text:
|Publication number
|Publication type
|Application number
|Publication date
|Jun 22, 1982
|Filing date
|May 10, 1979
|Priority date
|May 10, 1979
|Publication number
|Harold J. Weber
|Original Assignee
|Weber Harold J
|Export Citation
|BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan
|Patent Citations (7), Referenced by (54), Classifications (8)
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet
The invention describes a two terminal timed switch which, in one form, can provide a ready replacement or substitute for the ordinary electric wall switch as used by the building trades. The use of a timed switch can save much energy through the effectual shut-off of forgotten switches, or the delayed turn-off or turn-on of hallway lights, garage lights, and the like.
Switches providing time delayed action are known which use thermal elements, mechanical motors, pneumatic devices, and the like which connect only in one side of a load circuit. Electric timed switches are also known which couple in but one side of a load circuit, drawing power for the operation thereof through the load even when the load circuit provided by the timed switch is in the "off" state. This invention describes a significant improvement in that all-electronic timing and control circuit elements are employed which afford better reliability, excellent precision, environmental resistance, and low-cost manufacture, while drawing no current through the load when in the "off" state. Known electronic timing elements can be had which require connection to both sides of the electric circuit, i.e. three terminal: input, output, and common. In-so-far as is known, this invention teaches the first truely two terminal electronic timer, i.e. input and output only, no common required; and which draw no current through the load for the sustained operation thereof when the load is in the timed "off" state. The advantage of this is that no hazardous electric potential is present at the load during the off state in the new invention, whereas the substantial finite current in the earlier timers during the "off" state can induce injury into a workman or other unsuspecting user when servicing a circuit containing one of the earlier class of electronic timers. The advantage afforded by this is that of safe installation, especially in old construction. This is beneficially significant for the acceptance of the invention by building inspectors and other safety experts or the like as a widely applicable energy saving device because the most ordinary S.P.S.T. wall switch, popular for the control of lights and the like in homes as well as business, requires but two wires for satisfactory operation. As a result and for the sake of economy, usual trade practice is to run a single length of so-called Romex, or two wire type NM cable, between a light fixture and a wall mounted toggle switch. This practice of course affords no third wire option, e.g. common, at the switch location therefore limiting the choice of a timed switch to that of one of the two-terminal mechanical varieties prior to my invention if a safe state of no current flow was required during the load timed "off" state. This teaching unfolds a vast improvement for this class of application, as now the better performing electronic timing techniques can be practically used with but a two terminal connection. This is accomplished by deriving the functional electric voltage values required for satisfactory semiconductor circuit operation by way of utilizing the current flow between the source and the load, through but one circuit leg, to produce the necessary functional voltage values. The invention is further described to usually provide a delayed-off function. Remote control and over-ride circuit modes are depicted, giving good exhibit of the flexability of the invention's essence. Time delays from that of but a few seconds to that of hours, days, or even longer can be provided by variant implementations of the instant teachings. The absolute precision of the delay, while not usually of great import in building related applications, is inherent in that some part of the delay cycle is derived from a constant frequency source. This means of time determination does provide more reliable and predictable service, particularly in seldomly actuated applications and for use in environmentally hostile locations.
Eight sheets of drawings providing seventeen figures exhibit the teachings of this invention as:
FIG. 1 Functional diagram showing the interrelationship of the several essential elements comprising the timed switch.
FIG. 2 Wiring diagram showing the timed switch as a replacement for an ordinary wall switch or the like.
FIG. 3 Circuit diagram for one embodiment of the teaching providing a delayed OFF function after the circuit is turned on and having binary time increments.
FIG. 4 Waveform representations for the circuit described in FIG. 3.
FIg. 5 Circuit diagram for one embodiment of the teaching providing a delayed OFF function after the circuit is turned on and further showing decimal time increments and a solid state d.c. power supply.
FIG. 6A Hookup showing the use of a remote OFF control station for the switch.
FIG. 6B Hookup variation for FIG. 6A showing plural control stations.
FIG. 7 Hookup showing the use of remote ON control stations for the switch.
FIG. 8A Hookup showing the use of remote ON and OFF control stations for the switch.
FIG. 8B Hookup variation for FIG. 8A showing but a single control station.
FIG. 9 Circuit diagram for one embodiment of the teaching providing a delayed ON function after circuit energization and further showing a local time base clock source.
FIG. 10 Waveform representations for the circuit described in FIG. 9.
FIG. 11 Functional diagram showing the interrelationship of the several essential elements forming a combination of an analog timing element with the invention essence.
FIG. 12 Circuit detail operative with FIG. 5 to combine incremental analog delay with the step selected digital delay.
FIG. 13 Circuit detail operative with FIG. 9 so as to provide light activated control of the timer, as by daylight.
FIG. 14 Circuit detail operative with FIG. 5 so as to provide light activated control of the timer, as by daylight.
FIG. 15 Circuit detail operative with FIG. 5 so as to provide indirect magnetic field influence control of the switching function while retaining minimum current flow through the switch element.
The gist of the two-terminal timer is taught in FIG. 1. The expression two-terminal timer refers to an electrical control device which operates to act upon an electrical circuit after some finite time period has elapsed, and furthermore wherein such operation takes effect in only one side of a power circuit and derives power therefrom only when the said load timed state is "on". Usually the timer is installed in the HOT side of a circuit, and therefore no common or return is needed. This is of course basis for considerable improvement over any other known timer device employing electronic timing techniques, as the usual electronic timer requires the common, or neutral, for proper operation, or else draws substantial current via way of the load even when in the load timed "off" state if of the earlier "two wire" variety. The value in this is to be found in particular in the use of my invention in old construction, e.g. pre-existing buildings and the like, where no common or neutral may be available at the preferred timer switch location. This comes about because it is usual practice to simply run two wires to the usual wall toggle switch, etc. in commercial building practice, so as to save on wire cost and to some extent, labor. FIG. 1 shows a two terminal connection in that the timer 1 is connected to the hot side L2 of the line, whereas the common L1 side goes directly to the load 2 and therefore has no direct connection with the timer device. The artisian will quickly recognize that as a common and typical wiring installation in houses, stores, and other building types. No load current will flow until the switch 3 is briefly closed, whereupon current will flow from input terminal L2 to the load 2 via terminal L3. The current flow so produced will pass also through the input of a current energized power supply 4, exampled as the primary of a current transformer or the like. The result is that a d.c. value +E, -E will be produced which will serve to power the other circuit means which comprise the timer, in particular the timing signal source 5, the timing period gate 6, and the switch control driver 7. In addition, a brief reset signal will be produced by the reset function 9 which serves to initialize at least the timing signal source 5. The switch control driver 7 will immediately produce a switch drive signal which will effectively close switch 8, thereby serving to maintain circuit current flow from the primary source to the load even when the switch 3 once again opens. The timing signal source 5 will proceed to produce a delayed signal component which will act upon the period timing gate 6 after some time has elapsed as predetermined by the timing signal source 5. When the time period is up, the timing period gate 6 produces a signal which will act upon the switch control driver 7 in such a way as to negate the holding action produced in the switch device 8. Thus current flow to the load 2 via line L3 will cease. In a typical form for my invention, a brief closure of but a fraction of a second for switch 3 as produced for example by finger depression of a momentary contact switch 3 arrangement will serve to initiate the aforesaid circuit action. The time period which ensues, while usually pre-established as a particular value or range of values, will in the typical timer produce a timing period which lasts at least several minutes. The artisian will of course realize that my invention finds application for any imaginable time period from merely a few seconds or less to that of hours, days, or even longer. Furthermore the load 2, while shown as a lamp load, may of course be any sort of electrically driven load as for example, a heating device, motor, transformer, or the like.
The hookup of my novel timer as the replacement for a regular switch is shown in FIG. 2. The leads 10A from the usual terminals 12, 13 on a lighting device 2A or the like are transferred from the removed regular switch 14, e.g. the common wall toggle switch or such, leads 10B and instead connect to the new TIMED SWITCH 1 input L2 and output L3. Common line L1 connects to the light 2A terminal 11, whilst input L2 connects through terminal 13 to switch input L2. The result is a "DELAYED OFF" function, initiated by a momentary contact switch which forms part of the timer as depicted earlier in FIG. 1.
The circuit form for one preferred embodiment is depicted in FIG. 3. No load current flows until the momentary switch 3A, when briefly closed, initiates current flow between the input terminal L2 and the load 2 via output terminal L3. Transformer 15 connects in series with this current flow and, therefore, a voltage is determined in the secondary in accord with the well understood action of a pair of magnetically coupled coils. The transformer 15 secondary voltage, which is de-spiked by the action of capacitor 54, couples to a rectifier arrangement including diodes 16A, 16B, 16C, 16D. The rectifier output on line AA is a pulsating d.c. value, the frequency of which is:
F.sub.p =2F.sub.L
Fp =pulsating d.c. frequency; and,
FL =input line frequency.
With common 60 hertz (50 hertz) utility power input, the pulsating d.c. frequency Fp will be 120 hertz (100 hertz), or said another way, the period will be:
T.sub.p =1/F.sub.p
where: Tp =pulsating d.c. interpulse time period (seconds). Again this becomes 8.33 milliseconds (10 milliseconds) for 60 hertz (50 hertz) utility power.
This pulsating d.c. value Fp, better depicted as waveform AA in FIG. 4, couples by way of a resistor 21 to the base of a NPN transistor 20. The result is a pulsating clock rate frequency in the collector thereof, across load resistor 22, which is a waveform AB of improved rise time as applied to the CLOCK input 23 of a divide-by-two connected J-K flip-flop 24. The output 25 is 60 hertz (50 hertz) which couples to the input of a second divide-by-two flip-flop 26. The resultant 30 hertz (25 hertz) output 27 produces a timing waveform AC which feeds the CLOCK input of the divide-by- 214 counter 30, for example a R.C.A. type CD-4020 C-MOS binary counter or the like. The result is a plurality of outputs which may be selected by way of jumper connection (or switch) 31 so as to produce a variety of timing waveforms AD as coupled to PNP transistor 32 by way of resistor 33. With the exampled CD-4020 integrated circuit counter 30, the following time increments may be expected as the resultant timer cycle:
______________________________________Jumper 31 connected Elapsed Timeto counter 30 output: 60 hertz 50 hertz______________________________________Q4 0.267 second 0.320 secondQ5 0.533 second 0.640 secondQ6 1.067 seconds 1.280 secondsQ7 2.133 seconds 2.560 secondsQ8 4.267 seconds 5.120 secondsQ9 8.533 seconds 10.240 seconds Q10 17.067 seconds 20.480 seconds Q11 34.133 seconds 40.960 seconds Q12 1.138 minutes 1.365 minutes Q13 2.276 minutes 2.730 minutes Q14 4.551 minutes 5.460 minutes______________________________________
It is necessary to understand the operation prior to the time cycle completion. When power is first applied, as produced by current flow between L2 and L3 through the transformer 15, a d.c. voltage will develop across the capacitor 19 by way of steering diode 18. This produces an operating d.c. value +Vc for the circuits on line 50. This rapid rise in +Vc value couples through capacitor 52 to the reset R0 input on counter 30; however the reset quickly returns to near ground by the discharge action of resistor 51. The result is a reset pulse a few milliseconds (or less) in duration will serve to reset the counter state outputs to all zeros (logic "0" or LOW). Accordingly the LOW output on line 31 will serve to turn-on PNP transistor 32, effectively saturating the device with the result that the collector thereof will be near the +Vc value as shown in waveform AE. This value couples to the base of NPN transistor 35 through resistor 36, in turn saturating the transistor and resultingly drawing the collector value across load resistor 39 as appearing at connection AF near to ground level. This will cause the unilateral conductive device, or diode 38 to conduct, with the result that PNP transistor 37 will be properly forward biased into an ON state. In the shown hookup, the emitter and base of transistor 37 will be properly forward biased into an ON state. In the shown hookup, the emitter and base of transistor 37 are NOT supplied from the +Vc line, but rather from the source of 120 hertz (100 hertz) pulsating d.c., albeit positive in sign. The effect is that when the PNP transistor 37 is turned on through diode 38, the collector current through resistor 46 and therefore as coupled to the gate of thyristor 45 (a TRIAC in the example) will pulsate in accord with the 120 hertz (100 hertz) rate as shown in waveform AG.
When the counter 30 output state on the selected line reaches the desired count and goes logic "1" or HIGH, the transistor 32 will turn-off. The result is that the transistors 35 and 37 will accordingly turn-off and the thyristor 45 will commutate on the next half-cycle zero crossing in accord with well known practice. In the shown hookup, the timing period is equal to:
T.sub.t =(1/F.sub.AC)(2.sup.Qn-1)
Tt =timing period in seconds;
FAC =clock input waveform a.c. frequency on counter 30; and
Qn=selected Q line output on counter 30.
The output timing function for FIG. 3 appears as waveform AH in FIG. 4. The elapsed times for the waveforms of FIG. 4 are shown as interval AT. It will also be apparent that the control actions all occur on clock pulse ABA edges ABB, referring to edges ACA, ACB, ADA, AEA, AFA, AGA, AGB, and AHA. The time period for the clock pulse appears as AAA, being 2FL as previously defined.
Yet another timer offering some improvement over the aforesaid circuit of FIG. 3 appears in FIG. 5. Two particular merits for this new circuit include:
a. independence from load current variation as an effect on +Vc value; and,
b. time increments in decimal value.
The circuit of FIG. 5 dispenses with the current transformer of FIG. 3 and instead uses the novelty of a d.c. power supply for +Vc which is virtually indedpendent of any reasonable change in load 2 value; the maximum value being that set by the power handling capability of the power passing semiconductors, e.g. thyristors 45, 70 and diode 71. The operation of the d.c. power supply is fully published in U.S. Pat. No. 4,300,090 issued Nov. 10, 1981, "Direct Current Power Supply" to which the artisian is referred.
Circuit operation is initiated by a momentary connection, as by a push switch or the like, between external control line L4 and the controlled line L3. The resultant current flow to the load will flow through the components of the d.c. power supply including thyristor 70 and diode 71 with the result that when input L2 is negative relative to common L1, diode 71 will pass current; whilst in the opposite mode when input L2 is positive relative to common L1, the thyristor 70 will INHIBIT current flow until zener diode 72 conducts drawing current through resistor 73 and the thyristor 70 gate.
The brief period during each half-cycle prior to the turn-on of the silicon controlled rectifier 70 results in a recurring unipolarity pulse between the thyristor anode and cathode which is coupled by a unilateral conductive device, or diode 74, to an accumulator, e.g. capacitor 75. The result is a d.c. value +Vc is developed across the capacitor 75 which powers the circuit elements. What is important is that the value of the unidirectional pulse is fully independent of the LOAD current when that current is above a minimum value of but a few watts, due to the action of the zener diode solely responding to the power input waveform voltage magnitude component.
The increase in +Vc d.c. value, when first turned on, is delayed in application to the inputs of NAND gate 87 and inverter 57 by the integration effect of resistor 56 having to charge capacitor 55 first. This results in a logic "1" or HIGH at the inverter 57 and gate 87 outputs as coupled to the respective counter 90 and counter 85 reset R0 inputs.
This timely action results in the resetting of the counters to zero state. The clock rate is provided from the connection 82 which contains a fundamental pulsating d.c. component (due to the action of the aforesaid thyristor 70) at the line source frequency FL ; e.g. 60 (50) hertz. The resultant pulses couple through resistor 81 into two cascade inverters 80, 83 for waveshape enhancement prior to coupling to counter 85, say C-MOS type CD-4040, which operates in the shown configuration as a divide-by-3,600 function together with decode NAND gate 86 feeding back to the reset R0 line through NAND gate 87. The result is a series of one-minute ticks, or clock pulses, coupled to CK input 89 on counter 90. While I describe 60 hertz operation, decoding instruction changes to produce a divide-by-3,000 action in counter 85 will allow 50 hertz operation; other combinations being equally obvious to the experienced practitioner.
Counter 90 is exampled as the widely used C-MOS type CD-4017 counter-decoder. The counter, R0 input 58 having been reset, rests with all outputs 1 through 9 at a logic LOW value. Output 0 is logic HIGH, and therefore is invalid as a function. The nine outputs 1 through 9 are, accordingly, coupled to a selector switch 91 (or else jumpers are used). Line 0 is also shown connected: the result is either the mechanical rotation stops on the switch prevent selection of position "0"; or else this position serves as a timer over-ride function, which is to say that the controlled load 2 is ON only for so long as the external closure between line connections L3 and L4 exists, but no time delay function ensues.
As long as the switch 91 rotor connection 92 is logic LOW, PNP transistor 95 is forward biased through resistor 93, causing substantial collector current flow through resistor 46 and thus the gate of triac 45 including gate shunt resistor 47. The result is the triac 45 is turned ON, thereby serving the load 2. The OFF signal occurs when the time function completes:
T.sub.t =(1/F.sub.L)(M�D.sub.n) seconds;
M=effective division factor of counter 85; and,
Dn =division factor of counter 90 output as selected by switch 91.
When the desired count is reached, the rotor 92 line goes to a logic HIGH state: e.g., PNP transistor 95 is shut off. The controlled load 2 is subsequently disconnected, current flow in line L3 ceases and the result is current between terminals L2 and L3 ceases. The timer is thereby disabled.
The hookup for a lamp load 2A having remote OFF action in conjunction with the new timed switch appears in FIG. 6A. What is provided is:
1. The circuit is turned ON at the timed switch 1 by the action of momentary switch 3 (FIG. 1); and,
2. The circuit may be turned OFF prematurely (i.e., before the time cycle completes) by a separate momentary normally closed switch 100 usually connected between the line L3 timer output and the load L5 line.
FIG. 6B depicts some variation, in that two or more switches 101, 102 are shown, whereby any one switch may be momentarily opened, resulting in the premature interruption of the circuit current flow.
The hookup for a lamp load 2A having remote ON action in conjunction with the new timed switch appears in FIG. 7. What is provided is:
1. The circuit is turned ON at the timed switch 1 by the action of momentary switch 3 (FIG. 1); and,
2. The circuit is also able to be turned ON at any one of several remote locations by the momentary action of any remote normally open switch 105, 106.
The hookup for an arrangement providing for either remote ON or remote OFF control by several remote switch locations appears in FIG. 8A. The ON state is initiated by any one normally open momentary action switch 105A, 106A as explained for FIG. 7, whilst the OFF state is accomplished by any one normally closed momentary action switch 101A, 102A as explained for FIG. 6B.
The hookup variation depicted in FIG. 8B accordingly shows but one remote switch position.
While I have described the invention in terms of a digitally programmed timer: the essence of my invention, being that of a two terminal timer, can be implemented with analog timing techniques. FIG. 11 gives illustration of my teaching using an analog interval timer 65 as a timing element having a continuous variable time adjustment 66. My preferred embodiment also employs a digital timing delay function 60 for course preset delay, bringing the analog delay into play for incremental adjustment. The circuit depicted in FIG. 12, together with the circuit described earlier for FIG. 5 best shows my teaching. Through connecting the rotor 92 of switch 91 to the input 151 of NOR gate 155 instead of to resistor 93, the analog delay will serve to complement the decimal-step delays produced by the circuit of FIG. 5. The reset signal produced by gate 57 couples 152 to NOR gate 156 serving to initialize the circuit upon turn-on so the latch effected by cross coupled gates 155, 156 will be reset with gate 156 output 157 logic LOW to the R0 input of timer 150 which is exampled as a C-MOS device, for this illustration an Intersil type ICM-7555 or the like. When the digital timer logic HIGH state occurs on input 151, the latch will be reset and timer 150 input R0 will go logic HIGH, serving to enable the analog timer 150. At the same time the sudden change to logic LOW at the output of gate 155 will produce a differentiated trigger pulse for the VT input of the timer 150. The analog timer will then progress through its pre-established time cycle period as defined by the effective value of timing resistances 170, 171 together with capacitor 172 as coupled to the discharge (DIS) and threshold (TH) inputs of the timer device in a manner well known in the so-called "555" family of integrated circuit timers. The delay accordingly becomes:
T.sub.AD =(R.sub.A +R.sub.Beff)C.sub.A seconds;
RA =resistor 171 in megohms;
RBeff =effective value of potentiometer 170 in megohms; and,
CA =capacitor 172 in micorfarads;
which upon completion produces a logic LOW state at the output 161 as coupled to NOR gate 160. The NOR gate 160 is satisfied with both inputs LOW so as to produce a logic HIGH output on the line which couples to resistor 93' and in turn connects 162 to transistor 95 in FIG. 5 thereby serving to satisfy the circuit conditions for FIG. 5. With the circuit of FIG. 5, one minute steps are produced by the selection established by switch 91. Therefore if the analog timer 150 nominal component selections allow for about a one minute analog delay, the result will be a nice arrangement wherein the switch 91 selects the one minute steps whilst the analog time adjustment 170 affords a goodly fill in of time increments with nearly infinite resolution. The best practice of the combination is to establish the RA, RB values to permit analog adjustment between about one minute and two minutes: viz, a 2:1 range. Under this condition the effective overal time delay sequence values become equivalent to:
T.sub.BD =T.sub.t +T.sub.AT ;
or for the cited example:
T.sub.BD.sbsb.min =T.sub.t +60 seconds; and,
T.sub.BD.sbsb.max =T+120 seconds;
TBD =effective overall time period of combined circuits of FIG. 5 and FIG. 12; and,
TAT =analog timer delay value;
thus providing for the quasi-infinite setting of incremental time delays for producing an overall time related event signal which is substantially the sum of the selected digital time delay Tt and the incremental analog time delay TAT.
The introduction of a light detector in combination with my teachings of FIG. 9 is shown in FIG. 13. In this hookup, the timing action does not commence until two conditions are met:
1. The input lines L1, L2 are switched ON; and,
2. The photoreceptor 180 is darkened, as by night time conditions, for example.
When these criteria are effected, the timer will commence the delay cycle and turn-on the load after the predefined finite delay has elapsed. With a.c. power applied, operation is such that when the photocell 180, for example a cadium sulfide photocell or the like, is illuminated as by daylight the resistance across the cell will diminish to a low value. This value will be a few thousand ohms or less. In the particular model I describe, a suitable photocell can be found in the model VT841L manufactured by Vactec, Inc. This action will cause the +Vc value 114 to be coupled through the low cell resistance, through diode 181, and serve to develop a substantial positive value at the junction with resistor 77A, which is usually on the order of at least several times the photocell's illuminated resistance value, e.g. several thousand ohms. In fact it is the value of resistor 77A relative to that of the resistance value of the photocell at a particular illumination level which establishes the transistion state in the typical "daylight-to-dusk" application. The aforesaid positive value serves to reset at least the counters 125, 130 and flip-flop 133. When the darkness value occurs, the reset voltage developed across 77A will decrease to the value where counter 125, 130 can proceed cyclically through the count period and, in due course, turn on the load after a delay. The reset capacitor 78A corresponds with the purpose of the earlier element 78, whilst diode 182 decouples the substantially independent reset roles of the capacitor 78A and the photocell 180.
Yet another variant configuration is shown in FIG. 14, which cooperates with FIG. 5 to produce a time function which turns ON at dark and then turns OFF after a finite delay. In this mode, if lines L1, L2 have power applied, the illuminated resistance value of the photocell 180 will decrease the value as coupled from the juncture with resistor 184 to NAND gate 190 to a LOW state value. The result is the gate 190 output as coupled to the transistor 95 base will be HIGH, e.g. the transistor will be biased OFF and the result is no thyristor 45 gate current resulting in a load 2 OFF condition.
The photocell LOW value also couples to NAND gates 57A and 87A, thereby serving to reset counters 85, 90. When photocell darkness occurs, the value at the juncture with resistor 184 will rise to an effectively HIGH logic state as coupled to gates 57A, 87A, 190. With counter 90 effectively reset, the value on the switch rotor 92 will be LOW, being inverted 191 and coupled to gate 190. The gate 190 will thereupon be enabled, pulling the output LOW and thereby turning ON transistor 95 resulting in the turn-on of the thyristor 45. The load will remain connected until the timing element output from rotor 92 goes to a HIGH state, whereupon the double inverted value on the base of transistor 95 will go high resulting in load shut-off after a finite delay. The ratio between the dynamic resistance value of the photocell 180 and the load resistor 184 serves to determine the switch-over threshold, i.e. the "dusk" setting.
In environmentally hostile applications, the use of mechanical switch elements for actuation of the timer can be expected to lead to problems of service lifetime and reliability. Such conditions are frequently encountered, as for example where outdoors applications are contemplated, or in chemically active atmospheres. Furthermore unprotected mechanical switch elements are unacceptable in explosive environments, such as refineries, coal mines, and the like. In FIG. 15 the circuit refinements are shown, giving improvement over earlier FIG. 5, which allow the use of a magnet actuator 196 acting upon a magnetically responsive switch element 195 such as a reed switch. Connection of the switch is in the thyristor 45 gate element circuit, resulting in a small current flow requirement for the switch 195 and the gate resistor 197. If the switch is of the normally open type, moving the magnet into proximal relationship therewith will result in circuit turn-on. In the preferred embodiment, the switch element 195, along with the timer circuit elements, is encapsulated in an environmentally impervious plastic material such as epoxy resin. Thereupon the switch action is brought about by presenting the magnet 196 field lines to the so produced module in such an effective way as to activate the switch element 196. This movement of the magnet structure is preferably operator controlled as the extension of a mechanisim which is comprised of inert materials such as stainless steel, plastic, or the like which will afford a high degree of corrosion resistance.
Even though the teaching uses a magnetically activated reed switch, the artisian will find it well within his skills to apply a Hall effect device, or other magnetically responsive means. Furthermore, using the teaching of FIG. 14, if the photocell 180 views a permanently ON light source, such as an L.E.D. or neon lamp, the switch action can be accomplished in a useful way by means of a shutter-like mechanisim between the source and the photocell with the shutter being operable so as to selectively inhibit or else translate light energy between the source and the photocell. The practitioner will quickly recognize the ability of this coupling mechanisim to provide an environmentally resistive improvement for the basic teachings central to this invention, for in the example of an explosive environment, the light coupled between the light source and the photocell has been demonstrated coupleable by way of a fibre-optics means. This results in the electrical parts of the circuit being locatable in a safe area, whilst only the fibre-optics enters the explosive area with, of course, an operable shutter or the like serving to control the coupling efficiency between the light source and the photocell.
While a variety of preferred embodiments have been described, each of which satisfy somewhat different application for my invention, the novel essence of my teaching is to be strictly found in the two terminal connection provided by my invention which draws no current by way of the load circuit coupled thereto when in the load timed "off" state.
Although I have elected to show particular parts values and time measure for my teaching, this is by way of achieving a better understanding of my invention by an artisian and therefore shall not serve to restrict my invention from any combination of elements which might serve to satisfy the basis for my invention: that of a two terminal timer.
Even though the diagrams included with this description depict the common, or return circuit connection, this is for completeness of understanding and the wary artisian will appreciate that the timer does not include direct connection thereto in order to satisfy the timing function.
The particular time delay values are described to give the description credibility. The choice of almost any delay amount, from that of a fraction of a second, to a value of hours, days, or even longer is entirely within the scope of my invention and can be accomplished by merely making adjustments as to the circuit hookup, for example the binary counter connections, and like trivial implementation detail.
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|Green Mark Technology Inc.
|Dimmable LED lamp and dimmable LED lighting apparatus
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|Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc.
|Digital wiring device
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|Whirlpool S.A.
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|Laurent Gonthier
|Circuit for the control of a triac without galvanic isolation
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|Mar 13, 2008
|Lutron Electronics Co., Inc.
|Wall-mountable timer for an electrical load
|Nov 21, 2007
|Oct 30, 2008
|Lutron Electronics Co., Inc.
|Multiple location electronic timer system
|Aug 14, 2008
|Jan 29, 2009
|Vantage Controls, Inc.
|Current Zero Cross Switching Relay Module Using A Voltage Monitor
|Feb 26, 2008
|Aug 27, 2009
|Leviton Manufacturing Company, Inc.
|Wall mounted programmable timer system
|Jul 14, 2009
|Nov 5, 2009
|Lutron Electronics Co., Inc.
|Wall-Mountable Timer for an Electrical Load
|Sep 11, 2009
|Mar 17, 2011
|Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc.
|Digital wiring device
|Nov 10, 2009
|May 12, 2011
|Green Mark Technology Inc.
|Dimmable led lamp and dimmable led lighting apparatus
|Apr 16, 2010
|Mar 29, 2012
|Marcos Guilherme Schwarz
|Electronic Switch Control System and Electronic Switch Drive Method
|Jun 5, 2009
|Mar 15, 2011
|Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc.
|Electrical device
|Oct 28, 2009
|Jun 28, 2011
|Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc.
|Electrical device
|Feb 2, 2011
|Oct 4, 2011
|Leviton Manufacturing Co., Inc.
|Electrical device
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|May 19, 2011
|Whirpool S.A.
|Electronic switch control system and electronic switch drive method
|U.S. Classification
|307/141.4, 315/360, 340/309.8, 340/309.9
|International Classification
|Cooperative Classification
|European Classification


text:
Welcome to the wonderful world of doTERRA Essential Oils!
I am so excited to have you join me on this journey to HEALTH and WELLNESS!
When it comes to essential oils, quality is SO important and I want you to be confident in the brand of essential oils that you are choosing to empower your family with! doTERRA is the largest essential oil company in the world and prides itself on creating oils with the utmost care and integrity.
My name is Rachael and I have been a Wellness Advocate and Educator with doTERRA for over 2 and a half years now. My passion is to equip and educate you with these natural solutions so that you can empower your family with health and wellness.
I began my journey in the winter of 2014 after a long and hard year of health complications. I was miserable, sick, tired and for the most part, HOPELESS. When a friend came over to see if some calming oils would help support my bodies ability to sleep better, I was instantly amazed at the quality and benefits. Upon the first application, I melted into the couch and felt my body relax for the first time in months. I was hooked and haven't looked back since! I was so stunned at the therapeutic benefits and wanted those who felt hopeless to know that there were natural and AFFORDABLE solutions out there!
First, its important you understand the BASICS of essential oils!
Watch these 3 short videos for your basic foundation of WHAT essential oils are, WHY doTERRA's CPTG is a cut above the rest and HOW to get started! My goal is for you to be able to learn in a short amount of time, with these short videos and brief explanations! This of it as a class in a BLOG! Crafted for you and your busy schedule… Piece of cake!!
If you need help at ANY point, please feel free to comment below or email me! I am happy to help you begin your journey!
INTRODUCING DOTERRA: Empowering you to be ready for ANYTHING!
So now that you understand a bit of the foundations of the incredible benefits of essential oils lets talk about some of my FAVORITE oils!! Listed below are some of my favorite single oils, blends and vitamins! Each video is only 1-3 minutes.
I am going share just a few, but know that once you get started you will have FULL access to your very own back office with info on EVERY oil and product we carry, tons of essential oil education, doTERRA Science and resources to empower you further! If you want more info on a specific oil or supplement, make sure to comment below and I would be happy to help!
Frankincense Essential Oil:
Peppermint Essential Oil:
OnGuard: Protective Blend
doTERRA essential oils are sold solely through independent distributors like myself.
As a Wellness Advocate, I get to know YOU and support your goals in every way that I can!
Most people enjoy starting with a WHOLESALE MEMBERSHIP by purchasing a starter kit.
This automatically saves you 25% off the retail pricing and it's BY FAR the best savings and value!
Watch this video to see how easy it is to get started with a wholesale account:
Check out our BEST starter Kits to find your perfect fit!
PDF DOWNLOAD OF ALL KITS: CLICK HERE for details of every enrollment kit!
Step 1: Go to my website and click on the JOIN & SAVE Enter your country and hit continue.
Step 2: Select Wholesale Customer for 25% discount all year long OR Wellness Advocate to receive bonuses and comissions (hellooooo free oils) – then hit JOIN doTERRA.
Step 3: Fill in the About You section. This is the bulk of your wholesale account application. This info goes straight to dōTERRA through their secure site.
*The "Enroller ID" and "Sponsor ID" boxes should already be filled in for you. If they are not, all you have to do is enter 677561 in both boxes. My name should come up "Rachael Thomas"
Step 4: Select your starter kit. All the kits are great, so look at your budget and see what fits. Below, I have listed in detail some of my favorite ways to get started! Choose your preferred shipping method.
***FYI-If qualifying for a monthly promotion, make sure your PV amount reaches desired amount listed. PV and dollar amount are slightly different. Once order is placed, you cannot change to qualify.
EXAMPLE: Home Essentials Kit $275, PV 225
Step 5: Enter in your payment information and then hit "Process Order Now and Continue"
When you start out with one of these AMAZING kits, your wholesale membership fee of $35 is waived, making all future orders 25%-55% off! Plus you get a HUGE savings by starting with a kit!
Check out the PDF link and details below on all the starter kits we offer!
PDF DOWNLOAD OF ALL KITS: CLICK HERE for details of every enrollment kit
Maybe you need specific help in choosing your families PERFECT fit in getting started?
Shoot me an email and I would love to help you figure out what oils or kit fit your needs!
My top 3 favorite kits are the Natural Solutions, Home Essential and Family Essential Kits!!!
Natural Solutions Kit –
$810 | $550 Wholesale (400pv)
This is our TOP SELLING kit and the perfect beginning to your essential oil journey! A little bit of everything and my favorite start for someone looking to lay a solid foundation of health and wellness. There are so many amazing oils that you are going to LOVE having in your home, our favorite 8-hour Aroma Lite diffuser, the #1 selling product-Lifelong Vitality Vitamins, wooden storage box, as well as our BEST blends like Balance "grounding blend" and Serenity "calming blend".
One of the best things is that you will get to experience many of our OnGuard products as well as the TerraZyme digestive enzymes. Ahhhhmazing! The Deep Blue Rub is so soothing to use on tired and sore muscles or after a long day or killer sweat sesh! PLUS when you purchase this kit, you have the option jump ahead and start saving an additional 15% with a monthly Loyalty Rewards program as well as the possibility to earn $100 back in FREE oils. This is by far my favorite kit and well loved by so many!
*Oils in this kit:
5mL: DigestZen®, Purify, Melaleuca, Oregano, AromaTouch®, Frankincense, Serenity®, Breathe™, Balance.
15ML: Citrus Bliss®, Lavender, Lemon, Peppermint, Slim & Sassy®, Lemongrass, OnGuard®
10ML Roller bottles: PastTense, ClaryCalm
Freebies from me & doTERRA when purchasing this kit:
-$200 in FREE oils with qualified Loyalty Rewards Program order
––DEEP BLUE DUO PROMO- Free Deep Blue Rub & Deep Blue Touch ($94.67 value)
-Free Membership
-6 glass roller bottles to start making your own blends
-Access to private FB team support page
-Coaching and Wellness Consultation from me
The Home Essential Kit – $
366.57 | $275 (225pv)
Our Home Essentials Kit includes our most loved, wildly popular FULL SIZE single oils and blends! This kit also comes with a FREE Petal diffuser which dispenses oils for up to 4 hours run time. This kit is a great economical kit for those who are ready to get oils in their home right away! Best thing is that with your free wholesale account, you can add to your wellness wish list as you need!
*Oils in this kit:
15ML Single Oils-Lavender, Lemon, Peppermint, Frankincense, Melaleuca, Oregano.
15ML Blends-Breathe, OnGuard, Digestzen. 5ML Blend: Deep Blue
Freebies from me & doTERRA when purchasing this kit:
-DEEP BLUE DUO PROMO- Free Deep Blue Rub & Deep Blue Touch ($94.67 value)
-Free Membership
-Access to private FB team support page
-Coaching and Wellness Consultation from me
The Family Essentials Kit –
$166.57 | $150 (110pv)
This is our introductory 5ml sample size kit that is great for personal use or travel. This kit contains the same oils listed in the Home Essentials Kit, just 1/3 of the size. If you are just starting out and want to sample a few oils on you and your family, then this is a great place to start.
*Oils in this kit: 5ML Bottles Lavender, Lemon, Peppermint, Frankincense, Melaleuca, Oregano, Breathe, OnGuard, Digestzen, Deep Blue
Freebies from me & doTERRA when purchasing this kit:
-Free Membership
-Free Peppermint & OnGuard Beadlets
-Access to private FB team support page
So there you have it!! YOU'RE ALL DONE!!
You are educated, empowered and READY to get started on your journey in essential oils!
You will receive a confirmation email where you will have the ability to log into your account right away and take a look at ALL the amazing products we have to offer.
You are now a doTERRA Wholesale Member!
Here is a short video explaining some of the great benefits that you have right in store for you!
I look forward to sharing these natural solutions with you and will reach out via email shortly with some great resources!
Make sure to pop over to FACEBOOK and join the conversation!
Can't wait to talk to you soon!!
In health and happiness,
Rachael Dee

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Vice President, Pharmaceutical Development
Dr. Kabadi brings Assembly more than two decades of diversified experience in research, development, manufacturing and quality for small molecule drugs and biological products. Previously, he held positions at a number of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, including Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Novartis, Pfizer, Faulding and Roche. Dr. Kabadi has directed the pharmaceutical development of 25 ethical, generic, specialty and OTC marketed products. He is a member of the American Association of Pharmaceutical Scientists and served as President of the American Association of Indian Pharmaceutical Scientists. Dr. Kabadi received BS and MS degrees in Pharmacy from Temple University and a PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences from Rutgers University.


text:
The operator of Vietnam's sole refinery Dung Quat has selected a UK firm to be the front-end engineering design (FEED) contractor for a nearly US$2 billion plan to expand the facility.
Amec Foster Wheeler has been awarded the FEED contract by Binh Son Refining and Petrochemical Company Ltd (BSR), a subsidiary of state-owned Vietnam National Oil & Gas Group (PetroVietnam), the Knutsford, Cheshire-based firm announced on Friday.
Dung Quat oil refinery, the only such facility operational in the country, is located in the central province of Quang Ngai.
The FEED contract is part of the $1.8 billion expansion and upgrading plan which is planned to increase the plant's annual processing capacity by 30 percent.
The two-year contract, the value of which has not been announced, includes optimization of the refinery configuration, coordination of licensors, and the design for new units as well as the revamp of existing units, according to Amec Foster Wheeler.
This includes establishing the optimum project definition to allow the project to be implemented at the lowest cost, while increasing the stable supply of petroleum products in accordance with the Euro 5 standard.
Amec Foster Wheeler will also support BSR's contracting activities ready for the next phase of the project.
Vietnamese newswire VnExpress said without citing sources that the contract between BSR and Amec Foster Wheeler is worth more than $25 million.
"This contract award affirms our world leading refinery capability, and I am delighted we are using our global expertise to support BSR in the development of Dung Quat," Roberto Penno, Amec Foster Wheeler's group president for Asia, Middle East, Africa & Southern Europe, said in a statement.
Amec Foster Wheeler completed the design for the original refinery in 2000, according to Penno.
Dung Quat is currently only capable of treating crude oil exploited from Bach Ho field in the East Vietnam Sea at an annual capacity of 6.5 million tons a year.
The facility is expected to be able to process other common kinds of oil in the world following the expansion, while its capacity is expected to rise to 8.5 million tons a year.
Amec Foster Wheeler designs, delivers and maintains strategic and complex assets for customers across the global energy and related sectors, according to the company's website.
With pro-forma 2014 annualized scope revenues of £5.5 billion ($8.46 billion) and over 40,000 people in more than 55 countries, the company operates across the whole of the oil and gas industry – from production through to refining, processing and distribution of derivative products – and in the mining, clean energy, power generation, pharma, environment and infrastructure markets.


text:
There are 6 recommended Health Care Providers in Fort Smith, AR. Read reviews from people you know to find the best Health Care Provider.
I've known Sherry for a very long time, almost nine years, and since day one she has always been the most sweetest, supportive, lovable person I've ever met!! Sherry is the kind of person that will do everything in her power to help you accomplish your goals. If you want the best of the best, she's the one to talk to!See MoreRead Less


text:
The performance of Barack Obama of late has become bizarrely lame. Early on in the primaries there was talk of him being a far-left stalking horse for Hillary so as to make her look moderate by comparison. But new-left Democrats such as backed Bill and openly dreamed of a 3rd Bill Clinton term found themselves outflanked by the radical left-wing. The nutters' candidate locked in enough votes to clinch the Dem ticket months before the June date when Obama actually accumulated the requisite delegates.
Politics is about gaining power; even losers maneuver after losses and even before impending losses to hold onto advantages so that their minority is still a force that must be reckoned with.
Hillary has not ended her campaign. The Dem convention has not ended. The fat-legged lady has not swan-songed.
That Barack Obama is one balky politician is more evident every day. Many in the GOP can hardly wait to broadcast with the help of talk radio to tell us all of the next false-step or tone-deaf comment even before the noise from the last incident has died down.
In baseball, where when the pitcher makes a motion that is against the rules, the pitcher is charged with a balk. The penalty is that opposition base runners advance a base.
Given how many delegates Hillary has accumulated and not relinquished yet, she is clearly still on the third base of the Democratic party. She awaits some inevitable errant move by Obama — some faux pas that will penalize Obama some number of delegates or other obscure party rule — that will advance Hillary to home plate. It may already have been committed and she is simply biding her time.
Such a late advance by her would put her at a distinct advantage against McCain. In part because so many voters are so put off by the unprecedentedly long campaign that they've tired of the two current faces. But more importantly, it will be because of some yet unrecognized comments that McCain politically uttered to advance himself against Obama but would hurt him against Hillary.
That is what the term stalking horse has always implied politically — some one to be the focal point, the target, to take the hits. But never the real one the party intends to put up. In that way the real candidate can take advantage of the opposition's revealed strategy and especially the political mistakes. The real candidate is then fresher and not as fatigued nor battle scarred as his opposition when election day arrives.
However, is it likely that all that Obama has done up to now was just so he could be a stalking horse for Hillary? Is he blowing it deliberately?
No! That is too bizarre a possibility. People who are this close to garnering power are not inclined to throw it away intentionally. That may be especially true of someone who has good reason to suspect he had been encouraged to run precisely to be a stalking horse. Such a man would find the position he'd achieved in June — one that was against the odds in December — to be particularly sweet.
No, I'm recognizing that he's in danger of fumbling it all away simply because he's a much smoother reader of prepared scripts than he is a man of wider strengths. If he blows his nomination, he will effectively have been a stalking horse of a different variety.
Should Obama screw himself by stumbling, fumbling, bumbling once too much in the short time between now and the end of the convention, he will achieve an American first.
He will be America's first balking horse.


text:
Frequently Asked Questions
- Q: May I participate in the program by myself?
- A: No. We require two to three teachers to participate from each school to ensure continuity from one year to the next.
- Q: Do I need to have a non-humanities teacher in my team to apply?
- A: No; however, we encourage such collaborations and will give preference to schools that include a non-humanities teacher.
- Q: When will you notify schools of acceptance into the program?
- A: New schools will be notified by 10.27.2011.
- Q: What shows will returning schools see this year?
- A: All returning schools will see a combination of Race, Camino Real, The Convert and/or Fishemen. Show assignments will be given based on seniority as space allows.


text:
Enter 'Intelligence'
To address this growing concern, developers are focusing on next-generation information infrastructures that will, in essence, be intelligent. This new technology will "understand" how to optimally adapt to system and data process changes, and will make necessary adjustments automatically and thus much more quickly than infrastructures that rely heavily on human intervention.
Moreover, next-generation infrastructures will have the ability to learn as they go. This will help ensure their optimal performance, and the enterprise's agility, over time.
DI Darwinism
Data integration (DI) resides at the nexus of this agility. Without data integration, there is no information infrastructure, not today, not tomorrow. DI moves, consolidates and transforms the most fundamental IT building block -- data. It feeds increasingly voracious business intelligence (BI) systems, executive information systems, and all kinds of data warehouse and data store-based initiatives. It is integral to real-time enterprise computing, ZLE (zero latency enterprise), eCRM, business activity monitoring (BAM), and other high-value initiatives. And it will be critical to RFID as the way to amalgamate and manage the projected torrents of data.


text:
History Like many immigrants of their time, they chose Barcelona. In Alsace, towards the end of the 18th Century, people were already talking of the opportunities offered by Mediterranean countries.
* Their climate
* Their food
* Their quality of live
A group of countries which, at that time, were living the giddy days of modernism.
In 1876, August founded his beer company in order to continue doing what he had always done: produce beer, which is exactly what his children and grandchildren after him continued to do. Customer profile This product is for people upper 18 years old because it has alcohol and that's not good for young people.
Normally has a typical profile and that consist in alternative people who likes alternative music, concerts, festivals and all of that. Estrella Damm is a Catalan beer. It has been brewed in Barcelona since 1876. Estrella Damm The 4 P's Price:
place Unique Selling Proposition (USP) My product is different from the competence because it has different flavors with a striking packaging.
It's a product that you can find it in a bar, in a petrol station, in a little alimentary shops and in supermarkets. Features and benefits of the product It is a unique blend of barley and wheat malt, with orange peel and liquorice. So, it is made with all of natural ingredients.
It has got different flavors and each one with a different packaging and with different names like:
- Estrella Damm Inedit
- Free Damm
- Damm Daura If you buy one beer it's more expensive than a unity of twelve beers. In that case, one beer costs 1,5 euros and twelve beers costs 4, 90 euros.
I have to say that there are not going to be different prices for different markets. I will launch the product to all the media's communications like:
- Internet
- Television spots
- Radio commercials
- Magazines of food
and I also would sponsor my product with FCB for example.
I will also promote Damm beer in the festivals because with it people will start to drink that drink and then they will start to buy it. People are going to buy it because of his packaging. It also have his logo that it introduce to the people all his brand and his history because now it's very known.
I think that it has a good brand name because lot of people buy this brand before another. I won't change the brand name because it has a lot of history as I said before and all the consumers know it for his logo and for the different kinds of beer that Damm has. I'm going to launch my product to Netherlands because they love beer but they only have one international beer that's Heineken. For that case, I'm going to launch my product there and be competent by the other international brand.
I will sold this product at a cheaper price to Heineken beer because there the people wouldn't know my product and if I want that they buy it I would have to put it more economical. Place Price Promotion Product 2012 add 1990
add Introduction * What's Estrella Damm
* Features and benefits
* History
* 4 P's
* Unique Selling Proposition
* Customer profile
* Spots
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Estrella Damm
Launching a catalan product to a foreign country
Laia Capdevila Arumíon 4 January 2013
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Results 1 to 2 of 2
Thread: Optimizing sql
12-10-04, 13:31 #1Registered User
- Join Date
- Oct 2004
- Posts
- 7
Unanswered: Optimizing sql
I'm trying to improve perfomance of a list of sql's. My sql are something like this:
select /*+ PARALLEL(t,5) */ * from tabla1 where yyyymm in (200301, 200302, 200303, 200304, 200305, 200306) and field1 = '010102' and field2 = ..... fieldn =
The fields yyyymm and field1 is in all my sql's but the rest of the fields (field2-fieldn) depends on the sql, (it varies from one sql to other).
My table is partitioned by yyyymm and i have an index (normal, not bitmap) by field1. The rest of the fields don't have a lot of possible values (10-20 values more or less), one of them is in a lot of sql's but it has three posible values and I dont' have an index because I think it doesnt't worth, doesnt' it??
I use parallel hint because server can make parallel executing. It's a very large table, tipical fact tables of a date warehouse, about 10 millions records.
Any idea to impove perfomance, to make faster the sql's??
Any advice or idea will be greatly apreciatted.
12-10-04, 23:17 #2Drunkard
- Join Date
- Nov 2002
- Location
- Desk, slightly south of keyboard
- Posts
- 697
Just a suggestion.
select * from t where c in (1,3,5,7,9)
can be optimised differently to
select * from t where c = 1
union all
select * from t where c = 3
union all ....
The "in" clause can cause enough of the index to be scanned for Oracle to think that a FTS is better. Without histograms on the column being [in'ed] the number of values in the clause could also affect it.
You can force the optimiser to go the route you want (fine if your data demographics are stable), trust the optimiser, or re-form the query to help the optimiser (in which case you may as well force it through hints).
BillPlease don't email me directly with questions. I've probably just got home from the pub and cannot guarantee the sanity of my answers. In fact, I can't believe I actually made it home.


text:
James Henderson shares his experience with cycling legend Cadel Evans and discusses what the future holds for this grueling race.
"This is what it's all about, the pleasure of unimpeded speed, working as a team, dragging one another along, slaying kilometers."
James Henderson was a guest of Bridge & Wickers - who offer a six night itinerary visiting the key locations in the race. Including race entry, bike hire and return flights to London from £3,300pp.


text:
A low-key opening ceremony took place in the St Jakob Park stadium in Basle ahead of the opening game between Switzerland and the Czech Republic on Saturday.9 June 2008
BASLE - All eyes turned to action on the pitch Saturday as Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland kicked off with two matches.
A low-key opening ceremony took place in the St Jakob Park stadium in Basle ahead of the opening game of the tournament between Switzerland and the Czech Republic.
The presidents of Switzerland, Pascal Cuchepin, and Austria, Heinz Fischer, Prince Albert of Monaco, European Commission President Jose Manuel Barroso as well as football supremos Michel Platini (UEFA) and Joseph Blatter (FIFA), were among the capacity crowd of 40,000 present for the short 13-minute opening ceremony.
The ceremony, conceptualised by French artistic director Martin Arnaud, used the movements of 600 volunteers, who were carrying multi-coloured cubes above their heads, to create extraordinary, gigantic pictures depicting various images of the two co-hosts, Switzerland and Austria.
However, any Swiss joy at hosting the Euro was shortlived as a 71st-minute goal from substitute Vaclav Sverkos gave the Czechs a 1-0 win.
The Swiss were also dealt another cruel blow as top striker and captain Alexander Frei picked up a knee ligament injury that saw him leave the field in tears.
Swiss officials later said that Frei, who was taken to hospital, had suffered a partial rupture of a ligament and would be out for six to seven weeks, thus ruling him out of the rest of the tournament.
"Three points are a good start for us," said a happy Czech coach Karel Bruckner afterwards.
"I think that we can leave with our heads held high after this performance," Swiss coach Kobi Kuhn said. "We didn't deserve to lose but we can do nothing else now but forget this game. Portugal also lost their first game four years ago and still made it to the final."
Portugal may have lost their opener when hosting the 2004 event but there was no danger of a repeat in Geneva when goals from Pepe and Raul Meireles sealed a deserved 2-0 win over toothless Turkey.
Luiz Felipe Scolari's team were almost entirely dominant in terms of goal chances, and thoroughly deserved their win.
Twice they struck the post, through Cristiano Ronaldo and Nuno Gomes, and had a goal ruled out, before Pepe finally broke the deadlock after 61 minutes. Meireles scored a breakaway second with virtually the last kick of the game.
The only negative aspect to the day for Portugal came with the confirmation that goalkeeper Quim won't play any part in the tournament after fracturing his right wrist in training on Friday.
The 32-old-old Quim, who plays for Benfica and has been capped 26 times by Portugal, was understudy to first-choice goalkeeper Ricardo.
Portugal have asked UEFA for permission to call up Porto goalkeeper Nuno Espirito Santo as a replacement for Quim as the player sustained the injury before his team's first match of the tournament.
Poland's reserve goalkeeper Tomasz Kuszczak has also been replaced by Wojciech Kowalewski after the ruling body UEFA approved the change.
Another player who will play no part in Euro is Russia striker Pavel Pogrebnyak. The Zenit St Petersburg star has failed to recover from a knee injury and will be replaced by uncapped Krylya Sovetov Samara midfielder Oleg Ivanov.
Pogrebnyak's absence adds to Hiddink's striking woes as his Zenit attacking partner Andrei Arshavin will have to sit out the first two games with Spain and holders Greece over a suspension.
Netherlands coach Marco van Basten will have to do without Arjen Robben in Monday's Group C opener against world champions Italy after the Real Madrid winger picked up a groin strain in training. Robin van Persie is also a doubt due to a lack of match fitness.
The only negative news from Austria and Switzerland on day one of Euro came out of Klagenfurt where German and Polish fans clashed Saturday evening in the Austrian city ahead of the Group B game Sunday between the two countries.
Tussles broke out and beer bottles were thrown in the fan zone in Klagenfurt's city centre with reports saying that seven German fans were arrested after 100 supporters from both sides clashed with each other.
German police, who were also on duty in Austria with powers of arrest, worked with their Austrian colleagues to divide the fans and quickly brought the situation under control.
[dpa / Expatica]
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Enterprise: Is it Safe?
How well are you addressing this question for your clients? Perhaps you seldom hear this question however it is often on the mind of your clients. They want to know: "Is it safe to use your product? Is it safe to deal with your company? Is it safe to buy from you?
Security is an operational issue. Feeling safe is a fundamental marketing issue. It's one thing for the engineers and technicians to design and create a secure system. It's quite another thing if your clients don't feel safe about it.
The technical side of security is logic based. Feeling safe is an emotional state that is influenced by perception. And perception is based on our perspective and emotional state. Perspective is based on a mix of: purpose, experiences, knowledge, ability and risk tolerance.
Perspective and emotions are constantly changing. That's the challenge for you. Feeling safe is a gray zone and it is relative. At one time a secure world meant that the USA had thousands of ICBMs pointed at the USSR while the USSR pointed back with their horde of nuclear daggers. Today a lone suicide bomber can make us feel unsafe. You might feel safe in your home until there is a break-in. Depending on what has happened recently in your favourite vacation spot you might feel safe or unsafe about visiting. Feeling safe often has little to do with security.
Read the rest of this article in the November 2007 issue of Enterprise Magazine.
George Torok is a regular contributor to Enterprise Magazine and has been for the past eight years.
Subscribe to Enterprise here.
Learn more about Enterprise magazine here.


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|[TowerTalk] Going Price for Used 25G/45G sections?
|email@example.com (Jay E Ostrem)
|Thu, 10 Apr 1997 12:13:31 -0600 (MDT)
Hi Gerry, I built my 140ft of RG-25 for $450 dollars. I spent $10-$20 a section. I found them standing up, and laying in junk piles. Fringe TV areas with old homes are a good source(most folks have cable now.) The insulators were bought from the local power co. for .10 a piece, new technology in fiberglass insulating sections made these obsolete in some areas, many companies have barrels of them. The guy wire was free. I went to a well drilling company who had some defective wire to unload. (20,000 ft). It has a small copper wire in it, to detonate an explosive at the bottom of the well to open up the casing. The copper went bad, so they just wanted the reel back. Anchors were bought for $15 a piece, another discontinued item at a auger and anchor service. To small for drillers, too big for little job. Cable clamps looked pricey, but I got a good deal them in bulk from the CO-OP. These were good grade. I used 3 on each side of the insulators. I spent 2 years scrounging and building. You have to talk to people and let the community know what your interested in, don't look desperate though because the price goes up.(simple economics) 73 Jay W7CW in Gillette, Wyoming On the 1AB Ranch in Campbell County (previously WC7M) W7CW was previously held by Simon Hess SK 1912-1994 -- FAQ on WWW: http://www.contesting.com/towertalkfaq.html Submissions: firstname.lastname@example.com Administrative requests: email@example.com Problems: email@example.com
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- Home
- Parts
- Universal Parts
- Seat Accessories
- Megan Racing- 2 Inch 4-Point Harness - Discontinued
Megan Racing- 2 Inch 4-Point Harness
Megan Racing 4 Point Seat Belt Harnesses, featuring 2" nylon webbing, quick release buckle for easy entry and exit, designed for comfort, support, and safety during hard cornering and aggressive driving. Extra wider pads on chest and legs will make more comfortable driving experience or while racing on tracks.
Color - Black with Red wider pads
Feature - 4 points, with Press to release function
Universal fitment, fits all seats and cars and trucks.
* Off-Road use only
** This set up is for one seat only, for either passenger side or drivier side.


text: Posted July 14, 2011 The weather has taken a turn for the worse. A solid rain covers the town, and the clouds block the sun. Still, the town has gathered together, as is their duty. Is everyone here? Are we missing people? The crowd started to do a head count when Roweena Karnata burst into the room. "Sir, I have bad news. Again this morning, I checked the houses, and both Craig Otoko and Professor Flutwuck were gone, their houses showing signs of a struggle! In their beds, I found these cards!" Oh dear. I worry that things may be worse than I thought. Two more members of The Town were taken from us last night! I really believed the town was unified together! The Town Elder looked out over at the inhabitants of New Lower Brickton by the Sea. Tomorrow is the night of the alignment. Time is not on our side. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ All players now have 24 hours to place their mandatory vote. They may choose to play their witness cards, but please keep in mind: - there are a set number of clues for each death. - each player has only two cards to use over four days, so cooperation is imperative - their will be a challenge today to win an Investigation Card -Because of other commitments, Burman cannot complete the game and will be substituted with Pandora. Nothing has changed in the role, and should not effect your opinion of the character. And a special hint to all players: If you're not going to be around for the last few hours of the game day, be it for work, school, sleep, or otherwise, I strongly recommend proxying your vote to someone who will be around. It could make all the difference between winning and losing. RULES The game takes place in 24-hour rounds (a Day Round and a Night Round) over the course of 7 days in the quaint village of Lower Brickton by the Sea. During the Day Rounds, excitable citizens take it into their hands to lynch one of the players. During the Night Rounds, the town's population is preyed upon by The Dark Ones! TEAMS -There are two teams: The Town and The Dark Ones. -There are an unknown number of players on each team. -There are no special roles in either team. -Members of The Town will not know the identities of their teammates. -Members of The Dark Ones may or may not know the identities of their teammates. -IMPORTANT! For The Town, this is a No-PM game. Posting in the public game thread is the only method of game-related communication allowed for members of this team (i.e. no Skype, Facebook, Twitter, or whatever.) -For The Dark Ones, this may or may not be a No-PM game. OBJECTIVE -The team left with the most players at the end of the 4th Day Round will be declared the winners. -All players win or lose with their team, so if you're killed during the game and your team wins, you're still a winner. So work together! -If it becomes impossible for one of the teams to win, the game will end early and the other team will be declared the winners. Note: Some non-player characters may be mentioned during the game, but these characters do not contribute to the numbers on either team. GAME PLAY Day Rounds -The day round lasts 24 hours. During that time a player may vote for another player to be lynched by publicly voting in the game thread. -At the end of the round, the player with the most votes is subjected to a brutal death at the hands of the mob. -Votes should be stated in the public thread in bold. E.g. "I VOTE/UNVOTE [name]". -Players may nominate any other player to be their proxy for the day, thus voting the same way as their proxy. -In the event of a tie, the first player to achieve that number of votes will be convicted. IMPORTANT! Failure to vote or nominate a proxy will result in a penalty of 5 lynch votes the following day! Night Rounds -The Night Round begins when the day ends and lasts 24 hours. During that 24 hour window, members of The Dark Ones may murder other players. ID CARD - Each player will receive a Character card containing a full photo of themselves. - Players may choose to reveal this card at any time in the public thread, or not. GAME CARDS There are 3 types of game card in play... WITNESS CARD - Play this card to receive a clue about a crime. - Each player will receive 2 Witness cards. - To play a Witness card, post it in the public thread and nominate the crime you want the clue about. - The clue will be sent by PM to the player who played the card. - If more than one player witnesses the same crime, they may receive further clues. If the same clue is received by more than one player, that signifies there are no further clues to be revealed about that crime. - Witness cards may only be played during Day, up to any length of time after the crime occurred. INVESTIGATION CARD - Play this card to identify which team another player is on. - Players can win Investigation cards by solving challenges (more on this below). - To play an Investigation card, post it in the public thread and nominate the player under investigation. Players may not investigate themselves. - The result of the investigation will be sent by PM to the player who played the card. - Investigation cards may only be played during the Day, and do not have to be played on the same day they are won. KILL CARD - Play this card to murder another player. - Each of The Dark Ones will receive 1 Kill card. - To play a Kill card, send it to me in a PM along with the name of the victim. - Murder cards may played during Day or Night, but will only take effect during the Night Round. Cards are not transferable. Use of forged or altered cards is not allowed. CHALLENGES -During the course of the game, at different times of day, at least three challenges will be presented in the public thread. -If you solve a challenge, send the answer to me by PM. -Each player may only submit one answer for each challenge (no second chances or revisions!) -The first player to send me the correct answer will win an Investigation card. -If no fully correct answer is received within the challenge's allotted time, the player whose answer I deem closest to the solution will win the Investigation card. -The winner of the challenge will be announced in the public thread. Finally... Note to The Town: Although the odds may seem stacked against you, the game is really yours to lose. A considered assessment of the clues is the key to your success. Have fun! THE PLAYERS Camanakin Skywalker - Town hustler (Big Cam) Womanikin Skywalker - Housewife/Wife of Mugg Kupp (Badboytje88) Mugg Kupp - Military propagandist/Husband of Womanikin (MacK) Scotty Pie - University Academic (CallMePieOrDie) Shenanikin Skywalker - Elementary School Student (sok117) Carly Vikera - Town accountant (Kartoffelviking) Donena Buena - Jeweler (Donut) Bananakin Skywalker - Town bicycle (Brickdoctor) Professor Flutwuck - University Professor/Wife of Eskipo Land (Professor Flitwick) Mrs. Le Goninja - Pub owner/Wife of Ram Strut (Mrlegoninja) Ram Strut - Bouncer/husband of Mrs. Le Goninja (Rumble Strike) Robanakin Skywalker - Town guard (Robuko) Eskipo Land - Town Guard/Husband of Professor Flutwuck (Eskallon) Addy Kupp - Importer/exporter (ADHO15) Craig Otoko - Freelance muscle (cralegoboy) Bubb Kupp - Town guard (Bob the Construction Man) Roweena Karnata - Town guard general (Roncanator) Mistress Kupp - Hostess (Jedi Master Brick Fugazi) Burrito - Horse Whisperer (Burman Pandora) Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Tuesday, December 3, 2013
Ready for #Nerdlution?
Thanks to Colby Sharp I am re-evaluating my priorities. How can I challenge myself to be better? How can I better help my students? What could really make a difference in mine and their lives? I have decided to do at least one good deed a day for fifty days. I will go out of my way to do something special everyday for someone- it could be a teacher, administrator or a student. The best part??? I am going to do it anonymously! Let's see how creative I can be disguising my good deeds! Have any suggestions? Just let me know!
1 comment:
I can't believe no one has added a comment to this great idea. Well, my 50 comments / 50 blogs / 50 days #nerdlution has brought me here, and I just wanted to say that I think your push for quiet good deeds is fantastic, and inspiring. I think making sure you target folks below the radar in our lives is important, so you are no doubt paying attention to the people we take for granted.ReplyDelete
Keep sharing on twitter, and think about updating us here, too.
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The CPT 720 "Industrial" Portable Data Terminal from Cipherlab is ideal for use in a variety of applications, from warehouse to vehicle management, post delivery to the health service. This versatile unit has a full alphanumberic keyboard and is available with either 8MB SMC or 2MB SRAM.
The kit version of the 720 is supplied with the communications cradle (720-CR), rechargeable battery pack (720-NimH-PK) and the RS232 communication cable (720-DL).
CPT 720 - 8MB SMC Terminal Kit with Laser Scanner
About SSL Certificates


text:
Join Leanne Dyck's exciting author journey. Leanne is writing picture books for children, a novel for young adults and short stories for you. Every Sunday evening, she shares book reviews or articles about writing or glimpses into the life of an author with dyslexia or one of those short stories. For a list of Leanne Dyck's published work please visit the publishing history page. Please help nurture this blog by visiting, commenting, subscribing and sharing.
Thursday, January 13, 2011
100 posts--2, 999 views
Okay, WOW, I can't believe that we're one page view away from 3, 000 views. How am I going to get back to planet earth? I have to concentrate. : )
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De Blasio defends horse carriage deal on traffic grounds
Cutting the number of horse-drawn carriages in New York City and keeping them entirely inside of Central Park will help ease traffic congestion in Midtown Manhattan, Mayor Bill de Blasio said Monday.
De Blasio, who received heavy financial support from opponents of horse-drawn carriages during his campaign for mayor, promised to ban them on his first day in office, more than 700 days ago.
Story Continued Below
He announced late Sunday night that his office had finally cut a deal with the City Council and unions representing carriage drivers that would not completely ban the carriage horses. Instead, the number of horses will be cut by slightly more than half, from 220 to 75, and their movements will be confined within Central Park.
De Blasio had once argued that the rationale for banning horses was the inhumanity of the carriage industry, which subjects horses to the city's crowded streets, a line of thinking that echoed the arguments of anti-carriage activists who supported him during his 2013 campaign.
Now, with the prospect of such an outright ban effectively dead, de Blasio argued that the deal is good because it not only limits horses's exposure to traffic — it also limits drivers' interference from horses.
"Horses do not belong on the streets of the biggest city in the country in the middle of Midtown traffic. It's not fair and humane to the horses. It's not fair to the drivers. It creates congestion. There's a lot of reasons why this has to change. This agreement will achieve that," de Blasio told reporters Monday at an unrelated event in Brooklyn to honor Martin Luther King, Jr.
De Blasio has struggled for months to make good on his early promise to ban the carriages, amid pushback from the unions representing carriage drivers and skepticism from City Council members.
It is unclear whether the deal will earn support from the horse carriage industry critics who have made it one of the defining issues of de Blasio's first term as mayor.
NYCLASS, the organization that was arguably the loudest voice calling for the ban, has yet to weigh in on the deal.
In a statement, NYCLASS spokesman Michael McKeon said, "When we see the bill in print and understand all the details, we will have more to say."
On Monday, the Coalition to Ban Horse Drawn Carriages, another group that had been calling for a total ban on the carriages, issued a statement opposing the deal, saying it "preserves the carriage trade at the expense of the horses and smells like a convenient real estate deal to us."
In the statement, the Coalition questioned de Blasio's narrower focus on how moving horses could alleviate traffic congestion.
"Street traffic was never the sole reason we advocated for a ban," the group said. "There are many other reasons including the sensitive, nervous nature of the horses; the very high turnover, which leads us to believe many of the unwanted go to the kill auctions, and punishing working conditions."
The mayor's increased focus Monday on the horses' effects on congestion comes as de Blasio's administration focuses on traffic caused by other, non-animal means.
The city recently concluded a $2 million study on the effects that for-hire vehicle services like Uber have had on congestion in Midtown Manhattan, finding that such vehicles actually had no impact on increased congestion in Midtown.
It is unclear whether the city possesses similar data for horse carriages.
But on Monday, de Blasio argued that data aside, any New Yorker can attest to the horse carriages' impact on traffic and the traffic's impact on horses.
"I think anyone who drives in New York City — data is great — human experience is great too. I drove plenty of times behind those horse carriages and we've all seen the crashes and what they did to the people involved and the horses involved," de Blasio said.
"This is a no-brainer — they don't belong on the streets of New York City. It's just, it's 2015," he said.
De Blasio asserted that whatever the cost to the taxpayer may be of the horse carriage plan, ultimately, it would be worth it to address the congestion caused by the horses.
"You know, the value we're getting here for the people, is to address the congestion issue," he said. Removing horses from city streets would also prevent accidents between horses, people, cars and carriages, he said. "I think it's a good long-term investment to get the horses off the streets."
The plan, which would cut the number of licensed horse carriages operating in New York City to 110 by December 1 of this year, and which requires the total number of licensed horses to be further cut to 95 by October 1, 2018, still has many other details outstanding, de Blasio said Monday.
The deal would require the refurbishment of a 14,000 square foot existing building located along the 85th street transverse, into a 75-stall stable for the horses, with room for 68 carriages. The building, known colloquially as "the shop" is sited next to a police precinct, and has been used for decades as a Parks Department maintenance facility.
The refurbishment would be paid for with taxpayer dollars, a move de Blasio described Monday as "a worthy investment" although he could not immediately say how much it would cost.
"This is a capital investment for the city," de Blasio said of the building renovation, telling reporters that although City Hall doesn't have a final figure for the costs, "We will get one as we do the research."
He added: "But I can certainly say that we're convinced it's a good investment. Again, it's a city-owned building already that needs to be fixed up anyway. We're going to use it and not just leave it there, as you know, a shell of a building," he said.
Another outstanding question not addressed in the broad outline of the framework deal announced Sunday night is the fate of the horses who will effectively be retired from carriage driving.
De Blasio said he is certain the horses will ultimately be well cared for.
"What we've said all along, and we've heard very strong guarantees from the humane rights movement, that there are good homes for the horses and there are many donors who are willing to pay for the horses to get to other homes, So, I'm quite confident the horses will end up in a good situation."
The framework deal announced Sunday evening, in the middle of a holiday weekend, would also give a cushion to the horse carriage industry that has long fought any kind of ban or limitations, by making it illegal for pedicabs to operate in Central Park below 86th Street, a move that would effectively grant horse carriage drivers a monopoly on recreational rides in the lower half of Central Park
De Blasio said Monday that cutting out pedicabs was necessary to prevent overcrowding in the park.
"Obviously, we're introducing a new element into the Central Park with the horses and I think it's a good choice, that's where they belong, but we have to make adjustment in terms of the pedicabs for balance," he said, adding, "I think it's a fair outcome."
The mayor who described the framework deal as "a lot of progress" but conceded "it's not everything I wanted," said that several details of the legislation required to enact the plan were still being worked out, although he would not enumerate what the specific issues unresolved are.
"I'm not involved in the minute to minute negotiations," he said. "There's obviously a lot of logistical issues that have to be worked through. But this is an agreement I'm quite confident in, it's been worked on for a good while now and I'm confident this is going to hold and move forward," he said, adding that he hopes the plan will come up quickly for a hearing and then a vote before the City Council.
One reporter asked de Blasio if he could recall the last time he had visited Central Park, the locus of the new horse carriage plan .
"That's a good question," the mayor answered.
"I've been there a number of times in the last year or two, but I'd have to get back to you on when was the last time," he said.
--additional reporting by Dana Rubinstein


text:
Nicole Kidman graces the cover of Vanity Fair's December issue, in which she opens up about her past and present relationships.
When asked about the unreal level of fame she endured during her marriage to Tom Cruise, which lasted from 1990 to 2001, Kidman tells the magazine: "There is something about that sort of existence that, if you really focus on each other and you're in that bubble, it's very intoxicating, because it's just the two of you. And there is only one other person that's going through it. So it brings you very close, and it's deeply romantic. I'm sure Brad and Angelina have that -- because there's nobody else that understands it except that person who's sleeping right next to you."
And after some two decades of being smack in the middle of the spotlight, the 46-year-old actress now lives in Nashville, TN, with her husband, Keith Urban, and their two daughters and couldn't be happier to be away from Hollywood.
"Having experienced extreme fame and now getting to a place where it's not so dominating in my life, I'm always surprised when I go somewhere and people know who I am ... it jars me again, because [the kids] ask, 'Why do they want a photo?' and 'Why is that person saying hello to you when you don't know them?' All of that stuff has to be explained to a five-year-old. So I see it through a different perspective."
Kidman also shines a light on how her relationship with Urban compares to the one she had with Cruise:
"[W]ith no disrespect to what I had with Tom, I've met my great love now. And I really did not know if that was going to happen. I wanted it, but I didn't want it for a while, because I didn't want to jump from one relationship to another. I had a lot of time alone, which was really, really good, because I was a child, really, when I got married. And I needed to grow up."


text:
The Stormsure Horse Rug Repair Kit provides all you need to easily repair tears, rips and leaks in your horse's favourite rug. The kit includes various weight patches to match the material, and there are enough patches to make several repairs.
Small areas can be repaired in seconds while larger areas can be easily repaired while most of the time not showing the patch. Full instructions included. See below for kit contents.
1 x 15 gram tube of stromsure adhesive.
1 x 5 grams tube of stromsure.
2 x Stormsure Self Adhesive PU patches.
3 x Nylon Fabric patches (Blue, Red and Green) to make your repair.
1 x Plastic spatula for spreading the glue neatly.
1 x Pair of PVC gloves to keep the glue off your hands.
All prices include VAT where applicable.
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Review: Nothing wrong with the service, but
Nothing wrong with the service, but would feel more confident with the product if it had a label attached to the container, we could be using anything. Also the container was only half full which makes the item more expensive than what we have been used to. I have used this product for a long time having purchased it previously at a local John Lewis store.
25 Feb 2013 by Mrs J.
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