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Stay in the loop with company updates and insights from our talented team.
Fors Marsh Group Achieves B Corporation Certification
Fors Marsh Group Awarded DCPAS Recruitment and Marketing Contract
Fors Marsh Group Wins NIH Contract to Improve Website Usability
Fors Marsh Group Achieves B Corporation Certification
Fors Marsh Group Awarded DCPAS Recruitment and Marketing Contract
Fors Marsh Group Wins NIH Contract to Improve Website Usability
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Fors Marsh Group just made the Inc 5000 list for the third year in a row. We are surrounded by a number of other companies throughout the country experiencing tremendous growth - especially in regard to the number of employees they are hiring. So far in 2015, FMG has seen a huge surge in growth - with over 32 new hires since January 1, and another 10 expected before 2016. While extremely exciting, companies facing this much growth should realize that now is the time to put a strong emphasis on teamwork, a topic we all know something about, but many of us might not practice effectively. In the past... more
Last week, our Communication Research team attended the National Conference on Health Communication, Marketing, and Media in Atlanta, GA. As speakers reminded us that we were there "to move the needle," I was reminded of Captain Planet. Hey, the mind works in mysterious ways. My biggest takeaway from the conference was more an observation. A path forward. A commitment to combining powers. More specifically, the conference brought together communicators and researchers - all working toward common goals and bringing something unique to the table that alone isn't nearly as powerful - but often the two seemed to be two sides to the same coin, never meeting. I heard communicators. I heard scientists. I heard communicators playing the role of scientists and... more
When a good moderator leads a focus group, it can look effortless. However, building rapport with respondents, managing the flow of the discussion, and probing respondents to get beyond surface-level responses are skills that require both training and experience. That's why we recommend, whenever possible, having a professional moderator conduct your focus groups. But projects don't always go according to plan, and you may end up in a situation where you have to moderate, whether you're ready or not. If you've been thrown into the moderating deep end, focusing on these five key things can help your groups go smoothly.
- Internal Revenue Service (IRS)- Awarded new 5-year blanket purchase agreement (BPA) to conduct experimental economics research on... more
Working on the Road... more
Data harmonization is the process by which data from heterogeneous sources are combined into a unified, cohesive data product. It is inherently a research activity and success depends on an understanding of... more
At the center of every qualitative project is the protocol, sometimes also called the moderator's guide, the discussion guide, or the script. This document establishes the structure of the group or interview, details the specific questions you will ask participants, and ultimately determines the kind of data you will be able to collect. It is also the guide that everyone working on the project will be using as they make their decisions-your clients will base their approval on the protocol content, the IRB will review it, and the moderator or interviewer will use it to guide the data collection process. The protocol is key to the success of your project, and keeping a few things in mind as you're writing it will help ensure... more
Belief versus 'the long run'Traditional, frequentist approaches refer to long run frequency, or how likely an event would occur over N number of replications. To illustrate this, imagine flipping a coin. If the coin is fair, after flipping it 20 times you should get... more
Typically, a qualitative research interview or focus group consists of strictly the data that is collected from your participants during a focus group or interview. But you can also ask participants to complete a "homework" assignment before they even get to the group. Homework assignments can be assets to your project, because they can help you:
If you're looking for advice on conducting focus groups, you will find no shortage of information, suggestions, and strategies. However, most of the information out there assumes that your focus group participants will be adults. Doing qualitative research with children and young adults is a very different experience. For one thing, your research will typically involve much more careful scrutiny by your IRB or other oversight groups, as you'll need to make sure that your study topic and questions are safe and appropriate for minors. But even once all the necessary approvals have been received, you will also likely need to use some different moderating techniques than you would with adults. Here are four things that we've learned to keep in mind when leading... more
No matter what content or structure you have planned for your focus group research project, the first thing a moderator needs to do in any group is to get the participants talking. When people walk into a focus group they generally don't know anyone, and may not even know what the discussion will be about. Those first few minutes of the discussion can set the tone for the whole group, so it is critical to start off with an icebreaker that makes your respondents feel comfortable and willing to participate.
The icebreaker is the first question that the moderator asks in the group and is usually part of participant introductions. It is often the only question that participants will feel they have to answer, since... more
- Tradition.


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The G20 Taskforce on Employment met for the third time this year in Brisbane, Australia from 22–24 July 2014. Senior officials discussed how action on increasing female participation, making safer workplaces and encouraging people into formal work can boost employment and help grow the global economy.
Across the G20, female participation rates vary from seven to 58 per cent. G20 members acknowledged the benefits of increasing female labour force participation and how this can contribute to economic growth. Recognising the importance of female participation, many countries are including gender-relevant measures in their Employment Plans, which are designed to address the challenges faced in each country.
Unsafe workplaces represent a significant social and economic cost—it is estimated about 6300 workers around the world die each day due to occupational injuries and illnesses. At the meeting delegates discussed best practice activities and the findings of a report by the International Labour Organization to promote safer workplaces.
Informal employment is also a growing challenge in many economies around the world. The OECD reports that informal employment is the norm in most developing countries, and it is also a growing issue in some developed economies. The actions that G20 members take to address informal employment will be incorporated into country Employment Plans, which are currently under development.
The Taskforce will meet once more this year directly ahead of the Labour and Employment Ministerial meeting in September.
To find out more, visit the G20 Taskforce on Employment website.

subset: commoncrawl


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Thank you Susan!!
Made an ATM deposit but entered in the wrong amount (this was before Wachovia switched to the new ATM system that reads your checks). Because I had entered in the wrong amount, there was a hold on the nearly $1,000 deposit for 3 weeks until they resolved the mistake. Nightmare!


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Bramley Lunch Room and Department Store
Main Street,
A Brief History of Bramley's
Situated on lower Main Street Abbeyleix, the premises dates back to the early 19th century. The first business was a saddlery and post office. Early in the 20th Century the first automobile garage in Abbeyleix was opened at the rear of Bramley's premises. The property beside Bramleys was formerly the site of the Abbeyleix Carpet Factory, which closed in 1914. And in 1935 the garage moved to the site and traded there as the Abbeyleix Motor Works.
The Bramley family moved to Abbeyleix in 1943 and operated the Abbeyleix Motor Works and Mrs Frances Bramley opened a drapery shop, which was formerly the saddlery.
Bramley's drapery closed in 1990 and the Motor Works traded until 1999
Bramley's is now a Lunch Room and Department Store. It has that American style emporium. The perfect wedding gift centre, which has a wide selection of furniture, clothing and jewellery. The café/lunch room is a must for locals and the passing tourist with a number of celebrity regulars dropping in such as Ryan Tubridy and Graham Norton.
Website: www.bramleys.ie
E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Phone: +353 (0) 57 8730996


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Insouciant Studios presents the "Pumpkin Harvest" Necklace featuring a mellow combination of glowing amber encased frit beads and rich green glass rounds and teardrops, accented with a large sterling silver toggle clasp. Perfect, laid back design for all your autumn activities--picking apples, carving pumpkins, basting turkeys, or traipsing through town and country.
Total Length 18 1/2 inches
Amber Beads ~3/4 inch diameter
Please Contact me about international Shipping! I am happy to ship overseas--you will only ever pay the actual cost.
Payment through paypal or Etsy is preferred. I will take payment by personal check, please contact me directly. 8.25% state tax will be added to all orders shipped within California!
I will ship anywhere, and using any special service, upon request. Otherwise, I have pre-selected the most economical shipping service. Again, I am glad to make special arrangements--like local pick-up, just ask!


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Tax with
Charge, accuse, as in He was taxed with betraying his fellows. [ Mid-1600s ]
Tagged: t
Read Also:
- Tax year
noun 1. a period of twelve months used by a government as a basis for calculating taxes
- Tay
noun 1. a river flowing through central Scotland into the Firth of Tay. 118 miles (190 km) long. 2. Firth of, an estuary of the North Sea, off the coast of central Scotland. 25 miles (40 km) long. noun 1. an Irish dialect word for tea noun 1. Firth of Tay, the estuary of the […]
- Tayberry
noun (pl) -ries 1. a hybrid shrub produced by crossing a blackberry, raspberry, and loganberry 2. the large sweet red fruit of this plant
- Taylorism
noun 1. the application of scientific methods to the problem of obtaining maximum efficiency in industrial work or the like. noun 1. a modified form of Calvinism that maintains that every person has a free will, and that makes a distinction between depravity, as the tendency to commit sins, and sin, as a voluntary choice […]


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Animal And Pet Food And Supplies Manufacturers, Erwin, NC
Papa John's - Pizza & Delivery
118 Commerce Dr, Dunn, NC 28334
2.7 Miles
"papa john's pizza is great and the delivery service is quick I have always received my pizza...">
East Coast Glass And Interiors
237 Medical Dr, Angier, NC 27501
13.2 Miles
""5 Stars and 2 thumbs up. Integrity in business. Knows his stuff. Will use him from n...">
House Calls Dog Grooming
Rt 210, Angier, NC 27501
13.0 Miles
"She did a thorough job and handled my Maltese with care. She arrived right on time.">
Omar's II Italian Restaurant
1011 E Cumberland St, Dunn, NC 28334
4.5 Miles
"I went to Omar's Italian Resteraunt, and I'd have to say it was the best food, the best serv...">
Ernie's Buffet
1008 W Cumberland St, Dunn, NC 28334
3.3 Miles
"I think that Erine's Buffet needs to add different food to the buffet not the same meal's ov...">
2 Cousins Italian Pizza
12330 Nc Highway 210, Benson, NC 27504
14.6 Miles
"Two cousins no more for me, a new employee at two cousins that likes to get your orders wron...">
Gaona Abby-Vetcare For Pets Animal Hospital
1165 E Cumberland St Suit 100 Dunn Nc, Dunn, NC 28334
5.0 Miles
Vets For Pets Animal Hospital
17 J And J Ln, Dunn, NC 28334
4.4 Miles
Blessed Restaurant
404 E Jackson Blvd, Erwin, NC 28339
1.0 Miles
Taco Bell
721 E Cumberland St, Dunn, NC 28334
4.3 Miles
1726 W Cumberland, Dunn, NC 28334
2.7 Miles
1106 W Cumberland St, Dunn, NC 28334
3.1 Miles
Vets For Pets Animal Hospital
17 J And J Ln, Dunn, NC 28334
4.8 Miles
Happy Star Chinese Restaurant
121 E H St, Erwin, NC 28339
.1 Miles
Pizza House
115 E H St, Erwin, NC 28339
.1 Miles


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During the general election debates for '12 POTUS, I will be very surprised, if Barack Obama doesn't go after Mitt Romney, over and over again, on RomneyCare and its many similarities with ObamaCare. Any detailed differences between ObamaCare and RomneyCare will be ignored by many of the general public, because the differences will be too difficult for the majority of the general public to, fully, follow.-Barack Obama knows this, already!
You're probably right.


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Get a Clue!
Looks like the babies ate and ran….. But wait, they can't just walk away by themselves. They could have at least cleaned up first! There is cereal everywhere! Don't they realize that stuff dries like cement? BOYS!
See Contest Post below or by clicking here and keep guessing…..The oh so long and anticipated unveiling is just around the corner! (I promise!)


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Bakery Story Answers for iPhone - iPadHome / iPhone - iPad /
Game Questions & Answers (Q&A) service lets you ask questions about video games for game consoles or PC games. So ask your Bakery Story question for iPhone - iPad and get answers from real gamers or answer questions and share your insights and experience with the rest of the gaming community.
- Developer: Teamlava
- Publisher: Teamlava
- Genre: Adventure
- Release: Nov 12, 2010
- ESRB: Not Set
Question & Answers
How do you finish food quickly?
I heard that u can start a food that is 3 hours, for example, then go to your device's settings, change the date/time to 3 hours ahead, and ur food will be done. but it doesnt work for me. can somebody tell me why?
Answer from: lauraiacobelli
Obviously this isn't true then. x
Answer from: Cheat peeps
It doesn't work but for a 5 min meal it will, here r the steps
first you need to set up a 5 min meal on bakery story then go to date and time and fast forward five minutes, you'll notice when you go back to bakery story it works but as you keep doing it your customers will start dissapearing, don't worry just dont go on the game for about a hour or restart your device. it works for me so....
Answer from: SirBrodzik832
Actually, it works, but then it says out of sync and sets it back to default time. (unless you change it each time at small intervals like 5-30 min.)
Answer from: maddy xx
It doesnt work for me. everything just stuffs up and i have to restart my ipod completely so it goes back to normal :((
Answer from: Lil
Yeah um turn your ipod off for about 10 min then go on make peach cobbler wait the serve after that put on brownies turn it off again
Answer from: Fast money
It works and you can use it with any meal. here's what you have to do. prepare a meal on the stove and then go to your settings and change the time ahead, for example if you pick a meal that takes 30 minutes to make then you would change the time 30 minutes ahead. after that you would go back to bakery story and your meal will be done. if you want to change your time back then change it back and then turn your device of and then back on. hope that it helps you.
Answer from: Tahnzy
Fast Money - This doesnt work for me on my IPod it says that it is out of sync with the server. I have tried clearing everything off my cooking devices and then setting the date a month back and also forward by however long and starting a fresh and the same thing happens. :(
Answer from: Anom
I am not able to figure this out either. The only thing that works for me is when I have several items on the counters (more than 4/5) it clears them and gives me money for the items. I notice when I only have like 2 on the counters, it doesn't work. Still trying to see if I can figure out how to speed up cook time though! :-(
Answer from: iPad girl
It only works for items that dont take that much time like brownies, cookies, coffee and blueberry muffins. If you do it to an item that takes longer time your game will freeze. But be careful it is a bit tricky to get the time back to normal.
Answer from: smartguy13
I have actually tried it and all you have to do is go to your settings set it to the time that the food will go off and be done and then restart your phone leave it alone for like five minutes and then your food is done if this sounds hard its really not so try it will work.
Answer from: Dirk
I have actually tried it and it works but dont try it for those food with a long time preparation. It will hang up and doesn't worked.
Answer from: AnonymousGirl
It works, but you have to restart your iPod, but the fact your taking two minutes to finish something that could take like, and hour, is worth it if you think about it.
Bakery Story - Review Trailer
- Added on: Aug 22, 2014
Bakery Story - GamePlay Trailer
- Added on: Aug 22, 2014
- Dunk Dive, (iOS)
- Pixel Neighbor: Welcome Home, (iOS)
- Survivor Royale, (iOS)
- BoardyBlock, (iOS)
- Bug Bites, (iOS)
- Ishido, (iOS)
- Crests Of Courage, (iOS)
- Zombie Virus Apocalypse, (iOS)
- Stickman Cross Golf Battle, (iOS)
- Ocmo, (iOS)
- Slice Wise, (iOS)
- Strike Team Hydra, (iOS)
- Vampire Castle, (iOS)
- Dots Connect Puzzle, (iOS)
- Word Search Pro, (iOS)
- Age Of Adventure: Heroes, (iOS)
- Time Crash, (iOS)
- Halcyon 6: Starbase Commander, (iOS)
- 7 Wonders, (iOS)


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Please Help My 1994 Acura Integra StolenRECOVERED
Submit Tip Via Email You can also provide a tip by calling or texting us at:
(260) 786-5367 Submit Tip Via Text Submit Tip Via Phone
(260) 786-5367 Submit Tip Via Text Submit Tip Via Phone
Submit A Tip
Post ID # 033123
- This item has been Recovered
- Date of Theft: February 3,2017
- Location of Theft: In front of Astro Aluminum Company
- Model Year: 1994
- Make: Acura
- Model: Integra
- Color: Charcoal Grey (paint job is kinda rusty in certain parts of car due to sun damage)
- License Plate: 6JMY490
- Street: Palmer Ave.
- City Where Stolen: South Gate
- State: California
- Country: United States
- Zip/Postal Code: 90280
- Police Report Filed?: Yes
- Name of Police Agency: Enavarro #20248
- Case Number: 17-01541 / 487 (D) (1)
- Listed: February 6, 2017 7:55 am
- Expires: 77 days, 1 hour
At 3:16am, a dark 2 door pickup truck pulled up next to my car without hesitation, passenger gets off pickup truck and goes to my car driver side and opens car with some type of hook opens door from window (window was closed by the way, car was locked too), passenger gets in my car and drives off with it, and pickup truck drives off behind my car. Please help me find my car its a family car.
Stolen 911 cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information. Stolen property must be confirmed with a law enforcement agency. Rewards are the responsibility of the listing party unless otherwise noted and are not processed through Stolen 911. All persons named as suspects in an alleged crime are presumed innocent unless proven guilty in a court of law.
539 total views, 5 today
Listing ID: 18558982d44b57d9


text:
Yes, totally pregnant. Thank you for all the congrats on the blog, twitter and instagram! Its definitely been a little different than the first time around..
Luckily no morning sickness with either. That's not to say I haven't felt blah at times, but no morning sickness. With Lil C, I couldn't eat chicken or vegetables for the first half of pregnancy-- fear not- Italian food tasted JUST FINE.. which did not help with pregnancy pounds! This time around, no food aversions, and I guess the only thing I've been craving is Sour Patch Kids. I've been able to stick with my normal diet because once you gain a ton (38 lbs) the first time around, you think twice before going for that extra round of dessert! [or let's be honest.. 3rd slice of pizza]
Whole 'notha story. So last time I was lucky not to really pop until well into Fall (about 20-22 weeks) so I got away with wearing my regular clothes until then. This time around, at 12 weeks I was already scouring Gap and ASOS for some new outfits. Its awesome though because the new baby is due a little before Lil C turns 2 - so its the same season and all my Fall/Winter maternity clothes are already lined up - just need to be dry cleaned after being stored away for almost two years now! Another fun fact- about 90% of my maternity clothes are business casual, so that's going to make for some serious outfits at Lil C playdates this winter..
So with Lil C I was at my corporate job which was a great distraction during pregnancy. Sure there were mornings I didn't want to get out of bed, but once you were there, you only thought about it randomly throughout your day. This time around, being home with a 1.5 year old, you're on the clock 24/7, but instead of zoning out, you just keep thinking.. there are going to be TWO of these cute little creatures soon vying for all my attention, oh my!! We're talking.. banging on the door when you're trying to take a pee. MOM? MOM? Why are you hiding in there??? But I've loved my time spent home with Lil C and wouldn't trade it for anything in the world. My mom did the same with my brother and I, took a few years off to stay home with us before we were in school and then she went back to work. Another pro about being home? At work, it was much easier to pig out and "treat yo self" to Brueggers and Dunkin Donuts each morning, and then getting lunch out to eat with coworkers all the time.
When I found out I was pregnant with Lil C, I immediately went into freak out mode and was afraid to go to any of my gym classes. In my defense, I had just lost 15 lbs leading up to getting knocked up the first time doing the crazy intense boot camp classes, etc, so they scared the hell out of me to keep up with while actually pregnant. This time around, I simply switched my gym membership to a class pass, because now I go to my Zumba class once a week. I want to try keeping at it as long as possible -- granted there are quite a few older ladies in my class so its not as insane as some of the Zumba classes you've heard of or have been to :)
Pregnancy is a trip alright.. mixed in with anxiety, missing of white wine, turkey sandwiches, sushi
and diet coke. But just remembering the end result...


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6th EMSSA International Conference
hosted by Emergency Medicine Society of South Africa & Emergency Care Society of South Africa
Sun City Resort, North-West Province
2-5 October 2017
One of Africa's premier vacation destinations, Sun City in South Africa is internationally recognized for its superb resort offering of hotels, attractions and world-class events. From the lavish opulence of The Palace of the Lost City to the casual elegance of the Cascades, the glamour of the annual Nedbank Golf Challenge to the tropical thrills of the Valley of Waves, Sun City delivers plenty to see and do in a beautiful malaria-free landscape.
For information on the Sun City Resort, please see http://www.sun-city-south-africa.com/


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Hallandale Beach, FL (PressExposure) July 30, 2009 -- For Immediate Release: The most authentic Mover's Review site has finally been launched by the name MoversSearchandReviews.com. The review portal allows enlistment of direct experiences with diverse relocation service providers especially in USA. Not only satisfaction and contentment but complaints against any of the moving service providers can also be stated to the site to help others to make a better judgment on a certain moving company.
The review site moverssearchandreviews.com allows individuals to post reviews to the forum by signing up and creating their account to the site. Registering process is absolutely free and optimally maintains the privacy of given data. Each time, while logging in to the site it will ask for user Id and Password for securing the privacy of individual accounts.
All of the moving service providers are invited to bring in their site to the portal creating a company account. Users of these specific moving companies will be directed to post their experience - praise or complaint, to these specific company accounts. So, while posting a comment on a moving company one should essentially select the company name enlisted to the site.
A forum page has also been made to discuss on moving services and their proficiencies offered by various service providers. Moving company owners can come up with the privilege to state an announcement of any sort regarding their upcoming offers and events.
The systemic presentation of every section to the MoversSearchandReviews.com allows moving companies and their users to state their ideas and views on different aspect of moving issues. There are two separate pages for reviews and complaints that will enable visitors to search for company information strategically.
A service provider can also speak out to support own service quality with needed explanation on a certain charge. Thus the review portal is all set to have a fair discussion on relocation service assistance.
MoversSearchandReviews.com places a great deal of importance in selecting the most competent moving service provider for a seamless relocation. Among numerous moving service providers it comes utterly tough to select the best mover for complete relocation assistance. MoversSearchandReviews.com has been designed to make the job easier with coherent solutions.
MoversSearchandReviews.com strictly avoids fake reviews that can mislead the viewers to a great extant. According to the site owner "if the fraudulence is been proved any way, that comment or review will strictly be dealt with and instantly will be removed from the site". Authenticity is the main key to make its stand to the web platform to guide visitors to the rite way.


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|Article number:
|In stock (1)
Pakistani Onyx is a banded variety of the oxide mineral chalcedony. It has a particularly striking green color! Coupled with the striking red, it provides a beautiful palate to carve. Agate and onyx are both varieties of layered chalcedony that differ only in the form of the bands: agate has curved bands and onyx has parallel bands. This stone has one red side and one green side. The triangular shape yeilds a wonderful surface to sart with. This stone is not for beginners as it is quite hard.
This particular stone is 30lbs and 10x6x5. This stone has multiple flat sides. This stone is unique in color with a multi-layered effect of pearly jade and rust colors.


text:
BroaMan (Broadcast Manufactur GmbH) was incorporated in January 2012 by the founders of OPTOCORE GmbH. The company was founded to apply 20 years of experience in providing high bandwidth audio, video and control infrastructure solutions to the broadcast and AV markets.
BroaMan develops and manufactures a portfolio that includes simple cost effective converters featuring low power consumption and high density, complete distribution and routing networks as well as systems specifically engineered to the customer's application. Using BroaMan's modular building blocks, the customer can specify topology, system bandwidth, routing, type and location of interfaces as well as any special features required for the application. As a result, the customer will have a fully customized system that perfectly fits the application. With this approach BroaMan can provide high bandwidth infrastructure solutions for any application. Whether it is a complex system for a broadcast studio, an OB unit, or simple point to point solutions for churches, performing art centres, conference halls, etc. BroaMan's team of Application Engineers provides consultation on system specification as well as training and technical demonstrations.
Product range includes
- cost effective off the shelf converters, distribution networks up to customized systems.
- Format/Protocol transparent platform developed for open standards.
- Multiple integration possibilities with industry leaders such as, OPTOCORE, Clear-Com and RTS.
DiViNe Technology
DiViNe, the Digital Video Network, provides scalable, protocol independent, routing, repeating, transport anddistribution of multiple professional video signals, such as 3G/HD/SD-SDI, over optical fibre. Complete DiViNe systems are built from a collection of modules that include: analogue and digital coaxial I/O, optical I/O, routers, repeaters, optical multiplexers, reclockers, scalers, audio embedders, deembedders and sync generators. All DiViNe components are specifically designed for multichannel high bandwidth video transport and routing. Using the modular DiViNe building blocks, any system configuration can be realized. DiViNe systems are specified and built to provide an application engineered solution, tailored to the requirements of the customer. The modular nature of DiViNe paves the way for construction of fully cost optimized systems.


text:
Crab Bisque 7
a creamy bowl of our house made bisque loaded with crab meat
Tomato Basil Cream 5
a rich twist on tomato basil soup using fresh ingredients and cream
Layered Soup 7
crab bisque floated on top of our tomato basil cream
Chesapeake Guacamole 7
made to order with Old Bay and our homemade flour tortilla chips, add crab for $5
Black Bean Salsa 6
corn, red pepper, onion, spices, sweet vinegar
Stuffed Avocado 6
half an avocado stuffed with chicken salad
Siracha Shrimp Tacos 12
three tacos, cajun shrimp, lettuce, cole slaw, mango pineapple salsa, Siracha
Dressings: Raspberry Balsamic (our house made), Ranch, Blue Cheese, Honey Mustard, Oil and Balsamic, Italian
Islander 7
Spring mix w/ pineapples, oranges, sweet red peppers, walnuts, dried cranberries, goat cheese crumbles, w/ a house made raspberry balsamic dressing
Add grilled chicken 4, shrimp or fillet mignon 6, ahi or salmon 8, crab cake ~market price
Garden 6
Spring mix w/ tomatoes, carrots, cucumbers, red onions & sweet red peppers
Add grilled chicken 6, shrimp or fillet mignon 8, ahi or salmon 10, crab cake ~market price
On the Plate
All include two sides.
Port House Crab Cake Platter 25
two crab cakes made with loads of fresh lump crab and no filler, This is truly as good as it gets.
Surf and Turf 25
choose two from a crab cake, grilled shrimp, or 7oz. sirloin and two of our delicious sides to create the ultimate meal from land and sea.
Grilled Shrimp Skewers 15
ten grilled shrimp on two skewers over a bed of greens.
Choose: Lemon Pepper, Cajun, or Old Bay
Blackened Salmon 17
fresh Atlantic caught salmon lightly blackened and topped with a mango pineapple salsa.
On The Bun
All prices include one side. Make it a Gluten Free Roll for $2.
Port House Crab Cake Sandwich 15
loads of fresh lump crab, no filler, and all Maryland. This is truly as good as it gets.
Glazed Filet Mignon 15
with a red wine balsamic reduction and topped with provolone cheese on a toasted ciabatta bun
Mushroom & Swiss Filet Mignon 15
topped with sauteed mushrooms in an infused oil on a toasted ciabatta bun
Seared Ahi 15
sushi grade tuna seared on the grill, paired with house-made wasabi coleslaw on a toasted brioche bun
Portabello 9
a large mushroom cap stuffed with garlic zucchini, roasted red peppers, topped with provolone, fresh tomato, red onion, and served on a toasted brioche bun
Southwest Chicken 10
grilled chicken tenderloin topped with swiss, avocado, and our house southwest dressing on a toasted brioche bun
Trophy Burger 11
a half pound of hand pattied fresh angus beef, grilled to your liking, and served on a toasted brioche bun
Classic Burger 9
the one that started it all. Hand pattied fresh angus beef, grilled to your liking, and served on a toasted brioche bun
Fresh Cut Fries · Benson's Potato Salad · Cole Slaw · Side Salad · Sautéed Vegetables


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This compact, 17-inch production printer sets new standards in colour precision for pre-press, packaging, design, commercial photographs and fine art reproduction. The Epson Stylus Pro 4900 boasts outstanding colour consistency and accurate colour matching, and can reproduce 98 percent of all PANTONE colours. Its high level of automation and robust mechanism make this printer a highly productive workhorse for any proofing, office or studio environment
Stylus Pro 4900
Epson Micro Piezo Advanced-TFP print head
360 nozzles / 10 channels
2880 x 1440dpi
Up to 30m2/hr
A2 (17-inch), A3++, A3+, A3, A4, Letter (Cut sheet)
203mm - 432mm, ( 8 inch -17 inch ), A4 - A2+, 2-inch core/ 3-inch core (Roll media)
2.5-inch colour LCD with backlight
45dB (A)
AC 100 - 240V 50/60Hz
Operating: approx 52W
Mac OS X v10.4,Windows 7,Windows® Vista®,Windows® XP®
863 mm (33.98 inches)
405 mm (15.94 inches)
1134 mm (44.65 inches)
52 kg (114.64 lb)


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- Please select a date to see the proper prices!
- Meal can be requested on the spot
Best offer
39 € / person / night, no meal
Description of the accommodation:
Rooms, services Guests looking for accommodation in Clausthal-Zellerfeld are welcome to book six nicely furnished rooms at Waldfrieden Buntenbock Clausthal-Zellerfeld. You are also welcome at the hotel for a fine local meal in the restaurant. Car parking possibility is available nearby. If you wish to spend your leisure time actively, you may also take the nearby opportunities to rent a bike, play bowling, billiard and go surfing. Wireless Internet connection (WiFi) is available at the hotel, ensuring that you can stay up-to-date during your holiday. To learn more about the exact range of services of Waldfrieden Buntenbock Clausthal-Zellerfeld (including services for an extra fee) and the exact equipment of the rooms, please check the information sheet below.
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Arrival, opening hours The earliest time of check-in is 14:00, the latest time of check-out is 10:00. The personnel of the hotel can speak with you in English and German languages.
Waldfrieden Buntenbock Clausthal-Zellerfeld rooms Rooms
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Accommodation services
Free WiFi in shared places
Relaxation: Billiard, Bowling, Bike rental at the accommodation
Surfing nearby
Own restaurant
Hairdryer, Desk in the room


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Wessex FM News
A New Chapter At Sandworld In Weymouth
1:38pm 4th April 2014
(Updated 1:54pm 4th April 2014)
Where would you find Moby Dick, the Lord of the Rings and Sherlock homes all under one roof?
They've all been brought to life in sand sculptures at Sandworld in Weymouth.
The theme for the latest exhibition which opens to the public tomorrow is iconic books.
Sandworld's Co-founder Mark Anderson's grandfather first started creating sand structures after the First World War ended on Weymouth Beach and Mark officially took up the craft just after his 21st Birthday.
Mark who used to just work on the beach says Sandworld brings a whole new dimension:
" The detailing that I put into it was sometimes lost, but here you can see it up close and personal and people come through the door and say wow!."
12 master sculptors from across the globe have been involved in the latest exhibition.
Ian Bruce looks after leisure and tourism at the Borough Council . He thinks the attraction will bring in more visitors from further afield:
"People are deciding where they are going to come for their summer holidays. They already know Weymouth has the best beach in the world and they've turned some of that sand on the beach into this attraction. Come and see it."
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Oklahoma company interested in oil waste 'filings' site outside of Belfield
Stark County could see an oil waste treatment facility up and running "this year sometime," Stark County Zoning Commission Chairman Russ Hoff said Monday.
Location Service Inc., Edmond, Okla., will present project ideas during Thursday's hearing to amend the Stark County Zoning Ordinance.
Location Service is proposing a facility that would involve processing waste "filings" from oil rigs, Hoff said.
"When they're done with (the waste), it will come out as a solid," he said. "It's kind of like a landfill."
Byron Richard, who owns land about seven miles south of Belfield off Highway 85, said the company is interested in placing the facility on his land.
"What it will do is it will replace some of the material that they've been putting in these independent preserve pits on these locations where the (oil) wells are being drilled," Richard said. "This particular site here will create an opportunity to consolidate some of (the waste) and have it better monitored by the state."
Richard also said Location Service would like to attain 80 acres of his land for landfill purposes.
Don Schmeling is a representative of Continental Real Estate in Dickinson, who is involved with purchase proceedings between Richard and Location Service.
"There actually is not even a purchase agreement in the works, but we're hoping to see one at least by Thursday, prior to that meeting," Schmeling said. "(Plans are) a little bit premature right now."
In a letter sent to the Zoning Commission Feb. 10, Location Service COO Luke Bross said, "Location Service is seeking to build an oil field support facility, commonly known as a special waste landfill, with permitting and oversight provided by the North Dakota Department of Health."
Bross also pointed out North Dakota's need for "environmentally responsible drilling support services."
"Strategic and wise planning regarding our natural resources will be vital to both short-term success and long-term ecological safety," Bross said. "Location Service is fully equipped to satisfy those concerns."
While Hoff is interested to learn more about the company, which he believes could provide waste services for up to three oil companies, he wants to make sure a potential facility would not negatively affect residents. He especially wants to make sure dust will not be an issue.
"Many trucks are going to be coming in there," he said.
More information on Location Service's plans will be discussed during Thursday's hearing to amend the Stark County Zoning Ordinance, which is at 3 p.m. at the Courthouse, 51 Third St. E.


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The goat (Capra hircus) represents one of the most important farm animal species. It is reared in all continents with an estimated world population of about 800 million of animals. Despite its importance, studies on the goat genome are still in their infancy compared to those in other farm animal species. Comparative mapping between cattle and goat showed only a few rearrangements in agreement with the similarity of chromosome banding. We carried out a cross species cattle-goat array comparative genome hybridization (aCGH) experiment in order to identify copy number variations (CNVs) in the goat genome analysing animals of different breeds (Saanen, Camosciata delle Alpi, Girgentana, and Murciano-Granadina) using a tiling oligonucleotide array with ~385,000 probes designed on the bovine genome.
We identified a total of 161 CNVs (an average of 17.9 CNVs per goat), with the largest number in the Saanen breed and the lowest in the Camosciata delle Alpi goat. By aggregating overlapping CNVs identified in different animals we determined CNV regions (CNVRs): on the whole, we identified 127 CNVRs covering about 11.47 Mb of the virtual goat genome referred to the bovine genome (0.435% of the latter genome). These 127 CNVRs included 86 loss and 41 gain and ranged from about 24 kb to about 1.07 Mb with a mean and median equal to 90,292 bp and 49,530 bp, respectively. To evaluate whether the identified goat CNVRs overlap with those reported in the cattle genome, we compared our results with those obtained in four independent cattle experiments. Overlapping between goat and cattle CNVRs was highly significant (P < 0.0001) suggesting that several chromosome regions might contain recurrent interspecies CNVRs. Genes with environmental functions were over-represented in goat CNVRs as reported in other mammals.
We describe a first map of goat CNVRs. This provides information on a comparative basis with the cattle genome by identifying putative recurrent interspecies CNVs between these two ruminant species. Several goat CNVs affect genes with important biological functions. Further studies are needed to evaluate the functional relevance of these CNVs and their effects on behavior, production, and disease resistance traits in goats.
The goat (Capra hircus) represents one of the most important farm animal species. It is reared in all continents with an estimated world population of about 800 million of animals and about 560 breeds, which constitute approximately 12% of the total number of recorded domesticated mammalian livestock breeds of the world [1]. The diffusion of this species is mainly due to its capacity to supply milk, meat, and fibers for human consumption and use in a large number of different environments, including those poor of vegetation. In general, goat breeding represents an essential support for marginal economies in most developed and developing countries.
Despite the importance of this species, studies on the goat genome are still in their infancy compared to those in other farm animal species. A first and a second generation genetic maps of the goat genome have been obtained by Vaiman et al. [2] and Schibler et al. [3] by mapping a few hundred microsatellite markers in half-sib paternal goat families, with about 90% genome coverage. The relatively short evolutionary time separating the goat from the cattle and sheep [4-6] made it possible to use microsatellites developed in these two species to successfully genotype goats, even though interspecific priming often resulted in a marked loss of heterozygosity [2,3]. A comparative cytogenetic map of the goat genome has been developed using cattle and sheep BAC clones [3]. This map has been improved adding many other physically mapped genes, as recently reviewed in a compiled list including 268 genes and 144 microsatellites, roughly including 65% of the goat chromosome bands [7]. Comparative mapping between cattle and goat (both species have 2n = 60) has shown only few rearrangements in agreement with the similarity of chromosome banding [7,8].
Analysis of the goat genome provided a few important findings including the positional cloning of the polled intersex syndrome (PIS) locus located on goat chromosome (CHI) 1q43 and determined by a deletion of 11.7 kb containing mainly repetitive sequences [9,10]. Additional studies have been focused on milk protein gene polymorphisms and their effects on milk production traits (e.g. [11-13]). Polymorphisms in the goat PRNP gene have been associated with susceptibility to scrapie in different breeds [14]. Few other studies reported QTL for milk and fleece production traits and disease resistance [15-20]. Investigations of genes affecting coat colour identified polymorphisms associated with this phenotypic trait [21,22]. In particular, the Agouti locus in goat was shown to be highly variable including missense mutations and copy number variation (CNV) [22].
Recent studies have shown that copy number variants, defined as intraspecific gains or losses of ≥ 1 kb of genomic DNA [23,24], represent an important source of variability of mammalian genomes (~0.4-25% of the genome) as reported in human (e.g. [25-34]), chimpanzee [35,36], rhesus macaque [37], mouse [38-42], rat [43,44], dog [45,46], pig [47], and cattle [48-52]. CNVs can change gene structure and dosage, can regulate gene expression and function and for these reasons they have potentially more effects than the most frequent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in determining phenotypic differences [43,53-56]. CNVs can represent benign polymorphic variants even if in many other cases they are associated with human Mendelian and complex genetic disorders (reviewed in [57,58]). In farm animals, several traits are caused by CNV affecting genes or gene regions. For example, the Dominant white locus in pigs includes alleles determined by duplications of the KIT gene [59,60]. CNV also affects the Agouti locus in sheep and goats and contributes to the variability of coat colour in these two species [22,61]. CNV in intron 1 of the SOX5 gene causes the pea-comb phenotype in chicken [62] and the late feathering locus in this avian species includes a partial duplication of the PRLR and SPEF2 genes [63].
Genome-wide discovery and frequency evaluation of CNVs have been possible with the development of high-resolution array comparative genome hybridisation (aCGH) and, subsequently, with data analysis of high-density SNP platforms and paired end and deep sequencing approaches [64-69]. An advantage of aCGH is that hybridisation can be performed using heterologous DNA, i.e. genomic DNA of a different species but close to that used to develop the array, taking advantages from completely sequenced, assembled, and richly annotated genomes. Cross species aCGH experiments have been successfully applied using human arrays to analyse CNVs in chimpanzee and other primates [35,36,70], and using chicken based arrays to identify CNVs in turkey [71], duck [72], and zebra-finch [73] genomes.
Here we designed a cross species cattle-goat aCGH experiment in order to identify CNVs in goats of different breeds (both cosmopolitan and local) using information of the cattle genome and we obtained a first comparative map of CNVs of the Capra hircus genome.
The goat genome has not been sequenced yet and the cattle is the closest species to the goat for which an assembled genome is available [74,75]. In order to give a preliminary evaluation of the extent of sequence identity between these two ruminant species, we compared goat genomic sequences longer than 1 kb available in EMBL database with homologous cattle genomic regions. The average sequence identity between these two species was 82.79% (over 166.8 kb of aligned sequences), that increased at 93.77% if only exonic sequences (32.5 kb) were considered (data not shown). Even if this rough evaluation cannot give a complete picture of sequence divergence between cattle and goat, it indicates that cattle-goat cross-species DNA hybridization is possible as also demonstrated in physical mapping of cattle BAC and YAC clones to the goat genome and vice versa as well as by interspecific use of microsatellites [2,3,7,76]. Therefore, to identify CNVs in goats, we carried out a cross-species aCGH experiment using a cattle (Bos taurus) custom tiling array including ~385,000 oligonucleotide probes and goat genomic DNA obtained from 9 goats of four different breeds (3 Saanen, 1 Camosciata delle Alpi, 3 Girgentana, and 2 Murciano-Granadina goats), chosen according to their differences in production and morphological traits, and origin (Figure (Figure1).1). Saanen is the most popular dairy breed that was originated in Switzerland, highly selected for heavy milk production and with completely white/cream coat colour. Camosciata delle Alpi is an Alp mountain breed of the Chamois group. Girgentana is a Sicilian breed in an endangered status that is probably of Afghan and Himalayan origin, well adapted to the dry Sicilian environment and with very mild behavior. Girgentana goats have long corkscrew horns and cream/light-grey coat colour with, usually, a few small red spots around eyes and ears. Murciano-Granadina is a native Spanish breed with two colour types, solid black or solid brown (caoba).
Specific criteria were used to call CNVs in this cross-species aCGH experiment. CNVs were reported using 10 different algorithms developed for data segmentation and averaging their results as implemented in the CGHweb server [77]. The averaged log2 ratio threshold used to call CNVs was empirically determined considering the number of false positives called in the reference DNA self-self hybridization and the validation obtained by semiquantitative fluorescent multiplex PCR (SQF-PCR) (see Methods and data reported below for details). Applying these criteria, on the whole we identified 161 CNVs (Table (Table11 and Additional file 1). The largest number of CNVs was identified in the Saanen breed and the lowest number was reported for the Camosciata delle Alpi analysed goat. About 74% of the identified CNVs were observed in only one breed. On average each sample contained 17.9 CNVs. This result is comparable to what has been obtained in similar aCGH experiments that analysed the cattle [51], dog [45], and chicken [78] genomes, in which 11.6, 17.2 and 9.6 CNVs were evidenced for each animal in the three species, respectively (Table (Table2).2). Two CNVs (not overlapped to any other CNV) were also called in the self-self hybridization providing a rough estimation of the false discovery rate (FDR) among the set of identified CNVs (FDR = 11%). However, technical issues, like sequence divergence between the reference genome and the hybridized DNA and heterogeneity of DNA quality among different samples, make it difficult to precisely estimate the experimental FDR. The estimated FDR using the self-self hybridization data in this cross-species experiment is a little bit larger than that obtained with homologous DNA hybridization in aCGH. Indeed, in an aCGH study in dog, FDR was about 3% due to only one CNV detected in the self-self hybridization [46]. However, in another experiment carried out in humans, FDR was estimated to be 8-24% [28].
CNV regions (CNVRs) were determined by aggregating overlapping CNVs identified in different animals as previously reported [28,51] and considering a conservative approach due to the specificity of our experiment (see Methods for details). On the whole, we detected 126 CNVRs covering about 11.39 Mb of the virtual goat genome referred to the bovine genome, version Btau_4.0 (Figure (Figure22 and Additional file 2). This fraction corresponds to 0.432% of the latter genome, considered adding bases in the 29 autosomes and the X chromosome assembled in the Btau_4.0 version (11.39 Mb/2634 Mb). The chrUnAll (unassembled scaffolds) of the Btau_4.0 version was not included in the tiling array due to difficulties in interpreting the results that might have been derived by the short assembled fragments and mapping uncertainty [51]. In addition, the tiling arrays included 4,673 oligonucleotides designed on a portion of BTA13 (from nucleotide position 48 Mb to nucleotide position 78 Mb) derived from the UMD Bos taurus v. 2.0 assembly [75]. This additional BTA13 portion was included in the tiling arrays because the agouti signaling protein (ASIP) gene was not correctly assembled in the Btau_4.0 version of BTA13 and was reported in unassembled scaffolds only. This UMD 2.0 BTA13 region was added as an internal control because we previously demonstrated that the ASIP gene and the close S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) gene are included in a goat CNVR [22]. This CNVR may represent a recurrent interspecies CNVR since the same two genes are involved in a large duplicated region in sheep [61]. Considering this additional CNVR, on the whole we identified 127 CNVRs for a total of 11.47 Mb (Figure (Figure22 and Additional file 2). These 127 CNVRs included 86 losses and 41 gains, whereas none reported both events. Of these CNVRs, 14 were found in multiple animals of different breeds (no. = 7) or in multiple animals of the same and different breeds (no. = 6) or in multiple animals of the same breed only (no. = 1). All other events (no. = 113) were found only in one animal. The regions that were affected by these gain or loss events in goats ranged from 24,605 bp (BTA22, CNVR no. 101) to 1,075,778 bp (BTA17, CNVR no. 90) with mean and median equal to 90,292 bp and 49,530 bp, respectively (Additional file 2). Using a similar aCGH experiment Liu et al. [51] reported that cattle CNVRs are on average a little bit larger than those we reported in goats (mean and median equal to 159,031 bp and 89,053 bp, respectively). This is in contrast to Fadista et al. [52] who, using more dense arrays in another aCGH experiment reported a median size of CNVRs equal to 16.7 kb. Mean and median differences between goat and cattle experiments might be due to i) the cross species experiment performed in goat that might not be able to correctly identify the borders of the CNVRs, ii) the oligonucleotide density in the aCGH experiments, iii) true differences between species/breeds. It is interesting to note that the number of loss events was about two fold the number of gain events in both cattle and goat. This finding might be derived by both biological and technical reasons. Non-allelic homologous recombination, which seems to be one of the most important mechanisms responsible for CNV formation, has been shown to generate more deletions than duplications [79]. On the other hand, aCGH detection methods seem to favor the identification of deletions as reported by several other studies [28,47,51,52].
Additional file 3 reports the extension of CNVRs distributed for the different bovine chromosomes used in the comparative analysis with the goat genome. In only three chromosomes (BTA11, BTA20, and BTA21) we did not identify any CNVRs. BTA5 included the largest number of CNVRs (no. = 11), whereas BTA17, BTA10, and BTA18 included the largest extension of regions affected by CNVs (1.6%, 1.3% and 1.0% of their length, respectively) (Figure (Figure2).2). In cattle a similar aCGH experiment (that however included a larger number of animals [51]) showed the greatest enrichment for CNVRs on BTA5, BTA15, BTA18, BTA27, BTA29, and BTAX. Comparative mapping and chromosome banding similarities between cattle and goat indicate highly conserved synteny between these two ruminant species even if a few rearrangements have been evidenced mainly on CHI14 containing a small BTA9q11-q13 segment, and some other gene order rearrangements for chromosomes CHI2 compared to BTA2, CHI19 compared to BTA19, and CHIX compared to BTAX [7,8]. CNVRs were evidenced in these interested chromosome regions. However, it is not possible to evidence if CNVs are precisely positioned in rearranged regions because of the low resolution of the rearrangements so far described between goat and cattle chromosomes due to the few mapped genes.
To evaluate if CNVRs we identified in goats overlap with CNVRs reported in cattle, we compared our results with those obtained in four independent cattle experiments [49-52] carried out i) using aCGH including ~385,000 tiling oligonucleotides (177 CNVRs [51]) or ii) including 6.3 million of probes (304 CNVRs [52]) and iii) using the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip containing about 50K SNPs as reported by Matukumalli et al. ([49]; 79 CNVRs) and by Bae et al. ([50]; 368 CNVRs) (Additional file 4 and Additional file 5). Overlapping between aCGH results obtained in goat and cattle was highly significant (P < 0.0001) for both cattle experiments (17 and 11 goat CNVRs overlapped with cattle CNVRs identified by Liu et al. [51] and Fadista et al. [52], respectively). Only two goat CNVRs matched cattle CNVRs identified with the SNP panel [49,50], therefore overlapping was not significant. A similar bias on the common CNVRs between aCGH and SNP genotyping experiments was also evident comparing the cattle data obtained by the two methods (Additional file 5 and [51]). This could be due to resolution and genome coverage differences between the two platforms [51]. However, merging all cattle CNVRs reported in the four different experiments (on the whole 764 unique cattle CNVRs were obtained [49-52], Additional file 4), overlap with goat CNVRs was highly significant (P < 0.0001), confirming the results obtained considering the different cattle datasets separately (Additional file 5).
As the goat genome is not sequenced yet, we could not evaluate if the goat CNVRs have similar sequence characteristics in goat and cattle. Segmental duplications have been shown to significantly overlap with CNVRs in cattle [51,52] as well as in several other species [31,32,34,35,37,39,46]. As segmental duplications might facilitate non-allelic homologous recombination, it is likely that they are as well involved in the mechanisms that produce CNVs in goats. The overlapping CNVRs between goat and cattle might represent homoplastic recurrent interspecies CNVRs probably driven by genomic regions prone to instability present in the cattle-goat common ancestor that might have been retained in the genomes of both extant species. Indeed, cattle and goat share a common ancestor in the early Miocene about 17-23 Million years ago [4-6]. Similar reasoning could be considered for the CNVR that includes the ASIP gene [22] for which a recurrent CNVR has been reported in sheep [61], but not in cattle. Sheep and goat lineages separated about 6-14 millions of years before present [80]. Significant overlap of CNVRs among different species has been also observed comparing the human with both chimpanzee and rhesus macaque genomes [35-37]. These two non-human primate species diverged from the human lineage about 6 and 25 million years ago [81,82]. Together these results suggest that certain genomic regions are prone to recurrent CNV formation and instability in both the primate and the Artiodactyla evolutionary lineages. However, a change in the formation process of CNVs and segmental duplications in the human genome might be occurred in recent evolutionary history [83]. It will be interesting to evaluate if this has occurred in other lineages. A comparative analysis of CNVRs identified in cattle, goat, and sheep can open perspectives to evaluate the evolutionary mechanisms determining CNV formation during the mammalian evolution.
Several results suggest most of our CNVs are correctly identified. First of all, the number of CNVs was lower in the analysed Camosciata delle Alpi goat (no. = 8; Table Table1).1). This was expected because the aCGH reference was a sample of genomic DNA of another goat of the same breed. Similar results were also reported in mouse and dog aCGH studies that used a reference genomic DNA of an animal of the same breed/line of others that have been analysed for CNV discovery [39,45]. In addition, an internal control included in the design of the tiling arrays was represented by a portion of BTA13 derived from the UMD 2.0 assembly that contains the ASIP and AHCY genes that we previously showed to be affected by CNV in goats [22]. All goats that were shown to have multiple copies of the ASIP and AHCY genes with different methods [22] reported evidence of gain in the aCGH experiment, compared to the reference Camosciata delle Alpi genomic DNA. The results for this region were also used to set an empirical threshold to call CNVs by using the CGHweb platform and multiple algorithms [77] (see Methods).
Other three CNVRs identified on the goat chromosomes corresponding to BTA4, BTA10, and BTA17 (Table (Table33 and Additional file 6) were directly validated with SQF-PCR as reported for the ASIP and AHCY genes [22]. The CNVR of BTA4 (CNVR no. 25) included a gene coding for the GTPase, IMAP family member 1 (GIMAP1; ENSBTAG00000001198) that was used to design the primers for PCR validation. Semiquantitative fluorescent multiplex PCR confirmed the gain of copies already reported in the goats used in the aCGH experiment and in additional goats of the Saanen, Girgentana and Murciano-Granadina breeds (Figure (Figure3A)3A) (Additional file 7). The evaluated CNVR of BTA10 (CNVR no. 61) was originally identified in a Murciano-Granadina goat by aCGH (Additional file 1 and Additional file 2). The bovine sequence coding for an unknown transcript (ENSBTAG00000027170) positioned in this region was used to design PCR primers for validation. However, analyzing the bovine genome by BLAT using the ENSBTAG00000027170 sequence, a large number of significant hits (E-value < 4E-233, identity > 89%) were obtained, and the hits included only sequences assembled in the BTA10 encompassing the goat CNVRs no. 61 and 62 or included in unassigned scaffolds (data not shown). These regions of BTA10 have been already reported to contain CNVs in different cattle breeds [51,52] (Additional file 4). Analyzing by SQF-PCR goats other than those used for aCGH, we identified that this complex region (CNVRs no. 61 and 62) is affected by both gain and loss of DNA copies that did not occur specifically in the evaluated goat breeds (Additional file 7). Therefore, even if these CNVRs were classified as gain (Figure (Figure3B)3B) (Additional file 2), they should be considered together as gain/loss CNVRs. CVNR no. 90 on BTA17 (the largest we identified) includes the nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 (NR3C2) gene (ENSBTAG00000027182). PCR primers were tested on additional animals as reported for the previous two CNVRs. Only and all Girgentana goats showed gain of DNA copies in this region (Figure (Figure3C),3C), including the three Girgentana goats used for aCGH analyses (Additional file 7), even if the signal for one of them did not trespass the averaged log2 ratio threshold of 0.175. The NR3C2 gene encodes the mineralocorticoid receptor, which mediates aldosterone actions on salt and water balance within distal nephron cells, with crucial effects on blood pressure and potassium homeostasis. The protein acts as a ligand-dependent transcription factor that binds to mineralocorticoid response elements in order to transactivate target genes. Mutations in this gene in humans cause autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type I, a disorder characterized by renal resistance to aldosterone as well as salt wasting, dehydration, hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis and failure to thrive in the newborn [84]. Defects in this gene are also associated with early onset hypertension [85], whereas overexpression of this gene in forebrain decreases anxiety-like behavior [86]. It is tempting to speculate that additional copies of the NR3C2 gene (if functional) could contribute to specific adaptation traits to harsh and dry environments and to the very mild behavior of the Girgentana goats compared to other breeds.
Considering all 127 goat CNVRs, 78 of them (61.4%) partially or completely spanned cattle Ensembl annotated genes (Btau_4.0 version), including 249 Ensembl peptides, corresponding to 199 unique Ensembl cattle genes, representing 261, 126, and 864 gene ontology (GO) categories for molecular function, cellular components and biological processes, and 870 different PANTHER terms (Additional file 8 and Additional file 9). For example, considering GO annotation for biological processes, several GO categories are significantly (P < 0.001) over-represented in goat CNVRs (Table (Table4;4; Additional file 10). A few of these GO terms (response to stimulus; defense response) have been also already reported to be over-represented in CNVRs of the mouse and human genomes [39,87]. In general, goat CNVRs resulted particularly enriched in "environmental" functions (Table (Table4;4; Additional file 10 and Additional file 11) as already reported in other species [39,46,50-52,87]. This indication might be important in understanding the evolutionary and selection processes that determined the occurrence and diffusion of this variability in the goat genome. It could be possible that positive selection on duplications (based on functional effects) has occurred for these particular gene categories or that these enrichments might instead have been arisen from nonuniform negative selection on gene copy changes. This could be due to the fact that duplication or deletion of nonenvironmental genes might be more frequently deleterious than copy number changes of environmental genes [88]. The complex domestication process and artificial selection for breeding purposes (including bottleneck and expansion) that largely contributed to establish goat breed differences [89] might further complicate the evaluation of these two different hypotheses.
Considering the 199 unique Ensembl cattle genes included in the CNVRs identified in goats, for 119 we retrieved a human orthologous gene. Mutations in only 8 of these genes cause Mendelian disorders or are associated with genetic diseases in human (Additional file 12). None of these 199 cattle genes is involved in any reported genetic disease in goat, sheep or cattle. Among the goat genes already mapped [7] only one (TTN) is included in a CNVR (Additional file 12).
Few QTL studies have been reported in goats so far [15-20] and all used breeds/populations not included in our CNV study, except one in which a few Saanen crosses were analysed [15]. In addition, the identified QTL have very large confidence intervals including most of the CNVRs we observed in several chromosomes (data not shown). Therefore a comparison among CNVRs we identified in goats, their gene content and QTL regions is not very informative. However, it is interesting to note that Bolormaa et al. [20] reported putative QTL for faecal worm egg and eosinophil counts on CHI23, in the region including the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), in which we reported two CNVRs, one affecting a MHC class I antigen gene (CNVR no. 108, gain of copies) and the other one including MHC class II alpha and beta chain genes (CNVR no. 107, loss of copies) (Additional file 8 and Additional file 9). In sheep, several reports have identified polymorphisms in the class I and class II regions of the MHC being associated with resistance to nematodes [90]. It will be interesting to evaluate if these CNVs we identified in goats are associated with resistance to nematode infection and other diseases.
We provide a first comparative map of CNVRs in the goat genome using a cross-species aCGH experiment based on the cattle genome. Considering the limited number of analysed animals and breeds and the fact that the cross-species hybridization could have limited the detection power of this study, the reported goat CNVRs largely underestimate the true number of this kind of variation in the goat genome. Additional studies including other breeds should be carried out in order to better evaluate the extension and distribution of CNVs in the genome of this farm animal species. However, it appeared that possible evolutionary conserved mechanisms might be the causative factors of putative recurrent interspecies CNVs between cattle and goat. Using this cross-species design it seems possible to analyse several other genomes of the Bovidae family in order to obtain comparative CNV maps in other species close to the cattle and provide additional evidence on the co-occurrence of CNVs in particular chromosome regions. Several goat CNVs affect genes with important biological functions. Further studies are needed to evaluate the functional relevance of these CNVs and their effects on behavior, production, and disease resistance traits in goats.
We analysed CNVs in the goat genome by means of a cross-species aCGH experiment using the Roche NimbleGen platform (Roche NimbleGen Inc., Madison, WI; http://www.nimblegen.com) based on custom tiling arrays designed on the bovine (Bos taurus) genome, Btau_4.0 version [74], including a fraction of BTA13 of the University of Maryland (UMD) Bos taurus v. 2.0 assembly (ftp://ftp.cbcb.umd.edu/pub/data/Bos_taurus/Bos_taurus_UMD_2.0/[75]). Arrays contained ~385,000 probes on a single slide to provide an evenly distributed coverage with an average interval of ~6 kb for the Btau_4.0 genome. The BTA13 of the UMD v. 2.0 assembly was included from nucleotide position 48 M bp to nucleotide position 78 M bp (4,673 oligonucleotides and average spacing of ~6 kb). This chromosome region was analysed as internal control because it contains the ASIP gene, not assembled in the BTA13 of the Btau_4.0 version. We previously showed that this goat gene is included in a CNVRs in different goat breeds [22].
Goat genomic DNA was extracted from blood of 2 Camosciata delle Alpi, 3 Girgentana, 3 Saanen, 1 black and 1 brown Murciano-Granadina goats using the Wizard® Genomic DNA Purification kit (Promega Corporation, Madison, WI). All analysed animals were females. Reference DNA sample of one Camosciata delle Alpi goat (C1) was labeled with Cy5 and co-hybridised with the other test DNA samples labeled with Cy3 on 9 different arrays. A self hybridisation (reference labeled by both Cy5 and Cy3) was carried out in another array. Hybridization and array scanning were performed by Roche NimbleGen as previously described [39]. Data normalization was conducted using the normalize.qsline method from the Bioconductor package in R [39]. Then data were analysed for each hybridization using normalized log2 ratios using the CGHweb server (http://compbio.med.harvard.edu/CGHweb/[77]) that includes multiple algorithms. We used the self-self hybridisation and the BTA13 control region to define a suitable threshold to apply to the CGHweb calls in order to minimize false positives. Specifically we retained predicted CNVs if it had at least five consecutives datapoints supporting it (considering an average of probe values inside a smoothing window of five), thus limiting the minimum CNV size to about 30 kb, even if this resolution can vary in different regions depending on the relative distance of the probes that can be different from the averaged ~6 kb. Pointwise averaging of all computed profiles and maps of gains/losses for smoothed/segmented obtained from several algorithms (Lowess, Wavelet, Quantreg, ruavg, CBS, CGHseg, BioHMM, cghFLasso, GLAD, and FASeg) and summary data were generated. Pointwise averaging was shown to have good performances in calling alteration of copy number [91] and was chosen to compensate possible signal differences among probes in the cattle-goat heterologous experiment. Summary data were considered to call gain/loss in a chromosome region and to compile a high confidence set of CNVs. Then CNVs were called considering a conservative approach joining regions of at least 4-5 contiguous probes with CNV signal separated by up to three probes without CNV signal in the same individual (Additional file 1). This adjustment was applied in order to overcome possible signal losses or hybridisation problems in the cross-species aCGH experiment. CNVRs were reported aggregating overlapping or partially overlapping CNVs in different animals as previously reported [28,51] and applying the same criteria for CNVs within individuals (Additional file 2). The false discovery rate (FDR) was estimated based on the observation of 2 false positives in the self-self hybridisation. A rough estimate of the FDR is the expected number of false positives per array (n. 2) times the number of total arrays divided by the total number of CNVs (n. 161), resulting in an estimated FDR of 11%. This calculation should be considered only an approximation because it does not consider the potential for varying false positive rates across arrays. Based on these criteria the averaged log2 ratio threshold to call gains and losses [77] was empirically established at 0.175 considering the results obtained for the ASIP gene region. Four goats out of five with independent validated CNV [22] in this gene reported an averaged log2 ratio > 0.175, therefore this value was used as threshold even if in another goat the averaged log2 ratio for the ASIP region was 0.156. However, even if this latter value did not change the self-self FDR results, we used as threshold the value of 0.175 because the self-self hybridization could not fully reflect the variance of our 9 test experiments and we preferred a low false-positive rate even at the expense of having more false negatives in our dataset.
Validation of CNVs was performed by semiquantitative fluorescent multiplex PCR (SQF-PCR) as previously reported [22,92] using genomic DNA of the same goats analysed in the aCGH experiment and genomic DNA of additional goats (additional 8 Saanaen, 12 Girgentana, and 14 Murciano-Granadina) extracted as reported above. Briefly, two internal control regions known to have no CNV (DGAT1 and MC1R gene fragments) and CNVRs of interest were co-amplified in multiplex PCR under quantitative PCR conditions (with forward primers labelled in 5' with 6FAM) and the products were separated by capillary electrophoresis using an ABI3100 Avant sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) [22]. Peak heights of regions of interest were normalized against those of the internal controls. Primer pairs for control gene fragments and analysed CNVRs are reported in Additional file 6. SQF-PCR was performed in a total volume of 10 μL using 1-6 pmol of each primer and the conditions reported in Additional file 6. PCR profile was as follows: 5 min at 95°C; 20-22 amplification cycles of 30 sec at 95°C, 30 sec at 59°C, 30 sec at 72°C; 5 min at 72°C. Capillary electrophoresis was performed using 1 μL of reaction product, diluted in 10 μL of Hi-Di formamide (Applied Biosystems), and added with 0.1 μL of Rox labelled DNA ladder (500HD Rox, Applied Biosystems). Peak heights were obtained using GeneScan software v. 3.7 (Applied Biosystems). DNA dosages were calculated by comparing the normalized peak height ratios of goats of interest with the average normalized ratios of the reference Camosciata delle Alpi goat as follows: the peak height of a fragment of interest was divided by the peak height of the internal control; the averaged value obtained from at least two analyses for each sample/target region was divided by the same averaged value obtained for the control goat DNA. We adopted the theoretical values of 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and so on for a gain of multiple of one, two, three or other copies, respectively, compared to the copy content (unknown) of the reference DNA sample. Similarly, a loss of one set of copies (or one copy in case of a simple duplication) would theoretically result in a value of 0.5. These values should be considered only approximation of the copy number content as the objective was to validate the results obtained with aCGH and not to precisely estimate the number of copies of the analysed DNA fragments.
Capra hircus genomic sequences longer than 1 kb and including complete coding sequences were retrieved from EMBL database (Sept. 2010). Sequences were clustered with BLASTclust http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ on the basis of their identity (> 98%) resulting in 30 sequences covering on the whole 196,665 bp. These sequences were aligned with homologous cattle transcript regions identified using BLASTN on the basis of the best hits. The global sequence alignment without end-gap penalty was performed with LALIGN program http://www.ch.embnet.org/software/LALIGN_form.html. Exonic regions in goat sequences were defined according to the cattle annotation of the Btau_4.0 genome version http://www.ensembl.org/Bos_taurus/Info/Index. The goat CNVRs were mapped on the Btau_4.0 version of the bovine genome. To determine whether goat and cattle CNVRs occur in orthologous regions more often than expected by chance we considered the data reported for cattle in four different experiments [49-52]. The data reported in these four studies were considered separately due to differences in the methods and populations used for CNV detection. A merged list of the CNVRs reported in these investigations was also compiled (Additional file 4). In one of these cattle studies [48], CNVs were reported with reference to the Btau_3.0 version, therefore the LiftOver tool at the UCSC Genome Bioinformatics Site http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgLiftOver was used to map CNVs coordinates on the Btau_4.0 version. In this case, only 45 out of the reported 79 CNVs were successfully re-mapped. Within each experiment, overlapping CNVs were fused to define CNVRs. These procedures ended up with 37, 368, 177, and 266 CNVRs for Matukumalli et al. [49], Bae et al. [50], Liu et al. [51], and Fadista et al. [52] experiments, respectively, for a total of 764 combined CNVRs (Additional file 4). The number of overlapping segments between each pair of CNVR sets was computed and the overlap significance was evaluated with a permutation test [37]. For each experiment, 10,000 artificial random rearrangements of the CNVRs were generated and mapped on the Btau_4.0 bovine genome. The CNVR length distribution was preserved in each random rearrangement. In order to evaluate the significance of the overlap between two CNVR sets, we computed the distribution of the number of overlapping segments between one of the CNVR sets and the 10,000 random rearrangements of the other one. The reported P-value is the fraction of random CNVR rearrangements that obtain at least the same number of overlapping segments as the real one.
Goat CNVRs superimposing with cattle transcripts annotated in the Btau_4.0 version were determined on the basis of the genome coordinates, without imposing a minimum overlap threshold. Gene ontology terms associated with bovine transcripts were downloaded with the Ensembl BioMart retrieval system http://www.ensembl.org/biomart/index.html and the complete annotation was obtained by reconstructing the complete list of ancestors of each term in the directed acyclic graph described by the OBO file downloaded from the Gene Ontology web site on May 2010 http://www.geneontology.org/. The GOTermFinder tool was adopted for this task http://search.cpan.org/dist/GO-TermFinder/. We computed the occurrence of each term in the set of transcripts overlapping with goat CNVRs and we compared it with the occurrence of the same term in the whole bovine genome (Btau_4.0 version). The Fisher exact test was adopted to assess the significance of the overrepresentation of the terms in the set of transcripts overlapping with the goat CNVRs. The multiple-hypothesis correction [93] was adopted for discriminating the significant terms at different False Discovery Rates (FDR): 0.001, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1.
To supplement the functional annotation, PANTHER Molecular Function terms were assigned to all bovine transcripts using the Hidden Markov Model scoring tools of the PANTHER (Protein ANalysis THrough Evolutionary Relationships) Classification System version 6.1 http://panther6.ai.sri.com/tools/hmmScoreForm.jsp. Similarly to the GO annotation, the distribution of the PANTHER terms in the set of transcripts overlapping with goat CNVRs was compared with the occurrence in the whole genome and the significance of the overrepresentation was evaluated with the Fisher exact test adopting the multiple-hypothesis correction.
aCGH data have been submitted to the gene expression omnibus http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ under the accession number GSE24436.
LF conceived and designed the study, analysed data, contributed to the sampling, coordinated and organized the laboratory work, drafted the manuscript and partially funded the study. PLM conducted bioinformatic and computational analyses. FB carried out the laboratory work and prepared data for analyses. VRi and SD contributed to the sampling and data. MC collaborated in the laboratory work. RC and VRu supervised the work and were involved in the design of the study. BP provided samples, supervised, took part in designing the work and partially funded the study. All authors reviewed the manuscript and accepted the final version.
List of CNVs identified in the analysed goats. The Excel file reports the chromosome, the nucleotides position of the CNV start and end (referred to the Btau_4.0 genome assembly), the size of the CNV in bp, the number of valid probes in the CNV (additional probes are included in CNV considering the position between two contiguous regions without 0.175 log2 value; see Methods for the definition of CNV), log2 mean of the probes in the CNV (see Methods), the type of CNV (gain/loss), the goat sample (C = Camosciata delle Alpi; G = Girgentana; MG = Murciano-Granadina; S = Saanaen; numbers after the breed symbols indicate the different animals used in the aCGH experiment), and the goat breed.
List of CNVRs obtained by merging overlapping CNVs across animals. The Excel file reports the progressive CNVR number, the chromosome, the nucleotides position of the CNVR start and end (referred to the Btau_4.0 genome assembly), the size of the CNVR in bp, the number of valid probes in the CNVR (additional probes are included in CNVR considering the position between two contiguous regions without 0.175 log2 value; see Methods for the definition of CNVR), the type of CNVR (gain/loss), the frequency of CNVR in the analysed goat panel, the goat breed (C = Camosciata delle Alpi; G = Girgentana; MG = Murciano-Granadina; S = Saanaen), and the goat subject (numbers after the breed symbols indicate the different animals used in the aCGH experiment).
Extension of CNVRs in the different chromosomes. Proportion of the CNVRs identified in goat compared to the dimension of the bovine chromosomes.
List of cattle CNVRs reported in four other experiments [49-52]and overlapping with goat CNVRs. CNVRs identified in cattle have been merged from the four reported experiments [49-52]. Progressive CNVR number has been assigned using the complete list. CNVRs are indicated with nucleotide positions (begin and end) on the Btau_4.0 version. Information reported for the four different experiments includes the progressive number and in parenthesis the chromosome number and the nucleotide positions (start and end). The goat CNVRs are reported.
Tables reporting the P values for the overlapping between goat and cattle CNVRs and among the four CNVR datasets available in cattle. Table S1 reports the results obtained comparing the goat CNVRs with the cattle CNVRs. Table S2 reports the results obtained comparing the different cattle datasets.
Primers and PCR conditions used to validate goat CNVRs. The table includes the goat CNVRs number, the corresponding bovine chromosome, gene symbol, amplified gene fragment data (including Ensembl number), sequence of the PCR primers, length of the amnplified fragment and PCR conditions.
Semiquantitative fluorescent multiplex-PCR (SQF-PCR) results obtained for different goats. The averaged SQF-PCR ratio normalized against the reference Camosciata delle Alpi goat is reported for the goats of the aCGH panel and for additional goats (additional panel) for the validated CNVs.
Gene Ontology (GO) annotation of genes included in goat CNVRs. Ensembl cattle transcripts located in goat CNVRs have been annotated using GO for Biological process, Cellular component, and Molecular function.
PANTHER annotation of genes included in goat CNVRs. Ensembl cattle transcripts located in goat CNVRs have been annotated using PANTHER.
Gene ontology (GO) categories significantly overrepresented in goat CNVRs at different False Discovery Rate (FDR) levels. GO categories were Molecular function, Biological process, and Cellular component.
PANTHER categories significantly overrepresented in goat CNVRs. PANTHER annotation has been obtained for the whole cattle genome.
List of goat CNVRs with human orthologous genes. EntrezGene ID and gene name are reported for human orthologous genes. The file includes genes already mapped in goat and genes for which mutations in human cause or are associated with human genetic diseases (data have been retrieved from OMIM database, May 2010).
We thank Drs. Charles Lee, Omer Gökçümen (Harvard Medical School, USA), and Giuliano Galimberti (University of Bologna, Italy) for advices on statistical evaluations of goat-cattle CNVR overlaps. We thank farmers and people who helped in obtaining goat samples. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments to the early version of the manuscript. This work was funded by the Assessorato Agricoltura e Foreste of the Regione Siciliana - U.O.B. 108, SOAT n. 69 Aragona (AG), by the Italian MiPAAF SELMOL project and by the University of Bologna RFO funds and was associated with the MIUR-PNR 2003 project (FIRB art.8) termed LIBI-Laboratorio Internazionale di BioInformatica.
PubMed Central Canada is a service of the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) working in partnership with the National Research Council's national science library in cooperation with the National Center for Biotechnology Information at the U.S. National Library of Medicine(NCBI/NLM). It includes content provided to the PubMed Central International archive by participating publishers.


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Saint Luke's is an ancient building in part dating back to the Norman Conquest. It is a Grade 1* listed building with ornate stone carvings, a 130′ limestone spire and a unique equestrian statue.
St. Luke's Church is part of the South Croxton Benefice. These comprise of the villages of South Croxton (with Beeby); Thorpe Satchville, Twyford and Ashby Folville (with Barsby) as well as Gaddesby. Services are shared across the five churches.
In turn the South Croxton Benefice is part of the South West Framland Group comprising of three Benefices – South Croxton, Burrough Hill and the Upper Wreake. The South West Framland Group brings together the people of 16 parishes from Ragdale to Pickwell. The South West Framland Group is supported by a part-time administrator, Mr Vic Allsop.
For details of services across the Group download the latest list of services .
Parish Vacancy
The South West Framland Group is currently without a vicar and so we are in an inter regnum whilst three new vicars are recruited. During this period our Priest in Charge is the Area Dean Revd Kevin Ashby. Kevin can be contacted on (01664) 503535; through his church office on (01664) 562267 or else via email at email@example.com
For funerals, visits to those who are ill and home communions contact our Lay Reader Malcolm Britton at 34 Hall Orchard Lane, Frisby-on-theWreake; by phone on 01664 434490 or by email email@example.com
For all baptism and wedding enquiries please contact our Administrator Mr Vic Allsop at the SWF Group Office, 29 Main Street, Great Dalby, LE14 2ET; by phone on 01664 561909 or by email email@example.com. The office is open on Tuesdays and Fridays 9:15am to 2:30pm
For general enquiries about Saint Luke's Church contact our Assistant Churchwarden Diana Pritchard 01664 840267 or – for the building itself David Wyrko 01664 840385.
Remember – if the services of a priest are required contact Revd Kevin Ashby
For details of services across the cluster download the latest service sheet.
The parish councils fund a monthly newsletter which contains information on activities and news from the villages as well as on the churches. The latest newsletter, an archive of old newsletters is available on the church newsletters page together with contact details for the editor.


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Information Security : Are you compliant?
Every day your organisation produces and consumes vast amounts of information from clients, partners, employees and other stakeholders. Managing payroll, analysing cash flow and keeping track of suppliers, are just some of the tasks you manage every day that are critical to your success. The information these tasks generate is likely to be sensitive and must be managed accordingly to prevent security breaches. But did you know that maintaining information security is not just sound business practice? It is actually your legal responsibility to eliminate the very conditions that may lead to loss of data.
The Law:
The primary piece of legislation which most people will be familiar with is the Data Protection Act of 1998 (DPA). In force since 2000, it is based on European law and was created to protect individuals' personal data in the UK. Specifically, it addresses the fact that personal data may only be used for the purpose it was collected and cannot be disclosed to other parties without consent from the individual.
What it means for organisations:
The Act's seventh data protection principle states that you must have appropriate security to prevent personal data from being accidentally or deliberately compromised. In particular, organisations are required to:
- Design and organise security to fit the nature of the personal data held and the harm that may result from a security breach.
- Be clear about who is responsible for ensuring information security.
- Make certain the right physical and technical security is in place, backed up by robust policies, procedures and reliable, well-trained staff.
- Be ready to respond to any breach of security swiftly and effectively.
Full details on the DPA and steps you can take to ensure compliance are available from the Information Commissioner's Office (ICO) website ico.org.uk.
The Consequences:
You are probably aware of the negative consequences of information security breaches such as financial loss due to customer attrition, damaged reputation and even costly fines, but the ripples go much further. From April 2010 the ICO was given new powers, meaning that organisations that lose individuals' personal data can face fines of up to £500,000. Previously, the ICO could only fine firms up to £5,000 for serious breaches of the Data Protection Act, so this represents a significant extension to its powers.
To date, over £6 million in financial penalties have been issued to organisations found in breach of the DPA by the ICO, which should place information security firmly at the top of every organisation's agenda.
What can You do?:
The old saying "A stitch in time saves nine" is never truer than now. In spite of a constantly changing regulatory and legal landscape, one thing will remain constant: preventing a breach is much easier and less costly than dealing with the potential repercussions. Here are some suggested steps to help you comply:
- List all information security risks specific to your organisation, targeting both paper-based and electronic information sources. Consider every stage of the information cycle; from data generation and storage, to the transfer of data from location to location, and the document destruction process.
- Train your employees in best practices and have a clearly documented and well-understood process for secure document management and destruction.
- If the volumes of confidential information your organisation produces are too large to manage in-house, consider outsourcing document and data destruction to professional providers who ensure the total security of the destruction process.
Ben Johnson Ltd have teamed up with Shred-It to offer cost-effective shredding services. If you would like to find out more, or want to book a free audit then contact your account manager today on 01904 698 698


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They are the decision-makers on the field. They stand behind the stumps and declare a player 'Out'. And they are responsible for maintaining peace and gameplay according to the rules of cricket. Cricket umpires are a well-known symbol of justice for any team on the ground, without which, the match itself will be a misery.
The hotshot of the recent Pepsi IPL season Rochelle Rao conversed with two important personas of the league; the umpires, Richard Keith Illingworth and Vineet Anil Kulkarni. A sneak peek into their lives helped us know, why the cricket umpires are just like us. Find the list below.
1) They started playing cricket as kids
- Didn't most of us?
2. They give exams too!
- Oh! Those nights and early morning horrors.
3. They cherish friendships
- Yaari above all :D
4) They pull each other's leg on the field
- Once a friend has played a prank on us, we ought to seek revenge, don't we?
5) They have a funny bone
- Those funny moments with your yaars which cannot be replaced for years to come.
6) They cherish memories!
- Because, who doesn't?
Which team did Richard Illingworth play for? Watch the video here to find out: http://goo.gl/CAZ3xN
LiveInStyle.com encourages you to Party Responsibly!


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It took two attempts for the demolition team to blow up the Franco-era monument on the Cíes Islands Galician national park.2 July 2008
MADRID - It may have taken the demolition team two attempts, but Spain was left with one less Franco-era monument Tuesday, as a monolith erected in 1961 on the Cíes Islands Galician national park was destroyed.
The decision to get rid of the statue was taken in 2007 under the controversial Historical Memory Law, a package of controversial measures aimed at providing redress to victims of the Civil War and the Franco regime.
The first attempt to blow up the monument on Monday afternoon failed, due to hidden elements of its structure. However, second time around at 7.45am Tuesday, the team reduced the Francoist symbol to rubble.
But as one statue falls, another one rises - residents of the Galician town Oleiros awoke last Thursday to find an enormous statue of Che Guevara had been erected on a traffic circle.
[El Pais / S. H. / Expatica]
We invite you to contribute to this article by sending related photos or videos. You can either send them to firstname.lastname@example.com or add them to our newly-created flickr group at http://www.flickr.com/people/expatica/. All contributed material will be credited accordingly.


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Better Days Animal League operates a small chain of thrift stores to help financially support our shelter. Our thrift stores accept donations that are clean and in good condition during business hours. For large donations and furniture donations, please call the store in advance to arrange a drop-off time.
Thrift stores accept the following payment methods: Bank Debit, American Express, MasterCard, visa, and Discover Card
|Thrift Store
|875 Lincoln Way West, Suite 109, Chambersburg, PA
West Side Plaza/Food Lion Plaza Radio Hill
|Mon – Sat: 9 AM – 5 PM. Sun: Closed
|Facebook page, (717) 977-9351
|Fort Loudon
|13500 Main Street, Ft. Loudon, PA 17224
|Mon – Fri: 10 AM – 5 PM, Sat: 10 AM – 4 PM Sun:
|Facebook page, (717) 217-9169


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Fossil Preparation By: Monica Bugbee, MS Preparator
This summer, The Mammoth Site set up a fossil preparation station next to the sinkhole where Mammoth Site interns and Excavation and Preservation Program participants worked diligently to carefully remove sediment from around ancient bones. Visitors were able to see the preparation process up close and personal as we demonstrated techniques and answered questions about preparation and the sinkhole in general.
We currently are working on fossils from a site in Sonora, Mexico called San Clemente de Térapa. Dr. Jim Mead has been conducting research at the site and recovered numerous specimens for preparation and research. The site is around 40,000 years old and provides us with a picture of what life was like in northern Mexico during the last Ice Age. Interns and volunteers have been uncovering the bones of ancient bison, sloth, and gomphotheres (and ancient relative of elephants).
In addition, Mammoth Site interns have been working to expose the underside of Vee's skull (83HS181) which was removed from the bonebed last summer. The skull was jacketed and flipped over before work could begin. Thus far, we have managed to uncover part of the tusk and the cheek bone. Work will continue throughout the winter!


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Woodland Walk Dry Dog Food ingredients: 34% Freshly prepared meat and fish (including venison 13%, duck 13%, salmon 8%), potato, pea protein, lentils, peas, linseed, dried egg, nutritional yeast, lamb gravy, salmon oil, botanical herbs: alfalfa, rosehips, chickweed, cleavers, golden rod, nettles, kelp, celery seeds, milk thistle, dandelion root, burdock root, marigold petals, chicory root, apple, carrot, cranberry, spinach, chelated vitamins & minerals.
Lily's Kitchen's newest grain-free dry recipe has arrived! Made using freshly prepared venison, duck and salmon from the Great British countryside together with healthy vegetables and botanical herbs.
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I'm looking for a good Thankgiving catering company in or near LA. I don't need full-service, but am looking for a pre-order, pick-up and go option, where I can reheat at home. I've heard of Julienne in San Marino, but don't know how good they are. Any recommendations would be really appreciated! Need a little extra help this Thanksgiving!
Thanks in advance!


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