24, Raiders 21
Confidence Grade: 0
Texans at Falcons (-7)
This one hinges largely on the health of Arian Foster. If he's 100 percent, I anticipate they'll be able to finally move the ball regularly on the ground. If he's not, I expect more of the same. Foster has elite vision for a running back, while Alfred Blue has always been poor in that aspect. The best place to exploit the Falcons is through the air, but unfortunately that's been where the Texans have also been the worst. Ryan Mallett looked much improved against Tampa Bay, but he's still extremely inaccurate, with the third-worst accuracy percentage in the NFL. The Texans don't really have anyone in their secondary that can match up with Julio Jones (I'm not sure any team does, really) and I see the Falcons taking it big.
Prediction: Falcons 33, Texans 20
Confidence Grade: -0.5
Chiefs at Bengals (-4)
The Bengals, once again, look like a playoff team, while the Chiefs have little identity to hang their hat on. The return of cornerback Sean Smith should help beef up that defense, but it comes right as his replacement, Phillip Gaines, heads to the IR. The Chiefs' defense doesn't worry me as much as their offense. The Bengals defensive line, particularly Geno Atkins (+15.7) and Carlos Dunlap (+6.2), have been eating teams alive up front. I like the Bengals to keep rolling along in this one.
Prediction: Bengals 27, Chiefs 21
Confidence Grade: 0
Browns at Chargers (-7.5)
The Browns are not as hapless as this line suggests, and frankly, the most lopsided matchup of this game is in the Browns' favor. The Chargers defensive line has been swallowed up against the run this year, game in and game out. Cleveland's defensive line has as well, but the Chargers don't have the offensive line to take advantage of it as the Browns do. The surprising thing is that the Browns secondary has been completely exposed this year, after it was one of the best in the NFL in 2014. Newcomer Tramon Williams is the only starting corner or safety with a positive coverage grade. I think that's flukier than any serious sign of decline, and think the Browns will do more than hold up on the road.
Prediction: Browns 21, Chargers 17
Confidence Grade: +1
Packers (-9) at 49ers
The Packers have had well-documented struggles against the 49ers in recent memory, but the huge turnover from San Francisco this offseason may solve those woes. The most beneficial turnover for Green Bay comes in the 49ers coverage. Patrick Willis was superb in locking down the middle of the field in coverage, while Carlos Rogers, Tarell Brown and Chris Culliver were an excellent nickel package. This year, not a single 49ers' starter has a positive coverage grade. That's a problem against Aaron Rodgers. Nine points is a lot, but I don't see how they'll be able to slow down the Packers offense.
Prediction: Packers 35, 49ers 21
Confidence Grade: 0
Rams at Cardinals (-7)
The Cardinals have cracked the winning formula by passing and stopping the pass at an extremely high level. They are currently our third-ranked passing team and second-ranked pass defense. The good news for them is that the Rams haven't even been mediocre at either, and really a below average team outside of their utterly dominant defensive line. In past years, that would have been be a big issue for the Cardinals, but they have been much stouter on the offensive line in 2015.
Prediction: Cardinals 31, Rams 21
Confidence Grade: -.5
Vikings at Broncos (-7)
The Vikings offense has been a tad disappointing through three weeks of the season. Teddy Bridgewater has been hampered by the talent around him, but still hasn't shown as many signs of improvement in year two. That doesn't bode well as they face the NFL's hottest defense at the moment. The Broncos have our number one ranked coverage unit and are pressuring opposing quarterbacks on 50 percent of their dropbacks, an incredible figure. Von Miller against rookie right tackle T.J. Clemmings could be an absolute nightmare for the Vikings.
Prediction: Broncos 24, Vikings 13
Confidence Grade: -0.5
Cowboys at Saints (-4.5)
Brandon Weeden looked halfway decent in his first start of the year, grading at -1.0, but came away empty handed in the win column in Week 3. The Cowboys are easily the more talented team, outside of quarterback, as the Saints pass defense has graded out as the worst in the league. It really all comes down to the quarterback though. If Drew Brees is completely healthy, this line makes sense. I suspect he won't be, though, and after seeing him throw through a shoulder injury with disastrous results (-5.5 grade) against the Buccaneers in Week 2, I'll side with the Cowboys.
Prediction: Cowboys 20, Saints 17
Confidence Grade: -1
Lions at Seahawks (-9.5)
Matthew Stafford is broken. There is really no sugar-coating it. He has an assortment of some of the best weapons in the NFL, yet he can't find or hit open receivers consistently. The offensive line has been a huge issue, and currently has the lowest grade of any in the NFL. That doesn't excuse Stafford from blame, though, as he is also the lowest graded player at his position. The only reason I see this staying close is because of the fact that the Seahawks have serious offensive line problems of their own, but I don't see any way the Lions go into Seattle and take this one.
Prediction: Seahawks 21, Lions 14
Confidence Grade: -1
Season Record: 31-17 (27-21 ATS)


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Sociopolitical Dictionary by Marina Naprushkina and Irina Solomatina
Within the exhibition "The radius of zero. The ontology of the art zeroes" Marina Naprushkina and Irina Solomatina presented their Sociopolitical dictionary – a short guide book to social policy in modern Belarus
FEMEN and authorities: who beats who?
The story about FEMEN's arrival in Belarus on December, 19th may seem, to put it mildly, bizarre for a wingside spectator. For the majority of Belarusian citizens the understanding and discussing in social networks FEMEN's topless protests were mainly within the scope of "shame on women with boobs, shame of such a FREEDOM"


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Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra India (PressExposure) March 19, 2008 -- At present, the pharmaceutical prescription market to treat GI disorders market is valued at just over $20 billion, reflecting that it is one of the largest and most important therapeutic areas in the pharmaceutical industry. It has just produced a business intelligence report, Gastrointestinal Disorders 2007-2012, which addresses the state of this market, and assesses how it will develop in the future. Are you involved in this market area? Will the future of this market affect your business?
AstraZeneca's Nexium is currently the most successful GI drug available in the market, based on sales revenues totaling more than $6 billion. What is the future for Nexium? How will its impact shape the GI market? Will other GI drugs reach blockbuster status? If so, which ones?
Another example of change in the GI market is the withdrawal of Novartis's from the US market, due to safety and efficacy issues. What effects will this have on the other GI drugs? How will this affect the overall GI market? What does the future hold for Novartis and Zelnorm?
It's World Gastrointestinal Disorders report includes three major classes of product which It believes will extensively occupy the GI market. These are:
Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists Other Leading GI agents Which new drugs will be marketed? Which drugs will have the most impact on the market? Most importantly, what are the future prospects of the GI market?
For more information kindly visit: [http://www.bharatbook.com/detail.asp?id=46979]


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Listen to the men talk about steak, boobs and the pointlessness of paying $30 in a restaurant for a steak you grill yourelf. We decided our local liquor store needs to install a tasting room in the back kind of like Bottlecraft. Once we realized this wouldn't work, we came up with a much better idea: Drinkstarter.
After a sarcastic tweet from Butch's s/o we have to ask each other, do you drink more when your significant other is away. This leads into relationship talk, focusing mostly on Butch because that's more fun. Naturally this then leads into us discussing being the last analog generation. We end this part with discussions of how culture and what we find attractive in women has changed as we've grown up.


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Complaint Review: BuyLoud.com
- BuyLoud.com
San Francisco, California
- Phone:
- Web:
- Category: Audio & Electronic Retail Stores
BuyLoud.com gave a creditable reputation but are definetly in bussiness to rip you off fraudulent ripoff business San Francisco California
They said they were different because unlike any other site they were authorized retailers, so if I got my amp professionally installed then I would have the factory warranty which in my case was a three year warranty. So seeing all of these guarantees I purchased the amplifier in September and it took about three weeks to recieve it.
So I got the amp in the begining of October. I needed a speaker box so I didn't get it installed right away, so I waited for a couple of weeks. My father sufferd a stroke and past away, but on the day that this happened he had went and bought me a speaker box so I could get everything installed. I got the amp installed in the begining of November and at first the amp worked ok but after about a half of an hour or so the sound started shorting out.
I couldn't get back to get my system checked out until Christmas day, because i had it off. They checked my system and informed me that the amp was no good to take it back to where ever I got it from and bring it back and the would install it again.
I contacted the website that day and they never sent me anything. So I e-mailed them again and nothing. I kept mailing them and finally they e-mailed me back and told me that there department was under some kind of construction, and that they were sorry for the inconvenience and that they would contact me when they where through.
I still continued to e-mail them but nothing. It has been over 2 months now and now they're site doesn't even show up anymore, so they just ripped me off for $340.00. Now I am trying anything I can to get an address or anything so that I can get my money back or my amp fixed.
I appreciate any help that can be offered.
Winton, California
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This report was posted on Ripoff Report on 03/01/2003 02:40 AM and is a permanent record located here: http://www.ripoffreport.com/reports/buyloudcom/san-francisco-california/buyloudcom-gave-a-creditable-reputation-but-are-definetly-in-bussiness-to-rip-you-off-fra-47449. The posting time indicated is Arizona local time. Arizona does not observe daylight savings so the post time may be Mountain or Pacific depending on the time of year. Ripoff Report has an exclusive license to this report. It may not be copied without the written permission of Ripoff Report. READ: Foreign websites steal our content
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