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Bad Breath (Halitosis)
John P. Cunha, DO, FACOEP
John P. Cunha, DO, is a U.S. board-certified Emergency Medicine Physician. Dr. Cunha's educational background includes a BS in Biology from Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, and a DO from the Kansas City University of Medicine and Biosciences in Kansas City, MO. He completed residency training in Emergency Medicine at Newark Beth Israel Medical Center in Newark, New Jersey.
Jerry R. Balentine, DO, FACEP
Dr. Balentine received his undergraduate degree from McDaniel College in Westminster, Maryland. He attended medical school at the Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine graduating in1983. He completed his internship at St. Joseph's Hospital in Philadelphia and his Emergency Medicine residency at Lincoln Medical and Mental Health Center in the Bronx, where he served as chief resident.
- Bad breath (halitosis) facts
- What is the definition of bad breath?
- What are the causes and health risk factors of bad breath?
- What signs and symptoms may be associated with bad breath?
- When should someone see a health care professional about bad breath?
- What health care specialists treat halitosis?
- How do health care professionals diagnose halitosis?
- What are treatment options and home remedies for bad breath? What can be done to prevent bad breath?
- What products can be used to eliminate or mask bad breath?
- What is the prognosis for people with halitosis?
Bad breath (halitosis) facts
- Bad breath, or halitosis, is characterized by an unpleasant odor of the mouth.
- Causes of bad breath include food, tobacco products, poor dental hygiene, health problems, dry mouth, oral infections, dental problems, or medications.
- Symptoms of bad breath include unpleasant odor or taste in the mouth, dry mouth, or white coating on the tongue.
- Treatments for bad breath include proper dental hygiene, mouthwash, sugar-free gum, quitting smoking, and changing bad habits.
- Bad breath can usually be prevented by proper tooth brushing, quitting smoking, and avoiding foods that cause bad breath odors.
What is the definition of bad breath?
The definition of bad breath, or halitosis, is an unpleasant smell coming from the mouth. Halitosis can occur on occasion, or it can be a chronic condition. It may be caused by foods a person eats, poor oral hygiene, diseases, or other factors.
What are the causes and health risk factors of bad breath?
There are many risk factors and causes for halitosis, and even healthy people have bad breath on occasion. Some common causes of halitosis include the following:
- Food: Food is a primary source of bad odors that come from the mouth. Some foods, such as garlic, onions, spicy foods, exotic spices (such as curry), some cheeses, fish, and acidic beverages such as coffee can leave a lingering smell. Most of the time the odor is short lived. Other foods may get stuck in the teeth, promoting the growth of bacteria and dental plaques, which causes bad breath odor. Low carbohydrate diets may also cause "ketone breath." These diets cause the body to burn fat as its energy source. The end-product of making this energy is ketones, which cause a fruity acetone-like odor on the breath when exhaled. This fruity odor in a diabetic might indicate uncontrolled blood sugars.
- Tobacco products: Smoking and chewing tobacco can leave chemicals that remain in the mouth. Smoking can also precipitate other bad-breath causes such as gum disease or oral cancers.
- Poor oral health: When a person does not brush or floss his/her teeth regularly, food particles remaining in the mouth can rot and cause bad odors. Poor dental care can lead to a buildup of plaque in the mouth, which causes an odor of its own. Plaque buildup on the teeth can also lead to an unhealthy condition called periodontal (gum) disease. When plaque hardens, it is referred to as tartar (calculus). Tartar holds bacteria that can irritate the gums and lead to gum disease. The mild form of gum disease is called gingivitis; if gingivitis is not treated, it can advance to periodontitis.
- Health problems: Sinus infections, pneumonia, sore throat (pharyngitis) and other throat infections, the common cold, influenza (flu), tonsil stones (tonsilloliths), thrush, bronchitis, postnasal drip, diabetes, acid reflux (gastroesophageal reflux disease or GERD), lactose intolerance, other stomach or digestion problems, and some liver diseases or kidney diseases may be associated with bad breath.
- Dry mouth: Also called xerostomia, dry mouth can also cause bad breath. Saliva helps moisten and cleanse the mouth, and when the body does not product enough saliva, bad breath may result. Dry mouth may be caused by salivary gland problems, connective tissue disorders (Sjögren's syndrome), medications, or breathing through the mouth.
- Allergies: Many medications used to treat allergies can cause dry mouth, another cause of halitosis. In addition, post-nasal drip is a common allergy symptom that can result in bad breath. Sinus congestion due to allergies can also cause people to breathe from their mouths, causing dry mouth.
- Mouth infections: Cavities, gum disease, or impacted teeth may cause bad breath.
- Dentures or braces: Food particles not properly cleaned from appliances such as braces can rot or cause bacteria and odor. Loose-fitting dentures may cause sores or infections in the mouth, which can cause bad breath.
- Medications: Many medications, including antihistamines to treat allergies and diuretics, can cause dry mouth (see above), which can cause bad breath. Other medications that may lead to bad breath may include triamterene (Dyrenium) and paraldehyde.
- "Morning breath": Bad breath in the morning is very common. Saliva production nearly stops during sleep, allowing odor-causing bacteria to grow, causing bad breath.
- Pregnancy: Being pregnant in itself does not cause bad breath, but the nausea and morning sickness common during pregnancy may cause bad breath. In addition, hormonal changes, dehydration, and eating different foods due to cravings may also contribute to bad breath during pregnancy.
- Other causes of bad breath: Objects stuck in the nose (usually in children), alcoholism, and large doses of vitamin supplements may also cause bad breath.
WebMD Oral Health
Get tips for a healthy mouth.


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Meleuz, Russian Federation (PressExposure) November 29, 2009 -- You can download Ainvo Registry Defrag 188.8.131.524 for free already now!
Ainvo Group, a system software developer for Windows, announces that the new version of the Ainvo Registry Defrag program is released.
Unused and bad sections appear in the registry with time. It leads to errors and poorer system performance. Ainvo Registry Defrag will allow you to improve the Windows performance and stability due to registry defragmentation. The program is designed in the form of a convenient wizard so even inexperienced users can speed up their computers.
Ainvo Registry Defrag allows you to defragment all registry sections on all popular systems including new Windows 7 and 64-bit platforms. The dynamic defragmentation map is used to evaluate the condition of the registry. Defragmentation results are displayed in the form of a convenient and visual report. The program is now more stable because the defragmentation procedure is now started at the operating system startup.
The experience obtained in all previous versions has been taken into account in the new release, which makes Ainvo Registry Defrag yet more effective and comfortable.
The user interface of the program and the distributions package has been improved. Error logs have been enhanced. The bug causing an error in determining the space on the drive in case of nonstandard Windows settings has been fixed.

subset: commoncrawl


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- Mariana B.B. Machado, Maurício Mello de Alencar, +4 authors Luciana C.A. Regitano
- 2003
The objective of this work was to identify QTLs for liveweight in a candidate region of bovine chromosome 5. Half-sib families from two lines, one traditional and the other new, of Canchim beef cattle (5/8 Charolais + 3/8 Zebu) were genotyped for four microsatellite markers, including the microsatellite in the IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1) promoter… (More)
- Luiz G. Q. Silveira, Luiz R. Furlan, +8 authors Henrique Nunes de Oliveira
- 2008
The growth hormone 1 gene (GH1) is a candidate gene for body weight and weight gain in cattle since it plays a fundamental role in growth regulation. We investigated the GH1 gene AluI and DdeI restriction enzyme polymorphisms, located 149 bp apart in the cattle genome, as possible markers of the production potential of Canchim crossbreed cattle, a 5/8… (More)
- Pâmela Almeida Alexandre, Rodrigo Gomes, +7 authors H Fukumasu
- Meta gene
- 2014
The Nuclear receptor 1 family I member 3 (NR1I3), also known as the Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR), was initially characterized as a key regulator of xenobiotic metabolism. However, recent biochemical and structural data suggest that NR1I3 is activated in response to metabolic and nutritional stress in a ligand-independent manner. Thus, we… (More)
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3 and BT's Terminate the Rate campaign scored a massive coup today when Ofcom proposed cuts, which will effectively see rates cut down to zero in four years time.Ofcom has proposed a reduction on termination rates from around 4.3p per minute to 0.5p per minute by March 2015.The move will please 3 and BT, which currently lose revenues from the connection rates they have to pay to other providers. They have campaigned over the last year to cut the rates down to zero.However, Vodafone, Orange, T-Mobile and O2 will be unhappy about Ofcom's proposal, which for them will see a further cut in the revenues they make from the charges.Ofcom said the cuts will see 'consumers benefiting from cheaper calls and competition in both the UK fixed telecoms and mobile markets'.It added that the proposals will mean that both landline and mobile operators have more flexibility in designing competitive call packages, promoting competition for the benefit of consumers. Ofcom said: 'The UK mobile market has changed significantly since Ofcom last set termination rates in 2007. 'Today there are many smaller communications providers offering mobile services to consumers including mobile virtual network operators (MVNOs), voice over IP providers (VoIP) as well as the four mobile operators with national mobile networks (3UK, O2, Vodafone and the merged Orange/T-Mobile). 'This means that there is more choice for consumers in the mobile market than ever before.'The way that consumers use mobile devices has also changed. Today's consumers are as likely to send text messages or emails as make phone calls, and mobiles are increasingly used to connect to the internet.'According to Ofcom figures, the volume of data traffic over mobile networks has increased by 200% over the last year. For the four operators with national mobile networks, Ofcom has proposed a method for setting the rates from 2011 that only takes into account costs that are incurred directly from terminating calls, rather than additional so-called common costs.For other mobile communications providers that are able to set their own termination rate, such as smaller or new entrant operators, the rates will be set on a 'fair and reasonable' basis. Operators have until 23 June to respond to the consultation.
Mobile Industry Awards 2017 - B2B & Distribution Finalists
Mobile Industry Awards 2017 – Retail Finalists announced
Mobile Industry Awards 2017 - Best Ruggedised Device
Nazish Dossa Joins Brighstar as UK Managing Director.
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Huawei - 'Our 2017 focus is premium products'
Retail Special
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Brightstar 20:20 and HTC join forces
Meeting the challenge of in-building coverage


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Setup Day
April 29 @ 10:00 am - 2:00 pm
Event Navigation
Join us as we prepare for the start of the new Footloose sailing season!
Today we will be putting the boats back in the water and ensuring everything is prepared for next week's opening day!


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Inspiration Mars, the first private mission to the Red Planet, will likely be a monumental achievement for humanity — and poop will help make it possible.
The two-person crew aboard the ship, which will fly by Mars in 2018, will rely on a shield of water, food, and human waste to protect them from cosmic rays, reports New Scientist. Inspiration Mars was announced last week and is headed up by multimillionaire Dennis Tito, who also reportedly paid $20 million to be the first private space tourist in 2001.
More so than muscle atrophy or sheer boredom, cosmic radiation is the biggest issue the crew will face on the trip. The waste would be dehydrated (to reclaim precious water) and placed into bags alongside the ship's walls.
"It's a little queasy sounding, but there's no place for that material to go, and it makes great radiation shielding," Taber MacCallum, a member of the Inspiration Mars team, told New Scientist.
It may sound kind of gross, but this is the sort of ingenuity we need to keep pushing space travel forward. And in a strange way, it may be similar to the creative methods early humans used to travel the sea.
Initially, the ship could be lined with water, relying on the Water Wells project for long-term life support in space missions. Water is considered a better shielding material for space missions, since it contains more nuclei than metal (nuclei are what actually block cosmic radiation). The Water Wells design can also purify human waste into drinkable water.
Eventually, the bags full of water will be replaced with dehydrated waste throughout the ship. MacCallum wisely hopes the bags won't be clear.
The Inspiration Mars ship will also rely on its aluminum skin for radiation protection. Though when it comes to protecting from the burst of particles from solar storms, none of the current shielding suggestions will offer much help. The Inspiration Mars team says it could just point the ship's upper rocket towards the sun, protecting the astronauts below in the process, in case a major solar flare occurs.


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OP-769 15 October 1967
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Ordnance Pamphlet 769 dated 15 October 1967, reflects the configuration of the three 16-inch 50-caliber
turrets in USS New Jersey (BB62) at the scheduled completion
Four ships, the USS Iowa, USS New Jersey, USS Missouri and the USS Wisconsin comprise the IOWA class battleships . These ships have main batteries consisting of three 16-inch 3-gun turrets. Main battery ordnance of each ship comprises nine 16-inch 50-caliber turret-mounted guns which are chambered for bagged powder charges and are equipped with carrier-type breech mechanisms. The guns, which may be fired at the rate of two rounds per minute, have a maximum range of approximately 41,000 yards.
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Chapter 1 : In Which Cassie Turns Herself Into a Jelly Baby
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Dedicated to the amazing Cassie, who wanted this so much. Happy (early) Birthday!
The setting was the classroom 1B, or the Transfiguration classroom, on the ground floor of Hogwarts Castle, somewhere in Scotland, in the United Kingdom, in the Northern Hemisphere, the world, the universe, and so on and so forth. The weather outside was nice enough, at least by the standards of the students and teachers of Hogwarts - it was rare that they got a solid good day in mid-November, though more than a few of them desperately wished for one.
Cassandra Barrow or Cassie, as she preferred - was among those who were desperately wishing for the summer to roll around again. Cassie was even more desperate to be able to escape the stuffy classroom that belonged to McGonagall, and sit outside with the sun on her back. With a solemn look out the window, she turned her attention back to the Transfiguration professor or, at least, as much of her attention as she could possibly manage to give.
Cassie had only been at Hogwarts since September that year, yet she already found herself bored of all of her classes, something that had practically had her older sister, Sarah, in tears when Cassie had told her. Its probably needless to say, but Sarah, who was currently in her third year, enjoyed her classes a lot more. Then again, in third year students had the chance to pick up Care of Magical Creatures, Divination, or Muggle Studies, all of which sounded like amazing classes to Cassie; at least, compared to the ones she was forced to take.
Herbology was the only class she actually enjoyed. The plants they had studied so far were interesting and exotic, things that Cassie had never seen before, and so were able to capture her attention for much longer than mixing ingredients together or turning a match into a needle. Some might have found it impossible to believe that someone could be terrible at Potions, Transfiguration, and Charms, all at the same time, but those people had yet to meet Cassie. Shed already ruined her brand-new cauldron, lost a hedgehog before she even had the chance to change it into a water goblet, and used up more feathers trying to learn to levitate them than her entire class put together.
Cassie shook her head slightly, willing herself out of her daydream just in time for McGonagall to finish her lecture.
Now, today we will be turning mice into snuffboxes - please come and collect your mice from the front of the room.
A girl somewhere in front of Cassie groaned, and McGonagall shot her a sharp look. Touching a mouse for once in your life, Miss Hanson, will not kill you. Now hurry along. The girl sighed, pushing in front of Cassie to pull a mouse out by its tail and scrunch her nose up at it.
That old bat has lost it, making us touch rats! Theyre so disgusting. Her friends nodded in response, all pitching in their opinions which, of course, were all the same. Cassie watched with a frown, picking her own mouse up and heading back to her table at the back of the room. She placed the mouse on the table, hoping that it wouldnt disappear like the hedgehog had the previous week.
With a deep breath, she pointed her wand at the mouse and repeated the spell as clearly as she possibly could. Nothing. She tried again: Still nothing. She frowned, picking up the mouse and giving it a once-over to see if anything, even the tiniest detail, had changed. Everything looked the same.
Exasperated, Cassie let the mouse back onto her desk and practically threw her wand down with it; it bounced slightly. She barely got the time to realise what was happening before a bright yellow spark flew out of the end of her wand and hit her straight in the chest.
Miss Barrow! Professor McGonagall screeched from the other side of the classroom. Cassie blinked a few times in response as she watched the Transfiguration teacher run at her with incredible speed. What have you done to yourself? It was then that the rest of the class - made up of Hufflepuffs and Gryffindors, had noticed Cassies predicament. Some had started to laugh, while others whispered and sent apologetic looks towards Cassie, who was oblivious to what was going on.
How did you manage to Transfigure yourself with such a simple spell? McGonagall waved her wand crazily at the girl, but, like Cassies attempt with the mouse, nothing happened.
What do you mean, Transfigured? Professor, Im perfectly fine. This caused another outburst of giggles from the rest of the class. McGonagall turned around and silenced them with a single glance.
Miss Barrow, youve Transfigured yourself into a jelly baby!
It was hours later, and Cassie was sitting patiently - though she wasnt entirely sure jelly babies really could sit - when her parents finally arrived at St Mungos. Her sister Sarah has been pulled out of class straight after the incident; itd taken Sarah another hour before she could manage to look at Cassie without bursting into laughter. Unfortunately, when Cassie thought about walking away, she found that she couldnt move an inch, and this had only set Sarah off again.
My poor baby, her mother cooed as she finally caught sight of Cassie. She rushed to her side before awkwardly realising her child was, in fact, a jelly baby. She sent a nervous look at her husband before patting her daughter on the shoulder with a solemn look.
I told you that you were a powerful witch! her father responded with a fake grin. He chuckled slightly before sitting down next to Sarah.
Powerful doesnt usually include turning yourself into a jelly baby, Dad, Sarah cut back, raising her eyebrows at her father before turning back to Cassie and giggling again.
Sarah, be nice, their mother replied, fixing her eldest daughter with a sharp look. Besides, the Healers will be quick to Transfigure Cass back, and shell be as good as new.
And shell also be forever remembered as the first-year girl who turned herself into a red jelly baby, Sarah added with another giggle; her father sent her wink that was caught by her mother, and she sent them both fierce glares.
I wonder what flavour I am? Cassie asked out of blue, breaking the silence shed been in since arriving at St Mungos - silence from Cassie was a rarity in itself.
Sorry? her mother asked, as Sarah and her father burst into fresh laughter. Honestly, you two - shut up. This situation is very difficult for Cass, and we all should be supportive of her! she huffed, closing her grip on Cassies shoulder.
Darling, she turned herself into a jelly baby - shes not dying, their father responded with a calm look over at his wife. He leant around his two daughters and placed his head on her shoulder soothingly. Unless she eats herself, of course.
Matthew! their mother screamed shrilly, brushing off her husbands arm before standing up. She sent a disgusted look to him and Sarah, who was giggling again, before storming off down the corridor.
Well, were in a bit of a sticky situation, their father said, raising his eyebrows teasingly at his two daughters. Sarah laughed, while Cassie continued to stare blankly in return. Well, come on then, baby. Looks like we have some Healing to do.
Authors Note: Cassie, I hope you enjoyed this and that youll enjoy the other half of your present too! Thank you so much for letting me create and write about Cassie Barrow and all of her crazy adventures and for supporting me the entire way though. So thank you (and you Keziah) for being so amazing! Happy Birthday again Cass.
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"There are two things people want more than sex and money..
– recognition and praise."
–Mary Kay Ash
I'll start off by saying that Mary Kay Ash is one of my heroes. No, I am not a Mary Kay consultant, although I got my start in the Direct Sales Industry with her company, back in 1983, and have family that is still with her today! That says a lot about the two women in my family who stuck with her!
I ReTweeted a wonderful tweet the other day from a great though leader that read:
@GaryLoper RT "Try to tell at least 5 special people that they matter to support the #YouMatter movement! "
Of course I added my joyful reply and my day was made! I proceeded to secretly go around to 5 people I know and let them know that they are important to me.
The whole process took a little time, because I made a card for one, had a phone conversation with another, and wrote messages to the other 3. I did not do anything outwardly sappy, but I let these people know that they are making a difference that impacts my life and the world.
Have you ever thought about the basic human need that we all have to be recognized and acknowledged? Jeffrey Combs says "Babies cry for it and men die for it". It is really true. A little baby will cry in their bassinet for 15 minutes until mom or dad picks her or him up to love, change or feed them. Sometimes it's not even that a need is there to be met, but that of LOVE. It starts there. [click to continue…]
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How To Get More Exercise
November 4, 2011 by staff
How To Get More Exercise, The rate of obesity worldwide. Coincidentally, so is the pressure to look and feel good. Here is a basic guide to get some extra daily exercise and kill time. 1Clean home. This kills two birds with one stone. The house will look fabulous, and you too.
2Double stairs. An old, but a treat. If you work on the floor 31, down two or three floors below and walk it. Ideal for stretching your legs if you're locked in an office all day.3Walk to work / school. On the other hand, if you catch public transport, get off a few stops earlier and thumpin walk.4Put on some songs and dance around. Will not even realize that you're exercising! 5Take a team sport. Another Oldie. Meet new people and get exercise.6Go out of comfort zone. Try something new that just might enjoy.7Get some friends in the fun! Take a walk, change your everyday.8Play way with children. They will keep playing until satisfied, or until do.9When use the computer for long periods, stretch tight muscles and different and hold for 5-6 seconds. Good for abs.10Walk the dog / cat / ferret. Two birds again … The pet happy, and you exercise.11Play with older children. Have some fun from the old school with a jump rope, for example, or kick a ball around.12Go to extremes and buy a gym membership.13If can not go to a gym, going to the park with the kids or some friends and make your own obstacle course, around trees and walk on the equipment.14When, if near a road, a car game with different color. for example. Blue-do 2 jumps star, yellow, jump 10 times, red-do 2 jumps abdomen, white star-jump and a leap of abdomen. Make your own.15Make a game of things. The games are fun, cleanliness is not.16When to washing, walking around the clothing line, instead of swinging around it.
Please feel free to send if you have any questions regarding this post , you can contact on
Disclaimer: The views expressed on this site are that of the authors and not necessarily that of U.S.S.POST.


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Fiskerton were the visitors to GLA for the second Newark Alliance game of the season.
Having won the toss, Darren Wright had little hesitation in batting first. The score limped along to 13 from 10 overs and then wickets fell in a hurry. At 42-6 all seemed lost, but Captain Daz lead the rearguard action with a hard hit 69. He received fantastic support from Jake Lowe who played probably his finest innings for the Club, belying his tender years, putting on over a hundred with Daz for the seventh wicket. As the final over of the innings was bowled, Jake reached a well deserved half century as Calverton posted a satisfactory 189-7.
Fiskerton's reply was strange to say the least. Ten of the batsman didn't get into double figures, the remaining one (the opener), scored a century! Calverton used nine bowlers and the wickets were shared around as Fiskerton were dismissed 38 runs short of the target.
MOM Jake Lowe - Great knock.


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ATLANTA – The opposite of a mean Tweet. That was the goal of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta when they put together a Thanksgiving video.
They had employees read aloud posts written about them on Facebook. In the video, each person is handed a phone and asked to read what's on it, without knowing it's about them.
One man is thanked for his four-year friendship with a young boy who passed away. A woman is thanked by a former patient for helping her learn to walk again with prosthetics. A doctor is thanked by a mother who lost her child. Another woman is told that her service dog Izzy was the bright spot in her daughter's time in the hospital.
Be radical. Be kind. Happy Thanksgiving.


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In honor of the 2015 Advent theme—How the Light Gets In—we will be creating hundreds of paper luminarias to display in our sanctuary over the four weeks of Advent. Our hope is that over these four weeks our sanctuary will be filled with more and more light culminating on Christmas Eve as we celebrate God's light coming to earth through the birth of Jesus Christ.
Here are three ways you can construct your luminaria:
Making your luminaria
1. Use Advent-themed cut out
There are custom-made stencils available for you to use. Trace and cut out the scene on your bag.
2. Fill in the blank
To symbolize Christ's light shining on, showing, and shaping areas of darkness and brokenness in our lives, you may complete this fill in the blank phrase on your bag filling a place, person, or thing you'd like Christ's light to shine upon:
"I want Christ's light to shine on ____________________________________."
"I want Christ's light to show ____________________________________."
"I want Christ's light to shape ____________________________________."
For example: "I want Christ's light to shine on refugees across the world seeking safety for themselves and their families." or "I want Christ's light to show me how I can love my enemies."
3. Create your own design!
Be creative! How do you want to visually represent How the Light Gets In? We have plenty of supplies for you to create a design that is most meaningful to you.
Once you have finished your luminaria, bring them to the office to be placed in the sanctuary for worship on the following Sunday.
Final notes
- You can—and are encouraged—to make as many luminarias as you wish!
- You can make your luminarias at CtK on Sundays and Wednesday or you may bring luminaria bags home with you to make when you have time.
- If you choose to make your luminarias at home, only bring bags home with you. Leave other supplies here as they are used by different ministries throughout the week.


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Dear yesterday, I love you! ...When @hiballenergy & @bigtruckbrand host a team shred day, the smiles can be seen for miles!!! Much gratitude to both @galengiff (#BigTruckBrand) and @toddberardi of (#HiBallEnergy) for lining up such a rad day of...


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ITV has released new story hints for this year's Birds of a Feather Christmas special.
The sitcom, which originally ran for nine seasons between 1989 and 1998 on BBC One, was revived by ITV in January 2014 and became ITV's most successful comedy launch in over a decade.
Buy the complete original series box set on Amazon here.
Pauline Quirke, Linda Robson and Lesley Joseph are back as Sharon Theodopolopodous, Tracey Stubbs and Dorien Green for a one-off 60-minute festive episode, with Martin Kemp returning as Dorien's love interest.
The special will air at 8pm on Saturday 24 December on ITV and sees the girls embark on an adventure to Tangier, Morocco to search for Tracey's missing son, Travis.
The official synopsis reads: "Travis has finally been allowed to fly the nest on a gap year…to Spain. However, nobody has heard from Travis in four days and he was last seen getting on a ferry to Morocco with his girlfriend. Tracey is convinced something terrible has happened to him. She's on the next flight and Sharon, not one to pass up on the chance of a holiday, insists she's going with her. Dorien invites herself along as it's a great opportunity to get material for her saucy new book.
"On arriving in Tangier, the Birds end up in Dicks Bar run by Vince (Martin Kemp) Dorien's romantic interest at Darryl's funeral. Vince reviews the bar's CCTV footage to see Travis being arrested in a police raid. Tracey heads to the police station with British Consul Rupert Julian-Jones (Robert Portal) in tow. Travis explains that the police are convinced he's involved with a gang operation to smuggle a load of antiquities out of Morocco, but Travis swears he hasn't got a clue what they're talking about.
"Meanwhile, Garth is home alone in Chigwell, but soon he's facing an inquisitive and slightly sinister Insurance assessor, who is determined to find out the truth behind Sharon's latest attempt to get something for nothing – a compensation fraud. Garth hatches a plan to see him off once and for all with the help of a face from the past.
"Back in Tangier, a further mishap ensues with the Birds getting kidnapped by some unsavoury types. Suddenly Rupert appears to save the day and tells Tracey that their kidnapping proves that the gang believe Travis knows a lot more than he's letting on. Dorien suspects Rupert staged the kidnap to gain their trust. The Birds drive off without him but they run out of petrol in the middle of the desert. Dorien's not prepared to sit around doing nothing, so she heads off into the desert for help.
"Sharon and Tracey spend a fitful night in the desert and out of the shimmering heat haze they see someone approaching on a camel – it's Dorien doing an Omar Sharif. Turns out there's a Holiday Inn just over the next sand dune but Dorien got distracted by a charming man and cocktails.
"After more run ins with Rupert, the Birds find themselves trapped in Morocco with a dodgy gang after them – how will they escape? And will they get back to Chigwell in time for Christmas?"
Are you looking forward to the Christmas special? Let us know below…


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MotorStorm Apocalypse: Madness, but a lot of fun
Each MotorStorm title is centered on a racing festival of ragtag, foul-mouthed drivers. The vehicles include muscle cars, superbike-style motorcycles and enormous trucks that can plow over the competition.
This time, the festival is held at an unnamed West Coast city that is a dead ringer for San Francisco. The landscape is littered with debris and the crumbled corners of Victorian homes, which have been shaken to their foundation by massive earthquakes, many of which occur during the final lap in the races.
The various levels don't matter much as far as the actual in-game driving experience. It's all very pedal-to-the-metal for pretty much the entire length of each race. We're not saying the courses are easy, but players can speed through most sections without braking.
The graphic details are impressive, especially the scenes that involve water. When we drove through a torrent of water from a broken fire hydrant, we had to endure a few seconds of blurred vision until it cleared off our windshield.
To make matters more complicated, there's a squad of security in helicopters trying to rid the city of race drivers by launching rockets at them. It's madness and, despite being a bit easy once you get the hang of the steering physics, it's also a lot of fun.
RATING T for Teen
PLOT Race through a crumbling city
DETAILS PlayStation 3, $60
BOTTOM LINE A rough but fun ride


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Shoaib Malik credits wife Sania Mirza for comeback ton
Karachi: Hitting a patient century on his Test comeback, former Pakistan captain Shoaib Malik yesterday credited his wife Sania Mirza for his success in international cricket since his recall to the national side this year. Making his first Test appearance since August 2010, Malik remained unbeaten on 124 at the end of the opening day's play in the first match against England in Abu Dhabi.
Also Read: Comeback man Shoaib Malik leads Pakistan charge on Day One
Shoaib Malik with wife Sania Mirza. Pic/AFP
The all-rounder said he had learnt a lot from his tennis star wife. "Sania has proved to be a inspiration for me in many ways even as a sportsman. After watching her win titles even after battling with fitness issues I was also inspired to match her feats as a professional sportsman,"
Meanwhile check out: Sania Mirza's special biryani treat for SRK and the 'Dilwale' team
'Healthy competition'
Malik added: "It is a healthy competition between husband and wife who are professional athletes. I credit my wife for my change in approach to training and my recent success and new international career," he said.
He added: "I think there was pressure on me to also perform as a professional sportsman after Sania's outstanding success in recent times," Malik told a channel. "We speak to each other every day and now I have become used to congratulating her on her titles and she on my success," Malik said.


text: Imperium (Daniel Ragussis, 2016). The renaissance of Daniel Radcliffe (Swiss Army Man, Kill Your Darlings) seemed more myth than reality until his surprisingly strong showing in this unexpectedly topical undercover Nazi thriller. Radcliffe is a dweebish FBI agent turned shaven-headed Aryan warrior (he looks like a pocket-edition Henry Rollins) infiltrating neo-Nazi gangs who have – you will never believe this – been radicalised by a smarmy, conspiracy theory-peddling radio host.


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The Nigerian army: Are they responsible for the Nigeria's present economic crisis?
By ERIC ONYEBUCHI
Since the first coup of 1966 occur , Nigeria government tagged it that it was coup carried out by Igbo (old Eastern region) without knowing that the government is lying to the public and the entire world base on the Hausa/Fulani ( Northern Region) and British people ( colonial masters) decided to deceive people , so that the entire world will not denote their evil act on Igbo. ( old Eastern region )
This was planned in order to deny the old Eastern from having access to full government activities because the colonial masters look at the Eastern as wise people that will not allow them to sail their corruption to Nigeria.
The white men look at Igbo as people that are naturally gifted to hard working both in the brain and natural power, therefore, they decided to amalgamate Hausa, Yoruba, and Igbo so that they can extract the mineral resource from Eastern region for their own development of their areas.
The amalgamation of Nigeria took place 1914 when Lord guard's amalgamation of Nigeria for the benefit of the British ( the white ) before amalgamation there was coal discovered in Enugu old Eastern region which is the main aim of amalgamation before discovering of crude oil also in the old Eastern region?
The colonial master used Hausa to destabilize Nigeria because they know that Hausa are easier to control and have milked brain through giving power to Hausa the Northern region in 1960 because they can easily use them to work against the Igbo and also penetrate Africa.
The 1966 coup was carried out by entire Nigeria people, not Igbo the Eastern region alone but the Hausa/Fulani via the help the colonial master ( the white ) team up and said the coup was carried out by Igbo the old Eastern region alone in order for the people not to know the truth so that Hause people will be in government for many generation unborn and Africa both others will look at Igbo as treat to them.
Also, it is secret behind the Nigeria – Biafra civil war which the British wanted to wipe Igbo the Eastern region away but man is not God. This is the list of names of those behind the coup so that you found out whether it was Igbo affair or not. They are as follow Let the truth be told. The People involved in that so-called 1966 "Igbo coup" were:
Major Chukwuma Kaduna Nzeogwu (South South Region Igbo) Niger Delta.
2. Major Adewale Ademoyega (Western Region – Yoruba), author of "Why we struck"
3. Capt. G. Adeleke (Western Region – Yoruba).4. Maj. Ifeajuna (South South Region – Igbo)
5. Lt. Fola Oyewole (Western Region – Yoruba), author of "The reluctant rebel".
6. Lt. R. Egbiko (South South Region – Ishan).
7. Lt. Tijani Katsina (Northern Region – Hausa/Fulani).
8. Lt. O. Olafemiyan (Western Region – Yoruba).
9. Capt. Gibson Jalo (Northern Region – Bachama).
- 10. Capt. Swanton (Northern Region – Middle Belt).
11. Lt. Hope Harris Eghagha (South South – Urhobo)
12. Lt. Dag Warribor (South South – Ijaw)
13. 2nd Lt. Saleh Dambo (Northern Nigeria -Hausa)
14.2nd Lt. John Atom Kpera (Northern Nigeria-Tiv).
The reason for calling the 1966 Coup an Igbo exercise is because subsequent governments of Nigeria have refused to teach Nigerian History in our schools. And the core North have been busy misinforming Nigerians that the 1966 coup was an Igbo coup. Yoruba – Igbo fact sheet. This article has no tribal sentiments. Please add your own facts if you have any. History will always tell us what happened.
1. Azikiwe defeated Awolowo to become the first Nigerian Premier of Western Nigeria (present Southwest plus Edo and the Delta States). Awolowo instead of forming Opposition rather formed Egbe Omo Yoruba and used it to intimidate Yorubas that won the election on NCNC platform to cross carpet and join him against Azikiwe. This was the first parliamentary coup in Nigeria.
2. Awolowo from then on started indoctrination of Yorubas against the "threat of Igbo domination". That is how the incurable seed of fear of the Igbos was shown in the psyche of Yorubas which Yorubas later sold to other groups through Yoruba control of the media for decades.
3. Alhaji Tafawa Balewa , Nigeria 's first Prime minister could not tolerate Awolowo's treacherous and inordinate ambition of acquiring political power by all means and at any cost. So, he threw Awolowo into prison for treason.
4. Samuel Ladoke Akintola who replaced Awolowo as Premier of Western Nigeria tried to destroy Awolowo's political grip on Yorubaland by forming a party to take over Western Nigeria in alliance with the Hausa-Fulani oligarchy who Awolowo despised as a backward race.
Consequently, Yorubaland went ablaze in revolt against Akintola's plot. Law and order completely broke down in Western Nigeria. Wole Soyinka wore a mask and forced announcers at Western Nigeria Broadcasting Corporation to declare that Akintola's government was a fraud.
5. Yet, Tafawa Balewa refused to declare a state of emergency in Western Nigeria in order to keep Akintola as a proxy for Hausa-Fulani interest. This was the MAIN reason Yoruba graduates in the Army were the brains behind the coup d'état led by Chukwuma Nzeogwu who happened to be Igbo.
6. As Wole Soyinka and even Obasanjo acknowledged, Nzeogwu 's coup was widely accepted by a vast majority of Nigerians across regional, religious and ethnic divides.
7. But the dissatisfied Hausa-Fulani oligarchy who had the majority in Nigerian Army infantry used their puppets, Yakubu Gowon, Theophilus Danjuma and co to overthrow General Ironsi.
8. In order to win the support of Yorubas, Gowon released Awolowo from prison. The Hausa-Fulani knew Awolowo's fear of Igbo as the only group that stood against his ambition to power. Gowon therefore quickly made a deal with Awolowo which in effect was that power would rotate between the North and the West (Hausa-Fulani and Yoruba) in post-war
9. Nigeria if Awolowo convinced Yorubas to join the North in fighting Igbos.
11. The Nigerian Army was consequently split into two divisions: the northern sector division commanded by Hausa-Fulani and the southern sector division, commanded by Yorubas.
12. Lagos, a city built largely by Igbos and were Igbos invested heavily, was also ceded to Yorubas as a State even when there was no Abuja at the time (1967).
13. Awolowo was made Vice Chairman of Federal Executive Council and Finance Minister. All federal government owned banks in Nigeria at the time which included the Central Bank and First Bank, were under Awolowo and Yoruba management. It was a deal Awolowo could not resist. The man was an unscrupulous Machiavellian anyway.
14. The Igbos were eventually defeated and Yorubas became champions of nationalism.
15. Awolowo tried to make sure no Igbo man or woman would ever be more than a financial destitute let alone have the financial resources to rival a Yoruba
16. To achieve his objective of permanent Yoruba supremacy, Awolowo insisted that every bank account owned by an Igbo, regardless of how much was in it before the declaration of Biafra, would only be replaced with twenty pounds!
He instructed Yoruba Permanent Secretaries who took over the Federal Civil service when Igbos left, to make sure that Igbo senior civil servants were not reinstated but to rather retire those who could not be dismissed as rebels. The same policy obtained in the Armed Forces of Nigeria and Police .
17. The Igbo were not only made pariahs but also financial destitute.
18. Every house and industry in Igbo cities were destroyed by war. Schools were closed for 3 years and many were razed to the ground.
19. Awolowo masterminded the indigenization policy by which Yorubas bought over all foreign companies in Nigeria using money readily made available to them by the banks under their control. The Igbos were excluded.
20. They rejoiced and relaxed and complaisantly asked: "How could Igbos ever rear their ugly heads up again"? Sure, if that had happened to Yorubas or any other ethnic group, that would be their end. But as Awolowo rightly feared, we happen to be Ndi Igbo.
21. The shooting war ended 45 years ago and we are still here. We have survived all policy shenanigans contrapted by treacherous Yorubamasterminds and executed by their Hausa-Fulani allies.
22. In frustration, they have realized that we are who we are. Imagine their frustration! Never mind all Yoruba masterminded psychological attacks on Igbos disparaging us in any way they could.
23. Yes, Federal government policy has made them the tycoons of oil and gas, telecommunications, insurance and manufacturing. Oh, their Hausa-Fulani cum military allies gave Nigeria to Obasanjo for 8 years in keeping faith with their alliance.
24. Bola Tinubu is struggling for Awolowo mantle by forming an alliance of the- religious jingoistic to ensure power keeps rotating between Yoruba and Hausa-Fulani. So where is the position of the Igbo and other tribes in Nigeria? What is your sincere opinion? Now update Igbo are not allowed into top rank office in Nigeria army forces , police, air force, custom, immigration and many others .
Nigeria is corrupt from the foundation and cannot give birth to sincerity in Africa. It is good for the best to be the best, stop corruption it is an incurable disease. Africa must rise and say no to any form of corruption.


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How unfortunate! Rodney King is dead at just 47 years old. The man police brutalized resulting in the 1991 LA riots, was discovered laying lifeless at the bottom of swimming pool Sunday morning.
Police in Rialto, California, received a 911 call from King's fiancee, Cynthia Kelly, approximately 5:25 a.m. Kelly says she heard him in the rear of the yard and went to investigate. When officers arrived they found King at the bottom of the pool, removed him and attempted to revive his body. He was subsequently pronounced dead at a local hospital.
At this time there seems to be no foul play but police are currently conducting an investigation.
Rodney King's 1991 Police Brutality Video
What makes this story even more tragic, King whose a father to three children died today (Father's Day).
It's now secret King has long battled a substance abuse addiction. He also appeared on season two of VH1's 'Celebrity Rehab' back in 2008. We hope he has finally found the peace he's long for. R.I.P Rodney.
(Photo: Zimbio: Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images) Source: CNN